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<div>{{short description|Class of American 2-8-0 locomotive built for service overseas during World War II}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox locomotive<br />
| name = USATC S160 Class<br /><br /><small>China KD6, ÖBB Class 956, ČSD Class 456.1, SNCF Class 140U, [[SEK Class Θγ|SEK Class Θγ (THg)]], [[MÁV Class 411]], [[FS Class 736]], PKP Tr201 and Tr203, Russia class Ш<sup>A</sup>, Renfe class 553, [[TCDD 45171 Class]], JŽ class 37, KSR 8000 series, KNR Sori2 class, SNCB/NMBS type 281</small><br />
| powertype = Steam<br />
| image = Lima_USATC-5740_locomotive.jpg<br />
| caption = [[Lima Locomotive Works]] [[builder's photo|builder portrait]] of USATC number 5740<br />
| designer = Major J. W. Marsh <br />
| builder = [[American Locomotive Company]] (755),<br />[[Baldwin Locomotive Works]] (712),<br />[[Lima Locomotive Works]] (653)<br />
| serialnumber = <br />
| builddate = 1942–1945<br />
| totalproduction = 2,120<br />
| whytetype = {{whyte|2-8-0}}<br />
| uicclass = 1′D h2<br />
| gauge = {{Track gauge|1435 mm|allk=off}}<br />{{Track gauge|1520 mm|allk=off}} [[Russian Railways]]<br />{{Track gauge|1668 mm|allk=off}} [[Renfe Operadora]]<br />{{Track gauge|1676 mm|lk=off}}<br />[[Indian Railways]]<br />
| leadingdiameter = {{convert|2|ft|9|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />
| driverdiameter = {{convert|4|ft|9|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />
| length = {{convert|61|ft|0|in|m|2|abbr=on}},<br /> including tender<br />
| wheelbase = {{convert|51|ft|7+3/4|in|m|2|abbr=on}}<br />
| weightondrivers = {{convert|140000|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}<br />
| locoweight = {{convert|161000|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}<br />
| tenderweight = {{convert|115500|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}<br />
| locotenderweight = {{convert|276500|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}<br />
| fueltype = [[Coal]]<br />
| fuelcap = {{convert|20000|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}<br />
| watercap = {{convert|6500|USgal|L impgal|abbr=on|disp=br()}}<br />
| boiler = {{convert|5|ft|10|in|m|2|abbr=on}}<br /> maximum diameter<br />
| boilerpressure = {{convert|225|lbf/in2|MPa|2|abbr=on}}<br />
| tubearea = {{convert|1055|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}<br />({{convert|150|in|mm|0|abbr=on|disp=or}} long × <br />{{convert|2|in|mm|0|abbr=on|disp=or}} diameter)<br />
| fluearea = {{convert|567|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}<br />({{convert|30|in|mm|0|abbr=on|disp=or}} long × <br />{{convert|5.375|in|mm|0|abbr=on|disp=or}} diameter)<br />
| firearea = {{convert|41|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}<br />
| fireboxarea = {{convert|136|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}<br />
| superheaterarea = {{convert|313|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}<br />
| totalsurface = {{convert|2253|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}<br />
| cylindercount = Two, outside<br />
| cylindersize = {{convert|19|x|26|in|mm|1|abbr=on|disp=br()}}<br />[[Bore (engine)|bore]] x [[Stroke (engine)|stroke]]<br />
| valvegear = [[Walschaerts valve gear|Walschaerts]]<br />
| valvetype = {{convert|10|in|mm|0}} [[Piston valve (steam engine)|piston valves]]<br />
| tractiveeffort = {{convert|31492|lbf|kN|1|abbr=on}}<br />
| factorofadhesion = 4.45<br />
| operatorclass = USATC S160 and country derivatives<br />
| fleetnumbers = <br />
| officialname = USATC S160 Class<br />
| locale = [[United States]]<br />[[Europe]]<br />[[China]]<br />[[Korea]]<br />
| disposition = At least 33 known preserved, possibly more in derelict condition, remainder scrapped<br />
}}<br />
The [[United States Army Transportation Corps]] '''S160 Class''' is a class of {{whyte|2-8-0}} "Consolidation" type [[steam locomotive]]s, designed for heavy freight work in [[Europe]] during [[World War II]]. A total of 2,120 were built and they worked on railroads across much of the world, including [[Africa]], [[Asia]], all of Europe and [[South America]].<br />
<br />
==Design==<br />
[[File:411x jav.jpg|thumb|left|S160 drawing.]]<br />
<br />
During the 1930s, the [[United States Army Transportation Corps]] approved an update of a [[Baldwin Locomotive Works]] [[World War I]] design, to be used, if required, for war transportation. The result was the S159 Class loco. During the early period of World War II, when America was neutral, the government of [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] approved the [[Lend-Lease]] supply to the [[United Kingdom]] of the [[USATC S200 Class|S200 Class]], a 2-8-2 configuration, designed specifically to fit into the restricted British [[loading gauge]].<ref name="Turkey1">[http://www.trainsofturkey.com/w/pmwiki.php/Steam/45171 45171 to 45220] trainsofturkey.com</ref><br />
<br />
With America's entry to World War II, the USATC needed a developed design from which a large number of locomotives could be constructed to run on the wrecked railways of Europe, deploying military hardware and civilian goods. Hence, the development of the S160 Class, designed by Maj. J. W. Marsh from the Railway Branch of the Corps of Engineers, which drew on previous locomotives, using [[austerity]] principles, and was built using methods which allowed for efficient and fast construction, and a long life,<ref name="Turkey1"/> including axlebox grease lubricators, and rolled plates in preference to castings.<br />
<br />
With cast frames (a few had frames which were flame-cut from rolled steel slabs)<ref>American Locomotive Company Frame drawing 466S119000</ref> and cast wheels, the front two driving axles were sprung independently from the rear two driving axles, to cater for running on poor-quality track. The larger tender layout was derived from the similar design of the British [[WD Austerity 2-8-0]], with an inset coal bunker above the water tank to improve visibility when running backwards.<br />
<br />
==Construction==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Builders<br />
!Construction<br />numbers<br />
!Years<br />
!Quantity<br />
! USATC numbers<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|[[American Locomotive Company]]<br />
|{{center|70431 – 70455}}<br />
|{{center|1942}}<br />
|{{center|25}}<br />
|{{center|1600 – 1624}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{center|70278 – 70302}}<br />
|{{center|1942}}<br />
|{{center|25}}<br />
|{{center|1625 – 1649}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{center|70457 – 70483}}<br />
|{{center|1942}}<br />
|{{center|27}}<br />
|{{center|1650 – 1676}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|[[Baldwin Locomotive Works]]<br />
|{{center|67661 – 67685}}<br />
|{{center|1943}}<br />
|{{center|25}}<br />
|{{center|1677 – 1701}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{center|64641 – 64665}}<br />
|{{center|1942}}<br />
|{{center|25}}<br />
|{{center|1702 – 1726}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{center|67561 – 67660}}<br />
|{{center|1942}}<br />
|{{center|100}}<br />
|{{center|1727 – 1826}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Lima Locomotive Works]]<br />
|{{center|8058 – 8101}}<br />
|{{center|1942}}<br />
|{{center|44}}<br />
|{{center|1827 – 1870}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{center|8102 – 8157}}<br />
|{{center|1943}}<br />
|{{center|56}}<br />
|{{center|1871 – 1926}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|American Locomotive Company<br />
|{{center|70514 – 70531}}<br />
|{{center|1942}}<br />
|{{center|18}}<br />
|{{center|2032 – 2049}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{center|70532 – 70540}}<br />
|{{center|1942}}<br />
|{{center|9}}<br />
|{{center|2050 – 2058}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{center|70541 – 70633}}<br />
|{{center|1943}}<br />
|{{center|93}}<br />
|{{center|2059 – 2151}}<br />
|-<br />
|Lima Locomotive Works<br />
|{{center|8158 – 8247}}<br />
|{{center|1943}}<br />
|{{center|90}}<br />
|{{center|2152 – 2241}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|Baldwin Locomotive Works<br />
|{{center|69485 – 69574}}<br />
|{{center|1943}}<br />
|{{center|90}}<br />
|{{center|2242 – 2331}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{center|69589 – 69639}}<br />
|{{center|1943}}<br />
|{{center|51}}<br />
|{{center|2332 – 2382}}<br />
|-<br />
|American Locomotive Company<br />
|{{center|70749 – 70808}}<br />
|{{center|1943}}<br />
|{{center|60}}<br />
|{{center|2400 – 2459}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|Lima Locomotive Works<br />
|{{center|8317 – 8376}}<br />
|{{center|1943}}<br />
|{{center|60}}<br />
|{{center|2500 – 2559}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{center|8262 – 8291}}<br />
|{{center|1943}}<br />
|{{center|30}}<br />
|{{center|2560 – 2589}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|Baldwin Locomotive Works<br />
|{{center|69818 – 69867}}<br />
|{{center|1943}}<br />
|{{center|50}}<br />
|{{center|2590 – 2639}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{center|69903 – 70038}}<br />
|{{center|1943}}<br />
|{{center|136}}<br />
|{{center|2640 – 2775}}<br />
|-<br />
|Lima Locomotive Works<br />
|{{center|8429 – 8456}}<br />
|{{center|1943}}<br />
|{{center|28}}<br />
|{{center|2776 – 2803}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"|American Locomotive Company<br />
|{{center|70959 – 71008}}<br />
|{{center|1943}}<br />
|{{center|50}}<br />
|{{center|2804 – 2853}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{center|71051 – 71186}}<br />
|{{center|1943}}<br />
|{{center|136}}<br />
|{{center|2854 – 2989}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{center|71455 – 71459}}<br />
|{{center|1943}}<br />
|{{center|5}}<br />
|{{center|3200 – 3204}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{center|71460 – 71634}}<br />
|{{center|1944}}<br />
|{{center|175}}<br />
|{{center|3205 – 3379}}<br />
|-<br />
|Baldwin Locomotive Works<br />
|{{center|70337 – 70516}}<br />
|{{center|1944}}<br />
|{{center|180}}<br />
|{{center|3380 – 3559}}<br />
|-<br />
|Lima Locomotive Works<br />
|{{center|8473 – 8612}}<br />
|{{center|1944}}<br />
|{{center|140}}<br />
|{{center|3560 – 3699}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|American Locomotive Company<br />
|{{center|71895 – 71944}}<br />
|{{center|1943}}<br />
|{{center|50}}<br />
|{{center|3700 – 3749}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{center|73394 – 73475}}<br />
|{{center|1945}}<br />
|{{center|82}}<br />
|{{center|4402 – 4483}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5"|Lima Locomotive Works<br />
|{{center|8814 – 8858}}<br />
|{{center|1945}}<br />
|{{center|45}}<br />
|{{center|5155 – 5199}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{center|8623 – 8662}}<br />
|{{center|1944}}<br />
|{{center|40}}<br />
|{{center|5700 – 5739}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{center|8678 – 8699}}<br />
|{{center|1944}}<br />
|{{center|22}}<br />
|{{center|5740 – 5761}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{center|8700 – 8707}}<br />
|{{center|1944}}<br />
|{{center|8}}<br />
|{{center|5762 – 5769}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{center|8708 – 8797}}<br />
|{{center|1945}}<br />
|{{center|90}}<br />
|{{center|5770 – 5859}}<br />
|-<br />
|Baldwin Locomotive Works<br />
|{{center|72058 – 72112}}<br />
|{{center|1945}}<br />
|{{center|55}}<br />
|{{center|6024 – 6078}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==British deployment==<br />
800 locomotives were constructed in 1942/3 in thirteen batches, split between [[American Locomotive Company|ALCO]], [[Baldwin Locomotive Works|Baldwin]] and [[Lima Locomotive Works]]. Shipped to [[South Wales]] and dispatched from the [[Great Western Railway]] locomotive depot at Ebbw Junction, [[Newport, Wales|Newport]], the first 43 locomotives were transferred to the [[London & North Eastern Railway]]'s [[Doncaster Works]] for completion, and later running in over the [[East Coast Main Line]]. This started a pattern whereby each of the four British railway companies eventually deployed a total of 400 S160s under the guise of "running in," but factually replacing damaged stock and increasing the capacity of the British railway system to allow for shipping of military pre-invasion equipment and troops. The eventual deployment of S160's were:<br />
<br />
*174 to the [[Great Western Railway]]<br />
*168 to the [[London & North Eastern Railway]]<br />
*50 to the [[London, Midland & Scottish Railway]]<br />
*6 to the [[Southern Railway (England)|Southern Railway]]<br />
<br />
The second batch of 400 S160s were prepared for storage by USATC personnel at the Great Western's Ebbw Junction locomotive depot in the immediate run-up to [[Normandy Landings|D-Day]]. After the D-Day invasion of [[Normandy]], the locomotives were deployed across Britain again began to be collected and be refurbished at Ebbw Junction in preparation for shipment to Europe.<br />
<br />
===Operational failures===<br />
The S160s were designed for quick and efficient building, not long-term operations, thus compromises in design led to some difficulties in operation. The axle-box grease-lubricators were not very efficient, particularly when maintenance procedures lapsed or were delayed for operational war reasons, and so axle-boxes often ran hot.<ref name="LNER, S160">{{cite web |url = http://www.lner.info/locos/O/s160.shtml |title = The USATC S160 2-8-0s |website= The London & North Eastern Railway (LNER) Encyclopedia }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Boddy|Brown|Neve|Yeadon|1983|p=99}}</ref> Braking was poor by modern standards, with a [[Westinghouse Air Brake Company|Westinghouse]] steam brake used for the locomotive,<ref name="Turkey1"/> which was woefully insufficient, due to the long distance from the driver's valve to the brake cylinder.<br />
<br />
A major fault of the S160 was use of a single water gauge of a Klinger design, unfamiliar to U.K. crews; it was necessary to open the top and bottom cocks slowly or the [[check valve]]s would close, trapping water in the gauge and giving a false reading.<ref>{{cite web |title=Installation and service guide for Klinger reflex gauges for saturated steam |url=http://www.tc-fluidcontrol.com/documents/installation--service-guide-reflex-d-steam/?direct=1 |access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref> If the valves were not fully open, the crews could be misled into thinking that the water level was adequate, even though it was becoming dangerously low. When a low water condition allowed the crown sheet to overheat, the stay bolts holding the crown sheet would fail with little warning, resulting in a boiler explosion.<ref name="Poland1"/> In a space of ten months, three UK S160s suffered a collapse of the firebox crown, with the first leading to the death of a GWR fireman on No. 2403 in November 1943. Although there are claims that the stay bolts or firebox design were less than for domestic locomotive boilers, the locomotives were equipped with a "boiler built to comply in all aspects with the A.S.M.E. Boiler Code, except that the shell shall have a factor safety of 4."<ref>Baldwin Locomotive Works Specification No. 43-F-19 for United States Government class 2-8-0 19S.</ref><br />
<br />
==Deployment==<br />
Judging accurately the actual deployment of 2120 locomotives is difficult, but the following numbers are referenced:<ref name="Poland1">{{Cite web |title=Tr201 and Tr203 |url=http://locomotives.com.pl/Freight%20Steam%20Locomotives/Tr201.htm |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=locomotives.com.pl}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Europe===<br />
The British locomotives, together with those shipped direct from America were also similarly deployed first with troops reclaiming Europe, and then subsumed throughout European national railways as replacements for their destroyed stock after the war:<br />
[[File:A Budapest-Szob vasútvonal a község Zebegény felé eső határában, pályafelújítás. Háttérben a visegrádi fellegvár. Fortepan 87395.jpg|thumb|MÁV 411.061 on the [[Budapest]] to [[Szob]] line at [[Zebegény]] in 1971]]<br />
[[File:Loco 6046 - 51351732860.jpg|thumb|Loco 6046 at [[Didcot Railway Centre|Didcot]]]]<br />
[[File:S160 USATC Class No.5197 at Churnet Valley Railway..jpg|thumb|S160 USATC Class No.5197 at Churnet Valley Railway]]<br />
*[[Austria]], [[ÖBB]] Class '''956''' – 30 examples, all scrapped<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.30937.co.uk/AUST_CLASS_STEA_OBB.htm |title = 30937.co.uk}}</ref><br />
*[[Czechoslovakia]], [[Czechoslovak State Railways|ČSD]] Class '''456.1''' – 80 examples, last of them (456.173) withdrawn in 1972 and scrapped the following year<br />
*[[France]], [[SNCF]] Class '''140U''' – 121 examples, all passed on to other countries by 1947;<br />
*[[Germany]] – 40 examples briefly used in 1947 in American and British zones, based in [[Bremen]]. All sold to Hungary in August 1947;<br />
*[[Greece]], [[SEK Class Θγ|Class '''Θγ''']] (THg) – 27 examples received in 1947 (Θγ 521 to 537 and Θγ 551 to 560), plus 25 examples bought from Italian FS railways in 1959 (Θγ 571 to 595);<br />
*[[Hungary]], [[MÁV]] [[MÁV Class 411|Class '''411''']] – 510 examples, bought at $10 000 for coal-fired ones, and $10 000, $16 000 or $20 000 for oil-fired ones, depending on condition. 484 were put into service with road numbers from 411,001 through 411,484. A further 26 were cannibalized for spares;<ref name="Churnet">[http://cvr-extra.mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk/5197.htm USATC S160 2-8-0 No. 5197 & 6046] The Churnet Valley Guide</ref><br />
*[[Italy]], [[Ferrovie dello Stato|FS]] [[FS Class 736|Class '''736''']] – 244 examples, plus four salvaged from a sunken ship, all but eight with oil firing. 25 sold to Greece in 1959, the rest were withdrawn in early 1960s<br />
*[[Poland]], [[Polish State Railways|PKP]] Class '''Tr201''' – PKP received 75 S160s from UNRRA and numbered them Tr201-1 through 75; a further 500 arrived from the USATC as class '''Tr203''', numbered Tr203-1 through 500.<ref name="Churnet"/> In PKP service, boiler pressure was reduced to {{convert|13|bar|kPa psi|abbr=on}} and maximum speed was set at {{convert|65|km/h|abbr=on}}. Modifications included fitting Trofimov piston valves, electric headlights and cab side doors. One engine was converted to a [[Tank locomotive]] in 1957, and designated class '''TKr55'''<ref name="Poland1"/><br />
*[[Soviet Union]], Class '''Ш<sup>A</sup>''' (Sh<sup>A</sup>) – 200 machines ordered from Baldwin (Ш<sup>A</sup> 1 to 90) and ALCO (Ш<sup>A</sup> 91 to 200), designated S162s and S166s. Ш<sup>A</sup> 52 to 55, 69 and 70 were lost en route to [[Vladivostok]] and Ш<sup>A</sup> 13 remained in the USA.<ref name=rakov>{{Harvnb|Rakov|1995|pp=338–339}}</ref> In 1957, 50 of them were for {{track gauge|1067mm|lk=on}} track and used by the southern [[Sakhalin Railway]]<ref name=rakov/><br />
*[[Spain]], Renfe Class 553 – in 1958 the [[Alaska Railroad]] sold six S160s to the [[Ferrocarril de Langreo]]<ref>{{Harvnb|Tourret|1977|pp=63–64}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gregoriou.itgo.com/custom4.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050405214111/http://www.gregoriou.itgo.com/custom4.html|url-status=unfit|title=USATC steam and diesel locomotives 1942-1947|archivedate=5 April 2005|website=www.gregoriou.itgo.com}}</ref><ref>http://www.ratrust.org/Photos/Spain/Locomotives/Narrow_Gauge__W_/N_G__West/n_g__west_23.html{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
*[[Turkey]], [[Turkish State Railways|TCDD]] [[TCDD 45171 Class|Class '''45171''']] – 50 units, numbered 45171 to 45220<ref name="Turkey1"/><br />
*[[United Kingdom]] – none in use with any of the mainline railways after World War II, as almost all were exported post D-Day. However, one was kept back by the British Army, ALCO-built works number 71512, and used at the [[Longmoor Military Railway]] as WD 93257 "Carl R Gray Jr" until it was scrapped in 1957.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.railalbum.co.uk/steam-locomotives/usatc-s160-1.htm|title=Rail Album - USATC S-160 2-8-0s Part 1|website=www.railalbum.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://mikemorant.smugmug.com/Trains-Railways-British-Isles/Miscellaneous/Longmoor-Military-Railway/i-qHrMpwM/A |title = Longmoor Military Railway - MikeMorant}}</ref> Some have now been re-imported for use by [[Heritage railway|preserved railways]].<br />
*[[Yugoslavia]], [[Jugoslovenske Železnice|JŽ]] Class '''37''' - 80 examples.<br />
<br />
===Africa===<br />
At the same time as S160s were being deployed into Britain, when [[George S. Patton|General Patton]] led American troops in [[Operation Torch]] into the [[North African Campaign]], their Transport Corps brought the S160s with them. These locomotives moved across the north of the continent as Patton's troops waged war, and when the troops moved to Italy the majority of their S160s moved up with them. These locomotives, supplemented with those directly imported from America, were eventually to create a group of 243 locomotives, subsumed by the [[Ferrovie dello Stato|Italian State Railway's]] to become the '''FS Class 736''' class.<br />
<br />
*[[Algeria]], Class '''140-U''' – number unknown<br />
*[[Morocco]], Class '''140-B''' – number unknown<br />
*[[Tunisia]], Class '''140-250''' – number unknown<br />
<br />
===Americas===<br />
[[File:FEMRR Lima 2-8-0 No. 607.jpg|thumb|607 at the [[U.S. Army Transportation Museum]]]]<br />
*[[Mexico]], although it has been claimed that class '''GR-28''' – 10 examples purchased by [[Mexican Railway|FCM]] directly from Baldwin in 1946 and allocated service numbers 211 to 220, were derived from the S-160, unlike an S-160 the spacing of the third and fourth driver is wider than between the other two, driver diameter is given as 60 inch vs 57 inch, and bore and stroke are 22X28 vs 19X26.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jdhsmith.math.iastate.edu/term/slmxfnm.htm|title = NdeM steam locomotives}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=Donald |date=2021 |title=Nacionales de Mexico Steam Locomotives |url=https://donsdepot.donrossgroup.net/dr308.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704133759/http://donsdepot.donrossgroup.net/dr308.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=4 July 2008 |website=Don's Depot}}</ref><br />
*[[Peru]], class '''80''' – 2 examples, with different [[Janney coupler|couplers]], probably directly from ALCO in 1943<br />
*[[United States]] – an unknown number with USATC and then various military transportation units. Five surplus to requirements of the [[Alaska Railroad]] later shipped to Spain<br />
<br />
===Asia===<br />
[[File:KD6 487 with A121 at Diaobingshan (20260121102506).jpg|thumb|The KD6-487 hauling a heritage tourist train in [[Diaobingshan]], Liaoning, China]]<br />
Under the [[United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration]], a number of S160s were deployed to [[China]] and [[South Korea]].<ref>[http://freespace.virgin.net/rio.grande/cn/pics2/sy_pics1984.html Vintage Shenyang Area Pictures] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827044357/http://freespace.virgin.net/rio.grande/cn/pics2/sy_pics1984.html |date=2007-08-27 }} January 1985</ref> In addition to this, a 1944 batch of 60 from Baldwin were sent to India and locally assembled.<br />
<br />
* [[China]], '''KD6''' Class – number unknown. Many were modernized with larger cabs, higher stacks, some fitted with large smoke lifters with horizontal riffles. They were later transferred to industrial operators, mainly coal mines. The last example was withdrawn in 1990, with 2 surviving; 463 & 487.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cotterill |first1=Duncan |date=2002 |title=Chinese Steam Locomotive Profiles: KD6 Class 2-8-0s |url=http://www.railography.co.uk/info/cn_steam/profiles/kd6.htm |access-date=13 November 2022 |website=Railography}}</ref><br />
* [[North Korea]], '''8000''' series - number unknown. The DPRK's S160s came from the Soviet Union and China, starting almost immediately following the end of the Second World War,<ref name="Hayato">Hayato, Kokubu, 将軍様の鉄道 (Shōgun-sama no Tetsudō), p. 110, {{ISBN|978-4-10-303731-6}}</ref> and the [[Korean State Railway]] eventually numbered them in the 8000 series. Ironically, the S160s were used by both North and South Korean forces during this conflict.<ref>[http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/steam/trains/nkorea04.htm A Glimpse of North Korea's Railways] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502142007/http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/steam/trains/nkorea04.htm |date=2008-05-02 }} Florian Schmidt for Continental Railway Journal</ref><br />
* [[South Korea]], '''소리2''' (Sori2) class, 소리2-1 — 소리2-100. 100 S160s were delivered to the [[Korail|Korean National Railroad]] in 1947.<ref name="dons">{{cite web|url=http://donsdepot.donrossgroup.net/dr142.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506205953/http://donsdepot.donrossgroup.net/dr142.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=6 May 2008|title=Korean National CS-2 2-8-0s|website=donsdepot.donrossgroup.net|date=6 August 2023 }}</ref> In KNR service they were used primarily in yard duty and occasional short local trains, but they were not popular with Korean locomotive crews, as they were right-hand drive on a left-running railway.<ref name="dons"/><br />
* [[India]], [[Indian locomotive class AWC|Class '''AWC''']] – 60 locomotives were sent to India in kit form for local assembly as {{track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] engines. Originally allocated USATC numbers 3433–3492 (Baldwin 70390–70449, 1944) they had their running numbers increased by 3000 by the Indian authorities to avoid numbers in use by the local railway companies.<ref name=Hughes>{{Harvnb|Hughes|1979|pp=35–36}}</ref> They were split between the [[East Indian Railway]] and the [[South Indian Railway]]; at the all-India renumbering scheme the former EIR locomotives became 22601–22614, and SIR locomotives became 22615–22660.<ref name=Hughes /> Forty-five were still in service as of June 1977.<ref name=Hughes /><br />
<br />
==Class designation==<br />
{{original research|section|date=May 2015}}<br />
Although "S160" has been popularly adopted as the class identification for this design of War Department Consolidation, it can not be verified as an official designation despite considerable research. The S160 designation is not found in 1942 and 1943 Baldwin drawing indexes,<ref>The Baldwin Locomotive Works Drawing Record, Sales Order No. 42302, July 9, 1942</ref><ref>Baldwin Locomotive Works Drawing Index for Sales Order Number 43306, August 7, 1943</ref> the Lima drawing index for the class,<ref>Lima Locomotive Works Direct Locomotive Card Index, United States War Department Type 2-8-0, with updates annotated through April 27, 1945.</ref> nor in meeting minutes<ref>U.S. War Department Memoranda of Interview dated May 18 and June 2, 15, and 16, 1942.</ref> in which representatives of the War Department and the three builders made several design decisions prior to production. It is also not found in any of approximately 900 engineering drawings which are still in existence. The Baldwin designation for the design, 2-8-0-19S, is found in their drawing indexes, on some drawings, and is stamped onto major locomotive components on examples built by Baldwin.<br />
<br />
==Variants==<br />
There were several major variants of the S160 class, excluding in-life design development:<br />
*S161 - designed for deployment in [[Jamaica]] on British military railways used by the United States. Later subsumed by the [[Jamaica Railway Corporation]]<ref name="Poland1"/><br />
*S162 and S166 - both designed for Russian five foot broad gauge track.<br />
*Sixty {{railgauge|indian}} broad gauge examples were constructed for use in India in 1944 as part of an order for 180 locomotives which also include one locomotive configured to Alaska Railroad specifications. <br />
*There were several variations in equipment from the "standard" design for the War Department Consolidations, depending on the user. Typically, European-style buffers and couplers and kerosene lighting were fitted. Examples for India, the U.S.S.R., at least six purchased new for the Alaska Railroad, and possibly approximately 10 which remained on U.S. Army bases were fitted with turbo-generators and electric lighting. The six purchased new for the Alaska Railroad were also fitted by Baldwin with U.S. style automatic couplers, bells, power reverse, and U.S. style pilots.<ref>Baldwin Locomotive Works Specification No. 43-F-19 for Class 2-8-0 19S nos. 476 to 479 (Alaska Railroad 551 through 554), July 20, 1943</ref> Some later production had screw type reverse gear. The War Department also required that the locomotives could be configured to burn either coal or oil.<br />
<br />
==Preservation==<br />
Mainly due to their numbers, rather than the design or build quality, at least 26 examples of the S160 have survived into preservation, making them one of the most numerous survivors of all Mainline Steam Locomotives:<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!'''USATC No.'''<br />
!'''Builder'''<br />
!'''Post World War II Owner'''<br />
!'''Current Owner'''<br />
!'''Location'''<br />
!'''Image'''<br />
!'''Notes'''<br />
|-<br />
|1631<br />
|Alco 70284<br />
|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[MÁV]] 411.388<br />
|[[Great Central Railway (Nottingham)]]<br />
|{{flagicon|UK}}[[Ruddington]], [[Nottinghamshire]]<br />
| [[File:NottinghamTransportHeritageCentre1631'sBoiler.JPG|center|150px]]<br />
|under restoration<ref name=SteamRailway535>{{cite magazine |title=Ruddington S160 trip put up for sale |magazine=Steam Railway |issue=535 |date=19 August 2022 |page=21}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|2138<br />
|Alco 70620<br />
|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[MÁV]] 411.380<br />
|[[Great Central Railway (Nottingham)]]<br />
|{{flagicon|UK}}[[Ruddington]], [[Nottinghamshire]]<br />
|<br />
|Source of strategic spares for 1631<ref name=SteamRailway535/><br />
|-<br />
|2364<br />
|Baldwin 69621<br />
|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[MÁV]] 411.337<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.steamlocomotive.info/vlocomotive.cfm?Display=27903|title = Steam Locomotive Information}}</ref><br />
|[[Great Central Railway (Nottingham)]]<br />
|{{flagicon|UK}}[[Ruddington]], [[Nottinghamshire]]<br />
|<br />
|Chassis only, source for strategic spares for 1631<ref name=SteamRailway535/><br />
|-<br />
|2627<br />
|Baldwin 69855<br />
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Alaska Railroad]] 556<br />
|[[Anchorage, Alaska|City of Anchorage]]<br />
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Anchorage, Alaska|Anchorage]], [[Alaska]]<br />
|[[File:Former Alaska Railroad locomotive on display at Delaney Park Strip, Anchorage, Alaska.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
|Restored for static display in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.muni.org/Departments/parks/Pages/DelaneyParkLocomotive.aspx|title = Delaney Park Locomotive 556 Improvement Project|access-date=10 February 2024}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Alaska Railroad 557|3523]]<br />
|Baldwin 70480<br />
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Alaska Railroad]] 557<br />
|Engine 557 Restoration Company<ref>{{cite web |title=Engine 557 Restoration Company |url=https://heritagerail.org/visit/engine-557-restoration-company/ |website=HeritageRail Alliance |access-date=10 February 2024}}</ref><br />
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Wasilla, Alaska]]<br />
|<br />
|Under restoration for operation from August, 2012 through present (as of March 2025).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alaskarails.org/pix/former-loco/557/restore/progress-reports/2024_01/Pyle-National-headlight-comes-home.html|title=ARR Locomotive #557 - History is where you find it!|website=www.alaskarails.org}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|5846<br />
|Lima 8784<br />
|{{flagicon|USA}} US Army 606<br />
|Crewe Railroad Museum<br />
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Crewe, Virginia|Crewe]], [[Virginia]]<br />
|[[File:Engine - panoramio.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
|Re-lettered to Norfolk and Western #606<br />
|-<br />
|5187<br />
|Lima 8846<br />
|{{flagicon|USA}} US Army 5187; US Army 607<br />
|[[U.S. Army Transportation Museum|US Army Transportation Museum]]<br />
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Fort Eustis Military Railroad]]<br />
|[[File:FEMRR Lima 2-8-0 No. 607.jpg|center|150px]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2628<br />
|Baldwin 69856<br />
|{{flagicon|USA}} US Army 611<br />
|[[Bill Miller Equipment Sales]]<br />
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Eckhart Mines]], [[Maryland]]<br />
|<br />
|Fitted with [[Valve gear|Franklin Type B Rotary Cam Poppet valve gear]],{{citation needed|date=February 2024|reason=Unreliable source removed}} which is intended for use on the [[Pennsylvania Railroad 5550|PRR 5550 project]], undergoing restoration. [[Tender (rail)|Tender]] supposedly used behind ''Pershing'' [[Southern Pine Lumber Co. 28|No. 28]] in [[Texas]].<br />
|-<br />
|2630<br />
|Baldwin 69858<br />
|{{flagicon|USA}} US Army 612<br />
|[[Age of Steam Roundhouse]]<br />
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Sugarcreek, Ohio|Sugarcreek]], [[Ohio]]<br />
|[[File:Steam locomotive at the Age of Steam Roundhouse April 2022 5.jpg|center|150px]]<br />
|From [[Southeastern Railway Museum]], [[Duluth, Georgia]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Great Smoky Mountains Railroad 1702|1702]]<br />
|Baldwin 64641<br />
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Reader Railroad]]<br />
|[[Great Smoky Mountains Railroad]]<br />
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Bryson City, North Carolina|Bryson City]], [[North Carolina]]<br />
|[[File:GSMR 1702 at Bryson City, NC - June 18, 2022.jpg|center|150px]]<br />
|Operational<br />
|-<br />
|5197<br />
|Lima 8856<br />
|{{flagicon|China}} Fushun Industrial Railway, #KD6.463<br />
|[[Churnet Valley Railway]]<br />
|{{flagicon|UK}} [[Stoke-on-Trent]], [[Staffordshire]]<br />
|[[File:5197 at Cheddleton.jpg|center|150px]]<br />
|Overhaul began 2013, returned to service February 2017. <br />
|-<br />
|?<br />
|?<br />
|{{flagicon|China}} Fushun Industrial Railway, #KD6.487<br />
|Tiefa Railway <ref>https://www.railography.co.uk/info/cn_steam/profiles/kd6.htm</ref><br />
|{{flagicon|China}}<br />
|<br />
|Preserved on the Tiefa railway. <br />
|-<br />
|6046<br />
|Baldwin 72080<br />
|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[MÁV]] 411.144<br />
|[[Churnet Valley Railway]]<br />
|{{flagicon|UK}} [[Stoke-on-Trent]], [[Staffordshire]]<br />
|[[File:Loco 6046 - 51351732860.jpg|center|150px]]<br />
|Overhaul finished July 2012, Returned to service December 2012.<br />
|-<br />
|2253<br />
|Baldwin 69496<br />
|{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Polish State Railways|PKP]] Tr.203.208<br />
|Peter Best<br />
|{{flagicon|UK}} [[Dartmouth Steam Railway]]{{citation needed|date=February 2024|reason=Unreliable source removed}}<br />
|[[File:Paignton - USATC 2253.JPG|center|150px]]<br />
| 6 June 2019 Full restoration completed by Steam Powered Services in Stockton. Renamed [[Omaha Beach]] (shortened to 'Omaha') honouring the 75th anniversary of the D-Day invasion.<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rolling stock of the Keighley & Worth Valley Railway|5820]]<br />
|Lima 8758<br />
|{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Polish State Railways|PKP]] Tr.203.474<br />
|[[Keighley & Worth Valley Railway]]<br />
|{{flagicon|UK}} [[West Yorkshire]]<br />
|[[File:S160 'Big Jim' 5820 on the run round loop at Oxenhope at the KWVR.jpg|center|150px]]<br />
|Returned to service in January 2014 following overhaul<br />
|-<br />
|3278<br />
|Baldwin 70340<br />
|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ferrovie dello Stato|FS]] 736.073; {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Hellenic State Railways|SEK]] Θγ575<br />
|Richard Stone<br />
|{{flagicon|UK}}[[Stoke-on-Trent]], [[Staffordshire]]<br />
|[[File:USATC S160 Class No. 3278 'Franklin D. Roosevelt'.jpg|center|150px]]<br />
| #701 ''Franklin D. Roosevelt'', under overhaul at [[Churnet Valley Railway]], last steamed at [[Watercress Line]] in 1999.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Third S160 for Chedderton in Restore and Run Arrangement |magazine=[[Steam Railway]] |issue=504 |date=April 2020 |page=28}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|5164<br />
|Lima 8823<br />
|{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Polish State Railways|PKP]] Tr.201.51<br />
|[[Polish State Railways|Polskie Koleje Państwowe]]<br />
|{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Jaworzyna Śląska]]<br />
|[[File:Museum of Industry and Railway in Lower Silesia 2021 P24 Tr201.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2438<br />
|ALCO 70787<br />
|{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Polish State Railways|PKP]] Tr.203.296 <br />
|[[Polish State Railways|Polskie Koleje Państwowe]]<br />
|{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Jaworzyna Śląska]]<br />
|[[File:Tr203 296 Javorzyna-Slaska.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|5801<br />
|Lima 8739<br />
|{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Polish State Railways|PKP]] Tr203-451 <br />
|[[Polish State Railways|Polskie Koleje Państwowe]]<br />
|{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Warsaw Railway Museum]]<br />
|[[File:Tr203-451 - Warsaw Rail Museum.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|3540<br />
|Baldwin 70497<br />
|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[MÁV]] 411.118<br />
| [[Hungarian Railway Museum]]<br />
|{{flagicon|Hungary}}[[Budapest]]<br />
|[[File:MÁV 411,118.jpg|center|150px]]<br />
|Operational, wore incorrect builders plate from ALCO 70587. Correct builder's plate restored in July, 2020.{{citation needed|date=February 2024|reason=Unreliable source removed}}<br />
|-<br />
|2781<br />
|Lima 8434<br />
|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[MÁV]] 411.264<br />
|Railway station<br />
|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Hatvan]]<br />
|[[File:Hungary, Kisterenye MAV depot with 411 264 rattlesnake.jpg|150px]]<br />
|Plinthed<br />
|-<br />
|6056<br />
|Baldwin 72090<br />
|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[MÁV]] 411.358<br />
|Railway station<br />
|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Hegyeshalom]] <br />
| [[File:Hegyeshalom 411,358.jpg|center|150px]]<br />
|Plinthed<br />
|-<br />
|1786<br />
|Baldwin 67679<br />
|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[MÁV]] 411.005<br />
|Unknown<br />
|{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Komarom]]<br />
|<br />
|Boiler only.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.steamlocomotive.info/vlocomotive.cfm?Display=20196|title = Steam Locomotive Information}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2206<br />
|Lima 8212<br />
|{{flagicon|Greece}} [[Hellenic State Railways|SEK]] Θγ 525<br />
|[[Hellenic Railways Organisation|OSE]]<br />
|{{flagicon|Greece}} Thessaloniki Old Depot<br />
|<br />
|stored<br />
|-<br />
|2524<br />
|Lima 8341<br />
|{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkish State Railways|TCDD]] 45172<br />
|[[Turkish State Railways]]<br />
|{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Çamlık Railway Museum]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2879<br />
|Alco 71076<br />
|{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkish State Railways|TCDD]] 45174<br />
|[[Turkish State Railways]]<br />
|{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[TCDD Open Air Steam Locomotive Museum|Ankara Railway Museum]]<br />
| [[File:Steam locomotive No.45174 Ankara Museum.JPG|center|150px]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|3292<br />
|Alco 71547<br />
|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ferrovie dello Stato|FS]] 736.083<br />
|Museo Ferroviario Piemontese<br />
|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Turin]]<br />
|[[File:FS 736.086 retro.JPG|150x150px]]<br />
|Awaiting restoration<br />
|-<br />
|3324<br />
|Alco 71579<br />
|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ferrovie dello Stato|FS]] 736.114<br />
|[[Ferrovie dello Stato|FS]] <br />
|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Pietrarsa railway museum]]<br />
|[[File:Museo nazionale ferroviario di Pietrarsa - locomotiva 736.114.jpg|150x150px]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|—<br />
|Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton 75503<br />
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Tennessee Valley Railroad 610|US Army 610]]<br />
|[[Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum]]<br />
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Chattanooga]], [[Tennessee]]<br />
|[[File:Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum - panoramio.jpg|center|150px]]<br />
|Out of service for its 1472 inspection & rebuild. 610 is technically not an S-160 but classified as a type A, constructed in 1952<br />
|-<br />
|3524<br />
|Baldwin 70481<br />
|{{flagicon|Greece}} [[Hellenic State Railways|SEK]] Θγ 532<br />
|[[Hellenic Railways Organisation|OSE]]<br />
|{{flagicon|Greece}} Thessaloniki Old Depot<br />
|[[File:SEK Class Θγ No. Θγ532.jpg|150px]]<br />
|stored<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|2226<br />
|Lima 8232<br />
|{{flagicon|Greece}} [[Hellenic State Railways|SEK]] Θγ 535<br />
|[[Hellenic Railways Organisation|OSE]]<br />
|{{flagicon|Greece}} Thessaloniki Old Depot<br />
|<br />
|stored<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|3299<br />
|ALCo 71554<br />
|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ferrovie dello Stato|FS]] 736.090;{{flagicon|Greece}} [[Hellenic State Railways|SEK]] Θγ 576<br />
|[[Hellenic Railways Organisation|OSE]]<br />
|{{flagicon|Greece}} Tithorea Depot<br />
|<br />
|stored. Oil burner, bought from Italian FS (Class 736) in 1959<br />
|-<br />
|3420<br />
|Baldwin 70377<br />
|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ferrovie dello Stato|FS]] 736.158;{{flagicon|Greece}} [[Hellenic State Railways|SEK]] Θγ 584<br />
|[[Hellenic Railways Organisation|OSE]]<br />
|{{flagicon|Greece}} Thessaloniki Old Depot<br />
|[[File:SEK Class Θγ No. Θγ584.jpg|150px]]<br />
|stored. Oil burner, bought from Italian FS (Class 736) in 1959. Has tender from Θγ 689<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|3698<br />
|Lima 8611<br />
|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ferrovie dello Stato|FS]] 736.207;{{flagicon|Greece}} [[Hellenic State Railways|SEK]] Θγ 593<br />
|[[Hellenic Railways Organisation|OSE]]<br />
|{{flagicon|Greece}} Thessaloniki Depot<br />
|<br />
|stored. Oil burner, bought from Italian FS (Class 736) in 1959<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[USATC S100 Class]], a tank engine also built by the US Army Transportation Corps for wartime export<br />
* [[WD Austerity 2-8-0|WD Austerity Class]], a comparable 2-8-0 built in Britain for the war effort<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=35em}}<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
*{{cite book |last1=Boddy |first1=M.G. |last2=Brown |first2=W.A. |last3=Neve |first3=E. |last4=Yeadon |first4=W.B. |author-link4=Willie Yeadon |editor-last=Fry |editor-first=E.V. |title=Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., part 6B: Tender Engines - Classes O1 to P2 |date=November 1983 |publisher=[[Railway Correspondence & Travel Society]] |location=Kenilworth |isbn=0-901115-54-1 }}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Hughes |first=Hugh |year=1979 |title=Steam Locomotives in India, Part 3 – Broad Gauge |location=Harrow, Middlesex |publisher=The Continental Railway Circle |isbn=0-9503469-4-2 }}<br />
*{{cite book |last=Rakov |first=V. A. |title=Lokomotivy otechestvennykh zheleznykh dorog 1845–1955 |location=Moscow |year=1995 |isbn=5-277-00821-7 |language=ru}}<br />
*{{cite book |first=R. |last=Tourret |title=United States Army Transportation Corps Locomotives |location=Abingdon |publisher=Tourret Publishing |year=1977 |isbn=0-905878-01-9 }}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category|USATC S160 Class}}<br />
*{{cite web|url=http://www.gregoriou.itgo.com/custom4.html |title=The USATC steam locomotives in Greece, 1947, 1959 |language=el |work=www.gregoriou.itgo.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111191553/http://www.gregoriou.itgo.com/custom4.html |archive-date=January 11, 2016 }}<br />
*{{cite web|url = http://www.trainsofturkey.com/w/pmwiki.php/Steam/45171| title =45171 to 45220|work=www.trainsofturkey.com}}<br />
<br />
{{navboxes<br />
|list =<br />
{{Broad gauge locomotives of India}}<br />
{{FS locos}}<br />
{{Locomotives of China}}<br />
{{PKP locomotives}}<br />
{{Rolling stock of Russia}}<br />
{{JŽ rolling stock}}<br />
{{Renfe_locomotives}}<br />
{{DPRKloco}}<br />
{{Korail rolling stock}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Usatc S160 Class}}<br />
[[Category:USATC S160 Class| ]]<br />
[[Category:United States Army locomotives|S160]]<br />
[[Category:ALCO locomotives]]<br />
[[Category:Baldwin locomotives]]<br />
[[Category:Lima locomotives]]<br />
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1942]]<br />
[[Category:Freight locomotives]]<br />
[[Category: 2-8-0 locomotives]]<br />
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives]]<br />
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Hungary]]<br />
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of China]]<br />
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Poland]]<br />
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Greece]]<br />
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Turkey]]<br />
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Italy]]<br />
[[Category:Standard-gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain]]<br />
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Austria]]<br />
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Czechoslovakia]]<br />
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of France]]<br />
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Germany]]<br />
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Yugoslavia]]<br />
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Algeria]]<br />
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Morocco]]<br />
[[Category:Standard gauge locomotives of Tunisia]]<br />
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Mexico]]<br />
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Peru]]<br />
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of North Korea]]<br />
[[Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of South Korea]]<br />
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Hungary]]<br />
[[Category:Steam locomotives of the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Steam locomotives of China]]<br />
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Poland]]<br />
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Greece]]<br />
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Turkey]]<br />
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Italy]]<br />
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Great Britain]]<br />
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Austria]]<br />
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Czechoslovakia]]<br />
[[Category:Steam locomotives of France]]<br />
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Germany]]<br />
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Yugoslavia]]<br />
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Tunisia]]<br />
[[Category:Steam locomotives of South Korea]]<br />
[[Category:Steam locomotives of India]]<br />
[[Category:Steam locomotives of the Soviet Union]]<br />
[[Category:Steam locomotives of Spain]]<br />
[[Category:1′D h2 locomotives]]<br />
[[Category:Lend-Lease in the Soviet Union]]<br />
<br />
[[it:Locomotiva FS 736]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Next_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election&diff=521820Next Gujarat Legislative Assembly election2026-05-08T13:34:26Z<p>RobbyAyres: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Elections for the 16th Legislative assembly of Gujarat}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox election<br />
| election_name = Next Gujarat Legislative Assembly election<br />
| country = India<br />
| type = Legislative<br />
| ongoing = yes<br />
| vote_type = party<br />
| previous_election = 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election<br />
| previous_year = 2022<br />
| next_election = <br />
| next_year = 2032<br />
| election_date = December 2027<br />
| seats_for_election = All 0 elected seats in the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| majority_seats = 92<br />
| map_image = [[File:Wahlkreise zur Vidhan Sabha von Gujarat.svg|300px]]<br />
| map2_image = <br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_caption = Map of the assembly constituencies in Gujarat<br />
| turnout = <br />
| outgoing_members = 15th Gujarat Assembly<br />
| elected_members = <br />
| image2 = {{eppt|Indian National Congress|height=120|width=100}}<br />
| leader2 = [[Amit Chavda]]<br />
| leader_since2 = 2025<br />
| leaders_seat2 = [[Anklav Assembly constituency|Anklav]]<br />
| last_election2 = 27.28%, 17 seats<br />
| party2 = Indian National Congress<br />
| alliance2 = <br />
| seats2 = <br />
| seat_change1 = <br />
| popular_vote1 = <br />
| percentage1 = <br />
| swing1 = <br />
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Chief Minister of Gujarat, Shri Bhupendra Patel (2).jpg<br />
|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=5}}<br />
| image1_size = 130px<br />
| leader1 = [[Bhupendrabhai Patel]]<br />
| leader_since1 = 2021<br />
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
| alliance1 = <br />
| leaders_seat1 = [[Ghatlodia Assembly constituency|Ghatlodia]]<br />
| last_election1 = 52.50%, 156 seats<br />
| seats1 = <br />
| seat_change2 = <br />
| popular_vote2 = <br />
| percentage2 = <br />
| swing2 = <br />
| title = [[Chief Minister of Gujarat|Chief Minister]]<br />
| before_election = [[Bhupendrabhai Patel]]<br />
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
| after_election = <br />
| after_party = <br />
| seats_before1 = 162<br />
| seats_needed1 = {{steady}}<br />
| seats_before2 = 12<br />
| seats_needed2 = {{increase}} 80<br />
| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Isudan Ghadvi Public Function 2022.png|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=5}}<br />
| leader3 = [[Isudan Gadhvi]]<br />
| leader_since3 = 2022<br />
| leaders_seat3 = [[Khambhalia Assembly constituency|Khambhalia]]<br />
| last_election3 = 12.92%, 5 seats<br />
| party3 = Aam Aadmi Party<br />
| alliance3 = <br />
| seats3 = <br />
| seats_before3 = 4<br />
| seats_needed3 = {{increase}} 88<br />
| seat_change3 = <br />
| popular_vote3 = <br />
| percentage3 = <br />
| swing3 = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
Legislative assembly elections are expected to be held in [[Elections in Gujarat|Gujarat]] in [[2027 elections in India|December 2027]] to elect all [[List of constituencies of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly|182 members]] of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/elections/term-of-houses/ |title=Legislative Assemblies : Term of State/House |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref> [[Bhupendrabhai Patel]] is the incumbent [[List of chief ministers of Gujarat|Chief Minister]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘You’ve suffered, now enough is enough’ — Rahul Gandhi says BJP set to meet Ayodhya fate in Gujarat|url=https://theprint.in/politics/youve-suffered-now-enough-is-enough-rahul-gandhi-says-bjp-set-to-meet-ayodhya-fate-in-gujarat/2163435/ |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=The Print}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AAP returns to Gujarat drawing board for 2027 roadmap post MLAs’ defection buzz|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/aap-returns-to-gujarat-drawing-board-2027-roadmap-8329786/ |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rahul Gandhi Asserts Congress Will Overthrow BJP in 2027 Gujarat Assembly Elections|url=https://www.theweekendleader.com/Headlines/79696/rahul-gandhi-asserts-congress-will-overthrow-bjp-in-2027-gujarat-assembly-elections.html |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=The Weekend Leader}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rahul Gandhi in Ahmedabad: ‘Congress will defeat BJP and Narendra Modi in Gujarat in 2027 like we did in Ayodhya’|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/rahul-gandhi-ahmedabad-congress-bjp-narendra-modi-gujarat-ayodhya-9436818/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rahul ‘writes’ 2027 Congress victory in Gujarat, but does it look possible|url=https://thefederal.com/category/videos/politics-finances-and-land-centre-state-battle-leaves-railway-projects-hanging-in-the-air-140801?infinitescroll=1 |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=The Federal}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Schedule==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Poll Event<br />
! Schedule<br />
|-<br />
| Notification Date<br />
| '''TBD'''<br />
|-<br />
| Last Date for filing nomination<br />
| '''TBD'''<br />
|-<br />
| Scrutiny of nomination<br />
| '''TBD'''<br />
|-<br />
| Last Date for Withdrawal of nomination<br />
| '''TBD'''<br />
|-<br />
| Date of Poll<br />
| '''TBD'''<br />
|-<br />
| Date of Counting of Votes<br />
| '''TBD'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Parties and Alliances==<br />
<br />
=== Bharatiya Janata Party ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="50%" style="text-align:center;<br />
! colspan="2" | Party <br />
!Flag<br />
!Symbol<br />
!Leader<br />
!Seats contested<br />
|-<br />
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| [[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]<br />
| [[File:Lotos flower symbol.svg|50px]]<br />
| [[Bhupendrabhai Patel]]<br />
| TBD<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Indian National Congress ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="50%" style="text-align:center;<br />
! colspan="2" | Party <br />
!Flag<br />
!Symbol<br />
!Leader<br />
!Seats contested<br />
|-<br />
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| [[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]<br />
| [[File:INC Hand.svg|50px]]<br />
| [[Amit Chavda]]<br />
| TBD<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Aam Admi Party ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="50%" style="text-align:center;<br />
! colspan="2" | Party <br />
!Flag<br />
!Symbol<br />
!Leader<br />
!Seats contested<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Aam Aadmi Party}}<br />
|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]<br />
|[[File:Aam_Aadmi_Party_logo_(English).svg|50px]]<br />
|[[File:AAP_Symbol.png|50px]]<br />
|[[Isudan Gadhvi]]<br />
|TBD<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Others ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="50%" style="text-align:center;<br />
! colspan="2" | Party <br />
!Flag<br />
!Symbol<br />
!Leader<br />
!Seats contested<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}<br />
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]<br />
|[[File:Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg|50px]]<br />
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Elephant.png|50px]]<br />
|Ashok Chavda<br />
|TBD<br />
|- <br />
|{{party color cell|Samajwadi Party}}<br />
|[[Samajwadi Party]]<br />
|[[File:Samajwadi Party.png|50px]]<br />
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|50px]]<br />
|Devendra Upadhyay<br />
|TBD<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}<br />
|[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]<br />
|[[File:All_India_Majlis-e-Ittehadul_Muslimeen_logo.svg|50px]]<br />
|[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Kite.svg|50px]]<br />
|[[Sabirbhai Kabliwala|Sabir Kabliwala]]<br />
|TBD<br />
|-<br />
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Tribal Party}}<br />
|[[Bharatiya Tribal Party]]<br />
|[[File:Bharatiya-Tribal-Party.webp|50px]]<br />
|[[File:Auto Rickshaw Election Symbol.svg|50px]]<br />
|[[Chhotubhai Vasava]]<br />
|TBD<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Candidates==<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
!rowspan="2"|District<br />
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Constituency<br />
|colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<br />
|colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}"|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="3"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
!colspan="3"| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
!colspan="3"| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="6" | [[Kutch district|Kutch]]<br />
!1 <br />
|[[Abdasa Assembly constituency|Abdasa]]<br />
|-<br />
!2 <br />
|[[Mandvi, Kachchh Assembly constituency|Mandvi (Kachchh)]]<br />
|-<br />
!3 <br />
|[[Bhuj Assembly constituency|Bhuj]]<br />
|-<br />
!4 <br />
|[[Anjar Assembly constituency|Anjar]]<br />
|-<br />
!5 <br />
|[[Gandhidham Assembly constituency|Gandhidham]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!6 <br />
|[[Rapar Assembly constituency|Rapar]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="9"|[[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]]<br/>&<br/> [[Vav-Tharad district|Vav-Tharad]]<br />
!7<br />
|[[Vav Assembly constituency|Vav]]<br />
|-<br />
!8 <br />
|[[Tharad Assembly constituency|Tharad]]<br />
|-<br />
!9 <br />
|[[Dhanera Assembly constituency|Dhanera]]<br />
|-<br />
!10 <br />
|[[Danta Assembly constituency|Danta]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!11 <br />
|[[Vadgam Assembly constituency|Vadgam]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!12 <br />
|[[Palanpur Assembly constituency|Palanpur]]<br />
|-<br />
!13 <br />
|[[Deesa Assembly constituency|Deesa]]<br />
|-<br />
!14 <br />
|[[Deodar Assembly constituency|Deodar]]<br />
|-<br />
!15 <br />
|[[Kankrej Assembly constituency|Kankrej]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"|[[Patan district|Patan]]<br />
!16 <br />
|[[Radhanpur Assembly constituency|Radhanpur]]<br />
|-<br />
!17 <br />
|[[Chanasma Assembly constituency|Chanasma]]<br />
|-<br />
!18 <br />
|[[Patan (Gujarat Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patan]]<br />
|-<br />
!19 <br />
|[[Sidhpur Assembly constituency|Sidhpur]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="7" | [[Mehsana district|Mehsana]]<br />
!20 <br />
|[[Kheralu Assembly constituency|Kheralu]]<br />
|-<br />
!21 <br />
|[[Unjha Assembly constituency|Unjha]]<br />
|-<br />
!22 <br />
|[[Visnagar Assembly constituency|Visnagar]]<br />
|-<br />
!23 <br />
|[[Bechraji Assembly constituency|Bechraji]]<br />
|-<br />
!24 <br />
|[[Kadi Assembly constituency|Kadi]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!25 <br />
|[[Mahesana Assembly constituency|Mahesana]]<br />
|-<br />
!26<br />
|[[Vijapur Assembly constituency|Vijapur]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3" | [[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]]<br />
!27 <br />
|[[Himatnagar Assembly constituency|Himatnagar]]<br />
|-<br />
!28 <br />
|[[Idar Assembly constituency|Idar]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!29 <br />
|[[Khedbrahma Assembly constituency|Khedbrahma]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3" | [[Aravalli District|Aravalli]]<br />
!30 <br />
|[[Bhiloda Assembly constituency|Bhiloda]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!31 <br />
|[[Modasa Assembly constituency|Modasa]]<br />
|-<br />
!32 <br />
|[[Bayad Assembly constituency|Bayad]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]]<br />
!33 <br />
|[[Prantij Assembly constituency|Prantij]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5" | [[Gandhinagar district|Gandhinagar]]<br />
!34 <br />
|[[Dahegam Assembly constituency|Dahegam]]<br />
|-<br />
!35 <br />
|[[Gandhinagar South Assembly constituency|Gandhinagar South]]<br />
|-<br />
!36 <br />
|[[Gandhinagar North Assembly constituency|Gandhinagar North]]<br />
|-<br />
!37 <br />
|[[Mansa, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Mansa]]<br />
|-<br />
!38 <br />
|[[Kalol, Gandhinagar Assembly constituency|Kalol (Gandhinagar)]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="21" | [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]<br />
!39 <br />
|[[Viramgam Assembly constituency|Viramgam]]<br />
|-<br />
!40 <br />
|[[Sanand Assembly constituency|Sanand]]<br />
|-<br />
!41 <br />
|[[Ghatlodia Assembly constituency|Ghatlodia]]<br />
|-<br />
!42 <br />
|[[Vejalpur Assembly constituency|Vejalpur]]<br />
|-<br />
!43 <br />
|[[Vatva Assembly constituency|Vatva]]<br />
|-<br />
!44 <br />
|[[Ellis Bridge Assembly constituency|Ellisbridge]]<br />
|-<br />
!45 <br />
|[[Naranpura Assembly constituency|Naranpura]]<br />
|-<br />
!46 <br />
|[[Nikol Assembly constituency|Nikol]]<br />
|-<br />
!47 <br />
|[[Naroda Assembly constituency|Naroda]]<br />
|-<br />
!48 <br />
|[[Thakkarbapa Nagar Assembly constituency|Thakkarbapa Nagar]]<br />
|-<br />
!49 <br />
|[[Bapunagar Assembly constituency|Bapunagar]]<br />
|-<br />
!50 <br />
|[[Amraiwadi Assembly constituency|Amraiwadi]]<br />
|-<br />
!51 <br />
|[[Dariapur Assembly constituency|Dariapur]]<br />
|-<br />
!52 <br />
|[[Jamalpur-Khadiya Assembly constituency|Jamalpur-Khadiya]]<br />
|-<br />
!53 <br />
|[[Maninagar Assembly constituency|Maninagar]]<br />
|-<br />
!54 <br />
|[[Danilimda Assembly constituency|Danilimda]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!55 <br />
|[[Sabarmati Assembly constituency|Sabarmati]]<br />
|-<br />
!56 <br />
|[[Asarwa Assembly constituency|Asarwa]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!57 <br />
|[[Daskroi Assembly constituency|Daskroi]]<br />
|-<br />
!58 <br />
|[[Dholka Assembly constituency|Dholka]]<br />
|-<br />
!59 <br />
|[[Dhandhuka Assembly constituency|Dhandhuka]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5" | [[Surendranagar district|Surendranagar]]<br />
!60 <br />
|[[Dasada Assembly constituency|Dasada]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!61<br />
|[[Limbdi Assembly constituency|Limdi]]<br />
|-<br />
!62<br />
|[[Wadhwan Assembly constituency|Wadhwan]]<br />
|-<br />
!63 <br />
|[[Chotila Assembly constituency|Chotila]]<br />
|-<br />
!64 <br />
|[[Dhrangadhra Assembly constituency|Dhangadhra]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3" | [[Morbi district|Morbi]]<br />
!65 <br />
|[[Morbi Assembly constituency|Morbi]]<br />
|-<br />
!66 <br />
|[[Tankara Assembly constituency|Tankara]]<br />
|-<br />
!67 <br />
|[[Wankaner Assembly constituency|Wankaner]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="8" | [[Rajkot district|Rajkot]]<br />
!68 <br />
|[[Rajkot East Assembly constituency|Rajkot East]]<br />
|-<br />
!69 <br />
|[[Rajkot West Assembly constituency|Rajkot West]]<br />
|-<br />
!70 <br />
|[[Rajkot South Assembly constituency|Rajkot South]]<br />
|-<br />
!71 <br />
|[[Rajkot Rural Assembly constituency|Rajkot Rural]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!72 <br />
|[[Jasdan Assembly constituency|Jasdan]]<br />
|-<br />
!73 <br />
|[[Gondal Assembly constituency|Gondal]]<br />
|-<br />
!74 <br />
|[[Jetpur, Rajkot Assembly constituency|Jetpur (Rajkot)]]<br />
|-<br />
!75 <br />
|[[Dhoraji Assembly constituency|Dhoraji]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5" | [[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]]<br />
!76 <br />
|[[Kalavad Assembly constituency|Kalavad]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!77 <br />
|[[Jamnagar Rural Assembly constituency|Jamnagar Rural]]<br />
|-<br />
!78 <br />
|[[Jamnagar North Assembly constituency|Jamnagar North]]<br />
|-<br />
!79 <br />
|[[Jamnagar South Assembly constituency|Jamnagar South]]<br />
|-<br />
!80 <br />
|[[Jamjodhpur Assembly constituency|Jamjodhpur]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Devbhoomi Dwarka district|Devbhoomi Dwarka]]<br />
!81 <br />
|[[Khambhaliya Assembly constituency|Khambhaliya]]<br />
|-<br />
!82 <br />
|[[Dwarka (Vidhan Sabha constituency of Gujarat)|Dwarka]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Porbandar district|Porbandar]]<br />
!83 <br />
|[[Porbandar Assembly constituency|Porbandar]]<br />
|-<br />
!84 <br />
|[[Kutiyana Assembly constituency|Kutiyana]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5" | [[Junagadh district|Junagarh]]<br />
!85 <br />
|[[Manavadar Assembly constituency|Manavadar]]<br />
|-<br />
!86 <br />
|[[Junagadh Assembly constituency|Junagadh]]<br />
|-<br />
!87<br />
|[[Visavadar Assembly constituency|Visavadar]]<br />
|-<br />
!88 <br />
|[[Keshod Assembly constituency|Keshod]]<br />
|-<br />
!89 <br />
|[[Mangrol, Junagadh Assembly constituency|Mangrol (Junagadh)]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4" | [[Gir Somnath district|Gir Somnath]]<br />
!90 <br />
|[[Somnath Assembly constituency|Somnath]]<br />
|-<br />
!91 <br />
|[[Talala Assembly constituency|Talala]]<br />
|-<br />
!92 <br />
|[[Kodinar Assembly constituency|Kodinar]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!93 <br />
|[[Una (Gujarat Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Una]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5" | [[Amreli district|Amreli]]<br />
!94 <br />
|[[Dhari Assembly constituency|Dhari]]<br />
|-<br />
!95 <br />
|[[Amreli Assembly constituency|Amreli]]<br />
|-<br />
!96 <br />
|[[Lathi Assembly constituency|Lathi]]<br />
|-<br />
!97 <br />
|[[Savarkundla Assembly constituency|Savarkundla]]<br />
|-<br />
!98 <br />
|[[Rajula Assembly constituency|Rajula]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="7" | [[Bhavnagar district|Bhavnagar]]<br />
!99 <br />
|[[Mahuva, Bhavnagar Assembly constituency|Mahuva]]<br />
|-<br />
!100 <br />
|[[Talaja Assembly constituency|Talaja]]<br />
|-<br />
!101 <br />
|[[Gariadhar Assembly constituency|Gariadhar]]<br />
|-<br />
!102 <br />
|[[Palitana Assembly constituency|Palitana]]<br />
|-<br />
!103 <br />
|[[Bhavnagar Rural Assembly constituency|Bhavnagar Rural]]<br />
|-<br />
!104 <br />
|[[Bhavnagar East Assembly constituency|Bhavnagar East]]<br />
|-<br />
!105 <br />
|[[Bhavnagar West Assembly constituency|Bhavnagar West]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Botad district|Botad]]<br />
!106 <br />
|[[Gadhada Assembly constituency|Gadhada]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!107 <br />
|[[Botad Assembly constituency|Botad]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="7" | [[Anand district|Anand]]<br />
!108<br />
|[[Khambhat Assembly constituency|Khambhat]]<br />
|-<br />
!109 <br />
|[[Borsad Assembly constituency|Borsad]]<br />
|-<br />
!110 <br />
|[[Anklav Assembly constituency|Anklav]]<br />
|-<br />
!111 <br />
|[[Umreth Assembly constituency|Umreth]]<br />
|-<br />
!112 <br />
|[[Anand Assembly constituency|Anand]]<br />
|-<br />
!113 <br />
|[[Petlad Assembly constituency|Petlad]]<br />
|-<br />
!114 <br />
|[[Sojitra Assembly constituency|Sojitra]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="6" | [[Kheda district|Kheda]]<br />
!115 <br />
|[[Matar Assembly constituency|Matar]]<br />
|-<br />
!116 <br />
|[[Nadiad Assembly constituency|Nadiad]]<br />
|-<br />
!117 <br />
|[[Mehmedabad Assembly constituency|Mehmedabad]]<br />
|-<br />
!118<br />
|[[Mahudha Assembly constituency|Mahudha]]<br />
|-<br />
!119 <br />
|[[Thasra Assembly constituency|Thasra]]<br />
|-<br />
!120 <br />
|[[Kapadvanj Assembly constituency|Kapadvanj]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3" | [[Mahisagar district|Mahisagar]]<br />
!121 <br />
|[[Balasinor Assembly constituency|Balasinor]]<br />
|-<br />
!122 <br />
|[[Lunawada Assembly constituency|Lunawada]]<br />
|-<br />
!123 <br />
|[[Santrampur Assembly constituency|Santrampur]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5" | [[Panchmahal district|Panchmahal]]<br />
!124<br />
|[[Shehra Assembly constituency|Shehra]]<br />
|-<br />
!125 <br />
|[[Morva Hadaf Assembly constituency|Morva Hadaf]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!126 <br />
|[[Godhra Assembly constituency|Godhra]]<br />
|-<br />
!127 <br />
|[[Kalol, Panchmahal Assembly constituency|Kalol (Panchmahal)]]<br />
|-<br />
!128 <br />
|[[Halol Assembly constituency|Halol]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="6" | [[Dahod district|Dahod]]<br />
!129 <br />
|[[Fatepura Assembly constituency|Fatepura]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!130 <br />
|[[Jhalod Assembly constituency|Jhalod]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!131 <br />
|[[Limkheda Assembly constituency|Limkheda]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!132 <br />
|[[Dahod Assembly constituency|Dahod]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!133 <br />
|[[Garbada Assembly constituency|Garbada]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!134 <br />
|[[Devgadhbariya Assembly constituency|Devgadhbariya]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Vadodara district|Vadodara]]<br />
!135 <br />
|[[Savli Assembly constituency|Savli]]<br />
|-<br />
!136<br />
|[[Vaghodiya Assembly constituency|Vaghodiya]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3" | [[Chhota Udaipur district|Chhota Udaipur]]<br />
!137 <br />
|[[Chhota Udaipur Assembly constituency|Chhota Udaipur]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!138 <br />
|[[Jetpur, Chhota Udaipur (Gujarat Assembly constituency)|Jetpur (Chhota Udaipur)]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!139 <br />
|[[Sankheda Assembly constituency|Sankheda]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="8" | [[Vadodara district|Vadodara]]<br />
!140 <br />
|[[Dabhoi Assembly constituency|Dabhoi]]<br />
|-<br />
!141 <br />
|[[Vadodara City Assembly constituency|Vadodara City]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!142 <br />
|[[Sayajigunj Assembly constituency|Sayajigunj]]<br />
|-<br />
!143 <br />
|[[Akota Assembly constituency|Akota]]<br />
|-<br />
!144 <br />
|[[Raopura Assembly constituency|Raopura]]<br />
|-<br />
!145 <br />
|[[Manjalpur Assembly constituency|Manjalpur]]<br />
|-<br />
!146 <br />
|[[Padra Assembly constituency|Padra]]<br />
|-<br />
!147 <br />
|[[Karjan Assembly constituency|Karjan]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Narmada district|Narmada]]<br />
!148 <br />
|[[Nandod Assembly constituency|Nandod]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!149 <br />
|[[Dediapada Assembly constituency|Dediapada]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5" | [[Bharuch district|Bharuch]]<br />
!150 <br />
|[[Jambusar Assembly constituency|Jambusar]]<br />
|-<br />
!151 <br />
|[[Vagra Assembly constituency|Vagra]]<br />
|-<br />
!152 <br />
|[[Jhagadiya Assembly constituency|Jhagadiya]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!153 <br />
|[[Bharuch Assembly constituency|Bharuch]]<br />
|-<br />
!154 <br />
|[[Ankleshwar Assembly constituency|Ankleshwar]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="16" | [[Surat district|Surat]]<br />
!155 <br />
|[[Olpad Assembly constituency|Olpad]]<br />
|-<br />
!156 <br />
|[[Mangrol, Surat Assembly constituency|Mangrol (Surat)]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!157 <br />
|[[Mandvi, Surat Assembly constituency|Mandvi (Surat)]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!158 <br />
|[[Kamrej Assembly constituency|Kamrej]]<br />
|-<br />
!159 <br />
|[[Surat East Assembly constituency|Surat East]]<br />
|-<br />
!160 <br />
|[[Surat North Assembly constituency|Surat North]]<br />
|-<br />
!161 <br />
|[[Varachha Road Assembly constituency|Varachha Road]]<br />
|-<br />
!162 <br />
|[[Karanj Assembly constituency|Karanj]]<br />
|-<br />
!163 <br />
|[[Limbayat Assembly constituency|Limbayat]]<br />
|-<br />
!164 <br />
|[[Udhana Assembly constituency|Udhana]]<br />
|-<br />
!165 <br />
|[[Majura Assembly constituency|Majura]]<br />
|-<br />
!166 <br />
|[[Katargam Assembly constituency|Katargam]]<br />
|-<br />
!167 <br />
|[[Surat West Assembly constituency|Surat West]]<br />
|-<br />
!168 <br />
|[[Choryasi Assembly constituency|Choryasi]]<br />
|-<br />
!169 <br />
|[[Bardoli Assembly constituency|Bardoli]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!170 <br />
|[[Mahuva, Surat Assembly constituency|Mahuva (Surat)]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Tapi district|Tapi]]<br />
!171 <br />
|[[Vyara Assembly constituency|Vyara]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!172 <br />
|[[Nizar Assembly constituency|Nizar]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
|[[Dang district, India|Dang]]<br />
!173 <br />
|[[Dangs Assembly constituency|Dangs]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4" | [[Navsari district|Navsari]]<br />
!174 <br />
|[[Jalalpore Assembly constituency|Jalalpore]]<br />
|-<br />
!175 <br />
|[[Navsari Assembly constituency|Navsari]]<br />
|-<br />
!176 <br />
|[[Gandevi Assembly constituency|Gandevi]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!177 <br />
|[[Vansda Assembly constituency|Vansda]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5" | [[Valsad district|Valsad]]<br />
!178 <br />
|[[Dharampur, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Dharampur]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!179 <br />
|[[Valsad Assembly constituency|Valsad]]<br />
|-<br />
!180 <br />
|[[Pardi Assembly constituency|Pardi]]<br />
|-<br />
!181 <br />
|[[Kaparada Assembly constituency|Kaprada]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!182 <br />
|[[Umbergaon Assembly constituency|Umbergaon]] (ST)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Surveys and polls==<br />
<br />
===Opinion polls===<br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:16px;"<br />
|+Vote Share Projections<br />
!rowspan="2"|Polling agency<br />
!rowspan="2"|Date published<br />
!rowspan="2"|Sample size<br />
!rowspan="2"|Margin of Error<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}"|<br />
|style="background:grey;"|<br />
!rowspan="2"|Lead<br />
|-<br />
! [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
![[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
![[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]<br />
!Others<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:16px;"<br />
|+Seat Projections<br />
!rowspan="2"|Polling agency<br />
!rowspan="2"|Date published<br />
!rowspan="2"|Sample size<br />
!rowspan="2"|Margin of Error<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}"|<br />
|style="background:grey;"|<br />
!rowspan="2"|Lead<br />
|-<br />
! [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
![[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
![[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]<br />
!Others<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Exit polls===<br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:16px;"<br />
!rowspan="2"|Polling agency<br />
!rowspan="2"|Date published<br />
!rowspan="2"|Sample size<br />
!rowspan="2"|Margin of Error<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}"|<br />
|style="background:grey;"|<br />
!rowspan="2"|Lead<br />
|-<br />
! [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
![[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
![[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]<br />
!Others<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Results==<br />
===Results by alliance or party===<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!colspan="4" rowspan="2"|Alliance/ Party<br />
!colspan="3"|Popular vote<br />
! colspan="3" |Seats<br />
|-<br />
!Votes<br />
!%<br />
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]<br />
!Contested <br />
!Won<br />
!'''+/−'''<br />
|-<br />
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|colspan="3"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
|{{formatnum:}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|colspan="3"|[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|{{formatnum:}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|{{Party color cell|Aam Aadmi Party}}<br />
|colspan="3"|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]<br />
|{{formatnum:}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|{{Party color cell|Independent (politician)}}<br />
|colspan="3"|Other parties<br />
|{{formatnum:}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|{{Party color cell|Independent (politician)}}<br />
|colspan="3"|[[Independent (politician)|Independents]]<br />
|{{formatnum:}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:Black; color:White"|<br />
|colspan="3"|[[None of the above (India)|NOTA]]<br />
|{{formatnum:}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |<br />
!<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="4"|Total<br />
!{{formatnum:}}<br />
!100%<br />
! — <br />
!<br />
!182<br />
! —<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Results by region ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
! rowspan="2"|Region<br />
! rowspan="2"|Seats<br />
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |<br />
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}" |<br />
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Others}}"|<br />
|-<br />
![[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
![[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
![[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]<br />
!Others<br />
|-<br />
![[North Gujarat]]<br />
!32<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Central Gujarat]]<br />
!61<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] '''–''' [[Kutch district|Kutch]]<br />
!54<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[South Gujarat]]<br />
!35<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Total<br />
!182<br />
!<br />
!<br />
!<br />
!<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Results by district ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
! rowspan="2"|District<br />
! rowspan="2"|Seats<br />
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |<br />
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}" |<br />
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Others}}"|<br />
|-<br />
![[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
![[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
![[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]<br />
!Others<br />
|-<br />
![[Kutch district|Kutch]]<br />
!6<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]] and [[Vav-Tharad district| Vav-Tharad]]<br />
!9<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Patan district|Patan]]<br />
!4<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Mehsana district|Mehsana]]<br />
!7<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]]<br />
!4<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Aravalli district|Aravalli]]<br />
!3<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Gandhinagar district|Gandhinagar]]<br />
!5<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]<br />
!21<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Surendranagar district|Surendranagar]]<br />
!5<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Morbi district|Morbi]]<br />
!3<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Rajkot district|Rajkot]]<br />
!8<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]]<br />
!5<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Devbhumi Dwarka district|Devbhumi Dwarka]]<br />
!2<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Porbandar district|Porbandar]]<br />
!2<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Junagadh district|Junagadh]]<br />
!5<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Gir Somnath]]<br />
!4<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Amreli district|Amreli]]<br />
!5<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Bhavnagar district|Bhavnagar]]<br />
!7<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Botad district|Botad]]<br />
!2<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Anand district|Anand]]<br />
!7<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Kheda district|Kheda]]<br />
!6<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Mahisagar district|Mahisagar]]<br />
!3<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Panchmahal district|Panchmahal]]<br />
!5<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Dahod district|Dahod]]<br />
!6<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Vadodara district|Vadodara]]<br />
!10<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Chhota Udaipur district|Chhota Udaipur]]<br />
!3<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Narmada district|Narmada]]<br />
!2<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Bharuch district|Bharuch]]<br />
!5<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Surat district|Surat]]<br />
!16<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! [[Tapi district|Tapi]]<br />
!2<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Dang district, India|Dang]]<br />
!1<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Navsari district|Navsari]]<br />
!4<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
![[Valsad district|Valsad]]<br />
!5<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Total<br />
!182<br />
!<br />
!<br />
!<br />
!<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Results by constituency===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! rowspan="2" |District<br />
! colspan="2" |Constituency<br />
! colspan="5" |Winner<br />
! colspan="5" |Runner Up<br />
! rowspan="2" |Margin<br />
|-<br />
! No.<br />
! Name<br />
! Candidate<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
! Votes<br />
! %<br />
! Candidate<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
! Votes<br />
! %<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="6" | [[Kutch district|Kutch]]<br />
!1 <br />
|[[Abdasa Assembly constituency|Abdasa]]<br />
|-<br />
!2 <br />
|[[Mandvi, Kachchh Assembly constituency|Mandvi (Kachchh)]]<br />
|-<br />
!3 <br />
|[[Bhuj Assembly constituency|Bhuj]]<br />
|-<br />
!4 <br />
|[[Anjar Assembly constituency|Anjar]]<br />
|-<br />
!5 <br />
|[[Gandhidham Assembly constituency|Gandhidham]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!6 <br />
|[[Rapar Assembly constituency|Rapar]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="9"|[[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]]<br/>&<br/> [[Vav-Tharad district|Vav-Tharad]]<br />
!7<br />
|[[Vav Assembly constituency|Vav]]<br />
|-<br />
!8 <br />
|[[Tharad Assembly constituency|Tharad]]<br />
|-<br />
!9 <br />
|[[Dhanera Assembly constituency|Dhanera]]<br />
|-<br />
!10 <br />
|[[Danta Assembly constituency|Danta]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!11 <br />
|[[Vadgam Assembly constituency|Vadgam]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!12 <br />
|[[Palanpur Assembly constituency|Palanpur]]<br />
|-<br />
!13 <br />
|[[Deesa Assembly constituency|Deesa]]<br />
|-<br />
!14 <br />
|[[Deodar Assembly constituency|Deodar]]<br />
|-<br />
!15 <br />
|[[Kankrej Assembly constituency|Kankrej]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"|[[Patan district|Patan]]<br />
!16 <br />
|[[Radhanpur Assembly constituency|Radhanpur]]<br />
|-<br />
!17 <br />
|[[Chanasma Assembly constituency|Chanasma]]<br />
|-<br />
!18 <br />
|[[Patan (Gujarat Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patan]]<br />
|-<br />
!19 <br />
|[[Sidhpur Assembly constituency|Sidhpur]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="7" | [[Mehsana district|Mehsana]]<br />
!20 <br />
|[[Kheralu Assembly constituency|Kheralu]]<br />
|-<br />
!21 <br />
|[[Unjha Assembly constituency|Unjha]]<br />
|-<br />
!22 <br />
|[[Visnagar Assembly constituency|Visnagar]]<br />
|-<br />
!23 <br />
|[[Bechraji Assembly constituency|Bechraji]]<br />
|-<br />
!24 <br />
|[[Kadi Assembly constituency|Kadi]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!25 <br />
|[[Mahesana Assembly constituency|Mahesana]]<br />
|-<br />
!26<br />
|[[Vijapur Assembly constituency|Vijapur]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3" | [[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]]<br />
!27 <br />
|[[Himatnagar Assembly constituency|Himatnagar]]<br />
|-<br />
!28 <br />
|[[Idar Assembly constituency|Idar]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!29 <br />
|[[Khedbrahma Assembly constituency|Khedbrahma]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3" | [[Aravalli District|Aravalli]]<br />
!30 <br />
|[[Bhiloda Assembly constituency|Bhiloda]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!31 <br />
|[[Modasa Assembly constituency|Modasa]]<br />
|-<br />
!32 <br />
|[[Bayad Assembly constituency|Bayad]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]]<br />
!33 <br />
|[[Prantij Assembly constituency|Prantij]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5" | [[Gandhinagar district|Gandhinagar]]<br />
!34 <br />
|[[Dahegam Assembly constituency|Dahegam]]<br />
|-<br />
!35 <br />
|[[Gandhinagar South Assembly constituency|Gandhinagar South]]<br />
|-<br />
!36 <br />
|[[Gandhinagar North Assembly constituency|Gandhinagar North]]<br />
|-<br />
!37 <br />
|[[Mansa, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Mansa]]<br />
|-<br />
!38 <br />
|[[Kalol, Gandhinagar Assembly constituency|Kalol (Gandhinagar)]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="21" | [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]<br />
!39 <br />
|[[Viramgam Assembly constituency|Viramgam]]<br />
|-<br />
!40 <br />
|[[Sanand Assembly constituency|Sanand]]<br />
|-<br />
!41 <br />
|[[Ghatlodia Assembly constituency|Ghatlodia]]<br />
|-<br />
!42 <br />
|[[Vejalpur Assembly constituency|Vejalpur]]<br />
|-<br />
!43 <br />
|[[Vatva Assembly constituency|Vatva]]<br />
|-<br />
!44 <br />
|[[Ellis Bridge Assembly constituency|Ellisbridge]]<br />
|-<br />
!45 <br />
|[[Naranpura Assembly constituency|Naranpura]]<br />
|-<br />
!46 <br />
|[[Nikol Assembly constituency|Nikol]]<br />
|-<br />
!47 <br />
|[[Naroda Assembly constituency|Naroda]]<br />
|-<br />
!48 <br />
|[[Thakkarbapa Nagar Assembly constituency|Thakkarbapa Nagar]]<br />
|-<br />
!49 <br />
|[[Bapunagar Assembly constituency|Bapunagar]]<br />
|-<br />
!50 <br />
|[[Amraiwadi Assembly constituency|Amraiwadi]]<br />
|-<br />
!51 <br />
|[[Dariapur Assembly constituency|Dariapur]]<br />
|-<br />
!52 <br />
|[[Jamalpur-Khadiya Assembly constituency|Jamalpur-Khadiya]]<br />
|-<br />
!53 <br />
|[[Maninagar Assembly constituency|Maninagar]]<br />
|-<br />
!54 <br />
|[[Danilimda Assembly constituency|Danilimda]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!55 <br />
|[[Sabarmati Assembly constituency|Sabarmati]]<br />
|-<br />
!56 <br />
|[[Asarwa Assembly constituency|Asarwa]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!57 <br />
|[[Daskroi Assembly constituency|Daskroi]]<br />
|-<br />
!58 <br />
|[[Dholka Assembly constituency|Dholka]]<br />
|-<br />
!59 <br />
|[[Dhandhuka Assembly constituency|Dhandhuka]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5" | [[Surendranagar district|Surendranagar]]<br />
!60 <br />
|[[Dasada Assembly constituency|Dasada]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!61<br />
|[[Limbdi Assembly constituency|Limdi]]<br />
|-<br />
!62<br />
|[[Wadhwan Assembly constituency|Wadhwan]]<br />
|-<br />
!63 <br />
|[[Chotila Assembly constituency|Chotila]]<br />
|-<br />
!64 <br />
|[[Dhrangadhra Assembly constituency|Dhangadhra]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3" | [[Morbi district|Morbi]]<br />
!65 <br />
|[[Morbi Assembly constituency|Morbi]]<br />
|-<br />
!66 <br />
|[[Tankara Assembly constituency|Tankara]]<br />
|-<br />
!67 <br />
|[[Wankaner Assembly constituency|Wankaner]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="8" | [[Rajkot district|Rajkot]]<br />
!68 <br />
|[[Rajkot East Assembly constituency|Rajkot East]]<br />
|-<br />
!69 <br />
|[[Rajkot West Assembly constituency|Rajkot West]]<br />
|-<br />
!70 <br />
|[[Rajkot South Assembly constituency|Rajkot South]]<br />
|-<br />
!71 <br />
|[[Rajkot Rural Assembly constituency|Rajkot Rural]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!72 <br />
|[[Jasdan Assembly constituency|Jasdan]]<br />
|-<br />
!73 <br />
|[[Gondal Assembly constituency|Gondal]]<br />
|-<br />
!74 <br />
|[[Jetpur, Rajkot Assembly constituency|Jetpur (Rajkot)]]<br />
|-<br />
!75 <br />
|[[Dhoraji Assembly constituency|Dhoraji]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5" | [[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]]<br />
!76 <br />
|[[Kalavad Assembly constituency|Kalavad]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!77 <br />
|[[Jamnagar Rural Assembly constituency|Jamnagar Rural]]<br />
|-<br />
!78 <br />
|[[Jamnagar North Assembly constituency|Jamnagar North]]<br />
|-<br />
!79 <br />
|[[Jamnagar South Assembly constituency|Jamnagar South]]<br />
|-<br />
!80 <br />
|[[Jamjodhpur Assembly constituency|Jamjodhpur]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Devbhoomi Dwarka district|Devbhoomi Dwarka]]<br />
!81 <br />
|[[Khambhaliya Assembly constituency|Khambhaliya]]<br />
|-<br />
!82 <br />
|[[Dwarka (Vidhan Sabha constituency of Gujarat)|Dwarka]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Porbandar district|Porbandar]]<br />
!83 <br />
|[[Porbandar Assembly constituency|Porbandar]]<br />
|-<br />
!84 <br />
|[[Kutiyana Assembly constituency|Kutiyana]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5" | [[Junagadh district|Junagarh]]<br />
!85 <br />
|[[Manavadar Assembly constituency|Manavadar]]<br />
|-<br />
!86 <br />
|[[Junagadh Assembly constituency|Junagadh]]<br />
|-<br />
!87<br />
|[[Visavadar Assembly constituency|Visavadar]]<br />
|-<br />
!88 <br />
|[[Keshod Assembly constituency|Keshod]]<br />
|-<br />
!89 <br />
|[[Mangrol, Junagadh Assembly constituency|Mangrol (Junagadh)]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4" | [[Gir Somnath district|Gir Somnath]]<br />
!90 <br />
|[[Somnath Assembly constituency|Somnath]]<br />
|-<br />
!91 <br />
|[[Talala Assembly constituency|Talala]]<br />
|-<br />
!92 <br />
|[[Kodinar Assembly constituency|Kodinar]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!93 <br />
|[[Una (Gujarat Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Una]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5" | [[Amreli district|Amreli]]<br />
!94 <br />
|[[Dhari Assembly constituency|Dhari]]<br />
|-<br />
!95 <br />
|[[Amreli Assembly constituency|Amreli]]<br />
|-<br />
!96 <br />
|[[Lathi Assembly constituency|Lathi]]<br />
|-<br />
!97 <br />
|[[Savarkundla Assembly constituency|Savarkundla]]<br />
|-<br />
!98 <br />
|[[Rajula Assembly constituency|Rajula]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="7" | [[Bhavnagar district|Bhavnagar]]<br />
!99 <br />
|[[Mahuva, Bhavnagar Assembly constituency|Mahuva]]<br />
|-<br />
!100 <br />
|[[Talaja Assembly constituency|Talaja]]<br />
|-<br />
!101 <br />
|[[Gariadhar Assembly constituency|Gariadhar]]<br />
|-<br />
!102 <br />
|[[Palitana Assembly constituency|Palitana]]<br />
|-<br />
!103 <br />
|[[Bhavnagar Rural Assembly constituency|Bhavnagar Rural]]<br />
|-<br />
!104 <br />
|[[Bhavnagar East Assembly constituency|Bhavnagar East]]<br />
|-<br />
!105 <br />
|[[Bhavnagar West Assembly constituency|Bhavnagar West]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Botad district|Botad]]<br />
!106 <br />
|[[Gadhada Assembly constituency|Gadhada]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!107 <br />
|[[Botad Assembly constituency|Botad]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="7" | [[Anand district|Anand]]<br />
!108<br />
|[[Khambhat Assembly constituency|Khambhat]]<br />
|-<br />
!109 <br />
|[[Borsad Assembly constituency|Borsad]]<br />
|-<br />
!110 <br />
|[[Anklav Assembly constituency|Anklav]]<br />
|-<br />
!111 <br />
|[[Umreth Assembly constituency|Umreth]]<br />
|-<br />
!112 <br />
|[[Anand Assembly constituency|Anand]]<br />
|-<br />
!113 <br />
|[[Petlad Assembly constituency|Petlad]]<br />
|-<br />
!114 <br />
|[[Sojitra Assembly constituency|Sojitra]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="6" | [[Kheda district|Kheda]]<br />
!115 <br />
|[[Matar Assembly constituency|Matar]]<br />
|-<br />
!116 <br />
|[[Nadiad Assembly constituency|Nadiad]]<br />
|-<br />
!117 <br />
|[[Mehmedabad Assembly constituency|Mehmedabad]]<br />
|-<br />
!118<br />
|[[Mahudha Assembly constituency|Mahudha]]<br />
|-<br />
!119 <br />
|[[Thasra Assembly constituency|Thasra]]<br />
|-<br />
!120 <br />
|[[Kapadvanj Assembly constituency|Kapadvanj]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3" | [[Mahisagar district|Mahisagar]]<br />
!121 <br />
|[[Balasinor Assembly constituency|Balasinor]]<br />
|-<br />
!122 <br />
|[[Lunawada Assembly constituency|Lunawada]]<br />
|-<br />
!123 <br />
|[[Santrampur Assembly constituency|Santrampur]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5" | [[Panchmahal district|Panchmahal]]<br />
!124<br />
|[[Shehra Assembly constituency|Shehra]]<br />
|-<br />
!125 <br />
|[[Morva Hadaf Assembly constituency|Morva Hadaf]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!126 <br />
|[[Godhra Assembly constituency|Godhra]]<br />
|-<br />
!127 <br />
|[[Kalol, Panchmahal Assembly constituency|Kalol (Panchmahal)]]<br />
|-<br />
!128 <br />
|[[Halol Assembly constituency|Halol]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="6" | [[Dahod district|Dahod]]<br />
!129 <br />
|[[Fatepura Assembly constituency|Fatepura]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!130 <br />
|[[Jhalod Assembly constituency|Jhalod]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!131 <br />
|[[Limkheda Assembly constituency|Limkheda]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!132 <br />
|[[Dahod Assembly constituency|Dahod]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!133 <br />
|[[Garbada Assembly constituency|Garbada]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!134 <br />
|[[Devgadhbariya Assembly constituency|Devgadhbariya]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Vadodara district|Vadodara]]<br />
!135 <br />
|[[Savli Assembly constituency|Savli]]<br />
|-<br />
!136<br />
|[[Vaghodiya Assembly constituency|Vaghodiya]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3" | [[Chhota Udaipur district|Chhota Udaipur]]<br />
!137 <br />
|[[Chhota Udaipur Assembly constituency|Chhota Udaipur]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!138 <br />
|[[Jetpur, Chhota Udaipur (Gujarat Assembly constituency)|Jetpur (Chhota Udaipur)]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!139 <br />
|[[Sankheda Assembly constituency|Sankheda]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="8" | [[Vadodara district|Vadodara]]<br />
!140 <br />
|[[Dabhoi Assembly constituency|Dabhoi]]<br />
|-<br />
!141 <br />
|[[Vadodara City Assembly constituency|Vadodara City]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!142 <br />
|[[Sayajigunj Assembly constituency|Sayajigunj]]<br />
|-<br />
!143 <br />
|[[Akota Assembly constituency|Akota]]<br />
|-<br />
!144 <br />
|[[Raopura Assembly constituency|Raopura]]<br />
|-<br />
!145 <br />
|[[Manjalpur Assembly constituency|Manjalpur]]<br />
|-<br />
!146 <br />
|[[Padra Assembly constituency|Padra]]<br />
|-<br />
!147 <br />
|[[Karjan Assembly constituency|Karjan]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Narmada district|Narmada]]<br />
!148 <br />
|[[Nandod Assembly constituency|Nandod]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!149 <br />
|[[Dediapada Assembly constituency|Dediapada]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5" | [[Bharuch district|Bharuch]]<br />
!150 <br />
|[[Jambusar Assembly constituency|Jambusar]]<br />
|-<br />
!151 <br />
|[[Vagra Assembly constituency|Vagra]]<br />
|-<br />
!152 <br />
|[[Jhagadiya Assembly constituency|Jhagadiya]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!153 <br />
|[[Bharuch Assembly constituency|Bharuch]]<br />
|-<br />
!154 <br />
|[[Ankleshwar Assembly constituency|Ankleshwar]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="16" | [[Surat district|Surat]]<br />
!155 <br />
|[[Olpad Assembly constituency|Olpad]]<br />
|-<br />
!156 <br />
|[[Mangrol, Surat Assembly constituency|Mangrol (Surat)]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!157 <br />
|[[Mandvi, Surat Assembly constituency|Mandvi (Surat)]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!158 <br />
|[[Kamrej Assembly constituency|Kamrej]]<br />
|-<br />
!159 <br />
|[[Surat East Assembly constituency|Surat East]]<br />
|-<br />
!160 <br />
|[[Surat North Assembly constituency|Surat North]]<br />
|-<br />
!161 <br />
|[[Varachha Road Assembly constituency|Varachha Road]]<br />
|-<br />
!162 <br />
|[[Karanj Assembly constituency|Karanj]]<br />
|-<br />
!163 <br />
|[[Limbayat Assembly constituency|Limbayat]]<br />
|-<br />
!164 <br />
|[[Udhana Assembly constituency|Udhana]]<br />
|-<br />
!165 <br />
|[[Majura Assembly constituency|Majura]]<br />
|-<br />
!166 <br />
|[[Katargam Assembly constituency|Katargam]]<br />
|-<br />
!167 <br />
|[[Surat West Assembly constituency|Surat West]]<br />
|-<br />
!168 <br />
|[[Choryasi Assembly constituency|Choryasi]]<br />
|-<br />
!169 <br />
|[[Bardoli Assembly constituency|Bardoli]] (SC)<br />
|-<br />
!170 <br />
|[[Mahuva, Surat Assembly constituency|Mahuva (Surat)]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2" | [[Tapi district|Tapi]]<br />
!171 <br />
|[[Vyara Assembly constituency|Vyara]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!172 <br />
|[[Nizar Assembly constituency|Nizar]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
|[[Dang district, India|Dang]]<br />
!173 <br />
|[[Dangs Assembly constituency|Dangs]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4" | [[Navsari district|Navsari]]<br />
!174 <br />
|[[Jalalpore Assembly constituency|Jalalpore]]<br />
|-<br />
!175 <br />
|[[Navsari Assembly constituency|Navsari]]<br />
|-<br />
!176 <br />
|[[Gandevi Assembly constituency|Gandevi]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!177 <br />
|[[Vansda Assembly constituency|Vansda]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5" | [[Valsad district|Valsad]]<br />
!178 <br />
|[[Dharampur, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Dharampur]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!179 <br />
|[[Valsad Assembly constituency|Valsad]]<br />
|-<br />
!180 <br />
|[[Pardi Assembly constituency|Pardi]]<br />
|-<br />
!181 <br />
|[[Kaparada Assembly constituency|Kaprada]] (ST)<br />
|-<br />
!182 <br />
|[[Umbergaon Assembly constituency|Umbergaon]] (ST)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Elections in Gujarat]]<br />
* [[Politics of Gujarat]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
{{Gujarat elections}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:State Assembly elections in Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Future elections in India]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mrunmayee_Deshpande&diff=518661Mrunmayee Deshpande2026-05-03T08:36:58Z<p>RobbyAyres: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian film actress and director (born 1988)}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Mrunmayee Deshpande<br />
| image = Mrunmayee Deshpande at the screening of Nat Samrat.jpg<br />
| imagesize = <br />
| caption = Deshpande at the screening of ''[[Natsamrat]]''<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1988|05|29}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Pune, Maharashtra]], India<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Swapnil Rao|2016}}<br />
| relatives = [[Gautami Deshpande]] (sister)<br />
| yearsactive = 2008–present<br />
| occupation = [[Actress]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Mrunmayee Deshpande''' (born 29 May 1988)<ref name="DOB">{{Cite web |title=In B'day Special Video, Mrunmayee Deshpande's Little Sister Calls Her 'Precious' |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/in-bday-special-video-mrunmayee-deshpandes-little-sister-calls-her-precious-5274343.html |access-date=9 June 2022 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian actress and director, who appears in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] movies. She has appeared in [[Hindi]] and [[List of Marathi film actresses|Marathi]] films and TV serials and is a [[Dance|dancer And Anchor]]. Her first daily soap was aired on Star Pravah, named ''[[Agnihotra (TV series)|Agnihotra]]''.<br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Mrunmayee studied at Renuka Swaroop High school and [[Sir Parashurambhau College]], 2007 both in [[Pune]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actress Mrunmayee Deshpande vists her alma mater; relives memories with students |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/actress-mrunmayee-deshpande-vists-her-alma-mater-relives-memories-with-students/articleshow/69443514.cms?from=mdr |access-date=12 May 2019 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Actress Mrunmayee Deshpande visits her college after 12 years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/events/pune/actress-mrunmayee-deshpande-visits-her-college-after-12-years/videoshow/69425495.cms |access-date=21 May 2019 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
She is the sister of actress and singer [[Gautami Deshpande]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mrunmayee and Gautami Deshpande give major sister goals as they strike a pose for an adorable selfie |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/mrunmayee-deshpande-and-gautami-give-major-sister-goals-as-they-strike-a-pose-for-an-adorable-selfie/articleshow/80244901.cms?from=mdr |access-date=13 January 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sister goals! Mrunmayee Deshpande and Gautami Deshpande's latest 'Diwali' post is things adorable |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/sister-goals-mrunmayee-deshpande-and-gautami-deshpandes-latest-diwali-post-is-things-adorable/articleshow/79276171.cms?from=mdr |access-date=18 November 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Actress Mrunmayee and Gautami Deshpande infuse the environment with divine renditions of 'Sur Niragas Ho' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/marathi/actress-mrunmayee-and-gautami-deshpande-infuse-the-environment-with-divine-renditions-of-sur-niragas-ho/videoshow/77707728.cms?from=mdr |access-date=23 August 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gautami Deshpande enjoys Pune's summer rain and thundershowers with sister Mrinmayee; see pic |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/gautami-deshpande-enjoys-punes-summer-rain-and-thundershowers-with-sister-mrinmayee-see-pic/articleshow/74863513.cms |access-date=28 March 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gautami gets a wonderful birthday wish from sister |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/gautami-gets-a-wonderful-birthday-wish-from-sister/articleshow/67774982.cms |access-date=31 January 2019 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Mrunmayee had started her career with the [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] movie ''Humne Jeena Seekh Liya'' (2008),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.airtelxstream.in/movies/humne-jeena-seekh-liya/EROSNOW_MOVIE_6094117 |title=Humne Jeena Seekh Liya |website=airtelxstream.in}}</ref> but she is well known for her role in the [[Zee Marathi]] Serial ''Kunku''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zee Marathi Awards – 2010, held recently with a grand bash! |url=https://www.zee.com/in-the-news/zee-marathi-awards-2010-held-recently-with-a-grand-bash/ |access-date=13 October 2017 |website=zee.com |language=en}}</ref> She Worked in ''Comedychi Bullet Train'' as Anchor (Colors Marathi). Now she is working as an anchor on Zee Marathi's Sa Re Ga Ma Pa little champs 2021. She was a co-actor in Amazon Prime's Mumbai diaries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comedychi Bullet Train completes 325 episodes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/marathi/comedychi-bullet-train-completes-325-episodes/articleshow/56503977.cms |access-date=12 January 2017 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonalee's Apasara Aali moment |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/sonalees-apasara-aali-moment/articleshow/56688815.cms |access-date=12 January 2017 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
<br />
=== As actor ===<br />
{{Pending films key}}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Movie<br />
!Role<br />
!Language<br />
!Notes<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
| ''It's Breaking News''<br />
|Dandekar's daughter<br />
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
| ''[[Humne Jeena Seekh Liya]]'' <br />
|Pari<br />
| [[Hindi]]<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=शाळा' कादंबरीवर मराठीपूर्वी आला होता हिंदी चित्रपट |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/humne-jeena-sikh-liya-based-on-the-popular-marathi-novel-shaala-1209932/ |access-date=1 March 2016 |website=Loksatta.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jiocinema.com/movies/humne-jeena-seekh-liya-?type=0&id=ff150b306bd711e894e58906526153ad |title=Humne Jeena seekh liya |website=jiocinema.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2009<br />
| ''[[Ek Cup Chya]]'' <br />
|Vasanti Sawant<br />
|Rowspan="25"| Marathi<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rowspan="2"| 2012<br />
| ''Mokala Shwaas'' <br />
|Kusum Jagtap<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Sanshay Kallol - Natyancha Gadbadgunda''<br />
|Shravani<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marathi film Sanshay Kallol has nothing new to offer |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/blogs/post-review-marathi-film-sanshay-kallol-has-nothing-new-to-offer-1820124 |access-date=8 April 2013 |website=Daily News and Analysis |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.airtelxstream.in/movies/sanshay-kallol/ZEE5_MOVIE_0-0-2575 |title=Sanshay Kallol |website=airtelxstream.in}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Rowspan="3"|2013<br />
| ''Dham Dhoom'' <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Navra Majha Bhavra'' <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aandhali Koshimbir]]'' <br />
|Radhika<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aandhali Koshimbir (Marathi)/Comedy at its best |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/aandhali-koshimbir-marathicomedy-at-its-best/ |access-date=13 June 2014 |website=The Indian Express |date=13 June 2014 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhali Koshimbir |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/andhali-koshimbir/movie-review/35786919.cms |access-date=13 June 2017 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mrunmayee Deshpande shares her 'favorite picture' from the film 'Aandhali Koshimbir' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/photo-mrunmayee-deshpande-shares-her-favorite-picture-from-the-film-aandhali-koshimbir/articleshow/71273024.cms?from=mdr |access-date=24 September 2019 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sonyliv.com/movies/aandhali-koshimbir-1000007744 |title=aandhali koshimbir |website=sonyliv.com |access-date=25 April 2021 |archive-date=17 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017091036/https://www.sonyliv.com/movies/aandhali-koshimbir-1000007744 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Rowspan="3"|2014<br />
| ''[[Pune Via Bihar]]'' <br />
|Tara Yadav<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pune Via Bihar |url=https://www.shemaroome.com/movies/pune-via-bihar |access-date=1 January 2014 |website=shemaroome.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sata Lota Pan Sagla Khota]]'' <br />
| Vasanti<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mamachya Gavala Jaaoo Yaa]]'' <br />
|Teju<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mrunmayee Deshpande and Abhijeet Khandkekar come together for MAMACHYA GAVALA JAAOO YAA |url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/weather/mrunmayee-deshpande-abhijeet-khandkekar-come-together-mamachya-gavala-143721160.html |access-date=18 November 2014 |publisher=Yahoo! |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=मामाच्या गावाला जाऊ या |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/mamachya-gavala-jauya/moviereview/45234410.cms |access-date=22 November 2014 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.airtelxstream.in/movies/mamachya-gavala-jaaoo-yaa/ZEE5_MOVIE_0-0-256725 |title=Mamachya Gavala Jaaoo Yaa |website=airtelxstream.in}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2015<br />
| ''Slambook''<br />
|Aparna<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Bioscope (2015 film)|Bioscope]]'' <br />
|<br />
|In segment "''Mitraa''"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Katyar Kaljat Ghusali (film)|Katyar Kaljat Ghusali]]''<br />
| Uma<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subodh and Mrunmayee in Katyar Kaljat Ghusli |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/katyar-kaljat-ghusli-subodh-bhave-mrunmayee-deshpande-rahul-deshpande-shankar-mahadevan/articleshow/29151601.cms?from=mdr |access-date=10 January 2017 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=कट्यार काळजात घुसली ला झाले दोन वर्षे पूर्ण, असा होता चित्रपटातील कलाकारांचा अंदाज |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-MB-katyar-kaljat-ghusali-completed-one-year-5744141-PHO.html |access-date=12 November 2017 |website=divyamarathi.bhaskar.com |date=12 November 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/katyar-kaljat-ghusali/0-0-8007 |title=Katyar Kaljat Ghusali |website=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2016<br />
| ''Gulmohor''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gulmohar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/gulmohar/movie-review/55955774.cms?from=mdr |access-date=13 December 2016 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.airtelxstream.in/movies/gulmohar-najuk-natyancha-halwar-gunta/SHEMAROOME_MOVIE_5c95149bed8f7d5ede004f2c |title=Gulmohar - Najuk Natyancha Halwar Gunta |website=airtelxstream.in}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Natsamrat]]''<br />
|Vidya Ganpat Belwalkar<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=All hail the emperor! |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/all-hail-the-emperor-natsamrat-nana-patekar.html |access-date=1 January 2016 |website=theweek.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nana Patekar in and as Natsamrat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/natsamrat-nana-floors-everyone-yet-again/articleshow/50074262.cms?from=mdr |access-date=13 January 2017 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.netflix.com/in/title/80998558?preventIntent=true |title=Natsamrat |website=netflix.com }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-marathi-2017/nominations/best-supporting-actor-female/mrunmayee-deshpande |title=BEST ACTOR IN SUPPORTING ROLE (FEMALE) NOMINEE |website=filmfare.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Anuraag''<br />
|Soumya<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=FILM REVIEW: ANURAAG |url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi-reviews/film-review-anuraag/articleshow/51347983.cms? |access-date=11 March 2016 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.zeetalkies.com/movies/anuraag.html |title=Anuraag |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2021 |archive-date=18 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718125338/http://www.zeetalkies.com/movies/anuraag.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2017<br />
| ''[[Dhyanimani]]''<br />
|Aparna<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=ध्यानी राहणारा, मनी ठसणारा |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/dhyanimani-movie-review-30203 |access-date=11 February 2017 |website=esakal.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='ध्यानीमनी' खिळणारा! |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/movie-review-marathi-film-dhyanimani/moviereview/57070940.cms |access-date=10 February 2017 |website=maharshtratimes.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ध्यानीमनी'चा ड्रामा, सस्पेन्स, थ्रीलर |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/news/kallabaji/film-review-dhyani-mani-marathi-movie/351341 |access-date=10 February 2017 |website=zeenews.india.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Bebhaan''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mrunmayee to play Anoop's love interest? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/mrunmayee-to-play-anoops-love/articleshow/56171676.cms |access-date=27 December 2016 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ठाकुर अनूपसिंग आणि मृण्मयीची 'बेभान' जोडी |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/thakur-anoop-singh-and-mrunmayee-deshpande-will-be-seen-in-bebhan-movie-1368446/ |access-date=23 December 2016 |website=loksatta.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ठाकुर अनूपसिंग आणि मृण्मयीची 'बेभान' जोडी |url=https://www.saamana.com/bebhan-marathi-cinema/ |access-date=30 December 2016 |website=saamana.com |language=en |archive-date=12 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712104934/http://www.saamana.com/bebhan-marathi-cinema/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ठाकुर अनूपसिंग आणि मृण्मयी देशपांडेची 'बेभान' जोडी |url=https://www.lokmat.com/marathi-cinema/thakur-anupsing-and-mrinmayee-deshpandes-bhabhan-pair/ |access-date=23 December 2016 |website=lokmat.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2018<br />
| ''[[Farzand]]''<br />
| Kesar (a spy)<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=मृण्मयी देशपांडे 'फर्जंद'मध्ये साकारणार हेरगिरीची भूमिका |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/mrunmayee-deshpande-will-play-detective-kesar-in-marathi-movie-farzand-1673360/ |access-date=3 May 2018 |website=loksatta.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=मृण्मयीने केसरच्या भूमिकेत भरले हेरगिरीचे रंग 'फर्जंद' मध्ये साकारली कलावंतीण |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-MB-IFTM-actress-mrunmayee-deshpande-in-marathi-film-farzand-5864559-NOR.html |access-date=3 May 2018 |website=divyamarathi.bhaskar.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=मृण्मयी तलवारबाजी शिकली |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/entertainment-gossips/learned-fencing/articleshow/64012799.cms |access-date=4 May 2018 |website=maharshtratimes.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hotstar.com/1000229750 |title=Farzand |website=hotstar.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bogda (film)|Bogda]]''<br />
| Tejaswini alias Teju<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mrunmayee and Suhas to play mother-daughter |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/mrunmayee-and-suhas-to-play-mother-daughter/articleshow/65005236.cms?from=mdr |access-date=16 July 2018 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bogda movie: Review, Cast, Director |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/bogda-movie-review-cast-director |access-date=7 September 2018 |website=freepressjournal.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.netflix.com/in/title/81155782?preventIntent=true |title=Bogda |website=netflix.com }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Shikari'' <br />
| Phulwa Gulaabrao Phoolsundar <br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suvrat Joshi got hitched? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/suvrat-joshi-got-hitched/articleshow/59297935.cms?from=mdr |access-date=24 June 2017 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adult comedy Shikari will give out a social message too |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/adult-comedy-shikari-will-give-out-a-social-message-too/articleshow/63625170.cms?from=mdr |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Suvrat Joshi's stylish turn for Shikari |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/suvrat-joshis-stylish-turn-for-shikari/articleshow/63592038.cms |access-date=3 April 2018 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.airtelxstream.in/movies/shikari/ZEE5_MOVIE_0-0-50255 |title=Shikari |website=airtelxstream.in}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Rowspan="4"|2019<br />
| ''[[Bhai: Vyakti Ki Valli]]'' <br />
|Sundari<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[15 August (2019 film)|15 August]]'' <br />
|Jui<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=15 August |url=https://www.netflix.com/in/title/81033429?preventIntent=true |access-date=13 March 2019 |website=netflix.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=15 August movie review: The Madhuri Dixit production's strength is its simplicity |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/15-august-movie-review-netflix-5648991/ |access-date=30 March 2019 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhuri Dixit and Sriram Nene produce Marathi film 15 August, now streaming on Netflix |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/madhuri-dixit-and-sriram-nene-produce-marathi-film-15-august-now-streaming-on-netflix/cid/1688083 |access-date=3 April 2019 |website=The Telegraph (India) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhuri Dixit-produced Netflix Marathi film 15th August set for March 29 release |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/regional-cinema-madhuri-dixit-produced-netflix-marathi-film-15th-august-set-for-march-29-release-509742 |access-date=18 March 2019 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhuri Dixit-produced Netflix Marathi film '15th August' set for March 29 release |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/madhuri-dixit-produced-netflix-marathi-film-15th-august-set-for-march-29-release-119031800236_1.html |access-date=18 March 2019 |website=Business Standard |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Fatteshikast]]''<br />
|Kesar (a spy) <br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fatteshikast': Character poster of Mrunmayee Deshpande as 'Kesar' unveiled! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/fatteshikast-character-poster-of-mrunmayee-deshpande-as-kesar-unveiled/articleshow/71597857.cms?from=mdr |access-date=15 October 2019 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fatteshikast': Trailer of Digpal Lanjekar's historical film is set to release on THIS date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/fatteshikast-trailer-of-digpal-lanjekars-historical-film-is-set-to-release-on-this-date/articleshow/71503777.cms?from=mdr |access-date=9 October 2019 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fatteshikast' trailer: Chinmay Mandlekar and Mrunal Kulkarni starrer will keep you at the edge of your seat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/fatteshikast-trailer-chinmay-mandlekar-and-mrunal-kulkarni-starrer-will-keep-you-at-the-edge-of-your-seat/articleshow/71520238.cms?from=mdr |access-date=10 October 2019 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/fatteshikast/0-0-199529 |title=Fatteshikast |website=zee5.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Miss U Mister]]''<br />
|Kaveri<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss u Mister': Siddharth Chandekar and Mrunmayee Deshpande to come together after 10 years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/miss-u-mister-siddharth-chandekar-and-mrunmayee-deshpande-to-share-screen-space-after-10-years/articleshow/69229488.cms?from=mdr |access-date=8 May 2019 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss u Mister': Mrunmayee Deshpande unveils the new poster of her upcoming film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/miss-u-mister-mrunmayee-deshpande-unveils-the-new-poster-of-her-upcoming-film/articleshow/69522728.cms?from=mdr |access-date=27 May 2019 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss U Mister' trailer: Siddarth Chandekar and Mrunmayee Deshpande's long distance relationship will keep you hooked |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/miss-u-mister-trailer-siddarth-chandekar-and-mrunmayee-deshpandes-long-distance-relationship-will-keep-you-hooked/articleshow/69644801.cms?from=mdr |access-date=4 June 2019 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss U Mister' new song: Sameer Joshi's 'Tuzi Athavan' gives us a glimpse of the story set to unfold |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/miss-u-mister-new-song-sameer-joshis-tuzi-athavan-gives-us-a-glimpse-of-the-story-set-to-unfold/articleshow/69540284.cms?from=mdr |access-date=28 May 2019 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Rowspan="2"|2021||''Karkhanisanchi Waari'' <br />
|Madhuri Kalbhor<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Power (2021 Indian film)|The Power]]'' <br />
|Ratna Thakur<br />
| Hindi<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE POWER'-13 January, 2021 |url=https://filminformation.com/featured/review-the-power/ |access-date=13 January 2021 |website=filminformation.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Power Review: Vidyut Jammwal's Thrilling Story About A Crime Family Should Be Your On Weekend Watchlist |url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/the-power-review-vidyut-jammwals-thrilling-story-about-a-crime-family-should-be-your-on-weekend-watchlist |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=zee5.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/the-power/0-0-330581 |title=The power |website=zee5.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2022<br />
| ''[[Sher Shivraj]]''|| Kesar<br />
| rowspan="7" |Marathi<br />
| ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/sher-shivraj-character-poster-of-mrunmayee-deshpande-as-kesar-unveiled/articleshow/90951930.cms |title='Sher Shivraj': Character poster of Mrunmayee Deshpande as 'Kesar' unveiled! |website=The Times of India |date=20 April 2022 |access-date=23 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|Chandramukhi]]''|| Dolly Deshmane<br />
| || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mrunmaayee Deshpande opens up about her character 'Damayanti' in Chandramukhi' and more {{!}} Marathi Movie News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/marathi/mrunmaayee-deshpande-opens-up-about-her-character-damayanti-in-chandramukhi-and-more/videoshow/91154996.cms |access-date=9 June 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2023<br />
|''[[Maharashtra Shahir]]''<br />
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Subhedar]]''<br />
|Kesar<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2024<br />
|''[[Swargandharva Sudhir Phadke]]''<br />
|Lalita Phadke <br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Swargandharva Sudhir Phadke Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} Exclusive 2024 - Rang Marathi |url=https://rangmarathi.com/swargandharva-sudhir-phadke-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=17 March 2024 |date=26 February 2024}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2025<br />
|''[[Ek Radha Ek Meera]]''<br />
|Manasvi<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{cite web |last1=Marathi |first1=Rang |title=Ek Radha Ek Meera Movie (2025): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} एक राधा एक मीरा {{!}} Exclusive 2024 |url=https://rangmarathi.com/ek-radha-ek-meera-movie-2025/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=13 October 2024 |date=9 October 2024}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Tu Bol Na]]''<br />
|Manva<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-16 |title=After protests, Mrunmayee Deshpande’s film returned with a new name |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/mrunmayee-deshpande-film-protest-10311122/ |access-date=2026-05-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== As director ===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Language<br />
! Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|| 2020 || ''Mann Fakiraa'' || rowspan="2" | [[Marathi language|Marathi]]||<ref>{{Cite web |title='Mann Fakiraa': Mrunmayee Deshpande and team come up with an interesting way to promote the film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/mann-fakiraa-mrunmayee-deshpande-and-team-come-up-with-an-interesting-way-to-promote-the-film/articleshow/74454271.cms?from=mdr |access-date=3 March 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! Did you know Mrunmayee Deshpande's 'Mann Fakiraa' characters have a connection with her personal life? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/did-you-know/exclusive-did-you-know-mrunmayee-deshpandes-mann-fakiraa-characters-have-a-connection-with-her-personal-life/articleshow/74827641.cms?from=mdr |access-date=26 March 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mrunmayee Deshpande looks unimaginably elegant as she steps out to promote her film 'Mann Fakiraa' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/photos-mrunmayee-deshpande-looks-unimaginably-elegant-as-she-steps-out-to-promote-her-film-mann-fakiraa/articleshow/74084400.cms?from=mdr |access-date=11 February 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mann Fakiraa: Exploring an unconventional story with Mrunmayee Deshpande, Suvrat Joshi and Sailee Sanjeev |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/mann-fakiraa-exploring-an-unconventional-story-with-mrunmayee-deshpande-suvrat-joshi-and-sailee-sanjeev/videoshow/74244980.cms |access-date=21 February 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MANN FAKIRA MOVIE REVIEW |url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi-reviews/mann-fakira-movie-review/articleshow/74517449.cms |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=26 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326164004/https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi-reviews/mann-fakira-movie-review/articleshow/74517449.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|| 2021 || ''[[Tu Bol Na]]'' ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manache-Shlok': Mrunmayee Deshpande kick-starts shooting for her second directorial |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/manache-shlok-mrunmayee-deshpande-is-all-set-to-make-her-debut-as-director-with-the-upcoming-film/articleshow/68986877.cms?from=mdr |access-date=22 April 2019 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manache-Shlok': Mrunmayee Deshpande calls it a wrap, shares a group photo with the team |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/manache-shlok-mrunmayee-deshpande-calls-it-a-wrap-shares-a-group-photo-with-the-team/articleshow/69198776.cms?from=mdr |access-date=6 May 2019 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== As Writer ===<br />
<br />
* ''Anuraag'' (2016)<br />
* ''Mann Fakiraa'' (2020)<br />
* ''[[Tu Bol Na]]'' (2021)<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Show<br />
!Role<br />
!Channel<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|2008<br />
|''[[Agnihotra (TV series)|Agnihotra]]''<br />
|Sai Dinesh Nimbalkar <br />
|[[Star Pravah]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2009-2012<br />
|''Kunku''<br />
|Janki killedar<br />
|[[Zee Marathi]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/kunku/0-6-61/kunku-episode-1-full-episode/0-1-14692 |title=kunku |website=zee5.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|''Yuva Singer Ek Number''<br />
| rowspan="2" |Anchor<br />
|[[Zee Yuva]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actress Mrunmayee Deshpande to host 'Yuva Singer Ek Number |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/actress-mrunmayee-deshpande-to-host-yuva-singer-ek-number/articleshow/70462601.cms |access-date=31 July 2019 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi Li'l Champs]]''<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Zee Marathi]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|''[[Band Baja Varat]]''<br />
|Host<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mrunmayee Deshpande to host new show Band Baja Varat Celebrity Che Lagna Jorat - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/mrunmayee-deshpande-to-host-new-show-band-baja-varat-celebrity-che-lagna-jorat/articleshow/92275387.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi Li'l Champs]]''<br />
|Anchor<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Stage===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Play<br />
!Role<br />
!Language<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|''A Fair Deal'' (अ-फेअर डील)<br />
|<br />
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=डील' आजच्या पिढीशी! |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/entertainment-drama/a-fair-deal/articleshow/46909279.cms |access-date=14 April 2015 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=मृण्मयीचं फेअर डील |url=https://www.lokmat.com/entertainment/mr-financis-fair-deal/ |access-date=2 May 2015 |website=lokmat.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Web series===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Series<br />
!Role<br />
!Director<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2021<br />
|''Soppa Nasta Kahi''<br />
|{{TBA}}<br />
|''Mayuresh Joshi''<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=अभिजीत, शशांक, मृण्मयी लवकरच एकत्र, म्हणतात - 'सोपं नसतं काही' |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/entertainment/marathi-cinema/news/abhijeet-kahndkekar-shashank-ketkar-and-mrinmayee-deshpandes-new-web-series-sopa-nasta-kahi-128402788.html |access-date=11 April 2021 |website=divyamarathi.bhaskar.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=अभिजीत खांडकेकर आणि मृण्मयी देशपांडे एकत्र झळकणार वेबसिरीजमध्ये |url=https://www.lokmat.com/videos/entertainment/abhijeet-khandkekar-and-mrinmayi-deshpande-star-together-webseries-soppa-nasta-kahi-marathi-a678/ |access-date=23 April 2021 |website=lokmat.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=या नव्या वेबसिरीजच्या निमित्ताने अभिजीत, मृण्मयी, शशांक झळकणार एकत्र |url=https://mmarathi.peepingmoon.com/entertainment-news/news/12876/shashank-ketkar-abhijeet-khandkekar-mrunmayee-deshpande-will-be-seen-in-sopa-nasta-kahi-series.html |access-date=10 April 2021 |website=peepingmoon.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Mumbai Diaries 26/11]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" |Dr. Sujata Ajawale<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Nikkhil Advani|''Nikhil Advani'']] <br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2021 |title=Mumbai Diaries 26/11 trailer out. Amazon series shows doctors' struggle during attack |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/mumbai-diaries-26-11-trailer-out-amazon-series-shows-doctors-struggle-during-attack-1845499-2021-08-26 |access-date=4 September 2021 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|''[[Mumbai Diaries 26/11 |Mumbai Diaries Season 2]]''<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Awards and nominations ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Award <br />
!Category <br />
!Work <br />
!Result<br />
|-<br />
|2009<br />
|[[Maharashtra State Film Awards]]<br />
|Best Newcomer – Female<br />
|''Lek Mazi Gunachi''<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2010<br />
| rowspan="8" |[[Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards]]<br />
|Best Actress <br />
| rowspan="8" |''[[Kunku (TV series)|Kunku]]''<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Character – Female<br />
|{{Nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Sibling <br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Popular Face of the Year<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2011<br />
|Best Actress <br />
|{{Nom}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards 2011 |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-zee-marathi-awards-function-2011-2438008.html}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Best Character – Female<br />
|{{Won}}<ref name=":0" /><br />
|-<br />
|Best Sibling <br />
|{{won}}<ref name=":0" /><br />
|-<br />
|Popular Face of the Year<br />
|{{Nom}}<ref name=":0" /><br />
|-<br />
|2012<br />
|[[Maharashtra State Film Awards]]<br />
|Best Supporting Actress <br />
|''Mokala Shwaas''<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
|2012<br />
|[[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]<br />
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Actress|Favourite Actress]] <br />
|''Mokala Shwaas''<br />
|{{Nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2016<br />
|[[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]<br />
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Actress|Favourite Actress]] <br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[Katyar Kaljat Ghusali (film)|Katyar Kaljat Ghusali]]''<br />
|{{nom}}{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}} <br />
|-<br />
|Sanskruti Kaladarpan Awards <br />
|Best Supporting Actress<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[3rd Filmfare Awards Marathi]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Marathi|Best Supporting Actress]] <br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[Natsamrat]]''<br />
|{{nom}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations for the Jio Filmfare Awards Marathi 2017 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-jio-filmfare-award-marathi-2017_-24704.html |access-date= |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]<br />
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] <br />
|{{won}}{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}} <br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[MFK Award for Favourite Actress|Favourite Actress]] <br />
|''[[Farzand]]''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|''[[Fatteshikast]]''<br />
|{{Nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2022<br />
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Supporting Actress|Favourite Supporting Actress]] <br />
| rowspan="4" |''[[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|Chandramukhi]]''<br />
|{{nom}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhirvandekar |first=Harshada |title=Maharashtracha Favourite Kon: यंदा कोण ठरणार ‘महाराष्ट्राचा फेवरेट’? नामांकनं जाहीर! |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-nominations-declare-know-how-to-vote-141671676182720.html |access-date= |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Fakt Marathi Cine Sanman]]<br />
|[[Fakt Marathi Cine Sanman for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Actress in a Supporting Role]]<br />
|{{won}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Navarashtra |date=2022-07-20 |title=Fakt Marathi Cine Sanman {{!}} फक्त मराठी सिने सन्मानसाठी तब्बल ११ विभागात ‘सोयरीक’ला नामांकने, २७ जुलैला रंगणार सोहळा {{!}} Navarashtra (नवराष्ट्र) |url=https://www.navarashtra.com/entertainment/soyrik-marathi-movie-got-11-nomination-for-fakt-marathi-award-nrsr-306255/ |access-date= |website=Navarashtra |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Pravah Picture Awards <br />
|Best Supporting Actress<br />
|{{nom}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=टीम |first=एबीपी माझा वेब |date=2022-08-29 |title=Pravah Picture Award 2022 : दिमाखात पार पडला ‘प्रवाह पिक्चर पुरस्कार नामांकन सोहळा 2022’, दिग्गजांची खास उपस्थिती! |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/satr-pravah-picture-award-2022-nominees-announced-in-various-category-1094768 |access-date= |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Maharashtra Times|MaTa Sanman Awards]] <br />
|Best Supporting Actress – Film<br />
|{{nom}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘मटा सन्मान’ची मानांकने जाहीर; चित्रपट, टीव्ही, वेब सीरिज विभागांत चुरस |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/mata-sanmaan/news/mata-sanman-nominations-announced-for-year-2023-tv-serials-and-web-series-cinema/articleshow/98127639.cms |access-date= |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Maharashtra State Film Awards]]<br />
|Rowspan="2"|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] <br />
|''[[Miss U Mister]]''<br />
|{{won}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marathi Actress Mrunmayee Deshpande Got Maharashtra State Government best actress award for film Miss You Mister |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/marathi-actress-mrunmayee-deshpande-got-maharashtra-state-government-best-actress-award-for-film-miss-you-mister/785646/amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM=#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=17087625189924&referrer=https://www.google.com&ampshare=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/marathi-actress-mrunmayee-deshpande-got-maharashtra-state-government-best-actress-award-for-film-miss-you-mister/785646 |access-date= |website=zeenews.india.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[59th Maharashtra State Film Awards|2021]]<br />
|''Bebhaan''<br />
|{{Nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[60th Maharashtra State Film Awards|2025]]<br />
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]<br />
|''[[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|Chandramukhi]]''<br />
|{{won}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gurav |first=Minal |date=2025-08-06 |title=आणि विजेते आहेत... Maharashtra State Marathi Film Awards 2025, विनर्सची संपूर्ण लिस्ट |url=https://news18marathi.com/entertainment/rinku-rajguru-amruta-khanvilkar-60th-and-61st-maharashtra-state-marathi-film-awards-2025-winners-full-list-1451798.html |access-date=2025-08-07 |website=news18marathi.com |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb name | id= 3575147 }}<br />
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|mrunmayee-deshpande}}<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes person|mrinmayee_deshpande|Mrinmayee Deshpande}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Deshpande, Mrunmayee}}<br />
[[Category:1988 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Pune]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi television]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naam_Foundation&diff=519655Naam Foundation2026-05-01T14:56:11Z<p>RobbyAyres: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Farmer-focused organization in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox organization<br />
| name = Naam Foundation<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| named_after = <br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = https://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://naammh.org/wp-content/themes/naam/images/naam-logo.png&imgrefurl=http://naammh.org/&h=105&w=203&tbnid=-d-c9S2eQrsLDM:&q=naam+foundation&tbnh=103&tbnw=200&usg=__a9p33Df35p6HvhSkEa03yEg0wtw%3D&vet=10ahUKEwjp2oKPjNPbAhVMs48KHUDtDV4Q_B0I5AEwEw..i&docid=p-v4Dofn7uM34M&itg=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjp2oKPjNPbAhVMs48KHUDtDV4Q_B0I5AEwEw<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| formation = {{start date|2015|09|15|df=y}}<br />
| founder = [[Nana Patekar]] & [[Makarand Anaspure]]<br />
| founding_location = <br />
| extinction = <!-- use {{end date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} --><br />
| merger = <br />
| type = <br />
| tax_id = <!-- or | vat_id = (for European organisations) --><br />
| registration_id = <!-- for non-profit org --><br />
| status = <br />
| purpose = Helping farmers and their families<br />
| headquarters = [[Pune]], India<br />
| location = <br />
| coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LON|display=inline,title}} --><br />
| region_served = Maharashtra, India<br />
| services = <br />
| products = <br />
| methods = <br />
| fields = <br />
| membership = <br />
| num_members_year = <br />
| language = <br />
| owner = <!-- or | owners = --><br />
| secretary_general = <br />
| leader_title = <br />
| leader_name = <br />
| leader_title2 = <br />
| leader_name2 = <br />
| leader_title3 = <br />
| leader_name3 = <br />
| leader_title4 = <br />
| leader_name4 = <br />
| board_of_directors = <br />
| key_people = [[Nana Patekar]] & [[Makarand Anaspure]]<br />
| main_organ = <br />
| parent_organization = <br />
| subsidiaries = <br />
| secessions = <br />
| affiliations = <br />
| budget = <br />
| budget_year = <br />
| revenue = <br />
| revenue_year = <br />
| disbursements = <br />
| expenses = <br />
| expenses_year = <br />
| endowment = <br />
| num_staff = <br />
| num_staff_year = <br />
| num_volunteers = <br />
| num_volunteers_year = <br />
| slogan = <br />
| mission = <br />
| website = {{URL|https://naammh.org/}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Naam Foundation''' is a [[non-governmental organisation]] based in the city of [[Pune]] by [[Nana Patekar]] and [[Makarand Anaspure]]. The foundation works for betterment of farmers in the drought-prone areas of [[Marathwada]] and [[Vidarbha]] in the state of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-nana-patekar-sets-up-naam-foundation-to-fund-drought-relief-for-farmers-contributions-pour-in-2125479 | title=Nana Patekar sets up Naam Foundation to fund drought relief for farmers | publisher=DNA | date=15 September 2015 | access-date=12 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="Foundation News">{{cite web | url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/pune/nana-patekar-form-a-foundation-for-drought-relief/articleshow/48971971.cms | title=बळीराजासाठी नाना-मकरंदची 'नाम' फाउंडेशन (Marathi content) | publisher=Maharashtra Times Newspaper | date=15 September 2015 | access-date=12 October 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Background and founding==<br />
Nana Patekar and Makarand Anaspure started with helping the families of farmers who had committed suicide in the year 2015. This help was at a personal level. Initially, around 230 families from the villages in the districts of [[Nanded]], [[Parbhani]], [[Hingoli]] were helped. The help package included a cheque of ₹ 15,000, blankets, clothes and medical kit.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ndtv.com/opinion/newsroom-when-nana-patekar-became-a-real-life-hero-1216549 | title=When Nana Patekar Became a Real Life Hero | publisher=NDTV | date=11 September 2014 | access-date=12 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esakal.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=4763548144768803929&SectionId=14&SectionName=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE&NewsDate=20150907&Provider=-%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%20%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE&NewsTitle=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%20%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE,%20%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%20%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87 |title=महिलांच्या व्यथा ऐकून नाना, मकरंद गहिवरले (Marathi Content) |publisher=Sakal Newspaper |date=7 September 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011024208/http://www.esakal.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=4763548144768803929&SectionId=14&SectionName=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE&NewsDate=20150907&Provider=-%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%20%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE&NewsTitle=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%20%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE,%20%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%20%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87 |archive-date=11 October 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Nana-Patekar-gives-aid-to-kin-of-farmers-who-committed-suicide/articleshow/48854753.cms | title=Nana Patekar gives aid to kin of farmers who committed suicide | publisher=Times of India | date=7 September 2015 | access-date=12 October 2015}}</ref> However, instead of helping a select few families and in order to increase the scope of this social work beyond monetary compensation, Nana Patekar and Makrand Anaspure decided to set up a foundation to undertake all these activities. They registered '''Naam Foundation''' in Pune in September 2015.<ref name="Foundation News" /><br />
<br />
==Donations==<br />
Donations poured in to the foundation immediately after inauguration. The foundation collected ₹ 80 lacs on day 1.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Nana-Patekar-Work-for-farmers-cause-gives-me-a-reason-to-live/articleshow/49125952.cms | title=Nana Patekar: Work for farmers' cause gives me a reason to live | publisher=Times Of India | date=27 September 2015 | access-date=12 October 2015}}</ref> The foundation collected over ₹ 6.5 crores within two weeks.<br />
In order to facilitate the process, there is a bank account that has been opened with State Bank of India, wherein people who want to help can deposit money for the said cause.<br />
The donation process is easy requiring '''pan card''' only, there is a '''tax''' benefit for each donation made by an individual donor as per Mumbai Trust Act : 1950<br />
<ref name="After founding">{{cite web | url=http://www.esakal.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=5029478327271935527&SectionId=14&SectionName=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE&NewsDate=20151003&Provider=-%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%20%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE&NewsTitle= | title='नाम फाउंडेशन' कडे साडेसहा कोटी (Marathi content) | publisher=Sakal Newspaper | date=3 October 2015 | access-date=12 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011030316/http://www.esakal.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=5029478327271935527&SectionId=14&SectionName=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE&NewsDate=20151003&Provider=-%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%20%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE&NewsTitle= | archive-date=11 October 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Work==<br />
The foundation helps the farmers in drought-stricken areas of [[Maharashtra]]. The help is monetary and in-kind. In addition to the monetary help, the foundation is working on planting 1 crore trees, training and guidance to the farmers, farming centres, employment centres, etc. The foundation has adopted Dhondalgaon (tal. [[Vaijapur]], [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]])<ref>{{cite web | url=http://abpmajha.abplive.in/maharashtra/nana-patekar-and-makrand-anaspure-village-adopt-2 | title=नाना पाटेकर, मकरंदनी गाव घेतलं दत्तक, 'नाम'ला पैसे देण्यासाठी लागली रांग! (Marathi content) | publisher=ABP Majha | date=2 October 2015 | access-date=12 October 2015 | archive-date=13 October 2015 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20151013023037/http://abpmajha.abplive.in/maharashtra/nana-patekar-and-makrand-anaspure-village-adopt-2 | url-status=dead }}</ref> and Aamala ([[Wardha district|Wardha]]) villages. The foundation aims to grant employment to 500 youngsters and 30 women. The foundation has offices in the cities of [[Mumbai]], [[Thane]], [[Pune]], [[Aurangabad]] and [[Nagpur]].<ref name="After founding" /><ref name="Official Website">{{cite web | url=http://www.naammh.org/ | title=Naam Foundation's official website | publisher=Naam Foundation | access-date=12 October 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Initiatives ==<br />
1) Education<br />
<br />
2) Endorsed Villages<br />
<br />
3) Basic Help For Farmer's Widows<br />
<br />
4) Group Farming<br />
<br />
5) Sewing Cluster<br />
<br />
6) River Rejuvenation<br />
<br />
7) Constructions Of Houses<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://naammh.org/category/events/|title=Initiative {{!}} Naam Foundation|website=naammh.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-14|archive-date=14 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614172322/http://naammh.org/category/events/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.naammh.org/ Official Website]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Foundations based in India]]<br />
[[Category:Organisations based in Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Social welfare charities]]<br />
[[Category:Organizations established in 2015]]<br />
[[Category:2015 establishments in Maharashtra]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namchi%E2%80%93Singhithang_Assembly_constituency&diff=520182Namchi–Singhithang Assembly constituency2026-04-19T19:31:38Z<p>RobbyAyres: new new biography</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Sikkim legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Namchi-Singhithang<br />
| state = [[Sikkim]]<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| constituency_no = 11<br />
| map_image = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| district = [[Namchi district|Namchi]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Sikkim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikkim]]<br />
| established = 2008<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| incumbent_image = <br />
| mla = [[Satish Chandra Rai (politician)|Satish Chandra Rai]]<br />
|party = {{Party index link|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}<br />
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br />
|latest_election_year = [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
| electors = 12,689<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceosikkim.nic.in/UploadedFiles/VoterTurnout/Voters%20Turnout%20Vidhan%20Sabha%20Elections%20Sikkim%202019.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219115258/https://ceosikkim.nic.in/UploadedFiles/VoterTurnout/Voters%20Turnout%20Vidhan%20Sabha%20Elections%20Sikkim%202019.pdf|archive-date=19 February 2024 |title=Vidhan Sabha Elections Sikkim 2019 - Voters Turnout Statistical Data|website=ceosikkim.nic.in |publisher= CEO of Sikkim |access-date= 1 January 2021}}</ref> {{update after|2024|05}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Namchi-Singhithang''' is one of the 32 constituencies of [[Sikkim Legislative Assembly]], in [[Sikkim]], India.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceosikkim.nic.in/Home/ElectionLinkDesc?EID=10041 |title=Sikkim State Assembly Constituencies Map |author=CEO Sikkim |access-date= 30 June 2022}}</ref> The current incumbent is [[Satish Chandra Rai]] of the [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]] who has been representing the constituency since the [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3365-sikkim-2014/ |title=State Election, 2014 to the legislative assembly of Sikkim |website=eci.gov.in |access-date= 17 January 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Election<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || [[Pawan Kumar Chamling]] || {{Full party name with color|Sikkim Democratic Front|rowspan=4}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 elections in India#Sikkim|2009^]] || Binod Kumar Rai<br />
|-<br />
| [[2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || rowspan=2 | [[Pawan Kumar Chamling]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
|[[Krishna Kumari Rai]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|| [[2024 elections in India#Sikkim|2024^]]<br />
|[[Satish Chandra Rai (politician)|Satish Chandra Rai]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
^By-election<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
=== Assembly By-election 2024 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Namchi–Singhithang<ref name="NDA makes a clean sweep of bypolls in the Northeast">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=NDA makes a clean sweep of bypolls in the Northeast |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/nda-makes-a-clean-sweep-of-bypolls-in-the-northeast/article68902364.ece |access-date=23 November 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241123144021/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/nda-makes-a-clean-sweep-of-bypolls-in-the-northeast/article68902364.ece |archive-date=23 November 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Satish Chandra Rai (politician)|Satish Chandra Rai]]|party=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |votes= Elected Unopposed|percentage= N/A |change= N/A }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Sikkim Krantikari Morcha<br />
<br />
|percentage = N/A<br />
|change = N/A<br />
|swing =<br />
}} {{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2024 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Namchi–Singhithang}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Krishna Kumari Rai]] |party=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |votes=7,907 |percentage=71.60% |change={{increase}}25.05 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bimal Rai |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=2,605 |percentage=23.59% |change={{decrease}}26.72 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahesh Rai |party=Citizen Action Party – Sikkim |votes=236 |percentage=2.14% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aruna Manger |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=233 |percentage=2.11% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=62 |percentage=0.56% |change={{decrease}}0.19 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,302 |percentage=48.01% |change= {{increase}}44.26 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,043 |percentage=83.34% |change= {{increase}}4.17 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,251 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.43 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |loser=Sikkim Democratic Front |swing= {{increase}}21.29 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===Assembly election 2019 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Namchi–Singhithang<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-24|title=Sikkim Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners|url=https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/sikkim-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205926.html|access-date=2020-08-15|website=Zee News|language=en|archive-date=6 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106160313/https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/sikkim-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205926.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pawan Kumar Chamling]] |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=5,054 |percentage=50.31% |change={{decrease}}4.77 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganesh Rai |party=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |votes=4,677 |percentage=46.56% |change={{increase}}3.99 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kamala Rai |party=Indian National Congress |votes=87 |percentage=0.87% |change={{decrease}}0.20 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kharga Bahadur Rai |party=Sikkim Republican Party |votes=83 |percentage=0.83% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=75 |percentage=0.75% |change={{decrease}}0.55 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hukum Chandra Rai |party=Hamro Sikkim Party |votes=70 |percentage=0.70% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=377 |percentage=3.75% |change= {{decrease}}8.75 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,046 |percentage=79.17% |change= {{decrease}}0.70 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,689 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.93 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser=Sikkim Democratic Front |swing= {{decrease}}4.77 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===Assembly election 2014 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Namchi–Singhithang}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pawan Kumar Chamling]] |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=4,774 |percentage=55.08% |change={{decrease}}25.69 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Milan Rai |party=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |votes=3,690 |percentage=42.57% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=112 |percentage=1.29% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khush Bahadur Rai |party=Indian National Congress |votes=92 |percentage=1.06% |change={{decrease}}8.60 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,084 |percentage=12.51% |change= {{decrease}}58.60 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,668 |percentage=79.87% |change= {{increase}}12.55 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,852 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.70 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser=Sikkim Democratic Front |swing= {{decrease}}25.69 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===Assembly by-election 2009 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 elections in India#Sikkim|2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Namchi–Singhithang}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Binod Kumar Rai |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=4,930 |percentage=80.77% |change={{decrease}}0.20 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Youa Raj Rai |party=Indian National Congress |votes=590 |percentage=9.67% |change={{decrease}}4.79 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Dorgee Bhutia |party=Independent politician |votes=516 |percentage=8.45% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arjun Kumar Rai |party=Sikkim Gorkha Party |votes=48 |percentage=0.79% |change={{increase}}0.07 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,340 |percentage=71.10% |change= {{increase}}4.59 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,104 |percentage=67.33% |change= {{decrease}}9.52 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,066 |ref = |change= }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser=Sikkim Democratic Front |swing= {{decrease}}0.20 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===Assembly election 2009 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Namchi–Singhithang<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/Stats_SK_April2009.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404202702/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/Stats_SK_April2009.pdf|archive-date=4 April 2014|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pawan Kumar Chamling]] |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=5,653 |percentage=80.97% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khush Bahadur Rai |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,009 |percentage=14.45% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Basant Kumar Rai |party=Sikkim Jan-Ekta Party |votes=127 |percentage=1.82% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anjana Tamang |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=81 |percentage=1.16% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sheela Rai |party=Independent politician |votes=62 |percentage=0.89% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arjun Kumar Rai |party=Sikkim Gorkha Party |votes=50 |percentage=0.72% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,644 |percentage=66.51% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,982 |percentage=76.84% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,086 |ref = |change= }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
* [[Namchi]]<br />
* [[Namchi district]]<br />
* [[List of constituencies of Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|27.18|88.37|display=title}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Sikkim}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Namchi-Singhithang Assembly constituency}}<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Sikkim]]<br />
[[Category:Namchi district]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Sikkim]]<br />
[[Category:2008 establishments in Sikkim]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palitana_Assembly_constituency&diff=523917Palitana Assembly constituency2026-04-16T04:35:17Z<p>RobbyAyres: Adding bio - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}<br />
{{expand list|date=June 2025}}{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Palitana<br />
| mla = [[Bhikhabhai Baraiya|Bhikhabhai Ravajibhai Baraiya]]<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]] <br />
| state = Gujarat<br />
| district = [[Bhavnagar district|Bhavnagar]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Bhavnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Bhavnagar]]<br />
| established = 1972<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| electors = {{formatnum:280875}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| constituency_no = 102<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Palitana''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Bhavnagar district|Bhavnagar]] district.<br />
<br />
== List of segments ==<br />
This assembly seat represents the following segments,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent|date=12 December 2006|website=Election Commission of India|publisher=Delimitation Commission of India|pages=2–31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=|access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
# [[Palitana]] Taluka<br />
# [[Sihor Taluka]] (Part) Villages – Agiyali, Ambla, Amargadh, Bekdi, Bhankhal, Bhutiya, Bordi, Budhana, Chorvadala, Devgana, Dhankan Kunda, Dhundhsar, [[Gadhula]] (?[[Gadhoola]]), Gundala, Ishvariya, Jambala, Kanad, Karmadiya, Khari, Lavarda, Limbaddhar, Madhada, Malvan, Meghvadar, Nava Jaliya, Panch Talavada, Panchvada, Padapan, Piparadi, Piparala, [[Rajpara (Tana)|Rajpara]], Ramdhari, Ratanpar, Sakhvadar, Sandhida, [[Sanosara]], Sarkadia (Tana), Sarkadiya (Songadh), Sarvedi, Tana, Tarakpaldi, Thala, Thorali, [[Toda Todi]], Varal, Vavdi (Gajabhai), [[Vavdi (Vachhani)]], Zariya<br />
<br />
== Members of Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<br />
!Image<br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2002]]<br />
|[[Mansukh L. Mandaviya]] || <br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2007]]<br />
|[[Mahendra Sarvaiya|Mahendrasinh Sarvaiya]] || [[File:Mahendrasinh_sarvaiya.jpg|75px]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2012]]<br />
|[[Pravin Rathod]] ||<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Bhikhabhai Baraiya|Bhikhabhai Ravajibhai Baraiya]]<ref name=election2017/> || rowspan="2" | <br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party | rowspan=2 }}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]] <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election candidate==<br />
=== 2022 ===<br />
<!-- this section is transcluded on Electoral history of the MLA--><section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/> <br />
{{Election box begin|<br />
|title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly election, 2022]]: Palitana Assembly constituency }}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Bhikhabhai Ravajibhai Baraiya<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 81568<br />
|percentage = 48.77<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Rathod Pravinbhai Jinabhai<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 53991<br />
|percentage = 32.28<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Kheni Jinabhai Parshottambhai (Dr. Z. P. Kheni)<br />
|party = Aam Aadmi Party<br />
|votes = 25019<br />
|percentage = 14.96<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above]]<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|votes = 1930<br />
|percentage = 1.15<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = 16.49<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors<br />
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:276696}} <br />
|ref=<ref name="Gujarat Elections ECI">{{cite web |title=Gujarat Legislative Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/><br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
=== 2017 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: Palitana<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Bhikabhai Baraiya<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 69,479<br />
|percentage = 46.46<br />
|change = +11.68<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Pravinbhai Rathod<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 55,290<br />
|percentage = 36.97<br />
|change = -6.85<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate|<br />
|candidate = Pravinbhai Gadhavi<br />
|party = GJCP<br />
|votes = 7,784<br />
|percentage = 5.21<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 14,189<br />
|percentage = 9.49<br />
|change = +0.45<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 1,49,543<br />
|percentage = 59.86<br />
|change = -10.93<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2012===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2012]]}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Pravinbhai Rathod<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 69,396<br />
|percentage = 43.82<br />
|change = +11.91<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Mahendra Sarvaiya|Mahendrasinh Sarvaiya]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 55,071<br />
|percentage = 34.78<br />
|change = -16.75<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate|<br />
|candidate = Arjunbhai Rupsangbhai Yadav<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|votes = 15,895<br />
|percentage = 10.04<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Rasikbhai Bhingradiya<br />
|party = Gujarat Parivartan Party<br />
|votes = 13,045<br />
|percentage = 8.24<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 14,325<br />
|percentage = 9.04<br />
|change = -10.58<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 1,58,361<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2007===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2007]]}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Mahendra Sarvaiya|Mahendrasinh Sarvaiya]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 50,939<br />
|percentage = 51.53<br />
|change = +5.92<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Labhubhai Kantrodiya<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 31,545<br />
|percentage = 31.91<br />
|change = -10.98<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate|<br />
|candidate = Shantibhai Mavjibhai Kambad<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|votes = 8,871<br />
|percentage = 8.97<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 19,394<br />
|percentage = 19.62<br />
|change = +16.9<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 98,855<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2002===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2002]]}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Mansukh L. Mandaviya]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 40,495<br />
|percentage = 45.61<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Karshanbhai Bhikhabhai Vegad<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 38,079<br />
|percentage = 42.89<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Parshotambhai Keshavbhai Patel<br />
|party = Nationalist Congress Party<br />
|votes = 3,174<br />
|percentage = 3.57<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 2,416<br />
|percentage = 2.72<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 88,793<br />
|percentage = 57.62<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of constituencies of Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]<br />
* [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat|state=expanded}}<br />
{{Gujarat elections|state=collapsed}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|21.52|71.82|display=title}}<br />
<br />
{{Bhavnagar district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Bhavnagar district]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]<br />
[[Category:1972 establishments in Gujarat]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=V._S._Natarajan&diff=543131V. S. Natarajan2026-04-13T00:32:06Z<p>RobbyAyres: done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian career banker (1923–2013)}}<br />
{{distinguish|Vallalarpuram Sennimalai Natarajan}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = V. S. Natarajan<br />
| image =<br />
| caption = <br />
| term_start = 20 December 1982<br />
| term_end = 30 January 1983<br />
| birth_date = {{circa|1923}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]] (now Chennai, [[Tamil Nadu]], India)<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|2013|1|9|1923|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India<br />
| office = 9th [[Chairman of State Bank of India]]<ref name="SBI1">{{cite web|url=https://hemindrahazari.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/SBI-BUY-3-Feb-2000.pdf|title=A Question of Leadership|via=STATE BANK OF INDIA|work=hemindrahazari.com|date=3 Feb 2000|access-date=6 Jun 2021}}</ref><br />
| predecessor = [[P. C. D. Nambiar]]<br />
| successor = [[R. P. Goyal]]<br />
| children = 3 <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''V. S. Natarajan''' (1923 – 9 January 2013) was an Indian career banker who served as the 9th [[Chairman of State Bank of India]].<ref name="SBI1"/><ref name="SBI2">{{cite web|url=https://edifying.in/state-bank-of-india-story-of-the-largest-bank-in-india/|title="State Bank of India- Story of the Largest Bank in India"|via=Edifying|work=edifying.in|date=27 May 2021|access-date=6 Jun 2021|archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603085116/https://edifying.in/state-bank-of-india-story-of-the-largest-bank-in-india/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
He died on 9 January 2013 at his home in ''Boat Club Road'' in [[Chennai]], just a few days before his 90th birthday surviving two daughters, a son, four grand children and a couple dozen great grand children.<ref name="SBI4">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/Former-SBI-Chairman-Natarajan-passes-away/article20563578.ece|title=Former SBI Chairman Natarajan passes away|via=Business Line|work=thehindubusinessline.com|date=9 Jan 2013|access-date=6 Jun 2021}}</ref><ref name="SBI5">{{cite web|url=http://www.rupeetimes.com/news/savings_accounts/former_chairman_of_sbi_passes_away_7775.html|title=Former Chairman of SBI Natarajan passes away|via=Rupee Times|work=rupeetimes.com|date=10 Jan 2013|access-date=6 Jun 2021}}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
He had joined the [[State Bank of India]] as a probationary officer in 1943 and served in a number of roles. He also served as the chief manager of the [[Thalassery]] branch in [[Kerala]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/Former-SBI-Chairman-Natarajan-passes-away/article20563578.ece|title=Former SBI Chairman Natarajan passes away|website=@businessline|date=9 January 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/290118/sbi-thalassery-turns-140-today.html|title=SBI Thalassery turns 140 today|date=29 January 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> He served as the ninth [[Chairman of State Bank of India]] from 20 December 1982 until 30 January 1983.<ref name="SBI2"/><ref name="auto"/> After his retirement in 1983, he was succeeded by [[R. P. Goyal]] as the [[Chairman of State Bank of India]].<ref name="SBI1"/><ref name="SBI2"/> After having retired from the [[State Bank of India]] in 1983, he became a lifelong member of the [[Indian Institute of Banking and Finance]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top Stories|url=http://www.iibf.org.in/admin/newsletter/NewsletterOneHTML/2839_1.html|access-date=6 June 2021|website=www.iibf.org.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{SBI}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:V. S. Natarajan}}<br />
[[Category:Indian bankers]]<br />
[[Category:State Bank of India]]<br />
[[Category:Chairmen of the State Bank of India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian corporate directors]]<br />
[[Category:2013 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:1923 births]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_Badruddin&diff=484246Abdullah Badruddin2026-04-12T22:10:50Z<p>RobbyAyres: started data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian religious leader (1846–1915)}}<br />
{{Infobox religious biography<br />
| name = Abdullah Badruddin<br />
| native_name = عبدُ الله بَدرُالدّين<br />
| honorific_prefix = {{smallcaps|Syedna}}<br />
| honorific_suffix = [[List of Dai of Dawoodi Bohra|50th]] [[Da'i al-Mutlaq]] of the [[Dawoodi Bohra]]<br />
| image = Syedna Abdullah Badruddin.gif<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1846|07|11|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Surat]]<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1915|01|25|1846|07|18|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[Surat]], [[India]]<br />
| resting_place = [[Surat]], [[India]]<br />
| ethnicity = <br />
| education = <br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| home_town = <br />
| net_worth = <br />
| title = {{hlist |Syedna |Maulana| Da'i al-Mutlaq |Da'i al-Fatemi}}<br />
| office1 = [[Da'i al-Mutlaq]]<br />
| term_start1 = 1906<br />
| term_end1 = 1915<br />
| predecessor1 = [[Mohammed Burhanuddin I]]<br />
| successor1 = [[Taher Saifuddin]]<br />
| boards = <br />
| father = [[Abdul Husain Husamuddin]]<br />
| religion = [[Islam]]<br />
| sect = [[Isma'ili]]<br />
| subsect = [[Dawoodi Bohra]]<br />
| jurisprudence = {{hlist|[[Mustaali]] |[[Tayyabi]]}}<br />
| relatives = <br />
| awards = <br />
| website = <br />
| background = #ded<br />
}}<br />
'''Syedna Abdullah Badruddin bin [[Abdul Husain Husamuddin|Syedna AbdulHusain Husamuddin]]''' ({{langx|ar|عبدُالله بَدرُالدين}}); born 11 July 1846) was an Indian-born religious leader, and the 50th [[Da'i al-Mutlaq]] of the [[Dawoodi Bohra]] sect. He was the son of [[Abdul Husain Husamuddin|Syedna AbdulHusain Husamuddin]], whose family lineage can be traced back to [[Fakhruddin Shaheed|Syedi Fakhruddin Shaheed]]. When the 49th Da'i al-Mutlaq [[Syedna Mohammad Burhanuddin (49th Dai)|Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin]] did ''nass'' upon him, all those people who used to say, "After Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, the sect would come to an end", could not believe their eyes.<ref name=p93>Hozefa Mohiyuddin, Tufahatuh ale Akhbaare Hudat, Al Jamea tus Saifiyah Publication, 1995, pg. 93</ref><br />
<br />
By virtue of being the son of [[Abdul Husain Husamuddin|Syedna AbdulHusain Husamuddin]] he became very closely associated with his uncle the 47th Da'i al-Mutlaq, [[Abdul Qadir Najmuddin|Syedna AbdulQadir Najmuddin]].<ref name=p93 /> He was educated by his father in all fields of knowledge and he always remained at the service of his uncle, for the active part of his childhood and youth until age 39, helping him and also learning from him. Then he served his father for six years when he [his father] became the 48th Da'i al-Mutlaq. Later he also served the 49th Da'i al-Mutlaq Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin for fifteen years with great dedication and responsibility.<br />
<br />
He was awarded with the greatest honor of becoming the 50th Da'i al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohra sect. In 1915 he conferred ''nass'' upon [[Taher Saifuddin|Syedna Taher Saifuddin]]<ref name=p94>Hozefa Mohiyuddin, Tufahatuh ale Akhbaare Hudat, Al Jamea tus Saifiyah Publication, 1995, pg. 94</ref> and died later in the year.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
<br />
Syedna Badruddin was the son of [[Abdul Husain Husamuddin|Syedna AbdulHusain Husamuddin]]. He was born in [[Surat]], a city in the state of [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. His brothers were Syedi Abdeali Moyyuddin and SheikhAdam Zaiuddin. His childhood was greatly influenced by the Dawoodi Bohra culture, traditions and principles being brought up in a family of Da'i al-Mutlaq. He was educated by his father and while teaching his father soon realised that he was very interested in learning and also was a voracious reader. He had committed to memory the book [[Da'a'im al-Islam|Da'a'im al-Islam (Pillars of Islam)]], which contains the rules of how to perform the various tenents of [[Islam]]. He had memorized the book in such a manner that he could quote any reference from the book with great accuracy.<br />
<br />
[[Abdul Qadir Najmuddin|Syedna AbdulQadir Najmuddin]] and his father also taught him and his brother Syedi Abdeali Moiyuddin that knowledge which they had acquired from Syedi Abdeali Imaduddin and both brothers later imparted the same to the 51st Da'i al-Mutlaq [[Taher Saifuddin|Syedna Taher Saifuddin]].<ref name=p19>Hozefa Mohiyuddin, Tufahatuh ale Akhbaare Hudat, Al Jamea tus Saifiyah Publication, 1995, pg. 19</ref> Thus the knowledge imparted by the 43rd Da'i al-Mutlaq [[Abdeali Saifuddin|Syedna Abde'Ali Saifuddin]] traveled a time gap of a hundred years and reached its rightful person, without being disrupted by the learned enemies of the [[Dawoodi Bohra]] sect.<br />
<br />
During the era of [[Abdul Qadir Najmuddin|Syedna AbdulQadir Najmuddin]], a 'Hadd-e-Fadil' (a high ranking learned person) of the Dawoodi Bohra sect had predicted the glorious future of Abdullah Badruddin.<ref name=p93 /><br />
<br />
Abdul Qadir Najmuddin paid special attention towards all aspects of his upbringing and education along with his brother Syedi Abdeali Moyyuddin.<ref name=p93 /> Syedi Abdeali Moyyuddin had also written many prose and poems.<ref name=p101>Hozefa Mohiyuddin, Tufahatuh ale Akhbaare Hudat, Al Jamea tus Saifiyah Publication, 1995, pg. 101</ref><br />
<br />
All throughout his youth he utilised most of his time either being with the Da'i al-Mutlaq and helping the Da'i al-Mutlaq in doing religious tasks and at the same time learning from them. Or he was with his father learning the finer points of becoming a Da'i al-Mutlaq. Or he involved himself in doing some activity for the betterment of the members of the community. Or he would lose himself in the books of knowledge.<br />
<br />
==Life before Da'i al-Mutlaq==<br />
<br />
Abdullah Badruddin was born in the era of the 47th Da'i al-Mutlaq and his uncle Abdul Qadir Najmuddin. A time when the enemies of the Dawoodi Bohra community hatched a conspiracy stating that nas has not been conferred over Abdul Qadir Najmuddin by the 46th Da'i al-Mutlaq Mohammed Badruddin.<ref name=p68>Hozefa Mohiyuddin, Tufahatuh ale Akhbaare Hudat, Al Jamea tus Saifiyah Publication, 1995, pg. 68</ref> This created a lot of chaos and confusion among members of the community. To this allegation his uncle never said anything but just stated that the fifth Da'i al-Mutlaq from him will answer his enemies. His uncle travelled extensively amongst the colonies of the members of the Dawoodi Bohra community to teach them, to educate them and also gave the permission to all learned members of the Dawoodi Bohra community to teach the common members as to what the truth is. He supported his uncle, so did other learned members of the community. Together they were able to bring back many members who had gone astray due to claims by enemies and also increased the faith of those members who stood by his uncle. But all these activities caused a great drain on the funds of the Dawoodi Bohra sect and causing the sect to become more indebted.<br />
<br />
When his father became the 48th Da'i al-Mutlaq he also inherited all the debts that was over the Dawoodi Bohra community. Those were very enduring times for the Dawoodi Bohra sect. At that time he stood firmly by his father and did everything his father asked him to do so as to reduce the debts.<br />
<br />
Then [[Syedna Mohammad Burhanuddin (49th Dai)|Mohammed Burhanuddin]], his cousin brother became the 49th Da'i al-Mutlaq. His cousin brother charted out a plan<ref name=p92>Hozefa Mohiyuddin, Tufahatuh ale Akhbaare Hudat, Al Jamea tus Saifiyah Publication, 1995, pg. 92</ref> to get the debt ridden Dawoodi Bohra sect out of its dues and free from the shackles of the lenders. For that his cousin brother made a fund called 'Dawoodi Fund' with an intention to collect money for paying off the debts. Again he took up this task and totally engrossed himself in collecting funds. So much so that he would leave early in the morning, hire a carriage and visit shops to collect funds, even at the time of lunch he would continue the work at hand and after coming home he would eat alone. Seeing his dedication one of his uncles commented saying that, 'the one whom he is serving day and night doesn't even wait for him (to have food together)', referring to his cousin brother.<br />
<br />
But when his cousin brother conferred nas upon him<ref name=p92 /> and he became the 50th Da'i al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohra sect, the same uncle admitted that the one who serves gets served in return.<br />
<br />
Thus he had the great honor of serving three Da'i al-Mutlaq and also received the grace of becoming the 50th Da'i al-Mutlaq.<ref name=p93 /><br />
<br />
==Life as Da'i al-Mutlaq==<br />
<br />
Abdullah Badruddin's face had the radiance of a full moon. Every person seeing him was awestruck by his grace.<ref name=p93 /><br />
<br />
He became the 50th Da'i al-Mutlaq by virtue of the nas done by the 49th Da'i al-Mutlaq Mohammed Burhanuddin in Surat in the year 1906.<br />
<br />
In 1907 he performed his first waaz (sermon) on the day of Ashura (the tenth day of the first month, Moharam ul Haram, as per the Hijri calendar). Seeing him perform the waaz the belief of the learned members of the community was reaffirmed, that the grace and blessings of the Imam in seclusion is with him.<ref name="p94"/><br />
<br />
In his extensive travelling he also laid the foundations of many masjids (places for performing prayers). Some of these masjids were completed while he was the Da'i al-Mutlaq and were inaugurated by him. The rest were completed during the times of the 51st Da'i al-Mutlaq Taher Saifuddin. He also reconstructed the Daras us Saifee (now known as [[Al Jamea tus Saifiyah]], Surat) adding a few new structures.<ref name=p94 /><br />
<br />
During his travels he always insisted that the members of the Dawoodi Bohra community devote their time for reading and learning the religious books of the Dawoodi Bohra sect. He was also well known for strictly practicing the tenents of Islam. He also administered the practice of making the members of the Dawoodi Bohra community follow the tenents.<ref name=p94 /><br />
<br />
He conferred nas upon his nephew [[Taher Saifuddin]] in 1915, in Dumas, Surat. When his nephew came to seek his blessing the next day he was informed about the nas. His nephew's eyes were filled with tears. At that time he called his nephew closer and keeping a hand over his nephew's shoulders he said, "Brother, I know that the dark clouds of a conspiracy is already looming above and you are all alone. But don't keep any kind of doubt in your mind. You have the complete support of the Imam in seclusion. And I hope that the Imam in seclusion reveals himself on brother's hands."<ref name=p109>Hozefa Mohiyuddin, Tufahatuh ale Akhbaare Hudat, Al Jamea tus Saifiyah Publication, 1995, pg. 109</ref><br />
<br />
He died on 25 January 1915 (10 Rabiul Awwal 1333H).<br />
<br />
==Achievements==<br />
<br />
In the times of his uncle the 47th Da'i al-Mutlaq Abdul Qadir Najmuddin when the enemies spread rumors that the 46th Da'i al-Mutlaq Mohammed Badruddin has not conferred nas upon his uncle,<ref name=p68 /> who had remained silent but later said that the fifth Da'i al-Mutlaq from him will answer his enemies. His uncle with the help of him and other learned members of the community began to travel extensively and impart teaching to the members of the community and explain to them the truth regarding the nas. Abdullah Badruddin with his knowledge and persuasive tact brought back many members of the Dawoodi Bohra sect who had been deceived by the enemies claims. By his irrefutable arguments he also strengthened the belief of the people who stood by his uncle.<br />
<br />
When his father Abdul Husain Husamuddin became the 48th Da'i al-Mutlaq there were huge debts over Dawoodi Bohra sect.<ref name=p20>Hozefa Mohiyuddin, Tufahatuh ale Akhbaare Hudat, Al Jamea tus Saifiyah Publication, 1995, pg. 20</ref> Those were the most difficult times for him who stood by his father with the determination and dedication, following each and every instruction of his father and doing everything in his power to get the Dawoodi Bohra sect out of debt.<br />
<br />
Later he showed the same zeal and reverence in his service towards his cousin brother the 49th [[Da'i al-Mutlaq]] [[Syedna Mohammad Burhanuddin (49th Dai)|Mohammed Burhanuddin]]. Such that when his cousin brother announced the formation of Dawoodi Fund to pay off the debts of the Dawoodi Bohra sect, he again took it upon himself to collect the funds . He would put in all his efforts day and night, using all his skills of persuasion and knowledge to make people understand the difficulties of living with such a debt such that they become ready to participate in the effort to repay the debt. Such was the effort put in by him that all the debts of the Dawoodi Bohra sect was paid off within or at the end of five years.<ref name=p92 /><br />
<br />
He also helped his cousin brother in setting up an efficient and effective organisational structure<ref name=p92 /> to ensure the smooth functioning of the various offices of the community. First studying the functioning of various departments then tuning them to work with each other and then ironing out the issues. Then the authorities and responsibilities of the office holders were charted out and each office holder was made aware of the same. And within a period of five years all the departments were functioning like a single unit allowing the Dawoodi Bohra sect to take off on its developmental flight.<br />
<br />
Then his cousin brother set up a plan to develop and uplift the members of the Dawoodi Bohra,<ref name=p92 /> he again took it upon himself and engrossed himself into it. He and his cousin brother have pulled members of the Dawoodi Bohra sect out of poverty and low income generating businesses and jobs and guided them into substantial income earning techniques so that soon their fortunes changed and so did the prospects of the Dawoodi Bohra sect. Within a period of five years the once debt ridden sect was now flourishing and growing at a great pace.<br />
<br />
It was at this time that he became the 50th Da'i al-Mutlaq. He continued with the development process in his era too.<br />
<br />
He completed the works of various masjids and other structures that were started by his cousin brother and he too laid the foundations for many masjids in his time. He also reconstructed the Daras us Saifiyah (now known as [[Al Jamea tus Saifiyah]]).<ref name=p94 /><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{s-start }}<br />
{{s-rel|sh}}<br />
{{s-hou| [[Dā'ī al-Mutlaq]]|| 11 July 1846||25 January 1915}}<br />
{{Succession box<br />
| title = 50th [[Da'i al-Mutlaq]]<br />
| years = 1906-1915<br />
| before = [[Syedna Mohammad Burhanuddin (49th Dai)|Mohammed Burhanuddin I]]<br />
| after = [[Taher Saifuddin]]<br />
}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Dā'ī al-Mutlaq}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Abdullah Badruddin}}<br />
[[Category:Dawoodi Bohra da'is]]<br />
[[Category:1846 births]]<br />
[[Category:1915 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Ismailis]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jockey_(2026_film)&diff=506363Jockey (2026 film)2026-04-05T04:11:50Z<p>RobbyAyres: created</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2026 sports action film by Pragabhal}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Jockey (2026 film).jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = Dr. Pragabhal<br />
| writer = Dr. Pragabhal<br />
| producer = {{ubl<br />
|Prema Krishnadas<br />
|C. Devadas<br />
|Jaya Devadas<br />
}}<br />
| starring = {{Plainlist|<br />
*Yuvan Krishna<br />
*Ridhaan Krishnas<br />
*[[Ammu Abhirami]]<br />
}}<br />
| cinematography = N. S. Uthayakumar<br />
| editing = [[N. B. Srikanth]]<br />
| music = Sakthi Balaji<br />
| studio = PK7 Studios LLP<br />
| released = {{Film date|2026|1|23|df=yes}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Jockey''''' is a 2026 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language sports action drama film written and directed by Dr. Pragabhal, starring Yuvan Krishna, Ridhaan Krishnas in their continued collaboration after ''[[Muddy (film)|Muddy]]'' (2021) and [[Ammu Abhirami]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Babu |first=Gowtham |date=2026-01-13 |title=Jockey Team Interview {{!}} Ammu Abhirami {{!}} Yuvan Krishna {{!}} Ridhaan Krishnas |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/videos/2026/Jan/13/jockey-team-interview-ammu-abhirami-yuvan-krishna-ridhaan-krishnas |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The film is produced by Prema Krishnadas, C. Devadas and Jaya Devadas under PK7 Studios LLP, also marking their continued and second collaboration with Pragabhal, Yuvan Krishna and Ridhaan Krishnas.<br />
<br />
''Jockey'' was released in theatres on 23 January 2026.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
* Yuvan Krishna as Ramar<br />
* Ridhaan Krishnas as Ghabra Karthi<br />
* [[Ammu Abhirami]] as Meenu<br />
* [[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]]<br />
* Sithan Mohan<br />
* Saranya Ravi<br />
* Phathmen<br />
* Yogi<br />
* Sai Dinesh<br />
* Chidambaram<br />
* Praveen<br />
* Aathav<br />
* Eesha<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
Based on the goat fighting sport (called ''Kida Sandai'') set around [[Madurai]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-10-06 |title=Pragabal: Jockey is as much a gangster drama as it is an animal-sport film |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/interviews/2025/Oct/06/pragabal-jockey-is-as-much-a-gangster-drama-as-it-is-an-animal-sport-film |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=2025-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251108123256/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/interviews/2025/Oct/06/pragabal-jockey-is-as-much-a-gangster-drama-as-it-is-an-animal-sport-film |url-status=live }}</ref> the film is directed by Dr. Pragabhal in his sophomore project after ''[[Muddy (film)|Muddy]]'' (2021). The film marks the Tamil debut of Pragabhal, while reuniting with his leads of his debut film, Yuvan Krishna and Ridhaan Krishnas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-09-25 |title=Dr Pragabhal's sophomore titled Jockey |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Sep/25/dr-pragabhals-sophomore-titled-jockey |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=2025-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251017004848/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Sep/25/dr-pragabhals-sophomore-titled-jockey |url-status=live }}</ref> The film stars [[Ammu Abhirami]] as the lead alongside [[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]] in an important role.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-04 |title=Jockey teaser: The politics surrounding the cultural sport of Goat Fight |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Jan/04/jockey-teaser-the-politics-surrounding-the-cultural-sport-of-goat-fight |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The film produced under PK7 Studios LLP banner<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-05 |title=Teaser of 'Jockey' produced by PK7 Studios and directed by Dr. Pragabhal unveiled in style |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/teaser-of-jockey-produced-by-pk7-studios-and-directed-by-dr-pragabhal-unveiled-in-style-1928473 |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en |archive-date=2026-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112174552/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/teaser-of-jockey-produced-by-pk7-studios-and-directed-by-dr-pragabhal-unveiled-in-style-1928473 |url-status=live }}</ref> has its technical team consisting of cinematographer N. S. Udhayakumar, editor [[N. B. Srikanth]], music composer Sakthi Balaji, art director C. Udhayakumar, and action choreographer Prabhu Jacky.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2026-01-01 |title=Jockey teaser to be out on this date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Jan/01/jockey-teaser-to-be-out-on-this-date |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Music ==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Jockey<br />
| type = soundtrack<br />
| artist = Sakthi Balaji<br />
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
| producer = Sakthi Balaji<br />
| chronology = Sakthi Balaji<br />
| misc = {{Singles<br />
|name = Jockey<br />
|type = soundtrack<br />
|single1 = Kapura Gethu – Promo song<br />
|single1date = 10 January 2026<br />
|single2 = Alangaari<br />
|single2date = 12 January 2026<br />
|single3 = Yaaru Yaaru<br />
|single3date = 16 January 2026<br />
|single4 = Thennattu Siriki<br />
|single4date = 21 January 2026<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
The promo song sung by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] was released on 10 January 2026.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBhiU84ee2U |title=JOCKEY – Promo Song {{!}} GV Prakash {{!}} Sakthi Balaji {{!}} Dr.Pragabhal {{!}} Yuvan Krishna {{!}} Ridhaan Krishnas |date=2026-01-10 |last=PK7 Studios |access-date=2026-01-21 |via=YouTube |archive-date=2026-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260111042110/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBhiU84ee2U&feature=youtu.be |url-status=live }}</ref> The second single "Alangaari" was released on 12 January 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2026-01-12 |title=Jockey's second single 'Alangaari' is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Jan/12/jockeys-second-single-alangaari-is-out |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The third single "Yaaru Yaaru" was released on 16 January 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2026-01-16 |title=Jockey's third single 'Yaaru Yaaru' is out now |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Jan/16/jockeys-third-single-yaaru-yaaru-is-out-now |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The fourth single "Thennattu Siriki" was released on 21 January 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2026-01-21 |title='Thennaattu Sirukki' from Jockey out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Jan/21/thennaattu-sirukki-from-jockey-out |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Kapura Gethu – Promo song<br />
| lyrics1 = [[Snehan]]<br />
| extra1 = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]<br />
| title2 = Alangaari<br />
| lyrics2 = R. Lavarathan<br />
| extra2 = Sathya Prakash, [[Rakshita Suresh]]<br />
| title3 = Yaaru Yaaru<br />
| lyrics3 = [[Rokesh]]<br />
| extra3 = Ashlay Jc, Deepan, Sudharshan Ajay, Arun Nrk, Sugandh Shekar, Ananda Murali<br />
| title4 = Thennattu Siriki<br />
| lyrics4 = R. Lavarathan<br />
| extra4 = [[Kapil Kapilan]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
''Jockey'' was released in theatres on 23 January 2026 clashing with ''[[Draupathi 2]]'' and ''[[Hot Spot 2 Much]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-20 |title=Jockey gets a new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Jan/20/jockey-gets-a-new-release-date |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Earlier it was planned to release during [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] but was postponed to the current date.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2026-01-13 |title=Jockey film moves out from the Pongal race |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Jan/13/jockey-film-moves-out-from-the-pongal-race |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-11 |title=Jockey joins Pongal race |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/jockey-joins-pongal-race |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=[[DT Next]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
Abhinav Subramanian of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "The goat fights themselves are where Jockey earns its keep. Raw, intense, shot with real animals in a way that makes you equal parts curious and queasy. [...] Jockey works best as a window into a tradition most viewers won't know exists. The curiosity factor alone carries it."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jockey Movie Review: Real goats carry a familiar fight |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/jockey/movie-review/127127782.cms |access-date=2026-01-22 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> A critic of ''[[Dinamalar]]'' rated the film with 3 out of 5 stars.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ஜாக்கி (2026) - விமர்சனம் {3/5} : ஜாக்கி - ஹீரோ, வில்லன் சண்டைடைய விட அந்த கிடாய் சண்டை கண்ணுக்குள்ளே நிற்குது - Jockey |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/3716/Jockey/ |access-date=2026-01-25 |website=cinema.dinamalar.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|39122441}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2020s sports drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2026 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2026 films]]<br />
[[Category:2026 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian sports drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language sports drama films]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murad_Bakhsh&diff=473560Murad Bakhsh2026-03-13T06:19:50Z<p>RobbyAyres: expanded content</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Mughal prince (1624–1661)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2013}}<br />
{{more footnotes needed|date=November 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| name = Mirza Murad Bakhsh<br>{{nastaliq|مرزا مراد بخش}}<br />
| image = M-baksh1.jpg<br />
| caption = Prince Murad Bakhsh in his 30s {{circa|1655}}<br />
| succession = [[Subadar]] of [[Multan Subah|Multan]]<br />
| reign = 1643 –14 December 1646<br />
| coronation = [[Shah Jahan I]]<br/>[[Aurangzeb]]<br />
| cor-type = [[Emperor]]<br />
| predecessor = Saeed Khan<br />
| title = [[Shahzada (title)|Shahzada]] of the [[Mughal Empire]]<br>[[Mirza (name)|Mirza]]<ref>[http://dawn.com/2011/01/02/past-present-emperors-new-names/ Mughal title ''Mirza''], the title of Mirza and not Khan or Padshah, which were the titles of the Mongol rulers. <br> Timurid Prince</ref><br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Sakina Banu Begum<br/>|1638}}<br />
| issue = {{plainlist|<br />
*Muhammad Yar Mirza<br />
*Izzat Bakhsh Mirza<br />
*Dostdar Banu Begum<br />
*Asaish Banu Begum<br />
*Hamraz Banu Begum}}<br />
| full name = Mirza Muhammad Murad Bakhsh<br />
| house = [[Mughal dynasty]]<br />
| dynasty = [[Timurid dynasty]]<br />
| father = [[Shah Jahan]]<br />
| mother = [[Mumtaz Mahal]]<br />
| signature = Genealogical seal of Murad Bakhsh, 1068 A.H. (ca.1658 C.E.).jpg<br />
| successor = Saeed Khan<br />
| birth_date = 8 October 1624<br />
| birth_place = [[Rohtasgarh Fort]], [[Mughal Empire]]<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|1661|12|14|1624|10|9|df=yes}}<br />
| death_place = [[Gwalior Fort]], [[Mughal Empire]]<br />
| death_cause = [[Execution]]<br />
| burial_place = Traitor's Cemetery (Gwalior)<br />
| signature_type = Seal<br />
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]<br />
| succession1 = [[Subadar]] of [[Balkh Subah|Balkh]]<br />
| reign1 = 16 February 1646 – 9 August 1646)<br />
| cor-type1 = [[Emperor]]<br />
| coronation1 = [[Shah Jahan I]]<br />
| successor1 = [[Aurangzeb]]<br />
| succession2 = [[Subadar]] of [[Kashmir Subah|Kashmir]]<br />
| reign2 = 20 August 1647 – July 1648<br />
| cor-type2 = [[Emperor]]<br />
| coronation2 = [[Shah Jahan I]]<br />
| succession3 = [[Subadar]] of [[Deccan]]<br />
| reign3 = 25 July 1648 – 14 September 1649<br />
| cor-type3 = [[Emperor]]<br />
| coronation3 = [[Shah Jahan I]]<br />
| succession4 = [[Subadar]] of [[Kabul Subah|Kabul]]<br />
| reign4 = 23 January 1650 – 1654<br />
| cor-type4 = [[Emperor]]<br />
| coronation4 = [[Shah Jahan I]]<br />
| predecessor4 = Quli Khan Turani<br />
| suc-type4 = <br />
| successor4 = Said Khan<br />
| succession5 = [[Subadar]] of [[Gujarat Subah|Gujarat]]<br />
| reign5 = March 1654 –14 December 1661<br />
| cor-type5 = [[Emperor]]<br />
| coronation5 = [[Shah Jahan I]]<br/>[[Aurangzeb]]<br />
| predecessor5 = [[Shaista Khan]]<br />
| successor5 = [[Mirza Badi-uz-Zaman Safavi|Shah Nawaz Khan Safavi]]|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Mirza Muhammad Murad Bakhsh''' (9 October 1624 &ndash; 14 December 1661)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/families/mughal.html |title=DELHI (Mughal Empire) |access-date=6 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101062724/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/families/mughal.html |archive-date=1 January 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> was a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] prince and the youngest surviving son of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Shah Jahan]] and Empress [[Mumtaz Mahal]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V02_437.gif |title=The Indian Empire – Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 2, p. 402. |access-date=10 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102032434/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V02_437.gif |archive-date=2 November 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was the [[Subahdar]] of [[Balkh]], until he was replaced by his elder brother [[Aurangzeb]] in the year 1647.<br />
<br />
==Family==<br />
Muhammad Murad Bakhsh was born on 9 October 1624, at the [[Rohtasgarh Fort]] in [[Bihar]], as the sixth and youngest surviving son of Emperor Shah Jahan and his wife, [[Mumtaz Mahal]].{{Citation needed|date= July 2022}} Murad's siblings included his two politically powerful sisters, the princesses [[Jahanara Begum]] and [[Roshanara Begum]], as well as the [[heir-apparent]] to his father, his eldest brother, Crown Prince [[Dara Shikoh]] and the future [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Aurangzeb]].{{Citation needed|date= July 2022}}<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
In 1638, Murad Bakhsh, at the age of fourteen years, married the [[Safavid]] princess, [[Sakina Banu Begum]], daughter of [[Mirza Badi-uz-Zaman Safavi|Shah Nawaz Khan Safavi]]. She was the younger sister of his elder sister-in-law, [[Dilras Banu Begum]], who was [[Aurangzeb|Aurangzeb's]] wife.<ref name=Hansen>{{cite book|title=The Peacock Throne: The Drama of Mogul India|last=Waldemar|first= Hansen|year=1986| publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|page=124}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Governorship==<br />
[[File:Mogul- Murad Bakhsh - Münzkabinett, Berlin - 5548598.jpg|thumb|Coin of Mirza Murad Bakhsh]]<br />
He was appointed as the [[Subadar]] of [[Multan]] (1642), of [[Balkh]] (16 February 1646 to 9 August 1646), of [[Kashmir]] (20 August 1647 to July 1648), of [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] (25 July 1648 to 14 September 1649), and [[Kabul]] (23 January 1650 to 1654), of [[Gujarat]] (March 1654), and [[Malwa]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Peshawar, Pakistan, 1980 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1p6jhvp.50 |work=Crossing the River Kabul |pages=153–155 |access-date=2023-12-24 |publisher=Potomac Books|doi=10.2307/j.ctt1p6jhvp.50 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Courtiers===<br />
{{unreferenced section|date= October 2022}}<br />
* Raja Aman Khan Bahadur – Died in 1661, Mewat<br />
* Darar Khan – Died 1673, [[Mewat]]<br />
* Muhammad Rustam Shaikh – Died 1648, Deccan.<br />
* Muhammad Allahauddin Shaikh – Died 1655. He was brother of Rustam Shaikh.<br />
* Miah Khan – Died 1653, Deccan. <br />
* Rajkumar Hariram Singh – 1622–1678(56), The Deputy of Murad Baksh from 1646 to 1651. He was second son of Raja Gaj Singh of Nagpur and the brother of Raja Amar Singh of Nagpur <br />
* [[File:Portrait of Murad Bakhsh.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Mirza Murad Bakhsh by [[Balchand]].]]Rajkumar Veer Singh – 1636–1680(44), Eldest son of Amar Singh of [[Nagpur]].<br />
<br />
==War of succession==<br />
{{See also|Mughal war of succession (1658–1659)}}<br />
<br />
On 30 November 1657, he proclaimed himself emperor at [[Ahmedabad]], after reports that his father was ill. During the same year, he received the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] ambassador [[Manzada Husain Agha]], who arrived in the port of [[Surat]] and was on his way to meet [[Shah Jahan]] in [[Agra]]. Manzar Hussain Agha mentions his disappointment regarding the wars between [[Shah Jahan]]'s sons.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uB1uAAAAMAAJ|title=Mughal-Ottoman relations: a study of political & diplomatic relations between Mughal India and the Ottoman Empire, 1556-1748|last=Farooqi|first=Naimur Rahman|date=1989-01-01|publisher=Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Murad Bakhsh joined hands with [[Aurangzeb]] to defeat [[Dara Shikhoh]], the eldest son of Shah Jahan. In fact, it was the ferocious charge led by Murad Bakhsh and his [[Sowar]]s that eventually turned the outcome of the battle in favor of Aurangzeb during the [[Battle of Samugarh]].{{citation needed|date= October 2022}}<br />
<br />
On 7 July 1658, while he was in a tent with his brother Aurangzeb, he was intoxicated, secretly sent to the prison and transferred to [[Gwalior Fort]] from January 1659.<ref>{{cite book |title=Storia Do Mogor |isbn=9781141894567}} {{full citation needed|date=November 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
He faced a trial that sentenced him to death for having murdered former [[Divan|Diwan]] clerk named Ali Naqi, in 1661. Aurangzeb then replaced Murad Bakhsh as the [[Subedar]] of [[Gujarat]], and placed Inayat Khan as the new [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] commander of [[Surat]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Flores |first1=Jorge |last2=Subrahmanyam |first2=Sanjay |date=2004 |title=The Shadow Sultan: Succession and Imposture in the Mughal Empire, 1628-1640 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25165022 |journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=80–121 |doi=10.1163/156852004323069402 |jstor=25165022 |issn=0022-4995|url-access=subscription }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Death==<br />
On 14 December 1661, after spending three years in prison, he was executed at [[Gwalior Fort]].<ref>The Rediscovery of India: A New Subcontinent – Ansar Hussain Khan</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://persian.packhum.org/persian//pf?file=80201017&ct=34 |title=Sháh-Jahán-námas – The History of India |access-date=13 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231344/http://persian.packhum.org/persian//pf?file=80201017&ct=34 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> With the last of his brothers now dead, Aurangzeb was the undisputed emperor of the [[Mughal Empire]].{{citation needed|date= October 2022}}<br />
<br />
==Ancestry==<br />
{{ahnentafel<br />
|collapsed=yes |align=center<br />
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;<br />
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;<br />
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;<br />
|1= 1. '''Murad Bakhsh'''<br />
|2= 2. [[Shah Jahan|Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Shah Jahan I, Mughal Emperor]]<ref name="Kobita">{{cite book |first=Kobita |last=Sarker |title=Shah Jahan and his paradise on earth: the story of Shah Jahan's creations in Agra and Shahjahanabad in the golden days of the Mughals |year=2007 |page=187}}</ref><br />
|3= 3. [[Mumtaz Mahal]]<ref name="Kobita"/><br />
|4= 4. [[Jahangir|Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir, Mughal Emperor]]<ref name="Mehta">{{cite book |first=J.l. |last=Mehta |title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India |year=1986 |page=418}}</ref><br />
|5= 5. [[Jagat Gosain]]<ref name="Mehta"/><br />
|6= 6. [[Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan]]<ref name="Thackeray">{{cite book |first1=Frank W. |last1=Thackeray |first2=John E. |last2=Findling |title=Events That Formed the Modern World |year=2012 |page=254}}</ref><br />
|7= 7. Diwanji Begum<ref name="Thackeray"/><br />
|8= 8. [[Akbar|Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar, Mughal Emperor]]<ref name="Mehta 1986 374">{{harvtxt|Mehta|1986|p=374}}</ref><br />
|9= 9. [[Mariam-uz-Zamani]]<ref name="Mehta 1986 374">{{harvtxt|Mehta|1986|p=374}}</ref><br />
|10= 10. [[Udai Singh of Marwar|Udai Singh]], Raja of [[Jodhpur State|Marwar]]<ref name="Mukerjee">{{cite book |first=Soma |last=Mukherjee |title=Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions |publisher=Gyan Books |year=2001 |page=128 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v-2TyjzZhZEC |isbn=978-8-121-20760-7 }}</ref><br />
|11=11. Manrang Devi of [[Gwalior]]<ref name="Mukerjee"/><br />
|12= 12. [[Mirza Ghiyas Beg|I'timad-ud-Daulah]]<ref>Subhash Parihar, ''Some Aspects of Indo-Islamic Architecture'' (1999), p. 149</ref><br />
|13= 13. [[Asmat Begam]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shujauddin|first1=Mohammad|last2=Shujauddin|first2=Razia|title=The Life and Times of Noor Jahan|date=1967|publisher=Caravan Book House|page=1|language=en}}</ref><br />
|14=14. Ghias ud-din 'Ali Asaf Khan<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ahmad|first1=Moin-ud-din|title=The Taj and Its Environments: With 8 Illus. from Photos., 1 Map, and 4 Plans|date=1924|publisher=R. G. Bansal|page=101|language=en}}</ref><br />
|15= }}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Moradabad]]<br />
* [[Shah Jahan]]<br />
* [[Mughal–Safavid War (1649–1653)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Commons category|Murad Bakhsh}}<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Murad Baksh}}<br />
[[Category:1624 births]]<br />
[[Category:1661 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Mughal princes]]<br />
[[Category:People from Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:Subahdars of Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Indian people of Iranian descent]]<br />
[[Category:Sons of emperors]]<br />
[[Category:17th-century Mughal Empire people]]<br />
[[Category:17th-century Indian Muslims]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sadashiv_Datar&diff=531673Sadashiv Datar2026-03-08T21:16:03Z<p>RobbyAyres: stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian long-distance runner}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox athlete<br />
| name = Sadashiv Datar<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| image = Indian-Olympic-Team-1920.jpg<br />
| imagesize = <br />
| caption = Indian 1920 Olympic Team, Datar seated on the left<br />
| nationality = Indian<br />
| sport = Long-distance running<br />
| event = Marathon<br />
| club = <br />
| collegeteam =<br />
| birth_date = 1885<br />
| birth_place = [[Satara (city)|Satara]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/220819/centenary-year-of-indias-olympic-games-debut.html |title=Centenary year of India's Olympic Games debut |website=Deccan Chronicle |date=22 August 2019 }}</ref> British India<br />
| residence = <br />
| death_date = unknown<br />
| death_place =<br />
| height =<br />
| weight =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sadashiv Datar''' (born 1885, date of death unknown) was an Indian [[long-distance track event|long-distance runner]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/71383 |title=Sadashir Datar |work=Olympedia |access-date=13 July 2021}}</ref> He competed in the [[Athletics at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon|marathon]] at the [[1920 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="sports-reference">{{cite web |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/da/sadashir-datar-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418105141/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/da/sadashir-datar-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |title=Sadashir Datar Olympic Results |access-date=10 October 2012 |work=sports-reference.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebridge.in/olympics/from-deccan-gymkhana-to-antwerp-indians-debut-at-the-1920-olympics-47721 |title=From Deccan Gymkhana to Antwerp; how Indians made debut at Olympics |website=The Bridge |date=19 June 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolhapur/merit-in-marathon-wrestling-medal-a-close-miss-for-indias-first-olympics-contingent-in-1920/articleshow/112258002.cms |title=Merit in marathon, wrestling medal a close miss for India's first Olympic contingent in 1920 |website=The Times of India |date=4 August 2024 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{olympics.com|sadashir-datar}}<br />
*{{World Athletics}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Datar, Sadashir}}<br />
[[Category:1885 births]]<br />
[[Category:Year of death missing]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1920 Summer Olympics]]<br />
[[Category:Indian men long-distance runners]]<br />
[[Category:Indian men marathon runners]]<br />
[[Category:Olympic athletes for India]]<br />
[[Category:Athletes from Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:People from Satara (city)]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-athletics-bio-stub}}</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raju_Uncle&diff=476043Raju Uncle2026-03-04T03:44:30Z<p>RobbyAyres: quick add citations per standard format additionally and updated info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Raju Uncle<br />
| image = rajuuncle.jpeg<br />
<br />
<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| native_name = <br />
| director = [[Haranath Chakraborty]]<br />
| producer = [[Pijush Saha]]<br />
| writer = Monotosh Chakraborty<br />
| screenplay = Monotosh Chakraborty<br />
| story = Monotosh Chakraborty<br />
| based_on = <!-- {{based on|title of the original work|writer of the original work}} --><br />
| narrator = <br />
| starring = [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]]<br />[[Sayantani Ghosh]]<br />[[Ranjit Mallick]]<br />[[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]]<br />[[Kanchan Mullick]]<br />[[Arun Banerjee]]<br />[[Anamika Saha]]<br />
| music = [[Ashok Raj]]<br />
| cinematography = <br />
| editing = Swapan Guha <br />
| studio = Prince Entertainment P4<br />
| distributor = [[Eskay Movies]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|2005|07|29|df=yes}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br />
| budget = <!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--><br />
| gross = <!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Raju Uncle''''' is a 2005 [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali action comedy film]] directed by [[Haranath Chakraborty]] and produced by Pijush Saha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raju Uncle (2018) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/raju-uncle-39306/cast-crew |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330082538/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/raju-uncle-39306/cast-crew |url-status=live |archive-date=30 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> The film features actors [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] and [[Sayantani Ghosh]] in the lead roles. Music for the film was composed by Ashok Raj.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Raju, a young teacher lives with a group of orphans at his mortgaged house. Raju is honest but poor, he always searches for a job and finally finds that of detective.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FilmiClub |title=Raju Uncle (2005) |url=https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/raju-uncle-2005-bengali-movie |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=FilmiClub |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
* [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] as Raju/ Raju Uncle<br />
* [[Sayantani Ghosh]] as Neela, Raju's love interest<br />
* [[Ranjit Mallick]] as Ranjit Mallick, Head of Detective Agency<br />
* [[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]] as Dilip Roy<br />
* [[Kanchan Mullick]] as Keshto<br />
* [[Monu Mukhopadhyay]] as Mukherjee Babu<br />
* [[Arun Banerjee]] as Suren Roy, Manager<br />
* [[Anamika Saha]] as Neelima (Neela's Step-Mother)<br />
* [[Dolon Roy]] as Mala, Keshto's love interest<br />
* [[Nimu Bhowmik]] as Autodriver, Mala's father<br />
* Nilabhra Sett as Student of J.K School (child role)<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Raju Uncle (2005) Songs<br />
!Songs<br />
!Singers<br />
|-<br />
|"Raat Name Du Chokhe"<br />
|[[Sonu Nigam]]<br />
|-<br />
|"Shopner Deshete"<br />
|Sonu Nigam<br />
|-<br />
|"Amra Sobai Raja"<br />
|[[Babul Supriyo]], Deep Mala<br />
|-<br />
|"Ektu Chena Ektu Jana"<br />
|[[Roop Kumar Rathod]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]<br />
|-<br />
|"Mon Mane Na"<br />
|[[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], Shreya Ghoshal<br />
|-<br />
|"Mar Mar Janta"<br />
|[[Amit Kumar (singer)|Amit Kumar]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.gomolo.com/raju-uncle-movie/15367 Raju Uncle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116154519/http://www.gomolo.com/raju-uncle-movie/15367 |date=16 November 2019 }} at the Gomolo<br />
<br />
{{Haranath Chakraborty}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Raju Uncle}}<br />
[[Category:2005 Bengali-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2005 films]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2005 romantic comedy-drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Haranath Chakraborty]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{2000s-Bengali-film-stub}}<br />
{{2000s-romantic-comedy-drama-film-stub}}</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalpana_(1948_film)&diff=469610Kalpana (1948 film)2026-03-03T23:11:48Z<p>RobbyAyres: quick update</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Kalpana<br />
| image = Kalpana 1948.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Poster<br />
| director = [[Uday Shankar]]<br />
| producer = <br />
| writer = <br />
| screenplay = Amritlal Nagar<br />
| story = [[Uday Shankar]]<br />
| narrator = <br />
| starring = [[Uday Shankar]]<br />[[Amala Shankar]]<br />Lakshmi Kanta<br />
| music = Vishnudas Shirali<br />
| cinematography = K. Ramnoth<br />
| editing = N. K. Gopal<br />
| studio = [[Gemini Studios]], Madras<br />
| distributor = Uday Shankar Production<br />
| released = {{Film date|1948|01|01|df=y}}<br />
| runtime = 160 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
[[File:Kalpana (1948) by Uday Shankar.webm | thumb|''Kalpana'' (1948) by Uday Shankar]]<br />
'''''Kalpana''''' ({{translation|Imagination}}) is a 1948 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[dance film]] written and directed by dancer [[Uday Shankar]]. It is his only film. The story revolves around a young dancer's dream of setting up a dance academy, a reflection of Shankar's own academy, which he founded at [[Almora]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121018080904/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/253986?view=synopsis Synopsis], [[British Film Institute]].</ref> It starred Uday Shankar and his wife Amala Shankar as leads.<br />
<br />
''Kalpana'' was the first film to present an Indian classical dancer in the leading role, and was entirely shot as a dance ballet and a fantasy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Films featuring dance|url= http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=10158|work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |date=8 April 2005}}{{dead link|date=November 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East/west musicals: Play That Back |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?231671 |date=26 June 2006|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] }}</ref><br />
<br />
It was shown at the [[International Film Festival of India]] ([[IFFI]]-Goa) (2008), as a part of the section "Treasures from NFAI" ([[National Film Archive of India]]), with other "rare gems" from the archives.<ref>{{cite web |title=NFAI brings its treasures to IFFI-Goa |url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=45038 |date=25 November 2008 |publisher=[[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]] PIB }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{Col-begin|width=60%}}<br />
{{col-break|width=50%}}<br />
* [[Uday Shankar]] as Udayan & Writer<br />
* [[Amala Shankar|Amala Uday Shankar]] as Uma<br />
* Lakshmi Kanta as Kamini<br />
* Dr. G. V. Subbarao as Drawing Master<br />
* Birendra Banerji as Noor<br />
* Swaraj Mitter Gupta as Ramesh<br />
* Anil Kumar Chopra as Madan & School Teacher <br />
* Brijo Behari Banerji as Uma's Father<br />
* Chiranjilal Shah as Gope <br />
* [[Devi Lal Samar|Devilal Samar]] as Sundar<br />
* K. Mukerjee as Grandfather {{col-break|width=50%}}<br />
* Dulal Sen as Mama<br />
* G. V. Karandikar as Producer<br />
* Nagen Dey as Mill Owner<br />
* Ganesh Banerji as Theater Manager<br />
* Syd Jalaluddin as Mukhiya<br />
* Farman Ali as Young Udayan<br />
* Begam Zamarudh as Young Uma<br />
* Yousuf Ali as Young Noor<br />
* [[Usha Kiran]] as Usha<br />
{{col-end}}<br />
<br />
==Songs==<br />
The music was composed by Vishnudas Shirali, and the lyrics were penned by Sumitranandan Pant. The Bhil folk songs were written by [[Devi Lal Samar|Devilal Samar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/kalpana_1948.htm|title=Kalpana : Lyrics and video of Songs from the Movie Kalpana (1948 film)|website=HindiGeetMala|language=en|access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!'''Song Title'''<br />
!'''Singer(s)'''<br />
!'''Lyricist'''<br />
!'''Length'''<br />
|-<br />
|"Bharat Jai Jan Bharat"<br />
|Everyone<br />
|Devilal Samar<br />
|03:48<br />
|-<br />
|"Behti Ja Behti Ja Sarite"<br />
|<br />
|[[Devi Lal Samar|Devilal Samar]]<br />
|03:21<br />
|-<br />
|"Kya Kahoon"<br />
|<br />
|Devilal Samar<br />
|02:15<br />
|-<br />
|"Bhil Folk Song"<br />
|<br />
|Devilal Samar, [[Sumitranandan Pant]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Deep Jalao"<br />
|<br />
|Devilal Samar<br />
|03:19<br />
|-<br />
|"Hindustan Ka Bal Hai Hal"<br />
|<br />
|Devilal Samar<br />
|02:55<br />
|-<br />
|"Sadiyo Ki Behoshi"<br />
|<br />
|Devilal Samar<br />
|02:57<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Notable dancers ==<br />
<br />
* [[Uday Shankar]]<br />
* [[Amala Shankar]]<br />
* Lakshmi Kanta<br />
* [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]]<br />
* [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]]<br />
* Ragini<br />
* Amobi Singh<br />
* Yoga<br />
<br />
==Comments==<br />
[[File:Kalpana, 1948 film showing Uday Shankar and Amala Shankar.gif|thumbnail|right|A still featuring Uday and Amala Shankar]]<br />
Well known Tamil actress and dancer, Lakshmikantham, credited in the film as "Lakshmi Kanta" plays Kamini. 16-year-old actress [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] and along with her sister [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Beauty, charm, charisma |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/29/stories/2006092900720100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228080232/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/29/stories/2006092900720100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 February 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=29 September 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What happened to the classical heritage in our films?|author= Subhash K Jha|author-link= Subhash K Jha|url=http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=13574584 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041012124215/http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=13574584 |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 October 2004 |date=24 September 2004 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Tamil dancer and actress Yoga of the Yoga-Mangalam sisters makes an appearance as a dancer credited as "Yogam". Small role actress P. K. Saraswathi credited as "Saraswathi" also appears as a dancer. Gopal Rao, who played a small role in [[Thyaga Bhoomi]] (1939 film), also plays a small role. Finally, [[Usha Kiran]] made her debut into films in this movie, credited as "Usha".<br />
<br />
[[Satyajit Ray]] was said to have watched this film 16 times.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heredia |first=Shai |title=Kalpana: Dreaming the Impossible Dream |url=https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/7941-kalpana-dreaming-the-impossible-dream |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=The Criterion Collection |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Restoration==<br />
In 2009, the film process of [[Digital restoration services|digital restoration]] was taken up by [[NFAI]] in collaboration with France-based Thomson Foundation.<ref>{{cite news |title=French embassy donates 230 films to NFAI|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-03/pune/28157598_1_nfai-philippe-martinet-french-embassy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811051540/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-03/pune/28157598_1_nfai-philippe-martinet-french-embassy |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 August 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]]|date=3 May 2009}}</ref> In 2010, it was being restored by the [[World Cinema Foundation]] (director [[Martin Scorsese]] is a founding member).<ref>{{cite web |title=Uday Shankar dance ballet, Kalpana to be on celluloid |url=http://movies.indiatimes.com/News-Gossip/News/Uday-Shankar-dance-ballet-Kalpana-to-be-on-celluloid/articleshow/5531590.cms |publisher=[[Indiatimes]] Movies |date=3 Feb 2010 |access-date=20 March 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714185056/http://movies.indiatimes.com/News-Gossip/News/Uday-Shankar-dance-ballet-Kalpana-to-be-on-celluloid/articleshow/5531590.cms |archive-date=14 July 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Martin Scorsese to reviving Kalpana|author= Subhash K Jha|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-04/news-interviews/28145270_1_martin-scorsese-world-cinema-foundation-classics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811051522/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-04/news-interviews/28145270_1_martin-scorsese-world-cinema-foundation-classics |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 August 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 Feb 2010}}</ref> The restored film was released in home video format by the [[The Criterion Collection|Criterion Collection]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Martin Scorsese's World Cinema Project No. 4 |url=https://www.criterion.com/boxsets/6183-martin-scorseses-world-cinema-project-no-4 |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=The Criterion Collection |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0311384}}<br />
{{Gemini Studios}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1948 films]]<br />
[[Category:1948 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1948 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian dance films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian fantasy films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Gemini Studios films]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language fantasy films]]<br />
[[Category:1948 fantasy films]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jatha_Kalise&diff=505817Jatha Kalise2026-03-03T21:53:56Z<p>RobbyAyres: stub.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Jatha Kalise<br />
| image = Jatha Kalise.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| native_name = <!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --><br />
| director = Rakesh Shashi<br />
| writer = Rakesh Shashi<br />
| screenplay = <br />
| story = <br />
| based_on = <!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --><br />
| producer = Naresh Ravoori<br />
| starring = [[Ashwin Babu]]<br />[[Tejaswi Madivada]]<br />
| narrator = <br />
| cinematography = Jagadeesh Cheekati<br />
| editing = [[Karthika Srinivas]]<br />
| music = [[Sai Karthik]]<br />
| studio = [[Vaaraahi Chalana Chitram]] <br />Oak Entertainments Pvt. Ltd<br />Yukta Creations<br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|12|25}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
''''' Jatha Kalise''''' is a 2015 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by Rakesh Shashi and starring [[Ashwin Babu]] and [[Tejaswi Madivada]]. The film's title is based on a song from ''[[Srimanthudu]]'' (2015). The film was released on 25 December 2015 to mixed reviews.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
<small>''Source''</small><ref name="I">{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/jathakalisey.html|title=Jatha Kalisey review by jeevi - Telugu cinema review - Ashwin Babu & Tejaswi Madivada|last=jeevi|website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref><br />
{{cast listing|<br />
*[[Ashwin Babu]] as Rishi<br />
*[[Tejaswi Madivada]] as Tejaswi <br />
*[[Prudhvi Raj]]<br />
*[[Shakalaka Shankar]] <br />
*[[Dhanraj (actor)|Dhanraj]]<br />
*[[Saptagiri (actor)|Saptagiri]]<br />
*[[Vidyullekha Raman]] <br />
*[[Snigdha (actress)|Snigdha]] as a driver<br />
*[[Viva Harsha]] as a hacker<br />
*[[Surya (Telugu actor)|Surya]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack==<br />
The music was composed by [[Sai Karthik]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions1/audio-jatakalise.html|title=Jata Kalise music launch|work=Idlebrain.com}}</ref><br />
*"Padipoyane"<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' wrote that "It’s a romantic comedy that takes off well. It would have been good, if the same tempo in second half is maintained".<ref name="I"/> A critic from ''[[Telugucinema.com]]'' rated the film 2.5/5 and wrote that "Watch this film if you think one line can be dragged on and on for no rhyme or reason".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.telugucinema.com/reviews/Jatha-Kalise-Movie-Review|title=Jatha Kalise - Movie Review|date=26 December 2015|website=[[Telugucinema.com]]|last=V}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb title|14558872}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2015 Telugu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2015 Indian films]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Senior_Mandrake&diff=453818Senior Mandrake2026-03-03T20:46:55Z<p>RobbyAyres: expanded citations also and improved wording to improve readability</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Senior Mandrake<br />
| image = Senior Mandrake.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| director = [[Ali Akbar (director)|Ali Akbar]]<br />
| producer = {{ubl|Mummy Century|Shameer Thukalil}}<br />
| screenplay = [[Ali Akbar (director)|Ali Akbar]]<br />
| story = [[Ali Akbar (director)|Ali Akbar]]<br />
| narrator = <br />
| starring = {{ubl|[[Jagadeesh]]|[[Jagathy Sreekumar]]|[[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana]]}}<br />
| music = Hari Venu Gopal<br />
| cinematography = Raju V. Krishna<br />
| editing = [[Ali Akbar (director)|Ali Akbar]]<br />
| studio = <br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|2010|01|29|df=yes}}<br />
| runtime = 151 min<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| language = [[Malayalam]]<br />
| budget = <!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--><br />
| gross =<!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--><br />
}}<br />
'''''Senior Mandrake''''' is a [[List of Malayalam films of 2010|2010]] Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language [[comedy-drama]] film directed by [[Ali Akbar (director)|Ali Akbar]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Director Ali Akbar selected for 8th Saraswathi Award|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movies/director-ali-akbar-selected-for-8th-saraswathi-award-1.5139998|access-date=2021-01-27|website=Mathrubhumi|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030084251/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movies/director-ali-akbar-selected-for-8th-saraswathi-award-1.5139998|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is a sequel to the 1997 film ''[[Junior Mandrake]]''. [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Jagadish]] and [[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana]] plays the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Palicha|first=Paresh C.|title=Review: Avoid Senior Mandrake|url=http://movies.rediff.com/review/2010/feb/01/south-review-senior-mandrake.htm|access-date=2021-01-27|website=Rediff}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/review/11727.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206131430/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/review/11727.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 February 2010|title = Malayalam Cinema News &#124; Malayalam Movie Reviews &#124; Malayalam Movie Trailers - IndiaGlitz Malayalam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/senior-mandrake-review-malayalam-pclx1ffcehgfj.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325055357/http://www.sify.com/movies/senior-mandrake-review-malayalam-pclx1ffcehgfj.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 March 2018|title=Senior Mandrake|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=3 February 2021}}</ref> The film bombed at the box office.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Kuttan has become enviably rich, and has disposed of the ill-fated statue, but soon it finds its way back to the money lender's doorstep. Without any further delay, the world starts crumbling around him, and he frantically scurries around to hand it over to some unfortunate soul.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Omanakuttan<br />
* [[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana]] as Vandana<br />
* [[Jagadish]] as Pradeep<br />
* [[Kalabhavan Navas]] as Sandeep<br />
* [[Suraj Venjaramood]] as S.I. kidukkan<br />
* [[Mamukkoya]]<br />
* [[Salim Kumar]]<br />
* [[Bijukuttan]]<br />
* [[Kochu Preman]]<br />
* [[Bindu Panicker]]<br />
* [[Indrans]] as Gopalan<br />
* Sidharaj as Senior Mandrake<br />
* [[Mala Aravindan]] as Maniyan Vaidyan<br />
* [[Kanakalatha]]<br />
* Appa Haja<br />
* Jaffar Idukki<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
The film received highly negative reviews criticizing direction, art direction, location, camera, lighting, background, effects, graphics, editing and very poor level of making. Rediff.com rated the film 1 out of 5 stars and wrote "Avoid Senior Mandrake" <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-senior-mandrake/20100201.htm | title=Review: Avoid Senior Mandrake }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb title|12828580}}<br />
* https://web.archive.org/web/20101204055501/http://popcorn.oneindia.in/title/7229/senior-mandrake.html<br />
<br />
[[Category:2010 films]]<br />
[[Category:2010 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]<br />
[[Category:Malayalam films in series|Mandrake2]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{2010s-Malayalam-film-stub}}</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baddam_Yella_Reddy&diff=474030Baddam Yella Reddy2026-03-03T20:01:40Z<p>RobbyAyres: update intro additionally and updated info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian communist politician from Telangana (1906–1979)}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}<br />
'''Baddam Yella Reddy''' ({{langx|te|బద్దం ఎల్లారెడ్డి}}, 1906 in Galipalli village<ref name="hin">''[[The Hindu]]''. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20071114074253/http://www.hindu.com/2006/06/06/stories/2006060612550300.htm `Projects will change face of Karimnagar']''</ref><ref>''New Age''. ''[http://www.newageweekly.com/2011/03/cpi-padayatra-in-karimnagar.html CPI Padayatra in Karimnagar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110404092801/http://www.newageweekly.com/2011/03/cpi-padayatra-in-karimnagar.html |date=4 April 2011 }}''</ref> – 1979<ref>Indian Institute of Applied Political Research. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5s4kAQAAIAAJ The Annual Register of Indian Political Parties]'', Volume 1991, Edition 2. New Delhi: Michiko & Panjathan [etc.], 1979. p. 500</ref>) was an Indian communist politician from [[Telangana]]. He was one of the prominent leaders in the [[Telangana Rebellion|Telangana armed struggle]] against the [[Nizam]] regime.<br />
<br />
==Early activism==<br />
Yella Reddy became influenced by the socialist ideas of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].<ref>Narotham Reddy, K. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=cdlHAAAAMAAJ Freedom Struggle in Erstwhile Nizam State: With Special Reference to Karimnagar District, 1920-1948 A.D.]'' Hyderabad, A.P., India. p. 172</ref> He belonged to the more militant sector in the [[Andhra Maha Sabha]], that deplored the non-confrontational policies of the leadership of the organization. This tendency became increasingly attracted to communism in the late 1930s.<ref name="r1"/> Yella Reddy took part in the 1938 [[satyagrah]].<ref>V.V. Giri National Labour Institute. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=0uxFAAAAYAAJ Agrarian Structure, Movements & Peasant Organisations in India]''. Noida, Uttar Pradesh: V.V. Giri National Labour Institute, 2004. p. 118</ref> under the leadership of Ravi Narayana Reddy. He was amongst those jailed during the protest campaign.<ref>Innaiah, N. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WMtAAAAAMAAJ Politics for Power: The Role of Caste and Factions in Andhra Pradesh, 1880-1980]''. Hyderabad [India] (1-1-180/15, Chaminar X-Roads, Hyderabad-500020): Scientific Services, 1981. p. 74</ref> In 1939 the [[Communist Party of India]] established its organization in the Hyderabad State, Baddam Yella Reddy worked closely with [[D.V. Rao]] and [[Ravi Narayana Reddy]] in building grassroots networks of the party in the region.<ref name="r1">Ramakrishna Reddy, V. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=f0mh6W7ejL4C&pg=PA709 Economic History of Hyderabad State: Warangal Suba, 1911-1950]''. Delhi: Gian Pub. House, 1987. p. 709</ref><ref>''New Age''. ''[http://www.newageweekly.com/2010/10/remembering-ravi-narayana-reddy-by.html Remembering Ravi Narayana Reddy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325223154/http://www.newageweekly.com/2010/10/remembering-ravi-narayana-reddy-by.html |date=25 March 2012 }}''</ref><br />
<br />
==Andhra Maha Sabha and the Telangana rebellion==<br />
From 1941 Yella Reddy's communist group came to dominate the Andhra Maha Sabha.<ref>Ramakrishna Reddy, V. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=f0mh6W7ejL4C&pg=PA73 Economic History of Hyderabad State: Warangal Suba, 1911-1950]''. Delhi: Gian Pub. House, 1987. p. 73</ref> Yella Reddy became the general secretary of the Andhra Maha Sabha.<ref>Ramakrishna Reddy, V. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=f0mh6W7ejL4C&pg=PA452 Economic History of Hyderabad State: Warangal Suba, 1911-1950]''. Delhi: Gian Pub. House, 1987. p. 452</ref> Under Yella Reddy's leadership the Andhra Maha Sabha moved from being a liberal organization into a militant anti-[[Nizam]] [[united front]].<ref>Sundarayya, P. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=TPjIh1G0TmcC&pg=PA12 Telangana People's Struggle and Its Lessons]''. New Delhi: Published by Foundation Books, on behalf of the Sundarayya Vignana Kendram, 2006. p. 12</ref><br />
<br />
Yella Reddy was one of the key leaders of the Telangana armed struggle.<ref name="hin"/><ref name="h3"/> As the Nizam declared Hyderabad as an independent state in September 1947 Baddam Yella Reddy was one of the signatories of a joint declaration of the Communist Party, Andhra Maha Sabha and the [[All Hyderabad Trade Union Congress]] calling for armed struggle against the Nizam's rule and for the [[integration of Hyderabad]] to India (Yella Reddy signed on behalf of the Andhra Maha Sabha).<ref>''Mainstream Weekly''. ''[http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article2341.html Relevance of the Telangana Armed Struggle]''</ref><ref>''New Age''. ''[http://www.newageweekly.com/2010/09/telangana-in-mess-confusion-deepens-by.html Telangana in Mess, Confusion deepens] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912091443/http://www.newageweekly.com/2010/09/telangana-in-mess-confusion-deepens-by.html |date=12 September 2011 }}''</ref> The Telangana rebellion was one of the largest armed peasant uprisings in modern India, which lasted until 1951.<ref>Gupta, Akhil. ''[http://cssaame.dukejournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/4/1/1 REVOLUTION IN {{sic|TELENGANA|nolink=y}} 1946-1951]'', in ''[[Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East]]'' 1984 4(1):1-26; {{doi|10.1215/07323867-4-1-1}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Parliamentarian==<br />
Yella Reddy also served as secretary of the Telangana Provincial Committee of the [[Communist Party of India]] and was a member of the secretariat of the Vishalandhra Provincial Committee of the CPI. In the first parliamentary elections in independent India Yella Reddy was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] in 1951 from [[Karimnagar]] as a [[People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad)|People's Democratic Front]] candidate,<ref name="hin"/><ref name="ov"/><ref>[[Election Commission of India]]. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF KEY HIGHLIGHTS OF GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1951 TO THE FIRST LOK SABHA]''</ref> defeating the [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[P.V. Narasimha Rao]] (who later became the [[Prime Minister of India]]).<ref>Aggarwala, Adish C. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=CfxtAAAAMAAJ P.V. Narasimha Rao, Scholar Prime Minister]''. New Delhi: Amish Publications, 1995. p. 53</ref> In 1956 he became a [[Central Committee]] member of CPI.<ref name="ov">Overstreet, Gene D., and Marshall Windmiller. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=PAFBW743Bi4C&pg=PA572 Communism in India]''. Berkeley, Calif. [u.a.]: Univ. of California Press, 1959. p. 572</ref> In 1958 he won a by-election to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in the Buggaram constituency.<ref name="h3">''[[The Hindu]]''. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20071014051813/http://hindu.com/2006/05/09/stories/2006050915570300.htm Memorial sought for martyrs of Telangana armed struggle]''</ref><br />
<br />
As CPI went through [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India|a major split in 1964]], Baddam Yella Reddy joined the dissident [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]. He was the sole prominent CPI leader in Karimnagar district to do so. However, he only stayed in the CPI(M) for three months before returning to CPI.<ref>K. Balagopal and M. Kodandarama Reddy. ''[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4371592 Forever 'Disturbed': Peasant Struggle of Sircilla-Vemulawada]'', in ''Economic and Political Weekly'', Vol. 17, No. 48 (27 November 1982), pp. 1897-1901</ref><br />
<br />
In 1972 he won the Indurthi seat in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election.<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/SE_1972/Statittical_Report_Andhra_Pradesh_1972.pdf General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh]''</ref><br />
<br />
==Memorials==<br />
In 2006, in connection with Yella Reddy's birth centenary celebrations the Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister [[Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy]] inaugurated a bronze statue of Yella Reddy in Karimnagar. At the ceremony the Chief Minister also vowed to realize the provision of additional ayacut through the completion of irrigation projects in the Karimnagar district, a longstanding dream of Yella Reddy.<ref name="hin"/><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, Baddam Yella}}<br />
[[Category:1906 births]]<br />
[[Category:1979 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1952–1957]]<br />
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Hyderabad State]]<br />
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1955–1962]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Avihitham&diff=488444Avihitham2026-03-03T09:35:50Z<p>RobbyAyres: started new article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2025 Indian-Malayalam language film}}<br />
{{Unreliable sources|date=October 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Avihitham<br />
| image = Avihitham Film.jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| director = [[Senna Hegde]]<br />
| writer = {{ubl|Ambareesh Kalathera|Senna Hegde}}<br />
| story = Ambareesh Kalathera<br />
| producer = {{ubl|Mukesh R. Mehta|Harris Desom|P. B. Anish|C. V. Sarathi|Senna Hegde}}<br />
| starring = {{ubl|Unni Raj|Renji Kankol|Vrinda Menon}}<br />
| cinematography = {{ubl|Sreeraj Raveendran|Ramesh Mathews}}<br />
| editing = Sanath Sivaraj<br />
| music = Sreerag Saji<br />
| studio = {{ubl|E4 Experiments|Imagin Cinemas|Marley State of Mind}}<br />
| distributor = {{ubl|E4 Experiments ([[Kerala]])|AP International (Rest of India)|Home Screen Entertainment ([[Gulf Cooperation Council|GCC]])}}<br />
| released = {{Film date|2025|10|09|GCC|2025|10|10|India}}<br />
| runtime = 106 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Malayalam<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--><br />
}}<br />
'''''Avihitham''''' ({{Translation|Illicit}}) is a 2025 [[Malayalam]]-language [[black comedy]]-[[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film directed by [[Senna Hegde]], who co-wrote the screenplay with Ambareesh Kalathera. The film has an [[ensemble cast]] including Unni Raj, Renji Kankol, Vineeth Chakyar, Dhanesh Koliyat, Rakesh Ushar and Vrinda Menon. It is produced by E4 Experiments in association with Imagin Cinemas and Marley State of Mind. Sreeraj Raveendran and Ramesh Mathews handle the cinematography and Sanath Sivaraj edits the film. Sreerag Saji composes the songs and background score.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 18, 2025 |title=Senna Hegde's next film titled Avihitham |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2025/Aug/18/malayalamnews2025aug17senna-hegdes-next-film-titled-avihitham |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 18, 2025 |title='Avihitham': Filmmaker Senna Hegde announces his next |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/senna-hegde-new-movie-avihitham-set-in-kanhangad-kasaragod-malayalam-movie/article69946642.ece |access-date=2025-10-08 |work=[[The Hindu]] |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
''Avihitham'' released theatrically on 9 October 2025 in [[Gulf Cooperation Council|GCC]]<ref name="gcc">{{Cite Instagram |postid=DPjOqTFE59i |user=homescreenentertainment |title=Avihitham has cleared Gulf censor and will hit your favourite theatres on October 9 |date=October 8, 2025 |access-date=2025-10-08}}</ref> and on 10 October 2025 in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 1, 2025 |title=Senna Hegde's Avihitham gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Oct/01/senna-hegdes-avihitham-gets-release-date |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
One night, while returning home after drinking with friends, Prakashan comes across a young man named Vinod and a young woman behind the house of Madhavan, a carpenter working on a temple project in another village. The duo seems like a couple in love. Prakashan shares this matter with Venu, a tailor. The next night, Venu also witnesses the couple embracing. They think the young woman is Nirmala, Madhavan's daughter-in-law. They discussed among themselves the next steps and decided to tell Madhavan's younger son Murali. Madhavan's son informs Madhavan , who asks them to verify the news. They follow Nirmala and see her talking to Vinod, and jump to the conclusion that she was indeed having an affair with Vinod.Madhavan informs Mukkundan,Nirmala's husband, who is devastated. He leaves for home disturbed.<br />
<br />
What happens next is a comedy of errors that leads to a surprising revelation in the end.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
*[[Unni Raj]] as Venu<br />
*[[Renji Kankol]] as Prakashan<br />
*[[Vineeth Vasudevan]] as Vinod<br />
*[[Dhanesh Koliyat]] as Murali<br />
*[[Rakesh Ushar]] as Mukundan <br />
*[[Vrinda Menon]] as Nirmala<br />
*[[Ajith Punnad]] as Nidish <br />
*[[Unnikrishnan Parappa]] as Madhavan<br />
*[[Aneesh Chemmarathi]] as Mahesh<br />
*[[T. Gopinathan]] as Kumaran<br />
*[[Vijisha Nileshwar]] as Geetha<br />
*[[Ammini Chandralayam]] as Sarojini Amma<br />
*[[Parvana Raj]] as Meenu<br />
*[[Beena Kodakkad]] as Savithri Amma<br />
*[[Vismaya Sasikumar]] as Shalini<br />
*[[Premalatha]] as Yamuna<br />
*[[Shyamili Das]] as Rama<br />
*[[Vipin K.]] as Dineshan<br />
*[[Swapna Pallam]] as Radha<br />
*[[Mukesh OMR]] as Babu<br />
*[[Sayanth]] as Radha's Son<br />
*[[Karthika Vijayakumar]] as Nisha<br />
*[[Prabhakaran Velaswaram]] as Contractor Raghavan<br />
*[[Shubha C P]] as Constable Suma <br />
*[[Lakshmanan Manniath]] as Member Damu<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Avihitham<br />
| artist = Sreerag Saji<br />
| cover = <br />
| alt =<br />
| caption = <br />
| released = 2025<br />
| recorded = <br />
| venue =<br />
| studio = {{ubl|Pop Media House, [[Ernakulam]]|VTP Studios, Ernakulam}}<br />
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = {{Duration|07:32}}<br />
| language = [[Malayalam]]<br />
| label = E4 Entertainment<br />
|type=soundtrack<br />
}}<br />
The soundtrack album of the film is composed by Sreerag Saji. The first single ''Ayyaye'' was released on 6 October 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 7, 2025 |title='അയ്യയ്യേ നിർമ്മലേ...' ചിരിപ്പിച്ച് 'അവിഹിത'ത്തിലെ ആദ്യഗാനം എത്തി |url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/videos/ayyaye-song-avihitham-senna-hegde-10537833 |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=ml}}</ref><br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = <br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = 07:32<br />
| title1 = Ayyaye<br />
| extra1 = Zia Ul Haq, Sreerag Saji<br />
| lyrics1 = Titto P. Thankachen<br />
| length1 = 03:57<br />
| title2 = Vallatha Narakangal<br />
| extra2 = Harikrishnan U.<br />
| lyrics2 = Titto P. Thankachen<br />
| length2 = 00:56<br />
| title3 = Aaro Paranjarinja<br />
| extra3 = Mariya Johny<br />
| lyrics3 = Harikrishnan U.<br />
| length3 = 02:39<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Release==<br />
===Theatrical===<br />
The title poster of the film was released on 17 August 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 18, 2025 |title='പദ്മിനി'ക്ക് ശേഷം പുതിയ ചിത്രവുമായി സെന്ന ഹെഗ്ഡെ; 'അവിഹിതം' ടൈറ്റിൽ പോസ്റ്റർ |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment/senna-hegde-new-movie-avihitham-title-poster-articleshow-3uckd1y |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ml}}</ref> The teaser of the film was released on 6 September 2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 20, 2025 |title=With 'Avihitham', Filmmaker Senna Hegde Returns to Kanhangad |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/with-avihitham-starring-unni-raja-filmmaker-senna-hegde-returns-to-kanhangadu |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> and the trailer was released on 25 September 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 25, 2025 |title=Senna Hegde's next directorial Avihitham gets a release window, trailer out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Sep/25/senna-hegdes-next-directorial-avihitham-gets-a-release-window-trailer-out |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Krishna |first=Gayathri |date=September 25, 2025 |title=Avihitham trailer: Senna Hegde is all set for another bold dark comedy set in Kasaragod |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/avihitham-trailer-senna-hegde-is-all-set-for-another-bold-thought-provoking-drama-set-in-kasaragod/3762929d49913 |access-date=October 8, 2025 |website=[[HT Media#Digital businesses|OTTPlay]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
''Avihitham'' released theatrically on 9 October 2025 by Home Screen Extertainment in [[Gulf Cooperation Council|GCC]]<ref name="gcc" /> and on 10 October 2025 by E4 Experiments in Kerala and by AP International in the rest of India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=P. |first=Divya |date=October 1, 2025 |title=Avihitham release date: Here's when to watch noted director Senna Hegde film in theatres |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/avihitham-release-date-heres-when-to-watch-senna-hegde-film-in-theatres/44e347bf0b478 |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=[[HT Media#Digital businesses|OTTPlay]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1974102316652662941 |user=APIfilms |title=Avihitham to audiences across India (excluding Kerala), releasing this October 10. |date=October 3, 2025 |access-date=October 8, 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Home Media===<br />
The digital rights of the film is acquired by [[JioHotstar]] and started streaming from 14 November 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2025|title=Avihitham OTT release date announced|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Nov/07/avihitham-ott-release-date-announced |access-date=11 November 2025 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
===Critical reception===<br />
S. R. Praveen of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote a positive review, "In ''Avihitham'', which does not have any big star and is propelled by the strength of its narrative, Hegde returns to his roots and sort of rediscovers his 'indie' mojo."<ref>{{cite news |last=Praveen |first=S. R. |date=10 October 2025 |title='Avihitham' movie review: Senna Hegde’s indie rediscovery indicts prying eyes |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/avihitham-movie-review-senna-hegdes-indie-rediscovery-indicts-prying-eyes/article70147806.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
Anandu Suresh of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 4/5 stars and wrote, "Intriguingly, the film even shifts into an edge-of-the-seat suspense drama at one point. Yet, director Senna Hegde ensures that the soul and core of ''Avihitham'' are never lost in the process."<ref>{{cite news |last=Suresh |first=Anandu |date=11 October 2025 |title=Avihitham movie review: A smartly written, brilliantly conceived black comedy |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/avihitham-movie-review-a-smartly-written-brilliantly-conceived-black-comedy-10299493/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=6 November 2025}}{{Rating|4|5}}</ref><br />
<br />
Vivek Santhosh of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "In the end, ''Avihitham'' is a modest yet engaging satire that observes more than it surprises. It may lack the sparkle of ''[[Thinkalazhcha Nishchayam]]'' and tread familiar ground in its critique of male morality, but Senna’s control over tone and character keeps it steady and effective. With its dry humour and quiet irony, the film holds a mirror to small-town self-righteousness, showing how easily gossip turns into judgement in the hands of those least fit to make it."<ref>{{cite news |last=Santhosh |first=Vivek |date=11 October 2025 |title=Avihitham Movie Review: A smart, steady satire that observes more than it innovates |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2025/Oct/11/malayalamreview2025oct10avihitham-movie-review-a-smart-steady-satire-that-observes-more-than-it-innovates |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=6 November 2025}}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref><br />
<br />
Anjana George of ''[[The Times of India]]'' described the film as "a quirky, rustic comedy about voyeurism and secrets" and rated the film 3/5 stars. She wrote, "''Avihitham'' is, at its core, a delightful peek into small-town voyeurism and moral theatre, a comedy of errors where curiosity becomes community entertainment. It’s rustic, witty, and brimming with unpolished charm."<ref>{{cite news |last=George |first=Anjana |date=10 October 2025 |title=Avihitham Movie Review: A Quirky, Rustic Comedy About Voyeurism and Secrets |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/avihitham/movie-review/124451488.cms |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=6 November 2025}}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gayathri Krishna of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 stars and wrote, "Senna Hegde's film is much more than just a story about an extramarital affair. Our patriarchal society, which still adheres to gender stereotypes, is closely examined but satirised."<ref>{{cite news |last=Krishna |first=Gayathri |date=12 October 2025 |title=Avihitham Review: Senna Hegde's film amusingly looks into prying eyes that are not limited to Kanhangad |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/avihitham-review-senna-hegde-film-unni-raj-renji-kankol-vineeth-chakyar/23be5c453c817 |work=[[OTTPlay]] |access-date=6 November 2025}}{{Rating|3.5|5}}</ref><br />
<br />
Swathi P. Ajith of ''[[Onmanorama]]'' wrote a positive review, "''Avihitham'' is a sharp, deceptively simple take on voyeurism and morality—a mirror held up to our collective hypocrisy, wrapped in pitch-perfect humour. Cleverly written, superbly acted, and endlessly entertaining, this is one film that absolutely deserves to be seen on the big screen."<ref>{{cite web |author=Swathi P. Ajith |date=10 October 2025 |title=‘Avihitham’ review: Senna Hegde turns gossip and voyeurism into pure gold |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2025/10/10/avihitham-movie-review-senna-hegde-malayalam-film.html |website=[[Onmanorama]] |access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sajin Shrijith of ''[[The Week (magazine)|The Week]]'' rated the film 4.5/5 stars and wrote, "''Avihitham'' reminds us that some films are ill fit for big stars and that no matter how unfamiliar these actors may feel to us, if they can momentarily take us back to that time when we saw [[Priyadarshan]]'s ''[[Mukunthetta Sumitra Vilikkunnu]]'' or [[Sreenivasan]]'s ''[[Vadakkunokkiyanthram]]'' for the first time, when we were kids and yet to familiarize ourselves with not just Mohanlal or Sreenivasan, but also the immensely gifted legendary comedians who acted alongside in supporting roles, I think their mission is successful. If you, like me, hail from Kerala's Malabar region, you're most likely going to get more fun out of this than the others.<ref>{{cite news |last=Shrijith |first=Sajin |date=10 October 2025 |title='Avihitham' review: Funniest Malayalam film of the year so far |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2025/10/10/avihitham-review-funniest-malayalam-film-of-the-year-so-far.html |work=[[The Week (magazine)|The Week]] |access-date=6 November 2025}}{{Rating|4.5|5}}</ref><br />
<br />
Vishal Menon of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter|The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' described the film as "several LOL moments" and wrote, "Everything fits into place in ''Avihitham'' as it speaks about feminism and the dangers of moral policing without even trying to take a moral high ground. It is what it is, and it's not too surprising to notice how we, too, become part of these men, curious to find out who this woman could be."<ref>{{cite news |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=22 October 2025 |title='Avihitham' Movie Review: Adultery Has Never Been This Funny |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/avihitham-starring-vineeth-vasudevan-movie-review-adultery-has-never-been-this-funny |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter|The Hollywood Reporter India]]|access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|38202962}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2025 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2025 black comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian black comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Kasaragod]]<br />
[[Category:2025 comedy-drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Varmam_(film)&diff=543663Varmam (film)2026-03-03T03:04:40Z<p>RobbyAyres: stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Varmam<br />
| image =<br />
<br />
| caption =<br />
| director = A. S. Lawrence Madhavan<br />
| producer = S. Hanifa<br>S. Arunachalakumar<br />
| writer = A. S. Lawrence Madhavan<br />
| starring = Akilan<br>Anaka<br />
| music = Meeralal<br />
| cinematography = W. Paul Gragory<br />
| editing = J. Jaishankar<br />
| distributor =<br />
| studio = Crescent Creations<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2011|02|11}}<br />
| runtime = 115 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Varmam''''' is a 2011 Indian [[Tamil language]] [[vigilante film]] directed by A. S. Lawrence Madhavan. The film stars Akilan and Anaka, with Mohan Kumar, Neelakandan, Bhuvana, [[Soori (actor)|Soori]], [[Nizhalgal Ravi]], [[Bala Singh]] and [[Meera Krishnan]] playing supporting roles. The film had musical score by Meeralal and was released on 11 February 2011.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
The film begins with a person dressed as a transgender killing a pimp in the middle of the night. A beauty parlour owner is then killed in her parlour. In the meantime, Vidya (Anaka) falls in love with the hardware engineer Siva (Akilan). One day, the textile shop owner Kishore peeps at Siva's neighbour in the change room of his shop, he then blackmails her and forces her to come at his home the same night. That night, Siva saves her and kills the shop owner. The police find out that the killer is Siva and Siva is now on the run. The police find Siva's parents in a remote village and they tell them everything.<br />
<br />
In the past, Siva lived happily with his parents and his sister Nandhini. For her studies, Nandhini left her village and stayed in a hostel in the city. Her roommate and her boyfriend Kishore found Nandhini attractive and sold her to the pimp Swamy ([[Bala Singh]]). Siva came to the hostel with gifts to celebrate her birthday, but he was disappointed that Nandhini wasn't there and left the place. Meanwhile, Nandhini was raped multiple times by various customers and Swamy decided to sell her to a politician. That night, in a car, Nandhini escaped from there half-naked and the customer was killed. Siva who was on the bus noticed her and Swamy and the car driver followed her but she ended up impaled on spikes. A heartbroken Siva incinerated her body that night. A vengeful Siva then killed the car driver (the pimp), her roommate (beauty parlour owner) and Kishore.<br />
<br />
Siva's next target is none other than Swamy who is now a corrupt politician. The police arrest Swamy for pimping but he is soon released by the court. Siva then kidnaps Swamy and takes him at the place where his sister was cremated. The film ends with Siva killing Swamy.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
*Akilan as Siva<br />
*Anaka as Vidya<br />
*Mohan Kumar<br />
*Neelakandan<br />
*Bhuvana as Nandhini<br />
*[[Soori (actor)|Soori]] as Guna<br />
*[[Nizhalgal Ravi]] as Chidambaram, Siva's father<br />
*[[Bala Singh]] as Swamy<br />
*[[Meera Krishnan]] as Siva's mother<br />
*[[Neelu]]<br />
*Hema<br />
*Lalitha Paatti<br />
*[[Crane Manohar]] as Muniswamy<br />
*[[Scissor Manohar]] as Auto rickshaw driver<br />
*[[Muthukaalai]] as Deliveryman<br />
*C. Ganesan<br />
*Kumarbala<br />
*Mullai<br />
*Cheyyar Selvadurai<br />
*R. Umadevi<br />
*Dhyana as Journalist<br />
*Telephone Raj as Asari<br />
*Risha in a special appearance<br />
{{colend}}<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
A. S. Lawrence Madhavan made his directorial debut with ''Varmam'' under the banner of Crescent Creations. Akilan was selected to play the hero while a model from Kerala Anaka played his love interest. The film had in the supporting cast [[Nizhalgal Ravi]], [[Bala Singh]], [[Meera Krishnan]] and [[Soori (actor)|Soori]]. Meeralal composed the music, J. Jaishankar took care of editing and the cinematography was by W. Paul Gragory.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/2010/aug/27/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-232362.html|title=வர்மம்|access-date=16 December 2020|language=Tamil|trans-title=Varmam|publisher=[[Dinamani]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/2591/cinema/Kollywood/Varmam-movie-preview.htm|title=நாயகி பற்றிய மர்மம்தான் வர்மம்!|date=6 September 2010|access-date=16 December 2020|language=Tamil|trans-title=Varmam movie preview|publisher=[[Dinamalar]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tamilnow.com/magazine/varmam-a-suspense-thriller-462.html|title=Varmam: A Suspense Thriller |access-date=16 December 2020|publisher=tamilnow.now}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{{Infobox album|<br />
| name = Varmam<br />
| type = [[soundtrack]]<br />
| artist = Meeralal<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = 2010<br />
| recorded = 2010<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 17:26<br />
| label =<br />
| producer = Meeralal<br />
| prev_title =<br />
| prev_year =<br />
| next_title =<br />
| next_year =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The soundtrack was composed by Meeralal. The soundtrack, released in 2010, features 4 tracks.<br />
<br />
{{track listing|<br />
|extra_column=Singer(s)<br />
|headline=Tracklist<br />
|total_length=17:26<br />
|all_lyrics=Kavimukil<br />
|title1=Excuse Me Da|length1=4:33<br />
|title2=Thathom Thadikinathom|length2=3:38<br />
|title3=Anbe Engal|length3=5:04<br />
|title4=Kichchu Thambulam|length4=4:11<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Release==<br />
The film was released on 2 February 2011 alongside four other films.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}<br />
<br />
[[Kungumam (magazine)|Kungumam]] praised the performance of Akilan.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://kungumam.co.in/VArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=171&id1=45&issue=20110214|title=வர்மம்|date=14 February 2011|accessdate=16 December 2020|language=Tamil|trans-title=Varmam|publisher=[[Kungumam (magazine)|Kungumam]]}}</ref> [[Dinamalar]] gave the film a mixed review.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/516/varmam/|title=வர்மம்&nbsp;- விமர்சனம்|date=6 September 2010|access-date=16 December 2020|language=Tamil|trans-title=Varmam&nbsp;- Review|publisher=Dinamalar}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2011 films]]<br />
[[Category:2011 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2011 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian vigilante films]]<br />
[[Category:2010s vigilante films]]<br />
[[Category:2011 directorial debut films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Welcome_2_Karachi&diff=457547Welcome 2 Karachi2026-03-02T10:05:12Z<p>RobbyAyres: basic rework citations per sources further and added references for consistency</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Welcome 2 Karachi<br />
| image = Welcome to Karachi.jpeg<br />
| caption = Theatrical Release Poster<br />
| director = [[Ashish R Mohan]]<br />
| producer = [[Vashu Bhagnani]]<br />
| writer = [[Vrajesh Hirjee]]<br />
| screenplay = {{plainlist|<br />
* Kushal Bakshi<br />
* [[Ashish R Mohan]]<br />
}}<br />
| story = <br />
| editing = [[Steven H Bernard]]<br />
| starring = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Arshad Warsi]]<br />
* [[Jackky Bhagnani]]<br />
* [[Lauren Gottlieb]]<br />
* [[Adnan Shah Tipu]]<br />
* Ali Hyder<br />
}}<br />
| music = {{plainlist|<br />
* '''Songs:'''<br />
* [[Rochak Kohli]]<br />
* [[Jeet Gannguli]]<br />
* Amjad Nadeem<br />
* '''Background Score:'''<br />
* [[Rochak Kohli]]<br />
}}<br />
| cinematography = Mark Nutkins<br />
| studio = [[Pooja Entertainment]]<br />
| distributor = [[AA Films]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|2015|05|28|df=y}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| runtime = 131 minutes<br />
}}<br />
'''''Welcome 2 Karachi''''' is a 2015 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[black comedy film]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/welcome-2-karachi-film|title=WELCOME 2 KARACHI|publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|access-date=16 July 2019|archive-date=16 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716151237/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/welcome-2-karachi-film|url-status=dead}}</ref> directed by [[Ashish R Mohan]] and produced by [[Vashu Bhagnani]]. The film stars [[Arshad Warsi]]<ref>[http://arynews.tv/en/Mir-Amiruddin-Mir-Zada -welcome-to-karachi/ Mir-Amiruddin-Mir-Zada, Welcome to Karachi]{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ARY News. 29 October 2014.</ref> and [[Jackky Bhagnani]] as pivotal leads. Music directors [[Jeet Ganguly]] and [[Rochak Kohli]] composed music for this film. The film was released on 28 May 2015.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141115174659/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/7511 Check out: Jackky Bhagnani and Arshad Warsi in Welcome to Karachi | Latest Movie Features]. Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 10 July 2015.</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
The story kicks off with two dumb and dumber friends, Captain Shammi Thakur, a courtmartialed navy officer and Kedar Patel, a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] who has been denied a U.S. visa multiple times. Both plan to sail to the [[United States]] using a boat but, with a twist of fate, end up on the beach of [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]]. On realizing the truth they both try to escape, while being chased by an [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI Agent]]. Both get kidnapped by a local don Azher Baluch, who demands ransom from Kedar's father and later releases them in a pathan colony to collect fake passports. But Shami, messes up with a bunch of pathans over an India-Pakistan match. In the struggle to escape from pathans both meet a [[Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan|Taliban]]i militant, who takes them to a Taliban camp where they are misunderstood as Talibani militants.<br />
<br />
A few days later, Shami and Kedar plans to escape the camp by stealing camp leader's mobile phone, which was actually a [[detonator]] of a bomb designed by Taliban to attack [[NATO]] army. In attempt to dial a number Shami unknowingly triggers the bomb destroying the Talibani camp itself. Attracted by the explosions, a [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drone]] arrives and the two are arrested by American Army. After knowing their situation both are released. They go to Azher Baluch, the only person they know in Pakistan. Baluch makes a deal with ruling minister that in return for an election ticket he will hand over the two guys to him. The minister wants to take the credit of attack on Taliban by announcing both Shami and Kedar as Pakistani soldiers.<br />
<br />
Soon the two are declared as national heroes by Pakistani media while the Indian media claims them as Indians stuck in Pakistan. Caught in this tug of war Shami and Kedar are once again kidnapped by American army, who promises to deport them to India if they could give the credit of Talibani camp attack to American Army in media. They agree and are sent to Karachi Airport to finally catch a flight back to India. While waiting for their flight, Shami notices a Talibani militant disguised as an airlines pilot. Seeing a possibility of a terror attack they both decide to rescue, being backed by Pakistani army. During crossfire Shami and Kedar manage to overpower the militant and take off with the plane, finally able to depart from Pakistan. The movie ends with both sitting in the cockpit only to find a strange voice behind them (possibly another militant) suggesting them to take a left turn.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
*[[Arshad Warsi]] as Captain Shammi Thakur<br />
*[[Jackky Bhagnani]] as Kedar Patel <br />
*[[Lauren Gottlieb]] as ISI Agent Shazia Ansari, also as lead belly dancer in the song "Shakira"<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=T-Series - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/user/tseries/search?query=Shakira|access-date=2020-08-01|website=www.youtube.com|archive-date=12 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012043249/https://www.youtube.com/user/tseries/search?query=Shakira|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
**[[Priya Raina]] as the voice of ISI Agent Shazia Ansari<br />
*[[Imran Hasnee]] as ISI Agent<br />
*[[Kubra Khan]] as ISI agent Asma<br />
*[[Ayub Khoso]] as Taliban leader Agha Jaan<br />
*[[Adnan Shah]] as Azhar Baloch<br />
*[[Dalip Tahil]] as Mitesh Patel, Kedar's father<br />
*Raj Das as Raja<br />
*[[Pavan Malhotra]] as Pathan<br />
*Kumud Pant as Gang Member<br />
*Ali Hyder Junejo as J<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
The film has been shot in various parts of the [[United Kingdom]] including [[Bradford]], [[Birmingham]] and [[Wales]] and sets were recreated to resemble [[Karachi]]. During the shooting of scenes in Wales, the lead actors were mistaken as real Taliban people and the shoot was halted by [[Scotland Yard]] authorities.<ref>Gupta, Priya (30 October 2014) [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Mir-Amiruddin-Mir-Zada-and-Jackky-bhagnani-mistaken-for-the-Taliban-by-the-Scotland-Yard/articleshow/44972128.cms Arshad Warsi and Jackky bhagnani mistaken for the Taliban by the Scotland Yard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719194131/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Mir-Amiruddin-Mir-Zada-and-Jackky-bhagnani-mistaken-for-the-Taliban-by-the-Scotland-Yard/articleshow/44972128.cms |date=19 July 2022 }}. ''[[The Times of India]]''.</ref><br />
The Bradford Bazaar was used as the backdrop of the film's shooting in Bradford.<ref>[http://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/NEWS/11507583.Bradford_s_Bazaar_is_the_backdrop_for_new_film_Welcome_to_Karachi/ Bradford's Bazaar is the backdrop for new film Welcome to Karachi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110032754/http://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/NEWS/11507583.Bradford_s_Bazaar_is_the_backdrop_for_new_film_Welcome_to_Karachi/ |date=10 November 2014 }}. ''Telegraph and Argus''. 1 October 2014.</ref><br />
During the shoot, the airport set from Birmingham was stolen by truckloaders. During this, Bhagnani suffered a loss due to which shooting came to a halt.<ref>Lalwani, Vickey (18 October 2014) [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Vashu-Bhagnanis-Karachi-airport-set-stolen/articleshow/44865687.cms Vashu Bhagnani's Karachi airport set stolen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020164538/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Vashu-Bhagnanis-Karachi-airport-set-stolen/articleshow/44865687.cms |date=20 October 2014 }}. ''[[The Times of India]]''.</ref><br />
<br />
==Casting==<br />
The role of Jackky Bhagnani was first offered to [[Irrfan Khan]] but due to other commitments Khan left the film.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140914062715/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2628593/Irrfan-Khan-quits-Vashu-Bhagnanis-Welcome-To-Karachi Irrfan Khan quits Vashu Bhagnani's Welcome To Karachi]. Bollywoodhungama.com (10 September 2014). Retrieved 2015-10-08.</ref><br />
<br />
[[Kubra Khan]] was originally cast as the female lead and shot most of the film before creative differences led to her leaving the film and being replaced by [[Lauren Gottlieb]], who reshot most of her scenes.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://tribune.com.pk/story/1643611/4-ive-lost-will-going-bollywood-kubra-khan|title = I've lost the will of going to Bollywood: Kubra Khan|date = 24 February 2018|access-date = 21 April 2018|archive-date = 13 July 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180713204357/https://www.hum.tv/did-you-know-kubra-khan-was-offered-the-lead-role-in-verna/|url-status = live}}</ref> Certain scenes featuring Kubra were retained in the final version of the film and the script was re-written to change her role into a much smaller one.<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Welcome 2 Karachi<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist =<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = 29 April 2015<br />
| recorded =<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = {{Duration|m=|s=}}<br />
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]<br />
| producer =<br />
| prev_title =<br />
| prev_year =<br />
| next_title =<br />
| next_year =<br />
}}<br />
The music for the film is composed by [[Jeet Gannguli]], [[Rochak Kohli]] and Amjad-Nadeem. The soundtrack of the film comprises 5 songs. The full audio album of the film was released on 29 April 2015 on [[YouTube]].<ref>[http://www.lyricser.com/welcome-to-karachi-songs-lyrics/ Welcome to Karachi (2015) Songs Lyrics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704221229/http://www.lyricser.com/welcome-to-karachi-songs-lyrics/ |date=4 July 2015 }}. Lyricser (16 April 2015). Retrieved 10 July 2015.</ref><ref>[http://www.lyricsol.com/mera-yaar-funtastic-lyrics-welcome-to-karachi/ Mera Yaar Funtastic Song Lyrics – Welcome To Karachi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704170535/http://www.lyricsol.com/mera-yaar-funtastic-lyrics-welcome-to-karachi/ |date=4 July 2015 }}. Lyricsol.com (24 May 2015). Retrieved 10 July 2015.</ref><br />
<br />
{{track listing<br />
| all_writing = <br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Lalla Lalla Lori<br />
| music1 = [[Rochak Kohli]]<br />
| length1 = 04:18<br />
| lyrics1= Rochak Kohli<br />
| extra1 = [[Vishal Dadlani]], Shivangi R. Kashyap<br />
| title2 = Boat Ma Kukdookoo<br />
| music2 = Rochak Kohli<br />
| length2 = 03:20<br />
| lyrics2= Rochak Kohli<br />
| extra2 = [[Mika Singh]], [[Rochak Kohli]], Deane Sequeira, Shivangi R. Kashyap<br />
| title3 = Shakira<br />
| music3 = [[Jeet Gannguli]]<br />
| length3 = 03:37<br />
| lyrics3 = [[Kausar Munir]]<br />
| extra3 = [[Shalmali Kholgade]]<br />
| title4 = Chal Bhaag<br />
| music4 = [[Amjad Nadeem]]<br />
| length4 = 04:33<br />
| lyrics4 = Sameer Anjaan<br />
| extra4 = Love Juneja, [[Sajid–Wajid|Wajid Ali]]<br />
| title5 = Mera Yaar Fantastic<br />
| music5 = Rochak Kohli<br />
| length5 = 03:59<br />
| lyrics5 = Sameer Anjaan<br />
| extra5 = [[Alamgir Khan (singer)|Alamgir Khan]]<br />
| total_length = {{Duration|m=|s=}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Critical reception==<br />
<br />
The film received largely negative reviews from critics. <br />
Paloma Sharma of Rediff rated it 0.5 stars and said, "Welcome 2 Karachi is a sad excuse for screen space"<ref>{{cite news|last=Sharma|first=Paloma|title=Review: Welcome To Karachi|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/welcome-2-karachi-erm-no-thanks/20150529.htm|accessdate=29 May 2015|newspaper=Rediff|archive-date=29 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529110754/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/welcome-2-karachi-erm-no-thanks/20150529.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Box office==<br />
Welcome to Karachi grossed ₹1.5 Cr in India on its opening day. The comedy drama film only managed to gross Rs. 5.50 crore net (55 million) approx. on its first weekend at the box office, including paid previews. This isn't shocking as the film pulled poor numbers on its first day by grossing Rs. 1.35 crore net (13.5 million)approx. on Friday. The film however saw a decent growth on Sunday than it saw on its first day by doing a business of Rs. 2 crore net (20 million) approx. at the box office.<ref>[http://businessofcinema.com/boxoffice/box-office-arshad-warsis-welcome-to-karachis-first-weekend-collections/209833 Box Office: Arshad Warsi's Welcome To Karachi's First Weekend Collections] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602184953/http://businessofcinema.com/boxoffice/box-office-arshad-warsis-welcome-to-karachis-first-weekend-collections/209833 |date=2 June 2015 }}. Businessofcinema.com (1 June 2015). Retrieved 2015-10-08.</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|4023852}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2015 films]]<br />
[[Category:2015 action comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:2015 black comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:2010s satirical films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian satirical films]]<br />
[[Category:2015 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2015 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Jeet Gannguli]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Rochak Kohli]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Amjad Nadeem]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in England]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Karachi]]<br />
[[Category:India–Pakistan relations in popular culture]]<br />
[[Category:Indian black comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:Military of Pakistan in films]]<br />
[[Category:Films distributed by AA Films]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahabali&diff=447920Mahabali2026-02-23T07:06:22Z<p>RobbyAyres: fix</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|King in Hindu scriptures}}<br />
{{Other uses}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox deity<br />
| type = Hindu<br />
| affiliation = [[Daitya]], [[Asura]], [[Mahajanas]]<br />
| abode =[[Patala#Sutala|Sutala loka]]<br />
| image = Vamana_Bali_Shukra.jpg<br />
| alt = Mahabali (Maveli)<br />
| caption = Mahabali serves Vamana, while a suspicious Shukra tries to stop him. Painting from Mankot, Jammu and Kashmir, {{circa}} 1700–1725.<br />
| parents = [[Virochana]] (father), Devi Vishalakshi (mother)<br />
| spouse = [[Vindhyavali]]{{efn|also known as Ashrama<ref name="Dalal2010p229" />}}<br />
| children = 100 sons including [[Banasura]], [[Namasu (Hinduism)|Namasu]], Sahasika, and Shakuni<br><br />
2 daughters Ratnamala/Yagyamala and Vajrajvala (wife of [[Kumbhakarna]])<br />
| member_of = [[Chiranjivi]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Mahabali''' ([[IAST]]: Mahābalī), also known as '''Bali''', '''Indrasenan''', or '''Māveli''', is a [[daitya]] king featured in [[Hinduism]]. He is the grandson of [[Prahlada]], and a descendant of the sage [[Kashyapa]]. There are many versions of his legend in ancient texts such as ''[[Ramayana]]'', ''[[Mahabharata]]'', ''[[Shatapatha Brahmana]]'', and many ''[[Puranas]]''. According to [[Hindu texts|Hindu literature]], he was blessed to be one of the [[Chiranjivi]], a group of seven immortals, by [[Vamana]] avatar of god [[Vishnu]] and reigns in Sutala loka.<ref name="kanev5" /><ref>{{cite book|author=Nanditha Kirshna|title=Book of Vishnu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pIFFEJXx7L8C |year=2009|publisher= Penguin Books|isbn=978-81-8475-865-8|pages=58–59}}</ref><ref name="Narayan">{{Cite book |last=Narayan |first=R.K |title= The Ramayana: a shortened modern prose version of the Indian epic |chapter=Mahabali story |pages=14–16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jv-BdsLrX0wC |publisher= Penguin Classics |year=1977|isbn=978-0-14-018700-7}}</ref><br />
<br />
It is believed that Mahabali will become the King of [[Swarga|Svarga]] (heaven) in the next ''[[Manvantara]]''. In [[Kerala]], Mahabali is considered to be the noblest and most prosperous ruler, who transformed his kingdom into a heavenly place. His legend is a major part of the annual festival [[Onam]] in the state of [[Kerala]], and it is also celebrated in [[Tamilnadu]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Karnataka]], [[Gujarat]], [[Telangana]], and [[Andhra Pradesh|Andhra]] as [[Balipratipada]], [[Balipadyami|Balipādyami]], or Bali pādva (the third day of [[Diwali|Deepavali]] and first day of [[Kārtika (month)|Kartika]] month).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-15 |title=Bali Puja 2020 date: Bali Pratipada story and significance |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/religion/rituals-puja/bali-puja-2020-date-bali-pratipada-story-and-significance/articleshow/79167061.cms |access-date=2023-09-02 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=kanev5/><ref name="Melton2011p634"/><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-10-27 |title=Diwali Padwa, Bali Pratipada: See significance and date |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/diwali-padwa-bali-pratipada-significance-and-date/articleshow/95096033.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-02 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Hinduism==<br />
{{See also|Onam#Mahabali and Vamana}}<br />
[[File:Vaman.jpg|thumb|[[Vamana]] avatar of Lord [[Vishnu]] stomps on Bali's head, and sends him to [[Patala]]]]<br />
Mahabali is described in early Hindu texts as a benevolent and generous king. He ruled without discrimination, and his people were honest, healthy, and happy under his rule.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.madhurima.org/new_madhurima/webpages/AboutOnam.html|title = About Onam}}</ref> Mahabali also temporarily possessed the ''[[amrita]]'' (nectar of eternal life) obtained by the ''[[asura]]s''.<ref name="Hudson2008p163">{{cite book|author=D Dennis Hudson|title=The Body of God: An Emperor's Palace for Krishna in Eighth-Century Kanchipuram|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMCxbOezDi4C |year=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-970902-1|pages=163–174}}</ref> The amrita allowed his subjects to bring him back to life after his death in one of the wars between ''suras ([[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]])'' and ''asuras''.<ref name="Williams2008p73"/><ref name="Hudson2008p163"/> Mahabali was, thus, immune from death. After many wars, the invincible Bali had conquered heaven and earth. The ''suras'' (devas) approached Vishnu to save them from complete obliteration. Vishnu refused to join the devas in violence against Mahabali, because Mahabali is a benevolent king and his own devotee. To restore the natural order, he incarnated as the dwarf Brahmin avatar, [[Vamana]]. While Mahabali was performing the [[ashvamedha]] sacrifice to celebrate his victories and giving away gifts to everyone, Vamana approached him and requested "three steps of land".<ref name="Williams2008p73"/><ref name="Hudson2008p207">{{cite book|author=D Dennis Hudson|title=The Body of God: An Emperor's Palace for Krishna in Eighth-Century Kanchipuram|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMCxbOezDi4C |year=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-970902-1|pages=207–219}}</ref> Mahabali granted him this gift, despite warnings from [[Shukra]], who had realised Vamana's true identity. Vamana then metamorphosed into Vishnu's colossal trivikrama form, the first foot encompassing all of [[Svarga|heaven]] in one step and the earth with the second foot. When rhetorically asked where he might take his promised third step, Mahabali accepted his fate and offered his own head. Some Hindu texts state that Mahabali was banished to ''[[patala]]'' (netherworld), some state he was dragged there by [[Garuda]], in others he entered [[Svarga|heaven]] with the touch of Vishnu, while another version states he became ''Chiranjivi'' (immortal).<ref name="Williams2008p73">{{cite book|author=George M. Williams|title=Handbook of Hindu Mythology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7LOZfwCDpEC|year=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-533261-2|pages=73–74}}</ref> Others even have Bali admitted into [[Vaikuntha]], which was an even higher place than the realm of the devas.<ref>{{cite book|author=George M. Williams|title=Handbook of Hindu Mythology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7LOZfwCDpEC|year=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-533261-2|pages=274}}</ref><br />
<br />
In other versions of the story, when Vamana asks where to place his next step, Mahabali offers his own head to him because he realizes that he is an [[avatar]] of god Vishnu. Vishnu then sends the king to ''sutala'', but seeing Mahabali's gesture, he is pleased and wants Mahabali to ask for a boon. Mahabali wishes for Vishnu to stay with him in his palace in ''sutala loka'' and give him the privilege of serving him. However, when [[Lakshmi|Goddess Lakshmi]] finds out, she does not approve. She goes to ''sutala loka'', makes Mahabali her brother, and requests him to let her husband come back to her in Vaikuntha. In response to this situation, Vishnu decides that he will visit Mahabali's palace every year and rest/sleep there for four months. To ensure that the world continues to function while he is resting in ''Sutala loka'', Lord Vishnu gave his responsibility of running the world to [[Shiva]]. Those four months, during which Vishnu rests and Shiva runs the world, are known as [[Chaturmasya|Chaturmas]]. In this way, Mahabali played an important part in the start of Chaturmas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-05 |title=Devshayani Ekadashi 2024: Legend Says Lord Vishnu Goes Into Yog Nidra, Know The Tale |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/spiritual/devshayani-ekadashi-2024-legend-says-lord-vishnu-goes-into-yog-nidra-know-the-tale-article-111520250 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
According to one story<sup>''[Which story?Sources?]{{source needed|date=October 2025}}''</sup>, Vishnu granted Bali a boon whereby he could return to his homeland once every year.<br />
The harvest festivals of [[Balipratipada]] and [[Onam]] are celebrated to mark his yearly homecoming.<ref name=kanev5>{{cite book|author=PV Kane|title=History of Dharmasastra, Volume 5 Part 1| url=https://archive.org/details/KhistoryOfDharmasastraancientAndMediaevalReligiousAndCivilLaw | publisher= Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute| year= 1958 |pages= [https://archive.org/details/KhistoryOfDharmasastraancientAndMediaevalReligiousAndCivilLaw/page/n214 201]–206}}</ref><ref name="Melton2011p634">{{cite book|author=Constance A Jones|editor=J. Gordon Melton|title=Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KDU30Ae4S4cC |year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-205-0|pages=634, 900}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= [https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/74 74]|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> Literature and inscriptions in Hindu temples suggest that these festivals, featuring colourful decorations, lighted lamps, gift giving, feasts and community events, have been popular in India for more than a millennium.<ref name=kanev5/><ref name=amkurup>{{cite journal| title= The Sociology of Onam| author= A.M. Kurup| year=1977| journal= Indian Anthropologist| volume=7| number=2| pages= 95–110| jstor= 41919319}}</ref> Bali is also featured in the [[Ramayana]] where [[Ravana]] tries to free him from Patala, but is unable to.<ref name="Williams2008p73"/><br />
<br />
Mahabhali had a wife named Vindhyavalli, who was also referred to as Ashrama. With her he had many sons, including the Shiva devotee [[Banasura|Bana]] (Banasura) and [[Namasu (Hinduism)|Namasu]] (Prince Namuchi). It is believed that Vindhyavalli once saved Bana from the wrath of [[Krishna]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dalal|first=Roshen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&q=Vindhyavalli|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|date=2010|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Jainism==<br />
King Mahabali is also found in the mythologies of [[Jainism]]. He is the sixth of nine [[Prativasudeva]]s (Prati-narayanas, anti-heroes).{{sfn|von Glasenapp|1999|p=288}} He is depicted as an evil king who schemed and attempted to rob Purusha's wife.{{sfn|von Glasenapp|1999|p=308}} He is defeated and killed by Purusha. In Jain mythology, the antagonists to Mahabali are the two sons born to King Mahasiva (Mahasiras): Ananda (the sixth Baladeva) and Purusapundarika (the sixth Vasudeva).{{sfn|von Glasenapp|1999|p=308}}<br />
<br />
Mahabali is also mentioned in Jain inscriptions, where the patron compares the defeated evil opponents of the current king to Mahabali. For example, in the Girnar inscriptions of Gujarat dated to about 1231 CE (1288 Vikrama era), minister Vastupala of the [[Chaulukya dynasty]] is praised as a great king by Jains, and the inscriptions connect him to Mahabali because Vastupala gave much charity. Some excerpts from the inscriptions are:<br />
: In olden times Mahabali was pressed down by the foot of Vishnu, the enemy of the demons, from the earth; now the same is done by the hand of Vastupala,...{{sfn|Burgess|1885|p=285}}<br />
:O Vastupala, Mahabali has sent thee a message that he has been much pleased by hearing from Narada, who visits the three worlds, that though frequently solicited thou dost not extend thy anger to the needy,...{{sfn|Burgess|1885|p=291}}<br />
: By the famous minister Vastupala watering the earth with nectarial charities, the pride of Mahabali and Kalpataru has been greatly lowered...{{sfn|Burgess|1885|p=292}}<br />
: Let there be continuous salutation to holy Mahabali and Karna, whose charity though unseen has been the object of so much fame; consequently the people are worthy of worship, and the great minister Vastupala's charity which the people see with their eyes so great that even the world itself can scarcely contain it.{{sfn|Burgess|1885|p=294}}<br />
<br />
Mahabali is a common name and found in other contexts. For example, in Jain history, Mahabali is the name of the son of Bahubali, who was given Bahubali's kingdom before Bahubali became a monk.{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2013|p=xi}}<br />
<br />
==Buddhism==<br />
Bali appears in several Buddhist sutras, such as the Dānapāramitā Sūtra, the Ratnamegha Sūtra, and the [[Lotus Sutra]]; where he is seen among the audience who listens to the Buddha's discourses.<br />
<br />
The [[Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra]] features an extensive dialogue between Bali and the [[bodhisattva]] [[Avalokiteśvara]] that occurred during the life of the Buddha [[Viśvabhū]]. Bali relates his story of being imprisoned in the underworld by [[Nārāyaṇa]]. The asura king repents for his misdeeds and praises the qualities of Avalokiteśvara and the pure land [[Sukhāvatī]]. Avalokiteśvara bestows a prediction that Bali will someday become a fully awakended buddha named Śrī who will lead the asuras in the Dharma.<br />
<br />
Bali offers Avalokiteśvara "strings of pearls worth a hundred thousand silver coins and diadems adorned with various jewels." Before leaving his abode, Avalokiteśvara gives a teaching about how humans must leave Jambudvīpa upon death and are subject to the punishments of King [[Yama]] in hell. He then tells Bali of the importance of cultivating merit in this life.{{sfn|Roberts|2013}}<br />
<br />
==Veneration==<br />
For people in Kerala, Mahabali is remembered fondly as a great and benevolent king. Keralites celebrate the festival [[Onam]] to commemorate the glorious days of Mahabali. They believe that Mahabali, once ruled Kerala. During Onam, the asura king is believed to return to see his people.<br />
<br />
In Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana, several people believe that Mahabali was an ancient king.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-15 |title=Bali Puja 2020 date: Bali Pratipada story and significance |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/religion/rituals-puja/bali-puja-2020-date-bali-pratipada-story-and-significance/articleshow/79167061.cms |access-date=2023-09-04 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Special puja is offered during the third day of Deepavali and first day of Kartika month, which they call, 'Bali padwa', ' Bali pratipada', and 'Bali Padyami'. In coastal Karnataka, people offer a special dish to the being on a plate prepared with bamboo tree sticks, along with a lamp, and through the medium of a Tulu folklore song, request him to accept their offerings. People believe that on the third day of the festival, the king comes out of Patala for a day to see his kingdom.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-11-04 |title=Bali Pratipada to mark home coming of Mahabali |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/bali-pratipada-to-mark-home-coming-of-mahabali/articleshow/25196219.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-05 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
The town of [[Mahabalipuram]] in Tamil Nadu is also associated with him.<ref name="Dalal2010p229">{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|publisher=Penguin|year=2010|isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|pages=229–230}}</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Hinduism in Thailand]] and [[Tai folk religion]] call him is '''Chao Krung Bhali''' (เจ้ากรุงพาลี). He is regarded as chief of [[Bhummaso|deity serve as guardians of the earth]]. (พระภูมิเจ้าที่) [[Yokkaso|deity guardians of the trees]] (รุกขเทวดา) and [[Tutelary deity]]. (เทพารักษ์) which deity these types same match with [[Grāmadevatā]] and [[Kuladevata]] in [[Hinduism]]., [[Murti|statue]] of his most important located in '''Ho kaew sal Phra bhum''' (หอแก้วศาลพระภูมิ) which is [[Spirit house]] for deity guardian of [[Grand Palace]] which is on the side of [[Grand Palace##Phra Thinang Chai Chumpol|Phra Thinang Chai Chumpol]] but located in the area of the Inner royal Court (accommodation of [[List of Thai royal consorts|Consort]], concubine with daughter unmarried and woman attendant).,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.resource.lib.su.ac.th/rattanakosin/index.php/2014-10-27-08-52-05/2014-10-29-01-27-45/2015-10-15-04-25-28/2015-10-15-04-28-36?showall=&start=1 | title=พระที่นั่งในสวนศิวาลัย }}</ref> Him will receive special worship during the old Thai new year festival (เทศกาลตรุษไทย) according [[Lunar calendar]] (around the end of the month March to early April) before the [[Songkran (Thailand)|Songkran festival]]., by inviting [[Murti|statue]] of his with [[Cult image|statue]] other in [[Spirit house]] for deity guardian [[Grand Palace]]., Come to worship with [[Siam Devadhiraj]] which was regarded as the chairman of chief deity guardian of [[Grand Palace]]., which accompanying ceremony in [[Grand Palace##Phra Thinang Phaisan Thaksin|Phra Thinang Phaisan Thaksin]] annually by [[Monarchy of Thailand]] or agent of [[Monarchy of Thailand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.silpathai.net/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A/|title=พระราชพิธีบวงสรวงพระสยามเทวาธิราช|date=29 July 2014|website=silpathai.net|access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref> As for the [[Tai folk religion]] He was generally worshiped together with [[Bhummaso|deity serve as guardians of the earth]]., [[Yokkaso|deity guardians of the trees]] and [[Tutelary deity]]. by his famous [[Murti|statue]] and [[Spirit house]] of him located in '''San Chao Krung Bhali''' (ศาลเจ้ากรุงพาลี) in Noen Phra sud district in [[Mueang Rayong district]] [[Rayong province]] which has been praised by indigenous people to be [[Tutelary deity]] guardian of community.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.naewna.com/likesara/633798 | title=โจรแสบขับกระบะลักรูปปั้น 'องค์เจ้ากรุงพาลี' อายุกว่า 40 ปี เผยก่อนสร้างมีคนฝันเห็นยักษ์ | date=7 February 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.banmuang.co.th/news/crime/268608 | title=อุกอาจ! โจรบุกขโมยรูปปั้นองค์พระเจ้ากรุงพาลี ขนขึ้นกระบะหนีลอยนวล }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.ch7.com/detail/548632 | title=วอนคนร้ายส่งคืนรูปปั้นเจ้ากรุงพาลี สิ่งศักดิ์สิทธิ์ที่ชาวบ้านนับถือศรัทธา จ.ระยอง }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://siamrath.co.th/n/320392 | title=ล่าหัวขโมยอุ้ม "พระพุทธรูปกรุงพาลี" เจ้าของวอนขอคืน เผยอยู่คู่อพาร์ทเม้นมากว่า40 ปี | date=7 February 2022 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Literature ==<br />
The Sapta Chiranjivi Stotram is a mantra that is featured in [[Hindu texts|Hindu literature]]:<br />
<br />
{{Blockquote|text=अश्वत्थामा बलिर्व्यासो हनुमांश्च विभीषण:।<br>कृप: परशुरामश्च सप्तैतै चिरञ्जीविन:॥<br>सप्तैतान् संस्मरेन्नित्यं मार्कण्डेयमथाष्टमम्।<br>जीवेद्वर्षशतं सोपि सर्वव्याधिविवर्जितः॥<br />
<br />
aśvatthāmā balirvyāsō hanumāṁśca vibhīṣaṇaḥ।<br>kṛpaḥ paraśurāmaśca saptaitai cirañjīvinaḥ॥<br>saptaitān saṁsmarēnnityaṁ mārkaṇḍēyamathāṣṭamam।<br>jīvēdvarṣaśataṁ sopi sarvavyādhivivarjitaḥ॥|title=Sapta Chiranjivi Stotram}}<br />
<br />
The mantra states that the remembrance of the eight immortals ([[Ashwatthama]], Mahabali, [[Vyasa]], [[Hanuman]], [[Vibhishana]], [[Kripa]], [[Parashurama]], and [[Markandeya]]) offers one freedom from ailments and longevity.<br />
<br />
Sudheer Maurya: Bali Ka Raaj Aaye (2019) Hindi Novel, Aman Prkashan, ISBN 9388260341<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Vamana]]<br />
*[[Onam]]<br />
*[[Rakshasa]]<br />
*[[Chiranjivi]]<br />
*[[Balipratipada]]<br />
*[[Prahalada]]<br />
*[[Virocana|Virochana]]<br />
*[[Belus (Assyrian)]]<br />
*[[Beli Mawr]]<br />
*[[Vindhyavalli]]<br />
*[[*Deh₂nu]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
===Citations===<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
* {{citation |last=Burgess |first=James |author-link=James Burgess (archaeologist) |title=Lists of the Antiquarian Remains in the Bombay Presidency: With an Appendix of Inscriptions from Gujarat |url=https://archive.org/details/listsantiquaria00burggoog/page/n306| year= 1885| publisher= Archaeological Survey of India }}<br />
* {{citation |last=Jain |first=Vijay K. |title=Ācārya Nemichandra's Dravyasaṃgraha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9CJ3jZpcqYC |date=2013 |quote={{PD-notice}} |publisher=Vikalp Printers |isbn=9788190363952 |ref={{sfnref|Vijay K. Jain|2013}} }}<br />
* {{citation |last=von Glasenapp |first=Helmuth |author-link=Helmuth von Glasenapp |others=Shridhar B. Shrotri (trans.) |title=Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation |date=1999 |location = [[Delhi]] |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WzEzXDk0v6sC |isbn=81-208-1376-6 |trans-title=Der Jainismus: Eine Indische Erlosungsreligion }}<br />
* {{Citation | last1 =Roberts | first1 =Peter Alan |others=With Tulku Yeshe | year =2013 | title =The Basket's Display | publisher =84000 | url=https://read.84000.co/translation/toh116.html }}<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{succession box|<br />
before=[[Virochana]] |<br />
title= [[Daitya]]s|<br />
years = unknown|<br />
after=[[Banasura]]}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
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{{HinduMythology}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
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[[Category:Chiranjivins]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in the Bhagavata Purana]]<br />
[[Category:Asura]]<br />
[[Category:Daityas]]<br />
[[Category:Salakapurusa]]<br />
[[Category:Onam]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karthika_Thirunal_Lakshmi_Bayi&diff=508707Karthika Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi2026-02-09T10:40:58Z<p>RobbyAyres: </p>
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<div>{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| name = Karthika Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi<br />
| title = [[Maharani of Travancore]]; Attingal Mootha Thampuran<br />
| image =Karthika Thirunal Thampuratti.jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| reign = (1985–2008 Titular Maharani)<br />
| coronation = <br />
| full name = ''Sree Padmanabhasevini Vanchidarma Vardhini Raja Rajeshwari Maharani Karthika Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi, Attingal Mootha Thampuran and the Maharani of Travancore''<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1916|09|17}}<br />
| birth_place = Travancore<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2008|06|08|1916|09|17}}<br />
| death_place = Thiruvananthapuram<br />
| burial_date = <br />
| burial_place = <!-- <br /> {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --><br />
| predecessor = [[Sethu Lakshmi Bayi]]<br />
| suc-type = <br />
| heir = <br />
| successor = [[Uthram Thirunal Lalaithamba Bhai]] (2008 June to November 2008 ) <br />
[[ Karthika Thirunal Indira Bai ]](2008 November to 2017 July ) current ; Bharani Thirunal Rukmini Bayi <br />
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[G. V. Raja|Lt. Col. P. R. Godavarma Raja]] of [[Poonjar dynasty|Poonjar Royal House]]|1934|1971|end=died}}<br />
| issue = {{plainlist|<br />
* Avittom Thirunal Rama Varma<br />
* [[Pooyam Thirunal Gowri Parvathi Bayi]]<br />
* [[Aswathi Thirunal Gowri Lakshmi Bayi]]<br />
* [[Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma]]}}<br />
| house = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Travancore royal family|Venad Swaroopam]]<br />
* Kulasekhara (Second Chera) Royal Dynasty}}<br />
| father = Pooram Nal Ravi Varma of [[Kilimanur Palace]]<br />
| mother = Amma Maharani Moolam Thirunal Sethu Parvathi Bayi<br />
| religion = [[Hinduism]]<br />
| signature = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Maharani Karthika Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi''' (1916-2008) was the only sister of the last ruling Maharajah of [[Travancore]], Sree [[Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma]] and of his successor, Sree [[Uthradom Thirunal Marthanda Varma]]. Under the matrilineal ''[[Marumakkathayam]]'' system of inheritance prevalent in the kingdom of Travancore, it was her children who were heirs to the throne. She therefore held a special place in the Travancore court, superior to the Maharaja's wives, and was termed the Rani of Attingal in her own right. In 2013, her only surviving son succeeded his uncles as titular Maharaja of Travancore and is known as [[Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma]].<br />
<br />
==Early years==<br />
Born as the only daughter of Queen Mother [[Sethu Parvathi Bayi]] and Sri Ravi Varma Koyi Thampuran of [[Kilimanoor]], she married Lt. Col. [[G. V. Raja]]. According to ''Oneindia'' online daily she was a witness to major events in pre-independence and independent India, was an accomplished dancer, singer and a linguist as well.<ref>{{cite news|last=.in|first=oneindia|title=lakshmibai-thampuratti|url=https://malayalam.oneindia.com/news/2008/06/08/kerala-lakshmibai-thampuratti-obit.html|access-date=24 March 2014|newspaper=Oneindia|archive-date=8 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408215513/http://malayalam.oneindia.in/news/2008/06/08/kerala-lakshmibai-thampuratti-obit.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In accordance to the tradition, she was also the Chief of Attingal Fiefdom, known as Mootha Thampuran.<br />
<br />
[[File:Karthika thirunal and brother.jpg|thumbnail|left|Karthika Thirunal with her younger brother, future Maharaja [[Uthradom Thirunal Marthanda Varma]].]]<br />
She was born as the only daughter of Sanskrit scholar and aristocrat Sri Pooram Nal Ravi Varma Kochu Kovil Tampuran of Kilimanoor Kovilakam and Amma Maharani Moolam Thirunal [[Sethu Parvathi Bayi]] of Travancore, on 17 September 1916, in the matrilineal Royal House of [[Travancore]]. She was educated by selected tutors and scholars. She mastered languages like [[Malayalam]], [[Sanskrit]], English, French etc. Since her childhood, Karthika was deeply interested in dance and music. Recognizing her interests, her elder brother, Maharajah Sree [[Chithira Thirunal]], appointed Harikeshanelloor Muthaiyya Bhagavathar as her music teacher. In 1933, at the age of 16, Karthika Thirunal became the first from her family to undertake a sea voyage with her mother, against the then prevalent superstitious belief related to crossing the sea. She also participated in the All India Women's Conference of 1935, held in [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{cite web|last=UMA|first=MAHESWARI|title=Maharani Karthika Thirunal: Witnessing History|url=http://kerala4u.in/307/personalities/maharani-karthika-thirunalwitnessing-history|publisher=kerala4u.in|access-date=24 March 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231175747/http://kerala4u.in/307/personalities/maharani-karthika-thirunalwitnessing-history|archive-date=31 December 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Royal wedding==<br />
As soon as Karthika Thirunal turned 16, it was decided to get her married. Usually, the [[Koyi Thampuran]]s were chosen as bridegrooms for Travancore Princesses and Queens.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mewat|first1=Mahi|title=The Indian Encyclopaedia|page=4690}}</ref> According to [[Uthradom Thirunal]], Maharajah [[Sree Chithira Thirunal]] and [[Sethu Parvathi Bayi]] ignored the superiority of Koyi Thampurans and got her married to a young aristocrat named P.R. Godavarma Raja of Poonjar Palace. The Maharajah felt that it was fine to make a different choice so as to find a suitable spouse for his sister and for the first time chose a bridegroom from the Poonjar Royal House. <br />
<br />
[[File:Lt. Col. Godavarma Raja of Travancore (1938).jpg|thumbnail|left|Lt. Col. P. R. Godavarma Raja – Prince Consort of Karthika Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi during his military days]]<br />
When P.R. Ramavarma Raja, (husband of Karthika Thirunal's maternal aunt), visited Kowdiar Palace, he put forward the name of his younger brother Godavarma Raja (Col.[[G. V. Raja]]) as a prospective bridegroom for Karthika Thirunal. Godavarma Raja who later attained immortal fame as the ''King of Kerala Sports and Tourism'', at the time of the proposal was studying in Madras for attaining a Degree in Medicine. The couple met each other in 1933. Godavarma accepted the wedding proposal for Karthika Thirunal's hand and discontinued his education there. Karthika Thirunal's family too approved, and the wedding was thus announced. It was the first time a Travancore Princess married some one other than a [[Koyi Thampuran]]. Poonjar Royal Family is believed to be the descendants of [[Pandya Dynasty]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Uma Maheshwari|first1=S|title=Thrippadidanam|publisher=Mathrubhumi Books|isbn=978-81-8265-947-6|pages=162–175|edition=3}}</ref><br />
<br />
The preparations for the ''Pallikettu'' (wedding of a Travancore Princess)began in 1933 itself. Huge wedding venue was created at ''Sundara Vilasom Palace''. Many prominent Indian Royals were invited for the wedding and the wedding was a lavish affair. The wedding of 17-year-old Karthika Thirunal and 26-year-old Godavarma Raja took place on 24 January 1934. The royal couple stayed at [[Kovalam]] for their honeymoon and it was during this time, Godavarma Raja, smitten by the beauty of the place, decided to develop and promote Kovalam as a tourist destination. After their wedding, [[G. V. Raja]] joined the Travancore State Force (Army) and served as a [[Lt. Colonel]] and as one of the commanding officers of the Nair Brigade (Travancore King's Bodyguards).<ref>{{cite web|last=kovalamhotels.|first=com|title=KOVALAM – PARADISE OF SOUTH INDIA|url=http://www.kovalamhotels.com/|access-date=24 March 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
The couple had four children, Elayarajah (Crown Prince) Avittom Thirunal Rama Varma (1938–1944, died at the age of six of a rheumatic heart condition), Pooyam Thirunal Gowri Parvati Bayi (1941), [[Aswathi Thirunal Gowri Lakshmi Bayi]] (1945) and Sree [[Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma]] (1949), the Titular<ref>"Though by the 26th amendment to the Constitution, Article 363 was repealed whereby the rights and privileges of the rulers of Indian states were taken away, still the name and title of the rulers remained as such and unaffected in so far as names and titles were not contemplated as rights or privileges under the repealed Articles 291 and 362 of the Constitution."</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=HANEEF|first=MAHIR|title='His Highness' isn't unconstitutional: Kerala high court|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/His-Highness-isnt-unconstitutional-Kerala-high-court/articleshow/27492597.cms?intenttarget=no|access-date=27 January 2014|newspaper=The Times of India|date=17 December 2013}}</ref> Maharajah of Travancore and the Head of Travancore Royal Family & Supreme Guardian/Custodian of Sree Padmanabhaswami Temple.<ref>{{cite news|author=Express News Service|title=Moolam Thirunal Anointed Custodian of Temple|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/Moolam-Thirunal-Anointed-Custodian-of-Temple/2014/01/04/article1981976.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221150640/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/Moolam-Thirunal-Anointed-Custodian-of-Temple/2014/01/04/article1981976.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 February 2014|access-date=22 January 2014|newspaper=The New Indian Express|date=4 January 2014}}</ref><br />
In the memory of his late nephew, Prince Avittom Thirunal, Maharajah [[Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma]] built the SAT Hospital in Trivandrum.<br />
<!-- This entire section should be translated into English --><br />
<ref>രാജകുടുംബത്തിന്റെ കണ്ണീര് തോരുന്നില്ല! മനോരമഓണ്ലൈന് – 2012 ജനു 28, ശനി : 'ആറാം വയസ്സിലാണ് അവിട്ടം തിരുനാള് രാമവര്മയുടെ വേര്പാട്. 1944ല് ആയിരുന്നു അത്. ജന്മനാ അനാരോഗ്യമുള്ള കുട്ടിയായിരുന്നു. റുമാറ്റിക് ഹാര്ട്ട് എന്ന ഹൃദയത്തെ ബാധിക്കുന്ന രോഗമായിരുന്നു. രോഗത്തിന്റെ കാഠിന്യത്തെ കുറിച്ചു ഡോക്ടര്മാര് ഞങ്ങളെ ആരെയും അറിയിച്ചിരുന്നില്ല. കഴിവുറ്റ ഡോക്ടര്മാരോ ചികില്സാസൗകര്യമോ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നുമില്ല. സൂക്ഷിച്ചു വളര്ത്തണമെന്നു പറഞ്ഞിട്ടില്ലാത്തതിനാല് മറ്റു കുട്ടികളെ പോലെ അവിട്ടം തിരുനാളിനെയും ഒാടാനും ചാടാനുമെല്ലാം വിട്ടു. കേരളത്തില് നല്ല മഴയുള്ള സമയമായിരുന്നു. ഈര്പ്പവും തണുപ്പും നല്ലതലെ്ലന്നു ഡോക്ടര്മാര് പറഞ്ഞതനുസരിച്ചു കാര്ത്തിക തിരുനാളും ഭര്ത്താവ് കേണല് ഗോദവര്മരാജയും അവിട്ടം തിരുനാളിനെയും കൂട്ടി കന്യാകുമാരിയിലേക്കു പോയി. അവിടെ മഴയുണ്ടായിരുന്നില്ല. ഒരു ദിവസം വൈകുന്നേരം അവിട്ടം തിരുനാള് അമ്മയോടു പേടിയാകുന്നുവെന്നു പറഞ്ഞു മടിയില് തലവച്ചു കിടന്നു. പിന്നെ ഇരുട്ടാകുന്നുവെന്നു പറഞ്ഞു, കണ്ണ് കാണുന്നിലെ്ലന്നു പറഞ്ഞു. പതിയെ ബോധം മറഞ്ഞു. മടിയില് കിടന്നുകൊണ്ടു തന്നെ ഈ ലോകം വിട്ടു പോയി.</ref><br />
<ref name=January>{{cite news|last=മനോരമ|first=ഓണ്ലൈന്|title=രാജകുടുംബത്തിന്റെ കണ്ണീര് തോരുന്നില്ല!|url=https://malayalam.yahoo.com/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D-%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86-%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D-%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2-062125143.html|access-date=30 March 2014|newspaper=Malayala Manorama (Malayalam Online Edition)}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Full title==<br />
Her Highness Sree Padmanabhasevini Vanchidharma Vardhini Raja Rajeshwari Maharani Karthika Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi, Attingal Mootha Thampuran and the Maharani of Travancore<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Karthika Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi}}<br />
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{{authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bayi, Karthika Thirunal Lakshmi}}<br />
[[Category:1916 births]]<br />
[[Category:2008 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian female royalty]]<br />
[[Category:Travancore royal family]]<br />
[[Category:Scientists from Thiruvananthapuram]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian royalty]]<br />
[[Category:Women from the Kingdom of Travancore]]<br />
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Travancore]]<br />
[[Category:Women writers from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian social scientists]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from Thiruvananthapuram]]<br />
[[Category:Educators from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Women educators from Kerala]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dighi_Port&diff=497038Dighi Port2026-02-08T07:49:35Z<p>RobbyAyres: started initial post w/ infobox...</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Sea port in Maharashtra, India}}<br />
{{Infobox port<br />
| name = Dighi Port<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| location = Dighi, [[Raigad district|Raigad]], [[Maharashtra]]<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|18.2751329|72.968366|display=inline,title}}<br />
| opened = 2014(construction started)<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite web | title=IL&FS Engineering bags Rs 179.84 crore Dighi port contract | work=The Economic Times | date=28 October 2014 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/ilfs-engineering-bags-rs-179-84-crore-dighi-port-contract/articleshow/44960749.cms }}</ref><br> 2018(operations started)<ref name="thehindubusinessline.com">{{cite web | title=JNPT gets board nod to bid for Dighi Port | date=14 September 2018 | url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/jnpt-gets-board-nod-to-bid-for-dighi-port/article24949356.ece }}</ref><br />
| operated = [[Adani Ports & SEZ|Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Limited]]<ref name="business-standard"/><br />
| owner = [[Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services|IL & FS]] (2014-2018)<br>[[JNPT]] (2018-21)<br> [[Adani Ports & SEZ]] (2021-present)<br />
| type = [[Deep-sea port]]<br />
| sizewater = <br />
| sizeland = <br />
| size = <br />
| berths = 5<br />
| wharfs = <br />
| piers = <br />
| employees = <br />
| leadershiptitle = <br />
| leader = <br />
| blankdetailstitle1 = <br />
| blankdetails1 = <br />
| blankdetailstitle2 = <br />
| blankdetails2 = <br />
| blankdetailstitle3 = <br />
| blankdetails3 = <br />
| arrivals = <br />
| cargotonnage = <br />
| containervolume = <br />
| cargovalue = <br />
| passengertraffic = <br />
| revenue = <br />
| profit = <br />
| blankstatstitle1 = Length of navigational channel<br />
| blankstats1 = <br />
| blankstatstitle2 = wide of navigational channel<br />
| blankstats2 = <br />
| blankstatstitle3 = Draft<br />
| blankstats3 = <br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dighi Port''' is a sea port in Maharashtra, India,<ref>{{cite book |last1=James |first1=David L. |last2=Merchant |first2=Rajeev |year=2013 |title=The New Asia: Business Strategies for the Economic Region That Is Shaking Up the World |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=102 |isbn=9781440829109}}</ref> on the eastern coast of the [[Arabian Sea]], {{convert|42|nmi|km mi}} from the Mumbai port. The port is operated by [[Adani Ports & SEZ]].<ref name="business-standard"/><ref name="thehindu"/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
In 2014, IL&FS Engineering and Construction Company bagged a contract worth Rs 179.84 crore for development of multipurpose berths at the Dighi Port.<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite web | title=IL&FS Engineering bags Rs 179.84 crore Dighi port contract | work=The Economic Times | date=28 October 2014 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/ilfs-engineering-bags-rs-179-84-crore-dighi-port-contract/articleshow/44960749.cms }}</ref><br />
The port was to be developed as a multi-purpose, multi-cargo and all-weather port under a 50-year concession agreement with the [[Maharashtra Maritime Board]] (MMB) on a build, own, operate, share, transfer basis and had a land bank of 1,600 acres. However, because of poor hinterland connectivity, the port had only started partial operations as of 2018.<ref name="LM1">{{Cite web |date=15 September 2018 |title=Adani, JNPT likely to bid for acquiring bankrupt Dighi Port |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/AnkMxSeI6Cpr3qv4mFKAZO/Adani-JNPT-likely-to-bid-for-acquiring-bankrupt-Dighi-Port.html |access-date=1 August 2025 |website=[[Live Mint]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
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In April 2018, Dighi Port Ltd. was taken to bankruptcy court by an operational creditor. It also owed Rs1,600 crore to a consortium of banks.<ref name="LM2">{{Cite web |date=22 May 2018 |title=JNPT looks to buy out smaller cash-strapped ports to ramp up capacity |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/HpgVCS0fasszCNVbdQjvVN/JNPT-looks-to-buy-out-smaller-cashstrapped-ports-to-ramp-up.html |access-date=1 August 2025 |website=[[Live Mint]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
Dighi Port Ltd owed ₹30 crore to DBM Geotechnics to construct multi-purpose berths 1 and 2 at Dighi and berth No 3. It marks the first instance of a port being hauled to the NCLT.<ref name="thehindubusinessline.com">{{cite web | title=JNPT gets board nod to bid for Dighi Port | date=14 September 2018 | url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/jnpt-gets-board-nod-to-bid-for-dighi-port/article24949356.ece }}</ref><br />
As part of the bankruptcy resolution process, the [[Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust]] (JNPT), Adani Ports, DP World and JSW Infrastructure, among others, submitted expressions of interest (EoIs) to acquire Dighi Port Limited.<ref name="TOI1">{{Cite web |date=19 November 2018 |title=JNPT to vie with Adani, JSW, Posco for Dighi Port |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jnpt-to-vie-with-adani-jsw-posco-for-dighi-port/articleshow/66686648.cms |access-date=1 August 2025 |website=[[Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Limited ([[Adani Ports & SEZ]]) completed the acquisition of Dighi Port Limited on 15 February 2021 for Rs 705 crore.<ref name="business-standard">{{cite news |title=Adani Ports completes acquisition of Dighi Port Ltd for Rs 705 crore |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/adani-ports-completes-acquisition-of-dighi-port-ltd-for-rs-705-crore-121021601244_1.html |access-date=13 October 2022 |agency=Business Standard |publisher=www.business-standard.com |date=16 February 2021 |location=Mumbai |language=en}}</ref><ref name="thehindu">{{cite news |title=Adani firm completes acquisition of Dighi Port |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/adani-firm-completes-acquisition-of-dighi-port/article33854384.ece |access-date=13 October 2022 |agency=The Hindu |publisher=www.thehindu.com |date=16 February 2021 |location=Ahmedabad |language=en}}</ref><ref name="livemint">{{cite news |title=Adani Ports to invest ₹10000 crore to build new gateway into Maharashtra |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/adani-ports-acquires-dighi-port-earmarks-rs10-000-crore-to-build-new-gateway-into-maharashtra-11613482813934.html |access-date=13 October 2022 |agency=Mint |publisher=www.livemint.com |date=16 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Dighi Port is undergoing massive expansion, almost three times its current size.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-25 |title=Dighi Port seeks additional 304 HA of land to grow three times as large |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/dighi-port-seeks-additional-304-ha-of-land-to-grow-three-times-as-large-101656180331593.html |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Dighi Port Industrial Area==<br />
The Dighi Port Industrial Area (DPIA) project, spread over 5,024 hectares in Raigad district. The ₹7360.46-crore DPIA project is expected to be developed alongside the port expansion, and will be a major node of the proposed Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC).The DPIA site is strategically located adjacent to the Mumbai-Goa National Highway, the Pune-Kolad Highway, and the Pune-Harihareshwar Highway. It is about 117&nbsp;km from Mumbai, and 26&nbsp;km east of Dighi Port. The industrial complex is likely to cater to engineering, food processing, and pharmaceutical industries.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-04 |title=Environment ministry set to give green nod to Dighi Port Industrial Area |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/environment-ministry-set-to-give-green-nod-to-dighi-port-industrial-area-101664894604708.html |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://www.adaniports.com/Ports-and-Terminals/Dighi-Port Official site]<br />
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[[Category:Ports and harbours of Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Economy of Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Adani Ports]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mithun_Chakraborty:_The_Dada_of_Bollywood&diff=517963Mithun Chakraborty: The Dada of Bollywood2026-02-05T18:12:02Z<p>RobbyAyres: new page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian biographical book}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox book<br />
| name = Mithun Chakraborty:<br/> The Dada of Bollywood<br />
| author = [[Ram Kamal Mukherjee]]<br />
| language = English<br />
| country = India<br />
| genre = Biography<br />
| publisher = Rupa Publication<br />
| media_type = Print (hardcover)<br />
| cover_artist = Vickky Idnaani<br />
| isbn = 978-9391256456<br />
| image = Mithun Chakraborty, The Dada of Bollywood front cover.jpeg<br />
| caption = <br />
| series = <br />
| pages = 206<br />
| preceded_by = <br />
| followed_by = <br />
| awards = <br />
| pub_date = 10 August 2021<br />
}}<br />
'''''Mithun Chakraborty: The Dada of Bollywood''''' is a biographical book about Bollywood actor [[Mithun Chakraborty]], written by filmmaker [[Ram Kamal Mukherjee]]. The book was released by Rupa Publisher in August 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mithun Chakraborty biography to be out in August |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2021/jun/17/30081 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830161203/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2021/jun/17/30081 |url-status=live |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=26 August 2021|title=এবার দু'মলাটে মিঠুনের জীবনী! 'বলিউডের দাদা'-র সব অজানা গল্প শোনাবেন রামকমল|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/ram-kamal-mukherjee-officially-launched-his-latest-book-a-biography-mithun-chakraborty-the-dada-of-bollywood-31629975646918.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826173941/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/ram-kamal-mukherjee-officially-launched-his-latest-book-a-biography-mithun-chakraborty-the-dada-of-bollywood-31629975646918.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 August 2021|access-date=30 August 2021|website=Hindustantimes Bangla|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=21 August 2021|title='কিছুই অ্যাচিভ করতে পারিনি' বায়োগ্রাফি লেখা হোক চাননি Mithun Chakraborty|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/entertainment/mithuthe-biography-of-mithun-chakraborty-is-released-by-author-ram-kamal-mukherjee_399563.html|access-date=30 August 2021|website=Zee24Ghanta.com|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mithun Chakraborty's Biographer Ram Kamal Mukherjee: 'Zeenat Aman Was The First Big Actress To Say Yes To Work With Him'-EXCLUSIVE|url=https://www.spotboye.com/bollywood/news/mithun-chakraborty-s-biographer-ram-kamal-mukherjee-zeenat-aman-was-the-first-big-actress-to-say-yes-to-work-with-him-exclusive/6128e9770ecaf427ca7a0451|access-date=30 August 2021|website=www.spotboye.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=23 August 2021|title=Ram Kamal writes Mithun Chakraborty's biography|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/snippets-digital/ram-kamal-writes-mithun-chakrabortys-biography/2021/08/23|access-date=30 August 2021|website=IWMBuzz|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Correspondent|first=BizAsia|date=24 August 2021|title=Ram Kamal Mukherjee launches Mithun Chakraborty biography|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/ram-kamal-mukherjee-launches-mithun-chakraborty-biography/|access-date=30 August 2021|website=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Brit, Events and Music|language=en-GB}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian biographies]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian books]]<br />
<br />
{{actor-bio-book-stub}}</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bajpur_railway_station&diff=475796Bajpur railway station2026-02-05T04:14:16Z<p>RobbyAyres: adjust references after review additionally and cleaned formatting</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Railway station in Uttarakhand, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox station<br />
| name = Bajpur Railway Station <br />
| type = [[Indian Railways]] station<br />
| style = Indian Railways<br />
| image = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|100px]]<br />
| image_caption = Indian Railways logo<br />
| address = [[Bajpur]], [[Uttarakhand]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|29.1579|79.1465|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br />
| line = <br />
| other = Auto stand<br />
| elevation = {{convert|231|m|ft}}<br />
| structure = [[Intersection_(road)#At_grade_railways|At grade]]<br />
| platform = 2<br />
| depth =<br />
| levels =<br />
| tracks = Single diesel [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|broad gauge]]<br />
| parking = No<br />
| bicycle = No<br />
| opened =<br />
| closed =<br />
| rebuilt =<br />
| electrified = Under construction <br />
| accessible =<br />
| code = {{Indian railway code<br />
| code = BPZ<br />
| zone = [[Northern Eastern Railway zone|Northern Eastern Railway]]<br />
| division = {{rwd|Izzatnagar}}<br />
}}<br />
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]<br />
| zone = [[North Eastern Railway zone|North Eastern Railway]]<br />
| operator = [[Izzatnagar railway division]]<br />
| status = Functioning<br />
| former = <br />
| passengers =<br />
| pass_year =<br />
| pass_percent =<br />
| pass_system =<br />
| mpassengers =<br />
| services = <!-- Only use S-rail/S-line Templates here, without start or end --><br />
}}<br />
'''Bajpur Railway Station''' is a small railway station in [[Udham Singh Nagar district]], [[Uttarakhand]]. Its code is '''BPZ'''. It serves [[Bajpur]] city. The station consists of 2 platforms. The platform is not well sheltered. It lacks many facilities including water and sanitation.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/bazpur-bpz/4651| title=BPZ/Bazpur| website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://uttaranchaltoday.com/hn/2015/08/02/20-km-distance-will-be-reduced-in-between-kashipur-and-haldwani/| title=इस तरह 20 किमी और नजदीक आएंगे काशीपुर और हल्द्वानी| language=hi| trans-title=20 km distance will be reduced in between Kashipur and Haldwani| website=Uttaranchal Today| date=2 August 2015| access-date=17 March 2016| archive-date=3 May 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503123211/http://uttaranchaltoday.com/hn/2015/08/02/20-km-distance-will-be-reduced-in-between-kashipur-and-haldwani/| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://epaper.amarujala.com/svww_zoomart.php?Artname=20150501a_017117016&ileft=342&itop=461&zoomRatio=222&AN=20150501a_017117016| title=Amarujala}}{{dead link|date=September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/moradabad-city-10842809.html| website=Jagran News| title=बाजपुर में भी रुकेगी लालकुआंअमृतसर एक्सप्रेस| language=hi| date=6 November 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Major trains ==<br />
* Kashipur–Lalkuan Passenger (unreserved)<br />
* [[Lalkuan–Amritsar Express]]<br />
* Moradabad–Kathgodam Passenger (via Kashipur) (unreserved)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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{{Railway stations in Uttarakhand}}<br />
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[[Category:Railway stations in Udham Singh Nagar district]]<br />
[[Category:Izzatnagar railway division]]<br />
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{{Uttarakhand-railstation-stub}}</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir&diff=457353List of lieutenant governors of Jammu and Kashmir2026-02-04T22:46:59Z<p>RobbyAyres: cleaned up article to improve readability and fixed typos as per guidelines</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[List of governors of Jammu and Kashmir#Lieutenant Governors of Jammu and Kashmir]]{{Redirect category shell|{{R from merge}}{{R to section}}}}</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiruvalithayam_Tiruvallesvarar_Temple&diff=541552Tiruvalithayam Tiruvallesvarar Temple2026-01-29T12:11:28Z<p>RobbyAyres: done</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Shiva temple in Chennai district, Tamil Nadu, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox Hindu temple<br />
| name = Tiruvalithayam<br />
| image = Tirumullaivayil1.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu<br />
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|13|06|N|80|11|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| district = [[Chennai]]<br />
| locale = Padi<br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| deity = Valleswarar ([[Shiva]])<br />Jagathambikai ([[Parvathi]]) <br />
| festivals= <br />
| architecture = [[Tamilan architecture]]<br />
| temple_quantity = <br />
| monument_quantity= <br />
| inscriptions = <br />
| year_completed = <br />
| creator = <br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Tiruvalithayam Tiruvallesvarar Temple''' is a temple dedicated to the Hindu deity [[Shiva]], located at [[Padi, Chennai|Padi]], a north-western neighbourhood of [[Chennai]], [[India]].<ref>''Census of India, 1961, Volume 7; Volume 9''</ref> Shiva is worshiped as Tiruvalleswarar, and is represented by the ''[[lingam]]'' and his consort [[Parvati]] is depicted as Jagathambikai. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th-century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the ''[[Tevaram]]'', written by Tamil poet saints known as the [[nayanars]] and classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]''.<br />
<br />
The temple is associated with sage [[Bharadwaja]], who worshipped the presiding deity in the form of a sparrow, giving the name Thiruvalithayam to the temple. There are many inscriptions associated with the temple indicating contributions from [[Cholas]]. The oldest parts of the present masonry structure were built during the [[Chola dynasty]] during the 11th century, while later expansions, are attributed to later periods.<br />
<br />
The temple houses a three-tiered gateway tower known as ''[[gopuram]]''. The temple has numerous shrines, with those of Tiruvalleswarar and Jagadambiga being the most prominent. The temple complex houses many halls and two precincts. The temple has four daily rituals at various times from 6:30 a.m. to 8 p.m., and five yearly festivals on its calendar. The Brahmotsavam during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of Chittirai is the most prominent festival celebrated in the temple. The temple is now maintained and administered by [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<br />
<br />
==Legend==<br />
As per [[Hindu]] legend, the sage [[Bharadwaja]] worshipped the presiding deity in the form of a sparrow named Valiyan. The place was hence called Valithayam, meaning the one worshipped by a sparrow. Padi historically is referred to the place used to store armory. The God here is worshipped by [[Rama]], [[Bharadwaja]], [[Hanuman]], [[Surya]], [[Chandra]], [[Indra]], and Valiyan. During the medieval times, the place was the site for multiple wars, which raged the structure of the temple. As per [[Tamil language|Tamil]], the Tiruvaipaadi is called ''Padi'', which lead to the modern name of the place.<ref name=M>{{cite book|title=Mukkiyamana Thalangal 48|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oma2q6b-RTgC|pages=39–41|publisher=Namrmadha Publication|location =Chennai|year=2011|last=V. |first=Narayanaswamy}}</ref> As per another legend, Planet Jupiter who was cursed by Menaka. On the advice of Markendeya, he reached this place, got a dip and worshipped the presiding deity and got relief from the curse. Devotees pray to the Jupiter to get remedy for their relief from sins.<ref name="dinamalar"/> The historic name of the place is Thiruvalidayil, which went on to become Thiruvalithayam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Arunagirinathar wrote Thirupugazh verses here|year= 2016|publisher= New Indian Express |location=Chennai India|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A456440792/STND?u=wikipedia&sid=ebsco&xid=a9c6cbe6|accessdate=22 Jan 2022}}{{Subscription required|via=Gale}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The original structure of the temple is believed to have been built by The temple is closely associated with [[Rajaraja Chola III]]. There are 14 inscriptions from the Chola empire, with the oldest dating back to Tribuvana Chakravarthy Vijayakanda Gopalan who donated multiple jewels to Nachiyar. The inscriptions are counted as 214-28 of 1910. As per the inscriptions, during the regime of Rajaraja III, the temple was in a place called Chintamanipuram. The temple is referred as Ambattur Nadu, Puzhar kottam and Jayamkonda Cholapuram in various inscriptions.<ref name=M/> The inscriptions denote the presiding deity as Thiruvalithamudaya Nayanar and the Ambal as Thiruveethi Nachiyar. During the period of Rajaraja, a devotee named Chalukya Naranan Yathavarayan donated two houses and two gardens to the temple. The other inscriptions indicate gifts in the form of lamps, food and gold to the temple by various devotees and ruling kings.<ref name=Thevaram/><br />
<br />
==Architecture==<br />
The temple is located in Padi, a neighbourhood in Chennai and the nearest railhead, [[Korattur]] is 2.2&nbsp;km away from the temple. The temple covers an area of close to an {{convert|1|acre|ha|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite book|title=Madras, Chennai: A 400-year Record of the First City of Modern India, Volume 1|editor-last=S.|editor-first=Muthiah|page=107|publisher=Palaniappa Brothers|year=2008|isbn=9788183794688}}</ref> The temple has three ''[[prakarams]]'' (closed precincts of a temple) and many ''mandapams'' (halls). The temple faces east and is entered via a three-tiered pyramidal ''raja[[gopuram]]'' (gateway tower). The presiding deity in the form of [[lingam]] is housed in the sanctum in Gajabrashta shape (sitting pose of an elephant). The attached hall, the ''ardhamandapa'' measures the same width as the sanctum, while its length is twice the sanctum. The ''ardhamandapa'' projects towards the east. The ''Mukhamandapa'' has a square structure. There are five ''devakoshtas'' that cover the exterior walls of the sanctum. The images of [[Dakshinamurthy]] and [[Brahma]] are the only ones remaining out of the five. There is a separate shrine of [[Somaskanda]] in the temple. The presiding deity of the temple is Tiruvallesvarar, housed in the sactum. The consort is Jagadambika is located in a parallel shrine. There is a view point from where both the deities can be viewed.<ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|pages=395–6}}</ref> The temple has four bodies of water associated with it. The principal water tank is called Bharathwaja Theertham, while the other three are Brahma Theertham, Agasthiya Theertham and Sheera Nadhi.<ref name="dinamalar"/> The temple has a separate shrine for [[Dakshinamurthy]] (Guru).<ref name=Hindu>{{cite web|title=Guru Stalam in Chennai|publisher=Hindu Tamil|accessdate=5 September 2021|date=14 October 2019|url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/spirituals/520067-paadi-guru.html}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Worship practices and religious importance==<br />
[[File:Tiruvalithayam1.jpg|250px|thumb|Thiruvalithayam temple Gajabrastha viamana]]<br />
The temple priests perform the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. Like other Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Shaiva]] community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed four times a day; Ushathkalam at 6:30&nbsp;a.m., Kalasanthi at 8:00&nbsp;a.m., Uchikalam at 12:00&nbsp;p.m., Sayarakshai at 5:00&nbsp;p.m., and Ardha Jamam at 8:00&nbsp;p.m. Each ritual comprises four steps: ''[[abhisheka]]'' (sacred bath), ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''[[Naivedhya|naivethanam]]'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Tiruvalleswarar and Jagadambika. The worship is held amidst music with ''[[nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument), religious instructions in the [[Vedas]] (sacred texts) read by priests and prostration by worshipers in front of the temple mast. There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' (Monday) and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'' (Friday), fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'' and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''kiruthigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''sathurthi''. Mahashivaratri during February–March are the other festivals celebrated in the temple. The Brahmotsavam during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of Chittirai is the most prominent festival celebrated in the temple.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri valleswarar temple|publisher=Dinamalar|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=133|year=2019|accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Campantar|Tirugnana Sambandar]], the 7th-century Tamil ''Saivite'' poet, venerated Thiruvalleswarar, which are compiled in the ''[[Tirumurai]]''.<ref name=Thevaram>{{cite web|title=Thiruvalithayam|publisher=Dharumapuram Adheenam|url=http://thevaaram.org/thirumurai_1/koil_view.php?koil_idField=246|date=25 April 2020}}</ref> As the temple is revered in ''Tevaram'', it is classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]'', one of the 275 temples that find mention in the Saiva canon. The temple history has been compiled by Kalyanasundara Mudaliyar.<ref name=M/> The temple is frequented during Thursdays by devotees as it is counted as the Guru Stala in Chennai.<ref name=Hindu/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Heritage structures in Chennai]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|20em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
[https://aanmeegam.org/en/shiv/thiruvalleswarar-thiruvalithayam/ Thiruvalithayam Thiruvalleswarar Temple - Aanmeegam.org]<br />
<br />
[https://sanatana.faith/padal-petra-sthalam/thiruvalithayam/ Thiruvalithayam Padal Petra Stalam]<br />
<br />
{{Famous Shiva temples}}<br />
{{Chennai Topics}}<br />
{{Places of worship in Chennai}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hindu temples in Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam| ]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=6th_National_Film_Awards&diff=4730106th National Film Awards2026-01-20T21:01:30Z<p>RobbyAyres: cleanup</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian ceremony celebrating cinema of 1958}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox film awards<br />
| number = 6<br />
| award = National Film Awards<br />
| image = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| awarded_for = Best of Indian cinema in 1958<br />
| award_org = [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]]<br />
| presenting_org = [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br/>{{small|([[President of India]])}}<br />
| announced_date = <br />
| presented_date = {{Start date|df=yes|1959|04|28}}<br />
| site = [[Vigyan Bhavan]], [[New Delhi]]<br />
| host = <br />
| website = [http://dff.nic.in/ dff.nic.in]<br />
| lifetime_achievement = <br />
| best_feature = ''[[The Holy Island|Sagar Sangamey]]''<br />
| best_non_feature =<br />
| most_wins = {{*}}''[[Jalsaghar]]''<br/>{{*}}''Sagar Sangamey''<br/>{{*}}''[[School Master (1958 film)|School Master]]'' (2)<br />
| last = 5th<br />
| next = 7th<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''6th [[National Film Awards]]''', then known as '''State Awards for Films''', presented by [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India]] to felicitate the best of [[Cinema of India|Indian Cinema]] released in the year 1958.<ref name="6thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6thNFAAward.aspx|title=6th National Film Awards|publisher=[[International Film Festival of India]]|access-date=3 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020054317/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=20 October 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ceremony took place at [[Vigyan Bhavan]], [[New Delhi]] on 28 April 1959 and awards were given by then [[President of India]], Dr. [[Rajendra Prasad]].<br />
<br />
== Awards ==<br />
<br />
Awards were divided into feature films and non-feature films.<br />
<br />
President's Gold Medal for the All India Best Feature Film is now better known as [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film]], whereas President's Gold Medal for the Best Documentary Film is analogous to today's [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film]]. For children's films, Prime Minister's Gold Medal is now given as [[National Film Award for Best Children's Film]]. At the regional level, President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film is now given as National Film Award for Best Feature Film in a particular language. Certificate of Merit in all the categories is discontinued over the years.<br />
<br />
=== Feature films ===<br />
<br />
Feature films were awarded at All India as well as regional level. For the 6th National Film Awards, in this category, two [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali films]] ''[[The Holy Island|Sagar Sangamey]]'' and ''[[Jalsaghar]]'' along with a [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada film]] ''[[School Master (1958 film)|School Master]]'' won maximum number of awards (two), with ''[[The Holy Island|Sagar Sangamey]]'' also winning the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|President's Gold Medal for the All India Best Feature Film]]. Following were the awards given:<ref name="6thaward"/><br />
<br />
==== All India Award ====<br />
<br />
Following were the awards given in each category:<ref name="6thaward"/><br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"<br />
|-<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:36%;"|Award<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:16%;"|Film<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:7%;"|Language<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:22%;"|Awardee(s)<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:19%;"|Cash prize<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|President's Gold Medal for the All India Best Feature Film]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|''[[Sagar Sangamey]]''<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br />
|[[Film producer|Producer]]: De Luxe Film Distributors<br />
|Gold Medal and {{INR}}20,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|[[Film director|Director]]: [[Debaki Bose]]<br />
|{{INR}}5,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film|All India Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|''[[Jalsaghar]]''<br />
|rowspan="2"|Bengali<br />
|Producer: [[Satyajit Ray]]<br />
|Certificate of Merit and {{INR}}10,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|Director: Satyajit Ray<br />
|{{INR}}2,500<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Discontinued and Intermittent National Film Awards#Third Best Feature Film|All India Certificate of Merit for Third Best Feature film]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|''[[School Master (1958 film)|School Master]]''<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Kannada language|Kannada]]<br />
|Producer: [[B. R. Panthulu]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|Certificate of Merit only<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|Director: B. R. Panthulu<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Children's Film|All India Certificate of Merit for Best Children's Film]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|''Virsa and the Magic Doll''<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[English language|English]]<br />
|Producer: Little Cinema Pvt Ltd.<br />
|rowspan="2"|Certificate of Merit only<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|Director: Santi P. Chowdhury<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Regional Award ====<br />
<br />
The awards were given to the best films made in the [[Languages of India|regional languages of India]]. For 6th National Film Awards, President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film was not given in [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Tamil language]]; instead Certificate of Merit was awarded in each particular language.<ref name="6thaward"/><br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:37%"|Award<br />
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:19%"|Film<br />
! scope="col" colspan="2" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:34%"|Awardee(s)<br />
|-<br />
!scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;" | Producer<br />
!scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;" | Director<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|colspan="43"|'''''[[Cinema of Assam|Feature Films in Assamese]]'''''<br />
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"<br />
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Assamese|President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film]]<br />
|''Ronga Police''<br />
|Kanak Ch. Sharma<br />
|Nip Barua<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|colspan="4"|'''''[[Cinema of West Bengal|Feature Films in Bengali]]'''''<br />
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"<br />
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali|President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film in Bengali]]<br />
|''[[Sagar Sangamey]]''<br />
|De Luxe Film Distributors Ltd.<br />
|[[Debaki Bose]]<br />
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"<br />
|rowspan="2"|Certificate of Merit<br />
|''[[Jalsaghar]]''<br />
|[[Satyajit Ray]]<br />
|Satyajit Ray<br />
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"<br />
|''Daak Harkara''<br />
|Agragami Productions<br />
|Agragami<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|colspan="4"|'''''[[Bollywood|Feature Films in Hindi]]'''''<br />
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"<br />
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film]]<br />
|''[[Madhumati]]''<br />
|[[Bimal Roy]]<br />
|Bimal Roy<br />
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"<br />
|rowspan="2"|Certificate of Merit<br />
|''[[Lajwanti]]''<br />
|Mohan Segal<br />
|[[Narendra Suri]]<br />
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"<br />
|''Karigar''<br />
|[[Vasant Joglekar]]<br />
|Vasant Joglekar<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|colspan="4"|'''''[[Cinema of Karnataka|Feature Films in Kannada]]'''''<br />
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"<br />
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada|President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film]]<br />
|''[[School Master (1958 film)|School Master]]''<br />
|[[B. R. Panthulu|B. R. Panthalu]]<br />
|B. R. Panthalu<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|colspan="4"|'''''[[Malayalam cinema|Feature Films in Malayalam]]'''''<br />
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam|Certificate of Merit]]<br />
|''[[Nairu Pidicha Pulivalu]]''<br />
|[[T. E. Vasudevan]]<br />
|[[P. Bhaskaran]]<br />
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"<br />
|''[[Randidangazhi (film)|Randidangazhi]]''<br />
|[[Merryland Studio|Neela Productions]]<br />
|[[P. Subramaniam]]<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|colspan="4"|'''''[[Marathi cinema|Feature Films in Marathi]]'''''<br />
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi|Certificate of Merit]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|''Dhakti Jaoo''<br />
|Sarvashri Wamanrao Kulkarni<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Anant Mane]]<br />
|-<br />
|Vishnupant Chavan<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|colspan="4"|'''''[[Tamil cinema|Feature Films in Tamil]]'''''<br />
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil|Certificate of Merit]]<br />
|''[[Thanga Padhumai]]''<br />
|Jupitor Pictures Pvt Ltd.<br />
|[[A. S. A. Samy]]<br />
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"<br />
|''[[Annaiyin Aanai]]''<br />
|A. M. M. Ismayil<br />
|C. H. Narayana Moorthy<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|colspan="4"|'''''[[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Feature Films in Telugu]]'''''<br />
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"<br />
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu|President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film]]<br />
|''[[Pelli Naati Pramanalu]]''<br />
|Jayanthi Pictures Pvt Ltd.<br />
|[[K. V. Reddy]]<br />
|- style="background-color:#FCFCFC"<br />
|Certificate of Merit<br />
|''[[Mangalya Balam]]''<br />
|[[D. Madhusudhana Rao|Annapoorna Pictures]]<br />
|[[Adurthi Subba Rao]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Non-Feature films ===<br />
<br />
Non-feature film awards were given for the documentaries made in the country. Following were the awards given:<ref name="6thaward"/><br />
<br />
==== Documentaries ====<br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"<br />
|-<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:40%;"|Award<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:14%;"|Film<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:7%;"|Language<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"|Awardee(s)<br />
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:19%;"|Cash prize<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film|President's Gold Medal for the Best Documentary Film]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|''Radha Krishna''<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[English language|English]]<br />
|Producer: [[Films Division of India|Films Division]]<br />
|Gold Medal and {{INR}}4,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|Director: J. S. Bhownagary<br />
|{{INR}}1,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|rowspan="3"|All India Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Documentary Film<br />
|rowspan="3"|''The Story of Dr. Karve''<br />
|rowspan="3"|English<br />
|Producer: Films Division<br />
|Certificate of Merit and {{INR}}2,000<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|Director: Neil Gokhale<br />
|rowspan="2"|{{INR}}500<br />
|-<br />
|Director: Ram Gabale<br />
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"<br />
|All India Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Documentary Film<br />
|''Call of the Mountains''<br />
|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br />
|Producer: Films Division<br/>Director: A. K. Chaudhuri<br />
|Certificate of Merit only<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Awards not given ===<br />
<br />
Following awards were not given as no film was found to be suitable for the award:<ref name="6thaward"/><br />
<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
* [[National Film Award for Best Children's Film|Prime Minister's Gold Medal for the Best Children's Film]]<br />
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi|President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film in Marathi]]<br />
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam|President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film in Malayalam]]<br />
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil|President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film in Tamil]]<br />
{{colend}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://dff.nic.in/Archive.aspx National Film Awards Archives]<br />
* [https://dff.nic.in Official Page for Directorate of Film Festivals, India]<br />
<br />
{{National Film Awards}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:National Film Awards (India) ceremonies]]<br />
[[Category:1959 in Indian cinema]]<br />
[[Category:1959 film awards|National Film Awards]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vaishnavi_(Tamil_actress)&diff=460059Vaishnavi (Tamil actress)2026-01-18T18:49:24Z<p>RobbyAyres: corrected references based on references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Tamil actress}}<br />
{{Other uses|Vaishnavi (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Vaishnavi<br />
| image = Vaishnavi (Tamil actress).jpg<br />
| imagesize = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birthname = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1984|2|2|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = <br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2006|4|17|1984|2|2}}<br />
| death_place = [[Anna Nagar]], [[Chennai]], India<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Vaishnavi''' (2 February 1984{{spaced ndash}}17 April 2006) was an Indian television actress. She appeared in several Tamil serials and Tamil films to her credit.<br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Vaishnavi appeared in the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] serials ''Anni'', ''Muhurtham'', and ''Malargal''. She acted in many TV serials and also acted as [[Sherin]]'s friend in the film ''[[Whistle (2003 film)|Whistle]]''. She was also the video jockey for the comedy programme titled ''Kondattam'' on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] which used to be broadcast every Sunday at 5PM.<br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
Vaishnavi apparently committed suicide at the age of 22, at her residence in Chennai on 17 April 2006. On 19 April 2006, Dev Anand (serial actor) was arrested for allegedly abetting Vaishnavi's death. Vaishnavi's parents and her younger sister had been to her grandfather's house to celebrate his birthday, when she was alone at home and hanged herself. Serial actor Dev Anand accused of instigating her to commit suicide.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.televisionpoint.com/news2006/newsfullstory.php?id=1145431142|title=A last tribute to TV star Vaishnavi|date=2006-04-19|publisher=televisionpoint.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/04/20/stories/2006042020400400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060421151950/http://www.hindu.com/2006/04/20/stories/2006042020400400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 April 2006|title= TV artist held for Vaishnavi's death| location=Chennai, India|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=20 April 2006}}</ref><br />
<br />
In November 2011, Dev Anand was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment on charges of abetting the death of Vaishnavi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-11-01 |title=TV actor gets 5-year jail for abetting suicide |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tv-actor-gets-5-year-jail-for-abetting-suicide/articleshow/10563403.cms |access-date=2023-12-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"<br />
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Role<br />
!class=unsortable| Notes<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2001 || ''[[Dheena]]'' || Vaishnavi||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[12B]]'' || Shakti's sister ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2002 || ''[[Baba (2002 film)|Baba]]'' || Bhuwaneshwari ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mounam Pesiyadhe]]'' || Sudhakar's girlfriend ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2003 || ''[[Kadhal Sadugudu]]'' || Suresh's friend ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Whistle (2003 film)|Whistle]]'' || Shwetha ||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Television ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Year !! Serial !! Role !! Language !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2002|| [[Anni (TV series)|''Anni'']] || Sister || rowspan="4" |[[Tamil (language)|Tamil]] || [[Jaya TV]]<br />
|-Ch<br />
| 2004-2005 || ''Manaivi'' || Neelaveni || rowspan="3" | [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2005-2006 || ''Muhurtham'' ||Priya <br />
|-<br />
| ''Malargal'' ||Vidya Ramesh <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
<!-- ==External links== --><br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaishnavi}}<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Indian child actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:1986 births]]<br />
[[Category:2006 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Suicides by hanging in India]]<br />
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]<br />
[[Category:2006 suicides]]<br />
[[Category:Artists who died by suicide]]<br />
<br />
{{India-screen-actor-stub}}</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pandanallur_style&diff=464945Pandanallur style2026-01-16T04:24:52Z<p>RobbyAyres: added content further and fixed typos for accuracy</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Style of Bharatanatyam dance}}<br />
{{Refimprove|date=February 2007}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br />
The '''Pandanallur style''' is a style of [[Bharatanatyam]] [[Indian classical dance|Indian dance]]. It is mainly attributed to [[Dance Guru Meenakshi sundaram Pillai]] (1869–1964), a dance guru who lived in the village of [[Pandanallur]], in the [[Thanjavur district]] in the [[south India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Elegance personified |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/03/11/stories/2005031101410300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050406101426/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/03/11/stories/2005031101410300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 April 2005 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=11 Mar 2005 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Style==<br />
The Pandanallur style developed a reputation for the emphasis on linear geometry that can be found in the ''adavu'' technique, and for its intensity and understatement in ''abhinaya''.<br />
<br />
The Pandanallur style is renowned for its choreography, which include such highly regarded pieces as the Nine or Ten Tanjore Quartet ''pada-varnams''. These works featured choreography by Pillai, who named the dramatic choreography "hands," and was also responsible for the ''adavu'' choreography for the ''swara'' passages.<br />
<br />
Part of their heritage is the valuable jatiswarams (in ''ragams [[Vasantha (raga)|Vasantha]], [[Saveri]], [[Chakravakam (raga)|Chakravakam]], [[Mechakalyani|Kalyani]], [[Bhairavi (Carnatic)|Bhairavi]]''), which incorporate abstract ''adavu'' choreography.<br />
<br />
Pandanallur style gives a lot of importance to abinayaha. Moreover, stamping the foot hard against the floor is discouraged in this style. Instead, slow movements are used to make the salangai (ankle bells) give out a lot of sound. The strong footwork, where every step is marked, is a result of the style's main features of exactness and accuracy to bring out rhythmic vitality, as the dancer is required to have a natural rhythmic body of expression.<br />
<br />
==Teachers==<br />
Meenakshisundaram Pillai, whose ancestors were nattuvanars, was a descendant from the [[Thanjavur Quartet]], which comprised four brothers: Chinnaiah, Ponniah, Sivanandam and Vadivel.<ref name=lineage>{{cite web|title=Guru - Artistic Lineage|author= Urvi Pathak|url=http://satvikamshivam.weebly.com/guru---artistic-lineage.html|website=Satvikamshivam.weebly.com | date=2012}}</ref> The works of these four brothers, who were court composers in the early 19th century in Thanjavur, form the main classical masterpieces of Bharata Natyam.<br />
<br />
Baroda Guru Kubernath Tanjorkar (1916 - 2007), a disciple of Pillai, later established Tanjor Dance Music & Art Research Centre in Baroda, Gujarat. Thiruvallaputhur Swaminatha Pillai, also known as T.K.Swaminatha Pillai, was one of the leading disciples of Pillai. He learned Bharathanatiyam under the Gurukula of Pillai for more than ten years. He also mentored [[Ram Gopal (dancer)|Ram Gopal]], who became one of the pioneers of Indian dance in the west.<ref name=deccan>{{cite news |title=Ram Gopal: the legend |author=Leela Ramanathan |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov02/at4.asp |publisher=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=26 October 2003 |access-date=17 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505104959/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov02/at4.asp |archive-date=5 May 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=hindu>{{cite news |title=Ambassador of Indian dance |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/ambassador-of-indian-dance/article28574613.ece | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=24 October 2003 | first=Leela | last=Venkataraman | accessdate=6 July 2020 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Pillai was said to have been trained by his uncle, Kumarasamy Nattuvanar. He trained several famous Bharata Natyam dancers, including Devadasis such as Pandanallur Jayalakshmi, Thangachi Ammal, Sabaranjitam, as well as people from other castes such as [[Mrinalini Sarabhai]], Rukmini Devi, Tara Chaudhri.<br />
<br />
After Pillai, his son-in-law Chokkalingam Pillai (1893–1968) became the doyen Guru of the Pandanallur style. His leading dancer-student was Mambalam Geetha. He trained other leading dancers such as G. Kausalya, Sucharita, and [[Indrani Rehman]]. He shifted to Madras and propagated his dance throughout the region.<br />
<br />
Subbaraya Pillai (1914–2008), Chokkalingam Pillai's son, was the next leading Guru of the Pandanallur style. He grew up in the village of Pandanallur and was an apprentice under his grandfather and father. He trained leading dancers such as [[Alarmel Valli]] and [[Meenakshi Chitharanjan]]. His granddaughter Vanitha Rajasekar teaches dance in Valasaravakkam, Chennai-87 and other regions of Tamil Nadu.<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20031231133349/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/10/03/stories/2003100301780400.htm Guardian of Pandanallur tradition] ''[[The Hindu]]''<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandanallur Style}}<br />
[[Category:Classical dance genres of India]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatanatyam styles]]<br />
[[Category:Thanjavur district]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afsal&diff=484768Afsal2026-01-08T00:01:42Z<p>RobbyAyres: started new info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian film singer in Malayalam cinema}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox musical artist<br />
| name = Afsal<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gaana.com/artist/afsal |title=Afsal Songs Download: Afsal Hit MP3 New Songs Online Free on |publisher=Gaana.com |date= |accessdate=2022-08-23}}</ref><br />
| native_name = <br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| image_size = 240px<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = 14 April 1974<br />
| birth_place = [[Kochi]], Kerala, India<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}}<br />
| instrument = Vocals<br />
| genre = [[Playback singer|Playback singing]], [[Carnatic music]]<br />
| occupation = Singer<br />
| years_active = 2000–present<br />
| label = Audiotracs<br />
}}<br />
'''Afsal''' '''Ismail''' is an Indian film singer in [[Malayalam cinema]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2014/aug/02/afsal-cheers-up-special-schoolchildren-with-toe-tapping-songs-642802.html | title=Afsal cheers up special schoolchildren with toe-tapping songs | date=2 August 2014 | newspaper=The New Indian Express | access-date=4 September 2018 }}</ref> His first film song was "Kannilambum Villum" for the movie ''Valyettan'' in 2000. He has sung more than 250 movie songs.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.indiaglitz.com/fun-song-from-udayon-enthrals-malayalam-news-16326| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140908043137/http://www.indiaglitz.com/fun-song-from-udayon-enthrals-malayalam-news-16326| archive-date = 2014-09-08| title = Fun song from 'Udayon' enthrals - Malayalam Movie News - IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metromatinee.com/artist/Afsal-21 |title=Afsal:Profile and Biography, Malayalam Movie Singer Afsal latest Photo Gallery &#124; Video Gallery, Malayalam Movie Singer Afsal, Afsal Filimography, Afsal Films and Cinemas, Afsal Awards and Nominations |access-date=7 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907143342/http://www.metromatinee.com/artist/Afsal-21 |archive-date=7 September 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> His popular songs include <br />
"Kai thudi thalam", "En Karalil Raakshasi", "Ishtamalleda Enikkishtamalleda", "Shaaba Shaaba", Meharuba, chirimanimulle, "Penne en penne, manassilayiram,<br />
veluveluthorupennu and jillam jillala <br />
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mathrubhuminews.in/ee/ReadMore/5663 |title=Mathrubhumi: ReadMore -'Afsal and Mridula on ''Parangimala'' |website=mathrubhuminews.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907150305/http://mathrubhuminews.in/ee/ReadMore/5663 |archive-date=2014-09-07}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Discography==<br />
{{main|Afsal discography}}<br />
Following is a partial discography:<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:10%;"|'''Year'''<br />
! style="width:45%;"|'''Film'''<br />
! style="width:45%;"|'''Song'''<br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
| ''[[Valyettan]]''<br />
| ''Kannilambum Villum''<br />
|-<br />
| 2001<br />
| ''[[Sundara Purushan (2001 film)|Sundara Purushan]]''<br />
| ''Konchedi konchum ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2001<br />
| ''House Owner''<br />
| ''Koodilloru Koo Koo Pakshi ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2001<br />
| ''The Campus''<br />
| ''Plus Two Kazhinjappol ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2002<br />
| ''[[Kalyanaraman (2002 film)|Kalyanaraman]]''<br />
| ''Kai thudi thalam ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2002<br />
| ''[[Nammal]]''<br />
| ''Raakshasi [En Karalil] ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2002<br />
| ''[[Jagathy Jagadeesh in Town]]''<br />
| ''Idiminnalaay Kodi Paratheedam ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| ''[[Swapnakkoodu]]''<br />
| ''Ishtamalleda Enikkishtamalleda ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| ''[[Pattanathil Sundaran]]''<br />
| ''Mullappoovin motte ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| ''[[Pulival Kalyanam]]''<br />
| ''Thevaaratheruvu ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| ''[[Pulival Kalyanam]]''<br />
| ''Aarundiniyaarundu ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| ''Valathottu Thirinjal Nalamathe Veedu''<br />
| ''Pennaayaal ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| ''Valathottu Thirinjal Nalamathe Veedu''<br />
| ''Kotta Kothalam ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| ''[[Swantham Maalavika]]''<br />
| ''Chirikku Chirikku Midukki ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''[[Swarna Medal (2004 film)|Swarna Medal]]''<br />
| ''Thillaana Thillana ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''Students''<br />
| ''Internetil ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''Students''<br />
| ''Laisa laisa...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''[[Vismayathumbathu]]''<br />
| ''Etho Kaliyarangin [Nayika Nee] ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''[[Mayilattam (film)|Mayilattam]]''<br />
| ''Maattupetti koyilile ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''[[Nammal Thammil]]''<br />
| ''Kabadi Kabadi ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''[[Perumazhakkalam]]''<br />
| ''Meharuba Mehruba...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''[[Chathikkatha Chanthu]]''<br />
| ''Hosaina Hosaina ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''[[Vajram (2004 film)|Vajram]]''<br />
| ''Priyathama ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''[[Runway (2004 film)|Runway]]''<br />
| ''Shaaba Shaaba ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''Thudakkam''<br />
| ''Kochiyilum kandilla ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''[[Natturajavu]]''<br />
| ''Hey Raaja Ney Raaja ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''[[Monalisa (film)|Monalisa]]''<br />
| ''Oh priyathame ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| ''[[Pandippada]]''<br />
| ''Panchayathile.., Mele mukilin.., Mayilin..''<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| ''[[Rappakal]]''<br />
| ''Pokaathe kariyila kaatte...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| ''[[The Campus (2005 film)|The Campus]]''<br />
| ''Jayam Nammalude...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| ''[[Thommanum Makkalum]]''<br />
| ''Karppaka Malare..''<br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
| ''[[Chotta Mumbai]]''<br />
| ''Vasco Da Gama..''<br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
| ''[[Inspector Garud]]''<br />
| ''Kanthari Penne...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
| ''[[Kangaroo (2007 film)|Kangaroo]]''<br />
| ''Kakkiyittoru autokaran...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| ''[[Kaaryasthan]]''<br />
| ''Thenikkappuram..''<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| ''[[Ithu Manthramo Thanthramo Kuthanthramo]]''<br />
| ''Tiltle Song''<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| ''[[Karuman Kasappan]]''<br />
| ''Laletta Laletta ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| ''[[Mayamohini]]''<br />
| ''Harahara Shambho ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| ''[[Sringaravelan]]''<br />
| ''Ashakushale Pennundo ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2015<br />
| ''[[Ivan Maryadaraman]]''<br />
| ''Ezhazhakulla ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2015<br />
| ''[[Bhaskar the Rascal]]''<br />
| ''Manassil Aayiram ...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
| ''[[Two Countries]]''<br />
| ''Veluveluthoru pennu...''<br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
| ''[[Fukri]]''<br />
| ''Onnichalle..''<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Television Shows as Judge==<br />
*Mylanchy (Asianet)<br />
*Pathinalam Raavu ( Media One)<br />
*[[Top Singer (TV series)|Flowers Top Singer]] (Flowers TV)<br />
*Paadam Namukku Paadam (Mazhavil Manorama)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb name|1646692}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Afsal}}<br />
[[Category:Malayalam-language playback singers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]<br />
[[Category:Film musicians from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Singers from Kochi]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]<br />
[[Category:1973 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Artists from Kerala]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Tamil_flags&diff=446559List of Tamil flags2026-01-01T14:05:20Z<p>RobbyAyres: page updated</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|None}}<br />
<br />
This is a list of historical and modern flags used by the [[Tamil people]].<br />
<br />
== Modern Tamil flags ==<br />
<br />
=== Indian Tamil flags ===<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|- style="background:#efefef;"<br />
! style="width:220px;"|Name!! style="width:100px;"|Image!! style="width:800px;"|Description<br />
|-<br />
|[[Flag of Tamil Nadu|Banner]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu|Government]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] || [[File:..Tamil Nadu Flag(INDIA).png|120px|upright]] || The banner of the Government of Tamil Nadu depicts the [[Emblem of Tamil Nadu]] displayed on a white field. The emblem consists of the [[National Emblem of India]] flanked on either side by an [[Flag of India|Indian flag]]. Behind the national emblem, is the image of a ''[[Gopuram]]'' tower based on the West Tower of Madurai [[Meenakshi Temple]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=B.A |first=Pon Vasanth |date=2022-04-14 |title=A tower that is emblematic of the State |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/the-temple-that-found-a-place-in-tamil-nadus-emblem/article65320415.ece |access-date=2025-08-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Sri Lankan Tamil flags ===<br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|- style="background:#efefef;"<br />
! style="width:220px;"|Name!! style="width:100px;"|Image!! style="width:800px;"|Description<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sri Lankan Tamil people|Sri Lankan Tamil]] [[Ethnic flag]] || [[File:Bicolor flag of Tamil Eelam.svg|120px|upright]] || The [[Sri Lankan Tamils]] use a horizontally split flag in red and yellow. These colors are considered as the national colors of the unrecognized state of [[Tamil Eelam]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AEHYMg5g0CQC&pg=PA108 | title=An Anthropologist Among the Marxists and Other Essays | author=Guha, Ramachandra | year=2004 | pages=108| isbn=9788178240732 }}</ref><br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Flag of Tamil Eelam]] ||[[File:Tamil Eelam Flag.svg|120px]]|| Another famous flag of the [[Sri Lankan Tamils]] is the flag of [[Tamil Eelam]], the ''Puli Kodi'' (tiger flag). The flag has emblem depicting a tiger jumping through a circle of bullets, with crossed black [[bayonet]]s on a red background. This flag has its origin from the Tamil separation movement in Sri Lanka. The tiger symbol was adopted from the emblem of the [[Chola Empire]], it should reflect the martial history (Veera varalaru) and the national upheaval of the Tamils.<ref>Damien Kingsbury Senior Lecturer in International Development, ''Sri Lanka and the Responsibility to Protect: Politics, Ethnicity and Genocide (2012)'', p.50</ref><ref>Mahfuzul Haque, ''Ethnic Insurgency and National Integration: A Study of Selected Ethnic Problems in South Asia (1997)'', p.113</ref> The crossed bayonets were based on the historical crossed sword emblem of [[Vannimai]] and represent the armed resistance.<ref>Prabhakaran explains the tiger flag in an interview{{cite web|title=History of Tamil National Flag|publisher=Youtube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CEYc1XuIle4|date=2009-10-31}}</ref> This flag was created by the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (LTTE) in 1977 and was later in 1990 designated as the National flag of Tamil Eelam.<ref>Imogen Tyler, ''Protesting Citizenship: Migrant Activisms (2017)'', p.60</ref> Today, the flag is often seen in Tamil diaspora protests all over the world.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Historical Tamil flags ==<br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!State !! Flag !! Image!! Description<br />
|-<br />
|[[Chera Dynasty]] || Bow and Arrow || [[File:Flag of Chera dynasty.svg|120px|upright]]|| The Chera kings had the title Villavar Kon, as the [[Villavar]] clan founded the ancient Chera Kingdom. Villavar means archer in Tamil.<ref>R. Leela Devi, ''History of Kerala (1986)'', p.106</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Chola Dynasty]] || [[Flag of Chola|Pouncing Tiger]] || [[File:Flag of Chola Kingdom.png|120px|upright]]|| The tiger flag of Chola is mentioned in the [[Periya Puranam]].<ref name="PeriyaPuranam">[http://www.tamilvu.org/slet/l41C1/l41C1per.jsp?sno=51 Sekkizhar: “Chola of Cauvery country]</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Pandya Dynasty]] || [[Flag of Pandya|Twin fish]] || [[File:Twin fish flag of Pandyas.svg|120px|upright]] || According to legend, the goddess [[Meenakshi]] was born as the daughter of a Pandya king. Her eyes had the shape of a fish and resemble the emblem of the Pandyas.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindumandirmn.org/AboutTemple/SRIMEENAKSHI(PARVATHI).aspx | title=Sri Meenakchi (Parvathi) | publisher=Hindu Society of Minnesota | access-date=13 May 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Pallava Dynasty]] || [[Flag of Pallava|bull and lion]] || [[File:Simha flag of Pallava Kingdom.png|120px|upright]]|| The Pallava royal insignia was the (lion) and (bull) which was changeable. Narashimavarman used the lion as his emblem and Nandivarman preferred the Nandi. Under the reign of Parameswaravarman was [[Khatvanga]] (Skull mace) added to Pallava emblem.<ref>R. Rajalakshmi (Ph. D.), ''Tamil Polity'', p50</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Ay Kingdom]] || Elephant |||| The Cheras took over the elephant emblem after the conquest of [[Ay dynasty|Ay Kingdom]].<br />
|-<br />
|[[Jaffna kingdom]] || [[Flag of the Jaffna kingdom|bull]] || [[File:Nandi flag.png|120px|upright]]|| The emblem of [[Aryacakravarti dynasty|Aryacakravartis]] depicting a white [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]] surrounded by [[conch]], parasol, sun and moon on a traditional saffron background.<ref>Perera, H., ''Ceylon & Indian History from Early Times to 1505 A. D'', p353</ref><ref>Coddrington, H., ''Ceylon Coins and Currency'', p74-75</ref> The Aryachakravtis of Jaffna are allegedly to be related to the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Chodaganga Dynasty]] of Kalinga,<ref>{{Cite book|title=University of Ceylon:History of Ceylon|last=Ray|first=H. C.|volume=I, Part II|date=1960|publisher=Ceylon University Press|location=Colombo|pages=691|language=en}}</ref> both share a similar royal emblem.<br />
|-<br />
|[[Vanniar (Chieftain)]] || Crossed Swords ||[[File:Pandara Vanniyan vector flag.svg|120px|upright]]|| The flag of [[Pandara Vanniyan]], the last Tamil ruler of [[Vannimai]], was "Crossed Swords".<br />
|-<br />
|[[Pudukkottai state]] || Lion ||[[File:Pudukkottai flag.svg|120px|upright]]|| The emblem of [[Pudukkottai]] state was a lion with the [[Hanuman]] flag in its right fore paw on a green background.<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
*[[Flag of Tamil Nadu|Proposed flag of Tamil Nadu]] (1970)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Flags of Tamils| ]]<br />
[[Category:Flags of India|Tamils]]<br />
[[Category:Flags of indigenous peoples|Tamils]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anand_Nagar_metro_station_(Pune)&diff=486266Anand Nagar metro station (Pune)2025-12-19T17:51:21Z<p>RobbyAyres: started new post</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Pune Metro's Aqua Line metro station}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox station<br />
| name = Anand Nagar<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| symbol_location = <br />
| symbol = <br />
| type = {{Pune Metro Infobox station line|line=Aqua}}<br />
| style = Pune Metro<br />
| image = Anand Nagar (Pune) metro station.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| address = Rambaug Colony, Kothrud, Pune, Maharashtra 411038<br />
| borough = <br />
| country = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|18.50963|73.81408|display=title,inline}}<br />
| owned = [[Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited]] (MAHA-METRO)<br />
| operator = [[Pune Metro]]<br />
| line = {{rcb|Pune Metro|Aqua|croute}}<br />
| distance = <br />
| platforms = [[Side platform]]<br/>Platform-1 → [[Ramwadi metro station|Ramwadi]]<br/>Platform-2 → [[Vanaz metro station|Vanaz]]<br />
| tracks = 2<br />
| train_operators = <br />
| connections = <br />
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]<br />
| levels = 2<br />
| parking = <br />
| bicycle = <br />
| architectural_style = <br />
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}<br />
| code = AND<br />
| zone = <br />
| website = <br />
| opened = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2022|03|6}}<br />
| closed = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} --><br />
| electrified = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]]<br />
| passengers = <br />
| pass_year = <br />
| pass_rank = <br />
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Pune Metro|line=Aqua|left=Vanaz|right=Ideal Colony|to-right=Ramwadi}}<br />
| route_map = {{Pune Metro Aqua Line Route}}<br />
| map_state = collapsed<br />
| mapframe = yes<br />
| mapframe-marker = rail<br />
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Pune Metro|Aqua}}<br />
| mapframe-zoom = 14<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Anand Nagar''' is an elevated metro station on the East-West corridor of the [[Aqua Line (Pune Metro)|Aqua Line]] of [[Pune Metro]] in [[Pune]], India. The station was opened on 6 March 2022 as an inauguration of Pune Metro and was the first to be completed.<ref>{{cite web |title=PM Modi inaugurates Pune Metro line; check routes and ticket prices here |url=https://zeenews.india.com/railways/breaking-pm-narendra-modi-inaugurates-pune-metro-line-check-routes-ticket-prices-and-other-details-2442614.html|website=Zee News|access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> From March 2022 to August 2023, the Aqua Line was operational between Vanaz and Garware College.<ref>{{cite web |title=Passenger operations on 12 km routes of Pune Metro launched know all about<br />
|url=https://www.urbantransportnews.com/news/passenger-operations-on-12-km-routes-of-pune-metro-launched-know-all-about|website=Urban Transport News|access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> The extended section between Garware College to [[Ruby Hall Clinic metro station|Ruby Hall Clinic]] was inaugurated on 1 August 2023. So the metro operated from Vanaz to Ruby Hall Clinic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-27 |title=It’s official, PM to open Pune Metro service on two sections on Aug 1 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/prime-minister-modi-to-inaugurate-pune-metro-stretches-on-august-1-including-crucial-civil-court-interchange-station-101690481441750.html |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Later the remaining stretch was completed and the line operates till [[Ramwadi metro station|Ramwadi]] from 6 March 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-07 |title=Comfortable, convenient & economic: Citizens on Metro launch till Ramwadi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/metro-launch-till-ramwadi-citizens-share-their-experience/articleshow/108280993.cms |access-date=2024-03-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Station layout==<br />
{{stack|{{Routemap<br />
| title = Anand Nagar track layout<br />
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Pune Metro|Aqua}}<br />
| legend = track<br />
| collapsible = no<br />
| map = vCONTgfa<br />
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Pune Metro|Vanaz}}<br />
*'''P2'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P1'''<br />
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Pune Metro|Ideal Colony}}<br />
vCONTgfe<br />
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div><br />
}}}}<br />
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;border-top:solid 1px grey;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100 valign=top|Street level<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance<br />
|-<br />
|valign=top|'''L1'''<br />
|valign=top|Mezzanine<br />
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover<br/><br />
|-<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|<small>[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}</small><br />
|-<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|<span style=color:#{{rcr|Pune Metro|aqua}}>'''Platform 1'''<br/>'''Eastbound'''</span><br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|Towards → [[Ramwadi metro station|Ramwadi]]<br><small>'''Next Station:''' [[Ideal Colony metro station|Ideal Colony]]</small><br />
|-<br />
|<span style=color:#{{rcr|Pune Metro|aqua}}>'''Platform 2'''<br/>'''Westbound'''</span> <br />
|Towards ← [[Vanaz metro station|Vanaz]] <br />
|-<br />
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" colspan=2 align=center|<small>[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}</small><br />
|-<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L3'''<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Pune]]<br />
* [[Maharashtra]]<br />
* [[Urban rail transit in India#Rapid transit|Rapid Transit in India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{Official website|https://www.punemetrorail.org/station/anand-nagar/}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Pune Metro stations]]<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2022]]<br />
{{Pune Metro}}</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thyagaraja_Temple,_Tiruvarur&diff=541252Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur2025-12-17T05:28:25Z<p>RobbyAyres: stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox temple<br />
| name = Thyagaraja Temple<br />
| image = Thiruvarur001.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = View of the [[gopuram]]<br />
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu<br />
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|10.7761|N|79.6335|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| district = [[Tiruvarur District|Tiruvarur]]<br />
| location = [[Tiruvarur]]<br />
| elevation_m = 36.03<br />
| deity = Thyagarajaswami ([[Shiva]])<br>Neelotpalambika ([[Parvati]])<br />
| architecture = [[Tamil architecture]]<br />
| creator = [[Chola Dynasty]]<br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
'''Thyagaraja Temple''' is a [[Shiva]] temple, located in the town of [[Thiruvarur]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] state, [[India]]. Shiva is worshiped in the form of a [[lingam]] as Thyagarajaswami, also known as ''Putridankondar''. His consort [[Parvati]] is worshipped as Goddess ''Neelotpalambika''. She is also worshipped as Goddess Kamalambika, whose separate shrine is an important center for [[Shaktism]] and [[Tantra]], and is also regarded to be one of the [[Shakti Pitha|Shakti Peethas]]. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century [[Shaivism|Shaiva]] canonical work, the ''[[Tevaram]]'', written in Tamil by saint poets known as the [[Nayanars]] and the shrine is classified as a ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]''.<br />
<br />
The temple complex covers {{convert|20|acre|ha|order=flip}} and is one of the largest temples in India. It houses nine entrance towers known as ''[[gopurams]]''. The tallest is the eastern tower, with four stories and a height of {{convert|30|m|ft|0}}. The temple has numerous shrines, with those of Thyagarajaswami, Neelotpalambika, and Kamalambika being the most prominent.<br />
<br />
The temple has six daily rituals at various times from 05:30 to 22:00, and twelve yearly festivals on its calendar. The temple has the largest processional [[ratha|chariot]] in Asia and the annual Chariot festival is celebrated during the month of March.<br />
<br />
The present masonry structure was built during the [[Chola dynasty]] in the 9th century. The temple is maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref>[http://www.tnhrce.org/hrce_act_1959.html Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act, 1959]</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center<br />
|align=left<br />
| total_width = 400<br />
| width1 = 4128 | height1 = 2322<br />
| width2 = 4128 | height2 = 2322<br />
|direction=horizontal<br />
|image1=Thyagarajar temple, Tiruvarur (22).jpg<br />
|image2=Thyagarajar temple, Tiruvarur (52).jpg<br />
|footer=Shrines of the temple<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The historic name of Thiruvarur was ''Arur'' and it finds mention in the 7th-century Shaiva canonical work, ''[[Tevaram]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thevaaram.org/en/thirumurai_1/songview.php?thiru=1&Song_idField=10910&padhi=091&startLimit=1&limitPerPage=1&sortBy=&sortOrder=DESC|title=Muthalam Thirumurai Translation|year=2012|access-date=6 September 2012|publisher=Thevaaram.org}}</ref> The term ''Thiru'', meaning holy, is added to all temple cities that are mostly revered by the verses of ''Tevaram'', which is the case of ''Arur'' becoming ''Thiruvarur''. Another name of Thiruvarur is Kamalalayaksetra, meaning the "holy place that is an abode of lotuses", hence the goddess' name Kamalambika and the Kamalalayam tank;<ref>{{cite book|title= Rise of a Folk God:Vitthal of Pandharpur: Vitthal of Pandharpur|last=Dhere|first=Ramchandra Chintaman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mR6wOT4OXHcC&q=thiruvarur+meaning&pg=PA53|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0-19-977759-4|page=53}}</ref> During the [[British Raj]], the town was termed ''Tiruvalur'',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hunter|first=Sir William Wilson |title=Imperial Gazetteer of India Vol. XXII Singbhum to Trashi-Chod-Zong |year=1908 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7CMKAQAAIAAJ&q=tiruvalur&pg=PA229|pages=225–229}}</ref> ''Tiruvaloor'',<ref>{{cite book|title= Dupleix and Clive|last=Dodwell|first=Henry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SwPTB66d9wQC&q=tiruvalur&pg=PA166|publisher=Forgotten Books|year=1920| page=48|isbn=9781451011074}}</ref> and ''Thiruvalur''.<ref>{{Citation |last=Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|title=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1 |year=1833 |publisher=Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |location=London |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CsIsAAAAIAAJ&q=tiruvaloor&pg=PA146|page=148}}</ref> As per the district and municipality websites, the district has the spelling "Tiruvarur", while the town has it as "Thiruvarur".<ref>{{cite report|title= Brief Industrial profile of Tiruvarur district|last=MSME Development Institute|url=https://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/IPS%20Thiruvarur%202012.pdf|publisher=MSME Development Institute, Ministry of MSME, Govt. of India|year=2012|access-date = 8 June 2012|page=1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=About the town|url=http://www.municipality.tn.gov.in/Tiruvarur/abcity_city.html|publisher=Thiruvarur Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=2013-05-19|year=2011|archive-date=19 December 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121219231806/http://www.municipality.tn.gov.in/Tiruvarur/abcity_city.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> As per Hindu legend, the temple is the place where Parvati as Kamalambika, wished to marry Shiva as Thyagarajaswami, but her wish remained unfulfilled.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Magic on the waters|year=2004|location=Chennai|publisher=Asia Intelligence Wire from FT Information|journal=Business Line|id={{ProQuest|221874637}}}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:Thyagarajar temple, Tiruvarur (61).jpg|250px|thumb|Sundial to view stars]]<br />
According to legend, a [[Chola]] king named [[Muchukunda]] obtained a boon from [[Indra]] and wished to receive a lingam icon of Shiva, depicting the latter [[Nataraja|dancing]] on the chest of [[Vishnu]]. [[Indra]] tried to misguide the king and had six other images made, but the king chose the right image and consecrated it in [[Tiruvarur]].<ref name=Meena>{{cite book|title=Temples in South India|last=V.|first=Meena|publisher=Harikumar Arts|location=Kanniyakumari|year=1974|edition=1st|page=34}}</ref> The ''Muchukunda Sahasranamam'' specifically refers to the deity as ''Anapaayamahipaala'', and as ''Rajaveshadari'' (one who played the role of a king).<ref>{{cite book|title=The Tyagaraja Cult in Tamilnadu: A Study in Conflict and Accommodation|author=Rajeshwari Ghose|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited|year=1996|page=331}}</ref><br />
<br />
The temple is believed to have been initiated with a large complex by the [[Pallava]]s during the 7th century.<ref name=A/> Contemporary history of the temple dates back to the time of the [[Medieval Cholas]]. An inscription dated in the 20th regnal year of Rajendra I (1012–1044) beginning with the introduction "Tirumanni valara" is found on the north and west walls of the Thyagaraja shrine. It gives a list of gifts including a number of jewels and lamps to the deity. It records that the temple was built in stone in the regnal years of the king by Anukkiyar Paravai Nangaiyar. Besides the same lady liberally endowed gold for plating and gilding parts of the vimana, the entrance, and the four sides of the shrine. Copper was also donated for plating the doors, and corbels of the pillars of the mandapa in front of the shrine. This inscription meticulously records the weight of the endowed gold and copper, besides listing the various ornaments gifted to the temple with a description each of them.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sri Thyagaraja Temple Thiruvarur|page=32|last= S.|first=Ponnusamy|publisher=State Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu|year=1972}}</ref><br />
<br />
The temple complex seems to have acted as the cultural model for the [[Brihadisvara Temple|Brihadeeswara Temple]] in [[Thanjavur]], built by [[Rajaraja I|Raja Raja Chola]], wherein he enshrined an icon which shared with the icon of the [[Chidambaram Temple]]. The last [[Chola]] monarch to play an important role in the affairs of the temple was [[Kulothunga Chola III]] in the early part of the 13th century A.D. It attracted devotees of all schools and the Golaki Monastery was established in the 13th and 14th centuries. The temple also attracted [[Jainism|Jain]]s, which were attacked by Hindus, as is evident from the text ''[[Periya Puranam]]''.<ref>[[#Ghose|Ghose]] 1996, p. 58</ref><br />
[[File:Thiruvarur Panorama (1).jpg|center|900px|thumb|Image of shrines inside the temple]]<br />
<br />
==Architecture==<br />
[[File:Birds view of Thyagaraja Temple Tiruvarur India.jpg|thumb|Bird's eye view of the temple complex]]<br />
[[File:Thyagarajar temple, Tiruvarur (1).jpg|View of the temple tower from the temple tank|alt=View of the temple tower from the temple tank|left|thumb|250px]]<br />
The temple complex occupies an area of around {{convert|17| acre|ha|abbr=on}} with the Kamalalayam tank to its west, which occupies the same area. The temple has nine [[gopuram]]s, 80 [[vimana]]s, twelve temple walls, 13 halls, fifteen large temple water bodies, three gardens, and three large precincts. The major gopuram of the temple is seven-tiered and raises to a height of {{convert|118|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}}.<ref name=Giri>{{cite book|title=108 Thennaga Shivasthalangal|language=ta|publisher=Giri Trading Agency Private Limited|isbn=978-81-7950-707-0|last=R.|first=Ponnammal|pages=40–51}}</ref> The two main shrines of the temple are for Vanmikinathar ([[Shiva]]) and Thyagarajar. Of the two, the former is the most ancient and derives its name from tha anthill (''putru''), which takes the place of ''[[linga]]'' in the main shrine. [[Appar]], the 7th-century poet-saint, refers to the main deity in his hymn as ''Putritrukondan'' (one who resides in the ant hill). The ''[[Stala vriksham]]'' (temple tree) is ''red patiri'' (trumpet flower tree). The principles and practices of tree-worship and philopatry are ancient bases whereupon a later date ''[[linga]]'' worship seems to have been established.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vasudevan|first=Geetha |title=The royal temple of Rajaraja: an instrument of imperial Cola power|year=2003|publisher=Abhinav Publications |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-7017-383-3|page=136}}</ref><br />
<br />
As per folk legend, Thiruvarur is mentioned as the capital town of a legendary Chola king, [[Manu Needhi Cholan]], who killed his wicked son to provide justice to a cow.<ref>{{cite news|title= Tiruvarur in religious history of Tamil Nadu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article518017.ece|work=The Hindu|date=16 July 2010|access-date=26 June 2012 }}</ref> The temple has a sculptural representation of a stone chariot, the king, the cow and his son under the chariot on the northeastern wall.<ref name=Giri/><br />
<br />
Here all the nine [[Navagraha]]s (planetary deities) are located towards the south in a straight line also located in the northwest corner of 1st (''[[prakaram]]''). It is believed that all the planetary deities were relieved of their curse and hence worshipped Thyagaraja. This temple holds the record of having a maximum number of shrines in India. The feet of Thyagaraja are shown twice a year and on other occasions, it is covered with flowers. The right leg of Thyagarajaswami and the left leg of Nilotpalambika are displayed during the [[Panguni Uthiram]] festival and the [[Thiruvathira]]i festival (the left leg of the idol is never shown). Some of the major shrines in the temple are Aananthiswarar, Nilotpalambika, Asaleswarar, Adageswarar, Varuneswarar, Annamalieswarar and Kamalambika. The unique feature of the temple is the standing [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]] facing the presiding deity.<ref name=A>{{cite book|title=Temples of South India|first=Ambujam |last=Anantharaman|page=59|publisher=East West Books (Madras)|year=2006|isbn=978-81-88661-42-8}}</ref><br />
<br />
The temple has a lot of halls, with six of them being the most prominent. Bhaktha Katchi hall is located to the left of the image of Moosukuntha Nandi. The festival image of Thyagaraja arrives at this hall after the Panguni Uthiram festival. Oonjal hall is located opposite to the baktha Katchi hall. The festival images of Chandrasekarar and darunendhu Sekari Amman arrive at this hall during the Thiruvadhirai festival. <br />
Rajanarayana hall is a public hall for localities of Thiruvaru. Panguni uthira hall is located in the western part of the temple, which is also known as sababathi hall, houses the museum of the temple.<ref name="halls">{{cite web|title=Halls inside the temple|url=http://www.srithiyagarajatemple.org/Tmandap.asp|publisher=Sri Thiyagaraja Temple Administration|access-date=2013-05-21|archive-date=2 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502091114/http://www.srithiyagarajatemple.org/Tmandap.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> Similar architecture of halls (Mandapas) simulating a chariot drawn by elephant or horses is found in [[Sarangapani temple]] at Kumbakonam, [[Mela Kadambur Amirthakadeswarar Temple]], [[Sikharagiriswara Temple, Kudumiyamalai]], [[Nageswaraswamy Temple, Kumbakonam]] and [[Vriddhagiriswarar Temple, Vriddhachalam]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Kampahesvara temple at Thirubuvanam|last=H.|first=Sarkar|publisher=Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu|year=1974|location=Madras|page=9|url=https://www.tnarch.gov.in/Library%20BOOk%20PDF/KAMPAHARESVARA%20TEMPLE%20AT%20TRIBHUVANAM.pdf}}</ref><br />
[[File:Thiruvarur Panorama (2).jpg|center|900px|thumb|Image of shrines inside the temple]]<br />
<br />
==Chariot festival==<br />
[[File:Thear 2.jpg|The Thiruvarur chariot festival|alt=chariot festival with people drawing a chariot with ropes|thumb|200x200px]]<br />
[[Kulothunga Chola II]] (1133–50 CE) enlarged the temple ritual to have fifty six festivals, some of which are followed in modern times.<ref>[[#Ghose|Ghose]] 1996, p. 331</ref><ref name="Ayyar">{{Citation |last=Ayyar |first=P. V. Jagadisa |title=South Indian shrines: illustrated |year=1991 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-206-0151-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&q=tiruvarur&pg=PA374| page=375}}</ref> The annual chariot festival of the Thygarajaswamy temple is celebrated during April&nbsp;– May, corresponding to the Tamil month of ''[[Tamil calendar|Chitrai]]''. The chariot is the largest of its kind in Asia and India weighing 300 tonne with a height of {{convert|96|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}}. The chariot comes around the four main streets surrounding the temple during the festival. The event is attended by lakhs of people from all over Tamil Nadu. The chariot festival is followed by the "Theppam", meaning float festival.<ref>{{cite news|title= Tiruvarur in religious history of Tamil Nadu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article518017.ece|work=The Hindu|date=16 July 2010|access-date=2013-05-19 }}</ref> The memorial for [[Thiruvalluvar]], [[Valluvar Kottam]], is inspired from the design of the Thiruvarur chariot.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Remarkable Political Journey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XL8wBQAAQBAJ&q=thiruvarur+temple&pg=PA121|page=121|first=Shanmuganathan|last=V.|isbn=9788184302578|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|year=2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Processional Dance==<br />
The Thyagarajar Temple at [[Tiruvarur]] is famous for the ''ajapa natanam'' (dance without chanting), that is executed by the deity itself. According to legend, a [[Chola]] king named Mucukunta obtained a boon from Indra and wished to receive an image of Thyagaraja Swamy. reposing on the chest of reclining [[Lord Vishnu]]. [[Indra]] tried to misguide the king and had six other images made, but the king chose the right image at [[Tiruvarur]].<ref name=Meena/> The other six images were installed in Thirukkuvalai, [[Nagapattinam]], Tirukarayil, Tirukolili, Thirukkuvalai and [[Tirumaraikadu]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Glimpses of the history of Karaikkal|first=Saroja|last= Sundararajan|publisher=Lalitha Publications|year=1985|page=54}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The great temple at Tanjore|last=Pillai|first=J.M. Somanasundaram|publisher=Tamil University, Thanjavur|year=1994|page=9}}</ref> All the seven places are villages situated in the river [[Cauvery]] delta. All seven Thyagaraja images are said to dance when taken in procession (it is the bearers of the processional deity who actually dance). The temples with dance styles are regarded as ''Saptha Vidangam'' (seven dance moves)<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Journal of the Music Academy, Madras|volume=71|publisher=Music Academy |location=Madras|year=2000|page=35}}</ref> and the related temples are as under:<ref>{{cite book|title=Nityasumangali|page=[https://archive.org/details/nityasumangalide0000kers/page/146 146]|first=Saskia C.|last=Kersenboom-Story|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|year=1987|isbn=9788120803305|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/nityasumangalide0000kers/page/146}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|- style="background:#FFC569"<br />
| width="200pt" | '''Temple'''<br />
| width="140pt" | '''Vidangar Temple'''<br />
| width="140pt" | '''Dance pose'''<br />
| width="250pt" | '''Meaning'''<br />
|- align ="center"<br />
|- style="background:#ffe;"<br />
|-<br />
| Tiruvarur Thyagarajar Temple<br />
| ''Vidhividangar''<br />
| ''Ajabathaanam''<br />
| Dance without chanting, resembling the dance of Sri Thyagaraja resting on [[Lord Vishnu]]'s chest<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dharbaranyeswarar Temple]]<br />
| ''Nagaradangar''<br />
| ''Unmathanathaanam''<br />
| Dance of an intoxicated person<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kayarohanaswami Temple, Nagapattinam|Kayarohanaswamy Temple]]<br />
| ''Sundaravidangar''<br />
| ''Vilathithaanam''<br />
| Dancing like waves of sea<br />
|- <br />
| [[Kannayariamudayar Temple, Thirukkarayil|Kannayariamudayar Temple]]<br />
| ''Adhividangar''<br />
| ''Kukunathaanam''<br />
| Dancing like a cock <br />
|-<br />
| [[Brahmapureeswarar Temple, Thirukkuvalai|Brahmapureeswarar Temple]]<br />
| ''Avanividangar''<br />
| ''Brunganathaanam''<br />
| Dancing like a bee that hovers over a flower<br />
|- <br />
| [[Vaimoornathar Temple, Tiruvaimur|Vaimoornaathar Temple]]<br />
| ''Nallavidangar''<br />
| ''Kamalanaanathaanam''<br />
| Dance like lotus that moves in a breeze<br />
|- <br />
| [[Vedaranyeswarar Temple]]<br />
| ''Bhuvanivividangar''<br />
| ''Hamsapthanathaanam''<br />
| Dancing with the gait of a swan<br />
|}<br />
<br />
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<br />
==Worship and religious practises==<br />
{{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center<br />
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<br />
The temple priests perform the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. Like other Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Shaiva]] community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed six times a day; Ushathkalam at 5:30&nbsp;a.m., Kalasanthi at 8:00&nbsp;a.m., Uchikalam at 10:00&nbsp;a.m., Sayarakshai at 6:00&nbsp;p.m., Irandamkalam at 7:00&nbsp;p.m. and Ardha Jamam at 8:00&nbsp;p.m. It is believed that during Sayarakshai all the 33 crore devas (celestial beings) are present to worship Lord Thiyagarajar. Further attending the Sayarakshai at Thiruvarur and then attending the Ardha Jamam pooja at Chidambaram is considered to be highly auspicious and beneficial. There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' (Monday) and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'' (Friday), fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'' and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''kiruthigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''sathurthi''.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite news|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=598|title=Sri Thiagarajar temple|newspaper=Dinamalar|access-date=2013-05-19}}</ref><br />
<br />
The idol of Thiyagarajar is covered with clothes and flowers, so that only his and ammbal's face are visible. His right foot and Parvathy's left foot are revealed on ''[[Thiruvathira|Aarudhra Dharshan]]'' in the month of ''[[Margazhi]]'', and on [[Panguni Uthiram|''Panguni'' ''Uthiram'']] in the month of [[Panguni]]<br />
<br />
==Music, dance and literature==<br />
[[File:Thyagarajar temple, Tiruvarur (31).jpg|250px|thumb|Image of Kamalambal shrine]]<br />
Historically, Thiruvarur has been a centre of eminent people in religion, arts and science. Sundarar, an 8th-century Saivite saint, mentions "I am the slave of all those born in Thiruvarur" in his works in ''Tevaram''.<ref name="Ghose5960">[[#Ghose|Ghose]] 1996, pp. 59-60</ref> Two of the 63 [[nayanmars]] of Saivite tradition namely, Kalarsinga Nayanar and Tandiyadigal Nayanar were born in Thiruvarur.<ref name="Ayyar"/> The ''Periyapuranam'', a 12th-century Saiva canonical by [[Sekkizhar]], dedicates a chapter to those born in Thiruvarur, including these two saints. The town was a traditional centre of music and dance&nbsp;– the inscriptions from Rajaraja Chola associate a large body of dancers associated with the temple.<ref name="Ghose5960"/> Thiruvarur is home to Trinity of Carnatic music, namely [[Thyagaraja]] (1767–1847 CE), [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] (1775–1835 CE) and [[Shyama Shastri]] (1762–1827 CE).<ref>{{cite book|title= Essays on Indian Music|last=Kumar|first=Raj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wwwX6DWfn3gC&q=carnatic+music+trinity&pg=PA216|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|year=2003|isbn=81-7141-719-1}}</ref> Muthuswami Dikshitar has sung eulogies of the temple deities of the Thyagarajaswami temple.<ref name="Ghose5960"/> Thyagaraja was named after the deity of this temple. There was large influx of the acumen of South Indian culture to the town during the 17th century CE due to the political unrest in Thanjavur and increased patronage of the Maratha kings to Thiruvarur, resulting in developments in music and dance.<ref>{{cite book|title= Nityasumaṅgalī: Devadasi Tradition in South India|last=Kersenboom-Story|first=Saskia C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lFR06tVELyIC&q=tiruvarur&pg=PA42|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited|year=1998|isbn=81-208-1527-0|page=41}}</ref><ref name="speciality"/> A unique musical instrument called ''panchamuga vadyam'' with each of its five ends ornamented differently is used in the temple. A type of ''[[nadaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) called Barinayanam is also a unique instrument found only in Thiruvarur.<ref name="speciality">{{cite web|title=Arts inside the temple|url=http://www.srithiyagarajatemple.org/Tkalai.asp|publisher=Sri Thiyagaraja Temple Administration|access-date=2013-05-21|archive-date=20 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320113614/http://www.srithiyagarajatemple.org/Tkalai.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Thyagaraja Leelaikal]] is a work on the playful nature of the deity Thyagaraja of [[Thiruvarur]]. It is similar to the [[Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam]] in that it identifies Thyagaraja with the [[Chola]]s in the same way that the former identifies [[Meenakshi]] with the [[Pandya]]s. It is dated to the twelfth century CE.<ref name=rghose>{{cite book|title=The Tyagaraja Cult in Tamilnadu: A Study in Conflict and Accommodation|author=Rajeshwari Ghose|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited|year=1996|pages=338–339}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Mahasamprokshanam==<br />
The Mahasamprokshanam also known as Kumbhabhishekam of the temple was held on 8 November 2015. The heavy rains blow in Tiruvarur at the time of mahasamprokshanam, the people came in lot.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kumbabhishekam performed|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/kumbabhishekam-performed/article7859889.ece|work=The Hindu|date=9 November 2015| access-date=10 November 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* {{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia Of Tourism In 21St Century (set of 5 vols.)|pages=152|first=Pradeep Kumar |last=Johri|publisher=Anmol Publications|isbn=978-81-261-2404-6|year=2005}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Ghose |first=Rajeshwari |title= The Tyāgarāja cult in Tamilnāḍu: a study in conflict and accommodation|year=1998|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited |location=Delhi |isbn=81-208-1391-X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ORwNmkDswqwC&q=tiruvorriyur&pg=PA146|ref=Ghose}}<br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
* {{cite book|title=Sri Thyagaraja Temple, Thiruvarur|author=Shanmugasundaram Ponnusamy|publisher=State Dept. of Archaeology, Govt. of Tamil Nadu|year=1972}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur}}<br />
<br />
{{Shaivism}}<br />
{{Shiva temples}}<br />
{{Tiruvarur district|state=collapsed}}<br />
{{Tiruvicaippa and Thirupallandu Talangal}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shiva temples in Tiruvarur district]]<br />
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]<br />
[[Category:Dravidian architecture]]<br />
[[Category:Chola architecture]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_Women%27s_T20_Challenge&diff=4705652020 Women's T20 Challenge2025-11-28T12:36:51Z<p>RobbyAyres: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Cricket tournament}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox cricket tournament<br />
| name = 2020 Women's T20 Challenge<br />
| image = 2020-Womens-t20-challenge.jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = <br />
| fromdate = 4<br />
| todate = 9 November 2020<br />
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]<br />
| cricket format = [[Women's Twenty20|Twenty20]]<br />
| tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]] and final<br />
| host = {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}<br />
| champions = [[Trailblazers (Women's T20 Challenge)|Trailblazers]]<br />
| runner up = [[Supernovas (Women's T20 Challenge)|Supernovas]]<br />
| count = 1<br />
| participants = 3<br />
| matches = 4<br />
| player of the series = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Radha Yadav]] (Supernovas)<br />
| most runs = {{flagicon|SL}} [[Chamari Athapaththu]] (Supernovas) (117)<br />
| most wickets = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Radha Yadav]] (Supernovas) (8)<br />
| attendance =<br />
| website = <br />
| previous_year = 2019<br />
| previous_tournament = 2019 Women's T20 Challenge<br />
| next_year = 2022 <br />
| next_tournament = 2022 Women's T20 Challenge <br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox<br />
| bodyclass = nowraplinks<br />
| header1 = Teams<br />
| data2 = [[Supernovas (Women's T20 Challenge)| Supernovas]]<br/>[[Trailblazers (Women's T20 Challenge)| Trailblazers]]<br/>[[Velocity (Women's T20 Challenge)|Velocity ]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''2020 Women's T20 Challenge''', branded as the '''Jio Women's T20 Challenge''',<ref>{{Cite web|title=BCCI announce Jio as Title Sponsor for 2020 Women's T20 Challenge|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/224521/bcci-announce-jio-as-title-sponsor-for-2020-women-s-t20-challenge|access-date=2020-11-02|website=www.iplt20.com|language=en}}</ref> was the third season of the [[Women's T20 Challenge]], a [[Twenty20 cricket]] tournament established by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/ipl-2018-womens-t20-challenge-match-to-be-played-before-qualifier-1-in-mumbai-1852567|title=IPL 2018: Women's T20 Challenge match to be played before Qualifier 1 in Mumbai|work=NDTV Sports|access-date=22 April 2019|language=en}}</ref> Like the [[2019 Women's T20 Challenge|previous edition]], it featured three teams and consisted of a group stage of three matches followed by a final.<ref>{{cite web|title=Women's T20 Challenge to be held in UAE from November 1–10|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/womens-ipl-2020-uae-according-to-plan-bcci-president-sourav-ganguly-womens-cricket-team-harmanpreet-kaur/article32252185.ece|website=Sportstar|access-date=2 August 2020|language=en|date=2 August 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
The tournament was originally scheduled to be held in May 2020 at the [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]] in [[Jaipur]], coinciding with the [[2020 Indian Premier League#Playoffs|IPL playoffs]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/112499/jaipur-to-host-four-team-womens-t20-challenge-in-ipl-playoffs-week|title=Jaipur to host four-team Women's T20 Challenge in IPL playoffs week|work=CricBuzz|date=29 February 2020|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref> However, it was postponed along with the IPL due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sourav Ganguly: Women's T20 Challenge during IPL 'very much on'|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/29581951/sourav-ganguly-women-t20-challenge-ipl-very-much-on|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 August 2020|language=en|date=3 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/113670/womens-t20-challenge-very-much-on-sourav-ganguly|title=Women's T20 Challenge 'very much on' – Sourav Ganguly|work=CricBuzz|date=2 August 2020|access-date=3 August 2020}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The tournament was eventually held from 4 to 9 November 2020 at the [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium]] in the [[United Arab Emirates]], again coinciding with the IPL playoffs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/30007263/four-match-women-t20-challenge-likely-held-november-4-9|title=Four-match Women's T20 Challenge likely to be held from November 4 to 9|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=30 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/30076011/women-t20-challenge-2020-sharjah-likely-venue-three-team-tournament|title=Sharjah likely to host Women's T20 Challenge|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> [[Trailblazers (Women's T20 Challenge)|Trailblazers]] defeated [[Supernovas (Women's T20 Challenge)|Supernovas]] by 16 runs in the final to win their maiden title.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19201/report/1235589/trailblazers-vs-supernovas-final-womens-t20-challenge|title=Smriti Mandhana 68, Salma Khatun three-for lead Trailblazers to 2020 Women's T20 Challenge title|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
The season was watched by 105 million unique viewers in India, an increase of 47% compared to the previous season. It recorded 5.34 billion viewing minutes, representing a 2.45-fold growth over the 2019 edition.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women's T20 Challenge 2020 logs 'record-breaking viewership', 147% rise in viewing minutes|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/women-t20-challenge-2020-logs-record-breaking-viewership-147-rise-in-viewing-minutes-1245490|access-date=2022-02-24|work=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Squads==<br />
On 11 October 2020, BCCI announced squads and schedule for Women's T20 Challenge.<ref name="WC">{{cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/215560/bcci-announces-squads-for-women-s-t20-challenge |title=BCCI ANNOUNCES SQUADS FOR WOMEN'S T20 CHALLENGE |work=www.iplt20.com |access-date=11 October 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" Style="font-size:95%;"<br />
|-<br />
! [[IPL Supernovas]]<ref name="WC" /><br />
! [[IPL Trailblazers]]<ref name="WC" /><br />
! [[IPL Velocity]]<ref name="WC" /><br />
|-<br />
|valign=top|<br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Harmanpreet Kaur]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]]) <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jemimah Rodrigues]] ([[captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]]) <br />
* {{flagicon|SL}} [[Chamari Atapattu]]<br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Priya Punia]] <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anuja Patil]] <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Radha Yadav]] <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Taniya Bhatia]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]]) <br />
* {{flagicon|SL}} [[Shashikala Siriwardene]] <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Poonam Yadav]]<br />
* {{flagicon|BAR}} [[Shakera Selman]] <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arundhati Reddy]] <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pooja Vastrakar]] <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayushi Soni]]<br />
* {{flagicon|SA}} [[Ayabonga Khaka]] <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Muskan Malik (cricketer)|Muskan Malik]]<br />
|valign=top|<br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Smriti Mandhana]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])<br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Deepti Sharma]] ([[captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]]) <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Punam Raut]] <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Richa Ghosh]] <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dayalan Hemalatha]] <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nuzhat Parween]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])<br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rajeshwari Gayakwad]] <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Harleen Deol]] <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jhulan Goswami]] <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Simran Bahadur]]<br />
* {{flagicon|BAN}} [[Salma Khatun]] <br />
* {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Sophie Ecclestone]] <br />
* {{flagicon|THA}} [[Natthakan Chantam]] <br />
* {{flagicon|BAR}} [[Deandra Dottin]] <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kashvee Gautam]]<br />
|valign=top|<br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mithali Raj]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])<br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Veda Krishnamurthy]] ([[captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]])<br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shafali Verma]] <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sushma Verma]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])<br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ekta Bisht]] <br />
* <s>{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mansi Joshi]]</s><br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shikha Pandey]] <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Devika Vaidya]] <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sushree Dibyadarshini]] <br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Manali Dakshini]] <br />
* {{flagicon|NZ}} [[Leigh Kasperek]] <br />
* {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Danni Wyatt]] <br />
* {{flagicon|SA}} [[Suné Luus]] <br />
* {{flagicon|BAN}} [[Jahanara Alam]]<br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} Murali Anagha<br />
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Meghna Singh]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Natthakan Chantam]] became the first Thai cricketer to be represented in this tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/30089247/sophie-ecclestone-deandra-dottin-chamari-atapattu-overseas-stars-women-t20-challenge |title=Sophie Ecclestone, Deandra Dottin, Chamari Atapattu among overseas stars at Women's T20 Challenge |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=11 October 2020}}</ref> Overseas players [[Sophie Devine]], [[Suzie Bates]], [[Nat Sciver]], [[Stafanie Taylor]], [[Amelia Kerr]], [[Lea Tahuhu]] and [[Hayley Matthews]] were not part of the 2020 edition, due to the fixture clash with the [[2020–21 Women's Big Bash League season]] in Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/114484/womens-cricket-t20-challenge-to-be-held-from-november-4-to-9-mithali-raj-smriti-mandhana-harmanpreet-kaur |title=Women's T20 Challenge to be held from November 4 to 9 |work=Cricbuzz |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=11 October 2020}}</ref> [[Mansi Joshi]] was ruled out of Women's T20 Challenge due to testing positive for COVID-19.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/114545/mansi-joshi-ruled-out-of-wt20-challenge |title=Mansi Joshi ruled out of Women's T20 Challenge |work=Cricbuzz |date=16 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref> [[Meghna Singh]] was named as her replacement in Velocity squad.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/30125343/mansi-joshi-tests-positive-covid-19-miss-women-t20-challenge |title=Mansi Joshi tests positive for Covid-19, to miss Women's T20 Challenge |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=16 October 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Points table==<br />
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR<br />
|update=complete<br />
|show_tie=no<br />
|source=<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/table/series/19201/season/2020/women's-t20-challenge|title=Women's T20 Challenge-Points Table|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 October 2020|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
|team1=TBZER |team2=SNOVA |team3=VELOC<br />
|result1=Q |result2=Q<br />
<br />
|win_SNOVA=1 |loss_SNOVA=1 |rs_SNOVA=272 |or_SNOVA=40.0 |rc_SNOVA=273 |ob_SNOVA=39.5<br />
|win_TBZER=1 |loss_TBZER=1 |rs_TBZER=193 |or_TBZER=27.5 |rc_TBZER=193 |ob_TBZER=40.0<br />
|win_VELOC=1 |loss_VELOC=1 |rs_VELOC=176 |or_VELOC=39.5 |rc_VELOC=175 |ob_VELOC=27.5<br />
<br />
|name_SNOVA=[[IPL Supernovas]]<br />
|name_TBZER=[[IPL Trailblazers]]<br />
|name_VELOC=[[IPL Velocity]]<br />
<br />
|col_Q=#cfc<br />
}}<br />
{{Color box|#cfc|border=darkgray}} Advanced to final<br />
<br />
==Round-robin==<br />
{{Limited overs matches <br />
| date = 4 November 2020<br />
| time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| daynight = Yes<br />
| team1 = [[IPL Supernovas]]<br />
| team2 = [[IPL Velocity]]<br />
| score1 = 126/8 (20 overs)<br />
| score2 = 129/5 (19.5 overs)<br />
| runs1 = [[Chamari Atapattu]] 44 (39)<br />
| wickets1 = [[Ekta Bisht]] 3/22 (4 overs)<br />
| runs2 = [[Suné Luus]] 37[[not out|*]] (21)<br />
| wickets2 = [[Ayabonga Khaka]] 2/27 (4 overs)<br />
| result = IPL Velocity won by 5 wickets<br />
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1235586.html Scorecard]<br />
| venue = [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium]], [[Sharjah]]<br />
| toss = IPL Velocity won the toss and elected to bowl.<br />
| motm = [[Suné Luus]] (IPL Velocity)<br />
| umpires = [[Yeshwant Barde]] and [[Ulhas Gandhe]]<br />
| round =<br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{Limited overs matches <br />
| date = 5 November 2020<br />
| time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| daynight = <br />
| team1 = [[IPL Velocity]]<br />
| team2 = [[IPL Trailblazers]]<br />
| score1 = 47 (15.1 overs)<br />
| score2 = 49/1 (7.5 overs)<br />
| runs1 = [[Shafali Verma]] 13 (9)<br />
| wickets1 = [[Sophie Ecclestone]] 4/9 (3.1 overs)<br />
| runs2 = [[Deandra Dottin]] 29[[not out|*]] (28)<br />
| wickets2 = [[Leigh Kasperek]] 1/5 (2 overs)<br />
| result = IPL Trailblazers won by 9 wickets<br />
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1235587.html Scorecard]<br />
| venue = [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium]], [[Sharjah]]<br />
| toss = IPL Velocity won the toss and elected to bat.<br />
| motm = [[Sophie Ecclestone]] (IPL Trailblazers)<br />
| umpires = [[Pashchim Pathak]] and [[Krishnamachari Srinivasan]]<br />
| round =<br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
----<br />
{{Limited overs matches <br />
| date = 7 November 2020<br />
| time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| daynight = Yes<br />
| team1 = [[IPL Supernovas]]<br />
| team2 = [[IPL Trailblazers]]<br />
| score1 = 146/6 (20 overs)<br />
| score2 = 144/5 (20 overs)<br />
| runs1 = [[Chamari Atapattu]] 67 (48)<br />
| wickets1 = [[Jhulan Goswami]] 1/17 (4 overs)<br />
| runs2 = [[Deepti Sharma]] 43[[not out|*]] (40)<br />
| wickets2 = [[Radha Yadav]] 2/30 (4 overs)<br />
| result = IPL Supernovas won by 2 runs<br />
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1235588.html Scorecard]<br />
| venue = [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium]], [[Sharjah]]<br />
| toss = IPL Supernovas won the toss and elected to bat.<br />
| motm = [[Chamari Atapattu]] (IPL Supernovas)<br />
| umpires = [[Yeshwant Barde]] and [[Anil Dandekar]]<br />
| round =<br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Final==<br />
{{Limited overs matches <br />
| date = 9 November 2020<br />
| time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| daynight = Yes<br />
| team1 = [[IPL Trailblazers]]<br />
| team2 = [[IPL Supernovas]]<br />
| score1 = 118/8 (20 overs) <br />
| score2 = 102/7 (20 overs)<br />
| runs1 = [[Smriti Mandhana]] 68 (49)<br />
| wickets1 = [[Radha Yadav]] 5/16 (4 overs)<br />
| runs2 = [[Harmanpreet Kaur]] 30 (36)<br />
| wickets2 = [[Salma Khatun]] 3/18 (4 overs)<br />
| result = IPL Trailblazers won by 16 runs<br />
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1235589.html Scorecard]<br />
| venue = [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium]], [[Sharjah]]<br />
| toss = IPL Supernovas won the toss and elected to field. <br />
| motm = [[Smriti Mandhana]] (IPL Trailblazers)<br />
| umpires = [[Yeshwant Barde]] and [[Ulhas Gandhe]]<br />
| notes = IPL Trailblazers won the 2020 Women's T20 Challenge.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/_/id/19201/season/2020/women's-t20-challenge Series home at ESPNcricinfo]<br />
<br />
{{Women's T20 Challenge}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Women's T20 Challenge]]<br />
[[Category:2019–20 Indian women's cricket]]<br />
[[Category:Women's Twenty20 cricket competitions]]<br />
[[Category:Cricket events postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic|Women's T20 Challenge, 2020]]<br />
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Indian-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tranquebar_Treaty_of_1620&diff=541785Tranquebar Treaty of 16202025-11-12T13:12:40Z<p>RobbyAyres: done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Treaty between Denmark-Norway and the Thanjavurian Nayak Kingdom}}<br />
{{Infobox treaty|name=Tranquebar Treaty of 1620|long_name=Treaty between Raghunatha Nayak and Christian IV|image=Den 19. november 1620 signerede Nayaka Raghunata af Thanjavur en aftale med Kong Christian 4.jpg|context=[[Danish East India Company]] tries to establish a colony in India|date_signed=19 November 1620|location_signed=[[Tanjore]]|negotiators={{Flagicon|Denmark-Norway}} [[Roland Crappé]]<br />{{Flagicon|Denmark-Norway}} [[Ove Gjedde]]<br />[[Raghunatha Nayak]]|signatories={{Flagicon|Denmark-Norway}} [[Christian IV]]<br />Raghunatha Nayak|parties={{flag|Denmark-Norway}}<br />[[Thanjavur Nayak kingdom]]}}<br />
The '''Tranquebar Treaty of 1620''' ({{Langx|da|Trankebar traktaten af 1620}}) formally the '''Treaty between Raghunatha Nayak and Christian IV''', was a treaty of friendship between the [[Thanjavur Nayak kingdom]] and [[Denmark–Norway]] in 1620. The treaty would establish Danish [[Tranquebar]]: a base that would be the headquarters of [[Danish India]] for the next 200 years.<br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
in 1618 [[Christian IV of Denmark]] and the newly established [[Danish East India Company]] sent an expedition under the leadership of [[Ove Gjedde]] to [[Ceylon]], with the intention of securing the [[Danish Monarchy]] as a part of the Asiatic trade.{{Sfn|Brimnes|2018}} The negotiations on Ceylon proved to be unsuccessful and the expedition tried their luck on the [[Coromandel Coast]].{{Sfn|Brimnes|2018}} [[Roland Crappé]], a member of the expedition who had former ties to the [[Thanjavur Nayak kingdom]], got an audience with the Nayak of Thanjavur [[Raghunatha Nayak|Raghunatha]] through some of his friends.{{Sfn|Svane|2020}} The Nayak had seen a benefit in bonding with another [[European Powers|European power]] in the hopes of weakening the Portuguese influence in his realm.{{Sfn|Svane|2020}} The Nayak were willing to give the local fishing village of [[Tharangambadi]] to the Danes, and after Ove Gjedde met with the Nayak a treaty was signed.{{Sfn|Svane|2020}}<br />
<br />
== Treaty ==<br />
The treaty had 15 statements including:{{Sfn|Knudsen|2017}}<br />
<br />
* Danes were given the right to trade in Thanjavur<br />
* The Nayak were to defend the members of the [[Church of Denmark]]<br />
* The village of Tharangambadi is to be ceded to the Danes for two years<br />
* The Danes are to be given the right to erect a fort in Tharangambadi<br />
<br />
== Aftermath ==<br />
Tharangambadi (meaning the village with the singing waves) was too hard for the Danes to pronounce, and the village was therefore renamed Tranquebar ({{Langx|da|Trankebar|links=no}}).{{Sfn|Jakobsen|2020}} Tranquebar would thus be ceded to the Danes, and Gjedde would erect [[Fort Dansborg]] in its place. Tranquebar would be the headquarters of Danish trade in India for the next 225 years.{{Sfn|Brimnes|2018}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* {{Annotated link|Dannemarksnagore}}<br />
* {{Annotated link|Dano-Mughal Treaty}}<br />
* {{Annotated link|Danish India}}<br />
* {{Annotated link|Siege of Dansborg (1624)}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Ref-list}}<br />
<br />
== Works cited ==<br />
<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Brimnes |first=Niels |url=https://danmarkshistorien.dk/vis/materiale/trankebar |title=Tranquebar, 1620-1845 |publisher=danmarkshistorien.dk |year=2018 |language=Danish}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Asgar |first=Svane |url=https://videnskab.dk/kultur-samfund/christian-iv-droemte-om-guld-og-krydderier-fra-indien-saadan-blev-tranquebar-en-dansk-koloni/ |title=Christian IV drømte om guld og krydderier fra Indien: Sådan blev Tranquebar en dansk koloni |publisher=videnskab.dk |year=2020 |language=Danish}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Karin |first=Knudsen |url=https://www.foreningen-trankebar.dk/145955965.html |title=Traktat |publisher=foreningen-trankebar.dk |year=2017 |language=Danish}}<br />
* {{Cite book |last=Jakobsen |first=Johnny |url=https://navn.ku.dk/maanedens_navn/tranquebar/ |title=Tranquebar – Danmarks første tropekoloni og dens navne |publisher=Københavns universitet |year=2020 |language=Danish}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Treaties of Denmark–Norway]]<br />
[[Category:1620s in Danish India]]<br />
[[Category:1620 in India]]<br />
[[Category:1620 in Denmark]]<br />
[[Category:Christian IV of Denmark]]<br />
[[Category:Mayiladuthurai district]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ajitanatha&diff=448806Ajitanatha2025-11-05T19:27:07Z<p>RobbyAyres: Structure improved and content revised</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Second Tirthankara in Jainism}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox deity<br />
| type = Jain<br />
| deity_of = 2nd Jain [[Tirthankara]]<br />
| image = Idol of Ajitnatha at Taranga.jpg<br />
| caption = Tirthankara Ajitnatha at Shri Ajitnath Bhagwan Shwetamber Jain Derasar, [[Taranga Jain temple|Taranga]]<br />
| alt = Ajitanatha<br />
| venerated_in = [[Jainism]]<br />
| symbol = [[Elephant]]<br />
| color = [[Gold (color)|Golden]]<br />
| father = Jitaśatru<br />
| mother = Vijayādevī<br />
| height = 450 ''[[Dhanusha (unit)|dhanush]]'' (1,350 meters)<br />
| age = 72 lakh purvas (508.032 x 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; years old)<br />
| tree = ''Saptaparna'' ([[Alstonia scholaris]])<br />
| predecessor = [[Rishabhanatha]]<br />
| successor = [[Sambhavanatha]]<br />
| birth_place = [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]]<br />
| dynasty = [[Solar dynasty|Ikṣvākuvaṁśa]]<br />
| siblings = [[Sagara (Hinduism)#Jainism|Sagara]] &lt;br&gt; (step-brother/cousin)<br />
}}<br />
{{Jainism}}<br />
'''Ajitanatha''' (lit. invincible) was the second ''[[tirthankara]]'' of the present age, ''avasarpini'' (half [[Jain cosmology#Time cycle|time cycle]]) according to [[Jainism]]. He was born to king Jitashatru and Queen Vijaya at [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]] in the [[Ikshvaku dynasty]]. He was a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its ''[[Karma in Jainism|karma]]''.<br />
<br />
==In Jain texts==<br />
Ajitnatha (lit. invincible){{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2015|p=183}} was the second [[tirthankara]] of the present age, ''avasarpini'' (half [[Jain cosmology#Time cycle|time cycle]] in [[Jain cosmology]]) according to [[Jainism]].{{sfn|Tukol|1980|p=31}} Ajitnatha was born in the town of Saketa to King Jitashatru and Queen Vijaya at [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]] (Vinita-Saketa)&lt;ref name=":0"&gt;{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Umakant Premanand |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_y_P4duSXsC&amp;q=jaina+rupa+mandana |title=Jaina-rūpa-maṇḍana |date=1987 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-208-6 |location=New Delhi |pages=128 |language=en |trans-title=Jaina Iconography}}&lt;/ref&gt; in the [[Ikshvaku dynasty]] on ''magha-shukla-dashmi'' (the tenth day of the bright half of the month of ''[[Magha (month)|Magha]]'').{{sfn|Tukol|1980|p=31}} His height was 450 [[Dhanusha (unit)|bows]] or 2,700 feets.{{sfn|Finegan|1952|p=190}}{{sfn|Finegan|1952|p=191}} He lived for a span of 72 [[lakh]] ''[[purva]]''.{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2015|p=183}}{{sfn|Finegan|1952|p=190}}<br />
<br />
According to [[Hemachandra]], he was named Ajita because the king father was unable to defeat his mother in gambling until he was in her womb. ''Uttarapurana'', a Digambara text, explains that he was named Ajita because he could not be defeated by sins or all heretics.&lt;ref name=":0" /&gt; He attained ''kevala jnana'' under the ''saptaparna'' tree ([[Alstonia scholaris]])&lt;ref name=":0" /&gt; and ''[[Moksha (Jainism)|Moksha]]'' on ''chaitra-shukla-panchmi'' (fifth day of the bright half of the month of ''[[Chaitra]]'') from [[Shikharji]].{{sfn|Krishna|Amirthalingam|2014|p=46}}{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2015|p=183}}&lt;ref name=":0" /&gt; He had 90 ''[[Ganadhara]]s'' and Simhasena was his chief among them. Falgu (according to [[Śvetāmbara|Swetambara]] tradition) or Prakubja (according to [[Digambara]] tradition) was a chief of his order of the nuns.{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2015|p=183}}&lt;ref name=":0" /&gt;<br />
<br />
The ''[[Yajurveda]]'' mentions the name of Ajitanatha, but the meaning is not clear. According to Jain traditions, his younger cousin brother was [[King Sagara|Sagara]]. Sagara, who became the second [[Chakravartin]], is known from the traditions of both [[Hinduism|Hindu]] and Jain scriptures.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |last=Jain |first=Kailash Chandra |title=Antiquity of Jainism |url=http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~pluralsm/affiliates/jainism/article/antiquity.htm |publisher=[[Jainism Literature Center]] |author-link=Kailash Chandra Jain}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=":0" /&gt;<br />
<br />
Ajitanatha is said to have been born 50 ''lakh crore sagara'' after his predecessor, [[Rishabhanatha]].{{sfn|Finegan|1952|p=190}} His successor, [[Sambhavanatha]], is said to have been born 30 ''lakh crore sagara'' after him.{{sfn|Finegan|1952|p=190}}<br />
<br />
== Iconography ==<br />
[[Śvetāmbara|Swetambara]] as well as [[Digambara]] sects consider his complexion golden and elephant as his symbol.&lt;ref name=":0" /&gt; He is associated with ''saptaparna'' tree; Mahayaksha as attendant [[Yaksha]]; and Ajita (as per Swetambra) or Rohini (as per Digambara) as attendant [[Yakshi]]s.{{sfn|Tandon|2002|p=44}}&lt;ref name=":0" /&gt; The elephant, symbol of Ajitanatha, is a [[vahana]] (mount) of the Mahayakshya and Ajita Yakshi seems named after Ajitanatha.&lt;ref name=":0" /&gt;<br />
<br />
==In literature, art and architecture==<br />
===Literature===<br />
* The [[Ajitha purana]], by [[Ranna (Kannada poet)|Ranna]] narrates the story of Ajitanatha.<br />
* ''Ajitashanti Stotra'' compiled by Nandisena in 7th century is a praise to Ajitnatha and [[Shantinatha]].{{Sfn|Cort|2001|p=236}}<br />
<br />
===Major temples===<br />
* [[Taranga Jain temple|Taranga Jain Temple]]<br />
* [[Vasai Jain Temple]] in [[Bhadresar]]<br />
* [[Bandhaji]]{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}<br />
* [[Chaturmukha Basadi, Gerusoppa]]<br />
* [[Dehra Temple]]<br />
&lt;gallery&gt;<br />
File:Kutch Bhadreshwar Jain Temple.jpg|[[Vasai Jain Temple]]<br />
File:Tarangaji Jain temple.jpg|[[Taranga Jain temple|Taranga]], [[Gujarat]] (1121 AD) constructed by [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|King Kumarapala]]<br />
File:Rangmandap, Taranga Jain Temple.jpg|[[Mandapa|Rang mandapa]] of the [[Śvetāmbara|Svetambara]] Jain Temple at Taranga which was originally constructed by [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarpala]] in 1161<br />
File:Chaturmukha basadi, Gerusoppa (cropped).jpg|[[Chaturmukha Basadi, Gerusoppa]]<br />
&lt;/gallery&gt;<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{commons}}<br />
* [[Arihant (Jainism)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
===Citations===<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
===Sources===<br />
* {{citation |last=Finegan |first=Jack |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ae4nAAAAYAAJ |title=The archeology of world religions |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=1952 }}<br />
* {{citation |last=Jain |first=Vijay K. |author-link=Vijay K. Jain |title=Acarya Samantabhadra's Svayambhustotra: Adoration of The Twenty-four Tirthankara |date=2015 |publisher=[[Vikalp Printers]] |isbn=978-81-903639-7-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xI8HBgAAQBAJ |quote={{PD-notice}} |ref={{sfnref|Vijay K. Jain|2015}} |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916101903/https://books.google.com/books?id=xI8HBgAAQBAJ |archive-date=16 September 2015 }}<br />
* {{citation |last1=Krishna |first1=Nanditha |author-link=Nanditha Krishna |last2=Amirthalingam |first2=M. |author-link2=M. Amirthalingam |title=Sacred Plants of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M_xsAwAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |date=2014 |orig-year=2013 |isbn=978-9-351-18691-5 }}<br />
* {{citation |last=Tandon |first=Om Prakash |author-link=Om Prakash Tandon |title=Jaina Shrines in India |publisher=[[Publications Division]], [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]], [[Government of India]] |isbn=81-230-1013-3 |date=2002 |orig-year=1968 |edition=1 |location=[[New Delhi]] }}<br />
*{{citation |last=Tukol |first=T. K. |author-link=T. K. Tukol |title=Compendium of Jainism |publisher=[[University of Karnataka]] |date=1980 |location=[[Dharwad]] }}<br />
* {{citation |last=Johnson |first=Helen M. |author-link=Helen Moore Johnson |title=Ajitanathacaritra (Book 2 of the Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra) |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/jainism/book/trishashti-shalaka-purusha-caritra/d/doc212572.html |publisher=[[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda#Oriental Institute|Baroda Oriental Institute]] |date=1931 }}<br />
* {{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PZk-4HOMzsoC |title=Jains in the World: Religious Values and Ideology in India |first=John E. |last=Cort |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=2001 |isbn=9780198030379 }}<br />
<br />
{{Jain Gods}}<br />
{{Jainism topics}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ajitnath}}<br />
[[Category:Tirthankaras]]<br />
[[Category:Solar dynasty]]<br />
[[Category:People from Faizabad]]<br />
[[Category:Ancient Indian people]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sundarlal_Sharma&diff=538287Sundarlal Sharma2025-10-28T10:37:36Z<p>RobbyAyres: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian activist}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br />
[[File:Sundarlal Sharma 1990 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Post stamp released from [[Indian government]] in 1990]] Pandit '''Sundarlal Sharma''' (21 December 1881 — 28 December 1940)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hashmi |first=Amir |title=Johar Gandhi (The Journey of Mahatma Gandhi in Chhattisgarh) |publisher=Meer Publication |year=2021 |isbn=979-8778794061 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=144–146 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pandit Sundarlal Sharma Samman |url=https://cgculture.in/samman_front_list.aspx?id=b+BwWpMAMnob7ASQtTuUyg== |work=Directorate of Culture and Archaeology |publisher=[[Government of Chhattisgarh]] |access-date=17 April 2021 |archive-date=27 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127154017/http://cgculture.in/samman_front_list.aspx?id=b+BwWpMAMnob7ASQtTuUyg== |url-status=live }}</ref> was a key figure in the [[Separatist movements of India|independence movement]] from [[Chhattisgarh]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/independence-day-special-know-chhattisgarhs-jal-satyagraha-1502673246.html |title=Independence Day Special: Did you know of Chhattisgarh's Jal Satyagraha? |author1=Ashish Singh |author2=Shruti Chakraborty |publisher=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=14 August 2018 |access-date=17 April 2021}}</ref> He was largely responsible for ushering in political and social consciousness to Chhattisgarh. In 1920, he started the canal satyagraha, also known as the Nahar satyagraha, at a village called Kandel in [[Dhamtari]] Tehsil. Chhattisgarh has a [[Pandit Sundarlal Sharma (Open) University|university]] in the name of Pandit Sundarlal Sharma.<ref name="pssou">{{cite web |title=Pandit Sundarlal Sharma |url=http://pssou.ac.in/Pandit.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417000120/http://pssou.ac.in/Pandit.aspx |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=17 April 2021 |publisher=[[Pandit Sundarlal Sharma (Open) University]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Biography ==<br />
Pt. Sundarlal Sharma was born in a village of Chandrasur near [[Raipur]] and spent most of his life in Raipur. He was under influence of [[Mahatma Gandhi]], and, in particular, he organized Gandhi's visit to Raipur in 1920. At the time, he has already been active in the local level politics, with the goal of implementing social reforms such as abolition of [[Caste|castes]] and integrating untouchables into society. Later, he entered politics at the national level and represented [[Madhya Pradesh]] in the [[Indian independence movement]]. He was acquainted with the leading Indian reformers of the time, including Gandhi, [[Madan Mohan Malaviya]], and [[Lala Lajpat Rai]].{{fact|date=August 2024}}<br />
<br />
In 1920, Sharma started the [[Satyagraha|Kandel Nahar Satyagraha]] in Kandel, Dhamtari. This was an act of [[civil resistance]] against an [[Economy of India under the British Raj#Irrigation|irrigation tax]] by the [[British Raj]].<ref>{{cite book |title=January 2019 Exams Exclusive |author=Dheeraj Sharma |year=2019 |page=39}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1921-22 he was arrested by the authorities, which is considered to be the first arrest in Chhattisgarh related to the independence movement.<ref name="pssou"/><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Sundarlal}}<br />
[[Category:Politicians from Chhattisgarh]]<br />
[[Category:1881 births]]<br />
[[Category:1940 deaths]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreshore_Estate&diff=470167Foreshore Estate2025-09-29T18:43:57Z<p>RobbyAyres: </p>
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<div>{{moresources|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Foreshore Estate<br />
| other_name = <br />
| settlement_type = neighbourhood<br />
| image_skyline = Sun Network Headquarters as seen from Foreshore Estate.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = Sun Network Headquarters as seen from Foreshore Estate.<br />
| nickname = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Chennai#Tamil Nadu#India<br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|13.0301|N|80.2771|E<br />
|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chennai District]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = Metro<br />
| subdivision_name3 = Chennai<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = Chennai Corporation<br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = 53<br />
| population_total = <br />
| population_as_of = <br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]s<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = <br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = CMDA<br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency<br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = Chennai Corporation<br />
| website = {{URL|www.chennai.tn.nic.in}}<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Foreshore Estate''' (பட்டினப்பாக்கம்)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find link |url=https://edwardbetts.com/find_link/%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=edwardbetts.com}}</ref> is a neighbourhood in [[Chennai]], India. It is situated along the southern stretch of the [[Marina Beach]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-25 |title=Baywatch: A walk from Foreshore Estate to Besant Nagar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/A-walk-in-the-sun/article14588917.ece |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref> The proposed Marina Business centre commercial complex on 25&nbsp;acre land at Foreshore Estate in Chennai, is planned to develop by the State Government of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-02 |title=25-acre business centre at Foreshore Estate to be a Chennai landmark |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/25-acre-business-centre-at-foreshore-estate-to-be-a-chennai-landmark/articleshow/85854021.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
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It is one of the primary sites in the city for the immersion of the [[Ganesh]] (Vinayaka) idols during the annual [[Ganesh Chaturthi|Ganesh festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-16 |title=Big dip: 20,000 cops to keep order as 2,300 Ganesh idols head to sea on Sunday |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/big-dip-20000-cops-to-keep-order-as-2300-ganesh-idols-head-to-sea-on-sunday/articleshow/65825751.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> The idols are first paraded down South [[Marina Beach]] (Kamaraj Salai) before being brought to Foreshore Estate for immersion in the sea. The festival takes place in September. Some of the buses plying through Foreshore Estate are 6A, 6D, 12B, 21B, 21D, 21E, 21L, 27D, PP51, PP19, PP21 and PP66.<br />
<br />
==Location in context==<br />
<br />
{{Geographic Location<br />
|title = '''Areas of Chennai'''<br />
|Northwest = [[Mandaveli]]<br />
|North = [[Santhome]]<br />
|Northeast = [[Bay of Bengal]]<br />
|West = [[Mandaveli]]<br />
|Centre = Foreshore Estate<br />
|East = [[Bay of Bengal]]<br />
|Southwest = [[Raja Annamalaipuram]]<br />
|South = [[MRC Nagar]] / [[Adyar Estuary]]<br />
|Southeast = [[Bay of Bengal]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Picture Gallery==<br />
<gallery class="center"><br />
File:Foreshore-Ganesh.jpg|Immersion of Ganesh at Foreshore Estate<br />
File:Adyar Creek at Foreshore Estate.jpg|Adyar Creek at Foreshore Estate<br />
File:Aftermath of Cyclone Nilam - A ship pushed to shore - Foreshore Estate.jpg|Aftermath of [[Cyclone Nilam]] - A ship pushed to shore - Foreshore Estate<br />
File:Foreshore Estate MTC bus stand.jpg|Foreshore Estate MTC bus stand.<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Foreshore_Estate&params=13.0301_N_80.2771_E_type:city_region:IN-TN GeoHack - Pattinapakkam]<br />
<br />
{{Neighborhoods of Chennai}}<br />
{{Chennai Topics}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Coastal neighbourhoods of Chennai]]<br />
<br />
{{Chennai-geo-stub}}</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charumati&diff=447106Charumati2025-09-26T14:25:37Z<p>RobbyAyres: fixes</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Mauryan Princess}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=October 2014}}<br />
{{distinguish|text = [[Charumitra (disambiguation)|Charumitra]] or the character Charumati in the TV show ''[[Chandra_Nandini#Recurring_cast|Chandra Nandini]]'' }}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| image = Charumati_Stupa,_Kathmandu_(2023)_-_img_01.jpg<br />
| caption = The [[Charumati Stupa|Charumati Vihara]] stupa (pictured) was built by Charumati<br />
| spouse = Devapala<br />
| father = [[Ashoka]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Charumati''' ([[Brahmi]]: 𑀘𑀸 𑀭𑀼𑀼 𑀫𑀓𑀻), sometimes called '''Charumitra''',<ref>{{cite book|title=Bauddha Adhyayana Kī Bhāratīya Patrika, Volume 8|page=74|year=1996|publisher=Tara Book Agency|author=BJK Institute of Buddhist & Asian Studies}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Jk6oE4sh18C&dq=%22Charumitra%22&pg=PA193|page=193|title=India and Nepal: Sacred Centres and Anthropological Researches|author=Makhan Jha|year=1998|isbn=9788175330818|publisher=M.D. Publications}}</ref> was a daughter of the Indian [[Maurya Empire|Maurya]] Emperor [[Ashoka]] and his chief queen, Empress [[Asandhimitra]]. She was trained in nursing and caregiving by her foster mother and is believed to have tended to Emperor Ashoka in his later years.<ref>'''Dhanavajra Vajracharya''', Licchavikalin Abhilekha, Kathmandu : Nepal Asiali Adyayan Sansthan, 2030 B.S. p-392</ref> <br />
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She was married to a Nepalese prince, '''Devapala Kshatriya''', and settled in the Kathmandu Valley. She is credited with founding the monastery of [[Chabahil]] (called [[Charumati Stupa|Charumati Vihara]]), which is considered one of the oldest extant Buddhist monasteries of Nepal. <br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Charumati accompanied her father Ashoka on his Buddhist pilgrimage along with his spiritual teacher Upagupta, and according to later traditions, she helped establish the Buddhist order in Nepal. Several scriptures and chronicles, including Nepalese Buddhist oral traditions, describe her journey and role in spreading the teachings of the Buddha in the Himalayas.<ref>[http://www.thingsasian.com/stories-photos/2331 Thingsasian]</ref> <br />
<br />
While references to her were found in texts, no archaeological proof existed until 2003, when a brick bearing inscriptions with her name was discovered during restoration of the Dhando Chaitya in Chabahil. The upper face is inscribed with ''Cha Ru Wa Ti'' in Brahmi, and with ''Cha Ru Wa Ti Dhande / He Tu Pra Bha'' in Bhujimol script. The brick measures 35.5 cm × 23 cm × 7 cm and weighs 8.6 kg. <br />
<br />
==Charumati Vihara (Chabahil Stupa)==<br />
The [[Charumati Stupa]] or '''Chabahil Stupa''' is a large Buddhist monument built under her patronage in Kathmandu, Nepal. It remains an important religious site and is surrounded by monasteries and Shakya households who maintain the daily rituals and festivals associated with it. The vihara is unique in that it links the Mauryan imperial Buddhist legacy with the localized Newar Buddhist traditions of the Kathmandu Valley. <br />
<br />
==Lineage and Present-day Descendants==<br />
Charumati’s marriage to Devapala symbolically united the Mauryan imperial house of India with the Kshatriya-Buddhist ruling clans of Nepal. According to both Buddhist chronicles and oral traditions preserved by Newar Buddhist priests, her descendants continued to live around the Chabahil area. <br />
<br />
Today, several families of the '''Shakya community''' in Chabahil and surrounding localities claim descent from the line of Devapala and Charumati.<ref>{{cite book|title=Licchavikalin Abhilekha|author=Dhanavajra Vajracharya|publisher=Nepal Asiali Adyayan Sansthan|year=1973 |page=392 |language=ne}}</ref> These families are recognized as hereditary custodians of the Charumati Bihar and play a key role in maintaining its rituals. This connection is often highlighted as a living link between the Mauryan bloodline and present-day Nepalese Buddhist traditions. <br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
* Establishment of one of the oldest known Buddhist stupas in Nepal. <br />
* Preservation of Mauryan imperial bloodline through intermarriage with Nepalese Kshatriya clans. <br />
* Revered as a symbol of the Maurya–Nepal connection and as a cultural bridge between India and Nepal. <br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of Stupas in Nepal]]<br />
* [[Buddhism in Nepal]]<br />
* [[Ashoka]]<br />
* [[Chabahil]]<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Nepal}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Nepalese royalty]]<br />
[[Category:Mauryan princesses]]<br />
[[Category:Children of Ashoka]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Buddhists]]<br />
[[Category:Nepalese Buddhists]]<br />
<br />
{{Nepal-royal-stub}}</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guhila_(clan)&diff=501285Guhila (clan)2025-09-11T15:05:54Z<p>RobbyAyres: started new entry from scratch...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Clan of Rajputs}}<br />
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br />
{{for|the dynasty of Medapata (Mewar)|Guhila dynasty}}<br />
'''Guhila''' is a clan of [[Rajput]]s and claims to be descendant from the [[Solar dynasty|Suryavanshi]] lineage .<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mondini |first=Umberto |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GQR_DwAAQBAJ&dq=guhila+suryavanshi&pg=PA18 |title=The Cult of Pābūjī |date=2018-12-12 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-5275-2320-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Brajadulal Chattopadhyay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=21SgAAAAMAAJ|title=Studying Early India: Archaeology, Texts and Historical Issues|date=2006|publisher=Anthem|isbn=978-1-84331-132-4|pages=116|quote="The period between the seventh and the twelfth century witnessed gradual rise of a number of new royal-lineages in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, which came to constitute a social-political category known as 'Rajput'. Some of the major lineages were the Pratiharas of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and adjacent areas, the Guhilas and Chahamanas of Rajasthan, the Caulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Rajasthan and the Paramaras of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan."|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=David Ludden|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pBq9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT79|title=India and South Asia: A Short History|date=2013|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-78074-108-6|page=89|quote=In the ninth century Cahamanas (Chauhans), Paramaras (Pawars), Guhilas (Sisodias) and Caulukyas were splitting off from sprawling Gurjara Pratihara clans...|language=en}}</ref> They ruled a number of kingdoms and principalities including Mitaron,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=omdDAAAAYAAJ |title=India Today |date=1999 |publisher=Thomson Living Media India Limited |language=en}}</ref> [[Udaipur State|Mewar]], [[Banswara State|Banswara]], [[Dungarpur State|Dungarpur]], [[Pratapgarh State|Pratapgarh]], [[Shahpura State|Shahpura]], [[Bhavnagar State|Bhavnagar]], [[Palitana State|Palitana]], [[Lathi, Gujarat|Lathi]] and [[Vala State|Vala]].<ref name="AK_2012">{{cite book |title=Rethinking State Politics in India: Regions Within Regions |editor-first=Ashutosh |editor-last=Kumar |publisher=Routledge |year=2012 |isbn=9781136704000 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ypKoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA400 |first=Sanjay |last=Lodha |chapter=Subregions, Identity, and Nature of Political Competition in Rajasthan |page=400}}</ref><ref name="VS_1994">{{cite book|author=Virbhadra Singhji|title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&pg=PA38|year=1994|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7154-546-9|page=38}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
The [[Guhilas of Medapata]] belonged to this clan. The Atpur Inscription of 977 AD lists 20 kings starting with Guhadatta and ending with Saktikumara. Major cities included [[Nagda, Rajasthan|Nagahrada]] and Aghata. [[Chittor]] was captured by [[Bappa Rawal]] in the 8th century. The Guhilas fought the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]]s in the 11th century and the [[Chaulukya]]s in the 12th century. During the reign of [[Jaitrasimha]] (1213–1252 AD), Nagahrada was sacked by [[Iltutmish]]. Then Samarasimha (1273–1301 AD) submitted to Ulugh Khan before Ratnasimha was defeated by [[Alauddin Khalji]] in 1303 when [[Chittor Fort]] was captured.<ref name="sen">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=29–30}}</ref> <br />
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According to 1274 CE Chittor inscription and 1285 CE [[Achaleshwar Mahadev Temple|Achaleshwar]] ([[Mount Abu|Abu]]) inscription of Vedasharma, Bappa Rawal "changed his priestly splendour for regal lustre". Based on this, scholars such as [[D. R. Bhandarkar]] theorized that the Guhilas were originally [[Brahmin]]s. [[G. H. Ojha]], however, believed that the statement in Vedasharma's inscription is a misinterpretation of the earlier Atpur inscription. The Atpur inscription describes Guhadatta as a "Mahideva", which according to historian R. V. Somani, can be translated as either "king" or "Brahmin"<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ|title=History of Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D.|last=Somānī|first=Rāmavallabha|date=1976|publisher=Mateshwari Publications|language=en}}</ref><br />
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In present-day [[Rajasthan]], the Gahlot Rajputs ruled the princely states of [[Banswara State|Banswara]], [[Dungarpur State|Dungarpur]], [[Udaipur State|Mewar]], [[Pratapgarh State|Pratapgarh]] and [[Shahpura State|Shahpura]].<ref name="AK_2012"/><br />
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In [[Gujarat]], they are generally referred to as [[Gohil dynasty|Gohil]] and ruled the princely states of [[Bhavnagar State|Bhavnagar]], [[Palitana State|Palitana]], [[Lathi, Gujarat|Lathi]] and [[Vala State|Vala]] and [[Rajpipla]].<ref name="VS_1994"/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Rajput clans]]<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kingdom of Mewar]]<br />
[[Category:Rajput clans]]<br />
[[Category:Rajput clans of Rajasthan]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake_Gardens&diff=511572Lake Gardens2025-08-06T00:34:44Z<p>RobbyAyres: </p>
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<div>{{No footnotes|date=June 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
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| official_name = <br />
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| native_name = <!-- if different from the English name --><br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood in Kolkata (Calcutta) <!-- e.g. Town, Village, City, etc.--><br />
| total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --><br />
| motto = <!-- images and maps -----------><br />
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| image_dot_map = <br />
| dot_mapsize = <br />
| dot_map_caption = <br />
| dot_x = <br />
| dot_y = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Kolkata<br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kolkata<br />
<!-- Location ------------------>| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = State<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = City<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kolkata]] <br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]]<br />
| subdivision_type4 = [[Kolkata Metro|Metro Station]]<br />
| subdivision_name4 = [[Rabindra Sarobar metro station|Rabindra Sarobar]]<br />
<!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government -->| seat_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]<br />
| seat = [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]<br />
| parts_type = [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation|KMC]] ward<br />
| parts_style = <!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format)<br />
Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5--><br />
| parts = [[Ward No. 93, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|93]]<!-- parts text, or header for parts list --><br />
| p1 = <br />
| p2 = <!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--> <br />
<!-- Politics ----------------->| government_footnotes = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| leader_title = <br />
| leader_name = <br />
| leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --><br />
| leader_name1 = <br />
| established_title = <!-- Settled --><br />
| established_date = <!-- Area ---------------------><br />
| area_magnitude = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric--><br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--><br />
| area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion--><br />
| area_water_km2 = <br />
| area_total_sq_mi = <br />
| area_land_sq_mi = <br />
| area_water_sq_mi = <br />
| area_water_percent = <!-- Elevation --------------------------><br />
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--><br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| elevation_ft = 36<!--From Google Earth--><br />
| elevation_max_m = <br />
| elevation_max_ft = <br />
| elevation_min_m = <br />
| elevation_min_ft = <!-- Population -----------------------><br />
| population_as_of = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| population_note = <br />
| population_total = <br />
| population_density_km2 = <!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto --><br />
| population_density_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------><br />
| timezone = IST<br />
| utc_offset = +5:30<br />
| timezone_DST = <br />
| utc_offset_DST = <br />
| coor_type = <!-- can be used to specify what the coordinates refer to --><br />
| coordinates = {{coord|22.50355|N|88.3492|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->| postal_code_type = PIN<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --><br />
| postal_code = 700 045<br />
| area_code = +91 33<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kolkata Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Dakshin]]<br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Rashbehari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rashbehari]]<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lake Gardens''' is a [[neighbourhood]] of [[South Kolkata]], in [[Kolkata district]], West Bengal, India.<br />
It has [[Kalighat]] to the north, [[Jodhpur Park]] to the east, [[Prince Anwar Shah Road]] or [[Tollygunge]] to the south and [[Charu Market]] to the west. <br />
<br />
The famous Golf Course of Tollygunge is a couple of kilometres away and south of Lake Gardens.<br />
<br />
Aban Mahal and [[Rabindra Sarobar]] are some of the tourist attractions in the vicinity.<br />
It is well known for its proximity to [[South City Mall]], [[Jadavpur University]], Tollygunge tram depot, [[Rabindra Sarobar]]. For its excellent connectivity to all parts of the city, the real estate rates are one of the highest in Kolkata city.<br />
<br />
==Transport==<br />
Rabindra Sarobar metro station is only 5 mins auto ride from the locality and through the main road you can get state bus, private bus, mini bus, volvo bus, auto and all forms of public transport available in Kolkata.<br />
<br />
The great transport connection to important parts of city including Howrah, Sealdah, Gariahat, Esplanade, Salt Lake makes it one of the best sought after places in Kolkata.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Wikivoyage-inline|Kolkata/South}}<br />
<br />
{{Neighbourhoods in South Kolkata}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Kolkata]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Little_Singham&diff=513360Little Singham2025-08-04T16:50:33Z<p>RobbyAyres: Redirect article</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Rohit Shetty's Cop Universe#Animated series]]<br />
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<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=March 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}<br />
'''Raghunath Singh''' (1911 &ndash; 26 April 1992) was an Indian politician [[Indian National Congress]] leader and was the first Member of Parliament. He belongs to a village Khewali, [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Varanasi]], being elected in 1952, 1957 and 1962. He was the Chairman of [[Hindustan Zinc Limited]] in 1968. He was the Chairman of [[Shipping Corporation of India]] in 1977. He was born in Khewali, Varanasi<br />
and died on 26 April 1992 in [[Varanasi, India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-12-07 |title=Lok Sabha |url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/lokprelist.aspx?lsno=1 |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207062122/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/lokprelist.aspx?lsno=1 |archive-date=2013-12-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-30 |title=Indian Parliament THE FIRST LOK SABHA |url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok01/lok01.htm |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131130142925/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok01/lok01.htm |archive-date=2013-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1951 India General (1st Lok Sabha) Elections Results |url=https://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/1951-election-results.html#google_vignette |access-date=2025-02-21 |website=www.elections.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Raghunath}}<br />
[[Category:Politicians from Varanasi]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1952–1957]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1957–1962]]<br />
[[Category:India MPs 1962–1967]]<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:1911 births]]<br />
[[Category:1992 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:People from Varanasi]]<br />
<br />
{{UttarPradesh-INC-politician-stub}}</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shasti_viratham&diff=466161Shasti viratham2025-03-19T12:43:36Z<p>RobbyAyres: minor refined page after review and updated info for accuracy</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Shashthi Vrata]]<br />
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<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| office = Member of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency = [[Basudevpur Assembly constituency|Basudevpur]]<br />
| term_start = 2019<br />
| term_end = 2024<br />
| profession = Politician<br />
| predecessor = Bijayshree Routray<br />
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Bishnubrata Routray''' is an Indian politician from Odisha. He was a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]], representing [[Basudevpur Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Biju Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Basudevpur Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Basudevpur Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/odisha-assembly-election/basudevpur-constituency/ |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Basudevpur Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/basudevpur-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8917254.html |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]<br />
* [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Routray, Bishnubrata}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]<br />
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Odisha-BJD-politician-stub}}</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sikrari&diff=535859Sikrari2024-12-03T10:17:08Z<p>RobbyAyres: </p>
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<div>{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Sikrari<br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = Village<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| image_map = Tundla block Sikrari.png<br />
| map_caption = Map showing Sikrari in Tundla block<br />
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|27.25094|N|78.25717|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = [[India]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Tundla]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/><br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 1.478<br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 2636<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/><br />
| demographics_type1 = <br />
| demographics1_title1 = <br />
| demographics1_info1 = <br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = <br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Sikrari''' ({{IAST|Sikrārī}}) is a village in [[Tundla]] block of [[Firozabad district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. As of 2011, it has a population of 2,636, in 431 households.<br />
<br />
== Demographics ==<br />
As of 2011, Sikrari had a population of 2,636, in 431 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|71}} This population was 53.5% male (1,410) and 46.5% female (1,226).<!-- Census 2011 B, p. 86 --> The 0-6 age group numbered 372 (198 male and 174 female), making up 14.1% of the total population.<!-- Census 2011 B, p. 86 --> 691 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 26.2% of the total.<!-- Census 2011 B, p. 87 --><ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|86–7}}<br />
<br />
The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Sikrari as having a population of 1,389 people (781 male and 608 female), in 240 households and 234 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|162–3}}<br />
<br />
The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Sikrari as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 799 people (417 male and 382 female), in 109 households and 93 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 379 acres and At that time he had a doctor whose name was Thakur Mahendra Singh..<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|lxxxii}}<br />
<br />
== Infrastructure ==<br />
As of 2011, Sikrari had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 71-2 --> Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 73 --> The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 74, 6 --> Streets were made of ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 75 --><ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|71–6}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Firozabad district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhakta_Prahlada&diff=490756Bhakta Prahlada2024-11-03T15:39:59Z<p>RobbyAyres: started stub</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Bhakta Prahlada''' means "devotee [[Prahlada]]", a devotional character in Hindu mythology. It may refer to:<br />
<br />
* [[Bhakta Prahlada (1932 film)|''Bhakta Prahlada'' (1932 film)]]<br />
* [[Bhakta Prahlada (1942 Telugu film)|''Bhakta Prahlada'' (1942 Telugu film)]]<br />
* [[Bhakta Prahlada (1942 Kannada film)|''Bhakta Prahlada'' (1942 Kannada film)]]<br />
* [[Bhakta Prahlad (1946 film)|''Bhakta Prahlad'' (1946 film)]], Hindi film<br />
* [[Bhakta Prahlad (1958 film)|''Bhakta Prahlad'' (1958 film)]], [[List of Assamese films of the 1950s|Assamese film]]<br />
* [[Bhakta Prahlada (1958 film)|''Bhakta Prahlada'' (1958 film)]], Kannada film<br />
* [[Bhakta Prahlada (1967 film)|''Bhakta Prahlada'' (1967 film)]], Telugu film<br />
* [[Bhakta Prahlada (1983 film)|''Bhakta Prahlada'' (1983 film)]], Kannada film<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Prahlada (disambiguation)]]<br />
** [[Prahlada (film)|''Prahlada'' (film)]], Malayalam film made in 1941<br />
** [[Prahalada (film)|''Prahalada'' (film)]], Tamil film made in 1939<br />
<br />
{{disambiguation}}</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_urban_local_bodies_in_Puducherry&diff=513277List of urban local bodies in Puducherry2024-05-24T02:51:01Z<p>RobbyAyres: new article</p>
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<div>{{short description|None}}<br />
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{{Orphan|date=February 2022}}<br />
<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}<br />
[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] consists of 5<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sec.puducherry.gov.in/sec_electoral_roll/files/stat1.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 December 2016 |archive-date=13 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213023930/http://www.sec.puducherry.gov.in/sec_electoral_roll/files/stat1.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[municipalities]]. Two of them are located in [[Puducherry district]], while the other is located in [[Karaikal district]], [[Mahe district]], and [[Yanam district]]. All the municipalities come under the local administration department of the Government of Puducherry.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.py.gov.in/knowpuducherry/dept_localadministration.html |title=Local Administration-Departments-Know Puducherry: Government of Puducherry |website=www.py.gov.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824062033/https://www.py.gov.in/knowpuducherry/dept_localadministration.html |archive-date=2014-08-24}} </ref><br />
<br />
==List ==<br />
<br />
===Puducherry District===<br />
* [[Pondicherry Municipality]]–The total area is 19.46&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. The 2011 population was 2,44,377. The Municipality is divided into 42 wards comprising 8 Assembly Constituencies.<br />
* [[Ozhukarai]] or Oulgaret Municipality–The total area is 36.75&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. The 2011 population was 3,00,150. The Municipality is divided into 37 wards.<br />
<br />
===Karaikal District===<br />
* [[Karaikal]]–the Population as per 2011 census is 86,838. It is divided into 18 wards.<br />
<br />
===Mahe District===<br />
* [[Mahe Municipality]]–The 2011 population was 41,816. It is divided into 15 wards.<br />
<br />
===Yanam District===<br />
* [[Yanam]]–The 2011 population was 55,626. It is divided into 10 wards.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Geographic location<br />
|Centre = Pondicherry district<br />
|North = <br />
|Northeast = <br />
|East = ''[[Bay of Bengal]]''<br />
|Southeast = <br />
|South = <br />
|Southwest = [[Cuddalore district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|West = <br />
|Northwest = [[Viluppuram district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Puducherry}}<br />
{{States and territories of India}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Municipalities in Puducherry}}<br />
[[Category:Puducherry-related lists]]<br />
[[Category:Cities and towns in Puducherry]]</div>RobbyAyreshttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vadavukode&diff=543258Vadavukode2024-03-15T18:10:45Z<p>RobbyAyres: Redirect article</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Vadavucode]] {{R from merge}}</div>RobbyAyres