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Ethnic groups in South Asia

2026-05-03T21:41:00Z

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{{Use British English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
'''Ethnic groups in South Asia''' are [[Ethnolinguistics|ethnolinguistic]] groupings within the diverse populations of [[South Asia]], including the countries of [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[India]], [[Maldives]], [[Nepal]], [[Pakistan]], and [[Sri Lanka]].<ref name="UN">{{cite web|title=UN Geoscheme|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm|access-date=16 April 2012|archive-date=7 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007090803/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Afghanistan]] is variously considered to be a part of both [[Central Asia]] and South Asia, which means [[Afghans]] are not always included among South Asians, but when they are, South Asia has a total population of about 2.04 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations |url=https://population.un.org/wpp/ |access-date=8 May 2024 |website=population.un.org |archive-date=17 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017012512/https://population.un.org/wpp/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Danico |first1=Mary Yu |title=Asian American Society: An Encyclopedia |date=2014 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-1-4522-8189-6 |page=838 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gZleBAAAQBAJ&q=South+asian+americans+Afghanistan&pg=PA838}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Glossary of terms relating to ethnicity and race: for reflection and debate|first=Raj|last=Bhopal|journal=Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health|volume=58|issue=6|pages=441–445|year=2004|doi=10.1136/jech.2003.013466|pmc=1732794|pmid=15143107}}</ref><ref name=BSA>{{cite web|url=http://www.britsoc.co.uk/media/25564/EqualityandDiversity_LanguageandtheBSA_RaceMar05.doc?1429559280759|title=Language and the BSA: Ethnicity & Race|publisher=British Sociological Association|date=March 2005|access-date=27 April 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427143029/http://www.britsoc.co.uk/media/25564/EqualityandDiversity_LanguageandtheBSA_RaceMar05.doc?1429559280759|archive-date=27 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sarwal |first1=Amit |title=Bridging Imaginations: South Asian Diaspora in Australia |date=2012 |publisher=Readworthy Publications |isbn=978-81-935345-4-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jt99DwAAQBAJ&q=South+asian+diaspora |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Lindsay2001">{{cite journal |last=Lindsay |first= olin |date=2001 |title=The South Asian Community |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-621-x/89-621-x2007006-eng.pdf |journal=Profiles of Ethnic Communities in Canada |location=Ottawa |publisher=Statistics Canada | access-date=9 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623200352/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-621-x/89-621-x2007006-eng.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2013}}</ref><ref>https://study.com/academy/lesson/asian-ethnic-groups.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124061329/https://study.com/academy/lesson/asian-ethnic-groups.html |date=24 November 2022 }} "South Asia is home to the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka."</ref><ref>https://minorityrights.org/minorities/south-asians/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529083857/https://minorityrights.org/minorities/south-asians/ |date=29 May 2023 }} "In the UK the term South Asian usually refers to people from the Indian subcontinent."</ref><ref>https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055159 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124061328/https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055159 |date=24 November 2022 }} "Individuals of South Asian (Bangladeshi, Bhutanese, Indian, Maldivian, Nepalese, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan) ancestry account for almost a quarter of the world’s population, and the South Asian diaspora is one of the largest and most widespread across the globe."</ref>

The majority of the population fall within three large [[language family|linguistic groups]]: [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan]], [[Dravidian people|Dravidian]], and [[Iranic peoples|Iranic]]. These groups are also further subdivided into numerous sub-groups, castes and tribes. Indo-Aryans form the predominant ethnolinguistic group in India ([[North India]], [[East India]], [[West India]], and [[Central India]]), Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chitta |first=Sridhar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fR1YEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA173 |title=The Knowledge in the Vedas |date=7 January 2022 |publisher=StoryMirror Infotech Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-93-92661-61-7 |pages=173 |language=en}}</ref> Dravidians form the predominant ethnolinguistic group in [[South India|southern India]], the northern and eastern regions of Sri Lanka and a small pocket of Pakistan.<ref name="SwanSmith2001">{{cite book |last1=Swan |first1=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6UIuWj9fQfQC&pg=PA227 |title=Learner English: A Teacher's Guide to Interference and Other Problems |last2=Smith |first2=Bernard |date=26 April 2001 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-77939-5 |page=227 |author-link1=Michael Swan (writer) |author-link2=Bernard Smith (art historian) |access-date=18 October 2016}}</ref> The [[Iranic peoples]] also have a significant presence in South Asia, the large majority of whom are located in Afghanistan and the northwestern and western parts of Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kachru |first1=Braj B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O2n4sFGDEMYC&pg=PA34 |title=Language in South Asia |last2=Kachru |first2=Yamuna |last3=Sridhar |first3=S. N. |date=27 March 2008 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-46550-2 |pages=34}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Pakistan |date=24 January 2024 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/ |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |access-date=12 May 2022 |archive-date=22 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322084620/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Minority groups not falling within either large group mostly speak languages belonging to the [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] and [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] language families, and largely live around [[Ladakh]] and [[Northeast India]], Nepal, Bhutan, and the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]] of Bangladesh. The [[Andamanese]] (Sentinel, Onge, Jarawa, and Great Andamanese) live in some of the Andaman Islands and speak a [[language isolate]], as do the [[Kusunda people|Kusunda]] in central Nepal,<ref>D.E. Watters, ''Notes on Kusunda (a language isolate of Nepal)'', Kathmandu 2005</ref> the [[Vedda people|Vedda]] in Sri Lanka, and the [[Nihali]] of Central India, who number about 5,000 people. The people of the [[Hunza Valley]] in Pakistan are another distinct population; they speak [[Burushaski]], a language isolate.

The traditions of different ethnic groups in South Asia have diverged, influenced by external cultures, especially in the northwestern parts of South Asia and also in the border regions and busy ports, where there are greater levels of contact with external cultures. There is also a lot of genetic diversity within the region. For example, most of the ethnic groups of the [[Northeast India|northeastern parts]] of South Asia are genetically related to peoples of [[East Asia|East]] or [[Southeast Asia]]. There are also genetically isolated groups who have not been genetically influenced by other groups, such as the [[Jarawas (Andaman Islands)|Jarawa people]] of the [[Andaman Islands]]. The largest ethnolinguistic group in South Asia are the Indo-Aryans, numbering around 1 billion, and the largest subgroup are the native speakers of [[Central Indo-Aryan languages|Hindi languages]], numbering more than 470 million.

These groups are based solely on a linguistic basis and not on a genetic basis.

==List of ethnic groups on the basis of language==
[[File:South Asian Language Families.jpg|thumb|South Asian language families]]

===Andamanese groups===
{{Main|Andamanese peoples}}
* [[Great Andamanese]]
* [[Jangil]]
* [[Jarawa (Andaman Islands)|Jarawa]]
* [[Onge people|Onge]]
* [[Sentinelese people|Sentinelese]]

===Austroasiatic people===
{{Main|Austroasiatic peoples of South Asia}}
* [[Khasi people]]
** [[Pnar people|Pnar/Jaintia]]
* [[Munda peoples]]
** [[Asur people]]
** [[Birhor people]]
** [[Bhumij people]]
** [[Bonda people]]
** [[Ho people]]
** [[Juang people]]
** [[Kharia people]]
** [[Korku people]]
** [[Mahle people]]
** [[Munda people|Mundari people]]
** [[Santali people]]
** [[Sora people]]
* [[Nicobarese people]]
* [[Shompen people]]

===Austronesian people===
* [[Sri Lankan Malays]]

===Dravidian people===
{{Main|Dravidian peoples}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Badagas]]
* [[Brahui people]]
* [[Gondi people]]
* [[Irulas]]
* [[Kannadigas]]
* [[Khond people]]
* [[Kodava people|Kodava]]
* [[Kurukh people|Kurukh/Oraon]]
* [[Malayali]]
* [[Malto people]]
** [[Sauria Paharia people]]
* [[Tamil people]]
** [[Tamil people|Indian Tamils]]
*** [[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka]]
** [[Sri Lankan Tamils]]
* [[Telugu people]]
* [[Toda people]]
* [[Tulu people]]
{{div col end}}

===Indo-Aryan people===
{{Main|Indo-Aryan peoples}}
[[Image:Major Indo-Aryan languages.png|thumb|200px|The extent of Indo-Aryan languages in South Asia]]
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Assamese people]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p9PkFF3uq_8C&pg=PA5 |title=Fragmented Memories|author=[[Yasmin Saikia]]|isbn=0822333732|date=9 November 2004
|publisher=Duke University Press}}</ref>
* [[Awadhi people]]
* [[Baiga people]]
* [[Banjara|Banjara people]]
* [[Bhojpuri people]]
* [[Bhoksa people]]
* [[Bengalis|Bengali people]]
* [[Bhil people]]
* [[Brokpa people]]
* [[Chitrali people]]
* [[Deccani Muslims|Deccani people]]
* [[Dhivehi people]]
* [[Dogra people]]
* [[Garhwali people]]
* [[Gurjars]]
* [[Gujarati people]]
* [[Haryanvi people]]
* [[Indus Kohistani people]]
* [[Kalash people]]
* [[Kamrupi people]]
* [[Kashmiri people]]
* [[Khas people]]
* [[Kho people]]
* [[Konkani people]]
* [[Kumaoni people]]
* [[Kutchi people]]
* [[Maithili people]]
* [[Maldivians|Maldivian people]]
* [[Marathi people]]
* [[Magahi people]]
* [[Meo (ethnic group)]]
* [[Meena|Meena people]]
* [[Muhajir people]]
* [[Nagpuria people]]
* [[Odia people]]
* [[Pahari people (Kashmir)]]
* [[Pahari people (Nepal)]]
* [[Parsi people]]
* [[Pashayi people]]
* [[Punjabi people]]
** [[Hindkowans]]
* [[Rajbongshi people]]
* [[Rajasthani people]]
** [[Marwaris]]
* [[Rohingya people]]
* [[Sindhi people]]
** [[Memons]]
* [[Saraiki people]]
* [[Saurashtra people]]
* [[Sinhalese people]]
* [[Shina people]]
* [[Sylheti people]]
* [[Tirahi|Tirahi people]]
* [[Tharu people]]
* [[Torwali people]]
{{div col end}}

===Iranic people===
* [[Afghan Qizilbash]]
* [[Aimaq people]]
* [[Baloch people]]
* [[Hazara people]]
* [[Irani (India)|Irani people]]
* [[Pamiris]]
* [[Pashtun people]]
** [[Rohilla|Rohilla people]]
* [[Tajiks of Pakistan]]
* [[Wakhi people]]
* [[Yidgha-Munji people]]

===Nuristani people===
{{Main|Nuristani peoples}}
* [[Nuristani people]]
** [[Kata people]]
** [[Kom people (Afghanistan)|Kom people]]
** [[Mumo|Mumo people]]

===Semitic people===
* [[Arabs]] or [[Jews]] and mixed
** [[Arab (Gujarat)|Arabs in Gujarat]]
** [[Sri Lankan Moors]] (trace ancestry to Arab traders who settled in Sri Lanka and native Tamil women)
** [[Iraqi biradri]] - a community of Muslims in north India (trace ancestry from Arab tribe of [[Bani Tamim]])
** [[Labbay]] Arab traders who settled in South India
** [[Konkani Muslims]] trace their ancestry to Arab traders.
** [[Mappila Muslims]] trace their ancestry to Arab traders.
** [[Chaush]] trace ancestors to traders from [[Yemen]].
** [[Syrian Malabar Nasranis|Nasrani Mapilla]] who trace their origins to Jewish traders
** [[Knanaya]] Syriac Christians who trace their origins to Mesopotamia
** [[Thangal]]
* [[Arabs in Afghanistan]]
* [[Indian Jews]]
** [[Cochin Jews]] (Malayali Jews)
** [[Bene Israel]] (Marathi Jews)
** [[Baghdadi Jews]] ([[Arab Jews]] in [[Bengal]])
** [[Bnei Menashe]] ([[Mizo people|Mizo]] and [[Kuki peoples|Kuki]] Jews)
** [[Bene Ephraim]] (Telugu Jews)
** [[Paradesi Jews]] ([[European Jews]] in India)

===Tai people===
* [[Ahom people]]
* [[Tai Aiton people|Tai Aiton]]
* [[Tai Phake people|Tai Phake]] or Tai Phakial

===Tibeto-Burman people===
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Bodo–Kachari people]]
** [[Bodo people|Bodo]]
** [[Dimasa people|Dimasa]]
** [[Garo people|Garo]]
** [[Hajong people|Hajong]]
** [[Sonowal Kacharis|Sonowal]]
** [[Sutiya people|Sutiya]]
* [[Chakma people]]
* [[Chepang people|Chepang]]
* [[Gurung]]
* [[Khowa people|Khowa]]
* [[Kirati people]]
** [[Rai (ethnic group)|Rai]]
** [[Limbu people|Limbu]]
** [[Yakkha people|Yakkha]]
** [[Sunuwar people|Sunuwar]]
** [[Jirel people|Jirel]]
** [[Hayu people|Hayu]]
** [[Dhimal]]
* [[Lepcha people]]
* [[Magar people]]
* [[Memba]]
* [[Meitei people]] ([[Manipuri people]])
* [[Naga people]]
** [[Anāl people]]
** [[Angami Naga]]
*** [[Southern Angami]]
** [[Ao Naga]]
** [[Chakhesang Naga]]
** [[Chang Naga]]
** [[Chiru Naga]]
** [[Chothe people]]
** [[Khiamniungan people|Khiamniungan Naga]]
** [[Konyak Naga]]
** [[Lainong Naga]]
** [[Lamkang people]]
** [[Lotha Naga]]
** [[Mao people]]
** [[Maram people]]
** [[Maring people]]
** [[Monsang people]]
** [[Moyon Naga people|Moyon Naga]]
** [[Nocte people|Nocte Naga]]
** [[Para Naga]]
** [[Poumai people]]
** [[Phom Naga]]
** [[Pochury Naga]]
** [[Rengma Naga]]
** [[Sangtam Naga]]
** [[Sümi Naga]]
** [[Tangkhul people]]
** [[Tangsa Naga]]
** [[Tarao people]]
** [[Thangal people]]
** [[Tikhir Naga]]
** [[Tutsa Naga]]
** [[Wancho Naga]]
** [[Yimkhiung Naga]]
*** [[Chirr Naga]]
*** [[Makury Naga]]
** [[Zeliangrong]]
*** [[Inpui people]]
*** [[Liangmai people]]
*** [[Rongmei people]]
*** [[Zeme people|Zeme Naga]]
* [[Newar people]]
* [[Nishi (tribe)|Nishi]]
* [[Rakhine people|Rakhine]]
* [[Tamang people|Tamang]]
* [[Thakali people|Thakali]]
* [[Tibetans]] and [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan-speaking]] peoples
** [[Ladakh#Demographics|Tibetan Ladakhis]]
** [[Uttarakhandi Bhotiya]]
** [[Sikkimese people]]
*** [[Bhutia]]s
** [[Monpa people|Monpa]]
*** [[Takpa]]
*** [[Tshangla]]
** [[Sherpas]]
** [[Bhotiya]]s
** [[Sherdukpen]]
** [[Aka (tribe)|Aka]]
** [[Miji people|Miji]]
** [[Tibetan Muslim]]
*** [[Purigpa|Burig]]
*** [[Balti people|Baltis]]
* [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]]
* [[Karbi people]] or [[Mikir]]
* [[Thami]]
* [[Zo people]]
** [[Bawm people]]
** [[Chin people|Chin]]
** [[Kuki people|Kuki]]
*** [[Halam tribe|Halam]]
*** [[Hrangkhol people|Hrangkhol]]
** [[Mizo people|Mizo]]
{{div col end}}

===Turkic people===
* [[Turks in India]]
* [[Rowther]] are descendants of [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuk Turks]] in [[Turco-Persian tradition|Turko-Persian tradition]]. They have since become the tradition of Turko-Indian in 11th Century.
* [[Turkic people in Afghanistan]]
** [[Uzbeks]]
** [[Afghan Turkmens]]
* [[Mughal (tribe)|Mughal (Moghul)]] (A [[Sunni]] [[Islamic]] dynasty of Asia which originated in Central Asia)
** [[Chughtai]] [[Tartars]] (Those people who originated in [[Uzbekistan]] and fought for [[Chagatai Khan]] who was son of [[Genghis Khan]]).
** [[Barlas]] (A [[Turkification|Turkified]] Mongol tribe to which [[Babur]] belonged)
** [[Changezi]] (Those who were in army of [[Hulagu Khan]])
* [[Turkic people in Pakistan]]
** [[Kyrgyz in Pakistan]]
** [[Turkmen in Pakistan]]
** [[Uyghurs in Pakistan]]
** [[Uzbeks in Pakistan]]

===Linguistic isolate groups===
* [[Hunza people]]
* [[Kusunda people|Kusunda]]
* [[Nihali language|Nahali]]
* [[Vedda people|Vedda]]

===Afro-Asian groups===
{{Main|Afro-Asians in South Asia}}
* [[Chaush]]
* [[Sheedi|Sheedis/Siddis]], an ethnic community of [[Black African]] descent, found primarily in Pakistan, Gujarat, and Karnataka.
* [[Sri Lanka Kaffir people|Sri Lanka Kaffirs]]

===European and Eurasian people===
* [[Anglo-Burmese]]
* [[Anglo-Indian]]
* [[Armenians in Bangladesh|Bangladeshi-Armenians]]
* [[Burgher people]]
* [[French people in India|French-Indian]]
* [[Luso-Indian]]

===East Asian people===
* [[Chinese diaspora]] in South Asia
** [[Chinese people in Bangladesh|Bangladeshi Chinese]]
** [[Chinese community in India|Indian Chinese]]
** [[Chinese people in Pakistan|Pakistani Chinese]]
** [[Chinese people in Sri Lanka|Sri Lankan Chinese]]

==Diaspora==
{{Main|South Asian diaspora}}
Many South Asian ethnic groups and nationalities have substantial diasporas.
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[South Asian American]]
** [[Bangladeshi American]]
** [[Bengali American]]
** [[Gujarati Americans|Gujarati American]]
** [[Indian American]]
*** [[Indo-Caribbean American]]
*** [[Indo-Fijian#Diaspora|Indo-Fijian American]]
** [[Nepalese American]]
** [[Afghan Americans]]
** [[Bhutanese Americans]]
** [[Maldivian Americans]]
** [[Pakistani American]]
** [[Punjabi American]]
** [[Sindhi Americans|Sindhi American]]
** [[Sri Lankan American]]
** [[Tamil American]]
** [[Telugu Americans|Telugu American]]
* [[South Asian Canadian]]
** [[Bangladeshi Canadian]]
** [[Indo-Canadian]]
** [[Nepalese Canadian]]
** [[Pakistani Canadian]]
** [[Afghan Canadian]]
** [[Sri Lankan Canadian]]
** [[Tamil Canadian]]
* [[British South Asian]]
** [[British Bangladeshi]]
** [[British Indian]]
*** [[British Indo-Caribbean people]]
** [[British Nepalese]]
** [[British Pakistani]]
** [[British Afghans]]
** [[British Tamil]]
** [[Sri Lankans in the United Kingdom]]
** [[Mauritians in the United Kingdom]]
** [[Asian-Scots]]
* [[South Asian Australian]]
** [[Bangladeshi Australian]]
** [[Indian Australian]]
** [[Nepalese Australian]]
** [[Pakistani Australian]]
** [[Sri Lankan Australian]]
* [[Indian New Zealanders]]
* [[Malaysian Indian]]
** [[Tamil Malaysians]]
** [[Chitty]]
* [[Indians in Singapore]]
* [[Nepalis in Singapore]]
* [[Nepalese people in Malaysia]]
* [[Indian Indonesian]]
* [[Indo-Mauritian]]
** [[Bihari Mauritian]]
* [[Indo-Caribbean]]
** [[Indians in Barbados]]
** [[Indians in Belize]]
** [[Indians in the Dominican Republic]]
** [[Indians in French Guiana]]
** [[Indo-Grenadians]]
** [[Indians in Guadeloupe]]
** [[Indo-Guyanese]]
** [[Indo-Haitians]]
** [[Indo-Jamaican]]
** [[Indo-Martiniquais]]
** [[Indo-Saint Lucian]]
** [[Indo-Surinamese]]
** [[Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonian]]
** [[Indo-Vincentian]]
* Indians in South America
** [[Indians in Argentina]]
** [[Indians in Brazil]]
** [[Indians in Panama]]
** [[Indians in Venezuela]]
* [[Burmese Indians]]
* [[South Asians in Hong Kong]]
* [[South Asians in the Philippines]]
* [[South Asians in the Netherlands]]
* [[Indians in Germany]]
* [[Nepalis in Germany]]
* [[Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa]]
** [[Indian South Africans]]
*** [[Tamil South Africans]]
** [[Indians in Botswana]]
** [[Indians in Kenya]]
** [[Indians in Madagascar]]
** [[Indo-Mauritian]]
*** [[Bihari Mauritian]]
** [[Indians in Mozambique]]
** [[Indo-Réunionnaise]]
** [[Indo-Seychellois]]
** [[Indians in Tanzania]]
** [[Indians in Uganda]]
** [[Indians in Zambia]]
** [[Indians in Zimbabwe]]
* [[Indians in Iran]]
* [[Indians in Kuwait]]
* [[Indians in Thailand]]
* [[Indians in the United Arab Emirates]]
* [[Indians in Vietnam]]
* [[Indians in Qatar]]
* [[Indians in Bahrain]]
* [[Indians in Panama]]
* [[Indian diaspora in France]]
* [[Indians in Israel]]
* [[Indians in Italy]]
* [[Indians in Portugal]]
* [[Indian community in Spain]]
* [[Indians in Fiji|Indo-Fijian]]
** [[South Indians in Fiji]]
* [[Lhotshampa]]
* [[Mahajir (Pakistan)|Muhajir people]]
{{div col end}}
See also [[Bangladeshi diaspora]], [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Indian diaspora]], [[Non Resident Nepali|Nepalese diaspora]], [[Pakistani diaspora]], [[Afghan diaspora]], and .

===Ethnolinguistic diasporas===
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Bengali diaspora]]
* [[Bihari diaspora]]
* [[Gujarati diaspora]]
* [[Kashmiri diaspora]]
* [[Malayali diaspora]]
* [[Maharashtra Mandal|Marathi diaspora]]
* [[Mizo diaspora]]
* [[Odia diaspora]]
* [[Punjabi diaspora]]
* [[Sindhi diaspora]]
* [[Tamil diaspora]]
** [[Puducherry diaspora]]
** [[Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora]]
** [[Tamil Nadu diaspora]]
* [[Telugu diaspora]]
* [[Sindhi diaspora]]
* [[South Indian diaspora]]
{{div col end}}

===Other diasporas===
Two (or possibly three) other people groups have ethnic and linguistic ties with the region:
* [[Dom people]]
* [[Romani people]]
* [[Lom people]] (who speak a language both related to Indo-Aryan and Armenian)

==See also==
* [[Immigration to Bangladesh]]
* [[Immigration to India]]
* [[Languages of South Asia]]
* [[Languages of Bangladesh]]
* [[Languages of Bhutan]]
* [[Languages of India]]
* [[Maldives#Languages|Languages of Maldives]]
* [[Languages of Nepal]]
* [[Languages of Pakistan]]
* [[Languages of Sri Lanka]]
* [[List of indigenous peoples#South Asia|List of indigenous peoples of South Asia]]
* [[List of Scheduled Tribes in India]]
* [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]]
* [[South Asian diaspora]]
* [[Desi]]
* [[Ethnic groups in Pakistan]]
* [[Ethnic groups in Nepal]]
* [[Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia]]
* [[Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia]]

'''National demographics:'''
* [[Demographics of Bangladesh]]
* [[Demographics of Bhutan]]
* [[Demographics of India]]
* [[Demographics of the Maldives]]
* [[Demographics of Nepal]]
* [[Demographics of Pakistan]]
* [[Demographics of Sri Lanka]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
16. Vij SB, Webb ML. Culturally competent occupational therapy practice for South Asians in the United States of America: A narrative review. Indian J Occup Ther 2022;54:4-9.

==External links==
{{commons category-inline|Ethnic groups in India}}
{{commons category-inline|Ethnic groups in Pakistan}}
{{Commons category-inline|Ethnic groups in Nepal}}

{{South Asian topics}}
{{Ethnic groups in India}}
{{Ethnic groups in Pakistan}}
{{Ethnic groups in Bangladesh}}
{{Ethnic groups in Afghanistan}}
{{Ethnic groups in Nepal}}
{{Ethnic groups in Sri Lanka}}
{{Ethnic groups in Bhutan}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ethnic groups in South Asia| ]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups by region]]

M. R. Patil (politician)

2026-05-02T14:48:48Z

Robertoson: Started The Post First Draft...

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1962)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

'''M. R. Patil''' (born 1962) is an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]]. He is an MLA from [[Kundgol Assembly constituency]] in [[Dharwad district]]. He won the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Kundgol Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: M R Patil Of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/kundgol-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-7794679.html |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka Election Results 2023 Constituency Wise Winning Candidates List |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/karnataka-election-results-2023-constituency-wise-winning-candidates-list |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Patil is from [[Kundgol]], Dharwad district. His father is Rayanagouda. He completed his graduation in commerce in 1983 at J.G Commerce College, Hubli.<ref>{{Cite web |title=M R Patil(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- KUNDGOL(DHARWAD) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Karnataka2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=7499 |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Patil won from Kundgol Assembly constituency representing Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election. He polled 76,105 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Kusuma Shivalli]] of [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 35,341 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Karnataka election results 2023: Full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/karnataka-election-results-full-list-of-winners-8606612/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Kundgol Election Result 2023 Live: Bjp Candidate M R Patil Wins From Kundgol |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/kundgol-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-name-bjp-congress-jds-karnataka-assembly-election-result-1601789 |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/members.htm Karnataka Legislative Assembly]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Patil, M. R. }}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Dharwad district]]

Retro (film)

2026-05-01T05:40:34Z

Robertoson: Made new details - done

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Short description|2025 Indian film by Karthik Subbaraj}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Retro film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Karthik Subbaraj]]
| writer = Karthik Subbaraj
| producer = [[Jyothika]] [[Suriya]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* Suriya
* [[Pooja Hegde]]
}}
| cinematography = Shreyaas Krishna
| editing = Shafique Mohamed Ali
| music = [[Santhosh Narayanan]]
| studio = [[Stone Bench Creations|Stone Bench Films]] [[2D Entertainment]]
| distributor = [[#Distribution|see below]]
| released = {{Film date|2025|05|01|df=y}}
| runtime = 168 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Goutham |date=17 April 2025 |title=Retro: Release date, certification, plot, runtime, and cast; everything to know about Suriya and Pooja Hegde starrer |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/retro-release-date-certification-plot-runtime-and-cast-everything-to-know-about-suriya-and-pooja-hegde-starrer-1383113 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250512205530/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/retro-release-date-certification-plot-runtime-and-cast-everything-to-know-about-suriya-and-pooja-hegde-starrer-1383113 |archive-date=12 May 2025 |access-date=17 April 2025 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}60–65 crore<ref name="budget2">{{Cite web |date=2 May 2025 |title=Retro box office collection Day 2: Suriya's movie off to a strong start |url=https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/retro-box-office-collection-day-2-suriya-s-movie-off-to-a-strong-start-nc-125050200996_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524083949/https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/retro-box-office-collection-day-2-suriya-s-movie-off-to-a-strong-start-nc-125050200996_1.html |archive-date=24 May 2025 |access-date=10 May 2025 |website=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref>
| gross = {{estimation}} {{INR|250 crore}}{{efn|name="bo"|''Retro''{{'}}s reported worldwide grosses vary between
₹80 crore
(''[[The New Indian Express]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Suriya and Pooja Hegde's 'Retro' to stream on Netflix from May 31 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2025/May/26/suriya-and-pooja-hegdes-retro-to-stream-on-netflix-from-may-31 |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=10 October 2025 |language=en |date=26 May 2025 |archive-date=1 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250901052836/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2025/May/26/suriya-and-pooja-hegdes-retro-to-stream-on-netflix-from-may-31 |url-status=live }}</ref>) –
₹110 crore (''[[Times Internet|Indiatimes]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Retro movie BO verdict: Suriya's Tamil actioner makes Rs 110 cr, trade analyst says 'figure is low compared to expectations'|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/originals/retro-movie-bo-verdict-suriyas-tamil-actioner-makes-rs-110-cr-trade-analyst-says-figure-is-low-compared-to-expectations/articleshow/122742856.html|website=Indiatimes|language=en |date= 3 June 2025}}</ref>) –
₹250 crore (''[[News7 Tamil]]''<ref>{{cite web |title='ரெட்ரோ' படத்தின் ஓடிடி ரிலீஸ் தேதி மாற்றம்! |url=https://news7tamil.live/retro-ott-release-date-changed.html |website=News7 Tamil |access-date=10 October 2025 |language=ta |date=28 May 2025}}</ref>)}}
}}

'''''Retro''''' (taglined '''''Love-Laughter-War''''') is a 2025 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic action film]]<ref name="ReporterTV(2024-10-17)">{{Cite web |date=17 Oct 2024 |title=റൊമാന്റിക് നായകന്റെ തിരിച്ചുവരവ്? സൂര്യ 44 നിറയെ ആക്ഷനുള്ള ലവ് സ്റ്റോറിയെന്ന് കാർത്തിക്ക് സുബ്ബരാജ് |url=https://www.reporterlive.com/amp/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/10/17/suriya-44-is-a-love-story-not-a-gangster-film-says-karthik-subbaraj |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524084634/https://www.reporterlive.com/amp/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/10/17/suriya-44-is-a-love-story-not-a-gangster-film-says-karthik-subbaraj |archive-date=2025-05-24 |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=[[Reporter TV]] |language=ml}}</ref> written and directed by [[Karthik Subbaraj]]. Produced by [[Stone Bench Creations]] and [[2D Entertainment]], the film stars [[Suriya]] and [[Pooja Hegde]] in the lead roles. In the film, Paarivel "Paari" Kannan, an orphan raised by a gangster, faces betrayal and a violent cult as he searches for his true origins, fulfils a prophecy, and tries to reunite with his lost love, Rukmini.

The film was announced in March 2024 under the tentative title ''Suriya 44'',{{efn|Suriya's 44th film as the lead actor}} along with the tagline ''Love, Laughter, War.'' The title was revealed in December 2024. [[Principal photography]] commenced in June 2024 and [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] by early October. Filming locations included the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[Ooty]], [[Kerala]] and [[Chennai]]. The film has music composed by [[Santhosh Narayanan]], cinematography handled by Shreyaas Krishna and editing by Shafique Mohamed Ali.

''Retro'' was released on 1 May 2025 in standard and [[Qube Cinema Technologies#EPIQ|EPIQ]] formats. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised Suriya and Hegde's performances, first half and technical aspects, but some noted issues with the pacing and overstuffed plot. It emerged as a major commercial success, grossing {{INR}}250 crore worldwide against a budget of {{INR}}60–65 crore, becoming one of the [[List of Tamil films of 2025|highest-grossing Tamil films of 2025]] and the highest-grossing film of Suriya's career.{{efn|name="bo"}}

==Plot==

In 1960s [[Thoothukudi]], Sandhya adopts an orphaned infant with a spear-shaped scar on his stomach. She names him Paarivel "Paari" Kannan, raising him lovingly, while her gangster husband, Thilagan, refuses to acknowledge the boy. After Sandhya's death, a teenage Paari meets Rukmini at their mothers’ funeral rites in [[Varanasi]]. On their train back to Thoothukudi, when Thilagan is ambushed, Paari saves him, earning Thilagan's reluctant respect.

By 1989, Thilagan remarries and has a biological son. Paari remains loyal to him and his criminal empire, though his new wife sees him only as a henchman. Reuniting with Rukmini, now a veterinarian, Paari falls deeply in love. After four years of courtship, in 1993, they plan to get married. At their wedding, Paari announces that he is leaving the life of crime. However, Thilagan accuses him of sabotaging a high-stakes arms deal—code-named “Gold Fish”—involving weapons smuggled for a prime ministerial candidate, Dharman. Paari admits guilt but withholds the location of the cache. Enraged, Thilagan tries to kill Rukmini, but Paari retaliates, severing Thilagan's hand in the process. Paari is immediately arrested and imprisoned. Heartbroken by his return to violence, Rukmini leaves him and moves to an undisclosed location.

Five years later, in 1998, Paari is promised early release if he fights for a secretive cult. Learning Rukmini is in the [[Andaman Islands]], he escapes custody and heads there. To win her back, he kidnaps Chaplin Laali, a comedic therapist, and impersonates him. The real Laali, under duress, plays along. On the island, Paari performs as Laali and reunites with Rukmini, who is unaware of his disguise. The island is ruled by the tyrannical Lord Milton and his son, Freddie, who abuses animals and harasses Rukmini. When Freddie goes too far, Paari violently attacks him. A humiliated Freddie hires a cult leader to capture Paari. Recognizing him, the cult leader informs his boss, Michael, and alerts Thilagan.

Michael runs the deadly "Rubber Cult", with gladiator-style games between the island's rich and the enslaved poor. The matches are rigged, and the losers are fed to crocodiles by Michael's father Rajavel. Michael exposes Paari's true identity during a comedy show, shocking Rukmini, who walks away in disbelief. Paari accepts her decision and joins the cult. In his first match, Paari's brutal skill leaves the audience stunned. Michael sees Paari as a star and throws a party to celebrate. There, a drunk Paari lets slip the secret location of the Gold Fish cache. Later, when attacked by enslaved locals, they spot his scar and realize he is the prophesied child from a local legend—one destined to return a sacred spear of Jada Muni and kill Rajavel.

They reveal Paari's true identity: he was born to Pasupathy and Lakshmi, islanders who had twins—Paari, who was actually named Jada Muni by his biological parents, and a sister. Fearing Rajavel's wrath, they smuggled Paari to India. Sandhya adopted him after his protector was killed. Now aware of his roots, Paari meets his real father, Pasupathy. The next day, Paari returns to the arena, fighting for the poor. After winning, he names Michael and Rajavel the weakest, condemning them to death. Paari defeats Michael in a brutal duel but spares his life, humiliating him instead. Paari then storms Rajavel's estate. Rajavel feels insulted at being killed by his slaves, so he shoots himself, and Paari reclaims the sacred spear.

At Jada Muni's temple, Paari returns the spear to the astrologer and reunites with Pallavi and his twin sister. Rukmini, finally understanding the full truth, reconciles with Paari. He promises her that he has found his dhammam—his true path—and renounced violence. However, the peace is brief, as Thilagan, Michael, and Freddie arrive at the temple to kill them. They are shocked to find Paari's family and the islanders aiming bazookas at them—revealed to be the long-lost Gold Fish weapons. Thilagan realizes that Paari outwitted them all. Paari calmly tells his mother to fire. Lakshmi, now empowered, fires a warning shot, forcing their surrender. The next day, the islanders rejoice in their newfound freedom as Paari and Rukmini finally marry, fulfilling both prophecy and love.

== Cast ==
{{castlist|
* [[Suriya]] as Paarivel "Paari" Kannan / Jada Muni, Rukku's love interest, later turned husband
** Harish as teenage Paari
** Nithran Sai as child Paari
* [[Pooja Hegde]] as Dr. Rukmini "Rukku", a pacifist [[Veterinarian]] and Paari's love interest, later turned wife
** Aavni as young Rukmini
* [[Jayaram]] as Dr. Chaplin Lolly, a humourist
* [[Joju George]] as Thilagan, Paari's adoptive father
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Rajavel Mirasu, Michael's father
* [[Prakash Raj]] as Dharman, a politician
* Vidhu as Michael Mirasu, Rajavel's son
** Sanjay as young Michael
* [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]] as Anthony
* Gajaraj as Lord Milton
* [[Swasika]] as Sandhya, Thilagan's first wife and Paari's adoptive mother
* [[Remya Suresh]] as Lakshmi, Paari's biological mother
* Sabitha Roy as Paari's biological sister
* Avinash Raghudevan as Prabhu
* Rakesh Rakku as Paraman
* Kumar Natarajan as Guruman
* Kaarthekeyen Santhanam as Hakkim
* Thamizh as Pasupathy, Paari's biological father
* [[Sujith Shankar]] as Freddie Milton
* Vettai Muthukumar as Bakyam
* [[Singampuli]] as Rukmini's father
* Sathya as Rukmini's friend
* Rajsekar Karpoorasundarapandian as a school headmaster
* Vijay Muthu as Vijay Muthu
* [[Prem Kumar (Tamil actor)|Prem Kumar]] as Murugan
* Sandeep Raj as Rangan
* [[Ramachandran Durairaj]] as Ramachandran
* MD Asif as Red Team Head
* Arul as Pasupathy's aide
* Murugavel as Murugavel
* Muthupandii as Muthupandi
* Manoj as Semba
* Yamuna as Pallavi
* Nithish
* Thirshiv
* Sanjay
* [[Sai Dheena]] as Dheena
* Seemon Abbas as Hakkim's aide
* Mohan Das as an astrologer
* Aranganathan as a doctor
* Ashokraja as a jailer
* Sooraj as a jailer
* Manoj as Shanmugapandi
* Merlin as Shanmugapandi's wife
* Sathuryan as a Saamiyar
* Selvakumar as Andaman Forest Police
* Jeeva Pandi as young Paari's enemy
* Vinoth as young Paari's enemy
* Alavudeen as a convict
* Gana Kamarah as convict
* Vetri Gopi GPR as convict
* Ezhil as Anthony's aide
* Santhosh Kanna as Anthony's aide
* Naveen as Anthony's aide
* Hari Krishna as Freddie's aide
* Surendhar as Freddie's aide
* Sai Dinesh as Freddie's aide
* Giridharaja as Freddie's aide
* [[Shriya Saran]] as Blue Thorn, dancer in the song "Love Detox" (special appearance)
* [[Santhosh Narayanan]] as Innisai, dancer, musician in the song "[[Kanimaa]]" (special appearance)
}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
{{Multiple image
| image1 = Suriya spotted outside Abundantia Entertainments office in Mumbai (cropped).jpg
| image2 = Karthik Subbaraj at Iraivi Press Meet.jpg
| footer = The film is the first collaboration of [[Suriya]] and [[Karthik Subbaraj]].
| total_width = 250
| align = right
}}
While working on [[Mahaan (2022 film)|''Mahaan'']] in mid 2021, director [[Karthik Subbaraj]] had narrated a script to [[Suriya]] which impressed the actor. However, since the script required extensive pre-production and filming time, they decided to proceed with another script that also impressed him.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2025 |title=Retro is a love story, confirms Karthik Subbaraj; reveals this wasn't the first script he narrated to Suriya: 'He wanted to try something new' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/suriya-film-retro-is-a-love-story-confirms-director-karthik-subbaraj-9957138/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422151314/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/suriya-film-retro-is-a-love-story-confirms-director-karthik-subbaraj-9957138/lite/ |archive-date=22 April 2025 |access-date=22 April 2025 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 April 2024 |title=Suriya and Karthik Subbaraj were in talks for 2.5 years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-and-karthik-subbaraj-were-in-talks-for-2-5-years/articleshow/108932986.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404065652/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-and-karthik-subbaraj-were-in-talks-for-2-5-years/articleshow/108932986.cms |archive-date=4 April 2024 |access-date=19 April 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Kalyani Pandiyan |date=9 August 2024 |title=Suriya: படப்பிடிப்பில் சூர்யாவிற்கு தலையில் காயம்.. பதறிய ரசிகர்கள்.. முன்வந்து உண்மையை சொன்ன சூர்யா நண்பர்! |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/suriya-suffers-injury-on-karthik-subbaraj-suriya-44-sets-producer-rajsekhar-says-he-is-safe-now-131723203308777.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813222221/https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/suriya-suffers-injury-on-karthik-subbaraj-suriya-44-sets-producer-rajsekhar-says-he-is-safe-now-131723203308777.html |archive-date=13 August 2024 |access-date=13 August 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=ta}}</ref> Although they had finalised to collaborate back then, both of their respective prior commitments delayed the collaboration.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Kalyani Pandiyan |date=31 March 2024 |title=Suriya44: 2 வருடமாக நடக்கு டிஸ்கஷன்.. 'சூர்யா 44' ரகசியத்தை பொத்தி பொத்தி பாதுகாத்தது ஏன்? |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/suriya44-here-is-why-the-karthik-subbaraj-directorial-was-kept-a-secret-131711884361857.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727032231/https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/suriya44-here-is-why-the-karthik-subbaraj-directorial-was-kept-a-secret-131711884361857.html |archive-date=27 July 2024 |access-date=27 July 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Suraj |first=Pavaman |date=12 May 2024 |title=Suriya 44 with Karthik Subbaraj to go on floors in June? Here's what we know |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/suriya-44-with-karthik-subbaraj-to-go-on-floors-in-june-heres-what-we-know-1304783 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807173146/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/suriya-44-with-karthik-subbaraj-to-go-on-floors-in-june-heres-what-we-know-1304783 |archive-date=7 August 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref>

Two-and-a-half years later, on 28 March 2024, Subbaraj announced through his social media accounts that he would join hands with Suriya for his next directorial venture after ''[[Jigarthanda DoubleX]]'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 March 2024 |title=Suriya and Karthik Subbaraj team up for 'Suriya 44' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/suriya-and-karthik-subbaraj-team-up-for-suriya-44/article68002188.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520220637/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/suriya-and-karthik-subbaraj-team-up-for-suriya-44/article68002188.ece |archive-date=20 May 2024 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2024 |title=Suriya announces film with Karthik Subbaraj; promises 'love, laughter, war' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/suriya-announces-film-with-karthik-subbaraj-promises-love-laughter-war-101711675515885.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602165303/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/suriya-announces-film-with-karthik-subbaraj-promises-love-laughter-war-101711675515885.html |archive-date=2 June 2024 |access-date=2 June 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> The project would be jointly funded by Subbaraj's [[Stone Bench Creations]] and Suriya's [[2D Entertainment]] banner.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=Anisha |date=28 March 2024 |title=Suriya announces his next with Karthik Subbaraj, shares poster |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-karthik-subbaraj-suriya-44-collaboration-poster-2520475-2024-03-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328162726/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-karthik-subbaraj-suriya-44-collaboration-poster-2520475-2024-03-28 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |access-date=28 March 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> Suriya and [[Jyothika]] would be credited as producers, while Stone Bench's main producer Kaarthikeyan Santhanam would be credited as co-producer along with Rajsekar Pandian, the head of 2D Entertainment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=7 October 2024 |title='Suriya44': It's a wrap |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/suriya44-its-a-wrap-912702 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008153035/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/suriya44-its-a-wrap-912702 |archive-date=8 October 2024 |access-date=8 October 2024 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2024 |title=After delaying Puranaanooru, Suriya teams up with Karthik Subbaraj for his 44th film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/after-delaying-puranaanooru-suriya-teams-up-with-karthik-subbaraj-for-his-44th-film-9238449/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328160947/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/after-delaying-puranaanooru-suriya-teams-up-with-karthik-subbaraj-for-his-44th-film-9238449/ |archive-date=28 March 2024 |access-date=28 March 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

The project was kept confidential by the makers until its announcement.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tanmayi |first=Bhawana |date=1 April 2024 |title=Suriya44: Here is why the Karthik Subbaraj directorial was kept a secret |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/movies/suriya44-here-is-why-the-karthik-subbaraj-directorial-was-kept-a-secret-article-12549331.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240605011233/https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/movies/suriya44-here-is-why-the-karthik-subbaraj-directorial-was-kept-a-secret-article-12549331.html |archive-date=5 June 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=[[Moneycontrol]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Devasankar |first=S |date=19 June 2024 |title=Is Pooja Hegde charging Rs 4 crore as fees for her next with Suriya, Karthik Subbaraj? Here's what we know |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/is-pooja-hegde-charging-rs-4-crore-as-fees-for-her-next-with-suriya-karthik-subbaraj-heres-what-we-know-1318537 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619125243/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/is-pooja-hegde-charging-rs-4-crore-as-fees-for-her-next-with-suriya-karthik-subbaraj-heres-what-we-know-1318537 |archive-date=19 June 2024 |access-date=19 June 2024 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref> The film was made on a budget of {{INR|60–65}} crore.<ref name="budget2" /> [[working title|Tentatively titled]] ''Suriya 44'' with the tagline ''Love, Laughter and War'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Hardika |date=29 March 2024 |title=Suriya 44 Update: Karthik Subbaraj's Next Promises "Love, Laughter And War" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/suriya-44-update-karthik-subbarajs-next-promises-love-laughter-and-war-5331964 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516222414/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/suriya-44-update-karthik-subbarajs-next-promises-love-laughter-and-war-5331964 |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=2 June 2024 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> production was set to begin after the actor completed his film with [[Sudha Kongara]] which was then known as ''Suriya 43''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 March 2024 |title=Suriya teams up with Karthik Subbaraj for 'Suriya 44' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-teams-up-with-karthik-subbaraj-for-suriya-44/articleshow/108852584.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328115946/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-teams-up-with-karthik-subbaraj-for-suriya-44/articleshow/108852584.cms |archive-date=28 March 2024 |access-date=28 March 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nasreen |first=Raisa |date=29 March 2024 |title=Suriya Teams Up With Karthik Subbaraj For His 44th Film Here's what we know |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/suriya-and-karthik-subbaraj-team-up-article-108866001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811101516/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/suriya-and-karthik-subbaraj-team-up-article-108866001 |archive-date=11 August 2024 |access-date=11 August 2024 |website=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref> However, a few days later, it was reported that, since the start of Kongara's film would take a few more months,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goutham S |date=22 May 2024 |title=Suriya's upcoming movies 2024–2025: From Kanguva, Sarfira to Suriya 44 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/suriyas-upcoming-movies-2024-2025-from-kanguva-sarfira-to-suriya-44-1308519 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810070841/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/suriyas-upcoming-movies-2024-2025-from-kanguva-sarfira-to-suriya-44-1308519 |archive-date=10 August 2024 |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref> they were planning to complete the shooting of the project in the meantime.<ref>{{Cite web |last=பாரதிராஜா |first=மை. |date=30 March 2024 |title=Suriya 44: சூர்யா - கார்த்திக் சுப்புராஜ் காம்போ அமைந்தது எப்படி? ஷூட்டிங் அப்டேட்ஸ்! |trans-title=Suriya 44: How did the Suriya – Karthik Subbaraj combo come about? Shooting Updates! |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/suriya-44-how-karthik-subbaraj-came-on-board-for-the-movie |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409113841/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/suriya-44-how-karthik-subbaraj-came-on-board-for-the-movie |archive-date=9 April 2024 |access-date=2 June 2024 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Manoj Kumar |date=9 August 2024 |title=Suriya suffers head injury on set of Suriya 44; shooting Halted in Ooty |url=https://www.desimartini.com/movies/trending/suriya-suffers-head-injury-on-set-of-suriya-44-shooting-halted-in-ooty/70629287aa899/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810041137/https://www.desimartini.com/movies/trending/suriya-suffers-head-injury-on-set-of-suriya-44-shooting-halted-in-ooty/70629287aa899/ |archive-date=10 August 2024 |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=[[Desimartini]] |language=en}}</ref> The film was touted to be as a [[Gangster film|gangster]] [[action drama film|action drama]] film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanya |date=23 July 2024 |title=Suriya 44: Actor looks intense in gangster avatar in new promo from Karthik Subbaraj film. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/suriya-44-suriya-intense-gangster-avatar-new-promo-watch-karthik-subbaraj-pooja-hegde-101721709069141.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724034103/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/suriya-44-suriya-intense-gangster-avatar-new-promo-watch-karthik-subbaraj-pooja-hegde-101721709069141.html |archive-date=24 July 2024 |access-date=24 July 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2024 |title=Suriya 44: Filmmakers drop first look of actor as gangster on his birthday |url=https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/suriya-44-filmmakers-drop-first-look-of-actor-as-gangster-on-his-birthday-124072300659_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801163127/https://www.business-standard.com/entertainment/suriya-44-filmmakers-drop-first-look-of-actor-as-gangster-on-his-birthday-124072300659_1.html |archive-date=1 August 2024 |access-date=1 August 2024 |website=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Anjali |date=23 July 2024 |title=Suriya 44 birthday special teaser: Actor looks intense in gangster avatar as he's ready to conquer in Karthik Subbaraj directorial |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/suriya-44-birthday-special-teaser-actor-looks-intense-in-gangster-avatar-as-hes-ready-to-conquer-in-kartik-subbaraj-directorial-1331021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801163126/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/suriya-44-birthday-special-teaser-actor-looks-intense-in-gangster-avatar-as-hes-ready-to-conquer-in-kartik-subbaraj-directorial-1331021 |archive-date=1 August 2024 |access-date=1 August 2024 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref> But Subbaraj later clarified that the film, set in 1990s,<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 April 2025 |title='ரெட்ரோ'வில் 90களின் காதல் கதை : கார்த்திக் சுப்பராஜ் தகவல் |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/cinemanews/128749 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410164154/https://www.dinamalar.com/cinemanews/128749 |archive-date=10 April 2025 |access-date=10 April 2025 |work=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref> is a [[romance film]] which also involves major [[Action film|action sequences]].<ref name="ReporterTV(2024-10-17)" /> The film's official title was revealed as ''Retro'' on the occasion of [[Christmas]] (25 December 2024).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Sakshi |date=25 December 2024 |title=Suriya turns Santa for fans, shares Pooja Hegde starrer 'Retro's teaser, poster {{!}} WATCH |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/regional-cinema/suriya-turns-santa-for-fans-shares-pooja-hegde-starrer-retro-s-teaser-poster-watch-2024-12-25-967887 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226061222/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/regional-cinema/suriya-turns-santa-for-fans-shares-pooja-hegde-starrer-retro-s-teaser-poster-watch-2024-12-25-967887 |archive-date=26 December 2024 |access-date=26 December 2024 |website=[[India TV]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Pre-production ===
{{Quote box
| quote = "It was my long-time wish to make a proper love story. And when I got a chance to make one with [[Suriya]] and [[Pooja Hegde]], I became so excited. It definitely involves a lot of action".
| source = [[Karthik Subbaraj]], in an interview<ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Manoj Kumar |date=17 October 2024 |title=Karthik Subbaraj clears the air on Suriya 44: 'It's not a gangster movie, but...' |url=https://www.desimartini.com/movies/trending/karthik-subbaraj-clears-the-air-on-suriya-44-its-not-a-gangster-movie-but/a5d5fa13d0977/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129231552/https://www.desimartini.com/movies/trending/karthik-subbaraj-clears-the-air-on-suriya-44-its-not-a-gangster-movie-but/a5d5fa13d0977/ |archive-date=29 November 2024 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[Desimartini]] |language=en}}</ref>
| align = right
| width = 30%
}}

Subbaraj had met Suriya prior to the shooting of ''Jigarthanda DoubleX'' and narrated a one-liner, which the latter requested to develop.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goutham S |date=31 March 2024 |title=Did you know Suriya's next film with Karthik Subbaraj is exclusively written for him? |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/why-did-the-makers-of-suriya-44-keep-this-collaboration-a-secret-producer-spills-the-beans-1291005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416113604/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/why-did-the-makers-of-suriya-44-keep-this-collaboration-a-secret-producer-spills-the-beans-1291005 |archive-date=16 April 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ஸ்டார்க்கர் |date=18 October 2024 |title='சூர்யா 44' கேங்ஸ்டர் படமல்ல: கார்த்திக் சுப்புராஜ் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1327480-suriya-44-is-not-a-gangster-film-director-karthik-subbaraj-shares-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20241225071248/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1327480-suriya-44-is-not-a-gangster-film-director-karthik-subbaraj-shares.html |archive-date=25 December 2024 |access-date=18 October 2024 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> It took him several months for the writing and pre-production.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manu |first=Hridyambika A |date=31 March 2024 |title=Suriya 44 – Why was the Karthik Subbaraj directorial kept under wraps for so long? Makers reveal the real reason |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-44-why-was-the-karthik-subbaraj-directorial-kept-under-wraps-for-so-long-makers-reveal-the-real-reason/2b8a331d4e14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605010806/https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-44-why-was-the-karthik-subbaraj-directorial-kept-under-wraps-for-so-long-makers-reveal-the-real-reason/2b8a331d4e14 |archive-date=5 June 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref> Charukesh Sekar and Sritharan Someetharan collaborated with Subbaraj on the script discussion.<ref name="Retro Audio Launch">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZkO5vN8dRc |title=Retro Audio Launch - Full Show {{!}} Suriya {{!}} Pooja Hegde {{!}} Karthik Subbaraj {{!}} Santhosh Narayanan |date=23 April 2025 |publisher=[[2D Entertainment]] |access-date=27 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427155535/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZkO5vN8dRc |archive-date=27 April 2025 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> After the release of ''Jigarthanda DoubleX'', Subbaraj narrated the entire script to the actor.<ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Manoj Kumar |date=1 June 2024 |title=Karthik Subbaraj: 'Working with Thalapathy Vijay or Ajith should not be the only goal for filmmakers' |url=https://www.desimartini.com/movies/celebrities/karthik-subbaraj-working-with-thalapathy-vijay-or-ajith-should-not-be-the-only-goal-for-filmmakers/856f615831907/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601075150/https://www.desimartini.com/movies/celebrities/karthik-subbaraj-working-with-thalapathy-vijay-or-ajith-should-not-be-the-only-goal-for-filmmakers/856f615831907/ |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=[[Desimartini]] |language=en}}</ref> The dialogues for the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Hindi]]-dubbed versions were written by Hanumaan Choudary and Mohan Nair.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2025 |title=Retro – Teaser (Telugu) | Suriya | Pooja Hegde | Karthik Subbaraj | Santhosh Narayanan |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8u6sxVEqXYI |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250212172025/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8u6sxVEqXYI |archive-date=12 February 2025 |access-date=8 February 2025 |publisher=[[T-Series (company)|T-Series Telugu]] |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2025 |title=RETRO – Teaser (Hindi) | Suriya | Karthik Subbaraj | Pooja Hegde | Santhosh Narayanan |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBXZ4K8QRJ8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208063015/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBXZ4K8QRJ8&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=8 February 2025 |access-date=8 February 2025 |publisher=[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] |via=YouTube}}</ref> A [[casting call]] was announced by the makers in late April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=மலர் |first=மாலை |date=22 April 2024 |title=#சூர்யா 44 படத்தில் நடிக்க விருப்பமா? |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/wants-to-act-in-the-surya-film-714642 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422161338/https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/wants-to-act-in-the-surya-film-714642 |archive-date=22 April 2024 |access-date=22 April 2024 |website=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref>

On the occasion of his birthday (15 May), [[Santhosh Narayanan]] was announced as the film's composer by the production house, in his eighth collaboration with the director.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 May 2024 |title=Santhosh Narayanan to compose music for 'Suriya 44' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/santhosh-narayanan-to-compose-music-for-suriya-44/articleshow/110152595.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515203852/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/santhosh-narayanan-to-compose-music-for-suriya-44/articleshow/110152595.cms |archive-date=15 May 2024 |access-date=15 May 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2024 |title=Santhosh Narayanan onboards Suriya 44 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/15/santhosh-narayanan-onboards-suriya-44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515203814/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/15/santhosh-narayanan-onboards-suriya-44 |archive-date=15 May 2024 |access-date=15 May 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Two weeks later, the team announced that Shreyaas Krishna would handle the cinematography, in his third collaboration with Subbaraj after ''[[Jagame Thandhiram]]'' (2021) and ''[[Mahaan (2022 film)|Mahaan]]'' (2022).<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 May 2024 |title=Shreyaas Krishna roped as cinematographer for Karthik Subbaraj's 'Suriya 44' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shreyaas-krishna-roped-as-cinematographer-for-karthik-subbarajs-suriya-44/articleshow/110538733.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529152751/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shreyaas-krishna-roped-as-cinematographer-for-karthik-subbarajs-suriya-44/articleshow/110538733.cms |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=29 May 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2024 |title=Shreyaas Krishna to Shafique Mohamed, here is the crew of Suriya 44 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/29/shreyaas-krishna-to-shafique-mohamed-here-is-the-crew-of-suriya-44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530132546/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/29/shreyaas-krishna-to-shafique-mohamed-here-is-the-crew-of-suriya-44 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |access-date=2 June 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> In addition to Shreyaas Krishna, the technical crew of art directors [[Jacki (art director)|Jacki]] and Mayapandi, editor Shafique Mohamed Ali, stunt choreographer Kecha Khamphakdee and costume designer Praveen Raja were announced the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2024 |title='Suriya 44': DOP Shreyaas Krishna, editor Shafique Mohamed and 3 others on board Suriya-Karthik Subbaraj film |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/cinema/suriya-44-dop-shreyaas-krishna-editor-shafique-mohamed-and-3-others-on-board-suriya-karthik-subbaraj-film-787564 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529152834/https://www.dtnext.in/news/cinema/suriya-44-dop-shreyaas-krishna-editor-shafique-mohamed-and-3-others-on-board-suriya-karthik-subbaraj-film-787564 |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=[[DT Next]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2024 |title=Crew list of Suriya — Karthik Subbaraj's 'Suriya 44' announced |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/crew-list-of-suriya-karthik-subbarajs-suriya-44-announced/article68231694.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603072256/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/crew-list-of-suriya-karthik-subbarajs-suriya-44-announced/article68231694.ece |archive-date=3 June 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>

In May 2024, the team shot the promotional video for the film for nearly three days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2024 |title=விரைவில் சூர்யா - 44 பெயர் டீசர்! |trans-title=Soon Suriya 44 – Name Teaser! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/May/26/suriya-44-teaser |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526141657/https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/May/26/suriya-44-teaser |archive-date=26 May 2024 |access-date=2 June 2024 |website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2024 |title=Suriya 44: సూర్య సినిమా నటించాలని ఉందా?.. ఇలా చేయండి! |trans-title=Suriya 44: Do you want to act in a Suriya film?.. Do this! |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/suriya-44-casting-call-information-578346.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423095754/https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/suriya-44-casting-call-information-578346.html |archive-date=23 April 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=[[NTV (India)|NTV]] |language=te}}</ref> Prior to the commencement of the first schedule, the team had constructed a set at [[Port Blair]] located in [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], for filming an action sequence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2024 |title=Director Karthik Subbaraj shares an update from Suriya 44 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/30/director-karthik-subbaraj-shares-an-update-from-suriya-44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531071259/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/May/30/director-karthik-subbaraj-shares-an-update-from-suriya-44 |archive-date=31 May 2024 |access-date=31 May 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2024 |title='சூர்யா 44' படப்பிடிப்பு எங்கு? விடியோ வெளியிட்ட படக்குழு! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/May/31/karthik-subbarajs-suriya-44-shooting-to-begin-in-andaman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820042114/https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/May/31/karthik-subbarajs-suriya-44-shooting-to-begin-in-andaman |archive-date=20 August 2024 |access-date=20 August 2024 |website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
{{Multiple image
| image1 = Pooja Hegde at Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo reunion.jpg
| image2 = Jayaram in 2024.jpg
| footer = [[Pooja Hegde]] was cast to play the lead actress role, pairing opposite Suriya for the first time. [[Jayaram]] was also cast in an important role.
| total_width = 250
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Suriya would sport two different looks in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Akhila |date=28 September 2024 |title=Suriya 44 update: Suriya's second look for the Karthik Subbaraj directorial is out |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-44-update-suriya-second-look-for-karthik-subbaraj-directorial-out/312ebdfb8e955 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928165452/https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-44-update-suriya-second-look-for-karthik-subbaraj-directorial-out/312ebdfb8e955 |archive-date=28 September 2024 |access-date=28 September 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref> One with a [[Fu Manchu moustache]] and [[Mullet (haircut)|mullet]] hair,<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2024 |title=Suriya Sports Fu Manchu And Mullet As He Goes Retro For Karthik Subbaraj's 'Suriya 44' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/south-cinema/suriya-sports-fu-manchu-and-mullet-as-he-goes-retro-for-karthik-subbarajs-suriya-44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603055911/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/south-cinema/suriya-sports-fu-manchu-and-mullet-as-he-goes-retro-for-karthik-subbarajs-suriya-44 |archive-date=3 June 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nasreen |first=Raisa |date=3 June 2024 |title=Suriya Sports Fu Manchu And Mullet In The First Shot Of Karthik Subbaraj's Film, Watch Video From Suriya 44 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/suriyas-new-look-for-suriya-44-gets-thumbs-up-from-fans-article-110650377 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603030625/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/suriyas-new-look-for-suriya-44-gets-thumbs-up-from-fans-article-110650377 |archive-date=3 June 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=[[Times Now]]}}</ref> and another with a trimmed beard, mustache, and a shorter hairdo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2024 |title=44வது படத்தில் இரண்டு தோற்றத்தில் சூர்யா! |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/cinemanews/124272 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240929163350/https://www.dinamalar.com/cinemanews/124272 |archive-date=29 September 2024 |access-date=29 September 2024 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> In mid-May, [[Pooja Hegde]] was reported to play the female lead opposite Suriya, marking her first film with both Suriya and Subbaraj.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajaraman |first=Kaushik |date=17 May 2024 |title=Pooja Hegde joins Suriya 44; shoot to begin on June 2 in Andamans |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/cinema/pooja-hegde-joins-suriya-44-shoot-to-begin-on-june-2-in-andamans-785239 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517105245/https://www.dtnext.in/pageview_candidate.html?id=785362 |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=17 May 2024 |website=[[DT Next]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2024 |title=Pooja Hegde in Suriya 44? |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/pooja-hegde-in-suriya-44-article-110199056 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517073723/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/pooja-hegde-in-suriya-44-article-110199056 |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=17 May 2024 |website=[[Times Now]]}}</ref> Her inclusion was confirmed on 1 June by the production house.<ref>{{Cite web |last=SM |first=Shashiprasad |date=1 June 2024 |title=Pooja Hegde Onboard Director Karthik Subbaraj's Upcoming Film With Suriya |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/pooja-hegde-onboard-director-karthik-subbaraj-s-upcoming-film-with-suriya-article-110623043 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602051834/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/pooja-hegde-onboard-director-karthik-subbaraj-s-upcoming-film-with-suriya-article-110623043 |archive-date=2 June 2024 |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2024 |title=Pooja Hegde roped in for Suriya's next film with Karthik Subbaraj |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/pooja-hegde-roped-in-for-suriya-s-next-film-with-karthik-subbaraj-101717246693084.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603113613/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/pooja-hegde-roped-in-for-suriya-s-next-film-with-karthik-subbaraj-101717246693084.html |archive-date=3 June 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> The film would be her third Tamil film after ''[[Mugamoodi]]'' (2012) and [[Beast (2022 Indian film)|''Beast'']] (2022).<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2024 |title=Pooja Hegde joins Suriya for Karthik Subbaraj's 'Suriya 44' |url=https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/miss-india/pooja-hegde-joins-suriya-for-karthik-subbarajs-suriya-44/articleshow/110663549.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604204501/https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/miss-india/pooja-hegde-joins-suriya-for-karthik-subbarajs-suriya-44/articleshow/110663549.cms |archive-date=4 June 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |language=en |magazine=[[Femina (India)|Femina]]}}</ref> Hegde reportedly received a remuneration between {{INRConvert|4|c}} and {{INRConvert|5|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2024 |title=Pooja Hegde to pocket Rs 4 cr for Suriya film? |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/pooja-hegde-to-pocket-rs-4-cr-for-suriya-film-894523 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523033939/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/pooja-hegde-to-pocket-rs-4-cr-for-suriya-film-894523 |archive-date=23 May 2024 |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2024 |title=5 கோடி கறாராக வாங்கும் சூர்யா பட நாயகியா இது? |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/actress-pooja-hegde-unseen-rare-childhood-pics-mma-shmn8t |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816173452/https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/actress-pooja-hegde-unseen-rare-childhood-pics-mma-shmn8t |archive-date=16 August 2024 |access-date=16 August 2024 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ta}}</ref> Subbaraj revealed to ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' that he cast her after being impressed with her performance in ''[[Radhe Shyam]]'' (2022).<ref name="KS Vikatan">{{Cite magazine |last=பாரதிராஜா |first=மை |date=10 April 2025 |title=Retro Exclusive "கோபக்கார சூர்யா கொடுத்த உறுதிமொழி!"- 'ரெட்ரோ' ரகசியம்சொல்லும் கார்த்திக் சுப்புராஜ் |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/director-karthik-subbaraj-exclusive-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410082530/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/director-karthik-subbaraj-exclusive-interview |archive-date=10 April 2025 |access-date=10 April 2025 |magazine=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> Following a look test, she began learning [[Tamil language|Tamil]] for her role.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nasreen |first=Raisa |date=11 March 2025 |title=Suriya's Retro: Pooja Hegde Makes Tamil Dubbing Debut |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/pooja-hegde-makes-tamil-dubbing-debut-with-suriyas-retro-article-118866210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250311050407/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/pooja-hegde-makes-tamil-dubbing-debut-with-suriyas-retro-article-118866210 |archive-date=11 March 2025 |access-date=11 March 2025 |work=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref> Aavni, daughter of actress [[Anjali Nair (actress, born 1988)|Anjali Nair]], plays the younger version of Hegde's character.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Brave act: Actor Anjali's daughter continued 'Retro' shoot despite suffering burns to eyes, ears and hands |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/brave-act-actor-anjalis-daughter-continued-retro-shoot-despite-suffering-burns-to-eyes-ears-and-hands-tg3xe3ed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250509092540/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/brave-act-actor-anjalis-daughter-continued-retro-shoot-despite-suffering-burns-to-eyes-ears-and-hands-tg3xe3ed |archive-date=9 May 2025 |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=en}}</ref>

After initially being reported as part of the cast,<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2024 |title=சூர்யா 44வது படத்தில் இணைந்த பிரபலங்கள் |trans-title=Celebrities joining Suriya 44th film! |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/121643/cinema/Kollywood/Celebrities-joining-Suriya-44th-film!.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803163921/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/121643/cinema/Kollywood/Celebrities-joining-Suriya-44th-film!.htm |archive-date=3 August 2024 |access-date=3 August 2024 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> [[Jayaram]] and [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] were confirmed during the film's preliminary shooting, with both playing important roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goutham S |date=1 June 2024 |title=Suriya 44 Official update: Pooja Hegde and Jayaram onboard for Karthik Subbaraj's film; makers unveil intense posters |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/suriya-44-official-update-pooja-hegde-and-jayaram-onboard-for-karthik-subbarajs-film-makers-unveil-intense-posters-1312256 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601153854/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/suriya-44-official-update-pooja-hegde-and-jayaram-onboard-for-karthik-subbarajs-film-makers-unveil-intense-posters-1312256 |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=పరేశ్ |first=ఇనాందార్ |date=9 August 2024 |title=Suriya: సినిమా షూటింగ్ లో ఊహించని ఘటన.. హీరో సూర్య తలకు గాయం.. అసలేం జరిగిందంటే.. |url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/photo-gallery/suriya-suffers-head-injury-on-set-of-suriya-44-shooting-in-ooty-details-pa-155248 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828155347/https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/photo-gallery/suriya-suffers-head-injury-on-set-of-suriya-44-shooting-in-ooty-details-pa-155248 |archive-date=28 August 2024 |access-date=28 August 2024 |website=[[Zee News]] |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Baisakhi |date=10 August 2024 |title=Suriya sustains minor injury on sets of Karthik Subbaraj's film; producer Rajasekhar shares health update |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/suriya-sustains-minor-injury-on-sets-of-karthik-subbarajs-film-producer-rajasekhar-shares-health-update-1337638 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814054515/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/suriya-sustains-minor-injury-on-sets-of-karthik-subbarajs-film-producer-rajasekhar-shares-health-update-1337638 |archive-date=14 August 2024 |access-date=14 August 2024 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref> The former's son, [[Kalidas Jayaram]], was also reported to be part of the cast after being spotted during the shooting, thus reportedly marking his second on-screen collaboration with his father, following ''[[Ente Veedu Appuvinteyum]]'' (2003), after 12 years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2024 |title=Jayaram and Kalidas to reunite in actor Suriya's next project; details inside |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/suriya44-kalidas-jayaram-cast-father-son-reunion-1.9886550 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909101920/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/suriya44-kalidas-jayaram-cast-father-son-reunion-1.9886550 |archive-date=9 September 2024 |access-date=9 September 2024 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tara |first=Rakesh |date=9 September 2024 |title=Kalidas Jayaram and dad Jayaram to come together for the first time in 'Suriya 44' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kalidas-jayaram-and-dad-jayaram-to-come-together-for-the-first-time-in-suriya-44/articleshow/113185277.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910014053/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kalidas-jayaram-and-dad-jayaram-to-come-together-for-the-first-time-in-suriya-44/articleshow/113185277.cms |archive-date=10 September 2024 |access-date=10 September 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> However, Rajsekar Pandian denied Kalidas Jayaram's inclusion in the film, stating, "Kalidas came on the last day shoot of Jayaram sir when the team cut a cake that has been misinterpreted."<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2024 |title=ആ വാർത്തകൾ തെറ്റാണ്; കാളിദാസും പ്രശാന്തും 'സൂര്യ 44' ൽ ഇല്ല, സ്ഥിരീകരിച്ച് നിർമ്മാതാക്കൾ |url=https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/chalachithram-film/2024/Sep/12/prashanth-and-kalidas-not-part-of-suriya-44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913045504/https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/chalachithram-film/2024/Sep/12/prashanth-and-kalidas-not-part-of-suriya-44 |archive-date=13 September 2024 |access-date=13 September 2024 |website=[[Samakalika Malayalam Vaarika]] |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2024 |title='GOAT' actor Prashanth and Kalidas Jayaram not part of 'Suriya 44'; confirms producer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/goat-actor-prashanth-and-kalidas-jayaram-not-part-of-suriya-44-confirms-producer/articleshow/113280379.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913045902/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/goat-actor-prashanth-and-kalidas-jayaram-not-part-of-suriya-44-confirms-producer/articleshow/113280379.cms |archive-date=13 September 2024 |access-date=13 September 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Prakash Raj]] would also play a role in the film,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohamed |first=Ashik |date=10 September 2024 |title=விஜய்யை தொடர்ந்து சூர்யாவுடன் இணையும் பிரசாந்த்.. டாப் கியரில் செல்லும் டாப் ஸ்டார்! |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/prasanth-join-cast-of-suriya-44-movie-directed-by-karthik-subbaraj/articleshow/113230907.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913044433/https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/prasanth-join-cast-of-suriya-44-movie-directed-by-karthik-subbaraj/articleshow/113230907.cms |archive-date=13 September 2024 |access-date=13 September 2024 |website=[[Samayam]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2024 |title=மீண்டும் சூர்யா உடன் இணைந்த பிரகாஷ்ராஜ்! |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/cinemanews/123797 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908120032/https://www.dinamalar.com/cinemanews/123797 |archive-date=8 September 2024 |access-date=8 September 2024 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> marking his fourth collaboration with Suriya after ''[[Nerukku Ner]]'' (1997), ''[[Singam]]'' (2010) and ''[[Jai Bhim (film)|Jai Bhim]]'' (2021).<ref>{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=29 September 2024 |title=44வது படத்தில் இரண்டு தோற்றத்தில் சூர்யா! |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/cinemanews/suriya-44-is-prakashraj-teaming-up-with-suriya-for-the-4th-time-1124167 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240929051026/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/suriya-44-is-prakashraj-teaming-up-with-suriya-for-the-4th-time-1124167 |archive-date=29 September 2024 |access-date=29 September 2024 |website=[[Dina Thanthi]] |language=ta}}</ref> Vidhu, who portrayed the role of Shettani in Subbaraj's ''DoubleX'', would play the role of an antagonist in ''Retro''.<ref name="KS Vikatan" />

Avinash Raghudevan,<ref name="KS Vikatan" /> [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]], [[Joju George]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Panikker |first=Rohit |date=2 June 2024 |title=Joju George and Karunakaran come Onboard Suriya 44 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/jayaram-joju-george-and-karunakaran-come-onboard-suriya-44-article-110641330 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602142231/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/jayaram-joju-george-and-karunakaran-come-onboard-suriya-44-article-110641330 |archive-date=2 June 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Singampuli]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=இந்துமதி |first=மு |date=2 April 2025 |title=Mayandi Kudumbathar படத்தில் நடிக்க மாட்டேன்னு சொன்னேன் - Actor Singampuli {{!}} Retro {{!}} Surya {{!}} Bala |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/actor-singampuli-says-that-i-told-you-that-i-will-not-act-in-the-movie-mayandi-kudumbathar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250403181012/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/actor-singampuli-says-that-i-told-you-that-i-will-not-act-in-the-movie-mayandi-kudumbathar |archive-date=3 April 2025 |access-date=3 April 2025 |work=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> [[Sujith Shankar]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2024 |title=சூர்யா 44 படத்தில் இணைந்த மலையாள நடிகர்! |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/122157/cinema/Kollywood/Malayalam-actor-sujith-shanker-joined-in-Suriya-44!.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623074510/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/122157/cinema/Kollywood/Malayalam-actor-sujith-shanker-joined-in-Suriya-44!.htm |archive-date=23 June 2024 |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> Thamizh, [[Ramachandran Durairaj]], [[Prem Kumar (Tamil actor)|Prem Kumar]], Sandeep Raj and [[Remya Suresh]] were cast in prominent roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2024 |title=Karthik Subbaraj unveils new teaser of Suriya 44 as the actor turns 49 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/karthik-subbaraj-unveils-new-teaser-suriya-44-actor-turns-49/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723173837/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/karthik-subbaraj-unveils-new-teaser-suriya-44-actor-turns-49/ |archive-date=23 July 2024 |access-date=23 July 2024 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 July 2024 |title=Joju George shares pictures from the sets of 'Suriya 44' revealing the star cast |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/joju-george-shares-pictures-from-the-sets-of-suriya-44-revealing-the-star-cast/articleshow/111489735.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705015139/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/joju-george-shares-pictures-from-the-sets-of-suriya-44-revealing-the-star-cast/articleshow/111489735.cms |archive-date=5 July 2024 |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> While Karunakaran and George would make their respective fourth and second collaboration with Subbaraj after ''[[Pizza (2012 film)|Pizza]]'' (2012), ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]'' (2014), ''[[Iraivi]]'' (2016) and ''Jagame Thandiram'' respectively,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 June 2024 |title='Suriya 44': Pooja Hegde, Jayaram and Joju George join Suriya's next with Karthik Subbaraj |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/suriya-44-pooja-hegde-jayaram-and-joju-george-join-suriyas-next-with-karthik-subbaraj/article68242653.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603072250/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/suriya-44-pooja-hegde-jayaram-and-joju-george-join-suriyas-next-with-karthik-subbaraj/article68242653.ece |archive-date=3 June 2024 |access-date=6 June 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Akhila |date=1 June 2024 |title=Suriya 44 cast – Suriya and Karthik Subbaraj welcome THESE actors on board |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-44-cast-pooja-hegde-jayaram-join-suriya-and-karthik-subbarajs-film/0ddfbb5daa663 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602051834/https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-44-cast-pooja-hegde-jayaram-join-suriya-and-karthik-subbarajs-film/0ddfbb5daa663 |archive-date=2 June 2024 |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2024 |title=Joju George onboard Suriya-Karthik Subbaraj film |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2024/May/12/joju-george-onboard-suriya-karthik-subbaraj-film |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803164755/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2024/May/12/joju-george-onboard-suriya-karthik-subbaraj-film |archive-date=3 August 2024 |access-date=3 August 2024 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Singampuli would make his fourth collaboration with Suriya after ''[[Pithamagan]]'' (2003), ''[[Perazhagan]]'' (2004) and ''[[Maayavi]]'' (2005).<ref name=":0" /> [[Nandita Das]] would return to [[Tamil cinema]] after a gap of twelve years with this film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rayala |first=Rajeev |date=14 September 2024 |title=Suriya 44: సూర్య సినిమా కోసం పదేళ్ల తర్వాత రీ ఎంట్రీ ఇస్తున్న హీరోయిన్ |url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/tollywood/after-10-years-actress-nandita-das-is-coming-back-to-kollywood-for-suriya-44-1349411.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914044852/https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/tollywood/after-10-years-actress-nandita-das-is-coming-back-to-kollywood-for-suriya-44-1349411.html |archive-date=14 September 2024 |access-date=14 September 2024 |website=[[TV9 Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2024 |title=மீண்டும் தமிழில் ரீ என்ட்ரி தரும் நந்திதா தாஸ் |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/cinemanews/123885 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912125628/https://www.dinamalar.com/cinemanews/123885 |archive-date=12 September 2024 |access-date=12 September 2024 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> Although Kannada actor [[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjaya]] was approached for a prominent role,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=11 June 2024 |title=Karthik Subbaraj's Suriya film would show me in a new look: Dhananjay |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/karthik-subbaraj-s-suriya-film-would-show-me-in-a-new-look-dhananjay-101718088722635.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702044843/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/karthik-subbaraj-s-suriya-film-would-show-me-in-a-new-look-dhananjay-101718088722635.html |archive-date=2 July 2024 |access-date=2 July 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> he could not sign it due to scheduling conflicts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2024 |title=ತಮಿಳು ನಟ ಸೂರ್ಯ ಜೊತೆಗಿನ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗೆ ಡಾಲಿ ನೋ ಎಂದಿದ್ದೇಕೆ? |url=https://publictv.in/daali-dhananjay-reacts-about-actor-suriya-44-film/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811173330/https://publictv.in/daali-dhananjay-reacts-about-actor-suriya-44-film |archive-date=11 August 2024 |access-date=11 August 2024 |website=Public TV |language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=H |first=Srilakshmi |date=24 July 2024 |title=ತಮಿಳು ನಟ ಸೂರ್ಯ ಜೊತೆಗಿನ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗೆ ಡಾಲಿ ನೋ ಎಂದಿದ್ದೇಕೆ? |url=https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/sandalwood/dhananjay-got-suriya-44-offer-but-he-can-not-offer-because-of-other-commitments-entertainment-news-in-kannada-rmd-871235.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811171625/https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/sandalwood/dhananjay-got-suriya-44-offer-but-he-can-not-offer-because-of-other-commitments-entertainment-news-in-kannada-rmd-871235.html |archive-date=11 August 2024 |access-date=11 August 2024 |website=[[TV9 Kannada]] |language=kn}}</ref> [[Shriya Saran]] joined the production in August 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohammad |first=Ashiq |date=28 August 2024 |title='சூர்யா 44' படத்தில் சர்ப்ரைஸ்.. ரஜினி, விஜய் பட நாயகி: வேறலெவல் தகவல்! |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/actress-shriya-saran-done-dance-in-suriya-44-movie/articleshow/112866012.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828153423/https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/actress-shriya-saran-done-dance-in-suriya-44-movie/articleshow/112866012.cms |archive-date=28 August 2024 |access-date=28 August 2024 |website=[[Samayam]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rama Jaiswal |first=Rupali |date=28 August 2024 |title=Suriya 44: 'सूर्या 44' का हिस्सा बनीं श्रिया सरन, कार्तिक सुब्बाराज की फिल्म में डांस नंबर पर लगाएंगी ठुमके? |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/south-cinema/suriya-44-shriya-saran-to-appear-in-special-dance-number-in-karthik-subbaraj-upcoming-film-details-inside-2024-08-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828153918/https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/south-cinema/suriya-44-shriya-saran-to-appear-in-special-dance-number-in-karthik-subbaraj-upcoming-film-details-inside-2024-08-28 |archive-date=28 August 2024 |access-date=28 August 2024 |website=[[Amar Ujala]] |language=hi}}</ref> and shot for the [[item number]] "Love Detox".<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2024 |title=Suriya 44 {{!}} సూర్యతో డ్యాన్స్‌ చేయనున్న శ్రియా శరణ్‌.. పూర్తి వివరాలివే..! |url=https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/shriya-saran-to-shake-leg-with-suriya-in-suriya-44-1708381 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828153147/https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/shriya-saran-to-shake-leg-with-suriya-in-suriya-44-1708381 |archive-date=28 August 2024 |access-date=28 August 2024 |website=[[Namasthe Telangana]] |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2024 |title=சூர்யாவுடன் நடனமாடிய ஸ்ரேயா! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/Aug/28/suriya-44-update |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828154310/https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/Aug/28/suriya-44-update |archive-date=28 August 2024 |access-date=28 August 2024 |website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[File:Ross Island jetty, Port Blair in Andaman Island.jpg|thumb|250x250px|[[Port Blair]], where parts of the film were shot.|right]]
[[Principal photography]] began with the first schedule on 2 June 2024 at Port Blair in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2024 |title=Suriya 44 goes on floors |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jun/02/suriya-44-goes-on-floors |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602185843/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jun/02/suriya-44-goes-on-floors |archive-date=2 June 2024 |access-date=2 June 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2024 |title=First shot of 'Suriya 44' out now ! |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/cinema/first-shot-of-suriya-44-out-now-788221 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602161757/https://www.dtnext.in/news/cinema/first-shot-of-suriya-44-out-now-788221 |archive-date=2 June 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=[[DT Next]] |language=en}}</ref> Suriya, Hegde and Jayaram arrived at the location the previous day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2024 |title=Do you recognise the superstar walking alongside Jayaram? surprise announcement for fans |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1317375&u=do-you-recognise-the-superstar-walking-alongside-jayaram-surprise-announcement-for-fans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605010806/https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1317375&u=do-you-recognise-the-superstar-walking-alongside-jayaram-surprise-announcement-for-fans |archive-date=5 June 2024 |access-date=5 June 2024 |website=[[Kerala Kaumudi]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2024 |title=சூர்யா44 படப்பிடிப்புக்காக அந்தமான் சென்றடைந்த படக்குழு... சூர்யாவை காணத் திரண்ட கூட்டம்... |trans-title=The film crew reached Andaman for the shooting of Suriya 44... Crowds gathered to see Suriya... |url=https://www.apcnewstamil.com/news/cinema-news/suriya44-film-crew-have-reached-port-blair-andaman/89253 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602152723/https://www.apcnewstamil.com/news/cinema-news/suriya44-film-crew-have-reached-port-blair-andaman/89253 |archive-date=2 June 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=APC News Tamil |language=ta}}</ref> Firstly, the team shot action sequences, choreographed by Kecha Khamphakdee, at a specially erected set.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2024 |title='Suriya 44' goes on floors; Karthik Subbaraj unveils first shot of film |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/suriya-44-goes-on-floors-karthik-subbaraj-unveils-first-shot-of-film/article68245579.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723090945/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/suriya-44-goes-on-floors-karthik-subbaraj-unveils-first-shot-of-film/article68245579.ece |archive-date=23 July 2024 |access-date=23 July 2024 |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=பாரதிராஜா |first=மை. |date=5 June 2024 |title=Surya 44 Exclusive: 'ஜூலையில் காத்திருக்கும் சர்ப்ரைஸ்'; அந்தமானில் அதிரடி ஃபைட் - பரபர அப்டேட்! |trans-title=Surya 44 Exclusive: ''Surprise Awaits in July''; Action Fight in Andaman – Excitement Update! |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/suriya-44-movie-exclusive-update |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605151322/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/suriya-44-movie-exclusive-update |archive-date=5 June 2024 |access-date=5 June 2024 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> A song shoot featuring Suriya and Hegde was also held in early June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goutham S |date=3 July 2024 |title=Suriya and Pooja Hegde shoot 2 romantic songs for their next film; action-packed portions to be shot in Andaman schedule |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/suriya-and-pooja-hegde-shoot-2-romantic-songs-for-their-next-film-action-packed-portions-to-be-shot-in-andaman-schedule-1323743 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703155947/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/suriya-and-pooja-hegde-shoot-2-romantic-songs-for-their-next-film-action-packed-portions-to-be-shot-in-andaman-schedule-1323743 |archive-date=3 July 2024 |access-date=3 July 2024 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Sujith Shankar]] joined the first schedule on 22 June 2024, while filming happening at [[Cellular Jail]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 June 2024 |title=Sujith Shankar joins the cast of 'Suriya 44' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sujith-shankar-joins-the-cast-of-suriya-44/articleshow/111231559.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627163034/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sujith-shankar-joins-the-cast-of-suriya-44/articleshow/111231559.cms |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 October 2024 |title=Kanguva Exclusive: இசைவெளியீட்டு விழா, எங்கே, எப்போது தெரியுமா? ஆச்சர்யமூட்டும் சூர்யாவின் ப்ளான்! |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/kanguva-audio-release-function-and-suriya-44-movie-shoot-update |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007105208/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/kanguva-audio-release-function-and-suriya-44-movie-shoot-update |archive-date=7 October 2024 |access-date=7 October 2024 |work=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> A dance number featuring Suriya and Hegde, choreographed by [[Sherif (choreographer)|Sherif Master]] was completed in late-June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title='Surya 44' की शूटिंग इस शानदार लोकेशन पर, अब तक शूट हो चुके हैं दो गाने, देखें तस्वीरें ! |url=https://talkingindia.in/entertainment/shooting-of-surya-44-at-this-amazing-location-two-songs-have-been-shot-so-far-see-pictures/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807172152/https://talkingindia.in/entertainment/shooting-of-surya-44-at-this-amazing-location-two-songs-have-been-shot-so-far-see-pictures/ |archive-date=7 August 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=Talking India |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=Suriya 44 | ఇంకా అండమాన్‌లోనే సూర్య 44 టీం.. షూటింగ్‌ వివరాలివే |url=https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/suriya-44-team-andaman-shooting-details-are-out-1637284 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807172152/https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/suriya-44-team-andaman-shooting-details-are-out-1637284 |archive-date=7 August 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=[[Namasthe Telangana]] |language=te}}</ref> On 28 June, Joju George shared a video of himself on a boat in Andaman Island, revealing he joined the sets.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2024 |title=Joju George joins the sets of Suriya 44 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jun/29/joju-george-joins-the-sets-of-suriya-44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629133633/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jun/29/joju-george-joins-the-sets-of-suriya-44 |archive-date=29 June 2024 |access-date=29 June 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 June 2024 |title=Joju George starts shooting for 'Suriya 44' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/joju-george-starts-shooting-for-suriya-44/articleshow/111365849.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630020946/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/joju-george-starts-shooting-for-suriya-44/articleshow/111365849.cms |archive-date=30 June 2024 |access-date=30 June 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> The first schedule ended on 4 July 2024 at Andaman.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 July 2024 |title='Suriya 44': It's a schedule wrap for Suriya and Karthik Subbaraj's film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-44-its-a-schedule-wrap-for-suriya-and-karthik-subbarajs-film/articleshow/111505250.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727032122/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-44-its-a-schedule-wrap-for-suriya-and-karthik-subbarajs-film/articleshow/111505250.cms |archive-date=27 July 2024 |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=KR |first=Manikandan |date=6 July 2024 |title=Pooja Hegde Completes First Schedule Of Suriya 44 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/pooja-hegde-completes-first-schedule-of-suriya-44-article-111528561 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706141123/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/pooja-hegde-completes-first-schedule-of-suriya-44-article-111528561 |archive-date=6 July 2024 |access-date=25 July 2024 |website=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref>

The second schedule began on 26 July at [[Ooty]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajaraman |first=Kaushik |date=26 July 2024 |title=Suriya 44 team shifts to Ooty for 15 days; Karthi shoots for Kanguva |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/cinema/suriya-44-team-shifts-to-ooty-for-15-days-karthi-shoots-for-kanguva-796718 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727032124/https://www.dtnext.in/news/cinema/suriya-44-team-shifts-to-ooty-for-15-days-karthi-shoots-for-kanguva-796718 |archive-date=27 July 2024 |access-date=26 July 2024 |website=[[DT Next]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2024 |title='സൂര്യ 44': രണ്ടാം ഷെഡ്യൂള്‍ ഊട്ടിയില്‍ ആരംഭിച്ചു |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/suriya-44-second-schedule-begins-at-ooty-sh8phk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727032228/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/suriya-44-second-schedule-begins-at-ooty-sh8phk |archive-date=27 July 2024 |access-date=26 July 2024 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ml}}</ref> This schedule was reportedly held for 15{{endash}}20 days, where the team had shot few scenes at the scenic backdrop in [[Nilgiri Mountains|Nilgiris]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=மலர் |first=மாலை |date=26 July 2024 |title=சூர்யா 44 படத்தின் அடுத்தக்கட்ட படப்பிடிப்பு ஆரம்பம் |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/the-shooting-of-the-next-phase-of-suriya-44-has-started-731178 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727032126/https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/the-shooting-of-the-next-phase-of-suriya-44-has-started-731178 |archive-date=27 July 2024 |access-date=26 July 2024 |website=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 July 2024 |title='Suriya 44': Second schedule begins in Ooty |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-44-second-schedule-begins-in-ooty/articleshow/112032336.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807172756/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-44-second-schedule-begins-in-ooty/articleshow/112032336.cms |archive-date=7 August 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> A dance number featuring the lead cast with numerous dancers was shot in late-July 2024 at Ooty.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karthik Subbaraj and Suriya Collaborate for Suriya 44 |url=https://indorinerd.com/news/karthik-subbaraj-and-suriya-collaborate-for-suriya-44/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807172758/https://indorinerd.com/news/karthik-subbaraj-and-suriya-collaborate-for-suriya-44/ |archive-date=7 August 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=Indorinerd}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=31 July 2024 |title=Suriya 44: Karthik Subbaraj and Suriya's film shooting moves to Kanyakumari |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-44-karthik-subbaraj-and-suriyas-film-shooting-moves-to-kanyakumari/articleshow/112163828.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731104439/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-44-karthik-subbaraj-and-suriyas-film-shooting-moves-to-kanyakumari/articleshow/112163828.cms |archive-date=31 July 2024 |access-date=31 July 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> Later it was reported that after ending the Ooty schedule, the team moved to [[Kanyakumari]] on 31 July, which turned to be false.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2024 |title=Team Suriya 44 moves to Kanniyakumari for next schedule: Reports |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/31/team-suriya-44-moves-to-kanniyakumari-for-next-schedule-reports |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801025332/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jul/31/team-suriya-44-moves-to-kanniyakumari-for-next-schedule-reports |archive-date=1 August 2024 |access-date=1 August 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2024 |title=ഇനി കന്യാകുമാരിയിലേക്ക്, സൂര്യ 44 സിനിമയുടെ പുതിയ അപ്‍ഡേറ്റ് |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/director-karthik-subbaraj-suriya-film-suriya-44-update-out-hrk-shj1ia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801162146/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/director-karthik-subbaraj-suriya-film-suriya-44-update-out-hrk-shj1ia |archive-date=1 August 2024 |access-date=1 August 2024 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ml}}</ref> On 7 August, Suriya sustained a head injury on the sets,<ref>{{Cite web |last=மலர் |first=மாலை |date=9 August 2024 |title=சூர்யா 44 படப்பிடிப்பின் போது சூர்யாவுக்கு காயம் - அதிர்ச்சியில் படக்குழு |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/suriya-injured-while-shooting-suriya-44-733280 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810040509/https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/suriya-injured-while-shooting-suriya-44-733280 |archive-date=10 August 2024 |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=நடிகர் சூர்யாவுக்கு படப்பிடிப்பில் மண்டை உடைந்தது! வெளியான அதிர்ச்சி தகவல்! |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/actor-surya-got-a-head-injury-while-shooting-mma-shy6y6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810065944/https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/actor-surya-got-a-head-injury-while-shooting-mma-shy6y6 |archive-date=10 August 2024 |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ta}}</ref> while filming an action sequence at Nawanagar Palace, Ooty.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Savadi |first=Tanmayi |date=9 August 2024 |title=Suriya 44: Suriya Sustains Injury On Karthik Subbaraj's Film Set, Producer Assures 'He's Perfectly Fine' |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/suriya-44-suriya-sustains-injury-on-karthik-subbarajs-film-set-producer-assures-hes-perfectly-fine-article-112410126 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810043541/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/suriya-44-suriya-sustains-injury-on-karthik-subbarajs-film-set-producer-assures-hes-perfectly-fine-article-112410126 |archive-date=10 August 2024 |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sivashankar |first=RD |date=9 August 2024 |title=உதகை படப்பிடிப்பில் நடிகர் சூர்யாவுக்கு காயம்: நலமுடன் இருப்பதாக தயாரிப்பாளர் தகவல் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1292739-suriya-suffers-injury-on-suriya-44-sets-producer-rajsekhar-says-he-is-safe-now.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811034342/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1292739-suriya-suffers-injury-on-suriya-44-sets-producer-rajsekhar-says-he-is-safe-now.html |archive-date=11 August 2024 |access-date=11 August 2024 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> Although, Rajsekar Pandian tweeted that it was a minor injury,<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2024 |title=Suriya suffers injury on 'Suriya 44' sets, producer Rajsekhar says he is safe now |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-injury-suriya-44-rajsekhar-pandian-karthik-subbaraj-ooty-schedule-2579845-2024-08-09 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810065934/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-injury-suriya-44-rajsekhar-pandian-karthik-subbaraj-ooty-schedule-2579845-2024-08-09 |archive-date=10 August 2024 |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=9 August 2024 |title=Suriya sustains a minor injury while shooting for Karthik Subbaraj's film: 'He's perfectly fine' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/suriya-sustains-a-minor-injury-while-shooting-for-karthik-subbarajs-film-hes-perfectly-fine-101723218601871.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810070020/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/suriya-sustains-a-minor-injury-while-shooting-for-karthik-subbarajs-film-hes-perfectly-fine-101723218601871.html |archive-date=10 August 2024 |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> Suriya took a break from filming for a few days for recovery,<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2024 |title=Suriya Suffers Head Injury During Action Scene; Makers Of His Upcoming Film Share Health Update |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/suriya-suffers-head-injury-during-suriya-44-action-scene-films-producer-gives-health-update-enn24080905772 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810065941/https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/suriya-suffers-head-injury-during-suriya-44-action-scene-films-producer-gives-health-update-enn24080905772 |archive-date=10 August 2024 |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=[[ETV Network|ETV Bharat News]] |language=en}}</ref> which resulted in the filming being halted.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2024 |title=Suriya Sustains Minor Injury on Set of 'Suriya 44' |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/celebrities/suriya-sustains-minor-injury-on-set-of-suriya-44-producer-rajsekhar-says-he-is-perfectly-fine-1709226 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810065942/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/celebrities/suriya-sustains-minor-injury-on-set-of-suriya-44-producer-rajsekhar-says-he-is-perfectly-fine-1709226 |archive-date=10 August 2024 |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=[[ABP News]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2024 |title=Suriya 44: சண்டைக் காட்சியின்போது சூர்யாவுக்குத் தலையில் காயம்? ஊட்டி படப்பிடிப்பில் நடந்தது என்ன? |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/suriya-injured-his-head-during-karthik-subbaraj-movie-shooting-in-ooty |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810070007/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/suriya-injured-his-head-during-karthik-subbaraj-movie-shooting-in-ooty |archive-date=10 August 2024 |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> On 14 August, Suriya returned to the sets to resume shooting,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tara |first=Rakesh |date=9 September 2024 |title=Suriya 44 : கேரளாவில் அடுத்தகட்ட படப்பிடிப்பை தொடங்கிய சூர்யா.. குவிந்த ரசிகர்கள் |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/actor-suriya-s-selfie-with-fans-in-thodupuzha-kerala-suriya-44-shoot-happening-at-brisk-pace-200176 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909140741/https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/actor-suriya-s-selfie-with-fans-in-thodupuzha-kerala-suriya-44-shoot-happening-at-brisk-pace-200176 |archive-date=9 September 2024 |access-date=9 September 2024 |website=[[ABP Nadu]] |language=ta}}</ref> with several [[Russians]] and [[Afghans]] participating.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024 |title=சூர்யா 44 படப்பிடிப்பில் சிக்கல் - போலிசார் விசாரணை |url=https://www.nakkheeran.in/cinema/cinema-news/suriya-44-shooting-spot-issue |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816174516/https://www.nakkheeran.in/cinema/cinema-news/suriya-44-shooting-spot-issue |archive-date=16 August 2024 |access-date=16 August 2024 |website=[[Nakkheeran]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Venkadesan |date=14 August 2024 |title=Russians acting in Suriya's film called for inquiry in Ooty |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/russians-acting-in-suriyas-film-called-for-inquiry-in-ooty/articleshow/112529538.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816171440/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/russians-acting-in-suriyas-film-called-for-inquiry-in-ooty/articleshow/112529538.cms |archive-date=16 August 2024 |access-date=16 August 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> Shooting reportedly happened at three hotels in the particular schedule.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024 |title=சுற்றுலா விசாவில் வந்த ரஷ்ய நடிகர்கள்: சூர்யா படப்பிடிப்பில் விதிமீறல் அம்பலம் |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/news/tamil-nadu-news/russian-actors-on-tourist-visas-irregularities-exposed-in-suriya-/3705507 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816170829/https://www.dinamalar.com/news/tamil-nadu-news/russian-actors-on-tourist-visas-irregularities-exposed-in-suriya-/3705507 |archive-date=16 August 2024 |access-date=16 August 2024 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> A song featuring Shriya Saran was shot in this schedule.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundar |first=Anusha |date=28 August 2024 |title=Shriya Saran to appear in special dance number in Suriya 44, here is everything you need to know |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/shriya-saran-to-appear-in-special-dance-number-in-suriya-44-here-is-everything-you-need-to-know/ee291b4d5a101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828151657/https://www.ottplay.com/news/shriya-saran-to-appear-in-special-dance-number-in-suriya-44-here-is-everything-you-need-to-know/ee291b4d5a101 |archive-date=28 August 2024 |access-date=28 August 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Baisakhi |date=28 August 2024 |title=Suriya 44 Buzz: THIS actress to shake a leg with Suriya in special number for his next film helmed by Karthik Subbaraj |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/suriya-44-buzz-this-actress-to-shake-a-leg-with-suriya-in-special-number-for-his-next-film-helmed-by-karthik-subbaraj-1343753 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828152552/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/suriya-44-buzz-this-actress-to-shake-a-leg-with-suriya-in-special-number-for-his-next-film-helmed-by-karthik-subbaraj-1343753 |archive-date=28 August 2024 |access-date=28 August 2024 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref> This schedule was completed on 17 August 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Akhila |date=18 August 2024 |title=Suriya 44: Suriya and Karthik Subbaraj wrap up Ooty schedule; major updates are out |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-44-suriya-and-karthik-subbaraj-wrap-up-ooty-schedule/242ef75826906 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818151758/https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-44-suriya-and-karthik-subbaraj-wrap-up-ooty-schedule/242ef75826906 |archive-date=18 August 2024 |access-date=18 August 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2024 |title=സംവിധായകൻ കാര്‍ത്തിക് സുബ്ബരാജിന്റെ സൂര്യ ചിത്രം, അപ്‍ഡേറ്റ് പുറത്ത് |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/suriya-44s-ootty-shedule-wrapped-up-report-hrk-siequu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823105549/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/suriya-44s-ootty-shedule-wrapped-up-report-hrk-siequu |archive-date=23 August 2024 |access-date=23 August 2024 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ml}}</ref> with 70% of the film's shooting has been completed with this schedule.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2024 |title='Suriya 44' shoot heads to Kerala for a short schedule |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-44-shoot-heads-to-kerala-for-a-short-schedule/articleshow/112829871.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827150028/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-44-shoot-heads-to-kerala-for-a-short-schedule/articleshow/112829871.cms |archive-date=27 August 2024 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=A Manu |first=Hridyambika |date=6 September 2024 |title=27 years of Suriya: Makers of Suriya 44 drop an exciting poster celebrating the Tamil star's reign |url=https://www.desimartini.com/movies/trending/27-years-of-suriya-makers-of-suriya-44-drop-an-exciting-poster-celebrating-the-tamil-stars-reign/e814f9e17d425/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907060520/https://www.desimartini.com/movies/trending/27-years-of-suriya-makers-of-suriya-44-drop-an-exciting-poster-celebrating-the-tamil-stars-reign/e814f9e17d425/ |archive-date=7 September 2024 |access-date=7 September 2024 |website=[[Desimartini]] |language=en}}</ref> By mid-August, Jayaram completed filming for his portions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2024 |title=வதந்திகளுக்கு முற்றுப்புள்ளி வைத்த 'சூர்யா 44' படக்குழு! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1310420-karthik-subbaraj-suriya-film-crew-put-an-end-card-to-rumours-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915054337/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1310420-karthik-subbaraj-suriya-film-crew-put-an-end-card-to-rumours-1.html |archive-date=15 September 2024 |access-date=15 September 2024 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2024 |title=കാളിദാസ് ജയറാമും പ്രശാന്തും സൂര്യ 44 ന്റെ ഭാഗമല്ല; വ്യക്തമാക്കി അണിയറപ്രവർത്തകർ |url=https://www.reporterlive.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/09/12/prasanth-and-kalidas-jayaram-are-not-the-part-of-suriya-44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928173637/https://www.reporterlive.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/09/12/prasanth-and-kalidas-jayaram-are-not-the-part-of-suriya-44 |archive-date=28 September 2024 |access-date=28 September 2024 |website=[[Reporter TV]] |language=ml}}</ref>

A day later, on 19 August 2024, the next schedule was intended to begin at [[Idukki district|Idukki]] in [[Kerala]] for the two-day shoot;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sivashankar |first=RD |date=18 August 2024 |title=சூர்யா 44வது படத்தின் புதிய அப்டேட்! |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/cinemanews/123331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818113758/https://www.dinamalar.com/cinemanews/123331 |archive-date=18 August 2024 |access-date=18 August 2024 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2024 |title=தீவிரமடையும் சூர்யா - 44 படப்பிடிப்பு! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/Aug/18/suriya-44-movie-update-2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818180451/https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/Aug/18/suriya-44-movie-update-2 |archive-date=18 August 2024 |access-date=18 August 2024 |website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref> but was delayed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2024 |title=ചിത്രീകരണത്തിന് സൂര്യ ഇടുക്കിയിൽ |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/news/news.php?id=1371442 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826073000/https://keralakaumudi.com/news/news.php?id=1371442 |archive-date=26 August 2024 |access-date=26 August 2024 |website=[[Kerala Kaumudi]] |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajeev |first=Anagha |date=24 August 2024 |title=സൂര്യ തൊടുപുഴയിലേക്ക്; ആവേശത്തിൽ ആരാധകർ |url=https://www.vellinakshatram.com/news/surya-to-thodupuzha-fans-in-excitement-544851 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826092053/https://www.vellinakshatram.com/news/surya-to-thodupuzha-fans-in-excitement-544851 |archive-date=26 August 2024 |access-date=26 August 2024 |website=[[Vellinakshatram (magazine)|Vellinakshatram]] |language=ml}}</ref> The schedule began with filming in [[Kaliyar]] area, [[Thodupuzha]], at Idukki on 8 September 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundar |first=Anusha |date=8 September 2024 |title=Suriya 44: Actor flies down to Kerala to join shoot of Karthik Subbaraj's gangster drama |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-44-actor-flies-down-to-kerala-to-join-shoot-of-karthik-subbarajs-gangster-drama/3b59de3759130 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908123517/https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-44-actor-flies-down-to-kerala-to-join-shoot-of-karthik-subbarajs-gangster-drama/3b59de3759130 |archive-date=8 September 2024 |access-date=8 September 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2024 |title=Suriya set to thrill Kerala fans with Thodupuzha visit for new film shoot |url=https://www.expresskerala.com/news/malayalee-group-wraps-up-surya-surya-film-surya-44-with-fans-in-hand.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908121809/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/suriya-coming-to-kerala-thodupuzha-for-new-film-suriya44-shoot-1.9840748 |archive-date=8 September 2024 |access-date=8 September 2024 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=en}}</ref> The Kerala schedule, which went on for two days, ended on 9 September with a night shoot.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Akhila |date=9 September 2024 |title=കേരള മക്കൾക്ക് സൂര്യയുടെ വണക്കം; വൈറലായി 'സൂര്യ 44' ലൊക്കേഷൻ സെൽഫി |url=https://www.reporterlive.com/entertainment/2024/09/09/suriyas-selfie-from-kerala-shoot-spot-goes-viral |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909230035/https://www.reporterlive.com/entertainment/2024/09/09/suriyas-selfie-from-kerala-shoot-spot-goes-viral |archive-date=9 September 2024 |access-date=9 September 2024 |website=[[Reporter TV]] |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Akhila |date=10 September 2024 |title=Suriya poses meet these Malayalam directors at Suriya 44 location in Kerala; poses with fans |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-poses-with-fans-at-suriya-44-location-in-kerala-pics/66994236f348 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910154057/https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-poses-with-fans-at-suriya-44-location-in-kerala-pics/66994236f348 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |access-date=10 September 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref> The team erected a jail set in [[BSNL]] office in Chennai in mid-September for the [[Chennai]] schedule, which included a song ("Kannadi Poove") being intended to be shot.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sundar |first=Anusha |date=5 March 2025 |title=Suriya on shooting for Karthik Subbaraj's Retro: I felt like I was living inside a real jail... |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-on-shooting-for-karthik-subbarajs-retro-i-felt-like-i-was-living-inside-a-real-jail/6f14e83f5e102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406091549/https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-on-shooting-for-karthik-subbarajs-retro-i-felt-like-i-was-living-inside-a-real-jail/6f14e83f5e102 |archive-date=6 April 2025 |access-date=5 March 2025 |work=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vinod |date=19 September 2024 |title=சூர்யா 44 படத்துக்காக சென்னையில் உருவாகும் அந்தமான் செட்! |url=https://tamil.webdunia.com/article/tamil-cinema-news-movie-film/andhaman-jail-set-in-chennai-for-suriya-44-124091900062_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240920071852/https://tamil.webdunia.com/article/tamil-cinema-news-movie-film/andhaman-jail-set-in-chennai-for-suriya-44-124091900062_1.html |archive-date=20 September 2024 |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=Webdunia Tamil |language=ta}}</ref> Rehearsals for the song, choreographed by Sherif was done in later days.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Akhila |date=23 September 2024 |title=Suriya 44 release update: Suriya, Karthik Subbaraj's film to get an early 2025 release? |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-44-release-update-suriya-karthik-subbaraj/b9b5ab0a29228 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925164851/https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-44-release-update-suriya-karthik-subbaraj/b9b5ab0a29228 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 March 2025 |title=When 'Retro' art direction team erected a jail set so real that Suriya felt he was in a real prison for five days! |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/when-retro-art-direction-team-erected-a-jail-set-so-real-that-suriya-felt-he-was-in-a-real-prison-for-five-days-825070 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250307002826/https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/when-retro-art-direction-team-erected-a-jail-set-so-real-that-suriya-felt-he-was-in-a-real-prison-for-five-days-825070 |archive-date=7 March 2025 |access-date=7 March 2025 |work=[[DT Next]] |language=en}}</ref> The final schedule began in late-September in Chennai,<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2024 |title=Pooja Hegde wraps up her portions for Suriya 44 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Sep/25/pooja-hegde-wraps-up-her-portions-for-suriya-44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925165201/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Sep/25/pooja-hegde-wraps-up-her-portions-for-suriya-44 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vinod |date=28 September 2024 |title=பூஜா ஹெக்டேவுக்கு நன்றி தெரிவித்த சூர்யா 44 படக்குழு! |url=https://tamil.webdunia.com/article/tamil-cinema-news-movie-film/suriya-44-movie-pooja-hegde-completed-her-portion-124092800005_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928172814/https://tamil.webdunia.com/article/tamil-cinema-news-movie-film/suriya-44-movie-pooja-hegde-completed-her-portion-124092800005_1.html |archive-date=28 September 2024 |access-date=28 September 2024 |website=Webdunia Tamil |language=ta}}</ref> with Suriya trimming his beard and moustache for this schedule.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2024 |title=കാർത്തിക് സുബ്ബരാജ് എന്തോ വലുത് പ്ലാൻ ചെയ്യുന്നുണ്ട്'; ശ്രദ്ധ നേടി സൂര്യയുടെ പുതിയ ലുക്ക് |url=https://www.reporterlive.com/amp/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/09/26/suriya-new-look-gone-viral-in-social-media |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926175431/https://www.reporterlive.com/amp/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/09/26/suriya-new-look-gone-viral-in-social-media |archive-date=26 September 2024 |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=[[Reporter TV]] |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2024 |title=Suriya's college-boy look for Karthik Subbaraj's directorial 'Suriya 44' revealed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-college-boy-look-for-karthik-subbarajs-directorial-suriya-44-revealed/articleshow/113874525.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002144514/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-college-boy-look-for-karthik-subbarajs-directorial-suriya-44-revealed/articleshow/113874525.cms |archive-date=2 October 2024 |access-date=2 October 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> Hegde had completed shooting for her portions by 24 September.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundar |first=Anusha |date=25 September 2024 |title=Pooja Hegde wraps up shooting for Suriya 44 |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/pooja-hegde-wraps-up-shooting-for-suriya-44/ad7c90f041595 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925165411/https://www.ottplay.com/news/pooja-hegde-wraps-up-shooting-for-suriya-44/ad7c90f041595 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nasreen |first=Raisa |date=25 September 2024 |title=Pooja Hegde Wraps Up Her Portions For Suriya 44 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/pooja-hegde-wraps-her-portions-for-suriya-44-article-113657848 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925165706/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/pooja-hegde-wraps-her-portions-for-suriya-44-article-113657848 |archive-date=25 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref> This schedule, which took place for two weeks, was completed by 6 October 2024, resulting in the film's principal photography being [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=Anisha |date=6 October 2024 |title=Suriya wraps Suriya 44 shoot, shares pic with 'brother for life' Karthik Subbaraj |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-sivakumar-wraps-suriya-44-shoot-karthik-subbaraj-2612242-2024-10-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006164822/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-sivakumar-wraps-suriya-44-shoot-karthik-subbaraj-2612242-2024-10-06 |archive-date=6 October 2024 |access-date=6 October 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Akhila |date=6 October 2024 |title=Suriya pens a heartfelt note for Karthik Subbaraj and team as they wrap up Suriya 44 {{!}} Check out |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-pens-a-heartfelt-note-for-karthik-subbaraj-and-team-as-they-wrap-suriya-44-check-out/983acf07f1520 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006164854/https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-pens-a-heartfelt-note-for-karthik-subbaraj-and-team-as-they-wrap-suriya-44-check-out/983acf07f1520 |archive-date=6 October 2024 |access-date=6 October 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref>

A 15-minutes [[Long take|long single shot]] sequence involving action, song ("[[Kanimaa]]") and drama scenes were also shot while filming.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2024 |title=ஒரே டேக்கில் 15 நிமிடக் காட்சி... 'சூர்யா 44'-ல் ரசிகர்களுக்கு சர்ப்ரைஸ்! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1331428-surya-44-movie-update-team-shoot-15-min-scene-in-single-take.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20241225061230/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1331428-surya-44-movie-update-team-shoot-15-min-scene-in-single-take.html |archive-date=25 December 2024 |access-date=26 October 2024 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2024 |title=Surya 44 : 15 నిమిషాల షాట్.. సింగిల్ టేక్.. సూర్య నటవిశ్వరూపం |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/cinema-news/surya-44-15-minutes-shot-single-take-surya-nataviswarupam-699767.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225060635/https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/cinema-news/surya-44-15-minutes-shot-single-take-surya-nataviswarupam-699767.html |archive-date=25 December 2024 |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=[[NTV (India)|NTV]] |language=te}}</ref> The sequence in the title teaser featuring Suriya and Hegde was shot at night in [[Varanasi]], where 100-200 clay oil lamps were used to create a twilight effect.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 February 2025 |title=அகல் விளக்குகள் மூலம் மேஜிக் செய்த ஒளிப்பதிவாளர் ஷ்ரேயாஸ்... வெளியானது 'ரெட்ரோ' காமிக்ஸ் - RETRO MOVIE BTS COMICS |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/ta/!entertainment/surya-pooja-hegde-retro-movie-title-teaser-making-bts-in-comics-story-tamil-nadu-news-tns25021801236 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250218080748/https://www.etvbharat.com/ta/!entertainment/surya-pooja-hegde-retro-movie-title-teaser-making-bts-in-comics-story-tamil-nadu-news-tns25021801236 |archive-date=18 February 2025 |access-date=18 February 2025 |work=[[ETV Network|ETV Bharat News]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2025 |title='ரெட்ரோ' படப்பிடிப்பில் சுவாரஸ்யம் |url=https://www.nakkheeran.in/cinema/cinema-news/retro-title-teaser-comics-released |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250217131810/https://www.nakkheeran.in/cinema/cinema-news/retro-title-teaser-comics-released |archive-date=17 February 2025 |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=[[Nakkheeran]] |language=ta}}</ref> 80% of the film was reportedly shot on sets.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2024 |title=കാര്‍ത്തിക് സുബ്ബരാജിന്റെ സൂര്യ 44, ചിത്രത്തിന്റെ അപ്‍ഡേറ്റ് പുറത്ത് |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/director-karthik-subbaraj-suriyas-film-update-out-hrk-sg52ts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727032625/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/director-karthik-subbaraj-suriyas-film-update-out-hrk-sg52ts |archive-date=27 July 2024 |access-date=5 July 2024 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ml}}</ref>

=== Post-production ===
After filming was completed, the film entered into an extensive [[post-production]] phase.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2024 |title=அசுர வேகத்தில் முடிந்த சூர்யா 44 படப்பிடிப்பு! பொங்கலுக்கு ரிலீஸ்? |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/photo-gallery/suriya-and-karthik-subbaraj-new-movie-suriya-44-shooting-wrapped-pongal-2025-release-532309/-532312 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225061338/https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/photo-gallery/suriya-and-karthik-subbaraj-new-movie-suriya-44-shooting-wrapped-pongal-2025-release-532309/-532312 |archive-date=25 December 2024 |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=[[Zee News]] |language=ta}}</ref> Subbaraj revealed that he will spend more time for the film's post-production,<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2024 |title=Suriya 44 {{!}} స‌మ్మ‌ర్‌కు రానున్న సూర్య, కార్తీక్ సుబ్బరాజు మూవీ |url=https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/suriya44-summer-2025-release-confirmed-by-karthik-subbaraj-1764043 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225061521/https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/suriya44-summer-2025-release-confirmed-by-karthik-subbaraj-1764043 |archive-date=25 December 2024 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[Namasthe Telangana]] |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2024 |title=சூர்யா 44 கேங்ஸ்டர் படமில்லை..! ரிலீஸ் குறித்து பேசிய கார்த்திக் சுப்புராஜ்! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/Oct/18/suriya-44-is-not-a-gangstar-film-says-karthik-subbaraj |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225063353/https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/Oct/18/suriya-44-is-not-a-gangstar-film-says-karthik-subbaraj |archive-date=25 December 2024 |access-date=18 October 2024 |website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref> resulting in the film's release plans for [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] (14 January 2025) being deferred.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=18 October 2024 |title=Is 'Suriya 44' to release on Pongal 2025? Karthik Subbaraj answers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/is-suriya-44-to-release-on-pongal-2025-karthik-subbaraj-answers/articleshow/114337985.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250212180012/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/is-suriya-44-to-release-on-pongal-2025-karthik-subbaraj-answers/articleshow/114337985.cms |archive-date=12 February 2025 |access-date=12 February 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Shafique Mohamed Ali renewed his association with Subbaraj after ''Jigarthanda Double X'' and handled the editing for the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2024 |title=Suriya starts filming for Karthik Subbaraj's new project |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2024/Jun/03/suriya-starts-filming-for-karthik-subbarajs-new-project |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605020710/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2024/Jun/03/suriya-starts-filming-for-karthik-subbarajs-new-project |archive-date=5 June 2024 |access-date=18 October 2024 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The film's [[visual effects]] were done by Lorven Studios and was [[Visual effects supervisor|supervised]] by S. Hariharasuthan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prana |date=8 January 2025 |title=സൂര്യയുടെ 'റെട്രോ'യുടെ റിലീസ് തീയതി പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു |url=https://www.kalakaumudi.com/movies/the-release-date-of-suriyas-retro-has-been-announced-8602597 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120131929/https://www.kalakaumudi.com/movies/the-release-date-of-suriyas-retro-has-been-announced-8602597 |archive-date=20 January 2025 |access-date=20 January 2025 |work=[[Kalakaumudi]] |language=ml}}</ref> Suresh Ravi handled the [[Color grading|colour grading]], [[digital intermediate]] and [[previsualisation]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 January 2025 |title=വൻ ഡീല്‍, സൂര്യയുടെ റെട്രോയുടെ ഒടിടി റൈറ്റ്സ് വിറ്റുപോയി |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/actor-suriyas-retro-film-ott-updates-out-hrk-sq4fmk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115102123/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/actor-suriyas-retro-film-ott-updates-out-hrk-sq4fmk |archive-date=15 January 2025 |access-date=15 January 2025 |work=[[Asianet News]] |language=ml}}</ref> S. Alagiakoothan worked on [[sound design]] and Suren G. handled the [[Sound recording and reproduction|sound recording]], [[Sound editor (filmmaking)|editing]] and [[audio mixing|mixing]] of the film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sundar |first=Anusha |date=13 February 2025 |title=ജയിലഴിക്കുള്ളിൽ സൂര്യ; കാർത്തിക് സുബ്ബരാജ് ചിത്രം റെട്രോയിലെ ആദ്യ ഗാനം പുറത്ത് |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/music/retro-movie-surya-new-song-released-1.10339146 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250215042056/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/music/retro-movie-surya-new-song-released-1.10339146 |archive-date=15 February 2025 |access-date=15 February 2025 |work=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=ml}}</ref> Santhosh worked on the film's background score in November 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=பாரதிராஜா |first=மை. |date=27 November 2024 |title=Suriya Updates: போஸ்ட் புரொடக்‌ஷனில் 'Suriya 44'... ஆர்.ஜே.பாலாஜியுடன் 'Suriya 45' கோவை ஷெட்யூல்! |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/suriya-rjbalaji-movie-suriya-45-movie-pooja-and-shoot-update |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20241225061204/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/suriya-rjbalaji-movie-suriya-45-movie-pooja-and-shoot-update |archive-date=25 December 2024 |access-date=7 December 2024 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref>

Joju George completed his dubbing by January 2025,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rao |first=Anisha |date=24 January 2025 |title=Malayalam actor Joju George discusses Suriya's Retro, praises Karthik Subbaraj |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/malayalam-actor-joju-george-discusses-suriyas-retro-praises-karthik-subbaraj-2669727-2025-01-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127024135/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/malayalam-actor-joju-george-discusses-suriyas-retro-praises-karthik-subbaraj-2669727-2025-01-24 |archive-date=27 January 2025 |access-date=13 February 2025 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> while Hegde had completed her dubbing the following month.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 March 2025 |title=Pooja Hegde dubs in her own voice for Suriya-starrer 'Retro' |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/pooja-hegde-dubs-in-her-own-voice-for-suriya-starrer-retro-952609 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323002100/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/pooja-hegde-dubs-in-her-own-voice-for-suriya-starrer-retro-952609 |archive-date=23 March 2025 |access-date=23 March 2025 |work=[[The Hans India]] |language=en}}</ref> She dubbed for her own voice, the first time for a Tamil film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohammad |first=Avad |date=11 March 2025 |title=Retro: Pooja Hegde dubs in Tamil for the first time with the Suriya starrer, impresses the makers |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/retro-pooja-hegde-makes-her-tamil-dubbing-debut-with-the-suriya-starrer/8c754faab4607 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |access-date=18 April 2025 |archive-date=18 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318145104/https://www.ottplay.com/news/retro-pooja-hegde-makes-her-tamil-dubbing-debut-with-the-suriya-starrer/8c754faab4607 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2025 |title=Pooja Hegde dubs in her own voice for the first time in Tamil film 'Retro' opposite Suriya |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/pooja-hegde-dubs-in-her-own-voice-for-the-first-time-in-tamil-film-retro-opposite-suriya-article-12961914.html |website=[[Moneycontrol]]}}</ref> The final phase of post-production began by March 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 March 2025 |title='ரெட்ரோ' பார்த்த சூர்யா மகிழ்ச்சி: கார்த்திக் சுப்பராஜ் பகிர்வு |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1353671-suriya-is-happy-to-see-retro-shares-karthik-subbaraj.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322213214/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1353671-suriya-is-happy-to-see-retro-shares-karthik-subbaraj.html |archive-date=22 March 2025 |access-date=22 March 2025 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> Suriya completed dubbing for his portions in early-April 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 April 2025 |title=Suriya completes dubbing for Karthik Subbaraj's action-packed thriller 'Retro' |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2025/Apr/02/suriya-completes-dubbing-for-karthik-subbarajs-action-packed-thriller-retro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250402115808/https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2025/Apr/02/suriya-completes-dubbing-for-karthik-subbarajs-action-packed-thriller-retro |archive-date=2 April 2025 |access-date=2 April 2025 |work=[[Indulge Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2025 |title=Suriya wraps dubbing for Karthik Subbaraj's Retro |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Apr/02/suriya-wraps-dubbing-for-karthik-subbarajs-retro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250418072314/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Apr/02/suriya-wraps-dubbing-for-karthik-subbarajs-retro |archive-date=18 April 2025 |access-date=18 April 2025 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

The film's final edit was ready by mid-April 2025 and was submitted to the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] (CBFC) that month.<ref name=":2" /> On 17 April 2025, the film received a [[U/A certificate]] from the CBFC, with a finalised runtime of 168 minutes (2 hours, 48 minutes) after few words and excessive violent scenes were censored.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sundar |first=Anusha |date=17 April 2025 |title=Retro runtime and censor locked: Suriya - Karthik Subbaraj film is a lengthy one; to have cuts for violence |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/retro-runtime-and-censor-locked-suriya-karthik-subbaraj-film-is-a-lengthy-one-to-have-cuts-for-violence/600c53a7fb201 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417165312/https://www.ottplay.com/news/retro-runtime-and-censor-locked-suriya-karthik-subbaraj-film-is-a-lengthy-one-to-have-cuts-for-violence/600c53a7fb201 |archive-date=17 April 2025 |access-date=18 April 2025 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2025 |title=Suriya-Karthik Subbaraj's Retro clears censorship formalities |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Apr/17/suriya-karthik-subbarajs-retro-clears-censorship-formalities |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250418072748/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Apr/17/suriya-karthik-subbarajs-retro-clears-censorship-formalities |archive-date=18 April 2025 |access-date=18 April 2025 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|Retro (soundtrack)}}
The music and background score are composed by [[Santhosh Narayanan]], in his first collaboration with Suriya and eighth with Subbaraj.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nasreen |first=Raisa |date=16 May 2024 |title=Music Composer Santhosh Narayanan Joins Suriya 44 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/santhosh-narayanan-onboard-suriya-44-article-110163988 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520165615/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/santhosh-narayanan-onboard-suriya-44-article-110163988 |archive-date=20 May 2024 |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Efn|[[Santhosh Narayanan]] and [[Karthik Subbaraj]] previously collaborated on ''[[Pizza (2012 film)|Pizza]]'' (2012), ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]'' (2014), ''[[Iraivi]]'' (2016), ''[[Mercury (film)|Mercury]]'' (2018), ''[[Jagame Thandhiram]]'' (2021), ''[[Mahaan (2022 film)|Mahaan]]'' (2022) and ''[[Jigarthanda DoubleX]]'' (2023).}} The audio rights of the film were bagged by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2025 |title=ரெட்ரோ படத்தின் ஆடியோ உரிமையை பெற்ற டி சீரிஸ் - ஃபர்ஸ்ட் சிங்கிள் விரைவில் |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/t-series-acquires-audio-rights-for-film-retro-first-single-coming-soon-759578 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211153336/https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/t-series-acquires-audio-rights-for-film-retro-first-single-coming-soon-759578 |archive-date=11 February 2025 |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref> The first single "Kannadi Poove" was released on 13 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2025 |title=காதலர் தின பரிசை அறிவித்த ரெட்ரோ படக்குழு - ஃபர்ஸ்ட் சிங்கிள் அப்டேட் |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/retro-film-team-announces-valentines-day-gift-first-single-update-760136 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213082019/https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/retro-film-team-announces-valentines-day-gift-first-single-update-760136 |archive-date=13 February 2025 |access-date=13 February 2025 |website=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Gowtham |date=13 February 2025 |title=Retro first single OUT: Suriya appears as a dazed and longing lover in soulful romantic track Kannadi Poove |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/retro-first-single-out-suriya-appears-as-a-dazed-and-longing-lover-in-soulful-romantic-track-kannadi-poove-1372341 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213182012/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/retro-first-single-out-suriya-appears-as-a-dazed-and-longing-lover-in-soulful-romantic-track-kannadi-poove-1372341 |archive-date=13 February 2025 |access-date=13 February 2025 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref> The second single titled "[[Kanimaa]]" was released on 21 March 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 March 2025 |title=Second single from Suriya-Karthik Subbaraj's Retro titled 'Kanimaa' |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Mar/19/second-single-from-suriya-karthik-subbarajs-retro-titled-kanimaa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250320054859/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Mar/19/second-single-from-suriya-karthik-subbarajs-retro-titled-kanimaa |archive-date=20 March 2025 |access-date=20 March 2025 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The third single "The One" was released on 12 April 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=S |first=Goutham |date=12 April 2025 |title=Retro 3rd single OUT: Suriya's latest song The One from Karthik Subbaraj movie is full of sheer wild energy |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/retro-3rd-single-out-suriyas-latest-song-the-one-from-karthik-subbaraj-movie-is-full-of-sheer-wild-energy-1382165 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250413144931/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/retro-3rd-single-out-suriyas-latest-song-the-one-from-karthik-subbaraj-movie-is-full-of-sheer-wild-energy-1382165 |archive-date=13 April 2025 |access-date=12 April 2025 |work=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref> The film's audio launch—which aimed to promote the music—took place at [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]] in [[Chennai]] on 18 April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balaji |first=R |date=8 April 2025 |title=ரெட்ரோ படத்தின் டிரெய்லர் எப்போது? வெளியான அப்டேட்! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/an-update-on-the-trailer-of-actor-suriya-44th-film-retro-has-been-released-574352 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410043826/https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/an-update-on-the-trailer-of-actor-suriya-44th-film-retro-has-been-released-574352 |archive-date=10 April 2025 |access-date=8 April 2025 |website=[[Zee News]] |language=ta}}</ref>

The album was split into [[A-side and B-side]], A-side consisting 6 tracks was released on 18 April 2025, B-side soundtrack consisting 5 tracks was released on 23 May 2025.

== Marketing ==
The film's announcement poster released on 28 March 2024 became the most viewed announcement poster for an Indian film in 24 hours on [[Twitter]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2024 |title=Suriya and Karthik Subbaraj join hands for Love Laughter War |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/suriya-karthik-subbaraj-join-hands-love-laughter-war/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329043103/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/suriya-karthik-subbaraj-join-hands-love-laughter-war/ |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=29 March 2024 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Asharaf |first=Ashija |date=3 March 2025 |title=Most Hyped movies of 2025- The Raja Saab, Retro and....?? |url=https://english.bigtvlive.com/world-cinema/most-hyped-movies-of-2025-the-raja-saab-retro-and/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406094753/https://english.bigtvlive.com/world-cinema/most-hyped-movies-of-2025-the-raja-saab-retro-and/ |archive-date=6 April 2025 |access-date=3 March 2025 |work=Big TV |language=en}}</ref> On 2 June 2024, the makers unveiled the film's "first shot" video, but the title was not revealed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2024 |title=கார்த்திக் சுப்பராஜின் 'சூர்யா 44' முதல் ஷாட் வீடியோ வெளியீடு! |trans-title=Karthik Subbaraj's 'Suriya 44' First Shot Video Released! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1258586-suriya-44-first-shot-video.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602163351/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1258586-suriya-44-first-shot-video.html |archive-date=2 June 2024 |access-date=15 June 2024 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2024 |title=പേര് പ്രഖ്യാപിക്കുംമുന്‍പേ ആദ്യ ഷോട്ട്! വേറിട്ട പ്രചരണ തന്ത്രവുമായി സൂര്യ ചിത്രം |trans-title=First shot even before the name announcement! Surya film with a separate promotion strategy |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/makers-unveils-suriya-44-first-shot-directed-by-karthik-subbaraj-segk6a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616040629/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/makers-unveils-suriya-44-first-shot-directed-by-karthik-subbaraj-segk6a |archive-date=16 June 2024 |access-date=15 June 2024 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ml}}</ref> It received a positive response and increased expectations for the film's title reveal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Akhila |date=3 June 2024 |title=Suriya 44 First Shot Twitter reaction – Netizens go gaga over Suriya-Karthik Subbaraj film's glimpse |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-44-first-shot-twitter-reaction-netizens-go-gaga-over-suriya-karthik-subbaraj-films-glimpse/129be79423107 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605010850/https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-44-first-shot-twitter-reaction-netizens-go-gaga-over-suriya-karthik-subbaraj-films-glimpse/129be79423107 |archive-date=5 June 2024 |access-date=15 June 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 June 2024 |title='Suriya 44' title poster to be out on July 23 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-44-title-poster-to-be-out-on-july-23/articleshow/110756552.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613071313/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriya-44-title-poster-to-be-out-on-july-23/articleshow/110756552.cms |archive-date=13 June 2024 |access-date=15 June 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> Subsequently, the video was attached for theatrical screenings.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://x.com/i/status/1799727086325883365 |title=Suriya44 first shot theatre response in Kerala |date=9 June 2024 |type=motion picture |place=Kerala |access-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615073735/https://x.com/SFC_EAGLE/status/1799727086325883365 |archive-date=15 June 2024 |url-status=live |people=Eagle}}</ref> Later, after ten days of its original release, the video was released on [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1800892381161746837 |user=SuriyaAbi6 |title=#Suriya44 in 4K |author=Abinesh |date=12 June 2024 |access-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241225074003/https://x.com/SuriyaAbi6/status/1800892381161746837 |archive-date=25 December 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Akhila Menon of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' noted "The one-of-a-kind video, which is a first-time attempt in [[Tamil cinema]], featured leading man Suriya in a never-seen-before avatar."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Akhila |date=18 June 2024 |title=Suriya 44 – Pooja Hegde hikes fees; charges THIS whopping amount for Suriya, Karthik Subbaraj's film? |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-44-pooja-hegde-hikes-fees-charges-this-whopping-amount/b72d891d56171 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620031119/https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-44-pooja-hegde-hikes-fees-charges-this-whopping-amount/b72d891d56171 |archive-date=20 June 2024 |access-date=19 June 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref>

The film's title was to be unveiled on Suriya's birthday (23 July);<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tara |first=Rakesh |date=6 June 2024 |title=Suriya 44: சூர்யா பிறந்தநாளில் காத்திருக்கும் 2 படங்களின் அப்டேட்.. மரண வெயிட்டிங்கில் ரசிகர்கள் |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/actor-suriya-and-karthik-subbaraj-suriya-44-movie-first-look-to-be-released-on-july-23-on-suriya-birthday-186969 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606105018/https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/actor-suriya-and-karthik-subbaraj-suriya-44-movie-first-look-to-be-released-on-july-23-on-suriya-birthday-186969 |archive-date=6 June 2024 |access-date=6 June 2024 |website=[[ABP Nadu]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Akhila |date=22 July 2024 |title=Suriya 44 update: Suriya, Karthik Subbaraj to reveal their action drama's title on this date? |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-44-update-suriya-karthik-subbaraj-to-reveal-their-action-drama-title-on-this-date/8196c328b4788 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822160005/https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-44-update-suriya-karthik-subbaraj-to-reveal-their-action-drama-title-on-this-date/8196c328b4788 |archive-date=22 August 2024 |access-date=22 August 2024 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref> however, a special promo was released on the aforementioned date, with no title revealed,<ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Janani |date=23 July 2024 |title=Suriya turns 49, director Karthik Subbaraj gifts new promo from their film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-turns-49-director-karthik-subbaraj-gifts-new-promo-from-their-film-2570476-2024-07-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727032625/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-turns-49-director-karthik-subbaraj-gifts-new-promo-from-their-film-2570476-2024-07-23 |archive-date=27 July 2024 |access-date=27 July 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2024 |title=Suriya's transformation in 'Suriya 44' teaser leaves fans guessing: Hero or villain? |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/suriyas-transformation-in-suriya-fort-four-teaser-leaves-fans-guessing-hero-or-villain-1.9751371 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822160005/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/suriyas-transformation-in-suriya-fort-four-teaser-leaves-fans-guessing-hero-or-villain-1.9751371 |archive-date=22 August 2024 |access-date=22 August 2024 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=en}}</ref> but revealed that the title teaser is coming soon.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2024 |title=Suriya 44 Teaser Trailer Released On Actor's Birthday |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/suriya-44-teaser-trailer-released-065205905.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807173606/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/suriya-44-teaser-trailer-released-065205905.html |archive-date=7 August 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=[[Yahoo Entertainment]] |language=en}}</ref> It became the most viewed promo in less than 20 hours of its release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2024 |title="65 Million Views for Surya44's Latest Promo!" |url=https://telugubullet.com/65-million-views-for-surya44s-latest-promo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820064113/https://telugubullet.com/65-million-views-for-surya44s-latest-promo/ |archive-date=20 August 2024 |access-date=20 August 2024 |website=Telugu Bullet |language=te}}</ref> After receiving wider recognition,<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2024 |title=மிரட்டலான தோற்றம்.. சூர்யா - 44 கிளிம்ஸ்! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/Jul/23/suriya-44-glimpse |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726050816/https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/Jul/23/suriya-44-glimpse |archive-date=26 July 2024 |access-date=26 July 2024 |website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2024 |title=Suriya suffers minor head injury on the sets of 'Suriya 44' in Ooty |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/tamil/suriya-injured-on-the-sets-of-suriya-44-in-ooty/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812050714/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/tamil/suriya-injured-on-the-sets-of-suriya-44-in-ooty/ |archive-date=12 August 2024 |access-date=12 August 2024 |website=The South First |language=en}}</ref> the glimpse was attached for theatrical screenings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Dishya |date=23 July 2024 |title=Suriya 44: Karthik Subbaraj Treats Suriya Fans to FIRST Glimpse of Their Film on His Birthday |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/suriya-44-karthik-subbaraj-treats-suriya-fans-to-first-glimpse-of-their-film-on-his-birthday-watch-8974984.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816172223/https://www.news18.com/movies/suriya-44-karthik-subbaraj-treats-suriya-fans-to-first-glimpse-of-their-film-on-his-birthday-watch-8974984.html |archive-date=16 August 2024 |access-date=16 August 2024 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref> On 22 November 2024, at the [[55th International Film Festival of India]], Karthik announced that promotions for the film would begin from the following month.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=23 November 2024 |title=Surya 44: புரோமோஷன் முதல் ரிலீஸ் வரை! - 'சூர்யா 44' அப்டேட் கொடுத்த கார்த்திக் சுப்புராஜ் |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/karthik-subbaraj-update-on-surya-44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241123122629/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/karthik-subbaraj-update-on-surya-44 |archive-date=23 November 2024 |access-date=23 November 2024 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref>

The title of the film was revealed on the occasion of Christmas (25 December) along with a teaser.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Srijony |date=25 December 2024 |title=Suriya 44 now titled Retro; Karthik Subbaraj directorial promises love, laughter, and war featuring Suriya and Pooja Hegde |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/suriya-44-now-titled-retro-karthik-subbaraj-directorial-promises-love-laughter-and-war-featuring-suriya-and-pooja-hegde-1364266 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226025906/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/suriya-44-now-titled-retro-karthik-subbaraj-directorial-promises-love-laughter-and-war-featuring-suriya-and-pooja-hegde-1364266 |archive-date=26 December 2024 |access-date=26 December 2024 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref> It became the most watched Tamil title teaser in 24 hours with over 10 million views on YouTube.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2024 |title='பரிசுத்த காதல்..' ஒரு கோடி பார்வைகளைக் கடந்த ரெட்ரோ டீசர்! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/Dec/26/retro-teaser-crosses-one-crore-views |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226152321/https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2024/Dec/26/retro-teaser-crosses-one-crore-views |archive-date=26 December 2024 |access-date=26 December 2024 |website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 December 2024 |title=சூர்யாவின் ரெட்ரோ திரைப்படத்தின் டைட்டில் டீசர் 2 கோடி பார்வைகளை கடந்தது |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/suriyas-retro-movie-title-teaser-crosses-20-million-views-753430 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228210740/https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/suriyas-retro-movie-title-teaser-crosses-20-million-views-753430 |archive-date=28 December 2024 |access-date=28 December 2024 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref> ''[[DT Next]]'' commented: "The 136-second teaser gives a glimpse into the world of ''Retro'', with a balance of blood shed action with romance. The video begins with Suriya having a conversation with Pooja Hedge, and hints that Joju George plays the father of the lead actor."<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 December 2024 |title=Watch: Suriya- Karthik Subbaraj's project titled Retro; title teaser wins hearts |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/watch-suriya-karthik-subbarajs-project-titled-retro-title-teaser-wins-hearts-816683 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121091050/https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/watch-suriya-karthik-subbarajs-project-titled-retro-title-teaser-wins-hearts-816683 |archive-date=21 January 2025 |access-date=21 January 2025 |work=[[DT Next]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' said, "What stands out in the teaser is Pooja's ability to convey so much with just her eyes. There's a deep, unspoken emotion that speaks volumes, even without dialogue."<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 December 2024 |title=Pooja Hegde stuns in intense village look for Suriya 44's Retro teaser |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/pooja-hegde-stuns-intense-village-look-suriya-44s-retro-teaser/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225184116/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/pooja-hegde-stuns-intense-village-look-suriya-44s-retro-teaser/ |archive-date=25 December 2024 |access-date=25 December 2024 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref> Suhas Sistu, writing for ''[[The Hans India]]'', noted that "With powerful visuals, a gripping background score, and seamless editing, the teaser has garnered attention for its high production values."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=25 December 2024 |title=Suriya's film with Karthik Subbaraj titled 'Retro' |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/kollywood/suriyas-film-with-karthik-subbaraj-titled-retro-932482 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229204327/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/kollywood/suriyas-film-with-karthik-subbaraj-titled-retro-932482 |archive-date=29 December 2024 |access-date=29 December 2024 |work=[[The Hans India]] |language=en}}</ref> Additionally, the title teaser managed to raise the already sky-high expectations for the film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 December 2024 |title=Suriya 44 is now Retro: Karthik Subbaraj promises to deliver vintage love, laughter and war |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/suriya-44-is-now-retro-karthik-subbaraj-promises-to-deliver-vintage-love-laughter-and-war-9745876/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241230044315/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/suriya-44-is-now-retro-karthik-subbaraj-promises-to-deliver-vintage-love-laughter-and-war-9745876/ |archive-date=30 December 2024 |access-date=30 December 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Inspired by the teaser, the film's composer Santhosh Narayanan had shot a promotional video with his father, to promote his concert tour at [[Rudolf Weber-Arena]], [[Oberhausen]], [[Germany]] in June 2025.<ref>{{Cite Instagram |postid=DE0SDfpt1lk |user=ajsutharsan |title=AJ Entertainment Presents: Santhosh Narayanan Live in Concert |author=AJ Sutharsan |date=15 January 2025 |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250213073811/https://www.instagram.com/p/DE0SDfpt1lk/ |archive-date=13 February 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1879242188871106604 |user=Music_Santhosh |title=ON 07-Jun-2025, We make history together at Rudolf Weber Arena Germany!! Thank you Appa for the splendid cameo and thanks team #Retro and #Sikander for letting me do this. Special thanks nanbaaa @karthiksubbaraj and @ARMurugadoss sir. Pongal update is here as promised :P |author=Santhosh Narayanan |author-link=Santhosh Narayanan |date=15 January 2025 |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250213073846/https://x.com/Music_Santhosh/status/1879242188871106604 |archive-date=13 February 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2025, the teaser was attached to prints of ''[[Vidaamuyarchi]]'' in theatres.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1888102482267787365 |user=CinemaWithAB |title=Massive response for #Retro Title Teaser in theatre. Attached Along with Vidaamuyarchi & all other films from now on...good promotion strategy from team |author=AmuthaBharathi |date=8 February 2025 |access-date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208093435/https://x.com/CinemaWithAB/status/1888102482267787365 |archive-date=8 February 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> After its positive response, the teaser for the Telugu and Hindi-dubbed versions were released on the YouTube channels of T-Series on 7 February 2025.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=8 February 2025 |title='ரெட்ரோ' படத்தின் புது அப்டேட் |url=https://www.nakkheeran.in/cinema/cinema-news/retro-hindi-telugu-title-teaser-released |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213063138/https://www.nakkheeran.in/cinema/cinema-news/retro-hindi-telugu-title-teaser-released |archive-date=13 February 2025 |access-date=8 February 2025 |website=[[Nakkheeran]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mounika |date=8 February 2025 |title=Retro: రొమాన్స్ & యాక్షన్‌తో రెట్రో తెలుగు టీజర్ రిలీజ్ |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/cinema-news/retro-telugu-teaser-released-with-romance-action-753180.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213063409/https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/cinema-news/retro-telugu-teaser-released-with-romance-action-753180.html |archive-date=13 February 2025 |access-date=8 February 2025 |website=[[NTV Telugu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=8 February 2025 |title=Suriya's 'Retro' teaser promises a stylish action drama |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/suriyas-retro-teaser-promises-a-stylish-action-drama-943561 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250209090730/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/suriyas-retro-teaser-promises-a-stylish-action-drama-943561 |archive-date=9 February 2025 |access-date=9 February 2025 |website=[[The Hans India]]}}</ref>

In March 2025, when the song "[[Kanimaa]]" was unveiled, the hook step, choreographed by [[Sherif (choreographer)|Sherif Master]] and performed by Suriya and Hegde in the music video, quickly went viral, adding to the song's popularity and becoming a social media sensation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Khalilullah |date=24 March 2025 |title=இன்ஸ்டா ரீல்ஸ்களை தெறிக்கவிட்டு.. 'வைப்' மெட்டிரியலாக மாறிய 'ரெட்ரோ' படத்தின் கனிமா பாடல்! |url=https://tamil.news18.com/entertainment/cinema-retro-movie-kanima-song-goes-viral-on-instagram-nw-kls-ws-b-1763939.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250324074556/https://tamil.news18.com/entertainment/cinema-retro-movie-kanima-song-goes-viral-on-instagram-nw-kls-ws-b-1763939.html |archive-date=24 March 2025 |access-date=24 March 2025 |website=[[News18]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Das |first=Srijony |date=29 March 2025 |title=Watch: Karthi recreates his brother Suriya's dance number Kanimaa from Retro; don't miss his swag moves |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/watch-karthi-recreates-his-brother-suriyas-dance-number-kanimaa-from-retro-dont-miss-his-swag-moves-1379729 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406020339/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/watch-karthi-recreates-his-brother-suriyas-dance-number-kanimaa-from-retro-dont-miss-his-swag-moves-1379729 |archive-date=6 April 2025 |access-date=6 April 2025 |work=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref> Many people have recreated the hook step (signature step) by recording their own dance performances to the song and sharing these videos across social media platforms.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sundar |first=Anusha |date=2 April 2025 |title=Retro: Suriya wraps up dubbing for Karthik Subbaraj film; Makers celebrate with Studio Ghibli art trend |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/retro-suriya-wraps-up-dubbing-for-karthik-subbaraj-film-makers-celebrate-with-studio-ghibli-art-trend/0e17fda324532 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406093744/https://www.ottplay.com/news/retro-suriya-wraps-up-dubbing-for-karthik-subbaraj-film-makers-celebrate-with-studio-ghibli-art-trend/0e17fda324532 |archive-date=6 April 2025 |access-date=2 April 2025 |work=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 March 2025 |title=கனிமா! ரசிகர்களை உருக வைத்த பூஜா ஹெக்டே! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Mar/22/pooja-hegde-viral-song |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322111756/https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Mar/22/pooja-hegde-viral-song |archive-date=22 March 2025 |access-date=22 March 2025 |work=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref> The film team shot another version of the song with both Suriya and Hegde displaying joyful expressions and released it exclusively as a rehearsal video on 5 April.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Das |first=Srijony |date=5 April 2025 |title=Kanimaa BTS: Suriya and Pooja Hegde dance like no one's watching as they rehearse for groovy track from Retro |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/kanimaa-bts-suriya-and-pooja-hegde-dance-like-no-ones-watching-as-they-rehearse-for-groovy-track-from-retro-1380906 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250405115826/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/kanimaa-bts-suriya-and-pooja-hegde-dance-like-no-ones-watching-as-they-rehearse-for-groovy-track-from-retro-1380906 |archive-date=5 April 2025 |access-date=5 April 2025 |work=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Devadiga |first=Yashaswi |date=5 April 2025 |title=Surya: ಪೂಜಾ ಹೆೆಗ್ಡೆ ಜೊತೆ ಸೂರ್ಯ ಸಖತ್ ಡ್ಯಾನ್ಸ್, 'ರೆಟ್ರೋ' ಸಿನಿಮಾದ ಸಾಂಗ್ ರಿಹರ್ಸಲ್ ವಿಡಿಯೋ ಔಟ್! |url=https://kannada.news18.com/news/entertainment/retro-movie-surya-kannimma-song-rehearsal-video-release-yda-ws-d-2043672.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250405171652/https://kannada.news18.com/news/entertainment/retro-movie-surya-kannimma-song-rehearsal-video-release-yda-ws-d-2043672.html |archive-date=5 April 2025 |access-date=5 April 2025 |work=[[News18]] |language=kn}}</ref> Later, the makers confirmed that the video was not part of the film and was shot and released solely for fans.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Devadiga |first=Yashaswi |date=8 April 2025 |title=9-வது எபிசோட் : காமிக்ஸ் வடிவில் வெளியான "ரெட்ரோ" படத்தின் படப்பிடிப்பு காட்சி |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/cinemanews/episode-9-shooting-scene-of-the-film-retro-released-in-comic-form-1151755 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410050106/https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/cinemanews/episode-9-shooting-scene-of-the-film-retro-released-in-comic-form-1151755 |archive-date=10 April 2025 |access-date=10 April 2025 |work=[[Dina Thanthi]] |language=ta}}</ref> The full song was played during the interval of ''[[Sachein]]'' re-release in theatres in April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=குமார் |first=வினோத் |date=17 April 2025 |title=சச்சின் ரீரிலீஸ்..ரெட்ரோ டீம் போட்ட சூப்பர் பிளான்..ரசிகர்களுக்கு டபுள் கொண்டாட்டம் |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/retro-kanima-song-to-be-played-during-sachin-movie-intervel/articleshow/120382804.cms |access-date=17 April 2025 |website=Samayam Tamil |language=ta}}</ref>

[[Tuney John]] handled the publicity design for ''Retro'' and the poster campaign was well received.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2025 |title=From Suriya With Love, A Retro Gift For Fans On New Year |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/suriya-039s-new-year-wish-for-fans-came-wrapped-in-poster-of-next-film-retro-7381999 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103052214/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/suriya-039s-new-year-wish-for-fans-came-wrapped-in-poster-of-next-film-retro-7381999 |archive-date=3 January 2025 |access-date=13 February 2025 |website=[[NDTV]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anand |first=Akriti |date=15 January 2025 |title=Suriya Shares New Poster Of His Upcoming Film Retro Ahead Of Release, Fans React; See Here |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/suriya-shares-new-poster-of-his-upcoming-film-retro-ahead-of-release-fans-react-see-here-9188650.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117035630/https://www.news18.com/movies/suriya-shares-new-poster-of-his-upcoming-film-retro-ahead-of-release-fans-react-see-here-9188650.html |archive-date=17 January 2025 |access-date=13 February 2025 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref> Outdoor promotions for the film began in early January 2025, four months prior to the theatrical release.<ref name=":4" /> From February 2025, the makers began publishing a behind-the-scenes [[comic strip]] [[Panel (comics)|panel]] leading up to the film's release.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Natarajan |first=Malavica |date=9 February 2025 |title=Retro BTS Comic: திரும்பி பாத்து ஒரு ஃபயர் லுக் விட சொன்ன கார்த்திக் சுப்புராஜ்.. சூர்யா ரியாக்ஷன் என்ன தெரியுமா? |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/the-film-team-has-impressed-the-fans-by-publishing-the-bts-scenes-of-suriyas-retro-film-in-comic-form-131739176157057.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213074527/https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/the-film-team-has-impressed-the-fans-by-publishing-the-bts-scenes-of-suriyas-retro-film-in-comic-form-131739176157057.html |archive-date=13 February 2025 |access-date=12 February 2025 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2025 |title=காமிக் ஸ்டைலில் வெளியாகும் Retro படத்தின் BTS காட்சிகள் |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/retro-bts-scenes-in-the-comic-style-film-759711 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211151254/https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/retro-bts-scenes-in-the-comic-style-film-759711 |archive-date=11 February 2025 |access-date=9 February 2025 |website=[[Maalai Malar]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2025 |title=Karthik Subbaraj and his 'Retro' team launch BTS comics to promote Suriya film |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2025/02/10/karthik-subbaraj-and-his-retro-team-launch-bts-comics-to-promote-suriya-film.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213074934/https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2025/02/10/karthik-subbaraj-and-his-retro-team-launch-bts-comics-to-promote-suriya-film.html |archive-date=13 February 2025 |access-date=13 February 2025 |website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |language=en}}</ref> Exclusive stills from the film were released by ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' on 9 April.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ganesh |first=Jeeva |date=9 April 2025 |title=Retro Exclusive Stills:''இனி காதல் பரிசுத்தக் காதல்!'' - 'ரெட்ரோ' எக்ஸ்க்ளூசிவ் |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/trending/suriyas-retro-movie-ananda-vikatan-exclusive-stills |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410050321/https://cinema.vikatan.com/trending/suriyas-retro-movie-ananda-vikatan-exclusive-stills |archive-date=10 April 2025 |access-date=10 April 2025 |work=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> As a part of the film's promotion, the marketing team designed the film's posters at the [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railways]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lakshmi |first=Vijaya |date=15 April 2025 |title=வரும் 18 டிரெய்லர்.. மே 1 பட ரிலீஸ்.. ரெட்ரோ படத்தின் முக்கிய அப்டேட் இதோ |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/suriya-44th-film-retro-worldwide-release-on-may-1-trailer-release-on-april-18-575848 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250415134511/https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/suriya-44th-film-retro-worldwide-release-on-may-1-trailer-release-on-april-18-575848 |archive-date=15 April 2025 |access-date=15 April 2025 |work=[[Zee News]] |language=ta}}</ref> Later, Fully Filmy launched the official [[merchandise]] of ''Retro'' in April 2025.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1910233921758847199 |user=fullyfilmy_offl |title=Okay, the wait is over! Launching the all new #RetroOfficialMerchandise — only on fullyfilmy.in |author=Fully Filmy |date=10 April 2025 |access-date=15 April 2025 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/pGI8F |archive-date=15 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The film's official trailer was released on 18 April 2025 at the film's audio launch event, at [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium]] in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2025 |title=Retro Trailer OUT! Suriya and Pooja Hegde steal the show with their powerful chemistry in this much-awaited film |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/retro-trailer-out-suriya-and-pooja-hegde-steal-the-show-with-their-powerful-chemistry-in-this-much-awaited-film-13881250.html |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=[[Firstpost]] |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419113722/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/retro-trailer-out-suriya-and-pooja-hegde-steal-the-show-with-their-powerful-chemistry-in-this-much-awaited-film-13881250.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2025 |title=Trailer of Suriya's 'Retro' promises a gripping film full of baddies, battles and a beautiful romance! |url=https://www.sakshipost.com/news/trailer-suriyas-retro-promises-gripping-film-full-baddies-battles-and-beautiful-romance-399185 |access-date=18 April 2025 |website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi Post]] |language=en |archive-date=18 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250618073859/https://www.sakshipost.com/news/trailer-suriyas-retro-promises-gripping-film-full-baddies-battles-and-beautiful-romance-399185 |url-status=live }}</ref> The trailer cut was done by [[Alphonse Puthren]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2025 |title=பிரேமம் பட இயக்குநரின் கைவண்ணத்தில் ரெட்ரோ டிரைலர்! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Apr/18/retro-trailer-cut-by-director-alphonse-puthren |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418073245/https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Apr/18/retro-trailer-cut-by-director-alphonse-puthren |archive-date=18 April 2025 |access-date=18 April 2025 |website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=P |first=Divya |date=18 April 2025 |title=Suriya's Retro trailer gets an Alphonse Puthren touch, Karthik Subbaraj says 'so happy getting #Retrofied' |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-retro-trailer-cut-by-alphonse-puthren-karthik-subbaraj/b2814ccc55635 |access-date=18 April 2025 |website=OTTPlay |archive-date=18 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418090124/https://www.ottplay.com/news/suriya-retro-trailer-cut-by-alphonse-puthren-karthik-subbaraj/b2814ccc55635 |url-status=live }}</ref> Praising the trailer ''[[Filmfare]]'' wrote, "The trailer showcases an intriguing blend of action, attitude, and atmosphere. Puthren's editing lends a sharp, almost rhythmic pulse to the visuals, matching the energy of Suriya's fiery character."<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2025 |title=Suriya's Retro Trailer Showcases A Bold New Vision Of Karthik Subbaraj |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/suriyas-retro-trailer-showcases-a-bold-new-vision-of-karthik-subbaraj-73105.html |access-date=19 April 2025 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419101140/https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/suriyas-retro-trailer-showcases-a-bold-new-vision-of-karthik-subbaraj-73105.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

To promote the film's Telugu version, a pre-release event was held on 26 April 2025 at JRC Convention, [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2025 |title=Suriya: 'రెట్రో' ప్రీరిలీజ్‌ వేడుక |url=https://www.eenadu.net/photos/playimages/retro-pre-release-event/12/15634 |access-date=27 April 2025 |website=[[Eenadu]] |language=te |archive-date=26 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426185311/https://www.eenadu.net/photos/playimages/retro-pre-release-event/12/15634 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2025 |title=నాని కోసం రాజమౌళి.. సూర్యకి సపోర్టుగా విజయ్ దేవరకొండ.. ఒక్కరోజు గ్యాప్‌లో ఒకే వేదికపై |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/ss-rajamouli-chief-guest-for-nani-hit-3-pre-release-event-and-vijay-devarakonda-for-suriya-retro-event/articleshow/120599519.cms |access-date=25 April 2025 |website=[[Samayam]] |language=te}}</ref> Sithara Entertainments hosted the event, which also saw the attendance of [[Vijay Deverakonda]] to promoting their film ''[[Kingdom (2025 film)|Kingdom]]'' (2025).<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2025 |title=Retro Pre Release Event: సూర్య సినిమాకు విజయ్ దేవరకొండ సాయం.. వారే తీసుకొస్తున్నారా..? |url=https://prime9news.com/entertainment-news/retro-pre-release-event-on-april-26th-and-the-chief-guest-is-vijay-devarakonda-119460.html |website=Prime9 |access-date=26 April 2025 |archive-date=18 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250618073321/https://prime9news.com/entertainment-news/retro-pre-release-event-on-april-26th-and-the-chief-guest-is-vijay-devarakonda-119460.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 27 April 2025, a pre-release event was held at [[Lulu International Shopping Mall, Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=ഡെസ്ക് |first=സമകാലിക മലയാളം |date=26 April 2025 |title=തിരുവനന്തപുരം ഇളക്കി മറിക്കാൻ സൂര്യയ്ക്കൊപ്പം പൂജ ഹെഗ്ഡെയും; റെട്രോ ടീം നാളെയെത്തും |url=https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/chalachithram-film/2025/Apr/26/retro-team-will-arrive-in-kerala-tomorrow |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=[[Samakalika Malayalam Vaarika]] |language=ml |archive-date=10 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250510173444/https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/chalachithram-film/2025/Apr/26/retro-team-will-arrive-in-kerala-tomorrow |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2025 |title=റെട്രോ പ്രീ ലോഞ്ച് കേരള ഇവെന്റിനായി സൂര്യയും ടീം റെട്രോയും നാളെ തിരുവനന്തപുരത്തേക്ക് |url=https://www.mediaoneonline.com/entertainment/movies/retro-pre-release-event-286822 |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=Manorama Online |language=ml}}</ref> Over 1 lakh people arrived at the venue, setting a new record for the highest attendance ever.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2025 |title=വരവേൽക്കാൻ ആയിരക്കണക്കിന് പ്രേക്ഷകർ: മലയാളികളുടെ സ്നേഹത്തിന് നന്ദി പറഞ്ഞ് നടൻ സൂര്യ |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/thiruvananthapuram/2025/04/28/surya-retro-thiruvananthapuram-movie-launch.html |access-date=28 April 2025 |website=Manorama Online |language=ml |archive-date=18 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250618073321/https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/thiruvananthapuram/2025/04/28/surya-retro-thiruvananthapuram-movie-launch.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
''Retro'' was theatrically released on 1 May 2025 in standard and [[Qube Cinema Technologies#EPIQ|EPIQ]] formats, coinciding with [[International Workers' Day]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajpal |first=Roktim |date=8 January 2025 |title=Retro release date: Suriya, Pooja Hegde's film to hit the screens on this day with a special Ajith Kumar connect |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/retro-release-date-suriya-pooja-hegdes-film-to-hit-the-screens-on-this-day-with-a-special-ajith-kumar-connect-650068.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118053221/https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/retro-release-date-suriya-pooja-hegdes-film-to-hit-the-screens-on-this-day-with-a-special-ajith-kumar-connect-650068.html |archive-date=18 January 2025 |access-date=17 January 2025 |website=[[Indiatimes]] |publisher=[[Times Internet]] |agency=[[The Times Group]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=8 January 2025 |title=Suriya-Karthik Subbaraj's Retro gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jan/08/suriya-karthik-subbarajs-retro-gets-a-release-date |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250108145537/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jan/08/suriya-karthik-subbarajs-retro-gets-a-release-date |archive-date=8 January 2025 |access-date=8 January 2025 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1916128488849129571 |user=epiqcinema |title=🎬✨ Retro — A new era begins on the grand EPIQ screen! Feel the magic, feel the Retro. 🍿🎞️ #Retro #RetroOnEpiq #EpiqExperience #EPIQ #premiumlargerformat #plf #Retro |author=EPIQ |author-link=Qube Cinema Technologies#EPIQ |date=26 April 2025 |access-date=16 May 2025}}</ref> Apart from the original Tamil language, it was also released in the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Hindi]] languages.<ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Jayabhuvaneshwari |date=25 December 2024 |title=Karthik Subbaraj's Suriya 44 is now Retro |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Dec/25/karthik-subbarajs-suriya-44-is-now-retro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20241225051233/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Dec/25/karthik-subbarajs-suriya-44-is-now-retro |archive-date=25 December 2024 |access-date=25 December 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Initially, the film was planned for release on the [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] weekend but was postponed to the summer (April–June) of 2025,<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 November 2024 |title='Thug Life' to 'Coolie': Upcoming Tamil biggies and their release plans in 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/thug-life-to-coolie-upcoming-tamil-biggies-and-their-release-plans-in-2025/photostory/115051888.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406101515/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/thug-life-to-coolie-upcoming-tamil-biggies-and-their-release-plans-in-2025/photostory/115051888.cms |archive-date=6 April 2025 |access-date=8 November 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> as Subbaraj needed more time for post-production process.<ref name=":3" /> The film's current release date was announced in January 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2025 |title='Retro': Suriya-Karthik Subbaraj film gets a release date |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/retro-suriya-karthik-subbaraj-film-gets-a-release-date/article69076455.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124041541/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/retro-suriya-karthik-subbaraj-film-gets-a-release-date/article69076455.ece |archive-date=24 January 2025 |access-date=13 February 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Acharya |first=T Maruthi |date=8 January 2025 |title=Suriya and Karthik Subbaraj's Retro to hit theatres in summer 2025 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-and-karthik-subbaraj-retro-to-hit-theatres-in-summer-2025-2661678-2025-01-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115160832/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/suriya-and-karthik-subbaraj-retro-to-hit-theatres-in-summer-2025-2661678-2025-01-08 |archive-date=15 January 2025 |access-date=13 February 2025 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, the film released on the same day, with a [[15 (British Board of Film Classification)|15]] rating by the [[British Board of Film Classification]] for strong bloody violence, language and threat.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cyril |first=Grace |date=29 April 2025 |title=Nani's HIT 3, Suriya's Retro Rated 'Strong' For Violence By British Board of Film Classification: Deets Inside |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/nanis-hit-3-suriyas-retro-rated-strong-for-violence-by-british-board-of-film-classification-deets-inside-ws-l-9317863.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430043745/https://www.news18.com/movies/nanis-hit-3-suriyas-retro-rated-strong-for-violence-by-british-board-of-film-classification-deets-inside-ws-l-9317863.html |archive-date=30 April 2025 |access-date=1 May 2025 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Srijony |date=29 April 2025 |title=Retro: British Board of Film Classification reviews Suriya starrer with rating and storyline |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/retro-british-board-of-film-classification-reviews-suriya-starrer-with-rating-and-storyline-1384978 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430021408/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/retro-british-board-of-film-classification-reviews-suriya-starrer-with-rating-and-storyline-1384978 |archive-date=30 April 2025 |access-date=1 May 2025 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref>

=== Distribution ===
Sakthi Film Factory acquired the distribution rights of the film in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=kumar |first=Rsiva |date=6 January 2025 |title=ரெட்ரோவுக்கு பின் கார்த்திக் சுப்புராஜின் புதிய படம் ரெடி: ஹீரோ இவரா? |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/cinema/karthik-subbaraj-next-project-with-nivin-pauly-and-harish-kalyan-after-suriya-s-retro-movie-rsk-spo7nm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250111032030/https://tamil.asianetnews.com/cinema/karthik-subbaraj-next-project-with-nivin-pauly-and-harish-kalyan-after-suriya-s-retro-movie-rsk-spo7nm |archive-date=11 January 2025 |access-date=10 January 2025 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ta}}</ref> [[S. Radha Krishna|Sithara Entertainments]] acquired the [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]] rights.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2025 |title=Sithara Entertainments to Release 'RETRO' in Telugu |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/sithara-entertainments-to-release-retro-in-telugu-949657 |access-date=28 February 2025 |work=[[The Hans India]] |language=en |archive-date=4 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404184928/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/sithara-entertainments-to-release-retro-in-telugu-949657 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Retro Telugu: Suriya's film is a disaster, makes shockingly low collections in its first weekend |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/retro-telugu-suriyas-film-is-a-disaster-makes-shockingly-low-collections/daad8aa965598 |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=www.ottplay.com |archive-date=17 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250617121828/https://www.ottplay.com/news/retro-telugu-suriyas-film-is-a-disaster-makes-shockingly-low-collections/daad8aa965598 |url-status=live }}</ref> Swagath Enterprises released the film in [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1918285592506581360 |user=SwagathOffl |title=Thattnen... Polandurchu!🔥 #Retro off to a flying start in Karnataka with a massive ₹3.07+ CR Gross Opening!💥 Blockbuster vibes from Day 1! |author=Swagath Enterprises® |date=2 May 2025 |access-date=2 May 2025}}</ref> [[Pen Studios]] acquired the theatrical rights for [[North India]] and [[West India]] under the [[Pen India Limited|Pen Marudhar Entertainment]] banner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2025 |title=Pen Studios and Pen Marudhar to distribute Suriya starrer Retro in North India |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/pen-studios-pen-marudhar-distribute-suriya-starrer-retro-north-india/ |access-date=22 April 2025 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-date=22 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422033302/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/pen-studios-pen-marudhar-distribute-suriya-starrer-retro-north-india/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaur |first=Loveleen |date=21 April 2025 |title=Suriya starrer Retro to be distributed by Dr Jayantilal Gada in North India; Deets inside |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/suriya-starrer-retro-to-be-distributed-by-dr-jayantilal-gada-in-north-india-deets-inside-1383657 |access-date=22 April 2025 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |archive-date=22 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422033934/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/suriya-starrer-retro-to-be-distributed-by-dr-jayantilal-gada-in-north-india-deets-inside-1383657 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Merryland Studio|Vaika Merryland Release]] distributed the film in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Akhila |date=1 April 2025 |title=കാർത്തിക് സുബ്ബരാജ് - സൂര്യ ചിത്രം 'റെട്രോ': കേരളത്തിലെ വിതരണാവകാശം സ്വന്തമാക്കി മെറിലാൻഡ് റിലീസ് |url=https://www.mediaoneonline.com/entertainment/vaika-maryland-release-acquires-kerala-distribution-rights-for-karthik-subbarajs-retro-starring-suriya-284384 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406102347/https://www.mediaoneonline.com/entertainment/vaika-maryland-release-acquires-kerala-distribution-rights-for-karthik-subbarajs-retro-starring-suriya-284384 |archive-date=6 April 2025 |access-date=1 April 2025 |work=[[MediaOne TV]] |language=ml}}</ref>

AP International handled the acquisition for the overseas theatrical distribution rights.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1879159392106422443 |user=APIfilms |title=May the harvest festival of Pongal bring you happiness and prosperity. Team #Retro wishes you pure love and joy ☀️ #HappyPongal #RetroFromMay1 #LoveLaughterWar |author=AP International |date=14 January 2025 |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250213081155/https://x.com/APIfilms/status/1879159392106422443 |archive-date=13 February 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Home Screen Entertainment bought [[Singapore]] distribution rights of the film,<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1871797978161103307 |user=homescreenent |title=THE ONE you've been waiting for |author=Home Screen Entertainment |date=25 December 2024 |access-date=25 December 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250406104654/https://x.com/homescreenent/status/1871797978161103307 |archive-date=6 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> while Ahimsa Entertainment and Boleyn Cinema acquired the distribution rights for [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1914703710229238267 |user=ahimsafilms |title=Get #RETRO-FIED with the ONE and only Suriya — May 1 in UK & Europe by @cinema_boleyn x #AhimsaEntertainment |author=Ahimsa Entertainment |date=22 April 2025 |access-date=23 April 2025 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/aZbFe |archive-date=23 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Prime Media acquired the distribution rights for the North America and released in Tamil and Telugu languages.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1907071170408513698 |user=PrimeMediaUS |title=#Retro in USA from April 30 in Tamil & Telugu |author=PrimeMedia |date=1 April 2025 |access-date=1 April 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250406105707/https://x.com/PrimeMediaUS/status/1907071170408513698 |archive-date=6 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> DMY Creation distributed the film in [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1910175523575304299 |user=dmycreationoffl |title=Summer Just Got Real |author=DMY Creation (Official) |date=10 April 2025 |access-date=10 April 2025 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/BKyHU |archive-date=10 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Lokah Entertainments distributed the film in [[Germany]],<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1914557599128682791 |user=FilmsLokah |title=Bookings now open in Germany! Don't miss the retro ride! |author=Lokah Entertainments |date=22 April 2025 |access-date=23 April 2025 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/dWmmG |archive-date=23 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> while Spacebox distributed the film across [[Japan]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1914678659396313252 |user=spaceboxmovie |title=Retro Japan screenings will start from 03 May 2025. |author=SPACEBOX |date=22 April 2025 |access-date=23 April 2025 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/yjDu2 |archive-date=23 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> and Night ED Films distributed in [[France]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1915492202018398689 |user=NiGHTEDFiLMS |title=RETRO - La bande-annonce en VOSTFR |author=Night ED Films |date=25 April 2025 |access-date=26 April 2025 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/2VK3a |archive-date=26 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Pre-bookings ===
Over 3200 tickets were sold in UK on the first day of pre-bookings with a collection of {{GBPConvert|25|k}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Syed |first=Shanaz |date=26 April 2025 |title=Retro UK Box Office Advances: Suriya's action film sells over 3200 Tickets in just 24 Hours |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/retro-uk-box-office-advances-suriyas-action-film-sells-over-3200-tickets-in-just-24-hours-1384571 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427035952/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/retro-uk-box-office-advances-suriyas-action-film-sells-over-3200-tickets-in-just-24-hours-1384571 |archive-date=27 April 2025 |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=தாரா |first=ராகேஷ் |date=25 April 2025 |title=Retro Prebooking : சூர்யாவின் ரெட்ரோ முன்பதிவுகள் தொடக்கம்...ஒரே நாளில் இத்தனை ஆயிரம் டிக்கெட் விற்பனையா |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/suriya-retro-pre-booking-us-3200-plus-tickets-sold-in-24-hours-222130 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426022840/https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/suriya-retro-pre-booking-us-3200-plus-tickets-sold-in-24-hours-222130 |archive-date=26 April 2025 |access-date=26 April 2025 |work=[[ABP Nadu]] |language=ta}}</ref> Approximately 2 lakh tickets (excluding fan shows) were sold within 24 hours of the start of advance booking in Tamil Nadu alone.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sawlani |first=Kush |date=28 April 2025 |title=Retro Advance Booking Tamil Nadu Box Office: Suriya starrer aims for strong start, grosses Rs 5.80 crore for extended weekend |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/retro-advance-booking-tamil-nadu-box-office-suriya-starrer-aims-for-strong-start-grosses-rs-5-80-crore-for-extended-weekend-1384789 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429043417/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/retro-advance-booking-tamil-nadu-box-office-suriya-starrer-aims-for-strong-start-grosses-rs-5-80-crore-for-extended-weekend-1384789 |archive-date=29 April 2025 |access-date=28 April 2025 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref> The sale rate was the highest ever for a Tamil film in the year, beating the record held by ''[[Good Bad Ugly]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AN |first=Tirumala |date=28 April 2025 |title=సూర్య 'రెట్రో' మూవీ ప్రీ బుకింగ్ రికార్డ్: గుడ్ బ్యాడ్ అగ్లీని దాటేసింది! |url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/gallery/entertainment/retro-movie-pre-booking-collection-breaks-good-bad-ugly-record-in-telugu-dtr-svf705 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=Telugu |access-date=28 April 2025 |archive-date=25 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625112138/https://telugu.asianetnews.com/gallery/entertainment/retro-movie-pre-booking-collection-breaks-good-bad-ugly-record-in-telugu-dtr-svf705 |url-status=live }}</ref> Booking sites of multiplex players crashed down due to high traffic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=A |first=Ganesh |date=April 28, 2025 |title=முன்பதிவிலேயே குட் பேட் அக்லி சாதனையை சல்லி சல்லியாய் நொறுக்கிய ரெட்ரோ! |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/suriya-starrer-retro-movie-pre-booking-collection-record-gan-svf2n5 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=Tamil |access-date=28 April 2025 |archive-date=25 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625112138/https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/suriya-starrer-retro-movie-pre-booking-collection-record-gan-svf2n5 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The film's digital streaming rights were acquired by [[Netflix]] for {{INRConvert|80|C}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2024 |title=ചിത്രീകരിച്ചുകൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്ന ആ സൂര്യ ചിത്രത്തിന് കോടികള്‍, വൻ ഡീല്‍ |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/suriya-44-karthik-subbaraj-film-update-out-hrk-sja6i7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904164632/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/suriya-44-karthik-subbaraj-film-update-out-hrk-sja6i7 |archive-date=4 September 2024 |access-date=4 September 2024 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Raina |first=Aarushi |date=13 April 2025 |title=Retro OTT: Suriya And Pooja Hegde's Tamil Movie To Stream On THIS Platform Post Theatrical Run; Know Cast, Plot And More |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/retro-ott-suriya-and-pooja-hegde-tamil-movie-to-stream-on-this-platform-post-theatrical-run-know-cast-plot-and-more-10230165 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250413143954/https://english.jagran.com/entertainment/retro-ott-suriya-and-pooja-hegde-tamil-movie-to-stream-on-this-platform-post-theatrical-run-know-cast-plot-and-more-10230165 |archive-date=13 April 2025 |access-date=13 April 2025 |work=[[Dainik Jagran]] |language=en}}</ref> The film began streaming on Netflix from 30 May 2025 in Tamil and dubbed versions of Hindi, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam languages.<ref name="OTT releases this week: New movies, web series to watch; HIT 3, Retro, Criminal Justice Season 4 and more">{{Cite news |date=29 May 2025 |title=OTT releases this week: New movies, web series to watch; HIT 3, Retro, Criminal Justice Season 4 and more |url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/ott-releases-this-week-new-movies-web-series-to-watch-hit-3-retro-criminal-justice-season-4-and-more-11748480207047.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530043005/https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/ott-releases-this-week-new-movies-web-series-to-watch-hit-3-retro-criminal-justice-season-4-and-more-11748480207047.html |archive-date=30 May 2025 |access-date=30 May 2025 |publisher=Mint}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-05-10 |title=Suriya's Retro gets OTT release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2025/May/26/suriyas-retro-gets-ott-release-date |access-date=2025-05-26 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=18 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250618073859/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2025/May/26/suriyas-retro-gets-ott-release-date |url-status=live }}</ref>. The satellite rights were sold to [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]].

In June 2025, Karthik announced plans to expand ''Retro'' into a 4–5 episode limited series for a streaming service, with new scenes and deeper content.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2025 |title=Karthik Subbaraj wants to recut 'Retro', Will Suriya's starrer get an extended version on OTT? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/karthik-subbaraj-wants-to-recut-retro-will-suriyas-starrer-get-an-extended-version-on-ott/articleshow/121924640.cms |access-date=29 August 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |archive-date=19 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250819022724/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/karthik-subbaraj-wants-to-recut-retro-will-suriyas-starrer-get-an-extended-version-on-ott/articleshow/121924640.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Box office ===
In India, ''Retro'' was released alongside ''[[HIT: The Third Case]]'', [[Raid 2 (film)|''Raid 2'']] and ''[[Tourist Family]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dixit |first=Mohit |date=30 April 2025 |title=Retro Advance Booking Tamil Nadu: Suriya's romantic action film eyes EXCELLENT start, clocks Rs 5.85 crore of pre-sales with 1 day in hand |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/retro-advance-booking-tamil-nadu-suriyas-romantic-action-film-eyes-excellent-start-clocks-rs-5-85-crore-of-pre-sales-with-1-day-in-hand-1385103?amp |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 May 2025 |title='Retro': Will Suriya make a strong box office comeback through Karthik Subbaraj's directorial? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/retro-review-will-suriya-make-a-strong-box-office-comeback-through-karthik-subbarajs-directorial/articleshow/120761662.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250505205329/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/retro-review-will-suriya-make-a-strong-box-office-comeback-through-karthik-subbarajs-directorial/articleshow/120761662.cms |archive-date=5 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> ''Retro'' grossed {{INRConvert|46|c}} worldwide on its opening day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2025 |title=ரெட்ரோ வெற்றி..சூர்யாவிற்கு விநியோகஸ்தர் கொடுத்த விலையுயர்ந்த பரிசு |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/distributor-costly-gift-to-actor-suriya-for-retro-movie-success/articleshow/121046162.cms |access-date=10 May 2025 |website=[[Samayam]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> The film grossed {{INRConvert|17|c}} in Tamil Nadu, becoming the highest first-day gross for Suriya at the state, surpassing his previous film ''[[Kanguva]]'' (2024).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2025 |title=കലക്‌ഷനിൽ അടിപതറാതെ 'റെട്രോ'; കേരളത്തിൽ നിന്നും 2.5 കോടി; കലക്‌ഷൻ റിപ്പോർട്ട് |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2025/05/02/retro-box-office-collection-day-worldwide-budget-kerala-collection.html |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=[[Manorama Online]] |language=Ml |archive-date=13 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613065438/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2025/05/02/retro-box-office-collection-day-worldwide-budget-kerala-collection.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film had also the biggest opening for a Tamil film in 2025 in other states, surpassing ''[[Good Bad Ugly]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ലേഖകൻ |first=അന്വേഷണം |date=2 May 2025 |title=Retro Movie: ആദ്യദിനം തന്നെ മികച്ച കളക്ഷന്‍ നേടി റെട്രോ, കേരളത്തില്‍ നിന്നും 2.5 കോടി |url=https://anweshanam.com/983747/retro-movie-retro-earns-rs-2-5-crore-from-kerala-on-its-first-day/ |website=Anweshanam |language=Ml |access-date=2 May 2025 |archive-date=2 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502124306/https://anweshanam.com/983747/retro-movie-retro-earns-rs-2-5-crore-from-kerala-on-its-first-day/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2025 |title=കേരളത്തില്‍ ക്ലിക്കായോ റെട്രോ?, ഓപ്പണിംഗ് കളക്ഷൻ കണക്കുകള്‍ പുറത്ത് |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/suriya-starrer-retro-kerala-collection-report-out-svmndy |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=Malayalam |archive-date=2 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502103136/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/suriya-starrer-retro-kerala-collection-report-out-svmndy |url-status=live }}</ref>

''Retro'' debuted in third place at the worldwide box office in its opening weekend.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick |first=Ian Jeremiah |date=9 May 2025 |title=Malay Mail's Top 10 Picks: Marvel's 'Thunderbolts*' arrives in local cinemas, but 'Blood Brothers: Bara Naga' continues its dominance at No. 1 |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/showbiz/2025/05/09/malay-mails-top-10-picks-marvels-thunderbolts-arrives-in-local-cinemas-but-blood-brothers-bara-naga-continues-its-dominance-at-no-1/176131 |access-date=9 May 2025 |website=[[Malay Mail]] |archive-date=9 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509072329/https://www.malaymail.com/news/showbiz/2025/05/09/malay-mails-top-10-picks-marvels-thunderbolts-arrives-in-local-cinemas-but-blood-brothers-bara-naga-continues-its-dominance-at-no-1/176131 |url-status=live }}</ref> It grossed over {{INRConvert|78|c}} worldwide in its four days opening weekend, surpassing ''[[Madha Gaja Raja]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=வினோத்குமார் |first=S |date=5 May 2025 |title=நான்கு நாட்களில் ரெட்ரோ திரைப்படம் செய்துள்ள வசூல் எவ்வளவு தெரியுமா ? |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/suriya-starrer-retro-movie-fourth-day-collection-worldwide/articleshow/120884405.cms |access-date=5 May 2025 |website=[[Samayam]] |language=ta}}</ref> In its first week, ''Retro'' grossed over {{INRConvert|100|c}} worldwide, becoming Suriya's fourth film to do so.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2025 |title='ரெட்ரோ' படத்தின் லாபத்தை அகரம் அறக்கட்டளைக்கு கொடுத்த சூர்யா |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/cinemanews/suriya-donates-profits-from-retro-to-agaram-foundation-1156582 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509165321/https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/cinemanews/suriya-donates-profits-from-retro-to-agaram-foundation-1156582 |archive-date=9 May 2025 |access-date=10 May 2025 |website=[[Dina Thanthi]] |language=Ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=வினோத்குமார் |first=S |date=13 May 2025 |title=சிங்கம் 2 முதல் ரெட்ரோ வரை..அதிக வசூல் செய்த சூர்யாவின் டாப் ஐந்து திரைப்படங்கள் |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/top-five-grossing-movies-of-retro-star-suriya/articleshow/121124920.cms |access-date=13 May 2025 |website=[[Samayam]]}}</ref> The same day, the film entered into [[Profit (economics)|profit zone]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=A |first=Ganesh |date=8 May 2025 |title=ரெட்ரோ மூலம் கிடைத்த லாபம்; அகரம் பவுண்டேஷனுக்கு ரூ.10 கோடி நன்கொடையாக வாரி வழங்கிய சூர்யா! |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/suriya-donate-rupees-10-crore-to-agaram-foundation-from-retro-movie-profit-gan-svxaz7 |access-date=8 May 2025 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=Tamil |archive-date=17 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250617091012/https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/suriya-donate-rupees-10-crore-to-agaram-foundation-from-retro-movie-profit-gan-svxaz7 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film's commercial success led the team to donate {{INRConvert|10|c}} from the profit to the educational NGO [[Agaram Foundation]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mullappilly |first=Sreejith |date=8 May 2025 |title=Suriya donates 10 crore from Retro profits to Agaram Foundation |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/May/08/suriya-donates-10-crore-from-retro-profits-to-agaram-foundation |access-date=8 May 2025 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

The film collected {{INRConvert|150|c}} in its second week<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 May 2025 |title=15 ദിവസം കൊണ്ട് 150 കോടി കടന്ന് റെട്രോ |trans-title=Retro crosses Rs 150 crore mark in 15 days |publisher=[[Mathrubhumi]] |location=India |language=ml}}</ref> and grossed over {{INRConvert|200|c}} by third week.<ref>{{Cite web |last=छाबड़ा |first=दीक्षा |date=20 May 2025 |title=Retro Vs Kanguva BO Collection: सूर्या की 'रेट्रो' या 'कंगुवा' किसने मारी बॉक्स ऑफिस पर बाजी? ऐसा रहा बॉक्स ऑफिस पर हाल |url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/south-cinema/retro-vs-kanguva-box-office-collection-which-movie-of-suriya-did-good-on-box-office-2947060 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524085117/https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/south-cinema/retro-vs-kanguva-box-office-collection-which-movie-of-suriya-did-good-on-box-office-2947060 |archive-date=2025-05-24 |access-date=20 May 2025 |website=[[ABP Live]] |language=hi}}</ref>

The film concluded its theatrical run with worldwide gross estimated to be between {{INR}}110–250 crore.{{efn|name="bo"}} It became Suriya's highest-grossing film in his career.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Sunanda |date=30 May 2025 |title=Retro OTT Release Date Locked: When & Where To Watch Suriya's Latest Film Online |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/retro-ott-release-date-locked-when-where-to-watch-suriyas-latest-film-online |access-date=30 May 2025 |website=[[Free Press Journal]] |quote=The film became one of the highest-grossing Tamil films of 2025 and Suriya's highest-grossing film in his career |archive-date=29 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529053025/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/retro-ott-release-date-locked-when-where-to-watch-suriyas-latest-film-online |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Critical response ===
''Retro'' received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised Suriya and Pooja Hegde's performance, Subbaraj's direction and storytelling, music, action sequences and visuals, but some noted issues with the pacing.<ref name="reviews">{{Cite news |date=2 May 2025 |title='Retro' box office collection day 1 : Suriya starrer roars with strong opening, eyes Rs 20 crore |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/retro-box-office-collection-day-1-live-suriya-starrer-roars-with-strong-opening-eyes-rs-20-crore/articleshow/120791170.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501230308/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/retro-box-office-collection-day-1-live-suriya-starrer-roars-with-strong-opening-eyes-rs-20-crore/articleshow/120791170.cms |archive-date=1 May 2025 |access-date=2 May 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name="review">{{Cite web |date=1 May 2025 |title=Retro X Review: Netizens Hail Suriya's Performance In Karthik Subbaraj Film, Scream 'The ONE Is Back' |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/retro-x-review-netizens-hail-suriyas-performance-in-karthik-subbaraj-film-scream-the-one-is-back-article-151541498 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501101800/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/retro-x-review-netizens-hail-suriyas-performance-in-karthik-subbaraj-film-scream-the-one-is-back-article-151541498 |archive-date=1 May 2025 |access-date=1 May 2025 |website=[[Times Now]]}}</ref><ref name="feedback">{{Cite web |date=1 May 2025 |title=5 Best Tamil Movies By Director Karthik Subbaraj On OTT Before Watching Retro In Theatres |url=https://news24online.com/entertainment/5-best-tamil-movies-by-director-karthik-subbaraj-on-ott-before-watching-retro-in-theatres/548603/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501130320/https://news24online.com/entertainment/5-best-tamil-movies-by-director-karthik-subbaraj-on-ott-before-watching-retro-in-theatres/548603/ |archive-date=1 May 2025 |access-date=1 May 2025 |website=[[News 24 (Indian TV channel)|News 24]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=May 5, 2025 |title=Netizens call Surya-starrer 'Retro' his 'biggest comeback' film |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/netizens-call-surya-starrer-retro-his-biggest-comeback-film/cid/2097036 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613165006/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/netizens-call-surya-starrer-retro-his-biggest-comeback-film/cid/2097036 |archive-date=13 June 2025 |access-date=5 May 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 May 2025 |title=Pooja Hegde drops unseen glimpses of her role as Rukmani in Retro with a heartfelt note: "I leave behind a piece of my heart with her" |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/pooja-hegde-drops-unseen-glimpses-role-rukmani-retro-heartfelt-note-leave-behind-piece-heart/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501135932/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/pooja-hegde-drops-unseen-glimpses-role-rukmani-retro-heartfelt-note-leave-behind-piece-heart/ |archive-date=1 May 2025 |access-date=1 May 2025 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>

Krishna Selvaseelan of ''[[Tamil Guardian]]'' gave 4/5 stars and wrote "Subbaraj offers the audience old wine in an almost unrecognisably new bottle."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Selvaseelan |first=Krishna |date=2 May 2025 |title=Retro – A mad experiment |url=https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/retro-mad-experiment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250503090618/https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/retro-mad-experiment |archive-date=3 May 2025 |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=[[Tamil Guardian]]}}</ref> M. Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3/5 and wrote "Karthik Subbaraj's filmmaking flair, Suriya's swag and Santhosh Narayanan’s foot-tapping songs make us overlook the indulgences of the second half and the misstep of the final 15 minutes."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=1 May 2025 |title=Retro Movie Review: The curse of the second half doesn't spare 'The One' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/retro/amp_movie_review/120787416.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501090933/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/retro/amp_movie_review/120787416.cms |archive-date=1 May 2025 |access-date=1 May 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Latha Srinivasan of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Director Karthik Subbaraj has been someone who makes films that are a blend of genres, stylish and use music as a narrative tool. His latest film, ''Retro'', starring Suriya, follows this same pattern and presents the Kollywood star in an action avatar with a streak of romanticism and sentiments."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=1 May 2025 |title=Retro movie review: Suriya shines like the sun again but Karthik Subbaraj's film is an uneven ride |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/retro-movie-review-suriya-shines-like-the-sun-again-but-karthik-subbarajs-film-is-an-uneven-ride-101746085028990.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250718175551/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/retro-movie-review-suriya-shines-like-the-sun-again-but-karthik-subbarajs-film-is-an-uneven-ride-101746085028990.html |archive-date=18 July 2025 |access-date=1 May 2025 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Pugazh Murugan of ''[[News Today]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Suriya smiles and the people smile with him. ''Retro'' is a unique mix of action, art, and soul."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murugan |first=Pugazh |date=1 May 2025 |title=Retro – Review |url=https://newstodaynet.com/2025/05/01/retro-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501123653/https://newstodaynet.com/2025/05/01/retro-review/ |archive-date=1 May 2025 |access-date=1 May 2025 |website=[[News Today]]}}</ref> Avinash Ramachandran of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Suriya and Pooja Hegde are compelling in Karthik Subbaraj's entertaining star vehicle that is made to serve a higher purpose, even if it goes around in circles."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Avinash |date=1 May 2025 |title=Retro movie review: Suriya powers an entertaining, layered, but slightly shaky Karthik Subbaraj film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/retro-movie-review-suriya-powers-an-entertaining-layered-but-slightly-shaky-film-9976861/ |access-date=1 May 2025 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

Sushmitha Dey of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave 3/5 and wrote "''Retro'' is a wild ride through love, loss, and lead bullets. If you’re in the mood for an emotional gangster drama with slick visuals, a killer soundtrack, and Suriya in top form, ''Retro'' is worth the ticket. It’s not just a movie, it’s a mood."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dey |first=Sushmitha |date=1 May 2025 |title=Retro Movie Review: Suriya Is Back, All Thanks To Karthik Subbaraj's Actioner |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/retro-movie-review-suriya-is-back-all-thanks-to-karthik-subbarajs-actioner-review-151540149 |access-date=1 May 2025 |website=[[Times Now]]}}</ref> Anusha Sundar of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Karthik Subbaraj makes an indulgent film where style, action and sentiment matter, but then the familiarity strikes."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundar |first=Anusha |date=1 May 2025 |title=Retro review: Suriya thrives in Karthik Subbaraj's interestingly indulgent film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/retro-movie-review-suriya-thrives-in-karthik-subbarajs-interestingly-indulgent-but-familiar-tale-of-love-and-violence/eccaf04063443 |access-date=1 May 2025 |website=[[OTTPlay]]}}</ref> Sajin Shrijith of ''[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "Suriya brings the necessary pizzazz to Karthik Subbaraj's tonally mismatched film."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shrijith |first=Sajin |date=1 May 2025 |title='Retro' review: Suriya brings the necessary pizzazz to Karthik Subbaraj's tonally mismatched film |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2025/05/01/retro-review-suriya-brings-the-necessary-pizzazz-to-karthik-subbaraj-s-tonally-mismatched-film.html |access-date=1 May 2025 |website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]}}</ref>

''[[Sakshi Post]]'' gave 2.75/5 stars and wrote "It's a solid comeback for Suriya and a stylish, emotional ride that proves why he’s one of Tamil cinema’s top stars. ''Retro'' could be a game-changer for Suriya, reaffirming his star power and acting range."<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 May 2025 |title=Retro Movie Review and Rating: Suriya Shines |url=https://www.sakshipost.com/news/movie-reviews/retro-movie-review-and-rating-suriyas-stunning-comeback-karthik-subbarajs-visual |access-date=1 May 2025 |website=[[Sakshi Post]]}}</ref> Janani K of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "Suriya, Karthik's overstuffed film stumbles between eras and ideas."<ref>{{Cite web |last=K |first=Janani |date=1 May 2025 |title=Retro review: Suriya, Karthik's overstuffed film stumbles between eras and ideas |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/retro-review-suriya-karthik-subbaraj-2717962-2025-05-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501101834/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/retro-review-suriya-karthik-subbaraj-2717962-2025-05-01 |archive-date=1 May 2025 |access-date=1 May 2025 |website=India Today}}</ref> Rajasekar S of ''[[The Federal]]'' wrote "Suriya stuns while Pooja Hegde puts out her career-best". He further wrote that "Karthik Subbaraj subtly conveys multiple things in the mainstream format through his characters". Praising single-shot sequence including the song "[[Kanimaa]]", he called "it's a monumental achievement".<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Rajasekar |date=1 May 2025 |title=Retro review: Suriya stuns while Pooja Hegde puts out her career-best |url=https://thefederal.com/film-reviews/retro-review-surya-pooja-hegde-karthik-subbaraj-184578 |access-date=1 May 2025 |website=[[The Federal]]}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Karthik Subbaraj}}
{{2D Entertainment}}

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Prithviraj Harichandan

2026-04-20T08:46:22Z

Robertoson: Made new entry - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Prithviraj Harichandan
| image = Prithiviraj Harichandan 2024.jpg
| caption = Harichandan in 2024
| office = Minister of Law, Works, Excise, [[Government of Odisha]]
| term_start = 12 June 2024
| term_end =
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Mohan Charan Majhi]]
| office1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 4 June 2024
| term_end1 =
| constituency1 = [[Chilika Assembly constituency|Chilika]]
| predecessor1 = [[Kishore Chandra Naik]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1968|12|06}}
| birth_place = [[Chilika]], [[Odisha]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| parents = [[Biswabhusan Harichandan]] (Father)
| spouse =
| alma_mater =
| relations =
| children =
| profession = Politician, Consultant
}}

'''Prithviraj Harichandan''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] politician and Minister of Law, Works, Excise [[Government of Odisha]]. He is a member of the [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[Chilika Assembly constituency|Chilika]] assembly constituency of [[Khordha district]]. He is the son of [[Biswabhusan Harichandan]], who was served as the [[Governor of Chhattisgarh]].

== Early life and career ==
Prithviraj did his Master in Science from [[Utkal University]] in 1987–89.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-15 |title=My Neta Profile |url=https://myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=644 |access-date=2024-06-15 |work=India News |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

On 12 June 2024, he took oath along with Chief Minister [[Mohan Charan Majhi]] in Janata Maidan, Bhubaneswar. Governor [[Raghubar Das]] administered their oath. Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], Home Minister [[Amit Shah]], Defense Minister [[Rajnath Singh]], along with Chief Ministers of 10 BJP-ruled states were present at the time of oath.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Highlights: BJP Tribal Leader, 4-Time MLA Mohan Majhi Sworn In As Odisha Chief Minister |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/odisha-chief-minister-swearing-in-live-updates-mohan-majhi-set-to-be-sworn-in-as-bjps-first-chief-minister-in-odisha-5874031 |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Barik |first=Satyasundar |date=2024-06-12 |title=Mohan Charan Majhi sworn in as Odisha's first BJP Chief Minister |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/odisha/mohan-charan-majhi-sworn-in-as-odishas-first-bjp-chief-minister/article68281205.ece |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-13 |title=Odisha Cabinet portfolios: CM Mohan Charan Majhi keeps Home |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/odisha-cabinet-portfolios-cm-mohan-charan-majhi-keeps-home-ministry-kanak-vardhan-singh-agriculture-pravati-parida-women-child-development-finance-2024-06-15-937131 |access-date=2024-06-15 |work=India News |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harichandan, Prithviraj}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:People from Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Utkal University alumni]]

{{Odisha-BJP-politician-stub}}

Jammu North Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:40:30Z

Robertoson: Stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jammu North
| mla = [[Sham Lal Sharma]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jammu Lok Sabha constituency|Jammu]]
| state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| district = [[Jammu district|Jammu]]
| established = 2022
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 79
}}

'''Jammu North Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] a north state of [[India]]. Jammu North is also part of [[Jammu Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Notification by Delimitation Commission |url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2022/235556.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017204253/https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2022/235556.pdf |archive-date=17 October 2022 |website=egazette.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Final Delimitation Order |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/Delimitation/English%20Final%20JK.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924222358/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/Delimitation/English%20Final%20JK.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2022 |website=Jammu and Kashmir CEO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Constituency map |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/J&K%20AC%20map%20new.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524150644/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/J&K%20AC%20map%20new.pdf |archive-date=24 May 2023 |website=Jammu and Kashmir CEO}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || rowspan=2 | Prem Nath || {{Full party name with color|Jammu Praja Parishad}}
|-
| [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || [[Sheikh Abdul Rehman]]
|-
| [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Sham Lal Sharma]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Jammu North<ref>{{cite news|last1=Election Commission of India|title=J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Bandipora|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|access-date=10 October 2024|date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010072117/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|archive-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sham Lal Sharma]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=47,219 |percentage=63.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ajay Sadhotra]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |votes=19,856 |percentage=26.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shiv Dev Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,442 |percentage=3.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Akash Singh Slathia |party=Independent politician |votes=1,161 |percentage=1.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Badri Nath |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=598 |percentage=0.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amit Kapoor |party=Independent politician |votes=560 |percentage=0.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=319 |percentage=0.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=27,363 |percentage=36.89% |change= {{increase}}13.41 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=74,178 |percentage=66.69% |change= {{increase}}2.34 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,11,228 |ref = |change= {{increase}}246.55 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |swing= {{increase}}3.43 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Jammu North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083027/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sheikh Abdul Rehman]] |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=12,439 |percentage=60.23% |change={{increase}}0.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nilam Ber Dev Sharma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,590 |percentage=36.75% |change={{increase}}2.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shiv Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=238 |percentage=1.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kamal Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=140 |percentage=0.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,849 |percentage=23.48% |change= {{decrease}}1.68 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=20,654 |percentage=65.59% |change= {{decrease}}1.54 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 32,096 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.04 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |loser=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |swing= {{increase}}0.52 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Jammu North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006052138/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Nath |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=10,262 |percentage=59.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,938 |percentage=34.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. Nath |party=Independent politician |votes=434 |percentage=2.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Saroop |party=Independent politician |votes=327 |percentage=1.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=227 |percentage=1.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,324 |percentage=25.16% |change= {{decrease}}9.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,188 |percentage=67.54% |change= {{decrease}}3.66 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,085 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}17.91 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |loser=Jammu Praja Parishad |swing= {{decrease}}6.94 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Jammu North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006183842/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Nath |party=Jammu Praja Parishad |votes=14,728 |percentage=66.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hardatt Bakshi |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=6,966 |percentage=31.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish Chander |party=Independent politician |votes=406 |percentage=1.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,762 |percentage=35.12% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,100 |percentage=70.19% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 31,776 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Jammu Praja Parishad |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Jammu district]]
[[Category:2022 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2022]]

Sushma Sharma (kabaddi)

2026-04-19T17:53:04Z

Robertoson: Adding a biography

{{Short description|Indian kabaddi player}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Sushma Sharma
| image =
| caption =
| nationality = [[India]]n
| birth_date = 25 August 1998
| birth_place =
| height = 1.56 m
| country =
| medaltemplates =
{{Medal|Sport|Women's [[kabaddi]]}}
{{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Kabaddi at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[Kabaddi at the 2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Kabaddi at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's tournament|Team]]}}
}}

'''Sushma Sharma''' (ᱥᱩᱥᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ, born 25 August 1998) is an Indian [[kabaddi]] player from Himachal Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asian Games 2023: Pawan Sehrawat, Naveen Kumar headline Indian men's kabaddi team - full squad |publisher=olympics.com |date=25 August 2023 |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/indian-national-kabaddi-team-asian-games-2023-squad-list |access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref> She was part of the Indian team that won the gold medal in the [[Kabaddi at the 2022 Asian Games – Women|2022 Asian Games]]<ref>{{cite report |url=https://info.hangzhou2022.cn/resAG2022-/pdf/AG2022-/KAB/AG2022-_KAB_C73_KABWTEAM7-------------FNL-000100--.pdf |title=Asian Games Results |date=2 October 2023 |publisher=Asian Games, Hangzhou 2022 |access-date=2 October 2023 |archive-date=7 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007203730/https://info.hangzhou2022.cn/resAG2022-/pdf/AG2022-/KAB/AG2022-_KAB_C73_KABWTEAM7-------------FNL-000100--.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=India vs Chinese Taipei, Kabaddi Highlights, Asian Games 2023: IND Women beat TPE to win gold; 100th medal secured |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/asian-games/india-chinese-taipei-live-score-kabaddi-final-asian-games-2023-ind-vs-tpe-match-updates-highlights-hangzhou-2022/article67391669.ece |access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref> defeating Chinese Taipei in the final on 7 October 2023.

Himachal Pradesh Chief Minister Sukhwinder Singh Sukhu honoured the state medallists who won medals at the Asian Games, and she was presented a cash award of Rs.15 lakhs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2023 |title=Himachal Pradesh CM Sukhu felicitates state's Asian Games players | Take One |url=https://www.takeonedigitalnetwork.com/himachal-pradesh-cm-sukhu-felicitates-states-asian-games-players/ |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=www.takeonedigitalnetwork.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Sushma is from Drabil village, in the Shillai area of Himachal Pradesh’s Giri Par region.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=26 August 2023 |title=Three Girls from Shillai Secure Spot in Indian Team Women's Kabaddi |url=https://himachaltonite.com/himachal/three-girls-from-shillai-secure-spot-in-indian-team-womens-kabaddi/ |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=Himachal Tonite |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{InterSportStats|3000577690}}
* {{2022 Asian Games profile|kabaddi/athlete-profile-n2010546-sharma-sushma}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Sushma}}
[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female kabaddi players]]
[[Category:Asian Games kabaddi players for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in kabaddi]]
[[Category:Kabaddi players at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Kabaddi players from Himachal Pradesh]]

{{India-kabaddi-bio-stub}}

Samarthanam Trust for the Disabled

2026-04-18T16:11:26Z

Robertoson: Adding a data!

{{Infobox organization
| logo =Samarthanam Trust for Disabled.png
| type = Not for Profit - Registered Trust
| key_people =
| footnotes =
| name = Samarthanam Trust for the Disabled
| founded = 1997
| location = [[Bangalore]], [[India]]
| origins =
| region_served = [[India]]
| focus =
| method =
| revenue =
| endowment =
| num_volunteers =
| num_employees =
| num_members =
| owner =
| website = {{Official website}}
}}
'''Samarthanam Trust for the Disabled''', founded in 1997, is a [[Nonprofit organization|non-profit organization]] providing education, accommodation, food, vocational training and placement based rehabilitation. It is based in Bangalore, India with centers across India and abroad. The organization is affiliated to the World Blind Union and received Special UN Consultative Status in 2015.

==History==
Samarthanam Trust for the Disabled was established in the year 1997 by [[Mahantesh G Kivadasannavar]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisweekbangalore.com/?p=1323|title=Samarthanam Celebrates its 14th Anniversary | This Week Bangalore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-01-23|title=Opening doors for the blind - Hindustan Times|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Bangalore/Opening-doors-for-the-blind/Article1-800818.aspx|access-date=2021-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123113559/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Bangalore/Opening-doors-for-the-blind/Article1-800818.aspx|archive-date=2012-01-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bangalore.citizenmatters.in/articles/view/4013-mahantesh-g-kivadasannavar-samarthanam-is-a-part-of-me|title=Citizen Matters, Bangalore: 'Samarthanam is a part of me|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822015139/bangalore.citizenmatters.in/articles/view/4013-mahantesh-g-kivadasannavar-samarthanam-is-a-part-of-me|archive-date=2012-08-22}}</ref> along with his schoolmate and childhood friend, Late. Nagesh SP. The founders, being visually impaired and having witnessed various challenges, have together conceptualized Samarthanam, an organization which would cater to people with disabilities, including visually impaired and underprivileged.
Education was conceived to be the basic right of every individual, irrespective of status and disability. And hence they initiated on the development of various programmes at primary, secondary and higher education levels and also various other initiatives solely dedicated for visually impaired and underserved. As the organization's objective and drive started gathering support, Samarthanam's areas of service also widened. The organization moved onto establishing Livelihood Resource Centres, Rehabilitation Centres, Social Enterprises and a Sports Association for the visually impaired. Samarthanam expanded and fortified to be recognized as an [[umbrella organization]], offering services to people with disabilities, underserved and women in distress.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}

==Affiliations==
* World Blind Union<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://previous.jagrancityplus.com/storydetail.aspx?cityid=9&articleid=32722&catgid=21 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-07-23 |archive-date=2013-01-26 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126191139/http://previous.jagrancityplus.com/storydetail.aspx?cityid=9&articleid=32722&catgid=21 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* World Blind Cricket Council<ref name="cricketworld">{{Cite web|last=May 2012|first=Friday 4|title=Ganguly To Be Blind T20 World Cup Brand Ambassador|url=https://www.cricketworld.com/ganguly-to-be-blind-t20-world-cup-brand-ambassador/31191.htm|access-date=2021-11-04|website=Cricket World}}</ref>
* State [[Government of Karnataka]], GOI
* Boston University
* University of Chicago
* CII
* Empanelment with Department of empowerment of Persons with disabilities
* Ministry of Social Justice, GOI
* United Way
* CAF
* Give India
* Give2Asia
* NASSCOM

==Education and nutrition==
Samarthanam runs integrated primary and secondary schools and supports visually impaired students pursuing higher education. In the Class 10 Board exams held in 2012, the school had a pass percentage of 94.11%, with the school topper scoring 84.8%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisweekbangalore.com/?p=9738|title=Samarthanam Students excel in SSLC Exams | This Week Bangalore}}</ref> Samarthanam uses technology to nullify disability.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/technology-played-a-major-role-in-their-success/article3453165.ece|title=Technology played a major role in their success|newspaper=The Hindu |date=May 25, 2012|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> A barrier-free, accessible residential school is under construction. A sum of Rs. 1 crore was allocated by the Karnataka Chief Minister in the state budget towards construction of the school.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=local&newsid=226399|title=Mangalorean.Com- Serving Mangaloreans Around The World!}}</ref>

Samarthanam schools for students with intellectual disabilities have been established in Bangalore, Mysore, and Belagavi. The schools provide basic education, life skill activities, ADLS training, vocational training and aim to make the individual independent to the extent possible. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=NGO For Education |url=https://www.samarthanam.org/education/ |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=Samarthanam Trust for the Disabled |language=en-US}}</ref>

Samarthanam Residential School for children with hearing Impairments, Bangalore was set up in 2019 with classes from 1st standard to 8th standard.Currently the HI school has 40 students. <ref name="auto"/>

As part of 'Vidyaprasad', Samarthanam provides [[Mid-Day|mid-day]] meals to children in government schools.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.confident-group.com/about_events_Mammooty_Nite.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713031050/http://www.confident-group.com/about_events_Mammooty_Nite.html|url-status=dead|title=Confident Group|archivedate=July 13, 2012}}</ref>

'Shrishti', Samarthanam's BPO training units in Hubli-Dharwad and Peenya, provide soft skills and call center training to people with disabilities.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2011-01-06|title=21 youths with disabilities complete call centre training|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/21-youths-with-disabilities-complete-call-centre-training/article15507893.ece|access-date=2021-11-04|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=2011-02-01|title=They're ready to take on life now|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Theyre-ready-to-take-on-life-now/article15122875.ece|access-date=2021-11-04|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisweekbangalore.com/?p=4916|title=Build on your Abilities for making Better Tomorrow | This Week Bangalore}}</ref>

==Sports==

Samarthanam athletes took home seven medals at the 17th National Sports Meet for the Blind (2010) held at Chandigarh. Samarthanam's medal tally included three golds and Subramani broke the national record in shot put.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://previous.jagrancityplus.com/storydetail.aspx?articleid=35054&editionid=173&catgid=6&cityid=13 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-03-10 |archive-date=2013-01-27 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130127090955/http://previous.jagrancityplus.com/storydetail.aspx?articleid=35054&editionid=173&catgid=6&cityid=13 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Samarthanam promotes chess for the blind. The FIDE rating National Open Chess Tournament for the Blind 2012 was organized by Samarthanam, in association with All India Chess Federation for the Blind.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisweekbangalore.com/?p=6699|title=Fide rating Chess championship for the blind concluded today | This Week Bangalore}}</ref>

The previous governing body handed over the responsibility of organizing cricket for the blind in India to Samarthanam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/2011/02/09212516/Portrait-of-an-endangered-spor.html?h=C|title=Portrait of an endangered sport - Business of Life - livemint.com}}</ref> Samarthanam funded the Indian team's tour of England<ref>{{Cite news|last=Krishna|first=Geetanjali|date=2011-02-12|title=Geetanjali Krishna: A blind eye to hidden talent|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/geetanjali-krishna-a-blind-eye-to-hidden-talent-111021200040_1.html|access-date=2021-11-04}}</ref> where the Indian team defeated England in a four-match one-day series.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-08-31|title=The Hindu : Andhra Pradesh / Hyderabad News : Having sights on the wicket|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/08/26/stories/2010082661830200.htm|access-date=2021-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100831014735/http://www.hindu.com/2010/08/26/stories/2010082661830200.htm|archive-date=2010-08-31}}</ref> The Indian team, in collaboration with Samarthanam, also travelled to Pakistan to play the Indo-Pak series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://orissadiary.com/Shownews.asp?id=29749|title=Indian Blind Cricket To Tour Pakistan in November, Orissa News}}</ref> Cricket Association for the Blind in India (CABI) is Samarthanam's sports initiative. The T–20 World Cup Cricket for the Blind is to be held in Bangalore in December 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-06-10|title=A World Cup with a difference - Hindustan Times|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Cricket/CricketNews/A-World-Cup-with-a-difference/Article1-868714.aspx|access-date=2021-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610101519/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Cricket/CricketNews/A-World-Cup-with-a-difference/Article1-868714.aspx|archive-date=2012-06-10}}</ref> Australia, Bangladesh, England, India, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, West Indies, Sri Lanka and Nepal will be taking part, and Saurav Ganguly is the Brand Ambassador for the event.<ref name="cricketworld" />

==Rehabilitation==
* Residential Rehabilitation and Counseling Center for Women in Distress
* Rural BPO/Call Center Unit
Samarthanam's Rural BPO - 'Kirana' - went live in 2011. The BPO was launched in association with the state-run Karnataka Biotechnology and Information Services (KBITS).<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=2011-06-25|title=Samarthanam starts rural BPO|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/samarthanam-starts-rural-bpo/article2134057.ece|access-date=2021-11-04|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The center provides employment opportunities to people with disabilities and rural youth.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-10-21|title=State rural BPOs get pro policy push|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/199595/state-rural-bpos-get-pro.html|access-date=2021-11-04|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref>

==Other areas of work==
* Culture: 'Sunadha' is Samarthanam's troupe comprising visually impaired dancers. 'Sunadha' has performed across India, the U.S. and U.K.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://carroll.org/2010/09/16/visually-impaired-dance-troupe-from-india-visit-carroll-center|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130414100937/http://carroll.org/2010/09/16/visually-impaired-dance-troupe-from-india-visit-carroll-center|url-status=dead|title=Visually Impaired Dance Troupe from India Visit Carroll Center | The Carroll Center for the Blind|archivedate=April 14, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=238642|title=Mangalorean.Com- Serving Mangaloreans Around The World!}}</ref>

* Environment: 'Parisara' is Samarthanam's environmental initiative.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bangalore.citizenmatters.in/blogs/show_entry/4331-green-awards|title=Green Awards for PNLIT, Samarthanam, MSI - 12 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225201712/bangalore.citizenmatters.in/blogs/show_entry/4331-green-awards|archive-date=2012-12-25}}</ref>

==Awards==
* Samarthanam was awarded the Governor's award for Excellence from the government of Karnataka, in 2002<ref>[http://eyeway.org/inspires/achievers/mahantesh Mahantesh — eyeway] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701162005/http://www.eyeway.org/inspires/achievers/mahantesh |date=2012-07-01 }}</ref>
* Founder Managing Trustee Mr. Mahantesh received the National Award for Child Welfare 2009 from the President of India<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thisweekbangalore.com/issue208/GK-Mahantesh.html|title=GK Mahantesh Conferred With National Award}}</ref>
* Mr. Mahantesh was conferred with the Aryabhatta International Award, in 2009<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mahantesh G Kivadasanavar conferred 'Aryabhata Intl. Award'|url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20100409/1481894.html|access-date=2021-11-04|website=news.webindia123.com}}</ref>
* Mr. Mahantesh was honoured with the NDTV Spirit of Sport Award for 2011, in the Against the Odds - Lifetime Achievement category<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/micro/marksforsports/winnerCont.aspx|title=Marks for Sports: Award Winners}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/micro/marksforsports/voices.aspx?id=223065|title=Marks for Sports: All the latest videos}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newsid=294913&newstype=local|title=Mangalorean.Com- Serving Mangaloreans Around The World!}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Blind cricket]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Disability organisations based in India]]

Execution of Sambhaji

2026-04-18T09:03:13Z

Robertoson: New

{{Short description|1689 execution of the second Maratha king}}

{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox event
| title = Execution of Sambhaji
| image =
| partof = the [[Deccan wars]]
| caption = Mughal Forces capture Sambhaji
| date = {{start and end dates|1689|02|19|1689|03|11|df=y}}
| duration = Three weeks
| venue = Tulapur arch
| Location = [[Tulapur]]
| coordinates = {{coord|18.6694|N|73.9955|E}}
| type = [[Beheading|Execution by beheading]]
| cause = * Wars with the [[Mughal Empire]]
| reporter = [[Khafi Khan]] {{Interlanguage link|Ishwar Das|hi|ईश्वरदास (कवि)}}
| organizers = [[Mughal Empire]]
}}
'''Sambhaji''', the second [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] king, was put to death by order of the [[List of emperors of the Mughal Empire|Mughal emperor]] [[Aurangzeb]] in the 17th century. The conflicts between the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] and the [[Deccan sultanates|Deccan Sultanates]], which resulted in the downfall of the Sultanates, paved the way for tensions between the Marathas and the Mughals. During the [[Deccan Wars]], Aurangzeb was drawn to southern India due to the Maratha [[Sacking of Burhanpur|attack on Burhanpur]] and his rebellious son, [[Muhammad Akbar (Mughal prince)|Muhammad Akbar]] who was supported by Sambhaji.<ref>{{cite web | title=History Of Aurangzib,vol.5 : Sarkar,jadunath : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive | website=Internet Archive | date=2015-07-01 | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.98678 | access-date=2025-02-23 | page=n128 | quote = With the accession of Shambhuji the scene changed. The flight of the rebel prince Muhammad Akbar to the Maratha Court forced Aurangzib to march to the Deccan to watch this new danger to his throne and to personally guide the operations of his troops. He arrived at Aurangabad on 22nd March 1682, and soon began a well-planned and vigorous offensive against the Maratha power.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Ashraf | first=Syed Dawooo | title=Full text of "Mughal Administration Of The Deccan 1658 1707 With Special Reference To Maharashtra" | website=Internet Archive | date=2016-10-23 | url=https://archive.org/stream/MughalAdministrationOfTheDeccan16581707WithSpecialReferenceToMaharashtra/Mughal_administration_of_the_Deccan_1658_1707_With_special_reference_to_Maharashtra__djvu.txt | access-date=2025-02-23 | page=19 | quote = Aurangzeb came to the Deccan with the main intention and aim to watch and check the activities of his rebel son Akber, Sambhuji the Maratha King.....}}</ref> After some battles and skirmishes, the Mughal commander [[Muqarrab Khan]] captured Sambhaji along with some of his officers. They were executed by the command of Aurangzeb at [[Tulapur]] in modern-day [[Maharashtra]].

== Background ==
{{See also|Siege of Golconda|Siege of Bijapur}}
[[File:Sambhaji painting late 17th century.png|thumb|Portrait of Sambhaji]]

After the death of Sambhaji's father [[Shivaji]] in 1680, he escaped from the Panhala fort where he was kept captive by his father and proclaimed himself king, eliminating all of Shivaji's ministers who opposed his succession.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Sunita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2kaAAAAYAAJ |title=Veil, Sceptre, and Quill: Profiles of Eminent Women, 16th- 18th Centuries |date=2004 |publisher=Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library |pages=139 |language=en}}</ref> Once on the throne, Sambhaji waged numerous campaigns against the Mughals, following in his father's footsteps.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Richards |first=John F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC |title=The Mughal Empire |date=1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-56603-2 |pages=217–223 |language=en}}</ref> After the Maratha [[Sacking of Burhanpur|Sack of Burhanpur]] the Marathas burnt, loot, raped and tortured the people of Burhanpur. According to [[John F. Richards|John F Richards]], Sambhaji unlike his father's footsteps, condoned the rape and violence committed by his army during the sieges.<ref name=":0" /> To the Nobles of Burhanpur, Sambhaji's raid was more than just a disruption of public order; it was seen as an attack on the Muslim community by a non-believer. If the [[Mughal Empire]] failed to protect the lives and property of Muslims, it was believed that [[Aurangzeb|Aurangzeb's]] titles as ruler should not be acknowledged during the Friday congregational prayers. Under pressure from the Muslim nobles of Burhanpur and the rebellious son, [[Muhammad Akbar (Mughal prince)|Akbar]] who was supported by Sambhaji, Aurangzeb launched a campaign towards the Deccan region.<ref name=":0" />

During the Mughal siege of Golconda and Bijapur, Muslim [[Ulama|Ulema]] from Bijapur questioned Aurangzeb about how he could justify waging war against fellow Muslims. Aurangzeb's response was that the Sultan had harbored and aided Sambhaji, who had been causing harm to Muslims across the region. Aurangzeb also condemned [[Abul Hasan Qutb Shah|Abul Hasan]] for the additional offense of relinquishing control of his state to his two [[Brahmin]] ministers.<ref name=":0" /> The fall of the Deccan Sultanates marked the beginning of a new chapter in Deccan history known as the "[[Deccan wars|Deccan Wars]]".{{Sfn|Richards|1993|p=225}}
[[File:Aurangzeb-portrait.jpg|thumb|Aurangzeb]]

== Capture of Sambhaji ==
While Aurangzeb was besieging Golconda and Bijapur, Sambhaji observed his movements from the fort of Panhala. Following the capture of Bijapur and Golconda, a significant amount of wealth and military resources fell into Mughal hands. After seizing these two key forts, Aurangzeb deployed Sarja Khan, a seasoned general from Bijapur familiar with the Deccan terrain.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Karandikar |first=Shivaram Laxman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_qI9AAAAMAAJ |title=The Rise and Fall of the Maratha Power |date=1969 |publisher=Sitabai Shivram Karandikar |pages=307–310 |language=en}}</ref>

In December 1687, the [[Battle of Wai]] unfolded between the Maratha forces under the command of [[Hambirrao Mohite]], dispatched by Sambhaji, and the Mughal forces led by Sarja Khan. Despite the Maratha forces emerging victorious, Mohite was killed by a cannonball during the conflict.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Joshi |first=Pandit Shankar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ngBAAAAMAAJ |title=Chhatrapati Sambhaji, 1657-1689 A.D. |date=1980 |publisher=S. Chand |pages=241 |language=en}}</ref> Sambhaji's military strength dwindled after the battle, prompting him to relocate with a smaller contingent of soldiers. His camp faced encirclement by Mughal agents within the confines of the [[Raigarh]] and [[Panhala]] hills. The Maratha faction led by the [[Shirke|Shirkes]] betrayed Sambhaji by divulging his movements to the Mughals, resulting in the revelation of Sambhaji's whereabouts. They provided daily updates on his movements to the Mughals, ultimately leading to Sambhaji's failure to safeguard himself, despite his efforts to protect the kingdom.{{Sfn|Mehta|2005|pp=49-50}}

Sambhaji was caught off guard by the Mughal commander [[Muqarrab Khan]], resulting in a battle at [[Sangameshwar]] where the Marathas suffered casualties, leading to their defeat. Five Marathas were killed, and the remaining fled. Sambhaji's minister, [[Kavi Kalash]], was captured, while Sambhaji himself managed to escape and seek refuge in a temple. The Mughals discovered his hiding place, and despite his attempts to flee, Sambhaji was apprehended on 1 February 1689.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Kulkarni |first=G. T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qA1BAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mughal-Maratha Relations: Twenty Five Fateful Years, 1682-1707 |date=1983 |publisher=Department of History, Deccan College Post-Graduate Research Institute |pages=74 |language=en}}</ref> Twenty-five others among Sambhaji's officers were also captured.{{Sfn|Mehta|2005|pp=49-50}}{{Sfn|Richards|1993|p=223}} Muqarrab Khan transported them to [[Akluj]], where Aurangzeb was. Upon receiving the news of their capture, Aurangzeb was pleased and renamed the place Asadnagar to commemorate the event.<ref name=":1" />

== Execution==
[[File:Tulapur arch.jpg|Tulapur stone arch, where Sambhaji was executed|thumb]]
Sambhaji and Kavi Kalash were taken to the Imperial encampment near the [[Bhima River|Bhima river]]. Despite Sambhaji's royal status, he was not accorded the same respect as the Mughals granted to the rulers of Bijapur and Golconda. Instead, he and his ministers were humiliated by being dressed as [[Jester|buffoons]] in long fool's caps with bells attached, mounted on a camel, and paraded through the Mughal camps amidst the beating of drums and the pealing of trumpets. They were then presented to Aurangzeb, who was offering a thanksgiving prayer.{{Sfn|Mehta|2005|p=50}}{{Sfn|Richards|1993|p=223}} According to the Mughal chronicler, [[Khafi Khan]]{{efn|Khafi Khan wrote his chronicles decades after the execution. He is not believed to have been an eye witness to the trial and execution of Sambhaji or Aurangzeb's Deccan campaign}} and Ishwar Das Nagar, that very night, Sambhaji and Kavi Kalash were blinded with red-hot irons.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Pāṭīla |first=Śālinī |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Eh1BAAAAMAAJ |title=Maharani Tarabai of Kolhapur, C. 1675-1761 A.D. |date=1987 |publisher=S. Chand & Company |isbn=978-81-219-0269-4 |pages=46–48 |language=en}}</ref> On 11 March 1689, at [[Koregaon]] on the River Bhima, where Aurangzeb was encamped, Sambhaji was beheaded. Aurangzeb's dream was thus fulfilled before he had been six years in the Deccan. The entire region from [[Narmada River|Narmada]] to [[Tungabhadra River|Tungabhadra]] now lay under his dominion. The land where Shivaji had once fought was subdued, and no signs of resistance remained.{{Sfn|Mehta|2005|p=51}}
Sambhaji's remains were fed to the dogs.{{sfn|Mehta|2005|p=53}}

== Aftermath==
[[File:Vadhu Tulapur - Statue of Sambhaji Maharaja.JPG|thumb|Statue of Sambhaji]]
During his reign, Sambhaji was unable to accomplish much for his people. However, his death elevated him to the status of a martyr.{{Sfn|Mehta|2005|p=50}} Sambhaji's son, [[Shahu I|Shahu]], was held captive by Aurangzeb and was only released when he reached maturity.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Johnston |first=Harry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lq1flY9dSN0C |title=The Great Pioneer in India, Ceylon, Bhutan & Tibet |date=1986 |publisher=Mittal Publications |pages=252 |language=en}}</ref> Following these events, the Mughals reached their peak in terms of territorial expansion, establishing the farthest extent of dominion in the subcontinent. Despite this, conflicts between the Marathas and Mughals persisted. [[Rajaram I|Rajaram]], the brother of Sambhaji, sought refuge in the [[Gingee Fort|Jinjee fort]] in the south, while Maratha officers continued their raids in the northern Deccan region.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
===Notes===
{{notelist}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{Cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA47 |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813 |date=2005-01-01 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-1-932705-54-6 |language=en}}

[[Category:Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:17th century in India]]
[[Category:Executed monarchs]]

Ulagalantha Perumal Temple, Tirukoyilur

2026-04-12T04:08:06Z

Robertoson:

{{Short description|Vishnu temple in Tirukoilur}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Ulagalantha Perumal Temple
| image = Thirukovilur temple view.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|11|58|01|N|79|12|7|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Kallakurichi district|Kallakurichi]]
| location = [[Tirukkoyilur]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Ulagalantha Perumal, Trivikrama ([[Vishnu]]), Poongothai Nachiyar ([[Lakshmi]]), Aaaynar, Gopalan ([[Vishnu]])
| facade_direction =
| temple_tank = Pennar, Krishan
| tower = Sreekara
| Prathyaksham =
| festivals =
| architecture = [[South Indian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Ulagalantha Perumal Temple''' or '''Trivikrama Temple''' is a [[Hindu]] temple dedicated to [[Vishnu]] located in [[Tirukkoyilur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. Constructed in the [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian style of architecture]], the temple is glorified in the ''[[Divya Prabandha|Naalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the early medieval [[Tamil literature|Tamil]] canon of the [[Alvars|Alvar]] saints from the 6th–9th centuries CE. It is one of the 108 ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desams]]'' dedicated to Vishnu, who is worshipped as Ulagalantha Perumal and his consort [[Lakshmi]] as Poongothai.<ref>{{cite book|title=108 Vaishnavite Divya Desams: Divya desams in Pandya Nadu|last=M. S. |first=Ramesh|publisher= Tirumalai-Tirupati Devasthanam}}</ref> The temple is believed to have been built by the [[Medieval Cholas]], with later contributions from [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagara kings]] and [[Madurai Nayaks]]. The temple covers an area of {{convert|5|acre|sqm|abbr=on}} and has a temple tower that is the third tallest in Tamil Nadu, measuring {{convert|192|ft|m|abbr=on}} in height.

According to Hindu scriptures and beliefs, [[Vamana]], a [[Brahmin]] dwarf avatar of Vishnu, appeared here to quell the pride of the [[asura]] king [[Mahabali|Bali]]. The temple is believed to be the place where the first three Alvars, the Vaishnava Saints, namely, [[Poigai Alvar]], [[Bhoothathalvar]], and [[Peyalvar]] attained salvation. The temple is one of the Panchakanna (Krishnaranya) Kshetrams, the five holy temples associated with [[Krishna]], an avatar of Vishnu.

Ulagalantha Perumal is believed to have appeared to King Mahabali and the Alvars. Six daily rituals, and a dozen yearly festivals, are held at the temple, out of which the chariot festival, celebrated during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of panguni''பங்குனி'' (March–April), is the most prominent. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

==Legend==
[[File:Ulagalantha Perumal6.JPG|220px|left|thumb|Legend showing Ulagalantha Perumal measuring earth and sky]]
The ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'' describes that Vishnu descended as the [[Vamana]] avatar to restore the authority of [[Indra]] over the heavens, as it had been taken by [[Mahabali]], a benevolent [[asura]] King. [[Mahabali|Bali]] was the grandson of [[Prahlada]]. King Mahabali was generous, and engaged in severe austerities and penance and won the praise of the world. With the praise from his courtiers and others, he regarded himself as the all powerful in the world. Vamana, in the guise of a short [[Brahmin]] carrying a wooden [[umbrella]], went to the king to request three paces of land. [[Mahabali]] consented, against the warning of his guru, [[Sukracharya]]. Vamana then revealed his identity and enlarged to gigantic proportions to stride over the three worlds. He stepped from heaven to earth with the first step, from earth to the netherworld with the second. King [[Mahabali]], unable to fulfill his promise, offered his head for the third. Vamana then placed His Foot and gave the king immortality for his humility. In worshiping Mahabali and his ancestor Prahláda, he conceded sovereignty of [[Patala|Pátála]], the netherworld. Some texts also report that Vamana did not step into the netherworld, and instead gave its rule to Bali. In giant form, Vamana is known as Trivikrama. The legend is associated with [[Thrikkakara Temple]] in [[Kerala]], but also with this temple and [[Ulagalantha Perumal Temple, Kanchipuram]].<ref>[[#Parmeshwaranand|Parmeshwaranand]], p. 1337</ref><ref>[[#Hoiberg|Hoiberg 2001]], p. 217</ref><ref name="dinamalar"/>

As per another legend, the temple is believed to have originally been a Krishna temple. The temple name, Kovilur, refers to the original deity Gopalan, indicating [[Krishna]]. As per ''[[Brahmanda Purana]]'' sage [[Mrikandu]] heard about Vamana avatar of Vishnu and wanted to have a view of it. [[Brahma]] directed him to visit the place and perform penance. The sage came to the place along with his wife Mithravathi to start the penance. The pair used to feed [[Brahmin|Brahmanas]] in their hermitage. To test their devotion, Vishnu appeared as a Brahmana and sought food from the pair. Since all food for the day were already given, Mithravathi was worried and prayed to Vishnu. All the vessels were full with food and she was able to feed the Brahman. Pleased by their devotion, Vishnu reappeared as Vamana - Thrivikrama form.<ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|ref=R.|pages=485–6}}</ref>

==Architecture==

[[File:Ulagalantha perumal.j.jpg|200px|left|thumb|3rd Tallest goupuram in Tamil nadu]]

[[File:Ulagalantha Perumal9.JPG|220px|left|thumb|Image of the second gateway tower]]
The temple has an eleven-tiered raja[[gopuram]] with a height of {{convert|59|m|ft|abbr=on}}, the third tallest temple tower in Tamil Nadu, after the one in [[Srirangam Ranganathaswamy temple]] and [[Srivilliputhur Andal temple]]. The temple covers an area of {{convert|5|acre|sqm|abbr=on}} and houses residential buildings in the precincts around the temple tower. The presiding deity, Ulagalantha Perumal, has an imposing image made of Tharu wood with foot raised. The images of Alvars are housed in the hall preceding the sanctum. The temple has two [[gopuram]]s (gateway towers), with the one at the main entrance being the tallest of the two. The image of [[Vamana]] is located behind the sanctum. There are separate shrines for [[Lakshmi Narayana]], [[Lakshmi Narasimha]], Varadaraja, Rama, [[Andal]], [[Sudarshana Chakra|Chakratalvar]], [[Vishvaksena]], [[Manavala Mamuni]] and [[Ramanuja]] around the sanctum. The sanctum houses the wooden image of Ulagalantha Perumal. Unlike other Vishnu temples, Perumal is sported with [[Sanka|Sankha]] in his right hand and [[Chakra]] on his left. The sanctum also housed the images of Mahalakshmi, [[Prahlada|Prahalad]] and [[Mahabali]] to the right of presiding deity and the images of [[Sukracharya]], sage [[Mrikandu]] and the three mudhal [[Azhwar|Alvar]]s ([[Pey Azhwar|Pey]], [[Bhoothath Azhwar|Bhoothath]] and [[Poigai Azhwar|Poigai Alvar]]) to his left. The festival deities, the metal images of Koovalan and Poongodhai Thayar are housed in the sanctum. [[Durga]], otherwise housed only in [[Shiva temple]]s, is a rare feature of the temple. The image of Krishna is made of [[saligrama]] stone and is housed in a separate shrine. There are separate shrines in the first precinct for Venugopala, Lakshmi Narayana, Lakshmi Raghava, Lakshmi Narasimha, [[Rama]], Veera Anjaneya, [[Andal]] and Shukracharya, the guru of the asuras.<ref name=C137>[[#Madhavan|Madhavan 2014]], p. 137</ref> Vishnudurga is housed in the sanctum sanctorum of the temple, which is one of the unique features of the temple.<ref name=A>{{cite book|title=Temples of South India|first=Ambujam |last=Anantharaman|page=33|publisher=East West Books (Madras)|year=2006|isbn=978-81-88661-42-8}}</ref>

There are sixteen temple tanks associated with the temple, with Chakra Theertham located outside the temple being the most prominent.<ref name=C139>[[#Madhavan|Madhavan 2014]], p. 139</ref> Chakra Theertha is believed to have been from the waters used by [[Brahma]] to wash the feet of Vamana. It is believed that the water is source of river [[Pennar]], which flows nearby the temple. Chank Theertha, located in the east, Akasha Ganga, Varava Theertha and Kalava Theertha are the various other temple tanks in the temple.<ref name="dinamalar"/>

==History==
It was originally under the rule of Malayaman Malayarayan chieftains <ref>{{cite book |last1=Alvar |first1=Thirumangai |title=Thirunedunthandakam |orig-date=7th–8th century CE}}</ref> and later switched hands to Miladudaiyar and again went back to Malayaman Malayarayan chieftains. Both Miladudaiyars and Malayaman Malayarayan chieftains had direct relationship with the [[Medieval Cholas]], with their princess Sembian Mahadevi daughter of Malavarayar marrying Gandaraditya and Vanavan Mahadevi marrying [[Sundara Chola]] and gave birth to [[Rajaraja I]], the illustrious Chola king.<ref name=C134>[[#Madhavan|Madhavan 2014]], p. 134</ref> There are multiple inscriptions in the temple from [[Chola]], [[Pandya]], and [[Vijayanagara Empire]] indicating donations to the temple. An inscription from [[Rajendra Chola II]] indicates that the temple was called Thiruvidaikali Alvar temple. A chieftain by name Ranakesari Raman reconstructed the whole sanctum with granite as the old structure built of bricks developed cracks. He also built five pinnacles, the veranda and the hall in front of it. Another inscription during the regime of [[Rajadhiraja Chola]] in 1171 CE indicates the donation of seven ''kalanju'' (a measure used in olden times) by a lady for the conduct of festivals of Vaikasi and Aippasi and also for the recitation of ''[[Tiruvaymoli]]'' sung by [[Nammazhwar|Nammmalvar]] in the temple.<ref name=C140>[[#Madhavan|Madhavan 2014]], p. 140-1</ref>

The temple was originally made of bricks, but during the period of [[Virarajendra Chola]] (1063–70), a granite structure was developed. Narasimha Varma constructed the other shrines also in granite. The temple received benevolent contributions from most of the later Chola rulers like [[Rajadhiraja Chola]] (1018–1054), [[Rajendra Chola II]] (1051–1063) and other rulers of the region like Vikramapandiya, Koperujinga and [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagara rulers]] like [[Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya]] (1485–1491) and [[Sadasiva Raya]] (1542–1570) as seen from the inscriptions in the temple. The temple was expanded during the rule of the Vijayanagar kings and Nayaks. The temple was the fortress to the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] during the [[Carnatic wars]]. It was also attacked during the days of the period of [[Hyder Ali]].<ref name=M/>

==Festivals and religious practices==
[[File:Ulagalantha Perumal8.JPG|220px|thumb|Image of the Thayar shrine]]
[[File:Thirukovilur Thiruvikrama perumal temple.JPG|left|thumb|Ulagalantha Perumal Temple]]
The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. As at other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] community, from the Brahmin varna. The temple rituals are performed six times a day: ''Ushathkalam'' at 7 a.m., ''Kalasanthi'' at 8:00 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:00 p.m., ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00 p.m., ''Irandamkalam'' at 7:00 p.m. and ''Ardha Jamam'' at 10:00 p.m. Each ritual has three steps: ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''neivethanam'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Ulagalantha Perumal and Poongothai. During the last step of worship, ''[[nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument) are played, religious instructions in the ''[[Vedas]]'' (sacred text) are recited by priests, and worshippers prostrate themselves in front of the [[Iconography of Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu#Dvajasthamba and Pali Peedam|temple mast]]. There are weekly, monthly and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri Thiruvikrama swamy temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=605|publisher=Dinamalar|access-date=2014-01-01}}</ref>

Various festivals are celebrated in the temple, with the 15-day Panguni Brahmmotsavam in March–April with Sri Pushpavalli Thayar Oonjal, being the most prominent one. During the Masi Magam festival celebrated in February–March, the festive deity is carried on the shoulders of devotees to [[Cuddalore]]. Other festivals are Purattasi Pavithra Utsavavm, [[Navarathri|Navaratri]], [[Srirama Navami]], Sri Ramanuja Jayanthi, Vasanth Utsavam in April–May, Vaikasi Visaka Garuda Seva, NammAlvar Sattrumurai in May–June, Aani PeriAlvar Sattrumurai in June–July, Aadi Thiruvadipooram, Andal Utsavam in July–August, Avani Sri Jayanthi, Uriyadi utsavam in August–September, Aipasi Mudalazwar Sattrumurai, Sri Manavala Mamunigal utsav in October–November, Karthikai Kaisika Ekadasi, Tirukarthikai in November–December, Margali Rapathu, Pagal Pathu and [[Vaikunta Ekadashi]] in December–January.<ref name="dinamalar"/>

==Religious significance==

[[File:VenugopalKrishna-CGRamanujam-RaviVarmaPressOleographPrint-IndianPainting 976d929e-9cb4-472a-94a2-9dfd59cff9b2 (1).jpg|thumb|This temple is one of the Pancha Krishna kshethram and Krishna showers his blessings with Rukmini and Sathyabama]]

The temple is revered in the ''[[Nalayira Divya Prabandham|Naalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the 7th–9th century Vaishnava canon, by [[Thirumazhisai Aazhwar|Tirumalisai Alvar]] in one hymn. The temple is classified as a ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desam]]'', one of the 108 Vishnu temples that are mentioned in the book.<ref name="dinamalar"/> The temple is counted among the three [[Divyadesam|Divya Desam]]s that has Ulagalantha Perumal as the presiding deity, with the other two being [[Ulagalantha Perumal Temple, Kanchipuram|Kanchipuram Ulagalantha Perumal temple]] and [[Kazheesirama Vinnagaram]] at [[Sirkali]].<ref name=C136>[[#Madhavan|Madhavan 2014]], p. 136</ref>

{| class="toccolours" style="clear:right; float:right; background:#ffffff; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width:300"
|-
!style="background:#A8BDEC" align="center" colspan="2"|'''Pancha Kannan Temples'''
|-
|align="center"| [[Loganatha Perumal Temple]]||[[Thirukannangudi]]
|-
|align="center"|[[Gajendra Varadha Temple]]||[[Kabisthalam]]
|-
|align="center"| [[Neelamegha Perumal Temple]] ||[[Thirukannapuram]]
|-
|align="center"| [[Bhaktavatsala Perumal temple, Tirukannamangai|Bhaktavatsala Perumal Temple]] ||[[Thirukannamangai]]
|-
|align="center"| Ulagalantha Perumal Temple ||[[Tirukkoyilur|Thirukkovilur]]
|}
This temple is one of the Panchakanna (Krishnaranya) Kshetrams. Kannan refers to [[Krishna]], the [[avatar]] of Vishnu, while ''pancha'' means five and ''Kshetrams'' refers to holy places. Four of the five temples are situated in [[Chola Nadu]], in modern times, in the region surrounding [[Kumbakonam]] and [[Nagapattinam]] and one of them in Nadu Nadu. Krishna is not the presiding deity in any of the temples. The processional deity, Krishna, led to the derivation of the names of these places. There are five similar temples located in North India, called Pancha-dvarakas.<ref name=M/><ref>{{cite book |last=T. |first=Padmaja |title=Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: history, art, and traditions in Tamil Nadu |year=2002 |publisher=Shakti Malik |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-7017-398-1|pages=93–94 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzgaS1wRnl8C&q=pancha+kannan&pg=PA93}}</ref>

==Literature==
[[File:Ulagalantha Perumal2.JPG|220px|thumb|Eight of such pillared structures are found from the main entrance tower to the second]]
As per Hindu legend, Vishnu appeared to the ''mutal Alvars'' (first three ''Alvars'') at Thirukkoilur. It was day time, but it darkened and started raining heavily. The wandering [[Poigai Alvar]] found out a small hide out, which has a space for one person to lie down. Bhootath Alvar arrived there looking for a hiding place and Poigai accommodated him, with both sitting together. In the meanwhile, Pey Alvar also came to the same place as all the three preferred to stand because of lack of space. The darkness became dense and inside the small room, they were not able to see each other. In the meanwhile, they felt a fourth person also forced his way among them. The three ''Alvars'' realised from the light of the lightning that the fourth one had a charming face that was sublime and divine. The trio could immediately realize that it was [[Vishnu]] who was huddling among them. Poigai wished to see Vishnu's face continuously but could view only from the simmering light of the lightning. With a view to maintain the continuity of light, he instantly composed hundred songs wishing the earth to be a big pot full of ghee like an ocean where the Sun could be the burning wick.<ref name=M>{{cite book|title=15 Vaishnava Temples of Tamil Nadu|last=M.|first=Rajagopalan|pages=57–65|publisher=Govindaswamy Printers|location=Chennai, India|year=1993}}</ref><ref name="James"/><ref name="Garg">{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World: Ak-Aq|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WjDcd0cTFxQC&q=poygai&pg=PA352|pages=352–354|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|last=Garg|first=Gaṅgā Rām|year=1992|isbn=9788170223757}}</ref><ref name="Dalal308">[[#Dalal|Dalal]] 2011, p. 308</ref>

<blockquote>
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[Tamil script|Tamil]] 
வையம் தகளியா வார்கடலே நெய்யாக 
வெய்ய கதிரோன் விளக்காக - செய்ய 
சுடர் ஆழியான் அடிக்கே சுட்டினேன் சொல் மாலை 
இடராழி நிங்குகவே என்று 
</div>
{{Col-break}}
<div class="center">
[[Transliteration]] 
Vayyam takaliyā vārkat̬ale neyyāka 
veyya kat̬irōn vilakkāka - ceyya 
cut̬ar āḻiyān at̬ikke cut̬inen col mālai 
it̬arāḻi ninkukave enru 
</div>
{{col-end}}
{{Cquote| Deeming in the world as lamp; the full sea as ghee, the fierce-rayed sun as a luminous wick, I have twined a garland of speech for the feet of Him who wields the red flaming discus so that there may be freedom from the ocean of misery.<ref>{{cite book|title=Source Book Of Indian Civilization, A|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zcyho16xzWEC&q=poygai&pg=PA412|page=412|last1=Ray|first1=Niharranjan |last2=Chattopadhyaya|first2=Brajadulal|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=2000|isbn=9788125018711}}</ref>}}
</blockquote>
The song is also interpreted as the ''Alvar'' praying to god to remove the darkness and ask for his unlimited knowledge and power. [[Bhoothathazhwar|Bhoothath Alvar]] also sang 100 songs imagining to light the lamp constantly through ardent love for Him. [[Peyazhwar|Pey Alvar]] sang another 100 songs where he described the enchanting charm of the divine face and the association of Narayana equipped with chakra and sankha, and his divine consort goddess Lakshmi.<ref name="James">{{cite book|title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch|url-access=registration|last=Lochtefeld|first=James|page=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/515 515]|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|year=2002|isbn=9780823931804}}</ref><ref name="chari1617">[[#Chari|Chari]] 1997, pp. 16-17</ref>

The temple plays a special part in Sri Vaishnavism as it is where the first three Alvars sang the first three ''Thiruvandadhis'' compiled in ''Naalayira Divya Prabandam'', the Vaishnava canon.<ref name=Meena>{{cite book|title=Temples in South India|last=V.|first=Meena|publisher=Harikumar Arts|location=Kanniyakumari|year=1974|edition=1st|page=41}}</ref> [[Thirumangai Azhwar|Thirumangai Alvar]], another Alvar saint also revered the deity in his verses compiled in ''Naalayira Divya Prabandam''.<ref name=M/>

The temple finds mention in [[Sangam literature]] in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] from 3rd BC to 3rd centuries CE. ''[[Agananuru]]'', ''[[Purananuru]]'', ''[[Natrinai]]'' and ''[[Kurunthogai]]'' have mention about the temple. Malayaman Tirumudikari, the ruler of Thirukovilur, was lavished praise in the texts for his charitable disposition to the institutions. It is believed that [[Avvaiyar (Sangam poet)|Avvaiyar]], the celebrated Sangam period poet, arranged marriage for two chieftains at this place. Poet Kapilar is believed to have found suitable grooms for king Pari's daughter Angavai and Sangavai at this place and set himself up in fire. The event is commemorated every year in a huge rock called Kapilar Kal, where a small shrine exists even in modern times.<ref name=M/>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin|20em}}
* {{cite book|title=History of People and Their Environs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=crxUQR_qBXYC&q=poygai&pg=PA47|publisher=Bharathi Puthakalayam|year=2011|last1=B. S.|first1=Chandrababu|last2=S.|first2=Ganeshram|last3=C.|first3=Bhavani|isbn=9789380325910|ref=B.S.}}
* {{cite book|title=Philosophy and Theistic Mysticism of the Āl̲vārs|first= S. M. Srinivasa|last= Chari|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|year=1997|isbn=9788120813427|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8TwHhuZrZ-wC&q=poygai&pg=PA16|ref=Chari}}
* {{cite book|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&q=poigai&pg=PA308|last=Dalal|first=Roshen|ref=Dalal|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=2011|isbn=9780143414216}}
* {{cite book|title=Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FdIkaccgneAC&q=vamana&pg=PA1337|last=Parmeshwaranand|first=Swami|publisher=Sarup & Sons|year=2001|isbn=9788176252263|ref=Parmeshwaranand}}
* {{cite book|title=Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1-5
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DPP7O3nb3g0C&q=vamana&pg=PA217|last1=Hoiberg|first1=Dale |last2=Ramchandani|first2=Indu |publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=2000|isbn=9780852297605|ref=Hoiberg}}
* {{cite book|title=Vishnu temples of South India volume 4|last=Madhavan|first=Chithra|isbn=978-81-908445-3-6|publisher=Alpha Land Books Pvt. Ltd.|location=Chennai|ref=Madhavan}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* http://www.thirukovalur.org (Official Website)
* http://www.tirukoilur.com

{{Famous Vishnu temples}}

[[Category:Divya Desams| ]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Kallakurichi district]]
[[Category:Vamana temples]]

Abbé Faria

2026-04-05T01:05:06Z

Robertoson: started new post initial version

{{short description|Portuguese Catholic priest and pioneer of hypnotism (1756–1819)}}
{{Other uses|L'Abbé (disambiguation)}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[Abbé]] ([[Abbot]])
| name = Faria
| native_name = {{Lang|pt|Abade José Custódio de Faria}}
| image = ABBE FARIA.jpg
| caption = Statue of Faria next to the Old Secretariat in [[Panaji]], [[India]].
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1756|5|31|df=yes}}
| birth_name = José Custódio de Faria
| birth_place = [[Candolim]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1819|9|20|1756|5|31|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Montmartre]], [[Paris]], [[Kingdom of France]]
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| monuments =
| other_names =
| education =
| website = {{URL|abbefaria.com}}
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Catholic priest
| known_for = Scientific study of [[Hypnosis|hypnotism]]
| notable_works = ''Da Causa do Sono Lúcido no Estudo da Natureza do Homem''
}}

'''[[Abbé]] Faria''' ({{Langx|pt|'''Abade Faria'''}}) (born '''José Custódio de Faria'''; 31 May 1756 – 20 September 1819) was a Portuguese [[Catholic priest]] who was one of the pioneers of the [[Science|scientific study]] of [[hypnotism]], following on from the work of [[Franz Mesmer]]. Unlike Mesmer, who claimed that hypnosis was mediated by "[[animal magnetism]]", Faria understood that it worked purely by the power of [[suggestion]]. In the early 19th century, Abbé Faria introduced [[oriental hypnosis]] to [[Paris]].

Faria was one of the first to depart from the theory of the "magnetic fluid", to place in relief the importance of suggestion, and to demonstrate the existence of "[[autosuggestion]]"; he also established that what he termed ''nervous sleep'' belongs to the natural order. From his earliest [[magnet therapy|magnetizing]] [[séance]]s, in 1814, he boldly developed his doctrine. Nothing comes from the magnetizer; everything comes from the subject and takes place in his [[imagination]] generated from within the mind. Magnetism is only a form of [[sleep]]. Although of the moral order, the magnetic action is often aided by physical, or rather by physiological, means–fixedness of look and cerebral fatigue.

Faria changed the terminology of mesmerism. Previously, the focus was on the "concentration" of the subject. In Faria's terminology the operator became "the concentrator" and [[somnambulism]] was viewed as a lucid sleep. The method of hypnosis used by Faria is command, following expectancy. The theory of Abbé Faria is now known as '''Fariism'''. Later, [[Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault]] (1864–1904), the founder of the [[Nancy School]], and [[Émile Coué]] (1857–1926), father of applied [[Classical conditioning|conditioning]], developed the theory of [[suggestion]] and [[autosuggestion]] and began using them as therapeutic tools. [[Johannes Heinrich Schultz|Johannes Schultz]] developed these theories as [[Autogenic training]].

==Early life==
José Custódio de Faria was born in [[Candolim]], [[Bardes]] ''[[concelho]]'' in the erstwhile territory of [[Portuguese India|Portuguese Goa]], on 31 May 1756. He was the son of Caetano Vitorino de Faria of [[Colvale]], and Rosa Maria de Sousa of [[Candolim]]. He also had an adopted sister, Catarina who was an orphan. Caetano was in turn a descendant of Anantha [[Shenoy]], a [[Goud Saraswat Brahmin]] (GSB), village clerk and [[Patil (title)|Patil]] of the same village who converted to Christianity in 1583.<ref>Indian Journal of Psychiatry, Volume 16, 1974, University of California, p. 307</ref> He was a [[Goan Catholic]] of the ''[[Roman Catholic Brahmin|Bamonn]]'' caste,<ref>[http://www.abbefaria.com/Abbe%20Faria%20Conspiracy.htm ABBÉ FARIA and the CONSPIRACY of 1787] – Prof. Alfredo de Mello, Abbefaria.com, "Caetano Victorino de Faria, a Brahmin Christian, born in Colvale, in the north of Bardez district, just on the south bank of the river Chapora, devoted himself to ecclesiastical studies when young."</ref><ref name="Bradnock">Robert Bradnock, Roma Bradnock, ''Footprint Goa Handbook: The Travel Guide'', Footprint Travel Guides, 2002, {{ISBN|978-1-903471-22-7}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=pWAnvOJD1qwC&pg=PA57 Google Print, p. 57] "Abbé José Custodio Faria was born on May 30, 1756, in Candolim, just inland of Calangute. His family claimed descent from Brahmins in Colvale, but his parents separated after his birth, his mother becoming a nun and his father a priest."</ref> and was also of partial European and African maternal descent.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pearson|first=M. N. |title=The Portuguese in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8XLPnkqwzDYC|date=2 November 2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-02850-9}}</ref>

Since his parents fought all the time, they decided to separate and obtained the Church's dispensation. Caetano Vitorino joined the [[seminary]] to study for the [[priest]]hood (he had already taken lower orders before his marriage). Rosa Maria became a [[nun]], joining the St. Monica Convent in [[Old Goa]].

==Move to Lisbon==
Faria's father, Caetano, had great ambition for himself and his son. Hence, Faria reached [[Lisbon]], [[Kingdom of Portugal]] on, 23 December 1771 with his father at the age of 15. After a year they managed to convince the [[List of Portuguese monarchs|King of Portugal]], [[Joseph I of Portugal|Joseph I]], to send them to [[Rome]] for Faria Sr. to earn a [[doctorate]] in [[theology]], and the son to pursue his studies for the [[Clergy|priesthood]].

Eventually, the son too earned his doctorate, dedicating his [[Doctor of Philosophy|doctoral thesis]] to the Portuguese Queen, [[Mary I of Portugal]], and another study, on the [[Holy Spirit in Christianity|Holy Spirit]] to the [[Pope]]. Apparently the pope was sufficiently impressed to invite José Custódio to preach a [[sermon]] in the [[Sistine Chapel]], which he himself attended.

On his return to Lisbon, the Queen was informed by the [[Nuncio]] of the Pope's honour to Faria Jr. So, she too invited the young priest to preach to her as well, in her chapel. But Faria, climbing the pulpit, and seeing the august assembly felt tongue tied. At that moment his father, who sat below the pulpit, whispered to him in [[Konkani language|Konkani]]: ''Hi sogli baji; cator re baji'' (they are all [[vegetables]], cut the vegetables). Jolted, the son lost his fear and preached fluently.

Faria Jr., from then on, often wondered how a mere phrase from his father could alter his state of mind so radically as to wipe off his stage fright in a second. The question would have far reaching consequences in his life.

==Participation in Pinto Revolt==
Faria was implicated in the [[Conspiracy of the Pintos]] during 1787, and left for France in 1788. He stayed in [[Paris]] residing at Rue de Ponceau.{{cn|date=May 2025}}

==Later years in France==
In Paris, Faria became a leader of one of the [[French Revolution|revolutionary battalions]] in 1795, taking command of one of the sections of the infamous ''10 of the [[Vendémiaire]]'', which attacked the [[National Convention|French Convention]], taking an active part in its fall. As a result, he established links with individuals like [[François-René de Chateaubriand|Chateaubriand]], the [[Marquis de Custine]]. He was also a friend of [[Armand-Marie-Jacques de Chastenet, Marques of Puységur]] (a disciple of [[Franz Anton Mesmer]]), to whom he dedicated his book ''Causas do Sono Lúcido'' ("On the Causes of Lucid Sleep").

In 1811, he was appointed [[Professor]] of [[Philosophy]] at the [[List of universities in France|University of France]] at [[Nîmes]], and was elected member of the ''Société Medicale de Marseille'' at Marseille.

In 1813, Faria realised that [[animal magnetism]] was gaining importance in Paris and returned to Paris and started promoting a new doctrine. He provoked unending controversies with his work ''Da Causa do Sono Lúcido no Estudo da Natureza do Homem'' (On the cause of Lucid Sleep in the Study of the Nature of Man), published in Paris in 1819 and was soon accused of being a charlatan.

He retired as [[chaplain]] to an obscure religious establishment, and died of a stroke in Paris on 30 September 1819. He left behind no addresses {{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} and his grave remains unmarked and unknown, somewhere in [[Montmartre]].

==Legacy==
[[File:AbaDeFaria.JPG|thumb|Statue of Faria at [[Panjim]], Goa]]
There is a [[bronze]] statue of Faria trying to hypnotise a woman in central [[Panjim]], [[Goa]], India (next to the former [[Government of Goa|Government Secretariat]] or [[Idalcão]] palace). It was sculpted in 1945 by [[Ramchandra Pandurang Kamat]] or earlier by Constâncio Fernandes.<ref>{{cite book |title=Reflected in Water |editor-last=Pinto |editor-first=Jerry |authorlink=Jerry Pinto |publisher=Penguin Books India |year=2006 |isbn=978-0143100812 }}</ref> Portugal commemorated the 250th anniversary of Faria's birth in May 2006 by releasing a postcard and stamp (featuring his statue in Panjim, India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABBE FARIA |url=http://www.abbefaria.com/index2.htm |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=www.abbefaria.com}}</ref> A street in the [[Areeiro, Lisbon|Areeiro]] zone of Lisbon is also named in his honour.

An authentic caricature of him is preserved in the National Library of Paris.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Mundo Goa|publisher=Singbal's book house|year=2014|editor-last=Britto|editor-first=Nigel|location=Goa|editor2-last=Menezes|editor2-first=Vivek}}</ref> A prominent thoroughfare in the city of [[Margao]] in Goa, India is named ''Rua Abade Faria'' (Abbé Faria Street) in his honour.<ref>{{cite web |title=Great Goans: Abbé Faria (1756 – 1819) |url=https://www.veenapatwardhan.com/greatgoansabbefaria17561819.html |website=Veena Patwardhan}}</ref> On this street, there was an educational institution called ''Instituto Abade Faria'' which imparted Portuguese language secondary school education known as "Lyceum studies", consisting of First Year to Fifth Year classes. It ceased to function after the [[liberation of Goa]].

French novelist [[Alexandre Dumas]]' 1844 novel ''[[The Count of Monte Cristo]]'' features a prominent character named [[Abbé Faria (The Count of Monte Cristo)|Abbé Faria]], who was imprisoned in the [[Château d'If]] in solitary confinement, and he learned a certain self-control while imprisoned. Otherwise, the character does not have a strong resemblance to his historical analogue.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CMN |title=History of the château d'If - CMN |url=https://www.chateau-if.fr/en/discover/history-of-the-chateau-d-if |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=www.chateau-if.fr |language=en-GB}}</ref>

''Abbé Faria'', a play by Indian writer [[Asif Currimbhoy]], dramatizes Faria's life and views as a revolutionary priest and premier hypnotist. It was published by Writers Workshop.<ref>{{cite book |title=Abbe Faria |first=Asif |last=Currimbhoy |work=Writers Workshop |location=Calcutta |url=https://openlibrary.org/b/OL1056393M/Abbe_Faria |isbn=978-8171894413 |year=1992 }}</ref> [[Jaime Valfredo Rangel]] presented a paper in tribute of his 200th birth anniversary to the [[List of governors of Portuguese India|Governor of Portuguese India]], [[Paulo Bernard Guedes]].

The Institute of Clinical Hypnosis and Counselling was established in the Indian state of [[Kerala]] as a memorial to Faria.

''Kator Re Bhaji'', is a play was written and directed by [[Isabel de Santa Rita Vas]] and performed by the Mustard Seed Art Company, an [[Indian theatre]] troupe from Goa, which celebrated the 250th anniversary of Faria's birth.<ref>
{{Citation | first = Lee | last = Siegel | author-link = Lee Siegel (professor and novelist | title = Trance-Migrations: Stories of India, Tales of Hypnosis| place = Chicago | publisher = The University of Chicago Press | year = 2014| page = 103| isbn = 9780226185323| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=nC-OBAAAQBAJ&q=Trance-Migrations:+Stories+of+India,+Tales+of+Hypnosis}}</ref> Laurent Carrer included the first English translation of Faria's single tome, originally written in French as ''De la cause du sommeil lucide ou Etude de la nature de l’homme'' (''On the Cause of Lucid Sleep or Study On The Nature of Man'') in his 2004 ''José Custódio de Faria: Hypnotist, Priest and Revolutionary''.

==Further reading==
# [[Egas Moniz|Moniz, A. Egas]], ''O Padre Faria na história do hipnotismo'' (Abbé Faria in the history of hypnotism), [[Lisbon]]: Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1925.
# Dalgado, D.G., ''Memoire sur la vie de l'Abbé Faria'', Paris, 1906.
# Charles. J. Borges, ''Goa and the revolt of 1787''.
# [https://www.pnl-nlp.org/download/faria/ Digitised copy of Abbé Faria's original manuscript "De la cause du sommeil lucide"] (original version in French) – Preface by D.G. Dalgado – Paris 1906 – courtesy of Dr. Paret. A copiously annotated English translation of this work, including Dalgado's preface, can be found in Laurent Carrer's "[https://www.amazon.com/translated-annotated-Translated-Pioneers-Hypnosis-ebook/dp/B098RBTGT7/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=Abbe+faria&qid=1625778891&s=digital-text&sr=1-1 On the Cause of Lucid Sleep]," now available as a Kindle eBook on Amazon.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090207033726/http://www.colaco.net/AbeFaria.htm Commemorative postcard], honouring the Abbé's 250th Anniversary.
* [http://www.abbefaria.com Tribute website].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090401163854/http://ww1.rtp.pt/multimedia/index.php?tvprog=20155 Short documentary].
* [https://archive.org/stream/marvelsbeyondsci00grasrich/marvelsbeyondsci00grasrich_djvu.txt Marvels Beyond Science].

{{The Count of Monte Cristo}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Faria, Abbe}}
[[Category:1756 births]]
[[Category:1819 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century French Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:18th-century Portuguese Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:19th-century French Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Catholic Church in popular culture]]
[[Category:French hypnotists]]
[[Category:Goan Catholics]]
[[Category:Konkani people]]
[[Category:People from North Goa district]]
[[Category:People of the French Revolution]]
[[Category:Portuguese people of Goan descent]]
[[Category:Scholars from Goa]]
[[Category:Scientists from Goa]]
[[Category:Catholic clergy scientists]]

Pandita Vihara

2026-03-28T23:23:26Z

Robertoson: Made new stub - done

{{Short description|Ancient Buddhist vihara}}{{Infobox ancient site
| name = Pondit Bihar
| native_name = পণ্ডিত বিহার
| native_name_lang = bn
| alternate_name = Pondit Bihar University
| map_type = Bangladesh
| map_caption = Location of Pondit Bihar in [[Bangladesh]]
| coordinates = {{coord|22.2236|91.8625|display=inline,title}}
| map_dot_label = Pandita Vihara
| location = Deyang Hill, [[Anwara Upazila]], [[Chattogram]]
| region = [[East Bengal]] (present-day [[Bangladesh]])
| type = [[Bihār]]
| built = 8th century CE
| abandoned = Likely 17th century CE
| epochs = 8th–13th century CE
| cultures = [[Tantric Buddhism]]
| dependency_of =
| occupants = [[List of modern scholars in Buddhist studies|Buddhist scholers]], [[monks]]
| event = Decline due to regional conflicts
| discovered = Artifacts found in 1927 CE
| notes = Proposed for reestablishment
| mapframe = yes
}}
'''Pondit Bihar''' or '''Pandita Bihar University''' was an ancient university of the [[Indian subcontinent]] established in the 8th century CE in [[East Bengal|eastern Bengal]] (present-day [[Bangladesh]]), in [[Chittagong|Chattogram]], and it is now completely extinct.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Uddin |first=Jamal |title= |publisher=Balaka Publications |year=2009 |edition=1st |location=[[Chattogram]] |language=bn |script-title=bn:চট্টগ্রামের ইতিহাস, জনবসতি, নামকরণের যৌক্তিকতা, কাল নির্ণয় ও পণ্ডিতবিহার বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় (গবেষণা গ্রন্থ) |trans-title=The History of Chattogram, Settlement, Logic of Naming, Chronology, and Pondit Bihar University (Research Book)}}</ref> This [[Bihār|Bihar]] was essentially an educational institution similar to [[Nalanda University]], which operated as a center for teaching and propagating [[Vajrayana|Tantric Buddhism]] in eastern Bengal.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Malek |first=MA |date=November 1955 |editor-last=Khaled |editor-first=Mohammad |title= |script-title=bn:হাজার বছরের চট্টগ্রাম |work=[[Dainik Azadi]] |language=bn |edition=1st}}</ref> During a conflict in the 13th century, Nalanda Vihara in [[Bihar]] was destroyed, and many eastern Buddhist scholar communities later took refuge in Pondit Bihar. Atiśa Dīpaṅkara Śrījñāna, a [[Bhikkhu|Buddhist monk]] and missionary of the [[Pala Empire
]], stayed and studied for some time at Pondit Bihar.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Uddin |first=Jamal |date=12 January 2012 |title= |script-title=bn:চট্টগ্রাম পণ্ডিতবিহার বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় প্রতিষ্ঠা |work=[[Samakal]]}}</ref>

The professors at Pondit Bihar, along with their teaching, studies, and yogic practices, also composed songs and ''dohas'' during their leisure time, which later gained recognition as ''[[Charyapada]]'', the earliest known work of [[Bengali language]] and poetry.<ref name=":1" /> Before and after Pondit Bihar, and until approximately the mid-18th century, the name of no other educational institution is found in history.<ref name=":0" />

== Location ==
There are various prevailing opinions regarding the location of Pondit Bihar. According to some discovered memorial artifacts, [[Tibet]] and [[Culture of Buddhism|Buddhist culture]] expert [[Sarat Chandra Das]] and other scholars and researchers have speculated that in the 8th century, the university was located on the hill adjacent to the present-day General Hospital in [[Chattogram City Corporation|Chattogram city]]. According to many, it is assumed that the university was situated either at Chakrashala in [[Patiya Upazila]] of [[Chittagong|Chattogram]] or in the southern part of Deyang Hill in the villages of Jhiuri and Hajigaon in [[Anwara Upazila]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Uddin |first=Jamal |date=2016-04-12 |title= |script-title=bn:ভারতবর্ষে বৌদ্ধধর্মের প্রসার ও বিলুপ্তির ইতিহাস - নির্বাণা |url=http://nirvanapeace.com/history-heritage/bangladeshi-history-heritage/778 |access-date=2025-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412014226/http://nirvanapeace.com/history-heritage/bangladeshi-history-heritage/778 |archive-date=12 April 2016 }}</ref> Others believe it was located on [[Chandranath Hill]] in [[Sitakunda Upazila]]. However, based on most opinions, there is much evidence and data suggesting that the university was located on Deyang Hill. In February 1927 CE, 66 [[brass]] [[Buddha in art|Buddha statues]] were discovered at the border of the villages of Jhiuri and Hajigaon on Deyang Hill in Anwara, which confirms evidence of the university's presence at this site.<ref name=":1" />

== History and decline ==
The principal of Pondit Bihar was Tilopa, a Brahmin son residing in Chakrashala, [[Patiya Upazila|Patiya]]. Regarding the origin of the name "Tilopa," it is known that during his Hindu life, his yogic companion earned a living by grinding sesame seeds (''til''), and thus he adopted the name Tilopa. Later, after embracing [[Vajrayana|Tantric Buddhism]], he took the name Prajñabhadra and was appointed principal of Pandita Vihara. The chief [[Acharya|ācārya]] of [[Magadha]], [[Naropa]], received initiation from Prajñabhadra at Podit Bihar. Buddhist ''siddhācāryas'' and scholars such as [[Luipada|Luipa]], [[Shavaripa]], Lāripa, [[Natha Sampradaya|Avadhūtapa]], Amoghānātha, Dharmashrī, Maina, Buddhajñānapāda, and Anangavajra came to Pondit Bihar either as visitors or as professors. Researchers speculate that the name ''Pondit Bihar'' possibly originated from the gathering of various Buddhist scholars (''[[Pondit (Buddhism)|Ponditas]]'') at this monastery.<ref name=":0" />

The cause of Pondit Bihar's decline is not known. It is believed that the university existed in the 8th century CE. In 1059 CE, after the King [[Anawrahta|Anoratha]] of [[Myanmar|Burma]] conquered [[Chittagong|Chattogram]] and Pattikara, he abolished the prevailing Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition and began promoting the Hīnayāna or Theravāda sect. Later, in 1230 CE, the Buddhist king of [[Samatata]], Damodar Deva (reigned 1230–1253 CE), conquered Pattikara along with Chattogram and ruled the region until 1253 CE. Historically, it is known that during the reign of King Damodar Deva, Pandita Vihara still existed in a flourishing state.<ref name=":1" />

In the later century, in 1340 CE, the general Kadalkhan Gazi of Sonargaon’s Sultan [[Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah]] (reigned 1338–1350 CE) expelled the [[Rakhine people|Arakanese]] from the Chattogram region and brought Chattogram under Muslim rule for the first time. Until 1580 CE, Chattogram remained under the rule of the independent Sultans and Afghan rulers of Bengal. It is assumed that during this period, the condition of Pondit Bihar became miserable. According to historical sources from Arakan, during that time, the kings of Arakan at times temporarily, and at times for extended periods, held control and governed the Chattogram region. In 1580 CE, the Arakanese king Min Phalaung defeated Afghan military ruler Jamal Khan Panni and annexed the entire Chattogram region into the Arakan kingdom. From that time until 27 January 1666 CE, Chattogram remained part of the Arakan kingdom. Historians believe that Pondit Bihar continued to exist even during this period. In 1666 CE, the Subahdar of Bengal, Shaista Khan, assigned his son [[Buzurg Umed Khan]] as his chief commander and sent him on an expedition to the Chattogram region. On 27 January 1666 CE, the Mughal soldiers captured the Chatigaon fort in Anwara Upazila and expelled the Maghs. During these battles, the ancient port town of Deyang in Chattogram was damaged, and it is assumed that as a result of this and the passage of time, Pandita Vihara eventually ceased to exist.<ref name=":1" />

== Reestablishment ==
In 2012, a special delegation from the [[University Grants Commission of Bangladesh|University Grants Commission]] conducted an on-site visit to the historical ruins of Pondit Bihar on Deyang Hill in Anwara. It has been decided that the university will be reestablished on approximately one hundred and fifty acres of hilly land, primarily funded jointly by China, Japan, Thailand, and Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hossain |first=Morshed |date=22 January 2012 |title= |script-title=bn:আন্তর্জাতিক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় হচ্ছে আনোয়ারায় |url=https://archive.prothom-alo.com/detail/news/215250 |url-status= |archive-url= |access-date=19 August 2016 |work=[[Prothom Alo]]}}</ref>

==Revival efforts==
During her 2010 visit to China, Prime Minister [[Sheikh Hasina]] proposed reviving the ancient university as International Pondit University, following the footsteps of the revival of the ancient [[Nalanda University]] in India. As of 2016, the concept was still stalled due to lack of funding.<ref name="ds29Jun2016">{{cite news |author=Prabir Barua Chowdhury |title=Historic university lost in time |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/historic-university-lost-time-1247437 |work=The Daily Star |date=29 June 2016 |access-date=2016-11-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buddhismandaustralia.com/ba/index.php/Pandita_Vihar_:_The_Old_University_of_Chittagong_by_Venerable_Dr._Jinabodhi_Bhikkhu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815054945/http://www.buddhismandaustralia.com/ba/index.php/Pondit_Bihar_:_The_Old_University_of_Chittagong_by_Venerable_Dr._Jinabodhi_Bhikkhu |url-status=usurped |archive-date=August 15, 2016 |title=Pondit Bihar : The Old University of Chittagong by Venerable Dr. Jinabodhi Bhikkhu |publisher=Buddhism and Australia |date=2015-03-23 |accessdate=2016-11-18}}</ref>

== Further reading ==

* {{Cite book |last=Uddin |first=Jamal |title= |publisher=Balaka Publications |year=2009 |edition=1st |location=[[Chattogram]] |language=bn |script-title=bn:চট্টগ্রামের ইতিহাস, জনবসতি, নামকরণের যৌক্তিকতা, কাল নির্ণয় ও পণ্ডিতবিহার বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় (গবেষণা গ্রন্থ) |trans-title=The History of Chattogram, Settlement, Logic of Naming, Chronology, and Pandita Vihara University (Research Book)}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ancient Dharmic centres of Higher Learning}}
{{Non-extant Bengal places}}
{{Buddhism topics}}

[[Category:9th-century Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:Buddhist monasteries in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Ancient universities of the Indian subcontinent]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Former populated places in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Buddhist holy sites in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Medieval Indian universities]]
[[Category:Buddhist universities and colleges]]
[[Category:History of education in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Chittagong Division]]
[[Category:Defunct universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Buddhist architecture]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in the 8th century]]
[[Category:8th-century establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:History of Buddhism in Bangladesh]]

Oru Oorla Rendu Raja

2026-03-25T18:48:10Z

Robertoson: Made stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Oru Oorla Rendu Raja
| image = Oru_Oorla_Rendu_Raja_film_poster.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[R. Kannan]]
| producer = [[S. Michael Rayappan]] M. Sheraphin Xavier R. Kannan
| writer = R. Kannan
| story = R. Kannan
| screenplay = R. Kannan
| starring = [[Vimal (actor)|Vimal]] [[Priya Anand]] [[Soori (actor)|Soori]]
| music = [[D. Imman]]
| cinematography = [[P. G. Muthiah]]
| editing = [[Sathish Suriya]]
| studio = Kannan Pix
| distributor = Global Infotainment
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|11|7}}
| runtime = 132 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross =
}}
'''''Oru Oorla Rendu Raja''''' ({{translation|''Two kings in a town''}}) is a 2014 Indian Tamil-language [[comedy film]] written and directed by [[R. Kannan]] and produced by [[S. Michael Rayappan]]. The film stars [[Vimal (actor)|Vimal]], [[Priya Anand]] and [[Soori (actor)|Soori]], while [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[Anupama Kumar]] and [[Thambi Ramaiah]] form the supporting cast and [[D. Imman]] composes the film's music. The film was released on 7 November 2014.

==Plot==
Azhagu ([[Vimal (actor)|Vimal]]) and Mike ([[Soori (actor)|Soori]]) are thick friends and happy-go-lucky jobless youths who just roam around doing nothing. They meet Priya ([[Priya Anand]]) in a train while trying to escape from a few goons who were chasing them for a reason. Initially, they take Priya for a prostitute but later understand that she is a doctor. Azhagu falls for her immediately and decides that he should become an engineer so that he can marry her. Priya is saved by Azhagu from a man who tries to kill her. Azhagu then listens to her story.

Priya had a friend named Kalpana ([[Vishakha Singh]]), who was from a village where Priya went for a medical camp. There, she learns that the people of that village are affected by potential cancer and other effects due to the steel factory owned by Selva Vinayagam ([[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]). Priya enters the company with the help of Kalpana, who works there. Priya gathers proof and talks with Selva to provide safety equipment to the workers so that no one gets affected further. However, Selva denies and insults Priya, who leaves the place. Back in the factory, Kalpana operates a costly machine and unfortunately gets her hand stuck in it, resulting in huge blood loss. Priya begs the owners to dismantle the machine so that Kalpana can be saved, but the owners are reluctant, and Kalpana dies as a result. Priya decides to sue the company and files a case against them. The case is being heard the next day, and if Priya makes it to court, the company will lose the case. She is being targeted by Selva's men. How Azhagu and Mike help Priya escape the goons and whether they help her win the case forms the rest of the story.

The story is centered on a factory in Kayalpattinam (Thoothukudi) which explores the safety of laborers in factories being at jeopardy. It was a noble effort by Kannan to have raised an awareness and caution to incorporate safety standards in order to avoid any untoward incident that may harm the laborers' lives and lifestyle through this film. After the film's release, one of the most fatal incidents due to oversight in the industrial safety measures happened at Ranipet Sipcot industrial estate in Vellore district when a tank of an effluent treatment plant collapsed on the compound wall of an adjacent factory where the employees were present. 10 workers died as a result of this incident.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Vimal (actor)|Vimal]] as Azhagu
* [[Priya Anand]] as Priya
* [[Soori (actor)|Soori]] as Michael (Mike)
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Selva Vinayagam
* [[Anupama Kumar]] as Selva's wife
* [[Thambi Ramaiah]] as Good Samaritan
* [[Bala Singh]] as Priya's father
* [[Singamuthu]] as Train Passenger
* [[George Maryan]] as Factory Worker
* [[Stunt Silva]] as Contract Killer
* Sasha as Valarmathy
* [[Kalairani]] as Valarmathy's grandmother
* [[E. Ramdoss]]
* [[Pondy Ravi]] as Police Officer
* Narendra Khatri as Railway Policeman
* Jenny
* Gauthami
* Theni Murugan
* [[Supergood Subramani]]
* [[Vishakha Singh]] as Kalpana (Guest appearance)
* Kamala Krishnaswamy as Kalpana's mother
* [[Ineya]] as [[Item girl]]
{{colend}}

==Production==
After the release of his previous directorial ''[[Settai (2013 film)|Settai]]'', [[R. Kannan]] was approached to direct ''[[Vallavanukku Pullum Aayudham]]'', but Kannan opted out of the film as he was unhappy on first copy production agreement,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Santhanam-teams-up-with-Srinath/articleshow/18623599.cms |title=Santhanam teams up with Srinath |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227081612/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-22/news-interviews/37241440_1_santhanam-srinath-kannan |archive-date=27 February 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> he then announced that his next directorial would have [[Karthi]] in lead role titled "Alangaram" but the project got shelved. In early November 2013, Kannan announced that his next venture would feature [[Vimal (actor)|Vimal]] in the lead role and would be produced by [[S. Michael Rayappan]]. Kannan revealed that the film will have a rural background with Vimal playing an educated youth from a farming family and the troubles he gets into due to his energetic nature.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vimal-joins-with-kannan-news-tamil-nlbjyggjhgc.html |title=Vimal joins with Kannan |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104104831/http://www.sify.com/movies/vimal-joins-with-kannan-news-tamil-nlbjyggjhgc.html |archive-date=4 November 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Later in that month, [[Priya Anand]] was signed on to play an "educated girl who hails from Madurai", with [[Sathish]] also added to the cast.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-13/priya-anand-is-the-female-lead-in-director-kannans-movie-starring-vemal-aka-vimal.html|title = Priya Anand is the female lead in director Kannan's movie starring Vemal (Aka) Vimal}}</ref> Filming started in December 2013 on a train, with a photo shoot also being held with the three actors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-13/the-photo-shoot-of-the-upcoming-movie-directed-by-kannan-happened-yesterday.html|title = The photo shoot of the upcoming movie directed by Kannan happened yesterday}}</ref>

The team had revealed that they had registered two potential titles for the film, ''Sakkarai'' and ''Kaadhal Konjam Kammi'', but opted to go with the latter as they felt the former may have created confusion with a Tamil film that had released earlier, ''[[Sakkarakatti]]'' (2008).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/the-title-options-for-the-priya-anand-vemal-film-directed-by-kannan.html|title=The title options for the Priya Anand - Vemal film directed by Kannan}}</ref> In a significant change, [[Soori (actor)|Soori]] was signed on to replace Sathish in the supporting role and subsequently the team chose to rename the film as ''Oru Oorla Rendu Raja'', to make most of Soori's presence in the venture.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/vemal-priya-anand-starrer-sakkarai-renamed-as-oru-oorla-rendu-raja.html|title = Vemal-Priya Anand starrer Sakkarai renamed as Oru Oorla Rendu Raja}}</ref> Malaysian Tamil actress Shasha Sri who had done small roles in films like ''[[Kanden Kadhalai]]'' and ''[[Paiyaa]]'' accepted to play the role a "bubbly village belle" opposite Soori.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140316/entertainment-kollywood/article/shasha-sri-gets-break-soori|title = Shasha Sri gets a break with Soori|date = 16 March 2014}}</ref> In April, director Kannan said that [[Vishakha Singh]], who acted alongside Priya Anand in ''[[Fukrey]]'' (2013), had been signed for an important role in the film, albeit a cameo role.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Vishakhas-special-role-in-Kannans-film/articleshow/33909691.cms|title=Vishakha's special role in Kannan's film|website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> [[Ineya]] was selected to dance for a special number in the film, after talks with [[Sunny Leone]] and [[Neetu Chandra]] were unsuccessful.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Ineya-to-do-what-Sunny-Leone-couldnt/articleshow/38428767.cms|title = Ineya to do what Sunny Leone couldn't!| website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The film's music was composed by [[D. Imman]] collaborating for first time with director Kannan. Actress [[Lakshmi Menon (actress)|Lakshmi Menon]] made her debut as playback singer with this project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/lakshmi-menon-turns-singer-for-oru-oorla-/96594/story.htm|title = Lakshmi Menon turns singer for Oru Oorla}}</ref>
{{Infobox album
| name = Oru Oorla Rendu Raja
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[D. Imman]]

| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2014
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = Tamil
| label = [[Sony Music India|Sony Music]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Jeeva (2014 film)|Jeeva]]
| prev_year = 2014
| next_title = [[Kayal (film)|Kayal]]
| next_year = 2014
}}
{|class ="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Songs !! Singers !! Lyricist
|-
| "Kukkuru Kukkuru" || [[Sathyan Mahalingam|Sathyan]], [[Lakshmi Menon (actress)|Lakshmi Menon]] || Eknaath
|-
| "Mazhakaatha" || [[Haricharan]], [[Vandana Srinivasan]], [[Maria Roe Vincent]] || [[Yugabharathi]]
|-
| "Odum Rail" || [[Abhay Jodhpurkar]] || Yugabharathi
|-
| "Oru Oorla" || [[MK Balaji]], Jayamoorthy|| Yugabharathi
|-
| "Sundari Penne" || [[Shreya Ghoshal]] || Yugabharathi
|}

==Release==
The satellite rights of the film were sold to [[Polimer TV|Polimer]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.intalkies.co.in/2015/11/09/polimer-tv-diwali-2015-special-programs-online-youtube-10-november-2015-10112015-deepavali-sirappu-nigalchigal-polimer-tv/ |title=Polimer Tv Diwali 2015 Special Programs Online Youtube 10-November-2015, 10/11/2015 Deepavali Sirappu Nigalchigal Polimer Tv |publisher=Intalkies |date=9 November 2015 |access-date=9 November 2015 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116181243/http://www.intalkies.co.in/2015/11/09/polimer-tv-diwali-2015-special-programs-online-youtube-10-november-2015-10112015-deepavali-sirappu-nigalchigal-polimer-tv/ |archive-date=16 January 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Critical reception==
[[The Hindu]] wrote, "The film arrives close on the heels of ''Kaththi'' with its anti-corporation sentiment. To make the package look more appealing, the film has a love angle, a comedy track, and duets, unconvincing, unfunny, and pace-hampering, respectively...the crux of the film, is sandwiched between so many bad comedy set pieces that you can't help but be disappointed, as you'd be when you bite through the flaky crust of a chicken puff to discover that it contains very little meat inside", summing up that "''Oru Oorla Rendu Raja'' is that inefficient employee in the company you are uncomfortable about firing because he is such a well-meaning fellow otherwise".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/oru-oorla-rendu-raja-a-mess-of-a-message/article6574444.ece|title=Oru Oorla Rendu Raja: A mess of a message|newspaper=The Hindu|date=7 November 2014|last1=Srinivasan|first1=Sudhir}}</ref> [[The Times of India]] gave the film 2.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, "''Oru Oorula Rendu Raja'' wants to be a well intentioned message movie but sadly, the message is lost because of the lack of focus in the script. Kannan wants to give us a comedy as well and that dilutes the seriousness of the plot".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Oru-Oorula-Rendu-Raja/movie-review/45072473.cms|title = Oru Oorula Rendu Raja Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Oru Oorula Rendu Raja by Times of India| website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> [[The New Indian Express]] wrote, "''Oru Oorla Rendu Raja'', though scripted by him (Kannan), gives a sense of déjâ vu throughout...The film maintains a light tone throughout, even when the situation demands a more serious approach. With a weak villain and a pair of unlikely heroes, ''Oru Oorule...'' lacks the punch and fritz to make it a riveting road journey for a cause".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/A-Road-Journey-Without-a-Cause/2014/11/08/article2512335.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112155229/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/A-Road-Journey-Without-a-Cause/2014/11/08/article2512335.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 November 2014|title = A Road Journey Without a Cause}}</ref>

[[Deccan Chronicle]] gave 2.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, "the film fails to impress because of a lacklustre script and screenplay. OORR portrays a cause worth fighting for, but it lacks that knack which good teachers have, which is to teach uninteresting concepts in an exciting manner. It can be enjoyed only in parts".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141108/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-oru-oorla-rendu-raja-fails-impress|title=Movie review 'Oru Oorla Rendu Raja': Fails to impress|date=8 November 2014}}</ref> [[Rediff]] gave 1.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, "The film does have an interesting plot, but the director's weakly-sketched characters fail to make any impact despite the gravity of the situation. The hackneyed climax, lackluster performances, tiresome comedy, unexciting music coupled with the director's inept execution makes ''Oru Oorla Rendu Raja'' a total waste of time".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-oru-oorla-rendu-raja-is-a-waste-of-time-south/20141107.htm|title = Review: Oru Oorla Rendu Raja is a waste of time}}</ref> [[Sify]] wrote, "''Oru Oorla Rendu Raja'' is old wine in new bottle. It's a story that has been told a hundred times, this time with new set of actors. Kannan must have written his script on the sets and changed it according to the packaging".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/review-oru-oorla-rendu-raja-review-tamil-15058575.html |title=Movie Review : Review: Oru Oorla Rendu Raja |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111015428/http://www.sify.com/movies/review-oru-oorla-rendu-raja-review-tamil-15058575.html |archive-date=11 November 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Indiaglitz gave it 1.5 out of 5 and called it "A spiritless commercial movie made with a tinge of social message to convince the viewers that there is something called story in it".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/Oru-Oorla-Rendu-Raja-tamil-movie-review-18486|title = Oru Oorla Rendu Raja review. Oru Oorla Rendu Raja Tamil movie review, story, rating}}</ref> [[Cinemalead]] gave a 2 out of 5 and wrote," One city two kings. One review two stars."<ref>[http://cinemalead.com/moviereview-id-oru-oorla-rendu-raja-movie-review--oorr-movie-review--oru-oorla-rendu-raja-film-review--review382.htm Review at Cinemalead]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|4047132}}
{{R. Kannan}}

[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2010s comedy road movies]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2014 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by D. Imman]]
[[Category:Indian comedy road movies]]
[[Category:Films set on trains]]
[[Category:Films set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by R. Kannan]]

Srimathi Kalyanam

2026-03-21T01:24:59Z

Robertoson: Adding new details!

{{short description|Indian romantic drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Srimathi Kalyanam
| image = Srimathi Kalyanam.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = Sival
| writer = Sival
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Bhanu Kiran P.
| starring = [[Vadde Naveen]] [[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeetha]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Sri Venkat
| editing = Nandamuri Hari
| music = [[Sai Karthik]]
| studio = Super Growing Movie Creations
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2010|4|2|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Srimathi Kalyanam''''' ({{Translation|The marriage of a married woman}}) is a 2010 Indian [[romantic drama film]] directed by Sival and starring [[Vadde Naveen]] and [[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeetha]].<ref name="N">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2009/Sep/21/srimati-kalyanam-is-about-life-of-women-88216.html|title=‘Srimati Kalyanam’ is about life of women|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=21 September 2009|access-date=5 November 2025|agency=Sampurn Media}}</ref>

==Cast==
''Source''<ref name="I">{{Cite web|url=https://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/srimatikalyanam-details.html|title=Srimathi Kalyanam on 2 April|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=20 March 2010|access-date=5 November 2025}}</ref>
{{Cast listing|
*[[Vadde Naveen]] as Kalyan
*[[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeetha]] as Swetha and Sita
*[[Sudha (actress)|Sudha]]
*[[Hema (actress)|Hema]]
*[[Chalapathi Rao]]
*[[L. B. Sriram]]
*[[Duvvasi Mohan]]
*Vijay Ranga Raju
*P. D. Raju
*K. K. Sharma
*[[Surya (Telugu actor)|Surya]]
*Narayana Rao
*Tasmilla Sheik
}}

== Production ==
Sivala Prabhakar, the director of ''[[Ooha (film)|Ooha]]'' (1996), rechristened himself as Sival for the film, which began production in late 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news287.html|title=Sangeetha's film Srimathi Kalyanam|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=1 October 2008|access-date=27 November 2025}}</ref> [[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeetha]] plays dual roles in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/Jul/23/actress-sangeethas-double-treat-for-her-fans-70471.html|title=Actress Sangeetha’s double-treat for her fans|date=23 July 2009|work=The New Indian Express|first=R. Richard|last=Mahesh|access-date=5 November 2025|agency=Sampurn Media}}</ref> The climax of the film was shot in Vishakhapatnam in the rain for two days.<ref name="N"/><ref name="N2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2009/Aug/11/naveens-srimathi-kalyanam-nearing-completion-76727.html|title=Naveen’s Srimathi Kalyanam nearing completion|date=11 August 2009|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=5 November 2025}}</ref> The last song of the film was shot in Hyderabad in mid-2009.<ref name="N2"/>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Sai Karthik]].<ref name="I"/> Chirravuri, Bandaru Danaiah and Sival wrote the lyrics.<ref name="N"/>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing<ref>{{cite web |title=Srimathi Kalyanam Songs |url=https://gaana.com/album/srimathi-kalyanam-telugu |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |access-date=6 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Model Girls
| length1 = 4:18
| lyrics1 = Bandaru Danaiah
| extra1 = Thada Raja
| title2 = Aare Aare Aajare
| length2 = 4:14
| lyrics2 = Chirravuri Vijaykumar
| extra2 = Thada Raja, Divija Karthik
| title3 = Manasuloni Matale
| length3 = 4:44
| lyrics3 = Thada Raja
| extra3 = Thada Raja, Divija Karthik
| title4 = Meghame Neevanuko
| length4 = 4:22
| lyrics4 = Bandaru Danaiah
| extra4 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], Divija Karthik
| title5 = Chali Chaliga Undi
| length5 = 3:52
| lyrics5 = Shival
| extra5 = [[Sunitha Upadrashta]]
| title6 = Anakapalli Anda Gattheni
| length6 = 4:06
| lyrics6 = Thada Raja
| extra6 = [[Sai Karthik]], [[Malathy Lakshman]]
| title7 = Rayamma Rayamma
| length7 = 4:48
| lyrics7 = Shival
| extra7 = Thada Raja, Divija Karthik
| total_length = 30:24
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|14677804}}

[[Category:2010 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sai Karthik]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]

Bangladesh national cricket team

2026-03-18T05:17:19Z

Robertoson:

{{Short description|Men's Cricket Team representing Bangladesh}}
{{About|the men's team|the women's team|Bangladesh women's national cricket team}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Overly detailed|date=March 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| name = Bangladesh
| image = Bangladesh Cricket Board Logo.svg
| image_size = 230px
| association = [[Bangladesh Cricket Board]]
| nickname = The Tigers
| captain =
| test_captain = [[Najmul Hossain Shanto]]
| od_captain = [[Mehidy Hasan Miraz]]
| t20i_captain = [[Litton Das]]
| coach = [[Phil Simmons]]
| od_coach =
| test_coach =
| batting_coach = [[Mohammad Ashraful]]
| bowling_coach = {{ubl|[[Shaun Tait]] (Pace)| [[Mushtaq Ahmed (cricketer)|Mushtaq Ahmed]] (Spin)}}
| fielding_coach =
| test_status_year = 2000

| icc_status = Associate Member
| icc_member_year = 1977
| icc_status2 = [[List of International Cricket Council members#Full Member|Full Member]]
| icc_member_year2 = 2000
| icc_region = [[Asian Cricket Council|Asia]]

| test_rank = 9th
| odi_rank = 10th
| t20i_rank = 9th
| test_rank_best = 8th (1 May 2018)<ref>{{cite news|title=India widen gap at the top of Test rankings- India, meanwhile, have leapfrogged West Indies to No. 1 following the ICC's annual update to the rankings|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-widen-gap-at-the-top-of-test-rankings-1145027?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR0QhlX4BTNbAqI6QskwML2lLl5zsHzxiTnVpTAEKAYezJ-XxTszFTpQDCE_aem_AW6LuypVuwwNnk0ZZFzMKzKugLxDP48t7HKxagSB92XCK-gRAvgXvu3QrYVzDd_UFZy_TuBICwfGCV_qakBRrKSH|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|date=1 May 2018 |access-date=11 May 2024}}</ref>
| odi_rank_best = 6th (25 May 2017)<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh rise no 6 in odi rankings |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/19461070/bangladesh-rise-no-6-odi-rankings |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |date=25 May 2017 |access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref>
| t20i_rank_best = 4th (22 July 2012)<ref name="No4">{{cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/bangladesh-surpass-pak-aus-in-t20-rankings-583778.html |title=Bangladesh surpass Pak, Aus in T20 rankings |work=[[News18]] |date=22 July 2012 |access-date=21 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh to play extra T20 in Netherlands |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ireland-nl-v-bangladesh-2012/content/story/573750.html |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |date=24 July 2012 |access-date=6 January 2017}}</ref>
| first_test = v. {{cr|IND}} at [[National Stadium]], [[Dhaka]]; 10–13 November 2000
| most_recent_test = v. {{cr|IRE}} at [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]], [[Dhaka]]; 19–23 November 2025
| num_tests = 156
| num_tests_this_year = 0
| test_record = 25/112 (19 draws)
| test_record_this_year = 0/0 (0 draws)

| wtc_apps = 3
| wtc_first = [[2019–2021 World Test Championship|2021]]
| wtc_best = 7th place ([[2023–2025 World Test Championship|2025]])

| first_odi = v. {{cr|PAK}} at [[De Soysa Stadium|Tyronne Fernando Stadium]], [[Moratuwa]]; 31 March 1986
| most_recent_odi = v. {{cr|PAK}} at [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]], [[Dhaka]]; 13 March 2026
| num_odis = 458
| num_odis_this_year = 3
| odi_record = 165/282 (1 tie, 10 no results)
| odi_record_this_year = 2/1 (0 ties, 0 no results)

| wc_apps = 7
| wc_first = [[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999]]
| wc_best = Quarter-finals ([[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]])
| wcq_apps = 6
| wcq_first = [[1979 ICC Trophy|1979]]
| wcq_best = Champions ([[1997 ICC Trophy|1997]])
|
| first_t20i = v. {{cr|ZIM}} at [[Khulna Divisional Stadium]], [[Khulna]]; 28 November 2006
| most_recent_t20i = v. {{cr|IRE}} at [[Bir Shrestho Flight Lieutenant Matiur Rahman Cricket Stadium]], [[Chittagong]]; 2 December 2025
| num_t20is = 212
| num_t20is_this_year = 0
| t20i_record = 86/121 (0 ties, 5 no results)
| t20i_record_this_year = 0/0 (0 ties, 0 no results)

| wt20_apps = 9
| wt20_first = [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|2007]]
| wt20_best = Super 8s ([[2007 ICC World Twenty20|2007]], [[2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2024]])

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| h_pattern_b = _collar
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| asofdate = 15 March 2026
}}

The '''Bangladesh men's national cricket team''' ({{langx|bn|বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় ক্রিকেট দল}}), administered by the Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB), represents Bangladesh in international cricket. They are a [[List of International Cricket Council members#Full Member|Full Member]] of the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) with [[Test cricket|Test]], [[One-Day International]] (ODI) and [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) status.

Bangladesh became an associate member of the ICC in 1977,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://icc-cricket.yahoo.com/about-icc/history-1964-1988.html |title=History – 1964 – 1988 – International Cricket Conference |publisher=[[International Cricket Council]] |access-date=8 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080721010931/http://icc-cricket.yahoo.com/about-icc/history-1964-1988.html |archive-date=21 July 2008 }}</ref> making their first official international appearance at the [[1979 ICC Trophy]]. While [[Association football|football]] was historically the country's most popular sport, cricket grew in popularity during the late 1990s. The team won the [[1997 ICC Trophy]], qualifying for their first Cricket World Cup in [[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999]]. At the World Cup, they defeated [[Scotland national cricket team|Scotland]] and caused a significant upset by defeating [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]], a performance that helped accelerate their promotion to Full Member status.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 June 2000 |title=Bangladesh delight at Test status |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/807107.stm |access-date=8 April 2008 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=10 May 2005 |title=Bangladesh in Tests: A short history |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/other_international/bangladesh/4482075.stm |access-date=8 April 2008 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref><ref name="Test">{{cite news |date=26 June 2020 |title='Bulbul, we got the Test status' |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/bangladesh-cricket/news/bulbul-we-got-the-test-status-1920861 |access-date=24 February 2021 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=26 June 2020 |title=Bangladesh's road to Test status |url=https://tbsnews.net/sports/bangladeshs-road-test-status-98191 |access-date=24 February 2021 |work=[[The Business Standard]]}}</ref><ref name="ICC">{{cite web |title=Bangladesh Cricket Board |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/members/asia/full/22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530155855/https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/members/asia/full/22 |archive-date=30 May 2023 |access-date=24 February 2021 |work=[[International Cricket Council|ICC]]}}</ref> On 26 June 2000, Bangladesh became the 10th Test-playing nation and played their inaugural [[Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2000–01|Test match]] against [[India national cricket team|India]] in Dhaka in November of that year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Statsguru&nbsp;– Bangladesh&nbsp;– T20I matches&nbsp;– Team analysis |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/team/25.html?class=3;template=results;type=team;view=results |access-date=23 May 2021 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

The team struggled significantly in its early years as a Full Member, holding the record for the most consecutive losses in Tests (21, between 2001 and 2004) and ODIs (23, between 1999 and 2002).<ref>{{cite web |title=Records – Test matches – Team records – Most consecutive defeats|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/most-consecutive-defeats-284055|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=19 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Records – One-Day Internationals – Team records – Most consecutive defeats |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/most-consecutive-defeats-284056 |access-date=19 June 2024 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ward |first=John |title=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack |date=2005 |work=Cricinfo |chapter=Zimbabwe v Bangladesh, Third One-Day International |access-date=19 June 2024 |chapter-url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/237460.html}}</ref> Their maiden Test victory came against [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]] in 2005, and they secured their first overseas Test series victory [[Bangladeshi cricket team in West Indies in 2009|against the West Indies]] in 2009. Results have improved over time, particularly at home, with series wins against major cricketing nations including Pakistan, India, [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]], [[England cricket team|England]], [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]], [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]], and [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]]. As of 23 November 2025, Bangladesh has played 156 Tests with 25 wins. In limited-overs cricket, the team has won 163 of 455 ODIs and 86 of 212 T20Is.

In major tournaments, Bangladesh reached the quarter-finals of the [[2015 Cricket World Cup]] and the semi-finals of the [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017 Champions Trophy]]. They are three times runners-up in the [[Asia Cup]] ([[2012 Asia Cup|2012]], [[2016 Asia Cup|2016]], and [[2018 Asia Cup|2018]]) and reached the final of the [[2018 Nidahas Trophy]]. In 2019, they won their first multi-team tournament, the [[2019 Ireland Tri-Nation Series|Ireland Tri-Nation Series]]. As of 31 May 2025, the ICC ranks Bangladesh 9th in Tests and ODIs, and 10th in T20Is.<ref name="ICCrankings">{{cite news |title=ICC rankings – ICC Test, ODI and Twenty20 rankings |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/rankings/content/page/211271.html |access-date=22 November 2021 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref>

==History==
{{Main|History of cricket in Bangladesh}}

===20th century===
Several [[East Pakistan]]-based teams played in Pakistani domestic cricket prior to Bangladesh's declaration of independence of 1971—the [[East Pakistan cricket team]] fielded [[List of East Pakistan first-class cricketers|three players]] who later played [[ICC Trophy]] matches. In 1977, Bangladesh became an associate member of the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/members/asia/full/22|title=Bangladesh|work=[[International Cricket Council|ICC]]|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-date=30 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530155855/https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/members/asia/full/22|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bangladesh was one of fifteen teams to take part in the inaugural [[1979 ICC Trophy|ICC Trophy]]. Held in 1979 22 May, it gave non-test playing countries the opportunity to qualify for that year's [[1979 Cricket World Cup|World Cup]]. Bangladesh, under the captaincy of [[Raqibul Hasan (cricketer, born 1953)|Raqibul Hasan]], won two matches and lost two, but failed to progress beyond the first round.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/ICCT79/ICCT79_TABLES.html |title=ICCT79: Final Group Tables |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/ICCT79/ICCT79_PREVIEW |title=ICCT79: Preview |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=15 February 2011}}</ref> Victory in the South-East Asian Cricket Conference Tournament in February 1984 ensured Bangladesh qualified for the [[1986 Asia Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154346.html |title=Asia Cup, 1985–86 |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=15 February 2011}}</ref> On 31 March 1986, Bangladesh played their first One Day International against a [[List of International Cricket Council members#Full Member|Full Member]] of the ICC.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/150618.html |title=Asia Cup: Bangladesh v Pakistan 1985–86 |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=15 February 2011}}</ref>
{{Limited overs international|bg=#eee
| date = 31 March 1986
| team1 = {{cr-rt|BAN}}
| score1 = 94 all out (35.3 overs)
| score2 = 98/3 (32.1 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| runs1 = [[Shaheedur Rahman]] 37 (60)
| wickets1 = [[Wasim Akram]] 4/19 (9 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mudassar Nazar]] 47 (97)
| wickets2 = [[Jahangir Shah]] 2/23 (9 overs)
| result = {{cr|PAK}} won by 7 wickets
| report = [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/47/47028.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Tyronne Fernando Stadium]], [[Moratuwa]], Sri Lanka
| umpires = [[Herbi Felsinger]] (SL) and [[PW Vidanagamage]] (SL)
| motm = [[Wasim Akram]]
}}
Captained by Jayampathi Wickramarathne, Bangladesh were dismissed for 94 runs and Pakistan reached their target for victory with seven wickets in hand.<ref>{{cite web|url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/47/47028.html |title=a4779 o375 Bangladesh v Pakistan: John Player Gold Leaf Trophy (Asia Cup) 1985/86 |publisher=CricketArchive.com |access-date=15 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325010000/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/47/47028.html|archive-date=25 March 2022}}</ref> They lost their second ODI, which was against [[Sri Lanka]], finishing last in the three-team tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Seasons/SL/1985-86_SL_John_Player_Gold_Leaf_Trophy_%28Asia_Cup%29_1985-86.html |title=John Player Gold Leaf Trophy (Asia Cup) 1985/86 |publisher=CricketArchive.com |access-date=15 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611180109/http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Seasons/SL/1985-86_SL_John_Player_Gold_Leaf_Trophy_%28Asia_Cup%29_1985-86.html |archive-date=11 June 2011 }}</ref> Bangladesh qualified for the [[1988 Asia Cup]], this time hosting the tournament; it was the first time ODIs had been staged in the country. Although they lost all their matches, Bangladesh's fixtures were retrospectively awarded ODI. Floods in the preceding months meant the tournament was in doubt, but it went ahead as planned. A charity match raised $70,000 for the flood victims.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/155174.html |title=Asia Cup, 1988–89 |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=15 February 2011}}</ref> Bangladesh added a black mark in [[1986 ICC Trophy]] with only 2 wins.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Prem |date=19 June 2021 |title=ICC Champions Trophy Winners List From 1998 to 2017 |url=https://www.crictracker.com/icc-champions-trophy-winners-list/ |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=CricTracker |language=en}}</ref>

Bangladesh took part in the [[Austral-Asia Cup|1990 Austral-Asia Cup]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/150808.html |title=Austral-Asia Cup, 1989–90 |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=15 February 2011}}</ref> the Asia Cup in [[1990–91 Asia Cup|1990–91]], [[1995 Asia Cup|1995]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/151185.html |title=Pepsi Asia Cup, 1994–95 |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=15 February 2011}}</ref> [[1997 Asia Cup|1997]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/151650.html |title=Pepsi Asia Cup, 1997–98 |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=15 February 2011}}</ref> and several other triangular tournaments. Still, it was not until 1998 that they won their first ODI. Their 22-match losing streak since their first ODI was at the time a record.<ref name="toothless tigers">{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/cwc2003/hi/newsid_2570000/newsid_2573000/2573035.stm |title=Toothless Tigers |publisher=BBC Sport |date=2 January 2003 |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref>
{{Limited overs international|bg=#eee
| date = 16 May 1998
| team1 = {{cr-rt|KEN}}
| score1 = 236 all out (49 overs)
| score2 = 237/4 (48 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|BAN}}
| runs1 = [[Ravi Shah]] 52 (64)
| wickets1 = [[Mohammad Rafique (cricketer)|Mohammad Rafique]] 3/56 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mohammad Rafique (cricketer)|Mohammad Rafique]] 77 (87)
| wickets2 = [[Mohammad Sheikh]] 2/46 (10 overs)
| result = {{cr|BAN}} won by 6 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8559/scorecard/66145/Bangladesh-vs-Kenya-2nd-Match-coca-cola-triangular-series/ Scorecard]
| venue = [[Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, Hyderabad|Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium]], Hyderabad, India
| umpires = [[SK Sharma]] (Ind) and [[C. R. Mohite]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/65/65757.html |title=Bangladesh v Kenya in 1997/98 |date=17 May 1998 |website=CricketArchive |url-access=subscription|access-date=1 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216084227/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/65/65757.html|archive-date=16 February 2017}}</ref> (Ind)
| motm = [[Mohammad Rafique (cricketer)|Mohammad Rafique]]
}}
Bangladesh posted its first ODI win against Kenya, in India. thanks largely to [[Mohammad Rafique (cricketer)|Mohammad Rafique]], who contributed a fiery 77 runs and took 3 wickets. He put on 137 for the first wicket with [[Athar Ali Khan]] whose own contribution was 47.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/66145.html Bangladesh v Kenya (17 May 1998)], Retrieved on (27 January 2008)</ref>

In October 1998, Bangladesh hosted (but did not participate in) the first [[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|ICC KnockOut Trophy]] ever held (the event later became the ICC Champions Trophy), a knock-out ODI tournament featuring all the test playing nations.

Bangladesh took part in each of the [[1979 ICC Trophy|1979]], [[1982 ICC Trophy|1982]], [[1986 ICC Trophy|1986]], [[1990 ICC Trophy|1990]], and [[1994 ICC Trophy|1994]] editions of the ICC Trophy, and won the trophy in [[1997 ICC Trophy|1997]], in the process qualified for the 1999 World Cup. The then General Secretary of Bangladesh Cricket Board, [[Aminul Huq Moni]] took the initiative to install [[AstroTurf|Astro Turf]] in [[Abahani Limited (Dhaka)|Abahani]] Cricket Ground and [[Bangabandhu National Stadium]] so that the local players had two full seasons to prepare on the type of pitch they would playing in ICC Trophy in 1997.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 June 2015 |title=Former BCB general secretary dies in Dhaka |work=ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/former-bcb-general-secretary-dies-in-dhaka-883039 |access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref> Bangladesh also became a regular ICC member with the right to play ODIs and started hosting bilateral and triangular ODI tournaments. Earlier, in February Dhaka hosted the third and final SAARC cricket tournament. Bangladesh played in its first World Cup in [[1999 ICC Cricket World Cup|England in 1999]] and recorded their first win in a World Cup match against Scotland. Later on, Bangladesh created an enormous upset by beating [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] by 62 runs in the group match at [[County Ground, Northampton|Northampton]]. Bangladesh made 9/223 from its full 50 overs, and in reply, Pakistan could only manage 161 due to timely run-outs by wicket-keeper [[Khaled Mashud]] and some tight bowling by [[Khaled Mahmud]], who took 3/31 from 10 overs. Mahmud was judged the man of the match. Bangladesh did not qualify for the Super Six round due to defeats in three of its five matches. However, the win over Pakistan, who finished runners-up to [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]], helped Bangladesh to gain test playing status the following year. Bangladesh had sacked coach [[Gordon Greenidge]], who had steered the team through the [[1997 ICC Trophy]] and into the [[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999 World Cup]] on the morning of the match.<ref name="toothless tigers"/>

Former South Africa Test cricketer [[Eddie Barlow]] became Bangladesh's coach in 1999.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/jan/04/guardianobituaries.cricket |title=Obituary: Eddie Barlow |work=[[The Guardian]] |first=Mike |last=Selvey |date=4 January 2006 |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref> In preparation for becoming a Test playing country, Bangladesh established its own first-class competition in 1999–2000, although the matches were not given first-class status until the 2000–2001 season.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 September 2006 |title=A brief history of Bangladesh domestic cricket |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/a-brief-history-of-bangladesh-domestic-cricket-260114 |access-date=23 August 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> The lack of an established first-class structure in the country until shortly before Bangladesh played its debut Test has been cited as one of the reasons the team struggled to adapt to the longer format of the game.<ref>{{cite web |last=McGlashan |first=Andrew |date=24 August 2011 |title=Ireland plan first-class structure |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ireland-news-ireland-plan-first-class-structure-529402 |access-date=23 August 2011 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref> The West Indies toured Bangladesh in October, winning both matches in the ODI series.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/153897.html |title=The West Indians in Bangladesh, 1999–2000 |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref> After suffering a stroke in April 2000, Barlow vacated the position of coach<ref name=vsEng01>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154265.html |title=Bangladesh v England 2000–01 |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref> and [[Sarwar Imran]] was handed the coaching job.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/18896176/when-bangladesh-strode-test-stage|title=When Bangladesh strode onto the Test stage|date=13 March 2017}}</ref> In May and June 2000, Bangladesh hosted the [[2000 Asia Cup|Asia Cup]]; Bangladesh lost all three of their matches and playing against Pakistan Bangladesh recorded the heaviest defeat in ODIs, a margin of 233&nbsp;runs at the time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154010.html |title=Pepsi Asia Cup, 1999–2000 |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref> Bangladesh participated in the [[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy]] in October; their only match ended in defeat by England.<ref name=vsEng01/>

===First years as a Test team (2000–2003)===
On 13 November 2000, Bangladesh played their [[Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2000–01|inaugural Test match]], hosting India in Dhaka.
{{Test match|bg=#eee
| date = 10–13 November 2000
| team1 = {{cr-rt|BAN}}
| team2 = {{cr-rt|IND}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 400 (153.3 Overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Aminul Islam Bulbul]] 145 (380)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Sunil Joshi]] 5/142 (45.3 Overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 429 (141.3 Overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Sunil Joshi]] 92 (180)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Naimur Rahman]] 6/132 (44.3 Overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 91 (46.3 Overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Habibul Bashar]] 30 (63)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Javagal Srinath]] 3/19 (11 Overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 64/1 (15 Overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Rahul Dravid]] 41 (49)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Hasibul Hossain]] 1/31 (6 Overs)

| result = India won by 9 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63898.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bangabandhu National Stadium]], [[Dhaka]]
| umpires = [[Steve Bucknor]] (WI) and [[David Shepherd (umpire)|David Shepherd]] (ENG)
| motm = [[Sunil Joshi]]
| toss = Bangladesh won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes = ''Sameen Ishraq, [[Akram Khan (cricketer)|Akram Khan]], [[Al Sahariar]], [[Aminul Islam Bulbul]], [[Habibul Bashar]], [[Khaled Mashud]], [[Mehrab Hossain (cricketer, born 1978)|Mehrab Hossain]], [[Mohammad Rafique (cricketer)|Mohammad Rafique]], [[Naimur Rahman]], [[Ranjan Das]], [[Hasibul Hossain]] and [[Shahriar Hossain]] made their Test debuts for Bangladesh.''
* ''[[Shiv Sunder Das]], [[Saba Karim]] and [[Zaheer Khan]] made their debuts for India.''
* '' [[Aminul Islam Bulbul]] became the third cricketer in history to score a century on his country's inaugural test.''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/24732206/the-many-hats-aminul-islam-bangladesh-first-test-centurion|title=The many hats of Aminul Islam, Bangladesh's first Test centurion|work=ESPNcricinfo|author=Shashank Kishore|access-date=12 January 2019}}</ref>
}}
The first Test run in the history of Bangladesh Cricket came from the bat of [[Mehrab Hossain (cricketer, born 1978)|Mehrab Hossain]], who also scored the first ODI hundred by an individual player for Bangladesh in 1999. Captained by [[Naimur Rahman]], Bangladesh lost by nine wickets, although ''Wisden'' noted that they "surpassed all expectations by matching their neighbours, and at times even enjoying the upper hand".<ref name="inaugural test">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154208.html |first=Richard |last=Hobson |title=Bangladesh v India, 2000–01 |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref> [[Aminul Islam Bulbul]] scored 145 in the first innings, becoming the third person to have scored a century in their team's first Test; Rahman took 6 wickets for 132&nbsp;runs, the second-best bowling figures in a country's maiden Test.<ref name="inaugural test"/> In March 2001, former Australian Test cricketer [[Trevor Chappell]] was appointed coach.<ref name="Chappell and Kamal">{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/1921128.stm |title=Bangladesh get new coach |publisher=BBC Sport |date=10 April 2002 |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref> The following month Bangladesh embarked on a [[Bangladeshi cricket team in Zimbabwe in 2000–01|tour of Zimbabwe]] to play two Tests and three ODIs. Zimbabwe, who at the time were ranked ninth out of the ten Test teams, won all five matches.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154233.html |title=The Bangladeshis in Zimbabwe, 2000–01 |first=John |last=Ward |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref>

Bangladesh took part in the [[2001–02 Asian Test Championship]], the second and final time the championship was held and the first the team had been eligible to play in. They lost both their matches by an innings. [[Mohammad Ashraful]] made his debut in the series and became the youngest player to score a Test century in his first match.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154935.html |title=The Asian Test Championship, 2001–02 |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref>

In November, [[Zimbabwean cricket team in Bangladesh in 2001-02|Bangladesh hosted Zimbabwe]] for two Tests and three ODIs. The opening Test was curtailed by bad weather and ended in a draw; after losing their first five Tests, it was the first time Bangladesh had avoided defeat. Zimbabwe won all the remaining matches. After the Test series wicketkeeper [[Khaled Mashud]] replaced Rahman as captain.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154957.html |title=The Zimbabweans in Bangladesh, 2001–02 |first=Utpal |last=Shuvro |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref> The following month Bangladesh [[Bangladeshi cricket team in New Zealand in 2001-02|toured New Zealand]] for two Test matches. Bangladesh's batsmen struggled in unfamiliar conditions and the team slumped to two innings defeats.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/155106.html |title=The Bangladeshis in New Zealand, 2001–02 |first=Don |last=Cameron |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref>

In January 2002, Bangladesh [[Pakistani cricket team in Bangladesh in 2001–02|hosted Pakistan]] for two Tests and three ODIs where Bangladesh lost all the matches. At this point, they had lost ten of their first eleven Tests; only South Africa had struggled as much in their introduction to Test cricket, also losing ten of their first eleven matches. Chappell blamed Bangladesh's batsmen for the loss, saying "they commit the same mistakes again and again, and need to learn to apply themselves, to bat in sessions".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/155115.html |title=The Pakistanis in Bangladesh, 2001–02 |first=Shahid A. |last=Hashmi |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref> In April, former Pakistan Test cricketer [[Mohsin Kamal]] replaced Chappell as coach.<ref name="Chappell and Kamal"/> When Bangladesh [[Bangladeshi cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2002|toured Sri Lanka]] in July and August they were on the receiving end of Sri Lanka's largest margin of victory in Test cricket: an innings and 196&nbsp;runs. Bangladesh lost both Tests and all three ODIs on the tour, recording their 50th defeat in 53 ODIs. Repeated poor performances prompted people to question whether Bangladesh had been granted Test status too soon.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/155109.html |title=The Bangladeshis in Sri Lanka, 2002 |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref>
Two defeats against Australia and New Zealand in pool matches knocked Bangladesh out of the [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy]].

In October, Bangladesh got whitewashed in both Test and ODI series against [[Bangladeshi cricket team in South Africa in 2002-03|in South Africa]].''Wisden'' noted that "Time and again&nbsp;... came the mantra that [Bangladesh] would learn from the experience, that they could only improve by playing against the best, that there was genuine talent in the squad. But it wore thin."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/155907.html |title=The Bangladeshis in South Africa, 2002–03 |first=Marcus |last=Prior |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |date=9 March 2007 |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref> The final defeat set a record for most consecutive losses in ODIs (23), beating the previous record, which was also held by Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284056.html |title=Records / One-Day Internationals / Team records / Most consecutive defeats |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref> When [[West Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2002-03|West Indies toured in November and December]], Bangladesh lost both Tests and two out of the three ODIs, and one ended in [[Result (cricket)|no result]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/155917.html |title=The West Indians in India and Bangladesh, 2002–03 |first1=Amit |last1=Varma |first2=Utpal |last2=Shuvro |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref> Bangladesh hit several new lows on the third day of the first Test: their lowest innings total (87), their lowest match aggregate (226), and the biggest defeat in their 16 Tests (by an innings and 310 runs).<ref>{{cite web |date=8 December 2018 |title=Wisden - Bangladesh v West Indies - ESPNcricinfo.com |work=Cricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/155931.html |access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref>

South Africa hosted the [[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003 World Cup]] in February and March. Bangladesh lost five of their six matches (one ended in no result),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/61124.html?template=fixtures |title=ICC World Cup 2002/03 / Fixtures |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref> including fixtures against [[Canada national cricket team|Canada]], who hadn't played international cricket since the [[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979 World Cup]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Samanth |date=12 February 2003 |title=Canada overwhelm Bangladesh in Durban upset |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/canada-overwhelm-bangladesh-in-durban-upset-126573 |access-date=19 February 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> and Kenya, who eventually made the semi-finals of the tournament. In the aftermath of Bangladesh's World Cup campaign, [[Khaled Mahmud|Habibul Bashar]] replaced Khaled Mashud as captain,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/214645.html |title=The South Africans in Bangladesh, 2003 |first=Brian |last=Murgatroyd |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |date=29 July 2005 |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref> and Kamal was sacked as coach with [[Dav Whatmore]] taking over the role.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 April 2003 |title=Bangladesh appoint Dav Whatmore as national coach |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-appoint-dav-whatmore-as-national-coach-124182 |access-date=24 February 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Whatmore was not able to begin the job immediately, so [[Sarwar Imran]] acted as interim coach during [[2003 TVS Cup Tri Series|TVS Cup]] and [[South African cricket team in Bangladesh in 2003|South Africa's tour of Bangladesh in April and May]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/214645.html |title=The South Africans in Bangladesh, 2003 |first=Brian |last=Murgatroyd |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |date=29 July 2005 |access-date=24 February 2011}}</ref> Bangladesh lost all four ODIs by large margins and two Tests by innings.

===Under Dav Whatmore (2003–2007)===
Bangladesh played two Tests and three ODI matches on [[Bangladeshi cricket team in Australia in 2003|a mid-year tour of Australia in 2003]].They lost every single match on that tour.

[[Bangladeshi cricket team in Pakistan in 2003|In August 2003, Bangladesh toured Pakistan]] to play three Tests and five ODIs matches. This was Bangladesh's second tour to Pakistan, with the first occurring in 2001–02, when the teams played one Test match. Both series ended in [[Whitewash (sport)|whitewash]], with Pakistan winning the Test series 3 – 0 and the ODI series 5 – 0.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/2003/BDESH_IN_PAK/SCORECARDS/|title=CricInfo Scorecards and Match reports|work=ESPN}}</ref><ref name="Testlist">{{cite web |title=Statsguru&nbsp;– Bangladesh&nbsp;– Test matches&nbsp;– Team analysis |url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/statsguru/engine/team/25.html?class=1;template=results;type=team;view=results |access-date=19 March 2017 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref><ref name="ODIlist">{{cite web |url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/statsguru/engine/team/25.html?class=2;template=results;type=team;view=results |title=Statsguru&nbsp;– Bangladesh&nbsp;– ODI matches&nbsp;– Team analysis |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=27 April 2012}}</ref>

In the first Test match of that series, [[Alok Kapali]] became the first Bangladesh player to take a [[Hat-trick (cricket)|hat-trick]] in Test cricket, dismissing [[Shabbir Ahmed (cricketer)|Shabbir Ahmed]], [[Danish Kaneria]], and [[Umar Gul]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/215586.html |title=Second Test match: Pakistan v Bangladesh |last=Shuvro |first=Utpal |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |date=10 August 2005 |access-date=24 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="alokhatttick">{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/136977.html |title=Records / Test matches / Bowling records / Hat-tricks |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=24 February 2011}}</ref> However, in the third Test match of that series, Bangladesh came very close to its first Test victory, when it lost to Pakistan by only one wicket. It was just the tenth time in Test history that a team had lost by a single wicket.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/215587.html |title=Third Test match: Pakistan v Bangladesh |last=Shuvro |first=Utpal |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |date=10 August 2005 |access-date=24 February 2011}}</ref>

In September–October 2003, [[English cricket team in Bangladesh in 2003-04|England played 2 Tests and 3 ODIs against Bangladesh.]] England won both the Test matches and won all three ODIs by 7 wickets. Bangladesh's captain, Mahmud, was booed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/khaled-mahmud-people-need-to-believe-in-bangladesh-451215|title='People need to believe in Bangladesh'|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|date=9 March 2010|access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref> Ahead of Bangladesh's [[Bangladeshi cricket team in Zimbabwe in 2003–04|tour of Zimbabwe]] in February and March the next year, he was dropped from the squad and batsman [[Habibul Bashar]] was granted the captaincy.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 January 2004 |title=Bashar to lead Bangladesh in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bashar-to-lead-bangladesh-in-zimbabwe-137826 |access-date=24 February 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> At the time, Zimbabwe were without many of their senior players. Bangladesh lost the Test series 1–0, and the ODI series 2–1.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/237446.html |title=The Bangladeshis in Zimbabwe, 2003–04 |last=Ward |first=John |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |date=16 February 2006 |access-date=24 February 2011}}</ref> The second Test was drawn after 3 days of no play due to heavy rains<ref>{{cite web |date=26 February 2004 |title=Bulawayo washout |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/137133.html |access-date=23 August 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> and brought an end to their run of 21 consecutive defeats dating back to November 2001, a world record in Test cricket.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284055.html |title=Records / Test matches / Team records / Most consecutive defeats |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=23 August 2011}}</ref> The solitary ODI victory was Bangladesh's first international win since defeating Pakistan in the 1999 World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/237460.html |title=Third One-Day International: The Bangladeshis in Zimbabwe, 2003–04 |last=Ward |first=John |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |date=16 February 2006 |access-date=24 February 2011}}</ref>

Bangladesh's next matches were [[Bangladeshi cricket team in West Indies in 2004|against the West Indies]] in May and June. Bangladesh lost the ODI series 3–0 and the Test series 1–0; by securing a hard-fought draw in the first match, Bangladesh managed to avoid defeat for just the third time in 29 Tests.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/238115.html |title=The Bangladeshis in The West Indies, 2003–04 |first=Fazeer |last=Mohammed |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |date=20 February 2006 |access-date=24 February 2011}}</ref> Bangladesh participated in [[2004 Asia Cup]] and [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy]] winning only one match against Hong Kong. In the following months, Bangladesh suffered heavy defeats in Tests and in ODIs against touring New Zealand and India. However, in December,
[[Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2004-05|India toured Bangladesh]] in December 2004. In 2nd ODI of the series, Bangladesh defeated India in its hundredth ODI, this being only the third time that it had won against a Test playing nation.

{{Single-innings cricket match|bg=#eee
| date = 26 December 2004
| team1 = {{cr-rt|BAN}}
| score1 = 229/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 214 (47.5 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| runs1 = [[Aftab Ahmed (cricketer, born 1985)|Aftab Ahmed]] 67 (98)
| wickets1 = [[Ajit Agarkar]] 2/31 (9 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sridharan Sriram]] 57 (91)
| wickets2 = [[Tapash Baisya]] 2/35 (10 overs)
| result = Bangladesh won by 15 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64916.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bangabandhu National Stadium]], [[Dhaka]]
| umpires = [[Aleem Dar]] (Pak) and [[AFM Akhtaruddin]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Mashrafe Mortaza]] (Ban)
| toss = Bangladesh won the toss and elected to bat
| notes = This was Bangladesh's 100th ODI.<ref name="That winning feeling">{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/that-winning-feeling-136246|title=That winning feeling|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|date=27 December 2004|access-date=25 April 2021}}</ref>
* This was also Bangladesh's 1st ODI win at home.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-pull-off-historic-win-136211 |title=Bangladesh pull off historic win |date=26 December 2004 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
* This was their first victory over India in an international match.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-vs-bangladesh-top-5-odi-contests-that-stay-etched-in-memory/story-3zPRVnMowAenKeikPZ7fYL.html |title=India vs Bangladesh – Top 5 ODI contests that stay etched in memory |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=28 September 2018 |access-date=21 May 2021}}</ref>
}}

In January 2005, [[Zimbabwean cricket team in Bangladesh in 2004–05|Zimbabwe toured Bangladesh]] for two Tests and five ODIs. The touring Zimbabwe team had suffered due to player disputes which in 2004 had led to the country's temporary suspension from Test cricket. Of Zimbabwe's 16-man squad, only their captain had played more than nine Tests; Bangladesh was the more experienced team. In the first match, Bangladesh secured their maiden victory in Test cricket.<ref name=zim05>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/288794.html |title=Bangladesh v Zimbabwe, 2004–05 |last=Shuvro |first=Utpal |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack |date=4 April 2007 |access-date=14 February 2011}}</ref> Bangladesh's batsmen secured a draw in the second Test by batting out the final five sessions after coach Dav Whatmore had opined that "Zimbabwe will win, unless our batsmen do something special".<ref name="Haque's record">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/288797.html |title=Second Test: Bangladesh v Zimbabwe, 2004–05 |last=Shuvro |first=Utpal |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack |date=4 April 2007 |access-date=14 February 2011}}</ref>

{{Test match|bg=#eee
| date = 6–10 January 2005
| team1 = {{cr-rt|BAN}}
| team2 = {{cr-rt|ZIM}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 488 (149.3 Overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Habibul Bashar]] 94 (128)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Chris Mpofu]] 4/109 (29 Overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 312 (131.4 Overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Tatenda Taibu]] 92 (241)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Mohammad Rafique (cricketer)|Mohammad Rafique]] 5/132 (41.4 Overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 204/9 dec (51.1 Overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Habibul Bashar]] 55 (80)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Elton Chigumbura]] 5/54 (16.1 Overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 154 (64.2 Overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Hamilton Masakadza]] 56 (130)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Enamul Haque jnr]] 6/45 (22.2 Overs)

| result = Bangladesh won by 226 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/14916/scorecard/64121/Bangladesh-vs-Zimbabwe-1st-Test-zimbabwe-tour-of-bangladesh/ Scorecard]
| venue = [[MA Aziz Stadium]], [[Chittagong]]
| umpires = [[Asad Rauf]] (PAK) and [[Tyron Wijewardene]] (SL)
| motm = [[Enamul Haque jnr]] (BAN)
| toss = Bangladesh won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| notes = First Test win for Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/11/sports/cricket-bangladesh-wins-first-5day-test.html|title=CRICKET : Bangladesh wins first 5-day test|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=11 January 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608061831/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/11/sports/cricket-bangladesh-wins-first-5day-test.html|archive-date=8 June 2021|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.rediff.com/cricket/2005/jan/10bang.htm|title=Bangladesh seal first Test win|work=Rediff Sports|date=10 January 2005|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref>
}}

In the match – which helped secure a historic first series victory for Bangladesh – [[Enamul Haque Jr]] broke his own bowling record for best figures in an innings for Bangladesh by taking 7 wickets for 95 runs, and secured the best figures in a match for Bangladesh: 12 wickets for 200 runs<ref name="Haque's record"/> and captain [[Habibul Bashar]] hit half centuries in both innings. In the ODI series that followed, [[Zimbabwe]] won the opening two contests, and Bangladesh won the final three to take the ODI series.<ref name=zim05/>

After their maiden Test victory, Bangladesh embarked on [[Bangladeshi cricket team in England in 2005|its first tour of England in May and June 2005]]. The team faced unfamiliar conditions and the batsmen struggled against [[seam bowling]]. Bangladesh lost both matches in the Test series by an innings; the second Test was the 22nd time it had happened in 38 Tests.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/259968.html |title=England v Bangladesh 2005 |first=Andrew |last=Miller |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack |date=19 September 2006 |access-date=14 February 2011}}</ref> Pundits [[Mike Atherton]] and [[Richie Benaud]] criticised the team's performances and suggested Bangladesh was not yet suited to Test cricket.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/4591115.stm |title=Bangladesh coach defends status |publisher=BBC Sport |date=29 May 2005 |access-date=24 February 2011}}</ref> [[One-Day Internationals in England in 2005|A triangular ODI series]] with England and Australia followed. Bangladesh won just one match out of six, but their solitary victory was against an Australian team that at the time were world champions in what ''[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|Wisden]]'' described as "the greatest upset in 2,250 one-day internationals".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ne8EAQAAQBAJ&q=Wisden+the+biggest+upset+in+one-day+international+history&pg=PA331|title=The Essential Wisden: An Anthology of 150 Years of Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|isbn=9781408178966|access-date=21 May 2021|last1=Stern|first1=John|last2=Williams|first2=Marcus|date=7 January 2014|publisher=A&C Black }}</ref>
{{Single-innings cricket match|bg=#eee
| date = 18 June 2005
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AUS}}
| score1 = 249/5 (50 overs)
| score2 = 250/5 (49.2 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|BAN}}
| runs1 = [[Damien Martyn]] 77 (112)
| wickets1 = [[Tapash Baisya]] 3/69 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mohammad Ashraful]] 100 (101)
| wickets2 = [[Jason Gillespie]] 2/41 (9.2 overs)
| result = Bangladesh won by 5 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/211364.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sophia Gardens (cricket ground)|Sophia Gardens]], [[Cardiff]]
| umpires = [[Billy Bowden|BF Bowden]] (NZ) and [[David Shepherd (umpire)|DR Shepherd]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Mohammad Ashraful]] (Ban)
| toss = Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = First ODI win by Bangladesh against Australia.
}}
Mohammad Ashraful scored his first century in that match with a score of exactly 100, which was enough to take the team to victory and then played a blistering knock of 94 off 53 balls against England the following match.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/259977.html |title=The NatWest Series 2005 |first=Julian |last=Guyer |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack |date=19 September 2006 |access-date=14 February 2011}}</ref>

Bangladesh's next fixture was [[Bangladeshi cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2005–06|in Sri Lanka in September for two Tests and three ODIs.]] After the one-off victory against Australia in England, Bangladesh was a more confident team; however, Sri Lanka won all five matches by large margins. Captain Habibul Bashar lamented his team's defeat, describing it as "the worst tour since I took over the captaincy".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/289099.html |title=Sri Lanka v Bangladesh, 2005–06 |first=Charlie |last=Austin |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack |date=5 April 2007 |access-date=14 February 2011}}</ref>

The home season of 2006 began with [[Sri Lankan cricket team in Bangladesh in 2005–06|the series against Sri Lanka]], which registered its first win against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] ever in the second match of the ODI series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/290921.html|title=Bangladesh v Sri Lanka, 2005–06|work=Cricinfo |date=17 April 2007}}</ref> However Bangladesh lost both ODIs and Test series 2–1 and 2–0 respectively.

In April, Australia toured for a 2-match Test series and 3-match ODI series. Bangladesh came very close to beating Australia in a Test match, taking a first-innings lead of 158, and eventually losing by only three wickets.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 April 2006 |title='It was a moral victory for us'&nbsp;– Bashar |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/it-was-a-moral-victory-for-us-bashar-244298 |access-date=4 November 2008 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> However, Bangladesh lost the second Test by an innings and three ODIs by huge margins.

India hosted the [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy]] in October and November. Bangladesh failed to progress beyond the group stages, losing two of their three matches. Their only victory came against Zimbabwe.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rajesh |first=S |date=13 October 2006 |title=Nafees stars in Bangladesh's win |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2006-07-232694/bangladesh-vs-zimbabwe-5th-qualifying-match-249743/match-report |access-date=14 February 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In November, [[Zimbabwean cricket team in Bangladesh in 2006-07|Zimbabwe toured Bangladesh]] for a T20 and a 5-match ODI series. Bangladesh won their inaugural T20I match against Zimbabwe in front of the home crowd.

{{Limited overs international|bg=#eee
| date = 28 November 2006
| team1 = {{cr|BAN}}
| score1 = 166 (19.5 overs)
| score2 = 123/9 (20 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|ZIM}}
| runs1 = [[Mashrafe Mortaza]] 36 (26)
| wickets1 = [[Prosper Utseya]] 3/25 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sean Williams (cricketer)|Sean Williams]] 38 (42)
| wickets2 = [[Abdur Razzak (cricketer)|Abdur Razzak]] 3/17 (4 overs)
| result = {{cr|BAN}} won by 43 runs
| report = [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/bdeshvzim/engine/match/264065.html (Scorecard)]
| venue = [[Khulna Divisional Stadium]], [[Khulna]], Bangladesh
| umpires = [[Enamul Haque (cricketer, born 1966)|Enamul Haque]] (Ban) and [[Nadir Shah (cricket)|Nadir Shah]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Mashrafe Mortaza]] ([[Bangladesh cricket team|BAN]])
| rain =
| toss = Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to field.
| notes = This was both Bangladesh and Zimbabwe's inaugural [[Twenty20 International|T20I]] match.
}}

Bangladesh subsequently went on to whitewash the same opponent in the five-match ODI series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/291202.html|title=Bangladesh v Zimbabwe, 2006–07|work=Cricinfo |date=18 April 2007}}</ref>

Bangladesh capped year 2006 with [[Scottish cricket team in Bangladesh in 2006–07|two more ODI victories over Scotland]]. That year, [[Shahriar Nafees]] became the first Bangladeshi to score over a thousand runs (which included three centuries) in a calendar year,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ns.bdnews24.com/details.php?id=46084&cid=5 |title=Tigers scotch Scots as Mashrafe becomes year's top wicket-taker |publisher=bdnews24.com |date=15 December 2006 |access-date=24 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707215657/http://ns.bdnews24.com/details.php?id=46084&cid=5 |archive-date=7 July 2011 }}</ref> while [[Mashrafe Mortaza]] became the leading wicket-taker in the world in ODIs staged in 2006 with 49&nbsp;wickets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283219.html |title=One-Day Internationals: Most wickets in a calendar year |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=4 November 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-cricket-bangladesh-mortaza-idUKDHA4068220061215|title=Bangladesh's Mortaza set to top 2006 ODI wicket-takers|work=[[Reuters]]|date=15 December 2006|access-date=}}</ref>

Ahead of the World Cup Bangladesh faced Zimbabwe in four ODIs, and [[Bermuda national cricket team|Bermuda]] and Canada one each; of those matches, Bangladesh lost a single ODI to Zimbabwe.<ref name="ODIlist"/> [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]], Bangladesh, [[India national cricket team|India]] and [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] were the only teams to win both of their warm-up games. On 17 March, in their first match of the [[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007 World Cup]], hosted by the West Indies, Bangladesh secured a five-wicket win over India; the surprise result triggered late night partying in Bangladesh despite government bans on public gatherings.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2007 |title=Bangladesh parties after India upset |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-parties-after-india-upset-285876 |access-date=24 July 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In their remaining group matches Bangladesh lost to Sri Lanka and defeated Bermuda, which was enough to secure qualification for the second round while India was knocked out. Bangladesh's only victory in the Super Eights was against South Africa, losing to everyone else including [[Ireland cricket team|Ireland]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wc2007/engine/series/125929.html?view=pointstable |title=ICC World Cup 2006/07 / Points table |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=24 July 2011}}</ref> a team mostly made up of amateur cricketers.<ref>{{cite web |last=McGlashan |first=Andrew |date=1 September 2007 |title=Tough at the top |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/tough-at-the-top-308932 |access-date=24 July 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In April 2007, after four years as coach, Mukil Mathavan chose not to extend his contract, but agreed to remain in charge until the end of May, to allow the BCB to find and appoint his successor and also to guide the team through the [[Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2007|two Tests and three ODIs at home against India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bdeshvind/content/story/291550.html|title=Whatmore quits as Bangladesh coach|work=Cricinfo |date=20 April 2007}}</ref> After Bangladesh had helped knock India out of the tournament, the series was seen as an opportunity for India to exact revenge. India won the three-match ODI series 2–0, one being washed out. Bangladesh had not played Test cricket since April 2006. The first Test was shortened due to rain and drawn, but India won the second by their largest margin ever (by an innings and 239 runs).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/347035.html |title=Bangladesh v India, 2007 |first=Utpal |last=Shuvro |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |date=19 April 2008 |access-date=14 February 2011}}</ref> In the aftermath Habibul Bashar, who had previously resigned as ODI captain, was replaced as captain by 22-year-old Mohammad Ashraful in all forms of the game. Mashrafe Mortaza was appointed vice-captain.<ref name="espn2Jun2007">{{cite web |date=2 June 2007 |title=Ashraful named Bangladesh captain |work=ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ashraful-named-bangladesh-captain-296705 |access-date=4 December 2008}}</ref>

===Under Shaun Williams (2007)===
BCB appointed their Under-19 coach [[Shaun Williams (cricket coach)|Shaun Williams]] as Bangladesh's interim coach until they find Whatmore's long-term successor.<ref name="espn2Jun2007" /> [[Mohammad Ashraful]] was appointed Test & ODI captain in June 2007.<ref name="espn2Jun2007" /> Ashraful's first series in charge was a [[Bangladeshi cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2007|tour of Sri Lanka]] in June and July. Bangladesh suffered heavy defeats in each of the three Tests; losing by an inning on every occasion, and three ODIs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh tour of Sri Lanka |work=ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-tour-of-sri-lanka-2007-293426}}</ref> In the first innings of the second Test, Bangladesh was bundled out for their lowest total (62) at that time.<ref>{{cite web |last=Austin |first=Charlie |date=18 March 2009 |title=Sri Lanka v Bangladesh 2007 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/395691.html |access-date=14 February 2011 |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac}}</ref>

Before the [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|World T20]], Bangladesh played two T20Is in Kenya. Here, they enjoyed victory over Kenya, but lost to Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/306979.html|title=Results – Global – ESPN Cricinfo|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> South Africa hosted the [[2007 ICC World Twenty20]] in September. Bangladesh defeated the West Indies at the group stage to progress to the Super 8 stage of the tournament. However, it was the only match they won in the tournament, losing next four matches.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/380497.html |title=ICC World Twenty20, 2007–08 |first=Hugh |last=Chevallier |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |date=2 December 2008 |access-date=14 February 2011}}</ref> During the Super 8 match against Bangladesh, Australian fast bowler [[Brett Lee]] took the first Twenty20 International (T20I) hat-trick ever achieved.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/september-16-2007-brett-lees-maiden-t20i-hat-trick-sinks-bangladesh-329725|title=September 16, 2007: Brett Lee's maiden T20I hat-trick sinks Bangladesh|work=Cricket Country|date=|access-date=}}</ref>

===Under Jamie Siddons (2007–2011)===

In late October, BCB appointed [[Jamie Siddons]], an Australian cricketer, as their head coach.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/other_international/bangladesh/7066384.stm |title=Siddons signs as Bangladesh coach |publisher=BBC Sport |date=31 October 2007 |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref> At the end of 2007, [[Bangladeshi cricket team in New Zealand in 2007-08|Bangladesh toured New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/300412.html|title=Bangladesh tour of New Zealand|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> They were soundly beaten 3–0 in the one-dayers. Bangladesh started the new year with the Test leg of the tour. These matches were also one-sided, where Bangladesh lost the series 2–0.

[[South African cricket team in Bangladesh in 2007-08|In February–March 2008, South Africa]] clean-swept Bangladesh across formats. The tour included two Tests and three ODIs. However, in the 1st Test, Bangladesh secured a first innings lead of 22 runs after restricting South Africa for 170.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bdeshvrsa/content/series/323940.html|title=South Africa tour of Bangladesh|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Bangladesh then defeated [[Irish cricket team in Bangladesh in 2007-08|non-Test-playing Ireland 3–0 in an ODI series at home]] in the same month, ending a run of 14 losses.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bdeshvireland/content/series/335630.html|title=Ireland tour of Bangladesh|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

[[Bangladeshi cricket team in Pakistan in 2008|Pakistan hosted Bangladesh]] for 5 ODIs and a T20I in April. It was a miserable tour for Bangladesh where they lost all games.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakvbdesh/content/series/343065.html|title=Bangladesh tour of Pakistan|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Bangladesh lost both first-round games against Pakistan and India at a [[2008 Kitply Cup|triangular ODI tournament]] held in Bangladesh in June.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/kitplycup/engine/series/345463.html?view=pointstable|title=Points Table – Kitply Cup 2008 – ESPN Cricinfo|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

At the [[2008 Asia Cup]] held in Pakistan, Bangladesh won their first group stage game against associate [[United Arab Emirates national cricket team|UAE]]. Even though they lost to Sri Lanka in the next group stage match, Bangladesh reached the super four stage, before losing the next three games against India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/asiacup/engine/series/298014.html?view=pointstable|title=Points Table – Asia Cup – ESPN Cricinfo|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

They were later [[Bangladeshi cricket team in Australia in 2008|got whitewashed 0–3 in the ODIs during their tour to Australia]] in August–September.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ausvbdesh/content/series/336196.html|title=Bangladesh tour of Australia|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In October, [[New Zealand cricket team in Bangladesh in 2008–09|New Zealand toured Bangladesh]] for three ODIs and two Tests. Shortly before the tour, fourteen Bangladesh players left to play in the [[Indian Cricket League]] and were subsequently banned for ten years. Six of the players were centrally contracted, including former captain [[Habibul Bashar]]. With a less experienced team than usual and a poor record against New Zealand, Bangladesh was expected to lose heavily. After winning the opening ODI (their first ODI victory ever over New Zealand), Bangladesh went on to lose the series 2–1.<ref name=nz08>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/431964.html |title=Bangladesh v New Zealand 2008–09 |first=Utpal |last=Shuvro |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |date=29 October 2009 |access-date=15 February 2011}}</ref> New Zealand won the first Test by three wickets in what their coach, [[John Bracewell]], described as "one of the great character wins".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/431973.html |title=First Test: Bangladesh v New Zealand 2008–09 |first=Utpal |last=Shuvro |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |date=29 October 2009 |access-date=15 February 2011}}</ref> The second Test ended up in a rain curtailed draw, sealing the series victory for New Zealand (1–0). But in the process [[Shakib Al Hasan]] emerged as an all-rounder. Having previously been selected primarily as a batsman, he went on to take the best bowling figures in an innings for a Bangladesh player, 7 wickets for 36 runs, beating the record set by Enamul Haque Jr three years earlier.

In November, [[Bangladeshi cricket team in South Africa in 2008-09|Bangladesh toured South Africa]]. They lost all their matches, including the only T20I match, two of the three ODIs (the third being washed out due to rain) and both Tests by innings.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/rsavbdesh/content/series/350336.html|title=Bangladesh tour of South Africa|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In December, however, Bangladesh bounced back from the previous lacklustre performances by threatening to win the first Test match against Sri Lanka at home by chasing down the highest fourth innings total of 513. Though they fell 107 runs short, their performances were praised.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bdeshvsl/content/story/384811.html|title=Brave Bangladesh fall 107 short|work=Cricinfo |date=31 December 2008}}</ref> But in the second test match of this home series in January, Bangladesh succumbed to a 465 runs defeat, conceding the series 2–0 to Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bdeshvsl/content/series/378736.html|title=Sri Lanka tour of Bangladesh|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Then Zimbabwe joined the hosts and the Lankan team for a tri-series ODI tournament, which proved to be more evenly matched than was expected. In the first match, Zimbabwe defeated Bangladesh by an excellent performance, but then was defeated by Sri Lanka by a huge margin, leaving Bangladesh needing to win with a bonus point against the Lankans in the last group match to go through to the finals to join the Lankans. In a reduced match due to rain interruptions, Bangladesh recorded their second ODI win over Sri Lanka to reach the finals. However, at the Finals, they were beaten by the Lankans who claimed the Series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/tri-bdesh/content/story/386587.html|title=Murali cameo clinches humdinger|work=Cricinfo |date=16 January 2009}}</ref>

Later in the same month the three-match ODI series against Zimbabwe at home was won by Bangladesh 2–1.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bdeshvzim/content/series/378739.html|title=Zimbabwe tour of Bangladesh|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

At the [[2009 ICC World Twenty20]] held in England, Bangladesh crashed out of the tournament at the group stage after losing both games against India and associate Ireland.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wt202009/engine/series/335113.html?view=pointstable|title=Points Table – ICC World Twenty20 2009 – ESPN Cricinfo|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

The aftermath of the losses at the global event, the selectors appointed Mashrafe Mortaza as the new captain of the team for the [[Bangladeshi cricket team in West Indies in 2009|tour to the West Indies]] so that Ashraful could focus on his batting.<ref>{{cite news |date=23 June 2009 |title=Mortaza named Bangladesh captain |work=ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/mortaza-named-bangladesh-captain-410237 |access-date=9 March 2016}}</ref> The two Test series was played amidst controversy when a pay dispute between the West Indian players and the West Indies Cricket Board led a number of West Indian players boycotting the series, which forced the West Indies to select a number of inexperienced players as replacements.<ref>{{cite news |date=9 July 2009 |title=The origins of the issue |work=ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/the-origins-of-the-issue-413458 |access-date=21 July 2009}}</ref> Bangladesh went on to win both of the Tests, winning the first Test by 95 runs<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.cricinfo.com/wivbdesh2009/engine/current/match/401071.html|title=Scorecard: West Indies v Bangladesh, 1st Test, 9–13 July 2009|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=21 July 2009}}</ref> and the second by four wickets.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/wivbdesh2009/engine/current/match/401072.html|title=Scorecard: West Indies v Bangladesh, 2nd Test, 17–20 July 2009|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=21 July 2009}}</ref> In the process they achieved their first overseas Test series victory.<ref>{{cite news |last=Veera |first=Sriram |date=20 July 2009 |title=Raqibul and Shakib inspire first overseas series win |work=ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-tour-of-west-indies-2009-380896/west-indies-vs-bangladesh-2nd-test-401072/match-report-4 |access-date=21 July 2009}}</ref>

{{Test match|bg=#eee
| date = 9–13 July 2009
| team1 = {{cr-rt|BAN}}
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 238 (88.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Mashrafe Mortaza]] 39 (52)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Kemar Roach]] 3/46 (23 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 307 (95.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Omar Phillips]] 94 (177)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Mahmudullah]] 3/59 (19.4 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 345 (120.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Tamim Iqbal]] 128 (243)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Darren Sammy]] 5/70 (30.1 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 181 (70.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[David Bernard (cricketer)|David Bernard]] 52[[not out|*]] (134)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Mahmudullah]] 5/51 (15 overs)

| result = Bangladesh won by 95 runs
| venue = [[Arnos Vale Stadium|Arnos Vale Ground]], [[Kingstown]], [[Saint Vincent (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)|Saint Vincent]]
| umpires = [[Asoka de Silva (cricketer)|Asoka de Silva]] (SL) and [[Tony Hill (umpire)|Tony Hill]] (NZ)
| motm = [[Tamim Iqbal]] (Ban)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/wivbdesh2009/engine/match/401071.html scorecard]
| toss = Bangladesh won the toss and elected to bat
| rain = Rain delayed the start on day 1 by three hours and continued to interrupt play during the day
| notes = This was Bangladesh's maiden Test win as a touring team.
}}

In the ODI series which followed, Bangladesh secured their first ODI win against the West Indies at the 14th attempt.<ref name="ittefaq">{{cite news|url=http://nation.ittefaq.com/issues/2009/07/28/news0192.htm|title=Sports Minister congratulates Bangladesh cricket team|publisher=The New Nation|access-date=27 July 2009|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114053/http://nation.ittefaq.com/issues/2009/07/28/news0192.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Bangladesh won the series 3–0,<ref>{{cite web |last=Veera |first=Sriram |date=31 July 2009 |title=Bangladesh complete 3–0 sweep |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-tour-of-west-indies-2009-380896/west-indies-vs-bangladesh-3rd-odi-401075/match-report |access-date=24 February 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> but lost the only Twenty20 match.<ref>{{cite web |last=Veera |first=Sriram |date=2 August 2009 |title=West Indies earn consolation win |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-tour-of-west-indies-2009-380896/west-indies-vs-bangladesh-only-t20i-401076/match-report |access-date=24 February 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Bangladesh emerged victorious 4–1<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/zimvbdesh2009/content/series/410334.html|title=Bangladesh tour of Zimbabwe|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> and 4–1<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bdeshvzim09/content/series/422622.html|title=Zimbabwe tour of Bangladesh|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> in back to back five match ODI series against Zimbabwe away (in August) and home (in October–November).

In November, Shakib was named ''[[The Wisden Cricketer]]'s'' "Test Player of the Year".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/sport/cricket/shakib-al-hasan-wins-wisden-cricketer-magazines-test-player-of-the-year-award/news-story/f4edc1244a425d229408d7746734445b|title=Al Hasan named Wisden's top Test player|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=8 October 2009}}</ref>
[[File:Shakib al hasan 2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Shakib Al Hasan]] captained Bangladesh during their historic Test series win against West Indies in 2009.]]

In January 2010, Bangladesh hosted a tri-series ODI tournament with India and Sri Lanka. They failed to win a match (in 4 matches) and went out of the tournament.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/table/series/8631/season/2010/tri-nation-tournament-in-bangladesh|title=Tri-Nation Tournament in Bangladesh Table – 2010|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> That was followed by a two-match Test series against India at home, which Bangladesh lost 2–0.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bdeshvind2010/content/series/434243.html|title=India tour of Bangladesh|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

During full away tour in February 2010 against New Zealand, Bangladesh lost all matches (only T20I, three ODIs and only Test).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/nzvbdesh2010/content/series/423769.html|title=Bangladesh tour of New Zealand|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In February–March 2010, [[England Cricket Team|England]] visited Bangladesh to play [[English cricket team in Bangladesh in 2009–10|three ODIs and two Test matches]]. Bangladesh lost all their ODIs and Tests in the series.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bdeshveng2010/content/series/426373.html|title=England tour of Bangladesh|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In May, Bangladesh took part in the [[2010 World Twenty20]]. They lost all their matches at group stage (against Pakistan and Australia) and failed to progress to the Super Eights stage.

In May and June, Bangladesh played two Test matches [[Bangladeshi cricket team in England in 2010|against England away]], losing both, although [[Tamim Iqbal]] scored two centuries in the series.<ref name="espncricinfo.com1">{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/england-v-bangladesh-2010/content/series/426339.html|title=Bangladesh tour of England, Ireland and Scotland|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Between the Tests and ODIs against England, Bangladesh took part in the [[2010 Asia Cup]] during June, but lost all their matches vs India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan.

In the ODI series, England comfortably won the first match. However, in the second match at Bristol, Bangladesh beat England for the first time in international cricket (England were the only Test playing nation yet to be beaten by Bangladesh), bowling England out in the final over to win by five runs.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.cricinfo.com/s/2497/MatchCenter?countryId=25&country=bangladesh&matchId=426404&tournamentName=NatWest%20Series%20%5BBangladesh%20in%20England%5D&matchTitle=2nd%20ODI&team1=England&team2=Bangladesh&startDate=Jul%2010%2C%202010&result=true|title=Live cricket scores, commentary, match coverage – Cricket news, statistics – ESPN Cricinfo|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=9 March 2016}}</ref>
However England won the third ODI at Birmingham and sealed the series 2–1.<ref name="espncricinfo.com1"/> Bangladesh extended this tour in Europe to play a 2-match ODIs series against Ireland. The series was shared (1–1). The one-off ODI against Scotland was abandoned due to heavy rains. Later Netherlands won the last one-off ODI of the tour.<ref name="espncricinfo.com1"/>

In October [[New Zealand cricket team in Bangladesh in 2010–11|New Zealand went to Bangladesh]] for five ODIs.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-new-zealand-2010/content/series/476044.html|title=New Zealand tour of Bangladesh|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Mortaza suffered an injury in the first match and Shakib took over as captain. Under his leadership Bangladesh won the series 4–0 (2nd ODI was abandoned due to rain), securing their first series victory against a full strength ICC Full Member nation.<ref>{{cite web |last=Isam |first=Mohammad |date=18 October 2010 |title=Bangladesh reap rewards of hard work |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/new-zealand-in-bangladesh-2010-bangladesh-reap-rewards-of-hard-work-482305 |access-date=11 November 2010 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Fernando |first=Andrew |date=14 October 2010 |title=All-round Shakib inspires Bangladesh to historic win |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-tour-of-bangladesh-2010-11-476044/bangladesh-vs-new-zealand-4th-odi-476599/match-report |access-date=11 November 2010 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=6 October 2010 |title=Mortaza ruled out due to injury |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/new-zealand-in-bangladesh-2010-mashrafe-mortaza-ruled-out-due-to-injury-480285 |access-date=11 November 2010 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Although unable to play against New Zealand due to injury, while the series was in progress Tamim Iqbal was named ''The Wisden Cricketer's'' "Test Player of the Year".<ref>{{cite web |date=14 October 2010 |title=Tamim named Wisden Cricketer Test Player of the Year |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-tamim-iqbal-named-wisden-cricketer-test-player-of-the-year-481789 |access-date=19 February 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=BPL Live Score|url=https://www.bpllivescore.com|work=bpllivescore.com|access-date=25 November 2021}}</ref>

In December Bangladesh hosted Zimbabwe for [[Zimbabwean cricket team in Bangladesh in 2010–11|five ODIs]]. After losing the opening match,<ref>{{cite web |date=2 December 2010 |title='I was not prepared for captaincy'&nbsp;– Shakib Al Hasan |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-v-zimbabwe-i-was-not-prepared-for-captaincy-shakib-al-hasan-490108 |access-date=2 December 2010 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Bangladesh went on to win the next three complete matches, with 4th ODI called off due to rain, to beat Zimbabwe 3–1.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 December 2010 |title=Shakib praises Bangladesh recovery |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-v-zimbabwe-shakib-praises-bangladesh-recovery-491571 |access-date=12 December 2010 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In February and March 2011, Bangladesh co-hosted the [[2011 Cricket World Cup|World Cup]] with India and Sri Lanka. Bangladesh lost the tournament opener against India, before the win against Ireland. The next match was won by West Indies after dismissing Bangladesh for 58 runs, the team's lowest score in ODIs and a record low for a Full Member at the World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |last=Monga |first=Sidharth |date=6 March 2011 |title='Team devastated by performance'&nbsp;– Siddons |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/world-cup-2011-bangladesh-are-devastated-jamie-siddons-504517 |access-date=6 March 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> The West Indies and Bangladesh team buses were stoned as they left the ground,<ref>{{cite web |last=Monga |first=Sidharth |date=4 March 2011 |title=West Indies team bus stoned in Dhaka |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-v-west-indies-west-indies-team-bus-stoned-in-dhaka-504279 |access-date=6 March 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> and so was Shakib's house.<ref>{{cite web |last=Monga |first=Sidharth |date=6 March 2011 |title=Shakib, Siddons hit back at criticism from former players |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/world-cup-2011-bangladesh-captain-and-coach-hit-back-at-criticism-from-former-players-504533 |access-date=6 March 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In the match against England, Bangladesh's score was at one point 169/8 but tail ender 58 run partnership brought victory for the team. Bangladesh's win in this match was only their second against England in a total of 15 ODIs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;opposition=1;orderby=start;team=25;template=results;type=team;view=results|title=Statistics / Statsguru / One-Day Internationals / Team records|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916160150/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2%3Bfilter%3Dadvanced%3Bopposition%3D1%3Borderby%3Dstart%3Bteam%3D25%3Btemplate%3Dresults%3Btype%3Dteam%3Bview%3Dresults |archive-date=16 September 2015|access-date=16 September 2015}}</ref>

Bangladesh later defeated the Netherlands, making their final match of the group stage a must-win contest. Against South Africa, Bangladesh succumbed to their second-largest defeat in ODIs and became the first Full Member team to be bowled out for under 100 twice in World Cups, thereby failing to progress to the knockout stage of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web |last=Purohit |first=Abhishek |date=19 March 2011 |title=Abject Bangladesh surrender meekly |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2010-11-381449/bangladesh-vs-south-africa-39th-match-group-b-433597/match-report |access-date=20 March 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Then Australia completed a 3–0 sweep in ODIs against Bangladesh when they visited the country in April.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-australia-2011/content/series/503357.html|title=Australia tour of Bangladesh|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Middle of the Australian visit, BCB confirmed that Siddons unlikely to win a contract extension from the moment his team failed to meet lofty home expectations during the 2011 World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |last=Brettig |first=Daniel |date=12 April 2011 |title=Siddons' Bangladesh tenure ends |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-news-siddons-bangladesh-tenure-ends-510797 |access-date=20 June 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Under his mentorship, Bangladesh won 2 Tests (in 19), 31 ODIs (in 84). They did not win any T20Is (in 8) during this period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=11;filter=advanced;orderby=start;spanmax1=01+jul+2011;spanmin1=31+oct+2007;spanval1=span;team=25;template=results;type=team|title=Team records – Combined Test, ODI and T20I records – Cricinfo Statsguru – ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> First overseas Test series victory, first Test match and series victories over West Indies, first ODI wins against New Zealand, West Indies and England, clean sweeps in ODIs against West Indies (away) and New Zealand (home), reaching the final of a triangular tournament where all participants are ICC full members, consistent wins in bilateral ODI series against Zimbabwe (4) were the highlights for Siddons as the Bangladesh head coach. During his three-and-a-half-year tenure as coach Siddons introduced a full coaching staff for the first time, including coaches for bowling, strength and conditioning, and fielding. Under Siddons Bangladesh's reliance on spin bowlers continued, partly because pitches in the country encourage spin bowlers, and frequently only two seam bowlers were used in a match. Siddons was credited with helping the team improve mentally.<ref>{{cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Abu |date=19 June 2011 |title=Lessons from Siddons |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/abu-choudhury-what-bangladesh-can-learn-from-jamie-siddons-time-as-coach-519381 |access-date=20 June 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

=== Under Stuart Law (2011–2012) ===
A lengthy hunt for a head coach, followed Siddons' exit encountering the names of [[Vincent Barnes]] and [[Stuart Law]] as possible appointees.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 June 2011 |title=Vincent Barnes declines Bangladesh coaching job |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-news-vincent-barnes-declines-bangladesh-coaching-job-517998 |access-date=29 June 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Law, who at the time was the interim head coach of [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] following [[Trevor Bayliss]]' departure, was named Bangladesh's new head coach starting from 1 July 2011.<ref name="new Law">{{cite web |date=27 June 2011 |title=Law to take over as Bangladesh coach |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sri-lanka-news-stuart-law-to-take-over-as-bangladesh-coach-520898 |access-date=29 June 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Bangladesh toured Zimbabwe in August 2011 for a one-off Test and five ODIs.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 July 2011 |title=Uncapped Nasir, Shuvagoto in squad for Zimbabwe |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-in-zimbabwe-2011-uncapped-nasir-shuvagoto-in-squad-for-zimbabwe-523380 |access-date=15 July 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> The Test marked Zimbabwe's return to the longest-format of the game, after a self-imposed withdrawal in January 2006 as the sport in the country was in a state of disarray. Bangladesh lost the match by 130&nbsp;runs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/14449989 |title=Zimbabwe beat Bangladesh on return to Test cricket |publisher=BBC Sport |date=8 August 2011 |access-date=9 August 2011}}</ref> Though they were expected to do well with the Test and the ODIs, Bangladesh lost the subsequent one-day series 3–2. In the aftermath of the series, captain [[Shakib Al Hasan]] and vice captain [[Tamim Iqbal]] were sacked from their leadership roles, with a BCB representative citing their poor leadership.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 September 2011 |title=Shakib and Tamim stripped of leadership roles |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-news-shakib-and-tamim-stripped-of-leadership-roles-531274 |access-date=5 September 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Later that month, wicket-keeper [[Mushfiqur Rahim]] was named captain, with all-rounder [[Mahmudullah]] as his deputy.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 September 2011 |title=Mushfiqur Rahim named Bangladesh captain |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-news-mushfiqur-rahim-named-new-bangladesh-captain-533124 |access-date=20 September 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Bangladesh's struggles at the international level have been epitomised by the ineffectiveness of their fast bowlers. Between January 2010 and August 2011, they took 37&nbsp;wickets in 8&nbsp;Tests at an average of 67.67, the worst out of the nine teams playing regular Test cricket in this period.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 August 2011 |title=England's pace pack, and Johnson's Asia heroics |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/the-numbers-game-england-s-pace-pack-and-johnson-s-asia-heroics-527068 |access-date=9 September 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Though Bangladesh won Rahim's first match in charge, the only T20I [[West Indies cricket team in Bangladesh in 2011-12|against West Indies at home in October]], the team lost the subsequent ODI series 2–1 and the two-match Test series 1–0.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-west-indies-2011/engine/series/531420.html |title=West Indies tour of Bangladesh 2011/12 / Results |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 December 2011}}</ref>

Pakistan [[Pakistani cricket team in Bangladesh in 2011–12|toured in December]], and during the first of three ODIs Bangladesh were dismissed for their 13th score of less than 100 in the format, overtaking Zimbabwe's record of 12&nbsp;times.<ref>{{cite web |last=Binoy |first=George |date=1 December 2011 |title=Afridi's five leads rout of Bangladesh |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pakistan-tour-of-bangladesh-2011-12-538064/bangladesh-vs-pakistan-1st-odi-538069/match-report |access-date=1 December 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Bangladesh got whitewashed comprehensively across formats, 0–1 (T20I), 0–3 (ODIs) and 0–2 (Tests).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-pakistan-2011/content/series/538064.html|title=Pakistan tour of Bangladesh|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In March Bangladesh hosted in the [[2012 Asia Cup]] featuring India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Bangladesh entered the tournament with just two wins from 29 Asia Cup matches.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/asia-cup-2012/content/story/558198.html |title=Bangladesh's chance for unprecedented glory |first=Abhishek |last=Purohit |publisher=Cricinfon |date=21 March 2012 |access-date=23 March 2012}}</ref> Victories against India and Sri Lanka saw [[Bangladesh]] face Pakistan in the final, only the second time the team had reached the final of a multi-national competition.<ref>{{cite web |last=Balachandran |first=Kanishkaa |date=20 March 2012 |title=Team effort takes Bangladesh to historic final |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2011-12-524504/bangladesh-vs-sri-lanka-6th-match-535799/match-report |access-date=23 March 2012 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Though Pakistan won the final by two runs, Bangladesh had exceeded expectations.<ref>{{cite web |last=Purohit |first=Abhishek |date=22 March 2012 |title=Pakistan prevail over gutsy Bangladesh |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2011-12-524504/bangladesh-vs-pakistan-final-535800/match-report |access-date=23 March 2012 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> During the tournament, Tamim Iqbal became the first Bangladeshi player to score four consecutive fifties in ODIs. Shakib Al Hasan was named man of the series after contributing with both the bat and the ball, making 237 runs and taking 6 wickets respectively.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ramakrishnan |first=Madhusudhan |date=22 March 2012 |title=Middle-over batting costs Bangladesh |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-v-pakistan-asia-cup-final-mirpur-middle-over-batting-costs-bangladesh-558358 |access-date=23 March 2012 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

The following month Law announced he would be stepping down as coach in June when his contract was due to expire for personal reasons.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2012 |title=Stuart Law quits as Bangladesh coach |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-news-stuart-law-quits-as-bangladesh-coach-561426 |access-date=18 April 2012 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Bangladesh had not won any Tests (in 5) under Law. Further they only won 5 ODIs (in 15) and 1 T20I (in 2) during this period.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=11;filter=advanced;orderby=start;spanmax1=30+jun+2012;spanmin1=01+jul+2011;spanval1=span;team=25;template=results;type=team|title=Team records &#124; Combined Test, ODI and T20I records &#124; Cricinfo Statsguru &#124; ESPNcricinfo.com|website=Cricinfo}}</ref> Reaching the finals of [[Asia Cup 2012]] was the pinnacle of Law's tenure as Bangladesh coach.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law roped in to help Bangladesh Under-19s |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/stuart-law-roped-in-to-help-bangladesh-under-19s-906039 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

=== Under Richard Pybus (2012) ===
In May 2012 Bangladesh appointed England born [[Richard Pybus]] as their new head coach for two-years, replacing [[Stuart Law]] who stepped down from the post in April.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/may/30/richard-prybus-bangladesh-cricket-coach|title=Bangladesh appoint Richard Pybus as new head coach on two-year deal |date=30 May 2012 |work=The Guardian}}</ref>

In July, [[Bangladeshi cricket team in Ireland and Netherlands in 2012|Bangladesh toured Ireland and Netherlands]]. Bangladesh clean swept the three-match T20I series becoming no. 4 in T20I rankings surpassing Pakistan and Australia. In the same month, Bangladesh lost a T20I against Scotland and shared the two-match T20I series against Netherlands by 1–1.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ireland-nl-v-bangladesh-2012/content/series/567068.html|title=Bangladesh tour of Ireland and Netherlands|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Bangladesh crashed out of the [[2012 ICC World Twenty20]] by losing to New Zealand and Pakistan in the first round.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2012/engine/series/531597.html?view=pointstable|title=Points Table – ICC World Twenty20 2012 – ESPN Cricinfo|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

After only four months at the helm, Pybus notified the BCB of his unwillingness to continue due to issues with his contract and interference from administration.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/content/story/587679.html|title=Pybus to quit as Bangladesh coach|work=Cricinfo |date=23 October 2012}}</ref> Under him Bangladesh won 4 T20Is (in 8).

=== Under Shane Jurgensen (2012–2014) ===
The team's bowling coach and Australian [[Shane Jurgensen]] was appointed as the interim Bangladesh coach for [[West Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2012-13|the series against West Indies at home in November–December 2012]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/content/story/587982.html|title=Jurgensen is interim Bangladesh coach|work=Cricinfo |date=24 October 2012}}</ref> The home team lost the two Tests, but won the ODI series 3–2, before losing the only T20I.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-west-indies-2012/content/series/586566.html|title=West Indies tour of Bangladesh|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In February 2013, BCB announced that Jurgensen will continue as Bangladesh's head coach for the rest of the year.<ref>{{cite news |date=9 February 2013 |title=Shane Jurgensen becomes full-time Bangladesh coach – Cricket – ESPN Cricinfo |work=ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/shane-jurgensen-becomes-full-time-bangladesh-coach-604284 |access-date=9 March 2016}}</ref>

[[Bangladeshi cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2012-13|Bangladesh toured Sri Lanka]] in March 2013 for a full series. In the 1st Test at Galle [[Mushfiqur Rahim]] scored the first double century for Bangladesh in test cricket,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/602472.html|title=1st Test: Sri Lanka v Bangladesh at Galle, Mar 8–12, 2013 – Cricket Scorecard – ESPN Cricinfo|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=9 March 2016}}</ref> and [[Mohammad Ashraful]] chipped in with a handy 190. They were able to draw the 1st Test against Sri Lanka, the first time ever against the island nation.
Sri Lanka won the 2nd Test by 7 wickets and the two match test series 1–0. The three match ODI series was shared 1–1 since the 2nd ODI being washed out. Bangladesh lost the only T20I too.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/sri-lanka-v-bangladesh-2013/content/series/602463.html|title=Bangladesh tour of Sri Lanka|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Then [[Bangladeshi cricket team in Zimbabwe in 2013|they toured Zimbabwe]] from April–May. Bangladesh lost the 1st Test by 335 runs, which marked Zimbabwe's biggest win. Later they won the 2nd Test by 173 runs to share the series with Zimbabwe (1–1). Bangladesh lost the ODI series (1–2) before sharing the T20I series (1–1).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/zimbabwe-v-bangladesh-2013/content/series/623566.html|title=Bangladesh tour of Zimbabwe|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Later in October–November 2013, [[New Zealand cricket team in Bangladesh in 2013-14|New Zealand toured Bangladesh]] for a full series. Bangladesh achieved a new feat sharing the two-match test series (0–0) on home soil against New Zealand, the first against the country.

This was followed by 3–0 series whitewash win for Bangladesh in ODIs, before losing the only T20I.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-new-zealand-2013-14/content/series/668933.html|title=New Zealand tour of Bangladesh|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

[[Sri Lankan cricket team in Bangladesh in 2013-14|Sri Lanka toured Bangladesh]] for full series from January–February 2014. Bangladesh slip to their fourth-heaviest defeat in their Test history after losing the 1st Test by an innings and 248 runs. The 2nd test was a high scoring draw and Bangladesh lost the series (0–1).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/690341.html|title=Sri Lanka in Bangladesh Test Series|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Later they got whitewashed in the T20I (0–2)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/690343.html|title=Sri Lanka in Bangladesh T20I Series|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> and the ODI (0–3)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/690345.html|title=Sri Lanka in Bangladesh ODI Series|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> series.

That was followed up by a series of defeats (0–4) against Asian Cricketing nations (India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) at the league stage of [[2014 Asia Cup]] conducted on their home soil and Bangladesh finished at the bottom of the table.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/asia-cup-2014/engine/series/671665.html?view=pointstable|title=Points Table – Asia Cup – ESPN Cricinfo|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Associate Afghanistan's win against Bangladesh was their first ODI victory against a Test-playing nation.

Bangladesh ended their 11-match win-less run in 2014 defeating two associates (Afghanistan and Nepal) in consecutive T20Is at the [[2014 ICC World Twenty20]] Group stage. Their loss to another associate, Hong Kong, did not prevent them reaching the Super 10 stage. However at the Super 10 stage, Bangladesh lost all (0–4) their matches against West Indies, India, Pakistan and Australia.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/world-t20/engine/series/628368.html?view=pointstable|title=Points Table – World T20 – ESPN Cricinfo|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

The coach resigned from his position less than a month after the World T20, where the team won just two out of seven matches. Under Jurgensen, Bangladesh won 1 Test (in 10), 8 ODIs (in 21) and 3 T20Is (in 14). Highlights of his tenure were the Test win after 4 years (against Zimbabwe), shared two-test series against New Zealand at home, 3–0 ODI clean sweep against New Zealand at home and securing 2 draws in Tests against Sri Lanka (away and home).<ref>{{cite news |date=28 April 2014 |title=Shane Jurgensen resigns as Bangladesh coach – Cricket – ESPN Cricinfo |work=ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/shane-jurgensen-resigns-as-bangladesh-coach-740185 |access-date=9 March 2016}}</ref>

=== Under Chandika Hathurusingha (2014–2017) ===
[[File:Mushfiqur_Rahim_2009_(cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Mushfiqur Rahim]] captained Bangladesh in their historic 100th ODI win over Sri Lanka and their first test win against England and Australia.]]

The BCB appointed [[Chandika Hathurusingha]], a former Sri Lanka batsman, as Bangladesh's head coach for a two-year period.<ref name="espncricinfo.com">{{cite news |date=19 May 2014 |title=Hathurusingha named Bangladesh coach |work=ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/hathurusingha-named-bangladesh-coach-745747 |access-date=9 March 2016}}</ref>

The first series under the new coach was [[Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2014|against India at home]]. Bangladesh lost the first & second ODI comprehensively and the 3rd was washed out and lost the series 2–0.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-india-2014/content/series/743887.html|title=India tour of Bangladesh|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In August 2014, [[Bangladeshi cricket team in the West Indies in 2014|Bangladesh toured West Indies]] for a full series.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/west-indies-v-bangladesh-2014/content/series/730263.html|title=Bangladesh tour of West Indies|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> West Indies beat Bangladesh 3–0 in the ODI series extending Bangladesh's win-less ODI run for 13 matches. In the 2nd ODI Bangladesh was bundled out for 70 which is the 3rd lowest total for Bangladesh. Bangladesh lost the match by 177 Runs. Only the T20I match was abandoned. Further, West Indies white-washed Bangladesh in the Test series 2–0, defeating Bangladesh by 10 wickets in the 1st Test and by 296 runs in the 2nd Test respectively.

Bangladesh finally emerged victorious during the [[Zimbabwean cricket team in Bangladesh in 2014–15|Zimbabwe tour in Bangladesh]] whitewashing the visitors 3–0 during the Test series. Bangladesh claimed No. 9 ranking with the series victory pushing Zimbabwe to No. 10. In the ODI series, Bangladesh whitewashed Zimbabwe 5–0.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-zimbabwe-2014-15/content/series/760771.html|title=Zimbabwe tour of Bangladesh|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

====2015: Rise in ODI====
At the turn of the new year, Bangladeshi all-rounder [[Shakib Al Hasan]] emerged as the number one all-rounder in all formats of the game. This was the first time that any player ever achieved such a feat, after the ICC introduced ranking system.<ref name="news.com.au">{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/sport/cricket/shakib-al-hasan-just-may-be-the-worlds-best-cricketer/story-fndpt0dy-1227184515219|title=Shakib Al Hasan tops ICC all-rounder rankings in all three formats|date=14 January 2015|work=NewsComAu|access-date=9 March 2016}}</ref>

During the group stage of the [[2015 Cricket World Cup]], Bangladesh defeated Afghanistan in their first game<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8039/scorecard/656411/Afghanistan-vs-Bangladesh-7th-Match,-Pool-A-world-cup/|title=7th match, Pool A (D/N), ICC Cricket World Cup at Canberra, Feb 18 2015 – Match Summary|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> where Shakib Al Hasan became the first Bangladeshi cricketer to reach 4,000 ODI runs and their next match against Australia was Washed Out.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8039/scorecard/656419/Australia-vs-Bangladesh-11th-Match,-Pool-A-world-cup/|title=11th Match, Pool A (D/N), ICC Cricket World Cup at Brisbane, Feb 21 2015 – Match Summary|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> They lost their next game to Sri Lanka by 92 runs.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8039/scorecard/656433/Bangladesh-vs-Sri-Lanka-18th-Match,-Pool-A-world-cup/|title=18th Match, Pool A (D/N), ICC Cricket World Cup at Melbourne, Feb 26 2015 – Match Summary|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Following that, they achieved their highest successful run-chase in an ODI, when they chased down Scotland's 318,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8039/scorecard/656451/Bangladesh-vs-Scotland-27th-Match,-Pool-A-world-cup/|title=27th Match, Pool A, ICC Cricket World Cup at Nelson, Mar 5 2015 – Match Summary|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Bangladesh later qualified for the second quarterfinal in the 2015 world cup, by defeating England.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8039/scorecard/656463/Bangladesh-vs-England-33rd-Match,-Pool-A-world-cup/|title=33rd Match, Pool A (D/N), ICC Cricket World Cup at Adelaide, Mar 9 2015 – Match Summary|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> At the second quarter-final, India comprehensively defeated Bangladesh by 109 runs, knocking them out of the 2015 World Cup.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8039/scorecard/656485/Bangladesh-vs-India-2nd-Quarter-Final-world-cup/|title=2nd quarter-Final (D/N), ICC Cricket World Cup at Melbourne, Mar 19 2015 – Match Summary|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> After a successful World Cup campaign, reaching the quarter final for the first time, the whole team was given a grand reception at the airport on 22 March.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/world-cup/rousing-welcome-for-bangladesh-wc-team/article7021039.ece|title=Rousing welcome for Bangladesh WC team|first=Haroon|last=Habib|date=22 March 2015|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>

In April–May 2015, [[Pakistani cricket team in Bangladesh in 2014–15|Pakistan was in Bangladesh]] for a full series.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-pakistan-2015/content/series/856311.html|title=Pakistan tour of Bangladesh|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Bangladesh won the ODI series 3–0 recording their first series victory over Pakistanis. The only T20I was also won by Bangladesh. However Pakistan claimed the Test series victory (1–0), by drawing the first test and winning the second test by 328 runs.

A full strength [[Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2015|Indian team arrived in Bangladesh]] in June 2015, for a one-off Test and 3 ODIs, where the Indians were expected to win comfortably. During the Test, the Indian team was too strong for Bangladesh where they were enforced to follow on. But the heavy rain interruptions denied a decisive result (only 184.2 overs were played). However excellent performances by the batsmen and ODI debutant bowler [[Mustafizur Rahman]] had the tables turned over as Bangladesh convincingly won the first two ODIs and for the first time, won a bilateral series against India by a margin of 2–1.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-india-2015/content/series/870723.html|title=India tour of Bangladesh|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

During July 2015 [[South African cricket team in Bangladesh in 2015|South Africa visited Bangladesh]] for 2 T20Is, 3 ODIs and 2 Tests.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-south-africa-2015/content/series/817095.html|title=South Africa tour of Bangladesh|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> South Africa whitewashed Bangladesh in the T20I series (2–0) and took the lead of ODI series winning the first match. However Bangladesh came back strongly and completely dominated South Africa in the following two matches, showing excellent performance in all three departments where none of the team in any match could reach 200 runs in an innings in the whole ODI series, to win the series by a margin of 2–1, which marked the first series win ever against South Africa.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 July 2015 |title=Bangladesh seal series with nine-wicket win |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/south-africa-tour-of-bangladesh-2015-817095/bangladesh-vs-south-africa-3rd-odi-817211/match-report |access-date=7 March 2016}}</ref> Two match test series was shared (0–0) after heavy monsoon rains curtailed both games (played 221<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11365/report/817213/Bangladesh-vs-South-Africa-1st-Test-south-africa-tour-of-bangladesh|title=1st Test, South Africa tour of Bangladesh at Chittagong, Jul 21–25 2015 – Match Report|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> and 88.1 overs<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11365/report/817215/day/4|title=2nd Test, South Africa tour of Bangladesh at Dhaka, Jul 30 – Aug 3 2015 – Match Report|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> respectively).

Strong performances shown by Bangladesh in ODIs since the ICC Cricket World Cup 2015, winning ODI series against Pakistan, India and South Africa, helped it jump from ninth to seventh in the ODI Team Rankings. Since they were ranked No. 7 in ODIs on 30 September 2015 which was the cut-off date, they have qualified for the [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy]] replacing West Indies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/181968|title=Teams confirmed for ICC Champions Trophy 2017|website=www.icc-cricket.com}}</ref>

In November 2015, The [[Zimbabwean cricket team in Bangladesh in 2015–16|Zimbabwean cricket team]] toured in Bangladesh. The tour consisted of three [[One Day International]]s (ODIs), two [[Twenty20 International]]s (T20Is). Bangladesh won the ODI series 3–0 and shared the T20I series 1–1.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-zimbabwe-2015-16/content/series/931380.html|title=Zimbabwe tour of Bangladesh|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

====2016: Rise in T20I====
In January 2016, [[Zimbabwean cricket team in Bangladesh in 2015-16|Zimbabwe toured Bangladesh]] for another T20I series consisting of 4 games. Again the series was shared 2–2.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-zimbabwe-jan-2015-16/content/series/958411.html|title=Zimbabwe tour of Bangladesh [Jan 2016]|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

The golden run continued to Bangladesh when they became runner up of [[2016 Asia Cup]], played on home soil.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/asia-cup-2015-16/content/series/966595.html|title=Asia Cup|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> They lost the first match at group stage to India. Then they won against [[United Arab Emirates national cricket team|UAE]] and then Sri Lanka (reigning World T20 champions and Asian champions at that time). They also beat Pakistan to reach the Asia Cup final for the second time. However they were again comprehensively beaten by India in the final.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/966595/scorecard/966765/Bangladesh-vs-India-Final-Asia-Cup|title=Final (N), Asia Cup at Dhaka, Mar 6 2016 – Match Summary|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

However Bangladesh did not have a significant success during the [[2016 ICC World Twenty20]] held in India in March–April 2016.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2016/content/series/901359.html|title=World T20|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Wins against two associates (Netherlands and Oman) and the washed out game against another associate (Ireland) at the group stage saw them reach the Super 10.

In the group stage match against Oman, Tamim Iqbal became first Bangladeshi batsman to score a T20I century and at least a century in all formats. They returned home losing all four games at the Super 10 stage against full members Pakistan, Australia, India and New Zealand.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-world-twenty20-2016/engine/series/901359.html?view=pointstable|title=Points Table – World T20 – ESPN Cricinfo|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In September 2016, [[Afghan cricket team in Bangladesh in 2016-17|Afghanistan toured Bangladesh]] for an ODI series. Bangladesh emerged victorious in another home ODI series by 2–1.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/_/id/10798/afg-tour-of-bdesh-2016-17|title=Afghanistan tour of Bangladesh 2016/17 Scores, Fixtures, Tables & News|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

This was followed by the [[English cricket team in Bangladesh in 2016-17|England tour of Bangladesh]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/_/id/10713/england-tour-of-bdesh-2016-17|title=England tour of Bangladesh 2016/17 Scores, Fixtures, Tables & News|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> where Bangladesh lost the [[English cricket team in Bangladesh in 2016–17|ODI]] leg by 2–1. But they secured a historic Test win (by 108-runs) against England,<ref>{{cite news |date=30 October 2016 |title=Cook rues lack of 'world-class' spin as Bangladesh seal historic win |work=ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/alastair-cook-rues-lack-of-world-class-spin-as-bangladesh-seal-historic-win-1064022 |access-date=30 October 2016}}</ref> their first win in 10 attempts, and sharing the two-match Test series 1–1, after losing the first Test narrowly by 22-runs.
Bangladesh [[Bangladesh cricket team in New Zealand in 2016-17|toured New Zealand]] for a complete series in December 2016.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/_/id/10680/bangladesh-tour-of-new-zealand|title=Bangladesh tour of New Zealand 2016/17 Scores, Fixtures, Tables & News|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Bangladesh started the tour with a 3–0 whitewash defeat in ODI series and the dawn of new year 2017 saw a similar 3–0 whitewash defeat in T20I series. Further, Bangladesh lost the Test series 2–0. However they broke the 123 years old record for the Highest first innings total in tests to lose during the 1st Test vs New Zealand by scoring 595/8 dec.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh's 595: the highest total in a losing cause |work=ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/stats-bangladesh-s-595-the-highest-total-in-a-losing-cause-1077894 |access-date=23 January 2017}}</ref> They finished the tour losing all the games 8–0.

Then [[Bangladeshi cricket team in India in 2016-17|Bangladesh toured India]] in February 2017 for the historical first Test match between two countries on Indian soil. India won the game comprehensively by 208 runs, having declared in both innings.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10768/scorecard/1041761/India-vs-Bangladesh-Only-Test-bangladesh-tour-of-india-2016-17/|title=Only Test, Bangladesh tour of India at Hyderabad, Feb 9–13 2017 – Match Summary|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

The next assignment for Bangladesh was [[Bangladeshi cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2016-17|another full away tour in Sri Lanka]] in March–April 2017. Bangladesh were comprehensively beaten by 259 runs in the first Test. However, they were able draw the Test series 1–1, by winning the second Test by four-wicket. That meant Bangladesh won their 100th Test match becoming one of the four teams to achieve that feat. Further this was Bangladesh's first Test match victory against Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/18949394/sixteen-years-18-tries-one-win|title=Sixteen years, 18 tries, one win|work=ESPNcricinfo |date=19 March 2017}}</ref>
Bangladesh led the ODI series after two games 1–0, since winning the first ODI by 90 runs and the second ODI being washed away by rain. However Sri Lanka won the third ODI by 70 runs, levelling the ODI series 1–1. The T20I series was also shared 1–1.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/_/id/11018/sl-v-bdesh-2016-17|title=Bangladesh tour of Sri Lanka 2016/17 Scores, Fixtures, Tables & News|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In May 2017, Bangladesh finished second at the [[2017 Ireland Tri-Nation Series]] held in Ireland, winning 2 (vs New Zealand and Ireland), losing 1 (vs New Zealand) and 1 washed out (vs Ireland) games.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/table/series/11122/ireland-tri-series|title=Ireland Tri-Nation Series Table – 2017|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Bangladesh moved to sixth place in the [[ICC Men's ODI Team Rankings|ICC ODI Rankings]] for the first time following its 5 wickets victory over 4th ranked New Zealand. This was also the first time Bangladesh has been ranked ahead of three former world champions – Sri Lanka, Pakistan, the West Indies – and Zimbabwe.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/402752|title=Bangladesh goes into CT17 as sixth-ranked team after historic win|work=[[International Cricket Council|ICC]]|date=23 May 2017|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref>

Bangladesh started the [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy]] campaign with a defeat in the series opener against England. However, a washout against Australia and a famous win against New Zealand in Cardiff helped them to reach the semi-finals for the first time in Bangladesh cricket history.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/table/series/8037/season/2017/icc-champions-trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy (ICC KnockOut) Table – 2017|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
They were knocked out of the tournament after losing to India by 9 wickets in the semi-finals.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8037/scorecard/1022373/Bangladesh-vs-India-2nd-Semi-final-icc-champions-trophy/|title=2nd Semi-final, ICC Champions Trophy at Birmingham, Jun 15 2017 – Match Summary|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

[[Australian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2017|Australia toured Bangladesh]] in August–September 2017 for a two-match Test series. Host Bangladesh registered their first Test match win ever over Australia when they defeated the touring team by 20 runs during the first Test.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11143/scorecard/1104284/Bangladesh-vs-Australia-1st-Test-bdesh-v-aus-2017/|title=1st Test, Australia tour of Bangladesh at Dhaka, Aug 27–30 2017 – Match Summary|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> However Bangladesh was unable to secure the series victory, since Australia won the second Test by 7 wickets and the series was shared 1–1.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/_/id/11143/bdesh-v-aus-2017|title=Australia tour of Bangladesh 2017 Scores, Fixtures, Tables & News|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=11 April 2019}}</ref>

In September–October 2017, [[Bangladeshi cricket team in South Africa in 2017-18|Bangladesh toured South Africa]] to play 2 Tests, 3 ODIs and 2 T20Is where Bangladesh was whitewashed 0–7 across formats.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/_/id/10904/bangladesh-tour-of-sa-2017-18|title=Bangladesh tour of South Africa 2017/18 Scores, Fixtures, Tables & News|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Team South Africa was too strong for Bangladesh and these games were extremely one-sided, creating several new team and personal records. Bangladesh lost two Test by 333 runs and by an innings and 254 runs respectively. The latter being the biggest Test win ever for South Africa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/20954476/bangladesh-demolished-rabada-rise|title=Rabada on the rise|date=8 October 2017}}</ref> South Africa won the 1st ODI by 10 wickets which registered the highest target (279) chased down without losing a wicket in ODIs. In last two ODIs Bangladesh lost comprehensively by 104 and by 200 runs. Later Bangladesh also lost the 2 T20Is by 20 runs and 83 runs. During the 2nd T20I David Miller scored the fastest T20I century ever recorded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21210612/david-miller-smashes-record-fastest-t20i-ton|title=Miller smashes record for fastest T20I ton|date=29 October 2017}}</ref> However, during the middle of this tour Bangladesh was qualified for the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]] since they were at No. 7 of ICC ODI rankings by 30 September 2017 cut-off date.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/476792|title=Sri Lanka qualify for ICC Cricket World Cup 2019|website=www.icc-cricket.com}}</ref>

On 9 November 2017, BCB president Nazmul Hassan announced that Hathurusingha submitted resignation from the post of Bangladesh head coach during the team's tour of South Africa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21351286/hathurusingha-submitted-resignation-sa-tour-bcb-president|title=Hathurusingha submitted resignation during SA tour – BCB president|date=9 November 2017}}</ref> During his tenure, Bangladesh won 6 Tests (in 21), 25 ODIs (in 52) and 10 T20Is (in 29) which is arguably the most successful era of Bangladesh Cricket.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=start;spanmax2=09+Nov+2017;spanmin1=10+Jun+2014;spanval1=span;spanval2=span;team=25;template=results;type=team|title=Team records &#124; Test matches &#124; Cricinfo Statsguru &#124; ESPNcricinfo.com|website=Cricinfo}}</ref> Further, under his wings Bangladesh reached quarter finals of [[2015 Cricket World Cup]], qualified and later reached semi-finals of 2017 ICC Champions Trophy, qualified for 2019 Cricket World Cup, became runner up of 2016 Asia Cup, defeated India, Pakistan and South Africa in home bilateral series, climbed up to No. 6 of ODI rankings, registered their first Test wins against England, Sri Lanka and Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/content/story/1125712.html|title=Uncertainty over Hathurusingha's future as Bangladesh coach|work=Cricinfo |date=9 November 2017}}</ref> He was instrumental in Bangladesh beginning to actively picking more pace bowlers in their attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/19625529/how-bangladesh-came-pace-heavy-odi-attack|title=How Bangladesh came to have a pace-heavy ODI attack|date=14 June 2017}}</ref>

Shakib Al Hasan had replaced Mushfiqur Rahim as Bangladesh's Test captain, starting with the [[Sri Lankan cricket team in Bangladesh in 2017-18|Sri Lanka's tour]] in January 2018. Mahmudullah took over the vice-captaincy from Tamim Iqbal while the BCB was set to announce a new coach.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21725908/shakib-al-hasan-named-new-bangladesh-test-captain|title=Shakib named new Bangladesh Test captain|date=10 December 2017}}</ref>

=== Under Richard Halsall (2018) ===
BCB chairman announced that their assistant coach [[Richard Halsall]], will be in charge of coaching the team ahead of the Tri-nation ODI series held in January 2018 at home.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21931420/bangladesh-head-coach-zimbabwe-sri-lanka-tri-series|title=Bangladesh without head coach for Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka tri-series|date=January 2018}}</ref> Convincing wins against low ranked opponents, Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe, in the first three group games saw Bangladesh reach the finals. Bangladesh recorded their biggest win in ODI cricket (won by 163 runs) against Sri Lanka during the process. However Bangladesh were bowled out for 82 (which was their ninth-lowest ODI total) and lost by 10 wickets in the last group game against Sri Lanka. They met Sri Lanka in the finals and lost the match by 79 runs, extending their win-less run in tournament finals. The 1st Test against Sri Lanka was a high scoring draw. Later, Bangladesh lost the 2nd Test by 215 runs inside 3 days, conceding the Test series 1–0. Bangladesh also lost the T20I series 2–0.

=== Under Courtney Walsh (2018) ===
[[File:Bangladesh team on practice session at Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium (4).jpg|thumb|250px|Bangladesh team on practice session at Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]]
Courtney Walsh acted as the interim coach for [[2018 Nidahas Trophy]], a triangular T20I series held in Sri Lanka in March.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22584350/courtney-walsh-named-bangladesh-interim-head-coach|title=Walsh named Bangladesh's interim head coach|work=ESPNcricinfo |date=26 February 2018}}</ref> Bangladesh lost the tournament final against India, after reaching there defeating Sri Lanka twice in group matches.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/_/id/18547/season/2018/nidahas-twenty20-tri-series|title=Nidahas Twenty20 Tri-Series 2018 Scores, Fixtures, Tables & News|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

On 1 May 2018, Bangladesh broke into the top eight of the Test rankings for the first time, as a result of the ICC's annual update to the rankings.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jagonews24.com/sports/cricket|title=Bangladesh at No.8 in ICC Test Rankings|website=jagonews24.com|date=1 May 2018|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/cricket/2018/05/02/mushfiq-delighted-tigers-rise-test-ranking|title=Mushfiq delighted with Tigers' rise in Test ranking|work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|date=2 May 2018|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bangladesh overtake West Indies to eighth in ICC Test rankings|url=https://bdnews24.com/cricket/2018/05/01/bangladesh-overtake-west-indies-to-eighth-in-icc-test-rankings|work=bdnews23.com|date=1 May 2018|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref>

Bangladesh got whitewashed in a 3 match T20I series [[Bangladeshi cricket team against Afghanistan in India in 2018|against Afghanistan in India]], losing their matches by 45 runs, by 6 wickets and by 1 run respectively. This recorded Bangladesh's first T20I match loss ever and their first T20I series loss against Afghans as well.<ref>{{cite news |title=Advantage Afghanistan in spin-friendly Dehradun |work=ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/afg-in-india-2018-1133249/afghanistan-vs-bangladesh-1st-t20i-1145982/match-preview |access-date=3 June 2018}}</ref>

===Under Steve Rhodes (2018–2019)===
BCB appointed former England wicketkeeper [[Steve Rhodes]] the Bangladesh head coach in early March [[Bangladeshi cricket team in the West Indies and the United States in 2018|ahead of West Indies tour.]]<ref>{{cite news |date=5 June 2018 |title=Steve Rhodes set to become next Bangladesh coach |work=ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/steve-rhodes-set-to-become-next-bangladesh-coach-1148596}}</ref>

Bangladesh hit an all-time low when they were dismissed for 43 (their lowest score in Tests) during the 1st Test against West Indies at North Sound and eventually lost the test by an innings and 219 runs.<ref>{{cite news |date=4 July 2018 |title=Bangladesh crash to all-time low in Antigua |work=ESPNcricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-crash-to-all-time-low-in-antigua-1151233}}</ref> Later Bangladesh lost the 2nd Test by 166 runs and lost the series 2–0. Later they performed well in limited overs formats and eventually ended up the tour by winning the three match ODI and T20I series by 2–1 margin each.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/103487/liton-das-mustafizur-rahman-help-bangladesh-to-series-win|work=Cricbuzz|title=Liton, Mustafizur help Bangladesh to series win|date=6 August 2018 }}</ref>

Bangladesh started their [[Asia Cup 2018]] campaign with a win over Sri Lanka by 137 runs, which was their biggest win, by runs in ODIs away from home. Even though they faced a heavy loss in their next match at group stage against Afghanistan, (lost by 136 runs – Bangladesh's biggest loss, by runs in ODIs against Afghanistan), they have progressed to the Super Four stage. Bangladesh lost to India by 7 wickets, narrowly won against Afghanistan by 3 runs and defeated Pakistan by 37 runs at the Super Four stage to reach the [[2018 Asia Cup Final|Final of the Asia Cup]]. At the Final, they lost to India by 3 wickets, extending their win-less record in tournament Finals.

In October–November, Bangladesh hosted a three-match ODI and two-match test series [[Zimbabwean cricket team in Bangladesh in 2018–19|against Zimbabwe]]. Bangladesh won the ODI series 3–0 while they drew the test series 1–1, losing the first test of the series at [[Sylhet International Cricket Stadium|Sylhet]] which was the inaugural test of the venue.

[[West Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2018–19|West Indies toured Bangladesh]] for a full series in November–December. Bangladesh won the 2 match test series 2–0. By defeating West Indies in the 2nd test by an innings and 184 runs, Bangladesh recorded their first innings victory in Test cricket. Bangladesh also won the 3 match ODI series by 2–1 margin. But lost the T20I series by 2–1 margin.
Bangladesh toured New Zealand in February–March 2019. Bangladesh got whitewashed in the 3 match ODI series. Bangladesh lost the first Test at Hamilton by an innings and 52 runs. Later they have lost the second Test at Wellington by an innings and 12 runs even after the first two days play were abandoned due to rain. The third test was canceled following the [[Christchurch mosque shootings]], which the team narrowly escaped.<ref>[https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/cricket/111314794/bangladesh-cricket-team-escape-christchurch-mosque-shooting Christchurch mosque shootings: Black Caps v Bangladesh test cancelled], Stuff, 15 March 2019</ref>

Bangladesh won their first ever multi-team ODI tournament final at Dublin on 17 May 2019 defeating West Indies by 5 wickets (D/L method) at the [[2019 Ireland Tri-Nation Series]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11122/scorecard/1168514/bangladesh-vs-west-indies-final-ireland-tri-nation-series-2019|title=Full Scorecard of Bangladesh vs West Indies, Ireland Tri-Nation Series, Final – Score Report|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en|access-date=11 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ireland-tr-series-final-bangladesh-vs-west-indies-odi-mosaddek-hossain-1527952-2019-05-18 |title=Bangladesh beat West Indies to lift maiden multi-nation ODI trophy|work=India Today|date=17 May 2019}}</ref> Bangladesh reached the finals defeating West Indies twice and Ireland once during league phase and the other league match against Ireland was washed out due to rain.

{{Single-innings cricket match|bg=#eee
| date = 17 May 2019
| time = 10:45
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| team2 = {{cr|BAN}}
| score1 = 152/1 (24 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shai Hope]] 74 (64)
| wickets1 = [[Mehedi Hasan]] 1/22 (4 overs)
| score2 = 213/5 (22.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Soumya Sarkar]] 66 (41)
| wickets2 = [[Raymon Reifer]] 2/23 (3.5 overs)
| result = Bangladesh won by 5 wickets ([[Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method|DLS method]])
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1168514.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Malahide Cricket Club Ground|The Village]], [[Malahide]]
| umpires = [[Richard Kettleborough]] (Eng) and [[Paul Reynolds (umpire)|Paul Reynolds]] (Ire)
| motm = [[Mosaddek Hossain]] (Ban)
| toss = Bangladesh won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = Bangladesh were set a revised target of 210 runs from 24 overs due to rain.
| notes =
}}

Even though they entered the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]] with high expectations, Bangladesh finished 8th at the group stage and was unable to reach the semi-finals, after winning only three of their nine matches.

In July 2019, Rhodes' contract with the BCB was terminated, following the team's eighth-place finish in the tournament.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bangladesh part ways with coach Steve Rhodes |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-part-ways-with-coach-steve-rhodes-1193484 |access-date=8 July 2019 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

===Under Khaled Mahmud (2019)===
[[Khaled Mahmud]], who played for Bangladesh in the [[1999 Cricket World Cup]], was subsequently appointed as interim coach after [[Steve Rhodes]]'s contract being terminated. His first assignment in charge was Bangladesh's [[Bangladeshi cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2019|three-match ODI tour of Sri Lanka]], from 26 to 31 July 2019, which Bangladesh received a whitewash losing the series 0–3.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1298150|title=Sri Lanka seal ODI clean sweep of Bangladesh|work=icc-cricket.com|date=31 July 2019}}</ref>

===Under Russell Domingo (2019–2022)===
[[File:Day night test at Eden gardens.jpeg|thumb|Bangladesh played their first ever Day/night Test match against India at [[Eden Gardens]] in November 2019.]]
BCB appointed [[Russell Domingo]] as the head coach for the national team for a 2-year contract on 17 August 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/109404/russell-domingo-appointed-bangladesh-head-coach|title=Russell Domingo appointed Bangladesh head coach|work=Cricbuzz|date=17 August 2019}}</ref>
In his first assignment as coach [[Afghan cricket team in Bangladesh in 2019–20|Bangladesh lost to Afghanistan]] in one-off Test match at [[Zohur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium|Chittagong]] in September 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rashid bags 11 as Afghanistan use small window to seal big win |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/afg-in-bangladesh-2019-1197133/bangladesh-vs-afghanistan-only-test-1197138/match-report |access-date=24 February 2021 |work=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> But in [[2019–20 Bangladesh Tri-Nation Series|the tri-series]], comprising [[Afghanistan national cricket team|Afghanistan]] and [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]], Bangladesh reached to final winning 3 of their 4 group matches. But the final match with Afghanistan was washed away and two teams shared the trophy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19449/report/1197146/bangladesh-vs-afghanistan-final-bangladesh-twenty20-tri-series |title=Trophy shared as rain washes out final in Dhaka |work=Cricinfo|publisher=ESPN|date=10 September 2019}}</ref>

[[Bangladeshi cricket team in India in 2019–20|Bangladesh then toured India in October–November]] to play 3 T20Is and 2 Test matches. Bangladesh started their [[World Test Championship]] campaign with this Test series. Just before few days of the tour Bangladesh's regular Test and T20I captain [[Shakib Al Hasan]] was banned for 2 years by ICC after accepting three charges under ICC Anti-Corruption Code.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shakib Al Hasan banned after accepting three charges under ICC Anti-Corruption Code |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1473892#:~:text=29%20Oct%2019-,Shakib%20Al%20Hasan%20banned%20after%20accepting%20three%20charges%20under%20ICC,the%20ICC%20Anti%2DCorruption%20Code. |access-date=24 February 2021 |work=www.icc-cricket.com |language=en}}</ref> Subsequently, [[Mominul Haque]] was given the charge of Test captaincy and [[Mahmudullah]] as T20I captain. Bangladesh won the first match of the tour, the first T20I at [[Arun Jaitley Stadium|Delhi]] by 7 wickets and lost the remaining 2 matches by 8 wickets and 30 runs respectively losing the series 1–2.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/india-vs-bangladesh-3rd-t20i-win-series-report-6113339/ |title=Deepak Chahar demolishes Bangladesh with 6/7, India win T20I series 2–1 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=10 November 2019}}</ref>
Bangladesh lost both Test matches by an innings margin, as their batsmen failed to capitalize. Whereas the second Test was the first-ever [[Day/night cricket|Day/night Test match]] played by both teams.<ref name="International Cricket Council">{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1498140 |title=Bangladesh brace for another historic first against India |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=22 November 2019}}</ref>

In January and February 2020, Bangladesh [[Bangladeshi cricket team in Pakistan in 2019-20|toured Pakistan]] to play one Test match and three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches. Pakistan won the T20I series by 2–0, with the third match abandoned due to rain. The Test match was played as part of the inaugural 2019–21 ICC World Test Championship. Bangladesh lost the Test by an innings and 44 runs.

In February 2020, [[Zimbabwean cricket team in Bangladesh in 2019–20|Zimbabwe toured Bangladesh]] to play one [[Test cricket|Test]], three [[One Day International|ODI]] and two [[Twenty20 International|T20I]] matches.<ref name="icc-cricket.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/742337 |title=Schedule for inaugural World Test Championship announced |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/06/20/6dc2c8d4-e1a5-4dec-94b4-7121fab3cd7f/ICC_Tours.pdf |title=Men's Future Tours Programme |access-date=11 January 2019 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/chevrons-set-to-bounce-back/ |title=Zimbabwe: Chevrons Set to Bounce Back |work=The Herald |date=2 December 2019 |access-date=4 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/cricket/full-schedule-of-bangladesh-cricket-team-in-2020-including-test-series-against-australia-with-shakib-al-hasan-banned-1.958164 |title=Full schedule of Bangladesh cricket team in 2020 including Test series against Australia with Shakib Al Hasan banned |work=The National |access-date=1 January 2020}}</ref> Bangladesh won the one-off Test match by an innings and 106 runs, which was Bangladesh's first Test win since Domingo took charge as the head coach of the team as well as it was their only second Test match win by an innings margin.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh beat Zimbabwe by innings and 106 runs |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/bangladesh-cricket/news/mominul-mushy-look-secure-dominant-position-1872286 |access-date=25 February 2020 |work=The Daily Star |date=24 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
Ahead of the tour, the BCB announced that it would be [[Mashrafe Mortaza]]'s last series as captain of the ODI team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/2020/02/19/mashrafe-set-to-play-last-odi-series-as-captain |title=Mashrafe set to play last ODI series as captain |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=19 February 2020 |access-date=19 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Zimbabwe series will be Mashrafe Mortaza's last as captain – BCB president |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/zimbabwe-series-will-be-mashrafe-mortaza-s-last-as-captain-bcb-president-1216822 |access-date=19 February 2020 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Prior to the third ODI, Mortaza confirmed that he would be stepping down as Bangladesh's ODI captain after the series.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mashrafe Mortaza to step down as captain after Zimbabwe ODIs |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/mashrafe-mortaza-to-step-down-as-captain-after-zimbabwe-odis-1218460 |access-date=5 March 2020 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Bangladesh won the ODI series 3–0, with Mortaza recording his 50th win in an ODI match as captain with victory in the third match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketworld.com/3rd-odi-bangladesh-v-zimbabwe-bangladesh-win-by-123-runs-dls-/62345.htm |title=3rd ODI Bangladesh v Zimbabwe: Bangladesh win by 123 runs (DLS) |work=Cricket World |access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref>

In an attempt to mitigate the impact of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], the BCB restricted ticket sales for the first T20I match to one per person.<ref>{{cite web |title=One ticket per person for first T20I – BCB reacts to coronavirus concerns |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/one-ticket-per-person-for-first-t20i-bcb-reacts-to-coronavirus-concerns-1218843 |access-date=9 March 2020 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Bangladesh won the T20I series 2–0,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/bangladesh-beat-zimbabwe-by-nine-wickets-to-win-t20-series/story-f0kKEdeZXdcI2sEzWZVdII.html |title=Bangladesh beat Zimbabwe by nine wickets to win T20 series |work=Hindustan Times |date=11 March 2020 |access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> to win all six international fixtures against Zimbabwe in the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1644429 |title=Das continues fine form as Zimbabwe go winless |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> It was the first time that Bangladesh had [[Whitewash (sport)#Cricket|whitewashed]] a team in a single series across all three formats of [[international cricket]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bdnews24.com/cricket/2020/03/11/liton-shines-as-bangladesh-complete-t20-series-sweep-against-zimbabwe |title=Liton shines as Bangladesh complete T20 series sweep against Zimbabwe |work=BD News24 |access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref>

In January 2021, Bangladesh played their first international series after the COVID-19 pandemic [[West Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2020–21|against West Indies]] at home. The ODI matches were part of the inaugural ICC Cricket World Cup Super League. Bangladesh won the ODI series by 3–0.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/cricket/2021/01/25/bangladesh-21-1-after-5-overs-against-wi |title=Tigers beat WI by 120 runs to sweep ODI series 3–0 |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=25 January 2021 |access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref> The two Test matches was played as part of the inaugural 2019–21 ICC World Test Championship. West Indies won the first Test by 3 wickets chasing 395, which was the highest successful run chase in Asia and overall fifth highest run chase in Test cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ban-vs-wi-1st-test-chattogram-stats-kyle-mayers-bags-the-highest-fourth-innings-score-in-asia-1250655 |title=Stats: Kyle Mayers bags the highest fourth-innings score in Asia |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=7 February 2021}}</ref> They also went onto win the 2nd Test by 17 runs, thus whitewashed Bangladesh in Test at home since 2012–13.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/cricket/2021/02/14/west-indies-62-5 |title=WI beat Bangladesh by 17 runs, sweep series 2–0 |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=14 February 2021 |access-date=14 February 2021}}</ref>

In March 2021, [[Bangladeshi cricket team in New Zealand in 2020-21|Bangladesh toured New Zealand]] to play 3 match ODI series and a 3 match T20I series. They lost both the ODI series and T20I series by 3–0. The ODI matches were part of the inaugural ICC Cricket World Cup Super League.

In April 2021, [[Bangladeshi cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2020–21|Bangladesh toured Sri Lanka]] for a 2 match Test series. The Test matches were played as part of the inaugural 2019–21 ICC World Test Championship. The 1st Test was a high-scoring draw which helped Bangladesh register points in the 2019–2021 ICC World Test Championship League table.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bangladesh, Sri Lanka 1st Test ends in a draw|url=https://today.thefinancialexpress.com.bd/print/bangladesh-sri-lanka-1st-test-ends-in-a-draw-1619365335|url-status=live|access-date=1 May 2021|website=[[The Financial Express (Bangladesh)|The Financial Express]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501145447/https://today.thefinancialexpress.com.bd/print/bangladesh-sri-lanka-1st-test-ends-in-a-draw-1619365335 |archive-date=1 May 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rain takes over after breezy Tamim Iqbal fifty as the first Test ends in high-scoring stalemate|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-tour-of-sri-lanka-2021-1255822/sri-lanka-vs-bangladesh-1st-test-1255828/match-report|url-status=live|access-date=1 May 2021|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421074617/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-tour-of-sri-lanka-2021-1255822/sri-lanka-vs-bangladesh-1st-test-1255828/match-report |archive-date=21 April 2021 }}</ref> But Bangladesh lost the second Test by 209 runs losing the Test series 1–0.

[[Sri Lankan cricket team in Bangladesh in 2021|Sri Lanka toured Bangladesh]], in May 2021 for a 3-match ODI series. These ODI matches were played as part of the inaugural [[2020–2023 ICC Cricket World Cup Super League]]. Bangladesh won the 1st ODI by 33 runs and the 2nd ODI by 103 runs, eventually winning their maiden ODI series against Sri Lanka. However, Bangladesh lost the 3rd ODI by 97 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sri-lanka-tour-of-bangladesh-2021-1262340/bangladesh-vs-sri-lanka-2nd-odi-1262346/match-report |title=Mushfiqur, bowlers help Bangladesh record maiden series win over Sri Lanka |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref>

In July 2021, [[Bangladeshi cricket team in Zimbabwe in 2021|Bangladesh toured Zimbabwe]] to play one Test, three ODI and five T20I matches.<ref>{{cite web |title=ZC confirms hosting Bangladesh for a full series in July |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/bangladesh-cricket/news/zc-confirms-hosting-bangladesh-full-series-july-2116165 |access-date=23 June 2021 |work=The Daily Star |date=22 June 2021}}</ref> Bangladesh clinched huge 220 runs win over Zimbabwe in the one-off Test match, with Mehidy Hasan picking up a five wicket and four wicket haul in the first and second innings respectively.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tigers thump Zimbabwe by 220 runs in one-off Test |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/cricket/news/tigers-thump-zimbabwe-220-runs-one-test-2127436 |url-status=live |access-date=11 July 2021 |work=The Daily Star |date=11 July 2021 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711124503/https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/cricket/news/tigers-thump-zimbabwe-220-runs-one-test-2127436 |archive-date=11 July 2021}}</ref> This was Bangladesh's first win in the year of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bangladesh give Mahmudullah farewell gift by 220 runs victory over Zimbabwe |url=https://www.cricfrenzy.com/bn/article/135916/Bangladesh-give-Mahmudullah-farewell-gift-by-220-runs-victory-over-Zimbabwe- |url-status=live |access-date=11 July 2021 |website=Cricfrenzy |date=11 July 2021 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711125232/https://www.cricfrenzy.com/bn/article/135916/Bangladesh-give-Mahmudullah-farewell-gift-by-220-runs-victory-over-Zimbabwe- |archive-date=11 July 2021}}</ref> The match also saw three centurions, Mahmudullah, [[Shadman Islam]] and [[Najmul Hossain Shanto]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe lose rampant Taylor as Bangladesh sight victory |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-in-zimbabwe-2021-1267671/zimbabwe-vs-bangladesh-only-test-1267676/match-report |access-date=11 July 2021 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> with Mahmudullah top-scoring with an unbeaten 150 runs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2021 |title=Mahmudullah hits career-best 150 as Bangladesh dominate Zimbabwe |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/2021/07/08/mahmudullah-ton-taskin-cameo-guide-bangladesh-to-392-8-after-100-overs |access-date=11 July 2021 |website=Dhaka Tribune}}</ref> During the one-off Test match, Mahmudullah announced his retirement from Test cricket.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bangladesh all-rounder Mahmudullah makes shock decision to retire from Test cricket |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/bangladesh-all-rounder-mahmudullah-makes-shock-decision-to-retire-from-test-cricket-101625884927795.html |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=The Hindustan Times |date=10 July 2021}}</ref>
Bangladesh also won the ODI series by 3–0 margin, first time they whitewashed the opponent in away series [[Bangladeshi cricket team in the West Indies in 2009#ODI Series|since 2009]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Tamim's first ton as captain help Tigers secure clean sweep overseas after 12 yrs |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/sports/cricket/tamims-first-ton-as-captain-help-tigers-secure-clean-sweep-overseas-after-12-yrs |access-date=22 July 2021 |work=Prothomalo |language=en}}</ref> In the first ODI, they defeated Zimbabwe by 155 runs, while Shakib Al Hasan became the [[List of Bangladesh One Day International cricket records#Most career wickets|leading wicket-taker for Bangladesh in ODIs]], taking his 270th dismissal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/zim-vs-ban-2021-shakib-al-hasan-becomes-bangladesh-s-highest-odi-wicket-taker-1264300 |title=Shakib Al Hasan becomes Bangladesh's highest ODI wicket-taker |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=16 July 2021}}</ref> They won the 2nd and 3rd ODI by 3 and 5 wickets respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/cricket/2021/07/20/bangladesh-opt-to-bowl-in-third-odi-against-zimbabwe |title=Tamim century as Bangladesh won by 5 wickets against Zimbabwe |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=20 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2021}}</ref>
In the 3-match T20I series, the first T20I was the 100th [[Twenty20 International]] match played by Bangladesh, which they went onto win by 8 wickets, becoming the only third team after [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] and [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] to win their 100th match in all three formats.<ref name="100T20I">{{cite news |date=22 July 2021 |title=Bangladesh win their 100th T20I by 8 wickets |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/sports/cricket/bangladesh-win-their-100th-t20i-by-8-wickets |work=[[Prothom Alo]]}}</ref> Though Bangladesh lost the second match, but winning the third T20I, they swept the series by 2–1 margin.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh chase 193 to seal T20I series against Zimbabwe |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/sports/cricket/bangladesh-chase-193-to-seal-t20i-series-against-zimbabwe |access-date=26 July 2021 |work=Prothomalo |language=en}}</ref> This is the first instance of Bangladesh winning all three series of a tour, having won the one-off Test and then 3-match ODI series by 3–0 and 3-match T20I series by 2–1 margin.

====T20I series wins against Australia and New Zealand at home====
In August 2021, [[Australian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2021-22|Australia toured Bangladesh]] for a five-match T20I series.In the first T20I, Bangladesh beat Australia for the first time in that format by 23 runs.<ref name="ESPN Cricinfo">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-bangladesh-2021-1270832/bangladesh-vs-australia-1st-t20i-1270834/match-report |title=Shakib Al Hasan and Nasum Ahmed star as Bangladesh record first T20I win over Australia |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=3 August 2021}}</ref>

Bangladesh went on to beat Australia in the next two matches, by 5 wickets and 10 runs respectively taking an unassailable lead. This was first time Bangladesh beating Australia in consecutive matches in any format. However, Bangladesh lost the 4th T20I by 3 wickets. In the final T20I Australia was restricted to 62 runs in their innings, which is the lowest score by any team against Bangladesh in T20Is and [[List of Australia Twenty20 International cricket records#Fewest runs in an innings|lowest total in for Australia in T20Is]]. Bangladesh won the match Bangladesh by 60 runs. Eventually, Bangladesh won the series by 4–1 margin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-in-bangladesh-2021-1270832/bangladesh-vs-australia-5th-t20i-1270838/match-report |title=Australia crash to their lowest T20I score in 4–1 series defeat |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=9 August 2021}}</ref>

In September 2021, Bangladesh hosted [[New Zealand cricket team in Bangladesh in 2021–22|New Zealand for a 5-match T20I series]]. Bangladesh won the first T20I by 7 wickets after restricting New Zealand for 60 runs, which was the [[List of Bangladesh Twenty20 International cricket records#Fewest runs conceded in an innings|lowest total by any team against Bangladesh]]. This is Bangladesh's first-ever T20I victory over New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-in-bangladesh-2021-1272089/bangladesh-vs-new-zealand-1st-t20i-1272093/match-report|title = Spinners, Mustafizur script Bangladesh's first-ever T20I victory over New Zealand}}</ref> Bangladesh won the second match by 4 runs, but lost the third T20I by 52 runs. Bangladesh completed their first-ever T20I series win against New Zealand by winning the fourth match by 6 wickets. Later they lost the fifth and final game of the series by 27 runs. Eventually, Bangladesh won the series 3–2.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/cricket/black-caps/126319675/finn-allen-fires-tom-latham-leads-the-way-as-black-caps-end-twenty20-series-with-win |title=Finn Allen fires, Tom Latham leads the way as Black Caps end Twenty20 series with win |work=Stuff |date=10 September 2021 |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref>

====Disappointing 2021 T20 World Cup Campaign====
Ahead of [[ICC T20 World Cup 2021]] Bangladesh announced their squad on 9 September 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2247005 |title=High flying Bangladesh name strong squad for T20 World Cup |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref> [[Rubel Hossain]] and [[Aminul Islam (cricketer, born 1999)|Aminul Islam]] were named as travelling reserves.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/118959/shakib-al-hasan-mahmudullah-rubel-hossain-bangladesh-name-t20-world-cup-squad |title=Rubel demoted to reserves as Bangladesh name T20 WC squad |work=Cricbuzz |date=9 September 2021 |access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref> However, on 10 October 2021, Aminul Islam withdrew himself from the squad and returned home.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Azam |first1=Atif |title=Aminul Islam returns home, Rubel kept on as reserve for T20 WC |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/119369/aminul-islam-returns-home-rubel-kept-on-as-reserve-for-t20-wc |access-date=11 October 2021 |work=Cricbuzz |date=10 October 2021}}</ref>

Bangladesh played two warm-up matches before the First Round, one against Sri Lanka which they lost by 4 wickets<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1282499.html|title=Full Scorecard of Bangladesh vs Sri Lanka 2021/22|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|date=12 October 2021|access-date=5 January 2022}}</ref> and another against Ireland which they lost by 33 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1282503.html|title=Full Scorecard of Ireland vs Bangladesh 2021/22|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|date=14 October 2022|access-date=5 January 2022}}</ref>

Bangladesh started off their world cup campaign with a loss where Scotland defeated Bangladesh by 6 runs.<ref name="auto1">{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}</ref> And so Bangladesh is yet to win a T20I match against associate Scotland. Later they won against other two associates (Oman<ref name="auto1"/> and Papua New Guinea<ref name="auto1"/>) in their qualifying group and qualified for the Super 12 stage of the tournament. However Bangladesh were unable to register a single win as they lost all five matches in Super 12 stage against any of the Full member nations : Sri Lanka (by 5 wickets<ref name="auto1"/>), England (by 8 wickets<ref name="auto1"/>), West Indies (by 3 runs<ref name="auto1"/>), South Africa (by 6 wickets<ref name="auto1"/>), and Australia (by 8 wickets<ref name="auto1"/>) and were knocked out of the tournament even before they play their last group match.<ref name="auto1"/> In their last two matches they were unable to cross 85 runs.<ref name="auto1"/>

====Home series losses against Pakistan====
[[Pakistani cricket team in Bangladesh in 2021-22|Pakistan toured Bangladesh]] in November and December 2021 to play two [[Test cricket|Test]] and three [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) matches.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 October 2020|title=Bangladesh to host Pakistan in November next year|url=https://www.bdcrictime.com/bangladesh-to-host-pakistan-in-november-next-year/|access-date=28 May 2021|work=BD Crictime}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Men's Future Tours Programme |url=https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/06/20/6dc2c8d4-e1a5-4dec-94b4-7121fab3cd7f/ICC_Tours.pdf |access-date=11 October 2019 |work=International Cricket Council |archive-date=11 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711080228/https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/06/20/6dc2c8d4-e1a5-4dec-94b4-7121fab3cd7f/ICC_Tours.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricfrenzy.com/bn/article/128129/BCB-prepares-a-compact-two-year-schedule-2021-2022 |title=BCB prepares a compact two-year schedule 2021–2022 |work=CricFrenzy |date=29 August 2020 |access-date=26 May 2021}}</ref> The Test series was part of the [[2021–2023 World Test Championship|2021–2023 ICC World Test Championship]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricfit.com/pakistan-world-test-championship-2021-23-schedule-complete-series-details-and-updates/ |title=Pakistan World Test Championship 2021–23 Schedule: Complete Series Details And Updates |work=Cricfit |date=29 June 2021 |access-date=13 July 2021}}</ref>

Bangladesh received a 0–3 whitewash from Pakistan in T20I series.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2363567|title=Pakistan complete whitewash despite last over drama BAN v PAK, third T2|work=[[International Cricket Council|ICC]]|date=22 November 2021|access-date=5 January 2021}}</ref> Bangladesh won all three tosses and elected to bat first. However, they were unable to post competitive totals in any of the matches and thus Pakistan comprehensively chased the targets winning the games by 4 wickets,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1277974.html|title=Full Scorecard of Bangladesh vs Pakistan 1st T20I 2021/22|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|date=|access-date=5 January 2022}}</ref> 8 wickets,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1277975.html|title=Full Scorecard of Bangladesh vs Pakistan 2nd T20I 2021/22|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|date=|access-date=5 January 2022}}</ref> and 5 wickets<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1277976.html|title=Full Scorecard of Bangladesh vs Pakistan 3rd T20I 2021/22|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|date=|access-date=5 January 2022}}</ref> respectively.

Bangladesh then lost both Test matches that were played at Chattogram by 8 wickets<ref name="auto1"/> and an innings & 8 runs<ref name="auto1"/> respectively. Bangladesh's first-innings total, 87 is the joint-lowest in Bangladesh in Test cricket.<ref name="auto1"/>

====Test series in New Zealand====
Bangladesh [[Bangladeshi cricket team in New Zealand in 2021-22|toured New Zealand]] in January 2022 to play two [[Test cricket|Test]] matches.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=WTC points system set to be altered in 2021–23 cycle|url=https://www.bdcrictime.com/wtc-points-system-set-to-be-altered-in-2021-23-cycle/|url-status=live|access-date=30 June 2021|website=BDCricTime|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629162630/https://www.bdcrictime.com/wtc-points-system-set-to-be-altered-in-2021-23-cycle/ |archive-date=29 June 2021 }}</ref> The Test series was a part of the [[2021–2023 World Test Championship|2021–2023 ICC World Test Championship]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Men's Future Tours Programme|url=https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/06/20/6dc2c8d4-e1a5-4dec-94b4-7121fab3cd7f/ICC_Tours.pdf|access-date=11 October 2019|work=International Cricket Council|archive-date=11 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711080228/https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/06/20/6dc2c8d4-e1a5-4dec-94b4-7121fab3cd7f/ICC_Tours.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 January 2021|title=What 2021 holds for Bangladesh|url=https://www.bdcrictime.com/what-2021-holds-for-bangladesh/|access-date=26 May 2021|website=Bdcrictime|language=en-US|archive-date=4 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604022442/https://www.bdcrictime.com/what-2021-holds-for-bangladesh|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Bangladesh won the first Test by eight wickets, played at [[Bay Oval]]. [[Mount Maunganui]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/cricket/2022/01/05/bangladesh-stun-world-champions-new-zealand-in-historic-test-shock/ |title=Bangladesh stun world champions New Zealand in historic Test shock |work=The National |date=5 January 2022 |access-date=5 January 2022}}</ref> It was Bangladesh's first win in Test cricket against New Zealand,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/cricket/black-caps/300490500/black-caps-humbled-in-heavy-first-test-defeat-by-bangladesh-at-bay-oval |title=Black Caps humbled in heavy first test defeat by Bangladesh at Bay Oval |work=Stuff |date=5 January 2022 |access-date=5 January 2022}}</ref> and their first win in international cricket against New Zealand in New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-in-new-zealand-2021-22-1288977/new-zealand-vs-bangladesh-1st-test-1288979/match-report-5 |title=Ebadot rips through New Zealand as Bangladesh complete historic win |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=5 January 2021}}</ref> However, New Zealand went on to win the second Test inside three days,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-in-new-zealand-2021-22-1288977/new-zealand-vs-bangladesh-2nd-test-1288980/match-report-3 |title=Taylor ends Test career with final wicket as New Zealand square series |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=11 January 2022}}</ref> beating Bangladesh by an innings and 117 runs, to draw the series 1–1.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2444224 |title=Dominant New Zealand level series 1–1 despite Liton Das century |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=11 January 2022}}</ref>

====Home series against Afghanistan====
In February–March 2022, [[Afghan cricket team in Bangladesh in 2021–22|Afghanistan toured Bangladesh]] to play three ODIs and two T20Is to play three [[One Day International]] (ODI) and two [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) matches.<ref name="ind30Aug2020">{{Cite news |title=Bangladesh's compact schedule as India, Pakistan arrive in 2021–22 |url=https://www.theindependentbd.com/post/252440 |access-date=26 May 2021 |work=The Independent |archive-date=30 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200830173352/http://www.theindependentbd.com/post/252440 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BCB prepares a compact two-year schedule 2021–2022 |url=https://www.cricfrenzy.com/bn/article/128129/BCB-prepares-a-compact-two-year-schedule-2021-2022 |access-date=26 May 2021 |website=CricFrenzy |date=29 August 2020}}</ref> The ODI series formed part of the inaugural [[2020–2023 ICC Cricket World Cup Super League]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Schedule for inaugural World Test Championship announced |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/742337 |access-date=11 January 2019 |website=International Cricket Council}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Men's Future Tours Programme |url=https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/06/20/6dc2c8d4-e1a5-4dec-94b4-7121fab3cd7f/ICC_Tours.pdf |access-date=11 October 2019 |website=International Cricket Council |archive-date=11 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711080228/https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/06/20/6dc2c8d4-e1a5-4dec-94b4-7121fab3cd7f/ICC_Tours.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In the first ODI, In reply to Afghanistan's 215, Bangladesh were reduced to 45/6 in the twelfth over of their run chase. However, [[Afif Hossain]] and [[Mehidy Hasan]] then made an unbeaten 174-run partnership, with Bangladesh reaching 219/6 to win the match by four wickets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2499655 |title=Afif Hossain, Mehidy Hasan power Bangladesh to a dream chase |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=23 February 2022}}</ref> The 174-run stand between Afif Hossain and Mehidy Hasan was the [[List of Bangladesh One Day International cricket records#Highest partnerships by wicket|highest seventh-wicket partnership for Bangladesh]] in an ODI match,<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh Pair Record 2nd Highest 7th Wicket Partnership In ODIs To Take Team To Victory |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/bangladesh-vs-afghanistan-1st-odi-bangladesh-pair-record-2nd-highest-7th-wicket-partnership-in-odis-to-take-team-to-victory-2785146 |access-date=23 February 2022 |work=NDTVSports.com |language=en}}</ref> and the second-highest seventh-wicket partnership in ODI cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-vs-afghanistan-stats-afif-mehidy-account-for-79-45-of-bangladesh-s-runs-1302386 |title=Stats – Afif and Mehidy's 79.45% contribution to Bangladesh's cause |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=23 February 2022}}</ref>

In the second ODI, [[Litton Das]] and [[Mushfiqur Rahim]] set a new [[List of Bangladesh One Day International cricket records#Highest partnerships by wicket|third-wicket partnership record for Bangladesh]], with 202 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barrons.com/amp/news/liton-mushfiqur-guide-bangladesh-to-306-4-in-afghanistan-odi-01645781107 |title=Liton, Mushfiqur Guide Bangladesh To 306–4 In Afghanistan ODI |work=Barrons |access-date=25 February 2022}}</ref> Bangladesh went on to win the match by 88 runs, winning the series with a match to play.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/ban-vs-afg-live-cricket-scores-2nd-odi-bangladesh-aim-to-seal-series-vs-afghanistan-news-183953 |title=BAN Vs AFG, 2nd ODI: Bangladesh Beat Afghanistan By 88 Runs, Take Series 2–0 |work=Outlook India |access-date=25 February 2002}}</ref>
Afghanistan won the third ODI by seven wickets. Eventually, Bangladesh won the ODI series 2–1.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bdcrictime.com/afghanistan-deny-bangladesh-whitewash-in-thumping-win |title=Afghanistan deny Bangladesh whitewash in thumbing win |work=BD Crictime |access-date=28 February 2022 |archive-date=12 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312083512/https://www.bdcrictime.com/afghanistan-deny-bangladesh-whitewash-in-thumping-win |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In the two match T20I series, Bangladesh won the 1st T20I by a comprehensive margin of 61 runs as Afghanistan were bowled out at 94 while chasing 156. In the 2nd T20I, Bangladesh were restricted to 115/9 in 20 overs and Afghanistan chased down the target having 8 wickets in hands. The T20I series ended in a draw 1–1.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/afghanistan-in-bangladesh-2021-22-1299826/bangladesh-vs-afghanistan-2nd-t20i-1299833/match-report |title=Fazalhaq Farooqi, Azmatullah Omarzai lead the way as Afghanistan level the series |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=5 March 2022}}</ref>

====Away series in South Africa====
In March 2022, Bangladesh [[Bangladeshi cricket team in South Africa in 2021-22|toured South Africa]] to play two [[Test cricket|Test]]s and three [[One Day International]] (ODI) matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/south-africa-to-host-netherlands-india-and-bangladesh-during-home-summer-1276992 |title=South Africa to host Netherlands, India and Bangladesh during home summer |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref>

Bangladesh won the first ODI match by 38 runs,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-in-south-africa-2021-22-1277070/south-africa-vs-bangladesh-1st-odi-1277097/match-report |title=Shakib, Taskin and Mehidy put Bangladesh 1–0 up |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref> recording their first ever win against the hosts in all formats in South Africa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/cricket/2022/03/18/south-africa-elect-to-bowl-against-bangladesh-in-first-odi|title=Tigers overwhelm Proteas by 38 runs in first ODI|work=Dhaka Tribune|date=18 March 2022|access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref> They lost the 2nd ODI by 7 wickets. In the 3rd ODI, South Africa were bowled out on 154, courtesy of [[Taskin Ahmed]]'s five-wicket haul. Bangladesh chased down the target within 26.3 overs and won the match by a comprehensive margin of 9 wickets. As a result, Bangladesh won the series 2–1, giving them their first ODI series win in South Africa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-in-south-africa-2021-22-1277070/south-africa-vs-bangladesh-3rd-odi-1277099/match-report |title=Taskin Ahmed's five-for gives Bangladesh maiden ODI series win in South Africa |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=23 March 2022}}</ref>

South Africa won the first test match by 220 runs, while Bangladesh being bowled out on 53 in the fourth innings of the match, recorded their [[List of Bangladesh Test cricket records#Fewest runs in an innings|second-lowest total]] in Test cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2562302 |title=Bangladesh collapse as spinners help South Africa take 1–0 lead in the series |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=4 April 2022}}</ref> South Africa won the second test match by 332 runs,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/sport/cricket/proteas/report-proteas-cruise-to-series-sweep-second-test-victory-bangladesh-give-up-the-fight-keshav-maharaj-stars-breaking-cricket-news-gqeberha-2022/ |title=REPORT: Proteas cruise to series sweep as Bangladesh give up the fight |work=The South African |date=11 April 2022 |access-date=11 April 2022}}</ref> winning the series 2–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/sport/cricket/proteas/magnificent-maharaj-does-it-again-as-dominant-proteas-whitewash-bangladesh-20220411 |title=Magnificent Maharaj does it again as dominant Proteas whitewash Bangladesh |work=News24 |access-date=11 April 2022}}</ref>

====Home series Vs Sri Lanka====
[[Sri Lanka cricket team in Bangladesh in 2022|Sri Lanka toured Bangladesh]] in May 2022<ref name="ind30Aug2020" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=BCB prepares a compact two-year schedule 2021–2022 |url=https://www.cricfrenzy.com/bn/article/128129/BCB-prepares-a-compact-two-year-schedule-2021-2022 |access-date=26 May 2021 |work=CricFrenzy|date=29 August 2020 }}</ref> to play two [[Test cricket|Test]] matches.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Schedule for inaugural World Test Championship announced |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/742337 |access-date=11 January 2019 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thepapare.com/the-slc-announces-sri-lankas-cricketing-calendar-for-the-year-2022/ |title=The SLC announces Sri Lanka's Cricketing Calendar for the year 2022 |work=The Papare |date=5 January 2022 |access-date=5 January 2022}}</ref> The Test series formed part of the [[2021–2023 World Test Championship|2021–2023 ICC World Test Championship]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Men's Future Tours Programme|url=https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/06/20/6dc2c8d4-e1a5-4dec-94b4-7121fab3cd7f/ICC_Tours.pdf|work=International Cricket Council|access-date=11 October 2019|archive-date=11 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711080228/https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/06/20/6dc2c8d4-e1a5-4dec-94b4-7121fab3cd7f/ICC_Tours.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=30 June 2021|title=Tigers' upcoming WTC schedule|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/cricket/news/tigers-upcoming-wtc-schedule-2121421|work=The Daily Star |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>

The first Test ended in a draw,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sri-lanka-in-bangladesh-2022-1308485/bangladesh-vs-sri-lanka-1st-test-1308488/match-report-5 |title=Niroshan Dickwella, Dinesh Chandimal dig deep to help Sri Lanka draw opening Test |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=19 May 2022}}</ref> with Sri Lanka winning the second by ten wickets to win the two-match series 1–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sri-lanka-in-bangladesh-2022-1308485/bangladesh-vs-sri-lanka-2nd-test-1308489/match-report-5 |title=Asitha, Mathews, Chandimal star in Sri Lanka's series win |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=27 May 2022}}</ref>

Following the conclusion of the tour, [[Mominul Haque]] resigned as the captain of Bangladesh's Test team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/mominul-haque-steps-down-as-bangladesh-test-captain-1317678 |title=Mominul Haque steps down as Bangladesh Test captain |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=31 May 2022}}</ref>

Bangladesh toured the West Indies in June and July 2022 to play 2 tests, 3 ODIs and 3 T20Is matches.<ref name="icc-cricket.com"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/06/20/6dc2c8d4-e1a5-4dec-94b4-7121fab3cd7f/ICC_Tours.pdf |title=Men's Future Tours Programme |access-date=11 October 2019 |work=International Cricket Council |archive-date=11 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711080228/https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/06/20/6dc2c8d4-e1a5-4dec-94b4-7121fab3cd7f/ICC_Tours.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Test matches formed part of the 2021–2023 ICC World Test Championship.<ref name="ind30Aug2020" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricfrenzy.com/bn/article/128129/BCB-prepares-a-compact-two-year-schedule-2021-2022 |title=BCB prepares a compact two-year schedule 2021–2022|work=CricFrenzy |date=29 August 2020 |access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref> [[Shakib Al Hasan]] was named as Bangladesh's new Test captain,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/122463/shakib-al-hasan-named-bangladesh-test-captain |title=Shakib Al Hasan named Bangladesh Test captain |work=CricBuzz |date=2 June 2022 |access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref> with [[Litton Das]] being appointed as his deputy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-cricket-shakib-al-hasan-back-as-bangladesh-test-captain-1317894 |title=Shakib Al Hasan back as Bangladesh Test captain |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref>

West Indies won the first Test by seven wickets early on the fourth day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bdcrictime.com/batting-a-major-concern-for-bangladesh-as-windies-go-1-0-up |title=Batting a major concern for Bangladesh as Windies go 1–0 up |work=BD Crictime |access-date=19 June 2022}}</ref> after Bangladesh were bowled out for just 103 runs in their first innings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-tour-of-west-indies-2022-1317143/west-indies-vs-bangladesh-1st-test-1317147/match-report-1 |title=West Indies in pole position after seamers combine to skittle Bangladesh |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=19 June 2022}}</ref> The West Indies won the second Test by ten wickets to win the series 2–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/122852/roach-is-helping-fast-bowlers-to-mature-quicker-simmons |title=Roach is helping fast bowlers to mature quicker: Simmons |work=CricBuzz |date=28 June 2022 |access-date=28 June 2022}}</ref> The defeat in the second Test was Bangladesh's [[List of Bangladesh Test cricket records#Team wins, losses, draws and ties|100th loss]] in Test cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-tour-of-west-indies-2022-1317143/west-indies-vs-bangladesh-2nd-test-1317148/match-report-4 |title=West Indies canter to 2–0 series win after quick bowlers finish the job |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=28 June 2022}}</ref>

The first T20I was delayed by nearly two hours due to a wet outfield.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-tour-of-west-indies-2022-1317143/west-indies-vs-bangladesh-1st-t20i-1317149/match-report |title=Persistent rain washes out first T20I between West Indies and Bangladesh |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref> After several rain interruptions, only 13 overs of play was possible, with the match ending in a [[result (cricket)#No result|no result]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/122922/bangladesh-tour-of-west-indies-2022-rain-washes-out-first-wi-ban-t20i-in-dominica |title=Rain washes out first WI-Ban T20I in Dominica |work=CricBuzz |date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref> The following day, the second T20I was played at the same venue, with the West Indies winning by 35 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-tour-of-west-indies-2022-1317143/west-indies-vs-bangladesh-2nd-t20i-1317150/match-report |title=Rovman Powell and Brandon King power West Indies to comfortable win |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=4 July 2022}}</ref> The West Indies won the third and final T20I match by five wickets to win the series 2–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-tour-of-west-indies-2022-1317143/west-indies-vs-bangladesh-3rd-t20i-1317151/match-report |title=Pooran, Mayers fifties hand West Indies 2–0 win |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=8 July 2022}}</ref>

Bangladesh won the first ODI match by six wickets to record their first win of the tour.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/bangladesh-tour-of-west-indies-2022-1317143/west-indies-vs-bangladesh-1st-odi-1317152/match-report |title=Shoriful Islam, Mehidy Hasan Miraz propel Bangladesh to first win of West Indies tour |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=11 July 2022}}</ref> Bangladesh won the second match by nine wickets to win the series with a match to play.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/2022/07/13/miraz-nasum-shine-as-bangladesh-dismiss-wi-for-108 |title=Bangladesh clinch series, win 10th successive ODI against WI |work=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=13 July 2022}}</ref> Bangladesh won the third ODI match by four wickets to win the series 3–0.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/123103/bangladesh-tour-of-west-indies-2022-taijul-spurs-west-indies-whitewash-as-bangladesh-take-series-3-0 |title=Taijul inspires West Indies whitewash as Bangladesh take series 3–0 |work=CricBuzz |date=17 July 2022 |access-date=17 July 2022}}</ref> Shortly after winning the series, Bangladesh's ODI captain [[Tamim Iqbal]] announced his retirement from T20I cricket.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/tamim-iqbal-announces-retirement-from-t20is-1325119 |title=Tamim Iqbal announces retirement from T20Is |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=17 July 2022}}</ref>

===2022 Asian Games and 2023 WC===
Bangladesh participated in the [[Cricket at the 2022 Asian Games|2022 Asian Games]] in 2023 in China.

On 20 October 2023, Bangladesh played against Pakistan in the 3rd place decided in Asian Games which they won by 6 wicket in Hangzou in DLS method to win bronze medal. On the same day, Bangladesh played against Afghanistan in the [[2023 Cricket World Cup|2023 ICC Cricket World Cup]] in Dharmashala which they won by 7 wickets. As a result of these, they became only the 2nd (After Pakistan) team in history to play two different international matches with different XIs on the same day in different venues and first team to win both matches.<ref name="Cricket Times">{{cite news|title=Bangladesh creates a unique record of two wins in international matches on the same day|url=https://crickettimes.com/2023/10/bangladesh-creates-a-unique-record-of-two-wins-in-international-matches-on-the-same-day/|date=7 October 2023|access-date=8 October 2023|work=Cricket Times}}</ref>

====Home Series Against New Zealand in 2023====

[[New Zealand cricket team in Bangladesh in 2023–24|The Kiwis toured Bangladesh]] for 3 ODIs and 2 test matches. In ODI series, the first ODI was abandoned due to rain, while Bangladesh lost the second and third ODIs by 86 runs and 7 wickets, respectively.

In the first test match, Bangladesh achieved a historic victory over New Zealand by 150 runs. Mahmudul Hasan Joy scored a classy 86 in the first innings, while Najmul Hossain Shanto made a splendid hundred in the second innings. Additionally, Taijul Islam took 10 wickets in the match, earning him the 'Man of the Match' title. This win marked Bangladesh's first-ever victory over New Zealand in a test match held in Bangladesh. However, in the second test, Bangladesh lost by 4 wickets.

====Away series in Sri Lanka in 2025====
In July 2025, on the 3rd T20I of the T20I series, Bangladesh won by 8 wickets, 1st T20I series win against Sri Lanka and 1st series win against Sri Lanka in Sri Lanka and Litton become 1st Bangladeshi captain to win two T20I series at away.{{efn|1st one against West Indies}}

===Home T20I series vs Pakistan===
On 22 July, on the 2nd T20I, Bangladesh won by 8 runs and won T20I series, 1st time of 3-match series against Pakistan.

==Governing body==
{{main|Bangladesh Cricket Board}}

The Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) is the governing body for the Bangladeshi cricket team<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bdcricteam.com/ |title=Bangladesh Cricket Team |publisher=Bangladesh Cricket |access-date=28 August 2013 |archive-date=17 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517011118/http://bdcricteam.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the sport in the country. The BCB is responsible for maintaining grounds and promoting the sport. It was founded in 1972 as the Bangladesh Cricket Control Board.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bcb.com.bd/about-bcb.html |title=About BCB |publisher=Bangladesh Cricket Board |access-date=11 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311101206/http://bcb.com.bd/about-bcb.html |archive-date=11 March 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Its first constitution was drafted in 1976.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theindependentbd.com/paper-edition/others/panorama/18958-bangladesh-cricket-at-the-crossroad.html |title=Bangladesh cricket at the crossroad |work=[[The Independent (Bangladesh)|The Independent]] |date=12 November 2010 |access-date=11 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717003614/http://www.theindependentbd.com/paper-edition/others/panorama/18958-bangladesh-cricket-at-the-crossroad.html |archive-date=17 July 2011 }}</ref> The board changed its name, dropping "control" from its title, in January 2007.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 January 2007 |title=Board's name amended by government notification |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/board-s-name-amended-by-government-notification-276356 |access-date=11 March 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> The president of the BCB is appointed by the government of Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web |last=Samiuddin |first=Osman |date=30 June 2011 |title=ICC gives boards two years to fall in line |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/icc-annual-conference-icc-gives-boards-two-years-to-fall-in-line-521351 |access-date=8 July 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> The board also controls the team's sponsorship. Since 2003 telecommunications company [[Grameenphone]] has sponsored the men and women's national teams. Between 2007 and 2011 they invested {{BDTConvert|151.5|m|lk=yes}} in developing sport in the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grameenphone.com/about-us/media-center/press-release/2009/148/gp-official-sponsor-bangladesh-national-men%E2%80%99s-women%E2%80%99s-cricket-teams |title=GP Official Sponsors of Bangladesh National Men's & Women's Cricket Teams |publisher=Grameenphone |date=17 December 2009 |access-date=22 August 2011 |archive-date=18 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518152321/http://grameenphone.com/about-us/media-center/press-release/2009/148/gp-official-sponsor-bangladesh-national-men%E2%80%99s-women%E2%80%99s-cricket-teams |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2006 the Board established an academy to encourage the development of young and inexperienced players.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/content/story/243222.html |title=Bangladesh to set up academy |work=Cricinfo |date=4 April 2006 |access-date=22 September 2011}}</ref> The Board issues central contracts to the national players and issuing match fees. In 2005 players were given about $1,000 for each Test they played and $500 per ODI.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 October 2005 |title=BCB announce 'perform and earn more' payroll |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bcb-announce-perform-and-earn-more-payroll-222634 |access-date=22 September 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==International grounds==
{{Update|section|date=November 2022}}
{{Main|List of cricket grounds in Bangladesh}}

{{location map+|Bangladesh|float=right|width=290|caption=Locations of all stadiums which have hosted an international cricket match within Bangladesh|places=
{{location map~|Bangladesh|label=[[Bangabandhu National Stadium|Bangabandhu]]|position=right|lat=23.727833|long=90.413444}}
{{location map~|Bangladesh|label=[[Khan Shaheb Osman Ali Stadium|KSOAS]]|position=left|lat=23.650161|long=90.488811}}
{{location map~|Bangladesh|label=[[M. A. Aziz Stadium|MA Aziz]]|position=right|lat=22.355841|long=91.767769}}
{{location map~|Bangladesh|label=[[Shaheed Chandu Stadium|Shaheed Chandu]]|position=left|lat =24.839617|long=89.365225}}
{{location map~|Bangladesh|label=[[Sheikh Abu Naser Stadium|Sheikh Abu Naser]]|position=right|lat=22.844475|long=89.537353}}
{{location map~|Bangladesh|label=[[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium|SBNCS]]|position=top|lat=23.806917|long=90.363583}}
{{location map~|Bangladesh|label=[[Sylhet International Cricket Stadium|SIC]]|position=left|lat=24.920781|long=91.868653}}
{{location map~|Bangladesh|label=[[Zohur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium|ZAC]]|position=left|lat=22.355803|long=91.767919}}
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Venue !! City !! Capacity !! First used!!Tests !!ODIs !!T20Is
|-
! colspan=7|Active Venues
|-
|[[Khan Shaheb Osman Ali Stadium]] || [[Fatullah]] || 25,000 ||2006
|2<ref>{{cite news|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=1;id=1844;type=ground|title= Khan Shaheb Osman Ali Stadium Test matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 20 November 2012}}</ref>
|10<ref>{{cite news|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=2;id=1844;type=ground|title= Khan Shaheb Osman Ali Stadium ODI matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 20 November 2012}}</ref>
|4<ref>{{cite news|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=3;id=1844;type=ground|title= Khan Shaheb Osman Ali Stadium T20I matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 20 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sheikh Abu Naser Stadium]] || [[Khulna]] || 15,000 || 2006
|3<ref>{{cite news|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=1;id=1930;type=ground|title= Sheikh Abu Naser Stadium Test matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 20 November 2012}}</ref>
|4<ref>{{cite news|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=2;id=1930;type=ground|title= Sheikh Abu Naser Stadium ODI matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 20 November 2012}}</ref>
|5<ref>{{cite news|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=3;id=1930;type=ground|title= Sheikh Abu Naser Stadium T20I matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 20 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]] ||[[Dhaka]] ||26,000 ||2006
|22<ref>{{cite news|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=1;id=2025;type=ground|title= Sher-e-Bangla Stadium Test matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 20 November 2012}}</ref>
|113<ref>{{cite news|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=2;id=2025;type=ground|title= Sher-e-Bangla Stadium ODI matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 20 November 2012}}</ref>
|57<ref>{{cite news|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=3;id=2025;type=ground|title= Sher-e-Bangla Stadium T20I matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 20 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|[[Zohur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium]] ||[[Chittagong]] ||22,000 ||2006
|21<ref>{{cite news|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=1;id=1931;type=ground|title= ZAC Stadium Test matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 20 November 2012}}</ref>
|22<ref>{{cite news|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=2;id=1931;type=ground|title= ZAC Stadium ODI matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 20 November 2012}}</ref>
|20<ref>{{cite news|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=3;id=1931;type=ground|title= ZAC Stadium T20I matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 20 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sylhet International Cricket Stadium]] ||[[Sylhet]] ||18,500 ||2014
|3<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=1;id=1564;type=ground|title= Sylhet Stadium Test matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 4 November 2018}}</ref>
|4<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=2;id=1564;type=ground|title=Sylhet Stadium ODI matches|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref>
|8<ref>{{cite news|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=3;id=1564;type=ground|title= Sylhet Stadium T20I matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 20 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
! colspan=7|Former Venues
|-
|[[Bangabandhu National Stadium]] ||[[Dhaka]] || 36,000 ||1955
|17<ref>{{cite news|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=1;id=475;type=ground|title= Bangabandhu Stadium Test matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 20 November 2012}}</ref>
|58<ref>{{cite news|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=2;id=475;type=ground|title= Bangabandhu Stadium ODI matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 20 November 2012}}</ref>
|0
|-
|[[M. A. Aziz Stadium]] ||[[Chittagong]] ||30,000 ||1988
|8<ref>{{cite news|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=1;id=476;type=ground|title= M. A. Aziz Stadium Test matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 20 November 2012}}</ref>
|10<ref name="M. A. Aziz Stadium ODI matches">{{cite news|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=2;id=476;type=ground|title= M. A. Aziz Stadium ODI matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 20 November 2012}}</ref>
|0
|-
|[[Shaheed Chandu Stadium]] ||[[Bogra]] ||18,000 ||2006
|1<ref>{{cite news|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=1;id=1925;type=ground|title= Shaheed Chandu Stadium Test matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 20 November 2012}}</ref>
|5<ref>{{cite news|url= http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/engine/records/team/match_results.html?class=2;id=1925;type=ground|title= Shaheed Chandu Stadium ODI matches|work= ESPNcricinfo|access-date= 20 November 2012}}</ref>
|0
|}
''Updated: 5 January 2022''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.howstat.com/cricket/Statistics/Grounds/GroundList.asp|title=Venues and Matches hosted by Bangladeshi cricket venues|work=Howstat}}</ref>

==Fan following==
[[File:Bangladesh Players Celebrate Fall of Wicket.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Bangladesh playing against Zimbabwe in 2009. Fans can be seen in the background waving a Bangladesh flag.]]
[[File:Supporters of the Bangladesh cricket team.jpg|thumb|right|Supporters of the Bangladesh cricket team]] [[File:Cricket World Cup live site (16303807753).jpg|thumb|right|300px|Bangladeshi fans seen in the 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup live site.]]
Before Bangladesh had even secured Test status, cricket fans in the country took the game seriously; when the team lost an ODI against Kenya in March 1999, several hundred fans protested outside the offices of the [[Bangladesh Cricket Board]] (BCB).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/151605.html |title=Meril International Tournament 1998–99, fifth match: Bangladesh v Kenya |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=10 March 2011}}</ref> On learning of Bangladesh's promotion to Test status, thousands of people celebrated on the streets. Then Prime Minister [[Sheikh Hasina]] remarked that "I can't express my joy in words at this happiest hour of the nation".<ref name="happiest hour">{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/807107.stm |title=Bangladesh delight at Test status |work=BBC News|date=26 June 2000 |access-date=21 April 2011}}</ref> At the time cricket was the second-most popular sport in the country behind football.<ref name="happiest hour"/> When Bangladesh began its first Test match on 10 November 2000 at [[Bangabandhu National Stadium]] in Dhaka, the stadium was nearly full on the first day as around 40,000&nbsp;people watched the team take on India. As the match partly overlapped with the festival of [[Shab-e-Barat]], numbers attending declined as the match progressed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154207.html |first=Richard |last=Hobson |title=The Indians in Bangladesh, 2000–01 |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=10 March 2011}}</ref> In 2011, Bangladeshi politician [[Saber Hossain Chowdhury]] opined that "In Bangladesh cricket is not simply a game, it is a symbol of national unity",<ref name="fan following">{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/other_international/bangladesh/9420128.stm |title=Cricket World Cup: Nation unites behind Bangladesh |first=Akbar |last=Hossain |publisher=BBC Sport |date=9 March 2011 |access-date=10 March 2011}}</ref> and in the words of AHM Mostofa Kamal, president of the BCB in 2011, "People of [[Bangladesh]] take cricket religiously".<ref name="fan following"/>

The people of Bangladesh are referred as "the most passionate cricket fans" among the cricket world. When Bangladesh are victorious, the fans sometimes take to the streets in celebration. When Bangladesh defeated India in the 2007 World Cup, thousands of people celebrated into the night on the streets of Dhaka despite there being a ban on public gatherings at the time.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6536593.stm |title=Cricket win prompts Dhaka parties |work=BBC News|date=8 April 2007 |access-date=10 March 2011}}</ref> Although fans are jubilant in victory, they can also be vocal in defeat. When Bangladesh lost to England in an ODI in November 2003, the then captain Khaled Mahmud was booed off the field.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/155899.html |title=First One-Day International: Bangladesh v England, 2003–04 |work=Cricinfo |publisher=Wisden Cricketers' Almanac |access-date=10 March 2011}}</ref> During the 2011 World Cup, Bangladesh succumbed to a record defeat against West Indies, registering the team's lowest score in ODIs. Bangladeshi fans booed<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-55324920110304|title=Bashed Bangladesh take second pasting from fans|work=[[REUTERS]]|date=4 March 2011|access-date=10 June 2021}}</ref> and stoned the buses of both teams (Bangladesh's intentionally, West Indies' mistakenly), as was Shakib Al Hasan's house.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 March 2011 |title=Bangladesh bus was also hit, says Ian Pont |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-v-west-indies-world-cup-2011-bangladesh-bus-was-also-hit-says-ian-pont-504317 |access-date=10 March 2011 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==Team colours and sponsorship==
[[File:Bangladesh Team Returning to Dressing Room.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Bangladesh cricket players against Zimbabwe in 2009.]]
In Test cricket, Bangladesh wears [[cricket whites]], with the BCB logo on the left chest and the sponsor's logo on the right chest. Fielders wear a dark green cap or a white wide brim sunhat. The helmets are also dark green. In limited overs cricket, Bangladesh wears a green uniform with red being the secondary colour and the BCB logo on chest and the sponsor's logo on the centre and "BANGLADESH" written underneath in white letters, with the fielders wearing a green baseball cap with red accents or a green wide-brimmed hat. During [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] tournaments, the sponsor's logo is placed on the left sleeve. In the [[1999 Cricket World Cup]], Bangladesh wore an olive green uniform with yellow accents and a horizontal stripe with tiger-stripe motif on the chest.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/181003|title=Classic World Cup Kits – 1999|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Period/tournament !! Kit manufacturer !! Sponsor
!Sleeve sponsor
|-
| 1995 || {{n/a}} || [[Pepsi]]
|
|-
| 1997 || {{n/a}} || [[Biman]]
|
|-
| 1998 || {{n/a}} || [[Coca-Cola]]
|
|-
| [[1999 Cricket World Cup]] || [[Asics]] || [[Veetee Rice|Veetee]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/82441.html|title=Bowled over by Veetee? (19 May 1999)|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref>
|
|-
| 2000–2004 || rowspan=2| AJ Sports<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/112196.html|title=BCCSL appoints AJ Sports as official clothing sponsor|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref> || [[Beximco]]
|
|-
| [[2003 Cricket World Cup]] || [[Mobil 1]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/mobil-bds-wc-sponsor?amp=&amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17133533392546&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fnews%2Fmobil-bds-wc-sponsor|title=Mobil BD's WC sponsor|date=10 January 2003}}</ref>
|
|-
| 2005–2008 || Ihsan Sports<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://bdnews24.com/sport/2005/07/09/ihsan-sports-to-sponsor-bangladesh-s-five-teams-including-the-national-cricket-team|title=Ihsan Sports to sponsor Bangladesh's five teams including the national cricket team|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref> || rowspan=2| [[Grameen Phone]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/content/story/216280.html|title=Bangladesh strike deal with GrameenPhone|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref>
|
|-
| 2009–2011|| [[Bata Shoes|Bata]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-82532|title=Bata clothing sponsors for cricket teams|date=3 April 2009|work=The Daily Star|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[2011 Cricket World Cup]] || {{n/a}} || [[Beximco]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-169681?amp=&amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17133536365855&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fnews-detail-169681|date= 12 January 2011|title=Beximco Tigers sponsors|work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]]}}</ref>
|
|-
| [[2012 Asia Cup]]|| {{n/a}} || [[Neway]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-224587?amp=&amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17133530823228&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fnews-detail-224587 |title=Neway to sponsor Tigers |date=2 March 2012 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)]]}}</ref>
|
|-
| 2012–2015 || rowspan="2" {{n/a}} || [[Sahara India Pariwar|Sahara]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/cricket-bangladesh-sponsor/cricket-sahara-group-set-to-become-bangladesh-cricket-sponsor-idUKL4E8GU6Y820120530 |title=Cricket-Sahara Group set to become Bangladesh cricket sponsor |work=Reuters |access-date=11 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912023923/https://uk.reuters.com/article/cricket-bangladesh-sponsor/cricket-sahara-group-set-to-become-bangladesh-cricket-sponsor-idUKL4E8GU6Y820120530 |archive-date=12 September 2018}}</ref>
|
|-
| 2015 || [[PRAN-RFL Group|PRAN Frooto]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://bdnews24.com/cricket/2015/04/13/pran-to-sponsor-bangladesh-for-pakistan-series-after-top-of-mind-sells-rights|title=Pran to sponsor Bangladesh for Pakistan series after Top of Mind sells rights|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref>
|
|-
| 2016–2017 || {{n/a}} || [[Robi (company)|Robi]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://bdnews24.com/cricket/2017/05/04/robi-retains-sponsorship-right-of-bangladesh-cricket-team|title=Robi retains sponsorship right of Bangladesh cricket team|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" |[[BRAC Bank Limited|BRAC Bank]]<ref>{{cite news |title=BRAC Bank to keep kit partner of national cricket teams |url=https://www.theindependentbd.com/printversion/details/165984 |work=The Independent |location=Dhaka |date=12 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029065951/https://www.theindependentbd.com/printversion/details/165984 |archive-date=29 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2018–2020 || rowspan="6" | Avant Garments Ltd. || [[Unilever Bangladesh Limited|Uniliver Bangladesh]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tigercricket.com.bd/2018/09/06/media-release-unilever-bangladesh-limited-becomes-national-team-sponsors/|title=Unilever Bangladesh Limited becomes National Team Sponsors|work=Tigercricket.com.bd|date=6 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/bangladesh-cricket/news/unilever-becomes-bangladesh-cricket-teams-sponsor-1630069|title=Unilever becomes Bangladesh Cricket team's sponsor|work=The Daily Star|date=6 September 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || [[Akash DTH]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Akash to sponsor Bangladesh vs Zimbabwe |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/100078/akash-to-sponsor-bangladesh-vs-zimbabwe |access-date=10 March 2020 |work=New Age |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2021 || [[Beximco]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tigercricket.com.bd/2021/01/14/media-release-west-indies-in-bangladesh-2021-beximco-becomes-national-team-sponsor/|title=Media Release : West Indies In Bangladesh 2021 – Beximco becomes National Team Sponsor|work=[[Bangladesh Cricket Board|BCB]]|date=14 January 2021|access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref>
|Akash DTH<ref>{{cite news |date=15 January 2021 |title=Akash DTH returns as Bangladesh kits partner |url=https://www.bdcrictime.com/akash-dth-returns-as-bangladesh-kits-partner/ |access-date=2 March 2021 |work=BDCricTime |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308123811/https://www.bdcrictime.com/akash-dth-returns-as-bangladesh-kits-partner/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| Evaly<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/sports/evaly-sponsors-bangladesh-cricket-teams-nz-tour-1614005280|title=Evaly sponsors Bangladesh cricket team's NZ tour|work=[[The Financial Express (Bangladesh)|Financial Express]]|date=22 February 2021|access-date=23 February 2021}}</ref>
|e-food
|-
| 2021–23 || Daraz<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/bangladesh-cricket/news/daraz-becomes-national-cricket-team-sponsor-till-nov-2023-2073685|title=Daraz becomes National cricket team sponsor till Nov 2023|work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|date=7 April 2021|access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>
|Hungrynaki
|-
| 2024–27
|Robi<ref>{{cite news |date=16 February 2024 |title=Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) and Robi Axiata Limited signed a sponsorship agreement |url=https://www.tigercricket.com.bd/detail/bangladesh-cricket-board-bcb-and-robi-axiata-limited-signed-a-sponsorship-agreement#:~:text=a%20sponsorship%20agreement-,Bangladesh%20Cricket%20Board%20(BCB)%20and%20Robi%20Axiata,Limited%20signed%20a%20sponsorship%20agreement&text=February%2016%2C%202024-,Bangladesh%20Cricket%20Board%20(BCB)%20and%20Robi%20Axiata%20Limited%20signed%20a,to%2031%20of%20July%2C%202027. |work=[[tigercricket.com|Bangladesh Cricket Board]]}}</ref>
|
|}

==Players==
{{see also|List of Bangladesh Test cricketers|List of Bangladesh ODI cricketers|List of Bangladesh T20I cricketers}}

==Current squad==
In February 2026, the Board announced the list of 28 central contracts.<ref name="Contract2025">{{cite news |title=Bangladesh Cricket Board announces new central contracts list |url=https://cricfrenzy.com/en/bangladesh/167715/GpMZjWuZhC |access-date= |work=Cricfenzy |language=en|date=19 February 2026}}</ref>

This is a list of every active player who is contracted to Bangladesh Cricket Board, has played for Bangladesh since April 2025 or was named in the recent Test, ODI or T20I squads. Uncapped players are listed in ''italics''.

''Last updated: 19 February 2026''
* Contract – Contract type
* Forms – This refers to the forms they've played for Bangladesh in the past year, not over their whole Bangladesh career
* No. – Shirt number

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="text-align:center; background:#006A4E; color:white;" | Name
! style="text-align:center; background:#006A4E; color:white;" | Age
! style="text-align:center; background:#006A4E; color:white;" | Batting style
! style="text-align:center; background:#006A4E; color:white;" | Bowling style
! style="text-align:center; background:#006A4E; color:white;" | Contract
! style="text-align:center; background:#006A4E; color:white;" | NCL Division
! style="text-align:center; background:#006A4E; color:white;" | DPL CLub
! style="text-align:center; background:#006A4E; color:white;" | Current Franchise
! style="text-align:center; background:#006A4E; color:white;" | Forms
! style="text-align:center; background:#006A4E; color:white;" | No.
! style="text-align:center; background:#006A4E; color:white;" | Notes
|-
! colspan="11" | Batters
|-
| [[Najmul Hossain Shanto]] || {{age|1998|05|25}} || Left || Right arm [[off break]] || align=center|'''A''' || [[Rajshahi Division cricket team|Rajshahi Division]] || [[Abahani Limited cricket team|Abahani Limited]] || [[Sylhet Strikers]] || Test, ODI, T20I || 99 || Test(C)
|-
| [[Towhid Hridoy]] || {{age|2000|12|4}} || Right || Right arm [[off break]] || align=center|'''B''' || [[Rajshahi Division cricket team|Rajshahi Division]] || [[Abahani Limited cricket team|Abahani Limited]] || [[Comilla Victorians]] || ODI, T20I || 77 ||
|-
| [[Mahmudul Hasan Joy]] || {{age|2000|11|13}} || Right || Right arm [[off break]] || {{n/a}} || [[Chittagong Division cricket team|Chattogram Division]] || [[Abahani Limited cricket team|Abahani Limited]] || [[Khulna Tigers]] || Test, T20I || 71 ||
|-
| [[Tanzid Hasan Tamim|Tanzid Hasan]]|| {{age|2000|12|1}} || Left || {{n/a}} || align="center" |'''B'''|| [[Rajshahi Division cricket team|Rajshahi Division]]|| [[Shinepukur Cricket Club|Shinepukur]]|| [[Chattogram Challengers]]|| ODI, T20I || 31 ||
|-
| [[Shadman Islam]]|| {{age|1995|5|18}} || Left || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || align="center" |'''B'''|| [[Dhaka Metropolis]]|| [[Legends of Rupganj]]|| || Test || 10 ||
|-
! colspan="11" | All-rounders
|-
| [[Mominul Haque]] || {{age|1991|09|29}} || Left || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || align=center|'''B''' || [[Chittagong Division cricket team|Chattogram Division]] || [[Legends of Rupganj]] || [[Rangpur Riders]] || Test || 7 ||
|-
| [[Mehidy Hasan Miraz]] || {{age|1997|10|25}} || Right || Right arm [[off break]] || align=center|'''A''' || [[Khulna Division cricket team|Khulna Division]] || [[Mohammedan Sporting Club cricket team|Mohammedan]] || [[Fortune Barishal]] || Test, ODI, T20I || 53 || Test(VC), ODI (C)
|-
|[[Saif Hassan]]
|27
|Right
|
| align="center" |'''D'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[Mahedi Hasan]] || {{age|1994|12|12}} || Right || Right arm [[off break]] || align=center|'''B'''|| [[Khulna Division cricket team|Khulna Division]] || [[Prime Bank Cricket Club|Prime Bank]] || [[Rangpur Riders]] || ODI, T20I || 55 ||
|-
| [[Shamim Hossain]]|| {{age|2000|9|2}} || Left || Right arm [[off break]]|| align="center" | '''D''' || [[Chittagong Division cricket team|Chattogram Division]]|| [[Legends of Rupganj]]|| [[Rangpur Riders]]|| T20I || 29 ||
|-
| [[Mohammad Saifuddin]] || {{age|1996|11|1}} || Left || Right-arm [[seam bowling|medium fast]] || {{n/a}} || || || || T20I || 74 ||
|-
| [[Soumya Sarkar]] || {{age|1993|2|25}} || Left || Right-arm [[seam bowling|medium fast]] || align=center|'''C''' || [[Khulna Division cricket team|Khulna Division]] || [[Mohammedan Sporting Club cricket team|Mohammedan]] || [[Fortune Barishal]] || ODI, T20I || 59 ||
|-
! colspan="11" | Wicket-keepers
|-
| [[Mushfiqur Rahim]] || {{age|1987|5|9}} || Right || {{n/a}} || align=center|'''B''' || [[Rajshahi Division cricket team|Rajshahi Division]] || [[Prime Bank Cricket Club|Prime Bank]] || [[Fortune Barishal]] || Test || 15 ||
|-
| [[Litton Das]] || {{age|1994|10|13}} || Right || Right arm [[off break]] || align=center|'''A''' || [[Rangpur Division cricket team|Rangpur Division]] || [[Abahani Limited cricket team|Abahani Limited]] || [[Comilla Victorians]] || Test, ODI, T20I || 16 ||align=center| T20I (C)
|-
| [[Nurul Hasan (cricketer)|Nurul Hasan]] || {{age|1993|11|21}} || Right || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || [[Khulna Division cricket team|Khulna Division]] || [[Sheikh Jamal Dhanmondi Club cricket team|Sheikh Jamal Dhanmondi]] || [[Rangpur Riders]] || Test || 18 ||
|-
| [[Jaker Ali]] || {{age|1998|2|22}} || Right || {{n/a}} || align=center|'''C''' || [[Sylhet Division cricket team|Sylhet Division]] || [[Abahani Limited cricket team|Abahani Limited]] || [[Comilla Victorians]] || Test, T20I || 51 ||
|-
! colspan="11" | Spin bowlers
|-
| [[Nasum Ahmed]] || {{age|1994|12|5}} || Left || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || align=center|'''D''' || [[Sylhet Division cricket team|Sylhet Division]] || [[Mohammedan Sporting Club cricket team|Mohammedan]] || [[Khulna Tigers]] || ODI || 10 ||
|-
| [[Nayeem Hasan]] || {{age|2000|2|12}} || Right || Right-arm [[off break]] ||align=center| '''D''' || [[Chittagong Division cricket team|Chattogram Division]] || [[Mohammedan Sporting Club cricket team|Mohammedan]] || [[Sylhet Strikers]] || Test || 33 ||
|-
| [[Rishad Hossain]] || {{age|2002|7|15}} || Right || Right-arm [[leg break]] || align=center|'''B'''|| [[Rangpur Division cricket team|Rangpur Division]] || [[Shinepukur Cricket Club|Shinepukur]] || [[Hobart Hurricanes]] || ODI, T20I || 22 ||
|-
| [[Taijul Islam]] || {{age|1992|2|14}} || Left || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || align=center|'''B''' || [[Rajshahi Division cricket team|Rajshahi Division]] || [[Prime Bank Cricket Club|Prime Bank]] || [[Fortune Barishal]] || Test, ODI || 12 ||
|-
| [[Tanvir Islam]] || {{age|1996|10|25}} || Left || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] ||align=center| '''D''' || || || || T20I || 69 ||
|-
! colspan="11" | Pace bowlers
|-
| [[Shoriful Islam]] || {{age|2001|6|3}} || Left || Left-arm [[fast bowling|fast-medium]] || align=center|'''C''' || [[Rajshahi Division cricket team|Rajshahi Division]] || [[Abahani Limited cricket team|Abahani Limited]] || [[Durdanto Dhaka]] || Test, ODI, T20I || 47 ||
|-
| [[Taskin Ahmed]] || {{age|1995|4|3}} || Left || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || align=center|'''A''' || || [[Abahani Limited cricket team|Abahani Limited]] || [[Sharjah Warriors]] || Test, ODI, T20I || 3 || T20I (VC)
|-
| [[Mustafizur Rahman]] || {{age|1995|9|6}} || Left || Left-arm [[fast bowling|fast-medium]] || align=center|'''B''' || || || [[Dubai Capitals]] || ODI, T20I || 90 ||
|-
| [[Tanzim Hasan Sakib]] || {{age|2002|10|20}} || Right || Right-arm [[Pace bowling|fast-medium]] || align=center|'''C''' || || [[Abahani Limited cricket team|Abahani Limited]] || [[Sylhet Strikers]] || ODI, T20I || 41 ||
|-
| [[Khaled Ahmed]] || {{age|1992|9|20}} || Right || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || align=center|'''C'''|| [[Sylhet Division cricket team|Sylhet Division]] || [[Abahani Limited cricket team|Abahani Limited]] || [[Fortune Barishal]] || Test, T20I || 14 ||
|-
| [[Hasan Mahmud (cricketer)|Hasan Mahmud]] || {{age|1999|10|12}} || Right || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast-medium]] || align=center|'''D'''|| [[Chittagong Division cricket team|Chattogram Division]] || [[Prime Bank Cricket Club|Prime Bank]] || [[Rangpur Riders]] || Test, ODI, T20I || 91 ||
|-
| [[Nahid Rana]] || {{age|2002|10|2}} || Right || Right-arm [[pace bowling|fast]] || align=center|'''B''' || [[Rajshahi Division cricket team|Rajshahi Division]] || [[Shinepukur Cricket Club|Shinepukur]] || [[Khulna Tigers]] || Test || 45 ||
|}

===Salary and match fees===
After announcing the central list, BCB also increased the salary of the contracted players as well as the match fees, since 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=Central contract finalised, cricketers' salaries and match fees increased |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/sports/central-contract-finalised-cricketers-salaries-and-match-fees-increased-1083511 |access-date=31 March 2025 |work=The Business Standard |date=3 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
According to the new pay structure, contracted players will be paid the following salary according to their respective category.<ref name="Salary">{{cite news |last1=প্রতিবেদক |first1=ক্রীড়া |title=ক্রিকেট খেলে কত আয় করেন তাসকিন, অন্যরা কত |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/cricket/fmkerdg0qo |access-date=31 March 2025 |work=Prothomalo |date=30 March 2025 |language=bn}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
! Category !! Salary
|-
| '''A+''' || {{BDTConvert|10|l}} monthly or, {{BDTConvert|1.2|c}} annually
|-
| '''A''' || {{BDTConvert|8|l}} monthly or, {{BDTConvert|96|l}} annually
|-
| '''B''' || {{BDTConvert|6|l}} monthly or, {{BDTConvert|72|l}} annually
|-
| '''C''' || {{BDTConvert|4|l}} monthly or, {{BDTConvert|48|l}} annually
|-
| '''D''' || {{BDTConvert|2|l}} monthly or, {{BDTConvert|24|l}} annually
|}

In addition to this, the players' match fees were also increased to {{BDTConvert|8|l}} for each Test match, {{BDTConvert|4|l}} for each ODI, and {{BDTConvert|2.5|l}} for each T20I match.<ref name="Salary"/>

==Coaching staff==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#006A4E; color:white; text-align:center;"| Position
! style="background:#006A4E; color:white; text-align:center;"| Name
|-
| Team Manager || [[Nafees Iqbal]]
|-
| Head Coach || [[Phil Simmons]]
|-
| Assistant Coach || [[Mohammad Salahuddin]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/mohammad-salahuddin-appointed-bangladesh-s-senior-assistant-coach-1458556 |title=Mohammad Salahuddin appointed Bangladesh's senior assistant coach }}</ref>
|-
| Batting Coach || [[Mohammad Ashraful]]
|-
| Spin Bowling Coach || [[Mushtaq Ahmed (cricketer)|Mushtaq Ahmed]]
|-
| Fast Bowling Coach || [[Shaun Tait]]
|-
| Fielding Coach || [[James Pamment]]
|-
| Strength and Conditioning Coach || Iftikharul Islam
|}

===Head coach history===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Years
!Name
|-
|1997–1999|| [[Gordon Greenidge]]
|-
|1999–2000|| [[Eddie Barlow]]
|-
|2000|| [[Sarwar Imran]]
|-
|2001–2002|| [[Trevor Chappell]]
|-
|2002–2003|| [[Mohsin Kamal]]
|-
|2003|| [[Sarwar Imran]] (interim)
|-
|2003–2007|| [[Dav Whatmore]]
|-
|2007|| [[Shaun Williams (cricket coach)|Shaun Williams]] (interim)
|-
|2007–2011|| [[Jamie Siddons]]
|-
|2011|| [[Stuart Law]]
|-
|2011–2012|| [[Richard Pybus]]
|-
|2012–2014|| [[Shane Jurgensen]]
|-
|2014–2017|| [[Chandika Hathurusingha]]
|-
|2018|| [[Courtney Walsh]] (interim)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/courtney-walsh-named-bangladesh-s-interim-head-coach-1138007|title=Walsh named Bangladesh's interim head coach|first=Mohammad|last=Isam|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=26 February 2018|access-date=4 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
|2018|| [[Richard Halsall]] (interim)
|-
|2018–2019|| [[Steve Rhodes]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23721413/steve-rhodes-takes-bangladesh-coach|title=Steve Rhodes takes over as Bangladesh coach|publisher=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=7 June 2018}}</ref>
|-
|2019|| [[Khaled Mahmud]] (interim)
|-
|2019–2022|| [[Russell Domingo]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Russell Domingo steps down as Bangladesh coach |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/sports/cricket/00gtduel5f |access-date=28 December 2022 |work=Prothom Alo |date= 28 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2023–2024|| [[Chandika Hathurusingha]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/125351/chandika-hathurusingha-named-bangladesh-head-coach-cricbuzzcom|title=Hathurusingha named Bangladesh head coach|publisher=Cricbuzz|date=1 February 2023|first=Atif|last=Azam}}</ref>
|-
|2024|| [[Phil Simmons]] (interim)
|}

==Tournament history==
===Cricket World Cup===
{{main|Bangladesh at the Cricket World Cup}}

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
!colspan=9 style="background: #006a4e;border: ;color: #FFFFFF;|[[Cricket World Cup|{{color|#FFFFFF|Men's Cricket World Cup}}]] record
! rowspan="18" |
! colspan="5" style="background: #006a4e;border: ;color: #FFFFFF;" |[[Cricket World Cup qualification|{{color|#FFFFFF|Qualification}}]] record
|-
! width="90" |Host/Year
! Result
! width="40" |{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}
! width="40" |{{Abbr|№|Number of teams}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|Pld|Games played}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|T|Drawn}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|Pld|Played}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|T|tied}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|NR|No Result}}
|-
|{{flagicon|England}} [[1975 Cricket World Cup|1975]]
| colspan="8" |''Not eligible''
| colspan="5" |''Not an ICC Member''
|-
|{{flagicon|England}} [[1979 Cricket World Cup|1979]]
| colspan="8" rowspan="5" | ''Did not qualify''
|4
|2
|2
|0
|0
|-
|{{flagicon|England}}{{Flagicon|Wales}} [[1983 Cricket World Cup|1983]]
|7
|4
|1
|0
|2
|-
|{{Flagicon|India}}{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987]]
|6
|2
|4
|0
|0
|-
||{{Flagicon|Australia}}{{Flagicon|New Zealand}} [[1992 Cricket World Cup|1992]]
|7
|5
|2
|0
|0
|-
|{{Flagicon|India}}{{Flagicon|Sri Lanka}}{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]]
|7
|4
|3
|0
|0
|-
|{{Flagicon|UK}} [[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999]]
|Group stage
|9th
|12
|5
|2
|3
|0
|0
|10
|9
|0
|0
|1
|-
|{{Flagicon|South Africa}}{{Flagicon|Zimbabwe}}{{Flagicon|Kenya}} [[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003]]
| Group stage
| 13th
| 14
| 6
| 0
| 5
| 0
| 1
| colspan="5" rowspan="5" |''Qualified via ICC Full Membership status''
|- style="background:#ffebcd;"
| {{Flagicon|West Indies}} [[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]]
|Super 8
| 7th
|16
|9
|3
|6
|0
|0
|-
|style="border:3px solid red"| {{Flagicon|India}}{{Flagicon|Sri Lanka}}{{Flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]]
|Group stage
|9th
|14
|6
|3
|3
|0
|0
|- style="background:#ffebcd;"
|{{Flagicon|Australia}}{{Flagicon|New Zealand}} [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]]
|Quarter final
|7th
|14
|7
|3
|3
|0
|1
|-
|{{Flagicon|England}}{{Flagicon|Wales}} [[2019 Cricket World Cup|2019]]
|Group stage
|8th
|10
|9
|3
|5
|0
|1
|-
|{{Flagicon|India}} [[2023 Cricket World Cup|2023]]
|Group stage
|8th
|10
|9
|2
|7
|0
|0
|24
|15
|8
|0
|1
|-
|{{Flag icon|South Africa}}{{Flagicon|Zimbabwe}}{{Flagicon|Namibia}} [[2027 Cricket World Cup|2027]]
| colspan="8" |''To be determined''
| colspan="5" |''To be determined''
|-
|style="border:3px solid red"|{{Flag icon|India}}{{Flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Cricket World Cup|2031]]
| colspan="8" |''Qualified as hosts''
| colspan="5" |''Qualified as hosts''
|-
!Total
!0 titles
!
!
!51
!16
!32
!0
!3
!65
!41
!21
!0
!4
|}

=== T20 World Cup ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
! style="color:white; background:#006A4E;" colspan=9|Men's Twenty20 World Cup record
|-
! width="90" |Host/Year
! Result
! width="40" |{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}
! width="40" |{{Abbr|№|Number of teams}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|Pld|Games played}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|T|Drawn}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
|- style="background:#ffebcd;"
|{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[2007 World Twenty20|2007]]
|Super 8
|8th
|12
|5
|1
|4
|0
|0
|-
|{{flagicon|England}} [[2009 World Twenty20|2009]]
| Group stage
| 10th
| 12
| 2
| 0
| 2
| 0
| 0
|-
|{{flagicon|West Indies}} [[2010 World Twenty20|2010]]
|Group stage
|10th
|12
| 2
|0
| 2
|0
| 0
|-
|{{Flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[2012 World Twenty20|2012]]
|Group stage
|9th
|12
| 2
|0
| 2
|0
| 0
|-
|style="border:3px solid red"|{{Flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[2014 World Twenty20|2014]]
|Super 10
|10th
| 16
| 7
| 2
| 5
|0
| 0
|-
|{{Flagicon|India}} [[2016 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2016]]
|Super 10
|10th
|16
|7
|2
|4
|0
| 1
|-
|{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}{{Flagicon|Oman}} [[2021 Men's T20 World Cup|2021]]
|Super 12
|11th
|16
|8
|2
|6
|0
| 0
|-
|{{flagicon|Australia}} [[2022 Men's T20 World Cup|2022]]
| Super 12
| 9th
| 16
| 5
| 2
| 3
| 0
| 0
|- style="background:#ffebcd;"
| {{Flagicon|West Indies}}{{Flagicon|USA}} [[2024 Men's T20 World Cup|2024]]
|Super 8
| 7th
|20
|7
|3
|4
| 0
| 0
|-
| {{Flagicon|India}}{{Flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[2026 Men's T20 World Cup|2026]]
| colspan="8" |''Withdrew''
|-
|{{Flagicon|Australia}}{{Flag icon|NZ}} [[2028 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2028]]
| colspan="8" |''Qualified via ICC Rankings''
|-
|{{Flagicon|UK}} [[Men's T20 World Cup|2030]]
| colspan="8" |''To be determined''
|-
!Total
!0 titles
!
!
!44
!12
!31
!0
!1
|}

=== World Test Championship ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
! style="color:white; background:#006A4E;" colspan=9|World Test Championship record
|-
! width="90" |Host/Year
! Result
! width="40" |{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}
! width="40" |{{Abbr|№|Number of teams}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|Pld|Games played}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|D|Drawn}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|PCT|Percentage of Points}}
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[2019–2021 World Test Championship|2019-2021]]
|Group stage
|9th
|9
|7
|0
|6
|1
|4.8
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[2021–2023 World Test Championship|2021-2023]]
| Group stage
| 9th
| 9
| 12
| 1
| 10
| 1
| 11
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[2023–2025 World Test Championship|2023-2025]]
|Group stage
|7th
|9
| 12
|4
| 8
|0
| 31.3
|-
|{{Flagicon|ENG}} [[2025–2027 World Test Championship|2025-2027]]
| colspan="8" |''In progress''
|-
!Total
!0 titles
!
!
!31
!5
!24
!2
!-
|}

=== Champions Trophy ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
! style="color:white; background:#006A4E;" colspan=9|Men's Champions Trophy record
|-
! width="90" |Host/Year
! Result
! width="40" |{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}
! width="40" |{{Abbr|№|Number of teams}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|Pld|Games played}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|T|Drawn}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
|-
|style="border:3px solid red"|{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]
| colspan=8|Not eligible
|-
|{{flagicon|Kenya}} [[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]]
| First round
| 10th
| 11
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|-
|{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]]
|Group stage
|11th
|12
| 2
|0
| 2
|0
| 0
|-
|{{Flagicon|England}} [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]]
|Group stage
|11th
|12
| 2
|0
| 2
|0
| 0
|-
|{{Flagicon|India}} [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]]
|First round
|9th
| 12
| 3
| 1
| 2
|0
| 0
|-
|{{Flagicon|South Africa}} [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]]
| colspan="8" rowspan="2" |Did not qualify
|-
|{{flagicon|England}}{{Flagicon|Wales}} [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]
|-style="background:lemonchiffon"
|{{flagicon|England}}{{Flagicon|Wales}} [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]
| Semi final
| 4th
| 8
| 4
| 1
| 2
| 0
| 1
|-
| {{Flagicon|Pakistan}}{{Flagicon|UAE}} [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy|2025]]
|Group stage
| 6th
|8
|3
|0
|2
| 0
| 1
|-
|{{Flag icon|India}} [[ICC Champions Trophy|2029]]
| colspan="8" |''To be determined''
|-
!Total
!0 titles
!
!
!15
!2
!11
!0
!2
|}

===Asia Cup===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
! style="color:white; background:#006A4E;" colspan=9|Men's Asia Cup record
|-
! width="90" |Host/Year
! Result
! width="40" |{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}
! width="40" |{{Abbr|№|Number of teams}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|Pld|Games played}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|T|Drawn}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
|-
|{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[1984 Asia Cup|1984]]
| colspan=8|Did not participate
|-
|{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[1986 Asia Cup|1986]]
| Group stage
| 3rd
| 3
| 2
| 0
| 2
| 0
| 0
|-
|style="border:3px solid red"|{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[1988 Asia Cup|1988]]
|Group stage
|4th
|4
| 3
|0
| 3
|0
| 0
|-
|{{Flagicon|India}} [[1990–91 Asia Cup|1990]]
|Group stage
|3rd
|3
| 2
|0
| 2
|0
| 0
|-
|{{Flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[1995 Asia Cup|1995]]
|Group stage
|4th
| 4
| 3
| 0
| 3
|0
| 0
|-
|{{Flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[1997 Asia Cup|1997]]
|Group stage
|4th
|4
|3
|0
|3
|0
| 0
|-
|style="border:3px solid red"|{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[2000 Asia Cup|2000]]
|Group stage
|4th
|4
|3
|0
|3
|0
| 0
|-
|{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[2004 Asia Cup|2004]]
| Super 4
| 4th
| 6
| 5
| 1
| 4
| 0
| 0
|-
| {{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[2008 Asia Cup|2008]]
|Super 4
| 4th
|6
|5
|1
|4
| 0
| 0
|-
| {{Flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[2010 Asia Cup|2010]]
|Group stage
| 4th
|4
|3
|0
|3
|0
|0
|-style="background:silver;"
|style="border:3px solid red"| {{Flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[2012 Asia Cup|2012]]
|Runner up
|2nd
|4
|4
|2
|2
|0
|0
|-
|style="border:3px solid red"| {{Flag icon|Bangladesh}} [[2014 Asia Cup|2014]]||Group stage||5th||5||4||0||4||0||0
|-style="background:silver;"
|style="border:3px solid red"|{{Flag icon|Bangladesh}} [[2016 Asia Cup|2016]]
|Runner up
|2nd
|5
|5
|3
|2
|0
|0
|-style="background:silver;"
|{{Flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[2018 Asia Cup|2018]]
|Runner up
|2nd
|6
|6
|3
|3
|0
|0
|-
|{{Flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[2022 Asia Cup|2022]]
|Group stage
|5th
|6
|2
|0
|2
|0
|0
|-bgcolor=#cc9966
|{{Flagicon|Sri Lanka}} {{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[2023 Asia Cup|2023]]
|Super 4
|3rd
|6
|5
|2
|3
|0
|0
|-bgcolor=#cc9966
|{{Flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[2025 Asia Cup|2025]]
|Super 4
|3rd
|8
|6
|3
|3
|0
|0
|-
|style="border:3px solid red"|{{Flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[2027 Asia Cup|2027]]
| colspan="8" |''Qualified via ICC Full Membership Status''
|-
!Total
!0 titles
!
!
!61
!15
!48
!0
!0
|}

=== Commonwealth Games ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
! style="color:white; background:#006A4E;" colspan=9|Commonwealth Games record
|-
! width="90" |Period
! Result
! width="40" |{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}
! width="40" |{{Abbr|№|Number of teams}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|Pld|Games played}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|T|Drawn}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
|-
|{{Flag icon|Malaysia}} [[Cricket at the 1998 Commonwealth Games|1998]]
|Group stage
|14th
|16
|3
|0
|3
|0
|0
|-
!Total
!0 medals
!
!
!3
!0
!3
!0
!0
|}

===Olympics Games===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
! style="color:white; background:#006A4E;" colspan=9|Summer Olympics record
|-
! width="90" |Period
! Result
! width="40" |{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}
! width="40" |{{Abbr|№|Number of teams}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|Pld|Games played}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|T|Drawn}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
|-
|{{Flag icon|USA}} [[Cricket at the 2028 Summer Olympics|2028]]
| colspan="8" |''To be determined''
|-
|{{Flag icon|AUS}} [[2032 Summer Olympics|2032]]
| colspan="8" |''To be determined''
|-
!Total
!0 medals
!
!
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
|}

===Asian Games===
All matches of 2010 and 2014 seasons were counted as T20s. Since the announcement of T-20 matches between all members having international status from 1 January 2019, all matches from the 2022 season onward are granted as T20Is.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
! style="color:white; background:#006A4E;" colspan=9|Asian Games record
|-
! width="90" |Period
! Result
! width="40" |{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}
! width="40" |{{Abbr|№|Number of teams}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|Pld|Games played}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|T|Drawn}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
|-style="background:gold;"
|'''{{Flag icon|China}} [[Cricket at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's tournament|2010]]'''
|'''Gold'''
|'''1st'''
|'''11'''
|'''3'''
|'''3'''
|'''0'''
|'''0'''
|'''0'''
|-bgcolor=#cc9966
|{{Flag icon|South Korea}} [[Cricket at the 2014 Asian Games – Men's tournament|2014]]
|Bronze
|3rd
|13
|3
|2
|0
|0
|1
|-bgcolor=#cc9966
|{{Flag icon|China}} [[Cricket at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's tournament|2022]]
|Bronze
|3rd
|15
|3
|2
|1
|0
|0
|-
|{{Flag icon|Japan}} [[Cricket at the 2026 Asian Games|2026]]
| colspan="8" |''To be determined''
|-
!Total
!3 medals
!
!
!9
!7
!1
!0
!1
|}

===ACC Trophy===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
! style="color:white; background:#006A4E;" colspan=9|ACC Trophy record
|-
! width="90" |Period
! Result
! width="40" |{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}
! width="40" |{{Abbr|№|Number of teams}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|Pld|Games played}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|T|Drawn}}
! width="20" |{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
|- style="background:gold;"
|'''{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[1996 ACC Trophy|1996]]'''|| '''Champions'''||'''1st'''||'''12'''||'''7'''||'''7'''||'''0'''||'''0'''
|'''0'''
|- style="background:gold;"
|'''{{flagicon|Nepal}} [[1998 ACC Trophy|1998]]'''
|'''Champions'''||'''1st'''||'''10'''||'''6'''||'''5'''||'''0'''||'''0'''
|'''1'''
|-
|'''Total'''||'''2 titles'''|| || ||'''13'''||'''12'''||'''0'''||'''0'''
|'''1'''
|}

==Honours==
===ACC===
* '''[[Asia Cup]]'''
** '''Runners-up (3):''' [[2012 Asia Cup|2012]], [[2016 Asia Cup|2016]], [[2018 Asia Cup|2018]]

===Others===
* '''[[Cricket at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]'''
** '''Gold Medal (1):''' [[Cricket at the 2010 Asian Games – Men|2010]]
** '''Bronze Medal (2):''' [[Cricket at the 2014 Asian Games – Men|2014]], [[Cricket at the 2022 Asian Games – Men|2022]]
* '''[[Cricket at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]]'''
** '''Gold Medal (2):''' [[Cricket at the 2010 South Asian Games|2010]], [[Cricket at the 2019 South Asian Games|2019]]

==Records==
* Players listed in '''bold''' are still playing.

'''International match summary – Bangladesh'''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283877.html |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|title=RECORDS / TEST MATCHES / TEAM RECORDS / RESULTS SUMMARY |access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283878.html |title=Records / One-Day Internationals / Team Records / Result summary |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283307.html |title=RECORDS / TWENTY20 INTERNATIONALS / TEAM RECORDS / RESULTS SUMMARY|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;" | '''Playing record'''
|-
! Format !! M !! W !! L !! T !! D/NR !! Inaugural match
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Test matches || 156 || 25 || 112 || 0 || 19 || 10 November 2000
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| One-Day Internationals || 458 || 165 || 282 || 1 || 10 || 31 March 1986
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| Twenty20 Internationals || 212 || 86 || 121 || 0 || 5 || 28 November 2006
|-
| colspan="8" |{{small|''Last updated 15 March 2026''}}
|}

===Test matches===
{{main|List of Bangladesh Test cricket records}}

* Highest team total: 638 v. [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]], 8–12 March 2013 at [[Galle International Stadium|Galle]]
* Lowest team total : 43 v. [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]], 4–8 July 2018 at [[Sir Viv Richards Stadium|North Sound]]
* Highest individual score: 219*, [[Mushfiqur Rahim]] v. [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]], 12 November 2018 at [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium|Dhaka]]
* Most individual runs in a match: 281, [[Mominul Haque]] (176 and 105) v. [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]], 2018 at [[Chittagong]]
* Best individual bowling figures in an innings: 8/39, [[Taijul Islam]] v. [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]], 25–27 October 2014 at [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium|Dhaka]]
* Best individual bowling figures in a match: 12/117, [[Mehedi Hasan Miraz]] (7/59 and 5/58) v. [[West Indies national cricket team|West Indies]], 30 November- 2 December 2018 at [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium|Dhaka]]

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}

'''Most Test runs for Bangladesh'''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=1;id=25;type=team |title=Records / Bangladesh / Test matches / Most runs |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=19 March 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Player!!Runs!!Average!!Career span
|-
|'''[[Mushfiqur Rahim]]''' || 6510 || 38.75 || 2005–2025
|-
|[[Tamim Iqbal]] || 5134 || 38.89 || 2008–2023
|-
|'''[[Mominul Haque]]''' || 4859 || 37.66 || 2013–2025
|-
|'''[[Shakib Al Hasan]]''' || 4609 || 37.77 || 2007–2024
|-
|'''[[Litton Das]]''' || 3117 || 35.42 || 2015–2025
|}
{{col-break}}

'''Most Test wickets for Bangladesh'''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=1;id=25;type=team |title=Records / Bangladesh / Test matches / Most wickets |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=19 March 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Player!!Wickets!!Average!!Career span
|-
|'''[[Taijul Islam]]''' || 250 || 31.06 || 2014–2025
|-
|'''[[Shakib Al Hasan]]''' || 246 || 31.72 || 2007–2024
|-
|'''[[Mehedi Hasan Miraz]]''' || 210 || 32.47 || 2016–2025
|-
|[[Mohammad Rafique (cricketer)|Mohammad Rafique]] || 100 || 40.76 || 2000–2008
|-
|[[Mashrafe Mortaza]] || 78 || 41.52 || 2001–2009
|}
{{col-end}}

'''Test record versus other nations'''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; width: 800px"
|-
! Opponent !!Span!! M !! W !! L !! T !! D !! Win % !! First win
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|AFG|2013}} ||2019–2023|| 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 50.00% || 17 June 2023
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|AUS}} ||2003–2017|| 6 || 1 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 16.66% || 30 August 2017
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|ENG}} ||2003–2016|| 10 || 1 || 9 || 0 || 0 || 10.00% || 30 October 2016
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|IND}} ||2000–2024|| 15 || 0 || 13 || 0 || 2 || 0.00% ||
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|IRE}} || 2023–2025 || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00% || 7 April 2023
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|NZL}} ||2001–2023|| 19 || 2 || 14 || 0 || 3 || 10.52% || 5 January 2022
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|PAK}} ||2001–2024|| 15 || 2 || 12 || 0 || 1 || 13.33% || 25 August 2024
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|RSA}} ||2002–2024|| 16 || 0 || 14 || 0 || 2 || 0.00% ||
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|SRI}} ||2001–2025|| 28 || 1 || 21 || 0 || 6 || 3.70% || 19 March 2017
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|WIN}} ||2002–2024|| 22 || 5 || 15 || 0 || 2 || 22.72% || 13 July 2009
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|ZIM}} ||2001–2025|| 20 || 9 || 8 || 0 || 3 || 45.00% || 10 January 2005
|-
!Totals
!2000–2025
!156
!25
!112
!0
!19
! colspan="2" |W%: 16.02%
|-
| colspan=9| {{small|''Statistics are correct as of {{cr|BAN}} v {{cr|IRE}} at [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]], [[Dhaka]], 1st Test, 19–23 November 2025''}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Records / Bangladesh / Test matches / Result summary |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?class=1;id=25;type=team |access-date=23 November 2025 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref>
|}

===One-Day Internationals===
{{main|List of Bangladesh One Day International cricket records}}

* Highest team total: 349/6 v. [[Ireland national cricket team|Ireland]], 20 March 2023 at [[Sylhet]].
* Lowest team total: 58 v. [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]], 4 March 2011 and v. [[India national cricket team|India]], 17 June 2014 at [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium|Dhaka]].
* Highest individual score: 176, [[Liton Das]] v. [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]], 6 March 2020 at [[Sylhet International Cricket Stadium|Sylhet]].
* Best individual bowling figures: 6/26, [[Mashrafe Mortaza]] v. [[Kenya national cricket team|Kenya]], 15 August 2006 at [[Gymkhana Club Ground|Nairobi (Gymkhana)]] and [[Rubel Hossain]] v. [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]], 29 October 2013 at Dhaka.

{{col-begin}}

{{col-break}}

'''Most ODI runs for Bangladesh'''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=2;id=25;type=team |title=Records / Bangladesh / One-Day Internationals / Most runs |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=24 May 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Player!!Runs!!Average!!Career span
|-
|[[Tamim Iqbal]] || 8357 || 36.65 || 2007–2023
|-
|[[Mushfiqur Rahim]] || 7793 || 36.75 || 2006–2024
|-
|'''[[Shakib Al Hasan]]''' || 7570 || 37.29 || 2006–2023
|-
|[[Mahmudullah Riyad|Mahmudullah]] || 5685 || 36.67 || 2007–2024
|-
|[[Mohammad Ashraful]] || 3468 || 22.37 || 2001–2013
|}
{{col-break}}
'''Most ODI wickets for Bangladesh'''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=2;id=25;type=team |title=Records / Bangladesh / One-Day Internationals / Most wickets |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=16 June 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Player!!Wickets!!Average!!Career span
|-
|'''[[Shakib Al Hasan]]''' || 317 || 29.52 || 2006–2023
|-
|[[Mashrafe Mortaza]] || 269 || 32.65 || 2001–2020
|-
|[[Abdur Razzak (cricketer)|Abdur Razzak]] || 207 || 29.29 || 2004–2014
|-
|'''[[Mustafizur Rahman]]''' || 182 || 26.96 || 2015–2026
|-
|'''[[Rubel Hossain]]''' || 129 || 34.31 || 2009–2021
|}
{{col-end}}

'''ODI record versus other nations'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 800px"
|-
! Opponent !! Span !! M !! W !! L !! T !! NR !! Win % !! First win
|-
! colspan="9" style="text-align: center; " |'''v. Full Members (Test nations)'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|AFG}} ||2014–2025|| 22 || 11 || 11 || 0 || 0 || 50.00% || 18 February 2015
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|AUS}} ||1990–2023|| 22 || 1 || 20 || 0 || 1 || 4.76% || 18 June 2005
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|ENG}} ||2000–2023|| 25 || 5 || 20 || 0 || 0 || 20.00% || 10 July 2010
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|IND}} ||1988–2025|| 42 || 8 || 33 || 0 || 1 || 19.51% || 26 December 2004
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|IRE}} ||2007–2023|| 16 || 11 || 2 || 0 || 3 || 84.62% || 18 March 2008
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|NZL}} ||1990–2025|| 46 || 11 || 34 || 0 || 1 || 24.44% || 9 October 2008
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|PAK}} ||1986–2026|| 42 || 7 || 35 || 0 || 0 || 16.66% || 31 May 1999
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|RSA}} ||2002–2023|| 25 || 6 || 19 || 0 || 0 || 24.00% || 7 April 2007
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|SRI}} ||1986–2025|| 60 || 13 || 45 || 0 || 2 || 22.41% || 22 February 2006
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|WIN}} ||1999–2025|| 50 || 23 || 24 || 1 || 2 || 46.00% || 26 July 2009
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|ZIM}} ||1997–2021|| 81 || 51 || 30 || 0 || 0 || 62.96% || 10 March 2004
|-
! colspan="9" style="text-align: center; " |'''v. Associate Members'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|BER}} ||2007–2007|| 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00% || 25 February 2007
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|CAN}} ||2003–2007|| 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 50.00% || 28 February 2007
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|HK}} ||2004–2004|| 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00% || 16 July 2004
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|KEN}} ||1997–2006|| 14 || 8 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 57.14% || 17 May 1998
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|NED}} ||2010–2023|| 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 33.33% || 14 March 2011
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|SCO}} ||1999–2015|| 4 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00% || 24 May 1999
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|UAE}} ||2008–2008|| 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00% || 24 June 2008
|-
| colspan="9" | {{small|''Statistics are correct as of {{cr|Bangladesh}} v {{cr|Pakistan}} at [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]], [[Dhaka]]; 15 March 2026.''}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Records / Bangladesh / ODI matches / Result summary |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?class=2;id=25;type=team |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=15 March 2026}}</ref>
|}

===Twenty20 Internationals===

{{main|List of Bangladesh Twenty20 International cricket records}}

* Highest team total: 215/5 v. [[Sri Lanka cricket team|Sri Lanka]], 10 March 2018 at [[R. Premadasa Stadium|Colombo]]
* Highest individual score: 103*, [[Tamim Iqbal]] v. [[Oman cricket team|Oman]], 13 March 2016 at [[Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium|Dharamsala]]
* Best individual bowling figures: 6/10, [[Mustafizur Rahman]] v. [[United States national cricket team|United States]], 25 May 2024 at [[Prairie View Cricket Complex|Houston]]

{{col-begin}}

{{col-break}}

'''Most T20I runs for Bangladesh'''<ref>{{cite news |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=3;id=25;type=team |title=Records / Bangladesh / Twenty20 Internationals / Most runs |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Player!!Runs!!Average!!Career span
|-
|'''[[Litton Das]]''' || 2655 || 23.49 || 2015–2025
|-
|'''[[Shakib Al Hasan]]''' || 2551 || 23.19 || 2006–2024
|-
|[[Mahmudullah Riyad|Mahmudullah]] || 2444 || 23.50 || 2007–2024
|-
| [[Tamim Iqbal]] || 1701 || 24.65 || 2007–2020
|-
| [[Mushfiqur Rahim]] || 1500 || 19.48 || 2006–2022
|}
{{col-break}}

'''Most T20I wickets for Bangladesh'''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=3;id=25;type=team |title=Records / Bangladesh / Twenty20 Internationals / Most wickets |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=6 April 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Player!!Wickets!!Average!!Career span
|-
|'''[[Mustafizur Rahman]]''' || 158 || 20.96 || 2015–2025
|-
|'''[[Shakib Al Hasan]]''' || 149 || 20.91 || 2006–2024
|-
|'''[[Taskin Ahmed]]''' || 103 || 21.73 || 2014–2024
|-
|'''[[Rishad Hossain]]''' || 71 || 20.97 || 2023–2025
|-
|'''[[Mahedi Hasan]]''' || 68 || 24.05 || 2018–2025
|}
{{col-end}}

'''T20I record versus other nations'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 800px"
|-
! Opponent !!Span!! M !! W !! L !! T !! NR !! Win % !! First win
|-
! colspan="9" style="text-align:center;" |'''v. Test nations'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|AFG|2013}} ||2014–2025|| 16 || 9 || 7 || 0 || 0 || 56.25% || 16 March 2014
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|AUS}} ||2007–2024|| 11 || 4 || 7 || 0 || 0 || 36.36% || 3 August 2021
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|ENG}} ||2021–2023|| 4 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 75.00% || 9 March 2023
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|IND}} ||2009–2025|| 18 || 1 || 17 || 0 || 0 || 5.88% || 3 November 2019
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|IRE}} ||2009–2025|| 11 || 7 || 3 || 0 || 1 || 70.00% || 18 July 2012
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|NZ}} ||2010–2023|| 20 || 4 || 15 || 0 || 1 || 21.05% || 1 September 2021
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|PAK}} ||2007–2025|| 24 || 5 || 19 || 0 || 0 || 20.83% || 24 April 2015
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|RSA}} ||2007–2024|| 9 || 0 || 9 || 0 || 0 || 0.00% ||
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|SRI}} ||2007–2025|| 22 || 9 || 13 || 0 || 0 || 40.90% || 28 February 2016
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|WIN}} ||2007–2025|| 22 || 8 || 12 || 0 || 2 || 40.00% || 13 September 2007
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|ZIM}} ||2006–2024|| 24 || 17 || 8 || 0 || 0 || 68.00% || 28 November 2006
|-
! colspan="9" style="text-align:center;" |'''v. Associate Members'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|HK}} ||2014–2025|| 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 50.00% || 11 September 2025
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|KEN}} ||2007–2007|| 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00% || 1 September 2007
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|MAS}} ||2023–2023|| 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00% || 4 October 2023
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|NEP}} ||2014–2024|| 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00% || 18 March 2014
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|NED}} ||2012–2025|| 8 || 6 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 85.71% || 25 July 2012
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|OMA}} ||2016–2021|| 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00% || 13 March 2016
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|PNG}} ||2021–2021|| 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00% || 29 October 2021
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|SCO}} ||2012–2021|| 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0.00% ||
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|UAE}} ||2016–2025|| 6 || 4 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 66.66% || 26 February 2016
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| {{cr|USA}} ||2024–2024|| 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 33.33% || 25 May 2024
|-
| colspan="9" |{{small|''Statistics are correct as of {{cr|BAN}} v {{cr|IRE}} at [[Bir Shrestho Flight Lieutenant Matiur Rahman Cricket Stadium]], [[Chittagong]]; 2 December 2025.''}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Records / Bangladesh / T20I matches / Result summary |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?class=3;id=25;type=team |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref>
|}

==World records==
===As a team===
* Most consecutive Test defeats : 21 (2001–2004).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284055.html |title=Records / Test matches / Team records / Most consecutive defeats |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=20 July 2015}}</ref>
* Most consecutive Test series defeats : 16 (2000/01–2004–05).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283964.html |title=Records / Test matches / Team records / Most consecutive series defeats |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=20 July 2015}}</ref>
* Most consecutive ODI defeats : 23 (1999–2002).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/Ci/content/records/284056.html |title=Records / One-Day Internationals / Team records / Most consecutive defeats |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=20 July 2015}}</ref>
* Most consecutive ODIs without victory : 47 (1999–2003).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284049.html |title=Records / One-Day Internationals / Team records / Most consecutive matches without victory |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=20 July 2015}}</ref>
* 3rd country{{efn|Others are Australia and Pakistan}} to win their 100th match in Tests, ODIs and T20Is.<ref name="100T20I"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.facebook.com/18429207554/posts/10158286434257555/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/18429207554/10158286434257555 |archive-date=26 February 2022 |url-access=limited|title=Australia, Pakistan and now Bangladesh are the only teams to win in their 100th match across all formats 💯|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] Official Facebook page|date=23 July 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* Only Test team to lose their first ODI played against five non-Test teams (Canada 2003, Kenya 2003, Ireland 2007, Netherlands 2010 and Afghanistan 2014).<ref>{{cite news |date=March 2014 |title=Bangladesh's first-encounter |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/stats-bangladesh-s-first-encounter-blues-afghan-s-first-724301 |access-date=1 March 2014}}</ref>
* The highest innings total in a losing cause : 595/8 dec. vs New Zealand in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/18485552/highest-total-losing-cause |title = Bangladesh's 595: The highest total in a losing cause|date = 16 January 2017}}</ref>
* The least time among all 10 Test-playing countries—to reach the landmark figure of playing 100 tests : 16 years and 12 days.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/youngest-test-side-bangladesh-cricket-team-set-for-century-milestone/story-Zhq4yrpKYbI8yRJ4RBFI6M.html |title=Youngest Test team Bangladesh cricket team set for century milestone |work=Hindustan Times |date=14 March 2017 |access-date=19 March 2017}}</ref>
* First team to get 6 ducks in an innings in consecutive Tests and also the only team to achieve it more than once in Test cricket's history. (1st and 3rd vs West Indies in 2002 and 2022 respectively and 2nd vs Sri Lanka.)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/360011410815437/posts/2457649464384944/|title=Bangladesh are the first team to bag 6 DUCKS in an innings in back-to-back Tests|work=bdcrictime.com Facebook page|date=17 June 2022|access-date=17 June 2022}}</ref>
* The first-ever team to win two international matches in two different formats on the same day.<ref name="Cricket Times"/>

===By Bangladeshi players===
* Only the third cricketer{{efn|out of 4:[[Charles Bannerman]] ([[Australia national cricket team|Australia]]), [[David Houghton (cricketer)|Dave Houghton]] ([[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]]) and [[Kevin O'Brien (cricketer)|Kevin O'Brien]] ([[Ireland cricket team|Ireland]])}} to score a century in their country's inaugural test : [[Aminul Islam (cricketer, born 1968)|Aminul Islam]] (in 2000 against [[Indian national cricket team|India]]).<ref name="BAN18yrsRecord">{{cite news |script-title=bn:বাংলাদেশের যত তেতো-মিঠা বিশ্ব রেকর্ড |trans-title=Bitter-sweet world record of Bangladesh |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/article/1564616/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1 |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |date=10 November 2018 |language=bn |access-date= 10 November 2018}}</ref>
* Youngest cricketer to make a Test century: [[Mohammad Ashraful]] (17 years and 61 days : 114 against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] at [[Sinhalese Sports Club Ground|Colombo]] on 8 September 2001).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282986.html|title=Records {{!}} Test matches {{!}} Batting records {{!}} Youngest player to score a hundred |website=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 June 2019}}</ref>
* Youngest bowler to take a [[10 wicket haul]] in Tests : [[Enamul Haque (Sylhet cricketer, born 1986)|Enamul Haque Jr.]] (18 years 40 days : against [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]] in 2005).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283789.html|title=Records {{!}} Test matches {{!}} Bowling records {{!}} Youngest player to take ten-wickets-in-a-match |website=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
* Leading wicket-taker in [[One Day International|ODI]]s in 2006 : [[Mashrafe Mortaza]] (49 wickets in 27 matches).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=2;id=2006;type=year |title=Records / 2006 / One-Day Internationals / Most wickets |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=11 July 2015}}</ref>
* Only the 2nd Test cricketer in history to make a century at number 10 on debut: [[Abul Hasan (cricketer)|Abul Hasan]] (On 21 November 2012 against the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] at [[Sheikh Abu Naser Stadium|Khulna]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/duff-peer-bangladesh-cricketer-equals-110yearold-test-record-20121121-29rbr.html |title=Duff peer: Bangladesh cricketer equals 110-year-old Test record |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=22 November 2012| access-date=26 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-v-west-indies-2012/content/story/592201.html |title = No. 10 Abul Hasan's debut ton revives Bangladesh| work=Cricinfo |date = 21 November 2012}}</ref>
* The first cricketer ever to score a century and take a hat-trick in the same Test match : [[Sohag Gazi]] (On 13 October 2013 against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] at [[Zohur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium|Chittagong]])<ref>{{cite news |date=13 October 2013 |title=Gazi shines as Test ends in draw |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-tour-of-bangladesh-2013-14-668933/bangladesh-vs-new-zealand-1st-test-668949/match-report-5 |access-date=13 December 2014}}</ref>
* Only the 3rd{{efn|after [[Ian Botham]] ([[England cricket team|England]]) and [[Imran Khan]] ([[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]])}} cricketer to score a century and get 10 wickets in a test match : [[Shakib Al Hasan]] (in 2014)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/287370.html|title=Records {{!}} Test matches {{!}} All-round records {{!}} 100 runs and 10 wickets in a match|website=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 June 2019}}</ref>
* The first bowler in ODI history to claim a [[List of One Day International cricket hat-tricks|hat-trick on debut]] : [[Taijul Islam]] (On 1 December 2014 [[Zimbabwean cricket team in Bangladesh in 2014–15|against Zimbabwe]])<ref name="Hattrick">{{cite web |title=Taijul debut hat-trick sets 129 target |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/zimbabwe-tour-of-bangladesh-2014-15-760771/bangladesh-vs-zimbabwe-5th-odi-760795/match-report |access-date=1 December 2014 |work=ESPN Cricinfo|date=December 2014 }}</ref>
* The first player in history to hold the number 1 positions in all three formats of cricket, in the all-rounder category : [[Shakib Al Hasan]] (On 12 January 2015)<ref name="news.com.au"/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://en.prothom-alo.com/sport/news/57883/Shakib-top-all-rounder-in-all-3-formats |title=Shakib top all-rounder in all 3 formats |work=Prothom Alo |access-date=9 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310181901/http://en.prothom-alo.com/sport/news/57883/Shakib-top-all-rounder-in-all-3-formats |archive-date=10 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* The first cricketer ever to take 11 wickets in his first two ODIs : [[Mustafizur Rahman]] (5/50 and 6/43 against [[India national cricket team|India]] in June 2015 at Dhaka).<ref>{{cite news |date=21 June 2015 |title=Mustafizur's record-breaking ODI genesis |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/mustafizur-s-record-breaking-odi-genesis-890051 |access-date=22 June 2015}}</ref>
* The only players to get the Man of the match in two formats of the international cricket as a debutant : [[Elias Sunny]] (in Test vs [[West Indies national cricket team|West Indies]] in 2011 & T20I vs [[Ireland national cricket team|Ireland]] in 2012)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/531986.html|title=Test debutant Sunny became Player of the match|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|date=25 October 2011|access-date=26 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/531986.html|title=T20I debutant Sunny became Player of the match|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|date=18 July 2012 |access-date=19 July 2012}}</ref> and [[Mustafizur Rahman]] (in ODI vs [[India national cricket team|India]]) and in Test vs [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] both in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Com |first1=Bdnews24 |url=http://bangla.bdnews24.com/cricket/article1001610.bdnews |script-title=bn:মুস্তাফিজের অনন্য ইতিহাস |work=[[bdnews24.com]]|date=25 July 2015|language=bn |access-date=26 July 2015}}</ref>
* The first cricketer to take the double of 100 wickets and 1,000 runs in T20Is : [[Shakib Al Hasan]] (In August 2021 [[Australian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2021|against Australia]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/cricket/news/shakib-only-player-the-double-100-wickets-and-1k-runs-t20is-2148521 |title=Shakib only player to the double of 100 wickets and 1K runs in T20Is |work=The Daily Star |date=9 August 2021 |access-date=9 August 2021}}</ref>
* The first cricketer to take the double of 2500 runs and 100 wickets in T20Is : Shakib Al Hasan (In June 2024 against Nederlands in ICC T20 World Cup 2024)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kataria |first=Aayush |date=13 June 2024 |title=Shakib Al Hasan Makes History, Becomes First Player In The World To... |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/shakib-al-hasan-creates-history-becomes-first-player-in-history-to-score-2500-runs-and-take-150-wickets-in-t20is-history-article-110976570ayer-in-history-to-score-2500-runs-and-take-150-wickets-in-t20is-history-article-110976570&ved=2ahUKEwjMm_K4ttmGAxWA1DgGHdtOCiEQxfQBKAB6BAgKEAI&usg=AOvVaw3vdNK3HqlrpEtq6H9OMDGh |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=[[Times Now]]}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal bar|Cricket|Bangladesh}}
* [[Bangladesh Premier League]]
* [[Bangladesh national women's cricket team]]
* [[Bangladesh national under-19 cricket team]]
* [[List of Bangladesh national cricket captains]]
* [[Bangladesh–Sri Lanka cricket rivalry]]
* [[Bangladesh Cricket Board]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline}}
* {{official website}}

{{s-start}}
{{Succession box
| title = [[Test cricket|Test match playing teams]]
| years = 10 November 2000
| before = [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]]
| after = [[Ireland cricket team|Ireland]]
}}
{{S-end}}
{{Bangladesh national cricket team}}
{{Navboxes|
|titlestyle=background:#006A4E; color:white;
|list=
{{National sports teams of Bangladesh}}
{{International cricket tours of Bangladesh}}
{{National cricket teams}}
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}}

[[Category:Cricket in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:National cricket teams|Bangladesh]]
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Bangaon Dakshin Assembly constituency

2026-03-17T13:22:44Z

Robertoson: general updated citations to improve readability and improved wording to improve readability

{{Short description|West Bengal Legislative Assembly constituency}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{other uses|Bangaon (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bangaon Dakshin
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Bangaon Dakshin.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Bangaon Dakshin Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bangaon Lok Sabha constituency|Bangaon]]
| constituency_no = 96
| established = 1951
| reservation = SC
| abolished =
| mla = [[Swapan Majumder]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| electors = 248,278
}}

'''Bangaon Dakshin Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 96 Bangaon Dakshin Assembly constituency (SC) is composed of the following: Bairampur, Chauberia I, Chauberia II, Dighari, Kalupur and Palla [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Bangaon (Community development block)|Bangaon]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]], and Chandpara, Dooma, Fulsara, Jaleswar II, Jhaudanga and Ramnagar gram panchayats of [[Gaighata (Community development block)|Gaighata]] community development block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140407111145/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 7 April 2014 | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date=15 October 2010 |work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission of India }}</ref>

Bangaon Dakshin Assembly constituency (SC) is part of No. 14 [[Bangaon (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (SC).<ref name=delimitation/> Bongaon assembly constituency was earlier part of [[Barasat (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf | title = Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha | access-date = 15 October 2010 | work = Volume III Details For Assembly Segments Of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher = Election Commission of India | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101006140327/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf| archive-date= 6 October 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
!colspan="4"|''Bangaon''
|-
|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|Jiban Ratan Dhar
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Ajit Kumar Ganguly
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|Manindra Bhusan Biswas
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Jiban Ratan Dhar
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|K. Bhowmick
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|rowspan="3"|Ajit Kumar Ganguly
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Ranajit Mitra
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|Bhupendranath Seth
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|Ranajit Mitra
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|Bhupendranath Seth
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Pankaj Ghosh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|Bhupendranath Seth
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|2006^
|[[Saugata Roy]]
|-
|2009^
|Gopal Seth
|-
!colspan="4"|''Bangaon Dakshin''
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Surajit Kumar Biswas]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[Swapan Majumder]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

* ^ by-election

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Bangoan Dakshin}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Rituparna Addhya|party=Trinamool Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=|party=Left Front (West Bengal)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
In the 2021 election, [[Swapan Majumder]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] defeated his nearest rival Alo Rani Sarkar of AITC.
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2021]]: Bangaon Dakshin<ref name=election2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14106-west-bengal-general-legislative-election-2021-including-ac-56-58/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=15 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=96| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120327191510/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=96| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 27 March 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work =Bangaon Dakshin| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 24 April 2011}}</ref> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Swapan Majumder]]
|votes = 97,828
|percentage = 47.07
|change = {{increase}}34.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Alo Rani Sarkar
|votes = 95,824
|percentage = 46.11
|change = {{decrease}}3.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Tapas Kumar Biswas
|votes = 10,069
|percentage = 4.84
|change = {{decrease}}30.03
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 1,542
|percentage = 0.74
|change = {{decrease}}0.07
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Rabindra Nath Barai
|votes = 953
|percentage = 0.46
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Pradip Kumar Sarkar
|votes = 820
|percentage = 0.39
|change = {{decrease}}0.47
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,004
|percentage = 0.96
|change = {{decrease}}13.37
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 2,07,834
|percentage = 83.71
|change = {{increase}}0.26
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Bangaon Dakshin}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Surajit Kumar Biswas]]
|votes = 92,379
|percentage = 49.2
|change = {{decrease}}4.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Ramendranath Audhya|votes=65,475|percentage=34.87|change={{decrease}}5.43}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Swapan Majumder]]|votes=24,384|percentage=12.99|change={{increase}}9.78}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Pradip Kumar Sarkar|votes=1,616|percentage=0.86|change={{decrease}}0.34}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=1,512|percentage=0.81|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Amra Bangali|candidate=Dipankar Mandal|votes=1,484|percentage=0.79|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|candidate=Pranballabh Pathak|votes=925|percentage=0.49|change={{decrease}}1.08}}
{{Election box majority||votes=26,904|percentage=14.33|change={{increase}}0.92}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,87,775|percentage=83.45|change={{decrease}}2.89}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
In the 2011 election, Surajit Kumar Biswas of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival Anuj Baran Sarkar of CPI(M).
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Bangaon Dakshin<ref name=election2011>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3195-west-bengal-2011/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 2011 |date=16 August 2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=6 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=96| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120327191510/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=96| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 27 March 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work =Bangaon Dakshin| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 24 April 2011}}</ref> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Surajit Kumar Biswas]]
|votes = 87,677
|percentage = 53.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Anuj Baran Sarkar|votes=65,788|percentage=40.30|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Arun Halder|votes=5,243|percentage=3.21|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|candidate=Himangshu Biswas|votes=2,561|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Rabindra Nath Biswas|votes=1,961|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=163,230|percentage=86.63|change=}}
{{Election box new seat win
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1977-2009 Bongaon assembly seat===
In the 2009 bye-election caused by the election of sitting MLA, [[Saugata Roy]] to the Lok Sabha from [[Dum Dum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dum Dum]], Gopal Seth of All India Trinamool Congress won the Bangaon seat.<ref name="vidhansabha2009bye1">{{cite web|url=http://indian-electionaffairs.com/results/bye-elections/West_Bengal_bye-elections-2009.html |title=West Bengal State Assembly Byelections 2009 |publisher=Indian Election Affairs |access-date=26 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713024926/http://indian-electionaffairs.com/results/bye-elections/West_Bengal_bye-elections-2009.html |archive-date=13 July 2011 }}</ref><ref name="vidhansabha2009bye2">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/press/current/pn101109.pdf| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120927075128/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/press/current/pn101109.pdf| url-status = dead| archive-date = 27 September 2012| title = Results of bye – elections to the 31 (thirty one) Assembly Constituencies and 1(one) Lok Sabha Constituency|publisher = Election Commission of India | access-date = 26 January 2011}}</ref>

In the 2006 bye-election caused by the death of the sitting MLA, Bhupen Seth, Saugato Roy of Trinamool Congress defeated Pankaj Ghosh of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]].<ref name="vidhansabha2006bye">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ByeElection/ByeOct2006/bye-85-Bongaon.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140814024453/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ByeElection/ByeOct2006/bye-85-Bongaon.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 14 August 2014 |title = Legislative Assembly of West Bengal – Assembly Constituency 85-Bongaon |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref>

In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]],<ref name="vidhansabha2006">{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20101006232430/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf | url-status =dead | archive-date =6 October 2010 |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref> Bhupendranath Seth of All India Trinamool Congress won the Bongaon assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Pankaj Ghosh of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Pankaj Ghosh of CPI(M) defeated Bhupendranath Seth, Independent and [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] respectively) in 2001<ref name="vidhansabha2001">{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20101007212034/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf | url-status =dead | archive-date =7 October 2010 |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref> and 1996.<ref name="vidhansabha1996">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007113156/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 7 October 2010 |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref> Bhupendranath Seth of Congress defeated Ranajit Mitra of CPI(M) in 1991.<ref name="vidhansabha1991">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006200136/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf| url-status = dead| archive-date = 6 October 2010|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref> Ranajit Mitra of CPI(M) defeated Bhupendranath Seth of Congress in 1987.<ref name="vidhansabha1987">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006063052/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 6 October 2010 |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref> Bhupendranath Seth of Congress defeated Ranajit Mitra of CPI(M) in 1982.<ref name=election1982>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3189-west-bengal-1982/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 1982 |date=14 August 2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=14 August 2022}}</ref> Ranajit Mitra of CPI(M) defeated Bhupendranath Seth of Congress in 1977.<ref name="vidhansabha1977">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007062834/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 7 October 2010 |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp85.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120928121541/http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp85.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 28 September 2012 |title =85 - Bongaon Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 15 October 2010}}</ref>

===1951-1972 Bongaon assembly seat===
Ajit Kumar Ganguly of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won in 1972,<ref name=election1972>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3187-west-bengal-1972/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 1972 |date=14 August 2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=24 February 2023}}</ref> 1971<ref name="vidhansabha1971">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120112052412/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 12 January 2012 |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref> and 1969.<ref name=election1969>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3185-west-bengal-1969/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 1969 |date=14 August 2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=24 February 2023}}</ref> K.Bhowmick of Congress won in 1967.<ref name="vidhansabha1967">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006080357/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 6 October 2010 |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref> Jiban Ratan Dhar of Congress won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]].<ref name="vidhansabha1962">{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20101006192934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf | url-status =dead | archive-date =6 October 2010 |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref> In 1957, Bongaon was a joint seat. Ajit Kumar Ganguly of CPI and Manindra Bhusan Biswas of Congress won in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]].<ref name="vidhansabha1957">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006032945/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 6 October 2010 |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref> Jiban Ratan Dhar of Congress won in [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|1951]].<ref name="vidhansabha1952">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120114095211/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 14 January 2012 |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 13 August 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{North 24 Parganas topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

H. K. L. Bhagat

2026-03-13T05:24:42Z

Robertoson: Updated formatting and improved readability

{{Short description|Indian politician (1921–2005)}}{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = H. K. L. Bhagat
| image = H. K. L. Bhagat Lok Sabha photo.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date|1921|04|04|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sahiwal]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2005|10|21|1921|04|04|df=y}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], Delhi, India
| office = [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Union Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs]]
| term_start = December 1975
| term_end = March 1977
| predecessor =
| successor =
| office2 = [[Minister of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|Union Minister of Parliamentary Affairs]]
| term_start2 = 31 December 1984
| term_end2 = 2 December 1989
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| office1 = [[Minister of Information and Broadcasting|Union Minister of Information and Broadcasting]]
| termstart1 = February 1983
| termend1 = December 1984
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| nickname = Kingmaker, Uncrowned King of Delhi
}}

'''Hari Krishan Lal Bhagat''' (4 April 1921 {{endash}} 29 October 2005) was an Indian [[politician]] of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] party. He served as the Deputy Mayor and Mayor of [[Delhi]], the Chief Whip of [[Delhi Pradesh Congress Committee]] (DPCC), and as a six-time MP and Union minister for 22 years. Hailed as the “Uncrowned King Of Delhi" and "Kingmaker", Bhagat was commonly known for being a successful loyalist to [[Indira Gandhi]] and maintained unparalleled influence in Delhi and the [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] throughout the 1970s and 80s. During his time as a politician, Bhagat reigned massive influence in Delhi, and it's often alleged that no Delhi politician could start their careers without the approval of Bhagat, thus giving him the name "Kingmaker". Bhagat's career reached its peak in the [[1984 Indian general election|1984 election]], in which his victory for the East Delhi seat was second largest out of all 543 victories in the entire country. Throughout his career in politics, Bhagat held several different ministerial roles. Bhagat's career declined in the early 1990s after he was named in several commissions investigating the role of Congress politicians during the [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]]. His alleged role in the riots is controversial, though he was cleared by the government in two trials in the 1990s and early 2000s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=KAUR |first=JASKARAN |title=TWENTY YEARS OF IMPUNITY |date=October 2006 |publisher=Ensaaf |isbn=978-0-97870-730-9 |location=Portland, USA |pages=80+}}</ref>

== Career ==
Born in West Punjab, British India (now Pakistan), Bhagat moved to Delhi in 1947 following [[Partition of India|partition]] and quickly became active in the politics of the area. A strong [[Indira Gandhi]] loyalist, and strong leader in Delhi in the 1970s and 1980s,<ref name=Outlook>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/congress-old-fox-in-delhi-hkl-bhagat-dead/332025|title = Congress 'Old Fox' in Delhi HKL Bhagat dead}}</ref> Bhagat won six consecutive elections by large margins, and was responsible for a Congress comeback in the 1980 and 1983 elections in Delhi.<ref name="Outlook" /> He was known to have a strong group in the Congress Party, and won his first [[Lok Sabha]] election in 1971 from the [[East Delhi constituency]] in Delhi. He grew in political stature after Congress' victory in the local elections of 1983 which led him to be known as the ‘Uncrowned King of Delhi’ for many a years. He held ministerial positions, including of Information and Broadcasting, Parliamentary Affairs and Law, and made the state-run TV "[[Doordarshan]]" the Congress party's mouthpiece during the mid to late 1980s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-24 |title=Shri H.K.L. Bhagat MP biodata East Delhi {{!}} ENTRANCE INDIA |url=https://entranceindia.com/election-and-politics/shri-h-k-l-bhagat-member-of-parliament-mp-from-east-delhi-delhi-biodata/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Bhagat's career declined after losing from East Delhi in 1991. Towards the end of his political career, he was named by the [[Nanavati Commission]] for an alleged involvement in the [[1984 Anti-Sikh Riots]].<ref name="Outlook" /> The commission did not recommend any action against Bhagat when it was published in 2005, due to his acquittal in other court cases and his poor health at the time. Based on the recommendation of the Nanavati Commission, the government ultimately declined to prosecute Bhagat because of his poor health by that time and in which he died 8 months later. According to the Nanavati Commission, Bhagat and Lieutenant Governor of Delhi, P.G. Gavai, visited areas affected by violence for about 2 and a half hours on 2 November 1984. During the riots, a local councilor in Delhi and 5 other persons visited the residence of Bhagat, raising their concerns of the violence. Bhagat allegedly told them he was making efforts to provide compensation to victims of the riots in [[Trilokpuri Assembly constituency|Trilokpuri]] and asked for affidavits by them to declare him innocent along with other Congress leaders.<ref name="Outlook" /> He was acquitted by the courts in both cases citing lack of evidence as many witnesses including his security personnel testifying that Bhagat was next to late PM Indira Gandhi's body for 3 days and did not leave her premises. The then Lieutenant Governor of Delhi also testified to Nanavati commission that HKL Bhagat called him multiple times asking for the Army to be brought in.

Bhagat's alleged role in the riots made him a target for [[Khalistan movement|Sikh Militants]], and was on a hit list of Sikh assassins [[Sukhdev Singh Sukha]] and [[Harjinder Singh Jinda]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=NANAVATI |first=G.T |title=NANAVATI COMMISSION OF INQUIRY (1984 ANTI-SIKH RIOTS) REPORT |publisher=Government of India |date=9 February 2005 |pages=88–186}}</ref>

In the 1984 election, Bhagat won the East Delhi district once again, this time with 73% of the vote: the second largest victory in the country. Another victory was scored by him in 1989, but the emergence of numerous local and national political had resulted in Bhagat and the Congress vote being wrested by other parties, decreasing his vote share. He ran for a final time in 1991, but the fallout of reports over his actions in the 1984 riots, as well as a general decline of the Congress party post-Gandhi had seen Bhagat defeated, after 11 years of direct rule, and 17 non-continuous years of power as an MP for East Delhi alone.

Bhagat began to suffer from a decline in health following his leave from Congress in 1997. Bhagat died in a hospital after prolonged illness and he was suffering from [[Alzheimer's disease]]. He is survived by his son, DPCC gen secretary Deepak Bhagat.

== Electoral history ==

=== [[10th Lok Sabha|10th Lok Sabha: 1991 General Elections]] ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[1991 Indian general election]]: East Delhi<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf 1991 Lok Sabha results by constituency]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Baikunth Lal Sharma|B. L. Sharma (Prem)]]|votes=303,141|percentage=40.27|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[H. K. L. Bhagat]]|votes=241,316|percentage=32.05|change=-17.74}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Janata Dal|candidate=[[Ramvir Singh Bidhuri|Ram Bir Singh Bidhuri]]|votes=158,712|percentage=21.08|change=+15.83}}
{{Election box majority|votes=61,825|percentage=8.22|change=-16.15}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=752,846|percentage=48.23|change=-1.40}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Bharatiya Janata Party|loser=Indian National Congress|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

=== [[9th Lok Sabha|9th Lok Sabha: 1989 General Elections]] ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[1989 Indian general election]]: East Delhi<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf 1989 Lok Sabha results by constituency]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=H K L Bhagat|votes=359,602|percentage=49.79|change=-27.16}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Chand Ram|votes=183,603|percentage=25.42|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=[[Kanshi Ram]]|votes=81,095|percentage=11.23|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Janata Dal|candidate=Kishor Lal|votes=37,925|percentage=5.25|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=175,999|percentage=24.37|change=-37.84}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=722,183|percentage=49.63|change=-11.72}}
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|swing=-27.16}}
{{Election box end}}

=== [[8th Lok Sabha|8th Lok Sabha: 1984 General Elections]] ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[1984 Indian general election]]: East Delhi<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf 1984 Lok Sabha results by constituency]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=H K L Bhagat|votes=386,150|percentage=76.95|change=+21.95}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Janata Party|candidate=Kishore Lal|votes=73,970|percentage=14.74|change=-19.17}}
{{Election box majority|votes=312,180|percentage=62.21|change=+41.12}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=501,822|percentage=61.35|change=-1.01}}
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|swing=+21.95}}
{{Election box end}}

=== [[7th Lok Sabha|7th Lok Sabha: 1980 General Elections]] ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[1980 Indian general election]]: East Delhi<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf 1980 Lok Sabha results by constituency]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress (Indira)|candidate=H K L Bhagat|votes=228,727|percentage=55.00|change=+24.64}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Janata Party|candidate=Kishore Lal|votes=141,019|percentage=33.91|change=-34.04}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Janata Party (Secular)|candidate=Mir Singh|votes=25,539|percentage=6.14|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=87,708|percentage=21.09|change=-16.50}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=415,881|percentage=62.36|change=-7.77}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Indian National Congress (Indira)|loser=Bharatiya Lok Dal|swing=+24.64}}
{{Election box end}}

=== [[6th Lok Sabha|6th Lok Sabha: 1977 General Elections]] ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[1977 Indian general election]]: East Delhi<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf 1977 Lok Sabha results by constituency]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Janata Party|candidate=[[Kishore Lal]]|votes=240,594|percentage=67.95|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=H K L Bhagat|votes=107,487|percentage=30.36|change=-33.76}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Republican Party of India|candidate=Radhey Shyam|votes=3,748|percentage=1.06|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=133,107|percentage=37.59|change=+5.12}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=354,078|percentage=70.13|change=+5.31}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Janata Party|loser=Indian National Congress|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

=== [[5th Lok Sabha|5th Lok Sabha: 1971 General Elections]] ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[1971 Indian general election]]: East Delhi<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf 1971 Lok Sabha results by constituency]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=H K L Bhagat|votes=146,632|percentage=64.12|change=+18.65}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh|candidate=Hardayal Devgun|votes=72,382|percentage=31.65|change=-17.11}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress (Organization)|candidate=Fateh Singh|votes=5,717|percentage=2.50|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=74,250|percentage=32.47|change=+29.18}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=228,685|percentage=64.82|change=-2.47}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|loser=Bharatiya Jana Sangh|swing=+18.65}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051030/main4.htm A short profile at The Tribune site]
* [http://info.indiatimes.com/1984/ Times Of India Report on 1984 Anti-Sikh Pogroms] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321085903/http://www1.info.indiatimes.com/1984/ |date=21 March 2018 }}
* {{YouTube|N16XrqWkLbE|NDTV X-Factor discussion about involvement of HKL Bhagat, Tytler, Sajjan Kumar and Congress Party in 1984 riots}}

{{Ministers of Information and Broadcasting}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhagat, H. K. L.}}
[[Category:20th-century mayors of places in India]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:1984 anti-Sikh riots]]
[[Category:Mayors of Delhi]]
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Delhi]]
[[Category:People from East Delhi district]]
[[Category:Ministers for information and broadcasting of India]]
[[Category:Tourism ministers of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]

Neihsial

2026-03-12T21:48:27Z

Robertoson:

{{Orphan|date=May 2025}}

[[File:India Manipur locator map.svg|thumbnail|The Neihsiel ethnic group is concentrated primarily in the [[Churachandpur District|Churachandpur]], [[Senapati District|Senapati]], [[Chandel District|Chandel]] and Tamenglong district of the Indian state of [[Manipur]], shown on this map in red.]]
[[File:Neihsial Traditional Attire 2014-03-06 22-17.jpg|thumbnail|Neihsial traditional attire pattern]]

{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Neihsial
| regions = [[Churachandpur district|Churachandpur]], [[Senapati district|Senapati]], [[Chandel district|Chandel]], [[Tamenglong District]] [[Manipur]], [[India]], Assam and Nagaland. Chin Hills or Chin State(Burma).
| languages = Neihsial Pau
| religions = Vokpi Dawi Hou (traditional religion) and [[Christianity]]
| related = [[Chin people|Chin]], [[Kuki people|Kuki]] and [[Mizo people|Mizo]]
}}

The '''Neihsial''' is an ethnic group found in [[Northeast India|northeastern]] India and parts of [[Myanmar]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Esel Neihsial |url=http://singngil.blogspot.in/2012/08/who-are-neihsial.html |title=Who Are Neihsial? |publisher=Singngil.blogspot.in |date=2012-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310041321/http://singngil.blogspot.com/2012/08/who-are-neihsial.html |archive-date=2014-03-10}}</ref> Members of this group are largely concentrated in the [[Churachandpur district|Churachandpur]], [[Senapati district|Senapati]], [[Chandel district|Chandel]] District and Tamenglong district of the Indian state of [[Manipur]]. There is also a sizable population in the neighboring [[Chin State]] of [[Burma|Myanmar]].

The Neihsial speak a Tibeto-Burman language which is unique and different from the [[Vaiphei people|Vaiphei]] and [[Gangte people|Gangte]] tribal dialects. Some of the Neihsial are scattered among the Vaiphei, Gangte, [[Paite people|Paite]] and [[Thadou people|Thadou]] tribes in India, where as a large number of significant proportion speak the Neihsial dialect and followed its traditions. The word Neihsial is being spell in various variations such as Neihsiel and Neihsel due to others dialects and literature influences.<ref>Neihsial, Mung, "Neihsial", p.1</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=July 2023}} Currently, the Neihsial are not recognized as a tribe in India. Instead, the Neihsial are classified under the nomenclature [[Zo people|ZOMI and KUKI]]

The Neihsial practice a subsistence form of agriculture, Jhum or [[slash-and-burn]] cultivation.

==Origin==
The meaning associated behind the word “Neihsial” is a combination of the words: 'neih' means to have/possess or owned and 'sial' means mithun (name of animal) or to boast. Scholars believe that the name was derived from the phrase "Owner of many mithun" or “boasting of wealth.”.<ref>Pa Gho Khan Dal, Guite Khang Thu, Kalemyo, April,1986, p.15</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=July 2023}} As is the case with other neighboring tribes, the genesis of Neihsial cannot be effectively traced and produced, due to the lack of written historical evidence. The various Neihsial clans are scattered amongst various other Zo ethnic dailects, such as Gangte, Thadou and Paite. But one thing remains certain. That, they have lineal connection with the Vaiphei speaking group is undeniable as various forms of customary practices such as the payment of sating (meat) or elder brother's portion of meat have been attributed to the Khaute/Khaupi elders . Mentions were also made by many other researchers of which mention be made by the ''Lotjem'' clan of the Thadou speaking tribe describing the ''Neihsial Pa'' (pa stand as father/man) as "Sakhaupi Kuohpa" which means a man with a big pouch. Through the local traditions and oral traditions it was known that the cruelties and hardships their ancestor suffered in the Kale-Chindwin valley at the hands of the ''Kawls'' (Burmans) were so severe that it led to the first wave of migration straight into the Arakans in about the year A.D. 1000. The second wave moved over to the Chin hills during A.D. 1200–1400 taking shelter in whatever shelter was available—tick woods, crests of rocks and even caves, and they referred to one such big cave where they took shelter known as {{Transliteration|mis|khuul}}.''<ref>Neihsial, Tualchin, “The Origin and Early History of the Zoumis from Kawlzang Settlement to Occupation of
Chin Hills”, p. 5</ref>''{{Full citation needed|date=July 2023}}

The Neihsial tribe is a composition of "''bawngthum"'' meaning three groups of clans namely The Nunthuk clans, The Tungling Clans and the Haulai clans. The Nunthuk group consist of the Nunthuk clans, Thaanhing clans, Thukneel clans, Thaanvuum clans, Thuklai clans and Chiljaang clans. The Tungling group consist of the Tungling clan, Singtou clan, Singbul clan, Singlul clan, Daalvung clan, Santou clan, Timtong clan, Tuolkhen clan, Dolbak clan, Banlawng clan, Aikhoh clan, Khuptong clans - Kipging clan, Ngaithuom clan, Bawngmei clan, Lamthang clan, Sumai clan and Bianpi clan. The Haulai group consist of Haulai clans- Kimdeih clan, Chonmang clan, Ngalkip clan, Lengen clan and Thahgen clan with two more undiscovered clans from Haulai sept.

The Neihsial people wander among the other tribes (Thadou, Paite, Vaiphei, Gangte, Hmar, Mizo, Zou etc.) after the destruction of the Sialgam (''Sialthah-tuithang gam''), consisting of the two capitals Sialthah Kulhpi and Tuithang Kulhpi. The region under the Sialthah Kulhpi was called Sialthahgam and the region under Tuithang Kulhpi was called Tuithanggam. The Neihsial people speak a unique language called ''Neihsial Pau''. Neihsial people living in and around Churachandpur District and Tamenglong District of Manipur still use ''Neihsial Pau''.

==Religion==
The traditional religion of the Neihsial ( ''i.e VOKPI DAWI'' ) is a combination of [[Veneration of the dead|ancestor worship]] and [[animism]]. The Neihsial believed in the existence of a supreme deity whom they called “Pathian”. Besides Pathian, the Neihsial revered and feared a number of supernatural beings. Sacrifices of [[fowl]]s, [[pig]]s, [[dog]]s and [[goat]]s were made to appease the [[deity|deities]]. The important traditional festivals of the Neihsial include Sa-ai, Gallu-ai and Lawmzu nek. Above all the Neihsial tribe practice "VOKPI DAWI LAAM" Which is the supreme of all their traditional religious dance.<ref name="auto">Neihsial, Tualchin: ''History and Culture of the Zomi'', 1993</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=July 2023}} The most important and unique festival of the Neihsial tribe was "SIAL-KUT". This very ''SIAL-KUT'' is unique and is famous for its role in the socio-religious life of the people. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries,<ref>[[Stephen Fuchs|Fuchs Stephen]]: ''The Aboriginal tribes of India'', 1982, pp. 10–25</ref> foreign missionaries, mostly from the [[Western world]], converted many Neihsials to [[Christianity]].<ref>Lewis G.R: ''The Story of Lushai Pioneer Mission'', 1907, pp. 11–77</ref> They began to abandoned the traditional believes and faiths and discarded all kinds of traditional religions and worships.

By the 20th century, the Neihsial Christian Association (NCA) was formed on May 11, 1989, at Neihsial Veng, Lamka, Churachandpur, Manipur. At its young stage, they were under the Manipur Christian Organization. After some years they formed alignment with the Wesleyan Methodist Church for about seven years. After parting from Methodist Church they reorganize NCA and function independently till these day. The denominational headquarters of NCA is at Neihsial Veng itself. They believe in trinity: the father, the son and the Holy Spirit. The NCA is headed by one executive secretary, who is assisted by clerk and {{Transliteration|mis|choukider}}. There is an executive committee to deal with any important matters concerning with the institution.<ref>Neihsial, Mung, Op. Cit., p. 6</ref><ref>Tinneinieng, “A Brief Ethnographic Study of the Neihsials”, 2004, p. 44</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=July 2023}}

==Moral values of the Neihsial==
The Neihsial [[society]] is [[patriarchy|patriarchal]]. It is [[patrilineality|patrilineal]] and [[Patrilocal residence|patrilocal]] with a focus on the [[extended family]]. In the Neihsial society, it is a traditional practice that husband and wife never use each other's proper names as a sign of respect. Children also never use their parents' names. The parents are addressed as "Pa" (father) and "Nu" (Mother). The father and mother of another family are addressed by elders in the name of their eldest child, preceded by "Pa" or "Nu".<ref name="auto"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Ethnic groups in Myanmar]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]

Shyamala (film)

2026-03-04T05:02:43Z

Robertoson: Adding a entry!

{{No plot|date=October 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Shyamala
| image = Shyamala film poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[B. A. Subba Rao]]
| writer = (Dialogues) Udayakumar
| screenplay = B. A. Subba Rao
| story = Tapi Dharma Rao Naidu
| producer = P. S. Seshachalam
| starring = [[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]] [[S. Varalakshmi]] [[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]]
| cinematography = C. Nageswara Rao V. Rajagopal
| editing = V. S. Narayanan
| music = [[G. Ramanathan]] T. V. Rajee S. B. Dinakar Rao
| studio = Yuva Pictures
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1952|11|29|ref1=}}
| runtime = 177 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Shyamala''''' is a 1952 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by [[B. A. Subba Rao]]. The film stars [[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]] and [[S. Varalakshmi]]. It was released on 29 November 1952.<ref name="anandan">{{Cite web |title=1952 – சியாமளா – யுவ பிக்சர்ஸ் – டிங்குரங்கா (தெ) |trans-title=1952 – Shyamala – Yuva Pictures – Tinguranga (te) |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1952-cinedetails13.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121152605/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1952-cinedetails13.asp |archive-date=21 November 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil |access-date=27 May 2017 }}</ref>

== Cast ==
The cast adapted from the database of [[Film News Anandan]]<ref name="anandan" /> and from the film credits.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Syamala |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Yuva Pictures |year=1952 |time=0:00 to 0:55 |time-caption=Opening credits, from}}</ref>
{{Col-begin|width=50%}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Male
*[[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]
*[[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]]
*Stunt Somu
*Nandaram
*Vallinayagam
*M. A. Ganapathi Bhat
*K. Ramamoorthi
*B. Seetharam
*[[Puvvula Suri Babu|P. Suribabu]]
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Female
*[[S. Varalakshmi]]
*T. Thilakam
*T. Kanakam
*S. Ashalatha
*C. N. Padma
*P. S. Lakshmi
*Kantha S. Lal
*A. Veenavathi
*[[Sachu|Baby Saraswathi]]
{{col-end}}

== Production ==
The film was simultaneously produced in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] with the title ''Tingu Ranga''.<ref name="anandan" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |pages=645 |orig-date=1994}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[G. Ramanathan]], [[T. V. Raju]] and S. B. Dinakar Rao.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam — Part 1 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |year=2014 |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=36 |language=Tamil}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="— collapse:collapse; font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer/s !! Lyricist !! Length
|-
| "Thaaye Sankari" || Sarojini & S. Varalakshmi || C. S. Natarajasundaram Music: G. Ramanathan || 03:29
|-
| "Kavi Ezhuthaanikku" || rowspan=6|M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar || || 03:07
|-
| "Anandamaana Naadham" || || 02:59
|-
| "Rajan, Maharajan, Thiruvettiyur" || || 05:52
|-
| "Shyamala, Shyamala En Jeevapriye" || || 03:06
|-
| "Aaranange Nijam Nee Ariyaai" || [[Kambadasan]]|| 03:22
|-
| "Kannukkor Virundhaagi" || ||
|-
| "Amba, Aadhi Sakthi Jegadhamba" || M. L. Vasanthakumari || || 06:56
|-
| "Inbam Kanden Indre" || M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar & S. Varalakshmi || Kambadasan ||
|-
| "Pudhu Vaazhvu Kanden Naan Poovil" || rowspan=2|S. Varalakshmi || ||
|-
| "Aha, Ahaa Naan Bhaagyasaali" || ||
|-
| "Indha Kaala Krishnanena" || Thiruchi Loganathan & Jikki || Kambadasan || 03:17
|-
| "Undaddaa Moodaa Anndavan" || P. Suri Babu || || 02:30
|-
| "Takku Takku Tikku Tikku" || || || 02:48
|-
| "Thaam Thithaam" || Relangi || || 01:24
|-
| "Raamaa Eno Inge" || Relangi || || 03:35
|}

== Reception ==
The film did not fare well at the box office.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Renganathan L. |date=3 November 2003 |title=A golden voice forever |url=http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2003/11/03/stories/2003110308310200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170527123158/http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2003/11/03/stories/2003110308310200.htm |archive-date=27 May 2017 |access-date=27 May 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1952 Indian films]]
[[Category:1952 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1952 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by B. A. Subba Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. Ramanathan]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. B. Dinakar Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by T. V. Raju]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

George Reddy (film)

2026-03-03T21:48:49Z

Robertoson: Improved wording and formatting

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}
{{short description|2019 Indian Telugu-language biographical film by Jeevan Reddy}}
{{Infobox film
| name = George Reddy
| image = George Reddy film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[B. Jeevan Reddy]]
| producer = Appi Reddy
| writer =
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Sandeep Madhav]]
*Muskaan Khubchandani
*Abhay Bethiganti
}}
| based_on = [[Personal life|Life]] of [[George Reddy]]
| music = '''Soundtrack:''' Suresh Bobbili '''Score:''' Harshavardhan Rameshwar
| cinematography = [[Sudhakar Reddy Yakkanti]]
| editing = J. Prathap Kumar<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2019 |title=George Reddy gets U/A certificate from CFBC; runtime revealed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/george-reddy-gets-u/a-certificate-from-cbfc-runtime-revealed/articleshow/72141012.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408072950/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/george-reddy-gets-u/a-certificate-from-cbfc-runtime-revealed/articleshow/72141012.cms |archive-date=8 April 2020 |access-date=26 September 2022 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
| studio = Silly Monks Studios Mic Movies Three Line Cinemas
| distributor = [[Abhishek Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2019|11|22}}
| runtime = 153 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''George Reddy''''' is a 2019 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[biographical film|biographical]] [[action film]] directed by [[B. Jeevan Reddy]] starring [[Sandeep Madhav]], and debutante Muskaan Khubchandani. It is based on the life of the student leader of the [[George Reddy|same name]].<ref name="C">{{Cite web |title=Sandeep Reddy Vanga in awe of George Reddy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sandeep-reddy-vanga-in-awe-of-george-reddy/articleshow/72108773.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329055130/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sandeep-reddy-vanga-in-awe-of-george-reddy/articleshow/72108773.cms |archive-date=29 March 2020 |access-date=8 June 2020 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="M" />

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Sandeep Madhav]] as [[George Reddy]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2019 |title=George Reddy trailer: Sandeep Madhav starrer looks realistic and hard-hitting |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/george-reddy-trailer-sandeep-madhav-6059091/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031132856/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/george-reddy-trailer-sandeep-madhav-6059091/ |archive-date=31 October 2019 |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pecheti |first=Prakash |title='George Reddy' comes alive on Telugu silver screen |url=https://telanganatoday.com/george-reddy-comes-alive-on-telugu-silver-screen |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608161525/https://telanganatoday.com/george-reddy-comes-alive-on-telugu-silver-screen |archive-date=8 June 2020 |access-date=8 June 2020 |website=Telangana Today}}</ref>
**[[Shrinivas Pokale]] as young George Reddy<ref name="H" />
*Muskaan Khubchandani as Maya / Muskaan (Dual role)<ref name="M">{{Cite web |date=10 December 2019 |title='George Reddy' actress Muskaan Khubchandani bags a crucial role in Akshay Kumar's 'Laxmmi Bomb' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/george-reddy-actress-muskaan-khubchandani-bags-a-crucial-role-in-akshay-kumars-laxmmi-bomb/photostory/72455907.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617195538/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/george-reddy-actress-muskaan-khubchandani-bags-a-crucial-role-in-akshay-kumars-laxmmi-bomb/photostory/72455907.cms |archive-date=17 June 2020 |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
*Abhay Bethiganti as Rajanna<ref name="H">{{Cite web |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=22 November 2019 |title='George Reddy' movie review: The biopic falls short of being compelling |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/george-reddy-the-biopic-falls-short-of-being-compelling/article30049951.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606034713/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/george-reddy-the-biopic-falls-short-of-being-compelling/article30049951.ece |archive-date=6 June 2020 |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=The Hindu}}</ref>
*[[Satyadev (actor)|Satyadev]] as Satya<ref name="ta">{{Cite web |last=Pecheti |first=Prakash |title=George Reddy: The cinematic resurrection of a revolutionary |url=https://telanganatoday.com/george-reddy-the-cinematic-resurrection-of-a-revolutionary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606015233/https://telanganatoday.com/george-reddy-the-cinematic-resurrection-of-a-revolutionary |archive-date=6 June 2020 |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=Telangana Today}}</ref>
*[[Shatru (actor)|Shatru]] as Kishan Singh<ref name="ta" />
*[[Thiruveer]] as Lallan Singh<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chowdhary |first=Y. Sunita |date=2 December 2019 |title=Thiruveer is the new villain on the block after 'George Reddy' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/thiruveer-george-reddy/article30137585.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202160832/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/thiruveer-george-reddy/article30137585.ece |archive-date=2 December 2019 |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=The Hindu}}</ref>
*[[Manoj Nandam]] as Arjun<ref name="H" />
*[[Chaitanya Krishna]] as Kaushik<ref name="H" />
*[[Devika Daftardar]] as Leela Varghesin, Reddy's mother<ref name="T">{{Cite web |title=George Reddy Movie Review: An intriguing account of the revolutionary leader, George Reddy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/george-reddy/movie-review/72179280.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328232736/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/george-reddy/movie-review/72179280.cms |archive-date=28 March 2020 |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
*Yadhamma Raju as Ram Nayak<ref name="ta" />
*Jagan Yogiraj as Jagan<ref name="ta" />
*Bunny Abiran as Manipal Reddy<ref>{{Cite web |title=From an award-winning short film to 'George Reddy' biopic, actor Bunny Abiran opens up on his journey |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/from-an-award-winning-short-film-to-george-reddy-biopic-actor-bunny-abiran-opens-up-on-his-journey/articleshow/72956484.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926083756/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/from-an-award-winning-short-film-to-george-reddy-biopic-actor-bunny-abiran-opens-up-on-his-journey/articleshow/72956484.cms |archive-date=26 September 2022 |access-date=11 June 2020 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
*Pawon Ramesh as Dastagiri<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2020 |title="I'm thankful to people who support me, uplift me, comfort me and bring joy to my career," says actor Pawon Ramesh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/im-thankful-to-people-who-support-me-uplift-me-comfort-me-and-bring-joy-to-my-career-says-actor-pawon-ramesh/photostory/76247263.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619120158/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/im-thankful-to-people-who-support-me-uplift-me-comfort-me-and-bring-joy-to-my-career-says-actor-pawon-ramesh/photostory/76247263.cms |archive-date=19 June 2020 |access-date=8 June 2020 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
*[[Vinay Varma]] as Minister Ramayya<ref>{{Cite web |title=George Reddy will inspire generations: Chiranjeevi |url=https://telanganatoday.com/george-reddy-will-inspire-generations-chiranjeevi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607001110/https://telanganatoday.com/george-reddy-will-inspire-generations-chiranjeevi |archive-date=7 June 2020 |access-date=7 June 2020 |website=Telangana Today}}</ref>
*Laxman Meesala as Laxman<ref>{{Cite web |title=I will be seen alongside Mohan Bhagat in the film Kankam: Laxman Meesala |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/i-will-be-seen-alongside-mohan-bhagat-in-the-film-kankam-laxman-meesala/articleshow/75253408.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422165716/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/i-will-be-seen-alongside-mohan-bhagat-in-the-film-kankam-laxman-meesala/articleshow/75253408.cms |archive-date=22 April 2020 |access-date=8 June 2020 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
*Sanjay Reddy as Shankar<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=P Nagendra |title=George Reddy will connect to the public, say filmmakers |url=https://telanganatoday.com/george-reddy-will-connect-to-the-public-say-filmmakers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607000539/https://telanganatoday.com/george-reddy-will-connect-to-the-public-say-filmmakers |archive-date=7 June 2020 |access-date=7 June 2020 |website=Telangana Today}}</ref>
* Kautilya as Police Officer
*[[Jagadeesh Prathap Bandhari]] as Bheem Naik
*[[Sonia Akula]] as George Reddy's Sister
{{Colend}}

== Production ==
To prepare for the film, director [[B. Jeevan Reddy|Jeevan Reddy]] read the biopic of [[George Reddy]]. [[Sandeep Madhav]] was signed to enact the lead role after the director noticed that Madhav resembled George Reddy.<ref name="Z" /> Madhav lost weight to play George Reddy in his early twenties and worked out since George Reddy was also a boxer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I always wanted to play the student leader from OU: Sandeep Madhav |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/i-always-wanted-to-play-the-student-leader-from-ou-sandeep-madhav/articleshow/72111748.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110222759/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/i-always-wanted-to-play-the-student-leader-from-ou-sandeep-madhav/articleshow/72111748.cms |archive-date=10 January 2020 |access-date=8 June 2020 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> A set was erected near by art director Gandhi Nadikudikar near [[Gachibowli]] that resembled [[Osmania University]]. Five-hundred to seven-hundred junior artists portrayed the roles of students in the film.<ref name="Z">{{Cite web |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=28 October 2019 |title=George Reddy: Story of a rebel |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/through-the-george-reddy-biopic-director-jeevan-reddy-hopes-to-highlight-the-relevance-of-the-student-leaders-ideals/article29813502.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612112632/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/through-the-george-reddy-biopic-director-jeevan-reddy-hopes-to-highlight-the-relevance-of-the-student-leaders-ideals/article29813502.ece |archive-date=12 June 2021 |access-date=8 June 2020 |website=The Hindu}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The songs and background score were composed by Suresh Bobbili and Harshavardhan Rameshwar, respectively.<ref name="C" /> The song "Adugadugu Maa Prathi Adugu" was launched by [[Chiranjeevi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2019 |title=George Reddy is a man of action: Chiranjeevi |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/201119/george-reddy-is-a-man-of-action-chiranjeevi.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608161757/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/201119/george-reddy-is-a-man-of-action-chiranjeevi.html |archive-date=8 June 2020 |access-date=8 June 2020 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title_width =
| writing_width =
| music_width =
| lyrics_width =
| extra_width =
| title1 = Vijayam
| lyrics1 = Chaithanya Prasad
| extra1 = [[Anurag Kulkarni]]
| length1 = 3:39
| title2 = Bullet
| lyrics2 = Mittapally Surendar
| extra2 = [[Mangli]]
| length2 = 3:27
| title3 = Adugu Adugu
| lyrics3 = MEGH-uh-WATT
| extra3 = [[L. V. Revanth|Revanth]], MEGH-uh-WATT (rap portions)
| length3 = 4:33
| title4 = Nalage Anni
| lyrics4 = Charan Arjun
| extra4 = Charan Arjun
| length4 = 4:56
| title5 = Jaji Mogulali
| lyrics5 = Vishwas
| extra5 = Indravati
| length5 = 3:12
| total_length = 19:47
}}

== Reception ==
''The Hindu'' wrote that "It [the film] had the scope to be powerful and spark conversations about the history of student leaders and their ideologies, among a newer audience. This film doesn’t rise up to that potential".<ref name="H" /> On the contrary, ''The Times of India'' gave the film a rating of three-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "The film will keep you gripped, move you with its dialogues and leave an emotional, powerful impact".<ref name="T" /> ''Telangana Today'' wrote that "His [Madhav's] top-notch acting and the razor-blade fight sequences will remain the highlights of the film".<ref name="ta" /> ''The Deccan Chronicle'' wrote that "While interesting in parts, as a whole, the makers rely more on the name of the slain student leader rather than the content of his life".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=24 November 2019 |title=George Reddy movie review: A missed opportunity |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/241119/george-reddy-movie-review-a-missed-opportunity.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608164032/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/241119/george-reddy-movie-review-a-missed-opportunity.html |archive-date=8 June 2020 |access-date=8 June 2020 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> ''The Indian Express'' gave the film a rating of three out of five stars and wrote, "Director B Jeevan Reddy’s film, which is set nearly 50 years ago, feels just as relevant today".<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title=George Reddy movie review: A timely film about student activism |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/george-reddy-movie-review-6132141/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127184056/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/george-reddy-movie-review-6132141/ |archive-date=27 November 2019 |access-date=11 June 2020}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Nominee
! Outcome
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| 2019 || [[Lake City International Film Festival]] || Special Appreciation Award || ''George Reddy'' || {{won}} ||style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=George Reddy receives Special Appreciation Award at Lake City International Film Festival |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/george-reddy-receives-special-appreciation-award-at-lake-city-international-film-festival/articleshow/72967439.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418173949/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/george-reddy-receives-special-appreciation-award-at-lake-city-international-film-festival/articleshow/72967439.cms |archive-date=18 April 2022 |access-date=11 June 2020 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| [[Zee Cine Awards Telugu]]
| Best Villain
| [[Thiruveer]]
| {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2020 |title=Zee Cine awards Telugu 2020: Samantha Akkineni, Chiranjeevi and Nani win top laurels |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/zee-cine-awards-telugu-2020-samantha-akkineni-chiranjeevi-and-nani-win-top-laurels/story-IIb1IjGUKhrdscXkxVOI2I.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114140133/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/zee-cine-awards-telugu-2020-samantha-akkineni-chiranjeevi-and-nani-win-top-laurels/story-IIb1IjGUKhrdscXkxVOI2I.html |archive-date=14 January 2020 |access-date=8 June 2020 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|11189056}}

[[Category:2010s biographical films]]
[[Category:2010s political thriller films]]
[[Category:2019 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Biographical action films]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1960s]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:Indian political thriller films]]
[[Category:Journalism adapted into films]]
[[Category:Student politics in India]]
[[Category:Films about Naxalism]]

Jhossh

2026-03-03T21:42:47Z

Robertoson: Stub

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Jhossh.jpg
| caption = VCD cover
| director = Shivamani
| writer = Shivamani B. A. Madhu (dialogue)
| based_on =
| producer = S. Sanjay Babu
| starring = [[Rakesh Adiga]] [[Shamna Kasim|Poorna]] [[Nithya Menen|Nithya]]
| music = Vardhan
| cinematography = Santhosh Rai Pathaje
| editing = K. M. Prakash
| studio = SVP Pictures
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2009|4|10}}
| runtime = 165 minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
}}

'''''Josh''''' is a [[Kannada films of 2009|2009]] Indian [[Kannada-language]] [[romance film]] directed and written by Shivamani. Produced by Sanjay Babu under SVP pictures, the film mainly stars debutant [[Rakesh Adiga]], [[Shamna Kasim]] and [[Nithya Menen|Nithya]], whilst Akshay, Vishnu Prasanna, [[Dwarakish]], [[Achyuth Kumar]], [[Tulasi Shivamani]] and [[Sihi Kahi Chandru]] feature in supporting roles. The music is composed by Vardhan, making his debut.

The film was released on 10 April 2009 across Karnataka and went on to become one of the highest grossers at the box-collection for the year. The film had a run over a hundred days at cinema halls.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} The film was remade in Telugu and Tamil as ''[[Keratam]]'' and ''Yuvan'', respectively.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Big-debut-for-Prabhass-cousin/articleshow/8460863.cms|title=Big debut for Prabhas's cousin|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=20 May 2011|access-date=3 October 2023|archive-date=11 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111050047/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Big-debut-for-Prabhass-cousin/articleshow/8460863.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Rakesh "Rocky" is the son of an honest government employee, who has seven friends and lives a happy life. Rocky and his friends complete their [[Pre-university course|PUC]] and join the college. As they grew up, Siddhu develops feelings towards Meena. Rocky clashes with a senior student called "Robo" due to Robo teasing and harassing Meena. During a fight with Robo, Meena and Rocky's parents learn about their feelings.

The friends warn Rocky to forget his love and concentrate on career, but Rocky ignores it. They desert him and Meena also listens to her parents and decides to concentrate on studies and becomes a doctor. At this juncture, Rocky's father retires and agrees to shed the money as bribe to get a government job to Rocky. However, Rocky fails to turn up to the interview and loses the job. Rocky harshly behaves with his father, which leads Rocky to be thrown out of the house.

Rocky falls in love with Meera and proposes to her, but Meera rejects him, and Rocky realizes his mistake for abandoning his career as his love is infatuation. Rocky learns that his friends have become best achievers and are invited to their college function. Rocky arrives at the stage and tells the speech about not to become like him and also promises his parents that he will take care of them. The friends reconcile with Rocky and encourage him to achieve something in life.

== Cast ==
{{Colbegin}}
* [[Rakesh Adiga]] as Rakesh a.k.a. Rocky
* [[Shamna Kasim|Poorna]] as Meena
* [[Nithya Menen|Nithya]] as Meera
* Vishnu Prasanna as Vishnu
* Akshay as Akshay
* [[Alok R. Babu|Alok Babu]] as Alok
* Amith as Rocky's friend
* Robo Ganesh as Robo
* [[Sharan (actor)|Sharan]] as PT teacher
* [[Sihi Kahi Chandru]] as College principal
* [[Tulasi Shivamani]] as Sharadamma
* [[Achyuth Kumar]] as Rakesh's father
* [[Srinivas Prabhu]] as Meena's father
* Shivaji Rao Jadhav as Barber
*[[Sudha Belawadi]] as Meena's mother
*[[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]] as Meera's father
*Chidanand as Social Studies lecturer
*[[Karibasavaiah]] as Akshay's father
*[[Tabla Nani]] as Nani
* Jaganath Chandrashekhar as Rocky's friend
{{Colend}}

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Jhossh
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Vardhan
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 22 March 2009
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| producer = Vardhan
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

All the songs are composed by Vardhan. The song "Jothe Jotheyali" was reused from ''[[Geetha (1981 film)|Geetha]]'' (1981).<ref name="B">{{Cite web|url=https://milliblog.com/2009/03/30/music-review-jhossh-kannada-vardhan/|title=Music review: Jhossh (Kannada – Vardhan)|author=Karthik|author-link=Karthik Srinivasan|work=[[Milliblog!]]|date=3 April 2009|access-date=20 October 2024}}</ref> [[Karthik Srinivasan]] of ''[[Milliblog!]]'' wrote that "''Jhossh'' isn't one of the better soundtracks in Kannada this year - far from it. But, there is a fairly new sound - a la Telugu - that composer Vardhan ushers with the songs that is refreshing".<ref name="B"/>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Hey Maga
| extra1 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]]
| lyrics1 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Thanthane Thananthane
| extra2 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| lyrics2 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| length2 = 4:54
| title3 = Jothe Jotheyali
| extra3 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]], [[Anuradha Bhat]], Harsha
| lyrics3 = Kaviraj
| length3 =
| title4 = Namaskara Sir
| extra4 = Anoop, Harsha, [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
| lyrics4 = Kaviraj
| length4 =
| title5 = Shakalaka Rock N Roll
| extra5 = Vardhan, Bhargavi Pillai
| lyrics5 = Kaviraj
| length5 =
| title6 = Yeh Mera Bharat Mahan
| extra6 = Vardhan, Harsha, [[Chaitra H. G.]], Anuradha Bhat
| lyrics6 = Kaviraj
| length6 =
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' opined that "Student and parents should watch this film without fail".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/josh-review-kannada-pclxbwhaacddg.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210205821/https://www.sify.com/movies/josh-review-kannada-pclxbwhaacddg.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 December 2021|title=Josh|work=[[Sify]]|date=13 April 2009}}</ref> [[R. G. Vijayasarathy]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote that "''Jhossh'' is a technically brilliant film with absolutely top class performances and good narration. This is film that needs to be encouraged".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2009/apr/10/review-jhossh-is-brilliant.htm|title=''Jhossh'' is brilliant|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=10 April 2009|first=R. G.|last=Vijayasarathy|author-link=R. G. Vijayasarathy|access-date=31 July 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120316/http://movies.rediff.com/report/2009/apr/10/review-jhossh-is-brilliant.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "It is a must-see for teenagers, with the director excellently combining ragging, drag-racing, fighting, love, hatred, sentiment and family problems with a lively message".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/josh/movie-review/4384074.cms|title=JOSH MOVIE REVIEW|date=10 April 2009|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=3 October 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416040353/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/josh/movie-review/4384074.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote that "It is to Shivamani's credit that his choice of actors and ability to extract work has succeeded. ''Jhossh'' is a film parents would want to take their children along".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/jhossh-best-of-the-class/articleshow/22174442.cms |title=Jhossh: Best of the class|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=9 April 2009|access-date=20 October 2024}}</ref> Vijayasarathy writing for ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' wrote that "''Jhossh'' is certainly one of the best original films released in recent days. It is certainly a benchmark for youth oriented films in Kannada. The film has all the elements to attract a large audience".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/5668/kannada/jhossh/2102/review.htm|title=Jhossh Kannada Movie|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|date=10 April 2009|first=R. G.|last=Vijayasarathy|author-link=R. G. Vijayasarathy|access-date=20 October 2024|via=Nowrunning}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%"
|+ List of awards and nominations
|-
! scope="col" style="width:8%" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:27%" |Award
! scope="col" style="width:17%" |Category
! scope="col" style="width:23%" |Recipient / Nominee
! scope="col" style="width:23%" |Result
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2008–09||[[2008–09 Karnataka State Film Awards|Karnataka State Film Awards]]||[[Karnataka State Film Award for Second Best Film|Second Best Film]] ||S. Sanjay Babu|| {{won}} || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/117899/yogesh-radhika-actors.html|title=Yogesh, Radhika best actors|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=4 December 2010|access-date=3 October 2023|archive-date=30 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930180641/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/117899/yogesh-radhika-actors.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="7"|2009 || rowspan="7"|[[57th Filmfare Awards South]] ||[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor - Kannada|Best Supporting Actor]] || [[Achyuth Kumar]] || rowspan="2" {{won}} || rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |{{Citation needed |date=April 2024}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress - Kannada|Best Supporting Actress]]||[[Tulasi Shivamani]]
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Film - Kannada|Best Film]] || ''Jhossh'' || rowspan="5" {{nom}} || rowspan="5" style="text-align: center;" |{{Citation needed |date=April 2024}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Director - Kannada|Best Director]] || Shivamani
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor - Kannada|Best Supporting Actor]] || [[Sharan (actor)|Sharan]]
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress - Kannada|Best Supporting Actress]] || [[Nithya Menen]]
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist - Kannada|Best Lyricist]] || [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
|-
| rowspan="3"|2010 || rowspan="3"|[[Suvarna Film Awards]] || Best Director || Shivamani || rowspan="3" {{Won}} || rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" |{{Citation needed |date=April 2024}}
|-
| Best Film || ''Josh''
|-
| Best Debut Actor || [[Rakesh Adiga]]
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|12958872}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Josh}}
[[Category:2009 films]]
[[Category:2009 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romance films]]
[[Category:2009 romance films]]
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age films]]
[[Category:Kannada films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:2000s coming-of-age films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vardhan]]

Dasvidaniya

2026-03-03T11:55:04Z

Robertoson: minor update

{{Short description|2008 Hindi film by Shashant Shah}}

{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dasvidaniya
| image = Dasvidaniya.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Shashant Shah]]
| producer = [[Guneet Monga]] Vinay Pathak Azam Khan
| writer = Arshad Syed
| starring = [[Vinay Pathak]] [[Sarita Joshi]] [[Neha Dhupia]] [[Rajat Kapoor]] [[Brijendra Kala]]
| music = [[Kailash Kher]]
| cinematography = Arun Varma
| studio = [[Sikhya Entertainment]] One More Thought Entertainment Lemontea Productions YT Entertainment
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2008|11|07}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross = {{INR}} 1.87 [[crore]]
}}
'''''Dasvidaniya''''' is a 2008 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[comedy drama]] film directed by [[Shashant Shah]] and written by [[Arshad Syed]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2008 |title=Dasvidaniya: A bittersweet slice of middle-class life |url=http://blogs.reuters.com/indiamasala/2008/11/15/dasvidaniya-a-bittersweet-slice-of-middle-class-life/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218095617/http://blogs.reuters.com/indiamasala/2008/11/15/dasvidaniya-a-bittersweet-slice-of-middle-class-life/ |archive-date=18 December 2008 |access-date=2018-07-06 |website=Reuters}}</ref> The film stars [[Vinay Pathak]] alongside [[Neha Dhupia]], [[Rajat Kapoor]], and [[Sarita Joshi]]. It was released on 7 November 2008.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 May 2008 |title=Vinay's madcap adventure |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Vinays-madcap-adventure/articleshow/3011805.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023043535/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-05-06/news-interviews/27741364_1_vinay-pathak-dasvidaniya-rajat-kapoor |archive-date=23 October 2012 |access-date=2008-10-27 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=27 October 2008 |title=Not so Funny |url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/not-so-funny/378376/ |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920174409/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/not-so-funny/378376/ |archivedate=20 September 2012 |accessdate=2008-10-27 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Inspired by the Hollywood film ''[[The Bucket List]]'' (2007), it follows a man who creates a list of ten things to do before his death. The title is a pun on this concept and is derived from the Russian phrase "[[:wikt:до свидания|до свидания]]" (''do svidaniya''), meaning "goodbye."<ref>{{Cite web |title=How DASVIDANIYA was named! |url=http://www.glamsham.com/movies/scoops/08/nov/12-how-dasvidaniya-was-named-110803.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503231100/http://www.glamsham.com/movies/scoops/08/nov/12-how-dasvidaniya-was-named-110803.asp |archive-date=3 May 2015 |accessdate=2007-11-29 |publisher=glamsham.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=etu Who wants to be the one & only superstar |date=15 February 2009 |title=[comment in] Topic: Dasvidaniya (*ring Vinay Pathak, Neha Dhupia, Ranvir Shorey, Rajat Kapoor) |url=http://www.bollywhat-forum.com/index.php?topic=24472.msg360879#msg360879 |accessdate=22 February 2014 |work=BollyWHAT?com: The Guide for Clueless Fans of Hindi Films |publisher=bollywhat.com |quote=it's called Dasvidanya because... he has an affair with a Russian prostitute who cares for him at a dark hour, and since she doesn't speak English or Hindi, this is how he tells her goodbye for the last time.Concept of this film was taken from a Hollywood movie The bucket list.}}</ref> The film was released on 7 November 2008.

== Synopsis ==
Amar Kaul ([[Vinay Pathak]]) is a 37-year-old accounts manager at Suraj Pharmaceuticals in [[Mumbai]]. He is single and lives with his mother ([[Sarita Joshi]]). He lives a nondescript life with people oblivious to his existence. One day his doctor tells him that he will die within three months due to [[stomach cancer]]. Realising that his time is limited, Amar makes a list of ten things he wants to do in his life and sets out to do them. They are:

# Buy a red car.
# Tour abroad.
# Play guitar.
# Confess his unrequited love for his childhood crush, Neha.
# Stand up to his boss.
# Visit his old friend Rajiv Jhulka.
# Experience romance.
# Reveal his condition to his mother.
# Have his photo published in the newspaper.
# Mend his relationship with his younger brother.

He finds the true joys of life in a few months, which were hidden all his life. After three months, at the time of his death, he leaves something for all his loved ones, leaving them happy and thankful to him.

==Cast==
* [[Vinay Pathak]] as Amar Kaul
* [[Neha Dhupia]] as Neha Bhanot
* [[Gaurav Gera]] as Vivek Kaul
* [[Rajat Kapoor]] as Rajiv Jhulka
* [[Sarita Joshi]] as Amar's mother
* [[Saurabh Shukla]] as Dasgupta, Amar's boss
* [[Suchitra Pillai]] as Suchi R. Jhulka
* [[Ranvir Shorey]] as Jagtap
* [[Suresh Menon]] as self
* Joy Fernandes as Savio
* [[Purbi Joshi]] as Garima
* Manoylo Svitlana as Tatanya
* [[Brijendra Kala]] as Shira

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album|
| name = Dasvidaniya
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Kailasa (band)|Kailasa]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2008
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[Sony Music India|Sony Music]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Jhoomo Re]]
| prev_year = 2007
| next_title = [[Chandni Chowk to China]]
| next_year = 2008
}}

The music for all the songs<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/dasvidaniya.htm | title=Dasvidaniya : Lyrics and video of Songs from the Movie Dasvidaniya (2008) }}</ref> were composed by [[Kailash Kher]].

{| class=wikitable
! #
! Title
! Singer(s)
! Lyricist
! Duration
|-
|1
|"O Maa Meri Maa Pyaari Maa – Mammaa"
|[[Kailash Kher]]
|Kailash Kher
|04:30
|-
|2
|"Sare Sehar Ki Jagmag Ke Bitar Hai Andhera – Alvida"
|Kailash Kher
|Kailash Kher
|05:03
|-
|3
|"Muskura Mere Dil"
|[[Sonu Nigam]]
|Kailash Kher, [[Naresh Kamath]], [[Paresh Kamath]] – ''The [[Kailasa (band)|Kailasa Band]]''
|03:40
|-
|4
|"Muskura Mere Dil (Inst)"
|Instrumental
|Kailash Kher, Naresh Kamath, Paresh Kamath – ''The Kailasa Band''
|03:15
|-
|5
|"Sare Sehar Ki Jagmag Ke Bitar Hai Andhera – Alvida (Remix)"
|Kailash Kher
|Kailash Kher, Naresh Kamath, Paresh Kamath – ''The Kailasa Band''
|04:20
|}

== Release ==

=== Box office ===
''Dasvidaniya'' collected {{INRConvert|1.87|c}} in its lifetime run.<ref name="BO2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.glamsham.com/movies/scoops/08/nov/26-bollywood-box-office-report-of-the-week-110805.asp |title=Bollywood box-office report of the week |publisher=Glamsham |accessdate=2007-11-29 |archive-date=27 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427004522/http://www.glamsham.com/movies/scoops/08/nov/26-bollywood-box-office-report-of-the-week-110805.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="BOI">{{Cite web| url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=218&catName=MjAwOA==| title=All India 2008 (Figures in INR Crore) Bollywood| publisher=Box Office India| accessdate=2012-08-06| url-status=dead| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826104302/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=218&catName=MjAwOA%3D%3D| archivedate=26 August 2012}}</ref>

=== Critical reception ===
Gaurav Malani of Indiatimes Movies gave the film 3 stars, praising the cast, dialogue and scripting and recommended that the movie "should top the list of your 10 most important things to do this weekend."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Dasvidaniya_Movie_Review/articleshow/3714301.cms|title=Dasvidaniya: movie review | work=The Economic Times| accessdate=2008-11-29|date=14 November 2008}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|1288638|Dasvidaniya}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|dasvidaniya}}

[[Category:2008 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2008 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2008 films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Kailash Kher]]
[[Category:Hindi-language comedy-drama films]]

Veeranjaneyulu Viharayatra

2026-03-03T09:12:13Z

Robertoson: Adding new data

{{Short description|2024 Indian Telugu-language film by Anurag Palutla}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Veeranjaneyulu Viharayatra.jpg
| caption = Release poster
| director = Anurag Palutla
| writer = Anurag Palutla
| producer = {{plain list|
* Bapineedu B
* Sudheer Edara
}}
| starring = {{plain list|
* [[Naresh (actor)|Naresh]]
* [[Sri Lakshmi (actress)|Sri Lakshmi]]
* [[Rag Mayur]]
* [[Priya Vadlamani]]
}}
| cinematography = Ankur C
| editing = {{plain list|
* Naresh Adupa
* Hari Shankar TN
}}
| music = RH Vikram
| studio = Dream Farmers
| distributor = [[ETV Win]]
| released = {{Film date|2024|08|14|df=y|ref1=}}
| runtime = 121 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Veeranjaneyulu Viharayatra''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Road movie|road]] [[comedy drama]] film written and directed by Anurag Palutla.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rachavelpula |first=Kausalya |date=2024-09-16 |title=I don't want to disrespect anyone with my films: Anurag Palutla |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/i-dont-want-to-disrespect-anyone-with-my-films-anurag-palutla-907373 |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> The film features [[Naresh (actor)|Naresh]], [[Sri Lakshmi (actress)|Sri Lakshmi]], [[Rag Mayur]] and [[Priya Vadlamani]] in important roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2024-08-14 |title=Rag Mayur: Drama is my strength; comedy was a discovery |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/interviews/2024/Aug/14/rag-mayur-drama-is-my-strength-comedy-was-a-discovery |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

The film was released on 14 August 2024 on [[ETV Win]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-21 |title='Veeranjaneyulu Vihara Yatra' coming on OTT: When and where to watch 1st Telugu road trip comedy |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/1st-telugu-road-trip-comedy-coming-on-ott-heres-where-you-can-watch-veeranjaneyulu-vihara-yatra/articleshow/111907850.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-12-27 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' listed [[Naresh (actor)|Naresh]]'s performance in "The 10 Best Telugu Film Performances of 2024".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 10 Best Telugu Film Performances of 2024: Dulquer Salmaan, Amitabh Bachchan, And More |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/lists/lists/the-10-best-telugu-film-performances-of-2024-dulquer-salmaan-amitabh-bachchan-and-more |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=The Hollywood Reporter India |language=en}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Naresh (actor)|Naresh]] as Nageswara Rao
* [[Sri Lakshmi (actress)|Sri Lakshmi]]
* [[Rag Mayur]] as Veeranjaneyulu Jr. "Veeru"
* [[Priya Vadlamani]] as Sarayu
* [[Harsha Vardhan]] as Doctor Paramahamsa
* [[Vasu Inturi]] as [[Circle Inspector|CI]] Putta Swami
* Priyadarshini as Savitri
* Taruna as Aishwarya
* Ravi Teja Mahadasyam as Tharun
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Veeranjaneyulu Sr. (Cameo Appearance); Nageswara Rao's father and narrator of this film.

== Music ==
The film's [[Soundtrack|soundtrack album]] and [[background score]] were composed by RH Vikram.
{{Track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_music = RH Vikram
| title1 = AyyAyyo
| length1 = 4:01
| lyrics1 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra1 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
| title2 = Gaali Vaana
| length2 = 1:23
| lyrics2 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra2 = Manoj Krishna
| title3 = O Malupe
| length3 = 1:14
| lyrics3 = [[Krishna Kanth]]
| extra3 = Gowtham Bharadwaj
| title4 = Aakasame
| length4 = 4:45
| lyrics4 = Kittu Vissapragada
| extra4 = Niranjana Ramanan, Gowtham Bharadwaj
| title5 = Theerana
| length5 = 2:06
| lyrics5 = Kittu Vissapragada
| extra5 = Niranjana Ramana
| title6 = Oh Premalokam
| length6 = 2:58
| lyrics6 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra6 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], Pavithra Chari
}}

== Release ==
''Veeranjaneyulu Viharayatra'' was released on 14 August 2024 [[ETV Win|ETV Win.]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2024-08-08 |title=Rag Mayur: 'Veeranjaneyulu Viharayatra' is a rare road trip family drama in Telugu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rag-mayur-veeranjaneyulu-viharayatra-is-a-rare-road-trip-family-drama-in-telugu/article68491472.ece |access-date=2024-12-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' gave a positive review stating "''Veeranjaneyulu Viharayatra'' tries to be more than a simple family drama, akin to ''[[Kapoor & Sons]]''", while appreciating the performances of the lead cast.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2024-08-14 |title='Veeranjaneyulu Viharayatra' movie review: A journey steeped in bitter-sweet memories |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/veeranjaneyulu-viharayatra-movie-review-a-journey-steeped-in-bitter-sweet-memories/article68519826.ece |access-date=2024-12-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Avad Mohammad of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' opined that the film has an interesting premise but was effected by predictable narration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Veeranjaneyulu Vihara Yatra Review: Routine and predictable but has its moments |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/veeranjaneyulu-vihara-yatra-review-routine-and-predictable-but-has-its-emotional-moments/e342a759f0606 |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=8 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908035906/https://www.ottplay.com/review/veeranjaneyulu-vihara-yatra-review-routine-and-predictable-but-has-its-emotional-moments/e342a759f0606 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|33083848}}
*[https://www.etvwin.com/original-movies/veeranjaneyulu-viharayatra-movie-1 ''Veeranjaneyulu Viharayatra''] on [[ETV Win]]
[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian direct-to-video films]]
[[Category:2024 direct-to-video films]]
[[Category:Films set in Goa]]
[[Category:2024 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian road comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2020s road comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:ETV Win original films]]
[[Category:Films set in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Films set in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films set in Vijayawada]]
[[Category:Films set in Rajahmundry]]

Hello Baby (2025 film)

2026-03-03T09:09:28Z

Robertoson: Stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Hello Baby
| image = Hello Baby (2025 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Ram Gopal Ratnam
| writer =
| producer = Kandregula Adhinarayana
| starring = Kavya Keerthi
| cinematography = Ramana K Naidu
| editing = Sairam Tatipalli
| music = Sukumar Pammi
| studio = Skml Motion Pictures
| released = {{Film date|2025|04|25|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}
'''''Hello Baby''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language film directed by Ram Gopal Ratnam<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2025 |title="Hello Baby" Releasing in Theaters on April 25 |url=https://www.telugutimes.net/en/cinemas/cinema-news/hello-baby-releasing-in-theaters-on-april-25-316167.html |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=Telugu Times |language=en}}</ref> and produced by Kandregula Adhinarayana under the banner Skml Motion Pictures. The film stars Kavya Keerthi in the lead role.<ref>{{Cite web |title=సోలో క్యారెక్టర్‌తో వస్తున్న హలో బేబీ {{!}} Hello Baby Movie Motion Poster Launched By Actress Nandita Shweta, Deets Inside - Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/hello-baby-movie-motion-poster-launched-actress-nandita-shweta-1949434 |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* Kavya Keerthi as Adya<ref>{{Cite web |title='హలో బేబీ' లాంటి సినిమాలు చేయడం సాహసమే : హీరో నవీన్‌ చంద్ర {{!}} Hello Baby Movie Promotional Song Released By Naveen Chandra, Watch Inside - Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/hello-baby-movie-promotional-song-released-naveen-chandra-2004249 |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}</ref>

== Production ==
The film's music is composed by Sukumar Pammi,<ref>{{Cite web |title='హలో బేబీ'కథ విని ఆశ్చర్యపోయాను: మ్యూజిక్ డైరెక్టర్ కోటి {{!}} Hello Baby Movie Song Released By Music Director Koti {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/hello-baby-movie-song-released-music-director-koti-2029522 |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}</ref> with cinematography by Ramana K Naidu and editing by Sairam Tatipalli.<ref>{{Cite web |title=హ్యాకింగ్ కాన్సెప్ట్.. సినిమా అంతా ఒకటే పాత్ర.. త్వరలో రిలీజ్ {{!}} Hello Baby Telugu Movie Release Details {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/hello-baby-telugu-movie-release-details-1960890 |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''[[Zee News Telugu]]'' critic wrote that "Kavya has impressed with her acting as an actress. She has impressed with her expression in such films. She has a good future as an actress."<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2025 |title=Hello Baby Movie Review: 'హలో బేబీ' మూవీ రివ్యూ.. మెప్పించిదా..! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/no-rev/hello-baby-movie-review-rating-public-rating-ta-218330 |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=Zee News Telugu |language=te}}</ref> Suhas Sistu of ''[[The Hans India]]'' wrote, "''Hello Baby'' is a must-watch for those who enjoy intense psychological thrillers. It's a different kind of film that deserves both appreciation and audience support.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=25 April 2025 |title=Home > Entertainment 'Hello Baby' review: A gripping solo thriller that packs a punch |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/hello-baby-review-a-gripping-solo-thriller-that-packs-a-punch-965893 |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=thehansindia.com |language=en |archive-date=26 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426013111/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/hello-baby-review-a-gripping-solo-thriller-that-packs-a-punch-965893 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt32176746}}

[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2025 thriller films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian psychological thriller films]]

Poomaname Vaa

2026-03-03T04:44:33Z

Robertoson: added references

{{Multiple issues|
{{No plot|date=November 2023}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2023}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Poomaname Vaa
| image =
| caption =
| writer = Raja Subramanaian
| starring = [[Ramarajan]] [[Sangita Madhavan Nair|Sangita]]
| director = [[V. Azhagappan]]
| producer = [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]]
| music = [[Sirpy]]
| cinematography = A. Karthik Raja
| studio = Nalini Cine Arts
| editing = L. Kesavan
| distributor = Continental Enterprises
| released = {{Film date|1999|04|30|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Poomaname Vaa''''' is a 1999 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic drama film]] written and directed by [[V. Azhagappan]]. The film stars [[Ramarajan]] and [[Sangita Madhavan Nair|Sangita]], while [[Easwari Rao]] and [[Manivannan]] portrayed supporting roles. The music for the film was composed by [[Sirpy]] and the film was released on 30 April 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poomaname Vaa ( 1999 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/allCast.cgi?id=2245 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040822150647/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/allCast.cgi?id=2245 |archive-date=22 August 2004 |access-date=12 January 2024 |work=Cinesouth}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
*[[Ramarajan]]
*[[Sangita Madhavan Nair|Sangita]]
*[[Easwari Rao]]
*[[Manivannan]]
*[[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]]
*[[Vadivelu]]
*[[Ranjith (actor)|Ranjith]]
*[[Vinu Chakravarthy]]
*[[Senthil]]
*[[Alex (actor)|Alex]]
*[[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]]
*[[Halwa Vasu]]
*MLA Thangaraj
*Editor Sreedhar
*Melur Govindhan
*[[Vasu Vikram]]
*Gajapathi
}}

==Production==
The film was produced under the banner of Nalini Cine Arts by [[Ramarajan]]'s wife [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini Ramarajan]]. During production, the film was labelled as the actor's 40th film and 11th film as a director, but [[V. Azhagappan]] was later given the directorial post. The initial cast included other actors such as [[Vagai Chandrasekhar|Chandrasekhar]], [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] and [[Santhana Bharathi]], who eventually did not feature.<ref name="indo">{{cite web |title=A-Z Continues... |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Specials/97/Oct/a-z/atoz-5.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927193800/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Specials/97/Oct/a-z/atoz-5.htm |archive-date=27 September 2013 |website=Indolink |access-date=29 January 2018 }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Sirpy]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Poo Maname Vaa (1999) |url=https://mio.to/album/Poo+Maname+Vaa+%281999%29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407054210/https://mio.to/album/Poo%2BManame%2BVaa%2B(1999) |archive-date=7 April 2019 |access-date=2019-04-07 |website=MusicIndiaOnline}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics
|-
| "Dhillu Venunda" || [[Pushpavanam Kuppusamy]] || [[Gangai Amaran]]
|-
| "Ennai Thottu Vittu" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]] || rowspan=6|[[Palani Bharathi]]
|-
| "Idhayam Thiranthu" || [[Kalpana Raghavendar|Kalpana]]
|-
| "Kaathu Kulir" || [[Swarnalatha]], S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|-
| "Kanchipuram" || Swarnalatha, Geetha
|-
| "Namma Maapilakku" || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| "Nenjukulla" || Sasitharan
|}

== Release and reception ==
Like many of Ramarajan's films in the late 1990s, ''Poomaname Vaa'' and ''[[Annan (film)|Annan]]'' had a delayed release, while films such as ''Sathya Thaai'' with [[Suvaluxmi]], ''Thambikku Thaai Manasu'' with [[Sanghavi]] and ''Kannuppada Povvudhu'' were cancelled midway through shoot.<ref name="indo" /> D. S. Ramanujam from ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted "The usual zest is missing in Ramarajan. He however manages to fulfil his task. Sangeetha, a capable performer, is out of touch, her repeat expressions not helping her role. The comedy is more for the front benchers".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=D. S. |date=May 21, 1999 |title=Film Review: Poo Manamae Vaa |url=http://www.indiaserver.com/thehindu/1999/05/21/stories/09210224.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010605071357/http://www.indiaserver.com/thehindu/1999/05/21/stories/09210224.htm |archive-date=5 June 2001 |access-date=19 November 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1999 Indian films]]
[[Category:1999 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1999 films]]
[[Category:1999 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by V. Azhagappan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Sila Nodigalil

2026-03-03T02:30:21Z

Robertoson: Adding new biography!

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sila Nodigalil
| image = Sila Nodigalil.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Vinay Bharadwaj]]
| writer = Vinay Bharadwaj
| producer = [[Punnagai Poo Gheetha]] [[Sharmiela Mandre]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Richard Rishi]]
*Punnagai Poo Gheetha
*[[Yashika Aannand]]
}}
| cinematography = Abhimanyu Sadanandan
| editing = Shaijal P V
| music = {{plainlist|
* [[Masala Coffee]]
* [[Bjorn Surrao]]
* [[Darshana KT]]
* Staccato
* Rohit Matt
}}
| studio = Esquire Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2023|11|24|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}'''''Sila Nodigalil''''' ({{Translation|Within a few seconds}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language mystery thriller drama film directed by [[Vinay Bharadwaj]]. The film stars [[Richard Rishi]], [[Punnagai Poo Gheetha]] and [[Yashika Aannand]] in the lead roles. The film was produced by [[Punnagai Poo Gheetha]] under the banner of Esquire Productions and [[Sharmiela Mandre]] is the creative producer.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-02 |title=Sila Nodigal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/previews/sila-nodigal/articleshow/104905782.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106171921/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/previews/sila-nodigal/articleshow/104905782.cms |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-11-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Richard Rishi]] as Raj
* [[Punnagai Poo Gheetha]] as Medha
* [[Yashika Aannand]] as Maya Pillai
* Lydia Danistan as Revati
* Bitu Thomas as Riddhima
* Isha Raj as Zara
* Antara Banerjee as Shreya
* Rose Adams as Haley
* Penukonda as Maid
* Shipra Jain Khanna as Radha
* Darren as Phillip
* Anna as Phillip's girlfriend
* David Broughton as Dr. Stevens
}}

== Production ==

After the debut film [[Mundina Nildana]], [[Vinay Bharadwaj]] described this film as his Tamil debut project, titled ''Sila Nodigalil''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2023 |title=Richard Rishi, Yashika Aanand, Punnagai Poo Geetha to headline Sila Nodigalil |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/oct/02/richard-rishi-yashika-aanand-punnagai-poo-geethato-headline-sila-nodigalil-48219.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106161346/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/oct/02/richard-rishi-yashika-aanand-punnagai-poo-geethato-headline-sila-nodigalil-48219.html |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The film was prominently shot in London.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-07 |title=It is for a movie: Yashika on pictures with Richard Rishi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/it-is-for-a-movie-yashika-on-pictures-with-richard-rishi/articleshow/100806529.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106235806/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/it-is-for-a-movie-yashika-on-pictures-with-richard-rishi/articleshow/100806529.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-11-06 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajaraman |first=Kaushik |date=2023-11-24 |title='Sila Nodigalil is made for the International Audience' |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/sila-nodigalil-is-made-for-the-international-audience-750382 |access-date=2026-01-20 |website=[[DT Next]] |language=en}}</ref> The film was produced by [[Punnagai Poo Gheetha]] under the banner of Esquire Productions. The cinematography was done by Abhimanyu Sadanandan, while editing was handled by Shaijal P V.

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack has five songs, each composed by a different music director: [[Masala Coffee]], [[Bjorn Surrao]], [[Darshana KT]], Staccato and Rohit Matt.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-03 |title=క్రైమ్ స‌స్పెన్స్ థ్రిల్ల‌ర్ మూవీలో రుద్ర‌తాండ‌వం హీరో |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/richard-rishi-punnagai-poo-geetha-yashika-anand-starrer-sila-nodigalil-1835028 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106161349/https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/richard-rishi-punnagai-poo-geetha-yashika-anand-starrer-sila-nodigalil-1835028 |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=Sakshi |language=te}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Fun Maaro
| length1 = 3:03
| lyrics1 = [[Ku Karthik]]
| extra1 = Varun Sunil
| title2 = Aasai Mugam
| length2 = 3:00
| lyrics2 = [[Subramania Bharati]]
| extra2 = Niranjana Ramanan
| title3 = Tholai Vaanam
| length3 = 2:57
| lyrics3 = C. M. Lokesh
| extra3 = [[Darshana KT]]
| title4 = Pattasu Poove
| length4 = 3:01
| lyrics4 = Vignesh Ramakrishna
| extra4 = Bjorn Surrao
| title5 = En Nenjil
| length5 = 2:52
| lyrics5 = P. S. Jayahari
| extra5 = Rohit Matt
| music1 = [[Masala Coffee]]
| music2 = Staccato
| music3 = Darshana K. T.
| music4 = [[Bjorn Surrao]]
| music5 = Rohit Matt
| total_length = 14:53
}}

== Release and reception ==
The film was released on 24 November 2023 in theatres.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2023-11-16 |title=Sharmiela Mandre ventures into production with the Tamil film, Sila Nodigalil |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/Nov/16/sharmiela-mandre-ventures-into-production-with-the-tamil-film-sila-nodigalil-2633172.html |access-date=2026-01-20 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom]]'' rated three out of five and stated that "Vinay Bharadwaj's direction, coupled with stellar performances, captivating cinematography, and a resonating musical score, collaboratively weaves a tale that keeps the audience on the edge of their seats, making ''Sila Nodigalil'' a standout cinematic experience."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sila Nodigalil Movie Review: A Complex Interplay Of Love, Secrets And Tragedy |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/reviews/sila-nodigalil-movie-review-a-complex-interplay-of-love-secrets-and-tragedy-review-105457738 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124191923/https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/reviews/sila-nodigalil-movie-review-a-complex-interplay-of-love-secrets-and-tragedy-review-105457738 |archive-date=2023-11-24 |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=Zoom TV |language=en}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Maalai Malar]]'' criticised the screenplay, but praised the cinematography and editing.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-23 |title=சில நொடிகளில் |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/sila-nodigalil-128002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124191817/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/sila-nodigalil-128002 |archive-date=2023-11-24 |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=maalaimalar.com |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:2023 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in London]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language thriller films]]

{{improve categories|date=November 2023}}

Berasia Assembly constituency

2026-02-21T17:49:27Z

Robertoson: typo fix

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Berasia
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 149
| map_image = 149-Berasia.svg
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Bhopal district|Bhopal]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bhopal Lok Sabha constituency|Bhopal]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Vishnu Khatri]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Brahmanand Ratnakar
}}
'''Berasia''' is one of the 230 constituencies in the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]], a central state of India. [[Berasia]] is also part of the [[Bhopal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhopal Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/berasia.html Elections In]</ref> It is a reserved seat for the Scheduled Caste (SC).<ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=227, 250}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
=== Bhopal State Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1952 Bhopal State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|[[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<ref name="BhopalECI1951">{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Bhopal |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_BHOPAL.pdf |access-date=2014-10-13 |publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

=== Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|[[Bhagwan Singh (politician)|Bhagwan Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|Hari Krishna Singh
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Bhaiya Lal
|{{Full party name with color|Hindu Mahasabha}}
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|[[Laxminarayan Sharma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| rowspan="2" |Gauri Shankar Kaushal
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Laxminarayan Sharma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|Jodharam Gurjar
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|Bhaktpal Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|Brahmanand Ratnakar
|-
|[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Vishnu Khatri]]
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name="election2018" />
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Berasia<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Vishnu Khatri]]
|votes = {{formatnum:107844}}
|percentage = 54.65
|change = +6.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Jayshree Harikaran
|votes = {{formatnum:82447}}
|percentage = 41.78
|change = +2.47
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Mastar Vishram Singh Ahirwar (Bouddh)
|votes = {{formatnum:2595}}
|percentage = 1.31
|change = -0.65
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1829}}
|percentage = 0.93
|change = -0.2
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:25397}}
|percentage = 12.87
|change = +4.41
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:197353}}
|percentage = 79.51
|change = +2.34
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Berasia<ref name="election2018">{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Madhya Pradesh Legislative Election 2018- Statistical Report |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515112321/https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |archive-date=2019-05-15 |access-date=3 March 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Vishnu Khatri]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:77814}}
|percentage = 47.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Jayshree Harikaran
|votes = {{formatnum:64035}}
|percentage = 39.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Brahamanand Ratnakar
|votes = {{formatnum:11815}}
|percentage = 7.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Anita Ahirwar
|votes = {{formatnum:3199}}
|percentage = 1.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Samta Party
|candidate = Toran Singh Ahirwar
|votes = {{formatnum:1540}}
|percentage = 0.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1835}}
|percentage = 1.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:13779}}
|percentage = 8.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:162905}}
|percentage = 77.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Berasia]]
* [[List of constituencies of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Bhopal]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|23.63|77.43|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bhopal]]
[[Category:Bhopal district]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1951]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]

Mudflat

2026-02-15T17:10:12Z

Robertoson: added references

{{short description|Coastal wetlands where sediments have been deposited by tides or rivers}}
{{Redirect|Sand flat||Sand Flat (disambiguation){{!}}Sand Flat}}
[[Image:Tidal flat general sketch.png|upright=1.45|thumb|General sketch-map of a tidal plain, showing the typical tripartition in [[supratidal zone|supratidal]], [[intertidal]] and [[subtidal]] zones. The most apparent character of the area is the development of tidal channels, affecting mainly the [[intertidal zone]]. In this case, the tidal flat is protected seaward by a [[shoal|beach barrier]], but in many cases (low-energy [[water waves|waves]] and [[longshore currents]]) the tidal flats may directly pass into a shallow marine environment.]]
[[File:Islets off of Roscoff France.jpg|alt=Aerial photograph showing shallow turquoise water and scattered rocky outcrops forming tidal flats near Roscoff in Brittany, France.|thumb|Aerial view of rocky tidal flats off the coast of Roscoff, Brittany, France]]
'''Mudflats''' or '''mud flats''', also known as '''tidal flats''' or, in Ireland, '''slob''' or '''slobs''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.askaboutireland.ie/enfo/irelands-environment/county-focus/wexford/wexford-sloblands/|title=Sloblands|website=www.askaboutireland.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/celebrating-the-slobs-1.48177|title=Celebrating the Slobs|first=Richard|last=Roche|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref> are [[coastal wetland]]s that form in intertidal areas where sediments have been deposited by [[tide]]s or [[river]]s. A global analysis published in 2019 suggested that tidal flat ecosystems are as extensive globally as [[mangrove]]s, covering at least {{convert|127,921|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} of the [[Earth]]'s surface.<ref name=Murray>
{{Citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = N.J. | last2 = Phinn | first2 = S.R. | last3 = DeWitt | first3 = M. | last4 = Ferrari | first4 = R. | last5 = Johnston | first5 = R. | last6 = Lyons| first6 = M.B. |last7 = Clinton | first7 = N. |last8 = Thau| first8 = D. | last9 = Fuller | first9 = R.A. | year = 2019 |title = The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats | journal = Nature | volume = 565 | issue = 7738 | pages = 222–225 | doi = 10.1038/s41586-018-0805-8 | pmid = 30568300 | bibcode = 2019Natur.565..222M | s2cid = 56481043 }}/</ref> They are found in sheltered areas such as [[bay]]s, [[bayou]]s, [[lagoon]]s, and [[estuary|estuaries]]; they are also seen in [[freshwater]] [[lake]]s and [[salt lake|salty lakes]] (or inland seas) alike, wherein many rivers and [[Stream|creeks]] end. Mudflats may be viewed [[geology|geologically]] as exposed layers of [[bay mud]], resulting from deposition of [[estuarine]] [[silt]]s, [[clay]]s and aquatic animal [[detritus]]. Most of the sediment within a mudflat is within the [[intertidal zone]], and thus the flat is submerged and exposed approximately twice daily.

A recent global [[remote sensing]] analysis estimated that approximately 50% of the global extent of tidal flats occurs within eight countries ([[Indonesia]], [[China]], [[Australia]], [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[India]], [[Brazil]], and [[Myanmar]]) and that 44% of the world's tidal flats occur within Asia ({{convert|56,051|km2|mi2|disp=or|abbr=on}}).<ref name=Murray/> A 2022 analysis of tidal wetland losses and gains estimates that global tidal flats experienced losses of {{convert|7,000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} between 1999 and 2019, which were largely offset by global gains of {{convert|6,700|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} over the same time period.<ref name="Murray et al. 2022">{{cite journal |last1=Murray |first1=Nicholas J. |last2=Worthington |first2=Thomas A. |last3=Bunting |first3=Pete |last4=Duce |first4=Stephanie |last5=Hagger |first5=Valerie |last6=Lovelock |first6=Catherine E. |last7=Lucas |first7=Richard |last8=Saunders |first8=Megan I. |last9=Sheaves |first9=Marcus |last10=Spalding |first10=Mark |last11=Waltham |first11=Nathan J. |last12=Lyons |first12=Mitchell B. |title=High-resolution mapping of losses and gains of Earth's tidal wetlands |journal=Science |date=13 May 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6594 |pages=744–749 |doi=10.1126/science.abm9583|pmid=35549414 |bibcode=2022Sci...376..744M |s2cid=248749118 |url=http://pure.aber.ac.uk/ws/files/50771054/abm9583_CombinedPDF_v5.pdf }}</ref>

In the past tidal flats were considered unhealthy, economically unimportant areas and were often dredged and developed into agricultural land.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mrcirl.org/marker/marker1701/0701.html|title=Dredging Indian River Lagoon Wetlands 1920 - 1950s|access-date=2011-10-28|archive-date=2013-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320113810/http://www.mrcirl.org/marker/marker1701/0701.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Some mudflats can be extremely treacherous to walk on. For example, the mudflats surrounding [[Anchorage, Alaska]], are made from fine glacial-silt which does not easily separate out its water, and, although seemingly solid, can quickly gel and become like [[quicksand]] when disturbed by stepping on it. Four people are known to have become stuck up to their waists and drowned when the tide came in, and many others are rescued from the Anchorage mudflats each year.<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/alaska-mud-flats-silt-drowning-96bba1b5a8a463118e3a886ae2b01499 Associated Press - Man dies on Alaskan Mudflat]</ref>

On the [[Baltic Sea]] coast of [[Germany]] in places, mudflats are exposed not by tidal action, but by wind-action driving water away from the shallows into the sea. This kind of wind-affected mudflat is called ''[[Windwatt]]'' in German.{{cn|date=September 2022}}

==Ecology==
[[Image:Stewart Island Oban Mudflats.jpg|thumb|Mudflats near [[Oban, New Zealand|Oban]] on [[Stewart Island/Rakiura|Stewart Island]], [[New Zealand]]]]

Tidal flats, along with intertidal [[salt marsh]]es and [[mangrove]] forests, are important [[ecosystem]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://irlspecies.org/index.php|title=Indian River Lagoon Species Inventory Home|website=irlspecies.org}}</ref> They support a large population of wildlife,<ref>Aldea, K. (2022). The Unvegetated Tidal Flats in Catanduanes Island, Philippines: Current and Future Trends. In T. Shinbo, S. Akama & S. Kubota (Eds.), " Interdisciplinary Studies for Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Region along the Kuroshio: Problem-Based Approach by Kuroshio Science" (pp.76-82).https://kochi.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=pages_view_main&active_action=repository_view_main_item_detail&item_id=8635&item_no=1&page_id=13&block_id=21</ref> and are a key habitat that allows tens of millions of migratory [[shorebirds]] to migrate from breeding sites in the northern hemisphere to non-breeding areas in the southern hemisphere. They are often of vital importance to [[migratory bird]]s, as well as certain species of [[crab]]s,<ref>Triño, A. T., & Rodriguez, E. M. (2000). Mud crab (Scylla serrata) culture in tidal flats with existing mangroves. In J. H. Primavera, M. T. Castaños, & M. B. Surtida (Eds.), ''Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture: Proceedings of the Workshop on Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture organized by the SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department, January 11–15, 1999, Iloilo City, Philippines'' (pp. 171–176). Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center. https://repository.seafdec.org.ph/handle/10862/454</ref> [[mollusk]]s and [[fish]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/npr/ramsar_wetland/pamph/manko_34.pdf|title=Manko - Tidal Flat, Mangrove Forest}}</ref> In the [[United Kingdom]] mudflats have been classified as a [[Biodiversity Action Plan]] priority habitat.

The maintenance of mudflats is important in preventing coastal erosion. However, mudflats worldwide are under threat from predicted [[sea level rise]]s, land claims for development, [[Dredge|dredging]] due to shipping purposes, and [[soil contamination|chemical pollution]].<ref name=Murray/> In some parts of the world, such as East and South-East Asia, mudflats have been reclaimed for [[aquaculture]], [[agriculture]], and industrial development. For example, around the [[Yellow Sea]] region of East Asia, more than 65% of mudflats present in the early 1950s had been destroyed by the late 2000s.<ref>{{Citation | first1 = J. | last1 = MacKinnon | first2 = Y.I. | last2 = Verkuil | first3 = N.J. | last3 = Murray | year = 2012 | title = IUCN situation analysis on East and Southeast Asian intertidal habitats, with particular reference to the Yellow Sea (including the Bohai Sea) | series = Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 47 | pages = 70 | publisher = IUCN | place = Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK | isbn = 9782831712550 | url = http://www.iucn.org/asiancoastalwetlands/ | access-date = 2014-08-01 | archive-date = 2014-06-24 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20140624015227/http://www.iucn.org/asiancoastalwetlands/ | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>
{{Citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = N.J. | last2 = Clemens | first2 = R.S. | last3 = Phinn | first3 = S.R. | last4 = Possingham | first4 = H.P. | last5 = Fuller | first5 = R.A. | year = 2014 |title = Tracking the rapid loss of tidal wetlands in the Yellow Sea| journal = Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 267–272 | doi = 10.1890/130260 | url = https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/60169/1/130260.pdf }}/</ref> It is estimated that up to 16% of the world tidal flats have disappeared since the mid-1980s.<ref name=Murray/>

Mudflat sediment deposits are focused into the [[intertidal zone]] which is composed of a barren zone and marshes. Within these areas are various ratios of sand and mud that make up the sedimentary layers.<ref name=Reineck>{{cite book |last1=Reineck |first1=H. E. |first2=I. B. |last2=Singh |title=Depositional Sedimentary Environments |edition=2nd |location=New York |publisher=Springer-Verlag |year=1980 |pages=418–428 |isbn=0-387-10189-6 }}</ref> The associated growth of coastal sediment deposits can be attributed to rates of subsidence along with rates of deposition (example: silt transported via river) and changes in sea level.<ref name=Reineck/>

Barren zones extend from the lowest portion of the intertidal zone to the marsh areas. Beginning in close proximity to the tidal bars, sand dominated layers are prominent and become increasingly muddy throughout the tidal channels. Common bedding types include laminated sand, ripple bedding, and bay mud. [[Bioturbation]] also has a strong presence in barren zones.

[[Marshes]] contain an abundance of [[herbaceous plant]]s while the sediment layers consist of thin sand and mud layers. [[Mudcrack]]s are a common as well as wavy bedding planes.<ref name=Reineck/> Marshes are also the origins of coal/peat layers because of the abundant decaying plant life.<ref name=Reineck/>
[[Salt pan (geology)|Salt pans]] can be distinguished in that they contain thinly laminated layers of clayey silt. The main source of the silt comes from rivers. Dried up mud along with wind erosion forms silt dunes. When flooding, rain or tides come in, the dried sediment is then re-distributed.<ref name=Reineck/>

<gallery class="center" widths="180px">
File:ISS013-E-75163 - View of Tunisia.jpg|alt=Satellite view of the Kneiss Islands, Tunisia|Satellite view of the [[Kneiss|Kneiss Islands]], [[Tunisia]].
File:Skagit_Bay_6308.JPG|Gulls feeding on mudflats in [[Skagit Bay]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], United States
Image:brewster mudflat.jpg|Mudflats in [[Brewster, Massachusetts]], United States, extending hundreds of yards offshore at the low tide. The line of [[Wrack (seaweed)]] and seashells in the foreground indicates the [[tide|high-water mark]].
</gallery>

==Cultural Services==
Tidal flats provide cultural services that reflect a sense of place, foster social interactions, and support well-being.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Aldea |first1=K. |last2=Tumala |first2=Z.M. |date=2025 |title= Tidal flats' faunal resource utilization in Catanduanes Island, Philippines: gleaning, fishing, and their associated provisioning and cultural services |url= https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainability/articles/10.3389/frsus.2025.1650431/full |url-access= |trans-title= |format= |website= |language= |location= |publisher= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |quote=}}</ref> Intergenerational practices of tidal flat gleaning and fishing are central to tidal flat-dependent communities.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Aldea |first1=K. |last2=Tumala |first2=Z.M. |date=2025 |title= Tidal flats' faunal resource utilization in Catanduanes Island, Philippines: gleaning, fishing, and their associated provisioning and cultural services |url= https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainability/articles/10.3389/frsus.2025.1650431/full |url-access= |trans-title= |format= |website= |language= |location= |publisher= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |quote=}}</ref> Hence, enabling cultural preservation and identity for the coastal communities, which are intricately linked with the tidal flats ecosystem.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Aldea |first1=K. |last2=Tumala |first2=Z.M. |date=2025 |title= Tidal flats' faunal resource utilization in Catanduanes Island, Philippines: gleaning, fishing, and their associated provisioning and cultural services |url= https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainability/articles/10.3389/frsus.2025.1650431/full |url-access= |trans-title= |format= |website= |language= |location= |publisher= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |quote=}}</ref>

==Selected example areas==

* [[Arcachon Bay]], [[France]]
* [[Banc d'Arguin]], [[Mauritania]]
* [[Banquerohan Wetlands]], [[Catanduanes]], [[Philippines]]
* [[Chamiza Wetland]], [[Chile]]
* [[Gigmoto Bay]], [[Catanduanes]], [[Philippines]]
* [[Great Rann of Kutch]], [[India]]
* [[Belhaven, Scotland|Belhaven]], [[East Lothian]] [[Scotland]], [[United Kingdom]]
* [[Bridgwater Bay]] and [[Morecambe Bay]], [[United Kingdom]]
* [[Cape Cod Bay]], [[Massachusetts]], United States
* [[Cook Inlet]], [[Alaska]], United States
* [[Lindisfarne|Lindisfarne Island]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]
* [[Minas Basin]], [[Nova Scotia]], [[Canada]]
* [[Moreton Bay]], [[Queensland]], [[Australia]]
* [[North Slob]], [[Wexford]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
* [[Kneiss|Kneiss Archipelago]], [[Tunisia]]
* [[Padilla Bay]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], United States
* [[Plymouth Bay]], [[Massachusetts]], United States
* [[Port of Tacoma]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], United States
* [[Port Susan]], [[Warm Beach]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], United States
* [[Skagit Bay]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], United States
* [[Snettisham]], [[Norfolk]] [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]
* [[Wadden Sea]]: [[Netherlands]], [[Germany]], [[Denmark]]
* West coast of [[Andros, Bahamas|Andros Island, Bahamas]]
* [[Yellow Sea]]: [[China]], [[North Korea]], [[South Korea]]([[Getbol, Korean Tidal Flats|Getbol]])

== See also ==
{{Portal|Wetlands}}
* [[Getbol, Korean Tidal Flats|Getbol]]
* [[Herringbone cross bed]]s

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Mudflats}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110605124633/http://www.cbbep.org/projects/molliebeattie/flatlinksvaluable.htm Tidal Flats]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130718151050/http://tidalflats.org/ Tidal Flats Field Sites]
*[http://intertidal.app Intertidal Change Explorer]

{{Coastal geography|state=expanded}}
{{aquatic ecosystem topics|expanded=none}}
{{Wetlands}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mudflats]]

Indulekha Warrier

2026-02-10T03:15:17Z

Robertoson: Done

{{Short description|Indian singer, composer, rapper and actor}}
{{BLP sources|date=August 2022}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Indulekha Warrier
| image =
| alias = Indulekha Jayaraj
| birth_name = Indulekha J
| birth_place = [[Thrissur]], Kerala, India
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|07|15}}
| genre = [[Indian classical music|Indian classical]], [[Playback singer|Playback Singing]], [[Rap]]
| occupation = Playback singer, composer, actor
| years_active = 2011–present
}}

'''Indulekha Warrier''' (born 15 July 1993) is an Indian playback singer, composer, [[rapper]] and an actor.<ref>{{cite web |title=A tete-a-tete with singer Indulekha Warrier |url=https://englisharchives.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/interview/music-1.3440118}}</ref> She predominantly works in [[Malayalam cinema]] in addition to Tamil and Telugu films. Indulekha is trained in [[Carnatic music|Carnatic classical music]], [[Kathakali]] [[Sangeetham]] traditions and is also a recognised rap artist.<ref>{{cite web |title=Singer Indulekha Warrier’s ‘Pen rap’ wins attention |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/singer-indulekha-warriers-pen-rap-wins-attention/articleshow/77103439.cms}}</ref>

==Personal life==

Indulekha Warrier was born in [[Thrissur]] to [[Jayaraj Warrier]], a Standup Comic/Caricaturist, Actor in the Malayalam film Industry and Usha Jayaraj. Born into a family inclined to arts, Indulekha was introduced to the world of music as a child and started singing at an early age, initially accompanying her father on his tours. She is married to Anand Achuthankutty, a civilian officer with the [[Indian Defence Accounts Service]]. The couple have a son Sarang, who was born on 23 December 2021

==Career==

Indulekha started her career making an acting debut in the movie [[Loudspeaker (2009 film)|Loudspeaker]] in 2009, in which she acted in a song in the movie. She returned as a playback singer in 2014, with the song [[Eeran Kannino Devaroopam]], for the Malayalam movie [[Apothecary (film)|Apothecary]]. She has since contributed to Malayalam cinema and Malayalam rap.

== Filmography ==
{| class = "sortable wikitable"
!Year !! Film !! Director !! Role
|-
| 2009 || [[Loudspeaker (2009 film)|Loudspeaker]] || [[Jayaraj]] || Soudamini

|}

== Discography ==
{| class = "sortable wikitable"
!Year !! Title !! Composer !! Movie !! Language
|-
|2014 || Eeran Kannino Devaroopam || Sheikh Ellahi ||[[Apothecary (film)|Apothecary]] || Malayalam
|-
|2016 || Pesu Pesu || [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] || [[Uchathula Shiva]] || Tamil
|-
|2018 || Puthu Chemba || [[Sharreth]] || [[Autorsha]] || Malayalam
|-
|2020 || Pattupettikara || Indulekha Warrier || [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt12926494/ Duniyavinde Orrattathu] || Malayalam
|-
|2022
|Freak Lookil
|S. Chitra
|Nalla Samayam
|Malayalam
|-
|2023 || Suryangam || Indulekha Warrier || [[Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire]] (D) || Malayalam
|-
|2023
|Sathiyunarunnu
|Kaithapram Viswanathan
|Section 306 IPC
|Malayalam
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Warrier, Indulekha}}
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language playback singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Indian women rappers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Women Carnatic musicians]]
[[Category:Singers from Thrissur]]
[[Category:21st-century rappers]]

Joe Paul (lyricist)

2026-02-07T23:05:32Z

Robertoson: Adding

{{Short description|Indian lyricist and music composer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Joe Paul
| image = Joe Paul lyricist.jpg
| caption =
| birth_place = Kunnamkulam, Kerala, India
| citizenship =
| alma_mater = University of Minnesota
| occupation = Lyricist
| years_active = 2000–present
| spouse = Dhanya
| children = {{unbulleted list|Samuel (son)|Isaiah (son)}}
| mother = Baby Paul
| father = P. P. Paul
}}

'''Joe Paul''' is an Indian lyricist and music composer who works in [[Malayalam Cinema]].<ref>{{cite news|date=9 November 2018|title=Pursuing a musical dream|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/entertainment/music/091118/pursuing-a-musical-dream.html}}</ref> He began his film career in 2015 with the movie ''[[You Too Brutus (film)|You Too Brutus]]''.<ref>{{cite news|date=10 January 2020|title=Mollywood lyricist Joe Paul on why his poetry is beyond borders|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/mollywood-lyricist-joe-paul-on-why-his-poetry-is-beyond-borders/article30532827.ece}}</ref>

==Early life and background==

Paul was born in [[Kunnamkulam]], [[Thrissur District|Thrissur]], [[Kerala]] to P. P. Paul and Baby Paul and grew up in [[Kochi]]. He graduated with a BSc Agriculture from [[Kerala Agricultural University]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sathyendran|first=Nita|date=2020-01-10|title=Mollywood lyricist Joe Paul on why his poetry is beyond borders|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/mollywood-lyricist-joe-paul-on-why-his-poetry-is-beyond-borders/article30532827.ece|access-date=2021-10-06|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and master's from the [[University of Minnesota]]. He is settled in [[Dallas]] with his family.

==Writing career==

In 2000, Paul composed and wrote his first work ''Krooshitharoopam'', a devotional song. He made his debut as a lyricist in the Malayalam film industry in 2015<ref>{{Cite web|title=A melodious ode to a Kerala-Tibetan love story|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/music/a-melodious-ode-to-a-kerala-tibetan-love-story-najim-arshad-1.1942430|access-date=2021-10-06|website=Mathrubhumi|date=16 May 2017 |language=en}}</ref> with the song ''Raavukalil''for the movie ''[[You Too Brutus (film)|You Too Brutus]]''. His popular works include lyrics for the songs from the movies [[Queen (2018 film)|Queen]], [[Dear Comrade]], [[Ranam (2018 film)|Ranam]], [[Ishq (2019 film)|Ishq]] etc.<ref>{{cite news|date=15 January 2018|title=അമേരിക്കയിൽ നിന്ന് പാട്ടെഴുതി: ക്വീനിലെ ആ ഹിറ്റ് വരികൾ ദേ ഈ ജോയുടേതാണ്|work=[[Malayala Manorama]]|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/interviews/2018/01/15/queen-malayalam-movie-lyricist-joe-paul-interview.amp.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=20 December 2020|title=Joe Paul strikes a chord with words|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/entertainment/malayalam/2020/dec/05/joe-paul-strikes-a-chord-with-words-2231879.html}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== As lyricist ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Song
! Film
! Composer
! Singer
! Remarks
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" |2015
|Mazhamegha
|[[Rasputin (2015 film)|Rasputin]]
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" |Roby Abraham
|Roby Abraham, Ajay Sathyan
|
|-
|Raavukalil
|[[You Too Brutus (film)|You Too Brutus]]
|[[Madonna Sebastian]]
|
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="10" |2018
|Saare Njangal
| colspan="1" rowspan="6" |[[Queen (2018 film)|Queen]]
| colspan="1" rowspan="8" |[[Jakes Bejoy]]
|[[Benny Dayal]], [[Jakes Bejoy]], Zia Ul Haq, Kavita Gopi, Zonobia Safar
|
|-
|Aaraandaa
|Ajaey Shrvan, Jakes Bejoy, Keshav Vinod
|
|-
|Podipaarane
|Ajaey Shrvan, Sunil Kumar, Keshav Vinod
|
|-
|Ponnumkasavitta
|[[Neha Nair]]
|
|-
|Nenjinakath Lalettan
|Jakes Bejoy, [[Dijo Jose Antony]]
|
|-
|Maayilla Njaan
|[[Sruthy Sasidharan]]
|
|-
|Ini Raave
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" |[[Ranam (2018 film)|Ranam]]
|[[Vidhu Prathap]]
|
|-
|Ayudham Eduda
|[[Fejo (rapper)|Fejo]], Jakes Bejoy, Fu Ra, Ajaey Sharavan
|Co-writer: Fura, Fejo
|-
|Vijana Vazhikalil (Kaathangal)
|[[Swathanthryam Ardharathriyil]]
|
|[[Sreekumar Vakkiyil]]
|
|-
|Nee Vilagi
|[[Dha Dha 87]]
|[[Lander Lee Marty]]
|Anand Aravindakshan, Sruthy Sasidharan
|Co-writer: Vijay Sri G
|-
| rowspan="17" |2019
|Parayuvaan
|[[Ishq (2019 film)|Ishq]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Jakes Bejoy]]
|[[Sid Sriram]], Neha S. Nair
|
|-
|Peda Peda
|[[Porinju Mariam Jose]]
|Jakes Bejoy, Keshav Vinod, Jithin, Merrin Gregory
|
|-
|Kinavoo (Thenthulli)
| colspan="1" rowspan="4" |[[Manoharam (2019 film)|Manoharam]]
| colspan="1" rowspan="4" |Sanjeev Thomas
|Sanjeev Thomas, [[Shweta Mohan]]
|
|-
|Munnotitha
|Sanjeev Thomas
|
|-
|Veyilnaalangal (Thaaro)
|[[Vineeth Sreenivasan]]
|
|-
|Akale
|Sid Sriram
|
|-
|Neerolam Mele Moodum
| colspan="1" rowspan="8" |[[Dear Comrade]]
| colspan="1" rowspan="8" |[[Justin Prabhakaran]]
|[[Gowtham Bharadwaj]]
|
|-
|Madhu Pole
|Sid Sriram, Aishwarya Ravichandran
|
|-
|Thiri Thiri
|[[Remya Nambeesan]], [[Nakul Abhyankar]]
|
|-
|Canteen
|Jakes Bejoy
|
|-
|Dear Comrade Anthem
|[[Dulquer Salmaan]], [[Dope Daddy]], [[Stony Psyko]]
|
|-
|Thaalam Kottedo
|[[Sarath Santhosh]]
|
|-
|Ee Kathayo
|Sathya Prakash, [[Chinmayi Sripaada]]
|
|-
|Mazhamegham
|[[Sooraj Santhosh]]
|
|-
|Jimmy ivan keniyaada
|[[Jimmy Ee Veedinte Aishwaryam]]
|Arun Daan
|Mithun Ramesh, Divya Pillai, Divyavalli Santhosh
|
|-
|Praanaantham Kaliyudham
| rowspan="2" |[[Kalki (2019 Malayalam film)|Kalki]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Jakes Bejoy]]
|Jakes Bejoy, [[Zeba Tommy]]
|
|-
|Red Blue Black
|Jakes Bejoy, [[Niranj Suresh]], Keshav Vinod, Ajaey Shravan
|
|-
| colspan="1" rowspan="8" |2020
|Ilam Poove
|[[Anveshanam]]
|Jakes Bejoy
|Sooraj Santhosh
|
|-
|Minnaninja Raave
| rowspan="3" |[[Deira Diaries]]
| rowspan="3" |Sibu Sukumaran
|[[Najim Arshad]], [[Aavani Malhar]]
|
|-
|Saayaahnamegham
|[[Vijay Yesudas]]
|
|-
|Sararaanthale
|[[K. S. Harisankar]]
|
|-
|Maanin Mizhiyulla (Penne)
|[[2 States (2020 film)|2 States]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Jakes Bejoy]]
|Karthik
|
|-
|Yaathana Dandana
|[[Durgamati]]
|
|
|-
|Neelayaamangal
| rowspan="2" |[[Vrithakrithiyilulla Chathuram]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ajmal Hasbulla]]
|[[Harish Sivaramakrishnan]]
|
|-
|Chiraku Vanna
|[[Harris Mihraj]]
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2021
|Iruvazhiye
|[[Operation Java]]
|[[Jakes Bejoy]]
|Alan Joy Mathew Parvathy Nair, Vivzy
|
|-
|Varavayi Nee
| rowspan="3" |[[Sara's]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Shaan Rahman]]
|Vineeth Sreenivasan, Divya Vineeth
|
|-
|Nenjame Nenjame
|[[Vineeth Sreenivasan]], Gowri Lakshmi
|
|-
|Tharam marannoromal
|[[Nithya Mammen]]
|
|-
|Lokam Cheradinja Golam
|[[Bhramam]]
|[[Jakes Bejoy]]
|[[Prithviraj Sukumaran]]
|
|-
|Venmukile
|[[The Cabin]]
|[[Hesham Abdul Wahab]]
|KS Harishankar
|
|-
| rowspan="27" |2022
|Jana Gana Mana Anthem
|[[Jana Gana Mana]]
|Jakes Bejoy
|Shankar Mahadevan
|Co-writer: Raqeeb Alam
|-
|Doorangal Thedi
|[[Archana 31 Not Out]]
|[[Rajat Prakash]]
|Tessa Chavara
|
|-
|Kannil Minnum Mandaaram
| rowspan="2" |[[Meppadiyan]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Rahul Subramaniyan]]
|Karthik, [[Nithya Mammen]]
|
|-
|Mele Vaanil
|Vijay Yesudas
|
|-
|Swapnadoorame
| rowspan="4" |[[Radhe Shyam]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Justin Prabhakaran]]
|Sathya Prakash
|
|-
|Malarodu Saayame
|[[Sooraj Santhosh]]
|
|-
|Ninnale Ninnale
|[[Anurag Kulkarni]], [[Shweta Pandit]]
|
|-
|Kaanaakkare
|Nihas Saidq, Harini Ivaturi
|
|-
|Sundarippenne
| rowspan="2" |Lal Jose
| rowspan="2" |[[Binesh Mani]]
|Sid Sriram
|
|-
|Kannum Kannum
|Vijay Yesudas
|
|-
|Theeyaanu Chankathu
|[[Pathrosinte Padappukal]]
|[[Jakes Bejoy]]
|[[Kapil Kapilan]]
|
|-
|Padakalunare
| rowspan="3" |[[Panthrandu]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Alphons Joseph]]
|Alphons Joseph
|
|-
|Vaanathiril
|[[Shahabaz Aman]]
|
|-
|Thuzhayumo
|Alphons Joseph
|
|-
|Pularaan Marannu
|[[Kaduva]]
|[[Jakes Bejoy]]
|Jakes Bejoy
|
|-
|Maarivilthoovale
|[[Ullasam (2022 film)|Ullasam]]
|[[Shaan Rahman]]
|Harib Hussain, Sanah Moidutty
|
|-
|Pakalo Kaanaathe
|[[Saudi Vellakka]]
|Palee Francis
|Job Kurien
|
|-
|Panthumaay Doore
|[[Aanapparambile World Cup]]
|[[Jakes Bejoy]]
|Sailakshmi, Sreehari, Akshith, Richu
|
|-
|Madhurajeevaraagam
| rowspan="5" |[[Sundari Gardens]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Alphons Joseph]]
|[[Mridula Warrier]]
|
|-
|Maayamoham
|Alphons Joseph, [[Sithara (singer)]]
|
|-
|Paaduvaan
|Alphons Joseph, Mridula Warrier
|
|-
|Naal Haritham
|[[Alphons Joseph]]
|
|-
|Sooryaamsame
|[[Mridula Warrier]]
|
|-
|Nilaathumbi Nee
|[[Saturday Night (2022 film)|Saturday Night]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Jakes Bejoy]]
|Vijay Yesudas
|
|-
|Mandarappoove
|[[Kumari (2022 film)|Kumari]]
|Aavani Malhar
|
|-
|Enthaada Saji
|[[Enthada Saji]]
|Jakes Bejoy
|Motion Title Poster track
|-
|Cheranaadu
|[[Paper Rocket]]
|[[Simon K. King]]
|Ramya Nambessan
|Co-writer: Ku. Karthick
|-
| rowspan="13" |2023
|Maayunnuvo
| rowspan="2" |[[Janaki Jaane]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Sibi Mathew Alex]]
|Sooraj Santhosh
|
|-
|Novaathe
|
|
|-
|Minnal Minnane
| rowspan="5" | [[2018 (film)|2018 - Everyone Is A Hero]]
|William Francis
|[[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|
|-
|Venmegham
| rowspan="4" |[[Nobin Paul]]
|KS Harishankar
|
|-
|Innithile
|[[Ezma Nobin]]
|
|-
|Uyiraay Maarave
|
|
|-
|Udayam
|
|
|-
|Kalapakkaara
| rowspan="2" |[[King of Kotha]]
| rowspan="2" |Jakes Bejoy
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-28 |title='Kalapakkaara' song from Dulquer Salmaan's 'King Of Kotha' out! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kalapakkaara-song-from-dulquer-salmaans-king-of-kotha-out/articleshow/102208120.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-19 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|Kotha Bharikkunna
|Jakes Bejoy
|
|-
|Kannil Njano
| rowspan="3" |Chitta
| rowspan="2" |[[Dhibu Ninan Thomas]]
|[[Haricharan]], [[Chinmayi Sripaada]]
|
|-
|Theera Swaasame
|[[Benny Dayal]]
|
|-
|Ariyanila
|[[Santhosh Narayanan]]
|[[Aditya Ravindran]]
|
|-
|Silayaay
|Aval Peyar Devayani
|Aby Tom Cyriac
|
|
|-
| rowspan="14" |2024
|Oru Naaloru Naal
|Malayali From India
|Jakes Bejoy
|KS Harishankar
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |Mandaarappoovum
|Abhirami
| rowspan="2" |Sibu Sukmaran
|Sachin Warrier, Nithya Mammen
|
|-
|Mazhavillin
|Sanah Moidutty
|
|-
|Naayo Nariyo
| rowspan="2" |Checkmate
| rowspan="2" |Ratish Sekhar
|KS Harishankar, Keerthana Vijay Ratish Sekhar
|
|-
|Moolokam
|Ratish Sekhar
|
|-
|Ullaasam
| rowspan="8" |[[Saripodhaa Sanivaaram|Surya's Saturday]]
| rowspan="8" |Jakes Bejoy
|Devanand Sp, [[Sruthy Sivadas]]
|
|-
|Sa Ri Ma Pa
|[[Najim Arshad]]
|
|-
|Puliyaa
|
|
|-
|Vaarilam Raagam
|
|
|-
|Dimbhaka
|
|
|-
|Idi Garjjana
|
|
|-
|Yudhathinu
|
|
|-
|Iravukal
|
|
|-
|Arumakkili
|[[Hello Mummy]]
|Jakes Bejoy
|[[Sujatha Mohan]]
|
|}

== Non-Film Songs ==
{| class="wikitable"
! No
! Year
! Song
! Album / Single
! Composer
! Singers
|-
|1
|2016
|Kannodu Kannil
|Veruthe
|Roby Abraham
|[[Madonna Sebastian]]
|-
|2
| rowspan="3" |2017
|Oru neram
| rowspan="2" |Kadalassu Thoni
| rowspan="2" |Aby Tom Cyriac
|Afzal Yusuff, Roopa Revathi
|-
|3
|Thenoliyumaay
|[[Roopa Revathi]]
|-
|4
|Madhumozhi
|Madhumozhi
|Appu John
|[[Najim Arshad]]
|-
|5
| rowspan="3" |2018
|Kaarmukile
|December
|Hariprasad
|Hariprasad
|-
|6
|Doore Doore
|Harsham
|Syamdas
|Sanoop Kumar
|-
|7
|Unaroo Keralame
|Unaroo
|Joby Mackolil
|Vidhu Prathap, Zonobia Safar
|-
|8
| rowspan="2" |2019
|Thirayum Manalum
|Café Love
|Aby Tom Cyriac
|Thaha Kolpad, Neerada Sheen
|-
|9
|Maayunnuvo
|November
|Aby Tom Cyriac
|[[Afzal Yusuf]]
|-
|10
| rowspan="5" |2020
|Kannadikkaade
|Namma Kanath
|Afzal Yusuf
|[[Sooraj Santhosh]]
|-
|11
|Kaathil Veezhum
|Kaathil Veezhum
|K J Jomon
|[[Mithun Jayaraj]]
|-
|12
|Chithram
|Chithram
|Appu John
|Najim Arshad
|-
|13
|Paalnilaavil
|Mazhayil
|Nithin George
|Nithin George
|-
|14
|Aaru Nee
|Rithu
|Prithviraj MR
|Sudeep Palanad, Beena Liboy
|-
|15
|2021
|Neeyaam
|Neeyaam Nizhalil
|Jubair Muhammed
|Varshith Radhakrishnan
|-
|16
| rowspan="3" |2022
|Kaanaakkinaavin
|Paathi
|Jubair Muhammed
|Harib Hussain
|-
|17
|Thaniye
|Sameera
|Hesham Abdul Wahab
|[[Hesham Abdul Wahab]]
|-
|18
|Kannoram
|Himalayan Love Story
|Varun Krrishna
|Naresh Iyer
|}

== Devotional Songs ==
{| class="wikitable"
! No
! Year
! Song
! Album / Single
! Composer
! Singers
|-
|1
| rowspan="5" |2007
|Thiruhridayam
| rowspan="5" |Ennennum Yesuvinte
|Joe Paul
|Madhu Balakrishnan
|-
|2
|Eden Vaniyil
|Soby Chacko
|Sujatha Mohan
|-
|3
|Ente Yesuvin
|Joe Paul
|Kester
|-
|4
|Onnunarnnu Njaan
|Appu John
|Karthik
|-
|5
|Ente Yesuvin
|Joe Paul
|Swetha Mohan
|-
|6
| rowspan="11" |2011
|Kroositharoopam
| rowspan="11" |Manassu
|Joe Paul
|Anju Joseph
|-
|7
|Eeso Ennum
|Joe Paul
|Joe Paul
|-
|8
|Sukhamakkoo
|Soby Chacko
|Sikha Nair
|-
|9
|Nee Niraamayan
|Appu John
|Neha Nair
|-
|10
|Eesoye
|Soby Chacko
|Suchith Suresan
|-
|11
|Kroositharoopam
|Joe Paul
|Joe Paul
|-
|12
|Eeso Ennum
|Joe Paul
|Megha Jacob
|-
|13
|Pithaave
|Joe Paul
|Nitin Raj
|-
|14
|Munthirichedi
|Soby Chacko
|Amal Antony
|-
|15
|Eesoye
|Soby Chacko
|Bhadra Rajin
|-
|16
|Udayasooryane
|Appu John
|Arun Alat
|-
|17
|2013
|Enne Ariyunna
|Single
|Appu John
|Najim Arshad
|-
|18
|2017
|Neehaara Raavu
|Single
|Jafeth Jose
|Jafeth Jose
|-
|19
|2019
|Swarggam Kaviyukayaay
|Single
|Joby Mackolil
|Tojo Varghese, Sreya Jayadeep
|-
|20
|2021
|Mizhikalaavolam
|Single
|Joby Mackolil
|Tojo Varghese, Sreya Jayadeep
|}

== Awards ==

=== [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]] ===

* 2024 - IIFA Award for the best lyrics (Malayalam) - [[2018 (film)|2018]] - "Venmegham", "Uyiraay" <ref>{{Cite web |title=IIFA Awards: 'Jailer', 'Dasara', '2018: Everyone is a Hero', 'Kaatera' win 'Best Picture' |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/09/28/iifa-awards-best-picture-actor-actress-award-tamil-malayalam-telugu-kannada.html |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|9612963}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paul, Joe}}
[[Category:Indian lyricists]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language lyricists]]
[[Category:University of Minnesota alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]

Basudeb Dasgupta (physicist)

2026-02-03T23:38:59Z

Robertoson: started some entry initial version - done

{{Short description|Indian physicist}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Basudeb Dasgupta
| fields = [[Physics]]
| workplaces = [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] [[International Centre for Theoretical Physics]] [[Ohio State University]] [[Max Planck Institute for Physics]]
| alma_mater = [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] [[Jadavpur University]]
| doctoral_students =
| known_for =
| awards = [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]] (2022) [[Asian Scientist 100]] (2020) [[ICTP Prize]] (2019)
}}
'''Basudeb Dasgupta''' is an Indian physicist who works on [[neutrino]]s and dark matter. He was awarded the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], the highest science award in India, for the year 2022 in Physical Sciences.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Recipients |url=https://ssbprize.gov.in/WriteReadData/LatestUpdates/202309110115561846131SSBPrize2022Website.pdf |website=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize (SSB) for Science and Technology 2022 |publisher=CSIR Human Resource Development Group, New Delhi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. N. Kalaiselvi, DG, CSIR announces Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for S&T 2022 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1956672 |access-date=23 January 2024 |website=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref> He is also a recipient of the [[ICTP Prize]] for 2019,<ref>{{cite web |title=ICTP Prize Winners 2019 |url=https://www.ictp.it/home/ictp-prize-winners-2019 |website=The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics}}</ref> awarded by the [[International Centre for Theoretical Physics]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-15 |title=From neutrinos and Tb bacteria to quake-resistant buildings: How works of these young scientists have the potential to change the world |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/neutrinos-tb-bacteria-quake-resistant-buildings-young-scientists-8941527/ |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Basudeb Dasgupta |url=https://www.asianscientist.com/scientist/basudeb-dasgupta/ |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=Asian Scientist Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

Dasgupta obtained a Ph.D. (2009) from [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]. He then held postdoctoral positions at [[Max Planck Institute for Physics]], [[Ohio State University]], and at International Centre for Theoretical Physics before joining the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai, where he is currently an associate professor.<ref>{{cite web |title="Prof. Basudeb Dasgupta's Website" |url=https://www.theory.tifr.res.in/~bdasgupta |access-date=23 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the 12 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar awardees for 2022 |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/specials/2023/12/23/meet-the-12-shanti-swarup-bhatnagar-awardees-for-2022.html |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref>

He was listed in the [[Asian Scientist 100]] by ''[[Asian Scientist]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Asian Scientist 100 for the Year 2020 |url=https://www.asianscientist.com/as100/#2020 |access-date=23 January 2024 |website=Asian Scientist 100}}</ref> As a part of the celebration of 75 years of Indian independence, the Government of India published a book featuring Dasgupta as one of the 75 scientists aged under 50 who are "shaping today's India".<ref>{{cite web |title=75 under 50 scientists shaping India |url=https://www.iiserkol.ac.in/media/filer_public/e3/99/e3993d7e-1acb-442f-bcd6-807e42de9968/75under50_ctb_web_3rd_mar_2022.pdf |publisher=Vigyan Prasar, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. ISBN 978-81-7480-376-4}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian physicists]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dasgupta, Basudeb}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]

{{SSBPST recipients in Physical Science|state=expanded}}

{{India-physicist-stub}}

Amko Simko massacre

2026-02-01T23:35:10Z

Robertoson: started a data v1 - done

{{Short description|Massacre in Odisha, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Amko Simko massacre
| image =
| caption =
| location = Amko Simko Field, Simko Village, [[Sundergarh district|Sundargarh]], [[Odisha]]
| target = Crowd of Tribal peasants protesting unfair taxes
| date = {{start date and age |25 April 1939|df=y}}
| type = [[Massacre]]
| fatalities = 49
| injuries = 86
| perp = Rani Janaki Ratna, Lt. E. W. Marger
| assailants = [[British Indian Army]]
| motive = To arrest tribal leader [[Nirmal Munda]]
}}

The '''Amko Simko massacre''' or Amco Simco firing took place on 25 April 1939, when Lt. E. W. Marger ordered troops of the [[British Indian Army]] to open fire on a crowd of tribal peasants resisting the arrest of their leader [[Nirmal Munda]] in Simko village, [[Gangpur State|Gangpur estate]] (now [[Biramitrapur|Birmitrapur]], [[Sundergarh district|Sundergarh]], [[Odisha]]).<ref name="saritadas">{{cite thesis|last=Das|first=Sarita|title=Emergence of political leadership in Sundargarh |publisher=Sambalpur University|date=2007|chapter=Chapter IV - Freedom Movement in Sundargarh|chapter-url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/187203/9/09_chapter%204.pdf}}</ref><ref name="osm">{{cite journal |last1=Mishra |first1=Umakanta |last2=Behari |first2=Shibanarayan |last3=Behera |first3=Anam |last4=Kumar Panda |first4=Dr. Soroja |last5=Mohanty |first5=Bhagyashree|last6=Pradhan|first6=GC|last7=Bhattacharya|first7=Dr. Deepak|last8=Mishra|first8=Dr. Dadhibaman|last9=R. Behera|first9=Puspita|last10=Singh|first10=Brijesh Kumar|last11=Rath|first11=Rabi Sankar|last12=Limma|first12=Dr. Samuel|last13=Jena|first13=Chitta Ranjan|date=2019|title=Tribal Freedom Fighters of Odisha|url=http://odishamuseum.nic.in/sites/default/files/LVIII%201&2%20NIC.pdf|journal=The Odisha Historical Research Journal |volume=LVIII|page=127|publisher=Dr. Jayanti Rath, Superintendent of Museum|location=[[Odisha State Museum|Odisha State Museum, Bhubaneswar]]}}</ref><ref name="odg">{{cite report |title=Odisha District Gazetteers Sundargarh |publisher=Gopabandhu Academy of Administration (Gazetteers Unit) General Administration Department Government of Odisha |url=http://www.gopabandhuacademy.gov.in/sites/default/files/gazetter/Sundargarh_Gazetteer.pdf |author=Dr Taradatt}}</ref><ref name="ett">{{cite web |url=https://www.etribaltribune.com/index.php/volume-2/mv2i8/simko-genocide-a-testimony-of-tribal-protest|title=Simko Genocide A Testimony of Tribal Protest|last=Das|first=Kailash Chandra|publisher=The Tribal Tribune|date=2018|website=ETribalTribune}}</ref><ref name="telegraph">{{cite news| last= Mohanty| first=Subrat| date=27 April 2011| title=When they braved bullets - Local residents pay homage to martyrs who lost their lives in the Amco-Simco massacre| url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/when-they-braved-bullets-local-residents-pay-homage-to-martyrs-who-lost-their-lives-in-the-amco-simco-massacre/cid/408603| location=[[Sambalpur]]| quote= 'The Jalianwalabagh bloodbath has received wide recognition in the history but the Amco-Simco massacre has not got a proper place even in history books,' said Kujur. Ashok Pradhan, an intellectual and Sambalpur resident, said: 'Hundreds of people had died in this incident. It is unfortunate that sacrifice of these people is gradually being forgotten.'}}</ref><ref name="fbekka">{{cite AV media| people=Surjit Minj, Student (Interviewer) & Fabianus Ekka, Amko villager (Interviewee) | date=4 October 2021 | title=Amko-Simko | type=Videotape|language=Sadri | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4M4oeaTxCg | publisher=Fr Albert Xess}}</ref><ref name="jagran">{{cite news |author=Jagran |date=25 April 2020 |title=सादगी के साथ याद किए गए आमको सिमको शहीद |trans-title=Aamko Simco martyrs remembered with simplicity |url=https://www.jagran.com/odisha/rourkela-aamko-simko-martyrtom-day-rourkela-20222118.html|language=hi |location=[[Biramitrapur]]| publisher=[[Jagran Prakashan Limited|Jagran]]}}</ref><ref name="tbz">{{cite news |last=Kullu |first=Ajit Kumar |date=20 August 2020 |title=Amko Simko A Khadia song on the Amko-Simko Massacre of Adivasis |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tHSKGNvTQ8|language=en, Kharia|via=YouTube}}{{dead YouTube link|date=October 2024}}</ref>

On Tuesday, 25 April 1939, a crowd of tribal peasants had gathered under the leadership of Nirmal Munda (a freedom fighter) at Amko-Simko field. The crowd was protesting high taxes and denied land rights. Rani Janaki arrived at Simko village with a political agent, Lieutenant E. W. Marger, with the sole intent to arrest Nirmal Munda on the grounds of holding seditious meetings and assaulting a village ''chowkidar''. The crowd was warned to hand over their leader, Nirmal Munda, and disperse. However, the crowd of tribals armed with ''lathis'', axes, and other crude weapons resisted the arrest of their leader. Consequently, scuffles broke out and the police resorted to firing their weapons.<ref name="osm"/><ref name="jstor">{{cite journal|last=Mishra|first=Kishore Chandra|title=Prajamandal Movements in the Feudatory States of Western Orissa|date=2008|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44147218|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=69|page=548|publisher=Indian History Congress|jstor=44147218}}</ref><ref name="fbekka"/><ref name="jagran"/>

After they fired their weapons into the crowd, Nirmal Munda and his associates were arrested and jailed. This marked the end of the Munda agitation in Gangpur against the exorbitant taxes.

== History ==
The term ''"Khunt"'' means lineage and ''"Katti"'' means the reclaimers.<ref name="saritadas"/> The '''''Khuntkatti''''' is a customary institution of the [[Munda people|Munda tribe]].<ref name="saritadas" /> This age-old system is found among the Mundas of [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Chhotangpur]] region. It provides collective ownership of land among families or lineage of the same ''killi'' (clan) inside the tribe.<ref name="Srivastava2013">{{cite journal|last=Srivastava|first=Mukesh Kumar|date=2013|title=Mundari Khuntkatti: An Institution of Customary Right over Land|url=https://web.a.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=0972558X&AN=95374098&h=HN%2bTDjwe0fyLERboDxo9rthINMqJudWRP7JF5fDtwNtaPpCVXJNIjfQpiT3Tpbvwrhesd9o3mYBObqkClfgmhw%3d%3d&crl=c&resultNs=AdminWebAuth&resultLocal=ErrCrlNotAuth&crlhashurl=login.aspx%3fdirect%3dtrue%26profile%3dehost%26scope%3dsite%26authtype%3dcrawler%26jrnl%3d0972558X%26AN%3d95374098|journal=Mundari Khuntkatti|volume=13|issue=2|pages=267–280|publisher=Oriental Anthropologists, Sage Publications Inc.}}</ref> It gives the original settlers the ownership of land, water and forests.<ref name="saritadas" />

In 1765, [[Mughal Empire|Mughal Emperor]] [[Shah Alam II]] assigned the Diwani or revenue administration of [[Bengal]], [[Bihar]] and [[Odisha|Orissa]] to the [[East India Company]].<ref name="saritadas"/> The Chhotanagpur region, thus, came under [[Company rule in India|Company rule]] and subsequently [[British Raj]].<ref name="balmukund">{{cite book |last=Virottam|first=Balmukund|date=1969|title=The Nagbanshis & The Cheros|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.119550|publisher=Munshi Ram Maanohar Lal, Delhi}}</ref> The new [[British Raj|colonial government]] created laws that placed taxes on lands that had been cultivated by tribals for generations and reduced the Khuntkattidars to tenants of these lands, contrary to the Khuntkatti tradition where tribes were the owners of their lands.<ref name="Srivastava2013" /> This was followed by a series of tribal rebellions allover the Chhotanagpur region, starting from the [[Tilka Manjhi]] revolt of 1784.<ref name="saritadas"/> [[Gangpur State]] came under the [[Chota Nagpur Tributary States|Chotanagpur states]] and was composed mostly of Munda and [[Kurukh people|Oraon]] tribals.<ref name="ett" /> The Mundas of [[Gangpur State|Gangpur]] claimed and demanded Khuntkatti rights.<ref name="Srivastava2013" /> Decades of uprisings and rebellions across Chhotanagpur forced the [[British Raj|British government]] to pass the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act, 1908 which recognized and safeguarded the Mundari Khuntkatti system.<ref name="Srivastava2013" />

The ''zamindari'' was land revenue system introduced by the British government which collected revenue from peasants through agents called zamindars.<ref name="odg" /> These zamindars were made owners of the land cultivated by peasants and were given the permission to collect tax or revenue from the peasants.<ref name="osm" />

== Before the massacre ==
The Munda ryots (tenants) of Dahijira village did not pay rent and others supported them.<ref name="osm"/><ref name="ett"/> In September 1935, the Mundas filed a petition with the agent to the Governor General protesting the exorbitant rates of rent. The refractory Mundas also filed several petitions before the Viceroy.<ref name="ett"/><ref name="saritadas"/> Meanwhile, the local government was trying to pacify the rebels of Gangpur. The ''[[Tehsildar]]'' of Gangpur made rounds around the region persuading the tribal peasants to accept the taxes. The ''zamindar'' of Gangpur asked the [[Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chotanagpur and Assam|GEL Church of Ranchi]] to influence the Mundas and stop them from agitation. The GEL Church sent a delegation that visited rebel villages and persuaded the tribal peasants to pay taxes.<ref name="odg"/><ref name="saritadas"/> The queen, Rani Janaki Ratna toured these villages and requested the tribals to pay the taxes. Soon the Munda rebels started boycotting the meetings with the Rani. Eventually all persuasive actions to calm the rebellion failed. The ''zamindar'' resorted to stricter measures to pacify the rebellion. Criminal cases were started against the agitators. Warrants against some agitators with previous crimes were renewed; the lands of agitators were ordered to be confiscated. These measures couldn't stop the agitators, they made covert meetings and gradually Nirmal Munda became an important figure among agitators allover Gangpur.<ref name="ett"/><ref name="saritadas"/>

In 1938, a no-rent campaign spread across Gangpur under the leadership of Nirmal Munda. On 9 February 1939, the Queen convened a meeting at Sergipalli to listen to the grievances of the people and to induce them to make payment. Around four to five thousand people from 30 villages attended and presented a charter of demands. The popular demands included not only restitution of the land rent and forest rights of 1910 settlement but also abolition of “Choukidari Tax” and monopoly on the hides. Total abolition of “Bethi, Bheti, Rasad and Magan” was demanded. The no-rent campaign was strengthened with the help of Christian Mundas, the Oraons and the Hindus of Gangpur. Bahadur Bhagat of Andali Jambahal, Tintush Munda and Yakub Gudia of Dahijira were prominent leaders of this movement.<ref name="saritadas"/><ref name="ett"/> The queen of [[Gangpur State|Gangpur]], '''Rani Janaki Rathna Maharjee''', also known as the ''Regent Rani Saheba'' however refused to accept the Khuntkatti rights of tribals. '''[[Nirmal Munda]]''' of Bartoli village, a [[World War I]] veteran started a no-rent campaign against the British. Along with Bahadur Bhagat, Nirmal organized the Mundas of Gangpur to refuse to pay taxes. The agitation spread among the [[Munda people|Mundas]] and [[Kurukh people|Oraons]] throughout Gangpur in 1938 under the leadership of Nirmal Munda. The same year Nirmal Munda, Mansid Topno, Bhodra Munda went to Ranchi and sent a petition to Governor General [[Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow|Linlithgow]]. A copy of this petition was given to [[Jaipal Singh Munda]], an [[Adivasi]] politician; he met the Governor General and demanded Khuntkatti rights and the remission of taxes. The Governor General summoned Rani Janaki Ratna to Delhi and advised her to resolve the issue peacefully. But the Queen paid no heed to the demands.<ref name="saritadas"/><ref name="ett"/>

== Massacre ==
The Durbar (royal court) of Gangpur was finding the circumstances unfavourable and the situation was likely to aggravate further, the Durbar sought help from the political agent at Sambalpur to suppress the rebels, and requisitioned the State Joint Police Force.<ref name="jstor"/><ref name="ett"/> The political agent and the durbar planned to arrest Nirmal Munda; it was given out that the Rani had accepted the agitators' demands and was going to declare good news at Simko village. On 25 April 1939, Adivasis had gathered in Amko Simko under the leadership of Nirmal Munda.<ref name="saritadas"/><ref name="ett"/> Assistant Political Agent Lt. E. W. Marger and Sub-Divisional Officer of Nagra accompanied with two platoons of troops under a British officer appeared at Amko Simko to arrest Nirmal Munda on charges of holding seditious meetings and assaulting a village chawkidar.<ref name="jstor"/>

<blockquote>"The Rani asked the people, 'Who is Nirmal Munda?' Everybody recognized the evil intention of the Rani and introduced themselves as Nirmal Munda. Later, Lt. Marger proceeded towards Nirmal Munda's house to arrest him; a young boy, Mania Munda, stood at the door to obstruct the Lieutenant. A soldier pushed his bayonet into Mania, who died on the spot."

–Fabianus Ekka, a tribal resident of Amko village.<ref name="fbekka"/><ref name="saritadas"/>
</blockquote>

The hundreds of tribals present at the meeting, armed with crude weapons resisted the arrest of their leader. Consequently, scuffles broke out between the police and the tribals. The police, unable to control the crowd, opened fire upon the agitators killing many and leaving several injured.<ref name="ett"/><ref name="saritadas"/><ref name="osm"/><ref name="odg"/><ref name="jstor"/>

Some bodies were kept in military vans covered with tarpaulins and later, were thrown into the limekiln of Bisra Stone lime factory at Biramitrapur. Some bodies were given a mass burial at Brahmanmara, Birmitrapur. Nirmal Munda and several of his associates were arrested. He was sentenced to six years of imprisonment in Sundargarh and Sambalpur. He was released from jail on 15 August 1947.<ref name="jstor"/><ref name="osm"/>

== Casualties ==
The total number of casualties is disputed. The [[Government of Odisha]] claims that 39 people had died and 50 were left injured.<ref name="osm"/> no-official records say that nearly 50 people had been killed and about 100 were left injured. [[Harekrushna Mahatab|Dr. Mahtab]], a notable leader from [[Odisha]] in the [[Indian independence movement|independence movement]] wrote in his autobiography, 'Sadhanara Pathe', that more than 300 people had died and 82 were injured in the Amko Simko firing.<ref name="saritadas"/><ref name="jstor"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Mahatab|first=Harekrushna|author-link=Harekrushna Mahatab|date=1972|title=ସାଧନାର ପଥେ|trans-title=Sadhanara Pathe|publisher=Katak Shtudentas Shtora|location=Cuttack|page=200|language=or|asin=B0000E77XU}}</ref>

=== Victims ===
There are no official government records specifying the names of victims. The following is a list of victims of the Amko Simko massacre, according to a thesis from [[Sambalpur University]]<ref name="saritadas"/> and the stone tablets placed by local tribals in memory of the victims.<ref>[https://www.jagranimages.com/images/25_04_2019-aamko-simko-village_19166671_115922306.jpg Stone tablets installed by local tribals in memory of Amko-Simko Massacre] Image by Jagran Josh</ref>

==== List of victims ====
42 died on the spot, 4 died in jail and 3 were shot in jungle while fleeing.
{{div col}}
*
{| class="wikitable"
!S. No.
!Name
!Village
|-
|01||Mania Munda||Madhutola
|-
|02||Phulmari Gunani (Kongadi)||Madhutola
|-
|03||Lawdan Munda (Bodra)||Bhalulata
|-
|04||Harun Munda (Lugun)||Simco
|-
|05||Nathaniel Munda (Lugun)||Chanabahal
|-
|06||Martin Munda (Horo)||Khairbahar
|-
|07||Nathaniel Munda (Lugun)||Khairbahar
|-
|08||Christochit Munda (Horo)||Khairbahar
|-
|09||Johan Munda (Dang)||Bartoli
|-
|10||Sudan Munda (Bage)||Bartoli
|-
|11||Anasi Munda (Topno)||Bartoli
|-
|12||Dhanmasi Khadia(Bilung)||Paterpur
|-
|13||Puanuel Oram (Kujur)||Bilaigarh
|-
|14||Khuyun Munda (Surin)||Bilaigarh
|}
*
{| class="wikitable"
!S. No.
!Name
!Village
|-
|15||Ahlad Oram (Toppo)||Dhodibahar
|-
|16||Bhodro Oram (Barwa)||Dhodibahar
|-
|17||Dhuran Oram (Lakra)||Kadobahal
|-
|18||Buchku Oram (Kachhua)||Dukatoli
|-
|19||Jeetu Oram (Lakra)||Bhaghwakhandi
|-
|20||Bhulu Oram (Tirkey)||Dukatoli
|-
|21||Christ Biswas Oram||Jhunmur
|-
|22||Dhanmasi Oram (Dhanwar)||Jhunmur
|-
|23||Mansid Oram (Kindo)||Jhunmur
|-
|24||Daud Oram (Minz)||Jhunmur
|-
|25||Francis Kerketta||Jhunmur
|-
|26||Bano Khadia||Jhunmur
|-
|27||Christotem Jojo||[[Ranchi]]
|-
|28||Christodhan Munda (Bage)||Ghogar
|}
*
{| class="wikitable"
!S. No.
!Name
!Village
|-
|29||Paulus Oram (Dhanwar)||Ghogar
|-
|30||Sadi Munda (Hanuman)||Ghogar
|-
|31||Sukhram Munda (Horo)||Ghogar
|-
|32||Jhari Khadia (Kerketta)||Bilaigarh
|-
|33||Bhutlu Khadia (Indwar)||Ambagaon
|-
|34||Dhuran Oram (Lakra)||Dhodibahar
|-
|35||Manmasi Munda (Bhengra)||Mahuatoli
|-
|36||Nichodim Munda (Surin)||Mahuatoli
|-
|37||Mund Khadia (Dung Dung)||Bilaigarh
|-
|38||Jhankola Bhengra||Ghogar
|-
|39||Gaja Oram (Tirkey)||Baniguini
|-
|40||Samuel Oram (Tirkey)||Rengalbahar
|-
|41||Ohas Munda (Horo)||Gopur
|-
|42||Daud Munda (Bage)||Gopur
|}
*
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Persons who died in Jail
!S. No.
!Name
!Village
|-
|43||Bhawa Oram (Tirkey)||Nuagaon
|-
|44||Khusus Oram||[[Rajgangpur]]
|-
|45||Suleman Munda (Dang)||Jhunumbira
|-
|46||Christonand Munda (Lugun)||Purnapani
|}
*
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Persons who died in jungle
!S. No.
!Name
|-
|47||Jaimasi Munda (Surin)
|-
|48||Jachrias Munda (Soy)
|-
|49||Etwa Munda (Surin)
|}
{{div col end}}

== Aftermath ==
Odia newspapers like ''Samaj'', ''Deshakata'' and ''Nabeen'' condemned the inhuman firing. '''Dhananjay Mohanty''', a Congress worker and freedom fighter from Gangpur put great effort in bringing this incident to limelight.<ref name="ett"/> Some days after the firing, Gandhiji with Kasturba Gandhi and Mahadev Desai were travelling to Calcutta when the train halted at Kalunga station; Dhananjay along with Shashibhushan Panigrahi and Ganesh Singh got into the train and informed Gandhiji in detail about the firing at Amko Simko which greatly shocked Gandhi.<ref name="jstor"/> Dhananjay's effort helped bring this incident to public notice; Jawaharlal Nehru and Laxminarayan Mishra wanted to visit the site of firing but were stopped by the police. Nehru decided to organise a satyagraha against this, but Gandhiji advised Nehru that starting a satyagraha in a [[Orissa Tributary States|Garhjat state]] will be unwise.<ref name="ett"/><ref name="saritadas"/><ref name="jstor"/> The Amko Simko firing and the arrest of Nirmal Munda marked the end of the tribal uprising and the no-rent campaign.<ref name="rklcity">{{cite web |url=http://www.rourkelacity.com/about-rourkela/personalities/dhananjay-mohanty/ |title=Dhananjay Mohanty |author= |website=Rourkelacity |publisher= |quote=He had a role into bringing the Amko – Simko massacre (firing by Britishers to the gathering of the tribal peasants in the year 1939) to the lime light. He was the man who dared to bring this tragic matter the notice of Mahatma Gandhi while Mr. Gandhi was travelling to Kolkata (Calcutta) via Rourkela in train. Consequent upon this the Amko – Simko incident got national coverage.}}</ref>

Nirmal Munda was awarded a ''Tamrapatra'' (bronze plaque) as a freedom fighter by Indira Gandhi in 1972.<ref name="saritadas"/> The Tribals have placed a memorial stone at Simko and every year on 25 April pay their floral tribute to the victims of the massacre. Odisha State government has given the Amko Simko massacre site a tourism status.<ref name="jagran"/> The memorial built at the Simko field is unmaintained and lacks facilities. The local tribals aren't satisfied with this work as this incident is gradually being forgotten and has been left out of history books.<ref name="telegraph"/><ref name="otv">{{cite AV media| people=Flabianu Ekka (Correspondent, Amko-Simko Saheed Committee), Stephen Bilung (Member, Amko-Simko Saheed Committee) | date= 13 November 2019 | title=Tourist Spot Amko-Simko Lacks Facilities For Visitors | type=Television production|language=or | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vh2nL0O1zY| publisher=[[Odisha TV]]| location=Amkco Simco Shaheed Smruti Pitha}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
''Amko Simko Po'dāte'' is a tribal folk song in [[Kharia language|Khadia language]] which describes the massacre in a song.<ref name="tbz"/>

==See also==

* [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]]
* [[Patharighat#Massacre|Patharighat massacre]]
* [[List of massacres in India]]

== Notes ==
There is debate on the issue of whether to treat this incident as an [[Agrarianism|agrarian movement]] or a movement as a part of the [[Indian independence movement]]. The Odisha District Gazetteers mention the Amko Simko firing as an "agrarian agitation which was later eulogized by the Congress leaders as examples of bravery and valiant resistance by the tribals to the oppressive British Raj in order to inspire them to join the freedom movement".<ref name="odg"/>

Due to inconsistent documentation, varying data has been retrieved from sources on the same incident. Some sources mention the political agent's name with different spellings such as E. W. M. Morger. The number of casualties is also unclear as some reports mention the body-count as 28, some mention it as high as 300.<ref name="jstor"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tHSKGNvTQ8 Khadia folk song on Amko-Simko]

{{Indian Independence Movement|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Agrarianism]]
[[Category:Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:1930s in Orissa]]
[[Category:Sundergarh district]]
[[Category:Massacres in India]]
[[Category:20th-century mass murders in India]]
[[Category:Massacres committed by the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1939 in British India]]
[[Category:Protests in British India]]
[[Category:Political repression in British India]]
[[Category:April 1939 in Asia]]
[[Category:1939 mass shootings in Asia]]
[[Category:1939 murders in Asia]]
[[Category:Tax resistance]]
[[Category:Massacres of protesters in India]]
[[Category:Massacres of Indigenous peoples]]
[[Category:Violence against indigenous peoples in Asia]]

R. D. National College

2026-01-20T20:12:24Z

Robertoson: updated

{{Short description|Educational institute in Mumbai, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Rishi Dayaram and Seth Hassaram National College and Seth Wassiamull Assomull Science College
| image = File:RDNC Logo.png
| image_alt = [[File:RDNC Logo.png|Logo of R.D National College]]
| other_names = {{Hlist|R. D. & S. H. National College|National College}}
| former_name = 
| motto = Play The Game
| type = Junior and Degree College
| established = {{Start date and age|1922}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rdnational.edu/ |title=R. D. National College Homepage |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327095641/http://www.rdnational.edu/ |archivedate=2010-03-27 |url-status=dead |accessdate=26 July 2012}}</ref>
| closed = 
| founder = [[K.M. Kundnani]]
| parent = [[Hyderabad (Sind) National Collegiate Board]]
| academic_affiliation = [[University of Mumbai]]
| principal = Neha Jagtiani<ref>{{cite web |title=College Administration |url=http://rdnational.ac.in/#!pages/About/about-college-administration.html |website=R. D. National College |accessdate=8 August 2019}}</ref>
| address = [[Linking Road, Mumbai|Linking Road]], [[Bandra]] (West)
| city = [[Mumbai]]
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| postcode = 400050
| country = India
| coordinates = 
| website = {{URL|www.rdnational.ac.in}}
}}

'''Rishi Dayaram and Seth Hassaram National College and Seth Wassiamull Assomull Science College''', popularly known as '''R. D. National College''', is an education institute on [[Linking Road, Mumbai|Linking Road]] in [[Bandra]], [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is managed by the [[Hyderabad (Sind) National Collegiate Board]] (HSNCB).{{cn|date=April 2025}}

== Notable alumni ==
* [[S. P. Hinduja]], billionaire industrialist<ref name="Publications2003">{{cite book|author=Europa Publications|title=The International Who's Who 2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sR4Ch1dMe8IC&pg=PA733|accessdate=22 May 2016|year=2003|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-1-85743-217-6|page=733}}</ref>
* [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]], actor
* [[Arjun Kanungo]], singer and actor<ref>{{Cite news |last=Daniell |first=Oshin Grace |date=February 3, 2020 |title=Music and acting will have equal importance: Arjun Kanungo |url=https://www.theweek.in/leisure/lifestyle/2020/02/03/music-and-acting-will-have-equal-importance-arjun-kanungo.html |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.rdnational.ac.in/}}
* [https://www.rdnational.net/ Junior College – website]
{{Coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1922]]
[[Category:1922 establishments in India]]
[[Category:R. D. National College]]
[[Category:HSNC Board]]

Shanta

2026-01-18T21:26:26Z

Robertoson: further expanded section to improve readability additionally and cleaned formatting per standard format

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2020}}
{{short description|Wife of Rishyasringa and sister of Rama in epic Ramayana}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| image = Rsyasrnga travels to Ayodhya with Santa.jpg
| caption = Rishyasringa travels to Ayodhya with Shanta
| name = Shanta
| Devanagari =
| Sanskrit_transliteration =
| dynasty =
| father =
| mother =
| spouse = [[Rishyasringa]]
| children =
| affiliation =
| siblings = [[Rama]] [[Chaturanga]] (adoptive brother)
| parents = [[King_Romapada|Romapada]] (adoptive father) [[Vershini]] (adoptive mother) [[Dasharatha]] (Biological father)
[[Kaushalya]] (Biological Mother)
}}

'''Shanta''' ({{Langx|sa|शांता}}), is the princess of [[Anga]] in the Hindu epic ''[[Ramayana]]''. She is the wife of [[Rishyasringa]]. In northern recensions of the epic and later Indian literature, she is regarded as a daughter of King [[Dasharatha ]] and Queen [[Kausalya]], who was later adopted by King [[Romapada]] and Queen [[Vershini]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goldman |first=Robert P. |title=The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1984 |volume=I: Bālakāṇḍa |pages=75|quote=The northern recensions of the epic, and much of later Indian literature, regard Śāntā as actually a daughter of Daśaratha given in adoption to his friend and ally Lomapāda (Romapāda). On the basis of careful textual analysis, Asoke Chatterjee has shown this tradition to be a later invention of the northern redactors, owing its existence to their confusion of the Añga monarch, Daśaratha or Lomapāda, mentioned in several purānic genealogies, with the Kosalan Daśaratha.}}</ref>

==Legend==
Shanta was educated in the [[Vedas]], arts, craft as well as in warfare, and was considered to have been very beautiful. One day, while her father, the king Romapada, was busy in conversation with Shanta, a [[brahmin]] came to ask for help in cultivation in the days of the monsoon. Romapada did not pay attention to the brahmin's plight. This irritated and enraged the brahmin, who left the kingdom. [[Indra]], the god of rain, was unable to bear the insult to his devotee, so there was little rainfall during the monsoon season resulting in drought in the kingdom. Meanwhile, Dasharatha wanted a son to continue his legacy and enrich his royal dynasty. It was advised that the troubles of both kingdoms could only be alleviated by [[Yajna|yajnas]] performed by a brahmin with powers that come from the observance of perfect chastity and that the only such person was Rishyasringa.<ref name=".B. Kanuga"/>

Rishyasringa had been raised by [[Vibhandak Rishi|Vibhandaka]], isolated from society without knowledge of women. He had to be brought to the city and be persuaded to carry out the necessary yajna ceremonies. Despite their fear of the power and anger of Vibhandaka, both kings send young women to introduce the boy to the normal society, then Shanta fulfills this task and Rishyasringa marries Shanta, he then agrees to perform yajna for [[Anga]], during the recitation of it, it rained heavily, the public rejoiced and there were festivals in Anga.<ref name=".B. Kanuga">{{cite book|author=Kanuga, G.B.|title=The Immortal Love of Rama|year=1993|publisher=Yuganter Press|location=New Delhi|pages=48–49|isbn=9781897829509 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHgW9SezCqoC&pg=PA48}}</ref>

Rishyasringa also performed a Putra Kameshthi [[yajna]] for Dasharatha to beget progeny, and as the consequence of the said [[yajna]] [[Rama]], [[Bharata (Ramayana)|Bharata]], and the twins [[Lakshmana]] and [[Shatrughna]] were born.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1bmzkgh |title=The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India, Volume II: Ayodhyakāṇḍa |date=1986 |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref>

==Worship==
In the [[Kullu]] district of [[Himachal Pradesh]] and in the [[Sringeri]] town of [[Karnataka]], there are temples dedicated to Shanta and her husband Rishyasringa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/spiritual/lord-ram-also-had-a-sister-shanta-devi-who-has-a-temple-dedicated-to-her-in-india-article-106920513 |title=Did you know Lord Rama also had a sister? There is a Temple decidated to her and her husband |accessdate=28 January 2024|work=Times Now News}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
[[Zalak Desai]] portrayed Shanta in the 2015 series ''[[Siya Ke Ram]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Siya-Ke-Ram-Everything-you-want-to-know-about-the-show/photostory/49574651.cms|title=StarPlus' Siya Ke Ram: Everything you should know about the show|work=The Times of India|access-date=21 November 2015}}</ref> [[Parvathy Jayaram]] played Shanta in the critically acclaimed Malayalam movie ''[[Vaisali (film)|Vaishali]].''

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Ramayana}}
{{HinduMythology}}

[[Category:Characters in the Ramayana]]
[[Category:Solar dynasty]]

Maral gaon

2026-01-06T23:10:01Z

Robertoson: Started Basic Details First Draft...

{{Short description|Village in Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Maral gaon
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Maral Gaon.jpg
| caption = A road in Maral Gaon
| image_alt = An image of a road in Maral Gaon
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Assam, India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.74|N|93.18|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = Assam
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = Biswanath district
| subdivision_type3 = Sub-Division
| subdivision_name3 = Biswanath
| government_type = Panchayat
| governing_body = Burigang Erabari Gram Panchayat
| population_total = 1,592 <ref name="census2011">{{Cite web |title=PCA(Town Village): Primary census abstract at town, village and ward level |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823073327/https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables |archive-date=23 August 2024 |access-date=23 August 2024 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5.30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 784176
}}
Maral gaon is a [[village]] in the [[Biswanath district]]{{Efn|Sonitpur district was bifurcated to Sonitpur and Biswanath district in 2016.}} of the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Assam]].<ref name="distform">{{cite web |title=Notification of new districts Majuli, Hojai, West karbi Anglong, Charaideo, South Salmara Mankachar and Biswanth |url=https://dlrs.assam.gov.in/sites/default/files/swf_utility_folder/departments/dlr_revenue_uneecopscloud_com_oid_67/menu/document/notification_of_new_districts_majuli_hojai_west_karbi_anglong_charaideo_south_salmara_mankachar_and_biswanth.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201173721/https://dlrs.assam.gov.in/sites/default/files/swf_utility_folder/departments/dlr_revenue_uneecopscloud_com_oid_67/menu/document/notification_of_new_districts_majuli_hojai_west_karbi_anglong_charaideo_south_salmara_mankachar_and_biswanth.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2024 |access-date= |website=Government Of Assam, Revenue & Disaster Management(Directorate of Land Records)}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Detail Report of Biswanath District(Assam) |url=https://lgdirectory.gov.in/districtWiseDetailReport.do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824164734/https://lgdirectory.gov.in/districtWiseDetailReport.do |archive-date=24 August 2024 |access-date=24 August 2024 |website=Local Government Directory {{!}} Government of India }}</ref> It is one of 392 villages within the Biswanath subdivision<ref name=":0" /> and covers an area of 333 [[hectare]]s. The 2011 Census of India indicated that a significant proportion of the village's population belongs to the Scheduled Caste category. Administratively, Maral Gaon falls under the jurisdiction of the Burigang Erabari [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayat]], which is a part of the Biswanath [[Panchayat samiti|Anchalik Panchayat]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2024 |title=Biswanath District |url=https://pnrd.assam.gov.in/sites/default/files/swf_utility_folder/departments/pnrd_uneecopscloud_com_oid_9/menu/document/biswanath_district.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214104236/https://pnrd.assam.gov.in/sites/default/files/swf_utility_folder/departments/pnrd_uneecopscloud_com_oid_9/menu/document/biswanath_district.pdf |archive-date=14 December 2024 |access-date=14 December 2024 |website=Government Of Assam {{!}} Panchayat & Rural Development}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
As of the [[2011 census of India|2011 Census of India]], the village had a population of 1,592, with a [[sex ratio]] of 1002 females per 1000 males. The [[Literacy|literacy rate]] of the village was 82.85%. There were 341 households in the village.

The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Caste]] (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) populations accounted for approximately 57.4% and 0.8% of the total population, respectively.<ref name="census2011" />

== Geography ==
It is geographically located at {{Coord|26.74|N|93.18|E}}. The village covers a total area of 333 hectares. The Permanent Location Code Number (PLCN) assigned to Maral Gaon by the [[2001 census of India|2001]] and 2011 Censuses are 01190400 and 286642, respectively.<ref name="districtcensus">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Sonitpur |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/242/download/618/DH_2011_1807_PART_A_DCHB_SONITPUR.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820143937/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/242/download/618/DH_2011_1807_PART_A_DCHB_SONITPUR.pdf |archive-date=20 August 2024 |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

== Governance ==
Maral Gaon is governed by the Burigang Erabari Gram Panchayat, which itself falls under the Biswanath Anchalik Panchayat. The village belongs to the Biswanath sub-district of the Biswanath district.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
* [[Biswanath Chariali]]
* [[Gelapukhuri]]
* [[Gohpur]]
* [[Sonitpur district]]
* [[Tezpur]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Biswanath district]]

Poonthura

2025-12-10T12:29:49Z

Robertoson: updated details

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Poonthura
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|8|26|25|N|76|56|44|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 695026
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0471
| registration_plate = KL-01
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Trivandrum
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Trivandrum
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Poonthura''' is a suburb of [[Thiruvananthapuram]] the capital of Kerala, India. It is on the landing path of flights to [[Trivandrum Airport|Thiruvananthapuram International Airport]] and is about 5 kilometers from the capital city.

== Poonthura riots ==
The hamlet of Poonthura witnessed several incidents of communal violence as an aftermath of the [[Babri Masjid]] demolition in 1992. The most serious incidents occurred between 19 July and 21 July 1992 and are infamously referred to as the Poonthura riots. The then DGP C Subramaniam was in Chennai without submitting proper leave application whereas the next seniormost officer and then ADGP (Intelligence) [[Jayaram Padikkal]] had not acted.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Police lapses led to Cheriyathura firing |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2009/may/22/police-lapses-led-to-cheriyathura-firing-51140.html |access-date=2022-08-22 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

Trouble was anticipated in Trivandrum, with the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) and its Islamic equivalent, the recently formed Islamic Sevak Sangh (ISS), which was accused of having started the riots in the Kochi region in April 1992, taunting each other with provocative speeches and meetings over events in Ayodhya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statements by Minister |url=https://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lsdeb/ls10/ses4/16280792.htm |access-date=2022-08-22 |website=parliamentofindia.nic.in}}</ref> The tempers spilled onto the streets. Two days of rioting left six dead, 20 injured, and hundreds of businesses and houses looted. The violence was sparked off by reports of ISS activists throwing stones at an RSS drill. Soon there were pitched battles all over the city. The highly politicized police force seemed to be in a stupor. Unfortunately, the Government instruction to only fire in the air was leaked to the rioting groups and hence the looting and rioting happened right in front of police personnel firing in the air. Later, about 100 persons were arrested, but many were released owing to political pressure. The political interference was from one of the constituents of the ruling UDF itself - the [[Indian Union Muslim League]]. The IUML, had been under pressure to break with the UDF over the Ayodhya issue.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 1992 |first=T. N. |last=Gopakumar|title=Communal tremors from Ayodhya hit Kerala |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19920815-communal-tremors-from-ayodhya-hit-kerala-766685-2013-01-02 |access-date=2022-08-22 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==Education==

*[[St. Philomena's Girls High School, Poonthura]]
*St Thomas Higher secondary school, Poonthura

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Poonthura}}
* [http://www.india9.com/i9show/Poonthura-82175.htm About Poonthura]

[[Category:Suburbs of Thiruvananthapuram]]

{{thiruvananthapuram-geo-stub}}

Phephana Assembly constituency

2025-12-01T21:53:19Z

Robertoson: Made a page

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Phephana
| map_image = 360-Phephana.svg
| mla = [[Sangram Singh (politician)|Sangram Singh]]
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Ballia district|Ballia]]
| reservation = None
| type = SLA
| electors = {{formatnum:331153}}
| constituency_no = 360
}}

'''[[Phephna|Phephana]]''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of [[Phephna|Phephana]] in the [[Ballia district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.

[[Phephna|Phephana]] is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Ballia Lok Sabha constituency|Lok Sabha constituency of Ballia]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 360 among 403 constituencies.

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Phephana Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/phephana.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''Till 2012 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Upendra Tiwari]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Sangram Singh (politician)|Sangram Singh Yadav]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Phephana<ref name="election2022"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Sangram Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:92516}}
|percentage = 48.78
|change = {{increase}}20.78
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Upendra Tiwari
|votes = {{formatnum:73162}}
|percentage = 38.57
|change = {{decrease}}0.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Kamaldev Singh Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:14154}}
|percentage = 7.46
|change = {{decrease}}22.03
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Vikassheel Insaan Party
|candidate = Vivek
|votes = {{formatnum:2256}}
|percentage = 1.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Jayendra Pandey
|votes = {{formatnum:2229}}
|percentage = 1.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1117}}
|percentage = 0.59
|change = {{decrease}}0.24
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:19354}}
|percentage = 10.21
|change = {{increase}}0.19
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:189662}}
|percentage = 57.27
|change = {{increase}}0.54
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate '''[[Upendra Tiwari]]''' won in last Assembly election of [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] candidate '''Ambika Choudhary''' by a margin of 17,897 votes.<ref name="election2017">{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/phephana.html|title=Assembly result 2017|website=Elections.in|access-date=2017-08-25}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Phephan<ref name="election2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Upendra Tiwari
|votes = {{formatnum:70588}}
|percentage = 39.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ambika Choudhary
|votes = {{formatnum:52691}}
|percentage = 29.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Sangram Singh Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:50016}}
|percentage = 28.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1473}}
|percentage = 0.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:17897}}
|percentage = 10.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:178647}}
|percentage = 56.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!Scope=col|#
!scope=col|Term
!scope=col|Member of Legislative Assembly
!scope=col|Party
!scope=col|From
!scope=col|To
!scope=col|Days
!scope=col|Comment
|-
| 01|| [[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Vidhan Sabha]] ||rowspan="2"|[[Upendra Tiwari]]||rowspan="2"|[[Bhartiya Janata Party]]|| March 2012 ||March 2017 || 1,829||<ref name="2012 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 2012 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=21 December 2018|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 02|| [[Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|17th Vidhan Sabha]]|| March 2017 ||March 2022 ||{{age in days|2017|03|19}}||<ref name="election2017-1">{{cite web|url=https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2017/UP/10.Detailed%20Results.pdf|title=Uttar Pradesh 2017 Result|website=Election Commission of India|access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 03|| [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly|18th Vidhan Sabha]]||Sangram Singh||[[Samajwadi Party]] || March 2022 ||Incumbent ||{{age in days|2022|03|10}}||<ref name="election2022">{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS24360.htm?ac=360|title=Uttar Pradesh 2022 Result|website=Election Commission of India|access-date=11 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|25.78|84.04|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ballia district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

Queenship of Mary Church, Chintadripet

2025-11-29T08:32:50Z

Robertoson: Made entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{coord|13.0776414|80.2669997|display=title|format=dms}}
'''Queenship of Mary Church''' parish in [[Chintadripet]], [[Chennai]], [[India]], was started in 1904 when it was known as St. Lazarus Church. Earlier, it had been a sub-station of St. Anthony's Church, Pudupet. A new church was built in 1952 with the name Queenship of Mary; it was consecrated on 18, December 1955 by Auxiliary Bishop Francis Arthur Carvalho, of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madras and Mylapore|Madras and Mylapore]]. Under the supervision of Reverend M. V. Jacob, a new church was constructed on 1 October 2003. A grotto was built in commemoration of the centenary celebrations in 2004.

==History==

The Queenship of Mary Church, then known as St. Lazarus Church, with about 2500 members, was erected in [[Chennai|Madras]] (now Chennai), near the [[Ripon Building]] and the [[Corporation of Madras]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Queenship |first=Church |title=Church Website |url=http://queenshipofmarychurch.webs.com/ |work=Religion |publisher=Ritchie |access-date=16 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702181420/http://queenshipofmarychurch.webs.com/ |archive-date=2 July 2013 }}</ref>

Originally, St. Lazarus was not meant to be a parish church. It was a chapel attached to St. Anthony's Church of Pudupet. The earliest references to this church, as a separate ecclesiastical unit, are from 1904, when it was raised to the status of a parochial church with the parish priest residing in Pudupet.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}}

On the transfer of the spiritual jurisdiction in 1929 and division of Madras by the river Cooum, Madras and Mylapore became like two different cities. The churches on the eastern bank of the river were to be taken over by the Mylapore Diocese and those on the western side from part of the Archdiocese of Madras. While therefore Mylapore handed over one of the best city churches, Sacred Heart of Egmore, Mylapore got in return St. Lazarus of Chintadripet with St. Antony's of Narasingapuram, located on Ritchie's Street, close to Mount Road.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}}

There were two St. Lazarus Churches, within the city. One in Mylapore close to Mae de Deus Church (the name Madras is derived from the name of this church), and the other in the slum area of Chintadripet.<ref>{{cite book|last=History of the Archdiocese of Madras Mylapore|first=An Outline|title=Chintadripet|year=1986|publisher=Arulappa|location=Chennai|pages=248}}</ref> It is unknown why there were two churches in Madras dedicated to St. Lazarus. It is possible that a sense of rivalry brought into existence the St. Lazarus of Chintadripet, while the older one (which had grown in fame as a shrine where devotees flocked and still do come round every Tuesday) that one in Mylapore, as it is stated elsewhere, it may safely be assumed that it is now more than three centuries old, while that in Chintadripet is comparatively younger, having been built at the earliest in 1904.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}}

As far as historical data go, owing to the absence of records, the origin and the early history of St. Lazarus Chintadripet is unknown. However, there is a strong tradition that [[St. Francis Xavier]] visited this parish.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}}

=== Re-dedication ===

Originally this parish was dedicated to St. Lazarus, after the [[Second Vatican Council]], it was rededicated to the Queenship of Mary on 18 December 1955{{Clarify|date=January 2013|reason=This chronology doesn't work.}}, on the recommendations of the [[Sacred Congregation of Rites]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Madras-Mylapore|first=Archdiocese|title=Directory|year=2009|publisher=Charles Kumar|location=Chennai|pages=86}}</ref>

=== Revelation of Our Lady ===

The Most Holy and Miraculous Mother of Chintadripet is said to have revealed herself to a poor Hindu lady, Mrs. Devi, who lived in the slum adjacent to the church, at 11:00 am, on 14 August 2007.<ref>{{cite web|title=Revelation of Our Lady|url=http://queenshipofmarychurch.webs.com/ourladysrevelation.htm|publisher=Queenship Church|access-date=16 April 2012}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Portal|India|Christianity}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130702181420/http://queenshipofmarychurch.webs.com/ Church web site]

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Places of worship in Chennai}}

[[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Chennai]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Tamil Nadu]]

Pativrata

2025-11-19T11:10:43Z

Robertoson:

{{Short description|Concept of husband fidelity in Hinduism}}
{{For|the 1965 Indian film|Pathivratha}}
[[File:Savitri, Satyavan & Yama by M. V. Dhurandhar 1924.jpg|thumb|[[Savitri and Satyavan|Savitri]] is described as an ideal ''pativrata'', depicted here rescuing her husband Satyavan's life from the god of death, [[Yama (Hinduism)|Yama]].]]
'''Pativrata''' ({{Langx|sa|पतिव्रता|lit=husband vow|translit=Pativratā}}) is a term used in [[Hinduism]] to refer to the conjugal fidelity of a woman towards her husband. It also refers to the term used to refer to a married woman who is faithful and dutiful to her husband.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2017-05-01 |title=Pativrata, Pativratā, Pati-vrata: 17 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/pativrata |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

Hindus generally believe that when a wife is devoted to her husband and serves his needs, she brings prosperity and well-being to her family.

== Etymology ==
Pativrata literally means a virtuous wife who has made a vow (''[[vrata]]'') to her husband (''pati'') of her devotion and protection.

== Beliefs ==
A pativrata is described to listen to her husband and act accordingly to his needs. A pativrata is regarded to protect her husband in two ways. Firstly, she attends to his personal needs and encourages him to do his duty (''[[dharma]]''). Secondly, she undertakes various rituals and fasts to please the [[Hindu deities|deities]], hoping that they would protect her husband from harm and grant him a long life.<ref>Sati, the Blessing and the Curse: The Burning of Wives in India, by John Stratton Hawley</ref>

[[Sati (Hindu goddess)|Sati]] is often used as a synonym for a pativrata - one who preserves her purity ([[sattva]]) - physically, mentally, and emotionally. It is also used to denote a woman who [[Sati (practice)|immolates herself]] on the funeral pyre of her dead husband.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Pativrata |url=https://www.baps.org/Article/2011/The-Pativrata-2245.aspx |website=BAPS |accessdate=8 November 2020}}</ref>

== Literature ==
{{Hinduism}}
The pativrata of a wife towards her husband is a recurring theme in [[Hindu texts|Hindu literature]], and occurs in various legends of [[Hindu mythology]]. It is a concept that is usually portrayed to be a powerful factor that protects a woman's husband from curses, death, and any ill-omens that threaten his well-being.

The [[Ramayana]] features [[Sita]], whose pativrata to her husband, [[Rama]], is described throughout the epic. Sita does not hesitate to spend fourteen years of exile that Rama is ordered to undertake in the forest, giving up all of her earthly comforts to fulfil her duty to him. She does not experience any fear when she is abducted by [[Ravana]], and remains faithful to her husband throughout her captivity. In the Uttara Kanda, she does not question the [[Agnipravesham|agnipariksha]] when she is asked to prove her chastity to Rama due to the demands of the common people to do so.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Tripāṭhī |first1=Candrabalī |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lptUQEU1GWcC&dq=sita+patnivrata&pg=PA126 |title=The Evolution of Ideals of Womenhood in Indian Society |last2=Mani |first2=Chandra Mauli |date=2005 |publisher=Gyan Books |isbn=978-81-7835-425-5 |pages=126 |language=en}}</ref>

The legend of [[Savitri and Satyavan]] of the [[Mahabharata]] is often stated to exemplify the concept of a pativrata, where the devotion of a princess named Savitri towards her husband, Satyavan, saves him from his predestined early demise from the god of death himself.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Sisir Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&dq=savitri+satyavan&pg=PA129 |title=A History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy |date=2005 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-7201-798-9 |pages=129 |language=en}}</ref>

According to the [[Brahmanda Purana]], while Sage [[Mandavya]] was punished by impalement due to being mistaken for an accomplice in a theft, [[Ugrashravas]], the husband of a devoted wife named Shilavati, wished to visit the house of his favourite prostitute. Shilavati agreed to carry him to her house. When the couple came across Mandavya, the latter understood the man's intentions, and cursed him to die before the next sunrise. Horrified, Shilavati, with her piety, ensured that [[Surya]], the sun god, would not rise the next dawn. Since this led to universal chaos, the [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]] approached [[Anasuya]], who convinced Shilavati to have the sun rise again.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krishna |first=Nanditha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DF_af8_547EC&dq=ani+mandavya+sunrise&pg=PT140 |title=Sacred Animals of India |date=2014-05-01 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-81-8475-182-6 |pages=140 |language=en}}</ref>

== Religious practices ==
The [[Varalakshmi Vratam]] refers to a Hindu observance in which married Hindu women in [[South India]] offer their prayers to the goddess [[Lakshmi]] for a prosperous marriage and the continued health of their husbands. The [[Karva Chauth]] is a similar observance held in [[North India]] when women pray for the longevity of their husbands.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Monger |first=George P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=avDXAQAAQBAJ&dq=karva+chauth+varalakshmi+vratam&pg=PA399 |title=Marriage Customs of the World: An Encyclopedia of Dating Customs and Wedding Traditions, 2nd Edition [2 volumes] |date=2013-04-09 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-664-5 |pages=399 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Savitri Brata|Savitri Vrata]] is a fast undertaken by women to pray for the long lives of their husbands in certain regions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raman |first=Sita Anantha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KwKrCQAAQBAJ&dq=savitri+vrata+husband&pg=PA56 |title=Women in India: A Social and Cultural History [2 volumes]: A Social and Cultural History |date=2009-06-08 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-01440-6 |pages=56 |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
{{col div|colwidth=15em}}
*[[Karva Chauth]]
*[[Pati (title)]]
*[[Sunulembi]]
*[[Varalakshmi Vratam]]
*[[Ekapatnivrata]]
*[[Pati Parmeshwar and Majazi Khuda]]
{{Colend}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Marriage in Hinduism]]
[[Category:Vrata]]
[[Category:Marriage in India]]
[[Category:Spouses]]
[[Category:Husbands]]
[[Category:Wives]]
[[Category:Women in India]]

Jaswant Singh of Alirajpur

2025-11-13T21:37:11Z

Robertoson: New

{{Short description|Rana of Alirajpur from 1818 to 1862}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{infobox royalty
| name = Rana Jaswant Singh
| title = [[Rana (title)|Rana]]
| succession = [[Rana (title)|Rana]] of [[Alirajpur State|Alirajpur]]
| reign = 1818 – 1862
| predecessor = Rana Pratap Singh
| successor = Rana [[Ganga Deo]]
| birth_date = 1818
| death_date = 17 March 1862
| spouse = Umaid Kanwarji
| issue = {{Unbulleted list
| [[Ganga Deo]]
| [[Rup Deo]]
}}
| house = {{flagicon image|Drapeau_AliRajpur.png}} [[Alirajpur State|Alirajpur]]
| father = Rana Pratap Singh
| dynasty = [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]]
}}

'''Rana Jaswant Singh''' was the [[Rana (title)|Rathore-Rajput]] ruler of one of its early sub-clan of [[Alirajpur State]] from the year 1818 until his death in 1862.He was succeeded by his two sons one after the other and Rana Rup Deo's death marked the end to the continued line of succession from late 16th century.

== Birth ==
Jaswant Singh was born [[Posthumous birth|posthumously]] in 1818 to Pratap Singh I.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=Central |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1_4bAQAAIAAJ |title=The Central India State Gazetteer Series |date=1908 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |pages=599 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Bond |first=J. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC |title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey |last2=Wright |first2=Arnold |date=2006 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-1965-4 |pages=777 |language=en}}</ref>

== Reign ==
His accession was opposed by Kesari Singh Sachan, a nephew of his father.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Superintendent Of Government Printing Calcutta |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.280278/ |title=Imperial Gazetteer Of Central India |date=1908 |pages=337–340}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Mauji |first=Purushottama Viṣrama |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.03015/ |title=Imperial Durbar Album |date=1911 |publisher=Lakshmi Arts, Bombay |pages=102–105}}</ref> British authorities, however, supported Jaswant's case.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> They appointed Musafir Makrani, who had been controlling the affairs of [[Alirajpur State|Alirajpur]] since 1817, as Manager of the State to manage state affairs until Jaswant came of age.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Indian Government |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.69363/ |title=Rulers Leading Families And Officials In The States Of Central India Edition Fifth 1935 |date=1935 |pages=161}}</ref>

== Death and aftermath ==
He died on 17 March 1862.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Department |first=India Foreign and Political |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VM4NAAAAIAAJ |title=A Collection of Treaties, Engagements, and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries |date=1893 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India |pages=434–435 |language=en}}</ref> He left behind a will by which the State was to be divided equally between his sons, [[Ganga Deo]] and Rup Deo.<ref name=":2" /> The [[British government of India|Government of India]], after consulting the neighbouring chiefs, set aside the will and decided that [[Ganga Deo]], his eldest son, would succeed him as Rana of [[Alirajpur State|Alirajpur]] and made suitable provisions for [[Rup Deo]], his youngest son.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:1818 births]]
[[Category:1862 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:People from British India]]
[[Category:Child monarchs from Asia]]

M/S R.M.D.C. (Mysore) v. State of Mysore

2025-11-06T05:19:15Z

Robertoson: Started First Pg Nd Citations...

{{Short description|Supreme Court judgment}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{no footnotes|date=September 2019}}
{{Orphan|date=July 2016}}
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}

{{Infobox court case
|name = M/S R.M.D.C (Mysore) Private Ltd. v. State of Mysore
|court = [[Supreme Court of India]]
|image =
|imagesize =
|imagelink =
|imagealt =
|caption =
|full name = M/S R.M.D.C (Mysore) Private Ltd. v. State of Mysore
|date decided = 1961
|citations = AIR 1962 SC 594
|ECLI =
|transcripts =
|judges =
|number of judges =
|decision by =
|concurring =
|dissenting =
|concur/dissent =
|prior actions =
|appealed from =
|appealed to =
|subsequent actions =
|related actions =
|opinions =
|keywords = 
|italic title =
}}

'''''M/S R.M.D.C (Mysore) v. State of Mysore''''', (AIR 1962 SC 594) was a judgment of the [[Supreme Court of India]], dealing with [[constitutional law]], where the Court utilized the [[Doctrine of colourability|doctrine of colourable legislation]]. This is a landmark case on [[Centre-States relations in India]], and was decided in favor of the erstwhile State of Mysore. This case dealt with issues of conflict between the States and Union regarding legislative competence. It further held that surrender of [[Federalism in India|legislative competence]] by a state to the Union under [https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1294039/ article 252(2)] of the [[Constitution of India|Indian Constitution]] does not amount to surrender of powers of taxation.

== Background and Facts ==
The appellants, M/S R.M.D.C., were conducting their business in [[Mysore State|Mysore]], since August, 1948, under the head of "prize competitions". They were governed by the Mysore Lotteries and Prize Competitions Control and Tax Act, 1951. Following an appeal from various states to the Union under [https://indiankanoon.org/doc/667558/ article 252] of the Indian Constitution, a Central Legislation was passed called the [https://indiankanoon.org/doc/654270/ Prize Competitions Act, 1955.] The State of Mysore, among other states, adopted this act, thereby assenting to the Union's exclusive jurisdiction over control of prize competitions. However, it later passed an ordinance amending certain provisions of the act to deem taxation powers upon themselves. This was called into question by the R.M.D.C. as being ''ultra vires'' the legislative competence of the State. It was also contended that the doctrine of colourable legislation was applicable, as the State of Mysore was attempting to control the conduct of prize competitions indirectly, by appropriating the powers of their taxation.

== Arguments ==

=== Appellant ===
Porus A. Mehta, J. R. Gagrat and G. Gopalakrishnan, who were the counsel for the appellants, made 5 major arguments. Their '''first contention''' was that the Mysore Legislature, by adopting the Central legislation, had surrendered their competence to legislate on any matter regarding prize competitions. They stated that all powers, including that of taxation, had been surrendered in favour of the Parliament. The competency to enact laws with regard to Entry 34 and 62 of List II of the Seventh Schedule were contended to have been surrendered. The former entry dealt with "betting and gambling" while the latter regarded "taxation of luxuries, including betting and gambling". '''Secondly,''' they contended that even if it was held that all powers had not been surrendered, the amendments made to the act were in violation of article 252(2), as it indirectly amends the Central legislation by adding a new method of control by imposition of penalties of a monetary nature. '''Thirdly,''' they stated that the Mysore Legislature could not amend an act that stood repealed as a result of the enactment of the Central legislation. '''Fourthly''', it was stated that the Mysore Act, to the extent of its amendment, was '''repugnant''' to the Central act, and thus, was rendered void as under article 254(1) of the Indian Constitution. '''Finally,''' it was argued that the amendments were colourable legislation as the tax was imposed on the prize competitions with the objective of restoring their control to the State. They submitted that the state legislature were imposing penalties upon prize competitions by way of tax, and thus implementing control over such competitions. They further submitted that such taxation was a method of control and regulation, and all matters ancillary to the issue of control and regulation had been surrendered to the Union (via the doctrine of ancillary powers).

=== Respondent ===
N. C. Chatterjee, G. Channappa, R. Gopalakrishnan and T. M. Sen, counsel for the respondents, countered these claims. They submitted that the subject of "betting and gambling" given in entry 34 and the issue of "taxation of luxuries" in entry 62 of List II of the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution were separate powers. This implied that surrendering of control and regulation of prize competitions to the Union did not lead to the surrendering of taxation powers. Thus, they claimed that the power conferred under entry 62 could not have been deemed to have been surrendered. They further submitted that having proven legislative competence, it was unnecessary to prove or disprove any ''mala fide'' intentions of the Mysore legislature. It was submitted that the motives of the legislature could not be called into question.

== Decision of the Supreme Court ==
The Supreme Court held that the Central legislation, passed in accordance with article 252(1) of the Indian Constitution, governed entry 34 of List II of the Seventh Schedule, while the amendments made by the Mysore Legislation were done under entry 62 of the same list. These entries covered separate powers, and by passing the resolution under article 252, the States did not surrender their powers of taxation under entry 62. It could not be held that article 252(2) of the Indian Constitution was violated by such an amendment of the Mysore Act, nor could it be held that the amendment amounted to colourable legislation, as the amendment did not amount to indirect control and regulation of prize competitions. The tax imposed by the Mysore legislature's amendments were not in the manner of a penalty, but merely a tax, which was within the legislative competence of the Mysore legislature, under entry 62 of List II of the Seventh Schedule.

== External links ==
* [https://indiankanoon.org/doc/475489/ Case details, as available on Indian Kanoon.]

{{DEFAULTSORT:M S R.M.D.C (Mysore) v. State of Mysore}}
[[Category:Supreme Court of India cases]]
[[Category:1961 in Indian law]]
[[Category:1961 in case law]]

All India Central Council of Trade Unions

2025-08-30T15:24:59Z

Robertoson:

{{short description|Trade union in India}}

{{more citations needed|date=October 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox union
| name = All India Central Council of Trade Unions
| type = [[Trade union]]
| full_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = AICCTU.jpg
| founded = {{Start date and age|1989|8|04|df=}}
| predecessor =
| successor =
| dissolved =
| merged =
| members = 639,962
| publication =
| location_country = India
| affiliation =
| key_people = V. Shankar: President, Rajiv Dimri: General Secretary
| headquarters =
| website = {{URL|https://www.aicctu.org/|www.aicctu.org/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''All India Central Council of Trade Unions''' ('''AICCTU''') is a central [[trade union]] federation in India. It is politically attached to [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]. According to provisional statistics from the [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Ministry of Labour]], AICCTU had a membership of 639,962 in 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.labourfile.org/superAdmin/Document/113/table%201.pdf |title=Table 1: Aggregate data on membership of CTUOs 1989 and 2002 (Provisional) |publisher=Labour File |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409191235/http://www.labourfile.org/superAdmin/Document/113/table%201.pdf |archivedate=9 April 2011}}</ref>

AICCTU is affiliated to the [[World Federation of Trade Unions]].<ref>World Federation of Trade Unions. ''[http://www.wftucentral.org/indian-trade-union-delegation-visits-venezuelan-embassy-in-new-delhi/ Indian Trade Union Delegation visits Venezuelan Embassy in New Delhi]''</ref>

== Federations affiliated to AICCTU==
*[[All India Construction Workers Federation]]
*All India Contract Workers Federation
*Indian Railways Employees Federation

==See also==
*[[Indian Trade Unions]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official|http://www.aicctu.org}}

{{Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation}}
{{Trade unions in India navbox}}

[[Category:Trade unions in India]]
[[Category:All India Central Council of Trade Unions| ]]
[[Category:World Federation of Trade Unions]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Student organizations established in 1989]]

{{India-trade-union-stub}}

Konadasapura

2025-08-28T11:08:23Z

Robertoson: Done

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Konadasapura
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13.0442433|N|77.7433411|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bangalore]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = [[Bangalore East (Taluk)|Bangalore East]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 4170
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 560049
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 080
| registration_plate = KA 53
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bangalore Central (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Legislative Assembly]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Mahadevapura Assembly constituency]]<ref name="174_Mahadevapura">{{cite web|url=https://ceo.karnataka.gov.in/uploads/56331647503263.pdf|title="174-Mahadevapura : BLO Details"|accessdate=2025-02-23|archive-date=17 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517042839/https://ceo.karnataka.gov.in/uploads/56331647503263.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

''' Konadasapura ''' is a village in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], India. Konadasapura village is located in [[Bangalore East (Taluk)|Bangalore East]] taluka of Bangalore Urban district in Karnataka, India. It is situated 7 km away from [[Krishnarajapuram]] and around 7 km from [[Hoskote]]. As per 2009 stats, Doddabanahalli is the gram panchayat of Konadasapura village. Junction point Budigere Cross is located in this village.<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/population-finder|title=2011 census of India Village: Konadasapura|accessdate=2025-02-23}}</ref><ref name="Map">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Konadasapura,+Bengaluru,+Karnataka/@13.0442433,77.7433411,2720m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x3bae0fe70af8ea57:0xa87c981e29a1cc38!8m2!3d13.045534!4d77.7536499!16s%2Fg%2F11vj7l455?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDIxOS4xIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|title=Konadasapura Map|accessdate=2025-02-23}}</ref>

==Budigere Cross==
Budigere Cross is a famous junction place which is located in Konadasapura village, is a junction of four important roads. [[Budigere]] is located 11 km away from Budigere Cross, Passengers have to take diversion at this junction in Konadasapura to reach Budigere town, Hence popularly it has been called by the name Budigere Cross.<ref name="Budigere_Cross1">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Budigere+Cross/@13.0462037,77.7504124,85m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m15!1m8!3m7!1s0x3bae10000f294687:0x287ccbf5d81dcb74!2sBudigere+Cross,+Bengaluru,+Karnataka+562129!3b1!8m2!3d13.0638419!4d77.7455657!16s%2Fg%2F11g1p1jdf5!3m5!1s0x3bae0f002c262de1:0x3d6cb1c75e4c363b!8m2!3d13.0462278!4d77.7504604!16s%2Fg%2F11lm_5hphy?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDIxOS4xIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|title=Budigere Cross Map|accessdate=2025-02-23}}</ref><ref name="Budigere_Cross2">{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/civic/budigere-cross-residents-demand-traffic-solutions-amid-peak-hour-jams/articleshow/107270305.cms|title=Budigere Cross residents demand traffic solutions amid peak|accessdate=2025-02-23}}</ref>

* East - West, Connects [[Bengaluru]] - [[Tirupati]] via Old Madras Road. [[Krishnarajapuram|KR Puram]] and [[Hoskote]] are connected by this road.<ref name="Budigere_Cross2"/>
* South - North, Connects [[Whitefield, Bengaluru|White field]] - [[Budigere]], Alternative route for [[Kempegowda International Airport]].<ref name="Budigere_Cross2"/>

==Demographics==
According to [[2011 census of India]] information the location code or village code of Konadasapura village is 613108. The total geographical area of the village is 134.46 hectares. Konadasapura has a total population of 4170 people, out of which male population is 2313 while female population is 1857. The literacy rate of Konadasapura village is 81.58% out of which 86.35% of males and 75.57% of females are literate. There are about 1074 houses in Konadasapura village. Pincode of Konadasapura village locality is 560049.<ref name="census_2011"/>

==Facilities==
Konadasapura has below basic types of facilities.

* Government Lower Primary School, Konadasapura – The school is owned by the government of Karnataka, located in Konadasapura itself.<ref name="174_Mahadevapura"/>
* [[Anganwadi]] Kendra
* Konadasapura Lake
* KMF ([[Karnataka Milk Federation]]) Dairy
* National Highway-75 – Old Madras Road- Connects [[Bengaluru]] and [[Tirupati]]
* Whitefield- Hoskote Road
* Budigere Cross junction- Alternative route for [[Kempegowda International Airport]].

==Places of Worship==
* Konadasapura Kere Temple
* Sree Sani Mahatma Temple
* Sri Lakshmi Venkateshwara Swamy Temple
* Nimra Masjid Konadasapura

==See also==
* [[Budigere]]
* [[Bommenahalli, Bengaluru East|Bommenahalli]]
* [[Huskur, Bengaluru East|Huskur]]
* [[Thirumenahalli, Bengaluru East|Thirumenahalli]]
{{Geographic Location
| title = '''Budigere Cross Junction'''
| Northwest =
| North = [[Whitefield, Bengaluru|White field]]
| Northeast =
| West = [[Hoskote]]
| Centre = Budigere Cross
| East = [[Krishnarajapuram|KR Puram]]
| Southwest =
| South = [[Budigere]], [[Kempegowda International Airport]]
| Southeast =
}}
==References==
*Book: Census of India, 1981: District census handbook. A. Village & town directory ; B. Village & townwise primary census abstract, Publisher: University of Minnesota, Contributor:India. Director of Census Operations, Karnataka
*Book: The Mysore Gazette, 1962
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* https://bengaluruurban.nic.in/en/

{{Settlements in Bangalore Urban district}}
{{Bangalore Urban district}}

[[Category:Villages in Bengaluru Urban district]]

{{Bangalore-geo-stub}}

Kurichy

2025-07-11T17:30:59Z

Robertoson: content fix

{{About|the village in Kottayam district||Kurichi (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kurichy
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline = File:Kurichy gramapanchayat office.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Kurichy Panchayath office
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|9.506799|N|76.526556|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Changanacherry
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kurichy''' is a village in [[Changanacherry]] Municipality in [[Kottayam district]], in the southern [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Kerala]].

==Location==

Kurichy lies on the [[main Central Road]] which runs through the entire state of Kerala. The nearest towns to Kurichy are [[Changanacherry]] and [[Kottayam]]. Kurichy is 7 kilometers from Changanacherry by road.

[[Chethipuzha]] is near Kurichy.

== Origin ==

Kurichy was formerly known as "Gurushreepuram", meaning "the land of [[Vishnu]] [Guru] and [[Lakshmi]] [Shree]", which later became truncated to its current name.

== Places in and around Kurichy ==

The central area of Kurichy is known as the "Kurichy Out Post", named after an earlier police outpost. It acts as the major junction to the western areas. The west of Kurichy connects to places such as Kainady and Kavalam which are parts of Kuttanadu. The east part of Kurichy is Vakathanam. The surrounding areas of Kurichy are Neelamperoor, Mandiram, Thuruthy and Pathamuttom.

==Churches==

Christians in Kurichy are mainly [[Syriac Christianity|Syrian Christian]]s, and [[Latin Christians]]. The Holy Trinity Church, Changanacherry is the largest born again church in the Municipality. There is an [[Anglican Church of India]] near the Main Central Road. There is a church for the Knanaya Jacobite Christian named '''''Mor Ignatious Church''''' and one more Church having Knanaya Jacobite Christian in Kurichy nearby [[Neelamperoor]] named St George Knanaya Church. Both the Churches are more than 100 Years old. St Mary's Jacobite church is in [[Ithithanam]] at Ponpuzha pokkam

St. Xavier's Latin catholic church is an ancient church where the holy relic of St. Francis Xavier is kept for worship.<ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Xavier’s Church, Kurichy – Vijayapuram Diocese |url=http://vijayapuramdiocese.org/profiles/st-xaviers-church-kurichy/ |access-date=2022-05-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> The evening worship of Wednesdays, worship in holy week and the feast of the church attract many devotees. The feast of St. Francis Xavier is celebrated at this church in December in every year. There is also an LP school named little flower that is also a part of this church. There is an old age home named St. Joseph's Old Age Home [part of Koottogne charity worldwide]. The sisters in this old age home are from [[Korea]].

St. Mary's Jacobite Syrian Soonoro Church is an ancient church where the holy relic of St. Mary is kept for worship. The evening worship on Tuesdays attracts many devotees. The Feast of St. Mary is celebrated at this Church every year from 1 to 8 September, every year.

==Temples==
Nearby Hindu temples include the [[Edanaattu Indilayappa Swami Temple]], [[Thrikkapaleswarm Shiva temple]], [[Shankarapuram Shiva Temple]], [[Cheruparakavu Devi temple]]. The [[Edanaattu Indalayappa Swami Temple]] is especially well known, and hosts the [[Kiratham]] Kathakali performance on the day of [[Makaravilakku]].

Puthanpally junction is located one kilometer west of the Out Post junction. The Shiva temple Trikkapaleshwaram and Cheruparakavu Devi temple are situated in this place. SNDP Gurusreepuram Sakha is located near Trikkapaleshwaram temple.

A Shri Rama temple is located at Sachivothamapuram near to Kurichy. The place is named after [[C. P. Ramaswami Iyer|Sir CP Ramaswamy Iyer]] who was given the title "Sachivothama" by the then [[Maharaja|Maharajah]] of [[Travancore]], [[Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma|Shri Chithira Thirunal Balaramavarma]]. Sir CP was the Diwan (Prime Minister) of [[Travancore]] from 1936 to 1947.

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Kottayam district}}

http://www.syriacchristianity.info/MalankaraSyrianChurch/Malankara_parishes.htm#Kottayam%20Diocese {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218185748/http://www.syriacchristianity.info/MalankaraSyrianChurch/Malankara_parishes.htm#Kottayam%20Diocese |date=18 December 2019 }}

[[Category:Villages in Kottayam district]]

2009 Mumbai Indians season

2025-04-18T10:44:49Z

Robertoson: started initial details from scratch - done

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = Mumbai Indians
| season = 2009
| coach = [[Shaun Pollock]]
| captain = [[Sachin Tendulkar]]
| ground = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]] (33,108)
| comp1 = [[2009 Indian Premier League|IPL]]
| comp1 result = 7th
| most runs = [[Jean Paul Duminy]] (372)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ipl2009/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=4801;type=tournament|title=Indian Premier League, 2009 / Records / Most runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 June 2015}}</ref>
| most wickets = [[Lasith Malinga]] (18)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ipl2009/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=4801;type=tournament|title=Indian Premier League, 2009 / Records / Most wickets |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 June 2015}}</ref>
| prevseason = [[Mumbai Indians in 2008|2008]]
| nextseason = [[Mumbai Indians in 2010|2010]]
}}

[[Mumbai Indians]] (MI) is a franchise cricket team based in [[Mumbai]], India, which plays in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). They were one of the eight teams that competed in the [[2009 Indian Premier League]]. They were captained by [[Sachin Tendulkar]].

==Squad==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
!Name
!Nationality
!Birth date
!Batting style
!Bowling style
!Notes
|-
! colspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| Batsmen
|-
| [[Sachin Tendulkar]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1973|4|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]
|-
| [[Saurabh Tiwary]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1989|12|30|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
| [[Shikhar Dhawan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1985|12|5|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
| [[Jean-Paul Duminy]] || {{cr|RSA}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1984|4|14|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right arm [[off break]] || Overseas
|-
| [[Ajinkya Rahane]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1988|6|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
! colspan="6" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| All-rounders
|-
| [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] || {{cr|SRI}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1969|6|30|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left arm orthodox]] || Overseas
|-
| [[Ryan McLaren]] || {{cr|RSA}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1983|2|9|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || Overseas
|-
| [[Graham Napier]] || {{cr|ENG}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1980|1|6|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || Overseas
|-
| [[Abhishek Nayar]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1983|10|8|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
| [[Dwayne Bravo]] || {{cr|TRI}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1983|10|7|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || Overseas
|-
| [[Mohammad Ashraful]] || {{cr|BAN}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1984|7|7|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || Overseas
|-
! colspan="6" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| Wicket-keepers
|-
| [[Luke Ronchi]] || {{cr|NZL}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1981|4|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || – ||
|-
| [[Pinal Shah]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1987|11|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || – ||
|-
| [[Yogesh Takawale]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1984|11|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || – ||
|-
! colspan="6" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| Bowlers
|-
| [[Harbhajan Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1980|7|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || Vice Captain
|-
| [[Dilhara Fernando]] || {{cr|SRI}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1979|7|19|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || Overseas
|-
| [[Dhawal Kulkarni]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1988|12|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] ||
|-
| [[Zaheer Khan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1978|10|7|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] ||
|-
| [[Lasith Malinga]] || {{cr|SRI}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1983|8|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || Overseas
|-
| [[Kyle Mills]] || {{cr|NZL}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1979|3|15|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || Overseas
|-
| [[Chetanya Nanda]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1979|3|29|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] ||
|-
| [[Rohan Raje]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2009|04|15|1986|9|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] ||
|}

==IPL==
===Standings===
Mumbai Indians finished seventh in the league stage of IPL 2009.
{{:2009 Indian Premier League|team=MI}}

===Match log===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! width=5%|No.
! width=10%|Date
! width=30%|Opponent
! width=15%|Venue
! width=40%|Result
|-style="background:#dfd;"
|| 1 ||18 April || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || [[Cape Town]] ||Won by 19 runs, [[Man of the match#Cricket|MoM]] – [[Sachin Tendulkar]] – 59* (49)
|-
|-
|| 2 ||21 April || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[Durban]] || Match did not start after intermittent rain
|-
|-style="background:#fdd;"
|| 3 ||25 April || [[Deccan Chargers]] || [[Durban]] ||Lost by 19 runs
|-
|-style="background:#dfd;"
|| 4 ||27 April || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || [[Port Elizabeth]] || Won by 92 runs; MoM – [[Sachin Tendulkar]] – 68 (45)
|-
|-style="background:#fdd;"
|| 5 ||29 April || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[Durban]] || Lost by 3 runs
|-
|-style="background:#dfd;"
|| 6 ||1 May || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || [[East London, South Africa|East London]] || Won by 9 runs; MoM – [[Jean-Paul Duminy]] – 52 (37)
|-
|- style="background:#fdd;"
|| 7 ||3 May || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[Johannesburg]] ||Lost by 9 wickets
|-
|-style="background:#fdd;"
|| 8 ||6 May || [[Deccan Chargers]] || [[Pretoria]] ||Lost by 19 Runs
|-
|-style="background:#fdd;"
|| 9 ||8 May || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[East London, South Africa|East London]] ||Lost by 7 wickets
|-
|-style="background:#dfd;"
|| 10 ||10 May || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[Port Elizabeth]] ||Won by 16 Runs; MoM – [[Jean-Paul Duminy]] – 59* (41)
|-
|-style="background:#dfd;"
|| 11 ||12 May || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[Pretoria]] ||Won by 8 wickets; MoM – [[Harbhajan Singh]] – 1/9 (4 overs)
|-
|-style="background:#fdd;"
|| 12 ||14 May || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[Durban]] ||Lost by 2 Runs
|-
|-style="background:#fdd;"
|| 13 ||16 May || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || [[Port Elizabeth]] || Lost by 7 Wickets
|-
|-style="background:#fdd;"
|| 14 ||21 May || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[Pretoria]] || Lost by 4 Wickets
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| Overall record: 5–8. Failed to qualify for the semifinals.
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Mumbai Indians}}

[[Category:2009 Indian Premier League]]
[[Category:Mumbai Indians seasons]]

Gangadevipalli

2025-03-26T22:49:05Z

Robertoson: Done

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gangadevipalli
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17|57|17|N|79|42|52|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Warangal district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type =
| parts =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = TS
| website = {{URL|http://www.gangadevipally.org/english/default_english.htm}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
}}

'''Gangadevipalli''' or Gangadevipally, is a village in [[Geesugonda]] mandal of [[Warangal district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Telangana]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/Gangadevipalli-village-in-news-again/article17373342.ece| title = Gangadevipalli village in news again - The Hindu}} </ref> It is situated about 12 km away from the district headquarters of [[Warangal]] and has a population of 1277.

The village has earned itself a reputation as a model village of the country.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150801/nation-current-affairs/article/india%E2%80%99s-model-village-telangana| title = India’s model village in Telangana}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/270217/narendra-modi-all-praise-for-telangana-villages-toilets.html| title = Modi all praise for Telangana village’s toilets; twin-pit loos win PM's approval}}</ref>

== Governance ==
The village is governed by the village Panchayat.

Gangadevipalli was once under the jurisdiction of the village panchayat of Machapur. In September, 1994, it earned the status of a special village panchayat. In the first two Panchayat elections of 1995 and 2001, all the elected representatives were women. In 2006, Mr. Kiruthik Pranav was elected as the Sarpanch. The current Sarpanch is again a woman named Ms. Intla Santhi.

Since its recognition as a special Panchayat, the villagers have been working hard to make it a model village. It was as a result of this effort that in 2007, this village received the Nirmal Gram Puraskar. This village has the distinction of having an all-women membership in the [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayat]] including the [[Sarpanch]] in the 1995 and 2001 elections. In the recent times, this village has earned itself a reputation not only at the state level but also at the national level as a result of the visits by several prominent personalities from various political parties.

== Development activities ==
Gangadevipalli has earned several accolades from one and all for the villagers' collective efforts in developing the village. Some of the indicators of this development are 100% [[literacy]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/telangana-village-scores-perfect-100-in-literacy-prohibition-toilets/story-hYowAVeqMAL5keayroLRnI.html|title=Telangana village scores perfect 100 in kiruthik , prohibition, toilets|date=2017-03-26|work=hindustantimes.com/|access-date=2017-04-14|language=en}}</ref> complete alcohol [[prohibition]], availability of toilets in every home, [[family planning]] for all households and [[fluoride]]-free drinking water. The villagers have proven that through collective effort and discipline, one can solve problems and make their village a better place to live in. The boards on either side of the entrance to the village show their commitment and discipline.

== Development Committees ==
Gangadevipalli has 13 committees. The committees play a major role in the village's everyday governance. One person from each household is involved in some committee or the other. Though there are multiple political parties, the villagers are united when it comes to development activities. The villagers solve all of their disputes within the village. There were no police complaints registered in the past 14 years.

The village is divided into 18 sectors. Each committee can consist of 11 to 25 members.

A few of the committees and their functions are listed below
* Alcohol prohibition committee - To prevent the sale of alcohol in the village and prevent smuggling of liquor into the village from other villages.
* Drinking water management committee - To take care of water supply, cleanliness and hygiene around the water taps. The villagers got water tankers with the help of a non-profit called Lodhi and a fluoride-free water purification plant with the help of the Tata group. This water purification plant produces surplus drinking water which is sold to other areas and thus makes some money for the village.
* Education committee - Management of maintenance of schools.
* Ganga dish committee - Issuance of cable connections to people
* Health committee - Protection of health, prevention of seasonal diseases and family planning
* Mothers' committee - Takes care of pregnant women and new mothers with the cooperation of the local Anganwadi group.
* Loan recovery committee - To ensure that farmers pay their bank loans on time
* Village development committee - All development activities in the village
A committee will soon be formed for governance of the recently installed community WiFi.

The village has 14 cooperative savings unions.

== Public services ==

=== Drinking water plant ===
The villagers have established a drinking water project in the village through the help of non-profit organizations without any help from the government. This de-fluorination project has been in operation from 1996. The villagers can get 20 liters of purified drinking water for a price of Re. 1 using a smart card.

=== Free Cable TV ===
The cable TV network in this village is free. Each household pays an upfront deposit of Rs. 2200 to get a cable connection. This amount is deposited in a bank and the cable services are maintained using the interest accrued on this amount. There are no monthly charges for using this service.

=== Free Community WiFi ===
Volunteers of the Hyderabad wing of the Free Software Movement of India ([[Free Software Movement of India|FSMI]]), known as Swecha have undertaken a project with the co-operation of the villagers to set up a community WiFi network. Apart from serving internet, the central hub of the WiFi hub - a device known as [[FreedomBox]], a server for hosting [[Free software|free]] and [[Open-source software|open-source]] software for protecting [[privacy]] on the internet. Since the FreedomBox project can also be used as a server on the local network, a lot of free services like [[Voice over IP|VoIP]] calling and chat, [[internet radio]], [[digital library]], offline Wikipedia etc. have been provided to the villagers. This project was an inspiration for several other nearby villages who want to host similar community WiFi projects in their villages.

This project was funded by donations. The village panchayat pays the monthly internet bill to the ISP. All villagers and visitors can use the WiFi for free.

== Leadership ==
Gangadevipalli's development was fueled by the efforts of several leaders like Koosam Rajamouli, Gone Cheralu, Koosam Lingaiah, Challa Mallaiah, Koosam Narayana, Pelli Rajayya and others.

Mr. Rajamouli describes his experience as follows.

"''It was difficult in the beginning to get all the people to agree on the same things. But we didn't give up. We tried to teach everyone the importance of development. Eventually, people started appreciating our thinking. They started volunteering to help with every development activity. We take every decision by voting and choose the option with the majority of votes. Most villagers are part of some committee or the other. So, most activities are performed with dedication and a feeling of ownership. This village's progress is the result of the collective efforts of all the villagers.''"

== Recognition ==
* Recognized as the best panchayat in the country in 2007. A panel of judges presided by Mr. Subhash Kashap, the former General Secretary of [[Lok Sabha]] made this selection. The Academy of survey and research of rural India presented this award. [[Union Council of Ministers|Union minister]] Mr. Manishankar Ayyar was the chief advisor.
* Awarded the Nirmal Gram Puraskar, a national award, by [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]], the former President of India.
* Selected as the best panchayat of Warangal district 4 times.
* Awarded by the district collector in 1999 for the people's membership in cooperative savings societies
* NGOs from [[Canada]] and [[Bangladesh]] have studied the local self-governance model of Gangadevipalli. Several group from [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]] and [[Rajasthan]] have visited the village. Most IAS officers in training who come to the district study this village.
* In 2005, Mr. Challappa, the commissioner of Gram Panchayats remarked, "Every district in the country should have one such village."
* This village was adopted by [[Andhra Bank]] under the Pattabhi Model Village Development Scheme.
* This village had visitors from 20 different countries so far.
* This village was featured in a cover story by [[Eenadu]] in their weekly magazine.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Warangal Rural district}}

[[Category:Villages in Warangal district]]

K. Chinnamma

2025-02-05T19:50:57Z

Robertoson: New

{{Short description|Indian woman social worker}}
{{Infobox person
| name = K. Chinnamma
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| other_names =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth year|1883}}
| birth_place = [[Travancore]], British India
| death_date = {{death year and age|1930|1883}}
| death_place = [[Travancore]]
| occupation = Social worker, Woman activist
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| spouse(s) =
| relatives =
}}
'''K. Chinnamma''' was a feminist, social worker and woman activist from [[Kerala]], India. In 1918, she started ''Raja Sreemoolam Thirunal Shashtyabda Poorthi Smaraka Hindu Mahila Mandiram'' (S.M.S.S Hindu Mahila Mandiram now), Kerala state's first home for destitute women. She founded the institution with the aim of educating, empowering and rehabilitating girls from less privileged backgrounds, irrespective of religion or caste.<ref>{{cite news |title=THE WEEK |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2019/10/23/srg2-kl-mahila%20mandiram.html |language=en}}</ref>

==Biography==
K. Chinnamma was born in 1883 in a typical farming family in [[Attingal]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]] to Kalyani Amma of Attingal Edavamadam House and Velayudhan Pillai.<ref name="keralawomen">{{cite web |title=കെ ചിന്നമ്മ |url=https://www.keralawomen.gov.in/ml/node/743 |website=Kerala Women |publisher=Department of Women and Child Development, Kerala state |language=ml |date=27 March 2021}}</ref> Poverty, oppression and destitution suffered by vulnerable women have plagued Chinnamma from an early age.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/> Encouraged by her maternal aunt, she attended Fort High School and was one of the first girl students there.<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news |last1=Sathyendran |first1=Nita |title=For women, by women |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/for-women-by-women/article7011444.ece |work=The Hindu |date=19 March 2015 |language=en-IN}}</ref> After completing her basic education at Senana Mission Girls' School, Thiruvananthapuram, she obtained her FA degree from Thiruvananthapuram Women's College.<ref name="keralawomen"/> After education she joined the Department of Public Instruction as Assistant Inspector. Chinnamma who was appointed as assistant to the then school inspector Karapit, was in charge of eleven [[taluk]]s.<ref name="keralawomen"/>

===Personal life and death===
Chinnamma was married to Kumara Pillai, son of [[C. V. Raman Pillai]]'s brother [[Tehsildar]] Narayana Pillai.<ref name="keralawomen"/> Chinnamma lived in [[Kottayam]] with her husband and children. She died in 1930.<ref name="keralawomen"/>

==Social service and activism==
When M.C. Sankara Pillai wrote in a publication that women are reproductive machines, Chinnamma and her classmate [[B. Kalyani Amma|Kalyani Amma]] sharply criticized it.<ref name="anweshanam">{{cite web |title=ദിഗംബര സ്മരണകൾ 208;"രണ്ട് കൂട്ടുകാരികൾ, കെ. ചിന്നമ്മയും ബി.കല്യാണി അമ്മയും";എം.രാജീവ് കുമാർ |url=https://anweshanam.com/opinion/digambara-memoirs-208;-two-friends-k-chinnamma-and-b/cid5427556.htm |website=anweshanam.com |language=ml |date=8 October 2021}}</ref> In 1911, while presiding over a women's conference, she met Theerthapada Paramahamsa and on his advice she focused on social work.<ref name="anweshanam"/>

Chinnamma, who advocated for the rights of married officials, has founded several women's societies. In 1908, K. Chinnamma was appointed School Inspector in the Kottayam Division of Travancore. As part of her work, she visited Christian schools run by nuns and saw orphanages affiliated with schools for Christian children. So she wondered what it would be like to start a shelter home for orphans and widows in the Hindu community.<ref name="News Minute">{{cite news |title=Remembering Kerala's Chinnamma, who opened state's first home for destitute women |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/remembering-keralas-chinnamma-who-opened-states-first-home-destitute-women-115640 |work=The News Minute |date=8 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref> In 1916, Chinnamma spoke about her idea at a women's conference on the occasion of the 60th birthday of the then King of Travancore, Sreemoolam Thirunal, but no one supported her idea.<ref name="News Minute"/>

Mrs. P. Raman Thampi, who was the head of the women's society, organized the 'Shashtipurthi Maholsavam' (60th birthday celebration) and entrusted Chinnamma with the task. She had a surplus of Rs. 200 in her hand after the celebrations.<ref name="News Minute"/> In the discussion on what to do with the remaining money, Chinnamma once again raised the need for a house for needy women. There was still strong opposition but later Mrs. Raman Thampi supported the idea.<ref name="News Minute"/> Chinnamma delivered a powerful speech there, roughly translating: “Most of us gathered here have proper food and clothing. But many women who have none of this end up begging. Many of you may not have seen it. But if we have the heart, we must surely help these helpless women, in honor of the King who did so much for women's education".<ref name="News Minute"/>

The speech worked and in 1918, ''Raja Sreemoolam Thirunal Shashtyabda Poorthi Smaraka Hindu Mahila Mandiram'' was established at Thiruvananthapuram.<ref name="News Minute"/> She developed it as an institution that provides education and vocational training to poor girls.<ref name="keralawomen"/> She also ran a women's publication called ''Mahila Mandir''.<ref name="keralawomen"/> When it was rumored that Chinnamma had used her power to use teachers for the Mahila Mandir, she was removed from the post of school inspector.<ref name="News Minute"/> She later became the headmistress of the Petta Higher Secondary School.<ref name="News Minute"/> Chinnamma ignored the existing untouchability in Kerala at that time and admitted lower caste girls to attend school.<ref name="News Minute"/>

Later Chinnamma quit her job and worked for Mahila Mandir full time.<ref name="Mathrubhumi">{{cite news |title=ഇത് ചിന്നമ്മയുടെ കഥ, പൂജപ്പുര മഹിളാ മന്ദിരത്തിന്റേയും |url=https://archives.mathrubhumi.com/thiruvananthapuram/news/22nov2021-1.6200185 |work=Mathrubhumi |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> She traveled a lot to raise money for this institution.<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/>

==Honors==
Mahila Mandir and Chinnamma who led it has been praised by national leaders including [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and [[Annie Besant]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Malayalam |first1=Media |title=ഇത് ചിന്നമ്മയുടെ കഥ, പൂജപ്പുര മഹിളാ മന്ദിരത്തിന്റേയും - Media Malayalam (മീഡിയ മലയാളം) |url=https://mediamalayalam.com/this-is-the-story-of-chinnamma-and-the-poojappura-mahila-mandir/ |date=22 November 2021 |archive-date=22 November 2021 |access-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122061118/https://mediamalayalam.com/this-is-the-story-of-chinnamma-and-the-poojappura-mahila-mandir/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Chinnamma Memorial Girls High School<ref name="Hindu"/> in Thiruvanathapuram is named after her. In remembrance of Chinnamma's outstanding contributions and selfless services, Mahila Mandiram provided educational assistance to 100 girls as part of its Centenary Celebrations.<ref>{{cite news |title='Children' of Mahila Mandiram Come Home to Thank 'Mothers' |url=https://www.newsexperts.in/children-mahila-mandiram-come-home-thank-mothers/ |work=News Experts |date=12 November 2019}}</ref>

In 2019 November, the Indian Postal Department issued a special cover to mark the centenary of SMSS Hindu Mahila Mandiram started by Chinnamma. The cover carries a special stamp with picture of K. Chinnamma on it.<ref>{{cite news |title=India Post Issues Special Cover To Mark Centenary Of Mahila Mandiram - Kerala9.com |url=https://www.kerala9.com/latest-news/india-post-issues-special-cover-to-mark-centenary-of-mahila-mandiram/ |date=28 November 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chinnamma, K.}}
[[Category:1883 births]]
[[Category:1930 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:People from Thiruvananthapuram district]]
[[Category:Indian feminists]]

Pattanagere metro station

2025-01-09T10:52:27Z

Robertoson: Made a article - done

{{Short description|Namma Metro's Purple Line metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Pattanagere
| other_name = [[R.V. College of Engineering]], [[RV University]], Harsha Layout
| style = Namma Metro
| type = {{Namma Metro Infobox station line|line=Purple}}
| image = Pattanagere metro station (as of May '22).jpg
| address = Mysore Rd, Harsha Layout, Kengeri Satellite Town, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560059
| coordinates = {{coord|12.92441467654839|77.49825635000634|display=inline,title}}
| owned = [[Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd]] (BMRCL)
| operator = [[Namma Metro]]
| lines = {{rcb|Namma Metro|Purple|croute}}
| platforms = [[Side platform]] 
Platform-1 → [[Whitefield (Kadugodi) metro station|Whitefield (Kadugodi)]] Platform-2 → [[Challaghatta metro station|Challaghatta]]
| tracks = 2
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| levels = 2
| status = Staffed
| code = PATG
| opened = {{start date and age|2021|August|30|df=yes}}
| architect = [[IL&FS]]
| electrified = 750 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[third rail]]
| services = {{adjacent stations|system=Namma Metro|line=Purple |left=Jnanabharathi |to-left=Whitefield (Kadugodi)|right=Kengeri Bus Terminal |to-right=Challaghatta}}
| route_map = {{BMR Purple Line}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Purple}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Pattanagere''' is an elevated metro station on the East-West corridor of the [[Purple Line (Namma Metro)|Purple Line]] of [[Namma Metro]] serving the [[R.V. College of Engineering|RV College of Engineering]], [[RV University]] in [[Bengaluru]], India. To the North lies the Jnanabharathi area and to the South is the suburbs of [[Kengeri]]. It was inaugurated on 29 August 2021 and opened to the public on 30 August 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-29|title=Kengeri metro line inaugurated, commercial operations from August 30|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/bengaluru-metros-extended-purple-line-on-mysuru-road-inaugurated/article36161802.ece|access-date=2021-08-29|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bengaluru Metro: 7.5-km Purple line from Mysore Road to Kengeri inaugurated|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/companies/article/bengaluru-metro-7-5-km-purple-line-from-mysore-road-to-kengeri-inaugurated/805214|access-date=2021-08-29|website=www.timesnownews.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Station layout ==
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Pattanagere track layout
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Purple}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Namma Metro|Jnanabharathi}}
*'''P1'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P2'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Namma Metro|Kengeri Bus Terminal}}
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=30 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Mezzanine
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|'''Platform 1''' '''Eastbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|Towards → {{stl|Namma Metro|Whitefield (Kadugodi)}} '''Next Station:''' [[Jnanabharathi metro station|Jnanabharathi]]
|-
|'''Platform 2''' '''Westbound'''
|Towards ← {{stl|Namma Metro|Challaghatta}} '''Next Station:''' [[Kengeri Bus Terminal metro station|Kengeri Bus Terminal]]
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|
|-
|}

==Entry/Exits==
There are 2 Entry/Exit points – A and B. Commuters can use either of the points for their travel.

* Entry/Exit point A: Towards [[R.V. College of Engineering|RV College of Engineering]]/[[RV University]] side
* Entry/Exit point B: Towards Duvasapalya Road side

== See also ==

* [[Bangalore]]
* [[List of Namma Metro stations]]
* [[Transport in Karnataka]]
* [[List of metro systems]]
* [[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]
* [[Portal:Bangalore|Bangalore portal]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Namma Metro|purple line=yes}}
__FORCETOC__

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2021]]
[[Category:Namma Metro stations]]

Sultanpur, Nadia

2024-09-19T09:56:19Z

Robertoson: Adding a entry

{{Orphan|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sultanpur
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Sultanpur [[Nakashipara]] [[West Bengal]] [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|23.60|N|88.32|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nadia district|Nadia]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| demographics_type2 = Literacy (2011)
| demographics2_title2 = Total literates
| demographics2_info2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 741137
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 03474
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Krishnanagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnanagar]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Nakashipara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nakashipara]]
| website = {{URL|nadia.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sultanpur''' is a village in the [[Nakashipara (community development block)|Nakashipara]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Krishnanagar Sadar subdivision]] of the [[Nadia district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html|access-date=2021-03-21|website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Map of Sultanpur, Nakashipara, Nadia, West Bengal|url=https://m.mapsofindia.com/villages/west-bengal/nadia/nakashipara/sultanpur.html|access-date=2021-03-21|website=m.mapsofindia.com}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Sultanpur had a total population of 1,733, of which 886 were males and 847 were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 229.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sultanpur Village Population - Nakashipara - Nadia, West Bengal |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/321437-sultanpur-west-bengal.html |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Nadia District}}

[[Category:Villages in Nadia district]]

{{Nadia-geo-stub}}

Kabiruddinpur

2024-07-18T17:04:37Z

Robertoson: formatting fix

{{short description|Village in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{moresources|date=September 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}

'''Kabiruddinpur''' is a village in [[Jaunpur district|Jaunpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="EC Data">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se2002/pollupd/ac/states/s24/acnstcand237.htm|title=State Elections 2002|access-date=30 August 2010|publisher=[[Government of India]]|year=2002|author=Election Commission of India|work=List of Contesting Candidates|format=Text/HTML}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Jaunpur district}}
{{Coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Villages in Jaunpur district]]

{{Jaunpur-geo-stub}}

Jogindranath Sarkar

2024-05-15T11:15:24Z

Robertoson: New

{{short description|Indian Bengali author}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=April 2019}}
{{unreliable sources|date=April 2019}}
{{notability|Bio|date=April 2019}}
}}

{{Infobox writer
| name = Jogindranath Sarkar
| native_name = যোগীন্দ্রনাথ সরকার
| native_name_lang = bn
| image = শিশু চয়নিকা - যোগীন্দ্রনাথ সরকার (page 9 crop).jpg
| image_size =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1866|10|28|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Netra, Diamond Harbour|Netra]], [[24 Parganas]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1937|6|26|1866|10|28|df=y}}
| occupation = Children's author
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[ British India]]
| genre =
| movement = [[Bengal Renaissance]]
| language = Bengali
| subject = Literature
| alma_mater = [[City College, Kolkata]]
| notableworks = ''Hashi Khushi'' (1897)
}}
'''Jogindranath Sarkar''' (28 October 1866 – 26 June 1937) was a [[Bengali people|Bengali]] children's author.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=শিশুসাহিত্যিক যোগীন্দ্রনাথ সরকার|url=https://www.banglanews24.com/kids/news/bd/14167.details|access-date=2021-06-07|website=banglanews24.com|date=27 October 2010 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=প্রবন্ধ:: ১৫০ বছরে শিশুসাহিত্যের প্রাণপুরুষ: যোগীন্দ্রনাথ সরকার - সমুদ্র বসু|url=https://www.magiclamp.net.in/2016/09/blog-post_19.html|access-date=2021-06-07|language=en-GB}}</ref> He wrote more than seventy books.<ref name=":0" />

==Early life and education==
Son of Nandalal Sarkar, a native of [[Jaynagar Majilpur]], he was born in the house of his maternal uncle in [[Netra, Diamond Harbour|Netra]] village of [[South 24 Parganas]] district, on 28 October 1866. His father came from an impoverished family in [[Jessore (city)|Jessore]] and later settled in Jaynagar. Doctor and philanthropist Sir [[Nilratan Sircar]] was Jogindranath's elder brother.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Sarkar,_Jogindranath|publisher=Banglapaedia|title=Jogindranath Sarkar}}</ref> Jogindranath was a member of the [[Brahmo Samaj]].

Jogindranath studied at Deoghar High School and was admitted to [[City College, Kolkata|City College]], but was unable to complete his degree.

==Career and writings==
He then began teaching at City Collegiate School, Kolkata, and became interested in writing children's literature at around the same time. He was adept at [[nonsense verse]]. His work was published in various Bengali children's magazines, including ''[[Sandesh (magazine)|Sandesh]]''.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}} He was also the editor of the children's magazine ''[[Mukul (magazine)|Mukul]]''.

Popular books include ''Hasi Khushi'' (1897), and his illustrated books of poetry ''Khukumanir Chhada'' (1899) and ''Hasirashi'' (1899). Other books for children include ''Chhabi-O-Galpo'' (1892), ''Ranga Chhabi'' (1896), ''Pashu-Paksi'' (1911), ''Bane-Jangale'' (1929), ''Galpa Sanchay'', ''Shishu Chayanika'', ''Hijibiji'', and others. In addition, he wrote schoolbooks for children, among them ''Gyanamukul'' (1890), ''Charupath'', and ''Shiksa Sanchay''.

In 1896 Jogindranath established the City Book Society, which published [[Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury]]'s debut book ''Chheleder Ramayana'', an adaptation of the ''[[Ramayana]]'' for young readers.

Despite suffering from [[hemiparesis|hemiplegia]] from 1923, Jogindranath continued to write and publish until his death in 1937.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarkar, Jognidranath}}
[[Category:1866 births]]
[[Category:1937 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Brahmos]]
[[Category:Indian children's book illustrators]]
[[Category:Indian children's writers]]
[[Category:Indian printers]]
[[Category:People from Jaynagar Majilpur]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Writers from British India]]