https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Rockybhai3Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-09T05:04:23ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basagondappa_Kadappa_Gudadinni&diff=489956Basagondappa Kadappa Gudadinni2026-05-07T08:10:16Z<p>Rockybhai3: new</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{orphan|date=May 2026}}<br />
'''Basagondappa Kadappa Gudadinni''' (1929–1995) was an Indian politician from Karnataka who served as a Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha and as a member of the Karnataka Legislative Council.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=eparlib.sansad.in/ |url=https://eparlib.sansad.in/bitstream/123456789/821397/1/10_XV_04-12-1995_p6_p10_PII.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gudadinni B. K |url=https://kla.kar.nic.in/council/members/EXMEMBERS/GudadinniBK.htm |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=kla.kar.nic.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early Life and Education ==<br />
Basagondappa was born in 1929 in Sarawad, a village in the Bijapur district of Karnataka. He pursued a high level of academic achievement for his time, earning both a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc. Hons) and a Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.). Utilizing his qualifications, he dedicated the early part of his professional life to the classroom, serving as a teacher at S.S. High School in Bijapur until 1960, when he turned his focus toward his extensive political career.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Yumpu.com |title=LIST OF SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES |url=https://www.yumpu.com/id/document/view/9530728/list-of-successful-candidates |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=yumpu.com |language=id}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Political Career ==<br />
Gudadinni was a long-time member of the Indian National Congress, having joined the party in 1950. He represented the Bijapur constituency multiple times: <br />
<br />
* Lok Sabha Member: He was elected to the 4th Lok Sabha (1967–1971), the 9th Lok Sabha (1989–1991), and the 10th Lok Sabha (1991–1995).<br />
* Karnataka Legislative Council: He served as a member from 1974 to 1986 and held the position of Chairman of the Committee on Privileges.<br />
* Roles and Committees: During his parliamentary career, he served on various committees, including the Committee on Petitions, the Committee on Government Assurances, and the Standing Committee on Railways.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC: Bijapur 1989 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/lok-sabha-details/1989/karnataka/bijapur/4123/43/www.indiavotes.com/lok-sabha-details/1989/karnataka/bijapur/4123/43/9 |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Professional and Social Activities ==<br />
Beyond his legislative duties, Gudadinni was a multifaceted figure who made significant contributions to journalism and social welfare. He served as the editor of the Kannada weekly "Karnataka Sandesh," using the platform to engage with regional issues and public discourse. Deeply committed to social equity and education, he held leadership roles as the President of both the Ambedkar Educational Society and the Eshwar Vidya Vardhak Sangh, where he worked to expand academic opportunities for the community. His influence also extended into the economic sector through his leadership in the cooperative movement, serving as the Director and President of the Bijapur District Central Cooperative Bank and as a director for the Karnataka State Housing Corporation.<ref name=":0" /><br />
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== Death ==<br />
He passed away while serving as a sitting member of the 10th Lok Sabha on December 1, 1995, in Mumbai (then Bombay) at the age of 66. His wife, Lakshmibai Gudadinni, also later contested elections from the same constituency<ref name=":0" /><br />
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== References ==<br />
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[[Category:Indian politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Karnataka]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naresh_Roy&diff=520613Naresh Roy2026-05-06T15:30:25Z<p>Rockybhai3: created a details from scratch.</p>
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<div><br />
{{Short description|Indian politician in West Bengal}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency = [[Dhupguri Assembly constituency| Dhupguri]]<br />
| term_start = May 2026<br />
| term_end = <br />
| profession = Politician<br />
| predecessor = [[Nirmal Chandra Roy]]<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Naresh Roy''' is a politician from West Bengal. He is a member of [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]], from [[Dhupguri Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-04 |title=Dhupguri election result 2026: BJP's Naresh Chandra Roy defeated TMC's Dr. Nirmal Chandra Roy by 38,550 votes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/dhupguri-election-result-2026-tmcs-dr-nirmal-chandra-roy-vs-bjps-naresh-chandra-roy/articleshow/130601978.cms |access-date=2026-05-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He is a member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party – West Bengal|Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name=":TOI">{{cite web |title=Poll Results |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2026/candidateswise-S2515.htm |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=4 May 2026 |date=4 May 2026|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also ==<br />
* [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal]]<br />
* [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Naresh}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2026–2031]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:People from Jalpaiguri district]]<br />
{{WestBengal-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Srivaikuntam_Assembly_constituency&diff=537246Srivaikuntam Assembly constituency2026-05-04T11:16:13Z<p>Rockybhai3: Made Some Data Initial Version</p>
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<div>{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
|name = Srivaikuntam<br />
|constituency_no = 216<br />
|type = SLA<br />
| map_image = Constitution-Srivaikuntam.svg<br />
| map_caption = Area of Srivaikuntam Assembly constituency<br />
|state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|district = [[Thoothukkudi district|Thoothukkudi]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Thoothukkudi Lok Sabha constituency|Thoothukkudi]]<br />
|established = 1957<br />
|electors = 214,268 <br />
|reservation = None<br />
|mla = [[Oorvasi S. Amirtharaj]]<br />
| alliance = {{legend2|#dd1100|'''[[Secular Progressive Alliance|SPA]]'''|border=solid 1px #000}}<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br />
|preceded_by = [[S. P. Shunmuganathan]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Srivaikuntam State Assembly constituency''' ({{langx|ta|ஸ்ரீவைகுண்டம் சட்டமன்றத் தொகுதி}}) is one of the 234 [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies in [[Tamil Nadu]] in southern [[India]]. It is also one of the six state legislative assembly constituencies included in [[Thoothukkudi Lok Sabha constituency]]. It is one of the oldest assembly segments in Tamil Nadu, being in existence since 1957 election.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website= Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date= 22 January 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Members of Legislative Assembly==<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!rowspan=2|No.<br />
!rowspan=2|Name<br />
!colspan=2|Term of office<br />
!rowspan=2|[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Assembly]]<br/>{{small|([[Elections in Tamil Nadu|Election]])}}<br />
!rowspan=2 colspan=2|Political party<br />
|-<br />
!Assumed office<br />
!Left office<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|1<br />
|rowspan=2|[[A. P. C. Veerabahu]]<br />
|29 April 1957<br />
|1 March 1962<br />
|[[2nd Madras Assembly|2nd]]<br/>{{small|([[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]])}}<br />
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|29 March 1962<br />
|28 February 1967<br />
|[[3rd Madras Assembly|3rd]]<br/>{{small|([[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]])}}<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|2<br />
|rowspan=2|[[S. P. Adithanar|Si. Pa. Aditanar]]<br />
|15 March 1967<br />
|5 January 1971<br />
|[[4th Madras Assembly|4th]]<br/>{{small|([[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]])}}<br />
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|-<br />
|22 March 1971<br />
|31 January 1976<br />
|5th<br/>{{small|([[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]])}}<br />
|-<br />
!3<br />
|[[K. Sathu Selvaraj]]<br />
|4 July 1977<br />
|17 February 1980<br />
|6th<br/>{{small|([[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]])}}<br />
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|-<br />
!4<br />
|[[E. Ramasubramanian]]<br />
|19 June 1980<br />
|15 November 1984<br />
|7th<br/>{{small|([[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]])}}<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=3|5<br />
|rowspan=3|[[S. Daniel Raj]]<br />
|25 February 1985<br />
|30 January 1988<br />
|8th<br/>{{small|([[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]])}}<br />
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|6 February 1989<br />
|30 January 1991<br />
|9th<br/>{{small|([[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]])}}<br />
|-<br />
|1 July 1991<br />
|13 May 1996<br />
|10th<br/>{{small|([[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]])}}<br />
|-<br />
!6<br />
|[[S. David Selvyn]]<br />
|22 May 1996<br />
|14 May 2001<br />
|11th<br/>{{small|([[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]])}}<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|-<br />
!7<br />
|[[S. P. Shunmuganathan]]<br />
|22 May 2001<br />
|12 May 2006<br />
|[[12th Tamil Nadu Assembly|12th]]<br/>{{small|([[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]])}}<br />
|{{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|-<br />
!8<br />
|[[D. Selvaraj]]<br />
|17 May 2006<br />
|5 July 2009<br />
|[[13th Tamil Nadu Assembly|13th]]<br/>{{small|([[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]])}}<br />
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
!9<br />
|M. B. Sudalaiyandi<br />
|27 August 2009<br />
|14 May 2011<br />
|13th<br/>{{small|([[2009–10 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections#Srivaikuntam|2009]])}}<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan=2|(7)<br />
|rowspan=2|S. P. Shunmuganathan<br />
|23 May 2011<br />
|21 May 2016<br />
|[[14th Tamil Nadu Assembly|14th]]<br/>{{small|([[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]])}}<br />
|{{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|-<br />
|25 May 2016<br />
|3 May 2021<br />
|[[15th Tamil Nadu Assembly|15th]]<br/>{{small|([[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]])}}<br />
|-<br />
!10<br />
|[[Oorvasi S. Amirtharaj]]<br />
|11 May 2021<br />
|''Incumbent''<br />
|[[16th Tamil Nadu Assembly|16th]]<br/>{{small|([[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]])}}<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
!10<br />
|V. G. Saravanan<br />
|04 May 2026<br />
|''Incumbent''<br />
|[[17th Tamil Nadu Assembly|17th]]<br/>{{small|([[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|202]])}}<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
{{bar box<br />
|float = right<br />
|title = Vote share of winning candidates<br />
|titlebar = #ddd<br />
|width = 260px<br />
|barwidth = 250px<br />
|bars = {{bar percent|2021|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|46.75}}<br />
{{bar percent|2016|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|41.96}}<br />
{{bar percent|2011|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|52.86}}<br />
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|63.70}}<br />
{{bar percent|2006|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|40.72}}<br />
{{bar percent|2001|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|46.58}}<br />
{{bar percent|1996|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|42.57}}<br />
{{bar percent|1991|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|62.54}}<br />
{{bar percent|1989|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|34.12}}<br />
{{bar percent|1984|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|53.76}}<br />
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|38.99}}<br />
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|31.29}}<br />
{{bar percent|1971|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|54.95}}<br />
{{bar percent|1967|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|62.57}}<br />
{{bar percent|1962|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|48.28}}<br />
{{bar percent|1957|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|61.06}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== 2026 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivaikuntam}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= [[Oorvasi S. Amirtharaj]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. P. Shunmuganathan]]|party=AIADMK|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Shanmuga Sundaram|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. G. Saravanan|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change=''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br />
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =212885 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=AIADMK|loser=Indian National Congress|swing=}} {{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2021 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivaikuntam<ref>{{cite web|title=Srivaikuntam Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a216|access-date= 18 Jun 2022}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Oorvasi S. Amirtharaj]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=76,843 |percentage=46.75% |change=+7.05 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. P. Shunmuganathan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=59,471 |percentage=36.18% |change=-5.79 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Subbiah Pandian |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=12,706 |percentage=7.73% |change=+6.37 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Eral S. Ramesh |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=10,203 |percentage=6.21% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Chandra Sekar |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=1,355 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,372 |percentage=10.57% |change= 8.30% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=164,386 |percentage=73.26% |change= -1.62% }}<br />
{{Election box rejected|votes=123|percentage=0.07% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 224,384 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 4.78% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2016 ===<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivaikuntam<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. P. Shunmuganathan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=65,198 |percentage=41.96% |change=-10.89 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Rani Venkatesan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=61,667 |percentage=39.69% |change=+2.85 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Selvaraj |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=9,582 |percentage=6.17% |change=+3.04 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. D. R. Vijayaseelan |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=6,203 |percentage=3.99% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Muthuramalingam |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=3,764 |percentage=2.42% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Subbiah Pandian |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=2,113 |percentage=1.36% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,457 |percentage=0.94% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=U. Chithiraipandi |party=Independent politician |votes=810 |percentage=0.52% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Lingaraj |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=806 |percentage=0.52% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,531 |percentage=2.27% |change= -13.74% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=155,366 |percentage=74.89% |change= -0.14% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 207,471 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -10.89% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2011 ===<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivaikuntam<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. P. Shunmuganathan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=69,708 |percentage=52.86% |change=+13.82 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. B. Sudalaiyandi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=48,586 |percentage=36.84% |change=-3.94 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Sudalaimani |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=6,033 |percentage=4.57% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Selvaraj |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,125 |percentage=3.13% |change=+0.22 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=H. M. Mohammed Yusuf |party=AIMF |votes=1,303 |percentage=0.99% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Saravanan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,255 |percentage=0.95% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Chinnadurai |party=Ambedkar People's Movement |votes=869 |percentage=0.66% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=21,122 |percentage=16.02% |change= 14.27% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=131,879 |percentage=75.03% |change= 8.45% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 175,769 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 12.08% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2006===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivaikuntam<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 2006 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| access-date = 12 May 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[D. Selvaraj]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=38,188 |percentage=40.78% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. P. Shunmuganathan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=36,556 |percentage=39.04% |change=-7.54 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=E. Athisaya Kumar |party=Puthiya Tamilagam |votes=9,324 |percentage=9.96% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Sathiya Seelan |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=3,166 |percentage=3.38% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. M. Paulraj |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,719 |percentage=2.90% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Frederick Stanley |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=2,136 |percentage=2.28% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=E. George Benni |party=Independent politician |votes=719 |percentage=0.77% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,632 |percentage=1.74% |change= -1.64% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=93,643 |percentage=66.58% |change= 13.59% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 140,639 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -5.80% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2001===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivaikuntam<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. P. Shunmuganathan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=39,739 |percentage=46.58% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. David Selvyn]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=36,853 |percentage=43.19% |change=+0.62 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Selvam |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=6,184 |percentage=7.25% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Jayapal |party=Independent politician |votes=987 |percentage=1.16% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Rajan |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=831 |percentage=0.97% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. Rajaendran |party=Independent politician |votes=727 |percentage=0.85% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,886 |percentage=3.38% |change= -11.85% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=85,321 |percentage=53.00% |change= -8.50% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 161,095 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 4.01% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1996===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivaikuntam<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 1996 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. David Selvyn]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=36,917 |percentage=42.57% |change=+13.66 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Daniel Raj]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,708 |percentage=27.34% |change=-35.2 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Sampath @ Thirugnana Sambantham |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=11,539 |percentage=13.31% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Chellappa |party=Janata Party |votes=7,743 |percentage=8.93% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. P. Vel |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,305 |percentage=3.81% |change=-2.89 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Manoharaj |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=1,390 |percentage=1.60% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Chandrasekar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,157 |percentage=1.33% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Viswanathan |party=Independent politician |votes=494 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,209 |percentage=15.23% |change= -18.39% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=86,719 |percentage=61.50% |change= 2.21% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 148,864 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -19.97% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1991===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivaikuntam<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Daniel Raj]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=50,800 |percentage=62.54% |change=+28.42 }}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. David Selvyn]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=23,486 |percentage=28.91% |change=-1.21 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Thiru Neelakandan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,445 |percentage=6.70% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Ysakky |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=526 |percentage=0.65% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=27,314 |percentage=33.62% |change= 29.62% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=81,233 |percentage=59.29% |change= -9.78% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 142,524 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 28.42% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1989===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivaikuntam<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Daniel Raj]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,615 |percentage=34.12% |change=-19.64 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Jegaveerapandian |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=26,143 |percentage=30.12% |change=-14.09 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kanagaraj |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=16,757 |percentage=19.31% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Muthukaruppan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=12,951 |percentage=14.92% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Arikrishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=502 |percentage=0.58% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,472 |percentage=4.00% |change= -5.55% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=86,797 |percentage=69.07% |change= -0.49% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 127,689 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -19.64% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1984===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivaikuntam<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Daniel Raj]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=41,513 |percentage=53.76% |change=+17.85 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. P. Muthu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=34,140 |percentage=44.21% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Mullai Vazhuthai |party=Independent politician |votes=501 |percentage=0.65% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Jones |party=Independent politician |votes=495 |percentage=0.64% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,373 |percentage=9.55% |change= 6.46% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=77,226 |percentage=69.56% |change= 7.95% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 116,124 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 14.76% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1980===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivaikuntam<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf| archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[E. Ramasubramanian]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=26,502 |percentage=38.99% |change=+7.7 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Shanmugam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,404 |percentage=35.91% |change=+12.45 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. P. Adithanar]] |party=Independent politician |votes=12,119 |percentage=17.83% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Ashokkumar |party=Independent politician |votes=3,890 |percentage=5.72% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=L. Chelliah |party=Independent politician |votes=542 |percentage=0.80% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Pothiah Pillai |party=Independent politician |votes=511 |percentage=0.75% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,098 |percentage=3.09% |change= -2.33% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=67,968 |percentage=61.61% |change= 2.98% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 111,712 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 7.70% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1977===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivaikuntam<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Sathu Selvaraj]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=20,459 |percentage=31.29% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Muthu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=16,919 |percentage=25.87% |change=-29.07 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Nainar Kulasekaran |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,340 |percentage=23.46% |change=-17.35 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Sankarapandian |party=Janata Party |votes=12,672 |percentage=19.38% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,540 |percentage=5.41% |change= -8.72% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=65,390 |percentage=58.63% |change= -16.46% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 112,893 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -23.66% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1971===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivaikuntam<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. P. Adithanar]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,329 |percentage=54.95% |change=-7.63 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. A. R. Annamalai |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,724 |percentage=40.81% |change=+6.75 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Natarajan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,541 |percentage=2.27% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Esakki Thevar |party=Independent politician |votes=377 |percentage=0.55% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,605 |percentage=14.14% |change= -14.38% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=67,938 |percentage=75.09% |change= -0.02% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 98,701 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -7.63% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1967===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivaikuntam<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2012|access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. P. Adithanar]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=41,828 |percentage=62.57% |change=+41.87 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Nadar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,767 |percentage=34.06% |change=-14.22 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kone |party=Independent politician |votes=852 |percentage=1.27% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Perumal |party=Independent politician |votes=656 |percentage=0.98% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,061 |percentage=28.51% |change= 0.94% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=66,848 |percentage=75.12% |change= 6.71% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,282 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 14.30% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1962===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivaikuntam<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|access-date= 19 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. P. C. Veerabahu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,949 |percentage=48.28% |change=-12.79 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Pechi |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=12,844 |percentage=20.70% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ganapathi |party=Swatantra Party |votes=10,639 |percentage=17.15% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. S. Perumal |party=Independent politician |votes=5,951 |percentage=9.59% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Packianathan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,655 |percentage=4.28% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,105 |percentage=27.57% |change= -11.10% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=62,038 |percentage=68.41% |change= 15.01% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,868 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -12.79% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1957===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Srivaikuntam<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1957 | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf| access-date=2015-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. P. C. Veerabahu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,849 |percentage=61.06% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Y. Perumal |party=Independent politician |votes=10,943 |percentage=22.39% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jagaveer Rajendran |party=Independent politician |votes=6,300 |percentage=12.89% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Cheeni |party=Independent politician |votes=1,792 |percentage=3.67% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,906 |percentage=38.68% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=48,884 |percentage=53.39% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 91,557 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
* {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= July 8, 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date= October 5, 2010}}<br />
<br />
{{Tamil Nadu assembly elections|state=expanded}}<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}<br />
{{coord|8.63|77.91|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Thoothukudi district]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]<br />
[[Category:1957 establishments in Madras State]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanthi_Arvind&diff=534595Shanthi Arvind2026-05-03T19:36:54Z<p>Rockybhai3: Made Basic Details W/ Sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian choreographer and actress}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Shanthi Arvind<br />
| birth_name = Shanthi<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1980|02|17|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/tamil/tv-actress/actress-shanthi|title=Tamil Tv Actress Shanthi|website=nettv4u.com}}</ref> <br />
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Actress]]|[[Dancer]]|[[choreographer]]}}<br />
| known_for = ''[[Metti Oli]]''<br />
| other_names = Metti Oli Shanthi<br>Santhi<br />
| years_active = 1990–2025<br />
| children = 2<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Shanthi Arvind''' (born 17 February 1980), also known as '''Santhi''' or '''Shanthi Master''', is an Indian dancer and actress who works in Tamil-language films and television.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kalakkalcinema.com/metti-oli-shanthi-in-kannana-kanne-serial/156214/|title=Metti Oli Shanthi in Kannana Kanne Serial|date=May 1, 2021|website=kalakkalcinema.com |author1=Jyotika }}</ref> She began her career at the age of ten in the film ''[[Kizhakku Vaasal]]'' (1990) as a dancer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/dance-master-shanthi-talks-about-how-she-faced-discrimination-in-cinema-industry|title='நியாயமில்லாத புறக்கணிப்புகள்தான் வருத்தத்தை தருது!' - சாந்தி மாஸ்டர் ஷேரிங்ஸ் #StopExploitingWomen|date=March 8, 2021|website=kalakkalcinema.com}}</ref> She is also known for being the title song dancer in the serial ''[[Metti Oli]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/film-choreographer-and-biggboss-shanthi-s-commentary-on-songs-131672967921498.html|title=Shanthi Master: 'இப்போ வர்ற பாடலை கேட்டா வேதனையா இருக்கு' சாந்தி மாஸ்டர் ஃபீல்!|website=tamil.hindustantimes.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
Shanthi made her television debut in the 2002 television series ''[[Metti Oli]]'', which proved to be a major [[breakout role]] in her career, she later earned her self the name of "Metti Oli Shanthi" after her appearance in the show.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kalakkalcinema.com/metti-oli-shanthi-with-childrens/175347/|title=Metti Oli Shanthi With Childrens|website=kalakkalcinema.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.behindtalkies.com/metti-oli-fame-dancer-shanthi-interview/|title=அந்த நடிகரால் தான் டான்ஸ் ஆடவே யோசிக்கிறேன். மெட்டி ஒலி சாந்திக்கு ஏற்பட்ட அவமானம்|date=July 6, 2021|website=tamil.behindtalkies.com}}</ref> She also appeared in other television serials as an actress such as ''[[Kannana Kanne]]'', ''Muthuzhagu'', ''[[Ilakkiya]]'' and ''[[Kula Deivam (TV series)|Kula Deivam]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/154341-dance-master-shanthi-open-talk-in-her-cinema-struggle-and-achievement-journey|title=I asked for a chance after being shy! - Shanti Master|date=April 9, 2019|website=cinema.vikatan.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/television/shanthi-rocks-tv-serials-345593.html|title=அம்மி அம்மி அம்மி மிதிச்சு.. ஆடி ஓய்ந்த கால்கள்.. சீரியலில் கலக்கும் ஸ்நேக் சாந்தி!|date=April 1, 2019|website=tamil.oneindia.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Channel !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2002 || ''[[Metti Oli]]'' || Title song dancer || rowspan="3"| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/interview-with-metti-oli-serial-actress-shanthi|title=Metti Oli my life has changed! - Shanti|date=February 7, 2020|website=cinema.vikatan.com}}</ref> <br />
|-<br />
| 2015–2018 || ''[[Kula Deivam (TV series)|Kula Deivam]]'' || Mangalasundari || Debut as actress<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || ''[[Super Challenge]]'' || Guest || TV show<br />
|-<br />
| 2018–2021 || ''[[Eeramana Rojave (TV series)|Eeramana Rojave]]'' || Maragatham and Thangam || [[Star Vijay]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2018–2020 || ''[[Kalyana Parisu (TV series)|Kalyana Parisu]]'' || Lakshmi Arjun || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] || <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"| 2020 || ''[[Suryavamsam (TV series)|Suryavamsam]]'' || Special appearance || [[Zee Tamil]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Anbe Vaa (2020 TV series)|Anbe Vaa]]'' || Choreographer || rowspan="3"| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=byypezC2fV4|title= Anbe Vaa - Title Song Making {{!}} Sun TV|date=November 2, 2020|website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2021–2022 || ''[[Kannana Kanne]]'' || Renuka ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2021 || ''Ettam Arivu'' || Herself ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2021–2024 || ''Muthazhagu'' || Thilaga || rowspan="3"|[[Star Vijay]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4"|2022 || ''[[Oo Solriya Oo Oohm Solriya]]'' || Guest || <br />
|-<br />
| ''Anda Ka Kasam'' || Guest || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vanakkam Tamizha]]'' || Guest || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Poova Thalaya'' || Guest || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]||<br />
|-<br />
|2022-2023||''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 6)|Bigg Boss Tamil Season 6]]'' || Contestant ||[[Star Vijay]]|| Evicted Day 14<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-tamil-season-6-highlights-shanthi-is-the-1st-contestant-to-get-eliminated-2288954-2022-10-24|title=Bigg Boss Tamil Season 6 Highlights: Shanthi is the 1st contestant to get eliminated|date=October 25, 2021|website=India Today}}</ref> <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2023 || ''Bigg Boss Kondattam'' || Herself ||[[Star Vijay]]||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Tamizha Tamizha'' || Herself ||[[Zee Tamil]]||<br />
|- <br />
| 2023 || ''[[Kannedhirey Thondrinal (TV series)|Kannedhirey Thondrinal]]'' ||Raja Rajeshwari ||[[Kalaignar TV]]||<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/actress-and-choreographer-shanthi-aravind-joins-the-cast-of-kannethiey-thonrinal/articleshow/102674742.cms| title=Actress and choreographer Shanthi Aravind joins the cast of 'Kannethiey Thonrinal'| website=[[The Times of India]]| date=12 August 2023|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"| 2023–2025 || ''[[Ilakkiya (2022 TV series)|Ilakkiya]]'' || Dhakshayini ||[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sakthivel: Theeyaai Oru Theeraa Kaadhal]]'' || Paramsothy ||[[Star Vijay]]||<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-fame-shanthi-and-pravin-adithya-starrer-sakthi-vel-to-entertain-tamil-tv-audience/articleshow/105618211.cms| title=Bigg Boss Tamil fame Shanthi and Pravin Adithya starrer 'Sakthi Vel' to entertain Tamil TV audience| website=[[The Times of India]]| date=30 November 2023|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2026 || ''[[Sandhya Raagam (TV series)|Sandhya Raagam]]'' || Herself ||[[Zee Tamil]]||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Film ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"<br />
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="1"|1990 || ''[[Kizhakku Vaasal]]'' || Dancer in Thadukki Thadukki song ||Debut as dancer<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/87017-i-am-playing-negative-role-in-arvind-swamys-movie-says-metti-oli-shanthi|title=I am Waiting for Aravind Sami!" - 'Metti Oli' Shanti's comeback|date=April 20, 2017|website=cinema.vikatan.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|1999 || ''[[Jodi (1999 film)|Jodi]]'' || Dancer in Kadhal Kaditham song ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ninaivirukkum Varai]]'' || Dancer in Tirupathi Ezhumalai Venkatesa song ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3"|2000 ||''[[Kandukondain Kandukondain]]'' || Dancer in Smayiyai song ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Pennin Manathai Thottu]]'' || Dancer in Naa Saltu kotta||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Rhythm (2000 film)|Rhythm]]'' || Dancer in Thaniye Song ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2"|2001 || ''[[Minnale]]'' || Dancer in Venmathi song ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Badri (2001 film)|Badri]]'' || Dancer in King of Chennai song ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="1"|2002 ||''[[Gemini (2002 film)|Gemini]]'' ||Dancer in O Podu ||<br />
|-<br />
|2003||''[[Pakalppooram]]''||Dancer in Hey Shingaari song||[[Malayalam]] Film<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="1"|2003 || ''[[Whistle (2003 film)|Whistle]]'' ||Dancer in Kiruka Kadal Kirukaa ||<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="1"|2003 || ''[[Anbe Sivam]]'' ||Dancer in Naatukkoru Seithi ||<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|[[Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]]<br />
|Shanmugam's Wife<br />
|Debut as Actress<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shanthi}}<br />
[[Category:1980 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film choreographers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women choreographers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian choreographers]]<br />
[[Category:Dancers from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian dancers]]<br />
<br />
{{Dance-bio-stub}}<br />
{{India-screen-actor-stub}}</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tania_(actress)&diff=539558Tania (actress)2026-04-26T14:56:50Z<p>Rockybhai3: Made The Entry W/ Sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actress (born 1993)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Tania<br />
| image = Tania at Punjabi Entertainment Festival & Awards.jpg<br />
|alt=Punjabi Actress Tania<br />
| caption = Tania in 2024<br />
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name --><br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|05|06}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Jamshedpur]], [[Bihar]] (now [[Jharkhand]], [[India]]<br />
| other_names = <br />
| citizenship = <br />
| education = <br />
| alma_mater = [[Guru Nanak Dev University]]<br />
| occupation = [[Actress]]<br />
| years_active = 2016-present<br />
| known_for = [[Qismat]] and [[Sufna]]<br />
| notable_works = [[Guddiyan Patole]]<br/>[[Rabb Da Radio 2]]<br/>[[Sufna]]<br/>[[Lekh (film)]]<br />
| height = 163 cm<br />
| spouse = <br />
| partner = <!-- (married long-term partner) --><br />
| children = <br />
| parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters --><br />
| mother = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) --><br />
| father = <!-- may be used (optionally with mother parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) --><br />
| relatives = <br />
| family = <br />
| callsign = <br />
| awards = [[#Awards and nominations|Full list]]<br />
| website = {{Instagram|taniazworld}}<br />
| module = <br />
| module2 = <br />
| module3 = <br />
| module4 = <br />
| module5 = <br />
| module6 = <br />
| signature = <br />
| signature_size = <br />
| signature_alt = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Tania''' (born 6 May 1993)<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2021 |title=Happy Birthday Tania: 5 times when the actress won our hearts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/happy-birthday-tania-5-times-when-the-actress-won-our-hearts/photostory/82427251.cms |access-date=20 June 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> is an Indo-Canadian actress and model who works primarily in [[Punjabi cinema]]. She made her acting debut in 2018 and has since appeared in a range of Punjabi films. She has been nominated for two Brit Asia TV Awards, winning one for "Best Supporting Actress" for her performance in ''[[Qismat]] (2018)''.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Early life and Education==<br />
Tania was born on 6 May 1993 in [[Jamshedpur]], [[Bihar]] to parents from Punjab.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/category/Actor/taniazworld/about/ |title=Tania |via=Facebook |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604042057/https://m.facebook.com/pages/category/Actor/taniazworld/about/ |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=28 April 2019}}</ref> Brought up in Amritsar,<ref name=":2" /> she has one younger sister Tamannah.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/world-siblings-day-2019-tania-calls-her-sister-tamanna-her-partner-in-crime/articleshow/68826110.cms |title=National Siblings Day 2019: Tania calls her sister Tamanna her partner in crime |date=11 April 2019 |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=28 April 2019}}</ref> She attended [[Guru Nanak Dev University]] and [[BBK DAV College for Women, Amritsar]] where she won the "Best Actor of the Year" award each year from 2012 to 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/fresh-face-big-dreams/657226.html |title=Fresh Face, Big dreams |date=23 September 2018 |work=The Tribune |access-date=1 May 2019 |archive-date=1 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501105745/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/fresh-face-big-dreams/657226.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> She completed her Bachelor of Design from BBK DAV College, Amritsar, and a postgraduate degree in project management from Canada.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.in.com/entertainment/regional/after-declining-a-bollywood-offer-heres-how-tania-managed-to-bag-punjabi-films-333809.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428051003/https://www.in.com/entertainment/regional/after-declining-a-bollywood-offer-heres-how-tania-managed-to-bag-punjabi-films-333809.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 April 2019 |title=After declining a Bollywood offer, here's how Tania managed to bag Punjabi films! |date=6 March 2019 |website=in.com |language=en |access-date=28 April 2019}}</ref> During her academic years, she developed an interest in acting and dance.<ref>https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/tania-pollywood-actor-punjabi-films-7829762 </ref> She is also a classical dancer and a national-level participant.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
== Acting career ==<br />
<br />
Tania made her acting debut with the Punjabi film ''Qismat'' (2018). She subsequently appeared in ''Guddiyan Patole'' (2019) and made a cameo appearance in ''Rabb Da Radio 2'' (2019). She gained wider recognition after appearing in ''Sufna'' (2020). Her later films include ''Bajre Da Sitta'' (2022), ''Oye Makhna'' (2022), ''Lekh'' (2023), ''Mitran Da Naa Chalda'' (2023), and ''Godday Godday Chaa'' (2023). ''Godday Godday Chaa'' won the National Film Award for Best Punjabi Feature Film at the 71st National Film Awards (2024). Her 2025 releases include ''Phaphey Kuttniyan'', ''Mithde'', ''Illti'', and ''Godday Godday Chaa 2''. She has also made cameo appearances in ''Qismat 2'' and ''Nikka Zaildar 4''. In addition to films, she has appeared in Punjabi music videos and brand endorsements.<br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Key<br />
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br />
|Denotes films that have not yet been released<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Role<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2018 || ''[[Qismat]]'' || Aman || Debut film<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Son of Manjeet Singh]]'' || Simran || <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2019 || ''[[Guddiyan Patole]]'' || Nicole || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Rabb Da Radio 2]]'' || Raaji || <br />
|-<br />
| 2020 || ''[[Sufna]]'' || Teg || Debut as Lead Actress<br />
|-<br />
| 2021 || ''[[Qismat 2]]'' || Mazaj Kaur || <ref name="toi:filming">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/ammy-virk-and-sargun-mehta-starrer-qismat-2-goes-on-the-floor/articleshow/78715121.cms |title=Ammy Virk and Sargun Mehta starrer 'Qismat 2' goes on the floor - Times of India |website=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2022<br />
|''[[Lekh (film)|Lekh]]''<br />
|Ronak<br />
| With [[Gurnam Bhullar]]<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Bajre Da Sitta]]''<br />
| Roop<br />
|<ref name="toi:BDS">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/bajre-da-sitta-ammy-virk-and-tania-kick-start-the-shoot-of-their-new-movie/articleshow/80165780.cms |title=Bajre Da Sitta: Ammy Virk and Tania kick start the shoot of their new movie - Times of India |website=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Oye Makhna]]''<br />
|Rimple<br />
|With [[Ammy Virk]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2023<br />
| ''[[Mitran Da Naa Chalda]]''<br />
|Binder<br />
| With [[Gippy Grewal]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://propunjabtv.com/mitran-da-naa-chalda-the-title-of-gippy-grewals-upcoming-film-has-been-changed-know-full-detail/ |title=Gippy Grewal changed the name of the film 'Uchiyan Ne Gallan Tere Yaar Diyan', announced the release date with the new title 'Mitran Da Naa Chalda' |work=Punjab Pro TV |date=21 January 2023 |access-date=12 February 2023}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
||''[[Godday Godday Chaa]]''<br />
| Harsimran Kaur "Nikko" <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2025 || ''[[Illti]]'' <br />
| TBA <br />
| with [[Jagjeet Sandhu]]<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Mithde]]'' <br />
| TBA <br />
|with [[Laksh Duleh]] and [[Roopi Gill]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2025 || ''Godday Godday Chaa 2 (2025)'' <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Music videos ===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! Title<br />
! Year<br />
! Artist(s)<br />
!Video Director<br />
!Label<br />
! Notes<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"|"Teri Meri Ladayi"<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2020<br />
| [[Maninder Buttar]]<br />
|[[Rahul Chahal]]<br />
|White Hill Music <br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| U & Me<br />
|[[Gippy Grewal]] <br />
|[[Baljit Singh Deo]]<br />
|[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |"Kya Baat Aa"<br />
| [[Karan Aujla]]<br />
|[[Sukh Sanghera]]<br />
|Rehaan Records<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"|"Teri Jatti"<br />
| rowspan="2"|2022<br />
|[[Ammy Virk]]<br />
|Mahi Sandhu<br />
|Burfi Music <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row"| "Ja Tere Bina"<br />
| [[Happy Raikoti]]<br />
| Dilsher Singh, Khushpal Singh<br />
| White Hill Music<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!'''"For a Reason"'''<br />
|2025<br />
|[[Karan Aujla]] and Ikky<br />
|Agam Mann and Aseem Mann<br />
|Rehaan Records<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Awards and nominations ==<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"<br />
|-<br />
! width=5%|Year<br />
! style="width:20%;"|Film<br />
! style="width:30%;"|Award Ceremony<br />
! style="width:29%;"|Category<br />
! style="width:15%;"|Result<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2019<br />
| rowspan="2"| ''[[Qismat]]''<br />
| rowspan="2"|Brit Asia TV Awards<br />
| Best supporting actress<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best debut performance<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.spotboye.com/pollywood/pollywood-news/britasia-tv-punjabi-film-awards-2019-gippy-grewal-and-sonam-bajwa-win-big-winners-list-out/5ca1d34e36a9912bb17a5027 |title=BritAsia TV Punjabi Film Awards 2019: Gippy Grewal and Sonam Bajwa win big, winners list out! |last=Das |first=Kristina |date=2 April 2019 |website=spotboye.com |language=en-US |access-date=28 April 2019}}</ref><br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|<br />
| rowspan="3" | ''[[Qismat 2]]''<br />
| 'PTC Punjabi Film Awards'<br />
| Promising Star of the Year for ''Qismat 2'' <br />
| {{won}}<br />
|- <br />
| The Iconic Punjabi Award<br />
| Most Versatile Actress Award <ref>https://www.mid-day.com/buzz/article/actress-tania-honoured-with-most-versatile-actress-award-at-the-iconic-punjabi-awards-2025-in-dubai-5060</ref><ref>https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/tania-pollywood-actor-punjabi-films-7829762/</ref><br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|10406540}}<br />
* {{Instagram|taniazworld}}<br />
* {{Facebook|taniazworld}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1993 births]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Jamshedpur]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Amritsar]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Punjabi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Guru Nanak Dev University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shaitaan_(2024_film)&diff=534354Shaitaan (2024 film)2026-04-24T16:58:23Z<p>Rockybhai3: Made New Pg From Scratch</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|2024 Indian film by Vikas Bahl}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Shaitaan<br />
| image = Shaitaan 2024 film theatrical poster.jpeg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Vikas Bahl]]<br />
| producer = {{ubl | [[Ajay Devgn]] | Vikas Bahl | [[Jyoti Deshpande]] | [[Abhishek Pathak]] | Kumar Mangat Pathak}}<br />
| story = [[Krishnadev Yagnik]]<br />
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Vash (film)|Vash]]''|Krishnadev Yagnik}}<br />
| writer = [[Aamil Keeyan Khan]]<br />
| starring = {{ubl | Ajay Devgn | [[R. Madhavan]] | [[Jyothika]] | [[Janki Bodiwala]] | Anngad Raaj}}<br />
| cinematography = [[Sudhakar Reddy Yakkanti]]<br />
| editing = Sandeep Francis<br />
| music = [[Amit Trivedi]]<br />
| studio = {{ubl | [[Jio Studios]] | [[Devgn Films]] | [[Panorama Studios]]}}<br />
| distributor = Panorama Studios<br />
| released = {{film date|df=y|2024|03|08}}<br />
| runtime = 132 minutes<ref>{{Cite news |title=CBFC grants U/A certificate to Ajay Devgn-starrer Shaitaan while the original version Vash was passed with an 'A' certificate, that too with 8 cuts |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/cbfc-grants-u-certificate-ajay-devgn-starrer-shaitaan-original-version-vash-passed-certificate-8-cuts/ |date=5 March 2024 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=5 March 2024 |archive-date=5 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305042059/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/cbfc-grants-u-certificate-ajay-devgn-starrer-shaitaan-original-version-vash-passed-certificate-8-cuts/ |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| budget = {{INR|60-65 crore}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2024 |title=Shaitaan Salaries: Ajay Devgn charged Rs 25 crore – Know how much R Madhavan and others took home for the film |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/shaitaan-salaries-ajay-devgn-charged-rs-25-crore-know-how-much-r-madhavan-and-others-took-home-for-the-film/3419754/ |access-date=9 March 2024 |website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |language=en |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309173512/https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/shaitaan-salaries-ajay-devgn-charged-rs-25-crore-know-how-much-r-madhavan-and-others-took-home-for-the-film/3419754/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2024 |title=Shaitaan Movie Fees: Ajay Devgn, R Madhavan And Others Charged This Much For The Movie |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/shaitaan-movie-ajay-devgn-r-madhavan-fees-salaries-jyothika-629460.html |access-date=9 March 2024 |website=[[Indiatimes]] |language=en-IN |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309173702/https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/shaitaan-movie-ajay-devgn-r-madhavan-fees-salaries-jyothika-629460.html |url-status=live}}</ref><!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--><br />
| gross = {{INR|211.06}} crore<ref name="bo">{{Cite web |title=Shaitaan Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/shaitaan/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=10 April 2024 |access-date=9 March 2024 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309113452/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/shaitaan/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Shaitaan''''' ({{Translation|Devil}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[supernatural horror|supernatural]] [[psychological horror]] film directed by [[Vikas Bahl]] and produced by [[Devgn Films]], [[Jio Studios]], and [[Panorama Studios]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ajay Devgn teams up with Super 30 director Vikas Bahl for a supernatural thriller |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ajay-devgn-teams-super-30-director-vikas-bahl-supernatural-thriller-deets-inside/ |access-date=26 January 2024 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=12 May 2023 |archive-date=26 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126070713/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ajay-devgn-teams-super-30-director-vikas-bahl-supernatural-thriller-deets-inside/ |url-status=live}}</ref> It stars [[Ajay Devgn]], [[R. Madhavan]], [[Jyothika]], [[Janki Bodiwala]], and Anngad Raaj.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Shaitaan Teaser: Ajay Devgn, Jyotika And Madhavan Tangled In A Spookfest |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/shaitaan-teaser-to-a-terrified-ajay-devgn-r-madhavan-declares-you-must-not-be-tempted-4928317 |access-date=25 January 2024 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |archive-date=25 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125152852/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/shaitaan-teaser-to-a-terrified-ajay-devgn-r-madhavan-declares-you-must-not-be-tempted-4928317 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia.2023.05.15">{{Cite news |title=Mystery Solved: Jyotika will play Ajay Devgn's wife and Janki Bodiwala their daughter in 'Vash' remake |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |first1=Vickey |last1=Lalwani |date=15 May 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/mystery-solved-jyotika-will-play-ajay-devgns-wife-and-janki-bodiwala-their-daughter-in-vash-remake-exclusive/articleshow/100246260.cms |access-date=26 January 2024 |archive-date=18 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518024011/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/mystery-solved-jyotika-will-play-ajay-devgns-wife-and-janki-bodiwala-their-daughter-in-vash-remake-exclusive/articleshow/100246260.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
An adaptation of the 2023 [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati film]] ''[[Vash (film)|Vash]]'' which also starred Bodiwala, ''Shaitaan'' revolves around a family which finds trouble when their daughter falls under the spell of [[black magic]] cast by a stranger, and they set out to stop the possession and uncover the stranger's motives. The film was officially announced in May 2023, and was entirely shot within the next three months in [[Dehradun]] and London.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Makers Of Ajay Devgn-Led 'Vash' Remake STOPPED The Film From Going Public On Internet |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/makers-of-ajay-devgn-led-vash-remake-stopped-the-film-from-going-public-on-internet-exclusive/articleshow/100381277.cms |access-date=26 January 2024 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 May 2023 |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128225319/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/makers-of-ajay-devgn-led-vash-remake-stopped-the-film-from-going-public-on-internet-exclusive/articleshow/100381277.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> This is Jyothika's comeback to [[Hindi cinema|Bollywood]] since her debut film ''[[Doli Saja Ke Rakhna]]'' (1998).<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
''Shaitaan'' was theatrically released on 8 March 2024, coinciding with [[Maha Shivaratri]], to positive reviews from critics, with particular praise going towards the performances of Devgn, Madhavan and Bodiwala. Grossing {{INR}}211.06 crore worldwide on an estimated budget of {{INR}}60-65 crore, the film ranks as the [[List of Hindi films of 2024|fifth highest-grossing Hindi film of 2024]].<ref name="bo" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/trends/shaitaan-box-office-collection-day-10-ajay-devgn-madhavan-s-2024-supernatural-movie-mints-rs-233-crore-worldwide-11710726721016.html |title=Shaitaan Box Office Collection Day 10: ₹133 crore worldwide |date=18 March 2024 |access-date=18 March 2024 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318071928/https://www.livemint.com/news/trends/shaitaan-box-office-collection-day-10-ajay-devgn-madhavan-s-2024-supernatural-movie-mints-rs-233-crore-worldwide-11710726721016.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> A sequel is in the scripting stage.<ref>{{Cite web |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=8 August 2024 |title=After Shaitaan success, Ajay Devgn gears up for its sequel, announcement soon |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/after-shaitaan-success-ajay-devgn-gears-up-for-its-sequel-shaitaan-2-announcement-to-be-made-soon-2024-08-08-945847 |access-date=12 August 2024 |publisher=[[India TV]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Kabir Rishi, a devoted family man and successful chartered accountant from [[Dehradun]], is looking forward to a much-needed vacation with his wife, Jyoti, and their children, Janhvi and Dhruv. Seeking peace and bonding time, the Rishi family heads to their remote farmhouse nestled in the wilderness. The atmosphere is serene, and the family begins to settle into the calm surroundings.<br />
<br />
Their tranquility is disrupted when they encounter Vanraj Kashyap, a charismatic yet enigmatic traveler who appears stranded nearby. Vanraj offers assistance and strikes up a conversation, quickly gaining the family's trust. Despite initial hesitation, Kabir allows Vanraj into their home, seeing no reason to suspect ill intent.<br />
<br />
However, the family's sense of security unravels when Janhvi begins exhibiting disturbing behavior. She becomes distant, aggressive, and alarmingly violent, particularly towards her younger brother, Dhruv. Jyoti and Kabir are horrified, unable to understand the sudden transformation in their daughter. They soon discover the terrifying truth: Vanraj is not an ordinary man, but a powerful demon who is a practitioner of ancient [[black magic]], capable of hypnotic manipulation.<br />
<br />
Vanraj reveals his plan—to use Janhvi as a vessel to spread his twisted philosophy of stripping humanity of free will. As his control over Janhvi intensifies, he isolates the Rishi family by destroying their communication devices and turning their own daughter against them. A desperate attempt to call the police ends in failure, as Vanraj threatens Janhvi's life and uses her as a puppet to enforce his dominance.<br />
<br />
Pushed to the brink, Kabir and Jyoti are forced to surrender Janhvi to Vanraj. But Kabir refuses to give up. Driven by a father's love and fierce determination, he embarks on a perilous journey to track Vanraj's whereabouts. He eventually discovers a hidden ritual chamber deep in the forest, where Vanraj is preparing dozens of hypnotized young girls, including Janhvi, for a horrific mass possession ceremony.<br />
<br />
In a climactic confrontation, Kabir fights Vanraj in a brutal and emotionally charged showdown. Realizing that Vanraj's power lies in his voice and the incantations he chants, Kabir seizes the opportunity to silence him permanently. In a decisive act, Kabir cuts off Vanraj's tongue, severing his control over Janhvi and the other girls. The spell is broken by him playing a piece of doctored audio using Vanraj's statements recorded and mixed together earlier, and the children are freed.<br />
<br />
A year later, the Rishi family appears to have resumed their normal life, though the scars of their trauma remain. In a chilling final scene, Kabir is seen visiting a heavily secured underground chamber where Vanraj now mute and powerless is imprisoned. Kabir coldly reminds Vanraj that true strength lies not in the ability to control others, but in the power of love, sacrifice, and a parent's unbreakable will to protect.<br />
<br />
Despite his defeat, Vanraj's eyes gleam with quiet fury, hinting that his dark presence may return one day.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
* [[Ajay Devgn]] as Kabir Rishi<br />
* [[R. Madhavan]] as Vanraj Kashyap<br />
* [[Jyothika]] as Jyoti Rishi<br />
* [[Janki Bodiwala]] as Jahnvi Rishi<br />
* Anngad Raaj as Dhruv Rishi<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
<br />
===Development===<br />
Hindi remake of the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] horror film ''[[Vash (film)|Vash]]'' (2023) was announced in May 2023 with [[Ajay Devgn]] in the lead role, to be directed by [[Vikas Bahl]], while the title ''Shaitaan'' was confirmed in January 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 May 2023 |title=Ajay Devgn to star in 'Vash' remake: Vikas Bahl will direct- Exclusive |language=en |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ajay-devgn-to-star-in-vash-remake-vikas-bahl-will-direct-exclusive/articleshow/100188748.cms |access-date=13 May 2023 |archive-date=27 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127202204/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ajay-devgn-to-star-in-vash-remake-vikas-bahl-will-direct-exclusive/articleshow/100188748.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> [[R. Madhavan]] was cast as the antagonist and [[Jyothika]] as Devgn's wife,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/trends/watch-shaitaan-teaser-r-madhavan-s-voice-kills-it-as-ajay-devgn-jyotika-star-in-horror-thriller-netizens-react-11706164960301.html |title=Watch Shaitaan Teaser: R Madhavan's voice 'kills' it in horror thriller |first1=Sounak |last1=Mukhopadhyay |date=25 January 2024 |newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |access-date=28 January 2024 |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128155025/https://www.livemint.com/news/trends/watch-shaitaan-teaser-r-madhavan-s-voice-kills-it-as-ajay-devgn-jyotika-star-in-horror-thriller-netizens-react-11706164960301.html |url-status=live}}</ref> both having previously starred in ''[[Dumm Dumm Dumm]]'' (2001), ''[[Priyamaana Thozhi]]'' (2003), and ''[[Magalir Mattum (2017 film)|Magalir Mattum]]'' (2017), along with Jyothika's return to Hindi films after 25 years. Janki Bodiwala and Anngad Raaj were signed to play the children; the former reprises her role from ''Vash''. It marks Bodiwala's debut in [[Hindi cinema]].<ref name="timesofindia.2023.05.15" /><br />
<br />
===Filming===<br />
The film was shot in London, [[Mumbai]] and [[Mussoorie]] with filming taking place from June 2023 to September 2023.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=13 May 2023 |title=Ajay Devgn and R Madhavan team up for Vikas Bahl's next supernatural thriller |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ajay-devgn-r-madhavan-team-vikas-bahls-next-supernatural-thriller/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 May 2023 |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128225335/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/wp-content/themes/bh-theme/page-templates/load_news_detail.php |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The music of the film is composed by [[Amit Trivedi]] and the lyrics are written by [[Kumaar]]. The first single titled "Khushiyaan Bator Lo" was released on 15 February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaitaan first song 'Khushiyaan Bator Lo' will make you want to take a long drive with family. Watch |date=15 February 2024 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shaitaan-first-song-khushiyaan-bator-lo-will-make-you-want-to-take-a-long-drive-with-family-watch-9162861/ |access-date=23 February 2024 |archive-date=23 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223063021/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shaitaan-first-song-khushiyaan-bator-lo-will-make-you-want-to-take-a-long-drive-with-family-watch-9162861/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The second single titled "Aisa Main Shaitaan" was released on 29 February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The song 'Aisa Main Shaitaan' is an electrifying experience with lyrics penned by Kumaar and rap delivered by Raftaar, all set to the composition of Amit Trivedi. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/shaitaan-song-aisa-main-shaitaan/videoshow/108098163.cms |access-date=29 February 2024 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229110938/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/shaitaan-song-aisa-main-shaitaan/videoshow/108098163.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> The third single "Shaitaan Theme" was released on 8 March 2024. The fourth single "Papa Tu Hai Naa" was released on 2 April 2024 after release.<br />
<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Shaitaan <br />
| type = soundtrack<br />
| artist =[[Amit Trivedi]]<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = {{start date|2024|04|04|df=y}}<br />
| recorded = 2023–2024<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio = <br />
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 13:10<br />
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br />
| label = Panorama Music <br />
| misc = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| total_length = 13:10<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| all_lyrics = [[Kumaar]]<br />
| all_music = [[Amit Trivedi]]<br />
| title1 = Shaitaan Theme<br />
| length1 = 2:34<br />
| extra1 = [[Siddharth Basrur]]<br />
| title2 = Aisa Main Shaitaan<br />
| length2 = 2:58<br />
| extra2 = [[Raftaar]]<br />
| title3 = Khushiyaan Bator Lo<br />
| length3 = 3:32<br />
| extra3 = [[Jubin Nautiyal]]<br />
| title4 = Papa Tu Hai Na<br />
| length4 = 4:06<br />
| extra4 = Sireesha Bhagavatula<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
=== Theatrical ===<br />
Shaitaan was theatrically released on 8 March 2024, coinciding with [[Maha Shivaratri]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=19 January 2024 |title=Ajay Devgn, R Madhavan, Jyotika's next titled 'Shaitaan'. Release date out |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ajay-devgn-r-madhavan-jyotika-next-titled-shaitaan-release-date-out-2490733-2024-01-19 |website=India Today |date=19 January 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Home media ===<br />
The film premiered on [[Netflix]] on 1 May 2024.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=3 May 2024 |title=Ajay Devgn, R Madhavan's 'Shaitaan' to stream on OTT from May 4 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ajay-devgn-r-madhavan-jyotika-shaitaan-to-stream-on-netflix-may-4-2534918-2024-05-03 |website=India Today |date=3 May 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
=== Box office ===<br />
''Shaitaan'' grossed {{INRConvert|1.78|b}} in India and a further {{INRConvert|331|m}} in overseas markets, for a worldwide total of {{INRConvert|2.11|b}}.<ref name="bo" /><br />
<br />
=== Critical response ===<br />
''Shaitaan'' received positive reviews from critics, with particular praise going towards the performances of Devgn, Madhavan and Bodiwala.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ajay Devgn's 'Shaitaan' debuts on OTT! Here's where you can stream the spine-chilling film |url=http://economictimes.com/magazines/panache/ajay-devgns-shaitaan-debuts-on-ott-heres-where-you-can-stream-the-spine-chilling-film/amp_articleshow/109842571.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250206090131/https://m.economictimes.com/magazines/panache/ajay-devgns-shaitaan-debuts-on-ott-heres-where-you-can-stream-the-spine-chilling-film/amp_articleshow/109842571.cms |archive-date=6 February 2025 |access-date=4 February 2025 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |quote=Critics lauded the film, particularly praising the acting prowess of Ajay Devgn and R Madhavan.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Before Shaitaan's Success, Vikas Bahl Faced Huge Box Office Failure With This Big Budget Movie |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/before-shaitaans-success-vikas-bahl-faced-huge-box-office-failure-with-this-big-budget-movie-8828250.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250206173407/https://www.news18.com/amp/movies/before-shaitaans-success-vikas-bahl-faced-huge-box-office-failure-with-this-big-budget-movie-8828250.html |archive-date=6 February 2025 |access-date=6 February 2025 |work=[[News18 India]] |quote=The movie has also received rave reviews from critics, with Madhavan and Janki Bodiwala’s performances singled out for praise.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Shaitaan Box Office Day 5: Ajay Devgn-R Madhavan Film Mints Rs 6.5 Crore |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/shaitaan-box-office-day-5-ajay-devgn-r-madhavan-film-mints-rs-6-5-crore-8813824.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250206173723/https://www.news18.com/amp/movies/shaitaan-box-office-day-5-ajay-devgn-r-madhavan-film-mints-rs-6-5-crore-8813824.html |archive-date=6 February 2025 |access-date=6 February 2025 |work=[[News18 India]] |quote=Receiving a lot of praise from movie goers and critics alike, this Vikas Bahl directed supernatural thriller, which deals with black magic has cast its spell on the box office as well.}}</ref><br />
{{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=40|count=15|average=5.3|consensus=|ref=yes |access-date=9 March 2024}}<br />
<br />
''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave 4/5 stars and wrote "''Shaitaan'' is a nail-biting thriller laced with superlative performances and clapworthy climax that keeps you engaged".<ref>{{cite web |author1=Bollywood Hungama News Network |title=Shaitaan Movie Review |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/shaitaan/critic-review/shaitaan-movie-review/shaitaan-is-a-nail-biting-thriller-laced-with-superlative-performances/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=9 March 2024 |access-date=9 March 2024 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309141956/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/shaitaan/critic-review/shaitaan-movie-review/shaitaan-is-a-nail-biting-thriller-laced-with-superlative-performances/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Dhaval Roy of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 3.5/5 and wrote "Even though&nbsp;Shaitaan’s narrative stumbles at times, the masterful use of atmosphere and top-notch acting elevate it into an unsettling experience worth having".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shaitaan Movie Review: Grips With A Sinister Atmosphere And Stellar Performances |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/shaitaan/movie-review/108314476.cms |date=8 March 2023 |access-date=21 April 2024 |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421021954/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/shaitaan/movie-review/108314476.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sana Farzeen of ''[[India Today]]'' gave the film 2.5/5 and wrote "''Shaitaan'' falls short, probably cursed by a weak script and the pressure of helming a remake".<ref>{{Cite web |title='Shaitaan' Review: Ajay Devgn-R Madhavan's film is cursed by a weak script |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/shaitaan-review-ajay-devgn-r-madhavan-jyotika-supernatural-thriller-weak-script-2512140-2024-03-08 |date=8 March 2024 |website=India Today |access-date=11 March 2024 |archive-date=12 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312025157/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/shaitaan-review-ajay-devgn-r-madhavan-jyotika-supernatural-thriller-weak-script-2512140-2024-03-08 |url-status=live}}</ref> Lachmi Deb Roy of ''[[Firstpost]]'' rated 2.5 out of 5 and opined "''Shaitaan'' could have been a good supernatural thriller, which we haven’t seen much in Hindi cinema of late, but it turned out to be a complete mess in the process of depicting the war of good vs evil. It’s a poorly made remake and the story is just not believable. Making the hero win at the end makes the film just too predictable".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Lachmi Deb |title=Ajay Devgn's Shaitaan Movie Review: R Madhavan tries hard to save a bonkers black magic thriller |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ajay-devgn-r-madhavans-shaitaan-movie-review-black-magic-thriller-gone-completely-bonkers-13746186.html |work=[[Firstpost]] |date=8 March 2024 |access-date=12 March 2024 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309141515/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ajay-devgn-r-madhavans-shaitaan-movie-review-black-magic-thriller-gone-completely-bonkers-13746186.html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' gave the film 1.5/5 and wrote "Jyothika is the only one in the cast who is able to rise a bit above the sheer absurdity of the proceedings. The two male characters and the actors playing them don't stand a chance".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaitaan Review: Nothing More Scary Here Than The Fluffy Film Itself |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/shaitaan-review-nothing-more-scary-here-than-the-fluffy-film-itself-1-5-star-5199586 |website=NDTV.com |date=8 March 2024 |access-date=11 March 2024 |archive-date=11 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311173245/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/shaitaan-review-nothing-more-scary-here-than-the-fluffy-film-itself-1-5-star-5199586 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Spin-off ==<br />
A spinoff titled ''[[Maa (2025 film)|Maa]]'' starring [[Kajol]] was released on 27 June 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kajol hints at Ajay Devgn's Shaitaan Universe expansion with Maa {{!}} Surprise announcement inside |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/kajol-hints-at-ajay-devgns-shaitaan-universe-expansion-with-maa-surprise-announcement-inside/14f29ec9e9805 |access-date=30 May 2025 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Accolades ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Award<br />
!Category<br />
!Nominee/Work<br />
!Result<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" |2025<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[25th IIFA Awards]]<br />
|[[IIFA Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br />
|''Shaitaan''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awasthi |first=Pragati |date=7 March 2025 |title=IIFA Awards 2025: Date, time, host, venue, nominees list and more |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/iifa-awards-2025-date-time-host-venue-nominees-list-and-more-8831806 |access-date=11 March 2025 |website=Wion |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IIFA Awards 2025: Laapataa Ladies Sweeps 10 Awards. Kartik Aaryan Named Best Actor. Check Full List Of Winners |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/iifa-awards-2025-laapataa-ladies-sweeps-with-10-awards-kartik-aaryan-named-best-actor-check-full-list-of-winners-7888397 |access-date=11 March 2025 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]<br />
|[[Janki Bodiwala]]<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role|Best Performance in a Negative Role]]<br />
|[[R. Madhavan]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Showsha Reel Awards 2025<br />
|Best Supporting Actress – Popular Choice<br />
|[[Jyothika]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/videos/movies/jyothika-wins-best-supporting-actress-popular-choice-for-srikanth-at-showsha-reel-awards-2025-9268973.html | title=Jyothika Wins Best Supporting Actress (Popular Choice) for 'Srikanth' at Showsha Reel Awards 2025 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|[[70th Filmfare Awards]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]<br />
|[[Janki Bodiwala]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|rowspan="3"|<ref>{{cite news |title=Nominations for The 70th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2025 With Gujarat Tourism: Full List Out<br />
|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-70th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2025-with-gujarat-tourism-full-list-out-78037.html|date=26 September 2025|website=Filmfare}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]<br />
|[[R. Madhavan]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Adapted Screenplay<br />
|Aamil Keeyan Khan<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|27744786}}<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes | shaitaan_2024 }}<br />
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|id=shaitaan}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2024 films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 horror films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2020s supernatural horror films]]<br />
[[Category:Body horror films]]<br />
[[Category:Films produced by Ajay Devgn]]<br />
[[Category:Films about spirit possession]]<br />
[[Category:Films about vacationing]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in London]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Mussoorie]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language horror films]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Gujarati films]]<br />
[[Category:Horror film remakes]]<br />
[[Category:Indian supernatural horror films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about hypnosis]]<br />
[[Category:Jio Studios films]]<br />
[[Category:Devgn Films films]]<br />
[[Category:Panorama Studios films]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=India_at_the_2022_Asian_Para_Games&diff=503927India at the 2022 Asian Para Games2026-04-20T18:38:03Z<p>Rockybhai3: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox country at games<br />
|NPC = IND<br />
|NPCname = [[Paralympic Committee of India]]<br />
|year = 2022<br />
| date = 22–28 October 2023<br />
|games = Asian Para Games<br />
|location = [[2022 Asian Para Games|Hangzhou]], China<br />
|competitors_men=196|competitors_women=113<br />
|sports = 17 <br />
|flagbearer_open=[[Amit Kumar Saroha]]<br>[[Parul Parmar]]<br />
|flagbearer_close=TBD<br />
|gold = 27<br />
|silver = 32<br />
|bronze = 49<br />
|rank = 6<br />
| appearances = auto<br />
| winterappearances = <br />
| youthappearances = <br />
| seealso = <br />
}}<br />
India competed at the [[2022 Asian Para Games]] in [[Hangzhou]], [[Zhejiang]], [[China]], from 22 October 2023 to 28 October 2023. <br />
Due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]] cases rising in China the event was postponed and rescheduled to October 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Games postponed |url=https://ocasia.org/news/2987-oca-press-release-on-hangzhou-asian-games-2022-and-shantou-asian-youth-games-2021.html |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=ocasia.org |archive-date=6 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506075830/https://ocasia.org/news/2987-oca-press-release-on-hangzhou-asian-games-2022-and-shantou-asian-youth-games-2021.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Release |first=Press |date=2023-02-06 |title=Para athletes open season at Tunis GP; eye APG and Worlds qualification |url=https://thebridge.in/para-sports/para-athletes-open-season-tunis-gp-eye-apg-worlds-qualification-39395 |access-date=2023-04-03 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
India had its best ever medal haul beating the [[India at the 2018 Asian Para Games|previous best medal haul]] of 72 achieved at the [[2018 Asian Para Games]], crossing the 100 medal mark for the first time in history.<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 October 2023|title=India create history in Asian Para Games 2023, end campaign with record-medal haul|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/india-create-history-in-asian-para-games-2023-end-campaign-with-record-medal-haul-101698487870156.html|access-date=28 October 2023|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Competitors==<br />
List of sports and numbers of athletes that participated at the 2022 Asian Para Games:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Deepanshu |date=2023-10-17 |title=Asian Para Games 2023: Full list of Indian para-athletes |url=https://thebridge.in/asian-para-games/full-list-303-indian-para-athletes-44423 |access-date=2023-10-18 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian contingent for the 2022 Asian Para Games |url=http://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2023/oct/doc20231017262001.pdf |access-date=2023-10-18 |website=Press Information Bureau}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"style="text-align:center;"<br />
|+<br />
! Sport<br />
! Men<br />
! Women<br />
! Total<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Archery at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Archery]]<br />
|8<br />
|5<br />
|13<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]<br />
|88<br />
|35<br />
|123<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Badminton]]<br />
|17<br />
|12<br />
|29<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Football 5-a-side at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Blind Football]]<br />
|8<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|8<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Boccia at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Boccia]]<br />
|2<br />
|2<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Canoeing at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Canoeing]]<br />
|5<br />
|5<br />
|10<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Chess at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Chess]]<br />
|9<br />
|9<br />
|18<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Cycling at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Cycling]]<br />
|5<br />
|2<br />
|7<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Judo at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Judo]]<br />
|4<br />
|6<br />
|10<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Lawn bowls at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Lawn bowls]]<br />
|6<br />
|6<br />
|12<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Powerlifting at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Powerlifting]]<br />
|6<br />
|9<br />
|15<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Rowing at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Rowing]]<br />
|1<br />
|1<br />
|2<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Shooting at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Shooting]]<br />
|10<br />
|5<br />
|15<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Swimming at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Swimming]]<br />
|10<br />
|3<br />
|13<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Table tennis at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Table tennis]]<br />
|8<br />
|5<br />
|13<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Taekwondo at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Taekwondo]]<br />
|2<br />
|3<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Wheelchair fencing at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Wheelchair fencing]]<br />
|5<br />
|5<br />
|10<br />
|-<br />
!Total<br />
!196<br />
!113<br />
!309<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Medals summary ==<br />
=== Doping ===<br />
After [[Neeraj Yadav (para-athlete)]] failed in doping test, india lose 2 gold medals.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-11-18 |title=Asian Para Games gold medallist Neeraj Yadav fails dope test; India may lose two gold medals from Hangzhou 2022 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/athletics/neeraj-yadav-fails-dope-test-asian-para-games-2022-javelin-gold-medallist-india-medal-tally-hangzhou/article67547963.ece |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://www.sportskeeda.com/sports/news-para-athlete-neeraj-yadav-tests-positive-doping-india-likely-lose-two-medals-asian-para-games-2022</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-18 |title=Neeraj Yadav fails dope test, India may lose two gold and drop one spot in Asian Para Games table |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/asian-para-games-gold-medallist-neeraj-yadav-fails-dope-test/articleshow/105316471.cms |access-date=2024-10-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Medals by sport===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible"style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=5|Medals by sport<br />
|-<br />
!'''Sport'''<br />
!style="background-color:gold;"|'''Gold '''<br />
!style="background-color:silver;"|'''Silver '''<br />
!style="background-color:#c96;"| '''Bronze '''<br />
!'''Total'''<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[File:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]] [[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]<br />
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |17<br />
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |18<br />
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |18<br />
|'''53'''<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[File:Badminton pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]] [[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Badminton]]<br />
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |4<br />
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |4<br />
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |13<br />
|'''21'''<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[File:Archery pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]] [[Archery at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Archery]]<br />
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |2<br />
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |3<br />
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |2<br />
|'''7'''<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[File:Shooting pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]] [[Shooting at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Shooting]]<br />
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |2<br />
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |2<br />
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |2<br />
|'''6'''<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[File:Chess pictogram.svg|25px]] [[Chess at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Chess]]<br />
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |2<br />
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |1<br />
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |5<br />
|'''8'''<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[File:Paracanoe pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]] [[Canoeing at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Paracanoe]]<br />
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |1<br />
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |1<br />
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |2<br />
|'''4'''<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[File:Powerlifting pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]] [[Powerlifting at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Powerlifting]]<br />
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |0<br />
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |1<br />
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |2<br />
|'''3'''<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[File:Judo pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]] [[Judo at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Judo]]<br />
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |0<br />
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |1<br />
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |1<br />
|'''2'''<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[File:Rowing pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]] [[Rowing at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Rowing]]<br />
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |0<br />
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |1<br />
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |0<br />
|'''1'''<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[File:Table tennis pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]] [[Table tennis at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Table tennis]]<br />
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |0<br />
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |0<br />
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |2<br />
|'''2'''<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[File:Swimming pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]] [[Swimming at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Swimming]]<br />
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |0<br />
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |0<br />
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |1<br />
|'''1'''<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[File:Taekwondo pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]] [[Taekwondo at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Taekwondo]]<br />
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |0<br />
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |0<br />
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |1<br />
|'''1'''<br />
|-<br />
!Total<br />
!style="background:gold;"|28<br />
!style="background:silver;"|32<br />
!style="background:#c96;"|49<br />
!109<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Medals by gender ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=5|Medals by gender<br />
|-<br />
!'''Gender'''<br />
!style="background-color:gold;"|'''Gold '''<br />
!style="background-color:silver;"|'''Silver '''<br />
!style="background-color:#c96;"| '''Bronze '''<br />
!'''Total'''<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:left;"|Male<br />
|style="background:#F7F6A8"|18<br />
|style="background:#DCE5E5"|20<br />
|style="background:#FFDAB9"|31<br />
|'''69'''<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:left;"|female<br />
|style="background:#F7F6A8"|7<br />
|style="background:#DCE5E5"|9<br />
|style="background:#FFDAB9"|17<br />
|'''33'''<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:left;"|Mixed/Open<br />
|style="background:#F7F6A8"|2<br />
|style="background:#DCE5E5"|2<br />
|style="background:#FFDAB9"|3<br />
|'''7'''<br />
|-<br />
!Total<br />
!style="background:gold;"|28<br />
!style="background:silver;"|32<br />
!style="background:#c96;"|49<br />
!109<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Medals by day ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="6" | '''Medals by date'''<br />
|-<br />
| '''Day'''<br />
| '''Date'''<br />
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" |[[File:Gold medal icon.svg]]<br />
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" |[[File:Silver medal icon.svg]]<br />
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" |[[File:Bronze medal icon.svg]]<br />
| '''Total'''<br />
|-<br />
| Day 1<br />
| 23 Oct<br />
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" |6<br />
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" |6<br />
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" |5<br />
| '''17'''<br />
|-<br />
| Day 2<br />
| 24 Oct<br />
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" |3<br />
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" |6<br />
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" |7<br />
| '''16'''<br />
|-<br />
| Day 3<br />
| 25 Oct<br />
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" |6<br />
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" |8<br />
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" |15<br />
| '''29'''<br />
|-<br />
| Day 4<br />
| 26 Oct<br />
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" |3<br />
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" |3<br />
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" |13<br />
| '''19'''<br />
|-<br />
| Day 5<br />
| 27 Oct<br />
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" |7<br />
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" |6<br />
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" |4<br />
| '''17'''<br />
|-<br />
| Day 6<br />
| 28 Oct<br />
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" |3<br />
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" |3<br />
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" |5<br />
| '''12'''<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" | '''Total'''<br />
! style="background:gold;" |'''28'''<br />
! style="background:silver;" |'''32'''<br />
! style="background:#c96;" |'''49'''<br />
! '''109'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Medalists ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size:85%"<br />
|-<br />
!Medal<br />
!Name<br />
!Sport<br />
!Event<br />
!Date<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Pranav Soorma]]<br />
| rowspan="5" |[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]<br />
|Men's Club Throw-F51<br />
| rowspan="6" |23 October<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Shailesh Kumar (para-athlete)|Shailesh Kumar]]<br />
|Men's High Jump-T63<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Nishad Kumar]]<br />
|Men's High Jump-T47<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Ankur Dhama]]<br />
|Men's 5000m-T11<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Praveen Kumar (para-athlete, born 2003)|Praveen Kumar]]<br />
|Men's High Jump-T64<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Avani Lekhara]]<br />
|[[Shooting at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Shooting]]<br />
|Women's 10m AR Stand SH1<br />
|- <br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Prachi Yadav]]<br />
|[[Canoeing at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Canoeing]]<br />
|Women's KL2<br />
| rowspan="3" |24 October <br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Deepthi Jeevanji]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]<br />
|Women's 400m-T20 <br />
|- bgcolor=pink<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Neeraj Yadav (para-athlete)|Neeraj Yadav]]<br />
|Men's Discus Throw-F54/55/56<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Sumit Antil]]<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]<br />
|Men's Javelin Throw Throw-F64<br />
| rowspan="6" |25 October <br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Haney (para athlete)]]<br />
|Men's Javelin Throw Throw-F37/38<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Sundar Singh Gurjar]]<br />
|Men's Javelin Throw Throw-F46<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Ankur Dhama]]<br />
|Men's 1500m-T11<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Rakshitha Raju]]<br />
|Women's 1500m-T11<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Nimisha Chakkungalparambil]]<br />
|Women's Long Jump-T47<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Rakesh Kumar (Paralympian)|Rakesh Kumar]]<br />
[[Sheetal Devi]]<br />
|[[Archery at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Archery]]<br />
|Mixed Team Compound - Open<br />
|rowspan=3|26 October <br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Sidhartha Babu]]<br />
|[[Shooting at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Shooting]]<br />
|Mixed 50m Rifle Prone<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Sachin Sarjerao Khilari]]<br />
|[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]<br />
|Men's Shot Put-F46<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Sheetal Devi]]<br />
|[[Archery at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Archery]]<br />
|Women's Individual Compound - Open<br />
| rowspan="7" |27 October <br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Suhas Lalinakere Yathiraj]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Badminton]]<br />
|Men's Singles SL4<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Pramod Bhagat]]<br />
|Men's Singles SL3<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Thulasimathi Murugesan]]<br />
|Women's Singles SU5<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Tarun Dhillon]]<br>[[Kumar Nitesh|Nitesh Kumar]]<br />
|Men's DOUBLES SL3-SL4<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|Raman Sharma <br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]<br />
|Men's 1500m-T38<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Solairaj Dharmaraj]]<br />
|Men's Long Jump-T64<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Darpan Inani]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Chess at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Chess]]<br />
|Men's Individual Rapid VI-B1<br />
| rowspan="4" |28 October <br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Darpan Inani]]<br />
[[Soundarya Pradhan|Soundarya Kumar Pradhan]]<br />
<br />
[[Ashwin Makwana]]<br />
|Men's Team Rapid VI-B1<br />
|- bgcolor=pink<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Neeraj Yadav (para-athlete)|Neeraj Yadav]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]<br />
|Men's Javelin Throw Throw-F55<br />
|-<br />
|{{Gold medal}}<br />
|[[Dilip Gavit]]<br />
|Men's 400m-T47<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}} <br />
|[[Prachi Yadav]]<br />
|[[Canoeing at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Canoeing]]<br />
|Women's VL2<br />
| rowspan="6" |23 October<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Kapil Parmar]]<br />
|[[Judo at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Judo]]<br />
|Men -60 kg J1<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Rudransh Khandelwal]]<br />
|[[Shooting at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Shooting]] <br />
|Mixed 50m Pistol SH1<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|Dharambeer<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]<br />
|Men's Club Throw-F51<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Rampal Chahar|Ram Pal]]<br />
|Men's High Jump-T47<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Mariyappan Thangavelu]]<br />
|Men's High Jump-T63<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Rudransh Khandelwal]]<br />
|[[Shooting at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Shooting]] <br />
|Men's 10m Air Pistol SH1<br />
| rowspan="6" |24 October<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Simran Sharma]]<br />
| rowspan="5" |[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]<br />
|Women's 100m-T12<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|Ajay Kumar<br />
|Men's 400m-T64<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Yogesh Kathuniya]]<br />
|Men's Discus Throw-F54/55/56<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Ravi Rongali]]<br />
|Men's Shot Put-F40<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|Pramod<br />
|Men's 1500m-T46<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Sheetal Devi]]<br />
[[Sarita Devi (para-archer)|Sarita Devi]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Archery at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Archery]]<br />
|Women's Doubles Compound - Open<br />
| rowspan="7" |25 October <br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Rakesh Kumar (Paralympian)|Rakesh Kumar]] <br />
Suraj Singh<br />
|Men's Doubles Compound - Open<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Zainab Khatoon]]<br />
|[[Powerlifting at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Powerlifting]]<br />
|Women's -61 kg<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Pooja Yadav]]<br />
|rowspan=4|[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]<br />
|Women's Discus Throw-F54/55<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Soman Rana]]<br />
|Men's Shot Put-F57<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Rinku Hooda|Rinku]]<br />
|Men's Javelin Throw Throw-F46<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Lalitha Killaka]]<br />
|Women's 1500m-T11<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Bhagyashree Jadhav]]<br />
|rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]<br />
|Women's Shot Put-F34<br />
|rowspan=3|26 October <br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|Monu Ghanghas <br />
|Men's Discus Throw-F11<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Simran Sharma]]<br />
|Women's 200m-T12<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Rakesh Kumar (Paralympian)|Rakesh Kumar]]<br />
|[[Archery at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Archery]]<br />
|Men's Individual Compound - Open<br />
| rowspan="6" |27 October<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Krishna Nagar (para-badminton)|Krishna Nagar]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Badminton]]<br />
|Men's Singles SH6<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Manasi Girishchandra Joshi|Manasi Joshi]]<br />
[[Thulasimathi Murugesan]]<br />
|Women's Doubles SL3-SU5<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Kumar Nitesh|Nitesh Kumar]]<br />
|Men's Singles SL3<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|Chirag Baretha<br />
Raj Kumar<br />
|Men's Doubles SU5<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|Pradeep Kumar<br />
|[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]<br />
|Men's Javelin Throw Throw-F54<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|[[Soundarya Pradhan|Soundarya Kumar Pradhan]]<br />
|[[Chess at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Chess]]<br />
|Men's Individual Rapid VI-B1<br />
|rowspan=2|October 28<br />
|-<br />
|{{Silver medal}}<br />
|Narayana Konganapalle<br />
[[Anita (para rowing)]]<br />
|[[Rowing at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Rowing]]<br />
|PR3 Mixed Double Sculls<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Kokila Kaushiklate]]<br />
|[[Judo at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Judo]]<br />
|Women -48 kg J2<br />
| rowspan="5" |23 October <br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Aruna Tanwar]]<br />
|[[Taekwondo at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Taekwondo]]<br />
|Women's K44 -47kg<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|Amit Kumar<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]<br />
|Men's Club Throw-F51<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|Unni Renu<br />
|Men's High Jump-T64<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|Monu Ghanghas <br />
|Men's Shot Put-F11<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Manish Kaurav]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Canoeing at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Canoeing]]<br />
|Men's KL3<br />
| rowspan="8" |24 October<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|Gajendra Singh<br />
|Men's VL2<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Manish Narwal]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Shooting at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Shooting]]<br />
|Men's 10m Air Pistol SH1<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Rubina Francis]]<br />
|Women's 10m Air Pistol SH1<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Ekta Bhyan]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]<br />
|Women's Club Throw-F32/51<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|Muthuraja<br />
|Men's Discus Throw-F54/55/56<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|Rakesh Bhaira<br />
|Men's 1500m-T46<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|Ashok<br />
|[[Powerlifting at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Powerlifting]]<br />
|Men's -65 kg<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Harvinder Singh (archer)|Harvinder Singh]]<br />
Sahil<br />
|[[Archery at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Archery]]<br />
|Men's Doubles Recurve - Open <br />
|25 October <br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Vaishnavi Puneyani]]<br />
| rowspan="7" |[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games – Men's singles SU5|Badminton]]<br />
|Women's Singles SL4<br />
| rowspan="16" |25 October<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|Sivarajan Solaimalai<br />
[[Nithya Sre Sivan]]<br />
|Mixed Doubles SH6<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Kumar Nitesh|Nitesh Kumar]]<br />
[[Thulasimathi Murugesan]] <br />
|Mixed Doubles SL3-SU5<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Pramod Bhagat]]<br />
[[Manisha Ramadass]]<br />
|Mixed Doubles SL3-SU5<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Nithya Sre Sivan]]<br />
[[Rachana Patel]]<br />
|Women's doubles SH6<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Mandeep Kaur (para-badminton)|Mandeep Kaur]]<br />
|Women's Singles SL3<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Manasi Girishchandra Joshi|Manasi Joshi]]<br />
|Women's Singles SL3<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Himanshi Rathi]]<br />
|Chess<br />
|Women's Individual Standard VI-B1<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Raj Kumari (para powerlifting)|Raj Kumari]]<br />
|[[Powerlifting at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Powerlifting]]<br />
|Women's -61 kg<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Bhavina Patel]]<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Table tennis at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Table tennis]]<br />
|Women's Singles<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|Sandeep Dangi<br />
|Men's Singles<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|Pushpendra Singh<br />
|rowspan=5|[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]<br />
|Men's Javelin Throw Throw-F64<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|Narayan Thakur <br />
|Men's 200m-T35<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|Shreyansh Trivedi <br />
|Men's 200m-T37<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|Sema Hokato Hotozhe<br />
|Men's Shot Put<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|Ajeet Singh<br />
|Men's Javelin Throw Throw-F46<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|Adil Ansari<br />
Naveen Dalal<br />
|Archery<br />
|Men's Doubles - W1 Open<br />
|rowspan=4|26 October <br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|Narayan Thakur<br />
|rowspan=3|Athletics<br />
|Men's 100m-T35<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|Rohit Kumar<br />
|Men's Shot Put-F46<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|Shreyansh Trivedi<br />
|Men's 100m-T37<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Sukant Kadam]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Badminton]]<br />
|Men's Singles SL4<br />
| rowspan="4" |27 October <br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Krishna Nagar (para-badminton)|Krishna Nagar]]<br />
Shivarajan Solaimalai<br />
|Men's Doubles SH6<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Mandeep Kaur (para-badminton)|Mandeep Kaur]]<br />
[[Manisha Ramadass]] <br />
|Women's Doubles SL3-SU5<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Manisha Ramadass]]<br />
|Women's Singles SU5<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Ashwin Makwana]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Chess at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Chess]]<br />
|Men's Individual Rapid VI-B1<br />
| rowspan="6" |28 October <br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|<br />
|Men's Team Rapid VI-B2/B3<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Himanshi Rathi]], [[Sanskruti More]], [[Vruthi Jain]]<br />
|Women's Team Rapid VI-B1<ref>{{Cite web |title=PM congratulates Himanshi Rathi, Sanskruti More, Vruthi Jain for winning bronze in chess at Asian Para Games |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1972664 |access-date=2023-11-02 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|Kishan Gangoli <br />
|Men's Individual Rapid VI-B2/B3<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Tek Chand]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Athletics]]<br />
|Men's Javelin Throw Throw-F55<br />
|-<br />
|{{Bronze medal}}<br />
|[[Pooja (para athlete)|Pooja]]<br />
|Women's 1500m-T20<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Archery==<br />
{{main|Archery at the 2022 Asian Para Games}}<br />
<br />
=== Men ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="2" |Ranking round<br />
!Round of 32<br />
!Round of 16<br />
!Quarterfinals<br />
!Semifinals<br />
!Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}<br />
! rowspan="2" |Rank<br />
|-<br />
!Score<br />
!Seed<br />
!Opposition<br/>Score<br />
!Opposition<br/>Score<br />
!Opposition<br/>Score<br />
!Opposition<br/>Score<br />
!Opposition<br/>Score<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Adil Ansari (para archer)|Adil Ansari]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|Individual - W1 Open<br />
|609-6x<br />
|7'''Q'''<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Yung Man Tai|Yung]]|HKG|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 131-113<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Mohammadreza Zandi|Zandi]]|IRI|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost'''<br>129-136<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Naveen Dalal]]<br />
|518-1x<br />
|11'''Q'''<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Suphawat Samutchaiyakij|Samutchaiyakij]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 107-129<br />
|colspan=5 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Rakesh Kumar (Paralympian)|Rakesh Kumar]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |Individual Compound - Open<br />
|699-25x<br />
|3'''Q'''<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Wiro Julin|Julin]]|MAS|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 145-138<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Hadi Nori|Nori]]|IRI|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 146-137<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Wu Chung-hung|Wu]]|TPE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 145-142<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Alisina Manshaezadeh|Manshaezadeh]]|IRI|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 144-144 <small>(9-10)</small><br />
|{{silver2}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Shyam Sundar Swami]] <br />
|686-13x<br />
|9<br />
|colspan=6 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Suraj Singh (archer)|Suraj Singh]]<br />
|694-21x<br />
|4'''Q'''<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Sakon Inkaew|Inkaew]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 145-141<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Ken Swagumilang|Swagumilang]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 142-144<br />
|colspan=3 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Harvinder Singh (archer)|Harvinder Singh]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |Individual Recurve - Open<br />
|634-5x<br />
|6<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Khorshed Alom|Alom]]|BAN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 7-1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Suresh Selvathamby|Selvathamby]]|MAS|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 6-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Zhao Lixue|Lixue]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-6<br />
|colspan=3 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Sahil Gautam]]<br />
|582-1x<br />
|17<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Pema Rigsel|Rigsel]]|BHU|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 6-4<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Gholamreza Rahimi|Rahimi]]|IRI|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 2-6<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Dhanna Ram Godara]]<br />
|{{abbr|DNS|Did Not Start}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|colspan=6 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Women ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="2" |Ranking round<br />
!Round of 32<br />
!Round of 16<br />
!Quarterfinals<br />
!Semifinals<br />
!Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}<br />
! rowspan="2" |Rank<br />
|-<br />
!Score<br />
!Seed<br />
!Opposition<br/>Score<br />
!Opposition<br/>Score<br />
!Opposition<br/>Score<br />
!Opposition<br/>Score<br />
!Opposition<br/>Score<br />
|-<br />
|align=left |[[Sheetal Devi]]<br />
|rowspan="3"|Individual Compound - Open<br />
|680-18x<br />
|1'''Q'''<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Chan Yuen Wah|Chan]]|HKG|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 142-128<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Choi Na Mi|Choi]]|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 145-137<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Sarita Devi (para-archer)|Sarita]]|IND|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 143-142<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Nur Syahidah Alim|Syahidah]]|SGP|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 144-142<br />
|{{gold1}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Sarita Devi (para-archer)|Sarita Devi]]<br />
|675-10x<br />
|4'''Q'''<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Nur Jannaton Abdul Jalil|Jalil]]|MAS|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 135-115<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Zhang Lu (archer)|Zhang]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 143-136<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Sheetal Devi|Devi]]|IND|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 142-143<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Lin Yueshan|Lin]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 138-144<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Jyoti Baliyan]]<br />
|664-12x<br />
|9<br />
|colspan=6 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Pooja Jatyan]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Individual Recurve - Open <br />
|604-5x<br />
|3'''Q'''<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Rupali Akter|Akter]]|BAN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 6-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Jangmoon Jo|Jo]]|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 6-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Zahra Nemati|Nemati]]|IRI|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-6<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Wu Chunyan|Chunyan]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 4-6<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Pooja Khanna]]<br />
|541-4x<br />
|16'''Q'''<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Kyzy Adina Samyibek|Samyibek]]|KGZ|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 6-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Zahra Nemati|Nemati]]|IRI|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-6<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Team ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
!Quarterfinals<br />
!Semifinals<br />
!Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}<br />
! rowspan="2" |Rank<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br />Score<br />
!Opposition<br />Score<br />
!Opposition<br />Score<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |[[Adil Ansari (para archer)|Adil Ansari]]<br>[[Naveen Dalal]]<br />
|Men's Doubles - W1 Open<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIOC2team|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 113-133<br />
|{{flagIOC2team|KAZ|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 125-120<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |[[Harvinder Singh (archer)|Harvinder Singh]]<br>[[Sahil Gautam]]<br />
|Men's Doubles - Recurve Open<br />
|{{flagIOC2team|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 5-4<br />
|{{flagIOC2team|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 2-6<br />
|{{flagIOC2team|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 6-0<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |[[Rakesh Kumar (Paralympian)|Rakesh Kumar]]<br>[[Suraj Singh (archer)|Suraj Singh]]<br />
|Men's Doubles - Compound Open<br />
|{{flagIOC2team|PHI|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 158-153<br />
|{{flagIOC2team|TPE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 154-152<br />
|{{flagIOC2team|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 150-155<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |[[Pooja Khanna]]<br>[[Pooja Jatyan]]<br />
|Women's Doubles - Recurve Open<br />
|{{flagIOC2team|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 4-5<br />
|colspan=3 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |[[Sheetal Devi]]<br>[[Sarita Devi (para-archer)|Sarita Devi]]<br />
|Women's Doubles - Compound Open <br />
|{{flagIOC2team|HKG|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 140-118<br />
|{{flagIOC2team|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 154-146<br />
|{{flagIOC2team|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 150-152<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |[[Harvinder Singh (archer)|Harvinder Singh]]<br>[[Pooja Jatyan]]<br />
|Mixed Team - Recurve Open<br />
|{{flagIOC2team|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 2-6<br />
|colspan=3 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |[[Sheetal Devi]]<br>[[Rakesh Kumar (Paralympian)|Rakesh Kumar]]<br />
|Mixed Team - Compound Team<br />
|{{flagIOC2team|KAZ|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 155-141<br />
|{{flagIOC2team|IRI|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 152-150<br />
|{{flagIOC2team|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 151-149<br />
|{{gold01}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Athletics ==<br />
===Track===<br />
;Men<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan="2"|Athlete<br />
!rowspan="2"|Event<br />
! rowspan="2" |Class<br />
! colspan="2" |Heat<br />
!colspan="2"|Final<br />
|-<br />
!Time<br />
!Rank<br />
!Time<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
|align=left |'''[[Narayan Thakur]]'''<br />
| rowspan="11" |[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games – Men's 100 metres|100m]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |T35<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|14.37<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Ravi Kumar (para-athlete)|Ravi Kumar]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|14.74<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Chirag (para-athlete)|Chirag]]<br />
|T36<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|15.51<br />
|6<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|'''[[Shreyansh Trivedi]]'''<br />
|T37<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|25.26<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Manoj Bhaskar]] <br />
| rowspan="3" |T44<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|12.48<br />
|7<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Vijay Kumar (para-athlete)|Vijay Kumar]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|12.34<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Vinay Kumar (para-athlete)|Vinay Kumar]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{abbr|DSQ|Disqualified}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Sheikh Abdul Kadhar<br />
|T47<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|11.31<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Manoj Kumar Sabapathi<br />
|T54<br />
|16.83<br />
|11<br />
|colspan=2|did not advance<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Vijay Kumar <br />
|T63<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Pranav Desai<br />
|T64<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|11.91<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Narayan Thakur<br />
| rowspan="4" |200m<br />
| rowspan="2" |T35<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|29.83<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Ravi Kumar <br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|31.28<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Shreyansh Trivedi<br />
|T37<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|25.26<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Pranav Desai<br />
|T64<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|24.24<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Madan<br />
| rowspan="8" |400m<br />
|T11<br />
|57.56<br />
|2<br />
|colspan=2|Didn't advance<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Mohammad Arif<br />
| rowspan="2" |T12<br />
|55.18<br />
|3'''Q'''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Khodaji Thakor<br />
|1:03.71<br />
|2<br />
|colspan=2|Did not advance<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Dilip Gavit<br />
| rowspan="2" |T47<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Jasbeer<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Ajay Kumar <br />
|rowspan="3"|T64<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|54.85<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Vijay Kumar <br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|Did not finish<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Vinay Kumar Lal<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|55.49<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Ankur Dhama]]<br />
| rowspan="7" |1500m<br />
| rowspan="2" |T11<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|4:27.70<br />
|{{gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Keshavmurthy Gururaju<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|Disqualified<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Sharath Shankarappa<br />
|T13<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|4:13.60<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Raman Sharma (parathlete)|Raman Sharma]]<br />
|T38<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|4:20.80<br />
|{{gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Rakesh Bhaira<br />
| rowspan="3" |T46<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|4:11.09<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Pramod<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|4:09.25<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Sandeep <br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|Did not finish<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Ankur Dhama]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |5000m<br />
|T11<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|16:37.29<br />
|{{gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Sharath Shankarappa]]<br />
|T13<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|20:18.90<br />
|1<br />
|}<br />
;Women<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan="2"|Athlete<br />
!rowspan="2"|Event<br />
! rowspan="2" |Class<br />
! colspan="2" |Heat<br />
!colspan="2"|Final<br />
|-<br />
!Time<br />
!Rank<br />
!Time<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Simran Sharma]]<br />
| rowspan="5" |100m<br />
|T12<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|12.68<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Preeti Pal<br />
|T35<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|15.24<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Devika Malik<br />
|T37<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|17.02<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Jayanti Behera]]<br />
|T47<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|13.66<br />
|8<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Salini Saraswathi<br />
|T64<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|18.53<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Ishwari Nishad<br />
|rowspan="4"|200m<br />
|T11<br />
|35.06<br />
|3<br />
|colspan=2|Didn't advance<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Simran Sharma]]<br />
|T12<br />
|26.00<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|26.12<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Preeti Pal<br />
|T35<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|32.19<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Jayanti Behera]]<br />
|T47<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|27.85<br />
|7<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Lalitha Killaka]]<br />
| rowspan="6" |400m<br />
|T11<br />
|1:06.86<br />
|3<br />
|colspan=2|Didn't advance<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Radha Venkatesh <br />
| rowspan="2" |T12<br />
|1:07.48<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Simran Sharma]]<br />
|colspan=4|DQ<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Deepthi Jeevanji]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |T20<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|56.69<br />
|{{gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Pooja<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|colspan=2|DQ<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Jayanti Behera <br />
|T47<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Rakshitha Raju]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |1500m<br />
|rowspan="2"|T11<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|5:21.45<br />
|{{gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|[[Lalitha Killaka]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|5:48.85<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Radha Venkatesh <br />
|T13<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Field===<br />
;Men<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan="2"|Athlete<br />
!rowspan="2"|Event<br />
! rowspan="2" |Class<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-style="font-size:95%"<br />
! Result <br />
! Rank <br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Ram Pal<br />
| rowspan="8" |High jump<br />
| rowspan="2" |T47<br />
|1.94<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Nishad Kumar]]<br />
|2.02 '''AR'''<br />
|{{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Mariyappan Thangavelu]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |T63<br />
|1.80<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Ramsingh Padhiyar<br />
|1.78<br />
|3<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Shailesh Kumar<br />
|1.82<br />
|{{gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Shyam Injamuri<br />
| rowspan="3" |T64<br />
|1.75<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Unni Renu<br />
|1.95<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Praveen Kumar (para-athlete, born 2003)|Praveen Kumar]]<br />
|2.02 '''GR'''<br />
|{{gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Jagdish Parmar<br />
|rowspan="12"|Long Jump<br />
|T11<br />
|4.81<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Rakesh Bhatt<br />
|rowspan="2"|T37/38<br />
|5.68<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Mukesh<br />
|4.81<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Arjun Singh<br />
|rowspan="3"|T47<br />
|6.38<br />
|7<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Ajay Singh<br />
|6.63<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Vikas<br />
|6.58<br />
|6<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Shailesh Kumar<br />
|rowspan="3"|T63<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Ramsingh Padhiyar<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Mit Patel<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Solairaj Dharmaraj <br />
|rowspan="3"|T64<br />
|6.80'''AR'''<br />
|{{gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Pradeep<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Someswara Rao Ramudri<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Monu Ghanghas <br />
| rowspan="12" |Discus throw<br />
| rowspan="2" |F11<br />
|37.87<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Balaji Rajendran<br />
|27.40<br />
|6<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Rishi Raj Rathore <br />
|F37<br />
|44.13<br />
|7<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Krishnappa Babu<br />
| rowspan="3" |F51/52/53<br />
|Did not start<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Pranav Soorma <br />
|Did not Start<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Dharambir<br />
|Did not start<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Yogesh Kathuniya]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |F54/55/56<br />
|42.13<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Muthuraja<br />
|35.06<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Neeraj Yadav <br />
|38.56<br />
|{{gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Devender Kumar <br />
| rowspan="3" |F64<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Pradeep<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Sourav<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Monu Ghanghas <br />
| rowspan="18" |Shot put<br />
| rowspan="2" |F11<br />
|12.33<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Balaji Rajendran <br />
|11.56<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Sagar<br />
|F12<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Devershee Sachan<br />
|F33<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Manu<br />
| rowspan="2" |F37<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Mayank<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Ravi Rongali<br />
|F40<br />
|9.92<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Ritender<br />
|F41<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Sachin Khilari<br />
| rowspan="3" |F46<br />
|16.03<br />
|{{gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Rohit Kumar<br />
|14.56<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Mohmmad Yasser<br />
|13.84<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Manihas<br />
| rowspan="3" |F55<br />
|9.12<br />
|6<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Muthuraja<br />
|10.42<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Neeraj Yadav<br />
|9.57<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Sema Hotoze<br />
| rowspan="3" |F57<br />
|13.94<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Soman Rana<br />
|14.42<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Virender<br />
|13.48<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Dinesh Chaudhary <br />
|F63<br />
|12.24<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Rishikant Sharma<br />
| rowspan="20" |Javelin throw<br />
| rowspan="2" |F13<br />
|51.77<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Manjeet<br />
|54.43<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Boby <br />
| rowspan="2" |F37/38<br />
|42.23<br />
|6<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Haney<br />
|55.97<br />
|{{gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Navdeep<br />
| rowspan="2" |F41<br />
|40.48<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Ravi Rongali <br />
|32.23<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Ajeet Singh Yadav]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |F46<br />
|63.52<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Sundar Singh Gurjar]]<br />
|68.60 '''WR''' '''AR''' '''GR'''<br />
|{{gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Rinku<br />
|67.08<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Abhishek Chamoli<br />
| rowspan="3" |F54<br />
|colspan=2|NM<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Lakshit<br />
|21.20<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Pradeep Kumar<br />
|25.94<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Manihas<br />
| rowspan="3" |F55<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Neeraj Yadav<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Tek Chand]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Parveen Kumar<br />
| rowspan="2" |F57<br />
|41.31<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Virender<br />
|21.87<br />
|8<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Sandeep<br />
| rowspan="3" |F64<br />
|61.84 '''GR'''<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Pushpendra Singh<br />
|62.06<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Sumit Antil]]<br />
|73.29 '''WR''' '''AR''' '''GR'''<br />
|{{gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Amit Kumar <br />
| rowspan="3" |Club throw <br />
| rowspan="3" |F51<br />
|26.93<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Dharambir<br />
|28.76<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Pranav Soorma]]<br />
|30.01<br />
|{{gold01}}<br />
|}<br />
; Women<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan="2"|Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event <br />
! rowspan="2" |Class<br />
!colspan="2"|Final<br />
|-style="font-size:95%"<br />
! Result <br />
! Rank <br />
|-<br />
|[[Nimisha Chakkungalparambil]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Long jump<br />
| rowspan="2" |T47<br />
|5.15<br />
|{{gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
|Keerti Chauhan <br />
|4.42<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ekta Bhyan]]<br />
|Club throw <br />
|F51<br />
|21.66<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
|Poonam Sharma<br />
| rowspan="2" |Javelin Throw<br />
| rowspan="2" | F56<br />
|14.98<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|Fatima Khatoon<br />
|13.99<br />
|7<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Badminton ==<br />
{{Main|Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games}}<br />
<br />
=== Men ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! rowspan="2" |Seed<br />
! colspan="4" |Group stage<br />
!Round of 16<br />
!Quarterfinals<br />
!Semifinals<br />
!colspan="2"|Final<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Rank<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Prem Kumar Ale]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games – Men's singles WH1|Singles WH1]]<br />
|6<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Shiau-we Dumg|Shiau-we]]|TPE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Manh Giang Hoang|Hoang]]|VIE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Chatchai Kornpeekanok|Kornpeekanok]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|1'''Q'''<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Ramli Muhammad Ikhwan Bin|Ramli]]|MAS|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Shashank Kumar]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Amer Sammour|Sammour]]|SYR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Keita Nishimura|Nishimura]]|JPN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Osamu Nagashima|Nagashima]]|JPN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Abu Hubaida]]<br />
|[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games – Men's singles WH2|Singles WH2]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Noorlan]]|MAS|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Takumi Matsumoto|Matsumoto]]|JPN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Ngoc Binh Truong|Truong]]|VIE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|4<br />
|colspan=5 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|'''[[Pramod Bhagat]]'''<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games – Men's singles SL3|Singles SL3]]<br />
|1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Hsing-chih Huang|Huang]]|TPE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0 <br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Mohamed Abdul Latheef|Latheef]]|MDV|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0 <br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|1'''Q'''<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Xiong Lichuan|Lichaun]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br> '''Won''' 2-0 <br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Mongkhon Bunsun|Bunsun]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br> '''Won''' 2-0 <br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Kumar Nitesh|Nitesh]]|IND|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br> '''Won''' 2-1 <br />
|{{gold1}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Manoj Sarkar]]<br />
|4<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Zeeshan Gohar|Gohar]]|PAK|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br> '''Won''' 2-0 <br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Xiong Lichuan|Lichaun]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br> '''Won''' 2-0 <br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|1'''Q'''<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Mongkhon Bunsun|Bunsun]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br> '''Lost''' 1-2 <br />
|colspan=3 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Kumar Nitesh|Nitesh Kumar]]<br />
|2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Dwiyoko]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Chen Xiaoyu|Xiaoyu]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|1'''Q'''<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Trịnh Anh Tuấn|Anh Tuấn]]|VIE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Daisuke Fujihara|Fujihara]]|JPN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Pramod Bhagat|Bhagat]]|IND|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br> '''Lost''' 1-2 <br />
|{{silver2}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Sukant Kadam]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games – Men's singles SL4|Singles SL4]]<br />
|3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[En-Chuan Yeh|Yeh]]|TPE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Ahmed Fayaz|Fayaz]]|MDV|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|1'''Q'''<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Shin Kyung-hwan|Kyung-hwan]]|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br> '''Won''' 2-1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Mohd Amin Burhanuddin|Burhanuddin]]|MAS|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br> '''Lost''' 1-2 <br />
| {{n/a|''Did not advance''}}<br />
|{{bronze3}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Suhas Lalinakere Yathiraj]]<br />
|5<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Fazheng Fu|Fu]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Shin Kyung-hwan|Kyung-hwan]]|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Shamin Shaharia|Shamin]]|BAN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|1'''Q'''<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Tarun Dhillon|Dhillon]]|IND|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Hikmat Ramdani|Ramdani]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Fredy Setiawan|Setiawan]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Mohd Amin Burhanuddin|Burhanuddin]]|MAS|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-1<br />
|{{gold1}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Tarun Dhillon]]<br />
|2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Mohd Amin Burhanuddin|Burhanuddin]]|MAS|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Gao Yuyang (para-badminton)|Yuyang]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Suhas Lalinakere Yathiraj|Yathiraj]]|IND|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Chirag Baretha]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games – Men's singles SU5|Singles SU5]]<br />
|6<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Tay Wei Ming|Ming]]|SGP|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Muhammad Fareez Anuar|Fareez]]|MAS|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 1-2<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Taiyo Imai|Imai]]|JPN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Ruthick Ragupathi]]<br />
|5 <br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Kim Gi-yeon|Gi-yeon]]|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Li Mingpan|Mingpan]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Muhammad Fareez Anuar|Fareez]]|MAS|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 1-2<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Hardik Makkar]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Shiuacheng Liu|Liu]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Dheva Anrimusthi|Anrimusthi]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Fang Jen-yu|Fang]]|TPE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Krishna Nagar (para-badminton)|Krishna Nagar]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games – Men's singles SH6|Singles SH6]]<br />
|2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Natthapong Nichai|Natthapong]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Zeng Quingtao|Quingtao]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Rida Rizk|Rizk]]|LBN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|1'''Q'''<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Lee Dae-sung (para-badminton)|Lee]]|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Lin Naili|Naili]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Chu Man Kai|Chu]]|HKG|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 1-2<br />
|{{silver2}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Madhawan Akash Sethu|Madhawan Sethu]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Eyamin Hossain|Hossain]]|BAN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Yohei Hatakeyama|Hatakeyama]]|JPN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Subhan (para-badminton)|Subhan]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|3<br />
|colspan=5 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Gokul Das Areeparamb Vadakkayil]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Aji Dimas Tri|Dimas]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Daesung Lee|Lee]]|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
||{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Wong Chun Yim|Wong]]|HKG|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|4<br />
|colspan=5 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|align="left"|[[Prem Kumar Ale]]<br>[[Abu Hubaida]]<br />
|[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games – Men's doubles WH1–WH2|Doubles WH1-WH2]]<br />
|4<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Aphichat Sumpradit|Sumpradit]] / [[Chatchai Kornpeekanok|Kornpeekanok]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Hoàng Mạnh Giang|Hoàng]] / [[Trương Ngọc Bình|Trương]]|HKG|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Dung Shiau-wei|Dung]] / [[Fang Chih-tsung|Fang]]|TPE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|1'''Q'''<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Yang Tong (para-badminton)|Yang]] / [[Zhou Xin (para-badminton)|Zhou]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|colspan=3 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Kumar Nitesh|Nitesh Kumar]]<br>[[Tarun Dhillon]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games – Men's doubles SL3–SL4|Doubles SL3-SL4]]<br />
|2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Ashraf Alkhaddam|Ashraf]] / [[Ali Alasadi|Alasadi]]|SYR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Sangnil Singha|Singha]] / [[Siripong Teamarrom|Teamarrom]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|1'''Q'''<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Ukun Rukaendi|Rukaendi]] / [[Hary Susanto|Susanto]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Won''' 2-1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Shin Kyung-hwan|Kyung-hwan]] / [[Joo Dong-jae|Joo]]|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Dwiyoko]] / [[Fredy Setiawan|Setiawan]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Won''' 2-1<br />
|{{gold1}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Pramod Bhagat]]<br>[[Sukant Kadam]]<br />
|1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Ukun Rukaendi|Rukaendi]] / [[Hary Susanto|Susanto]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Huang Hsing-chih|Huang]] / [[Yeh En-chuan|Yeh]]|TPE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|1'''Q'''<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Sangnil Singha|Singha]] / [[Siripong Teamarrom|Teamarrom]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Won''' 2-1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Dwiyoko]] / [[Fredy Setiawan|Setiawan]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Lost''' 1-2<br />
|{{n/a|''Did not advance''}}<br />
|{{bronze3}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Chirag Baretha]]<br>[[Raj Kumar (badminton)|Raj Kumar]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games – Men's doubles SU5|Doubles SU5]]<br />
|1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Amyrul Yazid Ahmad Sibi|Yazid]] / [[Mohamad Faris Ahmad Azri|Faris]]|MAS|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Ang Chee Hiong|Hiong]] / [[Tay Wei Ming|Ming]]|SGP|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|1'''Q'''<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Bùi Minh Hải|Bùi]] / [[Phạm Văn Tới|Phạm]]|VIE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Won''' 2-1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Fang Jen-yu|Fang]] / [[Pu Gui-yu|Gui-yu]]|TPE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Won''' 2-1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Dheva Anrimusthi|Anrimusthi]] / [[Hafizh Briliansyah|Briliansyah]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Lost''' 1-2<br />
|{{silver2}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Ruthick Ragupathi]]<br>[[Hardik Makkar]] <br />
|3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Suryo Nugroho|Nugroho]] / [[Oddie Listiant|Listiant]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Fang Jen-yu|Fang]] / [[Pu Gui-yu|Pu]]|TPE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|3<br />
|colspan=5 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Krishna Nagar (para-badminton)|Krishna Nagar]]<br>[[Shivarajan Solaimalai]] <br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games – Men's doubles SH6|Doubles SH6]]<br />
|2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Natthapong Meechai|Meechai]] / [[Bunthan Yaemmali|Yaemmali]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Won''' 2-1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Dimas Tri Aji|Dimas]] / [[Subhan (para-badminton)|Subhan]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Chu Man Kai|Kai]] / [[Wong Chun Yim|Wong]]|HKG|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{n/a|''Did not advance''}}<br />
|{{bronze3}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Akash Sethu Madhawan|Akash Madhavan]]<br>[[Gokul Das Areeparamb Vadakkayil|Gokul Areeparamb Vadakkayil]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Lin Naili|Lin]] / [[Zeng Qingtao|Qingtao]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Chu Man Kai|Kai]] / [[Wong Chun Yim|Wong]]|HKG|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|3<br />
|colspan=5 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Women ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! rowspan="2" |Seed<br />
! colspan="4" |Group stage<br />
!Round of 16<br />
!Quarterfinals<br />
!Semifinals<br />
!colspan="2"|Final<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Rank<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Ammu Mohan]]<br />
| [[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games – Women's singles WH2|Singles WH2]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Liu Yutong|Liu]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Yuma Yamazaki|Yamazaki]]|JPN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|3<br />
|colspan=5 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Manasi Girishchandra Joshi|Manasi Joshi]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games – Women's singles SL3|Singles SL3]]<br />
|3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Xiao Zuxian|Xiao]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Darunee Henpraiwan|Henpraiwan]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Liu Yuemei|Liu]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Qonitah Ikhtiar Syakuroh|Syakuroh]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{n/a|''Did not advance''}}<br />
|{{bronze3}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Parul Parmar]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Liu Yuemei|Liu]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Qonitah Ikhtiar Syakuroh|Syakuroh]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|3<br />
|colspan=5 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Mandeep Kaur (para-badminton)|Mandeep Kaur]]<br />
|2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Altaf Matar|Matar]]|SYR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Shabnam Mekanboeva|Shabnam]]|TJK|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|1'''Q'''<br />
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Xiao Zuxian|Xiao]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{n/a|''Did not advance''}}<br />
|{{bronze3}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Palak Kohli]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Badminton at the 2022 Asian Para Games – Women's singles SL4|Singles SL4]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Cheng Hefang|Cheng]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' {{abbr|RET|Retired}}<br />
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}<br />
|4<br />
|colspan=5 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Jyoti (para-badminton)|Jyoti]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Shiho Sawada|Sawada]]|JPN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Khalimatus Sadiyah|Sadiyah]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|3<br />
|colspan=5 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Vaishnavi Puneyani]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Ayat Machlab|Machlab]]|LBN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Haruka Fujino|Fujino]]|JPN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|1'''Q'''<br />
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Leani Ratri Oktila|Oktila]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{n/a|''Did not advance''}}<br />
|{{bronze3}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |[[Manisha Ramadass]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |Singles SU5<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Thulasimathi Murugesan|Murugesan]]|IND|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 1-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Akiko Sugino|Sugino]]|JPN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Li Tongtong|Li]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Yang Qiuxia (badminton)|Yang]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{n/a|''Did not advance''}}<br />
|{{bronze3}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |[[Thulasimathi Murugesan]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Manisha Ramadass|Ramadass]]|IND|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Li Tongtong|Li]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Akiko Sugino|Sugino]]|JPN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|1'''Q'''<br />
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Mamiko Toyoda|Toyoda]]|JPN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Yang Qiuxia (badminton)|Yang]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{gold1}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Shanthiya Vishwanathan]] <br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Yang Qiuxia (badminton)|Yang]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Mamiko Toyoda|Toyoda]]|JPN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-1 {{abbr|RET|Retired}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Kaede Kameyama|Kameyama]]|JPN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''w/o''' {{abbr|RET|Retired}}<br />
|4<br />
|colspan=5 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Nithya Sre Sumathy Sivan]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Singles SH6<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Lam Ching Yung|Lam]]|HKG|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Lin Shuangbao|Lin]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Chai Saeyang|Saeyang]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Rina Marlina|Marlina]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{n/a|''Did not advance''}}<br />
|{{bronze3}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Rachana Patel]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Choi Wneg Kei|Choi]]|HKG|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Wu Yu-yen|Wu]]|TPE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Rina Marlina|Marlina]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-2<br />
|colspan=3 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Manasi Girishchandra Joshi|Manasi Joshi]]<br>[[Thulasimathi Murugesan]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Doubles SL3-SU5<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Mandeep Kaur (para-badminton)|Mandeep Kaur]]<br>[[Manisha Ramadass]]<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Li Tongtong]] / [[Liu Yuemei]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/><br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Nithyasre Sivan]]<br>[[Rachana Patel]]<br />
|Doubles SH6<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Wu Yu-yen]] / [[Cai Yi-lin (para-badminton)|Cai Yi-lin]]|TPE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>L 1-2<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Mixed ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="4" |Group stage<br />
!Round of 16<br />
!Quarterfinals<br />
!Semifinals<br />
!colspan="2"|Final<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Rank<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Shashank Kumar]]<br>[[Ammu Mohan]]<br />
|Doubles WH1-WH2 <br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Yu Sooyoung]] / [[Kwon Hyunah]]|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''L''' 0-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Manh Giang Hoang]] / [[Thi Hong Thao Hoang]]|VIE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''L''' 1-2<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Pramod Bhagat]]<br>[[Manisha Ramadass]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Doubles SL3-SU5<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Chanida Srinavakul]] / [[Chawarat Kittichowattana]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''W''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Yang Jianyuan]] / [[Yang Qiuxia (badminton)|Yang Qiuxia]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''L''' 0-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Daisuke Fujihara]] / [[Akiko Sugino]]|JPN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''W''' 2-0<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Kumar Nitesh|Nitesh Kumar]]<br>[[Thulasimathi Murugesan]]<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Freddy Setiawan]] / [[Kalimatus Sadiah]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''L''' 0-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Feras Sheiha]] / [[Altaf Matar]]|SYR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''W''' 2-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Siripong Teamarrom]] / [[Nipada Saensupa]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''W''' 2-1<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Krishna Nagar (para-badminton)|Krishna Nagar]]<br>[[Rachana Shaileshkumar Patel]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Doubles SH6<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Zeng Quingtao]] / [[Lin Shuangbao]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''L''' 0-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Chai Saeyang]] / [[Natthapong Meechai]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/><br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Sivarajan Somaimala]]<br>[[Sumathy Sivan Nitya Sre]]<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Chun Yim Wong]] / [[Ching Yung Lam]]|HKG|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/><br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Chen Yi-ying]] / [[Cai Yi-lin (para-badminton)|Cai Yi-lin]]|TPE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>W 2-0<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Board games – Chess==<br />
{{Main|Board Games at the 2022 Asian Para Games}}<br />
<br />
===Visually impaired===<br />
<br />
==== B1 ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
!rowspan=2 width=120|Athlete<br />
!rowspan=2|Event<br />
!Round 1<br />
!Round 2<br />
!Round 3<br />
!Round 4<br />
!Round 5<br />
!Round 6<br />
!Round 7<br />
!rowspan=2|Total score<br />
!rowspan=2|Rank<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Darpan Inani<br />
|rowspan="3"|Men's individual standard<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Ashwin Makwana <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Soundarya Pradhan<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Darpan Inani<br />
|rowspan="3"|Men's individual rapid<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|{{gold1}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Soundarya Pradhan<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|{{silver2}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Ashwin Makwana <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|{{bronze3}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Darpan Inani<br>Ashwin Makwana<br>Soundarya Pradhan <br />
|Men's team rapid<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|{{gold1}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Sanskruti More]]<br />
|rowspan="3"|Women's individual standard<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Himanshi Rathi<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|{{bronze3}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Vruthi Jain<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Sanskruti More]]<br />
|rowspan="3"|Women's individual rapid<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Himanshi Rathi<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Vruthi Jain<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|[[Sanskruti More]]<br>Himanshi Rathi<br>Vruthi Jain<br />
|Women's team rapid<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|{{bronze3}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== B2/B3 ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
!rowspan=2 width=120|Athlete<br />
!rowspan=2|Event<br />
!Round 1<br />
!Round 2<br />
!Round 3<br />
!Round 4<br />
!Round 5<br />
!Round 6<br />
!Round 7<br />
!rowspan=2|Total score<br />
!rowspan=2|Rank<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Aryan Joshi<br />
|rowspan="3"|Men's individual standard<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Kishan Gangolli<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Somendra<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Aryan Joshi<br />
|rowspan="3"|Men's individual rapid<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Kishan Gangolli<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|{{bronze3}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Somendra<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Aryan Joshi<br>Kishan Gangolli<br>Somendra<br />
|Men's team rapid<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|{{bronze3}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Tijan Gawar<br />
|rowspan="3"|Women's individual standard<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Sarita Karde<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Mrunali Pandey <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Tijan Gawar<br />
|rowspan="3"|Women's individual rapid<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Sarita Karde<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Mrunali Pandey <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Tijan Gawar<br>Sarita Karde<br>Mrunali Pandey <br />
|rowspan="3"|Women's team rapid<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Physically impaired===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
!rowspan=2 width=120|Athlete<br />
!rowspan=2|Event<br />
!Round 1<br />
!Round 2<br />
!Round 3<br />
!Round 4<br />
!Round 5<br />
!Round 6<br />
!Round 7<br />
!rowspan=2|Total score<br />
!rowspan=2|Rank<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Naveenkumar Arigala<br />
|rowspan="3"|Men's individual standard<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Akkisetti Ganthimeri<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Shashikant Kutwal<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Naveenkumar Arigala<br />
|rowspan="3"|Men's individual rapid<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Akkisetti Ganthimeri<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Shashikant Kutwal<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Naveenkumar Arigala<br>Akkisetti Ganthimeri<br>Shashikant Kutwal<br />
||Men's team rapid<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Rachel Sharon<br />
|rowspan="3"|Women's individual standard<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Charvi Mehta<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Prema Raju<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Rachel Sharon<br>Prema Raju<br />
||Women's team standard<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Rachel Sharon<br />
|rowspan="3"|Women's individual rapid <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Charvi Mehta<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|align="left"|Prema Raju<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Boccia ==<br />
{{main|Boccia at the 2022 Asian Para Games}}<br />
<br />
=== Individual ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="5" |Group stage<br />
!Quarterfinals<br />
!Semifinals<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Rank<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |[[Sachin Chamaria]]<br />
|Men's BC3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Tse Tak Wah|Wah]]|HKG|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 8-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Masayuki Arita|Masayuki]]|JPN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 7-4<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|3<br />
|colspan=3 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|8<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|[[Jatin Kumar Kushwah]]<br />
|Men's BC4<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Pornchok Larpyen|Larypen]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 14-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Wong Kwon Hang|Wong]]|HKG|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 7-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Zeng Yuansen|Zeng]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 9-2<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|4<br />
|colspan=3 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|11<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|[[Anjali Devi (boccia)|Anjali Devi]]<br />
|Women's BC3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Choi Ye Jin|Choi]]|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 7-1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Ladamanee Kla-han|Kla-han]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 4-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Yuika Sakai|Sakai]]|JPN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 2-5<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|4<br />
|colspan=3 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|10<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|[[Pooja Gupta]]<br />
|Women's BC4<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Michelle Fernandez|Fernandez]]|PHI|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 5-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Nuanchan Phonsila|Phonsila]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-13<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Lin Ximei|Lin]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 2-11<br />
|colspan=2 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|6<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Pair ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:87%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="4" |Group stage<br />
!Semifinals<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Rank<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |[[Sachin Chamaria]]<br>[[Anjali Devi (boccia)|Anjali Devi]]<br />
|Mixed BC3<br />
|{{flagIPC2|HKG|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 1-12<br />
|{{flagIPC2|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 1-9<br />
|{{flagIPC2|SGP|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 2-5<br />
|4<br />
|colspan=2 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|8<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|[[Jatin Kumar Kushwah]]<br>[[Pooja Gupta]]<br />
|Mixed BC4<br />
|{{flagIPC2|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-12<br />
|{{flagIPC2|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-10<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|3<br />
|colspan=2 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|6<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Canoeing ==<br />
{{Main|Canoeing at the 2022 Asian Para Games}}<br />
=== Sprint ===<br />
==== Men ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:87%"<br />
|+<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="2" |Heats<br />
! colspan="2" |Semifinal<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Time<br />
!Rank<br />
!Time<br />
!Rank<br />
!Time<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
|[[Yash Kumar (paracanoeing)|Yash Kumar]]<br />
|KL1<br />
| colspan="4" {{n/a}}<br />
|59.455<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sanjeev Kotiya]]<br />
|KL2<br />
| colspan="4" {{n/a}}<br />
|48.445<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|[[Manish Kaurav]]<br />
|KL3<br />
|44.928<br />
|2<br />
|44.797<br />
|1<br />
|44.605<br />
|{{Bronze3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Gajendra Singh (paracanoeing)|Gajendra Singh]]<br />
|VL2<br />
| colspan="4" {{n/a}}<br />
|1:01.084<br />
|{{Bronze3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sanjeev Kotiya]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |VL3<br />
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" {{n/a}}<br />
|55.826<br />
|7<br />
|-<br />
|[[Jai Deep]]<br />
|50.370<br />
|4<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Women ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:87%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Time<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
|[[Pooja Ojha]]<br />
|KL1<br />
|1:14.468<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rajni Jha]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |KL2<br />
|1:07.15<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|[[Prachi Yadav]]<br />
|54.96<br />
|{{Gold1}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Shabana (paracanoeing)|Shabana]]<br />
|KL3<br />
|1:02.627<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|[[Prachi Yadav]]<br />
|VL2<br />
|1:03.147<br />
|{{Silver2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Shabana (paracanoeing)|Shabana]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |VL3<br />
|1:10.447<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rajni Jha]]<br />
|1:17.274<br />
|7<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sangeeta Rajput]]<br />
|1:08.760<br />
|4<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Cycling ==<br />
{{main|Cycling at the 2022 Asian Para Games}}<br />
<br />
=== Men ===<br />
<br />
==== Track ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="2" |Qualifying round<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Timing<br />
!Rank<br />
!Timing<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Jalaluddin Ansari<br />
| rowspan="2" |C1-3 1000m Time Trial<br />
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | -<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Arshad Shaik<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Jalaluddin Ansari<br />
| rowspan="2" |C2 3000m Individual Pursuit<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Arshad Shaik<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Abishek<br />
| rowspan="2" |C1-3 Time Trial<br />
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Arshad Shaik<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Yogesh Bhimrao Ahire<br />
| rowspan="2" |H1-5 Time Trial<br />
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Prashant Sudarshan Arkal<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Road ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Timing<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Abishek<br />
| rowspan="2" |C1-3 Road Race<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Arshad Shaik<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Yogesh Bhimrao Ahire<br />
| rowspan="2" |H1-5 Road Race<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Prashant Sudarshan Arkal<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Women ===<br />
<br />
==== Track ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="2" |Qualifying round<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Timing<br />
!Rank<br />
!Timing<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" align="left" |Jyoti Radheshyam Gaderia<br />
|C1-3 Time Trial<br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|C1-3 500m Time Trial<br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|C1-3 3000m Individual Pursuit<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |Geeta Shambhusingh Rao<br />
|C4-5 500m Time Trial<br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|C4-5 3000m Individual Pursuit<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Road ====<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Timing<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
|Jyoti Radheshyam Gaderia<br />
|C1-5 Road Race<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Football 5-a-side==<br />
{{Main|Football 5-a-side at the 2022 Asian Para Games}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |Team<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="6" |Group stage<br />
! colspan="2" |Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}<br />
|- style="font-size:95%"<br />
!Opposition<br />Score<br />
!Opposition<br />Score<br />
!Opposition<br />Score<br />
!Opposition<br />Score<br />
!Opposition<br />Score<br />
!Rank<br />
!Opposition<br />Score<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |India men's <br />
| align="left" |[[Football 5-a-side at the 2022 Asian Para Games|Men's tournament]]<br />
| {{flagIPC2|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''L''' 0-4<br />
| {{flagIPC2|MAS|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''W''' 1-0<br />
| {{flagIPC2|IRI|2022 Asian Para Games}} <br/>'''L''' 0-3<br />
| {{flagIPC2|JPN|2022 Asian Para Games}} <br/>'''L''' 0-1<br />
| {{flagIPC2|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}} <br/>'''L''' 0-3<br />
|5<br />
|Did not advance<br />
|5<br />
|}<br />
<br />
;Team<br />
# Klingson Marak<br />
# Pradeep Patel<br />
# Sahil<br />
# Shivam Singh Negi<br />
# Sovendra Singh<br />
# Vishnu Vaghela<br />
# Akash Singh<br />
# Chaudhary Prakash<br />
<br />
;Group stage<br />
{{#section:Football 5-a-side at the 2022 Asian Para Games|A}}<br />
<br />
== Judo ==<br />
{{main|Judo at the 2022 Asian Para Games}}<br />
<br />
=== Men ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Class<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
!Round of 16<br />
!Quarterfinal<br />
!Semifinal<br />
!Repechage<br />
! colspan="2" |Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br>Result<br />
!Opposition<br>Result<br />
!Opposition<br>Result<br />
!Opposition<br>Result<br />
!Opposition<br>Result<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Kapil Kumar <br />
| rowspan="3" |J1<br />
|60 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Devendra Yasav<br />
|90 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Jaydev Gorain<br />
| +90 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Sunil Kumar<br />
|J2<br />
| -90 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Women ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Class<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
!Round of 16<br />
!Quarterfinal<br />
!Semifinal<br />
!Repechage<br />
! colspan="2" |Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br>Result<br />
!Opposition<br>Result<br />
!Opposition<br>Result<br />
!Opposition<br>Result<br />
!Opposition<br>Result<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Janki Bai<br />
| rowspan="3" |J1<br />
|48 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Renuka Salave<br />
|70 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Mukesh Rani<br />
| +70 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |[[Kokila Kaushiklate]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |J2<br />
|48 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Gulshan<br />
|57 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Vrushali More<br />
|70<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Lawn bowls ==<br />
{{Main|Lawn bowls at the 2022 Asian Para Games}}<br />
;Men<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="5" |Group stage<br />
!Quarterfinals<br />
!Semifinals<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Rank<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Murthy Balaji Krishna<br />
| rowspan="2" |Singles B6<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|Raghvendra Puttaswamamiah<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|Devendra Kumar<br />
| rowspan="2" |Singles B7<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|Vikas Narwal<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|Vikas Dagar<br />
| rowspan="2" |Singles B8<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|Sujit Singh<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
;Women<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="5" |Group stage<br />
!Quarterfinals<br />
!Semifinals<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Rank<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|Anju Bala<br />
| rowspan="2" |Singles B6<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|Nirmala Devi<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|Nilima Ray<br />
| rowspan="2" |Singles B7<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|Rinki<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|Bharti Rathee<br />
| rowspan="2" |Singles B8<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|Sapana<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
;Mixed<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="5" |Group stage<br />
!Quarterfinals<br />
!Semifinals<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Rank<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Murthy Balaji Krishna<br>Nirmala Devi<br />
| rowspan="2" |Pairs B6<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|Raghvendra Puttaswamamiah<br>Anju Bala<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|Devendra Kumar<br>Nilima Ray<br />
| rowspan="2" |Pairs B7<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|Vikas Narwal<br>Rinki<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|Vikas Dagar<br>Bharti Rathee<br />
| rowspan="2" |Pairs B8<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|Sujit Singh<br>Sapana<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Powerlifting ==<br />
{{Main|Powerlifting at the 2022 Asian Para Games}}<br />
=== Men ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
|+<br />
!Athlete<br />
!Event<br />
!Attempt 1<br />
!Attempt 2<br />
!Attempt 3<br />
!Total<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Paramjeet Kumar<br />
|49 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|160<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Manish Kumar<br />
|54 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|160<br />
|6<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Ashok Malik <br />
|65 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|192<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Ramubhai Rambhava<br />
|72 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Sandesha Giddegowda<br />
|80 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Pradeep Joon<br />
| +107 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Women ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
|+<br />
!Athlete<br />
!Event<br />
!Attempt 1<br />
!Attempt 2<br />
!Attempt 3<br />
!Total<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Manpreet Kaur <br />
|41 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|75<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Jaspreet Kaur<br />
|45 kg<br />
|colspan = 5|DSQ<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Sakina Khatun <br />
| rowspan="2" |50 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Pratima Krishnarao<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Suman Devi<br />
| rowspan="2" |55 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|88<br />
|6<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Seema Rani<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|90<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |[[Raj Kumari (para powerlifting)|Raj Kumari]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |61 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|84<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |[[Zainab Khatoon]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|85<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |Kasthuri Rajmani<br />
|67 kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Rowing ==<br />
{{Main|Rowing at the 2022 Asian Para Games}}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
|+<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="2" |Heats<br />
! colspan="2" |Semifinal<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Time<br />
!Rank<br />
!Time<br />
!Rank<br />
!Time<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
|align=left|Narayana Konganapalle<br>Anita<br />
|PR3 Mixed Double Sculls<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Shooting ==<br />
{{Main|Shooting at the 2022 Asian Para Games}}<br />
=== Men ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="2" |Qualification<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Score<br />
!Rank<br />
!Score<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
|[[Swaroop Mahavir Unhalkar]]<br />
|R1 - 10m Air Rifle Standing SH1<br />
|614.0<br />
|5'''Q'''<br />
|160.8<br />
|6<br />
|-<br />
|Akash<br />
| rowspan="4" |P1 - 10m Air Pistol SH1<br />
|565<br />
|6'''Q'''<br />
|112.3<br />
|8<br />
|-<br />
|Rudransh Khandelwal<br />
|567<br />
|5'''Q'''<br />
|238.3<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Manish Narwal]]<br />
|573<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|217.3<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Singhraj Adhana]]<br />
|559<br />
|9<br />
|colspan=2|did not advance<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Women ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="2" |Qualification<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Score<br />
!Rank<br />
!Score<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
|Mona Agarwal<br />
| rowspan="2" |R2 - 10m Air Rifle Standing SH1<br />
|617.8<br />
|8'''Q'''<br />
|162.7<br />
|6<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Avani Lekhara]]<br />
|626.6<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|249.6<br />
|{{gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
|R8 - 50m Rifle 3 Positions SH1<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rubina Francis]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |P2 - 10m Air Pistol SH1<br />
|559<br />
|7'''Q'''<br />
|211<br />
|{{bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
|Nisha Kanwar<br />
|545<br />
|10<br />
|colspan=2|did not advance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Sumedha Pathak<br />
|551<br />
|8'''Q'''<br />
|129.4<br />
|7<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Mixed ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="2" |Qualification<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Score<br />
!Rank<br />
!Score<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
|[[Avani Lekhara]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |R3 - 10m Air Rifle Prone SH1<br />
|632.9<br />
|5'''Q'''<br />
|208.1<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|Mona Agarwal<br />
|624<br />
|20<br />
|colspan=2|did not advance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Swaroop Mahavir Unhalkar]]<br />
|622.4<br />
|22<br />
|colspan=2|did not advance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sidhartha Babu]]<br />
|629.4<br />
|11<br />
|colspan=2|did not advance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |Ramakrishna Sriharsha Devaraddi<br />
|R4 - 10m Air Rifle Standing SH2<br />
|630.2<br />
|4'''Q'''<br />
|145<br />
|7<br />
|-<br />
|R5 - 10m Air Rifle Prone SH2<br />
|632.5<br />
|6'''Q'''<br />
|115.6<br />
|8<br />
|-<br />
|[[Avani Lekhara]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |R6 - 50m Rifle Prone SH1<br />
|615.0<br />
|8'''Q'''<br />
|119.6<br />
|8<br />
|-<br />
|[[Swaroop Mahavir Unhalkar]]<br />
|603.2<br />
|18<br />
|colspan=2|did not advance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sidhartha Babu|Siddhartha Basu]]<br />
|620.3<br />
|3'''Q'''<br />
|247.7'''APGR'''<br />
|{{Gold01}}<br />
|-<br />
|Amir Ahmad<br />
| rowspan="3" |P3 - 25m Pistol SH1<br />
|571<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|7<br />
|7<br />
|-<br />
|Nihal Bhat<br />
|566<br />
|7'''Q'''<br />
|18<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Rahul Jakhar]]<br />
|570<br />
|3'''Q'''<br />
|5<br />
|8<br />
|-<br />
|P4 - 50m Pistol SH1<br />
|525<br />
|10<br />
|colspan=2|did not advance<br />
|-<br />
|Akash<br />
| rowspan="3" |P4 - 50m Pistol SH1<br />
|517<br />
|11<br />
|colspan=2|did not advance<br />
|-<br />
|Rudransh Khandelwal<br />
|538<br />
|3'''Q'''<br />
|218.9<br />
|{{silver02}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Singhraj Adhana]]<br />
|516<br />
|12<br />
|colspan=2|did not advance <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Swimming ==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! rowspan="2" |Class<br />
! colspan="2" |Heat<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Time<br />
!Rank<br />
!Time<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
|Mohammad Shams Aalam Shaikh<br />
| rowspan="6" |50m Freestyle<br />
|S5<br />
|55.22<br />
|8<br />
|colspan="2" |Did not advance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Suyash Jadhav<br />
| rowspan="3" |S7<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Niranjan Mukundan<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Tejas Nandkumar<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Swapnil Patil <br />
|S10<br />
|27.92<br />
|3 '''Q'''<br />
|27.70<br />
|7<br />
|-<br />
|Himanshu Nandal<br />
|S11<br />
|31.08<br />
|5<br />
|colspan="2" |Did not advance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Shridhar Nagappa Malagi<br />
| rowspan="2" |100m Freestyle<br />
|S8<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Swapnil Patil<br />
|S10<br />
|1:02.65<br />
|3'''Q'''<br />
|1:02.30<br />
|6<br />
|-<br />
|Gopichand Lingutla<br />
| rowspan="6" |400m Freestyle<br />
| rowspan="3" |S7<br />
|5:49.43<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|5:47.47<br />
|6<br />
|-<br />
|Niranjan Mukundan<br />
|5:26.43<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|5:16.85<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|Tejas Nandkumar<br />
|5:49.67<br />
|3'''Q'''<br />
|5:50.57<br />
|8<br />
|-<br />
|Shridhar Nagappa Malagi<br />
| rowspan="2" |S8<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|5:11.41<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|Punith Nandkumar<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|5:53.05<br />
|7<br />
|-<br />
|Himanshu Nandal<br />
|S11<br />
|5:33.04<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|5:28.71<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|Suyash Jadhav<br />
| rowspan="6" |100m Backstroke<br />
| rowspan="3" |S7<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Gopichand Lingutla<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Tejas Nandkumar<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Punith Nandkumar<br />
|S8<br />
|1:31.83<br />
|5<br />
|colspan="2" |Did not advance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Swapnil Patil<br />
|S10<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Himanshu Nandal<br />
|S11<br />
|1:17.96<br />
|3'''Q'''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Herojit Singh Rajkumar<br />
| rowspan="4" |100m Breaststroke<br />
| rowspan="2" |SB4<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|2:24.49<br />
|5<br />
|-<br />
|Mohammad Shams Aalam Shaikh<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|2:24.05<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|Anowar Sikdar<br />
|SB8<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Himanshu Nandal<br />
|SB11<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|1:32.05<br />
|6<br />
|-<br />
|Mohammad Shams Aalam Shaikh<br />
|50m Butterfly<br />
|S5<br />
|58.62<br />
|6<br />
|colspan="2" |Did not advance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Suyash Jadhav<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Niranjan Mukundan<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! rowspan="2" |Class<br />
! colspan="2" |Heat<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Time<br />
!Rank<br />
!Time<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
|Mohammad Shams Aalam Shaikh<br />
|50m Freestyle<br />
|S5<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Taekwondo ==<br />
<br />
=== Men ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
!Round of 16<br />
!Quarterfinal<br />
!Semifinal<br />
! colspan="2" |Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br />
Result<br />
!Opposition<br />
Result<br />
!Opposition<br />
Result<br />
!Opposition<br />
Result<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
|Mohit Singh<br />
|K44 -58kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Ranjan Kumar<br />
|K44 -63kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Women ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
!Round of 16<br />
!Quarterfinal<br />
!Semifinal<br />
! colspan="2" |Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br />
Result<br />
!Opposition<br />
Result<br />
!Opposition<br />
Result<br />
!Opposition<br />
Result<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
|Aruna Tanwar<br />
|K44 -47kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Muskan<br />
|K44 -52kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Veena Arora<br />
|K44 -52kg<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Table Tennis ==<br />
{{Main|Table tennis at the 2022 Asian Para Games}}<br />
===Men===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="5" |Group stage<br />
!Quarterfinal<br />
!Semifinal<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Rank<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |[[Sandeep Dangi]]<br />
| rowspan=2| Singles Class 1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Jehan Dorab Madan|Madan]]|IND|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 3-2<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Nam Ki-won|Nam]]|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Young Dae Joo|Joo]]|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Ibrahim Hassan (para-athlete)|Ibrahim]]|KUW|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 3-0<br />
|3'''Q'''<br />
|colspan=3 {{n/a}}<br />
|{{bronze3}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|[[Jehan Dorab Madan]]<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Sandeep Dangi|Dangi]]|IND|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 2-3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Ibrahim Hassan (para-athlete)|Ibrahim]]|KUW|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 3-1<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Nam Ki-won|Nam]]|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Young Dae Joo|Joo]]|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|4<br />
|colspan=3 {{n/a}}<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|[[Jashvant Chaudhary]]<br />
|Singles Class 4<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Kim Young-gun|Kim]]|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 1-3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Gow-ching Lin|Lin]]|TPE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}<br />
|3<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|[[Raj Alagar]]<br />
|Singles Class 5<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Cao Ningning|Cao]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Norakan Chanpahaka|Chanpahaka]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}<br />
|3<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|[[Dattaprasad Chougule]]<br />
|Singles Class 9<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Fan Yufei|Fan]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Linadr Sultan|Sultan]]|PHI|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 3-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Chaoming Chee|Chee]]|MAS|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|3<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|[[Hitesh Dolwani]]<br />
|Singles Class 10<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Su Jin Sian|Su]]|TPE|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Soumik Mondal|Mondal]]|BAN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 3-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Komet Akbar|Akbar]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|3<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|[[Sandeep Dangi]] /<br> [[Jehan Dorab Madan]]<br />
|Doubles Class 4<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Young Dae Joo|Joo]] / [[Jang Yeong-jin|Jang]]|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Janfeshan Hassan|Janfeshan]] / [[Mahdi Reza Kelaieh|Reza]]|IRI|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}<br />
|3<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Women ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="4" |Group stage<br />
!Quarterfinal<br />
!Semifinal<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Rank<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |[[Sonalben Patel]]<br />
| Singles Class 3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Xue Juan (table tennis)|Xue]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Pattaravadee Wararitdamrongkul|Pattaravadee]]|THA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 2-3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Mi Gyu Lee|Lee]]|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 1-3<br />
|4<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |[[Bhavina Patel]]<br />
| Singles Class 4<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Alexandra Stepanova (table tennis)|Stepanova]]|KAZ|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 3-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Mi Kyoung Shin|Shin]]|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 3-1<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|1'''Q'''<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Tarsilem]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 3-0<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Gu Xiaodan|Gu]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 1-3<br />
|{{n/a|''Did not advance''}}<br />
|{{Bronze03}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" |[[Poonam (table tennis)|Poonam]]<br />
| Singles Class 6<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Jin Yucheng (table tennis)|Jin]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Pascoela Dos Santos Peereira|Pascoela]]|TLS|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 2-3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Zainab Hasan Farttoosi|Farttoosi]]|IRQ|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|4<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
|align="left" |[[Pragati Kesharwani]]<br />
|Singles Class 8<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Huang Wenjuan|Huang]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Hamida (table tennis)|Hamida]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|3<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|[[Baby Sahana Ravi]]<br />
|Singles Class 9<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Liu Meng (table tennis)|Liu]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Eldana Baduova|Baduova]]|KAZ|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Won''' 3-0<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|2'''Q'''<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Xiong Guiyan|Xiong]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|colspan=3 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|[[Sonal Patel]]<br>[[Bhavina Patel]]<br />
|Doubles Class 10<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Zhou Ying (table tennis)|Zhou]] / [[Zhang Bian|Zhang]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|colspan=3 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|[[Poonam (table tennis)|Poonam]]<br>[[Pragati Kesharwani]]<br />
|Doubles Class 14<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Wong Yue Ching|Wong]] / [[Chiu Kan Shan|Chiu]]|HKG|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Najlah Al-Dayyeni|Al-Dayyeni]] / [[Zainab Hasan Farttoosi|Farttoosi]]|IRQ|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Huang Wenjuan|Huang]] / [[Jin Yucheng (table tennis)|Jin]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|4<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Mixed ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="4" |Group stage<br />
!Round of 32<br />
!Round of 16<br />
!Quarterfinal<br />
!Semifinal<br />
! colspan="2" |Final<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Rank<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Opposition<br>Score<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|[[Jehan Dorab Madan]] /<br> [[Sonalben Patel]]<br />
|Doubles Class 4<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Park Jin-cheol|Park]] / [[Seo Su-yeon|Seo]]|KOR|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Gao Yanming|Gao]] / [[Liu Jing (table tennis)|Liu]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|3<br />
|colspan=6 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|[[Bhavina Patel]] /<br> [[Jashvant Chaudhary]]<br />
|Doubles Class 7-10<br />
|colspan=5 {{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Tatok Hardiyanto|Hardiyanto]] / [[Leli Marlina|Marlina]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|[[Dattaprasad Chougule]] /<br> [[Pragati Kesharwani]]<br />
|rowspan=2| Doubles Class 17-20<br />
|colspan=5 {{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Mohamad Ria Prahasta|Prahasta]] / [[Hana Resti|Resti]]|INA|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|-<br />
| align="left"|[[Baby Sahana Ravi]]<br>[[Hitesh Dolwani]]<br />
|colspan=4 {{n/a}}<br />
|{{flagIPC2athlete|[[Zhao Shuai (table tennis)|Zhao S]] / [[Zhao Xiaojing|Zhao X]]|CHN|2022 Asian Para Games}}<br/>'''Lost''' 0-3<br />
|colspan=5 {{n/a|''Did not advance to next round''}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Wheelchair Fencing ==<br />
<br />
=== Men ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="7" |Group stage<br />
!Round of 32<br />
!Round of 16<br />
!Quarterfinal<br />
!Semifinal<br />
! colspan="2" |Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Rank<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
|Praveen<br />
| rowspan="3" |Foil - Category A<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Venkatesha Babu|Venkateshar Ramesh Rao]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rakhal Sethy]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|Sunil Phogat<br />
|Foil - Category B<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Venkatesha Babu|Venkateshar Ramesh Rao]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Épée - Category A<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rakhal Sethy]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rakhal Sethy]]<br />
|Sabre - Category A<br />
|-<br />
|Sunil Phogat<br />
| rowspan="2" |Sabre - Category B<br />
|-<br />
|Prafulla Kumar Khandayatray<br />
|-<br />
|Sunil Phogat<br />
[[Venkatesha Babu|Venkateshar Ramesh Rao]]<br />
[[Rakhal Sethy]]Praveen<br />
|Foil Team<br />
|-<br />
|Prafulla Kumar Khandayatray<br />
[[Venkatesha Babu|Venkateshar Ramesh Rao]]<br />
[[Rakhal Sethy]]Praveen<br />
|Sabre Team<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Women ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"<br />
! rowspan="2" |Athlete<br />
! rowspan="2" |Event<br />
! colspan="7" |Group stage<br />
!Round of 32<br />
!Round of 16<br />
!Quarterfinal<br />
!Semifinal<br />
! colspan="2" |Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}<br />
|-<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Rank<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Opposition<br />
Score<br />
!Rank<br />
|-<br />
|Rekha Devi<br />
|Foil - Category B<br />
|-<br />
|Rekha<br />
|Épée - Category A<br />
|-<br />
|Pujaswini Nayak<br />
|Épée - Category B<br />
|-<br />
|Anuradha Pandhari Solanki<br />
|Sabre - Category A<br />
|-<br />
|Sheranthi Thomas<br />
|Sabre - Category B<br />
|-<br />
|Rekha<br />
Rekha Devi<br />
Anuradha Pandhari Solanki<br />
Pujaswini Nayak<br />
|Foil Team<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
* [[India at the 2022 Asian Games]]<br />
* [[India at the Asian Games]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Nations at the 2022 Asian Para Games}}<br />
[[Category:Nations at the 2022 Asian Para Games]]<br />
[[Category:India at the Asian Para Games|2022]]<br />
[[Category:2023 in Indian sport]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basant_Soren&diff=489964Basant Soren2026-04-18T23:17:55Z<p>Rockybhai3: new</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Basant Soren<br />
| image = Basant Soren.jpg<br />
| caption =<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1977|9|1|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Ranchi]], Jharkhand, India<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| office = [[Champai Soren ministry|Cabinet Minister]]<br />[[Government of Jharkhand]]<br />
| governor = [[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]<br />
| 1blankname = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata = [[Champai Soren]]<br />
| 2blankname = Ministry Responsible<br />
| 2namedata = * Road & Building Construction.<br />
*Water Resources.<br />
| term_start = 16 February 2024<br />
| term_end = 4 July 2024<br />
| predecessor = [[Hemant Soren]]<br />
| office1 = [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|Member of Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start1 = 2020<br />
| term_end1 = <br />
| constituency1 = [[Dumka Assembly constituency|Dumka]]<br />
| predecessor1 = [[Hemant Soren]]<br />
| party = [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]<br />
| other_party = <br />
| occupation = Politician<br />
| parents = *[[Shibu Soren]] (Father)<br />
*Roopi Soren (Mother)<br />
| spouse = <br />
| children = <br />
| relations = [[Hemant Soren]] (Brother), [[Kalpana Soren (Politician)|Kalpana Soren]] (Sister In Law)<br />
| footnotes = <br />
| date = <br />
| year = <br />
| image_size = 150 <br />
}}<br />
'''Basant Soren''' is an Indian Politician and a member of the [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] political party. He is the current cabinet minister for ministry of roads & buildings and construction & water resources in [[Government of Jharkhand]] and a member of [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]] from [[Dumka Assembly constituency|Dumka]] constituency.<ref name="Rise of new JMM face: First-time minister Basant Soren set to lead party in LS polls with brother Hemant in jail">{{cite news |newspaper=The Indian Express |title=Rise of new JMM face: First-time minister Basant Soren set to lead party in LS polls with brother Hemant in jail |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/rise-of-new-jmm-face-first-time-minister-basant-soren-set-to-lead-party-in-ls-polls-with-brother-hemant-in-jail-9166321/ |access-date=28 June 2024 |date=17 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628171621/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/rise-of-new-jmm-face-first-time-minister-basant-soren-set-to-lead-party-in-ls-polls-with-brother-hemant-in-jail-9166321/ |archive-date=28 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Basant Soren is the younger son of [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]] founder [[Shibu Soren]] and younger brother of CM [[Hemant Soren]].<ref name="Hemant Soren’s brother Basant, seven others join Champai Soren Cabinet in Jharkhand">{{cite news |newspaper=The Hindu |title=Hemant Soren's brother Basant, seven others join Champai Soren Cabinet in Jharkhand |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jmm-chief-shibu-sorens-youngest-son-basant-seven-others-sworn-in-as-ministers-in-champai-soren-govt/article67853687.ece |access-date=28 June 2024 |date=16 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628171422/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jmm-chief-shibu-sorens-youngest-son-basant-seven-others-sworn-in-as-ministers-in-champai-soren-govt/article67853687.ece |archive-date=28 June 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Political career ==<br />
Basant contested in the Rajya Sabha elections in 2016 as JMM candidate and lost.<ref name="Rajya Sabha polls — Drama in Ranchi: Missing MLAs, a winning formula">{{cite news |newspaper=The Indian Express |title=Rajya Sabha polls — Drama in Ranchi: Missing MLAs, a winning formula |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/jharkhand-rajya-sabha-polls-missing-mlas-a-winning-formula-2848143/ |access-date=28 June 2024 |date=12 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628183806/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/jharkhand-rajya-sabha-polls-missing-mlas-a-winning-formula-2848143/ |archive-date=28 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref> He contested in a 2020 by- election held for [[Dumka Assembly constituency|Dumka Assembly]] as a JMM candidate and defeated his nearest BJP rival [[Louis Marandi]] by a margin of 6,842 votes. Basant Soren secured 80,552 votes and [[Louis Marandi]] got 73,717 votes.<ref name="JMM-Congress retain 2 Jharkhand seats in bypolls but victory margin down since 2019">{{cite news |last1=ThePrint |title=JMM-Congress retain 2 Jharkhand seats in bypolls but victory margin down since 2019 |url=https://theprint.in/politics/jmm-congress-retain-2-jharkhand-seats-in-bypolls-but-victory-margin-down-since-2019/541636/ |access-date=28 June 2024 |date=10 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628182416/https://theprint.in/politics/jmm-congress-retain-2-jharkhand-seats-in-bypolls-but-victory-margin-down-since-2019/541636/ |archive-date=28 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="Jharkhand assembly by-polls: JMM, Congress retain seats with reduced margin">{{cite news |last1=Financialexpress |title=Jharkhand assembly by-polls: JMM, Congress retain seats with reduced margin |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/jharkhand-assembly-by-polls-jmm-congress-retain-seats-with-reduced-margin/2125820/ |access-date=28 June 2024 |date=10 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628182715/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/jharkhand-assembly-by-polls-jmm-congress-retain-seats-with-reduced-margin/2125820/ |archive-date=28 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Basant Soren took oath as road & buildings construction and water resources minister in the Champai Soren-led government in Jharkhand on 16 February 2024.<ref name="Jharkhand Ministers List 2024: Full list of ministers and portfolios in Champai Soren-led Cabinet">{{cite news |last1=Financialexpress |title=Jharkhand Ministers List 2024: Full list of ministers and portfolios in Champai Soren-led Cabinet |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/jharkhand-ministers-list-2024-full-list-of-ministers-and-portfolios-in-champai-soren-led-cabinet/3382528/ |access-date=28 June 2024 |date=18 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628183528/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/jharkhand-ministers-list-2024-full-list-of-ministers-and-portfolios-in-champai-soren-led-cabinet/3382528/ |archive-date=28 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Soren, Basant}}<br />
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2019–2024]]<br />
[[Category:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha politicians]]<br />
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2024–2029]]<br />
[[Category:1977 births]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajaji_Nagar_Assembly_constituency&diff=528380Rajaji Nagar Assembly constituency2026-04-16T04:45:33Z<p>Rockybhai3: New a data more to come!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Karnataka legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Rajajinagar<br />
| state = [[Karnataka]]<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| constituency_no = 165<br />
| map_image = 165-Rajaji Nagar constituency.svg<br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| district = [[Bangalore Urban district|Bangalore Urban]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Bangalore Central Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore Central]]<br />
| established = 1976<br />
| electors = {{formatnum:207557}} (2023)<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| mla = [[S. Suresh Kumar]]<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
| preceded_by = N. L. Narendra Babu<br />
}}<br />
'''Rajajinagar Assembly constituency''' is one of the seats in [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] in India. It is a segment of [[Bangalore Central Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=14assemblymemberslist>{{cite web |url=http://kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/14assemblymemberslist.htm |title=Fourteenth Karnataka Legislative Assembly |website=kla.kar.nic.in |publisher=[[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Election<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Mallur Ananda Rao || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || rowspan="2" | [[M. S. Krishnan (politician)|M. S. Krishnan]] || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || K. Lakkanna || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || rowspan="2" | [[S. Suresh Kumar]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || Narendra Babu. N. L || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || rowspan="4" | [[S. Suresh Kumar]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Rajaji Nagar }}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. Suresh Kumar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 58,624 |percentage = 49.60% |change = {{increase}}2.74 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Puttanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 50,564 |percentage = 42.78% |change = {{increase}}3.79 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Anjanappa. T. H |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 4,081 |percentage = 3.45% |change = {{decrease}}7.91 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,700 |percentage = 1.44% |change = {{decrease}}0.17 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohan Kumar. K |party = Uttama Prajaakeeya Party |votes = 1,213 |percentage = 1.03% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,060 |percentage = 6.82% |change = {{decrease}}1.05 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 118,262 |percentage = 56.98% |change = {{increase}}0.07 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 118,187}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 207,557 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}1.69 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}2.74 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 2018 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Rajaji Nagar }}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. Suresh Kumar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 56,271 |percentage = 46.86% |change = {{increase}}16.92 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Padmavathi |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 46,818 |percentage = 38.99% |change = {{increase}}20.30 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. M. Krishnamurthy |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 13,637 |percentage = 11.36% |change = {{decrease}}1.44 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,931 |percentage = 1.61% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,453 |percentage = 7.87% |change = {{decrease}}3.38 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 120,163 |percentage = 56.91% |change = {{decrease}}4.32 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 120,092}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 211,132 |ref = |change = {{increase}}19.78 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}16.92 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 2013 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Rajaji Nagar <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. Suresh Kumar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 39,291 |percentage = 29.94% |change = {{decrease}}21.51 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. Manjula Naidu |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,524 |percentage = 18.69% |change = {{decrease}}17.57 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shobha Karandlaje |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 20,909 |percentage = 15.93% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. T. Anand |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 16,794 |percentage = 12.80% |change = {{increase}}5.11 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Muniswamy. K |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes = 1,660 |percentage = 1.26% |change = {{decrease}}0.27 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rupa Rani |party = Lok Satta Party |votes = 880 |percentage = 0.67% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,767 |percentage = 11.25% |change = {{decrease}}3.94 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 107,919 |percentage = 61.23% |change = {{increase}}8.56 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 131,237}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 176,260 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}3.82 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}21.51 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 2008 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Rajaji Nagar <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. Suresh Kumar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 49,655 |percentage = 51.45% |change = {{increase}}7.43 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Padmavathi |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 34,995 |percentage = 36.26% |change = {{decrease}}10.60 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ananda. M. A |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 7,422 |percentage = 7.69% |change = {{increase}}0.39 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramaswamy. S. K |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes = 1,478 |percentage = 1.53% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,660 |percentage = 15.19% |change = {{increase}}12.35 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 96,522 |percentage = 52.67% |change = {{increase}}1.76 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 96,507}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 183,257 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}35.97 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}4.59 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 2004 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Rajaji Nagar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Narendra Babu. N. L |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 67,899 |percentage = 46.86% |change = {{increase}}30.13 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. Suresh Kumar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 63,777 |percentage = 44.02% |change = {{increase}}5.25 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Huchappa. J |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 10,573 |percentage = 7.30% |change = {{decrease}}7.91 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sathish Chandranavadagi |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 917 |percentage = 0.63% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,122 |percentage = 2.84% |change = {{decrease}}12.88 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 145,720 |percentage = 50.91% |change = {{increase}}0.07 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 144,897}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 286,222 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.34 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}8.09 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1999 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Rajaji Nagar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. Suresh Kumar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 53,554 |percentage = 38.77% |change = {{decrease}}8.75 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narendra Babu. N. L |party = Independent politician |votes = 31,839 |percentage = 23.05% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vasanthi Shivanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,107 |percentage = 16.73% |change = {{increase}}1.69 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Huchappa. J |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 21,005 |percentage = 15.21% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ananthasubbarao. H. V |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 3,309 |percentage = 2.40% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narendra Babu. K. A |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,197 |percentage = 0.87% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dhanaraj. M. C |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,096 |percentage = 0.79% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 21,715 |percentage = 15.72% |change = {{increase}}1.93 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 138,127 |percentage = 50.84% |change = {{decrease}}8.35 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 138,127}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 271,708 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.43 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}8.75 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1994 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Rajaji Nagar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. Suresh Kumar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 67,175 |percentage = 47.52% |change = {{increase}}31.72 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. V. Hareesh |party = Janata Dal |votes = 47,677 |percentage = 33.73% |change = {{increase}}9.61 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Lakkanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,260 |percentage = 15.04% |change = {{decrease}}22.96 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. S. Paramashivaiah |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 3,053 |percentage = 2.16% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,498 |percentage = 13.79% |change = {{decrease}}0.08 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 143,050 |percentage = 59.19% |change = {{increase}}1.55 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 141,356}}<br />
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,694 |percentage = 1.18% |change = {{decrease}}2.63 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 241,672 |ref = |change = {{increase}}0.40 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}9.52 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1989 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Rajaji Nagar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = K. Lakkanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 50,707 |percentage = 38.00% |change = {{increase}}7.82 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. V. Hareesh |party = Janata Dal |votes = 32,196 |percentage = 24.12% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. Suresh Kumar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 21,085 |percentage = 15.80% |change = {{decrease}}2.05 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Y. S. V. Datta |party = Janata Party |votes = 20,287 |percentage = 15.20% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. S. Krishnan (politician)|M. S. Krishnan]] |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 8,096 |percentage = 6.07% |change = {{decrease}}41.27 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,511 |percentage = 13.87% |change = {{decrease}}3.28 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 138,750 |percentage = 57.64% |change = {{increase}}4.14 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 133,457}}<br />
{{Election box rejected |votes = 5,293 |percentage = 3.81% |change = {{increase}}3.01 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 240,701 |ref = |change = {{increase}}32.98 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Communist Party of India |swing = {{decrease}}9.34 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1985 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Rajaji Nagar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. S. Krishnan (politician)|M. S. Krishnan]] |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 45,477 |percentage = 47.34% |change = {{decrease}}7.57 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. G. Venkataiah |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 28,997 |percentage = 30.18% |change = {{increase}}11.06 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramachandra Gowda |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 17,144 |percentage = 17.85% |change = {{decrease}}1.23 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. M. Somanna |party = Lokdal |votes = 2,661 |percentage = 2.77% |change = {{increase}}1.02 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,480 |percentage = 17.15% |change = {{decrease}}18.64 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 96,840 |percentage = 53.50% |change = {{decrease}}9.14 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 96,068}}<br />
{{Election box rejected |votes = 772 |percentage = 0.80% |change = {{decrease}}1.15 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 181,003 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.06 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Communist Party of India |swing = {{decrease}}7.57 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1983 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Rajaji Nagar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. S. Krishnan (politician)|M. S. Krishnan]] |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 54,467 |percentage = 54.91% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. D. Gangaraj |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,964 |percentage = 19.12% |change = {{increase}}17.40 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. R. Shivappa |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 18,924 |percentage = 19.08% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. Panduranga |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,739 |percentage = 2.76% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Umadevi Shankar Kalliguddi |party = Lokdal |votes = 1,740 |percentage = 1.75% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 35,503 |percentage = 35.79% |change = {{increase}}14.20 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 101,173 |percentage = 62.64% |change = {{decrease}}4.31 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 99,200}}<br />
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,973 |percentage = 1.95% |change = {{increase}}0.06 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 161,523 |ref = |change = {{increase}}30.78 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Communist Party of India |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}2.29 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1978 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Rajaji Nagar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mallur Ananda Rao |party = Janata Party |votes = 42,693 |percentage = 52.62% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. C. Somasekhar |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 25,173 |percentage = 31.02% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Lakkanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,382 |percentage = 6.63% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Chinnappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,654 |percentage = 3.27% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahadeva Banakar Gadigappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,459 |percentage = 1.80% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. N. Sundarappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 1,396 |percentage = 1.72% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. R. Ramachandra Rao |party = Independent politician |votes = 720 |percentage = 0.89% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. P. Sachindranath |party = Independent politician |votes = 679 |percentage = 0.84% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,520 |percentage = 21.59% |change = }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 82,697 |percentage = 66.95% |change = }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 81,138}}<br />
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,559 |percentage = 1.89% |change = }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 123,512 |ref = |change = }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Janata Party |swing = }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of constituencies of Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}<br />
{{coords|12.993|77.555|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Bengaluru]]<br />
[[Category:Bengaluru Urban district]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1976]]<br />
[[Category:1976 establishments in Karnataka]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nalgonda_Assembly_constituency&diff=520104Nalgonda Assembly constituency2026-04-15T02:13:23Z<p>Rockybhai3: created new page needs work</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Telangana legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Nalgonda<br />
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (92-Nalgonda highlighted).png<br />
| map_caption = Location of Nalgonda Assembly constituency within Telangana<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| constituency_no = 92<br />
| state = [[Telangana]]<br />
| established = 1951<br />
| district = [[Nalgonda district|Nalgonda]]<br />
| electors = 2,21,836<br />
| incumbent_image = Komatireddy Venkat Reddy.jpg<br />
| mla = [[Komatireddy Venkat Reddy]]<br />
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Nalgonda Lok Sabha constituency|Nalgonda]] <br />
}}<br />
'''Nalgonda Assembly constituency''' is a constituency of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is one of 12 constituencies in [[Nalgonda district]]. It is part of [[Nalgonda Lok Sabha constituency]].<br />
<br />
[[Komatireddy Venkat Reddy]] of [[Indian National Congress]] won the seat in December 2023 Assembly election beating Kancharla Bhupal Reddy of [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]].<ref name=election2018/><br />
<br />
== Mandals ==<br />
Nalgonda Assembly Constituency comprises the following Mandals:<br />
<br />
{{srn}}<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"<br />
!Mandal<br />
|-<br />
| [[Nalgonda]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Thipparthy]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Kanagal, Nalgonda|Kanagal]]<br />
|-<br />
| Madugulapally<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Name<br />
!colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=4| [[Hyderabad]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election|1952]] (Gen.)<br />
|Katta Ram Reddy<br />
|{{Full party name with color|People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad)|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election|1952]] (Res.)<br />
|P. Laxmayya<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=4| [[United Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1957 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br />
|Venkatreddy<br />
|{{Full party name with color|People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad)}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
|Bommagani Dharmabhiksham<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
|rowspan=2|Chakilam Srinivasa Rao<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]<br />
|rowspan=2|Gutha Mohan Reddy<br />
|-<br />
|[[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=4}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br />
|[[N. T. Rama Rao]]<br />
|-<br />
|1985★<br />
|Gaddam Rudrama Devi<br />
|-<br />
|[[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br />
|Malreddy Raghuma Reddy<br />
|-<br />
|[[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]<br />
|Nandyala Narsimha Reddy<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<br />
|rowspan=3|[[Komatireddy Venkat Reddy]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=4| [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br />
|[[Komatireddy Venkat Reddy]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<br />
|Kancharla Bhupal Reddy<ref name=election2018/><br />
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
|[[Komatireddy Venkat Reddy]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
★by-lection<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
<br />
=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2023 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2023]]: Nalgonda (Assembly constituency)}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
| party = Indian National Congress<br />
| candidate = [[Komatireddy Venkat Reddy]]<br />
| votes = 1,07,405<br />
| percentage = 52.64<br />
| change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|candidate=Kancharla Bhupal Reddy|votes=53,073|percentage=26.01|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Forward Bloc|candidate=Pilli Rama Raju Yadav|votes=27,096|percentage=13.28|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Madagani Srinivas Goud|votes=7,828|percentage=3.83|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Mudireddy Sudhakar Reddy|votes=1,439|percentage=0.71|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Gandikota Venkat Laxman|votes=977|percentage=0.48|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=901|percentage=0.44|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority|votes=54,332|percentage=26.63|change=}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=2,04,027|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
| winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|loser = Bharat Rashtra Samithi<br />
| swing =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2018 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nalgonda<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9691-telangana-general-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Telangana General Legislative Election 2018 - Statistical Report |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 20 February 2022}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi<br />
| candidate = [[Kancharla Bhupal Reddy]]<br />
| votes = 98,792<br />
| percentage = 53.22%<br />
| change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| party = Indian National Congress<br />
| candidate =[[Komatireddy Venkat Reddy]]<br />
| votes = 75,094<br />
| percentage = 40.46%<br />
| change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
| candidate = [[Sriramoju Shanmukha Chary]]<br />
| votes = 1,916<br />
| percentage = 1.03%<br />
| change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| party =Independent (politician)<br />
| candidate = [[Polishetty Venkateshwarlu]]<br />
| votes = 2,932<br />
| percentage = 1.58%<br />
| change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| party = None of the above<br />
| candidate = [[None of the Above]]<br />
| votes = 1,276<br />
| percentage = 0.69%<br />
| change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
| votes = 23,698<br />
| percentage = 10.68%<br />
| change = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
| votes = 1,85,618<br />
| percentage = 85.59%<br />
| change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
| winner =Telangana Rashtra Samithi <br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
| swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2014 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2014]]: Nalgonda (Assembly constituency)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiavotes.com/ac/details/61/34819/239|title=IndiaVotes AC: Nalgonda 2014|website=IndiaVotes|access-date=2018-12-25}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| party = Indian National Congress<br />
| candidate = [[Komatireddy Venkat Reddy]]<br />
| votes = 60,774<br />
| percentage =36.6%<br />
| change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| party =Telugu Desam Party <br />
| candidate = Kancharla Bhupal Reddy<br />
| votes = 50,227<br />
| percentage = 30.3%<br />
| change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi<br />
| candidate = Dubbaka Narsimha Reddy<br />
| votes = 15,606<br />
| percentage = 12.5%<br />
| change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br />
| candidate = Syed Hasham<br />
| votes =10,332<br />
| percentage = 6.2%<br />
| change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
| votes = 10,547<br />
| percentage = <br />
| change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
| votes = 1,66,194<br />
| percentage = 74.9%<br />
| change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
| winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|loser = Independent (politician)<br />
| swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2009 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Andhra Pradesh Assembly Elections, 2009]]: Nalgonda (Assembly constituency)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/details/27/30503/205|title = IndiaVotes &#124; India's largest election database}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| party =Indian National Congress<br />
| candidate =[[Komatireddy Venkat Reddy]]<br />
| votes =60,665<br />
| percentage =41.03%<br />
| change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br />
| candidate =Nandyala Narsimha Reddy<br />
|votes =52,288<br />
| percentage =35.36%<br />
| change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| party = Praja Rajyam Party<br />
| candidate = Dubbaka Narsimha Reddy<br />
| votes = 22,017<br />
| percentage =14.89%<br />
| change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Warangal]]<br />
* [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}<br />
{{coord|17.06|79.27|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Nalgonda district]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vidyasagar_Assembly_constituency&diff=544325Vidyasagar Assembly constituency2026-04-14T03:38:29Z<p>Rockybhai3: Made New Post W/ Infobox</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Former West Bengal Legislative Assembly constituency}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Vidyasagar<br />
| type= SLA<br />
| map_image = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| state = [[West Bengal]]<br />
| district = [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Calcutta North East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Calcutta North East]]<br />
| constituency_no = 157<br />
| established = 1951<br />
| electors = <br />
| reservation = None<br />
| abolished = 2011<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Vidyasagar Assembly constituency''' was a [[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] constituency of [[Kolkata district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
As a consequence of the orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], VidyaSagar, West Bengal Assembly constituency ceases to exist from 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf|title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006|access-date = 2010-11-15|publisher = Government of West Bengal|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf|archive-date = 18 September 2010|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref><br />
<br />
It was part of [[Calcutta North East (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf | title = Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha | access-date = 2010-11-15 | work = Volume III Details For Assembly Segments Of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher = Election Commission of India }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"ìÍĦĤĠčw<br />
|-<br />
! Election<br/> Year!!Constituency!!Name of M.L.A.!!Party affiliation<br />
|-<br />
|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]||Vidyasagar||Narayan Chandra Roy||Independent<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, Assembly Constituency No. 176 |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]||||Narayan Chandra Roy||[[Communist Party of India]]<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 129|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]||||Narayan Chandra Roy||Communist Party of India<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 127|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]||||Narayan Chandra Roy||[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 146|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1969||||Samar Kumar Rudra||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 146|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 2 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1971||||Md. Shamsuzzoha||[[Indian National Congress]]<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 144|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1972||||Md. Shamsuzzoha ||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title =General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 144|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1977||||Samar Kumar Rudra ||[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1982||||Lakshmi Kanta Dey ||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1987||||Lakshmi Kanta Dey ||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1991||||Lakshmi Kanta Dey ||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1996||||Tapas Roy||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]||||Lakshmi Kanta Dey||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2003 by-election||||Anadi Kumar Sahu||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha2004by>{{cite web| url = http://www.indiavotes.com/ac/byeDetail/259 |title = AC By Election: Vidyasagar 2003 | work= AC No 163|publisher= India Votes| access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]||||Anadi Kumar Sahu||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No 154|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 3 December 2014}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Results==<br />
===2006===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2006]]: Vidyasagar<ref>{{cite web|url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25204.htm|title = Panskura Purba|work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results|publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2011-05-17}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=204| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120519164727/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=204| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 19 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Panskura Purba| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Panskura Purba |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-01 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030612/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |archive-date = 2011-09-12 }}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br />
|candidate = Anadi Kumar Sahoo<br />
|votes = 28,992<br />
|percentage = 49.70<br />
|change = <br />
}} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Priyal Chowdhury<br />
|votes = 14,416<br />
|percentage = 24.70<br />
|change = <br />
}} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|candidate = Debabrata Biswas<br />
|votes = 13,490<br />
|percentage = 23.10<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate |<br />
|party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]<br />
|candidate = Suresh Das <br />
|votes = 558<br />
|percentage = 1.0<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate |<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Ajit Ghosh <br />
|votes = 203<br />
|percentage = 0.4<br />
|change = <br />
}}{{Election box candidate |<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Sanjib Pandit <br />
|votes = 161<br />
|percentage = 0.3<br />
|change = <br />
}}{{Election box candidate |<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Sajan Biswas<br />
|votes = 150<br />
|percentage = 0.3<br />
|change = <br />
}}{{Election box candidate |<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Ajoy Kumar Biswas <br />
|votes = 128<br />
|percentage = 0.2<br />
|change = <br />
}}{{Election box candidate |<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Samir Sahrma<br />
|votes = 126<br />
|percentage = 0.2<br />
|change = <br />
}}{{Election box candidate |<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|candidate = Kanailal Sharma<br />
|votes = 119<br />
|percentage = 0.2<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 14,576<br />
|percentage = (25.0)<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 58,347<br />
|percentage = (59.6%)<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br />
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress<br />
|swing = 10.65#<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<small>.# Swing calculated on Trinamool Congress+BJP vote percentages taken together in 2006.</small><br />
<br />
===1977-2006===<br />
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]],<ref name=vidhansabha2006/> Anadi Kumar Sahu of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the 157 Vidyasagar assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Pryal Chaudhury of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]. Lakshmi Kanta Dey of CPI(M) defeated Mahua Mondal of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] in 2001.<ref name=vidhansabha2001/> [[Tapas Roy]] of Congress defeated Dr Abir Lal Mukherjee of CPI(M) in 1996.<ref name=vidhansabha1996/> Lakshmi Kanta Dey of CPI(M) defeated Tapas Roy of Congress in 1991,<ref name=vidhansabha1991/> Samir Chakraborty of Congress in 1987,<ref name=vidhansabha1987/> and Biren Mahanti of Congress in 1982.<ref name=vidhansabha1982/> Samar Kumar Rudra of CPI(M) defeated [[Tapan Sikdar|Tapan Kumar Sikdar]] of [[Janata Party]] in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp157.htm |title =157 - VidyaSagar, West Bengal Assembly constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 15 November 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
===1951-1972===<br />
Md. Shamsuzzoha of Congress won in 1972<ref name=vidhansabha1972/> and 1971<ref name=vidhansabha1971/> defeating Samar Kumar Rudra of CPI(M) in both the years. Samar Kumar Rudra of CPI(M) won in 1969<ref name=vidhansabha1969/> defeating Mrinal Kanti Rudra of Congress. Narayan Chandra Roy representing CPI(M) won in 1967<ref name=vidhansabha1967/> defeating D.L.Dutt of Congress. Narayan Chandra Roy representing [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]]<ref name=vidhansabha1962/> defeating B.Halder of Congress and [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]]<ref name=vidhansabha1957/> defeating Shankar Prasad Mitra of Congress. In [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India’s first election]] Narayan Chandra Roy, contesting as an Independent candidate won the Vidyasagar assembly seat defeating Nalin Chandra Pal of Congress.<ref name=vidhansabha1952/><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Kolkata constituencies}}<br />
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}<br />
<br />
{{Coord|22.581|N|88.373|E|display=title|format=dms}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Kolkata district]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br />
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2011]]<br />
[[Category:2011 disestablishments in India]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rekha_Sharma_(Indian_politician)&diff=530256Rekha Sharma (Indian politician)2026-04-11T21:28:15Z<p>Rockybhai3: New some biography initial version!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]<br />
| term_start = 10 December 2024<br />
| term_end =<br />
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Haryana|Haryana]]<br />
| predecessor = [[Krishan Lal Panwar]]<br />
| office1 = National Chairperson of the [[National Commission for Women]]<br />
| term_start1 = 7 August 2018<br />
| term_end1 = 7 August 2024<br />
| predecessor1 = [[Lalitha Kumaramangalam]]<br />
| successor1 = [[Vijaya Kishore Rahatkar]]<ref name="Vijaya Kishore Rahatkar named new National Commission for Women chief">{{cite news |last1=India Today |title=Vijaya Kishore Rahatkar named new National Commission for Women chief |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/vijaya-kishore-rahatkar-new-chairperson-of-the-national-commission-for-women-replaces-rekha-sharma-2619685-2024-10-19 |accessdate=20 October 2024 |date=19 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref><br />
| image = Rekha Sharma NCW.jpg <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Rekha Sharma''' is a former Chairperson of the [[National Commission for Women]] in [[India]].<ref name="indiatoday">{{cite news |title=Rekha Sharma appointed chairperson of NCW |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/rekha-sharma-appointed-chairperson-of-ncw-1309946-2018-08-09 |accessdate=11 December 2018 |work=India Today |agency=PTI |date=9 August 2018 |archive-date=26 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126141910/https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/rekha-sharma-appointed-chairperson-of-ncw-1309946-2018-08-09 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rekha-sharma-is-new-national-commission-for-women-chairperson-1897965 |title=Rekha Sharma Is New National Commission for Women Chairperson |website=NDTV.com |access-date=2018-10-12 |archive-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012094412/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rekha-sharma-is-new-national-commission-for-women-chairperson-1897965 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Rekha Sharma had filed her nomination for the bypoll as a BJP candidate from Haryana on 10 December 2024 and was declared elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha after the deadline for withdrawal of nomination on 13 December 2024 as no other candidate had submitted nomination for the bypolls.<ref name="Rajya Sabha bypolls: Ex-NCW chief and BJP nominee Rekha Sharma elected unopposed">{{cite news |title=Rajya Sabha bypolls: Ex-NCW chief and BJP nominee Rekha Sharma elected unopposed |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rajya-sabha-bypolls-ex-ncw-chief-and-bjp-nominee-rekha-sharma-elected-unopposed/article68981534.ece |access-date=13 December 2024 |publisher=The Hindu |date=13 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213141854/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rajya-sabha-bypolls-ex-ncw-chief-and-bjp-nominee-rekha-sharma-elected-unopposed/article68981534.ece |archive-date=13 December 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref><br />
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__TOC__<br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Sharma is former chairperson of the [[National Commission for Women]] (NCW). As the Chairperson, her job was to advocate for gender equality, spearheading initiatives to further the cause of women's empowerment.<br />
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'''Empowering Law Enforcement: Changing Minds, Empowering Women'''<br />
Sharma spearheaded an innovative collaboration between NCW and the [[Bureau of Police Research and Development]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}} This collaboration aims to empower police personnel across the nation with empathetic responses to gender-based violence victims.<br />
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'''Fostering Economic Empowerment: Cultivating Entrepreneurs'''<br />
Under her leadership, NCW launched a business course benefiting 5,000 aspiring women entrepreneurs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NCW Challenge |url=https://innovateindia.mygov.in/ncw-challenge/ |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=innovateindia.mygov.in |language=en-GB |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830015507/https://innovateindia.mygov.in/ncw-challenge/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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'''Navigating the Digital Landscape: Promoting Digital Literacy'''<br />
NCW played a pivotal role in the "We Think Digital"<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uttar Pradesh has become the first state where Facebook Inc, in partnership with National Commission for Women (NCW) and Cyber Peace Foundation, has launched its 'We Think Digital' program to provide digital literacy to women. |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/facebook-launches-we-think-digital-for-women-in-uttar-pradesh-11581419697306.html |access-date=19 February 2024 |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927164753/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/facebook-launches-we-think-digital-for-women-in-uttar-pradesh-11581419697306.html |url-status=live }}</ref> campaign. This digital literacy endeavour has touched the lives of 60,000 women,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-12-23 |title=NCW aims to provide digital literacy to girl students |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/ncw-aims-to-provide-digital-literacy-to-girl-students/articleshow/88448378.cms |access-date=2023-10-17 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=19 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219174421/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/ncw-aims-to-provide-digital-literacy-to-girl-students/articleshow/88448378.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> equipping them with the skills to navigate the online realm safely and effectively.<br />
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== Criticism ==<br />
Under her leadership, NCW failed to respond to complaints from women rights associations over numerous serious rape crimes perpetrated against Kuki women in the state of Manipur, India. Ms. Sharma failed to respond to written complaints emailed directly to her office on 12 June 2023 filed by a Manipur Tribal Association headquartered abroad. The complaints clearly state the crimes and abuses faced by women, such as being, "disrobed, paraded naked, beaten and then encircled by a marauding Meitei mob and raped in public”, committed on 4 May.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-22 |title=Manipur video: Questions raised over NCW's response to complaints |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ncw-chairperson-rekha-sharma-faces-criticism-for-inaction-on-sex-crime-complaints-in-manipur-amid-ethnic-violence-101689964907344.html |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=9 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230809154153/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ncw-chairperson-rekha-sharma-faces-criticism-for-inaction-on-sex-crime-complaints-in-manipur-amid-ethnic-violence-101689964907344.html |url-status=live }}</ref> There were no replies or acknowledgement from NCW of the complaints until a video showing the alleged crime became viral on Twitter. Critics argue that under her leadership, India has seen little to no progress on the women safety front, and the country still ranks among the least safe nations in the world for women.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Most Dangerous Countries for Women 2023 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=worldpopulationreview.com |archive-date=16 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116122425/https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2024, Sharma faced further criticism from journalists from India and abroad for her response to a complaint about women's safety in India. Many women noted that they were appalled at Sharma's words, recounting the horrors of their travels in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-04 |title=Jharkhand rape case: US journalist lashes out at Rekha Sharma for post; says Indians don't have respect for NCW |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/jharkhand-rape-case-us-journalist-lashes-out-at-rekha-sharma-for-post-says-indians-dont-have-respect-for-ncw-419889-2024-03-04 |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amidst Outrage Against Tourist's Gang-Rape, NCW Head's 'Defaming Country' Tweet Finds Little Resonance |url=https://thewire.in/women/spanish-tourist-jharkhand-gang-rape-ncw-rekha-sharma |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=The Wire}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Rekha}}<br />
[[Category:Indian women's rights activists]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttarakhand]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rice_Memorial_Church&diff=530443Rice Memorial Church2026-04-09T07:56:55Z<p>Rockybhai3: New the article from scratch!</p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox church<br />
| name = Rice Memorial Church<br />
| fullname = London Mission Canarese Chapel, Bangalore<br />
| image = Rice Memorial Church, Bangalore.jpg<br />
| imagesize = 300px<br />
| imagealt = <br />
| landscape = <br />
| caption = Rice Memorial Church, Bangalore (2016)<br />
| pushpin map = <br />
| pushpin label position = t<br />
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| coordinates = {{coord|12.971136|77.5802331|region:IND|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br />
| osgraw = <!-- TEXT --><br />
| osgridref = <!-- {{gbmappingsmall|TEXT}} --><br />
| location = [[Bangalore]]<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| denomination = [[Church of South India]]<br />
| tradition = [[Congregational church|Congregational]]<br />
| membership = <br />
| website = <br />
| former name = LMS Canarese Chapel, Bangalore<br />
| bull date = <br />
| consecrated date = 27 January 1917<br />
| people = <br />
| status = <br />
| functional status = <br />
| heritage designation = <br />
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| previous cathedrals = <br />
| architect = <br />
| architectural type = Classical European<br />
| style = English<br />
| years built = 1913–1916<br />
| groundbreaking = 13 November 1913<br />
| completed date = 1916<br />
| construction cost = BINR 3500<br />
| closed date = <br />
| demolished date = <br />
| capacity = <br />
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| diocese = [[Diocese of Central Karnataka of the Church of South India|Karnataka Central Diocese]]<br />
| diocese start = <br />
| province = <br />
| archbishop = <br />
| bishop = Rt. Rev. Dr. Prasana Kumar Samuel<br />
| pastor = Rev. Noah Vasanthakumar<br />
| dean = <br />
| canonchancellor = <br />
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}}<br />
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The '''Rice Memorial Church''' is located in the busy [[Avenue Road, Bangalore|Avenue Road]], [[Bengaluru Pete|Bangalore Pete]]. It is named after Rev. Benjamin Holt Rice, a missionary of the [[London Missionary Society]] (LMS), a [[Kannada|Canarese]] scholar and a pioneer of education in the [[Bengaluru Pete|Bangalore Pete]] region. The Rice Memorial Church stands on a busy street in the midst of temple, [[dargah]]s, book shops and heavy traffic, with its colonial British structure appearing to be out of place in the traditional Bangalore market district. The church stands on the site of the London Mission Canarese Chapel built by Rev. Rice, which itself was built on the site of the first Canarese chapel built by William Campbell in 1834.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rizvi |first1=Aliyeh |title=A Walk Down Avenue Road |url=https://aturquoisecloud.wordpress.com/2011/02/27/a-temple-a-church-and-a-shrine-on-avenue-road/ |website=A Turquoise Cloud |accessdate=22 October 2015 |date=27 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=G S |title=A Parichay with Avenue Rd's heritage |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/A-Parichay-with-Avenue-Rds-heritage/articleshow/46205054.cms |accessdate=22 October 2015 |issue=Bangalore |work=The Times of India |date=12 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=BRice>{{cite web |title=Benjamin Rice |url=http://ricesinindia.info/?page_id=24 |website=Rices In India: A family devoted to India for 100 years |accessdate=22 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Gourley |first1=B |title=Daily Photo: Rice Memorial Church |url=http://berniegourley.com/2013/09/17/daily-photo-rice-memorial-church/ |website=Stories & Movement: The Sum of a Life |accessdate=22 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Earlier known as Doddapete, Avenue Road could be as old as Bengaluru |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-03-26/news/60515894_1_avenue-road-ranganathaswamy-temple-old-city |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151012001439/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-03-26/news/60515894_1_avenue-road-ranganathaswamy-temple-old-city |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 October 2015 |accessdate=22 October 2015 |agency=ET Bureau |issue=Bangalore |work=The Economic Times |date=26 March 2015}}</ref> The church is a stone building in the European Classical style, with [[Tuscany|Tuscan]] columns, pediments and keystone arch windows. The church building has been demolished and raised at least 3 times, with the current structure consecrated in 1917.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rizvi |first1=Aliyeh |title=A gift from the past |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/columns/others/Resident-Rendezvoyeur-A-gift-from-the-past/articleshow/50162708.cms |accessdate=21 December 2015 |agency=Bangalore Mirror Bureau |issue=Bangalore |work=Bangalore Mirror |date=13 December 2015}}</ref><br />
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Heritage conservationists have been increasingly urging authorities to include the church, along with other important landmarks on the heritage list, as these monuments are being increasingly threatened by the development of Bangalore City. There has been proposals for widening of Avenue Road, which would result in damage or loss of the Rice Memorial Church and other monuments.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Srivatsa |first1=Sharath S |title=City's rapid strides have dwarfed its heritage sites |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/citys-rapid-strides-have-dwarfed-its-heritage-sites/article362454.ece |accessdate=22 October 2015 |issue=Bangalore |work=The Hindu |date=25 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Architects push for heritage zone |url=http://www.bangalorefirst.in/?p=17891 |website=Bangalore First |accessdate=22 October 2015 |date=29 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chamaraj |first1=Kathyaini |title=Protect cultural heritage of Bangalore |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/may232005/editpage1732112005522.asp |accessdate=22 October 2015 |issue=Bangalore |work=Deccan Herald |date=23 May 2005}}</ref> The Rice Memorial is part of the proposed 'Palace-to-Palace' Heritage Corridor (or Golden Corridor), linking [[Tipu Sultan's Summer Palace]] (on Albert Victoria Road) to the [[Bangalore Palace]], passing through KR Road, Avenue Road and Palace Road. The corridor proposed by Bangalore's well known architect Naresh Narasimhan, with consultations from [[Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage]] (INTACH) has however has not been accepted by the [[Government of Karnataka]].<ref name="Kushala 2015">{{cite news |last1=Kushala |first1=S |title=Time Heritage Corridor was Made a Reality |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/Time-Heritage-Corridor-was-made-a-reality/articleshow/46708063.cms |accessdate=23 October 2015 |agency=Bangalore Mirror Bureau |issue=Bangalore |work=Bangalore Mirror |date=27 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="Bora 2015">{{cite news |last1=Bora |first1=Sangeeta |title=Golden Corridor: Bengaluru to have its own heritage zone |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150910/nation-current-affairs/article/golden-corridor-bengaluru-have-its-own-heritage-zone |access-date=23 October 2015 |issue=Bangalore |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=10 September 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Benjamin Holt Rice==<br />
[[File:Students of the London Mission Girls' Boarding School, Bangalore in 1867.jpg|thumb|right|Students of the London Mission Girls' Boarding School (now Mithralaya School), Bangalore in 1867]]<br />
Benjamin Holt Rice was born on 28 May 1814 to Simon Peter Rice, who had a business of wholesale woolen drapers. Benjamin attended school till the age of 13 and showed great interest in the study of scriptures, religion and poetry.<ref name="Damodaran 2017">{{cite news |last1=Damodaran |first1=Akhila |title=Where worship began with canarese hymns |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2017/jan/18/where-worship-began-with-canarese-hymns-1561037--1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202053946/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2017/jan/18/where-worship-began-with-canarese-hymns-1561037--1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 February 2017 |accessdate=30 January 2017 |agency=Express News Service |issue=Bangalore |work=The New Indian Express |date=30 January 2017}}</ref> He started working as a clerk in a lawyer's office at the age of 13. Then at 15, he joined his uncle's counting house business. He became drawn towards religion and joined a church at 15, and in 1834 joined the [[Homerton]] College at [[London Borough of Hackney|Hackney]]. Graduating in 1836, he married Jane Peach Singer from [[Islington]], and was appointed as a missionary to South India by the [[London Missionary Society]]. Rice along with his wife arrived at Madras on 29 December 1836 along with a batch of London Mission missionaries. They left for Bangalore on the night of 6 January 1837, accompanied by their fellow missionaries, travelling in five palanquins and accompanied by 70 bearers. The journey from Madras to Bangalore took a week’s time.<br />
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Rice joined the Bangalore Mission of the London Missionary Society, which consisted of the [[Kannada|Canarese]] circuit which was considered to be conservative and caste-ridden in the Bangalore Peta area ruled by the [[Maharaja of Mysore]], and the [[Tamil Language|Tamil]] circuit which was considered to be progressive and the English circuit for the British Officers, both in the [[Bangalore Cantonment]] which was under the British [[Madras Presidency]]. Within 9 months of his arrival, Rice was able to learn the [[Kannada|Canarese]] language, and starting preaching in that language in the Bangalore Peta region. Rice also mastered [[Tamil Language|Tamil]] and also preached in that language.<br />
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[[File:Benjamin Rice in 1860 - Copy.jpg|thumb|left|Benjamin Rice in 1860<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lovett |first1=Richard |title=The History of the London Missionary Society 1795–1895 |date=1899 |publisher=Henry Frowde |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyoflondonm02love/page/113 113] |url=https://archive.org/details/historyoflondonm02love |accessdate=23 October 2015}}</ref>]]<br />
[[File:Benjamin Rice - Copy.jpg|thumb|right|Benjamin Rice<ref name="Rice 1890" />]]<br />
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In 1840, Mrs. Sewell, wife of Rev. James Sewell, opened the first Canarese Girls School for the natives at the Bangalore Peta. It was the first time native girls were able to attend school in this region. Rice prepared the textbooks in Canarese for teaching Geography and Arithmetic. In 1842, Rice and his wife started boarding at the Canarese School. The school still exists today, located on Mission Road (named after the London Mission), Bangalore and is now called the Mitralaya Girls High School [https://www.google.com.au/maps/place/Mitralaya+Girls+High+School/@12.962698,77.590827,15z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x578a129b456c8ce6?sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0CGgQ_BIwDWoVChMIh_TX3K3VyAIVReCmCh2xXgsf]. The school was supervised by Jane Rice till her death in 1864, when the school had around 400 girl students. After the death of Jane, Benjamin married Catherine Muller, a widow of the German missionary Rev. J J Muller, and daughter of Rev. C T E Rhenius (both of the [[Church Missionary Society]], who served at [[Suviseshapuram]] in [[Tirunelveli district|Tinnevelly]]). Catherine took charge of the boarding school along with her daughter Harriet. Catherine died in 1887, after which Harriet Muller took official charge of the boarding house, serving till 1911 when she retired.<br />
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To impart English education, in 1847, Rice established the Anglo-Vernacular School at Sultanpet, Bangalore, with 100 students. By 1859, there were 397 students, and the school moved into a new building.<br />
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In January 1877, a service to commemorate Rice's 50 years of service to the mission in India was celebrated at London Mission Chapel, Infantry Road, Bangalore. A month after that, he died and was buried at the New Cemetery, [[Hosur Road]], Bangalore. During his lifetime, Rice wrote many treatises on Hinduism, Christianity, Indian literature and about India, both in English and Canarese. Rice also translated and composed many Canarese hymns which are still being used today in Kannada churches. He also served in the revision committee for the Canarese Bible for 19 years.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}<br />
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Benjamin Holt Rice is often confused with his son, [[B. Lewis Rice|Benjamin Lewis Rice]], a scholar of [[Kannada|Canarese]], [[Tamil Language|Tamil]] and [[Grantha alphabet|Grantha]], who compiled the 12 volume [[Epigraphia Carnatica]], recording the ancient inscriptions in the [[Kingdom of Mysore]], and the Mysore Gazette.<ref name=BRice /><ref name="Rice 1890">{{cite book |last1=Rice |first1=Edward Peter |title=Benjamin Rice or Fifty years in the Master's Service |date=1890 |publisher=London Mission Religious Tract Society |location=Piccadilly |pages=[https://archive.org/details/benjaminriceorfi00rice/page/192 192] |url=https://archive.org/details/benjaminriceorfi00rice |accessdate=22 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Priyanka S |title=The Rice family legacy: where it all started |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/article384034.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126112730/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/article384034.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 November 2015 |accessdate=22 October 2015 |issue=Bangalore |work=The New Indian Express |date=20 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Benjamin Rice, by his son Edward P. Rice, Bangalore (Religious Tract Society) |journal=The Spectator |date=28 June 1890 |page=42 |url=http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/28th-june-1890/42/benjamin-rice-by-his-son-edward-p-rice-bangalore-r |accessdate=22 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Badley |first1=Brenton Hamline |title=Indian Missionary Directory and Memorial Volume |date=1876 |publisher=American Methodist Mission Press |location=Lucknow |page=[https://archive.org/details/indianmissionar00badlgoog/page/n54 36] |url=https://archive.org/details/indianmissionar00badlgoog |accessdate=23 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Chapter XV: Education and Culture, Bangalore District Gazette 1990 |publisher=Government of Karnataka |url=http://www.karnataka.gov.in/Gazetteer/Publications/District%20Gazetteers/Bangalore%20District/1990/Bangalore_1990_Chapter15_Education_and_Culture.pdf |accessdate=22 October 2015}}</ref> The works of Benjamin Holt Rice is part of the Rice Papers Collection of the Cambridge University, donated by his son.<ref>{{cite web |title=Centre of South Asian Studies: Archive |url=http://www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/archive/papers/handlist/Handlist_R.htm |website=University of Cambridge |accessdate=22 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021201831/http://www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/archive/papers/handlist/Handlist_R.htm |archivedate=21 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Damodaran |first1=Akhila |title=Jane's abode of friends |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2017/mar/15/janes-abode-of-friends-1581743--1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826032417/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2017/mar/15/janes-abode-of-friends-1581743--1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 August 2017 |accessdate=10 November 2017 |agency=Express News Service |issue=Bangalore |work=The New Indian Express |date=15 March 2017}}</ref><br />
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Jane Peach Rice, the wife of Benjamin Rice died on 11 March 1864, aged 57 years, and is buried at the Agram Protestant Cemetery in Bangalore. The Agram cemetery also has the graves of Mary Ann Hodson wife of [[Thomas Hodson]] of the Wesleyan Missionary Society who died on 10 August 1866 aged 68, Catherine wife of Matthew Trevan Male of the Wesleyan Missionary Society who died on 29 August 1865 aged 49, Fanny Lees child of Catherine and Matthew Male born 29 January 1861 and died 24 April 1861, and Rev. Alexander Maceallum, Missionary of the Free [[Church of Scotland]] died 10 June 1862.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Ronnie |title=The Old Protestant Cemetery or Agram Cemetery |url=http://geocitiessites.com/Athens/2960/grave1.htm |website=Bangalore Walla |accessdate=19 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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==Campbell's Petah Chapel, 1834==<br />
[[File:The Main Street of the Pettah, Bangalore - Copy.jpg|thumb|right|The Main Street of the Pettah, Bangalore, 1890<ref name="Rice 1890" />]]<br />
[[File:Mission Chapel at Bangalore (Campbell, 1839).jpg|thumb|left|250px|London Mission Chapel, Infantry Road, Bangalore Cantonment where Tamil and English Services were held, 1839<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=William |title=British India in Its Relation to the Decline of Hindooism, and the Progress of Christianity: Containing Remarks on the Manners, Customs, and Literature of the People |date=1839 |publisher=John Snow |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/britishindiaini00campgoog/page/n482 458] |url=https://archive.org/details/britishindiaini00campgoog |quote=bangalore. |accessdate=23 October 2015}}</ref>]]<br />
In 1834, William Campbell of the London Mission raised a chapel on Infantry Road (between [[St. Andrew's Church, Bangalore|St. Andrew's Church]] and [[St. Paul's Church, Bangalore|St. Paul's]], currently Gem Plaza) in the [[Bangalore Cantonment|Bangalore Civil and Military Station]], incurring a cost of BINR 8000 raised by public subscription, where services were held in Tamil, English and Canarese. In the same year, Campbell obtained land in the main thoroughfare of the [[Bengaluru Pete|Bangalore Petah]] and a Canarese Chapel was raised and the Canarese services was moved there. The chapel also served as a school and venue for religious discussions with the locals. In 1835, Campbell left for England, leaving the Canarese Chapel in the hands of the native Canarese converts. In 1837, the Canarese chapel was dissolved by Rev. Benjamin Rice and Rev. Colin Campbell, after serious internal conflict within the native congregation on the lines of caste. An inquiry exposed the full scale of the problem, with native converts still adhering to caste hierarchies which was unacceptable to the Mission. In the same year, a regular services re-commenced in the Petah Chapel starting on the occasion of [[Lord's Day]]. In 1839, the Petah Chapel was extended to accommodate the growing congregation. In 1845, there was a further extension, and the chapel was also used as an English day school.<ref name="Sewell 1858">{{cite book |last1=Sewell |first1=James |title=Proceedings of the South India missionary conference, held at Ootacamund, April 19th-May 5th, 1858 |date=1858 |publisher=SPCK Press |location=Vepery, Madras |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3P4CAAAAQAAJ&dq=London+Mission+Canarese+Chapel+Bangalore&pg=PA97 |accessdate=23 October 2015 |chapter=Bangalore Mission of the London Missionary Society}}</ref> Due to increase in the size of the congregation, the chapel was razed down to make way for building the new larger Canarese Chapel at the Bangalore Petah.<ref name=Chapel1851 /><br />
<br />
==Canarese Chapel, Bangalore, 1851==<br />
In 1851, the Canarese Chapel was raised on the grounds where Campbell's chapel stood. The building was much larger than the original chapel and was raised at a cost of BINR 3500 (£350), raised from the proceeds of the sale of the Mission House in Mysore.<ref name="Sewell 1858" /> The opening of the New Canarese Chapel at Bangalore was reported by Rev. Campbell, Rev. Rice and Rev. Sewell and published in the Missionary Magazine and Chronicle of April 1852, along with a sketch. The chapel stood as an impressive European Hall in the midst of native mud houses. The dimensions of the chapel were length of 53 feet, width of 32 feet and height of 20 feet. There was an verandah outside, which served for addressing the natives during weekdays, and vestry attached to the building. There was also a dwelling house for the native teacher and his family. The chapel was consecrated on 19 October 1851, with the opening services commenced by Rev. Rice. Others in<ref name="Slater 1898">{{cite journal |last1=Slater |first1=T E |title=Our Missionary Districts: Bangalore |journal=The Chronicle of the London Missionary Society |date=September 1898 |issue=81 |pages=214–216 |url=https://archive.org/details/chronicleoflond1898lond_7 |accessdate=23 October 2015}}</ref> attendance included Rev. [[Daniel Sanderson]] of the Wesleyan Mission, Rev. James Sewell, Rev C Campbell, many other Europeans and many prominent residents of the Bangalore Petah.<ref name=Chapel1851>{{cite journal |title=Opening of a New Chapel at Bangalore |journal=Missionary Magazine and Chronicle |date=April 1852 |issue=CXCL |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hdg7AAAAcAAJ&dq=opening+of+new+chapel+at+bangalore&pg=RA1-PA62 |accessdate=23 October 2015}}</ref> In 1907, the Canarese Chapel was deemed as being structurally unsafe and was vacated.<ref name="The Harvest Field 1917" /><br />
<br />
<gallery mode=packed heights=200px><br />
File:Canarese Chapel, Bangalore, The Missionary Magazine and Chronicle, April 1852 - Copy.jpg|Canarese Chapel, Bangalore, 1851<ref name=Chapel1851 /><br />
File:In Bangalore (Canarese Chapel on the right). Illustration for Conquests of the Cross, A Record of Missionary Work throughout the World edited by Edwin Hodder (Cassell, c 1890).jpg|In Bangalore (Canarese Chapel on the right), 1890<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hodder |first1=Edwin |title=Conquests of the Cross, A Record of Missionary Work throughout the World: Vol. 3: Special Edition |date=1890 |publisher=Cassell and Company Limited |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/conquestsofcross03hodd/page/325 325] |url=https://archive.org/details/conquestsofcross03hodd |accessdate=23 October 2015}}</ref><br />
File:Bangalore, South India, 1898 - Copy.jpg|Bangalore, South India, 1898, Rough Map by Rev. T E Slater of LMS showing the location of the London Mission Canarese Chapel<ref name="Slater 1898" /><br />
File:Bangalore Institution (LMS, 1869, p.55).jpg|London Mission Bangalore Institution (LMS, 1869, p.&nbsp;55)<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=London Missionary Society |title=Fruits of Toil in the London Missionary Society |date=1869 |publisher=John Snow & Co. |location=London |page=55 |url=https://archive.org/details/fruitsoftoilinth17115gut |accessdate=12 September 2016}}</ref><br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Rice Memorial, 1917==<br />
After being deemed as unsafe, the Canerese Chapel was vacated. In 1912, the building plan for the new church was ready, but funding was delayed by the directors of the London Missionary Society. The foundation to the new church was laid on the grounds of the old Canarese Chapel on 13 November 1913 by Mrs. E P Rice and Dr. Horton. However, shortly after that the Bangalore Peta Municipality wanted to widen the Peta (Avenue) Road and wanted 15&nbsp;ft. of frontage to be maintained. With the new regulations, it was impossible to build the church. The Municipality offered an alternate site for the church, and after persistent negotiations over 2 years, helped acquire the adjoining property, hence making available space for a larger church building. A sum of BINR 3500 was contributed by the native Indians for the building fund. The completed Rice Memorial Church was formally opened by Mrs. Blake, the daughter of Rev. Benjamin Rice on 27 January 1917. A silver key was presented to Mrs. Blake on this occasion. The inauguration service was conducted by Rev. Geo Wilkins. Others in attendance included<br />
* H D Rice, grandson of Rev. Rice<br />
* Rev. Lewis R Scudder, President, South India United Church (SIUC)<br />
* Rev. R A Hickling, President, Canarese Church Council<br />
* Rev. D A Rees, Chairman, Wesleyan Mission in Mysore<br />
* Rev. S Francis, Pastor, SIUC Tamil Church<br />
* Paul Daniel, Pastor, SIUC Canarese Church<br />
* Rev. George Wilkins<br />
* Rev. E H Lewis, Bellary<br />
* Rev. F A Stowell, Bellary<br />
* A W Gunstone<br />
* Rev. A Brough, Chairman, South India District Committee, London Missionary Society<br />
* Rev. W H Throp, Wesleyan Mission<br />
* Rev. G E Phillips<br />
<br />
The offertory collected during the inaugural services amounted to 432 Rupees, 5 [[Anna (monetary subunit)|Annas]] and 11 Pice<ref name="The Harvest Field 1917">{{cite journal |title=Current Mission News: Dedication and Opening of the Rice Memorial Church, Bangalore |journal=The Harvest Field |date=February 1917 |volume=XXXVII |issue=2 |pages=75–77 |url=http://imageserver.library.yale.edu/digcoll:328920/500.pdf |accessdate=22 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=South India United Church, Rice Memorial Church, Bangalore City : dedication and opening services, January 27th, 28th, 29th and February 4th, 1917 |date=1917 |publisher=South India United Church. Rice Memorial Church |url=https://library.soas.ac.uk/Record/294320 |accessdate=23 October 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Rice Memorial Church Centenary, 2017==<br />
In January 2017, The Rice Memorial Church, Bangalore, celebrated its centenary year. A special communion service was held on 29 January 2017 as part of the 100 years celebrations. This service was attended the descendants of Rev. Rice, Douglas Walthew Rice, his wife, Alison, and his son, Benjamin Rice, who came from London especially to attend the service. The service was held in Kannada, and was attended by people of different faiths. Some of the others taking part in the celebrations were Bishop(Retd) Rev. Balmi from Dharwad, Bishop B K Nayak from Odisha, Rev. Dr. Rathnakar Sadananda, Rev. M M George and Rev. S Sujeeth Kumar.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shiva Shankar |first1=B V |title=Centenary of Rice Church brings special visitors to city |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/centenary-of-rice-church-brings-special-visitors-to-city/articleshow/56861210.cms |accessdate=30 January 2017 |agency=TNN |issue=Bangalore |work=The Times of India |date=30 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="Damodaran 2017" /><br />
<br />
==Palace-to-Palace Heritage Corridor==<br />
The 'Palace-to-Palace' Heritage Corridor was proposed by architect Naresh Narasimhan of Venkataramanan Associates, in consultation by INTACH, to create a heritage zone, protecting old monuments and banning of new modern constructions. The proposed corridor started at the City Institute on Krishna Rajendra Road (KR Road), cutting through Makkala Koota, [[Tipu Sultan's Summer Palace]], [[Victoria Hospital (Bangalore Medical College)|Victoria Hospital]], [[Bangalore Fort]], entering [[Avenue Road, Bangalore|Avenue Road]] crossing Rice Memorial, hitting Mysore Bank Circle, continuing on to Palace Road going past Maharani's College, SJI Polytechnic, [[Central College of Bangalore|Central College]], Carlton House, KPSC building, stretching till the reservoir, [[Raj Bhavan (Karnataka)|Raj Bhavan]], Balabrooie, and [[National Gallery of Modern Art, Bangalore|Manikyavelu Mansion]] and ending at [[Bangalore Palace]]. Other historic monuments and landmarks to be included in corridor are [[Mount Carmel College, Bangalore|Mount Carmel College]], Bangalore Golf Club, [[Freedom Park, Bangalore|Freedom Park]], [[Bangalore University]] City Campus, [[University Law College, Bangalore|University Law College]], [[State Bank of Mysore|Mysore Bank]], Historic Centre of Bangalore, [[K. R. Market|Krishna Rajendra Market (KR Market or City Market)]], St. Luke's Church, [[Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute|Bangalore Medical College]] and Bangalore Fort High School. However the proposal has not been accepted by the [[Government of Karnataka]].<ref name="Kushala 2015" /><ref name="Bora 2015" /><br />
<br />
<gallery mode=packed heights=200px><br />
File:The Dodda Pet, Bangalore (Caine, 1891, p.523) - Copy.jpg|The Dodda Pet, Bangalore (Caine, 1891, p.&nbsp;523)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Caine |first1=William Sproston |title=Picturesque India: A Handbook for European Travellers |date=1890 |publisher=London and G. Routledge & Sons, Limited |location=London |isbn=978-1-274-04399-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/picturesqueindi00caingoog/page/n568 523] |url=https://archive.org/details/picturesqueindi00caingoog |accessdate=26 October 2015}}</ref><br />
File:Fort and Pettah of Bangalore (p.139, 1849) - Copy.jpg|Fort and Pettah of Bangalore (p.&nbsp;139, 1849)<ref>{{cite journal |title=Fort and Pettah of Bangalore |journal=Wesleyan Juvenile Offering |year=1849 |volume=VI |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TVwEAAAAQAAJ&dq=wesleyan+tamil+chapel+bangalore&pg=PA140 |accessdate=9 November 2015 |publisher=Wesleyan Mission-House |location=London}}</ref><br />
File:A Bazar, or Shop, in One of the Principal Streets of Bangalore (p.97, 1856) - Copy.jpg|A Bazar, or Shop, in One of the Principal Streets of Bangalore (p.&nbsp;97, 1856)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hodson |first1=Richard G |title=A Bazar, or Shop, in One of the Principal Streets of Bangalore |journal=Wesleyan Juvenile Offering |date=September 1856 |volume=XIII |url=https://archive.org/details/wesleyanjuvenil18socigoog |accessdate=10 November 2015 |publisher=Wesleyan Mission House |location=London}}</ref><br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Hudson Memorial Church, Bangalore]]<br />
* [[Thomas Hodson]]<br />
* [[United Mission School]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christian missions in India]]<br />
[[Category:Church of South India church buildings in India]]<br />
[[Category:Churches in Bengaluru]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rudrapatna&diff=531032Rudrapatna2026-04-07T13:16:57Z<p>Rockybhai3: </p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br />
<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Rudrapatna<br />
| native_name = <br />
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| coordinates = {{coord|12.5961|N|76.1227|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
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| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]<br />
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Hassan district|Hassan]]<br />
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| postal_code = 573 150<br />
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| area_code = 08175<br />
| registration_plate = KA-13<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Rudrapatna''' is a small village on the banks of the [[Kaveri river]] in [[Arkalgud]] taluk of [[Hassan district]] in the [[India]]n State of [[Karnataka]].<br />
<br />
The village is known for its rich musical heritage. The village was an abode of Veda, Nada, and Taranga, according to the renowned [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] vocalist, [[R. K. Padmanabha]]. Rudrapatna stands apart as it has the honour of having contributed many artistes to [[Carnatic music]].<ref name='Rudrapatna - Hindu'>{{cite news | title=Rudrapatna on| date=2007-01-08 | url =http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/12/10/stories/2006121000350700.htm | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070318060021/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/12/10/stories/2006121000350700.htm | url-status =dead | archive-date =2007-03-18 | accessdate = 2007-01-21 | work=[[The Hindu]]| location=Chennai, India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Musical history==<br />
The village has had a rich musical history. Bhaskar Avadhani, an authority on the History of Rudrapatna calls the place the confluence of ''Veda Brahma'' and ''Nada Brahma''. He recounts that the people of the village migrated from [[Sengottai]] in Tirunelveli District of Tamil Nadu. They came in two groups. While one group settled down at Koushika village in Hassan, another came to Bettadapura. People from there started inhabiting on the banks of river Cauvery and one such village formed as Rudrapatna. [[Sanketis|Sankethis]], as they were known, practised Vedas and music. While Dikshitas and Somayajis performed ''Yajna'' and ''Yaga'', others spent most of their time learning ''Shathavadhana'', chanting of [[Veda]] and music. It was a place of ''Ghanapathi'', ''Shatvadani'', ''Ashtavadhani'' and musicians. The Channakeshava Temple of this village is more than a thousand years old.<ref name='Rudrapatna - Hindu' /><br />
<br />
Unlike other contemporary musicians, it is claimed that musicians from this village did not aspire for ''Rajashraya'' (patronage of royalty). Renowned musician from Rudrapatna [[R. K. Padmanabha|R K Padmanabha]] adds that a mass desertion of the village took place following a plague. He also claims that nearly 60 per cent of the currently performing [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] musicians in Karnataka hail from Rudrapatna.<ref name='History of Rudrapatna - Hindu'>{{cite news | title=History of Rudrapatna | date=2007-01-08 | url =http://www.hinduonnet.com/2003/05/17/stories/2003051702250500.htm | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070319175358/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2003/05/17/stories/2003051702250500.htm | url-status =usurped | archive-date =19 March 2007 | accessdate = 2007-01-21 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Noted musicians==<br />
Several noted musicians such as R.S. Keshavamurthy, R.K. Ramanathan, R.K. Srikantan, R.K.Srinivasamurthy,<br />
R.K. Suryanarayana, R.N. Thyagarajan and R.N. Tharanathan (also known as [[Rudrapatnam Brothers]]), R.K. Raghavan, R.K. Prakash, R K Prasanna Kumar, R.K. Padmanabha, R.S. Ramakanth, R.N. Sreelatha and Rathnamala Prakash (a renowned light music artist also), R.P. Prashanth and R.P. Pramod (also knows as Rudrapatna Veena Brothers), who have carved a niche for themselves, hail from this village.<ref name='Rudrapatna - Hindu' /> <br />
<br />
R.K. Krishna Shastry was another noted vocalist and Harikathe Vidwan, who hailed from Rudrapatna. Venkataramiah, popularly known as Thimmappa, was a renowned [[Veena]] vidwan. He is best known for his Viriboni Varna in [[Kedaragowla]] raga. Shathavadhani Venkataraya was another popular veena vidwan. Veene Shamanna, Veene Shrikantaiah, Veene Ranganath and R.S. Keshava Murthy, who was a disciple of the legendary Veene Subbanna are all from Rudrapatna. Music critic Mysore V Subrahmanya has noted that the village has produced several musicians and scholars, including Veena Rangashastry, who have occupied the position of court musicians at the Mysore palace.<ref name='Rudrapatna - Hindu' /><br />
<br />
[[R. K. Shriramkumar]] is another noted Violin Vidwan, having been conferred the coveted Sangeetha Kalanidhi title by the [[Madras Music Academy]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sangita Kalanidhi |url=https://musicacademymadras.in/sangita-kalanidhi/ |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=Music Academy}}</ref>. <br />
<br />
[[Shashank Subramanyam]] is a renowned flautist further hailing from Rudrapatna. <ref>https://www.shashank.org/about</ref><br />
<br />
Notable Personalities<br />
* [[R. Shamasastry]] - [[Sanskrit]] scholar and discoverer of the lost manuscript of the [[Arthashastra]]<br />
<br />
== Political Recognition ==<br />
<br />
Padmavati Gangadhara Gowda is Daughter of RH Javaragowda (Late Rudrapatna Grama Panchayat chairman for 20 years) has been elected as Mayor of Karnataka capital Bangalore. She also been elected as Janata party (ladies) president in the year 2008.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Hassan district]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chiraiyakot&diff=469568Chiraiyakot2026-03-28T08:57:37Z<p>Rockybhai3: </p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{refimprove|date=April 2025}}<br />
<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Chiraiyakot<br />
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| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh<br />
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| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|26.03|N|83.56|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = India<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mau district|Mau]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
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| named_for = <br />
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| elevation_m = 66<br />
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| population_as_of = 2017<br />
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| postal_code = 276129<br />
| registration_plate = UP.54<br />
| website = <br />
https://npchiraiyakot.in/<br />
| footnotes = <br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Chiraiyakot''' is a town in [[Mau district]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2025 |title=Chiraya Kot Population - Mau, Uttar Pradesh |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/197584-chiraya-kot-uttar-pradesh.html |website=census2011.co.in |publisher=Census Organization of India |access-date=April 10, 2025}}</ref> The old Chiraiyakot town is segmented into different '[[Mohallas]]'. Historically, this region was ruled and under the control of royal family of the [[Solar dynasty|Suryavanshi]] [[Kakan Rajputs]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=कुमार |first=रमेश |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF/8aQbuAAACAAJ?hl=en |title=काकन् क्षत्रियों का इतिहास |date=2011 |publisher=कला प्रकाशन |isbn=978-93-80467-91-7 |language=hi}}</ref>, they are [[Raghuvanshi]] [[Kshatriya]] from legendary [[Ikshvaku dynasty]] decendants of legendary lord [[Shri Ram]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=कुमार |first=रमेश |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF/8aQbuAAACAAJ?hl=en |title=काकन् क्षत्रियों का इतिहास |date=2011 |publisher=कला प्रकाशन |isbn=978-93-80467-91-7 |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}} <br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mau district]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)_%E2%80%93_Tripura&diff=494822Communist Party of India (Marxist) – Tripura2026-03-28T06:56:24Z<p>Rockybhai3: </p>
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<div>{{More citations needed|date=November 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian political party|name=Communist Party of India (Marxist), Tripura<br />
|eci=|party_logo=[[File:CPI(M) Official Logo.png|150px]]|colorcode={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|general_secretary=[[Jitendra Chaudhury]]|headquarters=[[Melarmath, Agartala]]|alliance=[[Left Front (Tripura)]]<br/>[[Secular Democratic Front]] (SDF) (Tripura)<br/>[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|I.N.D.I.A.]] (National)|loksabha_seats={{Composition bar|0|2|hex=#FF0000}}|rajyasabha_seats={{Composition bar|0|2|hex=#FF0000}}|ideology={{nowrap|[[Communism]]<ref name="OUP_Ideology">{{cite book|title=Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies|author=Chakrabarty, Bidyut|isbn=978-0-1999-7489-4|lccn=2014003207|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oEtRBAAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] }}</ref>}}|Political position=[[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]<ref>—{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/31/indias-election-results-were-more-than-modi-wave/ |title=India's election results were more than a 'Modi wave' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=31 May 2019}}<br />
<br />—{{cite news |last=Withnall |first=Adam |date=2 January 2019 |title=Protesters form 620km 'women's wall' in India as female devotees pray at Hindu temple for first time |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/womens-wall-protest-india-kerala-temple-hindu-pray-supreme-court-sexism-a8708381.html |website=[[The Independent]]}}<br />
<br />—{{cite web |url=https://thewire.in/rights/manipur-arrests-cpi-secretary-caa-protests |title=Manipur: CPI State Secretary, Blogger Arrested over CAA Protests |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |access-date=24 December 2019}}<br />
<br />—{{cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Shubhadeep |date=4 May 2020 |title=West Bengal has the highest mortality rate of COVID-19 patients: IMCT |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/west-bengal-has-the-highest-mortality-rate-of-covid-19-patients-imct-80301 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]}}<br />
<br />—{{cite journal |last=Nandi |first=Proshanta |date=2005 |title=Communism through the Ballot Box: Over a Quarter Century of Uninterrupted Rule in West Bengal |journal=Sociological Bulletin |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=171–194 |doi=10.1177/0038022920050202 |jstor=23620496 |s2cid=157014751 |issn=0038-0229}}<br />
<br />—{{cite journal |last=Fernandes |first=Leela |date=1996 |title=Review of Development Policy of a Communist Government: West Bengal since 1977, ; Indian Communism: Opposition, Collaboration and Institutionalization, Ross Mallick |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=1041–1043 |doi=10.2307/2646581 |jstor=2646581 |s2cid=236090170 |issn=0021-9118}}<br />
<br />—{{cite journal |last=Moodie |first=Deonnie |date=August 2019 |title=On Blood, Power and Public Interest: The Concealment of Hindu Sacrificial rites under Indian Law |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-law-and-religion/article/on-blood-power-and-public-interest-the-concealment-of-hindu-sacrificial-rites-under-indian-law/339C7920CEB8F426D575635EDC6ACE9B |journal=Journal of Law and Religion |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=165–182 |doi=10.1017/jlr.2019.24 |s2cid=202333308 |issn=0748-0814|url-access=subscription }}</ref>|publication=[[Daily Desher Katha]]|youth=*[[Democratic Youth Federation of India]]<br />
*[[Tribal Youth Federation]]|students=*[[Students' Federation of India]]<br />
*[[Tribal Students Union|Tribal Students’ Union]]|women=[[All India Democratic Women's Association]]|labour=[[Centre of Indian Trade Unions]]|peasants=*[[All India Kisan Sabha (36 Canning Lane)|All India Kisan Sabha]]<br />
*[[All India Agricultural Workers Union]]|website={{URL|https://cpim.org/}}|flag=[[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|200px]]<br />
| state_seats_name = [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]] <br />
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|10|60|hex=#FF0000}}<br />
| state2_seats_name = [[Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council]]<br />
| state2_seats = {{Composition bar|0|30|hex=#FF0000}}<br />
|symbol = [[File:CPI(M) Election symbol.png|100px]]<br />
}}<br />
The '''[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]''', or simply, CPI(M) Tripura; is the state unit of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) of the [[Tripura]]. Its head office is situated at [[Melarmath, Agartala]]. The current secretary of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) Tripura State Committee is [[Jitendra Chaudhury]].<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
<br />
=== Tripura Legislative Assembly election ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Year<br />
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Party leader<br />
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Seats won<br />
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Change<br/>in seats<br />
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Outcome<br />
|- <br />
|[[1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
| rowspan="1" |<br />
|{{Composition bar|2|30|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}<br />
|{{Increase}} New<br />
|{{No2|Opposition}}<br />
|- <br />
|[[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br />
|<br />
|{{Composition bar|16|60|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}<br />
|{{increase}} 14<br />
|{{No2|Opposition}}<br />
|- <br />
|[[1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Nripen Chakraborty]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|51|60|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}<br />
|{{increase}}35<br />
|{{yes2|Government}}<br />
|- <br />
|[[1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1983]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|37|60|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}<br />
|{{decrease}} 14<br />
|{{yes2|Government}}<br />
|- <br />
|[[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1988]]<br />
|<br />
|{{Composition bar|26|60|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}<br />
|{{Decrease|11}}11<br />
|{{No2|Opposition}}<br />
|- <br />
|[[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1993]]<br />
| rowspan="1" |[[Dasarath Deb]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|44|60|#FF0000|background-color=}}<br />
|{{Increase}}18<br />
|{{yes2|Government}}<br />
|- <br />
|[[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1998]]<br />
| rowspan="5" |[[Manik Sarkar]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|38|60|#FF0000}}<br />
|{{Decrease}}6<br />
|{{yes2|Government}}<br />
|- <br />
|[[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|38|60|#FF0000}}<br />
|{{Steady}}<br />
|{{yes2|Government}}<br />
|- <br />
|[[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|46|60|#FF0000}}<br />
|{{Increase}}8<br />
|{{yes2|Government}}<br />
|- <br />
|[[2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|49|60|#FF0000}}<br />
|{{Increase}}3<br />
|{{yes2|Government}}<br />
|- <br />
|[[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|16|60|#ff0000}}<br />
|{{Decrease}}33<br />
|{{No2|Opposition}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
|[[Jitendra Chaudhury]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|11|60|#ff0000}}<br />
|{{Decrease}}5<br />
|{{No2|Opposition}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Lok Sabha ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Year<br />
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Party leader<br />
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Seats won<br />
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Change<br/>in seats<br />
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Outcome<br />
|- <br />
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Puchalapalli Sundarayya]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|2|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}<br />
|New<br />
|Opposition<br />
|- <br />
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|2|2|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}<br />
|{{Increase}}2<br />
|Opposition<br />
|- <br />
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|2|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}<br />
|{{Decrease}}2<br />
|Government<br />
|- <br />
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|2|2|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}<br />
|{{Increase}}2<br />
|Opposition<br />
|- <br />
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|2|2|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}<br />
|{{Steady}}<br />
|Opposition<br />
|- <br />
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|2|#FF0000|background-color=}}<br />
|{{Decrease}}2<br />
|Outside support to National Front government<br />
|- <br />
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|2|#FF0000}}<br />
|{{Steady}}<br />
|Opposition<br />
|- <br />
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Harkishan Singh Surjeet]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|2|2|#FF0000}}<br />
|{{Increase}}2<br />
|Opposition, later government<br />
|- <br />
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|2|2|#FF0000}}<br />
|{{Steady}}<br />
|Opposition<br />
|- <br />
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|2|2|#FF0000}}<br />
|{{Steady}}<br />
|Opposition<br />
|- <br />
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|2|2|#ff0000}}<br />
|{{Steady}}<br />
|Outside support to UPA government<br />
|-<br />
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Prakash Karat]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|2|2|#ff0000}}<br />
|{{Steady}}<br />
|Opposition<br />
|-<br />
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|2|2|#FF0000}}<br />
|{{Steady}}<br />
|Opposition<br />
|-<br />
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Sitaram Yechury]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|2|#ff0000}}<br />
|{{Decrease}}2<br />
|Opposition<br />
|-<br />
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|2|#ff0000}}<br />
|{{Steady}}<br />
|Opposition<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==List of Chief ministers of Tripura from CPI(M)==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|- align=center<br />
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"| Name<br />
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Portrait<br />
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Term(s)<br />
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Tenure(s)<br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{sortname|Nripen|Chakraborty}}<br />
|[[File:Nripen_Chakraborty.jpg|100px]]<br />
|2<br />
|{{dts|format=dmy|1978|1|5}} – {{dts|format=dmy|1988|2|5}} {{small|({{age in years and days|1978|1|5|1988|2|5}})}}<br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{sortname|Dasarath|Deb}}<br />
|[[File:Dasarath_Deb1946.jpg|100px]]<br />
|1<br />
|{{dts|format=dmy|1993|4|10}} – {{dts|format=dmy|1998|3|11}} {{small|({{age in years and days|1993|4|10|1998|3|11}})}}<br />
|-<br />
!scope=row|{{sortname|Manik|Sarkar}}<br />
|[[File:Manik Sarkar Official Portrait.jpg|100px|alt=A photograph of Manik Sarkar]]<br />
|4<br />
|{{dts|format=dmy|1998|3|11}} – {{dts|format=dmy|2018|3|9}} {{small|({{age in years and days|1998|3|11|2018|3|9}})}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== State Secretary List ==<br />
* Jithendra Chowdhary : 2021-incumbent<br />
* Goutham Das : 2018–2021<br />
* Bijen Dhar : 2008–2018<br />
* Baidhyanath Manjumdhar : 1998–2008<br />
* Manik Sarkar : 1993–1998<br />
* Desarath Deb : 1988–1993<br />
<br />
==List of Current Members in Tripura Legislative Assembly==<br />
{{main|13th Tripura Assembly}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" <br />
|-<br />
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"| No.<br />
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"| Constituency<br />
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"| Name<br />
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" colspan="2" | Party<br />
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"| Win Margin<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|[[Bamutia Assembly constituency|Bamutia]] (SC)<br />
| Nayan Sarkar<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|2,026<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|[[Barjala Assembly constituency|Barjala]] (SC)<br />
| Sudip Sarkar<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|1,789<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|[[Pratapgarh, Tripura Assembly constituency|Pratapgarh]] (SC)<br />
| Ramu Das<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|2,086<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|[[Sonamura Assembly constituency|Sonamura]]<br />
|[[Shyamal Chakraborty]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|2,415<br />
|- <br />
|25<br />
|[[Khowai Assembly constituency|Khowai]]<br />
|Nirmal Biswas<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|1,040<br />
|- <br />
|35<br />
|[[Belonia Assembly constituency|Belonia]]<br />
| Dipankar Sen<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|403<br />
|- <br />
|37<br />
|[[Hrishyamukh Assembly constituency|Hrishyamukh]]<br />
| [[Asoke Chandra Mitra]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|1,418<br />
|- <br />
|40<br />
|[[Sabroom Assembly constituency|Sabroom]]<br />
| [[Jitendra Chaudhury]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|396<br />
|-<br />
|54<br />
|[[Kadamtala-Kurti Assembly constituency|Kadamtala-Kurti]]<br />
| Islam Uddin<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|1,892<br />
|-<br />
|57<br />
|[[Jubarajnagar Assembly constituency|Jubarajnagar]]<br />
| Sailendra Chandra Nath <br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|296<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), Kerala]]<br />
* [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal]]<br />
* [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), Tamil Nadu]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Communist Party of India (Marxist) - Tripura}}<br />
[[Category:Political parties in Tripura]]<br />
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br />
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]<br />
<br />
{{India-party-stub}}</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raja_Aghar_Khan&diff=528298Raja Aghar Khan2026-03-25T14:39:13Z<p>Rockybhai3: New the entry basic info!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|19th-century Rajput ruler of Rajouri}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| name = Raja Aghar Khan<br />
| native_name = <br />
| title = [[Raja]]<br />
| succession = [[Raja]] of [[Rajouri]]<br />
| reign = 1808–1819<br />
| coronation = 1808<br />
| predecessor = Raja Karamullah Khan<br />
| successor = Raja Rahimullah Khan<br />
| issue = Raja Hameedullah Khan<br />
| regnal name = {{nq|راجہ آغر خان}}<br />
| birth_date = <br />
| birth_place = [[Rajouri]], [[Kashmir]]<br />
| death_date = 1825<br />
| death_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab]]<br />
| place of burial = <br />
| dynasty = [[Jarral]]<br />
| father =Raja Karamullah Khan<br />
| mother = <br />
| religion = [[Islam]]<br />
{{Infobox military person <br />
| embed = yes<br />
| rank= [[Raja]]<br />
| battles = <br />
* [[Battle of Kashmir (1814)]]<br />
* [[Battle of Shopian]]<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Raja Aghar Khan''' (also spelled '''Agar Khan''', '''Aghar Khan''', or '''Agar Khan'''{{Efn|In the book ''Gulab Singh 1792–1858'' by K. M. Panikkar, Aghar Khan is referred to as Ajar Khan of Rajouri.|group=Lower-alpha}}) was a military commander and royal from [[Rajouri]]. He was a [[Muslim Jarral Rajput]] prince and the son of Raja Karamullah Khan. Raja Aghar Khan was known for his resistance against [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] and the [[Sikh Empire]].<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Rajouri |url=https://rajouri.nic.in/history/ |website=District Rajouri |publisher=Government of India |access-date=17 March 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and Ascension ==<br />
Raja Aghar Khan succeeded his father, Raja Karamullah Khan, in 1808 as part of the royal [[Jarral]] clan ruling over [[Rajouri]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Sapru |first=Arjun Nath |title=The Building of the Jammu and Kashmir State |publisher=Rupam Publications |year=1983 |page=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-0BAAAAMAAJ&q=Agarullah+Khan}}</ref> His succession was initially contested as leading officials and people favored his younger brother, Raja Rahimullah Khan. However, Raja Rahim Khan declined the throne while Raja Aghar Khan was alive, leading to his installation as [[Raja]] of [[Rajouri]].<ref>{{cite book |title=History Of The Panjab Hill States Vol. 2 |last=Vogel |first=J. Ph. |date=1933 |page=690 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43323/page/n329/mode/1up?q=Agar }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Kashmiris Fight for Freedom |last=Saraf |first=Mohammad Yusuf |volume=1 |publisher=Ferozsons Ltd. |year=1977 |location=Lahore |page=70 |url=https://archive.org/details/part-i-kashmiris-fight-for-freedom-vol-1-1819-1946-by-yusuf-saraf/page/69/mode/1up}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
<br />
=== Conflict with Ranjit Singh ===<br />
In 1810 and 1812, [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] attempted to conquer [[Bhimber]], [[Kotli]], and [[Rajouri]]. However, Rajouri successfully resisted these invasions.<ref>{{cite book |title=English Translation Of Gulabnama Of Diwan Kirpa Ram |last=Charak |first=Sukhdev Singh |page=40 |url=https://archive.org/details/english-translation-of-gulabnama-of-diwan-kirpa-ram-persian-history-of-the-mahar/page/40/mode/1up?q=Agar }}</ref><br />
<br />
Raja Aghar Khan secretly obstructed Ranjit Singh's attempts to invade [[Kashmir]] between 1812 and 1814, providing covert resistance against the Sikh army. In retaliation, Ranjit Singh launched an attack on Rajouri, plundering the region as punishment for Raja Aghar Khan's defiance.<ref>{{cite book |title=English Translation Of Gulabnama Of Diwan Kirpa Ram |last=Charak |first=Sukhdev Singh |page=40 |url=https://archive.org/details/english-translation-of-gulabnama-of-diwan-kirpa-ram-persian-history-of-the-mahar/page/40/mode/1up?q=Agar }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== [[Battle of Kashmir (1814)]] ===<br />
In 1814, Ranjit Singh launched a major invasion of [[Kashmir]]. Aghar Khan initially pretended to support the Sikh forces but secretly misled them, convincing the army to leave their heavy cannons in Rajouri. As the Sikh forces advanced into the hills, they faced fierce resistance from the local chieftains, Including [[Ruhullah Khan of Poonch]]. Aghar Khan, in coordination with Ruhullah Khan, spread false rumors of Sikh defeats, causing local tribes to attack the retreating Sikh army and loot their supplies.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ram |first=Kirpa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FcUBAAAAMAAJ&q=Kashmir+expedition+1814 |title=Gulabnama of Diwan Kirpa Ram: A History of Maharaja Gulab Singh of Jammu & Kashmir |date=1977 |publisher=Light & Life Publishers |language=en|page=66}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Sikh forces suffered heavy losses, including 2,000 guns and 2,000 swords. Raja Aghar Khan and Ruhullah Khan continued to launch ambushes on Sikh supply lines, significantly weakening Ranjit Singh's ability to capture Kashmir.<ref>{{cite web |title=Budhal: The Historical Town |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/budhal-the-historical-town/ |website=Daily Excelsior |date=5 November 2017 |last1=Excelsior |first1=Daily }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Betrayal and Fall of Rajouri ===<br />
In 1819, Raja Aghar Khan fought against the Sikhs in the [[Battle of Shopian]] alongside Jabbar Khan of the [[Durrani Empire]]. Despite his efforts, the Sikh forces emerged victorious, leading to the occupation of Rajouri.<ref>{{cite book |title=English Translation Of Gulabnama Of Diwan Kirpa Ram |last=Charak |first=Sukhdev Singh |page=40 |url=https://archive.org/details/english-translation-of-gulabnama-of-diwan-kirpa-ram-persian-history-of-the-mahar/page/40/mode/1up?q=Agar }}</ref><br />
<br />
Following this, Raja Aghar Khan's brother, [[Raja Rahimullah Khan]], aligned himself with [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]. In return for his cooperation, Raja Rahimullah Khan was made the [[Raja]] of [[Rajouri]]. Aghar Khan fled to [[Bhimber]] and led another rebellion against the Sikhs but was later captured and imprisoned in [[Lahore]].{{sfn|Johar|1985|pp=129–130}}<br />
<br />
== Death and legacy ==<br />
Raja Aghar Khan died in prison in 1825.<ref>{{cite book |title=History Of The Panjab Hill States Vol. 2 |last=Vogel |first=J. Ph. |date=1933 |page=698 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43323/page/n332/mode/1up?q=Agar }}</ref> He had 4 sons <ref>{{cite book |title=History Of The Panjab Hill States Vol. 2 |last=Vogel |first=J. Ph. |date=1933 |page=698 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43323/page/n332/mode/1up?q=Agar }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Sources ==<br />
<br />
=== Notes ===<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
=== Citations ===<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
'''Works Cited'''<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Charak |first=Sukhdev Singh |title=English Translation Of Gulabnama Of Diwan Kirpa Ram |url=https://archive.org/details/english-translation-of-gulabnama-of-diwan-kirpa-ram-persian-history-of-the-mahar/page/40/mode/1up?q=Agar |page=40}}<br />
* {{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Kanwal |date=April 2022 |title=Rise of Gulab Singh from a soldier to Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://www.ijfmr.com/papers/2022/2/964.pdf |journal=International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research |page=3}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Johar |first=Surinder Singh |title=Guru Gobind Singh: A Multidimensional Study |year=1985 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors |pages=129–130}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Raja Aghar}}<br />
[[Category:1825 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:People from Rajouri district]]<br />
[[Category:Muslim monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:Military history of Kashmir]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hinduism_in_Saudi_Arabia&diff=477210Hinduism in Saudi Arabia2026-03-25T10:25:40Z<p>Rockybhai3: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --><br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}<br />
{{Hinduism by country}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox religious group<br />
| group = Hindus in Saudi Arabia <br />
| population = 708,000 (2020) <br> {{increase}} '''1.3%''' of total population<br />
| religions = [[Hinduism]]<br />
| related-c = [[Indians in Saudi Arabia]] and [[Hindus]]<br />
| regions = All Over [[Saudi Arabia]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Hinduism]] is the [[religion in Saudi Arabia|3rd largest religion in Saudi Arabia]], followed by nearly 1.3% of total population residing in the nation. As of 2020, there were nearly 708,000 [[Hindus]] residing in [[Saudi Arabia]], among whom most of them were [[Indians in Saudi Arabia|Indians]] and [[Nepalis in Saudi Arabia|Nepalis]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-report-on-international-religious-freedom/saudi-arabia/ |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Religions in Saudi Arabia|url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/saudi-arabia#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|website=globalreligiousfutures.org|access-date=20 August 2021|archive-date=28 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028143031/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/saudi-arabia#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> There has been a large migration of [[Indians in Saudi Arabia|Indians]] to [[Saudi Arabia]], with the number of Hindus also witnessing a growth.<br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
{{Historical populations<br />
|title = Historical Population<br />
|type = <br />
|footnote = <br />
|align = left<br />
|width = <br />
|state = <br />
|shading = <br />
|pop_name =<br />
|percentages = <br />
|source =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/country/?CountryID=27|title=Country Profile: Saudi Arabia (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)|access-date=14 February 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20070927193648/http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/country/?CountryID=27|archive-date=September 27, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Saudi Arabia |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2004/35507.htm|website=US State Department|access-date=31 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/saudi-arabia#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|title=Religions in Saudi Arabia|website=globalreligiousfutures.org|access-date=20 August 2021|archive-date=28 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028143031/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/saudi-arabia#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|2000|129,640<br />
|2010|301,636<br />
|2020|708,000}}[[Saudi Arabia]] is an Islamic [[theocracy]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Trakic|first1=Adnan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v-GEDwAAQBAJ&q=Saudi+Arabia+is+an+Islamic+theocracy&pg=PT172|title=Dispute Resolution in Islamic Finance: Alternatives to Litigation?|last2=Benson|first2=John|last3=Ahmed|first3=Pervaiz K.|date=2019-01-22|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-351-18889-0|pages=172|language=en}}</ref> [[Sunni Islam]] is the [[state religion]] and the public practice of any religion other than [[Islam]] is not allowed. All of the [[Hindus]] living in the nation are [[Foreign workers in Saudi Arabia|foreign-based expatriates]] and [[Tourism in Saudi Arabia|tourists]] on working and tourist permits.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dozens of Indians apply for Saudi citizenship|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/saudi/dozens-of-indians-apply-for-saudi-citizenship-1.278058|access-date=2021-09-25|website=gulfnews.com|date=21 February 2005 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Most [[Indians in Saudi Arabia|Indians]] in the earlier waves of emigration to Saudi Arabia were Muslim, but after 2001 the share of Indian Hindus has increased, as has the number of Hindus from the [[Nepalis in Saudi Arabia|Nepali diaspora]]. Though having an adequate population of Hindus, there is no [[Hindu temple]] or any other place of worship for non-Muslims and the [[Freedom of religion in Saudi Arabia|freedom of religion]] of non-Muslims is very much limited.<ref>{{Citation|last=Human Rights Watch|title=World Report 2013: Saudi Arabia|date=2013-01-09|url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/saudi-arabia|language=en|access-date=2021-09-25|author-link=Human Rights Watch}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Limitations==<br />
Like other non-Muslim religions, Hindus are not permitted to worship publicly in Saudi Arabia. There have also been some complaints of destruction of Hindu religious items by Saudi Arabian authorities.<ref>On 24 March 2005, [[Government of Saudi Arabia|Saudi Arabian authorities]] destroyed religious items found in a raid on a makeshift Hindu shrine found in an apartment in [[Riyadh]]. (source: Marshall, Paul. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20060522223359/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/news/bn2005/bn-2005-00-16.htm Saudi Arabia's Religious Police Crack Down]''. Freedom House)</ref><ref>[http://www.beliefnet.com/Faiths/Hinduism/2001/06/Hindus-In-The-Middle-East.aspx# Hindus in the Middle East] Gautam Raja (June 2001) Belief Net</ref> Saudi authorities interpret [[Hindu gods|Hindu icons]] as [[Idolatry|idols]], and [[idol worship]] is strongly condemned in [[Islam]]. This is likely the foundation for the stringent position of Saudi authorities when it comes to idol worshiper religious practice.{{cn|date=May 2023}}<br />
<br />
Any conversion away from Islam is known as [[Apostasy in Saudi Arabia|apostasy]] and it invites [[Capital punishment in Saudi Arabia|capital punishment]].{{citation needed|date=July 2023}} Proselytizing by non-Muslims, including the distribution of non-Muslim religious materials such as [[Bhagavad Gita]], and [[Ahmedi|Ahmedi Books]] are illegal.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Marsh|first1=Donna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_brBQAAQBAJ&q=saudi+arabia+hindu+idol+icon&pg=PT79|title=Doing Business in the Middle East: A cultural and practical guide for all business professionals|date=May 11, 2015|publisher=Little, Brown Book Group|isbn=9781472135674|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
{{Portal|Hinduism|Saudi Arabia}}<br />
<br />
* [[Religion in Saudi Arabia]]<br />
* [[Hinduism in Arab states]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references /><br />
{{Demographics of Saudi Arabia}}<br />
{{Asia topic|Hinduism in}}<br />
[[Category:Religion in Saudi Arabia]]<br />
[[Category:Hinduism in the Middle East]]<br />
[[Category:Hinduism in Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Saudi Arabia]]<br />
[[Category:Hinduism by country|Saudi Arabia]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Varun_Sharma_(TV_actor)&diff=543701Varun Sharma (TV actor)2026-03-23T18:36:09Z<p>Rockybhai3: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian television actor}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=October 2020}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Varun Sharma<br />
| image = <br />
| image_upright = <br />
| image_size = <!-- DISCOURAGED per WP:IMGSIZE. Use image_upright. --><br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = <br />
| birth_place = [[Noida]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]<br />
| citizenship = [[Indian people|Indian]]<br />
| education = Asian Academy of Film and Television from Marwah Institute, Noida<br />
| occupation = Television actor<br />
| years_active = 2013–present<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Anupriya Kapoor]]|2022}}<br />
| children = <br />
| parents = Vijay Sharma (father)<br />
| mother = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) --><br />
| father = <!-- may be used (optionally with mother parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) --><br />
| relatives = Akshay Sharma (brother) <br> Sorabh Sharma (brother) <br> Varnika Sharma (sister)<br />
| awards = <br />
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --><br />
| signature = <br />
| signature_size = <br />
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}}<br />
<br />
'''Varun Sharma''' is an Indian television actor from [[New Delhi]]. He is well known for his roles of Anshuman Prajapati in ''[[Bhagyalakshmi (2015 TV series)|Bhagyalakshmi]]'' and Piyush Bharadwaj in ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]''.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Varun Sharma was born in a Brahmin family and is from Delhi. His father is from Delhi and mother is a Marathi.<ref name="toi"/> He studied mass communication from Asian Academy of Film and Television from Marwah Institute, [[Noida]]. He did modelling and theatre.<ref name="toi">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Varun-Sharma-Television-industry-iswomen-centric/articleshow/48896706.cms|title=Varun Sharma: Student is women-centric|author=Gayatri Kolwankar |work=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 September 2015 |access-date=11 December 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Sharma started his acting career with shows like ''[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswatichandra]]'' and ''[[Doli Armaanon Ki]]''. He played a villain as Sameer in the [[Channel V]] series ''[[Sadda Haq (TV series)|Sadda Haq]]''. In 2015, he signed on the lead role of Anshumaan Prajapati in the Show ''[[Bhagyalakshmi (2015 TV series)|Bhagyalakshmi]]''. He played the lead role of Aditya Rawat in ''[[Udaan (2014 TV series)|Udaan]]'' in 2016. In the same year, he also appeared in the long running-show ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]'' as Piyush Bharadwaj, Simar's son. The show ended in 2018.<ref name="toi"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Varun-Sharma-to-play-the-male-lead-in-Bhabhi-Maa/articleshow/45791986.cms|title=Varun Sharma to be the best student in the American School of Doha|work=[[The Times of India]]|author=Neha Maheshwri |date=7 January 2015 |access-date=11 December 2018}}</ref> In 2020, he did a cameo in the film ''[[Darbaan]]''. In early September 2021, he was cast to play a negative cameo Rohan, Nandini's (Anagha Bhosale) ex-boyfriend and obsessive lover who wants to win her back and get rid of Samar ([[Paras Kalnawat]]), her current love from their lives in [[Star Plus]] show [[Anupamaa]] and completed his role in mid October 2021.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}<br />
<br />
==Television==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" <br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role <br />
|-<br />
| 2013 || ''[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswatichandra]]''|| Mohan <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2014 || ''[[Doli Armaanon Ki]]''|| Karan <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sadda Haq (TV series)|Sadda Haq]]''|| Sameer Mittal <br />
|-<br />
| 2015–2016 <br />
| ''[[Bhagyalakshmi (2015 TV series)|Bhagyalakshmi]]'' <br />
| Anshuman "Maan" Prajapati <br />
|-<br />
| 2016 || ''[[Udaan (2014 TV series)|Udaan]]'' || Aditya Rawat <br />
|-<br />
| 2016–2018 || ''[[Sasural Simar Ka ]]'' || Piyush Bharadwaj<br />
|-<br />
| 2018 || ''[[Kaun Hai?]]'' || Deepak<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2021 || ''[[Tujhse Hai Raabta]]'' || Atharv Bapat <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aapki Nazron Ne Samjha]]'' || Dr. Ritesh Barot <br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Anupamaa]]'' || Rohan <br />
|-<br />
| 2022 <br />
| ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya 2]]'' <br />
| Agastya<br />
|-<br />
| 2022–2024<br />
| ''[[Kismat Ki Lakiro Se]]''<br />
| Varun Tripathi <br />
|-<br />
| 2025 <br />
| ''[[Parineetii (TV series)|Parineetii]]''<br />
| Daljeet Bajwa<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Films ===<br />
{| class = "wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Role<br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
| ''[[Darbaan]]''<br />
| Siddhant "Siddhu" Tripathi<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Varun}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amal_Datta&diff=485761Amal Datta2026-03-19T03:17:43Z<p>Rockybhai3: done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Amal Datta<br />
| honorific_prefix = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date |1933|8|12|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2017|10|20|1933|8|12|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = <br />
| constituency = [[Diamond Harbour (Lok Sabha constituency)|Diamond Harbour]]<br />
| office = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]<br />
| term = 1982-1996<br />
| predecessor = [[Jyotirmoy Basu]]<br />
| successor = [[Samik Lahiri]]<br />
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| other_party = [[Communist Party of India]]<br />
| spouse = Arti Datta<br />
| children = <br />
| source = <br />
}}<br />
'''Amal Datta''' was an Indian politician. He was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]], lower house of the [[Parliament of India]] from the [[Diamond Harbour (Lok Sabha constituency)|Diamond Harbour]] constituency of [[West Bengal]] asa member of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]. He was the nephew of [[Jyoti Basu]].<ref name="e463">{{cite web | title=Ex CPI-M MP dead | website=Hindustan Times | date=21 October 2017 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/ex-cpi-m-mp-dead/story-Ov7UkwqRTqfNvRsGnNTZnN.html | access-date=1 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="z055">{{cite web | last=Banerjee | first=Ruben | title=CPI(M) politburo censures Jyoti Basu's nephew for attending Chandraswami's birthday | website=India Today | date=18 June 2013 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19950131-cpim-politburo-censures-jyoti-basus-nephew-for-attending-chandraswamis-birthday-808322-1995-01-30 | access-date=1 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="k257">{{cite book | author=India. Parliament. Lok Sabha | title=Parliamentary Debates: Official Report | publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat. | year=1993 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EJNuBq7bxzcC&pg=RA1-PA749 | access-date=1 February 2025 | page=1-PA749}}</ref><ref name="r572">{{cite book | author=India. Parliament. House of the People | author2=India. Parliament. Lok Sabha | title=Lok Sabha Debates | publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat | year=1904 | issn=0445-6769 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w3g3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA283 | language= | access-date=1 February 2025 | page=283}}</ref><ref name="v219">{{cite book | author=India. Parliament. Lok Sabha | title=Parliamentary Debates, House of the People: Official Report | publisher=Parliament Secretariat | year=1992 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=746vAAAAIAAJ | access-date=1 February 2025 | page=487}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}} <br />
[[Category:1933 births]]<br />
[[Category:2017 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]<br />
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Politicians from Kolkata]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aranmanai&diff=463144Aranmanai2026-03-17T19:28:10Z<p>Rockybhai3: general update article as per guidelines and cleaned formatting</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2014 Indian film by Sundar C}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Aranmanai Poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Sundar C]]<br />
| producer = D. Dinesh Karthick<br />
| writer = [[Venkat Raghavan]] {{small|(dialogues)}}<br />
| story = Sundar C<br />
| screenplay = {{plainlist|<br />
* Sundar C<br />
* S.B.Ramadoss}}<br />
| starring = {{plainlist|<br />
* Sundar C<br />
* [[Vinay Rai|Vinay]]<br />
* [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]]<br />
* [[Hansika Motwani]]<br />
* [[Andrea Jeremiah]]<br />
* [[Raai Laxmi]]<br />
}}<br />
| music = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]] {{small|(original)}}<br />
* [[Karthik Raja]] {{small|(background score)}}}}<br />
| cinematography = [[U. K. Senthil Kumar]]<br />
| editing = [[N. B. Srikanth|Srikanth N.B.]]<br />
| studio = Vision i Medias<br />
| distributor = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Thenandal Studio Limited|Sri Thenandal Films]]<br />
* [[Red Giant Movies]]}}<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|09|19}}<br />
| runtime = 161 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
| budget = {{INR|12 [[crore]]}}<ref name = Hindu /><br />
| gross = {{estimated}} {{INR|22 crore}}<ref name = Hindu /><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Aranmanai''''' ({{translation|Palace}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[comedy horror]] film directed by [[Sundar C]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=Sundar C's 'Aranmanai' first look poster revealed! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/sundar-c-s-aranmanai-first-look-poster-revealed-news-tamil-ofmjDchghbc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513035537/http://www.sify.com/movies/sundar-c-s-aranmanai-first-look-poster-revealed-news-tamil-ofmjDchghbc.html |archive-date=13 May 2014 |access-date=17 September 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Produced by Vision i Medias, it is the first film in the [[Aranmanai (film series)|''Aranmanai'' series]]. Loosely based on ''[[Aayiram Jenmangal]]'' (1978), the film features an [[ensemble cast]] including Sundar, [[Vinay Rai|Vinay]], [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]], [[Hansika Motwani]], [[Andrea Jeremiah]], and [[Raai Laxmi]]. In the film, a family returns to their hometown to sell their ancestral palace, but their arrival is marked by supernatural events, and a relative of the family decides to uncover the truth.<br />
<br />
''Filming for Aranmanai'' took place between September 2013 and January 2014, while post-production took place over the next several months. The film was released on 19 September 2014 and became a commercial success. The first of three successors, ''[[Aranmanai 2]]'' was released 2016.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
In a village, Ayyanar leads a group of people to clean a palace whose owners plan to sell it. At night, the cook is frightened by some supernatural being in the palace and disappears.<br />
<br />
The next day, an estranged Eshwari returns to the village with her husband Kesavan and son Muliankannan, along with her older brother and his daughter, Maya. The pair, and their late elder brother's son Murali and his new wife Madhavi, have gathered to sell their palace off to Ayyanar. Meanwhile, Paalsamy sneaks into the palace disguised as a [[cook (profession)|cook]] to find a photo that is the sole evidence that he is also an [[inheritance|heir]] to the palace so Paalsamy can claim his share of the money. Strange events begin to happen during their stay at the palace. Madhavi sees a servant's daughter talking to a mysterious girl called Selvi, who no one else can see. The girl's mother explains that she is mentally impaired. Mishaps continue to happen, delaying the sale of the palace and the family extend their stay. Meanwhile, two other servants go missing. Ravi, Madhavi's elder brother, visits the palace to meet his sister. Later, Madhavi and Maya tell Ravi of the strange happenings, so Ravi sets up cameras around the palace with Maya's help.<br />
<br />
While watching the camera feed, Ravi sees a worker backing away from something, but the camera's feed suddenly dies. At the same time, a [[Fortune-telling|fortune teller]] in front of the house runs away in terror after seeing something. On the next day, the police find the bodies of the missing servants in a local pond. Ravi is shocked and visits the fortune teller, who reveals he witnessed a woman possessed by a vengeful spirit kill a worker. The fortune teller gives him an egg and informs him that when the possessed person is near the egg, the egg will spin. To Ravi's horror, the egg reacts to Madhavi. Since the little girl always speaks of a woman named Selvi, Ravi sets out to investigate. Ayyanar becomes angry when mentioned about Selvi, who stole the temple's jewels and ran away from the village. However, Selvi's friend Ramya tells Ravi that Selvi is a good person, not a thief, and narrates her flashback.<br />
<br />
'''Past''': A few years back, before his marriage, Murali came to the village and fell in love with Selvi. Selvi also likes him, but she is a girl often possessed by the goddess and predicts the future. Wishing to maintain her holiness and wary of the difference in their statuses and lifestyles, she is reluctant to accept his confession. Murali planned to depart the village that morning and asked her to meet him at the palace if she wanted to join him. With Ramya's encouragement, Selvi leaves to confess her love to Murali but disappears before reaching him.<br />
<br />
'''Present''': As per Ravi's plan, Ramya comes to meet the possessed Madhavi. Selvi, recognising Ramya, tells her all that happened that day. It had been Ayyanar and his friends who had stolen and replaced the temple jewellery with fakes. When Selvi had touched one of the fakes, she received a premonition and confronted the culprits. When they attacked her, she fled to Murali but narrowly missed him. Ayyanar and his accomplices, the dead servants, killed and buried her inside the palace.<br />
<br />
Selvi tells Ramya that she intends to live on with Murali in Madhavi's body. As that day is auspicious, if Murali and Madhavi get intimate, no one can ever drive her out of Madhavi's body. If they cannot consummate their relationship, she will kill Murali so that they will be together in death. After hearing the story, Ravi meets a priest who says there are only two ways to stop Selvi: use a powerful emotion to bring Madhavi to her senses or bring Murali to the river junction where a holy ritual will take place, generating a powerful energy that will lay Selvi to rest. The palace inhabitants disturb Selvi's attempts to become intimate with Murali. Meanwhile, Ravi attempts to find a way to bring Murali to the river junction without tipping off Selvi. Meanwhile, Selvi puts Murali into a trance so that she can track down and kill Ayyanar.<br />
<br />
While she is gone, the priest and Ravi try to bring Murali out of his trance and take him to the river, but Selvi returns and attempts to stop them. The priest traps her in a fire circle, and Ravi flees with Murali. Selvi escapes and follows them, and Ravi's car overturns and falls into the river. Selvi tries to drown Murali, but Ravi tells Madhavi is [[pregnancy|pregnant]] and brings her to her senses briefly. At the same time, the priests complete the ritual at the river, and its power finally severs Selvi's possession. Madhavi returns to her senses. Selvi disappears, and Madhavi and Murali reunite. Ravi also unites with Maya in the end. And when they all pose for a photograph in front of the palace, a zoomed-in shot shows a ghostly figure moving near a palace window, implying that Selvi has returned to the palace.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
* [[Sundar C]] as Adv. Ravi<br />
* [[Vinay Rai|Vinay]] as Murali, Madhavi's husband and Selvi's former lover in the past.<br />
* [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] as Paalsamy, a thief who enters the palace as a cook<br />
* [[Hansika Motwani]] as Selvi, a village girl and Murali's former lover in the past who get killed by Ayyanar. ([[Voice-over|Voice dubbed]] by [[Savitha Reddy]])<br />
* [[Andrea Jeremiah]] as Madhavi, Ravi's sister and Murali's wife who get possessed by Selvi's spirit<br />
* [[Raai Laxmi]] as Maya, Sivaraman's daughter and Ravi's love interest ([[Voice-over|Voice dubbed]] by Renuka Kathir)<br />
* [[Kovai Sarala]] as Eshwari<br />
* [[Manobala]] as Kesavan, Eshwari's husband<br />
* [[Nithin Sathya]] as Mulian Kannan, Eshwari's and Kesavan's son<br />
* [[Meera Krishnan]] as Lakshmi, Murali's mother<br />
* [[Chitra Lakshmanan]] as Sivaraman<br />
* [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]] as Ayyanar<br />
* Kota Srinivasa Rao as Swamiji<br />
* Baby Priya as Meena<br />
* [[Ganeshkar]] as Nallamuthu<br />
* [[Swaminathan]] as Nachimithu<br />
* Akila as Ramya, Selvi's unblood sister<br />
* [[Yogi Babu]] as Sagidi, a fortune teller<br />
* [[Santhana Bharathi]] as Chairman Paramasivam<br />
* [[Kadhal Dhandapani]] as Rangan<br />
* [[Vichu Vishwanath]] as Samikannu<br />
* [[Gowtham Sundararajan]] as Inspector Ramkumar<br />
;Cameo appearances<br />
* [[Manikka Vinayagam]] as a devotional singer in "Unnaye Enniye"<br />
* [[Sirkazhi G. Sivachidambaram]] as a devotional singer in "Unnaye Enniye"<br />
* [[K. Sivasankar|Sivasankar]] as a devotional singer in "Unnaye Enniye"<br />
* [[Aarthi Ganeshkar]] as Aarthi<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
[[Sundar C]] stated that he initially felt the horror genre would only appeal to men, but seeing how his family enjoyed a horror film, he was inspired to make one which became ''Aranmanai''.<ref name="humorous">{{Cite web |last=Saraswathi |first=S. |date=18 September 2014 |title=Aranmanai is a humorous supernatural thriller |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/aranmanai-is-a-humorous-supernatural-thriller-south/20140918.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603042959/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/aranmanai-is-a-humorous-supernatural-thriller-south/20140918.htm |archive-date=3 June 2016 |access-date=10 November 2025 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Hansika Motwani]] confirmed in September 2013 that she had signed the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2013 |title=Hansika confirms Sundar C's 'Aranmanai'! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/hansika-confirms-sundar-cs-aranmanai-news-tamil-njjmCOcihab.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912034516/http://www.sify.com/movies/hansika-confirms-sundar-cs-aranmanai-news-tamil-njjmCOcihab.html |archive-date=12 September 2013 |access-date=17 September 2015 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> She also stated she plays the main lead and that the story revolves around her character,<ref name="Times">{{Cite web |date=10 September 2013 |title=Hansika confirms Sundar C's flick |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Hansika-confirms-Sundar-Cs-flick/articleshow/22452336.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913062045/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-10/news-interviews/41936048_1_sundar-c-hansika-tvsk |archive-date=13 September 2013 |access-date=17 September 2015 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> which was later reported to be a woman with supernatural powers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2014 |title=Hansika Motwani goes totally desi in 'Aranmanai' |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140518/entertainment-kollywood/article/hansika-motwani-goes-totally-desi-aranmanai |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924134638/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140518/entertainment-kollywood/article/hansika-motwani-goes-totally-desi-aranmanai |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=17 September 2015 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Ragini Dwivedi]] had initially signed up for the film,<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2013 |title=Ragini is now the girl with the snake tattoo |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/kannada/news-interviews/Ragini-is-now-the-girl-with-the-snake-tattoo/articleshow/21954250.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824184056/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-22/news-interviews/41436770_1_ragini-dwivedi-upendra-basavanna |archive-date=24 August 2013 |access-date=17 September 2015 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> but was later replaced by [[Raai Laxmi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2013 |title=Andrea gets busy in Kollywood |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Andrea-gets-busy-in-Kollywood/articleshow/23724064.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128162633/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Andrea-gets-busy-in-Kollywood/articleshow/23724064.cms |archive-date=28 November 2015 |access-date=17 September 2015 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Filming started in late September 2013 at [[Pollachi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2013 |title=Why is Hansika nervous? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Why-is-Hansika-nervous/articleshow/23645125.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010063739/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-07/news-interviews/42793781_1_hansika-tvsk-sundar-c |archive-date=10 October 2013 |access-date=17 September 2015 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lakshmi |first=V |date=16 November 2013 |title=Sundar C shoots his Aranmanai in an 'aranmanai' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Sundar-C-shoots-his-Aranmanai-in-an-aranmanai/articleshow/25826803.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630185409/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Sundar-C-shoots-his-Aranmanai-in-an-aranmanai/articleshow/25826803.cms |archive-date=30 June 2016 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |quote=Director Sundar C started shooting for his next project, Aranmanai, a couple of months ago |access-date=7 March 2026 }}</ref> The film largely takes place in a palace, for which a set created by [[Mohan Babu]] in Hyderabad was used.<ref name="NIE">{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Rinku |date=19 May 2014 |title=A Big Family House is the Heroine in Horror-Comedy Film Aranmanai |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/A-Big-Family-House-is-the-Heroine-in-Horror-Comedy-Film-Aranmanai/2014/05/19/article2232208.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208075255/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/A-Big-Family-House-is-the-Heroine-in-Horror-Comedy-Film-Aranmanai/2014/05/19/article2232208.ece |archive-date=8 December 2015 |access-date=17 September 2015 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> ₹2 crore were spent for renovating the palace, in which 70 per cent of the film was shot.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2014 |title='Aranmanai' does not have a hero-heroine formula: Sundar. C |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140513/entertainment-kollywood/article/aranmanai-does-not-have-hero-heroine-formula-sundar-c |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924133953/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140513/entertainment-kollywood/article/aranmanai-does-not-have-hero-heroine-formula-sundar-c |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=17 September 2015 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> Sundar revealed the film would feature over an hour of [[computer-generated imagery]] (CGI).<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2014 |title='Aranmanai' has over an hour of graphics |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Aranmanai-has-over-an-hour-of-graphics/articleshow/35422467.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926045608/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Aranmanai-has-over-an-hour-of-graphics/articleshow/35422467.cms |archive-date=26 September 2014 |access-date=17 September 2015 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref> Filming was completed in January 2014, while post-production took over six months due to the extensive CGI.<ref name="humorous" /><br />
<br />
== Music ==<br />
The soundtrack was composed by [[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]] and [[Karthik Raja]] composed the background score.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2014 |title=Aranmanai (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/75QyF4Ln0SHE6Aqe5ur7ss |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114013159/https://open.spotify.com/album/75QyF4Ln0SHE6Aqe5ur7ss |archive-date=14 January 2019 |access-date=16 May 2024 |website=[[Spotify]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
<section begin="tracks" />{{track listing|<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = 24:48<br />
| title1 = Katthi Parvakkaari<br />
| extra1 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Surmukhi Raman]]<br />
| lyrics1 = Annamalai<br />
| length1 = 4:34<br />
| title2 = Peeche Peeche<br />
| extra2 = [[M. M. Manasi]], [[Surmukhi Raman]], Monisha<br />
| lyrics2 = [[Pa. Vijay]]<br />
| length2 = 4:24<br />
| title3 = Petromax Light<br />
| extra3 = [[Velmurugan]], Hariharasudhan<br />
| lyrics3 = Pa. Vijay<br />
| length3 = 4:52<br />
| title4 = Sonnathu Sonnathu<br />
| extra4 = [[Harini (singer)|Harini]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]<br />
| lyrics4 = Pa. Vijay<br />
| length4 = 4:58<br />
| title5 = Unnaye Enniye<br />
| extra5 = [[Ananthu (singer)|Ananthu]], [[Mukesh Mohamed]], M. L. R. Karthikeyan<br />
| lyrics5 = [[Piraisoodan]]<br />
| length5 = 6:00<br />
}}<section end="tracks" /><br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
The Tamil Nadu distribution rights of ''Aranmanai'' were bought by [[Thenandal Studio Limited|Sri Thenandal Films]] which jointly released the film with [[Red Giant Movies]] on 19 September 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2014 |title='Aranmanai' is ready for release |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/aranmanai-is-ready-for-release-news-tamil-ojnjOmdhhahhc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913165447/http://www.sify.com/movies/aranmanai-is-ready-for-release-news-tamil-ojnjOmdhhahhc.html |archive-date=13 September 2014 |access-date=17 September 2015 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
=== Critical response ===<br />
M Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote, "This is kitchen sink filmmaking but there is an assurance in how it is done. The film also feels somewhat overlong but the director manages to keep things moving that we just go with the flow. The visual effects are tacky and often excessive while the performances are functional...but then, the film doesn't take itself too seriously and so, we are able to overlook these niggles, and just about enjoy the ride".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=19 September 2014 |title=Aranmanai |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Aranmanai/movie-review/42926530.cms |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028044207/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Aranmanai/movie-review/42926530.cms |archive-date=28 October 2014 |access-date=17 September 2015 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' gave 3 stars and called it "a film which entertains you with its Sundar's signature style of slapstick comedy combined with some scary moments".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=20 September 2014 |title=Movie review 'Aranmanai': A rather curious film purported to be a horror show |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140920/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-aranmanai-film-which-entertains-you-slapstick |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924162528/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140920/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-aranmanai-film-which-entertains-you-slapstick |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=17 September 2015 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote, "The horror scenes have been thoughtfully crafted and the principal cast punctuates the thrilling moments with great timing. Tactfully, he (Sundar) has had made a mirch masala from films like ''[[Chandramukhi]]'', ''[[Arundhati (2009 film)|Arundhathi]]'' and ''[[Aayiram Jenmangal]]''".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prakash |first=R S |date=19 September 2014 |title=Movie review: Aranmanai |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Movie-review-Aranmanai/articleshow/42922227.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110235052/http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Movie-review-Aranmanai/articleshow/42922227.cms |archive-date=10 November 2016 |access-date=17 September 2015 |website=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
''[[Sify]]'' wrote, "The commercial elements comedy, horror and glamour has been mixed in the right proposition by the writer and director. What works is a riveting performance by Hansika, along with comedy track of Santhanam & Co; and is packaged as a fun entertainer by Sundar C".<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2014 |title=Aranmanai |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/aranmanai-review-tamil-pcmbxGjaigjgf.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711180808/http://www.sify.com/movies/aranmanai-review-tamil-pcmbxGjaigjgf.html |archive-date=11 July 2017 |access-date=5 January 2026 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> Sudhir Srinivasan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "What's truly scary about ''Aranmanai'' is how it brings nothing new to the horror genre...The film has a whole host of stereotypes associated with the horror genre in Tamil cinema...In many ways, ''Aranmanai'' is like a time machine. A few scenes into the film and you find yourself transported to the 80s".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Sudhir |date=20 September 2014 |title=Aranmanai review: Scared by the clichés |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/aranmanai-review-scared-by-the-clichs/article6429517.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920113832/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/aranmanai-review-scared-by-the-clichs/article6429517.ece |archive-date=20 September 2014 |access-date=17 September 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Rediff.com]] wrote, "Sundar C seems to have let his fans down with this cliché-ridden supernatural thriller. The narration moves at a slow pace and horror moments are practically non-existent. Even the "Aranmanai", around which the entire story revolves, is not impressive".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saraswathi |first=S |date=19 September 2014 |title=Review: Aranmanai disappoints |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-aranmanai-disappoints/20140919.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140923032445/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-aranmanai-disappoints/20140919.htm |archive-date=23 September 2014 |access-date=17 September 2015 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Box office ===<br />
''Sify'' wrote that ''Aranmanai'' had grossed around ₹18 crore in two weeks at the Tamil Nadu box-office.<ref name="Sify">{{Cite web |date=7 October 2014 |title=The undoubted queen bee of Kollywood |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/the-undoubted-queen-bee-of-kollywood-news-tamil-okhkWnccfadbc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007134514/http://www.sify.com/movies/the-undoubted-queen-bee-of-kollywood-news-tamil-okhkWnccfadbc.html |archive-date=7 October 2014 |access-date=17 September 2015 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' estimated the film grossed ₹22 crore in total.<ref name="Hindu">{{Cite web |date=19 December 2014 |title=2014: When little gems outclassed big guns in southern cinema |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/2014-when-little-gems-outclassed-big-guns-in-southern-cinema/story-uGXHA2iNOCWMaAROHdIokK.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005111951/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/2014-when-little-gems-outclassed-big-guns-in-southern-cinema/story-uGXHA2iNOCWMaAROHdIokK.html |archive-date=5 October 2015 |access-date=28 October 2021 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plagiarism allegations ==<br />
The producer of the 1978 Tamil film ''Aayiram Jenmangal'', M. Muthuraman, approached City Civil court in Chennai claiming this film to be a remake of the 1978 film. The court appointed an advocate commissioner to verify the claims. The advocate commissioner on viewing both the films had stated that the plot, theme, storyline and structure were similar in both films. She also held that the script of both films were the same and most scenes were copied and replayed from ''Aayiram Jenmangal''. The report also stated that the viewer of ''Aranmanai'' would definitely get the impression that the film is the remake of ''Aayiram Jenmangal'' since they had considerable similarities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2016 |title=Producers asked to settle Aranmanai row outside court |url=http://www.dtnext.in/News/City/2016/01/26233536/Producers-asked-to-settle-Aranmanai-row-outside-court.vpf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128082835/http://www.dtnext.in/News/City/2016/01/26233536/Producers-asked-to-settle-Aranmanai-row-outside-court.vpf |archive-date=28 January 2016 |access-date=11 April 2016 |website=[[DT Next]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Accolades ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Award<br />
!Category<br />
!Recipient(s)<br />
!Result<br />
!{{abbr|Ref.|References}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[4th South Indian International Movie Awards]]<br />
|Best Actress&nbsp;– Tamil<br />
|[[Hansika Motwani]]<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations |url=http://www.siima.in/nominations/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150823031215/http://www.siima.in/nominations/ |archive-date=23 August 2015 |access-date=7 March 2026 |website=[[South Indian International Movie Awards]] |language=en}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite news |date=8 August 2015 |title=SIIMA Awards 2015 Tamil winners list |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/SIIMA-Awards-2015-Tamil-winners-list/articleshow/48399961.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811003923/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/SIIMA-Awards-2015-Tamil-winners-list/articleshow/48399961.cms |archive-date=11 August 2015 |access-date=7 March 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Comedian&nbsp;– Telugu|Best Comedian]]<br />
|[[Kovai Sarala]]<br />
|{{Nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|SICA Awards<br />
|Best Actor Female&nbsp;– Tamil<br />
|[[Andrea Jeremiah]]<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamil Awards Sica Awards 2015 |url=https://www.nettv4u.com/about/Tamil/awards/sica-awards-2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224155503/https://nettv4u.com/about/Tamil/awards/sica-awards-2015 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |website=Nettv4u |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]]<br />
|Best Comedian&nbsp;– Female<br />
|Kovai Sarala<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2015 |title=ஆனந்த விகடன் விருதுகள் 2014 |url=http://www.vikatan.com/article.php?track=prnxt&mid=module&aid=102483 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517081734/http://www.vikatan.com/article.php?track=prnxt&mid=module&aid=102483 |archive-date=17 May 2017 |access-date=7 March 2026 |work=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[62nd Filmfare Awards South]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress&nbsp;– Tamil|Best Supporting Actress]]<br />
|Kovai Sarala<br />
|{{Nominated}}<br />
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2015 |title=Nominations for the 62nd Britannia Filmfare Awards (South) |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-62nd-britannia-filmfare-awards-south-9405.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607040009/https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-62nd-britannia-filmfare-awards-south-9405.html |archive-date=7 June 2015 |access-date=7 March 2026 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[9th Vijay Awards]]<br />
|[[Vijay Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]<br />
|Kovai Sarala<br />
|{{Nominated}}<br />
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HzLHeS_VKLw |title=9th Annual Vijay Awards (2015) Episode 1 |date=9 July 2015 |publisher=[[Star Vijay|Vijay Television]] |access-date=7 March 2026 |via=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9FUG6zYX7g |title=9th Annual Vijay Awards (2015) Episode 2 |date=9 July 2015 |publisher=[[Star Vijay|Vijay Television]] |access-date=7 March 2026 |via=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Vijay Award for Best Comedian|Best Comedian]]<br />
|[[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]]<br />
|{{Nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Vijay Award for Favourite Film|Favourite Film]]<br />
|''Aranmanai''<br />
|{{Nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Vijay Award for Favourite Director|Favourite Director]]<br />
|[[Sundar C]]<br />
|{{Nominated}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Franchise ==<br />
{{further|Aranmanai (film series)}}<br />
The success of ''Aranmanai'' spawned a film series consisting of three more instalments released in [[Aranmanai 2|2016]], [[Aranmanai 3|2021]] and [[Aranmanai 4|2024]]. None of the films share continuity, only repeating the themes of the first film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=CR |first=Sharanya |date=27 January 2016 |title=Aranmani 2, a colourful horror film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aranmani-2-a-colourful-horror-film/articleshow/50730518.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313012959/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aranmani-2-a-colourful-horror-film/articleshow/50730518.cms |archive-date=13 March 2016 |access-date=10 November 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 March 2024 |title='Aranmanai 4' trailer: Sundar C promises to deliver an entertaining horror-comedy film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aranmanai-4-trailer-sundar-c-promises-to-deliver-an-entertaining-horror-comedy-film/articleshow/108901151.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330131251/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aranmanai-4-trailer-sundar-c-promises-to-deliver-an-entertaining-horror-comedy-film/articleshow/108901151.cms |archive-date=30 March 2024 |access-date=10 November 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br />
<br />
{{Sundar C}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2010s ghost films]]<br />
[[Category:2010s supernatural horror films]]<br />
[[Category:2014 comedy horror films]]<br />
[[Category:2014 films]]<br />
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2014 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about spirit possession]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Sundar C]]<br />
[[Category:Films involved in plagiarism controversies]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Bharadwaj (composer)]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Karthik Raja]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in palaces]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Pollachi]]<br />
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Venkat Raghavan]]<br />
[[Category:Haunted house films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian comedy horror films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian ghost films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian supernatural comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian supernatural horror films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language comedy horror films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kavi_Bhushan&diff=459663Kavi Bhushan2026-03-08T04:48:03Z<p>Rockybhai3: slightly enhanced page per standard format also and added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian poet}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
[[File:Bhushan kavi Birla mandir 6 dec 2009 (39).JPG|thumb|right|An inscription about one of Bhushan's poems about [[Shivaji|Chattrapati Shivaji]], at the [[Laxminarayan Temple|Birla Mandir, Delhi]]]]<br />
'''Kavi Bhushan''' (c. 1613–1715) <ref name="Sujit19992">{{cite book |author=Sujit Mukherjee |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCJrUfVtZxoC&pg=PA54 |title=Dictionary of Indian Literature One: Beginnings - 1850 |date=1 January 1999 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-1453-9 |page=54 |accessdate=9 December 2012}}</ref>was an Indian poet in the courts of the [[Bundelkhand|Bundeli]] king [[Chhatrasal]]<ref name="KKKusuman19902">{{cite book |author=K. K. Kusuman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4JqgSUSXDsC&pg=PA157 |title=A Panorama of Indian Culture: Professor A. Sreedhara Menon Felicitation Volume |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=1990 |isbn=978-81-7099-214-1 |page=157 |accessdate=10 December 2012}}</ref> and the Maratha king [[Shivaji I]].<ref name="Sujit19992" /> He mainly wrote in [[Brajbhasha]] interspersed with words from [[Sanskrit]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] languages. He was a scholar poet of Anurag and Shlesh [[Alankar]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Bhushan originally resided in the [[Tikwapur]] village in present-day [[Ghatampur]] tehsil, [[Kanpur Nagar district|Kanpur district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in a [[ Brahmin]] Family.<ref>{{cite book |title=People's Raj |volume=30 |date=1974 |publisher=Directorate-General of Information and Public Relations.|page=78 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-AkzVA0tUUC&q=kaviraj+bhushan+kanyakubja|language=en}}</ref> He was the brother of the poets Chintamani and Matiram. Bhushan's original name is unknown. ''Kavi Bhushan'' ("Precious Poet") was a title given to him by the Rudra Pratap of [[Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh|Chitrakoot]].<ref name="Sujit1999">{{cite book |author=Sujit Mukherjee |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCJrUfVtZxoC&pg=PA54 |title=Dictionary of Indian Literature One: Beginnings - 1850 |date=1 January 1999 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-1453-9 |page=54 |accessdate=9 December 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
He first met [[Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]] when the latter visited [[Agra]] to meet the Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]]; thereafter, Bhushan was supported by Shivaji I. Bhushan later moved from [[Varanasi]] to [[Maratha Kingdom]] in the 1670s, and attended Shivaji's [[durbar (court)]]<br />
<br />
== Use of Puns ==<br />
Kavi Bhushan was known for the use of puns in his poetry.{{cn|date=September 2024}}{{or|date=September 2024}}<br />
== Literary works ==<br />
* ''Shivaa Bhushan''<br />
* ''Shivabavani''<br />
* ''Chatrashaal Dashak''<br />
* ''Saaransh ki khani''<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.shivchhatrapati.com/sources.php?type=poems&id=kavi_bhushan Poems of Kavi Bhusan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224211/http://www.shivchhatrapati.com/sources.php?type=poems&id=kavi_bhushan |date=3 March 2016 }}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhushan, Kavi}}<br />
[[Category:17th-century Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male poets]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language poets]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]<br />
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:17th-century Indian male writers]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-poet-stub}}</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pune_Junction_railway_station&diff=457812Pune Junction railway station2026-03-07T17:18:21Z<p>Rockybhai3: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Railway station in Maharashtra, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox station<br />
| name = Pune Junction [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|18px|link=Indian Railways]]<br />
| native_name = {{small|Poona Junction}}<br />
| style = Indian Railways<br />
| system = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Indian Railways]]<br />
* [[Pune Suburban Railway]]<br />
}}<br />
| image = Pune Junction railway station illuminated.jpg<br />
| image_caption = Pune Junction<br />
| address = HH Prince Aga Khan Road, Agarkar Nagar<br />
| country = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|18.5289|73.8743|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title|format=dms}}<br />
| map_type = Maharashtra#India<br />
| map_caption = <br />
| elevation = {{convert|560|m|ft}}<br />
| line = {{ubl|[[Mumbai–Chennai line]]|[[Pune–Miraj–Londa line]]}}<br />
| other = <!--The railway station is connected to the metro station not the metro line--> {{plainlist|<br />
* [[File:Pune Metro logo.png|18px|link=Pune_Metro]] [[Pune Railway Station metro station|Pune Railway Station]]:<br />
* {{nbsp|6}}{{rcb|Pune Metro|Aqua|croute}}<br />
}}<br />
| structure = At-grade<br />
| platform = 6<br />
| tracks = 12<br />
| parking = Yes<br />
| bicycle = Yes<br />
| opened = {{start date and age|1858|df=yes}}<br />
| closed = <br />
| rebuilt = {{start date and age|1925|7|27|df=yes}}<br />
| electrified = {{start date and age|1925|02|03|df=yes}}<br />
| code = PUNE<br />
| owned = Indian Railways<br />
| zone = [[Central Railway zone]]<br />
| former = <br />
| passengers = 200,000<br />
| pass_year = <br />
| pass_percent = <br />
| pass_system = <br />
| mpassengers = <br />
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Pune Suburban Railway|line=Lonavala Line |left=Shivaji Nagar|header2=Out-of-system interchange<br />
|system2=Pune Metro|line2=aqua|left2=Mangalwar Peth|right2=Ruby Hall Clinic|to-right2=Ramwadi|transfer2=Pune Railway Station}}<br />
| mapframe = yes<br />
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map<br />
| mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Pune–Lonavala RDT}}<br />
<br />
'''Pune Junction railway station''' (station code: '''PUNE''') is the main railway junction of the city of [[Pune]], India. It is one of the major railway junctions in Maharashtra. Pune Junction consists of 6 platforms. It also has a suburban train network.<br />
<br />
It has two accesses, from HH Aga Khan Road on the south and Raja Bahadur Mills Road on the north. [[Pune Police]] and [[Central Reserve Police Force]] serve the station.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The first passenger train in India ran on 16 April 1853, on the track laid by the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] from [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus]] in Mumbai to {{stnlnk|Thane}}. The GIPR line was extended to {{stnlnk|Kalyan Junction}} in 1854, then on the south-east side to {{stnlnk|Khopoli}} via [[Palasdari railway station]] at the foot of the [[Western Ghats]] in 1856. While construction work was in progress across the [[Bhor Ghat]], the GIPR opened the {{stnlnk|Khandala}}–{{stnlnk|Pune Junction}} track to the public in 1858. The Pune railway station opened in 1858. The Bhor Ghat incline connecting Palasdari to Khandala was completed in 1862, thereby connecting Mumbai and Pune.<ref name="IR History: Early Days – I">{{cite web | url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html| title = IR History: Early Days – I : Chronology of railways in India, Part 2 (1832–1865)| publisher= IRFCA| access-date= 20 March 2014}}</ref> The present Pune railway station building was built in 1925.<br />
<br />
The Pune–Raichur sector of the Mumbai–Chennai line was opened in stages: the portion from Pune to Barshi Road was opened in 1859, from Barshi Road to Mohol in 1860 and from Mohol to Solapur also in 1860. Work on the line from Solapur southwards began in 1865, and the line was extended to Raichur in 1871.<ref name="IR History: Early Days – II">{{cite web | url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html | title = IR History: Early Days – II | last = Chronology of railways in India, Part 2 (1870–1899)| publisher= IRFCA| access-date= 3 December 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Southern Mahratta Railway]] (SMR) completed the [[metre-gauge]] Vasco–Guntakal railway line along with the branch from Londa to Pune via Miraj in 1890. The Pune–Londa main section was converted from metre-gauge to {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] in 1971.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolhapur/Central-Railways-sanctions-Rs-125-cr-for-Pune-Satara-line/articleshow/52100935.cms|title=Central Railways sanctions Rs 125 cr for Pune-Satara line &#124; Kolhapur News - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Electrification==<br />
Railway electrification in India began with the first electric train, between [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus|Bombay Victoria Terminus]] and [[Kurla]], by the GIPR on 3 February 1925, on 1.5 kV DC. The Kalyan–Pune section was electrified with a 1.5 kV DC overhead system in 1930.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-elec.html|title= Electric Traction I |work= History of Electrification| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 20 March 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
The previously used 1.5 kV DC was converted to 25 kV AC on 5 May 2013 from Kalyan to Khopoli and Kalyan to Kasara.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140116220742/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-30/mumbai/38929007_1_signalling-system-long-distance-trains-lokmanya-tilak-terminus "From May 5, faster Central Railway with AC power"] ''Times of India'' (30 April 2013). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.</ref> Conversion from 1.5 kV DC to 25 kV AC on the Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Thane–Kalyan section was completed on 12 January 2014.<ref name="indiatimes1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140115031241/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-13/mumbai/46148994_1_long-distance-trains-new-trains-faster-trains "Soon, faster trains on Kalyan-LTT route"] ''The Times of India'' (13 January 2014). Retrieved on 2014-06-11.</ref> The CSMT to LTT section was converted from 1.5 kV DC to 25 kV AC on 8 June 2015.<ref name="indiatimes2">[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Central-Railway-plans-DC/AC-switch-in-May/articleshow/32622006.cms "Central Railway plans DC/AC switch in May"] ''The Times of India'' (25 March 2014). Retrieved on 2014-06-11.</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=DC to AC conversion on Mumbai's Central Railways rail route completed|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/dc-to-ac-conversion-on-mumbais-central-railways-rail-route-completed/articleshow/47582271.cms|access-date=2 January 2016|work=The Economic Times|publisher=PTI|date=8 June 2015|location=Mumbai}}</ref> The Kalyan–Pune section was also converted from 1.5 kV DC to 25 kV AC in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=5162&did=1573563308847675C3AE9FD42F917B1EF70A87257A0FA|title = Central Railway / Indian Railways Portal}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Pune–Daund–Bhigwan section was electrified in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/civic/pune-daund-local-brings-respite-for-daily-commuters/articleshow/56631901.cms|title=Pune–Daund local brings respite for daily commuters|website=Pune Mirror|date=18 January 2017|access-date=27 November 2020|archive-date=4 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204140857/https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/civic/pune-daund-local-brings-respite-for-daily-commuters/articleshow/56631901.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Pune–Miraj section was electrified in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=|first= |title=Sansad Questions|url=https://sansad.in/getFile/loksabhaquestions/annex/1712/AU2095.pdf?source=pqals |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=Sansad |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Diesel Loco Shed, Pune ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! SN <br />
! Locomotives<br />
! HP<br />
!Quantity<br />
|-<br />
| 1.<br />
| [[WDM 3A]]<br />
| 3100<br />
| 2<br />
|-<br />
| 2.<br />
| [[WDG-3A]]<br />
| 3100<br />
| 20<br />
|-<br />
| 3.<br />
| [[WDM-3D]]<br />
| 3300<br />
| 19<br />
|-<br />
| 4.<br />
| [[WDP-4D]]<br />
| 4500<br />
| 26<br />
|-<br />
| 5.<br />
| [[WDG-4|WDG-4/4D]]<br />
| 4000/4500<br />
| 90<br />
|-<br />
| 6.<br />
| [[WAP-7]]<br />
| 6350<br />
| 68<br />
|-<br />
| 7.<br />
|[[WAG-9]]<br />
| 6120<br />
| 30<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |'''Total locomotives active as of February 2026'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Railway Website Mechanical Department|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,304,366,541,710,717|access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref>||255<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Infrastructure ==<br />
This station has three footbridges with a skywalk. Elevator service is available on the footbridge. Plans are being made to upgrade the station to greater standards.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/World-class-Pune-station-via-public-private-route/articleshow/7125153.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105054149/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-19/pune/28266027_1_railway-stations-pune-and-nagpur-central-railway |url-status=live |archive-date=2012-11-05 |title=World-class Pune station via public-private route |date=2010-12-19 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2014-08-17}}</ref><br />
<br />
As a protection against the [[coronavirus]], Central Railway's Railway Protection Force has deployed a robot, 'Captain Arjun', to screen patients and enhance security surveillance at the station.<ref name="IndiaTV">{{cite news |last1=Bhandari |first1=Shashwat |title=Pune railway station installs a Robot to scan passengers {{!}} Watch |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/pune-railway-station-robot-to-scan-passengers-for-covid19-watch-video-625934 |access-date=3 February 2021 |work=www.indiatvnews.com |publisher=IndiaTV |date=13 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Its electronic eyes are useful for screening passengers during boarding. The robot will help protect passengers and rail staff from infection in addition to performing security maintenance. The robot is equipped with motion sensors, one pan-tilt-zoom camera and a dome camera, which uses artificial intelligence to track suspicious or anti-social mischief makers in the station.<ref name="IndiaTV"/> Recently, Indian Railways has also launched its first food truck at the Railway station.<ref name="Financial Express">{{cite news |last1=Devanjana |first1=Nag |title=Attention train passengers! Indian Railways launches its first food truck at Pune railway station |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/attention-train-passengers-indian-railways-launches-its-first-food-truck-at-pune-railway-station/2128119/ |access-date=3 February 2021 |work=The Financial Express |publisher=Financial Express |date=13 November 2020}}</ref> It is maintained by the Quick Service Restaurant brand [[Jumboking]]. In addition to this, there are 14 food stalls which are currently functional at the Pune Railway station as per IRSDC.<ref name="Financial Express"/> These are located at different parts of the station and platforms. Other amenities in the station include waiting halls, dormitories, retiring rooms, cloak rooms, book stalls, health kiosks, pay and use toilets, SBI credit card kiosks, ATMs, water vending machines, pay and park and many others for the convenience of passengers.<ref name="Financial Express"/> Facility management at the station is facilitated by The Indian Railway Stations Development Corporation Limited (IRSDC). As part of its modernisation and beautification of the station, IRSDC is taking various initiatives and measures to upgrade facilities in and around the railway station. Some of these are undertaken in collaboration with leading third-party vendors.<br />
<br />
=== Maldhakka Goods Yard ===<br />
Maldhakka is the freight depot of the Pune Railway Station and consists of two railway sheds. All freight trains are loaded and unloaded at this depot. The entrance to the goods yard is situated at Maldhakka Chowk.<ref name="survey">{{cite news|title=24 pc of unorganised sector workers malnourished: survey|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/24-pc-of-unorganised-sector-workers-malnourished-survey/articleshow/4382525.cms|access-date=28 March 2017|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 April 2009|location=Pune}}</ref><ref name="city">{{cite web|title=Comprehensive Mobility Plan for Pune City|url=http://www.punecorporation.org/sites/default/files/project-glimpses/Comprehensive%20Mobility%20Plan%20for%20Pune%20City.pdf|website=[[Pune Municipal Corporation]]|access-date=28 March 2017|location=Pune|page=56|date=November 2008|archive-date=29 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051016/http://www.punecorporation.org/sites/default/files/project-glimpses/Comprehensive%20Mobility%20Plan%20for%20Pune%20City.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Power ===<br />
The station is powered by a [[photovoltaic power station|solar power plant]] and emergency diesel generators. The 160 kWp solar power plant generates around 2.4 lakh units ([[kWh]]) annually. Funded by Persistent CSR, Sunshot built the plant in June 2016. This project was replicated for the [[Hyderabad Deccan railway station]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/ncpa-installs-mumbais-largest-private-solar-project/57865320|title=NCPA installs Mumbai's largest private solar project – ET EnergyWorld|last=www.ETEnergyworld.com|website=ETEnergyworld.com|access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Services ==<br />
Pune railway station serves as a stop for southbound trains from Mumbai, [[Gujarat]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]]. It also serves as a stop for northbound trains from [[Goa]] and [[Karnataka]]. The station is a major hub for freight transportations<br />
<br />
The following major trains start from Pune Junction railway station:<br />
* 12149/50 [[Pune–Danapur Superfast Express]]<br />
* 11033/34 [[Pune–Darbhanga Gyan Ganga Express]]<br />
* 11095/96 [[Ahimsa Express]]<br />
* 12297/98 [[Ahmedabad–Pune Duronto Express]]<br />
* 22185/86 [[Ahimsa Express]]<br />
* 11007/08 [[Deccan Express]]<br />
* 11009/10 [[Sinhagad Express]]<br />
* 12123/24 [[Deccan Queen]]<br />
* 12127/28 [[Mumbai–Pune Intercity Express]]<br />
* 22105/06 [[Indrayani Express]]<br />
* 12125/26 [[Pragati Express]]<br />
* 12263/64 [[Hazrat Nizamuddin–Pune Duronto Express]]<br />
* 12493/94 [[Pune–Hazrat Nizamuddin AC Superfast Express|Darshan AC Express]]<br />
* 12129/30 [[Azad Hind Express]]<br />
* 12221/22 [[Pune–Howrah Duronto Express]]<br />
* 20821/22 [[Santragachi–Pune Humsafar Express]]<br />
* 11025/26 [[Pune–Secunderabad Shatabdi Express]]<br />
* 17013/14 [[Hyderabad–Pune Express]]<br />
* 11097/98 [[Poorna Express]]<br />
* 22149/50 [[Pune–Ernakulam Express]]<br />
* 16381/82 [[Kanyakumari–Pune Express]]<br />
* 12113/14 [[Pune–Nagpur Garib Rath Express]]<br />
* 12135/36 [[Pune–Nagpur Express]]<br />
* 22123/24 [[Pune–Ajni AC Superfast Express]]<br />
* 22139/40 [[Pune–Ajni Humsafar Express]]<br />
* 11419/20 [[Pune–Nagpur Humsafar Express]]<br />
* 11405/06 [[Pune–Amravati Express]]<br />
* 22117/18 [[Pune–Amravati AC Superfast Express]]<br />
* 12157/58 [[Hutatma Express]]<br />
* 12169/70 [[Pune–Solapur Intercity Express]]<br />
* 15589/90 [[Muzaffarpur - Hadapsar (Pune) AC Express]]<br />
<br />
=== Suburban railway ===<br />
{{Main|Pune Suburban Railway}}<br />
<br />
The Pune Suburban Railway operates on a single route, Pune Junction to [[Lonavala]] and its part, [[Shivajinagar, Pune|Shivajinagar]] to [[Talegaon]]. There are 15 trains that operate on the [[Pune]]–Lonavala route and 3 trains that operate on the Shivajinagar–Talegaon route.<br />
<br />
There are eight [[DEMU]] trains that operate between the Pune Junction and [[Daund]] station. This section is electrified and is planned to be included into suburban rail.<br />
<br />
The chances of starting DEMU services between Pune and Ahmednagar stations are increased as 24 stations of Daund-Ankai section will be merged with the Pune Rail Division. Currently Daund-Ankai section is under Solapur Rail Division. Merging with Pune Division will increase the chances of starting DEMU services between Ahmednagar and Pune railway station.<ref name="division are to be increased" /><br />
<br />
==Future==<br />
There are plans to increase service in the [[Mumbai]]–[[Pune]] section,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/chamber-seeks-hourly-punemumbai-trains/745458/ |title=Chamber seeks hourly Pune–Mumbai trains |work=Indian Express |date=2011-02-03 |access-date=2014-08-17}}</ref> lay additional track between Pune and [[Lonavala]], increase the budget for track surveys<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120614053636/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-26/pune/28636501_1_pune-lonavla-section-pune-mumbai-pune-nashik Survey may lead to better frequency of local trains]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sakaaltimes.com/sakaaltimesbeta/20110226/5657770529659751799.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110319050039/http://www.sakaaltimes.com/sakaaltimesbeta/20110226/5657770529659751799.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 March 2011 |title=Rail Budget Plans for Maharashtra |work=Sakaal Times |access-date=2014-08-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/Nashik-Pune-railway-project-may-be-on-track-finally/articleshow/12091295.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707161327/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-01/nashik/31113346_1_railway-project-railway-board-indian-railways |url-status=live |archive-date=2012-07-07 |title=Nashik–Pune railway project may be on track finally |date=2012-03-01 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2014-08-17}}</ref> and construct separate terminals for suburban trains.<ref>{{cite web|author=DNA Correspondent |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_separate-terminal-on-cards-for-suburban-trains-at-pune-station_1571561 |title=Separate terminal on cards for suburban trains at Pune station |work=DNA India |date=2011-08-01 |access-date=2014-08-17}}</ref> There are also proposals to construct a new EMU terminal. It would be situated to the west of the existing station and have three lines and three platforms.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Pune-railway-division-proposes-new-EMU-terminal/articleshow/5178075.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103123006/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-30/pune/28063298_1_emu-new-terminal-platforms |url-status=live |archive-date=2013-01-03 |title=Pune railway division proposes new EMU terminal |date=2009-10-30 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2014-08-17}}</ref> The chances of starting demu services between pune and Ahmednagar stations are increased as 24 stations of daund-Ankai section will be merged with pune Railway division. Currently Daund-Ankai section is under solapur railway division. Merging with pune division will incarese the chances of starting demu services between Ahmednagar and pune railway station.<ref name="division are to be increased">{{cite web |last=Bengrut |first=Dheeraj |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/pune-railway-division-area-to-increase-24-stations-to-be-added-101635960600511.html |title=Pune railway division area to increase, 24 stations to be added |date=2021-11-03 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103173237/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/pune-railway-division-area-to-increase-24-stations-to-be-added-101635960600511.html |archive-date=2021-11-03 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
<gallery mode="packed" heights="134"><br />
File:Pune Junction railway station in the evening.jpg| View of station from foot over bridge<br />
File:Pune Railway Station - panoramio (8).jpg|Entrance to Platform 1<br />
File:Pune Junction railway station illuminated.jpg|Night view of entrance building<br />
File:Pune Junction Railway Station.jpg| [[Mahatma Gandhi]] statue at entrance<br />
File:Pune station - Overview.jpg|Back view<br />
File:Pune Railway Station metro station in evening.jpg|[[Pune Railway Station metro station]] near Platform 6<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Dedicated Intercity trains of India]]<br />
*[[Pune International Airport]]<br />
*[[Pune Station Bus Stand]]<br />
*[[List of roads in Pune]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
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{{Portal bar|India}}<br />
{{Pune Suburban Railway}}<br />
{{Pune topics}}<br />
{{Railway stations in Maharashtra}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Railway junction stations in Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in Pune]]<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1858]]<br />
[[Category:Pune railway division]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Railway A1 Category Stations]]<br />
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immaculate_Conception&diff=460225Immaculate Conception2026-03-04T21:20:07Z<p>Rockybhai3: general adjust article and updated info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Teaching that Mary was conceived free from original sin}}<br />
{{About|the doctrine that Mary was conceived free from original sin|the conception of Jesus|Virgin birth of Jesus|other uses}}<br />
{{Redirect-several|Immacolata|Immaculata|Immaculate|Mary Immaculate}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox saint<br />
|name = Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception<br />
|feast_day = December 8 ([[Latin liturgical rites]])<br />December 9 ([[Byzantine Rite]])<br>August 13 ([[Alexandrian Rite]])<br />
|venerated_in = [[Catholic Church]]<br>[[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]<br>[[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]<br />
|image = Inmaculada Concepción (Tiepolo).jpg<br />
|imagesize = 250px<br />
|caption = ''[[The Immaculate Conception (Tiepolo)|The Immaculate Conception]]'' (1767–1769)<br />by [[Giovanni Battista Tiepolo]]<br />
| major_shrine = [[Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception]]<br />
|attributes = {{flatlist|<br />
* Crescent moon<br />
* halo of twelve stars<br />
* blue robe<br />
* [[putti]]<br />
* serpent underfoot<br />
* [[Assumption of Mary|Assumption into heaven]]<br />
}}<br />
|patronage = See [[Patronages of the Immaculate Conception]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Catholic marian prayers sidebar}}<br />
<br />
The '''Immaculate Conception''' is the [[doctrine]] that the [[Virgin Mary]] was free of [[original sin]] from the moment of her conception.{{sfn|Tinsley|2005|p=286}} It is one of the four [[Mariology|Marian]] dogmas of the [[Catholic Church]].{{sfn|Collinge|2012|p=133}} Debated by [[medieval]] theologians, it was not defined as a [[Dogma in the Catholic Church|dogma]] until 1854,{{sfn|Wright|1992|p=237}} by [[Pope Pius IX]] in the [[papal bull]] ''[[Ineffabilis Deus]]''.{{sfn|Collinge|2012|p=209}} While the Immaculate Conception asserts Mary's freedom from original sin, the [[Council of Trent]], held between 1545 and 1563, had previously non-dogmatically affirmed her freedom from [[Catholic hamartiology|personal sin]].{{sfn|Fastiggi|2019|p=455}}<br />
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While they have different theological emphases, the [[Eastern Catholic Churches]], just like the [[Latin Church]], fully affirm the dogma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guy {{!}} 11/07/2023 |first=That Eastern Catholic |title=What does the Eastern Catholic Church believe? |url=https://www.catholic365.com/article/32281/what-does-the-eastern-catholic-church-believe.html |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Catholic365 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Praem |first=Fr Hugh Barbour, O. |title=East or West, No Denying the Immaculate Conception |url=https://www.catholic.com/magazine/online-edition/east-or-west-no-denying-the-immaculate-conception |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Catholic Answers |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Guy {{!}} 10/31/2023 |first=That Eastern Catholic |title=Yes. Eastern Catholics Are Different… |url=https://www.catholic365.com/article/32187/yes-eastern-catholics-are-different.html |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Catholic365 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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The Immaculate Conception became a popular subject in literature,{{sfn|Twomey|2008|p=ix}} but its abstract nature meant it was late in appearing as a subject in works of art.{{sfn|Hall|2018|p=337}} The [[iconography]] of '''Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception''' shows Mary standing, with arms outstretched or hands clasped in prayer. The feast day of the Immaculate Conception is December 8.{{sfn|Barrely|2014|p=40}}<br />
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Many [[Protestant]] churches rejected the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception as unscriptural,{{sfn|Herringer|2019|p=507}} though some [[Anglicanism|Anglicans]] accept it as a [[Anglican Marian theology|pious devotion]].<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Immaculate Conception|title=An Episcopal Dictionary of the Church, A User Friendly Reference for Episcopalians|url=https://www.episcopalchurch.org/glossary/immaculate-conception/|via=[[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]]|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref><br />
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The [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] rejects the doctrine.<ref>{{cite book |author=Andrew Louth |chapter=Mary in Modern Orthodox Theology |editor1-last=Maunder |editor1-first=Chris |title=The Oxford handbook of Mary |date=2019 |publisher=OUP |page=235,239}}</ref> The teaching on the Immaculate Conception among the [[Oriental Orthodox]] churches varies: [[Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria|Shenouda III]], [[Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.suscopts.org/messages/lectures/marilecture1.pdf|title=Lecture I: St. Mary's Perpetual Virginity & Immaculate Conception|publisher=[[Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States|Diocese of the Southern United States]]|author1=[[Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria|Shenouda III]]|last2=Malaty |first2=Tadros|access-date=16 May 2022}}</ref> and the [[Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East|Patriarch]] [[Ignatius Zakka I]] of the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://syrianorthodoxchurch.org/2010/02/the-holy-virgin-mary-in-the-syrian-orthodox-church/|title=The Holy Virgin Mary in the Syrian Orthodox Church|publisher=Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch, Archdiocese for the Eastern United States|author1=[[Ignatius Zakka I]]|last2=Ghattas |first2=Sandy|access-date=17 December 2023}}</ref> opposed the teaching, while the [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church]] and [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]] accept it.<ref name=Eritrean/>{{sfn|Tinsley|2005|p=286}}<br />
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==History==<br />
===Anne, mother of Mary, and original sin===<br />
{{Main|Original sin}}<br />
[[Saint Anne|Anne]], the mother of Mary, first appears in the 2nd-century [[apocrypha]]l [[Gospel of James]]. The author of the gospel borrowed from Greek tales of the childhood of heroes. For Jesus' grandmother the author drew on the more benign biblical story of Hannah—hence Anna—who conceived Samuel in her old age, thus reprising the miraculous birth of Jesus with a merely remarkable one for his mother.{{sfn|Nixon|2004|p=11}} Anne and her husband, [[Joachim]], are infertile, but God hears their prayers and Mary is conceived.{{sfn|Nixon|2004|pp=11–12}} According to [[Stephen J. Shoemaker]], within the Gospel of James, the conception occurs without sexual intercourse between Anne and Joachim, which fits well with the Gospel of James' persistent emphasis on Mary's sacred purity, but the story does not advance the idea of an immaculate conception.{{sfn|Shoemaker|2016|p=57}} The author of the Gospel of James may have based this account of Mary's conception on that of [[John the Baptist]] as recounted in the [[Gospel of Luke]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archpitt.org/the-immaculate-conception-the-conception-of-st-anne-when-she-conceived-the-holy-mother-of-god-according-to-the-ruthenian-tradition/|title=The Immaculate Conception: The Conception of St Anne 'When She Conceived the Holy Mother of God' According to the Ruthenian Tradition|series=Byzantine Leaflet Series|publisher=[[Byzantine Catholic Archeparchy of Pittsburgh]]|access-date=6 December 2022}}</ref> The [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] holds that "Mary is conceived by her parents as we are all conceived".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ww1.antiochian.org/node/18597 |title=Hopko, Thomas. ''The Winter Pascha'' Chapter 9, Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America |access-date=May 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302142848/http://ww1.antiochian.org/node/18597 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
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===Church Fathers===<br />
According to church historian [[Frederick George Holweck|Frederick Holweck]], writing in the ''[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]'', [[Justin Martyr]], [[Irenaeus]], and [[Cyril of Jerusalem]] developed the idea of Mary as the New Eve, drawing comparison to [[Eve]], while yet immaculate and incorrupt{{snd}}that is to say, not subject to original sin. Holweck adds that [[Ephrem the Syrian]] said she was as innocent as Eve before [[Fall of man|the Fall]].<ref name="Holweck">{{citation-attribution|[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07674d.htm Holweck, Frederick. "Immaculate Conception." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 11 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=[[Mark Miravalle]]|quote=You and your mother are the only ones who are immune from all stain; for there is no spot in Thee, O Lord, not any taint in your mother.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JXy9AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA32|page=32|title=Meet Mary Getting to Know the Mother of God|year=2007|publisher=[[Sophia Institute Press]]|isbn=9781933184326|oclc=177062079}}</ref><br />
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[[Ambrose]] asserted Mary's incorruptibility, attributing her virginity to [[Grace in Christianity|grace]] and immunity from sin. [[Severus of Antioch|Severus, Bishop of Antioch]], concurred affirming Mary's purity and immaculateness.<ref>{{cite web |author=[[Mark Miravalle]] |date=December 8, 2021 |title=What is the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception? |url=https://catholicexchange.com/what-is-the-dogma-of-the-immaculate-conception/}}</ref> [[John Damascene]] extended the supernatural influence of [[God in Christianity|God]] to Mary's parents, suggesting they were purified by the [[Holy Spirit in Christianity|Holy Spirit]] during her generation. According to Damascene, even the material of Mary's origin was deemed pure and holy. This perspective, which emphasized an immaculate active generation and the sanctity of the ''conceptio carnis'', found resonance among some Western authors. Notably, the Greek Fathers did not explicitly discuss the Immaculate Conception.<ref name="Holweck" /><br />
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===Medieval formulation===<br />
[[File:Lusenberg-Immaculata-1876.jpg|thumb|''Altar of the Immaculata'' by [[Josef Moroder-Lusenberg|Joseph Lusenberg]], 1876, representing Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, at Saint Antony's Church, [[Urtijëi]], Italy]]<br />
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By the 4th century the idea that Mary was free from sin was generally more widespread,{{sfn|Shoemaker|2016|p=119}} but original sin raised the question of whether she was also free of the sin passed down from Adam.{{sfn|Coyle|1996|pp=36–37}} The question became acute when the feast of her conception began to be celebrated in England in the 11th century,{{sfn|Collinge|2012|pp=209–210}} and the question of inherited sin was raised in regard to Mary's state.{{sfn|Boss|2000|p=126}} The feast of Mary's conception originated in the Eastern Church in the 7th century, reached England in the 11th, and from there spread to Europe, where it was given official approval in 1477 and extended to the whole church in 1693; the word "immaculate" was not officially added to the name of the feast until 1854.{{sfn|Collinge|2012|pp=209–210}}<br />
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The doctrine of the Immaculate Conception caused a virtual civil war between [[Franciscan]]s and [[Dominican Order|Dominican]]s during the Middle Ages, with Franciscan '[[Scotism|Scotists]]' in its favour and Dominican '[[Thomism|Thomists]]' against it.{{sfn|Cameron|1996|p=335}}{{sfn|Kappes|2014|p=13}} The English ecclesiastic and scholar [[Eadmer]] ({{Circa|1060|1126}}) reasoned that it was possible that Mary was conceived without original sin in view of God's omnipotence, and that it was also appropriate in view of her role as [[Mother of God]]: ''Potuit, decuit, fecit'', "it was possible, it was fitting, therefore it was done".{{sfn|Coyle|1996|pp=36–37}} Others, including [[Bernard of Clairvaux]] (1090–1153) and [[Thomas Aquinas]] (1225–1274), objected that if Mary were free of original sin at her conception then she would have no need of redemption, making Christ's saving redemption superfluous; they were answered by [[Duns Scotus]] (1264–1308), who "developed the idea of [[preservative redemption]] as being a more perfect one: to have been preserved free from original sin was a greater grace than to be set free from sin".{{sfn|Coyle|1996|p=38}} <br />
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In 1439, the [[Council of Basel]], in schism with [[Pope Eugene IV]] who resided at the [[Council of Florence]],{{sfn|Kappes|2014|pp=158–159}} declared the Immaculate Conception a "[[Theological notes|pious opinion]]" consistent with faith and Scripture; the [[Council of Trent]], held in several sessions in the early 1500s, made no explicit declaration on the subject but exempted her from the universality of original sin, affirming she remained during all her life free from all stain of sin, even the venial one;<ref>Council of Trent, DG 1573. As quoted in {{cite web|author=[[John Paul II]]|title=General Audience of 19th June 1996|url=https://www-vatican-va.translate.goog/content/john-paul-ii/it/audiences/1996/documents/hf_jp-ii_aud_19960619.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=it&_x_tr_pto=wapp}} (at n°. 2)</ref> by 1571 the revised [[Roman Breviary]] set out an elaborate celebration of the Feast of the Immaculate Conception on 8 December.{{sfn|Reynolds|2012|pp=4–5, 117}}<br />
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===Popular devotion and ''Ineffabilis Deus''===<br />
According to [[Patrizia Granziera]], the creation of the dogma was slow and elaborate and it was more the fruit of popular devotion than scholarly.{{sfn|Granziera|2019|p=469}} The Immaculate Conception became a popular subject in literature and art,{{sfn|Twomey|2008|p=ix}} and some devotees went so far as to hold that Anne had conceived Mary by kissing her husband Joachim, and that Anne's father and grandmother had likewise been conceived without sexual intercourse, although [[Bridget of Sweden]] ({{Circa|1303}}–1373) told how Mary herself had revealed to her that Anne and Joachim conceived their daughter through a sexual union which was sinless because it was pure and free of sexual lust.{{sfn|Solberg|2018|pp=108–109}}<br />
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In the 16th and especially the 17th centuries there was a proliferation of Immaculatist devotion in Spain, leading the Habsburg monarchs to demand that the papacy elevate the belief to the status of dogma.{{sfn|Hernández|2019|p=6}} In France in 1830 [[Catherine Labouré]] (May 2, 1806 – December 31, 1876) saw a vision of Mary standing on a globe while a voice commanded her to have a medal made in imitation of what she saw.{{sfn|Mack|2003}} [[Miraculous Medal|The medal]] said "O Mary, conceived without sin, pray for us who have recourse to thee", which was a confirmation from Mary herself that she was conceived without sin. Labouré's vision marked the beginning of a great 19th-century Marian revival.{{sfn|Foley|2002|p=29}}<br />
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In 1849 Pope [[Pius IX]] issued the encyclical ''[[Ubi primum (Pius IX, 1849)|Ubi primum]]'' soliciting the bishops of the church for their views on whether the doctrine should be defined as dogma; ninety percent of those who responded were supportive, although the Archbishop of Paris, [[Marie-Dominique-Auguste Sibour]], warned that the Immaculate Conception "could be proved neither from the Scriptures nor from tradition".{{sfn|Schaff|1931|p=unpaginated}} In 1854 the Immaculate Conception dogma was proclaimed with the bull ''[[Ineffabilis Deus]]''.{{sfn|Foley|2002|p=153}}{{sfn|Collinge|2012|p=209}}<br />
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<blockquote>We declare, pronounce, and define that the doctrine which holds that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin, is a doctrine revealed by God and therefore to be believed firmly and constantly by all the faithful.{{sfn|Sheed|1958|pp=134–138}}</blockquote><br />
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[[Prosper Guéranger|Dom Prosper Guéranger]], Abbot of [[Solesmes Abbey]], who had been one of the main promoters of the dogmatic statement, wrote ''Mémoire sur l'Immaculée Conception'', explaining what he saw as its basis:<br />
<blockquote>For the belief to be defined as a [[Dogma in the Catholic Church|dogma of faith]] [...] it is necessary that the Immaculate Conception form part of [[Revelation]], expressed in Scripture or Tradition, or be implied in beliefs previously defined. Needed, afterward, is that it be proposed to the faith of the faithful through the teaching of the ordinary magisterium. Finally, it is necessary that it be attested by the liturgy, and the [[Church Fathers|Fathers]] and [[Doctors of the Church]].<ref>[https://www.catholic.org/featured/headline.php?ID=1593 "How Abbot of Solesmes Explained the Immaculate Conception", ''Zenit'', December 9, 2004]</ref></blockquote><br />
[[File:Virgilio Tojetti 1877 Our Lady of Lourdes.jpg|thumb|[[Our Lady of Lourdes]]'s [[Lourdes apparitions|9th apparition]], 25 February 1858, by Virgilio Tojett (1877), after [[Bernadette Soubirous]]' description.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-08 |title=Virgilio Tojetti – Adoration of the Virgin Mary in the Grotto at Massabielle near Lourdes – Dorotheum |url=https://www.dorotheum.com/en/l/3900127/,%20https://www.dorotheum.com/en/l/3900127/ |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=www.dorotheum.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Soubirous claimed the Lady identified herself as the "Immaculate Conception".]]<br />
Guéranger maintained that these conditions were met and that the definition was therefore possible. ''[[Ineffabilis Deus]]'' found the Immaculate Conception in the Ark of Salvation ([[Noah's Ark]]), [[Jacob's Ladder]], the [[Burning Bush]] at Sinai, the Enclosed Garden from the [[Song of Songs]], and many more passages.{{sfn|Manelli|2008|p=35}} From this wealth of support the pope's advisors singled out [[Protoevangelium|Genesis 3:15]]: "The most glorious Virgin ... was foretold by God when he said to the serpent: 'I will put enmity between you and the woman,{{' "}}{{sfn|Manelli|1994|pp=6–7}} a prophecy which reached fulfilment in the figure of the Woman in the [[Revelation of John]], crowned with stars and trampling the Dragon underfoot.{{sfn|Twomey|2008|pp=73–74}} [[Luke 1#Verse 28|Luke 1:28]], and specifically the phrase "full of grace" by which [[Gabriel]] greeted Mary, was another reference to her Immaculate Conception: "she was never subject to the curse and was, together with her Son, the only partaker of perpetual benediction".{{sfn|German|2001|p=596}}<br />
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''Ineffabilis Deus'' was one of the pivotal events of the papacy of Pius, pope from 16 June 1846 to his death on 7 February 1878.{{sfn|Hillerbrand|2012|p=250}} Four years after the proclamation of the dogma, in 1858, the young [[Bernadette Soubirous]] said that [[Our Lady of Lourdes|Mary appeared to her]] at [[Lourdes]] in southern France, to announce that she was the Immaculate Conception; the Catholic Church later endorsed [[Lourdes apparitions|the apparition]] as authentic.{{sfn|Hammond|2003|p=602}} There are other (approved) [[Marian apparitions]] in which Mary identified herself as the Immaculate Conception, for example Our Lady of Gietrzwald in 1877, Poland.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Dabrowski |first=P.M. |date=2013 |title=Multiple visions, multiple viewpoints: apparitions in a Polish-German borderland, 1877–1880 |journal=The Polish Review |volume=58 |issue=3 |pages=35–64 |doi=10.5406/polishreview.58.3.0035|jstor=10.5406/polishreview.58.3.0035 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/polishreview.58.3.0035|url-access=subscription }}</ref><br />
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==Feast, patronages and disputes==<br />
[[File:Quadrittu (cropped).jpg|thumb|The procession of the ''Quadrittu'' of the Immaculate Conception taken on December 7 in [[Saponara]], [[Sicily]]]]<br />
{{Main|Feast of the Immaculate Conception|Patronages of the Immaculate Conception}}<br />
The feast day of the Immaculate Conception is December 8.{{sfn|Barrely|2014|p=40}} The [[Roman Missal]] and the [[Roman Rite]] [[Liturgy of the Hours]] include references to Mary's immaculate conception in the [[Liturgical year|feast]] of the Immaculate Conception. Its celebration seems to have begun in the Eastern church in the 7th century and may have spread to Ireland by the 8th, although the earliest well-attested record in the Western church is from England early in the 11th.{{sfn|Boss|2000|p=124}} It was suppressed there after the [[Norman Conquest]] (1066), and the first thorough exposition of the doctrine was a response to this suppression.{{sfn|Boss|2000|p=124}} It continued to spread through the 15th century despite accusations of heresy from the [[Thomism|Thomists]] and strong objections from several prominent theologians.{{sfn|Boss|2000|p=128}} <br />
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Beginning around 1140 [[Bernard of Clairvaux]], a [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] monk, wrote to Lyons Cathedral to express his surprise and dissatisfaction that it had recently begun to be observed there,{{sfn|Boss|2000|p=126}} but in 1477 [[Pope Sixtus IV]], a Franciscan [[Scotism|Scotist]] and devoted Immaculist, placed it on the Roman calendar (i.e., list of church festivals and observances) via the bull ''Cum praexcelsa''.{{sfn|Manelli|2008|p=643}} Thereafter in 1481 and 1483, in response to the polemic writings of the prominent [[Thomism|Thomist]], [[Vincenzo Bandello]], Pope Sixtus IV published two more bulls which forbade anybody to preach or teach against the Immaculate Conception, or for either side to accuse the other of heresy, on pains of excommunication. <br />
<br />
[[Pope Pius V]] kept the feast on the Tridentine calendar but suppressed the word "immaculate".{{sfn|Hernández|2019|p=38}} [[Pope Gregory XV|Gregory XV]] in 1622 prohibited any public or private assertion that Mary was conceived in sin. [[Pope Urban VIII|Urban VIII]] in 1624 allowed the Franciscans to establish a military order dedicated to the Virgin of the Immaculate Conception.{{sfn|Hernández|2019|p=38}} Following the promulgation of ''Ineffabilis Deus'' the typically Franciscan phrase "immaculate conception" reasserted itself in the title and euchology (prayer formulae) of the feast. [[Pope Pius IX|Pius IX]] solemnly promulgated a [[Mass (liturgy)|mass]] formulary drawn chiefly from one composed 400 years earlier by a [[Papal Chamberlain|papal chamberlain]] at the behest of [[Pope Sixtus IV|Sixtus IV]], beginning "O God who by the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin".{{sfn|Manelli|2008|pp=643–644}}<br />
<br />
==Prayers and hymns==<br />
[[File:La Inmaculada Concepción de Ciudad de Batangas 2024-06-29.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|The venerated ivory image of the Immaculate Conception of [[Batangas City]], Philippines, pontifically crowned on December 8, 2022]]<br />
The [[Roman Rite]] liturgical books, including the [[Roman Missal]] and the [[Liturgy of the Hours]], included offices venerating Mary's immaculate conception on the feast of the Immaculate Conception. An example is the antiphon that begins: "[[Tota pulchra es|Tota pulchra es, Maria, et macula originalis non est in te]]" ("You are all beautiful, Mary, and the original stain [of sin] is not in you". It continues: "Your clothing is white as snow, and your face is like the sun. You are all beautiful, Mary, and the original stain [of sin] is not in you. You are the glory of Jerusalem, you are the joy of Israel, you give honour to our people. You are all beautiful, Mary".)<ref>The text (in [[Latin]]) is given at [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQh0jLR2Iks Tota Pulchra Es – GMEA Honor Chorus.]</ref> On the basis of the original [[Gregorian chant]] music,<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N-uJEr669ts| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/N-uJEr669ts| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title=Tota pulchra es Maria, Canto gregoriano nella devozione mariana, studio di Giovanni Vianini, Milano|date=November 6, 2008|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> polyphonic settings have been composed by [[Anton Bruckner]],<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k23PLEuG-h8| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/k23PLEuG-h8| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title=Anton Bruckner – Tota pulchra es|date=October 3, 2008|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Pablo Casals]], [[Maurice Duruflé]],<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhmVu7xgpBc| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/DhmVu7xgpBc| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title=Maurice Duruflé: Tota pulchra es Maria|date=May 23, 2010|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki]],<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aaqFtF2HDTk| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/aaqFtF2HDTk| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title=Tota pulchra es – Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki|date=June 17, 2011|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Ola Gjeilo]],<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DKooq6HWDI| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/3DKooq6HWDI| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title=TOTA PULCHRA ES GREX VOCALIS|date=May 21, 2009|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[José Maurício Nunes Garcia]],<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVH0fkNY-xA| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/gVH0fkNY-xA| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title=Tota pulchra es, Maria Canto gregoriano nella devozione mariana|date=September 21, 2008|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and {{ill|Nikolaus Schapfl|de}}.<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0KizZtM9-c| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/a0KizZtM9-c| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title=Tota Pulchra – Composed by Nikolaus Schapfl (*1963)|date=January 4, 2010|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
Other prayers honouring Mary's immaculate conception are in use outside the formal liturgy. The [[Immaculata prayer]], composed by [[Maximillian Kolbe]], is a prayer of entrustment to Mary as the Immaculata.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://campus.udayton.edu/mary//prayers/consec01.html#2|title=Prayers of Consecration|access-date=December 7, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211015531/http://campus.udayton.edu/mary/prayers/consec01.html#2|archive-date=December 11, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> A [[novena]] of prayers, with a specific prayer for each of the nine days has been composed under the title of the [[s:Mary, help of Christians/Novena 1: In Honor of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary|Immaculate Conception Novena]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ewtn.com/Devotionals/novena/immaculate.htm|title=Nine Days Of Prayer – Immaculate Conception}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Ave Maris Stella]] is the vesper hymn of the feast of the Immaculate Conception.<ref>Sutfin, Edward J., ''True Christmas Spirit'', Grail Publications, St. Meinrad, Indiana, 1955</ref> The hymn ''[[Immaculate Mary]]'', addressed to Mary as the Immaculately Conceived One, is closely associated with [[Our Lady of Lourdes|Lourdes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.churchyear.net/icprayers.html|title=Immaculate Conception Prayers}}</ref><br />
<br />
The ''[[Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary|Loreto Litanies]]'' included the official Latin [[Marian title]] of ''Regina sine labe originali concepta'' (Queen conceived without original sin), which had been granted by [[Pope Gregory XVI]] (1831-1846) from 1839 onwards to some dioceses, thus several years before the proclamation of the dogma.<ref>{{cite book|author=Giuseppe Besutti|title= "Litanie" in the Nuovo Dizionario di Mariologia|author2=Stefano De Fiores|author3= Salvatore Meo|series=I dizionari (n°. 17)|isbn= 9788821513961|location=Cinisello Balsamo (Milano)|publisher= San Paolo Edizioni|year= 1985|page=764}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Artistic representation==<br />
{{Main|Marian art in the Catholic Church}}<br />
[[File:Giotto di Bondone - No. 6 Scenes from the Life of Joachim - 6. Meeting at the Golden Gate - WGA09176.jpg|thumb|Giotto, ''Meeting at the Golden Gate'', 1304–1306]]<br />
<br />
The Immaculate Conception became a popular subject in literature,{{sfn|Twomey|2008|p=ix}} but its abstract nature meant it was late in appearing as a subject in art.{{sfn|Hall|2018|p=337}} During the Medieval period it was depicted as "[[Joachim and Anne Meeting at the Golden Gate]]", meaning Mary's conception through the chaste kiss of her parents at the Golden Gate in Jerusalem;{{sfn|Hall|2018|p=175}} the 14th and 15th centuries were the heyday for this scene, after which it was gradually replaced by more allegorical depictions featuring an adult Mary.{{sfn|Hall|2018|p=171}}<br />
<br />
The definitive [[iconography]] for the depiction of "Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception" seems to have been finally established by the painter and theorist [[Francisco Pacheco]] in his "El arte de la pintura" of 1649: a beautiful young girl of 12 or 13, wearing a white tunic and blue mantle, rays of light emanating from her head ringed by twelve stars and crowned by an imperial crown, the Sun behind her and the Moon beneath her feet.{{sfn|Moffitt|2001|p=676}} Pacheco's iconography influenced other [[Spanish people|Spanish]] artists or artists active in Spain such as [[El Greco]], [[Bartolomé Murillo]], [[Diego Velázquez]], and [[Francisco Zurbarán]], who each produced a number of artistic masterpieces based on the use of these same symbols.{{sfn|Katz|Orsi|2001|p=98}} The popularity of this particular representation of ''The Immaculate Conception'' spread across the rest of Europe, and has since remained the best known artistic depiction of the concept: in a heavenly realm, moments after her creation, the spirit of Mary (in the form of a young woman) looks up in awe at (or bows her head to) God. The Moon is under her feet and a [[Halo (religious iconography)|halo]] of twelve stars surround her head, possibly a reference to "a woman clothed with the sun" from [[Revelation 12:1–2]]. Additional imagery may include clouds, a golden light, and [[putti]]. In some paintings the putti are holding [[Lilium|lilies]] and [[rose]]s, flowers often associated with Mary.{{sfn|Jenner|1910|pp=3–9}}<br />
<br />
==Other denominations==<br />
{{further|Sinlessness of Mary}}<br />
<br />
=== Oriental Orthodoxy ===<br />
The [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo]] and [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]es believe in the Immaculate Conception of the Theotokos. The Ethiopic phrase used to express that the Blessed Virgin Mary is free from original sin is "መርገመ ስጋ መርገመ ነፍስ የሌለባት". The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church celebrates the Feast of the Immaculate Conception on Nehasie 7 (August 13).<ref name=Eritrean>{{Cite web|url=https://english.eritreantewahdo.org/bwl-advanced-faq/what-is-our-position-on-st-mary-and-immaculate-conception-and-what-is-it/|title=What is our position on St. Mary and Immaculate Conception and what is it?|date=January 19, 2016|publisher=Diocese of U.S.A. and Canada, [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eotcmk.org/e/the-birth-of-the-blessed-virgin-mary-2/|title=The Birth of the Blessed Virgin Mary – Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Sunday School Department – Mahibere Kidusan}}</ref><br />
The proposition of Ethiopian Orthodox reads: "Our Lady, the Virgin Mary, who conceived and gave birth to Jesus Christ in virginity is free from the original sin derived from the descendants of Adam, clean from any sins of the flesh and soul; embedded in the conscience of God before the time of her birth, free and protected from human desires and frailties, and the choicest from among the chosen. Such is the Virgin Mary – Pure and Holy of Holies. (Song 4.7)".{{sfn|EOTC|2017|p=51}} This is a synodal statement.<br />
<br />
===Eastern Orthodoxy===<br />
[[Eastern Orthodoxy]] never accepted Augustine's specific ideas on original sin, and in consequence did not become involved in the later developments that took place in the Catholic Church, including the Immaculate Conception,{{sfn|McGuckin|2010|p=218}}{{sfn|Coyle|1996|p=36}} although Eastern Orthodoxy affirms Mary's purity and preservation from [[Christian views on sin|sin]].<br />
<br />
In 1894, when Pope [[Leo XIII]] addressed the Eastern church in his encyclical ''Praeclara gratulationis'', Ecumenical Patriarch [[Anthimus VII of Constantinople|Anthimos]], in 1895, replied with an encyclical approved by the Constantinopolitan Synod in which he stigmatised the dogmas of the Immaculate Conception and papal infallibility as "Roman novelties" and called on the Roman church to return to the faith of the early centuries.{{sfn|Meyendorff|1981|p=90}} Eastern Orthodox Bishop [[Kallistos Ware]] comments that "the [[Latin Church|Latin]] dogma seems to us not so much erroneous as superfluous".{{sfn|Ware|1995|p=77}}<br />
<br />
===Old Catholics===<br />
In the mid-19th century, some Catholics who were unable to accept the doctrine of papal infallibility left the Roman Church and formed the [[Old Catholic Church]]. This movement rejects the Immaculate Conception.{{sfn|Hillerbrand|2012|p=63}}{{sfn|Smit|2019|pp=14, 53}}<br />
<br />
===Protestantism===<br />
Protestants overwhelmingly condemned the promulgation of ''Ineffabilis Deus'' as an exercise in papal power, and the doctrine itself as unscriptural,{{sfn|Herringer|2019|p=507}} for it denied that all had sinned and rested on the Latin translation of Luke 1:28 (the "full of grace" passage) that the original Greek did not support.{{sfn|Hammond|2003|p=601}} Protestants, therefore, teach that Mary was a sinner saved through grace, like all believers.{{sfn|German|2001|p=596}}<br />
<br />
The [[Catholic–Lutheran dialogue]]'s statement ''The One Mediator, the Saints, and Mary'', issued in 1990 after seven years of study and discussion, conceded that Lutherans and Catholics remained separated "by differing views on matters such as the invocation of saints, the Immaculate Conception and the [[Assumption of Mary]]";<ref name="Ryan1990">{{cite web |first1=J. Francis |last1=Stafford |first2=Avery |last2=Dulles |first3=Robert B. |last3=Eno |first4=Joseph A |last4=Fitzmyer |first5=Elizabeth |last5=Johnson |first6=Killian |last6=McDonnell |first7=Carl J. |last7=Peter |first8=Walter |last8=Principe |first9=Georges |last9=Tavard |first10=Frederick M. |last10=Jelly |first11=John f. |last11=Hotchkin |first12=George |last12=Anderson |first13=Robert W. |last13=Bertram |first14=Joseph W. |last14=Burgess |first15=Gerhard O. |last15=Forde |first16=Karlfried |last16=Froelich |first17=Eric |last17=Gritsch |first18=Kenneth |last18=Hagen |first19=John |last19=Reumann |first20=Daniel F. |last20=Martensen |first21=Horace |last21=Hummel |first22=John F. |last22=Johnson |display-authors=6 |title=Lutheran-Catholic Statement on Saints, Mary |url=http://www.usccb.org/beliefs-and-teachings/ecumenical-and-interreligious/ecumenical/lutheran/upload/lu20.pdf |publisher=[[USCCB]] |access-date=7 April 2020 |language=en |date=23 February 1990}}</ref> the final report of the [[Anglican–Roman Catholic International Commission]] (ARCIC), created in 1969 to further ecumenical progress between the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion, similarly recorded the disagreement of the Anglicans with the doctrine, although [[Anglo-Catholic]]s may hold the Immaculate Conception as an optional pious belief.{{sfn|Armentrout|2000|p=260}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Catholicism}}<br />
* [[Feast of the Immaculate Conception]]<br />
* [[Feast of the Conception of the Virgin Mary]]<br />
* [[Act for the Immaculate Conception of Mary]]<br />
* [[Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (disambiguation)]]<br />
* [[Church of the Immaculate Conception (disambiguation)]]<br />
* [[Patronages of the Immaculate Conception]]<br />
* [[Congregation of the Immaculate Conception]]<br />
* [[Marian doctrines of the Catholic Church]]<br />
* [[Marian Fathers of the Immaculate Conception]]<br />
* [[Catholic Mariology]]<br />
* [[Perpetual virginity of Mary]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
===Citations===<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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| title = Jesus in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia, Volume 1<br />
| publisher = ABC-CLIO <br />
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| isbn = 9781576078563<br />
}}<br />
* {{Cite book<br />
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| title = Our Lady in Art<br />
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| url = https://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/5153827.html <br />
}}<br />
* {{cite journal <br />
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|first=Christiaan<br />
|title=Immaculate Conception: Why Thomas Aquinas Denied, While Duns Scotus, Gregory Palamas, and Mark Eugenicus Professed Absolute Immaculate Existence of Mary <br />
|year=2014 <br />
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* {{Cite book<br />
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}}<br />
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*{{cite book |title=The museum of the mind: art and memory in world cultures|last=Mack |first=John|publisher=British Museum|year=2003}}<br />
*{{cite book<br />
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}}<br />
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| chapter = The Mystery of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Old Testament<br />
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| title = Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, Seminarians, and Consecrated Persons<br />
| publisher = Seat of Wisdom Books<br />
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}}<br />
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| first1 = Chris<br />
| chapter = Introduction<br />
| editor1-last = Maunder<br />
| editor1-first = Chris<br />
| title = The Oxford Handbook of Mary<br />
| publisher = Oxford University Press<br />
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| isbn = 9780198792550<br />
}}<br />
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| title = The Orthodox Church: Its Past and Its Role in the World Today<br />
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* {{Cite book<br />
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}}<br />
*{{Citation <br />
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|chapter = Modern Extraterrestrial Portraiture<br />
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|editor3-last = Hanegraaff<br />
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|editor4-last = Vieillard-Baron<br />
|editor4-first = Jean-Louis<br />
|title = Esotérisme, gnoses & imaginaire symbolique: mélanges offerts à Antoine Faivre<br />
|publisher = Peeters Publishers<br />
|year = 2001<br />
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}}<br />
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| title = The Catholic Reformation<br />
| publisher = Psychology Press<br />
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| isbn = 9780415189149<br />
}}<br />
*{{cite book<br />
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| first1 = Virginia<br />
| title = Mary's Mother: Saint Anne in Late Medieval Europe<br />
| publisher = Penn State Press<br />
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}}<br />
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| title = The Roman Catholic Church: An Illustrated History<br />
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}}<br />
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}}<br />
*{{Citation <br />
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|first1 = Gerald<br />
|chapter = Dogma<br />
|editor1-last = Richardson <br />
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|editor2-last = Bowden<br />
|editor2-first = John <br />
|title = The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Theology<br />
|publisher = Westminster John Knox Press<br />
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|isbn = 9780664227487<br />
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| title = The Ethics of the Sages: An Interfaith Commentary on Pirkei Avot<br />
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* {{Cite book<br />
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| title = Gateway to Heaven: Marian Doctrine and Devotion, Image and Typology in the Patristic and Medieval Periods, Volume 1<br />
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| title = Creeds of Christendom: Volume I<br />
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}}<br />
* {{Cite book<br />
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| first = Stephen J. <br />
| title = Mary in Early Christian Faith and Devotion<br />
| publisher = Yale University Press<br />
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| isbn = 9780300219531<br />
}}<br />
* {{Cite book<br />
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| title = Old Catholic Theology: An Introduction<br />
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}}<br />
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}}<br />
* {{cite book<br />
| last = Stortz<br />
| first = Martha Ellen<br />
| chapter = Where or When Was Your Servant Innocent?<br />
| editor1-last = Bunge<br />
| editor1-first = Marcia J. <br />
| title = The Child in Christian Thought<br />
| publisher = Eerdmans<br />
| year = 2001<br />
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QBrHz8gRRowC&pg=PA93<br />
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}}<br />
*{{Citation <br />
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|first1 = E.J.<br />
|chapter = Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary<br />
|editor1-last = Richardson <br />
|editor1-first = Alan <br />
|editor2-last = Bowden<br />
|editor2-first = John <br />
|title = The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Theology<br />
|publisher = Presbyterian Publishing House<br />
|year = 2005<br />
|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PN7UMUTBBPAC&pg=PA286<br />
|isbn = 9780664227487<br />
}}<br />
* {{Cite book<br />
| last = Toews<br />
| first = John<br />
| title = The Story of Original Sin<br />
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* {{Cite book<br />
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| first = Lesley K.<br />
| title = The Serpent and the Rose: The Immaculate Conception and Hispanic Poetry in the Late Medieval Period<br />
| publisher = Brill<br />
| year = 2008<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Qz6wCQAAQBAJ<br />
| isbn = 9789047433200<br />
}}<br />
*{{cite book<br />
| last1 = Ware<br />
| first1 = Bishop Kallistos<br />
| title = The Orthodox Way<br />
| publisher = St Vladimir's Seminary Press<br />
| year = 1995<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HG8c-lUZIDEC<br />
| isbn = 9780913836583<br />
}}<br />
* {{Cite book<br />
| last = Wiley<br />
| first = Tatha<br />
| title = Original Sin: Origins, Developments, Contemporary Meanings<br />
| publisher = Paulist Press<br />
| year = 2002<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=eUVrj1R8f2oC<br />
| isbn = 9780809141289<br />
}}<br />
*{{cite book<br />
| last1 = Williams<br />
| first1 = Paul<br />
| chapter = The Virgin Mary in the Eucharist<br />
| editor1-last = Maunder<br />
| editor1-first = Chris<br />
| title = The Oxford Handbook of Mary<br />
| publisher = Oxford University Press<br />
| year = 2019<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NgulDwAAQBAJ<br />
| isbn = 9780198792550<br />
}}<br />
*{{cite book<br />
| last1 = Wright<br />
| first1 = David F.<br />
| chapter = Mary<br />
| editor1-last = McKim <br />
| editor1-first = Donald K. <br />
| editor2-last = Wright<br />
| editor2-first = David F.<br />
| title = Encyclopedia of the Reformed Faith<br />
| publisher = Westminster John Knox Press<br />
| year = 1992<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MJPsgwN789gC<br />
| isbn = 9780664218829<br />
}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Wikiquote}}<br />
{{Commons category|Immaculate Conception}}<br />
* [https://www.papalencyclicals.net/pius09/p9ineff.htm ''Ineffabilis Deus''] – encyclical defining the Immaculate Conception<br />
<br />
{{Virgin Mary}}<br />
{{Catholic saints}}<br />
{{Liturgical year of the Catholic Church}}<br />
{{History of the Catholic Church}}<br />
{{Catholicism}}<br />
{{Our Lady of Lourdes}}<br />
{{Madonna styles}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Conception, Immaculate}}<br />
[[Category:Anglican Mariology]]<br />
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]<br />
[[Category:Catholic devotions|Immac]]<br />
[[Category:Catholic holy days|Immac]]<br />
[[Category:Catholic Mariology|Immac]]<br />
[[Category:Marian dogmas|Immac]]<br />
[[Category:Our Lady of Lourdes|Immac]]<br />
[[Category:Pope Pius IX Mariology|Immac]]<br />
[[Category:Scotism]]<br />
[[Category:Western Christianity]]<br />
[[Category:Immaculate Conception| ]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sree_(film)&diff=536961Sree (film)2026-03-03T23:19:30Z<p>Rockybhai3: Made First Post V1</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2005 film by Dasaradh}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Sree<br />
| image = Sri Telugu DVD.jpg<br />
| director = [[Kondapalli Dasarath Kumar|Dasarath]]<br />
| writer = [[Kona Venkat]] (dialogues)<br />
| screenplay = [[Gopimohan]]<br />
| story = Dasarath<br />
| starring = {{plainlist|<br />
*[[Manoj Manchu]]<br />
*[[Tamannaah Bhatia]]<br />
}}<br />
| producer = [[Lakshmi Manchu|Lakshmi Prasanna]]<br />
| studio = [[Sree Lakshmi Prasanna Pictures]]<br />
| cinematography = S. Arun Kumar<br />
| music = [[Sandeep Chowta]]<br />
| editing = Gautham Raju<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2005|12|03}}<br />
| runtime = 150 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
| budget = {{Estimation}} {{INR|3 [[crore]]}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Sree''''' is a 2005 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action drama]] film directed by [[Dasaradh (director)|Dasaradh]] and starring [[Manoj Manchu]] and [[Tamannaah Bhatia]] (in her Telugu debut). The film received negative reviews and underperformed at the box office, despite having a good opening.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet-manoj2ndfilm.html|title=Pressmeet: Manoj 2nd film|date=27 May 2005|last=Jeevi|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=18 May 2023|archive-date=18 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518014939/https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet-manoj2ndfilm.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="I">{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-sri.html|title=Sri - Telugu cinema Review - Manoj & Tamanna|date=3 December 2005|last=Jeevi|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=5 December 2021|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205013956/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-sri.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Bhikshapati is the cruellest landlord in Rayalaseema. He is on his way to hunt down the family of Sandhya who stay in Bhuvaneswar. Sree grows up in Bhuvaneswar with his widowed mother. Sree falls in [[love at first sight]] with Sandhya. When things are getting right between Sandhya and Sree, Bhikshapati's men enter Bhuvaneswar. Sree rescues the family of Sandhya from Bhikshapati's men. Then he also finds out that there is some connection between his father and Bhikshapati's men. The rest of the story is about how he returns to Rayalaseema and rescues the people of village from the clutches of the feudal landlord Bikshapati.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{cast listing|<br />
* [[Manoj Manchu]] as Sriram<br />
* [[Tamannaah Bhatia]] as Sandhya<br />
* [[Devaraj]] as Bhikshapati<br />
* [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]] as Sriram's mother<br />
* [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] as Subbarao<br />
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Singer<br />
* [[Naga Babu]] <br />
* [[Raghu Babu]]<br />
* [[Subhashini]]<br />
* [[Jaya Prakash Reddy]]<br />
* [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Ravi<br />
* [[Giri Babu]]<br />
* [[Ahuti Prasad]]<br />
* [[Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao]]<br />
* [[Dharmavarapu Subrahmanyam]]<br />
* [[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]]<br />
* [[Satyam Rajesh]] as Sriram's friend<br />
* [[Banerjee (actor)|Banerjee]]<br />
* [[Rallapalli (actor)|Rallapalli]]<br />
* [[Khayyum]] as Sriram's friend<br />
* [[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]]<br />
;Cameo appearance<br />
* [[Mohan Babu]] as Basawadu<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
The film began production on 11 May 2005. [[Tamannaah Bhatia]] was only 15 years old during filming.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/muhurat-manoj2ndfilm.html|title=Muhurat: Manoj's 2nd film|date=11 May 2005|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|last=Jeevi|access-date=18 May 2023|archive-date=18 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518014939/https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/muhurat-manoj2ndfilm.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
The music was composed by [[Sandeep Chowta]] and released by [[Aditya Music]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-sri.html|title=Audio release - Sri|date=14 November 2005|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|last=Jeevi|access-date=18 May 2023|archive-date=18 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518014938/https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-sri.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The song "Sindhura Sindhura" was shot an [[Annapoorna Studios]] in November 2005 under the choreography of [[Ahmed Khan (choreographer)|Ahmed Khan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet-sri.html|title=On the sets: Sri|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=9 November 2005|last=Jeevi|access-date=18 May 2023|archive-date=18 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518014939/https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet-sri.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Sree<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = [[Sandeep Chowta]]<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = 14 November 2005<br />
| recorded = 2005<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 25:26<br />
| label = [[Aditya Music]]<br />
| producer = Sandeep Chowta<br />
| prev_title = [[Super (2005 film)|Super]]<br />
| prev_year = 2005<br />
| next_title = [[Political Rowdy]]<br />
| next_year = 2005<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{track listing<br />
| headline = Track list<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = 25:26<br />
| title1 = Prema Prema<br />
| lyrics1 = [[Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar]]<br />
| extra1 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]<br />
| length1 = 4:31<br />
| title2 = Sindhura<br />
| lyrics2 = [[Bhuvana Chandra]]<br />
| extra2 = [[Sandeep Chowta]], Ella Pragada <br />
| length2 = 4:17<br />
| title3 = Yem Pilla<br />
| lyrics3 = Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar<br />
| extra3 = [[Mano (singer)]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]<br />
| length3 = 4:02<br />
| title4 = Are Chi Chi<br />
| lyrics4 = Bhuvana Chandra<br />
| extra4 = Rajesh Krishnan, [[Shweta Pandit]], [[Teesha Nigam|Nikita Nigam]]<br />
| length4 = 5:04<br />
| title5 = Mari Mari<br />
| lyrics5 = Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar<br />
| extra5 = [[Sowmya Raoh]]<br />
| length5 = 1:41<br />
| title6 = Holi Holi<br />
| lyrics6 = [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]<br />
| extra6 = Rajesh Krishnan, [[Sonu Kakkar]], Nikita Nigam<br />
| length6 = 5:51<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' wrote that "The predictable plot of the film does not leave anything fresh to the viewer. The screenplay should have been better".<ref name="I"/> A critic from ''Full Hyderabad'' wrote that "on the whole, Sri is a movie to skip. Only fans of Mohan Babu might salvage something for his son".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/sri/telugu/sri-movie-reviews-1378-2.html|title=Sri Review|work=Full Hyderabad|access-date=5 December 2021|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205014005/https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/sri/telugu/sri-movie-reviews-1378-2.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''Indiaglitz'' wrote that "Sri, on the whole, may be a title of respect. But the film deserves little".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/sri-review-telugu-movie-7699|title=Sri Review|date=5 December 2005|work=Indiaglitz|access-date=18 May 2023|archive-date=18 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518014938/https://www.indiaglitz.com/sri-review-telugu-movie-7699|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0483999|Sri}}<br />
<br />
{{K.Dasaradh}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2005 films]]<br />
[[Category:2005 Telugu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Sandeep Chowta]]<br />
[[Category:Films about landlords]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suriyan_Chandran&diff=538618Suriyan Chandran2026-03-03T04:56:51Z<p>Rockybhai3: Made Basic Post From Scratch</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|1993 film by K. S. Ravikumar}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Suriyan Chandran<br />
| image = Suriyan Chandran.jpg<br />
| caption = Title card<br />
| director = [[K. S. Ravikumar]]<br />
| screenplay = K. S. Ravikumar<br />
| story = S. Ramanath<br />
| producer = S. Sivagami<br />
| starring = [[Anand Babu]]<br />[[Keerthana (actress)|Keerthana]]<br />[[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]]<br />
| cinematography = Ashok Rajan<br />
| editing = K. Thanikachalam<br />
| music = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]<br />
| studio = Ayyannar Cine Arts<br />
| released = {{film date|1993|2|25|df=y}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Suriyan Chandran''''' ({{Translation|Sun and moon}}) is a 1993 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[masala film]] written and directed by [[K. S. Ravikumar]] from a story by S. Ramanath. The film stars [[Anand Babu]], [[Keerthana (actress)|Keerthana]] and [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]]. It was released on 25 February 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundaram |first=Nandhu |date=27 June 2018 |title=From 'Gentleman' to 'Amaravathi' : Revisiting popular films which released 25 years ago |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/gentleman-amaravathi-revisiting-popular-films-which-released-25-years-ago-83756 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228073451/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/gentleman-amaravathi-revisiting-popular-films-which-released-25-years-ago-83756 |archive-date=28 December 2020 |access-date=17 April 2022 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=சூரியன் சந்திரன் / Suriyan Chandiran (1993) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/suriyan-chandiran |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118190105/https://screen4screen.com/movies/suriyan-chandiran |archive-date=18 November 2023 |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
{{no plot|date=April 2022}}<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{cast listing|<br />
* [[Anand Babu]]<br />
* [[Keerthana (actress)|Keerthana]]<br />
* [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]]<br />
* [[K. S. Ravikumar]]<br />
* [[R. Sundarrajan]]<br />
* [[Vinodhini]]<br />
* [[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]]<br />
* [[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]]<br />
* [[Viji]]<br />
* [[Bayilvan Ranganathan]]<br />
* [[Sathyapriya]]<br />
* Shanmuga Sundari<br />
* Sharmili<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The music was composed by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]] and lyrics written by Kalidasan.<ref>{{cite web |title=SOORIAN CHANDRAN / PAVALA KODI – Deva Old Ramy USA Edition Audio Cd |url=https://www.audiocdworld.com/product/soorian-chandran-pavala-kodi-deva-old-ramy-usa-edition-audio-cd-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260103131448/https://www.audiocdworld.com/product/soorian-chandran-pavala-kodi-deva-old-ramy-usa-edition-audio-cd-2/ |archive-date=3 January 2026 |access-date=3 January 2026 |website=Audio CDs World}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Thennanthoppu Malai Oram<br />
| extra1 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]]<br />
| title2 = Oh Keerthana<br />
| extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], K. S. Chithra<br />
| title3 = Saathi Ennada Saathi<br />
| extra3 = [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], Mano<br />
| title4 = Vedanthangalil Oru Penpura<br />
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra<br />
| title5 = Kanni Theevu<br />
| extra5 = Malaysia Vasudevan, Mano, K. S. Chithra<br />
| title6 = Thalaiva Nalama<br />
| extra6 = Deva, Mano, [[Malgudi Subha|Malkudi Subha]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Critical reception ==<br />
Ayyappa Prasad of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "''Sooriyan Chandran'' has an interesting storyline marked by good performances by Anand Babu and Saravanan in the main roles".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prasad |first=Ayyappa |date=5 March 1993 |title=Good show |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19930305&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=5 January 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=11 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' called it a routine masala fare, but the way it was presented was brand new.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=28 March 2022 |title=சூரியன் சந்திரன் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1993/mar/28-03-1993/p20.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220913091308/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1993/mar/28-03-1993/p20.jpg |archive-date=13 September 2022 |access-date=26 April 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=20 |language=Ta}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
<br />
{{K. S. Ravikumar}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1990s masala films]]<br />
[[Category:1993 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1993 films]]<br />
[[Category:1993 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by K. S. Ravikumar]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Deva (composer)]]<br />
[[Category:Films with screenplays by K. S. Ravikumar]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kilipetchu_Ketkavaa&diff=509925Kilipetchu Ketkavaa2026-03-03T04:56:17Z<p>Rockybhai3: starting data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|1993 film directed by Fazil}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Kilipetchu Ketkavaa.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Fazil (director)|Fazil]]<br />
| producer = M. G. Sekar<br />
| writer = [[Gokula Krishnan]] (dialogues)<br />
| screenplay = Fazil<br />
| story = Fazil<br />
| starring = [[Mammootty]]<br />[[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]]<br />
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br />
| cinematography = [[Anandakuttan]]<br />
| editing = [[T. R. Shekar]]<br />
| studio = M. G. Pictures<br />
| released = {{film date|1993|11|13|df=y}}<br />
| runtime = 135 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Kilipecchu Ketkavaa''''' ({{Translation|Come, listen to the parrot}}) is a 1993 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film, directed by [[Fazil (director)|Fazil]], starring [[Mammootty]] and [[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]]. It was released on 13 November 1993.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
{{more plot|date=October 2021}}<br />
Chidambaram, a poor and newly appointed schoolteacher, demanded to stay in an allegedly haunted palace and work as a night watchman there apart from being a teacher in the day time. To support his mother, he agreed to this. He stayed in the palace alone. At first, he was scared because of the presence of the ghost. It was Sivagami, the heir of the palace, acted as a ghost to get back the palace that was illegally taken over by their rival family when her grandfather was four years old. The duo, grandfather and granddaughter, made up a story of haunted palace to avoid selling the property. Chidambaram came to an agreement living with the ghost of the house, Sivagami, who actually pretends as a ghost to him. The relationship built on and both end up in love.<br />
<br />
To get back their palace, the grandfather with his granddaughter had to perform annual pooja at the village's Durga temple continuously for 20 years. Chidambaram reached the village on the 20th year.<br />
<br />
The love between Chidambaram and Sivagami was not approved by her cousin Sounder (Nasser), whom wanted to marry her. The village chief, as per their village's custom, declared Chidambaram and Sounder to participate in a combat held during the annual pooja to select a groom among them.<br />
<br />
Chidabaram won the combat. But, Sounder, who was jealous and envy of Chidambaram, planned to detonate a bomb to kill the latter with the help of local goon, Joseph. Knowing about Sounder's plan through Joseph's son, Sivagami ran towards Chidambaram to stop him, but she was killed in the blast. Sounder and Joseph were chased by the villagers on Knowing about their cruel plan. Before her last breath, Sivagami revealed the truth (acting as a ghost in the palace) to Chidambaram.<br />
<br />
Heart-broken Chidambaram decided to leave the palace and the village all together. When he was about to leave the palace, the real ghost of late Sivagami showed her presence in the palace. On seeing this, Chidambaram was happy and returned inside the palace making his heart to live with his eternal lover.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
<br />
*[[Mammootty]] as Chidambaram<br />
*[[Kanaka (actress)|Kanaka]] as Sivakami<br />
*[[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Grandfather<br />
*[[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Sounder<br />
*[[Charle]] as a Villager<br />
*[[Cheenu Mohan]] as Tea vendor<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The soundtrack was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], with lyrics written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kili Petchu Ketkavaa Tamil FIlm Audio Cassette by Ilayaraaja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/kili-petchu-ketkavaa-tamil-film-audio-cassette-by-ilayaraaja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027111457/https://mossymart.com/product/kili-petchu-ketkavaa-tamil-film-audio-cassette-by-ilayaraaja/ |archive-date=27 October 2021 |access-date=27 October 2021 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kilipetchu Ketkava |url=https://gaana.com/album/kilipetchu-ketkava |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027111457/https://gaana.com/album/kilipetchu-ketkava |archive-date=27 October 2021 |access-date=7 September 2020 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref> The song "Sivagami Nenapinile" is set in the [[Carnatic raga]] [[Mayamalavagowla]], and the song "Vanthadhu" is set in the raga [[Shree ranjani]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=26 October 2012 |title=Six-note splendour |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/sixnote-splendour/article4034523.ece |url-status=live |access-date=7 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129094848/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/sixnote-splendour/article4034523.ece |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref> There are two versions of "Anbe Vaa Arugile": one sung by [[K. J. Yesudas]], and another by [[S. Janaki]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2020 |title=Soulful Compositions of Ilaiyaraaja |url=https://blogbuster.tatasky.com/soulful-compositions-ilaiyaraaja/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716233648/https://blogbuster.tatasky.com/soulful-compositions-ilaiyaraaja/ |archive-date=16 July 2020 |access-date=7 September 2020 |website=Blogbuster |publisher=[[Tata Sky]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = 23:23<br />
| title1 = Adichu Viratuven<br />
| extra1 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], Surendar<br />
| length1 = 4:08<br />
| title2 = Anbe Vaa Arugile<br />
| note2 = Female<br />
| extra2 = [[S. Janaki]]<br />
| length2 = 5:08<br />
| title3 = Anbe Vaa Arugile<br />
| extra3 = [[K. J. Yesudas]]<br />
| note3 = Male<br />
| length3 = 5:08<br />
| title4 = Sivakami Ninaipilae<br />
| extra4 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], S. Janaki<br />
| length4 = 5:02<br />
| title5 = Vanthadhu Vanthadhu<br />
| extra5 = S. Janaki, chorus<br />
| length5 = 3:57<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Release and reception ==<br />
''Kilipetchu Ketkavaa'' was released on 13 November 1993, [[Diwali]] day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 November 1993 |title=Kilipecchu Ketkavaa |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19931113&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=7 January 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=4 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote the day before, "The script is ingenious, is constantly engaging and makes the film a delight to watch".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=12 November 1993 |title=Spirited tempo lasts |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19931112&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=7 January 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=6 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On 21 November, R. P. R. of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' told viewers to enjoy it like a magic show without expecting too much logic.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஆர். பி. ஆர். |date=21 November 1993 |title=கிளிப்பேச்சு கேட்க வா |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1993-11-21/page/n65/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240223134814/https://archive.org/details/kalki1993-11-21/page/n65/mode/2up |archive-date=23 February 2024 |access-date=24 February 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=64 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
<br />
{{Fazil (director)}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1993 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1993 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1993 films]]<br />
[[Category:1993 romantic comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Fazil]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic comedy films]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jahangir_National_University&diff=505199Jahangir National University2026-03-02T04:57:39Z<p>Rockybhai3: starting new entry</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Jahangir National University<br />
| image = File:Poster_of_movie_Jahangir_National_University.jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| director = Vinay Sharma<br />
| story = Vinay Sharma<br />
| writer = <br />
| starring = Siddharth Bodke<br /> [[Urvashi Rautela]] <br /> [[Rashami Desai]]<br /> [[Ravi Kishan]]<br /> [[Piyush Mishra]] <br />
| producer = Pratima Datta<br />
| music = Aehmad Najeem,<br /> Vijay Verma <br /> Saaransh Maide<br />
| cinematography = Parth Navle<br />
| editing = Sanjay Sankla<br />
| studio = Mahakaal Movies Pvt. Ltd<br />
| released = {{Film date|2024|06|21|df=y}}<br />
| runtime = 152 minutes<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| country = India<br />
| budget = <br />
}}<br />
'''''Jahangir National University''''' is a 2024 [[India|Indian]] [[Hindi]]-language [[Political drama|political]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film directed by Vinay Sharma and produced by Pratima Datta under the banner of Mahakaal Movies Pvt. Ltd.<ref name="T 2024 m143">{{cite web |last=T |first=Sachin |title=First Poster Of JNU: Jahangir National University Out; Netizens REACT To Urvashi Rautela, Ravi Kishan, Rashami Desai's Controversial Film |website=Free Press Journal |date=12 March 2024 |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/first-poster-of-jnu-jahangir-national-university-out-netizens-react-to-piyush-mishra-ravi-kishan-rashami-desais-controversial-film |access-date=13 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="The Economic Times 2024 z966">{{cite web |title=Poster of new film 'JNU: Jahangir National University' triggers uproar on X |website=The Economic Times |date=12 March 2024 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/poster-of-new-film-jnu-jahangir-national-university-triggers-uproar-on-x/articleshow/108442002.cms?from=mdr |access-date=13 March 2024}}</ref> The film stars Siddharth Bodke and [[Urvashi Rautela]] as lead characters.<ref name="Deccan Herald 2024 r508">{{cite web |title=Poster of new film 'JNU: Jahangir National University' sparks debate on social media |website=Deccan Herald |date=12 March 2024 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/poster-of-new-film-jnu-jahangir-national-university-sparks-debate-on-social-media-2933405 |access-date=13 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="Desk 2024 u685">{{cite web |title=Poster of new film JNU: Jahangir National University sparks debate on social media |website=Hindustan Times |date=12 March 2024 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/poster-of-new-film-jnu-jahangir-national-university-sparks-debate-on-social-media-101710250601961.html |access-date=13 March 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
The film's poster and its [[tagline]] "Can one educational university bring down the nation?" have been subject to controversy.<ref>{{Citation |title=JNU Movie Poster Release {{!}} Jahangir National University Movie Poster Sparks Row {{!}} N18V {{!}} News18 |date=12 March 2024 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpoSLbLwWLM |access-date=14 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2024 |title=Bollywood's film on JNU protests draws ire |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2459229/hindi-cinema-is-beyond-repair-bollywoods-film-on-jnu-protests-draws-ire |access-date=14 March 2024 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=12 March 2024 |title=Jahangir National University: Will Urvashi Rautela's Film Address The Real-Life JNU Controversy? |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jahangir-national-university-real-life-jnu-urvashi-rautela-tukde-tukde-629703.html |access-date=14 March 2024 |website=The Times of India |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 March 2024 |title=SFI flays poster of 'movie on JNU', calls it propaganda |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/sfi-flays-poster-of-movie-on-jnu-calls-it-propaganda/article67944434.ece |access-date=14 March 2024 |newspaper=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It was released in theaters on 21 June 2024. It has been described as a [[propaganda]] and criticised for its editing and screenplay.<ref name="m705"/> <br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
The university in the film is fictional but its name is similar to that of [[Jahangirnagar University]] ([[Bangladesh]]) and evokes above all [[JNU Delhi|JNU]] in [[Delhi]], although whether the film is based on real events related to this institution ([[JNU 2016 sedition controversy]], [[2020 Jawaharlal Nehru University attack|JNU attack]]) remains unclear so far.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
* Siddharth Bodke as Saurabh Sharma<br />
* [[Urvashi Rautela]] as Richa Sharma<br />
* [[Rashami Desai]] as Yuvedita Menon <br />
* [[Ravi Kishan]] as Ramkishan <br />
* [[Vijay Raaz]] as Ravindra Tokash <br />
* [[Piyush Mishra]] as Guru Ji<br />
* [[Sonnalli Seygall]] as Jahanvi Ojha <br />
* Atul Pandey as Krishna Kumar <br />
* Kunj Anand as Baba (Akhilesh Pathak) <br />
* Shivjyoti Rajput as Saira Rashid <br />
* Priya Bakshi as Prajita D Raja<br />
* Umar Sharif as Amar (Omar Malik)<br />
* [[Jeniffer Piccinato]] as Nyra<br />
* Savant Singh Premi as Tatli<br />
* Ashok Kumar Beniwal as Bhasker<br />
* Siddharth Bharadwaj as Prof. Anjum Shakeel<br />
* Geetika Mehandru<ref>{{cite web |title=Exclusive: JNU एक्ट्रेस गीतिका के लिए कितना मुश्किल था फिल्म में काम करना? शूट के बीच मिला जीवनसाथी |url=https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/bollywood-news/story/jnu-jahangir-national-university-film-actress-geetika-mehandru-talks-about-her-character-love-story-and-working-in-controversial-movie-tmovp-1969955-2024-06-21 |website=आज तक |language=hi |date=21 June 2024}}</ref> as Vasudha<br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
The film's release had been announced for April, 5 2024 but later postponed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2024 |title='JNU: Jahangir National University' Release Date Postponed? Here's What We Know |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/jnu-jahangir-national-university-release-date-postponed-heres-what-we-know |access-date=13 April 2024 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref> The film was then scheduled to release on 21 June 2024.<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
<br />
Sujay B M, writing for the ''[[Deccan Herald]]'', gave this movie a rating of 1/5 and added that the movie relies on "the [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] perspective" and that "the bad editing and poor screenplay add to the mess".<ref name="m705">{{cite web |last=M |first=Sujay B |title='JNU: Jahangir National University' movie review: Blatant propaganda bereft of facts |website=Deccan Herald |date=22 June 2024 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/jnu-jahangir-national-university-movie-review-blatant-propaganda-bereft-of-facts-3076357 |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
Abhishek Srivastava, writing for the ''[[Times of India]]'', gave it a rating of 2/5 and described the movie as "a drag and tedious experience, lacking depth and soul".<ref name="i996">{{cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Abhishek |title=JNU: Jahangir National University Movie Review: A failed attempt to capture JNU's essence |website=The Times of India |date=21 June 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/jnu-jahangir-national-university/movie-review/111156504.cms |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
* {{IMDb title|id=31702853}}<br />
* [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jahangir-national-university/cast/ Cast and crew] at [[Bollywood Hungama|''BollywoodHungama'']]<br />
* [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/jahangir-national-university/movieshow/108500695.cms JNU] at [[The Times of India|''Times of India'']]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian propaganda films]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in universities and colleges]]<br />
[[Category:Student politics in India]]<br />
[[Category:Films about student societies]]<br />
[[Category:Films about Naxalism]]<br />
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Delhi Police]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language films based on actual events]]<br />
[[Category:Films about conspiracy theories]]<br />
[[Category:Political controversies in India]]<br />
[[Category:Political controversies in film]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in 2019]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matrusri_Nagar,_Miyapur,_Hyderabad&diff=516854Matrusri Nagar, Miyapur, Hyderabad2026-02-23T09:58:09Z<p>Rockybhai3: created new post from scratch.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{more citations needed|date=October 2024}}<br />
<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Matrusri Nagar<br />
| other_name = M S Nagar<br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = <br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Telangana<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|17.49|N|78.36|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[districts of Telangana|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ranga Reddy]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Mandal]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Serilingampally]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 146139<br />
| population_as_of = 2001<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| leader_title1 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]<br />
| leader_name1 = [[Arekapudi Gandhi]], [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| leader_name2 = [[Konda Vishweshwar Reddy]], [[TRS]]<br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 500049<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Chevella Lok Sabha constituency]]<br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Serilingampally Assembly constituency]]<br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Matrusri Nagar''' is a residential area near Miyapur cross Road. It is located 20.9 kilometres (12.9&nbsp;mi) northwest of [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], is part of Greater Hyderabad and administered by [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation|GHMC]] and developed by [[Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority|HMDA]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matrusri Nagar, Hyderabad: Map, Property Rates, Projects, Photos, Reviews, Info |url=https://www.magicbricks.com/Matrusri-Nagar-in-Hyderabad-Overview |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.magicbricks.com}}</ref> Transportation is managed by [[Unified Metropolitan Transportation Authority, Hyderabad (India)|UMTA]]. Telugu is the local language.<br />
<br />
==Transportation==<br />
[[Hafeezpet railway station]] and [[Chandanagar railway station]] are the nearby railway stations to Matrusri Nagar. [[Hyderabad Deccan railway station]] is the major railway station which is about 16&nbsp;km near to Matrusri Nagar.<br />
<br />
Hafeezpet Bus Station, Miyapur Bus Station, Miyapur cross Roads Bus Station, Kondapur Bus Station, and Deepthisree Bus Station are the nearby bus stations. Buses run to a number of places.<br />
<br />
Miyapur Metro station is also located beside Matrusri nagar bus stand, providing even better and faster connectivity to various areas in the city.<br />
<br />
==Administration== <br />
Matrusri Nagar is a part of [[Serilingampally]] Mandal. It was formerly part of [[Manchal (mandal)|Manchal]] Mandal. Matrusri Nagar is a part of [[Serilingampally (Assembly constituency)|Serilingampally (52)]] Assembly constituency. Matrusri Nagar is a part of [[Chevella (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chevella]] Lok Sabha constituency.<br />
<br />
==Society==<br />
Matrusri Nagar Residents Welfare Association takes care of this area.(MRWA) President Anil kavuri<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]<br />
*[[Ranga Reddy district]]<br />
*[[Miyapur]]<br />
*[[Hafeezpet]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Geography of Hyderabad, India]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gautam_Brahmins&diff=473981Gautam Brahmins2026-02-21T20:44:04Z<p>Rockybhai3: cleaned up lead and corrected details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Sub-group of Hindu Brahmins in India}}<br />
These are [[Hindu]] [[Brahmins]] who affiliate either with the [[Gautama Maharishi|Gautam]] [[gotra]] and/or [[Gautama Maharishi|Gautam]] [[Dharmasutra]] and have their last name as '''Gautam'''.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name '''Gautam''' or '''Gautama''' (Sanskrit: गौतम, [[Sanskrit phonology|/ɡɑw.t̪ɐ.mɐ/]] {{IAST3|Gautama}}) is related to Gotama (गोतम)<ref name=" Williams 1">{{Citation |last= Williams |first=Monier | year=1872 |title=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Greek, Latin, Gothic, German, Ango-Saxon and Other Cognate Indo-European Languages |publisher=The Clarendon Press | place=Oxford |page=301 |url= https://archive.org/details/1872sanskriten00moniuoft/page/301/mode/2up}} </ref> and is also written as Gowthama, Gauthama or Goutama. <br/><br />
<br />
The name is a compounded word derived from the Sanskrit word “Gõ' (गो) and Sanskrit root "Tama:(तम:)". "Tama: (तम:)" (with a [[visarga]] substitute for final "s (स्)" in "Tamas (तमस्))"<ref name="Kale 1">{{Citation |last= Kale | first = Moreshwar Ramchandra |year=1961 |title=A Higher Sanskrit Grammar for the use of Schools and Colleges |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass | place=Delhi |page=5 |url = https://archive.org/details/HigherSanskritGrammarKale7thEdition}}</ref> means, inter alia, "darkness".<ref name="Apte1">{{Citation |last= Apte | first = Vaman Shivram |year=1890 | edition= fourth 1965 |title=The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary Containing Appendices on Sanskrit Prosody and Important Literary and Geographical Names of Ancient India |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass | place=Delhi |page=468 |url=https://archive.org/details/practicalsanskri00apteuoft/page/468/mode/2up| ISBN= 0-89581-171-5}}</ref><ref name=" Williams 2">{{Citation |last= Williams |first=Monier |year=1872 |title=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Greek, Latin, Gothic, German, Ango-Saxon and Other Cognate Indo-European Languages |publisher=The Clarendon Press |place=Oxford |page=364 |url = https://archive.org/details/1872sanskriten00moniuoft/page/364/mode/2up}}</ref><br />
and "Gõ (गो)" means, inter alia, "rays of light".<ref name="Apte2">{{Citation |last= Apte | first = Vaman Shivram |year=1890 |edition= fourth 1965 |title=The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary Containing Appendices on Sanskrit Prosody and Important Literary and Geographical Names of Ancient India |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |place=Delhi |page=412 |url=https://archive.org/details/practicalsanskri00apteuoft/page/412/mode/2up| ISBN= 0-89581-171-5}}</ref><ref name=" Williams 3">{{Citation |last= Williams |first=Monier |year=1872 |title=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Greek, Latin, Gothic, German, Ango-Saxon and Other Cognate Indo-European Languages |publisher=The Clarendon Press | place=Oxford |page=296 |url = https://archive.org/details/1872sanskriten00moniuoft/page/296/mode/2up}}</ref><br />
Together they mean dispelling darkness (of the night) by the rays of light (of the dawn). <ref name="Aurobindo 1">{{Citation |author= Sri Aurobindo |year=1998 |title=The Secret of the Veda with Selected Hymns, The complete Works of Sri Aurobindo |volume= 15 |publisher=Sri Aurobindo Ashram Publication Department | place= Pondicherry |pages= 123-172 |url =https://archive.org/details/the-secret-of-the-veda-sri-aurobindo/}}</ref><ref name="Aurobindo 2">{{Citation |author= Sri Aurobindo |year=1998 |title=The Secret of the Veda with Selected Hymns, The complete Works of Sri Aurobindo |volume= 15 |publisher=Sri Aurobindo Ashram Publication Department | place= Pondicherry |pages= 276-284 |url =https://archive.org/details/the-secret-of-the-veda-sri-aurobindo/}}</ref> <br />
<ref name=" Salagram">{{Citation | title= Gotras |website= www.salagram.net |url= http://www.salagram.net/Gotras.html}}</ref><br />
Metaphorically, the combined word indicates the one, who dispels ignorance by the brilliance of his spiritual knowledge. <ref name="Aurobindo 1"/><ref name="Aurobindo 2"/><ref name=" Salagram"/><br/><br />
<br />
"गोतम: (Gotama:)" and "गोतम (Gotama)" both signify the same word. The difference between "Gotama:" and "Gotama" in Sanskrit is grammatical. Gotama is the form of the stem or root (प्रातिपदिक) "गोतम्" whereas "Gotama:" is the form of the nominative singular case (प्रथमा विभक्ति). <ref name="Goldman1">{{Citation |last1= Goldman | first1= Robert P. |last2= Goldman | first2= Sally J. Sutherland |year=1980 | edition= Third 1999 |title=Devavanipravesika: An Introduction to the Sanskrit Language |publisher=Center for South Asia Studies, University of California | place= Berkeley |page=60-63 |url = https://archive.org/details/devavanipravesika-ocr_202206/page/386/mode/2up}}</ref> The final "a" in "Gotama:" is clearly pronounced while the final "a" in "Gotama" is not pronounced.<ref name="Goldman1"/><br/><br />
<br />
The name “Gotama” initially originated during the early Rigvedic times, and the name “Gautama” later developed as a vrddhi (au “औ” for o “ओ”) <ref name="Kale 2">{{Citation |last= Kale | first = Moreshwar Ramchandra |year=1961 |title=A Higher Sanskrit Grammar for the use of Schools and Colleges |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass | place=Delhi |page=11 |url=https://archive.org/details/HigherSanskritGrammarKale7thEdition}}</ref><br />
patronymic from Gotama. <ref name=" Williams 1" /> In the Rigveda Samhita the descendants of Gotama are also called Gotama while in later Vedic literature they are called Gautama.<ref name="Satis 1">{{Citation |translator-last= Vidyabhusana |translator-first= Satis Chandra |year=1913 |title=The Nyaya Sutras of Gotama |publisher= The Panini Office, Bhuvaneswari Asrama |place= Bahadurganj, Allahabad |page=iii |url= https://archive.org/details/TheNyayaSutrasOfGotama/page/n12/mode/2up }}</ref><br/><br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Brahmins, having "Gautam" gotra, are found across India, from Kashmir to Kerala and Assam to Gujarat. Many Brahmins also follow the Gautam Dharmasutra. However, not all Brahmins, who affiliate with Gautam gotra and/ or follow the Gautam Dharamsutra, write their last name as "Gautam". But Brahmins, who also write their last name as "Gautam", are generally found in Punjab, Haryana,<ref name="Sharma">{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Pradeep |date= 2024-10-21 |title= Kalyan, Mool Chand lead race for post of Haryana Speaker |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/kalyan-mool-chand-lead-race-for-post-of-haryana-speaker/|location= Chandigarh |publisher= Tribune News Service |access-date= 2025-07-06}}</ref> Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Western Uttar Pradesh,<ref name="Singh">{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Rajesh Kumar |date=2024-04-25 |title= Stage set for Phase 2 Lok Sabha polls in eight west Uttar Pradesh constituencies<br />
|url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/stage-set-for-phase-2-lok-sabha-polls-in-eight-west-uttar-pradesh-constituencies-101714059806665.html |location= Lucknow |publisher= Hindustan Times |access-date= 2025-07-06}}</ref> Karnataka and Tamil Nadu in India. In Nepal also some Brahmins, who affiliate with Gautam gotra, write their last name as "Gautam". In the rest of the regions of India, Brahmins who affiliate with Gautam gotra and/ or follow the Gautam Dharamsutra, either write the generic Brahmin’s name (such as, Sharma etc.) or their "Vipra Shashanam विप्र शाषनम्" or "alla अल्ल" (such as, Mishra, Bhatt etc.) as their last name. <br />
<br />
==Notable people==<br />
*[[Bana Malwala]], Dewan Banna Mal Gautam, Dewan of Kapurthala Princely State and he built Shivala Dewan Banna Mal Mandir in [[Nawanshahr]], Banna Mal Has two sons Namely Dewan Acchru Mal Gautam (Finance Minister of Kapurthala State) And Dewan Sundri Mal Gautam (Honorary Magistrate)<br />
*[[Dhwani Gautam]], Indian filmmaker<br />
*[[Hari Gautam]], Cardiologist, former VC of BHU and former UGC Chairman <br />
*[[Mukesh Gautam]], Indian film director and father of Surilie and Yami Gautam<br />
*[[Navneet Gautam]], Indian kabaddi player<br />
*[[Ram Kumar Gautam]], Indian politician<br />
*[[Rashmi Gautam]], Indian actress<br />
*[[Ravindra Gautam]], Indian film and television director<br />
* [[Satish Kumar Gautam]], Indian politician<br />
*[[Shatrughan Gautam]], Indian politician<br />
*[[Sheela Gautam]], Indian politician<br />
*[[Srikant Gautam]], Indian lyricist and film director<br />
*[[Surilie Gautam]], Indian film and television actress<br />
*[[Umesh Gautam]], Indian politician<br />
*[[Yami Gautam]], Indian actress<br />
*[[Gaurav Gautam]], Indian politician<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category: Brahmins]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=K._P._Hormis&diff=506962K. P. Hormis2026-02-18T19:12:31Z<p>Rockybhai3: starting data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian Banker}}<br />
{{Indian patronymic|Hormis|Kulangara Paulo}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = K. P. Hormis<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1917|10|18|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Mookkannoor]], [[Kingdom of Cochin]], [[British Raj|British India]]<br />(present day [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]], [[Kerala]], India)<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1988|01|26|1917|10|18}}<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Lawyer|Banker}}<br />
| known_for = Founder of [[Federal Bank]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Kulangara Paulo Hormis''' (18 October 1917 {{endash}} 26 January 1988) was an Indian banker who is the founder of [[Federal Bank Limited]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.federalbank.co.in/our-founder|title=Top Private Banks in India &#124; Federal Bank Founder &#124; Federal Bank &#124; Personal Banking|access-date=9 March 2021|archive-date=5 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305104349/https://www.federalbank.co.in/our-founder|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
He was born on 18 October 1917 at [[Mookkannoor]]; a small village in the suburbs of Greater Cochin in a traditional agrarian family. He initially started his professional journey as a Lawyer in the Munisiff Court of Perumbavoor. He took over the management of Travancore Federal Bank on 30 December 1944 and until 18 May 1945 Travancore Federal Bank Limited functioned at [[Nedumpuram]] under his chairmanship.<ref>{{Cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qeW0DAAAQBAJ&q=%27K+P+Hormis+founder+of+Federal+bank%27&pg=PA466| title=Kerala Tradition & Fascinating Destinations 2015| isbn=9788192947020| last1=Mathew| first1=Biju| date=2 September 2015| publisher=Info Kerala Communications Pvt| access-date=7 September 2021| archive-date=10 March 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310102502/https://books.google.com/books?id=qeW0DAAAQBAJ&q=%27K+P+Hormis+founder+of+Federal+bank%27&pg=PA466| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-sector-banking-financials/federal-bank-observes-69th-founder-s-day-on-18th-october-114101700353_1.html | title=Federal Bank observes 69th Founder's Day on 18th October | access-date=12 March 2018 | archive-date=12 March 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312184152/https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-sector-banking-financials/federal-bank-observes-69th-founder-s-day-on-18th-october-114101700353_1.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://profit.ndtv.com/stock/the-federal-bank-ltd_federalbnk/reports | title=Federal Bank: Reports, Company History, Directors Report, Chairman's Speech, Auditors Report of Federal Bank - NDTV | access-date=12 March 2018 | archive-date=12 March 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312144732/http://profit.ndtv.com/stock/the-federal-bank-ltd_federalbnk/reports | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/business/banking-on-the-brand.html | title=Banking on the brand | website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] | access-date=12 March 2018 | archive-date=12 March 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312144927/https://www.theweek.in/theweek/business/banking-on-the-brand.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.fbrof.com/files/downloads/8034575227.pdf | title=Birth Centenary of Late K.P. Hormis Sir | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312144146/http://www.fbrof.com/files/downloads/8034575227.pdf | archive-date=12 March 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/when-kochi-developed-these-banking-institutions-stood-as-pillars-of-support/article4526767.ece|title = When Kochi developed, these banking institutions stood as pillars of support|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 20 March 2013|last1 = Pillai|first1 = R. Ramabhadran|access-date = 12 March 2018|archive-date = 29 July 2013|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130729095801/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/when-kochi-developed-these-banking-institutions-stood-as-pillars-of-support/article4526767.ece|url-status = live}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Federal Bank Limited is a major private sector commercial bank headquartered at [[Aluva]], [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiamart.com/federal-bank-ltd/aboutus.html|title=Federal Bank LTD. Business enquiry form|access-date=12 March 2018|archive-date=12 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312144844/https://www.indiamart.com/federal-bank-ltd/aboutus.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.uniindia.com/centenary-birth-anniversary-celebration-of-federal-bank-founder-kp-hormis-launched/business-economy/news/657375.html | title=Centenary Birth Anniversary Celebration of Federal Bank Founder KP Hormis launched | access-date=12 March 2018 | archive-date=12 March 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312144745/http://www.uniindia.com/centenary-birth-anniversary-celebration-of-federal-bank-founder-kp-hormis-launched/business-economy/news/657375.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/hormis-memorial-lecture/article17446049.ece | title=Hormis memorial lecture| newspaper=The Hindu| date=11 March 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hormis, KP}}<br />
[[Category:1917 births]]<br />
[[Category:1988 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian bankers]]<br />
[[Category:Federal Bank]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaigarh_Fort&diff=450155Jaigarh Fort2026-02-14T23:24:04Z<p>Rockybhai3: Article updated with improved flow</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Historic military fortress in Rajasthan, India}}<br />
{{For|the fort in Maharashtra|Jaigad Fort}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox military installation<br />
|name = Jaigarh Fort<br>Victory Fort<br />
|partof = [[Jaipur]]<br />
|location = [[Amer, India|Amer]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]<br />
|image =[[File:Rajasthan-Jaipur-Jaigarh-Fort-compound-Apr-2004-00.JPG|300px]]<br />
|caption = Jaigarh Fort<br />
|map_type = India Jaipur##India Rajasthan<br />
|map_size = 300<br />
|map_caption = India<br />
|type = [[forts in India|Fort]]<br />
|coordinates = {{Coord|26.9859|N|75.8507|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}<br />
|code = <br />
|materials = [[Sandstone|Red Sandstone]]<br />
|height = <br />
|used = <br />
|demolished =<br />
|condition = Good<br />
|open_to_public = Yes<br />
|controlledby = Jaigarh Public Charitable Trust<br />
|garrison = <br />
|current_commander = <br />
|past_commanders = Shazada Jalal Muhammad Mirza [[Mughal Empire]]<br />
|occupants = <br />
|battles = 436<br />
|events = Death of Dara Shikoh<br />
}}<br />
'''Jaigarh Fort''' is situated on the promontory called the Cheel ka Teela (Hill of Eagles) of the [[Aravalli Range|Aravalli]] range; it overlooks the [[Amer Fort]] and the Maota Lake, near [[Amer, India|Amer]] in [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]], India.<ref name="BruynBain2010">{{cite book|author1=Pippa de Bruyn|author2=Keith Bain|author3=David Allardice|author4=Shonar Joshi|title=Frommer's India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlqM2CR4vfUC&pg=PA521|year=2010|publisher=Frommer's|isbn=978-0-470-55610-8|pages=521–522}}</ref><ref name="Ruggles2008">{{cite book|author=D. Fairchild Ruggles |author-link=D. Fairchild Ruggles |title=Islamic gardens and landscapes|url=https://archive.org/details/islamicgardensla0000rugg|url-access=registration |access-date=16 April 2011|year=2008|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-4025-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/islamicgardensla0000rugg/page/205 205]–206}}</ref><br />
<br />
Raja Kakil Dev captured the Amber region from the Mina tribes and began construction of Jaigarh fort around the middle of the eleventh century. Over the centuries, the Fort was augmented by subsequent rulers, including [[Jai Singh I|Maha Raja Jai Singh II]], who added palace apartments to the complex.<ref><br />
Vibhuti Sachdev and Giles Tillotson (2008). Jaipur City Palace. Roli Books. ISBN 9788174365699.</ref><br />
<br />
The fort, rugged and similar in structural design to the [[Amer Fort]], is also known as Victory Fort. It has a length of {{Convert|3|km}} along the north–south direction and a width of {{Convert|1|km}}. The fort features a cannon named "Jaivana" ([[Jaivana Cannon]]), which was manufactured in the fort precincts and was then the world's largest cannon on wheels. Jaigarh Fort and Amer Fort are connected by subterranean passages and considered as one complex.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
{{multiple image<br />
| align = left<br />
| image1 = Jaipur 03-2016 01 Jaigarh Fort.jpg <br />
| width1 = 200<br />
| alt1 = <br />
| caption1 = <br />
| image2 = Aravalli Hills.jpg <br />
| width2 = 200<br />
| alt2 = <br />
| caption2 = <br />
| footer = Left: Jaigarh Fort as seen from the [[Amer Fort]]. Right: View of Aravalli Hills from Jaigarh Fort<br />
}}<br />
The Jaigarh Fort, located on one of the peaks of the Aravalli range of hills is built about 400 m above the Amer Fort.<ref name="BruynBain2010"/> It provides an excellent of view of Aravalli hills and the Amer Fort down below.<br />
<br />
The fort is {{Convert|10|km}} away from Jaipur city. It stands on a short diversion from the Jaipur-Delhi Highway, which leads to the Jaivaan cannon at the Dungar Darwaza ('Darwaza' means "gate"), the same road leads to another important fort called the [[Nahargarh Fort]]. It can also be approached from the Amer Fort over a short climb along a steep hill track, arriving at the Awami Gate near the fort museum.<ref name="BruynBain2010"/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:Dara Shikoh With Mian Mir And Mulla Shah.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Dara Shikoh]] secured the high impregnable [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Cannon]] outpost of Jaigarh Fort, in the year 1658 during the Mughal war of succession.]]<br />
<br />
Amer was known in the ancient and medieval period as [[Dhundhar]] (meaning attributed to a sacrificial mount in the western frontiers). which was ruled by Meenas before 10th century AD. What is known in the present day as Jaigarh Fort, which was actually the main defensive structure rather than the palace itself. The two structures are interconnected by a series of encompassing fortifications and ruled by the [[Kachwaha]]s from the 10th century onwards. The history of Amer and Jaigarh is indelibly linked to these rulers, as they founded their empire at Amer.<ref name="KhangarotNathawat1990">{{cite book|author1=R. S. Khangarot|author2=P. S. Nathawat|title=Jaigarh, the invincible fort of Amber|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hkBuAAAAMAAJ|access-date=16 April 2011|date=1 January 1990|publisher=RBSA Publishers|isbn=978-81-85176-48-2|pages=8–9, 17}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Cannon foundry ==<br />
During the reign of the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]], Jaigarh Fort, which is located 150 miles south-west of Delhi, became one of the world's most efficient cannon foundries mainly due to the abundance of [[iron ore]] mines in the vicinity of the fort. The cannon foundry Jaigarh Fort had a massive wind tunnel that sucked air from the high mountains into its furnace creating temperatures as high as {{convert|2400|°F|°C|abbr=on}}, the heated air would melt the metal. The molten metal would fill a reservoir chamber and pass into a cannon mold in the casting pit. Most of those cannons were massive, mostly 16&nbsp;ft long and had to be prepared within a single day. The Rajput also built a large ingenious mechanical device that had a precision gear system driven by four pairs of [[oxen]], the device was used for hollowing out the cannon barrels. When the Mughal war of succession broke out in 1658 [[Dara Shikoh]] secured the cannon outpost of Jaigarh Fort until he was defeated and executed by his younger brother [[Aurangzeb]]. Later however, the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Muhammad Shah]] appointed [[Jai Singh II]] as the official Mughal quiladar of Jaigarh Fort according to a [[Firman]], ultimately Jai Singh II is known to have molded the great Jaivana Cannon by utilizing the important foundry and devices inside Jaigarh Fort.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OyyZw7_MZAM|title = - YouTube|website = [[YouTube]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Description==<br />
[[File:Rajasthan-Jaipur-Jaigarh-Fort-water-supply-Apr-2004-01.JPG|left|thumb|Jaigarh Fort water supply]]<br />
The fort is highly fortified with thick walls of red sandstone and is spread over a layout plan with a length of {{Convert|3|km}} and a width of {{Convert|1|km}}; it has an impressive square garden ({{Convert|50|m}} square) within it. Ramparts in each corner are sloping and provide access to the upper level structures. The palaces have court rooms and halls with screened windows. A central watch tower on a raised ground provides excellent vistas of the surrounding landscape. The Aram Mandir and the garden within its courtyard, on the northern side of the fort complex, has a triple arched entrance "The Awani Darwaza" which was refurbished in recent times to get fine views of the Sagar Lake (an artificial lake); water from this lake used to be transported to the fort in pouches loaded on elephant backs and also by humans carrying water pots.<ref name="Ruggles2008"/><ref name=perch>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cs.utah.edu/~noliver/india/Forts/Jaigarh-AmberFort/Jaigarh.html|title=Jaigarh Fort – Jaipur, India|access-date=14 April 2011|publisher=cs.utah.edu|archive-date=11 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311093126/http://www.cs.utah.edu/~noliver/india/Forts/Jaigarh-AmberFort/Jaigarh.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Jaivan">{{Cite web|url=http://www.jaipur.org.uk/forts-monuments/jaigarh-fort.html|title=Jaipur|publisher=Jaipur.org.uk|access-date=16 April 2011}}</ref> The triple arch gateway with fortification walls above it is painted red and yellow. It is oriented in an east–west direction and faces west. The architectural features are of Indo-Persian style with [[cyclopean]] walls built with dressed stone and plastered with lime mortar.<ref name=Arts>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ignca.nic.in/asi_reports/RJJPR_824.pdf|title= Awani Darwaza (Jaigarh Fort)|access-date=16 April 2011|publisher=Indira Gandhi national Center for The Arts}}</ref> There are two temples within the fort precincts, one is the Ram Harihar temple of the 10th century and the other one is the [[Kal Bhairav]] temple of 12th century vintage.<ref name=perch/><br />
<br />
[[File:Jaigarh Fort - Char bagh 2.jpg|thumb|[[Charbagh garden]] at Jaigarh Fort]]<br />
The water supply facilities in the fort was met by creating water harvesting structures in the vicinity in the Aravalli catchment and conveying water through a canal on the west side of the fort over a {{Convert|4|km}} distance (seen at site) to be stored in three underground tanks below the central courtyard. The largest tank had a capacity of 6 million gallons of water. There were completely false rumors, that a treasure belonging to the [[Kachwaha]] rulers of Amer had been stacked in the fort precincts (including the water tanks), that led to a totally unsuccessful search. The search had been ordered during the Emergency declared by the Indian Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] during 1975–1977. A futile search was also launched, in 1977, of all the buildings in the fort, by the Income Tax department, using metal detectors.<ref name="Ruggles2008"/><ref name=Jaivan/><br />
<ref name="Abram2003">{{cite book|author=David Abram|title=Rough guide to India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAMik_6LbwUC&pg=PA161|year=2003|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-84353-089-3|page=161}}</ref> There was also a Parliament Question on this issue where a question was posed whether a "Search for treasure carried out from 10 June 1976 till November 1976 by the Income Tax Authorities at Jaigarh Fort on the Jaipur Delhi Road was closed to ordinary traffic for one or two days so as to make way for military trucks carrying treasures to the residence of the then Prime Minister, Smt. Indira Gandhi?".<ref name="Sabha">{{cite book|author=India. Parliament. Lok Sabha|title=Lok Sabha debates|year=1977|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f1k3AAAAIAAJ|access-date=16 April 2011|publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat.|page=133}}</ref> However, the search carried out for treasures by an Army unit at Jaigarh Fort, after a three-month search had found no treasures. It was then conjectured that Sawai Jai Singh probably used the treasure to build the city of Jaipur.<ref name=Anand>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/history-and-culture/article37987.ece|title=Chequered past |author=C.N.Anand|access-date=16 April 2011|work=The Hindu|date=24 October 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
;Armoury<br />
The armoury chamber here has a wide display of swords, shields, guns, muskets and also a {{Convert|50|kg}} cannonball. Pictures on display are old photographs of Jaipur's Maharajas namely, [[Sawai Bhawani Singh]] and [[Sawai Man Singh II|Major General Man Singh II]] who served in the [[Indian Army]] as senior officers.<br />
<br />
;Museum<br />
The museum is located to the left of the Awami Gate; it has exhibits of photographs of the Royalty of Jaipur, stamps and many artefacts, which include a circular pack of cards. A spittoon of 15th century vintage and also hand drawn plan of the palaces are seen in the museum.<br />
<br />
===Jaivana cannon===<br />
{{Main|Jaivana Cannon}}<br />
[[File:Fort Jaigarh 2017-12-29zi.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Jaivana]] cannon]]<br />
Jaigarh Fort was a centre of artillery production for the [[Rajput]]s. It is now home to the [[Jaivana]] – at the time of its manufacture in 1720, it was the world's largest [[cannon]] on wheels of the [[Early Modern Era]].<ref name="BruynBain2010"/> The foundry where it was manufactured is also located here. A plaque at the entrance to the enclosure where the Jaivan Cannon is displayed gives relevant information on the history of the Cannon, its size and use. This cannon was never used in any battle as the Rajput rulers of Amer had friendly relations with the [[Mughals]]. This testifies to well-preserved features of fort.<ref name=perch/><ref name=Jaivan/> The cannon was fired only once with a charge of {{Convert|100|kg}} of gunpowder and when fired covered a distance of about {{Convert|35|km}}.<ref name="Abram2003"/><br />
<br />
The Jaivana was manufactured during the reign of Maharaja Sawai [[Jai Singh II]] (1699–1743) at a foundry in Jaigarh. The barrel is {{Convert|20.19|foot}} in length and weighs 50 tonnes. It has a diameter of {{Convert|11|inch}}. The barrel has decorations carved on it which depict trees, an elephant scroll and a pair of birds (ducks). It is mounted on wheels and has the mechanism of two back wheels mounted on roller pin bearings, to turn it 360° and fire in any direction. A tin shed was built to protect the cannon against weather. The cannon had a range of 22 miles and used {{Convert|50|kg}} balls.<br />
<br />
== Ticket ==<br />
The entry fee for Indians is ₹150 per person and the entry fee for foreigners is around ₹200 per person. Student can show their Id cards and can have some discount.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-23|title=Jaigarh Fort Jaipur - Entry Fee, Timings, Location, and more|url=https://exploremania.in/jaigarh-fort-jaipur/|access-date=2022-01-24|website=Exploremania.in|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Timings ==<br />
The gates of Jaigarh Fort open at 09:00 hours and close at 18:30 hours throughout the week. It is not advised to stay here in the evening as Jaigarh Fort is surrounded by thick deciduous forest. Nahargarh sanctuary<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/two-new-ecotourism-spots-to-open-for-tourists-in-jaipur/as64682220.cms|title=Two new ecotourism spots to open for tourists in Jaipur|last=Dey|first=Panchali|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=2019-12-11}}</ref> is a part of the forest, and therefore wild animals lurk in the dark.<br />
<br />
== In popular culture==<br />
Jaigarh Fort was the Pit Stop of the 6th leg on the American reality show ''[[The Amazing Race 14]]''.<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
<br />
[[File:Panoramic view from Jaigarh Fort.JPG|thumb|centre|860px|A panoramic view from Jaigarh Fort]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Jaigarh Fort}}<br />
* [http://www.jaigarhfort.com/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025143704/http://www.jaigarhfort.com/ |date=25 October 2020 }}<br />
<br />
{{Forts in Rajasthan}}<br />
{{Forts in India}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Government buildings completed in 1726]]<br />
[[Category:Military installations established in 1726]]<br />
[[Category:Forts in Rajasthan]]<br />
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Jaipur]]<br />
[[Category:Persian gardens in India]]<br />
[[Category:1726 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:Rajput architecture]]<br />
[[Category:Cannon foundries]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Billboard_(magazine)&diff=445515Billboard (magazine)2026-02-14T10:11:51Z<p>Rockybhai3: small edit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|American weekly music magazine}}<br />
{{Good article}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Use American English|date=November 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox magazine<br />
| title = Billboard<br />
| logo = [[File:Billboard logo.svg|220px|class=skin-invert]]<br />
| logo_size = 220px<br />
| image_file = Billboard magazine 16 November 2019 issue 125th anniversary.png<br />
| image_caption = November 16, 2019, cover featuring [[Paul McCartney]] and highlighting the magazine's 125th anniversary<br />
| founder = {{ubl|William Donaldson|James Hennegan}}<br />
| website = {{URL|billboard.com}}<br />
| publisher = [[Penske Media Corporation]]<br />
| editor = Hannah Karp<br />
| editor_title = <br />
| previous_editor = Lee Zhito, Tony Gervino, Bill Werde, Tamara Conniff<br />
| language = Arabic, English, Korean, Spanish, Portuguese<br />
| founded = {{start date and age|1894|11|1}} (as ''Billboard Advertising'')<br />
| frequency = Weekly<br />
| category = [[Entertainment industry|Entertainment]]<br />
| total_circulation = 17,000 magazines per week<br/>15.2 million unique visitors per month<ref name="primary">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/files/media/bb_2015mediakit_050115.pdf|title=Media Kit|magazine=Billboard|access-date=June 15, 2016|archive-date=August 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806222729/https://www.billboard.com/files/media/bb_2015mediakit_050115.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
| company = [[Eldridge Industries]]<br />
| firstdate = <br />
| country = United States<br />
| based = [[New York City]]<br />
| issn = 0006-2510<br />
| oclc = 732913734<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Billboard''''' (stylized in [[letter case|lowercase]] since 2013) is an American music and entertainment [[magazine]] published weekly by [[Penske Media Corporation]]. The publication group and miscellaneous media corporation provides music charts, news, video, opinion, reviews, events and styles related to the [[music industry]]. Its [[Billboard charts|music charts]] include the [[Billboard Hot 100|Hot 100]], [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]], and [[Billboard Global 200|Global 200]], which rank the most popular singles and albums across a wide range of genres based on sales, streaming, and radio airplay. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm and operates several television shows.<br />
<br />
''Billboard'' was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a [[trade publication]] for bill posters. Donaldson acquired Hennegan's interest in 1900 for $500. In the early years of the 20th century, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and [[burlesque]] shows, and also created a mail service for travelling entertainers. ''Billboard'' began focusing more on the music industry as the [[jukebox]], [[phonograph]] and [[radio]] became commonplace. Many topics that it covered became the subjects of new magazines, including ''Amusement Business'' in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment, so that ''Billboard'' could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, ''Billboard'' was inherited by his and Hennegan's children, who retained ownership until selling it to private investors in 1985. The magazine has since been owned by various parties.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
===Early history===<br />
[[File:Billboard, November 1, 1894 first issue.png|thumb|left|upright|First issue of ''Billboard'' (1894)]]<br />
The first issue of ''Billboard'' was published in [[Cincinnati]], Ohio, by William Donaldson and James Hennegan on November 1, 1894.<ref name="LampelLant"/><ref name="Broven 2009 p. 187">{{cite book |last=Broven | first=J. |title=Record Makers and Breakers: Voices of the Independent Rock 'n' Roll Pioneers |publisher=University of Illinois Press |series=Music in American life |year=2009 | isbn=978-0-252-03290-5 | url=https://archive.org/details/recordmakersbrea0000brov |url-access=registration | access-date=November 5, 2015 | page=[https://archive.org/details/recordmakersbrea0000brov/page/187 187]}}</ref> Initially it covered the advertising and [[Flyposting|bill-posting]] industry<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Gary|last=Trust|title=The First Billboard: All That Was 'New, Bright and Interesting on the Boards'|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/first-billboard-issue-november-1-1894/|magazine=Billboard|date=November 1, 2021|access-date=October 1, 2022|url-access=subscription|archive-date=November 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101232809/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/6746273/first-billboard-issue-november-1-1894|url-status=live}}</ref> and was known as '''''Billboard Advertising'''''.<ref name="Gussow. 2015">{{cite book|last=Gussow.|first=Don|title=The New Business of Journalism: An Insider's Look at the Workings of America's Business Press|date=1984|publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovich|isbn=978-0-15-165202-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newbusinessjourn0000guss/page/32 32–33]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/newbusinessjourn0000guss/page/32}}</ref><ref name="godfrey"/>{{efn|Some sources say it was called ''The Billboard Advertiser''<ref name="LampelLant"/>}} At the time, billboards, posters, and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the primary means of advertising.<ref name="godfrey"/> Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co., managed magazine production. The first issues were just eight pages long.<ref name="HighBeam Business: Arrive Prepared 1994">{{cite news | title=Hall of fame. (history's top personalities in the live entertainment and amusement industry) (One hundredth-anniversary collector's edition) |website=Amusement Business| date=November 1, 1994 | url=http://business.highbeam.com/53/article-1G1-15906377/hall-fame | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224000221/https://business.highbeam.com/53/article-1G1-15906377/hall-fame | url-status=dead | archive-date=December 24, 2015 |access-date=November 7, 2015}}</ref> The paper had columns such as The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable and Tireless Industry of the Bill Poster.<ref name="LampelLant"/> A department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896.<ref name="on Project 1943 p. 184"/> The ''Billboard Advertising'' publication was renamed '''''The Billboard''''' in 1897.<ref name="booksdirectory">{{cite book|title=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|volume=98|publisher=International Directory of Company Histories|first=Ed|last=Dinger|pages=260–265}}</ref><br />
<br />
After a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegan's interest in the business in 1900 for $500 (equal to ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US-GDP|500|1900|r=-2}}}} today) to save it from bankruptcy.<ref name="HighBeam Business: Arrive Prepared 1994"/><ref name="Hoffmann 2004 p. 212"/> On May 5, Donaldson changed the publication from a monthly to a weekly paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London, and Paris,<ref name="booksdirectory"/><ref name="Hoffmann 2004 p. 212"/> and also refocused the magazine on outdoor entertainment such as fairs, carnivals, circuses, [[vaudeville]], and burlesque shows.<ref name="LampelLant"/><ref name="booksdirectory"/> A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of outdoor events in 1901.<ref name="on Project 1943 p. 184"/> ''Billboard'' also covered topics including regulation, professionalism, economics and new shows. It had a "stage gossip" column covering the private lives of entertainers, a "tent show" section covering traveling shows and a subsection called "Freaks to Order".<ref name="LampelLant"/> Donaldson also published news articles opposing censorship, supporting productions exhibiting good taste and decrying [[yellow journalism]]."<ref name="Radel 1994"/><br />
<br />
As railroads became more developed, ''Billboard'' enabled a mail-forwarding system for traveling entertainers. The location of an entertainer was tracked in the paper's Routes Ahead column, and then ''Billboard'' would receive mail on the star's behalf and publish a notice in its Letter-Box column that it had mail for him or her.<ref name="LampelLant"/> This service was first introduced in 1904 and became one of ''Billboard''{{'}}s largest sources of profit<ref name="Radel 1994"/> and celebrity connections.<ref name="LampelLant"/> By 1914, 42,000 people were using the service.<ref name="HighBeam Business: Arrive Prepared 1994"/> It was also used as the official address of traveling entertainers for draft letters during [[World War I]].<ref name="newsweek">{{cite news|newspaper=Newsweek|date=April 4, 1949|title=New Boss for Billboard|pages=57–58}}</ref> In the 1960s, when the service was discontinued, ''Billboard'' was still processing 1,500 letters per week.<ref name="Radel 1994"/><br />
<br />
In 1920, Donaldson controversially hired black journalist [[James Albert Jackson]] to write a weekly column devoted to black performers.<ref name="LampelLant"/> According to ''The Business of Culture: Strategic Perspectives on Entertainment and Media'', the column identified discrimination against black performers and helped validate their careers.<ref name="LampelLant"/> Jackson was the first black critic at a national magazine with a predominantly white audience. According to his grandson, Donaldson also established a policy against identifying performers by their race.<ref name="Radel 1994"/> Donaldson died in 1925.<ref name="LampelLant"/><br />
<br />
===Focus on music===<br />
''Billboard''{{'}}s editorial content changed focus as technology in recording and playback developed, covering "marvels of modern technology" such as the [[phonograph]] and wireless radios.<ref name="LampelLant"/> The magazine began covering coin-operated entertainment machines in 1899 and created a dedicated section called Amusement Machines in March 1932.<ref name="Hoffmann 2004 p. 212"/> ''Billboard'' began covering the motion-picture industry in 1907<ref name="on Project 1943 p. 184"/> but, facing strong competition from ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', centered its focus on music.<ref name="Bloom 2013 p. 83">{{cite book | last=Bloom | first=K. | title=Broadway: An Encyclopedia | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2013 | isbn=978-1-135-95020-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ib2awFyFUKoC&pg=PT83 | access-date=November 6, 2015 | page=83 | archive-date=March 16, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316160535/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ib2awFyFUKoC&pg=PT83 | url-status=live }}</ref> It created a radio-broadcasting station in the 1920s.<ref name="booksdirectory"/><br />
<br />
The jukebox industry continued to grow through the [[Great Depression]] and was advertised heavily in ''Billboard'',<ref name="booksdirectory"/>{{rp|262}} which led to even more editorial focus on music.<ref name="booksdirectory"/> The proliferation of the phonograph and radio also contributed to its growing music emphasis.<ref name="booksdirectory"/> ''Billboard'' published the first [[Billboard charts|music hit parade]] on January 4, 1936<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/sixty-years-of-hits-from-sinatra-to-sinatra-1322429.html | title=Sixty years of hits, from Sinatra to ... Sinatra | first=Jonathan | last=Sale | date=January 4, 1996 | work=[[The Independent]] | access-date=January 3, 2017 | archive-date=January 3, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103170756/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/sixty-years-of-hits-from-sinatra-to-sinatra-1322429.html | url-status=live }}</ref> and introduced a Record Buying Guide in January 1939.<ref name="Hoffmann 2004 p. 212"/> In 1940, it introduced Chart Line, which tracked the best-selling records, and was followed by a chart for jukebox records in 1944 called Music Box Machine.<ref name="booksdirectory"/><ref name="Hoffmann 2004 p. 212"/> By the 1940s, ''Billboard'' was more of a music-industry specialist publication.<ref name="Gussow. 2015"/> The number of charts that it published grew after [[World War II]], as new music interests and genres became popular. It had eight charts by 1987, covering different genres and formats,<ref name="Hoffmann 2004 p. 212"/> and 28 charts by 1994.<ref name="Radel 1994"/><br />
<br />
By 1943, ''Billboard'' had about 100 employees.<ref name="on Project 1943 p. 184">{{cite book | author=Writers' Program of the Works Projects Administration in the State of Ohio | title=Cincinnati, a Guide to the Queen City and Its Neighbors | publisher=Best Books | year=1943 | isbn=978-1-62376-051-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dW-52BWC4LoC&pg=PA184 | access-date=November 7, 2015 | page=184 | archive-date=December 13, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213225718/https://books.google.com/books?id=dW-52BWC4LoC&pg=PA184 | url-status=live }}</ref> The magazine's offices moved to Brighton, Ohio in 1946, then to New York City in 1948.<ref name="Radel 1994"/> A five-column tabloid format was adopted in November 1950 and coated paper was first used in ''Billboard''{{'}}s print issues in January 1963, allowing for photojournalism.<ref name="Hoffmann 2004 p. 212"/><br />
<br />
''Billboard Publications Inc.'' acquired a monthly trade magazine for candy and cigarette machine vendors called ''Vend'', and in the 1950s it acquired an advertising trade publication called ''Tide''.<ref name="booksdirectory"/> By 1969, Billboard Publications Inc. owned 11 trade and consumer publications, [[Watson-Guptill]] Publications, a set of self-study cassette tapes and four television franchises. It also acquired ''Photo Weekly'' that year.<ref name="booksdirectory"/><br />
<br />
Over time, subjects that ''Billboard'' covered outside of the music world formed the basis of separate publications: ''Funspot'' magazine was created in 1957 to cover amusement parks and ''Amusement Business'' was created in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment. In January 1961, ''Billboard'' was renamed '''''Billboard Music Week'''''<ref name="godfrey"/><ref name="booksdirectory"/> to emphasize its newly exclusive interest in music.<ref name="Bloom 2013 p. 83"/> Two years later, it was renamed to simply ''Billboard''.<ref name="booksdirectory"/><ref name="Hoffmann 2004 p. 212"/> According to ''The New Business Journalism'', by 1984, Billboard Publications was a "prosperous" conglomerate of trade magazines, and ''Billboard'' had become the "undisputed leader" in music-industry news.<ref name="Gussow. 2015"/> In the early 1990s, ''Billboard'' introduced ''Billboard Airplay Monitors'', a publication for disc jockeys and music programmers.<ref name="godfrey"/> By the end of the 1990s, ''Billboard'' dubbed itself the "bible" of the recording industry.<ref name="godfrey">{{Cite book |title=Historical Dictionary of American Radio |first1=Donald G. |last1=Godfrey |first2=Frederic A. |last2=Leigh |year=1998 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT |isbn=978-0-313-29636-9|page=45}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Changes in ownership===<br />
''Billboard'' struggled after its founder William Donaldson died in 1925, and within three years, was once again heading towards [[bankruptcy]].<ref name="booksdirectory"/> Donaldson's son-in-law Roger Littleford took command in 1928 and "nursed the publication back to health."<ref name="booksdirectory"/><ref name="newsweek"/> His sons Bill and Roger became co-publishers in 1946<ref name="newsweek"/> and inherited the magazine in the late 1970s after Littleford's death.<ref name="booksdirectory"/> They sold it to private investors in 1985 for an estimated $40&nbsp;million.<ref name="Jackson Keller Flood 2010 p. 638"/> The investors cut costs and acquired a trade publication for the [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] theatre industry called ''Backstage''.<ref name="booksdirectory"/><br />
<br />
In 1987, ''Billboard'' was sold again to Affiliated Publications for $100&nbsp;million.<ref name="Jackson Keller Flood 2010 p. 638">{{cite book | last1=Jackson | first1=K.T. | last2=Keller | first2=L. | last3=Flood | first3=N. | title=The Encyclopedia of New York City: Second Edition | publisher=Yale University Press | year=2010 | isbn=978-0-300-18257-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lI5ERUmHf3YC&pg=PT638 | access-date=November 5, 2015 | page=638 | archive-date=March 16, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316160539/https://books.google.com/books?id=lI5ERUmHf3YC&pg=PT638 | url-status=live }}</ref> Billboard Publications Inc. became a subsidiary of Affiliated Publications called BPI Communications.<ref name="booksdirectory"/> As BPI Communications, it acquired ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'', ''[[Adweek]]'', ''[[Marketing Week]]'' and ''[[Mediaweek (American magazine)|Mediaweek]]'', and also purchased [[Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems|Broadcast Data Systems]], a high-tech firm for tracking music airtime.<ref name="booksdirectory"/> Private investors from Boston Ventures and BPI executives repurchased a two-thirds interest in Billboard Publications for $100&nbsp;million, and more acquisitions followed. In 1993, it created a division known as Billboard Music Group for music-related publications.<ref name="booksdirectory"/><br />
<br />
In 1994, Billboard Publications was sold to Dutch media conglomerate [[Verenigde Nederlandse Uitgeverijen]] (VNU) for $220&nbsp;million.<ref name="The New York Times 1994">{{cite web | title=Dutch Buyer Acquires BPI | website=The New York Times | date=January 15, 1994 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/15/business/company-news-dutch-buyer-acquires-bpi.html | access-date=October 10, 2015 | archive-date=December 23, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223193744/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/15/business/company-news-dutch-buyer-acquires-bpi.html | url-status=live }}</ref>{{efn|19 publications according to the ''Chicago Tribune''<ref name="tribunedigital-chicagotribune 1994">{{cite news | title=Dutch Firm To Purchase Billboard, Film Magazine | newspaper=Chicago Tribune | date=January 17, 1994 | url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1994/01/17/dutch-firm-to-purchase-billboard-film-magazine/ | access-date=October 10, 2015 | archive-date=December 23, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223235626/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1994-01-17/business/9401170084_1_boston-ventures-hollywood-reporter-entertainment-news-wire | url-status=live }}</ref>}} VNU acquired the [[Clio Awards]] in advertising and the National Research Group in 1997, as well as ''[[Editor & Publisher]]'' in 1999. In July 2000, it paid $650&nbsp;million to the publisher [[Miller Freeman, Inc.|Miller Freeman]]. BPI was combined with other entities in VNU in 2000 to form Bill Communications Inc. By the time CEO Gerald Hobbs retired in 2003, VNU had grown substantially larger, but had a great deal of debt from the acquisitions. An attempted $7&nbsp;billion acquisition of [[IMS Health]] in 2005 prompted protests from shareholders that halted the deal; it eventually agreed to an $11&nbsp;billion takeover bid from investors in 2006.<ref name="booksdirectory"/><br />
<br />
VNU changed its name to [[Nielsen N.V.|Nielsen]] in 2007, the namesake of a company that it had acquired for $2.5&nbsp;billion in 1999.<ref name="WSJ 1999">{{cite news | title=VNU to Buy Nielsen Media In Deal Valued at $2.5 Billion | newspaper=The Wall Street Journal | date=August 17, 1999 | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB934790785976203829 | access-date=October 10, 2015 | archive-date=December 13, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213225803/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB934790785976203829 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Deliso 2007">{{cite web | last=Deliso | first=Meredith | title=VNU Changes Name to the Nielsen Co. | website=Advertising Age | date=January 18, 2007 | url=http://adage.com/article/media/vnu-nielsen/114382/ | access-date=October 10, 2015 | archive-date=December 23, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223190633/http://adage.com/article/media/vnu-nielsen/114382/ | url-status=live }}</ref> New CEO Robert Krakoff divested some of the previously owned publications, restructured the organization and planned some acquisitions before dying suddenly in 2007. He was subsequently replaced by Greg Farrar.<ref name="booksdirectory"/><br />
<br />
Nielsen owned ''Billboard'' until 2009, when it was one of eight publications sold to e5 Global Media Holdings. e5 was formed by investment firms Pluribus Capital Management and [[Guggenheim Partners]] for the purpose of the acquisition.<ref name="Ives 2009">{{cite web | last=Ives | first=Nat | title=Adweek Group Among Titles Sold to e5 Global Media Holdings | website=Advertising Age | date=December 10, 2009 | url=http://adage.com/article/media/media-news-adweek-sold-e5-global-media-holdings/140994/ |url-access=subscription | access-date=October 11, 2015 | archive-date=December 24, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224052542/http://adage.com/article/media/media-news-adweek-sold-e5-global-media-holdings/140994/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Los Angeles Times 2009">{{cite web | title=Hollywood Reporter, Billboard sold | website=Los Angeles Times | date=December 10, 2009 | url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2009/12/hollywood-reporter-billboard-sold.html |first1= Ben |last1=Fritz | access-date=October 12, 2015 | archive-date=September 18, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918103938/https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2009/12/hollywood-reporter-billboard-sold.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The following year, the new parent company was renamed [[Prometheus Global Media]].<ref name="Folio: 2010">{{cite web | title=What's in a Name? | website=Folio | date=October 15, 2010 | url=http://www.foliomag.com/2010/whats-name/ |first1=Jason |last1=Fell | access-date=October 11, 2015 | archive-date=March 4, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052614/http://www.foliomag.com/2010/whats-name/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> Three years later, Guggenheim Partners acquired Pluribus' share of Prometheus and became the sole owner of ''Billboard''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/3ed4fe46-5f2d-11e2-9f18-00144feab49a.html |url-access=subscription |title=Former Yahoo chief moves to Guggenheim|last=Steel|first=Emily|newspaper=Financial Times|date=January 15, 2013|access-date=January 15, 2016|archive-date=March 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316160545/https://www.ft.com/content/3ed4fe46-5f2d-11e2-9f18-00144feab49a|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Numbers 2013">{{cite web | title=Yahoo Exec Tapped To Head Prometheus Global Media | website=Folio |first1=TJ |last1=Raphael | date=January 15, 2013 | url=http://www.foliomag.com/2013/yahoo-exec-tapped-head-prometheus-global-media/ | access-date=January 11, 2016 | archive-date=May 29, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529163647/http://www.foliomag.com/2013/yahoo-exec-tapped-head-prometheus-global-media/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
In December 2015, Guggenheim Digital Media spun out several media brands, including ''Billboard'', to its own executive [[Todd Boehly]].<ref name=deadline-guggensell>{{cite web|title=Guggenheim Prepares To Sell Hollywood Reporter, Dick Clark Productions To Exec|url=https://deadline.com/2015/12/guggenheim-partners-sell-hollywood-reporter-dick-clark-productions-todd-boehly-1201668970/ |first1= David |last1=Lieberman |first2=Anita |last2=Busch |website=Deadline|access-date=December 18, 2015|date=December 17, 2015|archive-date=June 20, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620201145/http://deadline.com/2015/12/guggenheim-partners-sell-hollywood-reporter-dick-clark-productions-todd-boehly-1201668970/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=thewrap-todd>{{cite web|title=Guggenheim Media Spins Off Money-Losing Hollywood Reporter, Billboard to Company President Todd Boehly (Exclusive)|url=https://www.thewrap.com/guggenheim-media-spins-off-hollywood-reporter-billboard-to-company-president-todd-boehly-exclusive/|website=The Wrap|access-date=December 18, 2015|date=December 17, 2015|archive-date=December 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220003424/http://www.thewrap.com/guggenheim-media-spins-off-hollywood-reporter-billboard-to-company-president-todd-boehly-exclusive/|url-status=live}}</ref> The assets operate under the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a unit of the holding company [[Eldridge Industries]].<ref name="bloomberg-draftkingsfund">{{cite news|title=Dodgers' Boehly Leads $100 Million DraftKings Investment|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-03-09/dodgers-boehly-said-to-lead-100-million-draftkings-investment|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=March 9, 2017 |access-date=March 10, 2017|archive-date=March 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309224456/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-03-09/dodgers-boehly-said-to-lead-100-million-draftkings-investment|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
===1990s–present===<br />
[[Timothy White (editor)|Timothy White]] was appointed editor-in-chief in 1991, a position that he held until his unexpected death in 2002. White wrote a weekly column promoting music with "artistic merit" while criticizing music with violent or misogynistic themes,<ref name="latimes 2002">{{cite news | title=Timothy White, 50; Editor Revolutionized Billboard Magazine | newspaper=Los Angeles Times | date=June 28, 2002 | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jun-28-me-white28-story.html | access-date=November 5, 2015 | archive-date=November 22, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122135442/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/jun/28/local/me-white28 | url-status=live }}</ref> and also reworked the publication's music charts.<ref name="latimes 2002"/> Rather than relying on data from music retailers, new charts used data from store checkout scanners obtained by [[Nielsen SoundScan]].<ref name="booksdirectory"/> White also wrote in-depth profiles on musicians,<ref name="Pareles 2002">{{cite web | last=Pareles | first=Jon | title=Timothy White, 50, Billboard Editor in Chief | website=The New York Times | date=July 1, 2002 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/01/arts/timothy-white-50-billboard-editor-in-chief.html | access-date=November 5, 2015 | archive-date=December 13, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213225920/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/01/arts/timothy-white-50-billboard-editor-in-chief.html | url-status=live }}</ref> but was replaced by Keith Girard, who was subsequently fired in May 2004. Girard and a female employee filed a $29&nbsp;million lawsuit alleging that ''Billboard'' fired them unfairly with an intent to damage their reputations<ref name="Jurkowitz 2004">{{cite news | last=Jurkowitz | first=Mark | title=Lawsuit is latest in list of tough hits for Billboard | newspaper=Boston Globe | date=August 12, 2004 | url=https://www.boston.com/ae/music/articles/2004/08/12/lawsuit_is_latest_in_list_of_tough_hits_for_billboard?pg=full | access-date=November 5, 2015 | archive-date=September 24, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924003805/http://www.boston.com/ae/music/articles/2004/08/12/lawsuit_is_latest_in_list_of_tough_hits_for_billboard?pg=full | url-status=live }}</ref> and that they experienced sexual harassment, a hostile work environment and a financially motivated lack of editorial integrity.<ref name="Jurkowitz 2004"/><ref name="Grinberg 2005"/> Email evidence suggested that human resources were given special instructions to watch minority employees.<ref name="Grinberg 2005">{{cite web | last=Grinberg | first=Emanuella | title=New motion details racial profiling claims against Billboard magazine | publisher=CNN | date=April 6, 2005 | url=http://www.cnn.com/2005/LAW/04/06/billboard/ | access-date=November 5, 2015 | archive-date=October 16, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016201329/http://www.cnn.com/2005/LAW/04/06/billboard/ | url-status=live }}</ref> The case was settled out of court in 2006 for an undisclosed sum.<ref name="Tsioulcas 2015">{{cite web | last=Tsioulcas | first=Anastasia | title=Why Is 'Billboard' Asking Industry Execs If They Believe Kesha? | publisher=NPR | date=August 23, 2015 | url=https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2015/08/23/433466416/why-is-billboard-asking-industry-execs-if-they-believe-kesha | access-date=November 7, 2015 | archive-date=November 7, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107142709/http://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2015/08/23/433466416/why-is-billboard-asking-industry-execs-if-they-believe-kesha | url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In the 2000s, economic decline in the music industry dramatically reduced readership and advertising from ''Billboard''{{'}}s traditional audience.<ref name="Jurkowitz 2004"/><ref name="Sisario 2014">{{cite web | last=Sisario | first=Ben | title=Leadership Change May Signal New Start for Billboard Magazine | website=The New York Times | date=January 8, 2014 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/09/business/media/leadership-change-may-signal-new-start-for-billboard-magazine.html | access-date=November 6, 2015 | archive-date=December 13, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213225916/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/09/business/media/leadership-change-may-signal-new-start-for-billboard-magazine.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Circulation declined from 40,000 in the 1990s to less than 17,000 by 2014.<ref name="Tsioulcas 2015"/> The publication's staff and ownership were also undergoing frequent changes.<ref name="Grinberg 2005" /><br />
<br />
In 2004, Tamara Conniff became the first female and youngest-ever executive editor at ''Billboard'' and led its first major redesign since the 1960s, designed by Daniel Stark and Stark Design. During Conniff's tenure, ''Billboard''{{'}}s newsstand sales jumped 10%, ad pages climbed 22% and conference registrations rose 76%.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.crainsnewyork.com/awards/tamara-conniff|publisher = Crain's New York Business|work = 40 Under 40|title = Tamara Conniff, 33|date = January 2006|last = Flamm|first = Matthew|access-date = September 28, 2018|archive-date = September 28, 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180928200736/https://www.crainsnewyork.com/awards/tamara-conniff|url-status = live}}</ref> In 2005, ''Billboard'' expanded its editorial outside the music industry into other areas of digital and mobile entertainment. In 2006, after leading ''Billboard''{{'}}s radio publication, former ABC News and CNN journalist Scott McKenzie was named editorial director across all ''Billboard'' properties.<ref>{{Cite magazine | url = https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/1359192/billboard-promotes-key-editors|title = Billboard Promotes Key Editors |magazine =Billboard|date = January 13, 2006 }}</ref> Conniff launched the ''Billboard'' Women in Music event in 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.cbsnews.com/news/reba-named-woman-of-the-year/|work = CBS News|date = September 14, 2007|title = Reba Named Woman Of The Year|agency = AP|access-date = April 17, 2020|archive-date = April 20, 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200420093450/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/reba-named-woman-of-the-year/|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url = https://www.prlog.org/11313060-top-music-exec-joins-worldmusiclink.html|website = PRLOG|title = Top Music Exec joins WorldMusicLink|date = February 18, 2011|access-date = August 14, 2020|archive-date = November 26, 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201126093030/https://www.prlog.org/11313060-top-music-exec-joins-worldmusiclink.html|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title = Billboard chooses Reba McEntire as its first 'Woman of the Year' |url = https://www.ocregister.com/2007/09/14/billboard-chooses-reba-mcentire-as-its-first-woman-of-the-year/ |date = September 14, 2007 |work = The Orange County Register |access-date = August 14, 2020 |archive-date = December 4, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201204062945/https://www.ocregister.com/2007/09/14/billboard-chooses-reba-mcentire-as-its-first-woman-of-the-year/ |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title = McEntire Named Billboard's Woman Of The Year|magazine = Billboard|date = September 17, 2007|url = https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1049244/mcentire-named-billboards-woman-of-the-year|access-date = August 14, 2020|archive-date = June 22, 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180622052816/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1049244/mcentire-named-billboards-woman-of-the-year|url-status = live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Bill Werde was named editorial director in 2008,<ref name="one"/> and was followed by [[Janice Min]] in January 2014, also responsible for editorial content at ''The Hollywood Reporter''.<ref name="one">{{cite news |last=Lewis |first=Randy |title=Billboard Shakeup puts Hollywood Reporter's Janice Min in Charge |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-billboard-hollywood-reporter-janice-min-20140109,0,2774613.story |date=January 9, 2014 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=January 13, 2014 |archive-date=January 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112181529/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-billboard-hollywood-reporter-janice-min-20140109,0,2774613.story |url-status=live }}</ref> The magazine became more of a general-interest music-news source rather than solely an industry trade, covering more celebrity and fashion news.<ref name="Tsioulcas 2015"/><ref name="Sisario 2014"/><ref name="Sisario 20142"/> Min hired Tony Gervino as editor although he did not have a background in the music industry.<ref name="Sisario 20142">{{cite web | last=Sisario | first=Ben | title=Billboard Names Tony Gervino as Editor | website=The New York Times | date=April 7, 2014 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/08/business/media/billboard-names-tony-gervino-as-editor.html | access-date=November 6, 2015 | archive-date=December 13, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213225945/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/08/business/media/billboard-names-tony-gervino-as-editor.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Gervino was appointed editor-in-chief in April 2014.<ref name="Steigrad 2014">{{cite web | last=Steigrad | first=Alexandra | title=Billboard Names Tony Gervino Editor in Chief | website=Women's Wear Daily | date=April 7, 2014 | url=http://wwd.com/globe-news/fashion-memopad/billboard-names-tony-gervino-editor-in-chief-7632887/ | access-date=November 5, 2015 | archive-date=December 5, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205074636/https://wwd.com/globe-news/fashion-memopad/billboard-names-tony-gervino-editor-in-chief-7632887/ | url-status=live }}</ref> An [[National Public Radio|NPR]] item covered a leaked version of ''Billboard''{{'}}s annual survey, which it said had more gossip and focused on less professional topics than had prior surveys. For example, the magazine polled readers on a lawsuit that singer [[Kesha]] filed against her producer, alleging sexual abuse.<ref name="Tsioulcas 2015"/><br />
<br />
Gervino was fired in May 2016. A note from Min to the editorial staff indicated that senior vice president of digital content Mike Bruno would head the editorial department.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.adweek.com/fishbowlny/billboard-tony-gervino-exit/374269|title=Billboard EIC Tony Gervino Exits on a High Note|website=Adweek |date=May 2, 2016 |access-date=August 15, 2016|archive-date=January 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109230120/https://www.adweek.com/fishbowlny/billboard-tony-gervino-exit/374269/|url-status=live}}</ref> On June 15, 2016, [[Billboard Philippines|BillboardPH]], the first ''Billboard'' chart company in Southeast Asia, mainly in the Philippines, was announced.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7407932/billboard-philippines-algorhythm-partnership|title=Billboard Partners with AlgoRhythm to Launch Billboard Philippines|magazine=Billboard|date=June 15, 2016|access-date=June 30, 2017|archive-date=June 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609155547/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7407932/billboard-philippines-algorhythm-partnership|url-status=live}}</ref> On September 12, 2016, ''Billboard'' expanded into China by launching ''[[Billboard China]]'' in partnership with Vision Music Ltd.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7503731/billboard-launching-in-china|title=Billboard Launches in China|first=Lyndsey|last=Havens|magazine=Billboard|date=September 12, 2016|access-date=August 10, 2016|archive-date=September 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914165039/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7503731/billboard-launching-in-china|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
On September 23, 2020, it was announced that [[Penske Media Corporation]] would assume operations of the MRC Media & Info publications under a joint venture with MRC known as PMRC. The joint venture includes the management of ''Billboard''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ellefson|first=Lindsey|date=September 23, 2020|title=Variety Parent Penske Media to Take Over Hollywood Reporter, Billboard in Joint Venture With MRC|url=https://www.thewrap.com/variety-parent-penske-media-to-take-over-hollywood-reporter-billboard-in-joint-venture-with-mrc/|access-date=September 23, 2020|website=TheWrap|language=en-US|archive-date=September 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924171830/https://www.thewrap.com/variety-parent-penske-media-to-take-over-hollywood-reporter-billboard-in-joint-venture-with-mrc/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
On January 13, 2024, ''Billboard'' shared the intent to expand further in Asia by announcing the launch of ''Billboard Korea''.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Peters |first1=Mitchell |title=Billboard Expands in Asia With Launch of Billboard Korea |magazine=Billboard |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/billboard-korea-launch-1235581400/ |access-date=14 May 2024 |date=13 January 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
==News publishing==<br />
''Billboard'' publishes a news website and weekly [[trade magazine]] that covers music, video and home entertainment. Most of the articles are written by staff writers, while some are written by industry experts.<ref name="Hoffmann 2004 p. 212"/> It covers news, gossip, opinion,<ref name="LampelLant"/> and music reviews, but its "most enduring and influential creation" is the [[Billboard charts|''Billboard'' charts]].<ref name="godfrey"/> The charts track music sales, radio airtime and other data about the most popular songs and albums.<ref name="godfrey"/> The [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] chart of the top-selling songs was introduced in 1958. Since then, the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]], which tracks the top-selling albums, has become more popular as an indicator of commercial success.<ref name="LampelLant">{{cite book |last=Anand |first=N. |chapter=Charting the Music Business: Magazine and the Development of the Commercial Music Field |editor1-last=Lampel |editor1-first=Joseph |editor2-last=Shamsie |editor2-first=Jamal |editor3-last=Lant |editor3-first=Theresa |title=The Business of Culture: Strategic Perspectives on Entertainment and Media |publisher=Taylor & Francis |series=Series in Organization and Management |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-135-60923-8 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1yJ5AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA140 |access-date=November 5, 2015 |page=140 |archive-date=December 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213230014/https://books.google.com/books?id=1yJ5AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA140 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Billboard'' has also published books in collaboration with [[Watson-Guptill]] and a radio and television series called American Top 40, based on Billboard charts.<ref name="Hoffmann 2004 p. 212">{{cite book | last=Hoffmann | first=Frank | title=Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2004 | isbn=978-1-135-94950-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-FOSAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA212 | access-date=November 5, 2015 | page=212 | archive-date=December 13, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213230010/https://books.google.com/books?id=-FOSAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA212 | url-status=live }}</ref> A daily ''Billboard Bulletin'' was introduced in February 1997<ref name="godfrey"/> and ''Billboard'' hosts about 20 industry events each year.<ref name="primary"/><br />
<br />
''Billboard'' is considered one of the most reputable sources of music industry news.<ref name="Radel 1994">{{cite news | last=Radel | first=Cliff | title=Entertainment & the Arts: Billboard Celebrates 100 Years Of Hits | newspaper=The Seattle Times | date=November 3, 1994 | url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/19941103/1939453/billboard-celebrates-100-years-of-hits | access-date=November 6, 2015 | archive-date=December 23, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223190632/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19941103&slug=1939453 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Sisario 2014"/> The website includes the Billboard Charts, news separated by music genre, videos and a separate website. It also compiles lists, hosts a fashion website called Pret-a-Reporter and publishes eight different newsletters. The print magazine's regular sections include:<ref name="primary"/><br />
* Hot 100: A chart of the top 100 most popular songs of the week<br />
* Topline: News from the week<br />
* The Beat: Hitmaker interviews, gossip and trends in the music industry<br />
* Style: Fashion and accessories<br />
* Features: In-depth interviews, profiles and photography<br />
* Reviews: Reviews of new albums and songs<br />
* Backstage pass: information about events and concerts<br />
* Charts and CODA: More information about current and historical Billboard Charts<br />
<br />
== Listicles ==<br />
''Billboard'' is known for publishing several annual [[listicle]]s on its website, in recognition of the most influential executives, artists and companies in the music industry, such as the following:<br />
* 21 Under 21<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/photos/7980786/21-under-21-shawn-mendes-lorde-khalid-camila|title=21 Under 21 2017: Music's Next Generation|magazine=Billboard|access-date=December 30, 2017|archive-date=February 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209004318/https://www.billboard.com/photos/7980786/21-under-21-shawn-mendes-lorde-khalid-camila|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* 40 Under 40<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7548901/40-under-40-music-industry-power-players-2016-full-list|title=40 Under 40: Music's Top Young Power Players Revealed|magazine=Billboard|access-date=December 30, 2017|archive-date=December 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205020230/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7548901/40-under-40-music-industry-power-players-2016-full-list|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
*[[Billboard Women in Music|Women in Music]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=December 12, 2019|title=Revealed: Billboard's 2019 Women In Music Top Executives|work=Billboard Magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8545832/billboard-women-in-music-2019-list-most-powerful-executives|access-date=May 18, 2020|archive-date=June 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627104836/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8545832/billboard-women-in-music-2019-list-most-powerful-executives|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* ''Billboard'' Dance 100<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/dance/8213443/billboard-dance-100-artist-ranking-2018-announcement|title=Billboard Launches Inaugural 'Billboard Dance 100' Ranking of Top Dance Music Artists|magazine=Billboard|access-date=December 8, 2018|archive-date=March 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316160552/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/billboard-dance-100-artist-ranking-2018-announcement-8213443/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* ''Billboard'' Power 100<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7684897/billboard-2017-power-100-list|title=Billboard's 2017 Power 100 List Revealed|magazine=Billboard|access-date=December 30, 2017|archive-date=January 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109080631/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7684897/billboard-2017-power-100-list|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* Dance Power Players<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/dance/8257599/dance-power-players-list-2018t|title=Billboard Dance Power Players 2018: The Managers, Live Leaders & Tastemakers Shaping the Genre|magazine=Billboard|access-date=December 8, 2018}}{{Dead link|date=May 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
* Digital Power Players<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7942213/digital-executives-power-list-2017-music-industry|title=Revealed: Billboard's 2017 Digital Power Players, Guiding the Future in Music and Tech|magazine=Billboard|access-date=December 30, 2017|archive-date=December 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213230110/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7942213/digital-executives-power-list-2017-music-industry|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* Hip-Hop Power Players<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/hip-hop-power-players-2017-heat-seekers-7964813/|title=Hip-Hop Power Players 2017: The Heat Seekers|magazine=Billboard|access-date=December 31, 2017|archive-date=October 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016201409/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/7964813/hip-hop-power-players-2017-heat-seekers|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* Indie Power Players<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7898108/2017-indie-music-business-executives-power-list-independents|title=Revealed: Billboard's 2017 Indie Power Players, Led by Big Machine's Scott Borchetta|magazine=Billboard|access-date=December 31, 2017|archive-date=November 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120041615/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7898108/2017-indie-music-business-executives-power-list-independents|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* Latin Power Players<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/latin-music-power-players-2017-list/|title=Latin Power Players 2017 List Revealed|magazine=Billboard|access-date=December 31, 2017|archive-date=December 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205050843/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/8022282/latin-music-power-players-2017-list|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* Top 50 Money Makers<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/photos/billboards-top-50-money-makers-of-7865874/47-47-selena-gomez/|title=Billboard's Top 50 Money Makers of 2016|magazine=Billboard|date=July 13, 2017|access-date=December 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226195502/https://www.billboard.com/photos/billboards-top-50-money-makers-of-7865874/47-47-selena-gomez/|archive-date=December 26, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Award shows ==<br />
Since 1990 ''Billboard'' established the [[Billboard Music Awards|''Billboard'' Music Awards]], an awards ceremony honors top album, artist and single in a number of different [[music genres]] which achieved the highest results during the year form sales, streaming, radio airplay, touring, and social engagement. The data are taken from ''Billboard'' and its data partners, including [[MRC Data]] and [[Next Big Sound]]. Through the years, ''Billboard'' has established several other awards to honor different music genres, live performances, and artists.<br />
<br />
Since that Billboard established several awards ceremonies and honors:<br />
<br />
* [[Billboard Latin Music Awards|''Billboard'' Latin Music Awards]] (1994–present)<br />
* [[Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Awards|''Billboard'' R&B/Hip-Hop Awards]] (2004)<br />
* [[Billboard Digital Entertainment Awards|''Billboard'' Digital Entertainment Awards]] (2004)<br />
* [[Billboard Live Music Awards|''Billboard'' Live Music Awards]] (2004–2019, 2024–present)<br />
* [[Billboard Women in Music|''Billboard'' Women in Music]] (2007–present)<br />
* [[Billboard Japan Music Awards|''Billboard'' Japan Music Awards]] (2009–2020)<br />
* ''Billboard'' Mid-Year Awards (2011-2015) are a fan-voted poll conducted by the publication to recognize the most popular artists and music based on fan votes, reflecting fan preferences during the first half of the year.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Lipshutz|first=Jason|title=Britney Spears, Lady Gaga Rule Billboard.com's 2011 Mid-Year Music Awards|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/britney-spears-lady-gaga-rule-billboardcoms-2011-mid-year-music-awards-469332/|access-date=September 15, 2025|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=July 7, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212195904/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/britney-spears-lady-gaga-rule-billboardcoms-2011-mid-year-music-awards-469332/|archive-date=December 12, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
== International editions ==<br />
=== Active ===<br />
* ''Billboard Arabia'' (2023–present)<br />
* ''[[Billboard Argentina]]'' (2013–present)<br />
* ''[[Billboard Brasil]]'' (2009–2019, 2023–present)<br />
* ''Billboard Canada'' (2023–present)<br />
* ''[[Billboard China]]'' (2016–2019, 2022–present)<br />
* ''Billboard Colombia'' (2024–present)<br />
* ''Billboard France'' (2025–present)<br />
* ''Billboard Georgia'' (2022–present)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-02 |title=ბილბორდი {{ndash}} საქართველო {{ndash}} საქართველოში მუსიკალურ ჩარტებსა და სიახლეებს შემოიტანს |trans-title=Billboard {{ndash}} Georgia {{ndash}} brings music charts and news to Georgia |url=https://www.interpressnews.ge/ka/article/717737-bilbordi-sakartvelo-billboard-georgia-sakartveloshi-musikalur-chartebsa-da-siaxleebs-shemoitans/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=[[Mass media in Georgia (country)#Telecommunications|Interpressnews]] |language=ka}}</ref><br />
* ''Billboard Italia'' (2019–present)<br />
* ''[[Billboard Japan]]'' (2008–present)<br />
* ''Billboard Korea'' (2024–present)<br />
* ''Billboard Peru'' (2023–present)<br />
* ''[[Billboard Philippines]]'' (2016–2018, 2023–present)<br />
<br />
=== Inactive/defunct ===<br />
* ''[[Billboard Greece]]'' (launched 2011; defunct)<br />
* ''[[Billboard Indonesia]]'' (launch 2018; defunct)<br />
* ''Billboard Thailand'' (launched 2016; defunct)<br />
* ''[[Billboard Türkiye]]'' (2006–2010)<br />
* ''[[Billboard Vietnam|Billboard Việt Nam]]'' (2017–2023)<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
{{Portal|Business|Pop music|Rock music|United States}}<br />
*List of ''[[Billboard charts]]''<br />
*''[[Billboard Candid Covers]]''<br />
*''[[Billboard K-Town]]''<br />
*[[Billboard Live Music Awards|''Billboard'' Live Music Awards]]<br />
*''[[Billboard Mashup Mondays]]''<br />
*<br />
*[[Billboard Women in Music|''Billboard'' Women in Music]]<br />
*[[Heatseekers charts]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Billboard (magazine)}}<br />
* {{Official website}}<br />
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=VxMEAAAAMBAJ ''Billboard'' Archive] on Google Books<br />
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=pBQEAAAAMBAJ 1940–2010] archived online by [[Google Books]]<br />
* [https://www.billboard.com/archive Charts since 1958, articles since 2001, reviews 2008–2016]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111207163132/http://www.billboard.com/archive |date=December 7, 2011 }}. archived online by Billboard.<br />
<br />
{{Music industry}}<br />
{{Billboard}}<br />
{{USNumber1s}}<br />
{{USTop10s}}<br />
{{Top Hot 100 Hits}}<br />
{{Billboard Music Awards}}<br />
{{Penske Media Corporation}}<br />
[[Category:GLAAD Media Awards winners]]<br />
[[Category:Billboard (magazine)| ]]<br />
[[Category:1894 establishments in Ohio]]<br />
[[Category:Magazines about the media]]<br />
[[Category:Magazines established in 1894]]<br />
[[Category:Magazines published in Cincinnati]]<br />
[[Category:Magazines published in New York City]]<br />
[[Category:Music magazines published in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Professional and trade magazines published in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:VNU Business Media publications]]<br />
[[Category:Weekly magazines published in the United States]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=1984_Maharashtra_riots&diff=4819501984 Maharashtra riots2026-02-06T07:15:13Z<p>Rockybhai3: new!</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Violence against Muslims in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}<br />
{{Distinguish|1984 anti-Sikh riots}}<br />
{{Infobox civilian attack<br />
| title = 1984 Maharashtra riots<br />
| location = [[Maharashtra]], India<br />
| date = May 1984<br />
| target = [[Muslims]]<br />
| fatalities = 278<br />
| injuries = 1,118<br />
| perpetrator = [[Shiv Sena]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
In May 1984, a month long series of [[Violence against Muslims in India|religious violence against Muslims]] occurred in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The violence primarily occurred around [[Bhiwandi]] town. It left 146 people dead and over 600 injured.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RGyO0E86X1oC&pg=PA87|title=Indian Democracy Derailed Politics and Politicians|first=Srikanta|last=Ghosh|date=22 September 1997|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=9788170248668}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bhiwandi riots: Four held from Malegaon|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/bhiwandi-riots-four-held-from-malegaon/8858/ |work=[[The Indian Express]]|date= 20 July 2006 }}</ref> On 17 May 1984, riots broke out in industrial belt from [[Bombay]], [[Thane]], and [[Bhiwandi]]. Overall, 278 were killed and 1,118 were left wounded.<ref>{{harvnb|Hansen|2001|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=-y3iNt0djbQC&pg=PA77 77]|Ref=bhi84}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Communal Riots in Post-independence India|author=Asgharali Engineer |authorlink= Asgharali Engineer|publisher= Universities Press|year= 1991|isbn=8173701024 |page=330 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yB5NM0o3I9QC&pg=PA330}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-y3iNt0djbQC|last=Hansen|first=Thomas Blom|title=Wages of Violence: Naming and Identity in Postcolonial Bombay|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-08840-2|year=2001|ref=bhi84}}</ref> The increasingly harsh [[Islamophobia|anti-Muslim rhetoric]] and radical tactics of the [[Shiv Sena]], a [[Hindutva]] political party, directly caused the riots. In April 1984, at Chowpatty Beach in Bombay, [[Bal Thackeray]] delivered an anti-Muslim speech in which he repeatedly employed the offensive term ''landya'' and called Muslims "a cancer."<ref name=":0" />{{blockquote|Its only cure is operation.... Oh, Hindus, take weapons in your hands and remove this cancer from its very roots.|author=[[Bal Thackeray]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Hansen |first=Thomas Blom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bf5ZDwAAQBAJ&dq=1984+Bhiwandi+anti+Muslim&pg=PA76 |title=Wages of Violence: Naming and Identity in Postcolonial Bombay |date=2018-06-05 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-18862-1 |language=en}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/23/world/a-horror-story-in-india-survivors-tell-of-attack.html A HORROR STORY IN INDIA: SURVIVORS TELL OF ATTACK]<br />
<br />
{{Riots in India}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhiwandi riots, 1984}}<br />
[[Category:1980s in Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Bhiwandi|Riots, 1984]]<br />
[[Category:Religious riots in India]]<br />
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Mass murders in Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:May 1984 in India]]<br />
[[Category:1984 riots]]<br />
[[Category:1984 murders in India]]<br />
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Thane]]<br />
[[Category:1984 mass murders]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century mass murders in India]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-hist-stub}}</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Secret_of_the_Shiledars&diff=540688The Secret of the Shiledars2026-02-05T22:29:08Z<p>Rockybhai3: Made A Entry Basic Info</p>
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<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| image = The Secret of the Shiledars.jpg<br />
| caption = Promotional release poster<br />
| genre = {{ubl|[[Mystery fiction|Mystery]]|[[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]}}<br />
| based_on = {{Based on|''Pratipaschandra''|Prakāśa Suryakānta Koyāḍe}}<br />
| screenplay = <br />
| director = [[Aditya Sarpotdar]]<br />
| starring = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Rajeev Khandelwal]]<br />
* [[Sai Tamhankar]]<br />
}}<br />
| music = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| num_seasons = <!-- or num_series --><br />
| num_episodes = 6 <!--as of 31 January 2025. Do not uncomment the preceding text. This field is for a number only and the date should not be shown!--><br />
| producer = Nitin Vaidya<br />
| cinematography = <br />
| editor = <br />
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br />
| runtime = 30–42 minutes<br />
| company = Dashami Creations<br />
| network = [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]]<br />
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2025|01|31}}<br />
| last_aired = <!-- Do not add "present" until an official announcement that the series will be renew. --><br />
| related = <br />
}}<br />
'''''The Secret of the Shiledars''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Mystery fiction|mystery]] [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] television series directed by [[Aditya Sarpotdar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Aditya Sarpotdar web series The Secret of the Shiledars is a leaf from history set in modern times |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/aditya-sarpotdar-web-series-the-secret-of-the-shiledars-is-a-leaf-from-history-set-in-modern-times/ |website=The Tribune |date=31 January 2025}}</ref> Produced by Nitin Vaidya under Dashami Creations, it stars [[Rajeev Khandelwal]] and [[Sai Tamhankar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=OTT Thriller Series: ఓటీటీలోకి ముంజ్య డైరెక్టర్ నయా థ్రిల్లర్ సిరీస్.. డేట్ ఇదే.. రహస్య నిధి చుట్టూ.. |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/ott-thriller-web-series-the-secret-of-the-shiledars-release-date-to-streaming-on-disney-plus-hotstar-121736930444112.html |website=Hindustantimes Telugu |language=te |date=15 January 2025}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The series premiered on 31 January 2025 on [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]].<ref>{{cite web |title='The Storyteller' to 'The Recruit' Season 2: New films and shows streaming on OTT this week |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-storyteller-the-recruit-s2-and-other-new-films-and-series-streaming-online-photogallery/cid/2080134 |website=Telegraph India |date=28 January 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
* [[Rajeev Khandelwal]]<br />
* [[Sai Tamhankar]]<br />
* Gaurav Amlani<br />
* [[Ashish Vidyarthi]]<br />
* [[Dilip Prabhavalkar]]<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
The series was announced on [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=All We Imagine As Light, Gunaah Season 2, Blink: Disney+ Hotstar's January slate |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/all-we-imagine-as-light-gunaah-season-2-blink-top-disney-hotstars-january-slate/cid/2074734 |website=Telegraph India |date=1 January 2025}}</ref> It is based on Prakāśa Suryakānta Koyāḍe's ''Pratipaschandra''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Secrets Of The Shiledars Is A Map To Nowhere |url=https://www.ottplay.com/features/the-secrets-of-the-shiledars-is-a-map-to-nowhere/7413189571836 |website=OTTPlay |date=1 February 2025}}</ref> [[Rajeev Khandelwal]], [[Sai Tamhankar]], Gaurav Amlani and [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] were cast to appear in the series.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ten OTT offerings that'll keep you hooked in 2025 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/ten-ott-offerings-thatll-keep-you-hooked-in-2025-2657778-2024-12-31 |website=India Today |date=1 January 2025}}</ref> The filming took place in [[Badami cave temples|Badami Caves]] and [[Raigad Fort]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Secret Of The Shiledars Shooting Locations |url=https://india-itinerary.com/2025/01/30/the-secret-of-the-shiledars-shooting-locations/ |website=India-Itinerary |language=en |date=30 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Adventure was always my dream': 'Munjya' director Aditya Sarpotdar on his web series 'The Secret of the Shiledars,' expanding universes, David Lynch, and more |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/aditya-sarpotdar-web-series-the-secret-of-the-shiledars-thama-david-lynch-9809155/ |website=The Indian Express |date=31 January 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
The teaser was released on 27 December 2024<ref>{{cite web |title=The Secret Of The Shiledars teaser: Rajeev Khandelwal plays protector of Shivaji's treasure |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/munjya-directors-the-secret-of-the-shiledars-teaser-promises-a-thrilling-saga-of-honour-and-legacy/cid/2073739 |website=Telegraph India |date=27 December 2024}}</ref> and the trailer was released on 20 January 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Secret Of The Shiledars trailer: Rajeev Khandelwal leads a desi Indiana Jones-style series. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/the-secret-of-the-shiledars-trailer-rajeev-khandelwal-leads-a-desi-indiana-jones-style-series-watch-101737376353286.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=20 January 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
The series was made available to stream on [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]] on 31 January 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Must watch on OTT: Secret of the Shiledars all set to premiere on Disney+ Hotstar |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/must-watch-on-ott-secret-of-the-shiledars-all-set-to-premiere-on-disney-hotstar-1854443 |website=Deccan Chronicle |date=16 January 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
A critic from ''[[Eenadu]]'' and ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' reviewed the series.<ref>{{cite web |title=the secret of the shiledars review: రివ్యూ: ది సీక్రెట్ ఆఫ్ ది శిలేదార్స్.. ఛత్రపతి శివాజీ సింహాసనం కోసం అన్వేషణ |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/the-secrets-of-the-shiledars-review-in-telugu/0203/125034896 |website=Eenadu |language=te |date=24 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Web Series Review: ఛత్రపతి శివాజీ బంగారు నిధి కోసం వేట |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/the-secrets-of-the-shiledars-web-series-review-and-story-explained-in-telugu-munjya-director-jiohotstar-121740037380718.html |website=Hindustantimes Telugu |language=te |date=20 February 2025}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|33083754}}<br />
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/the-secret-of-the-shiledars/1271381394 ''The Secret of the Shiledars''] on [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]]<br />
<br />
{{Portal bar|India|Television}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Secret of the Shiledars, The}}<br />
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[[Category:2025 Indian television series debuts]]<br />
[[Category:2025 Indian television series endings]]<br />
[[Category:2020s mystery television series]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]<br />
[[Category:Indian mystery television series]]<br />
[[Category:Indian thriller television series]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Birla_family&diff=451421Birla family2026-02-05T04:13:34Z<p>Rockybhai3: Refined content and updated sections</p>
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<div>{{short description| Indian business family and Philanthropic arm}}<br />
{{redirect|Birlas}}<br />
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{{Infobox family<br />
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|image1= GDBIRLAUCOBANK.jpg<br />
|width1=94<br />
|caption1='''G. D. Birla'''<br />
|image2=Basant Kumar Birla - Kolkata 2009-05-02 0066.jpg<br />
|width2=94<br />
|caption2='''Basant Kumar Birla'''<br />
|image3=Kumar Mangalam Birla.jpg<br />
|width3=96<br />
|caption3='''Kumar Mangalam Birla'''<br />
}}<br />
|origin=[[Pilani]], [[Jhunjhunu]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]<br />
|region=Operating out of [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]] and [[Kolkata]], [[India]]<br />
|early_forms=<br />
|members={{ublist|[[Baldeo Das Birla]]|[[Jugal Kishore Birla]]|[[Rameshwar Das Birla]]|[[Ghanshyam Das Birla]]|[[Madhav Prasad Birla]]|[[Krishna Kumar Birla]]|[[Basant Kumar Birla]]|[[Ganga Prasad Birla]]|[[Aditya Vikram Birla]]|[[CK Birla|Chandra Kant Birla]]|[[Kumar Mangalam Birla]]}}<br />
|otherfamilies=<br />
|distinctions=<br />
|heirlooms=<br />
|estate=<br />
|meaning=<br />
|footnotes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Birla family''' is an Indian business family connected with the industrial and social history of India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adityabirla.com |title=Aditya Birla Group &#124; Home |access-date=2011-11-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129203833/http://www.adityabirla.com/ |archive-date=2011-11-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ckbirlagroup.com|title=CK Birla Group – Birla Companies – Family – US$1.6 billion diversified conglomerate that has a history of enduring relationships with renowned global companies.|website=ckbirlagroup.com|access-date=9 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/yash-birla-s-business-comes-under-stress-114021701657_1.html|title=Yash Birla's business comes under stress|first=Dev Chatterjee & Sharleen|last=D'Souza|newspaper=Business Standard India |date=17 February 2014|access-date=9 July 2017|via=Business Standard}}</ref><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
The Birla family's origins trace to the [[Maheshwari]] community of [[Bania (caste)|Bania]] [[Vaishya]] traders. The family was outcast in 1922 when [[Rameshwar Das Birla]] remarried a Kolvar woman.<ref>{{cite book |title=Ashes of Immortality: Widow-Burning in India |first=Catherine |last=Weinberger-Thomas |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-22688-568-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/ashesofimmortali0000wein/page/177 177] |url=https://archive.org/details/ashesofimmortali0000wein |url-access=registration |edition=Translated |orig-year=1996}}</ref> They are [[Marwari people|Marwari]] since by convention, merchants from [[Rajasthan]] are termed Marwari. The family originates from the town of [[Pilani]] in the [[Shekhawati]] region of North-east Rajasthan. They still maintain their ancestral residence termed Birla Haweli in Pilani<ref>{{Cite web |last=Standard |first=Business |title=House of history |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/house-of-history-116022601104_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130132645/https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/house-of-history-116022601104_1.html |archive-date=2024-11-30 |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en-US}}</ref> and run several educational institutions there, including the [[BITS Pilani|BITS, Pilani]].<br />
<br />
=== Shiv Narayan Birla ===<br />
<br />
In Pilani, during the early 19th century lived Seth Shobharam, grandson of Seth Bhudharmal, a local tradesman of modest means.<ref>Maheshwari Jati Ka Itihas, Maheshwari History Office, Bhanpura, Birla, June 1940, p. 183–190</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pDlj7rwlDK0C&q=birla+daughters&pg=PT684|title=Brushes With History|first=Krishna Kumar|last=Birla|date=17 April 2009|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=9788184758511|access-date=9 July 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref> It was his son, Seth Shiv Narayana (1840–1909), who first ventured outside Pilani. At this time, Ahmedabad was the railhead that served trade from a large region of northwest India. Goods (mainly cotton) would be brought from the hinterland to the city and sent from there by train to Bombay for export to England and other countries. Several cotton -inning units were also set up in Ahmedabad, to clean the cotton before shipment to England. Shiv Narayana Birla was one of the early Indian traders to participate in this cotton trade. Later, Britain vigorously fostered the trade of opium with China and developed the cultivation of poppy in India. The [[Ratlam]]-[[Mandsaur]] region (not far from Ahmedabad) became prime poppy cropland due to the suitable soil and climate. Shiv Narayan Birla and his adopted son, Baldeo Das Birla, made an enormous fortune by trading opium with China, and this formed the basis of the family's fortune.<ref name="auto"/> With growing wealth and increasing confidence, Shiv Narayana Birla moved up the value chain and began chartering cargo ships in partnership with other Marwadi tradesmen to trade opium with China, thus by-passing British middlemen. To facilitate this, he moved to Bombay in 1863.<br />
<br />
=== Baldeo Das Birla ===<br />
<br />
Shiv Narayan Birla had one overwhelming sorrow in his life: he had no children. By the early 1880s, Shiv Narayan (Narain) had passed on the baton of his business interests to his adopted son, Baldeo Das Birla, established Shivnarayan Baldeodas, a trading house based in Bombay. His son, Baldeo Das Birla moved to Calcutta set up Baldeodas Jugalkishor in 1887.<br />
Baldeo Das was succeeded by four sons&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qhe3-G5aBkg |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/Qhe3-G5aBkg| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|title=The story of the Birla empire by Talveen Singh- Part I|publisher=Aditya Birla Group|date=31 May 2011|access-date=9 July 2017|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>– Jugal Kishore, Rameshwar Das, [[G. D. Birla|Ghanshyam Das]] and Braj Mohan.<ref>[http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Strategy3/BSTA034.htm The Birla Family Crisis - Case Studies, Case Study in Business, Management|Case Studies<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714221045/http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Strategy3/BSTA034.htm |date=July 14, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20120305-battle-for-mp-birla-fortune-icai-indicts-lodhas-757506-2012-02-25|title=Battle for Billions: Birlas vs Lodhas|date=25 February 2012 |access-date=9 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/What-keeps-the-Marwaris-thriving/articleshow/35380786.cms|title=What keeps the Marwaris thriving? - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=9 July 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
Baldeo Das was awarded the Raibahadur title in 1917. In 1920 he retired from business and started living in Banaras pursuing religious studies. In 1925 he was awarded the title of "Raja" by the government of Bihar and Orissa.<ref>Industrial Entrepreneurship of Shekhawati Marwaris, [[D. K. Taknet]], Kumar Prakashan, Jaipur, 1987, p. 41</ref> He was awarded [[Doctor of Letters|D.Litt.]] by Banaras Hindu University.<br />
<br />
=== Ghanshyamdas Birla ===<br />
<br />
Ghanshyamdas Birla laid the foundation of his industrial empire by establishing GM Birla Company, trading in [[jute]], in 1911. The [[World War I|First World War]] began in 1914 greatly increasing the demand for [[Gunny sack|gunny bags]]. During the war, the Birla's worth is estimated to have risen from {{INRConvert|2|m|year=1914|lk=r}} to {{INRConvert|8|m|year=1919|lk=r}}.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xcbBEHHI-90C|title=India's Industrialists|first1=Margaret|last1=Herdeck|first2=Gita|last2=Piramal|date=9 July 1985|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|isbn=9780894104152|access-date=9 July 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref> In 1919, he became among the first group of Indian entrepreneurs to become owner of a jute mill named [[Birla Corporation|Birla Jute]].<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/corporate-dossier/family-spirit-and-frugality-help-the-birlas-keep-pace-with-changing-times/articleshow/41702203.cms?intenttarget=no|title='Family' spirit and frugality help the Birlas keep pace with changing times|date=6 September 2014|access-date=9 July 2017|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> In the next few years he acquired several cotton mills. He later started several sugar mills. The publication [[Hindustan Times]] was co-founded by GD Birla in 1924 and fully acquired by him in 1933. [[Hindustan Motors]] was started in 1942. After India's independence in 1947 he started [[Grasim]] (Gwalior Rayon Silk Manufacturing, 1948) and [[Hindalco]] (Hindustan Alum Company 1958) among others. He also generously led the grant on the request of [[Vallabhbhai Patel]] to lay the foundation of [[Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya]] in [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]], [[Gujarat]].<br />
<br />
Baldeo Das, as well as his sons, were among the key supporters of the [[Swaraj]] movement led by Mahatma Gandhi, in addition to being dedicated Hindu activists. They were active supporters of the [[Banaras Hindu University]] founded by Pt. [[Madan Mohan Malaviya]] and were also financial supporters of activities initiated by Mahatma Gandhi.<ref>Business Legends, Gita Piramal, Penguin UK, Dec 1, 2010</ref> The landmark [[Laxminarayan Temple]] in Delhi was built by Jugal Kishore Birla and was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi and as asked by Mahatma, all Hindus, including [[Dalit|Harijans]] were welcomed in this temple.<br />
<br />
In the few decades before India's independence, Indian merchants, including the Birlas, made successful attempts to enter and acquire industries in India which were once dominated by [[Scottish people|Scots]] from Britain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1943/01/02/archives/british-investors-see-peril-in-india-managing-agents-fear-loss-of.html|title=British Investors See Peril in India – Managing Agents Fear Loss of Immense Profits on Half of Country's Industries – Natives Seek Business – Huge Sterling Credits Already Available to Buy Out the Foreign Companies|first=Herbert L.|last=Matthews|date=2 January 1943|page=5| work=New York Times|access-date=9 July 2017}}</ref> This became a part of Mahatma Gandhi's [[Swadeshi movement|Swadeshi]] movement.<br />
<br />
The Birlas remained close to some of the leaders of India, like [[Vallabhbhai Patel|Sardar Patel]] after India's independence.<ref>Debajyoti Burman, Mystery of Birla House, Jugabani Hahitya Chakara, 3rd reprint 1951, P. 111</ref> When [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] became the chief minister of Kerala (1957–59), as a result of the first elected Marxist government anywhere, the Birlas were invited to establish a pulp factory there.<ref>Phrases And Facts: About Kerala, Partha Choudhuri, Liberation, Vol. II, No. 3 (January 1969).</ref><br />
<br />
In the recent past, the Birlas, as well as several other Indian industrialists, have expanded overseas.<ref>{{cite web|last=Piramal|first=Gita|url=http://www.india-seminar.com/1999/482/482%20piramal.htm|title= A crisis of leadership|date=October 1999|work=Family Business, a symposium on the role of the family in Indian business|access-date=9 July 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Family Tree ==<br />
<br />
A simplified family tree is given below. It does not include daughters<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rahman |first=Shafi |date=2012-02-25 |title=Battle for Billions: Birlas vs Lodhas |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20120305-battle-for-mp-birla-fortune-icai-indicts-lodhas-757506-2012-02-25 |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> or children who are young (or who died young). Lakshmi Nivas Birla was technically adopted by his uncle Jugal Kishor Birla. As has been noted in the press, some of the branches have been more successful than others.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aiyar |first=Shankkar |date=2004-08-02 |title=Birlas heave sigh of relief, but are in battle gear |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20040802-gd-brilas-will-donate-wealth-outsider-rs-lodha-shocking-family-members-birla-house-789610-2004-08-01 |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The GD–Basant Kumar Birla branch has performed the best, with a group turnover of ₹29,000 Crore in 2004. At the other end is Yashovardhan Birla, who has struggled.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-06-19 |title=Yashovardhan Birla named 'wilful defaulter' by UCO Bank |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/yash-birla-named-wilful-defaulter-by-uco-bank/articleshow/69817782.cms |access-date=2025-11-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{chart top|width=100%}}<br />
{{tree chart/start|align=center}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | SNB |SNB=[[Shiv Narain Birla]]}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | |!|}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | BDB |BDB=[[Baldeo Das Birla]]}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.|}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | JK | | RD | | | | | | | | GD | | | | | | | | | | | | | BM |JK=[[Jugal Kishore Birla]]|RD=[[Rameshwar Das Birla]]|GD=[[G. D. Birla|Ghanshyam Das Birla]]|BM=[[Brij Mohan Birla]]}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | |!|}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | | | Gj | | MP | | LN | | KK | | BK |y| SB| | | | | GP |Gj=Gajanan|MP=[[Madhav Prasad Birla]]<br>''([[M.P Birla Group]])''|LN=[[Lakshmi Niwas Birla]]|KK=[[K. K. Birla|Krishna Kumar Birla]]|BK=[[Basant Kumar Birla]]|SB=[[Sarala Birla]]|GP=[[Ganga Prasad Birla]]}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | |!|}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | | | Ak | | | <br />
| | | Sd | | Sh | | | AV |y| Rs | | | | CK |Ak=Ashok|Sd=[[Sudarshan Kumar Birla]]<br>''([[S. K. Birla group]])''|Sh=[[Shobhana Bhartia]]<br>''([[Hindustan Times]])''|AV=[[Aditya Vikram Birla]]<br>''([[Aditya Birla Group]])''|Rs=[[Rajashree Birla]]|CK=[[C. K. Birla|Chandra Kant Birla]]<br>''([[CKA Birla Group]])''}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |!|}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | | | Yo | | | | | | Sh | | | | | | | | | KM |Yo=Yashovardhan<br>''([[Yash Birla Group]])''|Sh=Sidharth|KM=[[Kumar Mangalam Birla]]}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.|}}<br />
{{tree chart| | | | | VB | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ar | | An |VB=Vedant|Ar=Aryaman|An=[[Ananya Birla]]}}<br />
{{tree chart/end}}<br />
{{chart bottom}}<br />
<br />
==Philanthropy==<br />
[[File:Gandhi at the Laxminarayan Temple.jpg|thumbnail|right| [[Gandhi]] inaugurating the [[Laxminarayan Temple]], Delhi, 1938, with the Birla family (Jugalkishor, Rameshwardas, Ghanshyamdas in black caps, Baldeodas in turban]]<br />
<br />
[[File:'Birla Brothers' Plaque at 'Dhosi Hill'.jpg|thumbnail|right| Birla Brothers' of Pilani, who established 'BITS, Pilani' also got constructed a Dam in the year 1944 or Vikrami Samvat 2000 on 'Dhosi Hill' to store rainy water for bathing of 'Pilgrims']]<br />
<br />
[[File:BITS-Pilani campus aerial view.jpg|thumb|Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani campus aerial view]]<br />
<br />
Birla philanthropy began in the 1880s, when the Birla family donated over 100,000 rupees for setting up goshalas (shelters for the protection of cows) in Kolkata. By early 1900, the Birla family began to support education, influenced by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya. They supported educational charities in Kolkata and in Mumbai teaming up with [[Jamnalal Bajaj]]. In 1918, the family established the first high school in Pilani now name as Birla School, Pilani it is one of the oldest school in India. Currently they have 6 schools run by Birla Education Trust (BET), which evolved into [[BITS Pilani]], which has branches in Hyderabad, Goa and Dubai. They also opened a Sanskrit library in Benares and a library in Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Specials/XaccWERecP1ckwaJ4spx5O/Rajashree-Birla--Giving-is-in-fact-living.html|title=Rajashree Birla - Giving is in fact living|first=Rajashree|last=Birla|work=mint |date=3 October 2014|access-date=9 July 2017}}</ref> It is well known for the financial support of Indian's freedom struggle and for building temples (see [[Birla Temple]]) in several major Indian cities.<br />
<br />
The institutions founded by the Birlas include:<br />
<br />
*Education<br />
**Birla High School, Kolkata<br />
** Rukmani Birla Modern High School, Jaipur<br />
** Modern High School for Girls, Kolkata<br />
** [[South Point School]]<br />
** [[B K Birla Centre For Education]]<br />
** [[M. P. Birla Foundation Higher Secondary School]]<br />
** Aditya Birla Public School, Renukoot<br />
** Aryaman Vikram Birla Institute of Learning, [[Haldwani]], [[Uttarakhand]]<br />
** [[Birla Vidya Niketan]] Saket, Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.birla.ac.in//|title=Birla Vidya Niketan, Odisha|website=birla.ac.in|access-date=29 May 2025}}</ref> <br />
** Birla International Schools - The Franchisee Module <br />
** Birla Open Mind - High End Franchisee Module <br />
** [[Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani]]<br />
** Birla Institute of Management Technology (BIMTECH), Greater Noida<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bimtech.ac.in/about/the-legacy-the-birla-group/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-08-25 |archive-date=2018-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142705/https://www.bimtech.ac.in/about/the-legacy-the-birla-group/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <br />
** [[B.K. Birla Institute of Engineering & Technology]]<br />
** [[Birla Global University]] Bhubaneswar, Odisha<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgu.ac.in/|title=Birla Global University - Top University in BBSR, Odisha|website=www.bgu.ac.in|access-date=29 May 2025}}</ref> <br />
** [[Sarala Birla University]]<br />
** [[Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra]]<br />
** [[Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya]]<br />
** Birla Education Trust, Pilani<br />
** [[Technological Institute of Textile & Sciences]], Bhiwani<br />
** [[Birla Institute of Applied Sciences]]<br />
*Science and Research<br />
**[[Birla Planetarium, Chennai|Birla Planetariums]] ([[Birla Planetarium, Kolkata|Kolkata]], [[Birla Science Museum#Planetarium|Hyderabad]], [[Birla Planetarium, Chennai|Chennai]])<br />
** [[M. P. Birla Institute of Fundamental Research]]<br />
** [[Birla Institute of Scientific Research]]<br />
*Healthcare<br />
** [[Bombay Hospital]]<br />
** [[Belle Vue Clinic, Kolkata]]<br />
** [[Aditya Birla Memorial Hospital]]<br />
*Culture<br />
** [[Birla Mandir]] temples in several cities in India, including Delhi, Pilani, Bhopal, Kolkata etc.<br />
** [[Guru Hanuman#Guru Hanuman Akhara (Birla Mills Vyayamshala)|Guru Hanuman Akhara]] (Birla Mills Vyayamshala)<br />
** [[Basant Kumar Birla#Philanthropy|BK Birla Group institutions]]<br />
** [[Aditya Birla Group#Philanthropy|Aditya Birla Group Institutions]]<br />
** [[K. K. Birla Foundation]], established in 1991 by Krishna Kumar Birla, gives the annual awards like [[Saraswati Samman]], [[Vyas Samman]] and [[G.D. Birla Award for Scientific Research]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Govind Mishra gets Saraswati Samman 2013 for novel 'Dhool Paudhon Par' |work= Daily News & Analysis| url = http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-govind-mishra-gets-saraswati-samman-2013-for-novel-dhool-paudhon-par-2020773 |date=22 September 2014 | access-date = 2014-09-23 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Traditions==<br />
<br />
In a letter, Ghanshaym Das offered this advice to Aditya (his grandson) when he was studying at MIT: <br />
:“eat only vegetarian food, never drink alcohol or smoke, keep early hours, marry young, switch-off lights when leaving the room, cultivate regular habits, go for a walk everyday, keep in touch with the family, and above all, don’t be extravagant.”<ref>India's Industrialists, Volume 1,<br />
Margaret Herdeck, Gita Piramal, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1985 p.&nbsp;97</ref><br />
<br />
GD Birla instructed his son Basant Kumar to 'never utilize wealth only for fun and frolic,' to 'spend the bare minimum on yourself,' and to deride 'worldly pleasures.'<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com"/><br />
<br />
This advice symbolized the ethic of the rising Marwari community, with restraint and austerity its defining attributes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gurcharandas.org/node/634|title=Marwari ethic and the spirit of Capitalism - Gurcharan Das|website=gurcharandas.org|access-date=9 July 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Family ties==<br />
<br />
Although the Birlas are perceived as a single entity, the different branches of the family are now financially independent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2004/08/26/stories/2004082602130600.htm|title=The Hindu Business Line : 'Mahatma was witness to Birla clan partition'|last=cakml|website=www.thehindubusinessline.com|access-date=9 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/economy/story/19870930-after-months-of-tension-birlas-part-ways-amicably-799365-1987-09-29|title=After months of tension, Birlas part ways amicably|date=30 September 1987 |access-date=9 July 2017}}</ref> However they have continued to maintain family relationships that go back to the times when "Birla Brothers" were an actual entity and Raja Baldeo Das was still alive.<br />
<br />
GD Birla's both wives died early because of tuberculosis (He remarried after the death of his first wife), a common affliction at that time. The families of his brothers [[Ghanshyam Das Birla#Family history|Brij Mohan and Rameshwar Das Birla helped in raising his children]]. When Yash Birla's parents died in a plane crash, Priyamvada Birla, ("Badi Ma") helped take care of him.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/yash-gets-candid/article5875980.ece|title=Yash gets candid|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=5 April 2014 |access-date=9 July 2017|last1=Srinivasan |first1=Madhumitha }}</ref><br />
<br />
It is reported that Kumar Mangalam Birla had dipped into his own resources to help his beleaguered relative Yash with his financial issues with creditors in order to preserve the family name.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/family-values/238587|title=Family Values|date=November 2013 |access-date=9 July 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
==="Tata-Birla" word pair===<br />
For many decades the extreme wealth in India was associated with the [[Tata family|Tatas]] and Birlas. The words Tata-Birla were often used together.<ref>[http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news/columns/below-the-belt/capitalists-of-the-world-unite-4323.html Capitalists of the world, unite! Mathrubhumi, October 9, 2008] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402100733/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news/columns/below-the-belt/capitalists-of-the-world-unite-4323.html |date=April 2, 2015 }}</ref> They were distantly followed by [[Dalmia Group|Dalmia]]s (Dalmia-Sahu Jain group) for some time,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pi5bAAAAMAAJ&q=Tata,+Birla,+Dalmia-Jain,+Hirachand,+B.+Mukherjee+and+M.+Chettiar|title=World Marxist Review|date=9 July 1970|publisher=Progress Books.|access-date=9 July 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref> however Tatas and Birlas have been able to sustain themselves as among the most prominent industrialists in India (for 1939-1997 data see<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X6knIE-47BAC&q=tata+birla+dalmia&pg=PA290|title=A History of Corporate Governance around the World: Family Business Groups to Professional Managers|first=Randall K.|last=Morck|date=1 November 2007|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=9780226536835|access-date=9 July 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref>) while others have declined.<ref><br />
[http://swaminomics.org/the-curse-of-too-many-sons/ The Curse of too-many Sons, Swaminathan S. Anklesaria Aiyar, Times of India, Nov 9, 1997]</ref><ref>{{cite web |first= |title=The Rise, Fall & Rise Of Indian Business Families |url=http://www.businessandeconomy.org/14122006/storyd.asp?sid=641&pageno=25 |access-date=9 July 2017 |website=www.businessandeconomy.org}}</ref><br />
<br />
A plan for development of India was developed by a group of industrialists in 1944, which was termed the Tata-Birla plan or the [[Bombay Plan]],<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iLvyf6jQYqYC&q=Tata+Birla&pg=PA184|title=Tata Consultancy Services Story- and Beyond|first=Subramaniam|last=Ramadorai|date=9 July 2017|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=9780670084906|access-date=9 July 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref> which is said to have served as a blueprint for India's [[Five-Year Plans of India#First Plan (1951–1956)|first five-year plan]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}{{Birla family}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Birla Family}}<br />
[[Category:Birla family| ]]<br />
[[Category:Business families of India]]<br />
[[Category:Banking families]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tomb_of_Mariam-uz-Zamani&diff=541651Tomb of Mariam-uz-Zamani2026-02-01T12:17:50Z<p>Rockybhai3: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Tomb of Mughal Empress Mariam-uz-Zamani}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox religious building<br />
|building_name= Tomb of Mariam-uz-Zamani Begum<br />
|image=Mariam's Tomb, Sikandra, Agra.JPG<br />
|caption=Tomb of [[Mariam-uz-Zamani]], the favorite and chief consort<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mehta|first1=J.L.|title=Advance Study in the history of Medieval India|volume=III|publisher=Sterling Publisher Private Limited|year=1981|isbn=8120704320|quote=Bihari Mal gave rich dowry to his daughter and sent his son Bhagwan Das with a contingent of Rajput soldiers to escort his newly married sister to Agra as per Hindu custom. Akbar was deeply impressed by the highly dignified, sincere and princely conduct of his Rajput relations. He took Man Singh, the youthful son of Bhagwant Das into the royal service. Akbar was fascinated by the charm and accomplishments of his Rajput wife; he developed real love for her and raised her to the status of chief queen. She came to exercise a profound impact on the socio-cultural environment of the entire royal household and changed the lifestyle of Akbar. Salim (later Jahangir), the heir to the throne, was born of this wedlock on 30th August 1569.}}</ref> of [[Emperor Akbar]], in Sikandra, Agra.<br />
|location={{Flagicon|India}} [[Akbar's tomb|Sikandra]], [[India]]<br />
|geo={{coord|27.2153|77.9427|format=dms|region:IN-DL_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}<br />
|religious_affiliation=[[Islam]] <br />
|rite=<br />
|province= [[Agra]]<br />
|territory=[[Akbar's tomb|Sikandra]]<br />
|district=[[Akbar's tomb|Sikandra]]<br />
|consecration_year=1623<br />
|status=Tomb<br />
|leadership= [[Jahangir]]<br />
|website=<br />
|architect= <br />
|architecture_type= Tomb<br />
|architecture_style= [[Mughal architecture]]<br />
|facade_direction=Open on four sides<br />
|year_completed=Before 1627<br />
|construction_cost=<br />
|capacity=<br />
|length=145 ft<br />
|width=145 ft<br />
|width_nave=<br />
|height_max=39 ft<br />
|dome_quantity= 8 <br />
|dome_height_outer=<br />
|dome_height_inner=<br />
|dome_dia_outer=<br />
|dome_dia_inner=<br />
|minaret_quantity= <br />
|minaret_height=<br />
|spire_quantity=<br />
|spire_height=<br />
|materials=[[Sandstone|Red Sandstone]] <br/> [[Stucco]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Tomb of Mariam-uz-Zamani''' or '''Mariam's tomb''' is the [[mausoleum]] of [[Mariam-uz-Zamani]], commonly known as '''[[Mariam-uz-Zamani#The misnomer of Jodha Bai|Jodha Bai]]''', the favorite wife<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hindu Shah|first1=Muhammad Qasim|title=Gulshan-I-Ibrahimi|page=223}}</ref><ref name="William">{{cite book|last1=Hunter Shah|first1=Wlliam W.|title=The History of Nations: India and Modern Persia|volume=5|publisher=P.F. Collier & son, New York|page=115|year=1881|editor-first=Henry Cabot|editor-last=Lodge}}</ref> of the [[Akbar|Mughal Emperor Akbar]].<ref name="Lal 2005 170">{{cite book|last=Lal|first=Ruby|title=Domesticity and power in the early Mughal world|year=2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521850223|page=170}}</ref><ref name = Smith>{{cite book| last = Smith| first = Vincent Arthur| title = Akbar the Great Mogul| url = https://archive.org/details/cu31924024056503| publisher = Oxford, Clarendon Press| year = 1917| isbn = 0895634716| page = [https://archive.org/details/cu31924024056503/page/n83 58]| access-date = 13 November 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170806184520/https://archive.org/details/cu31924024056503| archive-date = 6 August 2017| url-status = live}}</ref><ref name = Eraly>{{cite book| last = Eraly| first = Abraham| title = Emperors of the Peacock Throne, The Saga of the Great Mughals| publisher = Penguin Books India| year = 2000| isbn = 0141001437| page = 136}}</ref> The tomb was built by her son [[Jahangir]], in her memory between years 1623–1627 and is located in [[Agra]]'s Sikandra suburb next to [[Akbar's tomb]],<ref name="Smith1">{{cite book| last = Smith| first = Vincent Arthur| title = Akbar the Great Mogul| url = https://archive.org/details/cu31924024056503| publisher = Oxford, Clarendon Press| year = 1917| isbn = 0895634716| page = [https://archive.org/details/cu31924024056503/page/n129 102]| access-date = 13 November 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170806184520/https://archive.org/details/cu31924024056503| archive-date = 6 August 2017| url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="Eraly1">{{cite book| last = Eraly| first = Abraham| title = Emperors of the Peacock Throne, The Saga of the Great Mughals| publisher = Penguin Books India| year = 2000| isbn = 0141001437| page = 171}}</ref><ref name="asi">{{cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_up_mariamtomb.asp |title=Mariam's Tomb, Sikandara, Agra - Ticketed Monument - Archaeological Survey of India |publisher=Asi.nic.in |accessdate=8 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916235001/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_up_mariamtomb.asp |archive-date=16 September 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> in the direction of Mathura. She is the only wife of Akbar to be buried close to him.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Havell EB |url=http://archive.org/details/pli.kerala.rare.9313 |title=A Handbook to Agra and the Taj Sikandra, Fatehpur-Sikri and the Neighbourhood. |date=1912 |publisher=Longmans, Green & Co, London |others=Kerala State Library |pages=102}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
[[File:AkbarMariamuzZamani.jpg|thumb|Portrait of [[Akbar|Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar]] with Mariam-uz-Zamani Begum]]<br />
<br />
[[Mariam-uz-Zamani]] was born a [[Rajput]] princess named Harkha Bai, the eldest daughter of [[Raja]] [[Bharmal]] of [[Amer, India|Amer]].<ref name = Smith/><ref name=Eraly/><ref name=Metcalf>{{cite book|last=Metcalf |first=Barbara, Thomas|title=A Concise History of Modern India|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-86362-9 |page=17}}</ref> She was married to Emperor Akbar in 1562 CE and<ref name = Smith/><ref name=Eraly/> was honored with the title '''Mariam-uz-Zamani''' ('Mary/Compassionate of the Age') after she gave birth to her third son, Jahangir in the year 1569 CE.<ref name="columbia.edu">{{cite web |author=Frances Pritchett |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00artlinks/agra_havell/16fatahpursikri.html |title=16fatahpursikri |publisher=Columbia.edu |accessdate=8 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806184056/http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00artlinks/agra_havell/16fatahpursikri.html |archive-date=6 August 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> She died on 19 May 1623 in Agra and was buried close to her husband. There is no concrete evidence stating the reason for her death however it is believed to be because of sickness. Her son Jahangir commissioned a tomb for her between 1623 and 1627 CE.<ref name="golden">{{cite web |url=http://www.egoldentriangle.com/agra-mariam-tomb.php |title=Mariam Tomb Mariam Tomb Agra Mariam Tomb Agra India Fatehpur Sikri Agra India |publisher=Egoldentriangle.com |accessdate=8 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215054606/http://www.egoldentriangle.com/agra-mariam-tomb.php |archive-date=15 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=" tomb.uk">{{cite web |url=http://www.agraindia.org.uk/tomb-of-mariam-zamani/index.html |title=Mariam-Zamani Tomb - Mariam-Zamani Tomb Agra - Mariam-Zamani Tomb Agra India |publisher=Agraindia.org.uk |accessdate=8 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523141842/http://www.agraindia.org.uk/tomb-of-mariam-zamani/index.html |archive-date=23 May 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="real.agra">{{cite web |url=http://agraredco.com/monuments/tomb-of-mariam-zamani |title=Tomb of Mariam Zamani |publisher=Agra Redco |accessdate=8 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317230512/http://agraredco.com/monuments/tomb-of-mariam-zamani/ |archive-date=17 March 2014 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> The tomb is just next to the [[Akbar's tomb]], the only nearest of all the tombs of his other wives.<ref name="Chronicles">The Fatehpur Sikri Chronicles</ref> She is known to be the first and last love of Emperor Akbar.<ref name="Indiatoday">{{cite news|date=1 October 2016|title=Unknown fact about Queen Mother Mariam uz Zamani|work=[[India Today]]|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/jodha-bai-344257-2016-10-01}}</ref><br />
<br />
Alongside Empress Mariam-uz-Zamani, her granddaughter [[Bahar Banu Begum]] is also buried in the same mausoleum insinuating that she might have been her favourite.<br />
<br />
==Misidentification as Christian==<br />
Mariam-uz-Zamani's identity has been throughout centuries falsely inferred as Christian primarily on the pretext of her title, 'Mariam' and the absence of her background details from official Mughal chronicles giving rise to speculation about her race and religion.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ashirbadi Lal|first=Srivastava|title=Medieval Indian Culture|year=1964|publisher=Universal Publications|page=184|url=<br />
https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.241622/page/183/mode/2up}}</ref> It was presumed by various writers that since she was named Mariam, she must have been a Christian lady. However Islam reveres [[Mary in Islam|Mary or Mariam]] as their own, in fact, Mariam is the only woman named in their holy book Quran and as per Muslims, she was the greatest woman to ever lived. This signifies the honour bestowed upon the empress and her distinguished rank as Akbar's wife. <br />
<br />
According to Edmund Smith, this story was started by some visitors who expressed the idea that the painting in Mariam's house at Fatehpur Sikri represented annunciation and therefore believed that Mariam must have been a Christian, however, the liberal historian of Akbar, [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul Fazl]] makes no mention of her being Christian or Akbar ever having a Christian wife. Additionally [[Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh]], a chronicle written in the Mughal era, explicitly states Mariam-uz-Zamani as a daughter of [[Raja Bharmal]], therefore putting end to the supposition of Mariam Zamani being a Christian. It was not only that the painting in Sonahra Makan may have led to speculation of her as Christian but the name Maryam (Mary) has also led weight to the theory of "Christian wife" however Maryam is a common name among Muslims and Maryam-uz-Zamani (Mary of Age) was conferred upon her on the birth of her son, prince Salim. For the verification of the assertion of her association with Christianity, Edmund Smith had her crypt opened to find out whether the tomb was that of a Christian lady, but he did not find any trace of the cross.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ashirbadi Lal|first=Srivastava|title=Medieval Indian Culture|year=1964|publisher=Universal Publications|page=204|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.241622/page/203/mode/2up?q=Mariam-uz-Zamani%27s+tomb}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Vogel|first=Dr. J. Ph.|title=Annual Report Archaeological Survey Of India 1910-II|year=1910|publisher=Superintendent Government Printing, Calcutta, India|page=94|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.207520/page/n201/mode/2up}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Edmund W.|title=Mughal Architecture of Fatehpur Sikri|year=1973|publisher= Indological Book |location=Delhi|volume=I|page=31}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Desecration of the Mausoleum==<br />
This tomb has been damaged heavily by the addition of white plaster during British rule which shadowed the former beauty of the tomb.<ref name="asi" /> This mausoleum was used as a printing press for an orphanage centre by Britishers and suffered great damage. Before the mutiny when the High Court was at Agra, the Government Press was situated in her mausoleum and the Native Christian school and Orphanage occupied a portion of the garden. Since the transfer of the government press to Allahabad the whole mausoleum and garden passed into the hands of the native government who put up a large number of partitioned walls inside the mausoleum and established factories there significantly damaging the tomb.<ref name=Alaziz>{{cite book|last1=Aziz|first1=Al|title=Selections from the Native Newspapers Published in the United Provinces of Agra & Oudh.|date=12 August 1905|page=262|jstor=saoa.crl.25922623 |url=https://jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25922623}}</ref> The tomb after India-Pakistan partition housed Sindhi refugees and was degraded further.<ref>{{cite news|title=New twist to timeless riddle|url= https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/new-twist-to-a-timeless-riddle/article18075695.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=27 April 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Architecture and Ornamentation==<br />
Mariam-uz-Zamani laid out a large garden near the tomb of her husband<ref name=Alaziz /> in Sikandra, which originally had an open ''[[Baradari (building)|baradari]]'' (pleasure pavilion) built during the reign of [[Sikander Lodi]], in 1495 AD. After her death in May 1623, she was buried here near her husband's tomb and the baradari was converted into a fine mausoleum by her son, Jahangir who established a large tomb over her grave by making a [[crypt]] below the central compartment and remodelling it substantially with heavy additions of embellishments like frescoes and floral carvings.<br />
<br />
[[File:Plan_of_Mariam-uz-Zamani_Tomb.jpg|thumb|right|Layout of Mausoleum]]<br />
<br />
The mausoleum contains three tombstones: one in the underground mortuary chamber, which is the grave itself; the [[cenotaph]] above it; and another cenotaph on the terrace.<ref name="real.agra" /> The ground floor consists of some forty chambers, which bear faint traces of paintings on plastered walls. The center of the ground floor houses the [[cenotaph]] of Empress Mariam-uz-Zamani.<ref name="asi" /> <br />
<br />
[[File:MariamZamaniTomb.jpg|thumb|Flight of stairs leading to the grave of [[Mariam-uz-Zamani]] Begam]]<br />
<br />
This square tomb stands in the center of the [[Mughal garden]]. It is built on a raised platform with stairs on its northern and southern sides. The two corridors running from east to west and from north to south divide the structure into nine sections that are further subdivided into smaller compartments.<ref name=" tomb.uk" /> The largest one is at the center, four smaller square ones at the corners, and four oblong ones in their midst. Massive piers have been used to support the broad arches and vaulted ceilings. The tomb is built of brick and [[Mortar (masonry)|mortar]], and finished with [[stucco]].<ref name="golden" /><br />
<br />
The baradari was remodelled by Mughals who converted it into the tomb and added {{transliteration|mr|[[chhatri]]s}} and {{transliteration|mr|chhaparkhats}}. It has four massive [[octagon]]al {{transliteration|mr|chhatris}} on its four corners and four oblongs {{transliteration|mr|chhaparkhats}} in the center of the four sides. Each {{transliteration|mr|chhatri}} is made out of [[sandstone|red sandstone]] with a white dome and stands on a square platform. The domes are crowned with an inverted lotus or {{transliteration|mr|padma kosha}}. Brackets have been used to support the internal [[Lintel (architecture)|lintel]]s and external {{transliteration|mr|chhajja}}, five on each pillar, making a total of 40 brackets in one {{transliteration|mr|chhatri}}. Each {{transliteration|mr|chhaparkhat}} is rectangular and has eight pillars with a similar cluster of brackets and a white roof. These {{transliteration|mr|chhatris}} and {{transliteration|mr|chhaparkhats}} are the most important [[Ornament (art)|ornament]] of the whole composition. The rectangular {{transliteration|mr|chhaparkhats}} with eight pillars and a cluster of brackets resemble the corner cupolas. The tomb does not have a dome. The mausoleum is of architectural importance in the category of Mughal tombs without a dome.<ref name="golden" /><ref name="real.agra" /><ref name=" tomb.uk" /><br />
<br />
[[File:MuzTombDetailing.jpg|thumb|Hindu style detailing on the facade of the tomb]]<br />
<br />
The [[facade]]s (exterior) of the building were reconstructed with red [[sandstone]] panels and a {{transliteration|mr|[[Overhang (architecture)|chhajja]]}} with the addition of {{transliteration|mr|duchhati}} ([[mezzanine]] floors) at the corners by the Mughals. On each facade, there is a rectangular structure which projects forward and has a pointy arch in it. It is flanked on either side by wings, which consist of three arches and a set of double arches, one over the other, thus accommodating a {{transliteration|mr|duchhatti}} at each corner of the building. The wings are protected by {{transliteration|mr|chhajjas}}.<ref name="real.agra" /><ref name="golden" /> The {{transliteration|mr|duchhatti}} are accessible by stairways.<ref name=" tomb.uk" /><br />
<br />
Another important aspect of the tomb is that it is identical both in the front and the rear. Unlike other Mughal era structures, the back entrance is not a dummy but an actual entrance.<ref name="Jodha's rest">{{cite web |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/travel/mariam-zamanis-tomb-jodhas-rest/articleshow/2841132.cms |title=Mariam Zamani's tomb: Jodha's rest - Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=6 March 2008 |accessdate=8 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116160823/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/travel/mariam-zamanis-tomb-jodhas-rest/articleshow/2841132.cms |archive-date=16 November 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
The red sandstone facade and panels with a variety of decorative designs, such as floral patterns, tell a lot about the former splendor of this tomb. There are [[Chevron (insignia)|chevron]] patterns in the nook shafts, wine vases within sunk niches, and geometrical floral designs gracing the piers between the arches. The {{transliteration|mr|chhatris}} have beautifully carved columns with hexagonal bases. The stone brackets occupy the spaces just below the {{transliteration|mr|chajja}}, while beautifully carved [[frieze]]s are above it. And white marble is inlaid underneath the dome. The friezes of the {{transliteration|mr|chhaparkhats}} were originally covered with glazed tiles and have a pyramidal roof. Traces of floral paintings can still be seen in the corners that tell about the former beauty of the tomb.<ref name=" tomb.uk" /><br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Tomb of Empress Mariam-uz-Zamani.jpg|Tomb of Empress Mariam-uz-Zamani build near the Tomb of Akbar<br />
File:Tomb of Mariam-uz-Zamani.jpg|Tomb of Mariam-uz-Zamani in Sikandra, Agra<br />
File:The khiyabans around the tomb of Mariam uz Zamani.jpg|The khiyabans are paved in the beautiful gardens surrounding the Tomb of Mariam-uz-Zamani.<br />
File:Detailing on the structure comprising Tomb of Mariam-uz-Zamani.jpg|Detailing on the main complex insinuating the former beauty of tomb<br />
File:Intricate decorative engraving on the main complex of the Tomb.jpg|Intricate decorative engravings on the main complex of the tomb<br />
File:One of the facade's dome visible from east side of the tomb complex.jpg|One of the facade's domes visible from the east side of the tomb complex<br />
File:Grave of Mariam-uz-Zamani built underground with flight of steps leading to it.jpg|Cenotaph of Mariam-uz-Zamani<br />
File:The tomb comprises of several geometrical and floral carved pillars.jpg|Circumferential gallery around the cenotaph<br />
File:ASI board outside the tomb.jpg|ASI board outside the tomb<br />
File:Tomb Mariam-uz-Zamani.jpg|Tomb of Mariam-uz-Zamani<br />
File:The tomb complex.jpg|The Tomb Complex of Mariam-uz-Zamani<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
*[[Tomb of Jahangir]]<br />
*[[Tomb of Akbar the Great]], third Mughal Emperor.<br />
*[[Bibi Ka Maqbara]], the tomb of [[Dilras Banu Begum]], consort of Emperor Aurangzeb<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Tomb of Mariam uz-Zamani}}<br />
* [http://www.agraindia.org.uk/tomb-of-mariam-zamani/index.html Agraindia.org]<br />
* [http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Features/ET_Travel/Mariam_Zamanis_tomb_Jodhas_rest/rssarticleshow/2841132.cms Economictimes.indiatimes.com]<br />
<br />
{{Tourist attractions in Agra}}<br />
{{Agra Division topics}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Agra]]<br />
[[Category:Mausoleums in Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Mughal tombs|Mariam-uz-Zamani]]<br />
[[Category:Mariam-uz-Zamani]]<br />
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Agra]]<br />
[[Category:1623 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:Akbar]]<br />
[[Category:Sandstone buildings in India]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1626]]<br />
[[Category:Persian gardens in India]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adaptations_of_works_of_Rabindranath_Tagore_in_film_and_television&diff=466633Adaptations of works of Rabindranath Tagore in film and television2026-01-30T22:06:29Z<p>Rockybhai3: rework section as per guidelines and fixed typos</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|none}}<br />
{{more footnotes needed|date=September 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
<br />
Below is a '''list of adaptations of works of [[Rabindranath Tagore]] in film and television'''.<br />
<br />
==Adaptations in film==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Director<br />
! Language<br />
! Based on<br />
|-<br />
|1927<br />
|''[[Balidan]] (Sacrifice)''<br />
|Nanand Bhojai and Naval Gandhi<br />
|[[Hindi language|Hindi]] (silent)<br />
|''Visarjan'' (1890 play)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|1929<br />
|''[[Giribala]]''<br />
|[[Madhu Bose]]<br />
|<br />
|''Giribala'' (1895 short story)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2| 1932<br />
|''[[Chirakumar Sabha]]''<br />
| [[Premankur Atorthy]]<br />
|<br />
|''Chirakumar Sabha'' (''The Bachelor's Club''; 1904 novel)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Natir Puja]]''<br />
|[[Rabindranath Tagore]]<br />
|Bangali<br />
|''Natir Puja''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|1938<br />
|''[[Chokher Bali (1938 film)|Chokher Bali]]''<br />
|Satu Sen<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''[[Chokher Bali (novel)|Chokher Bali]]'' (''Sand in the Eye''; 1901 novella)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chokher Bali (1938) |url=https://indiancine.ma/CNT |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref><br />
<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Gora (film)]]''<br />
|[[Naresh Mitra]]<br />
|<br />
|''[[Gora (novel)|Gora]]'' (''Fair-Faced'';1909 novel)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|1942<br />
|''Sodh Bodh''<br />
|Saumyen Mukherji<br />
|<br />
|''Sodh Bodh'' (''All Square''; 1926 comedy)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|1946<br />
|''[[Milan (1946 film)|Milan]]''<br />
|[[Nitin Bose]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
|''[[Noukadubi]]'' (''The Wreck''; 1906 novel)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|1947<br />
|''[[Noukadubi (1947 film)]]'' (Bengali remake of ''Milan'')<br />
|Nitin Bose<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''[[Noukadubi]]'' (''The Wreck''; 1906 novel)<br />
|-<br />
|1953<br />
|''[[Do Bigha Zamin]]''<br />
|[[Bimal Roy]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
|"[[Dui Bigha Jomi]]" (Two [[Bigha]]s of Land; poem)<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|1956<br />
|''[[Mathar Kula Manickam]]''<br />
|[[T. Prakash Rao]]<br />
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br />
|''[[Noukadubi]]'' (''The Wreck''; 1906 novel)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Charana Daasi]]''<br />
|[[T. Prakash Rao]]<br />
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
|''[[Noukadubi]]'' (''The Wreck''; 1906 novel)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|1957<br />
|''[[Kabuliwala (1957 film)|Kabuliwala]]''<br />
|[[Tapan Sinha]]<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''[[Kabuliwala (Short story)|Kabuliwala]]'' (''The Fruitseller from Kabul''; 1892 short story)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3| 1960<br />
|''[[Ghunghat (1960 film)|Ghunghat]]''<br />
|[[Ramanand Sagar]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
|''[[Noukadubi]]'' (''The Wreck''; 1906 novel)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Kshudhita Pashan]]''<br />
|Tapan Sinha<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''Kshudhita Pashan'' (''[[The Hungry Stones]]''; 1895 short story)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Khokababur Pratyabartan]]''<br />
|[[Agradoot]]<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''Khokababur Pratyabartan'' (''Return of Khokababu''; 1891 short story)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|1961<br />
|''[[Teen Kanya]]''<br />
|[[Satyajit Ray]]<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''The Postmaster'', ''Monihara (The Lost Jewels)'', ''Samapti (The Conclusion)'' (1891, 1898, 1893)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Kabuliwala (1961 film)|Kabuliwala]]''<br />
|[[Hemen Gupta]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
|''[[Kabuliwala (Short story)|Kabuliwala]]'' (''The Fruitseller from Kabul''; 1892 short story)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|1964<br />
|''[[Charulata]]''<br />
|Satyajit Ray<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''[[Nastanirh]]'' (''The Broken Nest''; 1901 novella)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Dak Ghar]]''<br />
|Zul Vellani<br />
|Hindi<br />
|''[[The Post Office (play)|Dak Ghar]]''; (''The Post Office''; 1912 play)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|1965<br />
|''Dak Ghar''<br />
|N/A<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''[[The Post Office (play)|Dak Ghar]]''; (''The Post Office''; 1912 play)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Atithi (1965 film)|Atithi]]''<br />
|[[Tapan Sinha]]<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''Atithi'' (''The Runaway''; 1895 short-story)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|1969<br />
|''[[Megh o Roudra]]''<br />
|[[Arundhati Devi]]<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''Megh o Roudra'' (''Sun and Showers'')<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|1970<br />
|''[[Ichhapuran]]''<br />
|[[Mrinal Sen]]<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''Ichchhapuran'' (short-story)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|1971<br />
|''[[Uphaar]]''<br />
|[[Sudhendu Roy]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
|''Samapti'' (''The Conclusion''; 1893 short story)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Malyadan]]''<br />
|[[Ajoy Kar]]<br />
|Bengali<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|1972<br />
|''[[Strir Patra]]''<br />
|[[Purnendu Patri]]<br />
|Bengali<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|1975<br />
|''[[Geet Gaata Chal]]''<br />
|[[Hiren Nag]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
|''Atithi'' (''The Runaway''; 1895; short story) <br />
|-<br />
|1985<br />
|''[[Ghare Baire (film)|Ghare Baire]]''<br />
|Satyajit Ray<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''[[Ghare Baire]]'' (''The Home and the World''; 1916 novel)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|1991<br />
|''[[Lekin...]]''<br />
|[[Gulzar]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
|''Kshudhit Pashaan'' (''[[The Hungry Stones]]''; 1895 short story)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|1997<br />
|''[[Char Adhyay]]''<br />
|[[Kumar Shahani]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
|''Char Adhyay'' (''Four Chapters''; 1934 novel)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Oka Chinna Maata]]''<br />
|[[Muthyala Subbaiah]]<br />
|Telugu<br />
|''[[Noukadubi]]'' (''The Wreck''; 1906 novel)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|2003<br />
|''[[Chokher Bali (2003 film)|Chokher Bali]]''<br />
|[[Rituparno Ghosh]]<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''[[Chokher Bali (novel)|Chokher Bali]]'' (''Sand in the Eye''; 1901 novella)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|2004<br />
|''[[Shasti]]''<br />
|[[Chashi Nazrul Islam]]<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''Shasti'' (''Punishment''; short story)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|2006<br />
|''[[Shuva (film)|Shuva]]''<br />
|Chashi Nazrul Islam<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''Shuvashini'' (short story)<br />
|-<br />
|2008<br />
|[[Chaturanga (film)|''Chaturanga'']]<br />
|[[Suman Mukherjee]]<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''[[Chaturanga (Tagore novel)|Chaturanga]]'' (Quartet; 1916 novel)<br />
|-<br />
|2012<br />
|''[[Abujh Bou]]''<br />
|[[Nargis Akhtar]]<br />
| Bengali<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|2011<br />
|''[[Noukadubi (2011 film)|Noukadubi]]''<br />
|Rituparno Ghosh<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''[[Noukadubi]]'' (The Wreck; 1906 novel)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Charuulata 2011]]''<br />
|[[Agnidev Chatterjee]]<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''[[Nastanirh]]'' (''The Broken Nest''; 1901 novella)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=5|2012<br />
|''[[Elar Char Adhyay]]''<br />
|[[Bappaditya Bandopadhyay|Bappaditya Bandyopadhyay]]<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''Char Adhyay'' (''Four Chapters''; 1934 novel)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Tasher Desh]]''<br />
|[[Qaushiq Mukherjee]]<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''Tasher Desh'' (''The Land of Cards''; 1933 drama)<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Chitrangada: The Crowning Wish]]''<br />
|[[Rituparno Ghosh]]<br />
|Bengali<br />
|[[Chitra (play)|''Chitra'']] (1913 play)<br />
|-<br />
|''Mukti''<br />
|[[Buddhadev Dasgupta]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
|Tagore's poems<br />
|-<br />
|''Patralekha''<br />
|Buddhadeb Dasgupta<br />
|Hindi<br />
|Tagore's poems<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|2013<br />
|''[[An Obsolete Altar]]''<br />
|Mrigankasekhar Ganguly and Hyash Tanmoy<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''Achalayatan'' (''The Immovable''; 1912 play)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Dekha, Na-Dekhay]]''<br />
|Arnab Ghoshal<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''Aparichita'' (''The Unknown Woman ''; short story)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|2014<br />
|''Shesher Kabita''<br />
|Suman Mukhopadhyay<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''[[Shesher Kabita]]'' (''The Last Poem'' or ''Farewell Song''; 1929 novel)<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Taptapadi]]''<br />
|Sachin Balram Nagargoje<br />
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br />
|''Dristidaan''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|2015<br />
|''[[Jogajog (2015 film)|Jogajog]]''<br />
|[[Shekhar Das]]<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''[[Jogajog (novel)|Jogajog]]'' (''Relationships''; 1929 novel)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|''Gora''<br />
|Shukla Mitra<br />
|<br />
|''[[Gora (novel)|Gora]]'' (''Fair-Faced'';1909 novel)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|2016<br />
|''[[Postmaster (2016 film)|Postmaster]]''<br />
|Srijon Bardhan<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''The Postmaster'' (1891 short story)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Dristi]]''<br />
|[[Prodyut Kumar Deka]]<br />
|[[Assamese language|Assamese]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|2017<br />
|''Detective''<br />
|[[Prodyut Kumar Deka]]<br />
|Bengali<br />
|''Detective'' (1898 short story)<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Bioscopewala]]''<br />
|Deb Medhekar<br />
|Hindi<br />
|''[[Kabuliwala (Short story)|Kabuliwala]]'' (1892 short story)<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|''[[Laboratory]]''<br />
|Soumik Chattopadhyay<br />
|Bengali<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|2020<br />
|''[[Detective (2020 film)]]''<br />
|Joydip Mukherjee<br />
|Bengali<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Darbaan]]''<br />
|Bipin Nadkarni<br />
|Hindi<br />
|''The Child's Return'' (1918 short story)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Adaptations on television==<br />
*In 2012 [[Hindi language|Hindi]] channel [[Doordarshan]] broadcast a 26-episode television series based the Tagore's novel ''[[Gora (novel)|Gora]]'' (1909) by producer Gargi Sen and director Somnath Sen.<ref name="timesAlive">{{cite news |author=Ipshita Mitra |date=15 May 2013 |title=Tagore's Gora to come alive on television |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/Tagores-Gora-to-come-alive-on-television/articleshow/16890545.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="magic">Magic Lantern Movie (5 November 2012). [http://magiclanternmovies.in/blogs/tagores-gora-set-telecast-doordarshans-national-channel Tagore's 'Gora' set for telecast on Doordarshan's national channel].</ref><br />
* In 2015, [[Anurag Basu]] adapted many short stories of Tagore in a show titled ''[[Stories by Rabindranath Tagore]]'', which was aired on [[EPIC (TV channel)|EPIC channel]]. The 26-episode Season 1 was based on many famous short stories such as [[Chokher Bali (novel)|Chokher Bali]], Atithi, [[Nastanirh]], and [[Kabuliwala (short story)|Kabuliwallah]] among others.<br />
* Directors [[Abhijit Guha (director)|Abhijit Guha]] and [[Sudeshna Roy]] ran a series of Tagore's stories titled ''Robi Thakurer Golpo'', which was aired on [[Colors Bangla]] and was launched on 19 November 2015. Each story is shown in three episodes.<ref name = "tellychakkar">Tellychakkar.com. ''[http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/colors-bangla-launches-robi-thakurer-golpo-151119 Colors Bangla launches Robi Thakurer Golpo]''. 19 November 2015.</ref> The series consisted of more than a dozen stories, including ''Dena Paona, Shamapti, [[Kabuliwala (short story)|Kabuliwala]], Postmaster, Khokababur Pratyabartan, Manihara, Jeebito Mrityu, Madhyabartini, Manbhanjan, [[Nastanirh]], Strir Patra,<ref>{{cite news|url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/Sudeshna-Abhijit-back-on-television-with-series-on-Tagore/articleshow/49658109.cms?|title=Sudeshna, Abhijit back on TV with series on Tagore|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=4 November 2015}}</ref> [[Noukadubi]]'' and ''Chokher Bali'', among others.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Works of Rabindranath Tagore]]<br />
* [[List of works by Rabindranath Tagore]]<br />
* [https://www.brainwareuniversity.ac.in/celebrating-tagore/rabindra-sangeet-collection/ Celebrating Tagore]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Rabindranath Tagore}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Adaptations of works by Rabindranath Tagore| ]]<br />
[[Category:Filmographies]]<br />
[[Category:Indian filmographies]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zainul_Abideen_Azmi&diff=546438Zainul Abideen Azmi2026-01-21T19:08:10Z<p>Rockybhai3: Made Some Details W/ Refs</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar and hadith specialist (1932–2013)}}<br />
{{Infobox religious biography<br />
| honorific_prefix = {{small|[[Mawlana]]}}<br />
| name = Zainul Abideen Azmi<br />
| birth_date = 30 October 1932<br />
| birth_place = [[Kurthi Jafarpur|Pura Maroof]], Azamgarh district (now [[Mau district]]), [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], British India<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2013|4|28|1932|10|30}}<br />
| death_place = Pura Maroof, Mau district, [[Uttar Pradesh]], India<br />
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]<br />
| religion = [[Islam]]<br />
| denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]<br />
| jurisprudence = [[Hanafi school|Hanafi]]<br />
| movement = [[Deobandi movement|Deobandi]]<br />
| alma_mater = {{Bulleted list|Madrasa Maroofia, Pura Maroof|Madrasa Ihyaul Uloom, Mubarakpur|[[Darul Uloom Deoband]]}}<br />
| occupation = Islamic scholar, muhaddith, jurist, writer<br />
| main_interests = {{Bulleted list|[[Hadith studies]]|[[Biographical evaluation]]|[[Islamic jurisprudence]]}}<br />
| notable_works =<br />
{{Plainlist|<br />
* ''Takmilah Imdād al-Bārī''<br />
* ''Wafayātu Man Yu'tamad Qawluhu fī al-Jarḥ wa al-Ta'dīl''<br />
* ''A'lām al-Muḥaddithīn''<br />
* ''Nukhab min Asmā' Rijāl al-Ṣiḥāḥ''<br />
}}<br />
| teachers = {{Bulleted list|[[Hussain Ahmad Madani]]|[[Izaz Ali Amrohi]]|[[Ibrahim Balyawi]]|[[Fakhrul Hasan Moradabadi]]|[[Naseer Ahmad Khan (scholar)|Naseer Ahmad Khan]]|[[Mahdi Hasan Shahjahanpuri]]}}<br />
| students = {{Bulleted list|[[Abdullah Maroofi]]}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Zainul Abideen Azmi''' (1932–2013) was an Indian Islamic scholar, [[muhaddith]] (hadith specialist), jurist, and writer associated with the [[Deobandi]] tradition. He was educated at [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] and remained engaged with the teaching, transmission, and study of hadith and related Islamic sciences for nearly six decades.<br />
<br />
Azmi taught at a number of Islamic seminaries in different capacities, including advanced hadith instruction. In the later part of his career, he served at [[Mazahir Uloom Jadeed]], Saharanpur, where from 1995 until his death he headed the Department of Specialisation in Hadith. He also authored and edited several works in Arabic and Urdu, particularly in the fields of hadith studies and biographical criticism.<br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Zainul Abideen Azmi was born on 30 October 1932 (1 Rajab 1351&nbsp;AH) in [[Kurthi Jafarpur|Pura Maroof]], Azamgarh district (present-day [[Mau district]]).{{Sfn|Qasmi|2013|p=42}}{{Sfn|Khalili Qasmi|2020|p=740}}<br />
<br />
He received his early education up to ''Sharh Jami'' between 1938 and 1948 at Madrasa Maroofia in his native village. He then pursued further studies up to [[Al-Hidayah|Hidayah]] (Awwalayn) at Madrasa Ihyaul Uloom, [[Mubarakpur]].{{Sfn|Qasmi|2013|pp=42–43}}<br />
<br />
In 1949, Azmi enrolled at [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], where he completed the [[Dars-i Nizami|Dars-e-Nizami]] curriculum and graduated in 1953. During his time at Deoband, he studied hadith and other Islamic sciences, and also received instruction in tajwīd, qirāʾāt, and iftāʾ (jurisprudential writing).{{Sfn|Qasmi|2013|pp=44–47}}{{Sfn|Khalili Qasmi|2020|p=740}}<br />
<br />
His teachers at the Deoband seminary included [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]], [[Izaz Ali Amrohi]], [[Ibrahim Balyawi]], [[Fakhrul Hasan Moradabadi]], [[Naseer Ahmad Khan (scholar)|Naseer Ahmad Khan]], and [[Mahdi Hasan Shahjahanpuri]].{{Sfn|Qasmi|2013|pp=44–46}}<br />
<br />
Under Shahjahanpuri's supervision, Azmi received practical training in iftāʾ between 1370&nbsp;AH (1951) and 1379&nbsp;AH (1959), during which he drafted a number of legal opinions that were reviewed and issued with authorization; copies of these fatwas are preserved in the official iftāʾ registers associated with Shahjahanpuri.<ref>{{cite book |last=Azmi |first=Ishtiaq Ahmad |title=Awadh Mein Ifta ke Marakiz aur Unki Khidmat (Unniswin aur Beeswin Sadi Mein) |publisher=Sherwani Art Printers |year=2009 |location=[[Delhi]] |page=414 |language=ur |trans-title=Centers of Ifta in Awadh and Their Services (in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries)}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
After completing his studies, Azmi began his teaching career in June 1953. He initially taught at a junior madrasa in Aminpur, [[Shasan, North 24 Parganas|Shasan (24 Parganas)]], and briefly at a maktab in Khalespur, [[Azamgarh district|Azamgarh]]. On the recommendation of his teacher [[Izaz Ali Amrohi]], he then served for about a year at Madrasa Madinatul Uloom in Ikla Khanpur, [[Meerut district]].{{Sfn|Qasmi|2013|pp=47–48}}<br />
<br />
Between 1955 and 1958, he taught at a senior madrasa in Gomaphulbari, [[Kamrup district]], Assam, where he instructed advanced texts such as ''[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]'' and ''[[Mishkat al-Masabih]]''. He later returned to his alma mater, Madrasa Ihyaul Uloom, [[Mubarakpur, Azamgarh|Mubarakpur]], where he taught Arabic studies until 1970.{{Sfn|Qasmi|2013|pp=48–49}}<ref name="Mashāhīr">{{Cite book|last=Maroofi |first=Muhammad Usman |title=Mashāhīr-e-Pura Maroof|year=1976|publisher=Maktaba Usmania|location=Pura Maroof, Mau district|pages=79–81|chapter=Shaykh al-Ḥadīth, Qārī Maulana Zainul Abideen Sahib|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/MashaheerEPooraMaroofMau/page/n78/mode/1up|language=ur}}</ref><br />
<br />
During this period, in addition to his teaching responsibilities, Azmi also continued his juristic work (iftāʾ) at Madrasa Ihyaul Uloom, Mubarakpur, between 1379&nbsp;AH (1959) and 1385&nbsp;AH (1965).{{Sfn|Azmi|2009|p=414}}<br />
<br />
After spending a year with the [[Tablighi Jamaat]], Azmi joined [[Madrasatul Islah]], Sarai Mir, where he served for nearly eight years as [[Shaykh al-Hadith]]. He also undertook juristic work there during 1392–1393&nbsp;AH (1972–1973).{{Sfn|Qasmi|2013|pp=48–50}}{{Sfn|Azmi|2009|p=414}}<ref name="Mashāhīr" /><br />
<br />
In 1981, he moved to Darul Uloom Chhapi in [[Banaskantha district]], Gujarat, and taught there for five years.{{Sfn|Qasmi|2013|pp=48–50}}<ref name="Mashāhīr" /><br />
<br />
He subsequently served as Shaykh al-Hadith at [[Jamia Mazharul Uloom, Banaras|Jamia Mazaharul Uloom]], Varanasi, for over nine years, retiring from that institution in 1993.{{Sfn|Qasmi|2013|p=51}} Following his retirement, he taught for two years at Darul Uloom Sabeelus Salam, [[Hyderabad]].{{Sfn|Qasmi|2013|pp=51–52}}{{Sfn|Khairabadi|2013|pp=62–63}}<br />
<br />
In 1995, Azmi was appointed head of the newly established Department of Specialisation in Hadith at [[Mazahir Uloom Jadeed]], Saharanpur, a position he held until his death in 2013.{{Sfn|Qasmi|2013|pp=52–53}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saharanpuri |first=Muhammad Shahid |url=https://archive.org/details/Ulamaa-e-Mazahir-ul-Uloom-Saharanpur-107379/Ulamaa-e-Mazahir-ul-Uloom-Saharanpur-107379-WQB/page/n374/mode/1up |title=Ulama-e-Mazahir aur Unki Ilmi o Tasnīfi Khidmāt |publisher=Maktaba Yādgār-e-Shaikh |year=2005 |edition=2nd |volume=1 |location=[[Saharanpur]] |page=374 |language=ur}}</ref><br />
<br />
Under his supervision at Mazahir Uloom Jadeed, Saharanpur, several major research projects were undertaken within the Department of Specialisation in Hadith. These included critical editions of works such as Abdul Ghani al-Azdi's ''al-Mu'talif wa al-Mukhtalif fī Asmā' Naqalat al-Ḥadīth'' and ''Mushtabah al-Nisbah'', completed by postgraduate students of the department.<ref name="Yāsir">{{Cite journal |last=Abdullah |first=Muhammad Yasir |date=September 2016 |editor1-last=Iskander |editor1-first=Abdur Razzaq |title=Uloom-e-Hadīth Mein Ikhtisās: Ahmiyat-o-Zaroorat |trans-title=Specialization in Hadith Sciences: Importance and necessity |url=https://www.banuri.edu.pk/bayyinat-detail/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AB-%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B5-%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA |journal=[[Bayyināt]] |language=ur |location=Banuri Town, Karachi |publisher=[[Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia]] |volume=79 |issue=10 |page=39 |editor1-link=Abdur Razzaq Iskander}}</ref> In addition, the department carried out the critical edition of [[Muhammad al-Rudani|al-Rudani]]'s ''Jam' al-Fawā'id min Jāmi' al-Uṣūl wa Majma' al-Zawā'id'' under his supervision, of which eight volumes have since been published.{{Sfn|Khalili Qasmi|2020|p=741}}<ref name="Yāsir" /><br />
<br />
Among those who benefited from his teaching and scholarly guidance at the Saharanpur seminary were [[Abdullah Maroofi]], Muhammad Husayn ([[Bangladesh]]), Abidur Rahman (Bangladesh), Amanullah ([[Sri Lanka]]), Sagheer Ahmad Pratapgarhi, Khalid Saeed Mubarakpuri, Muawiya Gorakhpuri, Abdul Azeem Balyawi, Tariq Saharanpuri, Shamsur Rahman Mauwi, and Yusuf Gujarati.{{Sfn|Qasmi|2013|pp=53–54}}{{Sfn|Maroofi|2014|p=63}}<br />
<br />
=== Spiritual affiliation ===<br />
In 1953, Azmi entered into a spiritual relationship ([[bay'ah]]) with [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]]. After Madani's death, he later turned to [[Zakariyya Kandhlawi]] for spiritual guidance. In 1406&nbsp;AH (1986), he formally pledged allegiance (bayʿah) to Abdul Jabbar Azmi Maroofi, from whom he was granted authorization ([[khilafah]]) within a short period.{{Sfn|Maroofi|2014|p=20}}{{Sfn|Khairabadi|2013|p=20}}<br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Azmi was married three times. His first marriage took place in Shawwal 1369&nbsp;AH (1960), and his first wife died in 1385&nbsp;AH (1965). He remarried in the same year; his second wife died in 1405&nbsp;AH (1985). In Shaʿban 1406&nbsp;AH (1986), he entered into his third marriage.{{Sfn|Khairabadi|2013|pp=212–216}}<br />
<br />
== Literary works ==<br />
Azmi's works include the following:<ref name="Amini">{{cite journal |editor-last=Amini |editor-first=Noor Alam Khalil|editor-link =Noor Alam Khalil Amini|date=November–December 2013 |title=إلى رحمة الله: الشيخ المحدث زين العابدين القاسمي المعروفي |trans-title=Sheikh Zainul Abideen Qasmi Maroofi: To the Mercy of God |url=https://darululoom-deoband.com/arabic/articles/tmp/1575280109%2016-Ila-Rahmatillah-1-2_1435_3.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715010603fw_/http://darululoom-deoband.com/arabic/magazine/tmp/1385620707fix6sub3file.htm |archive-date=15 July 2014 |journal=[[Al-Daie]] |publisher=Darul Uloom Deoband |volume=38 |issue=1–2 |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://darululoom-deoband.com/urdu/articles/tmp/1491473591%2014-Ek%20Muhaddith%20Gar%20Ki%20Rahlat_MDU_07_08_July%20&%20August_13.htm |title=Ek "Muhaddith-Gar" ki Rehlat|trans-title=The passing of a trainer of Hadith scholars|last=Pratapgarhi |first=Muhammad |date=July–August 2013 |journal=[[Monthly Darul Uloom]] |publisher=Darul Uloom Deoband |issue=7–8 |editor-last=Azami|editor-first=Habibur Rahman|editor-link=Habibur Rahman Azami (scholar, born 1941)|volume=97 |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/Maktaba-Maulana-Zain-ul-Abideen-Maroofi-Azmi-ra/Tazkira-i-Ulama-i-Hind/page/n489/mode/1up |title=Tazkirah-i-ʿUlamaʾ-yi Hind (Urdu translation) |last=Narvi |first=Rahman Ali |publisher=Maktaba Qadiriyya |year=2005 |location=Poora Maroof, Mau |page=489 |language=ur |translator-last=Azmi |translator-first=Zainul Abideen}}</ref><br />
* ''Takmilah Imdād al-Bārī'' (a five-volume supplement to Abdul Jabbar Azmi's commentary on [[Sahih al-Bukhari|Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī]], of which three volumes have been published{{Sfn|Khairabadi|2013|pp=227–228}})<br />
* ''Wafayātu Man Yu'tamad Qawluhu fī al-Jarḥ wa al-Ta'dīl'' (an Arabic compilation and arrangement of biographical notices of early hadith critics mentioned in [[al-Dhahabi]]'s treatise ''Man Yu'tamad Qawluhu fī al-Jarḥ wa al-Ta'dīl'')<br />
* ''Al-Mughnī fī Ḍabṭ al-Asmā' li-Ruwāt al-Anbā'<nowiki/>'' (an edited and annotated Arabic edition of ''Al-Mughnī fī Ḍabṭ al-Asmā' li-Ruwāt al-Anbā''' by Muhammad ibn Tahir Patani)<br />
* ''Risālat al-Awā'il'' (a critical edition and annotated study of ''al-Awā'il'' by Muhammad Sa'īd ibn Sunbul)<br />
* ''A'lām al-Muḥaddithīn'' (a work containing brief biographical sketches of hadith scholars{{Sfn|Khairabadi|2013|p=228}})<br />
* ''Nukhab min Asmā' Rijāl al-Ṣiḥāḥ'' (a concise identification of obscure or ambiguous narrator names found in the [[six canonical hadith collections]]{{Sfn|Khairabadi|2013|p=228}})<br />
* ''Al-Ta'līqāt al-Sunniyya 'alā Sharḥ al-'Aqā'id al-Nasafiyya'' (an Arabic commentary on [[al-Taftazani]]'s ''[[Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya]]'')<br />
* ''Kitāb al-Murtażā wa ghayrah kā 'ilmī iḥtisāb'' (a collection of three critical essays: a scholarly review of [[Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi]]'s ''Al-Murtaḍā''; responses to Shabbir Ahmad Azhar Merathi's objections regarding the Hadith al-Ifk; and corrections of errors in [[Azizur Rahman Bijnori]]'s ''Hayāt Imām A'ẓam Abū Ḥanīfa''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/ilmi-ehtisab-maulana-zainul-abidin-ebooks|title=Kitāb al-Murtażā wa ghayrah kā ʿilmī iḥtisāb by Zainul Abideen Azmi|access-date=15 January 2026|website=[[Rekhta (website)|Rekhta]]|language=en}}</ref>{{Sfn|Khairabadi|2013|pp=228–229}})<br />
* ''Tadhkira-yi 'Ulamā'-yi Hind'' (an Urdu translation of Rahman Ali Narvi's Persian work ''Tadhkira-yi 'Ulamā'-yi Hind'')<br />
* ''Juz' al-Qirā'a al-Masnūna'' (a treatise on prescribed recitations)<br />
* ''Dalā'il al-Umūr al-Sittah wa Yalīhā Dalā'il al-Ḥamiyyah'' (an Arabic compilation of authentic hadiths relating to the six foundational principles of the ''[[Tablighi Jamaat]]''{{Sfn|Khairabadi|2013|pp=229–230}})<br />
* ''Asmā'-e-Ḥusnā se Istifāda'' (also published under the title ''Asmā'-e-Ḥusnā se Bandōn kī Surkhrūī''; a work on deriving spiritual and ethical benefit from the [[Names of God in Islam|Divine Names]]){{Sfn|Khairabadi|2013|p=226}}<br />
* ''<nowiki/>'Aqīda-Nāma'' (a concise Urdu explanatory guide and notes on ''Sharḥ al-'Aqāid al-Nasafiyya''){{Sfn|Khairabadi|2013|pp=231–232}}<br />
* ''<nowiki/>'Adad Aḥādīth Jāmi' al-Tirmidhī ma'a Ḥukm al-Tirmidhī 'Alayhā'' (an Arabic work enumerating the hadiths of [[Jami' al-Tirmidhi]] along with [[al-Tirmidhi]]'s own gradings)<br />
* ''Apnī Bātein'' (an [[autobiography|autobiographical]] work){{Sfn|Khairabadi|2013|p=80}}<br />
* ''<nowiki/>'Arsh-e Ilāhī kā Sāya aur Naẓar-e Ilāhī se Maḥrūmī ke Asbāb'' ({{translation|On the [[Throne of God|Divine Throne]]'s shade and the causes leading to deprivation from divine grace}}){{Sfn|Khairabadi|2013|pp=231–232}}<br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
Azmi died on 28 April 2013 (16 [[Jumada al-Thani|Jumad al-Ukhra]] 1434&nbsp;AH) in [[Kurthi Jafarpur|Poora Maroof]], Mau district, Uttar Pradesh, India.{{Sfn|Qasmi|2013|p=41}}{{Sfn|Maroofi|2014|p=20}} He was survived by his wife, seven daughters, and two sons, Abu Ubaidah Azmi and Abdul Basit Qasmi.{{Sfn|Maroofi|2014|p=20}}<ref name="Amini2">{{cite book |last=Amini |first=Noor Alam Khalil |author-link=Noor Alam Khalil Amini |title=Raftagān-e Nārafta |date=March 2021 |publisher=Idara-e Ilm o Adab |isbn=978-93-5457-133-6 |edition=1st |location=Deoband |page=331 |language=ur |chapter=Maulana Zainul Abideen Qasmi: A brief biographical sketch}}</ref><br />
<br />
His death was noted and condolences were expressed by the [[All India Muslim Majlis-e-Mushawarat]] at its meeting in New Delhi in September 2013.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian Muslims' Mushawarat deliberates on National and International issues |url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/indian-muslims-press-statements/9293-indian-muslims-mushawarat-deliberates-on-national-and-international-issues/ |work=[[The Milli Gazette]] |date=19 September 2013 |access-date=20 January 2026}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
=== Citations ===<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
=== Bibliography ===<br />
* {{Cite journal|editor-last=Azami|editor-first=Habibur Rahman|date=November 2013|editor-link=Habibur Rahman Azami (scholar, born 1941)|last=Qasmi|first=Abdul Basit|title=Ek shamaʿ reh gayi thi, so woh bhi khamosh hai|trans-title=Only one candle remained, and that too has gone out|url=https://archive.org/details/monthly-darul-uloom-deoband-november-2013 |journal=[[Monthly Darul Uloom]]|language=ur|volume=97|issue=11}}<br />
* {{Cite journal |last=Maroofi |first=Ansar Ahmad Qasmi |date=January–March 2014 |title=Maulana Zainul Abideen Azmi Number |url=https://archive.org/details/Maktaba-Maulana-Zain-ul-Abideen-Maroofi-Azmi-ra/Maulana-Zain-ul-Abideen-Azmi-ra-Number-Mujallah-Paigham |journal=Monthly Paigham |location=[[Kurthi Jafarpur|Pura Maroof]], Mau |language=ur |volume=15 |issue=6–8}}<br />
* {{Cite journal |last=Khairabadi |first=Ziaul Haq |date=November 2013 |title=In Memory of Maulana Zainul Abideen Maroofi |url=https://archive.org/details/Maktaba-Maulana-Zain-ul-Abideen-Maroofi-Azmi-ra/Maulana-Zain-ul-Abideen-Maroofi-ra-Number-Mujallah-Siraj-ul-Islam/mode/1up |journal=Sirajul Islam Quarterly |location=Siraj Nagar, Chhapra, [[Mau district]] |language=ur |volume=1 |issue=1}}<br />
* {{Cite book|last=Khalili Qasmi |first=Muhammadullah |author-link=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi|url=https://archive.org/details/darul-uloom-deob-ki-jamey-wa-mukhtasar-tareekh-edition-2|title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Jami' Wa Mukhtasar Tareekh|trans-title=A Comprehensive and Concise History of Darul Uloom Deoband|publisher=Shaikhul Hind Academy |edition=2nd|date=October 2020 |location=India |pages=372–373|language=ur|oclc=1345466013}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{Cite book |last=ar-Raḥmān |first=Fuyūz̤ |title=Mashāhīr ʻulamāʾ |publisher=Frontier Publishing Company |year=1992 |edition=1st |volume=2 |location=Lahore |page=186 |language=ur |chapter=Maulana Qari Zainul Abideen Azmi |oclc=1049273257 |chapter-url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/mashaheer-e-ulama-part-002-qari-fuyuzur-rahman-ebooks#217}}<br />
* {{Cite web |date=18 May 2013 |title=Obituaries |url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/1-community-news/7218-obituaries-indian-muslims-may-2013/ |access-date=16 January 2026 |website=[[The Milli Gazette]] |language=en}}<br />
* {{cite journal |editor1-last=Azmi|editor1-first=Saeed-ur-Rahman|editor2-last=Nadwi|editor2-first=Muhammad Farman|editor1-link=Saeed-ur-Rahman Azmi Nadvi|title=فضيلة الشيخ زين العابدين الأعظمي القاسمي في ذمة الله تعالى|trans-title=Sheikh Zainul Abideen Azmi Qasmi has passed away|url=https://archive.org/details/monthly-al-baas-el-islami-july-2013 |journal=[[Al-Baas El-Islami]]|date=July 2013| volume=59 |issue=1 |publisher=[[Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama]]|location=Lucknow|pages=98–99|language=ar}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Azmi, Zainul Abideen}}<br />
[[Category:1932 births]]<br />
[[Category:2013 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:People from Mau district]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]<br />
[[Category:Hadith scholars]]<br />
[[Category:Deobandis]]<br />
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bajirao_I&diff=456624Bajirao I2026-01-21T16:15:21Z<p>Rockybhai3: minor edit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Peshwa of the Maratha Empire from 1720 to 1740}}<br />
{{pp|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| honorific_prefix = ''[[Peshwa|Shrimant Peshwa]]''<br />
| office = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|33x30px]] 7th [[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Empire]]<br />
| image = Bajirao I painting.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = Portrait of Bajirao I, 18th-19th century<br />
| monarch = [[Shahu I]]<br />
| predecessor = [[Balaji Vishwanath]]<br />
| successor = [[Balaji Bajirao]]<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1700|08|18|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = Dubere, [[Sinnar]], [[Nashik District]]<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1740|04|28|1700|08|18|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = Rawerkhedi, [[Maratha Empire]]<br />
| battles = <br />
| spouse = {{ubl|{{Marriage|[[Kashibai]]|1720}}| {{Marriage|[[Mastani]]|1728}}}}<br />
| relatives = {{unbulleted list |[[Chimaji Appa]] (brother)|[[Bhiubai Joshi]] (sister)|[[Anubai Ghorpade]] (sister)|[[Sadashivrao Bhau|Sadashiv Rao]] (nephew)}}<br />
| children = 5, including [[Balaji Baji Rao]], [[Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)|Shamsher Bahadur]] and [[Raghunath Rao]]<br />
| father = [[Balaji Vishwanath]]<br />
| mother = Radhabai Barve<br />
| term_start = 17 April 1720<br />
| term_end = 28 April 1740<br />
| name = <br />
| birth_name = Bajirao Balal<br />
| signature = Bajirao I signature.png<br />
| military_blank1 = <br />
| military_data1 = {{Infobox military person | embed=yes<br />
| branch = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}} [[Maratha Army]]<br />
| serviceyears = <br />
| serviceyears_label = <br />
| rank = [[Peshwa]]<br />
| unit = Peshwa's [[Cavalry]] <br />
| commands =<br />
| battles_label =<br />
| battles = {{collapsible list|title = {{nobold|''See list''}}|{{tree list}}<br />
** Delhi (1719)<br />
**[[Battle of Shakar Kheda|Shakar Kheda (1724)]]<br />
** Carnatic (1725–26)<br />
** Carnatic (1726–27)<br />
** [[Battle of Palkhed|Palkhed (1728)]]<br />
** [[Battle of Bundelkhand|Bundelkhand (1729)]]<br />
** Malwa (1730)<br />
** [[Luso–Maratha War (1729–1732)]]<br />
** [[Battle of Dabhoi|Dabhoi (1731)]]<br />
** Konkan (1733)<br />
** Delhi (1737) <br />
*** Talkatora (1737)<br />
*** Firozabad (1737)<br />
*** Siege of Attri (1737)<br />
*** Itmadpur (1737)<br />
** [[Battle of Bhopal|Bhopal (1737)]]<br />
** [[Maratha invasion of Deccan (1739)|Deccan (1739)]]<br />
** Bundi (1739)<br />
<br />
{{tree list/end}}<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Bajirao I''' (born '''Visaji''',<ref name=":2">{{cite book |last=Gokhale |first=Sandhya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez4wAQAAIAAJ |title=The Chitpavans: social ascendancy of a creative minority in Maharashtra, 1818–1918 |publisher=Shubhi |year=2008 |isbn=978-8182901322 |page=82}}</ref><ref name="GSC_2005">{{cite book |last=Chhabra |first=G. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkDi6rVbckoC |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India (Volume 1: 1707–1813) |publisher=Lotus Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-8189093068 |edition=Revised |page=19 |orig-year=1971}}</ref> {{IPA|mr|ˈbaːdʑiɾaːʋ bəˈlːaːɭ̆|lang}}; 18 August 1700 – 28 April 1740) was the 7th [[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=New Cambridge History of India |url=http://archive.org/details/the-marathas-1600-1818-cambridge-history-of-india-vol.-2-part-4 |title=The Marathas - Cambridge History of India (Vol. 2, Part 4) |page=114}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan region]], the Nizam of Hyderabad emerged as a significant threat. Bajirao then led a campaign against the Nizam in which Nizam [[Battle of Palkhed|suffered a decisive defeat at Palkheda]]. This victory solidified the Marathas’ authority in the Deccan region. In [[Bundelkhand]], he [[Battle of Bundelkhand|rescued the Bundela ruler Chhatrasal from a Mughal siege]], gaining independence for Bundelkhand. Gratefully, [[Chhatrasal]] granted Bajirao a [[jagir]] and his daughter's hand in marriage.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sardesai |first=Govind Sakharam |url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.1545 |title=New history of the Marathas Vol_2 |date=1946 |pages=85–86}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the 1730s, Bajirao asserted Maratha tax rights in Gujarat, defeating rebel [[Trimbak Rao Dabhade]] in 1731 at [[Battle of Dabhoi]]; he also engaged in a diplomatic mission to persuade Rajput courts for [[chauth]] payments. Further efforts to establish Maratha dominance saw him responsible for the [[#March to Delhi|Battle of Delhi (1737)]] which may be said to mark the pinnacle of his military career.<ref>{{Cite book |last=SUVRATSUT |url=http://archive.org/details/BajiRaoITheGreatPeshwa |title=Baji Rao I The Great Peshwa |date=2018-01-09 |pages=104–105}}</ref> He secured the important territory of [[Malwa]] after defeating the combined forces of Mughal-Nizam-Nawab of Awadh in [[Battle of Bhopal|Battle of Bhopal (1737)]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dighe |first=V. g |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.57399 |title=Peshwa Bajirao I And Maratha Expansion |date=1944 |pages=139–149}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Bajirao's adventurous life has been picturized in Indian cinema and also featured in novels.<ref name="India Today">{{citation |title=Peshwa Bajirao Review: Anuja Sathe shines as Radhabai in the period drama |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/television/story/peshwa-bajirao-review-anuja-sathe-shines-as-radha-bai-in-the-period-drama-lifetv-957061-2017-01-25 |work=[[India Today]] |date=25 January 2017 }}</ref><ref name="review">{{cite web|last=Jha|first=Subhash K|title=Bajirao Mastani review: This gloriously epic Priyanka, Deepika and Ranveer-starrer is the best film of 2015|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/bajirao-mastani-review-this-is-the-best-film-of-2015-2550464.html|publisher=[[Firstpost]]|date=19 October 2015|access-date=19 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NWxRzwEACAAJ|title=Bajirao I An Outstanding Cavalry General|last=Palsokar|first=R. D.|date=1996|publisher=Merven Technologies|isbn=9788193989586|language=en}}</ref> Bajirao had two wives [[Kashibai]] and [[Mastani]]. Bajirao's relationship with his second wife Mastani is a controversial subject; very little is known with certainty about it.<ref name=Mehta05 /><ref name="GSC_2005" /> She was generally referenced cryptically in books, letters or documents from that era.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
[[File:Balaji Vishwanath and his son Bajirao Hunting.png|left|thumb|Bajirao hunting with his father [[Balaji Vishwanath]].]]<br />
Bajirao was born into the [[Bhat family]] in [[Sinnar]], near [[Nashik]]. His father [[Balaji Vishwanath]] was the ''Peshwa'' of [[Shahu I]] and his mother was Radhabai Barve.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Barave (Barve) gharāṇyācā kulavr̥ttānta|last1=Barave|first1=Dinakara Dattātraya|last2=Barve (Barave) Kula Snehasãvardhaka Maṇḍaḷa|date=2007|pages=471|oclc = 824536402}}</ref> Bajirao had a younger brother, [[Chimaji Appa]], and two younger sisters, Anubai and Bhiubai. Anubai was married to Venkatrao Ghorpade (Joshi) of [[Ichalkaranji]] and Bhiubai was married to Abaji Naik Joshi of [[Baramati]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sardesai |first=Govind Sakharam |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32142/page/n71/mode/2up?view=theater |title=New History of Marathas |publisher=Phoenix Publications |year=1946 |volume=2 |pages=60}}</ref><br />
<br />
Being born in a Brahmin family, his education included reading, writing and learning [[Sanskrit]] however, he did not remain confined to his books. Bajirao displayed a passion for the military at an early age and often accompanied his father on military campaigns.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dighe |first=V.G. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.4317/page/n17/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Peshwa Bajirao I and Maratha Expansion |publisher=Karnatak Publishing House |year=1944 |edition=1 |pages=4}}</ref> He was with his father when his father was imprisoned by [[Damaji Thorat]] before being released for a ransom.<ref name="GSC_2005" /> Bajirao had been on the expedition to Delhi in 1719 with his father and was convinced the [[Mughal Empire]] was disintegrating and would be unable to resist northward Maratha expansion.<ref name="Gordon 1993 114">{{Cite book|last=Gordon|first=Stewart|title=The New Cambridge History of India|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://archive.org/stream/iB_in/2-4#page/n129/mode/2up|year=1993|pages=114}}</ref> When [[Balaji Vishwanath]] died in 1720, [[Shahu I|Shahu]] appointed the 20-year-old Bajirao as Peshwa despite opposition from other chieftains.<ref>{{cite book |first=Shripad Rama |last=Sharma |title=The Making of Modern India: From A. D. 1526 to the Present Day |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oAUdAAAAMAAJ |year=1951 |publisher=Orient Longmans |page=239 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Bajirao's first wife was [[Kashibai]], the daughter of Mahadji Krishna Joshi and Bhawanibai of [[Chas, Khed|Chas]] (a wealthy banking family).<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez4wAQAAIAAJ&q=kashibai | title=The Chitpavans: social ascendancy of a creative minority in Maharashtra, 1818–1918 | publisher=Sandhya Gokhale | first=Sandhya | last=Gokhale | year=2008 | page=82 | isbn=978-8182901322}}</ref> Bajirao always treated his wife Kashibai with love and respect.<ref name="Mishra" /> Their relationship was healthy and happy.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: 1707–1813 |year=2005 |publisher=New Dawn Press |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-1932705546 |page=124}}</ref><ref name="Mishra">{{cite news|last1=Mishra|first1=Garima|title=Tracing Kashibai: The 'first' lady from Bhansali's Bajirao Mastani|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/kashibai-the-first-lady/|access-date=30 July 2017|work=The Indian Express|date=3 January 2016}}</ref> They had four sons: [[Balaji Baji Rao|Balaji Bajirao]] (also called Nanasaheb), Ramachandra Rao, [[Raghunath Rao]] and Janardhan Rao, who died at an early age.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qWbaAAAAMAAJ |title=Begams, concubines, and memsahibs |first=B. P. |last=Saha |publisher=Vikas |year=1997 |page=88 |isbn=978-8125902850 }}</ref> Nanasaheb was appointed Peshwa by Shahu in 1740, succeeding his father.<br />
<br />
Bajirao took Mastani as his wife, the daughter of [[Rajput]] king [[Chhatrasal]], born from his [[Islam|Muslim]] concubine.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Jaswant Lal Mehta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813|date=2005|page=108|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-1932705546|language=en}}</ref> The relationship was a political one, arranged to please Chhatrasal.<ref name="Mehta05" /> Mastani had a son, [[Shamsher Bahadur I (Krishna Rao)|Krishna Rao]], in 1734. Since his mother was Muslim, Hindu priests refused to conduct the [[upanayana]] ceremony and he became known as Shamsher Bahadur.<ref name="GSC_2005" /> After the deaths of Bajirao and Mastani in 1740, Kashibai raised six-year-old Shamsher Bahadur as her own. Shamsher received a portion of his father's dominion of [[Banda, Uttar Pradesh|Banda]] and [[Kalpi]]. In 1761, he and his army fought alongside the Peshwa in the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] between the Marathas and the [[Pashtuns|Afghans]]. Wounded in the battle, Shamsher died several days later in [[Deeg]].<ref name="Chid_1951">{{cite book |first=Chidambaram S. |last=Srinivasachari |title=The Inwardness of British Annexations in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E0bRAAAAMAAJ |year=1951 |publisher=University of Madras |page=219 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=Rosemary |last1=Crill |first2=Kapil |last2=Jariwala |title=The Indian Portrait, 1560–1860 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ongF6dkNKAcC&pg=PA162 |year=2010 |publisher=Mapin Publishing Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-8189995379 |page=162 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Bajirao moved his base of operations from [[Saswad]] to Pune in 1728, laying the foundation for the transformation of the [[kasbah|kasba]] into a large city.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kosambi|first1=Meera|title=Glory of Peshwa Pune|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|year=1989|volume=24|issue=5|page=247}}</ref> He began the construction of [[Shaniwar Wada]] on 10 January 1730.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khare |first=Ganesh Hari |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.mgs-cis.shaniwarwada/page/n11/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Shaniwarwada |year=1949 |edition=1 |location=Pune |pages=8 |language=Marathi}}</ref>[[File:Bajirao's handwriting.jpg|alt=Stone fortress, with people in front for scale|right|thumb|Bajirao I's handwriting in [[Modi script]].]]<br />
Bajirao was appointed Peshwa, succeeding his father, by Shahu on 17 April 1720. By the time of his appointment, the [[Mughal emperors|Mughal emperor]] [[Muhammad Shah]] had upheld Maratha claims to the territories held by [[Shivaji]] at his death. A treaty gave the Marathas the right to collect taxes ([[chauth]]) in the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]]'s six [[subah|provinces]].<ref name="Mehta 492-494">{{cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: 1707–1813 |year=2005 |publisher=New Dawn Press |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-1932705546 |pages=492–494}}</ref> Bajirao convinced Shahu that the Maratha Empire had to go on the offensive against its enemies to defend itself.<ref name="G.S.Chhabra2005">{{cite book |last=Chhabra |first=G. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkDi6rVbckoC |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India (Volume 1: 1707–1813) |publisher=Lotus Press |year=2005 |edition=Revised |orig-year=1971 |isbn=978-8189093068 |page=20}}</ref> He believed the Mughal Empire was in decline, and wanted to take advantage of the situation with aggressive expansion into [[North India]]. Bajirao compared the Mughals' declining fortune to a tree which, if attacked at its roots, would collapse. He is reported to have said:<br />
{{Blockquote<br />
|text=Let us strike at the trunk of the withering tree and the branches will fall off themselves. Listen but to my counsel and I shall plant the Maratha flag on the walls of [[Attock]].<ref name="Sen2006">{{cite book|first=S. N. |last=Sen|title=History Modern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ga-pmgxsWwoC&pg=PA11|year=2006|publisher=New Age International|isbn=978-8122417746|page=11}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
As a new Peshwa, however, he faced several challenges.<ref name="GSC_2005" /> Bajirao promoted young men like himself, such as [[Malhar Rao Holkar]], [[Ranoji Shinde]], the Pawar brothers and Fateh Singh Bhosle, as commanders; these men did not belong to families who were hereditary [[Deshmukh]]s in the [[Deccan sultanates]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gordon |first1=Stewart |title=The Marathas 1600–1818 |year=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge [u.a.] |isbn=978-0521033169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C |pages=117–121}}</ref><br />
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The Mughal viceroy of the [[Deccan]], [[Asaf Jah I]], [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], had created a ''de facto'' autonomous kingdom in the region. He challenged Shahu 's right to collect taxes<ref name="SG_1993">{{cite book |last1=Gordon |first1=Stewart |title=The Marathas 1600–1818 |year=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge [u.a.] |isbn=978-0521033169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C |pages=120–131}}</ref> on the pretext that he did not know whether Shahu or his cousin, [[Sambhaji I of Kolhapur|Sambhaji II]] of [[Kolhapur]], was the rightful heir to the Maratha throne.<ref name="GSC_2005" /> The Marathas needed to assert their rights over the nobles of newly acquired territories in [[Malwa]] and [[Gujarat]].<ref name="GSC_2005" /> Several nominally-Maratha areas were not actually under the Peshwa's control; for example, the [[Siddi]]s controlled the [[Murud-Janjira|Janjira]] fort.<ref name="GSC_2005" /><br />
<br />
== Military campaigns and wars ==<br />
=== The Nizam ===<br />
{{Main|Battle of Palkhed|}}<br />
[[File:Peshwa Bajirao vs Nizam-ul-Mulk movements in Palkhed Campaign.png|thumb|alt=Colour-coded map|Troop movements of Bajirao I and Asaf Jah I (Nizam-ul-Mulk) in the Battle of Palkhed]]<br />
At the outset of Bajirao's Peshwa rule, the Mughal leaders, led by Nizam-ul-Mulk, rebelled against the Sayyid Brothers. To quell the uprising, the Sayyid brothers sought assistance from the Marathas. However, in the [[Battle of Balapur]], where Bajirao, Malhar Rao Holkar, and Khanderao Dabhade were present, the combined forces of the Sayyid Brothers and the Marathas were defeated by the Nizam's forces. Sankarji Malhar was captured as a prisoner of war, marking Bajirao's first significant military engagement as Peshwa.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Lobato |first=Alexandre |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=exF0vgAACAAJ |title=Relações luso-maratas, 1658-1737 |date=1965 |publisher=Centro de Estudos Históricos Ultramarinos |page=126 |language=pt}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 4 January 1721, Bajirao met [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] at [[Chikhalthan]]a to resolve their disputes. However, the Nizam refused to recognize the Maratha right to collect taxes from the Deccan provinces.<ref name="GSC_2005" /> He was made [[vizier]] of the Mughal Empire in 1721 by emperor [[Muhammad Shah]], who, alarmed at his increasing power, transferred him from the Deccan to [[Awadh]] in 1723. The Nizam rebelled against the order, resigned as vizier and marched towards the Deccan. The emperor sent an army against him, which the Nizam defeated at the [[Battle of Shakar Kheda|Battle of Sakhar-kheda]]; this forced the emperor to recognise him as viceroy of the Deccan. The Marathas, led by Bajirao, helped the Nizam win this battle. For his valor, Bajirao was honored with a robe, a 7,000-man [[mansabdari]], an elephant, and a jewel. After the battle, the Nizam tried to appease the Maratha [[Chhatrapati]] Shahu and the Mughal emperor; in reality, however, he wanted to carve out a sovereign kingdom and considered the Marathas his rivals in the Deccan.<ref name="PVK_1987">{{cite book |first=P. V. |last=Kate |title=Marathwada Under the Nizams, 1724–1948 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tjndiykddsIC&pg=PA11 |year=1987 |publisher=Mittal |isbn=978-8170990178 |pages=11–13}}</ref><br />
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In 1725, the Nizam sent an army to clear Maratha revenue collectors from the [[Carnatic region]]. The Marathas dispatched a force under Fateh Singh Bhosle to counter him; Bajirao accompanied Bhosle, but according to [[Stewart N. Gordon|Stewart Gordon]], Bajirao did not command the army. According to [[Govind Sakharam Sardesai]], Bajirao personally led the campaign under Shahu's command. In contrast, [[Stewart N. Gordon|Stewart Gordon]]'s account suggests that Bajirao was present during the campaign but did not assume command.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sardesai |first=Govind Sakharam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JsxljwEACAAJ |title=New History of the Marathas: (2. Impr.) : Vol. 1-3 |date=1957 |pages=88 (vol2) |language=en}}</ref><br />
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In the Deccan, [[Sambhaji I of Kolhapur|Sambhaji II]] of [[Kolhapur State]] had become a rival claimant to the title of Maratha King. The Nizam took advantage of the internal dispute, refusing to pay the chauth because it was unclear who was the real Chhatrapati (Shahu or Sambhaji II) and offering to [[Arbitration|arbitrate]]. [[Shripatrao Pant Pratinidhi]] advised Shahu to begin negotiations and agree to arbitration. Sambhaji II was supported by Chandrasen Jadhav, who had fought Bajirao's father a decade earlier. Bajirao convinced Shahu to refuse the Nizam's offer and instead launch an assault.<ref name="SG_1993" /><br />
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The Nizam invaded [[Pune]], where he installed Sambhaji II as the King. He then marched out of the city, leaving behind a contingent headed by Fazal Beg.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} The Nizam plundered [[Loni, Ahmednagar|Loni]], [[Pargaon Sudrik|Pargaon]], Patas, [[Supa, Parner|Supa]] and [[Baramati]], using his artillery.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} On 27 August 1727, Bajirao began a retaliatory [[guerrilla warfare|guerilla]] attack on the Nizam with his trusted lieutenants [[Malhar Rao Holkar]], [[Ranoji Scindia|Ranoji Shinde]] and the Pawar brothers.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} He began to destroy the towns held by the Nizam; leaving Pune, he crossed the [[Godavari River]] near [[Puntamba]] and plundered [[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]] and [[Sindkhed Raja|Sindkhed]]. Bajirao destroyed [[Berar Province|Berar]], [[Mahur, Maharashtra|Mahur]], [[Mangrulpir]] and [[Washim]] before turning north-west to [[Khandesh]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} He crossed the [[Tapti River|Tapi River]] at [[Kukarmunda|Kokarmunda]] and entered eastern [[Gujarat]], reaching [[Chhota Udaipur|Chota Udaipur]] in January 1728.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} After hearing that the Nizam had returned to Pune, Bajirao feinted toward [[Burhanpur]]; he thought that after hearing about the threat to the strategically important Burhanpur, the Nizam would try to save it. Bajirao did not enter Burhanpur, however, arriving at [[Betawad]] in Khandesh on 14 February 1728.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} When the Nizam heard that his northern territories had been devastated by Bajirao, he left Pune and marched towards the Godavari to meet Bajirao on an open plain where his artillery would be effective. The Nizam went on ahead of his artillery; on 25 February 1728, the armies of Bajirao and the Nizam faced each other at Palkhed, a town about {{convert|30|mi}} west of [[Aurangabad]]. The Nizam was quickly surrounded by Maratha forces and trapped, his lines of supply and communication were cut. He was forced to make peace; he signed the [[Treaty of Mungi-Shevgaon|Treaty of Mungi Shevgaon]] on 6 March, recognising Shahu as the King and the Maratha right to collect taxes in the Deccan.<ref name="GSC_2005"/><br />
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This event is considered as an example of brilliant execution of military strategy.<ref name=Mehta05>{{cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: 1707–1813 |year=2005 |publisher=New Dawn Press |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-1932705546 |pages=97, 215}}</ref> In his ''Military History of India'', [[Jadunath Sarkar]] wrote:"This campaign gives a classic example of what the predatory horse, when led by a genius, could achieve in the age of light artillery."<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath|title=Military History of India|publisher=M. C. Sarkar and Sons|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.21517/page/n153/mode/2up|year=1960|page=143}}</ref><br />
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=== Bundelkhand ===<br />
[[File:Baji Rao I.png|thumb|Bajirao I riding a horse into battle c.1720–1740]]<br />
{{Main|Battle of Bundelkhand}}<br />
<br />
In [[Bundelkhand]], [[Chhatrasal]] rebelled against the Mughal Empire and established an independent kingdom. In December 1728, a Mughal force led by [[Muhammad Khan Bangash]] attacked him and besieged his fort and family. Although Chhatrasal repeatedly sought Bajirao's assistance, he was busy in Malwa at the time. He compared his dire situation to that of [[Gajendra Moksha]]. In his letter to Bajirao, Chhatrasal wrote the following words:<br />
{{Blockquote<br />
|text= Know you, that I am in the same sad plight in which the famous elephant was when caught by the crocodile. My valiant race is on point of extinction. Come and save my honour, O Baji Rao.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sardesai |first=Govind Sakharam |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32142/ |title=New History of the Marathas: The expansion of the Maratha power, 1707–1772 |date=1946 |publisher=Phoenix Publications |pages=106}}</ref><br />
}} In March 1729, the Peshwa responded to Chhatrasal's request and marched towards Bundelkhand with 25,000 horsemen and his lieutenants Pilaji Jadhav, Tukoji Pawar, [[Naro Shankaraji Gandekar|Naro Shankar]], and Davalji Somwanshi. Bangash was later forced to leave, signing an agreement that "he would never attack Bundelkhand again".{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} Chhatrasal's position as ruler of Bundelkhand was restored. He granted a large [[jagir]] to Bajirao, and gave him his daughter Mastani. Before Chhatrasal's death in December 1731, he ceded one-third of his territories to the Marathas.<ref name="GSC_2005" /><br />
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=== The Portuguese ===<br />
{{Main|Luso–Maratha War (1729–1732)|Battle of Vasai}}<br />
<br />
The Luso–Maratha War of 1729–1732 was an armed conflict between the Portuguese Empire and the Maratha Confederacy, who invaded Portuguese territory in India. This conflict resulted in a Portuguese victory. The Marathas withdrew from Portuguese territory.{{sfn|Lobato|1965|p=126}} Nevertheless, Bajirao planned to resume hostilities against the Portuguese with an attack on [[Salsette Island|Salcette Island]] on 13 March 1733.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Thakare |first= Mayur|date= 22 March 2011|title= The Two Fateful Years 1737 to 1739 AD Understanding the Defence and Settlement Pattern of the Portuguese Province of the North during Maratha Portuguese War Campaign<br />
|url= https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/223296|degree= |publisher= Deccan College Post Graduate And Research Institute|docket= |oclc= |access-date=|chapter = 3|page = 75|hdl= 10603/223296}}</ref> Peace would prove to be short, as five years later the Marathas would again invade Portuguese territory and attack Bassein.{{sfn|Lobato|1965|p=126}}<br />
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===Gujarat===<br />
{{Main|Battle of Dabhoi}}<br />
<br />
After consolidating Maratha influence in central India, Bajirao decided to assert the Maratha right to collect taxes from the wealthy province of [[Gujarat]] and sent a Maratha force under [[Chimaji Appa]] there in 1730. Sarbuland Khan, the province's Mughal governor, ceded the right to collect chauth to the Marathas. He was soon replaced by Abhay Singh, who also recognized the Maratha right to collect taxes. This irked [[Shahu I|Shahu's]] [[senapati]] (commander-in-chief), [[Trimbak Rao Dabhade]], whose [[Dabhade|ancestors]] had raided Gujarat several times and asserted their right to collect taxes from the province. Annoyed at Bajirao's control of what he considered his family's sphere of influence, he rebelled against the Peshwa.<ref>{{cite book |last=Chhabra |first=G. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkDi6rVbckoC |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India (Volume 1: 1707–1813) |publisher=Lotus Press |year=2005 |edition=Revised |orig-year=1971 |isbn=978-8189093068 |page=22}}</ref> Two other Maratha nobles from Gujarat, [[Damaji Rao Gaekwad]] and Kadam Bande, also sided with Dabhade.<ref name="SG_1993" /><br />
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After Girdhar Bahadur's defeat in 1728, the Mughal emperor had appointed [[Jai Singh II]] to subdue the Marathas. Jai Singh recommended a peaceful agreement; the emperor disagreed, replacing him with [[Muhammad Khan Bangash]]. Bangash formed an alliance with the Nizam, Trimbak Rao and Sambhaji II. Bajirao learned that Dabhade and Gaikwad had made preparations for an open fight on the plain of Dabhoi with a force of 40 thousand, while Bajirao's numbers hardly reached 25 thousand in all. Bajirao repeatedly sent messages to Dabhade to solve the dispute amicably in the presence of Shahu.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} Bajirao resolved the dispute with Sambhaji II on 13 April by signing the Treaty of Warna, which demarcated the territories of Shahu and Sambhaji II. The Nizam met Bajirao at Rohe-Rameshwar on 27 December 1732, and promised not to interfere with Maratha expeditions.<ref name="GSC_2005" /><br />
<br />
Shahu and Bajirao avoided a rivalry with the powerful Dabhade clan after subduing Trimbak Rao; Trimbak's son, Yashwant Rao, was appointed as Shahu's senapati. The Dabhade clan were allowed to continue collecting chauth from Gujarat if they deposited half the revenue in Shahu's treasury.<ref name="GSC_2005" /><br />
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===Siddis===<br />
The [[Siddi]]s of [[Janjira State|Janjira]] controlled a small, strategically important territory on India's west coast. Although they originally held only the Janjira fort, after Shivaji's death they expanded their rule to a large part of central and northern [[Konkan]].<ref name="SG_1993" /> After the death of Siddi chief [[Yakut Khan]] in 1733, a war of succession broke out among his sons; one, Abdul Rehman, asked Bajirao for help. Bajirao sent a Maratha force led by Sekhoji Angre, son of [[Kanhoji Angre]]. The Marathas regained control of several portions of the Konkan, and besieged Janjira. Their strength was diverted after Peshwa's rival, Pant Pratinidhi, occupied [[Raigad Fort]] (near Janjira) in June 1733. Sekhoji Angre died in August (further weakening the Maratha position), and Bajirao signed a peace treaty with the Siddis. He allowed the Siddis to retain control of Janjira if they accepted Abdul Rehman as the ruler; they were also allowed to retain control of [[Anjanvel]], [[Gowalkot]] and [[Underi]]. The Marathas retained Raigad, [[Rewas]], Thal and [[Chaul]].<ref name="GSC_2005" /><br />
<br />
The Siddis launched an offensive to regain their lost territories soon after the Peshwa returned to [[Satara (city)|Satara]], then Bajirao dispatched a force to prevent them from taking over Raigad Fort in June 1734. Chimnaji made a surprise attack on a Siddi camp near Rewas on 19 April 1736, killing about 1,500 (including their leader, Siddi Sat). In June 1736, Bajirao dispatched a force under Yesaji Gaikwad, Dhanaji Thorat and Sidoji Barge to gain the control territories like [[Gowalkot]]. On 25 September of that year, the Siddis signed a peace treaty which confined them to Janjira, Gowalkot and Anjanvel.<ref name="GSC_2005" /><br />
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=== Rajputana ===<br />
{{Main|Battle of Mandsaur}}<br />
[[File:Painting of Malhar Rao Holkar (alt. spelt as 'Malharrao Holkar) and Peshwa Bajirao I seated together, circa 18th century.jpg|thumb|Bajirao and [[Malhar Rao Holkar]] c.18th century ]]<br />
With Shahu's consent, Bajirao began a northward journey on 9 October 1735. Accompanied by his wife, [[Kashibai]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/ |title=Fall Of The Mughal Empire |publisher=Longman Group |year=1964 |volume=1 |page=161}}</ref> he intended to visit [[Rajput]] courts and persuade them to pay chauth. Bajirao arrived at [[Mewar]]'s southern frontier in January 1736, where Rana [[Jagat Singh II]] had made arrangements for his visit.<ref name="sarkar162">{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/ |title=Fall Of The Mughal Empire |publisher=Longman Group |year=1964 |volume=1 |page=162}}</ref><br />
<br />
Diplomatic talks got underway. Bajirao also visited [[Jag Mandir|Jagmandir Palace]], in the centre of [[Lake Pichola|Pichola Lake]] (at Rana Jagat Singh's invitation), and [[Shrinathji Temple|Nath-Dwara]]. After resolving matters in Mewar, Bajirao advanced towards [[Jaipur]]. [[Sawai Jai Singh|Jai Singh]] hastened south with his forces, and they met in Bhambholao (near [[Kishangarh]]).<ref name="sarkar162" /><br />
<br />
Their meeting lasted for several days, with talks about chauth and the cession of Malwa from the [[Mughal Emperor]]. Bajirao then returned to the Deccan. The emperor did not agree to his demands, however, and he planned to march on Delhi to force him to agree.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/ |title=Fall Of The Mughal Empire |publisher=Longman Group |year=1964 |volume=1 |pages=163–164, 168}}</ref><br />
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=== March to Delhi ===<br />
[[File:Bajirao Peshwa Statue, Pune.jpg|thumb|Equestrian statue of Peshwa Bajirao I outside Shaniwar Wada, [[Pune]]]]<br />
After the death of Trimbak Rao, Bangash's alliance against the Marathas fell apart. The Mughal emperor recalled him from Malwa, and re-appointed Jai Singh II as the governor of Malwa. However, the Maratha chief Holkar defeated Jai Singh in the 1733 [[Battle of Mandsaur]]. After two more battles, the Mughals decided to offer the Marathas the right to collect the equivalent of {{INR}}22 [[lakh]] in chauth from Malwa. On 4 March 1736, Bajirao and Jai Singh reached an agreement at [[Kishangarh|Kishangad]]. Jai Singh convinced the emperor to agree to the plan, and Bajirao was appointed deputy governor of the region. Jai Singh is believed to have secretly informed Bajirao that it was a good time to subdue the weakening Mughal emperor.<ref name="GSC_2005" /><br />
<br />
Learning of the advancing Maratha army, the Mughal emperor asked [[Saadat Ali Khan I]] to march from [[Agra]] and check the advance. The Maratha chiefs Malhar Rao Holkar, Vithoji Bule and Pilaji Jadhav crossed [[Yamuna]] and plundered the Mughal territories in the [[Doab#The Doab|Doab]]. Saadat Khan led a force of 150,000, defeated them at Jalesar, and retired to [[Mathura]]. Malhar Rao Holkar rejoined Bajirao's army near [[Gwalior]]. Samsam-ud-Daulah, Mir Bakshi and Muhammad Khan Bangash invited Saadat Ali Khan to a banquet in Samsam-ud-Daulah's tent in Mathura, thinking that the Marathas had retreated to the Deccan. During the feast, they learnt Bajirao had slipped along the [[Jat people|Jat]] and [[Mewat]]i [[Aravalli Range|hill route]] (avoiding the direct Agra-Delhi route) and was at Delhi. The Mughal commanders left the feast and began a hasty return to capital.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Irvine|first=William|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.280772/mode/2up|title=Later Mughals|publisher=Oriental Books Reprint Corporation|volume=2|pages=288}}</ref> The Mughal emperor dispatched a force, led by Mir Hasan Khan Koka, to check Bajirao's advance. The Marathas defeated his force on 28 March 1737 in outskirts of Delhi at Rikabganj. When the news of the defeat of the Mughal troops by the Marathas spread, a sudden fear seized the citizens of Delhi who expected the attack of the Maratha conqueror any moment. But Baji Rao did not proceed with his victory although he could have taken the city unopposed. He had received intelligence that the Vazir with his army was coming towards Delhi in rapid marches when he heard that Baji Rao was before the gates of the capital. The Peshwa realised that any further stay in the city would greatly imperil his position and endanger the lines of communication with the Maratha mainland. He was content with the imperial offer of the Viceroyalty of Malwa. He, therefore, left Delhi with his soldiers towards the south.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Srinivasan |first=C. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z0E_AAAAMAAJ |title=Baji Rao I, the Great Peshwa |date=1961 |publisher=Asia Publishing House |page=104 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="GSC_2005" /> During his way back he encountered the [[List of Mughal grand viziers|Mughal Vizier]] [[Itimad-ad-Daula, Qamar-ud-Din Khan|Qamar-ud Din Khan]] at [[Badshahpur]]. After a long and tiring march following a heavy engagement, the Peshwa was in no mood to attack the Vazir. Neither could the Vazir array his forces for battle, as his artillery and a part of his men were yet on the road. There was a brush between the two forces in the failing light of the day; one elephant and a few horses were seized by the Marathas with the loss of 30 men at their side.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dighe |first=V. g |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.57399 |title=Peshwa Bajirao I And Maratha Expansion |date=1944 |page=136}}</ref> Afterwards, they moved another eight miles before encamping for the night. Finding himself heavily outnumbered to the Wazir's army and possibility of reinforcement from the other Mughal nobles he made a decision to quickly retreat from Badshahpur during early night. Passing through Rajputana Bajirao reached Narnol and then Ajmer. The Mughals could not pursue the Marathas and the Emperor had recalled them to Delhi. The Rajput princes once again affirmed their loyalty to the Peshwa and solicited his protection.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Hari Ram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TmU9AAAAMAAJ |title=Marathas and Panipat |date=1961 |publisher=Panjab University |pages=335 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Malik |first=Zahiruddin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S8W3AAAAIAAJ |title=The Reign of Muhammad Shah, 1719-1748 |date=1977 |publisher=Asia Publishing House |isbn=978-0-210-40598-7 |pages=132–133 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
This event caused great consternation and dismay in the capital. Although the Peshwa left the city suddenly, he exposed the weakness of the government. The demoralizing effect which the Peshwa's surprise attack produced on the army and the citizens of Delhi was permanent.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zahiruddin Malik |url=http://archive.org/details/a-mughal-statement-of-18th-century |title=A Mughal Statement Of 18th Century |date=1973 |page=78 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Battle of Bhopal===<br />
{{Main|Battle of Bhopal}}<br />
<br />
Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah sought help from the Nizam after Bajirao's march to Delhi; the Nizam set out from the Deccan, met Bajirao's returning force at [[Sironj]], and told the Peshwa he was going to Delhi to repair his relationship with the Mughal emperor. The Nizam was joined by other Mughal chiefs, and a 30,000-man Mughal army (reinforced by artillery), was dispatched against Bajirao. The Peshwa assembled an 80,000-man force. To counter aid to the Nizam from the Deccan, Bajirao stationed a force of 10,000 (under Chimaji Appa) on the [[Tapti River]] with instructions to prevent [[Nasir Jung]] from advancing beyond [[Burhanpur]]. He and his forces crossed the Narmada in early December 1737, communicating with agents and spies posted to observe enemy moves. The Nizam sheltered in [[Bhopal]], a fortified town with a lake at his rear, to keep his army and artillery secure.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Malik |first=Zahiruddin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S8W3AAAAIAAJ |title=The Reign of Muhammad Shah, 1719-1748 |date=1977 |publisher=Asia Publishing House |isbn=978-0-210-40598-7 |pages=133 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Nizam, unable to hold out any longer, signed a [[Treaty of Bhopal|peace agreement]] at [[Doraha, Sehore|Doraha]] on 7 January 1738.<ref>{{cite book | title = Madhya Pradesh Through the Ages | first1=S. R. |last1=Bakshi |first2=O. P. |last2=Ralhan | publisher = Sarup & Sons | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-8176258067 | page = 384 }}</ref> Malwa was ceded to the Marathas; the Mughals agreed to pay the equivalent of {{INR}}5,000,000 in [[war reparations|reparations]], with the Nizam swearing on the [[Quran]] to abide by the treaty.<ref name="GSC_2005" /><br />
<br />
=== Deccan ===<br />
{{Main|Maratha invasion of Deccan (1739)}}<br />
Between 1738 and 1740, [[Nader Shah]] [[Nader Shah's invasion of India|launched an invasion]] of India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Axworthy |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AaSmDwAAQBAJ |title=Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from Tribal Warrior to Conquering Tyrant |date=24 March 2010 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-85773-347-4 |pages=177–187 |language=en}}</ref> In response to this threat, [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Muhammad Shah]] summoned the Nizam of Hyderabad, Asaf Jah, to [[Delhi]]. Accepting the emperor's request, Asaf Jah mobilized his army and marched to Delhi in a bid to resist the invasion.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Malik |first=Zahiruddin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S8W3AAAAIAAJ |title=The Reign of Muhammad Shah, 1719-1748 |date=1977 |publisher=Asia Publishing House |isbn=978-0-210-40598-7 |pages=170–180 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dunbar |first=Sir George |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FKw5AQAAIAAJ |title=India and the Passing of Empire |date=1951 |publisher=Nicholson & Watson |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the absence of the Nizam, Bajirao launched an attack on [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] with the aim of capturing the six provinces of [[Deccan]]. Having already secured [[Malwa]] through the [[Battle of Bhopal]] from [[Sawai Jai Singh|Jai Singh II]], Bajirao sought to expand Maratha influence by targeting Hyderabad in the absence of the Nizam.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatt |first=Rajendra Shankar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HVhuAAAAMAAJ |title=Sawai Jai Singh |date=2005 |publisher=National Book Trust, India |isbn=978-81-237-4418-6 |pages=70–75 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> In December 1739, Bajirao led a formidable force of 50,000 horse and foot soldiers towards Hyderabad. Nasir Jung, having received intelligence about the Marathas' intent to capture the Deccan in the absence of his father, mobilized 10,000 soldiers and marched against Bajirao. The Battle ensued after both parties crossed the [[Godavari River]].<ref name=":1.1">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggduAAAAMAAJ |title=A Comprehensive History of India: 1712-1772, edited by A. C. Banerjee and D. K. Ghase |date=1978 |publisher=People's Publishing House |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the ensuing battle, according to some sources, Bajirao suffered defeat, and his army was compelled to make a humiliating peace treaty, marking a significant setback for the Maratha forces.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Cheema |first=G. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_RtAAAAMAAJ |title=The Forgotten Mughals: A History of the Later Emperors of the House of Babar, 1707-1857 |date=2002 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-7304-416-8 |pages=176 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> However, based on alternative accounts, Bajirao attempted to alleviate his sorrow through engaging in wartime activities. When his request for additional territories from the Nizam to establish a northern route was unsuccessful, he laid siege to Nasir Jang, the Nizam's son, in the Aurangabad fort, ultimately forcing him to relinquish the districts of Nemad and Khargon.<ref>{{Cite book |last=G.S.Chhabra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkDi6rVbckoC |title=Advance Study in the History of Modern India (Volume-1: 1707-1803) |date=2005 |publisher=Lotus Press |isbn=978-81-89093-06-8 |pages=28 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
According to some historical sources, Peshwa Bajirao's last battle took place in Rawarkhedi, Madhya Pradesh in 1739, against [[Nasir Jung]], the Nizam's son. Nasir Jung lost the battle and escaped.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Venkatesh |first=Tanish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BSs8EAAAQBAJ&q=bajirao+nasir+jung |title=Maratha Samrajya: Rise of a New Empire |date=2 August 2021 |publisher=Nation Press |isbn=9781638736653 |language=English |chapter=Chapter 9: The Lion's Fort}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Joglekar |first=Anagha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vdJwDwAAQBAJ&q=bajirao+nasir+jung |title=Bajiraw Peshwa: The Insurmountable Warrior |date=25 September 2018 |publisher=Prerna Publication |isbn=9789387463103 |pages=101 |language=English |chapter=Chapter 14: THE LIFE OF PESHWA BAJIRAO}}</ref> Nasir sued for peace and an agreement was signed between Bajirao and Nasir. According to which, Marathas were deprived of their authority to collect chauth from the six provinces of Deccan, Bajirao promised to not invade the Deccan again. [[Khargone]] and [[Handia, Madhya Pradesh|Handia]], previously promised by the Nizam, were formally ceded to the Maratha Empire.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
This marked the final military engagement for Bajirao, as he died in April 1740 following the conclusion of this conflict.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Srinivasan |first=C. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z0E_AAAAMAAJ |title=Baji Rao I, the Great Peshwa |date=1961 |publisher=Asia Publishing House |pages=128 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Battle tactics, character and legacy ==<br />
<br />
[[File:बाजीराव पेशवे यांच्या राजमुद्रेची प्रतिकृती शनिवारवाडा पुणे.jpg|thumb|Seal of Bajirao I]]<br />
[[File:Shaniwar wada inner.jpg|alt=Stone fortress, with people in front for scale|thumb|The [[Shaniwar Wada]] fortress in [[Pune]] was built as the seat of the Peshwa rulers during Bajirao's reign.]]<br />
Bajirao was known for rapid tactical movements in battle, using cavalry.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The First Anglo-Maratha War, 1774–1783: A Military Study of Major Battles|last=Kantak|first=M.R.|publisher=Popular Prakashan Pvt Ltd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cdXnVOKKkssC&pg=PA12|year=1993|isbn=978-8171546961|page=12}}</ref> British [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|field marshal]] [[Bernard Montgomery]] studied Bajirao's tactics in the Palkhed campaign, particularly his rapid movements and his troops' ability to live off the land (with little concern about supply and communication lines) while conducting "[[maneuver warfare]]" against the enemy. In his book, ''A Concise History of Warfare'', Montgomery wrote the following about Bajirao's victory at Palkhed:<br />
<br />
{{Blockquote<br />
|text=They (Marathas) were at their best in the eighteenth century, and the Palkhed campaign of 1727–28 in which Baji Rao I outgeneralled Nizam-ul-Mulk, is a ''masterpiece of strategic mobility''. Baji Rao's army was a purely mounted force, armed only with sabre, lance, a bow in some units and a round shield. There was a spare horse for every two men. The Marathas moved unencumbered by artillery, baggage, or even handguns and defensive armour. They supplied themselves by looting.<ref name="bernard"/>}}<br />
Montgomery further wrote,<br />
<br />
{{Blockquote<br />
|text=Baji Rao resented the Nizam's rule over the Deccan and it was he who struck the first blow. In October 1727, as soon as rainy season ended, Baji Rao burst into the territories of Nizam. The lightly equipped Marathas moved with great rapidity, avoiding the main towns and fortresses, living off the country, burning and plundering. They met one reverse at the hands of Nizam's able lieutenant, Iwaz Khan, at the beginning of November 1727, but within a month they had fully recovered and were off again, dashing east, north, west, with sudden changes in direction. The Nizam had mobilised his forces, and for a time pursued them, but he was bewildered by the swift unpredictable movements of Marathas, and his men became exhausted.<ref name="bernard">{{cite book<br />
|last=Montgomery<br />
|first=Bernard<br />
|year=1972<br />
|title=A Concise History of Warfare<br />
|url=https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof0000unse_r8u2<br />
|publisher=Collins<br />
|pages= 132, 135<br />
|isbn=978-0001921498<br />
}}</ref><br />
}}Bajirao is considered one of celebrated personality in the history of Maratha Empire by many historians.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sen|first=S.N. |author-link= |date=2006 |title= History Modern India.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ga-pmgxsWwoC&q=second+founder&pg=PA1 |location=New Delhi |publisher= New Age International|page=113 |isbn=8122417744}}</ref><ref name="Gordon 1993 114" /><br />
<br />
In his introduction to ''Bajirao I: The Great Peshwa'', [[K. M. Panikkar]] wrote:<br />
{{Blockquote<br />
|text=Baji Rao, the great Peshwa, was without doubt the most outstanding statesman and general India produced in [the] 18th century. If Shivaji Maharaj was the founder of Maratha State, Baji Rao could claim that he was the one who saved it from disruption and transformed what was national state in[to] an Empire.<ref>{{cite book |last=Srinivasan |first=C. K. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.131112/ |title=Baji Rao I: The Great Peshwa |year=1961 |location= New Delhi |publisher=Asia Publishing House |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.131112/page/n40 ix]}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
He is also considered to be one of the greatest military generals of his time.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: 1707–1813 |year=2005 |publisher=New Dawn Press |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-1932705546 |pages=126}}</ref> [[Jadunath Sarkar]] called Bajirao, "a heavenly-born cavalry leader".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dighe |first=Vishvanath Govind |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.4317/ |title=Peshwa Bajirao I and Maratha Expansion |date=1944 |publisher=Karnatak Publishing House |page=206}}</ref> Also describing his twenty years military career, Jadunath Sarkar wrote:<br />
{{Blockquote<br />
|text=Twenty years spent in breathless activity and tireless journeys across the Indian continent, from Delhi to Srirangpatan and Gujarat to Hyderabad, wore out the most wonderful man of action that the Hindu race has produced since the days of the great Shivaji Maharaj.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sardesai |first=Govind Sakharam |url= |title= Marathi Riyasat |date=1942 |publisher=|pages=11}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
Shahu also had an implicit faith on Bajirao. On the other occasion he has called Bajirao as "the man with iron nerves".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dighe |first=Vishvanath Govind |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.4317/ |title=Peshwa Bajirao I and Maratha Expansion |date=1944 |publisher=Karnatak Publishing House |page=196}}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="200"><br />
File:Bajirao's letter to Chimaji Appa 01.tif| Bajirao's letter to [[Chimaji Appa]]<br />
File:Facsimile of the handwriting of Bajirao Ballal (1720-40).jpg|31 Mar 1739; Bajirao asks his brother [[Chimaji Appa]] to send reencorcements to Delhi to counter [[Nader Shah|Nadir Shah]]<br />
File:Samples of MoDi writing.jpg|Signatures of the Marathas line 3 is the handwriting of Bajirao<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Death==<br />
{{multiple image<br />
| align = <!-- right (default) --><br />
| header = <br />
| header_align = <!-- center (default) --><br />
| image1 =Bajirao samadhi raverkhed.jpg<br />
| alt1 = Exterior of Baji Rao's tomb<br />
| caption1 = Baji Rao I memorial at Raverkhedi<br />
| total_width= 300<br />
}}<br />
Bajirao's body was exhausted due to ceaseless wars and military campaigns.<ref>{{cite book |last=Srinivasan |first=C. K. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.131112/ |title=Baji Rao I: The Great Peshwa |year=1961 |location= New Delhi |publisher=Asia Publishing House |page=128}}</ref> The first illness Bajirao encountered which appeared on 23 April, when the symptoms were mild. On 26 April the fever has grown to an extent that, Bajirao became delirious. He died on Sunday i.e. 28 April, 1740 at night, after about 8:30 p.m.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kulkarni |first=Uday S. |title=The Era of Bajirao - An Account of the Empire of the Deccan |publisher=Mula Mutha Publishers |year=2016 |location=Pune |pages=333 |id={{ASIN|8192108031|country=in}} }}</ref> He was cremated the same day on the bank of [[Narmada River]]. Balaji Bajirao ordered [[Ranoji Scindia|Ranoji Shinde]] to build a [[chhatri]] as a memorial. The memorial is enclosed by a [[Dharamshala (type of building)|dharmashala]]. The compound has a temple called as Rameshwar Temple, dedicated to [[Shiva]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asibhopal.nic.in/monument/khargone_raverkhedi_brindab.html |title=Brindaban dedicated to the memory of Shrimant Baji Rao Peshwa |publisher=ASI Bhopal |access-date=23 December 2015 |archive-date=24 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224103826/http://www.asibhopal.nic.in/monument/khargone_raverkhedi_brindab.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
== In popular culture ==<br />
*Character of Bajirao is portrayed in Marathi audio web series 'Shrimant Kashibai Bajirao Peshwe' created by Cultural Legacy of India.<br />
*''Bajirao Mastani'', a 1925 Indian silent film about the Peshwa directed by Nanubhai B. Desai and [[Bhalji Pendharkar]].<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen1999">{{cite book|last1=Rajadhyaksha|first1=Ashish|last2=Willemen|first2=Paul|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja|url-access=registration|access-date=12 August 2012|year=1999|publisher=British Film Institute|isbn=9780851706696 }}</ref><br />
*''[[Rau (novel)|Rau]]'', a 1972 fictional [[Marathi language|Marathi]] [[novel]] by [[Nagnath S. Inamdar]], featured a love story of Bajirao I and Mastani.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xn43DQAAQBAJ|title=Rau – The Great Love Story of Bajirao Mastani|last=Inamdar|first=N. S.|date=20 October 2016|publisher=Pan Macmillan|isbn=978-1-5098-5227-7|language=en}}</ref><br />
* ''Mastani'', 1955 film directed by Dhirubhai Desai. It starred [[Nigar Sultana (actress)|Nigar Sultana]], Manher Desai, [[Shahu Modak]] and [[Agha (actor)|Agha]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&pg=PT278|date=10 July 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-94318-9|page=278}}</ref><br />
*The 2015 historical drama film ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'', directed by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], starred [[Ranveer Singh]] as Bajirao I.<ref name="review" /><br />
* ''Shrimant Peshwa Bajirao Mastani'', another Indian TV series broadcast on [[ETV Marathi]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chari |first1=Mridula |title=Historians know very little about Mastani—or her relationship with Bajirao |url=https://qz.com/india/575194/historians-know-very-little-about-mastani-or-her-relationship-with-bajirao/ |website=[[Quartz India]] |language=en |date=16 December 2015}}</ref><br />
* ''[[Peshwa Bajirao (TV series)|Peshwa Bajirao]]'', a 2017 TV series starring Rudra Soni as young Bajirao and [[Karan Suchak]] as the adult Bajirao, aired on [[Sony TV]].<ref name="India Today"/><br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
"''Shahmatpanah Bajirav''", a Marathi book written by Kaustubh S. Kasture on the life of Bajirao I.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kasture |first=Kaustubh |title=Shahmatpanah Bajirav |publisher=Rafter Publications |year=2020 |isbn=9788193248195 |language=Marathi}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Maratha rulers]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{Cite book|last1=Palsokar|first1=R. D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UU1uAAAAMAAJ|title=Bajirao I: An Outstanding Cavalry General|last2=Reddy|first2=T. Rabi|year=1995|publisher=Reliance Publishing House|isbn=978-8185972947}}<br />
* {{Cite book|last=Paul|first=E. Jaiwant|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6GVhAAAACAAJ|title=Baji Rao: The Warrior Peshwa|year=2000|publisher=Roli Books|isbn=978-8174361295}}<br />
* {{Cite book|last=Kulkarni|first=Uday S|title=The Era of Baji rao|publisher=Mula-Mutha Publishers|year=2016|isbn=978-8192108032}}<br />
* {{Cite book|last=Vidhate|first=Kaka|url=https://granthpremi.com/products/devyoddha|title=देवयोद्धा(novel)|publisher=Prafullata Prakashan|year=2019|isbn=978-8193829332}}<br />
* {{Cite book|last=Godse|first=D. G.|author-link=D. G. Godse|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UzKccQAACAAJ|title=मस्तानी|trans-title=Mastani|year=1989|publisher=Popular Prakashan Pvt. Limited|isbn=978-8171853632|language=mr}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* [http://art.virtualpune.com/HISTORY/html/shaniwar.shtml Shaniwar Wada – the Peshwa palace at Pune] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709060852/http://art.virtualpune.com/HISTORY/html/shaniwar.shtml |date=9 July 2011 }}<br />
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{{s-start}}<br />
{{succession box<br />
| before=[[Balaji Vishwanath|Balaji Vishwanath Bhat]]<br />
| title=[[Peshwa]]<br />
| years=1720–1740 | after=[[Nanasaheb Peshwa|Balaji Baji Rao]]<br />
}}<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
{{MarathaEmpire}}<br />
{{Pune topics}}<br />
{{Peshawe family}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Baji Rao 01, Peshwa}}<br />
[[Category:Peshwa dynasty]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi people]]<br />
[[Category:1700 births]]<br />
[[Category:1740 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:Maratha generals]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manyata_Embassy_Business_Park&diff=516373Manyata Embassy Business Park2025-12-26T10:09:27Z<p>Rockybhai3: created new stub with sources</p>
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
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| name = Embassy Manyata Business Park<br />
| image = Manyata Embassy Business Park.jpg<br />
| image_caption = Aerial view of Manyata Embassy Business Park<br />
| foundation = 2001<ref>{{cite news |title=Residents, tech park, cops deadlocked over road use |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/640401/residents-tech-park-cops-deadlocked.html |accessdate=14 January 2019 |work=Deccan Herald |date=1 November 2017}}</ref><br />
| location_city = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]]<br />
| location_country = [[India]]<br />
| locations = <br />
| key_people = <br />
| area_served = 9.8 million sq. ft.<br />
| industry = Information technology<br />
| products = <br />
| services = <br />
| revenue = <br />
| operating_income = <br />
| net_income = <br />
| num_employees = 150,000+<br />
| parent = Embassy Office Parks ([[Embassy Group]])<br />
| owner = [[Embassy Group]] and others<br />
| divisions = <br />
| subsid = <br />
| homepage = {{URL|http://embassyofficeparks.com/park/embassy-manyata/}}<br />
| dissolved = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
| nickname = <br />
}}<br />
'''Embassy Manyata Business Park''' (also called '''Manyata Tech Park''') is a [[software]] technology park in [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], India. The park is situated in Nagawara (near [[Hebbal, Bangalore|Hebbal]]) on [[Outer Ring Road, Bangalore|Outer Ring Road]], and has a building area of 9.8 million square feet.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dhamija |first1=Anshul |title=IndiQube: Work from home |url=http://www.forbesindia.com/article/startups/indiqube-work-from-home/52163/1 |accessdate=9 January 2019 |work=Forbes India |date=2 January 2019}}</ref> The park is spread over 300 acres (1.2&nbsp;km²).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Damodaran |first1=Akhila |last2=Kaushik |first2=Tushar |title=Manyata Tech Park: Turning into a workspace in hell |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2018/jan/21/manyata-tech-park-turning-into-a-workspace-in-hell-1760675.html |access-date=9 January 2019 |work=The New Indian Express |date=21 January 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Occupancy ==<br />
Manyata Embassy Business Park has a workforce of more than 150,000 professionals, as of November 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bengaluru: Shivanna gets Ramalinga Reddy to battle for Manyata |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/101117/bengaluru-shivanna-gets-ramalinga-reddy-to-battle-for-manyata.html |accessdate=9 January 2019 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=10 November 2017}}</ref> Some of the tenant companies of the tech park are [[Cognizant]], [[L Brands]], [[Victoria's Secret]], [[Lowe's]], [[Cerner]], [[Hudson's Bay Company]], [[Harman International Industries|Harman]], [[Rolls-Royce Holdings|Rolls-Royce]], [[IBM]], [[Justdial.com]], [[Voonik]], [[GLOBALFOUNDRIES]], [[Larsen & Toubro]], [[NXP Semiconductors]], [[Nokia Networks]], [[Philips]], [[Alcatel-Lucent]], [[Fidelity Investments]], [[Target Corporation]], [[Qualitest]], [[Northern Trust]], [[Nvidia]], iTS, [[WSP Consultants|WSP, illumina]] and [[AXA]].<br />
<br />
==Infrastructure==<br />
In February 2017, 15 acres (6 hectares) of the park were allotted for a garden where employees could grow food during their free time.<ref>{{cite news |title=Manyata tech workers get organic break |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/manyata-tech-workers-get-organic-break/articleshow/57381378.cms |accessdate=9 January 2019 |work=Bangalore Mirror |date=28 February 2017}}</ref> In January 2018, a rooftop football arena, covering an area of 13,000 square feet (1,200 m²), was opened.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Urs |first1=Anil |title=Rooftop football arena launched at Embassy Manyata Business Park |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sports/rooftop-football-arena-launched-at-embassy-manyata-business-park/article9623236.ece |accessdate=9 January 2019 |work=The Hindu Business Line |date=15 January 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
In June 2018, the [[Embassy Group]] signed a deal to build a [[Overpass|flyover]] between Nagawara lake and [[Thanisandra]] junction, which would provide direct access to the park.<ref>{{cite news |title=Embassy to invest Rs 300 cr in metro, flyover |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/city/embassy-invest-rs-300-cr-metro-flyover-673539.html |accessdate=9 January 2019 |work=Deccan Herald |date=6 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Embassy lines up Rs. 250 crore for metro station and flyover|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/construction/embassy-lines-up-rs-250-crore-for-metro-station-and-flyover/articleshow/64474239.cms |accessdate=9 January 2019 |work=The Economic Times |date=6 June 2018}}</ref><br />
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An 85-acre (34 hectare) residential enclave called Manyata Residency is located behind the park.<ref>{{cite news |title=Karnataka Home Minister to visit Manyata tech park area next week to solve traffic issue |url=https://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/corporate/karnataka-home-minister-to-visit-manyata-tech-park-area-next-week-to-solve-traffic-issue/61564519 |accessdate=14 January 2019 |work=ETtech |date=9 November 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Awards ==<br />
* The Best IT Park Award by the NDTV Property Awards 2013<ref>{{cite news |title=Property Awards Winners 2013 |url=https://properties.awards.ndtv.com/winners-2013/ |accessdate=9 January 2019 |work=NDTV}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Manyata Tech Park}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|13.0502491|77.6234169|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Software technology parks in Bengaluru]]<br />
[[Category:Embassy Group]]<br />
[[Category:Special Economic Zones of India]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=E._V._Ganesh_Babu&diff=498011E. V. Ganesh Babu2025-12-21T16:31:15Z<p>Rockybhai3: adding some pg w/ infobox</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian film director}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = E. V. Ganesh Babu<br />
| image = E. V. Ganesh Babu.jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = E. V. Ganesh Babu at Film Festival<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1974|11|17|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Varagur]], [[Thanjavur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]<br />
| occupation = [[Film director|Director]], actor, [[Film producer|producer]] [[screenwriter]], [[lyricist]] <br />
| years_active = 2000–present<br />
| spouse = <br />
| children = <br />
| mother = <br />
| father = <br />
| relatives = <br />
| website = {{URL|kattilmovie.com}}<br />
}}<br />
'''E. V. Ganesh Babu''' is an Indian film director, writer and actor who works in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/dec/03/cot-in-the-act-ganesh-babu-shoots-for-his-next-kattil-2070586.html|title=Cot in the act: Ganesh Babu shoots for his next Kattil|date=3 December 2019|author=Navein Darshan|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/200919/lenin-collaborates-with-ganesh-babu.html|title=Lenin collaborates with Ganesh Babu|date=20 September 2019|author=Anupama Subramanian|work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><br />
==Career==<br />
He made his acting debut with ''[[Bharathi (2000 film)|Bharathi]]'' (2000) and played [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]'s friend in four films including ''[[Sivakasi (film)|Sivakasi]]'' (2005).<ref name=interview>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/624462-e-v-ganesh-babu-interview-1.html|title=மரங்களுக்குள்ளே ஒரு மரபணுக் கூட்டம்! - இ.வி. கணேஷ் பாபு நேர்காணல் [Interview]|work=The Hindu Tamil|author=R. C. Jayanthan}}</ref><br />
<br />
He worked as an assistant director for ''[[Thenpandi Singam (TV series)|Thenpandi Singam]]'' (2016) before making his debut as a director with ''[[Yamuna (film)|Yamuna]]'' (2013).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Itsy-bitsy/article12874943.ece|title=Itsy bitsy|date=12 May 2012|work=The Hindu|author=Nikhil Raghavan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/actor-ganesh-babu-turns-director/articleshow/13020882.cms|title=Actor Ganesh Babu turns director|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://chennaionline.com/movies/preview/20122412102417/Actor-Ganesh-Babu-turns-director-with-Yamuna.col|title=Actor Ganesh Babu turns director with Yamuna|publisher=Chennai Online |date=2012-09-12 |access-date=2022-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913071458/http://chennaionline.com/movies/preview/20122412102417/Actor-Ganesh-Babu-turns-director-with-Yamuna.col|archive-date=13 September 2012}}</ref> He directed and starred in a film titled ''Kattil'' opposite [[Srushti Dange]], which was screened in 2021 at the Innovative International Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/srushti-danges-kattil-to-be-a-bilingual/articleshow/73072443.cms|title=Srushti Dange's Kattil to be a bilingual|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newstodaynet.com/2021/10/16/kattil-screened-at-innovative-international-film-fest/|title=Kattil screened at Innovative International Film fest|work=[[News Today]]|date=16 October 2021}}</ref> In 2022, he adapted the script of ''Kattil'' into a book.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.dinamalar.com/cinema_detail.php?id=106544|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715105047/https://m.dinamalar.com/cinema_detail.php?id=106544|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 July 2022|title=கட்டில் திரைக்கதைக்கு விருது [Award]|work=Dinamalar|date=13 July 2022}}</ref> In 2023, his short film ''Karuvarai'' (2021) won the [[National Film Award – Special Mention (non-feature film)]].<ref name="AN">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/entertainment/bollywood/srikanth-deva-ev-ganesh-babu-celebrate-as-karuvarai-wins-best-non-feature-film20230825160733/|title=Srikanth Deva, EV Ganesh Babu celebrate as 'Karuvarai' wins Best Non-Feature Film|website=ANI News}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
{{BLP unreferenced section|date= December 2022}}<br />
<br />
===As actor===<br />
;Films<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
*''[[Bharathi (2000 film)|Bharathi]]'' (2000)<br />
*''[[Friends (2001 film)|Friends]]'' (2001) <br />
*''[[Bhagavathi (film)|Bhagavathi]]'' (2002)<br />
*''[[Mounam Pesiyadhe]]'' (2002) (uncredited)<br />
*''[[Pudhiya Geethai]]'' (2003)<br />
*''[[Ooruku Nooruper]]'' (2003)<br />
*''[[Oruththi]]'' (2003)<br />
*''[[Autograph (2004 film)|Autograph]]'' (2004)<br />
*''[[Sivakasi (film)|Sivakasi]]'' (2005)<br />
*''[[Manathodu Mazhaikalam]]'' (2006)<br />
*''[[Mozhi (film)|Mozhi]]'' (2007) (uncredited)<br />
* ''[[Kattradhu Thamizh]]'' (2007)<br />
*''[[Arai En 305-il Kadavul]]'' (2008)<br />
*''[[Silandhi]]'' (2008)<br />
*''[[Surya (2008 film)|Surya]]'' (2008)<br />
*''[[Jaggubhai]]'' (2010)<br />
*''[[Anandhapurathu Veedu]]'' (2010)<br />
*''[[Yamuna (film)|Yamuna]]'' (2013)<br />
*''[[Kattil]]'' (2023)<br />
{{colend}}<br />
;Television<br />
* 2001 ''[[Ramany vs Ramany|Ramani vs Ramani - Part 2]]'' (Raj TV)<br />
* 2010-2013 [[Thirumathi Selvam]] (Sun TV)<br />
* 2015-2018 ''Kuladeivam'' (Sun TV) as Duraipandi<br />
* 2018 ''[[Valli (TV series)|Valli]]'' (Sun TV) as Auto Driver (Guest Appearance)<br />
<br />
===As director===<br />
*''[[Yamuna (film)|Yamuna]]'' (2013)<br />
*''[[Kattil]]'' (2023)<br />
<br />
;As writer<br />
*''Yamuna'' (book)<br />
*''Kattil'' (2022, book)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
* {{IMDb name|id=9861393|name=E.V. Ganeshbabu}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ganeshbabu, E.V.}}<br />
[[Category:1974 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Actors in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sikhism_in_Assam&diff=478263Sikhism in Assam2025-11-19T12:26:10Z<p>Rockybhai3: new a stub</p>
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<div>{{Infobox religious group||group=Sikhism in Assam|pop=|langs=[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]{{•}}[[Assamese language|Assamese]]|image=Guru Dwara Dhubri.jpg|flag=|regions=[[Nagaon district]]|religions=[[Sikhism]]|image_caption=Local gurdwara in Dhubri, Assam|flag_size=}}'''Assamese Sikhs''', also known as '''Axomiya Sikhs''' or '''Asomiya Sikhs''', are a [[Sikhs|Sikh community]] found in [[Assam]], India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Birinder Pal |title=The Sikh World |date=May 1, 2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9780429848384 |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Pashaura |chapter=10. Sikhs in India: Sikhs Outside Punjab |doi=10.4324/9780429455322-13 |quote=The Axomiya Sikhs settled in the villages of Nagaon district (Assam) too claim that their ancestors in the Maharaja's army were sent there in 1820 to support the Ahom king. The Sikh commander was killed, and the surviving soldiers eventually settled in the villages of Chaparmukh and Barkola. They are agriculturalists primarily still (Singh 2018). |editor-last2=Mandair |editor-first2=Arvind-Pal Singh}}</ref> The Sikh community of Assam consists of both local Assamese Sikhs and [[Punjabi Sikhs]] and their descendants. The Assamese Sikhs differ phenotypically from Punjabi Sikhs, instead resembling the local populace in-appearance.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
=== Sikh gurus ===<br />
[[File:'Nanak meets the temptresses in Kamrup Desa', Janamsakhi mural painting depicting a scene from Guru Nanak's life from the Ram Rai Darbar complex at Dehradun.jpg|thumb|'Nanak meets the temptresses in Kamrup Desa', Janamsakhi mural painting depicting a scene from Guru Nanak's life from the [[Guru Ram Rai Darbar Sahib|Ram Rai Darbar complex]] at [[Dehradun]]]]<br />
[[Guru Nanak]] is said to have travelled to the [[Kamrup region]] (or ''Karudesh'') in the early part of the 16th century.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Banerjee |first=Himadri |title=Beyond Punjab: Sikhs in East and Northeast India |date=Jan 30, 2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781000800289 |chapter=Chapter 4: Assam |doi=10.4324/9781003347842-4}}</ref> Surindar Singh Kohli claims Guru Nanak entered Assam in the year 1505.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kohli |first=Surindar Singh |title=Travels of Guru Nanak |publisher=Publication Bureau, Panjab University |year=1969 |pages=45}}</ref> According to Surjit Singh Gandhi, Guru Nanak visited Dhubri via a route from northern Bihar and northwest Bengal whilst other scholars claim Guru Nanak used the path later known as the [[Grand Trunk Road|Sher Shah Suri Road]]. After Dhubri, he visited a location near Guwahati.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |title=History of Sikh Gurus Retold |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist. |year=2007 |isbn=9788126908578 |volume=1: 1469-1606 C.E. |pages=99–100}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The Sikh tales, known as ''[[janamsakhis]]'', of his travel in the region involve magic and witches, with the region being ruled by a woman named Nur Shah. As per the legend, Nur Shah and her entourage of witches tried to bewitch the Sikh guru and [[Bhai Mardana|Mardana]] using magic spells, then they tried dancing and singing, and lastly tried giving them valuable material goods, however they ultimately failed and ended-up ultimately surrendering to the guru. The guru then gave them ''[[Nāma|naam]]'' and requested them to stop practicing magic.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Nag |first=Sajal |title=Black Magic, Witchcraft and Occultism: Secret Cultural Practices in India |date=Jun 9, 2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781000905267 |chapter=Introduction}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> Afterwards, Nanak left Kamrupa via the [[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]] river and returned to [[Puri]] in [[Odisha]]. There are no historical sources to corroborate the tale, which is similar to other contemporary stories that link Assam to being a land of sorcery and magic, with the Sikh sources claiming the region to be ''Istri Desh'' ("land of women") and associated with [[Tantra]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> It is further narrated that Guru Nanak visited Dhanpur and met with [[Sankardev|Shankardev]], a Vaishnavist. A chronicle by Mohammad Kazim records the existence of a tribe named Nanak. Guru Nanak is then said to have travelled further east to ''Asa Desh'', east of the Brahmaputra, which was ruled by a figure named [[Suhungmung|Raja Swarg Narain]], descended from Samundrak. There, the guru is claimed to have travelled to Gola Ghat Nagar and onwards to the Dhanasri Valley between the Naga and Mikir Hills, where he apparently encountered cannibals known as ''Koda Rakshas'', possibly the Kodan tribe. From there, Guru Nanak returned to Gauhati via a river and continued to [[Shillong]].<ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
[[File:The Kamakhya Document - documenting Guru Tegh Bahadur's presence in the Kamarupa region of Assam, preserved by a Panda of the Kamakhya temple.jpg|thumb|251x251px|Document on Guru Tegh Bahadur's presence in the Kamarupa region of Assam]]<br />
Contemporary Assamese documents also record the visit of the ninth [[Sikh guru]], [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]], to the area in 1669 to assist Raja Ram Singh against the local Ahom ruler.<ref name=":1" /> However, the Sikh sources seem to confuse many dates, places, and persons when recording the ninth guru's stay in Assam but he likely did have a presence in the region.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Nag |first=Sajal |title=The Mughals and the North-East: Encounter and Assimilation in Medieval India |date=Jul 17, 2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781000905250 |chapter=21: The Curious Community of Asomiya Sikhs: The Mughal Connection? |quote=}}</ref> While in Assam, it is claimed by Sikh accounts that the guru brokered peace between [[Ram Singh I|Raja Ram Singh]] and the [[Ahom kingdom|Ahom]] ruler [[Supangmung|Raja Chakradhwaj Singha]] (Supangmung).<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Dharam |title=Guru Tegh Bahadur: His Life, Travel and Message |last2=Singh |first2=Paramvir |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |year=2022 |isbn=9789354095832 |quote=There took place one battle between the opposing forces of Ram Singh and the Ahom king, named Chakradhwaj, but it remained inconclusive. According to Sikh chronicles, the Guru was able to arrange a truce between the opposing forces and opened the way for a negotiated settlement. The Guru succeeded in bringing about a rapprochement between them and thus more bloodshed was avoided. To celebrate the happy conclusion, soldiers of Ram Singh's camp raised a high mound on the bank of the Brahmputra, each soldier contributing five shields of earth. On the top of this mound now stands Thara Sahib or Damdama Sahib ...}}</ref><ref name="ps189">{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Prithi |title=The history of Sikh gurus |publisher=Lotus Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-8382-075-2 |pages=187–89}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Kohli |first=Mohindar |title=Guru Tegh Bahadur: testimony of conscience |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=1992 |isbn=978-81-7201-234-2 |pages=25–27}}</ref> Whilst [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] was in [[Dhaka]], Raja Ram Singh petitioned that the [[Akal Sena]] assist him in his crushing of a rebellion led by King [[Supangmung|Chakradhwaj Singha]] of the [[Ahom kingdom|Ahom Kingdom]] in [[Kamrup region|Kamrup]] (located in [[Assam]]) in [[Northeast India|north-eastern India]]. The Guru agreed to the request because he had plans to visit that region anyways to rebuild a monument of [[Guru Nanak]]'s ''udasi'' (travel tour) to the area. The Guru and his forces reached the region in February 1669. Whilst stationed in [[Dhubri]], Kamrup near the bank of a river, an encampment of the Akal Sena with Guru Tegh Bahadur had come under attack from the other side of the river by local Assamese forces. The Sikhs were able to defeat the enemy using archery. Afterwards, the Guru made peace with the locals after the latter informed him that they were rebelling to resist the conquests of the Mughal empire and to protect their sovereignty. Later-on, the [[Ahom king]] honoured the Guru at the [[Kamakhya Temple|Kamakhya shrine]] after Guru Tegh Bahadur brokered peace between the [[Mughal army|imperial Mughal army]] under the command of Raja Ram Singh and the local Ahom resistance.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Randhir |first=G. S. |title=Sikh Shrines in India |date=February 1990 |publisher=Publications Division of the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India |isbn=9788123022604 |pages=83–87 |chapter=Assam}}</ref> It is further believed that Tegh Bahadur established a Sikh shrine at Dhubri in Goalpara district, known locally as ''Dumdume Gurdwara'', at the location of Guru Nanak's previous visit.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> Some Sikhs remained in Assam to tend to the shrines.<ref name=":1" /> Furthermore, as per legend a local figure named Raja Ram was blessed with a son named Rattan Rai by Guru Tegh Bahadur, with this son later gifting Guru Gobind Singh various things, including [[Prasadi (elephant)|an elephant]].<ref name=":5" /> <br />
<br />
=== Mercenaries and militia ===<br />
[[Sikhism]] has been present in Assam for over 200 years.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Banerjee |first=Himadri |title=Sikhs And Sikhism In Eastern And North-Eastern India (C. 1700-2000) |url=http://sikhinstitute.org/sikhs_living_outside/5-himadribanerjee.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809161202/http://sikhinstitute.org/sikhs_living_outside/5-himadribanerjee.html |archive-date=2014-08-09 |access-date=2021-01-03 |website=Institute of Sikh Studies, Chandigarh}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> In the 18th century, some Sikh and Punjabi mercenaries resided at the Sikh shrines in the region, with them adopting the local culture and language. The Axomiya Sikhs of [[Nagaon district]] may be descended from them. During the [[Dundiya rebellion]] of the early 1790s, some Sikhs, possibly from northern Bihar or descended from Sikhs who remained in Assam to tend to shrines, participated in the ''barkandaze'' forces, which partially consisted of upcountry militamen of Punjabi and Hindustani-origin. According to [[Rajanikanta Bordoloi]], the Assamese figure Haradatta Chaudhuri hired 300 Punjabis for his barkandaze force, supplying them food rations and paying them a monthly salary. However, these barkandaz later joined the Ahoms for better pay. The barkandaz Sikhs were inducted into the [[Ahom Army]] as a [[militia]], and were given land for their service, with them possibly being deployed at the settlement of Raha near the tribal frontier in the Raha Chaki as per oral history. These Sikhs lost touch with their homeland and underwent a process of Assamization, marrying local Assamese women.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
The community in the villages of Nagaon district claims to trace its origins to Sikh soldiers sent by the [[Sikh Empire]] to support the Ahom ruler [[Sudingphaa|Chandrakanta Simha]] in 1820, fighting in 1823 at the [[Burmese invasions of Assam|Battle of Hadirachaki]] against invading Burmese forces.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> According to the Assamese Sikh legend, the Sikh commander of these soldiers (reputably named Bir Chaitanya Singh), whose battalion numbered around five-hundred was killed and the surviving men travelled with his widow (known only as ''mata-ji'') to the rivulet of Titaimori Suti, where they settled initially at Chaparmukh village.<ref name=":1" /> They later settled in the villages of Chaparmukh and Barkola, adopting a life of agriculture.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> According to Himadri Banerjee, these men were not Punjabi Sikhs but rather local Assamese Sikhs from the earlier barkandaze, as they had extensive knowledge of the local geography and hydrology. According to Banerjee, during the [[Burmese invasions of Assam|Burmese invasion]], the Ahomese authorities shifted the Sikh barkandaz from Raha to Hadirachaki, where they were defeated and after returned to Chaparmukh, where their families were situated.<ref name=":1" /> Sikh men married local Assamese women.<ref name="The Tribune Surjit Hans 24 08 20033">{{Cite web |last=Hans |first=Surjit |date=August 24, 2003 |title=The identity of North-East Sikhs |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030824/spectrum/book8.htm |website=The Sunday Tribune – Spectrum – Literature}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In 1826, the [[Colonial Assam|British annexed Assam]] and disbanded the barkandaze forces, pushing the local Sikhs who had served in it into an agricultural lifestyle. By the early 20th century, these Assamese Sikh rural dwellers had moved to higher-ground and established Barkola, their second settlement. Later, they lived in Hatipara and Lanka.<ref name=":1" /> <br />
<br />
=== Arrival and settlement of Punjabi Sikhs ===<br />
During British-rule, Punjabi Sikh migrants from Punjab settled in Assam due to the tea-plantations and increased accessibility due to the establishment of the Assam-Bengal Railways in the early 20th century. These Punjabi Sikh settlers, initially mostly [[Ramgarhia]]s, first established themselves in [[Guwahati]] and later in [[Margherita, Assam|Margherita]]. The Ramgarhia pioneers engaged in work related to the railways, as the century progressed they were joined by [[Jatt Sikh]]s and [[Dalit Sikh]]s{{disambiguation needed|date=August 2025}}. The first Punjabi Sikhs to arrive were a small number travelling through Guwahati on their way to Shillong in the late 19th century. The first station-master of the train station of Guwahati was a Punjabi Sikh man named Alla Singh, whom was a Ramgarhia. Alla Singh sheltered other Sikhs in his residence and helped establish a Sikh gurdwara in Guwahati in 1902, originally a tin-sheet structure until it was rebuilt with concrete in 1925–26, with it being named Ramgarhia Sabha. Post-1918, the British employed the Ramgarhia Sikhs in the area to expand the railway infrastructure to Central and Upper Assam from Guwahati, such as to Mariani. In 1922, Sundar Singh Bamra, another Ramgarhia Sikh, founded a gurdwara on railway land. Aside from railway work, the Ramgarhia Sikhs also found employment in the Assam Oil Company, which led them to going as remote as Digboi in Upper Assam. In 1926, a Ramgarhia gurdwara was established in Digboi while in 1935, another one was established in Jorhat, associated with tea-production. Many Ramgarhia Sikhs from the Gurdaspur district of Punjab would settle in Jorhat, where they worked a variety of jobs (such as in the railways, construction, oil, or transportation), such as Sohan Singh and Tehal Singh, whom were ''thekedars'' (construction contractors). Other prominent thekedars of the community were Mohan Singh Hadiabadi of Dibrugarh, Sohan Singh of Jorhat, Kishen Singh of Guwahati, and Sundar Singh of Digboi. The growing timber-trade brought the Punjabi Sikhs to Dibrugarh (1930) and Tinsukia (1932), while settlement in Margherita was caused by other opportunities. Due to the skilled-labour and artisanry of the Ramgarhia Sikhs, they became prosperous and many went from ''mistris'' to thekedars, and there was a strong sense of community and caste-solidarity amongst the Ramgarhia Sikhs of Assam. Literary works by Assamese [[Hindu]]s declared Assamese Sikhs as "predators" and "outsiders" to the [[Brahmaputra Valley]].<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
The [[Singh Sabha Movement|Singh Sabha reformers]] were not aware of the existence of the Assamese Sikhs, thus they were unaffected by the religious and social reforms.<ref name=":2" /> Some Assamese Sikhs were followers of the [[Gandhian Movement]] in the 1920s and beyond, such as Atma Singh Chhetri, Ranjit Singh, Phula Singh Chhetri, Kamal Singh, Phatik Singh, Mahatab Singh, and Janga Singh. Protests were held, national schools were supported, the usage of ''[[khadi]]'' was promoted, with there being imprisonments of some Assamese Sikhs. In the 1930s and 1940s, Assamese Sikhs gradually shifted their support away from Gandhite movement out of concerns of being marginalized by Bengali Muslim peasant settlers in the region. After this, Assamese Sikhs and Assamese Hindus formed closer ties due to the ethnic issue regarding Bengali Muslims. Eventually, the Assamese Sikh Association was formed in 1939 with Jog Singh as its general-secretary and Lal Singh as its president (with the latter being a domiciled Punjabi Sikh). Local Sikhs were recruited during the Second World War.<ref name=":1" /> <br />
<br />
=== Post-independence ===<br />
During the [[Assam Movement|Assam movement]] (1979–1985), Assamese Sikhs participated in the protests of the [[Asam Sahitya Sabha|Asom Sahitya Sabha]], despite the organization grouping "Punjabis" among the "illegal foreigners", which the Assamese Sikhs did not know if the label included them or not. In-order to assert their Assamese-ness and dissociate themselves from being viewed as Punjabis, the Assamese Sikhs founded the Asomiya Sikh Santha in 1980, which promoted literature in the local language. Due to these factors, the relations between local Assamese Sikhs and Punjabi Sikhs in Assam deteriorated, when they had initially been friendly in the early 20th century.<ref name=":1" /> A group of local Assamese Sikhs from the Nagaon villages made a pilgrimage trip to the [[Golden Temple]] in [[Amritsar]] in March 2009.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== Occupation, culture, and religiosity ==<br />
[[File:Interior of Shri Guru Singh Sabha Gurdwara, Dibrugarh during Guru Nanakdev Jayanti, 2020.jpg|thumb|Interior of Shri Guru Singh Sabha Gurdwara, Dibrugarh during Guru Nanakdev Jayanti, 2020]]<br />
The Assamese Sikhs can be divided into two groups: those from the Nagaon villages (who are local Assamese Sikhs) and the other from the different urban centers of Assam (typically Punjabi Sikhs). Assamese Sikhs are generally poorer and tend to work in agriculture whilst Punjabi Sikhs in Assam usually work in more technical positions and are more affluent.<ref name=":2" /> Assamese Sikhs of Nagaon district in the 19th century originally existed as landless peasants an tenants holding poor-quality jungle land. They offered their services to more affluent section of the agricultural society in-exchange for being allowed to borrow livestock. It was only in the early 20th century that they began to seek additional cultivable holdings.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
Assamese Sikhs follow the Sikh religion and celebrate [[Sikh festivals]] as they also celebrate cultural festivals such as [[Magh Bihu]] and wear traditional Assamese dress.<ref name=":1" /> Their language is the [[Assamese language]].<ref name="The Tribune Surjit Hans 24 08 20033" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2012 |title=Though nearly 200 years in Assam, Sikhs say they are neglected |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/244159/though-nearly-200-years-assam.html |website=Deccan Herald}}</ref> They do not speak the [[Punjabi language]] and do not read the [[Guru Granth Sahib]] in its original language.<ref name="The Tribune Surjit Hans 24 08 20033" /><ref name=":1" /> They adhere strictly to the [[Five Ks|5Ks]].<ref name="The Tribune Surjit Hans 24 08 20033" /> Some of them are ignorant of the ''[[Rehat|rahit]]''. Their form of the Sikh religion is influenced by Assamese [[Vaishnavism]]. They also believe in superstitions, such as ''bhutpret''. Another quirk is they avoid ploughing during certain days of the year. Their religious space was the ''namghar'', rather than being called [[gurdwara]]. The [[Sikh architecture|architecture of their gurdwaras]], such as the first known one at Chaparmukh (originally a thatched house and later converted into a permanent structure in the 20th century), also are unique and influenced by [[Assam-type architecture|Assamese architecture]]. At the Mataji Gurdwara in Chaparmukh, they observed ''[[Gurpurb|gurpurbs]]'' in a characteristically Assamese manner.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
== Demographics ==<br />
As per the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], 20,672 Sikhs reside in Assam, constituting 0.07% of the total population of Assam.<ref>{{cite web |title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in}}</ref><ref name="census2011">{{cite web |title=Population by religion community – 2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS |archive-date=25 August 2015 |website=Census of India, 2012 |publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref> The [[2001 census of India]] recorded 22,519 Sikhs residing in Assam.<ref name="Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner 20013">{{cite web |author=Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner |year=2001 |title=Census of India 2001: Population by religious communities |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012110930/https://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=3 January 2010 |publisher=[[Government of India]]}}</ref> In 2003, it was reported in ''[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]]'' that out of the 11,000 Sikh residents in Assam, 4,000 of them are local Assamese Sikhs. Assamese Sikhs can be found residing in the villages of Barkola, Zhaparmukh, Lanka, and Hatipara in [[Nagaon district]].<ref name="The Tribune Surjit Hans 24 08 20033" /><br />
<br />
The Sikhs outside Punjab (incl. Assam) can be divided into three main groups: Jatt Sikhs descended from peasants, Khatri Sikhs descended from traders, and local Sikh groups. Since 1950, around 220,000 Punjabi Sikhs migrated to and settled in other states of India.<ref name=":0" /> However, these Punjabi Sikh migrants are distinguishable from the [[Indigenous peoples|autochthonous community]] of Sikhs, known as Axomiya Sikhs, who descend from earlier Sikhs from previous centuries who indigenized to Assamese culture and adopted the local language.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
== Gurdwaras in Assam ==<br />
[[File:Dhubri Gurdawa2.JPG|thumb|Gurdwara Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib, Dhubri]]<br />
Some local gurdwaras of Assam are:<br />
* [[Gurdwara Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib]]<br />
* Mataji Gurdwara, Chaparmukh<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
== Popular culture ==<br />
A Sikh character named Kumedan Singh features in the novel ''Padumkuari,'' (1891), with the Sikh character being portrayed as a villain, traitor, and foreigner. Sailadhar Rajkhowa also wrote a poem named ''Pashan Pratima'' ("stone images") that involve Sikh characters, such as Chaitanya Singh being loved by two girls named Fullara and Chatala, which improved the status of Sikhs in Assam. Assamese author M. R. Goswami wrote a novelette ''Tej aru Dhulire'' ''Dhusarit Pristha'' (1994) on the anti-Sikh riots of 1984.<ref name="The Tribune Surjit Hans 24 08 20033" /><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Banerjee |first=Himadri |title=The Other Sikhs: A View from Eastern India |publisher=Manohar |year=2003 |isbn=9788173044953 |location=New Delhi}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Banerjee |first=Himadri |title=Beyond Punjab: Sikhs in East and Northeast India |date=Jan 30, 2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781000800289}}<br />
{{Sikhism}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sikhism in India|Assam]]<br />
[[Category:Religion in Assam]]<br />
[[Category:Sikh beliefs]]<br />
[[Category:Sikh communities]]<br />
[[Category:Sikh culture]]<br />
[[Category:Sikh groups and sects]]<br />
[[Category:Sikh practices]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Visakhapatnam%E2%80%93Lokmanya_Tilak_Terminus_Express&diff=472091Visakhapatnam–Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Express2025-10-22T02:16:28Z<p>Rockybhai3: further update formatting after review additionally</p>
<hr />
<div>{{distinguish|Visakhapatnam – Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Superfast Express}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox rail service<br />
| box_width = 25em<br />
| name = Visakhapatnam – Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Express<br />
| logo =<br />
| logo_width =<br />
| image = VSKP - LTT Exp. (38826184595).jpg<br />
| image_width = 300px<br />
| caption = 18519 Visakhapatnam – Mumbai LTT Express at Lingampalli<br />
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]<br />
| status = Operating<br />
| locale = [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]]<br />
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2010|03|24}}<br />
| last =<br />
| operator = [[South Coast Railway zone|South Coast Railway]]<br />
| ridership = <br />
| start = [[Visakhapatnam Junction]]<br />
| stops = 18<br />
| end = [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus]]<br />
| distance = {{convert|1498.5|km|abbr=on}}<br />
| journeytime =29 hours (Average) <br />
| frequency = Daily<br />
| class = Sleeper, Ac 1,2,3 General<br />
| access =<br />
| seating = Yes<br />
| sleeping = Yes<br />
| autorack =<br />
| catering = No Food/Catering<br />
| observation = <br />
| entertainment=<br />
| baggage = Below the seats<br />
| otherfacilities=<br />
| stock = One<br />
| gauge = Broad (1,676 mm)<br />
| electrification = <br />
| trainnumber = 18519/18520<br />
| speed = '''59 km/h''' (Average)<br />
| map = [[File:(Visakhapatnam - Mumbai LTT) (via Secunderabad) Express Route map.jpg|250px]]<br />
| map_state = <br />
}}<br />
The '''Visakhapatnam – Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Express''' is a daily [[Superfast Express trains in India|Express]] train service of the [[Indian Railways]]. It was launched on 24 March 2010.<br />
<br />
[[Daggubati Purandeswari]], Union Minister of State for Human Resources, flagged off the train at Visakhapatnam railway station in the presence of the local MLAs, MPs of [[Visakhapatnam District|Vizag district]] and '''[[East Coast Railway]]''' officials.<br />
<br />
This train is presently operated by the [[South Coast Railway zone|South Coast Railway]] of Indian Railways. The train runs between [[Visakhapatnam Junction]] and [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus]] covering {{convert|1498.5|km|abbr=on}} in 29 hours and 15 minutes and from Lokmanya Tilak Terminus to Visakhapatnam in 28 hours and 20 minutes.<br />
<br />
The train was earlier numbered as 12749 and 12750. The train frequency was changed from Bi-weekly to Daily as presented in the [[Railway Budget]] 2013–14. But From 10 September 2013 onwards reducing the status of 12749/12750 Visakhapatnam-Mumbai LTT from SF to 'ordinary express' renumbered as 18519/18520. The train no. 22847/22848 passing through same starting point VSKP and ending point LTT [[Visakhapatnam–Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Superfast Express|via Nagpur]] is weekly SF passing through [[Nagpur railway station|Nagpur Junction]], [[Manmad Junction railway station|Manmad Junction]] and [[Nasik Road railway station|Nashik Road]].<br />
<br />
==Train details==<br />
<br />
===Stoppages===<br />
Train number 18519 stops at [[Samalkot Junction railway station|Samalkot Jn]], [[Rajahmundry]], [[Tanuku]], [[Bhimavaram]], [[Akividu]], [[Kaikaluru]], [[Gudivada]], [[Vijayawada Junction]], [[Kazipet]], [[Moula Ali Railway Station|Moula Ali]], [[Secunderabad Junction]], [[Vikarabad|Lingampalli, Vikarabad]], [[Tandur railway station|Tandur]], [[Wadi]], [[Gulbarga]], [[Solapur]] and [[Pune]] en route to [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus]]. Train no 18520 stops at the same stations, but the other way around.<br />
<br />
===Coach composition===<br />
The train consists of One First Class Ac + One Two Tier AC coach+ Three Three tier AC coach, ten Sleeper Class coaches, Six Unreserved General coaches and two Unreserved Luggage cum Sleeper Coaches.<br />
<br />
===Loco links===<br />
The train is regularly hauled by [[WDP4D]] locomotive from LTT to [[Wadi railway station|Wadi]] to [[Vijayawada Junction railway station|Vijayawada Junction]] with [[WAP4]] / [[WAP7]] again at Vijayawada WDP4D with a loco reversal at Vijayawada.<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
# [http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/vizagmumbai-train-flagged-off/article734802.ece flagged off article on THE HINDU]<br />
# [http://indiarailinfo.com/train/7971 India-Rail-Info article on Visakhapatnam-MumbaiLTT SF Express]<br />
#[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/ecor-reduces-vizagltt-express-to-a-clone/article4976778.ece article on THE HINDU reducing the status from sf to exp]<br />
#[http://indiarailinfo.com/train/vishakapatnam-mumbai-ltt-express-18519-vskp-to-ltt/22175/401/466 18519 Time Table from indiarailinfo]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Visakhapatnam - Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Express}}<br />
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Transport in Visakhapatnam]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Express trains in India]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2010]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harmanjot_Singh_(footballer)&diff=502241Harmanjot Singh (footballer)2025-09-24T05:55:52Z<p>Rockybhai3: starting new bio</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian footballer}}<br />
{{Notability|1=Sports|date=September 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox football biography<br />
| name = Harmanjot Singh<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size =<br />
| fullname =<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|04|13|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Gurdaspur]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India<br />
| height = {{height|m=1.80}}<br />
| position = [[Defender (association football)#Full-back|Right back]]<br />
| currentclub = [[Namdhari FC|Namdhari]]<br />
| clubnumber = 6<br />
| youthyears1 = 2007–2009<br />
| youthclubs1 = St Stephen's Football Academy<br />
| youthyears2 = 2010–2012<br />
| youthclubs2 = [[IMG Academy]]<br />
| youthyears3 = 2013–2015<br />
| youthclubs3 = [[AIFF Elite Academy]]<br />
| years1 = 2021–2023<br />
| clubs1 = [[Rajasthan United FC|Rajasthan United]]<br />
| caps1 = 9<br />
| goals1 = 0<br />
| years2 = 2023–2024<br />
| clubs2 = [[Namdhari FC|Namdhari]]<br />
| caps2 = 10<br />
| goals2 = 0<br />
| nationalyears1 = 2011<br />
| nationalteam1 = [[India national under-17 football team|India U16]]<br />
| nationalcaps1 = <br />
| nationalgoals1 = <br />
| club-update = 19:22, 23 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
| nationalteam-update =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Harmanjot Singh''' (born 13 April 1996), is an Indian professional [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Midfielder#Winger|winger]] or [[Defender (association football)#Full-back|right back]] for [[I-League]] club [[Namdhari FC|Namdhari]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=From Gurdaspur to Rajasthan, Harmanjot Singh looking to create history in the Hero I-League Qualifiers|url=https://i-league.org/from-gurdaspur-to-rajasthan-harmanjot-singh-looking-to-create-history-in-the-hero-i-league-qualifiers/|access-date=2022-03-29|website=i-league.org}}</ref> He played an integral role in the qualification of [[Rajasthan United FC|Rajasthan United]] in the [[I-League]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajasthan United FC defender Harmanjot Singh aims to create history in I-League Qualifiers|url=https://www.mykhel.com/football/rajasthan-united-fc-defender-harmanjot-singh-aims-to-create-history-in-i-league-qualifiers-175910.html?story=4/|access-date=2022-05-10|website=mykhel.com | date=3 October 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=rajasthan-united-v-kenkre|url=https://www.goal.com/en-sg/match/rajasthan-united-v-kenkre/lineups/29b4ommf4copw19aqut4fsqvo/|access-date=2022-05-10|website=goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=I-League: Rajasthan United stage late fightback to earn point against Real Kashmir|url=https://theprint.in/sport/i-league-rajasthan-united-stage-late-fightback-to-earn-point-against-real-kashmir/910969/|access-date=2022-05-10|website=theprint.in |date=10 April 2022 }}</ref> Harmanjot along with some of other Indian footballers were sponsored by IMG Reliance. He have spent integral of his life in Florida, USA.<br />
<br />
==Career statistics==<br />
===Club===<br />
{{updated|23 April 2022}}<ref>{{soccerway|harmanjot-singh/809604}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan="2"|Club<br />
!rowspan="2"|Season<br />
!colspan="3"|League<br />
!colspan="2"|Cup<br />
!colspan="2"|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]<br />
!colspan="2"|Total<br />
|-<br />
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Rajasthan United FC|Rajasthan United]]<br />
|[[2021 I-League qualifiers|2021]]<br />
| rowspan="1" |[[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]]<br />
|6||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||6||0<br />
|-<br />
|{{nowrap|[[2021–22 I-League|2021–22]]}}<br />
| rowspan="1" |[[I-League]]<br />
|3||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||3||0<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="3" |Career total<br />
!9!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!9!!0<br />
|}<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==Honours==<br />
'''Rajasthan United'''<br />
*Baji Rout Cup: 2022<ref>{{cite web|last=Sports Desk|first=The Bridge|url=https://thebridge.in/football/rajasthan-united-win-baji-rout-cup-37018|title=Rajasthan United FC wins 2022 Baji Rout Cup|website=thebridge.in|publisher=The Bridge|date=8 November 2022|access-date=8 November 2022|archive-date=8 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108154039/https://thebridge.in/football/rajasthan-united-win-baji-rout-cup-37018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Harmanjot}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1999 births]]<br />
[[Category:People from Gurdaspur]]<br />
[[Category:Footballers from Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]<br />
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Men's association football defenders]]<br />
[[Category:Rajasthan United FC players]]<br />
<br />
{{India-footy-defender-stub}}</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Last_Harvest:_Paintings_of_Rabindranath_Tagore_(book)&diff=540576The Last Harvest: Paintings of Rabindranath Tagore (book)2025-08-18T04:51:25Z<p>Rockybhai3: Made Some Details W/ Refs</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2011 book edited by R. Siva Kumar}}<br />
{{onesource|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox book<br />
|name = The Last Harvest: Paintings of Rabindranath Tagore<br />
|title_orig =<br />
|translator =<br />
|image = The Last Harvest Paintings of Rabindranath Tagore (book).jpg<br />
|caption =<br />
|author = [[R. Siva Kumar]]<br />
|illustrator =<br />
|cover_artist =<br />
|country = [[India]]<br />
|language = English<br />
|series =<br />
|subject = Art<br />
|genre =<br />
|publisher = Mapin Publishing<br />
|pub_date = {{release date|df=y|2011|11|16}}<br />
|english_pub_date =<br />
|pages = 240<br />
|isbn = 8189995618<br />
|oclc =<br />
|preceded_by =<br />
|followed_by =<br />
}}<br />
'''''The Last Harvest: Paintings of Rabindranath Tagore''''' is a book on [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (1861–1941) and his paintings edited by [[R. Siva Kumar]]. In 2011 it was produced in conjunction with the traveling exhibition ''[[The Last Harvest: Paintings of Rabindranath Tagore]]''.<br />
<br />
==Exhibition==<br />
{{main|The Last Harvest: Paintings of Rabindranath Tagore}}<br />
The book was produced in conjunction with the traveling exhibition of Rabindranath Tagore's paintings as part of India's National Commemoration of the 150th Birth Anniversary of Rabindranath Tagore, organised by [[India]]'s [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]].<br />
<br />
==Contents==<br />
* Rabindranath Tagore – A Biographical Sketch<br />
* Rabindranath Tagore's [[Santiniketan]] – Where Life and Art Meet<br />
* Rabindranath Tagore's First Ever Exhibition in Paris<br />
* Rabindranath Tagore's Paintings in German<br />
* [[Stella Kramrisch]] and the [[Bauhaus]] in [[Calcutta]]<br />
* Tagore's Sense of Rhythm<br />
* Rabindrasangeet – Rabindranath Tagore's Musical Legacy<br />
* Engagement with Modernity – Paintings of Rabindranath Tagore in the [[National Gallery of Modern Art]], [[Delhi]]<br />
<br />
==Contributors==<br />
The book was edited by [[R. Siva Kumar]], with contributions by France Bhattacharya, Uma Das Gupta, Martin Kampchen, Lars-Christian Koch, Rajeev Lochan, Kris K. Manjapra, Kathleen O'Connell and [[William Radice]].<ref>[http://www.mapinpub.in/bookinfo.php?title=The_Last_Harvest The Last Harvest] at Mapin Publishing</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* ''[[Rabindra Chitravali]]'' – a 2011 publication in 4 volumes on Tagore's paintings, edited by [[R. Siva Kumar]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Rabindranath Tagore}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Last Harvest}}<br />
[[Category:Art history books]]<br />
[[Category:Works about art genres]]<br />
[[Category:Works about ideologies]]<br />
[[Category:Books by R. Siva Kumar]]<br />
[[Category:Works about Rabindranath Tagore]]<br />
[[Category:2011 non-fiction books]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{art-hist-book-stub}}</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uma_Nehru&diff=470385Uma Nehru2025-08-16T22:32:08Z<p>Rockybhai3: fixed content for consistency and added references</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian independence activist and politician (1884 – 1963)}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox politician<br />
| name = Uma Nehru<br />
| image =<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Portrait, Uma Nehru<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1884|3|8|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Agra]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British India]]<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|1963|8|28|1884|3|8|df=yes}}<br />
| death_place = Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India<br />
| monuments = <br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| other_names = <br />
| education = <br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| occupation = [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence activist]], [[Lok Sabha]] member<br />
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| spouse = Shamlal Nehru<br />
| children = [[Shyam Kumari Khan]]<br />Anand Kumar Nehru<br />
| parents = <br />
| relatives = See [[Nehru-Gandhi family]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Uma Nehru''' (8 March 1884 – 28 August 1963) was an Indian [[Indian independence movement|independence activist]] and politician.<br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
<br />
In the early 20th century, she was a frequent writer in ''[[Stree Darpan]]'', a woman's monthly magazine founded in 1909 by [[Rameshwari Nehru]], in which she expressed feminist views.<ref>{{Cite book | author = Anup Taneja | title = Gandhi, Women, and the National Movement, 1920–47 | pages = 46–47 | publisher = Har-Anand Publications | year = 2005 }}</ref><br />
<br />
She took part in the [[Salt March]] and the [[Quit India Movement]] and was subsequently imprisoned.<ref>{{Cite book | author = R. S. Tripathi, R. P. Tiwari | title = Perspectives on Indian Women | page = 143 | publisher = APH Publishing | year = 1999 | isbn = 81-7648-025-8 }}</ref> After the independence, she was twice elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Sitapur]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="loksabha">{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_12/900.htm|title=Members Bioprofile|publisher=164.100.47.132|access-date=2014-06-15}}</ref> From 1962 until her death, she was a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/n.pdf | title=Rajya Sabha | access-date=2024-01-30}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Born in [[Agra]], Nehru was educated at Saint Mary's Convent, [[Hubli]].<ref name="loksabha"/> In 1901, she married [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s cousin Shamlal. The couple had a daughter, [[Shyam Kumari Khan|Shyam Kumari]], and a son, Anand Kumar.<ref>[http://nehruportal.nic.in/family-tree Nehru-Gandhi family tree].</ref> Anand Kumar Nehru's son [[Arun Nehru]] was a [[Union Council of Ministers of India|Union Minister]] in [[Rajiv Gandhi]]'s government in the 1980s. Uma Nehru died on 28 August 1963 in Lucknow.<ref>{{cite news|title=Homage to Uma Nehru|date=30 August 1963|page=5}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
* [https://oaj.fupress.net/index.php/sdd/article/view/2520/2520 I primi passi del femminismo indiano: Rameshwari e Uma Nehru nell’India di inizio Novecento]<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nehru, Uma}}<br />
[[Category:1884 births]]<br />
[[Category:1963 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Women in Uttar Pradesh politics]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1952–1957]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1957–1962]]<br />
[[Category:Nehru–Gandhi family]]<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Women Indian independence activists]]<br />
[[Category:People from Agra]]<br />
[[Category:People from Sitapur district]]<br />
[[Category:Women members of the Lok Sabha]]<br />
[[Category:Women members of the Rajya Sabha]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{UttarPradesh-INC-politician-stub}}<br />
{{Feminist-stub}}<br />
{{India-journalist-stub}}</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Highway_23_(India,_old_numbering)&diff=520952National Highway 23 (India, old numbering)2025-07-29T17:50:11Z<p>Rockybhai3: Created redirect page</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[National Highway 143 (India)]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aamhi_Satpute&diff=484013Aamhi Satpute2025-05-13T16:02:24Z<p>Rockybhai3: </p>
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<div>{{Short description|2008 Indian film}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Aamhi Satpute<br />
| image = Amhi Satpute movie release poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Sachin Pilgaonkar]]<br />
| producer = Sachin Pilgaonkar<br />
| writer = Sachin Pilgaonkar<br/>Hemant Edlabadkar<br />
| production_companies = Kittu Films<br />
| starring = Sachin Pilgaonkar<br />[[Supriya Pilgaonkar]]<br />[[Swapnil Joshi]]<br />[[Amruta Sant]]<br />[[Ashok Saraf]]<br />
| music = Jitendra Kulkarni<ref name="music"/><br />
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Seven Brides for Seven Brothers]]'' (1954)|[[Stanley Donen]] (director)| [[Albert Hackett]], [[Frances Goodrich]], and [[Dorothy Kingsley]] (writers)}}<br />
| released = {{Film date|2008|04|18|India|df=y|ref1=<ref name="ReleaseDay">{{cite news |last1=Nivas |first1=Namita |title=Midas Touch! |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/midas-touch-/297109/0 |accessdate=18 May 2020 |work=Indian Express |date=17 April 2008}}</ref>}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Marathi<br />
| runtime = 135 minutes<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Aamhi Satpute''''' ({{Translation|We are seven brothers}}) is a 2008 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[comedy drama]] film directed and produced by [[Sachin Pilgaonkar]]. It stars Sachin Pilgaonkar, [[Supriya Pilgaonkar]], [[Swapnil Joshi]], [[Natarang|Amruta Sant]] and [[Ashok Saraf]]. The film was a remake of 1954 American film ''[[Seven Brides for Seven Brothers]]''. Supriya Pilgaonkar won [[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]] [[MFK Award for Favourite Actress|favourite actress]] for her performance in the movie. <br />
Also won favourite jodi award along with sachin Pilgaonkar <ref name="HT">{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=My film not a remake of Satte Pe Satta: Sachin |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/my-film-not-a-remake-of-satte-pe-satta-sachin/story-oDvlV2KZASuiZUx2NQTXfI.html |accessdate=18 May 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=14 April 2008 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Mukund (Kandya), a vegetable vendor, supplied vegetables to a hotel owned by Anna and her seven daughters. Annapurna (Purna), the eldest daughter, received a proposal from Chandya, but she wasn't interested. In that moment, with Kandya present, she expressed her preference for marrying him. Purna admired Kandya for his hard work in earning his meals, unlike Chandya, who she believed had it without putting in much effort.<br />
Kandya eventually agrees to Purna's proposal after appreciating her cooking skills and her insistence on completing her tasks before leaving with him. Although Purna accepts, thinking she will be taking care of only him, she is surprised upon reaching his home to find that he has six brothers – Batatya, Tambya, Harbharya, Dodkya, Kobya, and Chinglya – all living untidy lives. Feeling manipulated, Purna accuses Kandya, who acknowledges his need for her help due to the challenges of rural living. After a heated exchange, Kandya plans to sleep outside to save face with his brothers, but Purna allows him back inside after he attempts to sleep in a tree.<br />
<br />
The next day, Purna teaches Kandya and his brothers cleanliness and proper manners. Discovering that the brothers are unmarried and lack communication skills with women, Purna guides them to change their ways. Despite initial challenges, they learn from Milly's example. At a social gathering, the brothers meet six girls who catch their interest, leading to a brawl with suitors. Expelled from town, they pine for the women they fell in love with.<br />
<br />
As winter arrives, Purna, upset by the brothers' actions, forces them to live in the barn while the women stay in the house. Kandya leaves for a trapping cabin, and during winter, the women soften towards marriage. In spring, Purna announces she is having Kandya's baby, leading to everyone coming together to help. After the snow melts in Echo Pass, Kandya returns, and the townspeople worry about the missing women. Realizing the couples are unwilling to part, Purna encourages the brothers to marry the women, concluding their unique journey.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
<br />
* [[Sachin Pilgaonkar]] as Mukunda Satpute (Kaandya)<br />
* [[Supriya Pilgaonkar]] as Annapurna Bhosle-Satpute (Purna)<br />
* [[Ashok Saraf]] as Annasaheb Bhosle (Annapurna's father)<br />
* [[Swapnil Joshi]] as Chingalya Satpute (Kaandya's youngest brother)<ref>{{cite news |title=Swwapnil Joshi celebrates 12 years of 'Amhi Satpute' with THIS throwback poster from the film - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/swwapnil-joshi-celebrates-12-years-of-amhi-satpute-with-this-throwback-poster-from-the-film/articleshow/73058113.cms |accessdate=18 May 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=January 1, 2020 |language=en}}</ref><br />
* Amruta Sant as Chimu (Chingalya's girlfriend)<br />
* Kedar Shirsekar as Batatya Satpute<br />
* Bhagyashree Rane as Batatya's girlfriend <br />
* Nayan Jadhav as Tambya Satpute<br />
* Mrunali Mayuresh as Tambya's girlfriend <br />
* [[Vrishasen Dabholkar]] as Harbharya Satpute<br />
* Hemlata Bane as Harbharya's girlfriend<br />
* Sachin Kulkarni as Dodkya Satpute<br />
* Anita Chandrakant as Dodkya's girlfriend <br />
* Ananda Karekar as Kobya Satpute<br />
* Swati Deval as Kobya's girlfriend<br />
* [[Ali Asgar (actor)|Ali Asgar]] as tea seller in the song (Cameo)<br />
* [[Atul Parchure]] as Chandya (Annasaheb's nephew)<br />
* [[Nirmiti Sawant]] as Doctor (Cameo)<br />
* [[Anand Abhyankar]] as Jailor (Cameo)<br />
<br />
== Production and Release ==<br />
Before the release, Sachin commented that the movie was not a remake of ''[[Satte Pe Satta]]'' (1982), but instead was an adaptation of American film ''[[Seven Brides for Seven Brothers]]'' (1954).<ref name="HT"/> He said that ''Satte Pe Satta'' had a crime angle, while this film is a musical comedy. About the title, Sachin said, "Satpute is a common Marathi surname, and since the film has seven brothers, I thought it was an apt name for the film."<ref name="ReleaseDay"/> <br />
<br />
<br />
The film was released in theaters in Maharashtra on 18 April 2008.<ref name="ReleaseDay"/><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The movie soundtrack has 7 songs and was released by ''Video Palace''. Jitendra Kulkarni produced the music and lyrics were penned by Pravin Davane.<ref name="music">{{cite web |title=Aamhi Satpute Music |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/aamhi-satpute/Ih3snzThkBw_ |website=JioSaavn |date=January 2008 |accessdate=18 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="lyrics">{{cite web |title=Amhi Satpute Zee Talkies Moviepedia online at ZeeTalkies.com |url=http://www.zeetalkies.com/movies/amhi-satpute.html |publisher=Zee Talkies |accessdate=18 May 2020}}</ref> Singers include Sonu Nigam, Shankar Mahadevan, Nihira Joshi, Rajendra Salunkhe, Vibhavaree Apte-Joshi, Vaishali Samant, and Sachin.<ref name="ReleaseDay"/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|tt5335224|Amhi Satpute}}<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|m/amhi_satpute|Amhi Satpute}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2008 films]]<br />
[[Category:2000s Marathi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi-language comedy drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Sachin (actor)]]</div>Rockybhai3https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rokha&diff=530802Rokha2025-04-27T12:11:31Z<p>Rockybhai3: New some stub and citations</p>
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<div>{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Rokha<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = Village<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| image_map = Dih block map.png<br />
| map_caption = Map showing Rokha (#304) in Dih CD block<br />
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|26.172563|N|81.432818|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Do a radial search using these coordinates here|title=Geonames Search}}</ref><br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/><br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 18.991<br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 10292<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/><br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = <br />
| registration_plate = UP-35<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Rokha''' is a large village in [[Dih, Raebareli|Dih]] block of [[Rae Bareli district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Rae Bareli, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=393–409 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0927_PART_A_DCHB_RAE%20BARELI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=19 October 2021}}</ref> Historically the namesake of a [[pargana]], Rokha is a predominantly agricultural village consisting of many hamlets.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Rai Bareli: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XXXIX Of The District Gazetteers Of The United Provinces Of Agra And Oudh |date=1905 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=212–4 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35020 |access-date=19 October 2021}}</ref> It is located 28&nbsp;km from [[Raebareli]], the district headquarters.<ref name="Census 1981"/> The large village of [[Mau, Dih, Raebareli|Mau]] also borders Rokha to the north.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905"/> Rokha is connected by road with [[Nasirabad, Raebareli|Nasirabad]] and [[Jais]] to the northeast and [[Suchi, Raebareli|Suchi]] to the southwest.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905"/><br />
<br />
As of 2011, Rokha has a population of 10,292 people, in 1,801 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It has 7 primary schools and no healthcare facilities, and it hosts a weekly [[haat]] but not a permanent market.<ref name="Census 2011"/> Markets are held on Wednesdays and Sundays, and the main items traded include cloth, grain, [[jaggery|gur]], vegetables, and ornaments.<ref name="Census 1961"/> Rokha belongs to the [[nyaya panchayat]] of Mau.<ref name="Census 1991"/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
At the turn of the 20th century, Rokha was described as a large agricultural village located in the southern part of the pargana.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905"/> It held markets twice per week in the bazar, and it had a primary school.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905"/> As of 1901, the population was 3,486 people, including a Muslim minority of 583.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905"/> [[Ahir]]s were the main caste group in the village.<ref name="Gazetteer 1905"/> At that point, Rokha was held in [[taluqdar]]i tenure by the [[Kanhpuria]] raja of [[Tiloi]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1905"/> Also mentioned was "an old site close to the village on the south-west crowned by a Hindu temple."<ref name="Gazetteer 1905"/><br />
<br />
The [[1951 Census of India|1951 census]] recorded Rokha as comprising 41 hamlets, with a total population of 3,692 people (1,885 male and 1,807 female), in 844 households and 840 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1951">{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1951: District Census Handbook Uttar Pradesh (42 - Rae Bareli District) |date=1955 |location=Allahabad |pages=168–9 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/933/1/23644_1951_RAE.pdf |access-date=19 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 4,784 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1951"/> 183 residents were literate, 172 male and 11 female.<ref name="Census 1951"/> The village was listed as belonging to the pargana of Rokha and the [[thana]] of [[Nasirabad, Raebareli|Nasirabad]].<ref name="Census 1951"/><br />
<br />
The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Rokha as comprising 28 hamlets, with a total population of 4,252 people (2,150 male and 2,102 female), in 956 households and 876 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (39 - Raebareli District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=176, cii-ciii of section "Salon Tahsil" |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1047/1/22852_1961_RAE.pdf |access-date=19 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 4,784 acres and it had a post office at that point.<ref name="Census 1961"/> Average attendance of the village haat was about 50 people.<ref name="Census 1961"/><br />
<br />
The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Rokha as having a population of 5,806 people, in 1,456 households, and having an area of 1,936.83 [[hectare]]s.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Rae Bareli |date=1982 |pages=204–5 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1298/1/50861_1981_RAE.pdf |access-date=19 October 2021}}</ref> The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.<ref name="Census 1981"/><br />
<br />
The [[1991 Census of India|1991 census]] recorded Rokha as having a total population of 6,666 people (3,463 male and 3,203 female), in 1,392 households and 1,381 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1991">{{cite book |title=Census 1991 Series-25 Uttar Pradesh Part-XII B Village & Townwise Primary Census Abstract District Census Handbook District Raebareli |date=1992 |pages=xxiv-xxviii, 238–9 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1443/1/36846_1991_RAE.pdf |access-date=19 October 2021}}</ref> Members of the 0-6 age group numbered 1,339, or 20% of the total; this group was 51% male (683) and 49% female (656).<ref name="Census 1991"/> Members of [[scheduled castes]] made up 30.5% of the village's population, while no members of [[scheduled tribes]] were recorded.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The [[literacy rate]] of the village was 10% (456 men and 199 women).<ref name="Census 1991"/> 1,950 people were classified as main workers (1,770 men and 180 women), while 333 people were classified as marginal workers (28 men and 305 women); the remaining 4,383 residents were non-workers.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The breakdown of main workers by employment category was as follows: 1,229 cultivators (i.e. people who owned or leased their own land); 450 agricultural labourers (i.e. people who worked someone else's land in return for payment); 8 workers in livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting, plantations, orchards, etc.; 0 in mining and quarrying; 2 household industry workers; 99 workers employed in other [[manufacturing]], processing, service, and repair roles; 4 [[construction worker]]s; 46 employed in trade and commerce; 9 employed in transport, storage, and communications; and 105 in other services.<ref name="Census 1991"/><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Raebareli district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Raebareli district]]</div>Rockybhai3