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10th Orissa Legislative Assembly

2026-05-05T05:30:56Z

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{{Short description|10th state legislature of the Indian state of Orissa}}
{{Infobox legislative term
| background_color = #248342
| name = 10th Orissa Legislative Assembly
| before = [[9th Orissa Legislative Assembly|9th Assembly]]
| after = [[11th Orissa Legislative Assembly|11th Assembly]]
| image = File:Odisha Vidhan Soudha.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Front view of Odisha Vidhan Saudha, [[Bhubaneshwar]] (2010)
| meeting_place = Odisha Vidhan Saudha, [[Bhubaneshwar]], [[Orissa]], [[India]]
| election = [[1990 Orissa Legislative Assembly election]]
| website = {{URL|https://assembly.odisha.gov.in/}}
| chamber1 = '''[[Orissa Legislative Assembly]]'''
| government = [[Janata Dal]]
| opposition = [[Indian National Congress]]
| term_start = 3 March 1990
| term_end = 15 March 1995
| membership1 = 147
| chamber1_leader1_type = [[List of governors of Orissa|Governor]]
| chamber1_leader1 = [[Yagya Dutt Sharma (Punjab politician)|Yagya Dutt Sharma]] [[Saiyid Nurul Hasan]] (Acting) [[B. Satya Narayan Reddy]]
| chamber1_leader2_type = [[List of speakers of the Orissa Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| chamber1_leader2 = [[Yudhistir Das]], [[Janata Dal|JD]]
| chamber1_leader3_type = [[List of speakers of the Orissa Legislative Assembly#Deputy Speaker|Deputy Speaker]]
| chamber1_leader3 = Prahlad Dora, [[Janata Dal|JD]]
| chamber1_leader4_type = Leader of the House ([[List of Chief Ministers of Orissa|Chief Minister]])
| chamber1_leader4 = [[Biju Patnaik]], [[Janata Dal|JD]]
| chamber1_leader5_type = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Orissa Legislative Assembly|Leader of Opposition]]
| chamber1_leader5 = No Official Opposition{{efn|No party was able to secure 10% of the assembly strength i.e. 14 Seats}}
| control1 = [[Janata Dal]] (123/147)
| module = 17 Sessions with 239 Sittings
| chamber1_image = File:India Odisha Legislative Assembly 1990.svg
| chamber1_image_size = 300px
| chamber1_image_caption = House Composition as assembly begins
}}

The '''Tenth [[Orissa Legislative Assembly]]''' was convened after [[1990 Orissa Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2025 |title=Result to Odisha Legislative Assembly Election, 1990 |url=https://hindi.eci.gov.in/files/file/3626-%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE-1990/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

== Brief history ==
The Congress Party which was in power from 1980 to 1990 had lost the confidence of the people because of continuous intra-party squabbles and allegation of corruption. [[Janata Dal]] led by [[Biju Patnaik]] came to power after winning in landslide 123 seats. Chief Minister [[Biju Patnaik]] along with 9 Cabinet Ministers, 5 Minister of State and 1 Deputy Minister were administered the oath of office and secrecy by Governor [[Yagya Dutt Sharma (Punjab politician)|Yagya Dutt Sharma]] on 15 March 1990. Further cabinet was expanded/reshuffled on 24 July 1990, 1 January 1991, 4 December 1991 and 4 January 1993. Shri Patnaik resigned on 15 March 1995 following his party's defeat in [[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Das|first=Dr. Sthitaprajna|last2=Panigrahi|first2=Puspalata|date=14 July 2024|title=A study on the state legislative assembly elections in Odisha (1952-2024)|url=https://www.journalofpoliticalscience.com/uploads/archives/6-2-1-681.pdf|journal=International Journal of Political Science and Governance|volume=6|issue=2|pages=28–33|via=P-ISSN: 2664-6021, E-ISSN: 2664-603X, Impact Factor (RJIF): 5.92}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC: Orissa 1990 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/1990/orissa/92/www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/1990/orissa/92/6 |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=LIST OF MEMBERS OF ODISHA LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |website=Orissa Reference Annual 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Dr. Sthitaprajna |last2=Panigrahi |first2=Puspalata |date=14 July 2024 |title=A study on the state legislative assembly elections in Odisha (1952-2024) |url=https://www.journalofpoliticalscience.com/uploads/archives/6-2-1-681.pdf |journal=International Journal of Political Science and Governance |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=28–33 |via=E-ISSN: 2664-603X, P-ISSN: 2664-6021}}</ref>

== House Composition ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Strength
|-
!'''Assembly Begins'''
!'''Assembly Dissolves'''
|-
![[Janata Dal|'''Janata''' '''Dal''']]
|123
|116
|-
![[Indian National Congress]]
|10
|10
|-
![[Communist Party of India]]
|5
|5
|-
![[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|2
|3
|-
![[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] / Orissa Communist Party
|1
|1
|-
![[Independent politician|Independent]]
|6
|8
|}

== Office Bearers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Post
!Portrait
!Name
! colspan="2" |Tenure
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''[[List of governors of Orissa|Governor]]'''
|[[File:Yagya_Dutt_Sharma.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Yagya Dutt Sharma (Punjab politician)|Yagya Dutt Sharma]]
|Assembly Begins
|1 February 1993
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |N/A
|-
|[[File:Saiyid_Nurul_Hasan_16_(cropped).jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Saiyid Nurul Hasan]] {{small|(Additional Charge)}}
|1 February 1993
|31 May 1993
|-
|[[File:B._Satya_Narayan_Reddy_portrait.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[B. Satya Narayan Reddy]]
|1 June 1993
|Assembly Dissolves
|-
|'''[[List of speakers of the Orissa Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]'''
|[[File:Yudhisthir_Das.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Yudhistir Das]] {{small|MLA from [[Kissannagar Assembly Constituency|Kissannagar]]}}
|9 March 1990
|22 March 1995
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|'''[[List of speakers of the Orissa Legislative Assembly#Deputy Speakers|Deputy Speaker]]'''
| [[File:Prahlad Dora.jpg|100x100px]]
|Prahlad Dora {{small|MLA from [[Chitrakonda Assembly constituency|Chitrakonda]]}}
|20 March 1990
|15 March 1995
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|'''[[Chief Minister of Orissa|Leader of the House]] '''{{Small|(Chief Minister) Leader of JD Legislature Party}}
|[[File:Biju-Patnaik.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Biju Patnaik]] {{small|MLA from [[Bhubaneswar Assembly constituency|Bhubaneswar]]}}
|5 March 1990
|15 March 1995
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|Minister for [https://pa.odisha.gov.in/ Parliamentary Affairs]
|[[File:Bijoy_Mohapatra_MLA.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Bijoy Mohapatra]] {{small|MLA from [[Patkura Assembly constituency|Patkura]]}}
|15 March 1990
|15 March 1995
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[List of leaders of the opposition in the Orissa Legislative Assembly|'''Leader of Opposition''']]
| colspan="6" |No Official Opposition
|-
|[[Speaker of the Lok Sabha#Pro tem speaker|Pro tem Speaker]]
| [[File:Ghasiram Majhi.jpg|100x100px]]
|Ghasiram Majhi {{small|MLA from [[Nuapada Assembly constituency|Nawapara]]}}
|5 March 1990
|7 March 1990
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|}

== Council of Ministers ==
{{Transcluded section|source=Second Biju Patnaik ministry}}
{{trim|{{#Section-h:Second Biju Patnaik ministry|Council of Ministers}}}}

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|+[https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf Source]
!District
!AC. No.
!Constituency
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
!Remarks
|-
| rowspan="11" | [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]]
| 1
| [[Karanjia Assembly constituency|Karanjia (ST)]]
| Raghunath Hembram
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 2
| [[Jashipur Assembly constituency|Jashipur (ST)]]
| Mangal Singh Mudi
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 3
| [[Bahalda Assembly constituency|Bahalda (ST)]]
| Khelaram Mahali
| {{party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|
|-
| 4
| [[Rairangpur Assembly constituency|Rairangpur (ST)]]
| [[Chaitanya Prasad Majhi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 5
| rowspan="2" | [[Bangriposi Assembly constituency|Bangriposi (ST)]]
| [[Sudam Marndi]]
| {{party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|Disqualified on 7 January 1992 under Article 190 (3) of the Constitution for a period of 3 years.
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Vacant''' (since 7 January 1992)
|-
| 6
| [[Kuliana Assembly constituency|Kuliana (ST)]]
| Kanhu Soren
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 7
| [[Baripada Assembly constituency|Baripada]]
| Chhatish Chandra Dhal
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 8
| [[Baisinga Assembly constituency|Baisinga (ST)]]
| Ananta Charan Majhi
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 9
| [[Khunta Assembly constituency|Khunta (ST)]]
| [[Birabhadra Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 10
| [[Udala Assembly constituency|Udala (ST)]]
| Rohidas Soren
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="14" | [[Balasore district|Baleshwar]]
| 11
| [[Bhograi Assembly constituency|Bhograi]]
| [[Kamala Das (Politician)|Kamala Das]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 12
| [[Jaleswar, Odisha Assembly constituency|Jaleswar]]
| [[Aswini Kumar Patra]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 13
| [[Basta Assembly constituency|Basta]]
| Raghunath Mohanty
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 14
| [[Balasore Assembly constituency|Balasore]]
| Arun Dey
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|
|-
| 15
| [[Soro Assembly constituency|Soro]]
| [[Kartik Mohapatra]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
| 16
| [[Simulia Assembly constituency|Simulia]]
| Parsuram Panigrahi
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 17
| [[Nilgiri Assembly constituency|Nilgiri]]
| Chittaranjan Sadangi
| {{party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 18
| rowspan="2" | [[Bhandaripokhari Assembly constituency|Bhandaripokhari (SC)]]
| [[Arjun Charan Sethi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|Resigned in May 1996 on his election to [[10th Lok Sabha]].
|-
|Prafulla Kumar Jena
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|Won in 1991 Bypoll.
|-
| 19
| [[Bhadrak Assembly constituency|Bhadrak]]
| [[Prafulla Samal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 20
| rowspan="2" | [[Dhamnagar Assembly constituency|Dhamnagar]]
| Hrudananda Malliki
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|Expired on 1 March 1990.
|-
|Manas Ranjan Mallik
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|Won in 1990 Bypoll.
|-
| 21
| [[Chandabali Assembly constituency|Chandbali (SC)]]
| [[Bairagi Jena]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 22
| [[Basudevpur Assembly constituency|Basudevpur]]
| [[Bijayshree Routray]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="29" | [[Cuttack district|Cuttack]]
| 23
| [[Sukinda Assembly constituency|Sukinda]]
| Prafulla Chandra Ghadai
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 24
| [[Korei Assembly constituency|Korai]]
| [[Ashok Kumar Das]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 25
| rowspan="2" | [[Jajpur Assembly constituency|Jajpur (SC)]]
| [[Jagannath Mallick]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|Resigned on 16 November 1994.
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Vacant''' (since 16 November 1994)
|-
| 26
| [[Dharmasala Assembly constituency|Dharamsala]]
| Gurcharan Tikayat
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 27
| [[Barchana Assembly constituency|Barchana]]
| Amar Prasad Satpathy
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 28
| [[Bari-derabisi Assembly constituency|Bari-Derabisi]]
| Kulamani Rout
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 29
| [[Binjharpur Assembly constituency|Binjharpur (SC)]]
| [[Pramila Mallik]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 30
| [[Aul Assembly constituency|Aul]]
| [[Sushree Devi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 31
| rowspan="3" | [[Patamundai Assembly constituency|Patamundai (SC)]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Radhakanta Sethy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|
|-
| {{party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|Recognized as Independent member on 19 September 1991.
|-
|
| Orissa Communist Party
|Recognized as Orissa Communist Party member on 4 March 1992.
|-
| 32
| [[Rajanagar Assembly constituency|Rajnagar]]
| Nalinikanta Mohanty
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 33
| [[Kendrapara Assembly constituency|Kendrapara]]
| [[Bed Prakash Agarwal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 34
| [[Patkura Assembly constituency|Patkura]]
| [[Bijoy Mohapatra]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 35
| [[Tirtol Assembly constituency|Tirtol]]
| [[Basant Kumar Biswal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
| 36
| [[Ersama Assembly constituency|Ersama]]
| [[Damodar Rout]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 37
| [[Balikuda-Erasama Assembly constituency|Balikuda]]
| Umesh Swain
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 38
| [[Jagatsinghpur Assembly constituency|Jagatsinghpur (SC)]]
| [[Bishnu Charan Das]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 39
| [[Kissannagar Assembly Constituency|Kissannagar]]
| [[Yudhistir Das]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|Speaker
|-
| 40
| [[Mahanga Assembly constituency|Mahanga]]
| [[Sarat Kumar Kar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 41
| [[Salipur Assembly constituency|Salepur (SC)]]
| Kalindi Charan Behera
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 42
| [[Gobindpur, Odisha Assembly constituency|Gobindpur]]
| Rabindra Kumar Mallick
| {{party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|
|-
| 43
| [[Cuttack Sadar Assembly constituency|Cuttack Sadar]]
| Rajendra Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 44
| [[Cuttack City Assembly constituency|Cuttack City]]
| [[Syed Mustafiz Ahmed]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 45
| [[Choudwar-Cuttack Assembly constituency|Choudwar]]
| Raj Kishore Ram
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 46
| [[Banki Assembly constituency|Banki]]
| Ghanasyam Sahoo
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 47
| [[Athagarh Assembly constituency|Athgarh]]
| [[Ranendra Pratap Swain]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 48
| [[Baramba Assembly constituency|Baramba]]
| Trilochan Singh Deo
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="21" | [[Puri district|Puri]]
| 49
| [[Balipatna Assembly constituency|Balipatna (SC)]]
| Hrusikesh Nayak
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 50
| [[Bhubaneswar Assembly constituency|Bhubaneswar]]
| [[Biju Patnaik]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|'''Chief Minister'''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 51
| rowspan="2" | [[Jatani Assembly constituency|Jatni]]
| rowspan="2" | Sarat Chandra Paikray
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|Expelled from party on 25 January 1995.
|-
| {{party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|
|-
| 52
| [[Pipili Assembly constituency|Pipli]]
| [[Pradeep Maharathy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 53
| [[Nimapara Assembly constituency|Nimapara (SC)]]
| Benudhara Sethy
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 54
| [[Kakatpur Assembly constituency|Kakatpur]]
| [[Surendra Nath Naik]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 55
| rowspan="2" | [[Satyabadi Assembly constituency|Satyabadi]]
| rowspan="2" | Chandramadhab Mishra
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|Expelled from party on 25 January 1995.
|-
| {{party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 56
| rowspan="3" | [[Puri Assembly constituency|Puri]]
| [[Braja Kishore Tripathy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|Resigned in May 1996 on his election to [[10th Lok Sabha]].
|-
| rowspan="2" |Umaballav Rath
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|Won in 1991 Bypoll, Expelled from party on 25 January 1995.
|-
| {{party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|
|-
| 57
| [[Brahmagiri Assembly constituency|Brahmagiri]]
| [[Ajay Kumar Jena]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 58
| rowspan="2"| [[Chilika Assembly constituency|Chilka]]
| [[Biswabhusan Harichandan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|Resigned on 6 November 1994.
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Vacant''' (since 6 November 1994)
|-
| 59
| [[Khurda Assembly constituency|Khurda]]
| [[Prasanna Kumar Patasani]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 60
| [[Begunia Assembly constituency|Begunia]]
| Surendranath Mishra
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 61
| [[Ranpur Assembly constituency|Ranpur]]
| Sarat Chandra Mishra
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 62
| [[Nayagarh Assembly constituency|Nayagarh]]
| [[Bhagabat Behera]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 63
| [[Khandapada Assembly constituency|Khandapara]]
| Arun Kumar Pattnaik
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 64
| [[Daspalla Assembly constituency|Daspalla]]
| [[Rudra Madhab Ray]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="15" | [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]]
| 65
| [[Jaganathprasad Assembly constituency|Jaganathprasad (SC)]]
| [[Madhaba Nanda Behera|Madhabananda Behera]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 66
| [[Bhanjanagar Assembly constituency|Bhanjanagar]]
| [[Ramakrushna Gouda|Rama Krushna Gouda]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 67
| [[Surada Assembly constituency|Suruda]]
| [[Shanti Devi (Odisha politician)|Shanti Devi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 68
| [[Aska Assembly constituency|Aska]]
| [[Duti Krushna Panda]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|
|-
| 69
| [[Kabisuryanagar Assembly constituency|Kabisuryanagar]]
| [[Nityananda Pradhan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|
|-
| 70
| [[Kodala Assembly constituency|Kodala]]
| [[Ram Krushna Patnaik]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 71
| [[Khalikote Assembly constituency|Khallikote]]
| [[V. Sugnana Kumari Deo]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 72
| [[Chhatrapur Assembly constituency|Chatrapur]]
| Parsuram Panda
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|
|-
| 73
| [[Hinjili Assembly constituency|Hinjili]]
| Harihar Sahu
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 74
| [[Gopalpur, Odisha Assembly constituency|Gopalpur (SC)]]
| Rama Chandra Sethy
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 75
| [[Berhampur Assembly constituency|Berhampur]]
| Binayak Mahapatra
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 76
| [[Chikiti Assembly constituency|Chikiti]]
| [[Usha Devi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 77
| [[Mohana Assembly constituency|Mohana]]
| [[Surjya Narayan Patro]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 78
| [[Ramagiri Assembly constituency|Ramagiri (ST)]]
| Haladhara Karji
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
| 79
| [[Paralakhemundi Assembly constituency|Parlakhemundi]]
| Darappu Lachana Naidu
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="15" | [[Koraput district|Koraput]]
| 80
| [[Gunupur Assembly constituency|Gunupur (ST)]]
| Rama Murthy Gomango
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 81
| [[Bissam Cuttack Assembly constituency|Bissam-cuttack (ST)]]
| Sarangadhar Kadraka
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 82
| [[Rayagada Assembly constituency|Rayagada (ST)]]
| [[Ramachandra Ulaka]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
| 83
| [[Laxmipur Assembly constituency|Lakshmipur (ST)]]
| Akhilla Saunta
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 84
| [[Pottangi Assembly constituency|Pottangi (ST)]]
| [[Jayaram Pangi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 85
| [[Koraput Assembly constituency|Koraput]]
| [[Harish Chandra Buxipatra]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 86
| rowspan="2" | [[Malkangiri Assembly constituency|Malkangiri (SC)]]
| Naka Kanaya
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|Expired on 2 April 1992.
|-
|[[Arabinda Dhali]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Won in 1992 Bypoll.
|-
| 87
| [[Chitrakonda Assembly constituency|Chitrakonda (ST)]]
| Prahalad Dora
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|Deputy Speaker
|-
| 88
| [[Kotpad Assembly constituency|Kotpad (ST)]]
| Sadan Naik
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 89
| [[Jeypore Assembly constituency|Jeypore]]
| [[Raghunath Patnaik]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
| 90
| [[Nabarangpur Assembly constituency|Nowrangpur]]
| Habibulla Khan
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
| 91
| [[Kodinga Assembly constituency|Kodinga (ST)]]
| Shyamaghan Majhi
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 92
| [[Dabugam Assembly constituency|Dabugam (ST)]]
| Jadav Majhi
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 93
| [[Umerkote Assembly constituency|Umarkote (ST)]]
| Gurubari Majhi
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="8" | [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]]
| 94
| [[Nuapada Assembly constituency|Nawapara]]
| Ghasiram Majhi
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 95
| [[Khariar Assembly constituency|Khariar]]
| [[Duryodhan Majhi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 96
| [[Dharmagarh Assembly constituency|Dharamgarh (SC)]]
| Bharat Bhusan Bemal
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 97
| [[Koksara Assembly constituency|Koksara]]
| Surendra Pattjoshi
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 98
| [[Junagarh Assembly constituency|Junagarh]]
| [[Bikram Keshari Deo]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
| 99
| [[Bhawanipatna Assembly constituency|Bhawanipatna (SC)]]
| Ajit Das
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 100
| [[Narla Assembly constituency|Narla (ST)]]
| Balabhadra Majhi
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 101
| [[Kesinga Assembly constituency|Kesinga]]
| [[Kiran Chandra Singh Deo]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Kandhamal district|Phulabani]]
| 102
| [[Baliguda Assembly constituency|Balliguda (ST)]]
| Bhagaban Kanhar
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 103
| [[Udayagiri, Odisha Assembly constituency|Udayagiri (ST)]]
| [[Nagarjuna Pradhan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
| 104
| [[Phulbani Assembly constituency|Phulbani (SC)]]
| [[Padmanabha Behera|Padmanabha Behara]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 105
| [[Boudh Assembly constituency|Boudh]]
| Satchidananda Dalal
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="9" | [[Balangir district|Balangir]]
| 106
| [[Titlagarh Assembly constituency|Titilagarh (SC)]]
| Jogendra Behera
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 107
| [[Kantabanji Assembly constituency|Kantabanji]]
| Prasanna Pal
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 108
| [[Patnagarh Assembly constituency|Patnagarh]]
| Bibekananda Meher
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 109
| [[Saintala Assembly constituency|Saintala]]
| Jangyeswar Babu
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 110
| [[Loisingha Assembly constituency|Loisingha]]
| [[Narasingha Mishra]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 111
| [[Bolangir Assembly constituency|Bolangir]]
| [[Ananga Udaya Singh Deo]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 112
| [[Sonepur Assembly constituency|Sonepur (SC)]]
| Kunduru Kushal
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 113
| [[Binka Assembly constituency|Binka]]
| Panchanan Mishra
| {{party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|
|-
| 114
| [[Birmaharajpur Assembly constituency|Birmaharajpur]]
| Rabirarayan Panigrahi
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="9" | [[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]]
| 115
| [[Athmallik Assembly constituency|Athmallik]]
| [[Nagendra Kumar Pradhan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 116
| [[Angul Assembly constituency|Angul]]
| Adwait Prasad Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 117
| rowspan="2" | [[Hindol Assembly constituency|Hindol (SC)]]
| Trinath Nayak
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|Expired on 17 October 1992.
|-
|Patta Nayak
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|Won in 1993 Bypoll.
|-
| 118
| [[Dhenkanal Assembly constituency|Dhenkanal]]
| [[Tathagata Satpathy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 119
| [[Gondia, Odisha Assembly constituency|Gondia]]
| [[Nandini Satpathy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
| 120
| [[Kamakhyanagar Assembly constituency|Kamakhyanagar]]
| [[Prasanna Pattnaik]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 121
| [[Pallahara Assembly constituency|Pallahara]]
| [[Nrusingha Charan Sahu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 122
| [[Talcher Assembly constituency|Talcher (SC)]]
| Brundaban Behera
| {{party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|
|-
| rowspan="14" | [[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]]
| 123
| [[Padampur Assembly constituency|Padampur]]
| [[Bijaya Ranjan Singh Bariha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 124
| [[Melchhamunda Assembly constituency|Melchhamunda]]
| Murari Prasad Mishra
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 125
| rowspan="2" | [[Bijepur Assembly constituency|Bijepur]]
| Nikunja Bihari Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|Expired on 24 August 1991.
|-
|Kishorimani Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|Won in 1991 Bypoll.
|-
| rowspan="2" | 126
| rowspan="2" | [[Bhatli Assembly constituency|Bhatli (SC)]]
| Kumar Behera
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|Disqualified on 1 December 1994 under the Tenth Schedule of the Constitution of India.
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Vacant''' (since 1 December 1994)
|-
| 127
| [[Bargarh Assembly constituency|Bargarh]]
| [[Prasanna Acharya]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 128
| [[Sambalpur Assembly constituency|Sambalpur]]
| Durga Shankar Patanaik
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
| 129
| [[Brajarajnagar Assembly constituency|Brajarajnagar]]
| Prasanna Kumar Panda
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|
|-
| 130
| [[Jharsuguda Assembly constituency|Jharsuguda]]
| [[Kishore Kumar Mohanty]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 131
| [[Laikera Assembly constituency|Laikera (ST)]]
| [[Hemananda Biswal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
| 132
| [[Kuchinda Assembly constituency|Kuchinda (ST)]]
| Brundaban Majhi
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 133
| [[Rairakhol Assembly constituency|Rairakhol (SC)]]
| Basanta Kumar Mahanada
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 134
| [[Deogarh Assembly constituency|Deogarh]]
| Pradipta Ganga Deb
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| rowspan="7" | [[Sundergarh district|Sundergarh]]
| 135
|[[Sundargarh Assembly constituency|Sundargarh]]
| Bharatendra Shekhar Deo
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 136
|[[Talsara Assembly constituency|Talsara (ST)]]
| Ranjeet Bhitria
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 137
|[[Rajgangpur Assembly constituency|Rajgangpur (ST)]]
| [[Mangala Kisan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 138
| [[Biramitrapur Assembly constituency|Biramitrapur (ST)]]
| Satya Narayan Pradhan
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 139
| [[Rourkela Assembly constituency|Rourkela]]
| [[Dilip Kumar Ray]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 140
| [[Raghunathpali Assembly constituency|Raghunathpali (ST)]]
| Rabi Dehury
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 141
| [[Bonai Assembly constituency|Bonai (ST)]]
| [[Jual Oram]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Kendujhar district|Keonjhar]]
| 142
| [[Champua Assembly constituency|Champua (ST)]]
| Saharai Oram
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 143
| [[Patna Assembly constituency|Patna]]
| Kanhu Charan Naik
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 144
| [[Keonjhar Assembly constituency|Keonjhar (ST)]]
| Chhotaray Majhi
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 145
| [[Telkoi Assembly constituency|Telkoi (ST)]]
| Niladri Nayak
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 146
| [[Ramchandrapur, Odisha Assembly Constituency|Ramchandrapur]]
| [[Badri Narayan Patra]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|-
| 147
| [[Anandapur Assembly constituency|Anandapur (SC)]]
| Dasarathi Jena
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|
|}

== Bypolls ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|+[https://assembly.odisha.gov.in/DocumentDetails/historicalbackground/historical-background.pdf Source]
!Year
!Constituency
!Reason for by-poll
!Winning candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| April 1990
| [[Dhamnagar Assembly constituency|Dhamnagar]]
| Death of Hrudananda Malliki
| Manas Ranjan Mallik
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |November 1991
| [[Bhandaripokhari Assembly constituency|Bhandaripokhari (SC)]]
| Resignation of [[Arjun Charan Sethi]]
| Prafulla Kumar Jena
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[Puri Assembly constituency|Puri]]
|Resignation of [[Braja Kishore Tripathy]]
|Umaballav Rath
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[Bijepur Assembly constituency|Bijepur]]
|Death of Nikunja Bihari Singh
|Kishorimani Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|June 1992
|[[Malkangiri Assembly constituency|Malkangiri (SC)]]
|Death of Naka Kanaya
|[[Arabinda Dhali]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|May 1993
|[[Hindol Assembly constituency|Hindol (SC)]]
|Death of Trinath Nayak
|Patta Nayak
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Odisha Legislative Assembly}}

[[Category:Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 1990–1995]]
[[Category:Terms of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]]

{{Odisha-stub}}
{{India-gov-stub}}

St. Mary's School, Belgaum

2026-05-02T03:13:18Z

Rkrakeshboro: Done

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = St. Mary's High School
| native_name =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| logo = St. Mary's School, Belgaum logo.jpg
| motto = Serve God in man.
| motto_translation =
| established = {{Start date and age|1851}}
| closed =
| type = Coed
| status =
| category_label =
| category =
| gender_label =
| gender =
| affiliation =
| affiliations =
| administrator =
| assst_admin =
| president =
| chairman_label =
| chairman =
| rector =
| principal =
| asst principal =
| campus_director =
| headmaster = Philips Alvaris
| head_label =
| head =
| head_name2 =
| head2 =
| dean =
| founder =
| chaplain =
| officer_in_charge =
| faculty =
| teaching_staff =
| enrollment = 2496 <ref name=PRIVATESCHOOLSINCATONMENTAREAS>{{cite web|title=INFORMATION ON PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN CATONMENT AREAS of Southern Command - Directorate General Defence Estates - Ministry of Defence, Government of India | url=http://www.dgde.gov.in/sites/default/files/cantonments/INFORMATION%20ON%20PRIVATE%20SCHOOLS%20IN%20CATONMENT%20AREAS%20of%20Southern%20Command.xls}}</ref>
| grades_label =
| grades = LKG-10 ([[Karnataka Secondary Education Examination Board|SSLC]])
| address =
| city = [[Belagavi]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| province =
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|15|51|13|N|74|30|38|E|type:edu_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| latitude =
| longitude =
| district =
| oversight =
| accreditation =
| campus = BC No.145, Camp, Belagavi - 590001
| area = 2.08 Acres <ref name=PRIVATESCHOOLSINCATONMENTAREAS/>
| colors =
| colours =
| athletics =
| houses =
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| nickname =
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| free_label1 =
| free_text1 =
| free_label2 =
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| free_label3 =
| free_text3 =
| test_name =
| test_average =
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| website = {{URL|http://stmarysbgm.com}}
| footnotes =
| picture =
| picture_caption =
| picture2 =
| picture_caption2 =
}}

'''St. Mary's High School''' is a [[co-educational]] [[high school|school]] located in the [[Cantonment]] area in [[Belagavi]], near the Head [[India Posts|Post Office]] of [[Belagavi]], [[India]]<ref name=KSQAAC>{{cite web|title=KSQAAC STUDY- STAGE 2 ALL PHASE RESULT 2014-15.pdf - Karnataka School Quality Assessment and Accreditation Council, PHASE WISE INDICATORS AND LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT -PERCENTAGES AND GRADE-SCHOOL WISE, KSQAAC STUDY -2014-15 | url=http://164.100.80.110/kseeb/docs/KSQAAC/KSQAAC%20STUDY-%20STAGE%202%20ALL%20PHASE%20RESULT%202014-15.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hoax bomb call leads to tension in Belgaum school|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/hoax-bomb-call-leads-to-tension-in-belgaum-school/article1193107.ece|accessdate=5 February 2008|newspaper=The Hindu |location=Karnataka, India}}</ref> and is regulated and supervised by [[Karnataka Secondary Education Examination Board]]. It was founded in 1851. Near by educational institutions are Islamiya College and [[B K Model High School]].

==History==
St. Mary's High School was established in the year 1851 mainly for the children of the British soldiers with 4 pupils then, in 1947 for Anglo-Indians and in 1958 for purely Resident Indian. Late Guruprem D. David served as [[Head teacher|Principal]] for four [[decade]]s.<ref name=GDDF>{{cite web|title=G.D. David Foundation - TRINITY College Belagavi | url=http://trinity.edu.in/gd-david-foundation/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=G.D.David Foundation to commence Commerce and Finishing school|url=http://allaboutbelgaum.com/news/education/g-d-david-foundation-commence-commerce-finishing-school | accessdate=15 December 2014|newspaper=All About Belgaum |location=Karnataka, India}}</ref> Mangal is presently working as [[Head teacher|Principal]], succeeding  Jasmine Rubdi.

[[Satyajit Ray]]'s [[The Apu Trilogy|Apu Trilogy]] featured in the Film Festival held on 15 August 1984 at St. Mary's High School, [[Belgaum]].<ref>{{cite web|title=AJANTA FILM SOCIETY, BELGAUM | url=http://afsbelgaum.blogspot.in/p/ajanta-film-society-belgaum.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Film lovers continue their wait|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/film-lovers-continue-their-wait/article3028487.ece?textsize=large&test=1|accessdate=3 December 2006|newspaper=The Hindu |location=Karnataka, India | author=Staff Correspondent}}</ref>

==Academic standing==

===School song===
The school song is :
<poem>{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}
Day by day, in high and low {{pad|5ex}}
Forward we shall go
Forward like a streaming flow
Hand in hand we go
Helping and upholding
Lowly, weak and poor
Whether be it day or night
We shall do the right.

Chorus: Serving and rejoicing
St. Marians' we go
God in man abiding
Before whom we bow
{{col-break}}
While in study or in play
Praying all the way
Watching, waiting in the way
Lest we go astray
We shall render honor
Glory every hour
This the school we love the most
With the pride we boast
{{col-end}}
</poem>

===Morning Prayer===
Father, we thank Thee for the night,
And for the pleasant morning light;
For rest and food and loving care,
And all that makes the world so fair.

Help us to do the things we should,
To be to others kind and good;
In all we do, in work or play,
To love Thee better day by day

===Co curricular activities===
Students participate in Karnataka Talent Search Examination,<ref>{{cite news|title=KTSE rank holders given prizes|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/KTSE-rank-holders-given-prizes/articleshow/6463040.cms|accessdate=30 August 2010|newspaper=The Times of India |location=Hubli, India| author=TNN}}</ref>
All India General Knowledge Test,<ref>{{cite news|title=Merit scholarship examination|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/merit-scholarship-examination/article4862369.ece|accessdate=29 June 2013|newspaper=The Hindu |location=Karnataka, India}}</ref>
[[Indian Red Cross Society|Karnataka Red Cross]] Examination,
Karnataka Drawing Lower and Higher Grade Examination,<ref>{{cite web|title=DRAWING GRADE EXAMINATION | url=http://164.100.80.110/kseeb/Other_exam_drawing.asp}}</ref>
[[Hindi]] ( हिंदी ) Examination I, II, III conducted by [[:hi"बम्बई हिंदी विद्यापीठ, मुंबई|Hindi school of Bombay]],<ref>{{cite web|title=MUMBAI HINDI VIDYAPEETH | url=http://www.mhvp.org/www2013/index.html}}</ref>
[[Kannada]] ( ಕನ್ನಡ ) : I, II, III by Vishwa Vidya Sadan Trust, [[Bangalore]],
Mathematics and Science by [[National Talent Search Examination]], [[Delhi]],

ANNUAL ALL INDIA [[United Nations|UN]] INFORMATION TEST and poetry.<ref name=AmeetJoshi>{{cite news|title=Ameet Joshi Maverick poet|url=http://allaboutbelgaum.com/lifestyle/young-guns/ameet-joshi-maverick-poet/|accessdate=29 May 2011|newspaper=All About Belgaum |first = Swatee | last=Jog | location=Belagavi, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How big the earth is!|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/DeccanHerald.com/Content/Aug152008/sesame2008081484597.asp|accessdate= 15 August 2008|author =Pavan Gururaj Kulkarni |newspaper=Deccan Herald |location=BELAGAVI, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Alumni of St.Mary's High School honour teacher|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/alumni-of-stmarys-high-school-honour-teacher/article7676036.ece|accessdate= 22 September 2015|first=Vijaykumar | last=Patil |newspaper=The Hindu |location=BELAGAVI, India}}</ref>

The school also has The School Parliament, Literary Association, Children's Art, Photographic, The Science and Nature Club respectively; and an [[Rotary International#Interact|Interact Club]] under [[Rotary International|Rotary Club]] of [[Belgaum]] which is student organisation, where students take part as organisers of inter school events.<ref>{{cite web|title=Our Club - Rotary Club of Belgaum - Facts and Figures | url=http://www.rotaryclubofbelgaum.org/OurClub}}</ref>
<ref name=YoungIndiaservingRuralIndia/>

Students can also be member of [[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps (NCC)]].<ref>{{cite web|title=NCC JUNIOR DIVISION NAVAL TROOP ANNUAL REPORT:–2014-15, S M KULKARNI First Officer, Associate NCC Officer | url=http://www.rashtriyamilitaryschoolbelgaum.in/RMS%20pages/reports/NCC%20%20Naval%20Report.pdf}}</ref>

===Scholarships===
Few scholarships provided are - [[Sri|Shri]] Deepak Santosh Sing Chandalia, Krisnarajira Javalkar, Yashwantrao N. H. Hangirrgekar, Hemandra Turakhia, [[Mrs]]. Manorama P. Shenoy and Shantappa Maroor;
and
Late [[Doctor (title)|Dr]]. N. R. Kulkarni ,<ref>{{cite web|title=Rotary District 3170 | url=https://www.rghfhome.org/first100/districts/districts/3170.htm}}</ref> [[Master (form of address)|Master]] Hemant M. Sanzgiri Memorial, Sub Krishnarao Balawant Sawalekar, Ajit Banahatti, Ramachnadra Chate, [[Shrimati|Smt]]. Manorma Pise, Tejas N. Shanbhag, [[Shrimati|Smt]]. Neelamma Mahadevappa Hugar, [[The Reverend|Rev]] A. V. Rubdi, [[Mr.|Mr]] H. S. Johnson, [[Ms.]] S. A. Rubdi, Naveen Kamble, [[Sri]] Ajit Vamanrao Jadhav scholarships respectively.

===School pledge===
<poem>
India is my country. All Indians are my brothers and sisters.
I love my country and I am proud of its rich and varied heritage.
I shall always strive to be worthy of it.
I shall give my parents, teachers and elders respect and treat everyone with courtesy.
To my country and my people I pledge my devotion.
In their well-being and prosperity alone lies my happiness.
</poem>

==House system==
Students are divided into four [[House system|Houses]] namely [[Yellow]], [[Green]], [[Blue]], and [[Red]]. Each house colour is depicted on the student's [[School uniform|uniform]] as a [[badge]]. They are led by four house leaders.

==(Graduating) Passing Out parade==
The [[Karnataka Secondary Education Examination Board|SSLC]] students ( who will be completing grade 10 public examination commonly referred to as 'class 10 board examinations' ) march for the last time with lamps.

==Sports==
Annual intra house sports event are organised. Students also participate in events of [[Cricket]], [[Table Tennis]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Summer camps in Belgaum – 2014|url=http://allaboutbelgaum.com/news/summer-camps-belgaum-2014//|accessdate=10 April 2014|newspaper=All About Belgaum |location=Belagavi, India}}</ref> [[Association football|Football]] with frequent participation in [[Royceton Gomes Memorial Football Tournament|Royceton Memorial Trophy]] (under 14) which is organised by [[St. Paul's School, Belgaum|St. Paul's School]], [[Belgaum]] ,<ref>{{cite news|author=Staff Correspondent|title=The annual Royceton Gomes Memorial Football Tournament|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/the-annual-royceton-gomes-memorial-football-tournament/article231916.ece|accessdate=17 July 2009|newspaper=The Hindu }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Special Correspondent|title=22 schools to battle it out for Royceton Cup|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/22-schools-to-battle-it-out-for-royceton-cup/article4955233.ece|accessdate=26 July 2013|newspaper=The Hindu }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=St. Paul's High School wins football trophy|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/st-pauls-high-school-wins-football-trophy/article7514642.ece|accessdate=8 August 2015|newspaper=The Hindu | location=BELAGAVI, India }}</ref> [[Swimming (sport)|Swimming]]<ref name=BelgaumSwimmersBringBackLaurels>{{cite news|title=Belgaum swimmers bring back laurels|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/belgaum-swimmers-bring-back-laurels/article5481283.ece|accessdate=20 December 2013|newspaper=The Hindu |location=Karnataka, India|author=Special Correspondent}}</ref> and [[Roller skating|Skating]].<ref name=SaveBabyGirlChild>{{cite news|title=Skating 2,000 km for a noble cause|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/skating-2000-km-for-a-noble-cause/article3767946.ece|accessdate= 14 August 2012|newspaper=The Hindu |location=BELGAUM, India | author = Staff Correspondent}}</ref>

==Notable alumni==
* Late Amin Kittur, [[Backpacking (hiking)|trekker]], Best [[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps (NCC)]] Cadet - awarded by former [[prime minister]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] during [[Delhi Republic Day parade|Republic Day Parade]] at [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Trekker from Belagavi dies on the way to Gangotri|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/trekker-from-belagavi-dies-on-the-way-to-gangotri/article8688999.ece|accessdate= 4 June 2016|newspaper=The Hindu |location=BELAGAVI, India | author = Vijaykumar Patil}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=List of NCC candidates who are Adjudged BEST CADET in RD Camp | url=http://kea.kar.nic.in/SPL_CATEG_PRESS_%20NOTE.htm}}</ref>
* Ameet Joshi<ref name=AmeetJoshi />
* Dr. Ameet Patil<ref>{{cite news|title=Belgaum Young Guns – Dr. Ameet Patil – Spundhan Softwares|url=http://allaboutbelgaum.com/business/belgaum-young-guns-dr-ameet-patil-spundhan-softwares/ | accessdate=21 May 2009|newspaper=All About Belgaum |location=Belagavi, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Embedding Systems Embedding Lives|url=http://allaboutbelgaum.com/business/economy/embedding-systems-embedding-lives/ | accessdate=24 September 2012 | newspaper=All About Belgaum |location=Belagavi, India}}</ref>
* Amankumar Paragi<ref name=SaveBabyGirlChild />
* Shailesh Sharad Joshi, Amrut Pharmaceuticals<ref>{{cite news|title=Amrut scaling great heights under Shailesh Joshi|url=http://allaboutbelgaum.com/lifestyle/young-guns/amrut-scaling-great-heights-under-shailesh-joshi/ | accessdate=1 May 2010 | newspaper=All About Belgaum |location=Belagavi, India}}</ref>
* Sanatkumar Kagwad<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.capgeminisupertechiesshow.com/team/2911 |title= Capgemini Super Techies Show - The Global Technology Based Reality Show - India's first reality show for IT Professionals - TechTree }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://allaboutbelgaum.com/news/3-belgaumites-make-supertechies-show-deepak-bhosle-supertechie/ |title= 3 Belgaumites make it to Supertechies show, Deepak Bhosale is the SuperTechie |accessdate=30 November 2014 | newspaper=All About Belgaum |location=Karnataka, India }}</ref>
* Sourabh Potdar<ref name=YoungIndiaservingRuralIndia>{{cite news|title=Young India serving Rural India|url=http://allaboutbelgaum.com/news/young-india-serving-rural-india/|accessdate=12 December 2011|newspaper=All About Belgaum |location=Belagavi, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tycoons 2008 West Regional Finals: Five Qualify for the Delhi Nationals - Education, Awards | url=http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/education/200802257626.htm|accessdate=25 February 2008|newspaper= India PRwire | location=Pune, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SBI Youth for India Blog - One-year Rural Fellowship Programme for India's best young minds - Sourabh feels that in rural areas one can see a New India every 10 Kms [sic] with such a splendid diversity of people and cultures. | url=https://sbiyouthforindia.wordpress.com/2011/04/01/sourabh-feels-that-in-rural-areas-one-can-see-a-new-india-every-10-km-with-such-a-splendid-diversity-of-people-and-cultures | accessdate=1 April 2011}}</ref>
* Sudharm Mudalgi<ref>{{cite news|title=Way to go, PAL|url=http://allaboutbelgaum.com/lifestyle/way-to-go-pal/author=Editor|accessdate=11 August 2012|newspaper=All About Belgaum |location=Belagavi, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Pro-veg campaign gets support|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/Pro-veg-campaign-gets-support/articleshow/15429744.cms|accessdate=10 August 2012|newspaper=The Times of India |location=Hubli, India| author=TNN}}</ref>
* Arun Agarwal<ref>{{cite web|title=STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (SAI) | url=http://www.sebi.gov.in/mfsid/sbisai.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Money is his friend and friends are his assets Arun Agarwal Fund manager SBI MF Young Guns|url=http://allaboutbelgaum.com/lifestyle/young-guns/money-is-his-friend-and-friends-are-his-assets-arun-agarwal-fund-manager-sbi-mf-young-guns/|accessdate=5 August 2009|newspaper=All About Belgaum |location=Belagavi, India}}</ref>
* Yash Kusane, swimmer<ref name=BelgaumSwimmersBringBackLaurels/>
* Ashok Lohar<ref>{{cite news|title=Height of devotion|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/sep212004/spt9.asp|accessdate=21 September 2004 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |location=Belgaum, India|author=Tushar A Majukar}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Mary's High School, Belagavi}}
[[Category:Schools in Belagavi district]]
[[Category:Co-educational schools in India]]
[[Category:Schools in Belgaum]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1851]]

New Tinsukia–Tambaram Express

2026-04-30T03:42:39Z

Rkrakeshboro: Added

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = New Tinsukia–Tambaram Weekly Express
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| status = Operating
| locale =
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railway]]
| start = {{stnlnk|New Tinsukia}} (NTSK)
| stops = 39
| end = {{stnlnk|Tambaram}} (TBM)
| first = 01 July 2001
| distance= 3175 km
| journeytime = 61 hours and 55 mins
| frequency = Weekly
| class = AC 2 Tier (2A), AC 3 Tier (3A), Sleeper (SL)
| catering = ✓ Pantry car
✓ On-board catering
✓ E-catering
| observation =
| seating = Available
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| Number Of Coaches =
| baggage = Available
| gauge = [[Broad gauge]]
| trainnumber = 15929/15930
| speed = 51 km/h
| map = [[File:(Dibrugarh - Chennai) Express Route map.jpg|thumb|300px|New Tinsukia–Chennai Tambaram Express Route map]]
}}

'''New Tinsukia–Tambaram Weekly Express''' is a weekly [[Express trains in India|Express]] train which connects [[New Tinsukia Junction railway station]] in [[Tinsukia]], [[Assam]], with and {{stnlnk|Tambaram}} in the South Indian metropolis of [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]] via [[New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station|New Jalpaiguri]], [[Malda Town railway station|Malda Town]], [[Rampurhat Junction railway station|Rampurhat]], [[Asansol Junction railway station|Asansol]]. This train travels a total distance of 3175 km.
<ref>[http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,5,268&dcd=10279&did=1514635536971AF3E245980CFF39493FB9C4E25518C14.web107 Extension of Four Express Trains to Tambaram]</ref><ref>[http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,5,268&dcd=9867&did=1509599438336F758D5C239DE6E4B6388A375E3BC5816.web91 No.566/2017-18 Extension of Four Express Trains from Chennai Egmore to Tambaram]</ref>

== Time-table ==
*Train no. 15930 from New Tinsukia to Tambaram
*Train no. 15929 from Tambaram to New Tinsukia
The train leaves New Tinsukia on every Sunday at 23:45 P.M. and arrives Tambaram on Wednesday at 21:15 P.M. traversing a distance of 3354 kilometres in 69 hours and 30 minutes.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://indiarailinfo.com/train/dibrugarh-chennai-egmore-weekly-express-15930-dbrg-to-ms/279/7288/779 | title=15930/New Tinsukia - Tambaram Express (PT) - Dibrugarh to Chennai Egmore NFR/Northeast Frontier Zone - Railway Enquiry }}</ref>

==Schedule==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Train number !! Station code !! Departure station !! Departure time !! Departure day !! Arrival station !! Arrival time !! Arrival day
|-
| 15929 || TBM || Tambaram || 11:41 PM (Night) || THU || Dibrugarh || 6:00 PM || SUN
|-
| 15930 || MS || {{stnlnk|Chennai Egmore}} || 8:05 PM || SUN || Tambaram || 8:05 PM || WED
|}

==Traction==

# [[Dibrugarh railway station|DBRG]] -> [[RANGIYA JUNCTION RAILWAY STATION|RNY]] – [[Diesel Loco Shed, Siliguri|SGUJ]]/[[WDP-4/4B/4D]]
# [[RANGIYA Junction railway station|RNY]] - > [[Durgapur railway station|DGP]] - [[Electric Loco Shed, Howrah|HWH]]/[[WAP-4]]
# [[Durgapur railway station|DGP]] -> [[Visakhapatnam railway station|VSKP]] – [[Electric Loco Shed, Howrah|HWH]]/[[WAP-4]]
# [[Visakhapatnam railway station|VSKP]] -> [[Tambaram railway station|TBM]] – [[Electric Loco Shed, Erode|ED]]/[[WAP-4]]

==Major halts==

The major halts of this train are as follows-

'''TAMIL NADU (02 stops)'''
#{{stnlnk|Tambaram}}
#'''{{stnlnk|Chennai Egmore}}'''.

'''ANDHRA PRADESH (06 stops)'''
#{{stnlnk|Nellore}}
#{{stnlnk|Ongole}}
#'''{{stnlnk|Vijayawada Junction}}'''
#{{stnlnk|Eluru}}
#{{stnlnk|Rajahmundry}}
#'''{{stnlnk|Visakhapatnam}}'''

'''ODISHA (05 stops)'''

#{{stnlnk|Brahmapur}}
#{{stnlnk|Khurda Road Junction}}
#'''{{stnlnk|Bhubaneswar}}'''
#{{stnlnk|Cuttack Junction}}
#{{stnlnk|Balasore}}

'''WEST BENGAL (17 stops)'''

#{{stnlnk|Hijli}}
#{{stnlnk|Purulia Junction}}
#{{stnlnk|Joychandi Pahar}}
#{{stnlnk|Burnpur}}
#'''{{stnlnk|Asansol Junction}}'''
#{{stnlnk|Andal Junction}}
#'''{{stnlnk|Durgapur}}'''
#{{stnlnk|Siuri}}
#'''{{stnlnk|Rampurhat Junction}}'''
#{{stnlnk|New Farakka Junction}}
#'''{{stnlnk|Malda Town}}'''
#{{stnlnk|Dalkhola}}
#'''[[New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station|New Jalpaiguri (Siliguri)]]'''
#{{stnlnk|New Maynaguri}}
#{{stnlnk|Dhupguri}}
#{{stnlnk|New Cooch Behar Junction}}
#{{stnlnk|New Alipurduar}}.

'''JHARKHAND (02 stops)'''

#{{stnlnk|Pakur}}
#'''{{stnlnk|Tatanagar Junction}}'''

'''BIHAR (02 stops)'''
#{{stnlnk|Barsoi Junction}}
#{{stnlnk|Kishanganj}}

'''ASSAM (12 stops)'''
#{{stnlnk|Fakiragram Junction}}
#{{stnlnk|Kokrajhar}}
#{{stnlnk|New Bongaigaon Junction}}
#{{stnlnk|Tihu}}
#{{stnlnk|Rangiya Junction}}
# {{rws|New Missamari}}
#{{rws|Rangapara North Junction}}
#{{rws|Viswanath Charali}}
#Harmuti Junction
#{{rws|North Lakhimpur}}
#{{rws|Dhemaji}}
#'''{{stnlnk|Dibrugarh}}'''
#{{stnlnk|New Tinsukia Junction}}.
Note: Bold letters indicates Major Railway Stations/Major Cities.

==Reversals==

DGR/{{stnlnk|Durgapur}} and VSKP/{{stnlnk|Visakhapatnam}}.

==Major bridges==
The train passes over some important rivers of India:
#[[wikt:creek|Creek]] in [[Ennore]] near [[Chennai]]
#[[Penna River|Penna]] river in [[Nellore]]
#[[Paleru]] river in [[Ongole]]
#[[Krishna River]] in [[Vijayawada]]
#[[Godavari River]] in [[Rajahmundry|Rajamahendravaram]]
#[[Nagavali River]] in [[Srikakulam]]
#[[Vamsadhara River]] in [[Srikakulam]]
#[[Rushikulya River]] in [[Ganjam]]
#[[Mahanadi]] river in [[Cuttack]]
#[[Kathjori]] river (Mahanadi distributary) in [[Cuttack]]
#[[Kuakhai River]] (Mahanadi distributary) near Barang
#Birupa River (Mahanadi distributary) near [[Kendrapara]]
#[[Brahmani River]] in Jenapur
#[[Baitarani River]] in [[Jajpur Keonjhar Road railway station|Jajpur Keonjhar Rd.]]
#[[Budhabalanga River]] in [[Balasore]]
#[[Subarnarekha River]] near [[Jaleswar]]
#[[Kangsabati River]] near [[Kharagpur]]
#[[Dwarakeswar River]] near [[Bankura]]
#[[Damodar River]] near [[Asansol]]
#[[Mayurakshi River]] near [[Sainthia]]
#[[Ganges]] via [[Farakka Barrage]] in [[Farakka]]
#[[Mahananda River]] near [[Dumdangi railway station|Dumdangi]]
#[[Teesta River]] near [[Jalpaiguri]]
#[[Jaldhaka River]] near [[Altagram railway station|Altagram]]
#[[Torsa river]] near [[Ghoksadanga railway station|Ghoksadanga]]
#[[Tipkai River]] near [[Chautara railway station|Chautara]]
#[[Gaurang|Gaurang River]] at [[Kokrajhar]]
#[[Champabati River]] near [[Bongaigaon]]
#[[Manas River]] near [[Bongaigaon]]
#[[Beki River]] at [[Barpeta Road]]
#[[Baralia River]] near [[Rangiya]]
#[[Gabharu River]] near [[New Missamari railway station|Missimari]]
#[[Kameng River]] near [[Rangapara]]
#[[Ranganadi River]] near [[North Lakhimpur]]
#[[Subansiri River]] near [[Dhemaji district|Gogamukh]]
#[[Bogibeel Bridge]] on [[Brahmaputra]] near [[Dibrugarh]].

==See also==
*[[Nagaon Express]]
*[[Chennai–New Jalpaiguri Superfast Express]]
*[[Guwahati–Bengaluru Cantt. Superfast Express]]
*[[Thiruvananthapuram–Silchar Superfast Express]]
*[[New Tinsukia–Bengaluru Weekly Express]]
*[[Bangalore Cantonment–Agartala Humsafar Express]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Railways in Northern India}}
{{Railways in Eastern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dibrugarh-Tambaram Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Chennai]]
[[Category:Transport in Dibrugarh]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Assam]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Odisha]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Bihar]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Nagaland]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2001]]
[[Category:Tambaram]]

K. Vijayraghavan

2026-04-19T22:13:32Z

Rkrakeshboro: created new details.

{{Short description|Indian scientist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Krishnaswamy Vijayraghavan
| image = K VijayRhagavan.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Vijayraghavan in December 2017
| honorific_suffix = [[Fellowship of the Royal Society|FRS]]
| office = 3rd [[Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India]]
| term_start = April 2018
| term_end = 2 April 2022
| president = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
| prime_minister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| predecessor = [[Rajagopala Chidambaram]]
| successor = [[Ajay K. Sood]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1954|02|03}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| citizenship =
}}

'''Krishnaswamy Vijayraghavan''' (born 3 February 1954) is an emeritus professor and former director of the [[National Centre for Biological Sciences]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Management and Administration of NCBS|url=http://www.ncbs.res.in/management}}</ref> On 26 March 2018, the [[Government of India]] appointed him as the [[Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India|Principal Scientific Adviser]] to succeed Dr. [[Rajagopala Chidambaram|R Chidamabaram]]. His term as Principal Scientific Adviser ended on 2 April 2022. In 2012, he was elected a [[List of fellows of the Royal Society S, T, U, V|fellow of The Royal Society]] and in April 2014 he was elected as a foreign associate of the [[US National Academy of Sciences]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=April 29, 2014: NAS Members and Foreign Associates Elected|url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/april-29-2014-NAS-Election.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818062140/http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/april-29-2014-NAS-Election.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-08-18|date=2015-08-18|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> He was conferred the [[Padma Shri]] on 26 January 2013 and is also a recipient of the [[Infosys Prize]] in the life sciences category in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Padma Awardees – NDTV|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/list-of-padma-awardees-322445|access-date=26 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Infosys Prize laureate in life sciences in 2009 – Prof. K. VijayRaghavan|url=http://www.infosys-science-foundation.com/winner_ls_VijayRaghavan.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420052023/http://www.infosys-science-foundation.com/winner_ls_VijayRaghavan.html|archive-date=20 April 2011|access-date=17 January 2012}}</ref>

== Education and early career ==
Vijayraghavan graduated with a [[Bachelor of Technology]] degree in [[chemical engineering]] from [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur|IIT Kanpur]] in 1975 and a master's in 1977. He completed his doctoral research in 1983 in the field of molecular biology and holds a [[Ph.D.]] from the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]. During his post-doctoral work, from 1984 to 1985, he was a [[research fellow]] and then, from 1986 to 1988, a senior research fellow at the [[California Institute of Technology]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. K. VijayRaghavan |url=https://iitk.ac.in/dora/profile/Prof-K-VijayRaghavan |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=IIT Kanpur}}</ref>

== Career in India ==
In 1988, he joined the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] as a Reader and in 1992, when the [[National Centre for Biological Sciences]] (NCBS), which is under the aegis of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research was founded, joined NCBS. In August 1991, he moved to Bangalore and was instrumental in the establishment of NCBS in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of National Centre of Biological Sciences|url=http://www.ncbs.res.in/history|access-date=18 January 2012}}</ref> He is an emeritus professor in the field of developmental genetics and former director of the National Centre of Biological Sciences.

His fields of specialization are [[developmental biology]], [[genetics]] and [[neurogenetics]]. His research primarily focuses on the important principles and mechanisms that control the nervous system and muscles during development and how these neuromuscular systems direct specific locomotor behaviours. This was achieved by using the fruit fly ''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]'' as a model system. By patterning the segmental organization of the fly body plan, his research was able to shed more light on the functions of Hox genes in directing neuromuscular connectivity and motor behaviours.

Vijayraghavan is a member of the board of governors of the [[Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology]],<ref>[http://www.oist.jp/board-governors Board of Governors | Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University OIST]. Oist.jp. Retrieved on 8 October 2013.</ref> and a senior editor of the journal ''[[eLife]]''.<ref>[http://www.elifesciences.org/about/elife-community/editorial-leadership/k-vijay-raghavan-senior-editor/ K Vijay Raghavan, Senior editor – Genetics & genomics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925131705/http://www.elifesciences.org/about/elife-community/editorial-leadership/k-vijay-raghavan-senior-editor/ |date=25 September 2013 }}. elifesciences.org</ref> Vijayraghavan was the secretary<ref>{{cite web|title=Secretary, Department of Biotechnology (DBT, India)|url=http://www.dbtindia.nic.in/secretary-profile|access-date=1 July 2016|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129184723/http://www.dbtindia.nic.in/secretary-profile/|url-status=dead}}</ref> of [[Department of Biotechnology]] (DBT), India, from January 2013 replacing [[Maharaj Kishan Bhan]]. to February 2018.<ref>[http://dbtindia.nic.in/news_management/PressreleaseDetails.asp?PressId=238&button=Edit Events:: DBT – Department of Biotechnology] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109172154/http://dbtindia.nic.in/news_management/PressreleaseDetails.asp?PressId=238&button=Edit|date=9 November 2013}}. Dbtindia.nic.in (28 January 2013). Retrieved on 8 October 2013.</ref>

Vijayraghavan led a 9-member committee, under the [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Office]], to advise on reforms for the DRDO, and the committee submitted its report in January 2024.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Pandit |first=Rajat |date=2024-07-30 |title=DRDO overhaul on course, government to also take final call on 'contentious' reforms |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/drdo-overhaul-on-course-government-to-also-take-final-call-on-contentious-reforms/articleshow/112118013.cms |access-date=2024-10-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Honors and achievements ==
In 1997, he was elected fellow of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Fellow Profile of Prof. Krishnaswamy VijayRaghavan|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/php/fell_detail.php3?name=VijayRaghavan&intials=Krishnaswamy&year=03-02-1954|access-date=18 January 2012}}</ref>

In 1998, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology|Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]] award by the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Recipients of S. S. Bhatnagar Award in biological sciences|url=http://www.csir.res.in/External/Utilities/Frames/career/main_page.asp?a=topframe.htm&b=leftcon.htm&c=../../../Heads/career/awards.htm|access-date=19 January 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210163924/http://www.csir.res.in/External/Utilities/Frames/career/main_page.asp?a=topframe.htm&b=leftcon.htm&c=..%2F..%2F..%2FHeads%2Fcareer%2Fawards.htm|archive-date=10 February 2012}}</ref> In 1999, he became an honorary faculty member of the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific
Research. In the same year, he became a fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]]. He became a member of the editorial board of ''[[Journal of Genetics]]'' in the year 2000 and a member of the Asia-Pacific International Molecular Biology Network in
the year 2001.<ref>{{cite web|title=Recipients of Prizes, Travelships, Scholarships (April'99-March'01) in NCBS|url=http://www.ncbs.res.in/node/54|access-date=19 January 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113162307/http://ncbs.res.in/node/54|archive-date=13 January 2012}}</ref>

In 2003, he received the Distinguished Alumnus Award of [[IIT Kanpur]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Distinguished Alumnus Award of IIT Kanpur|url=http://www.iitk.ac.in/drpg/dis_alumnus/|access-date=19 January 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927143709/http://www.iitk.ac.in/drpg/dis_alumnus/|archive-date=27 September 2011}}</ref>

In 2006, he was awarded the [[J. C. Bose]] Fellowship.<ref>{{cite web|title=Research Fellowships granted under the Research & Development Support (SERC) scheme during 2006–07|url=http://dst.gov.in/scientific-programme/projectlist/2006-07/basic-sciences07.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130174350/http://dst.gov.in/scientific-programme/projectlist/2006-07/basic-sciences07.pdf|archive-date=30 November 2011}}</ref>

In 2010, he was elected fellow of [[TWAS]], the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World.<ref>{{cite web|title=News- K. VijayRaghavan elected Fellow of TWAS|url=http://www.icts.res.in/news/details/60/|date=20 October 2010|work= International Centre for Theoretical Sciences}}</ref>

In 2012, he received the [[H K Firodia awards|H. K. Firodia Award]] "for his original contributions to the field of life sciences, particularly to developmental biology, genetics and neurogenetics."<ref>{{cite news|title=H K Firodia award for scientists Ramakrishnan and Raghavan|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-30/pune/33498193_1_h-k-firodia-m-s-swaminathan-trophy-and-citation|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126112733/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-30/pune/33498193_1_h-k-firodia-m-s-swaminathan-trophy-and-citation|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 January 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=30 August 2012}}</ref>
In the same year he became Fellow of Royal Society.

In 2013, he was conferred the Padma Shri by the President of India.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>

In April 2014, he was elected<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/april-29-2014-NAS-Election.html |title=April 29, 2014: NAS Members and Foreign Associates Elected |access-date=2016-12-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818062140/http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/april-29-2014-NAS-Election.html |archive-date=18 August 2015 }}</ref> a Foreign Associate of the US National Academy of Sciences.

In March 2018, he was appointed<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dbtindia.nic.in/news_management/PressreleaseDetails.asp?PressId=238&button=Edit|title=Events:: DBT – Department of Biotechnology|access-date=22 June 2018|archive-date=9 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109172154/http://dbtindia.nic.in/news_management/PressreleaseDetails.asp?PressId=238&button=Edit|url-status=dead}}</ref> as [[Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India]].

In 2021 he was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amphilsoc.org/blog/american-philosophical-society-welcomes-new-members-2021|title=The American Philosophical Society Welcomes New Members for 2021}}</ref>

== External links ==
* [https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(25)00755-9 ''Q & A: K. VijayRaghavan.''] Current Biology. Volume 35, Issue 14, p R695−R697, July 21, 2025. [[doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.06.026]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{2000s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{FRS 2012}}
{{SSBPST recipients in Biological Science}}
{{Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Laureates of Karnataka}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:VijayRaghavan, K.}}

[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:IIT Kanpur alumni]]
[[Category:Indian biotechnologists]]
[[Category:Indian geneticists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Biological Science]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Tata Institute of Fundamental Research alumni]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the National Centre for Biological Sciences]]
[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]

Dimani Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T08:42:45Z

Rkrakeshboro: Creating a info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{For|the constituency in Tanzania|Dimani Constituency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dimani
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 7
| map_image = 7-Dimani.svg
| mla = [[Narendra Singh Tomar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Morena district|Morena]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Morena (Lok Sabha constituency)|Morena]]
| established = 1977
| reservation = None
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Ravindra Tomar Bhidosa
}}

'''Dimani Assembly constituency''' (formerly, '''Dimni''') is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name=eci1>{{cite web|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/DACList.aspx|title=District/Assembly List|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|access-date=31 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201083311/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/(S(4ftawu55w1soru45gswzuz55))/DACList.aspx|archive-date=1 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> This constituency was reserved for the candidates belonging to the [[Dalit|Scheduled castes]] till 2008.

Dimani (constituency number 7) is one of the six Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in [[Morena district]]. This constituency covers parts of Ambah and Morena [[tehsil]]s.<ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=226, 250}}</ref>

Dimani is part of [[Morena (Lok Sabha constituency)|Morena Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ceo"/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web|title=Dimani (Madhya Pradesh) Election Result 2018 Updates: Candidate List, Winner & Runner-up MLA List|url=https://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/dimani.html|website=Elections in India|access-date=2020-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109204207/http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/dimani.html|archive-date=9 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan="2" |Summer Singh Amariya
| {{party name with color|Independent|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Chhaviram Argal
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
| [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Munshilal Khatik]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
| [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| Ramesh Kori
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| [[Munshilal Khatik]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| [[Sandhya Ray]]
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[Shivmangal Singh Tomar]]
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| Balveer Singh Dandotiya
| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| [[Girraj Dandotiya]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2020 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-elections|2020]]^
| Ravindra Tomar Bhidosa
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Narendra Singh Tomar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}
^ bypolls

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimani<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2023 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Narendra Singh Tomar]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:79137}}
|percentage = 48.94
|change = +14.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Pandit Balveer Singh Dandotiya
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:54676}}
|percentage = 33.81
|change = +26.00
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ravindra Singh Tomar Bhidosa
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:24006}}
|percentage = 14.84
|change = -39.90
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:778}}
|percentage = 0.48
|change = -0.16
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:24461}}
|percentage = 15.13
|change = -4.87
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:161714}}
|percentage = 69.76
|change = +8.66
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 bypolls ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2020 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-elections]]: Morena}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Ravindra Singh Tomar Bhidosa
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 72445
|percentage = 54.74
|change = +5.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Girraj Dandotiya]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 45978
|percentage = 34.74
|change = -1.42
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Rajendra Singh Kansana
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 10337
|percentage = 7.81
|change = -2.42
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 846
|percentage = 0.64
|change = +0.33
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 26467
|percentage = 20.0
|change = -6.93
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 132334
|percentage = 61.1
|change = -9.05
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimani<ref name=election2018 name="election2018-1">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="election2018"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Girraj Dandotiya]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:69597}}
|percentage = 49.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Shiv Mangal Singh Tomar
|votes = {{formatnum:51120}}
|percentage = 36.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Chhattar Singh Tomar
|votes = {{formatnum:14456}}
|percentage = 10.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:436}}
|percentage = 0.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:18477}}
|percentage = 13.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:141369}}
|percentage = 70.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Morena district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coord|26.61|78.15|display=title}}

[[Category:Morena district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Adesh Gupta

2026-04-18T19:52:53Z

Rkrakeshboro: Stub!

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Adesh Kumar Gupta
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Adesh Kumar Gupta.jpg
| caption =
| deputy =
| office = President, [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Delhi]]
| predecessor = [[Manoj Tiwari (Delhi politician)|Manoj Tiwari]]
| successor = Virendra Sachdeva
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|01|29|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Gursahaiganj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| spouse = Anuradha Gupta
| children = 3
| alma_mater = [[Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University]]
| website =
| awards =
| term_start = 2 June 2020
| term_end = 11 December 2022
| title1 = [[North Delhi Municipal Corporation|Mayor of North Delhi]]
| term_start1 = April 2018
| term_end1 = 29 April 2019
| title2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| education = ([[B.Sc.]])
| years_active =
| organization =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Adesh Kumar Gupta''' (born 29 January 1969) is an Indian politician. He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] (BJP) and the former president of party's [[Delhi]] unit. Starting his political career as a twelfth-grade student when he joined the [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]], he remained active in student politics when he attended [[Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University]]. His association with the [[Ram Janmabhoomi|Ram Mandir Movement]] led to his arrest and he was imprisoned for a year at [[Kanpur]] in 1991. He joined the [[Bharatiya Yuva Morcha]] when he moved to Delhi from his home district of [[Kannauj district|Kannauj]] in 1994. He campaigned in the [[2017 Municipal Corporation of Delhi election]] successfully from the [[West Patel Nagar]] ward and became the Mayor of [[North Delhi Municipal Corporation]] in April 2018, remaining in office till 29 April 2019. He was appointed president of Delhi BJP on 2 June 2020 by the [[List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party|National President of the BJP]], [[Jagat Prakash Nadda]], following the resignation of [[Manoj Tiwari (Delhi politician)|Manoj Tiwari]]. On 11 December 2022, he stepped down from the post of State BJP President after the party's loss in the [[2022 Delhi Municipal Corporation election|MCD Elections of 2022]]. He was replaced by Virendra Sachdeva.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-11 |title=Delhi BJP president Adesh Gupta steps down following defeat in MCD polls |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-bjp-president-resigns-adesh-gupta-mcd-polls-8318382/ |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Gupta was born in 1969, the eldest son of Shambhu Dayal Gupta, in [[Gursahaiganj]], [[Kannauj]] (formerly a part of [[Farrukhabad district]] and now in [[Kannauj district]]), [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He received his twelfth-grade Higher Secondary School Certificate from Madan Mohan Malviya Inter College in 1987. He later attended [[Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University]] at Kanpur and graduated with a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree.<ref name="Jagran">{{Cite news |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/kanpur-city-bjp-new-delhi-president-adesh-gupta-political-background-start-from-kannauj-20345093.html |title=कन्नौज से ठेकेदारी करने दिल्ली गए आदेश बन गए भाजपा प्रदेश अध्यक्ष, पढ़ें- राजनीतिक सफरनामा |date=3 June 2020 |access-date=4 June 2020 |location=Kannauj |work=[[Dainik Jagran]] |language=Hindi}}</ref><ref name="Hindustan2020">{{Cite news |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/new-delhi/story-who-is-delhi-bjp-new-president-adesh-gupta-his-background-and-profile-3254278.html |title=कौन हैं दिल्ली बीजेपी के नए अध्यक्ष आदेश गुप्ता, जानिए उनके बारे में सबकुछ, बिहार से थे मनोज तिवारी तो यूपी में आदेश की जड़ें |work=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]] |location=New Delhi |last=Jha |first=Sudhir |date=2 June 2020 |access-date=3 June 2020 |language=Hindi}}</ref>

After completing his higher education, he moved to Delhi in 1994 and started [[tutor]]ing to make his living in the city. After working as a tuition teacher for two years he established his own business.<ref name="NBT2020">{{Cite news |url=https://www.enavabharat.com/delhi-news-hindi/adesh-kumar-gupta-the-journey-from-a-tuition-teacher-to-delhi-pradesh-president-66410/ |title=आदेश कुमार गुप्ता: एक ट्यूशन टीचर से दिल्ली प्रदेश अध्यक्ष तक का सफर |work=[[Navbharat Times]] |date=2 June 2020 |access-date=4 June 2020 |location=New Delhi |language=Hindi |last=Shukla |first=Ravi}}</ref> However, his business was not successful and he returned to the teaching profession.<ref name="NBT2020" /> After tutoring for few more years he applied for the position of contractor with the [[Central Public Works Department]] and acquired considerable success in this profession.<ref name="NBT2020" /><ref name="AajTak2020">{{Cite news |url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/adesh-gupta-new-delhi-bjp-president-profile-ex-mayor-1-1196804.html |title=कौन हैं आदेश गुप्ता, जिन्हें मनोज तिवारी की जगह मिली दिल्ली BJP की कमान |work=[[Aaj Tak]] |date=2 June 2020 |access-date=3 June 2020 |language=Hindi |location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref name="IndExp2020">{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/adesh-kumar-gupta-replaces-manoj-tiwari-as-delhi-bjp-chief-6438916/ |title=Ex-MCD mayor replaces Tiwari as Delhi BJP chief |date=3 June 2020 |access-date=4 June 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |location=New Delhi |last=Rajput |first=Abhinav}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Gupta is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] (BJP) and is active in the politics of Delhi. He embarked on a career in politics after becoming a member of the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) during his time in the Madan Mohan Malviya Inter College as a twelfth-grade student in 1987.<ref name="Jagran" /><ref name="IndExp2020" /> His involvement in student politics continued at Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University. He rose in the ABVP to become the head of its district unit and later secretary of the state unit. He actively participated in the [[Ram Janmabhoomi|Ram Janmabhoomi Movement]] and canvassed students for its support. The Ram Janmabhoomi Movement was spearheaded by the BJP and the [[Vishwa Hindu Parishad]] to claim [[Ayodhya dispute|disputed land in Ayodhya]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], hypothesised to be the birthplace of the Hindu deity [[Rama]], for [[Hinduism|Hindus]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/ram-janmabhoomi-movement----engineered-by-ashok-singhal-and-charioted-by-l-k-advani/story/389542.html |title=Ram Janmabhoomi movement- engineered by Ashok Singhal and charioted by L K Advani |work=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |date=9 November 2019 |access-date=16 July 2020 |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref> Gupta's association with the movement led to his arrest by police in 1991 and his incarceration at a temporary prison at Kanpur for a year.<ref name="Jagran" />

Gupta joined the Bharatiya Yuva Morcha and became its national office secretary in 1994 under the leadership of president [[Dharmendra Pradhan]].<ref name="Hindustan2020"/><ref name="IndExp2020" /> He also held several positions in the BJP's Delhi unit from 2009 to 2014, becoming the West Patel Nagar Mandal President in 2009 and later the head of [[Najafgarh]] Mandal.<ref name="IndExp2020" />

In the 2017 Municipal Corporation of Delhi election, Gupta was given a BJP [[Ticket (election)|ticket]] to contest from the West Patel Nagar ward of the [[Karol Bagh]] Zone of the North Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC). He won the election and in April 2018 became the Mayor of the NDMC.<ref name="AajTak2020" /> He was succeeded by Avtar Singh for the post of mayor on 29 April 2019. As a member of the NDMC, Gupta was elected unopposed as a member of the standing committee of the house on the same day he resigned as mayor.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2019/apr/30/mayors-for-north-east-municipal-bodies-sworn-in-1970896.html | title=Delhi: Mayors for north, east municipal bodies sworn in |date=30 April 2019 |access-date=4 June 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |location=New Delhi}}</ref>

=== Delhi BJP President ===
Gupta was appointed the president of the Delhi BJP on 2 June 2020 by the National President of the BJP, [[Jagat Prakash Nadda]].<ref name="NDTV2020">{{Cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/manoj-tiwari-replaced-by-adesh-kumar-gupta-as-delhi-bjp-president-2239378 |title=Manoj Tiwari Replaced As Delhi BJP President |work=[[NDTV]] |date=2 June 2020 |access-date=3 June 2020 |last=Sharma |first=Akhilesh }}</ref> He succeeded actor-politician and [[member of parliament]] [[Manoj Tiwari (Delhi politician)|Manoj Tiwari]], who had tendered his resignation due to unsatisfactory performance of the party in the [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]] but had been asked by the party to remain in office until the new appointment to replace him. Gupta's appointment was viewed by multiple media sources as an attempt by the BJP to regain its traditional voters, including the [[Vaishya]] community to which Gupta belongs.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/guptas-appointment-as-delhi-bjp-chief-done-to-focus-on-workers-feel-leaders/1853886 |title=Gupta's appointment as Delhi BJP chief done to focus on workers, feel leaders |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=2 June 2020 |access-date=13 July 2020 |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/bjp-picks-adesh-gupta-regain-traditional-voters |title=BJP picks Adesh Gupta to regain traditional voters |date=6 June 2020 |access-date=13 July 2020 |last=Kumar |first=Navtan |work=[[The Sunday Guardian]] |location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/bjp-picks-adesh-kumar-gupta-to-regain-traditional-voters-uniting-the-party-120060700737_1.html |title=BJP picks Adesh Kumar Gupta to regain traditional voters, uniting the party |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=7 June 2020 |access-date=13 July 2020 |last=Sikdar |first=Shubhomoy}}</ref>

Gupta led a protest at [[Raj Ghat and associated memorials|Rajghat]] on 7 June 2020 along with other BJP leaders, including the Leader of Opposition of the [[Legislative Assembly of Delhi]], [[Ramvir Singh Bidhuri]], against the [[Government of Delhi]], accusing the latter of mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi. They were detained by police for violating [[COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India|lockdown norms]] and were taken to Rajender Nagar Police Station.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/delhi/delhi-bjp-chief-adesh-gupta-party-mlas-detained-during-protest-against-aap-govt/cid/1779145 |title=Delhi BJP chief Adesh Gupta, party MLAs detained during protest against AAP govt |work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |date=7 June 2020 |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref>

The BJP unit of Delhi launched a 'Jan Jagran Abhiyan' ({{translation|Public Awareness Campaign}}) about the COVID-19 pandemic under Gupta on 17 June 2020. The campaign included all the members of parliament from Delhi and other senior leaders of the party, and involved the distribution of [[decoction]] packets, sanitizer bottles, and face masks in different areas of the city.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2020/jun/17/covid-19-bjp-launches-jan-jagran-abhiyan-drive-in-delhi-distributes-masks-and-sanitisers-2157625.html |title=COVID-19: BJP launches 'Jan Jagran Abhiyan' drive in Delhi, distributes masks and sanitisers |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 June 2020 |access-date=6 July 2020 |agency=Express News Service |location=New Delhi}}</ref>

Gupta headed the Delhi contingent of the party in the virtual meeting of the BJP on 4 July 2020, which was attended by all of its regional units in the country and chaired by [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] in the presence of party national president Jagat Prakash Nadda. Gupta gave a presentation during the meeting and briefed the others about the different social works carried out by the party in Delhi under the 'Sewa Hi Sanathan' Campaign. These included COVID-19 relief measures and encouraging people to donate to the [[PM CARES Fund]] and its joint programme with [[Delhi Police]], 'Anivarya', to distribute sanitary napkins among women and girls living in the slums of Delhi.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/bjp-workers-helped-in-public-service/article31991594.ece |title=BJP workers helped in public service |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 July 2020 |access-date=7 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/delhi-bjp-chief-details-relief-work-undertaken-amid-covid-19-pandemic-at-party-meet/articleshow/76789983.cms |title=Delhi BJP chief details relief work undertaken amid COVID-19 pandemic at party meet |work=[[Business Insider]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=4 July 2020 |access-date=7 July 2020 |location=New Delhi}}</ref>

Gupta also wrote to all three mayors of Delhi, including the North Delhi Municipal Corporation, the [[South Delhi Municipal Corporation]], and the [[East Delhi Municipal Corporation]], asking them not to go ahead with their respective anti-[[Structural encroachment|encroachment]] drives planned to be carried out citywide against [[Hawker (trade)|street vendors]] during the COVID-19 pandemic, noting its [[Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India|economic impact]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/delhi-bjp-chief-asks-party-ruled-civic-bodies-to-postpone-anti-encroachment-drive-857937.html |title=Delhi BJP chief asks party-ruled civic bodies to postpone anti-encroachment drive |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=6 July 2020 |access-date=7 July 2020 |location=New Delhi}}</ref>

In 2022, he supported the anti-encroachment drives.<ref>{{cite news |title=BJP Delhi Chief Wants Anti-Encroachment Drives Against 'Bangladeshi, Rohingya' in South, East Delhi |url=https://thewire.in/communalism/bjp-delhi-chief-wants-anti-encroachment-drives-against-bangladeshi-rohingya-in-south-east-delhi |access-date=11 May 2022 |work=The Wire}}</ref>

=== Electoral performance ===
In 2022, Gupta refused to contest in the by-election for [[Rajinder Nagar Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Gupta, Bagga refuse to contest Rajinder Nagar by-election |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2022/state-editions/gupta--bagga-refuse-to-contest-rajinder-nagar-by-election.html |access-date=28 May 2022 |work=The Pioneer |date=28 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Delhi]]
* [[Rajinder Nagar Assembly constituency]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Adesh Kumar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:People from Kannauj district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University alumni]]

Gandra Satyanarayana Rao

2026-04-18T10:30:55Z

Rkrakeshboro: Creating a bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image =
| caption =
| order =
| office = Member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2009
| term_end = 2014
| predecessor = Constituency created
| successor = [[S. Madhusudhana Chary]]
| office1 = Member of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 2023
| predecessor1 = [[Gandra Venkata Ramana Reddy]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party =
| other_party =
| spouse =
| children =
| alma_mater =
| profession =
| signature =
| website =
}}
'''Gandra Satyanarayana Rao''' (born 1965) is an Indian politician from [[Telangana]]. He is an MLA from [[Bhupalpalle Assembly constituency]] in [[Jayashankar Bhupalpally district]]. He represents [[Indian National Congress]] party and won the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhupalpalle assembly election results 2023: Bhupalpalle Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/telangana/bhupalpalle-assembly-result-29108 |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhupaipalle Election Result 2023 Live, Bhupaipalle Elections Vote Counting, Telangana Results 2023 |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/telangana-assembly-election-2023/telangana-bhupalpalle-constituency-108.html |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en|date=2023}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Rao is from [[Bhupalpally]], [[Jayashankar Bhupalpally district]]. His father Gandra Samma Rao is a farmer. He did his diploma in ITI civil.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gandra Satyanarayana Rao(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- BHUPALPALLE(JAYASHANKAR BHUPALPALLY) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Telangana2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=41 |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Rao won from [[Bhupalpalle Assembly constituency]] representing [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 123,116 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Gandra Venkata Ramana Reddy]] of [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]], by a huge margin of 52,699 votes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-12-03 |title=Bhupalpalle Telangana constituency election results 2023: Gandra Satyanarayana Rao of Congress defeats Gandra Venkata Ramana Reddy of BRS |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/bhupalpalle-assembly-election-results-2023-gandra-satyanarayana-rao-of-congress-leading-against-c-keerthi-reddy-of-bjp/articleshow/105695011.cms |access-date=2024-07-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Bhupalpalle Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/bhupalpalle-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8688004.html |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Earlier in the 2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election, he contested on [[All India Forward Bloc]] ticket and lost the Bhupalpalle seat to Ramana Reddy by a margin of 15,635 votes.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Satyanarayana Rao, Gandra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:All India Forward Bloc politicians]]

30708 Echepolos

2026-04-17T20:01:53Z

Rkrakeshboro: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[List of minor planets: 30001–31000#708]]

{{NASTRO comment}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Echepolos}}
[[Category:Jupiter trojans (Trojan camp)|030708]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1977|19771016]]
[[Category:Discoveries by the Palomar–Leiden Trojan-3 survey|4101]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Tom Gehrels]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Cornelis Johannes van Houten]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]

Ajnala Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:14:44Z

Rkrakeshboro: Stub!

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Punjab State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ajnala
| map_image = 11-Ajnala.svg
| state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| district = [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Amritsar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amritsar]]
| reservation = None
| established = 1951
| mla = [[Kuldeep Singh Dhaliwal]]
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| electors = {{formatnum:157161}} (in 2022){{update after|2027|02}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 11
}}
'''Ajnala Assembly constituency''' (Sl. No.:11) is a [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] constituency in [[Amritsar district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state, India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |title=List of Punjab Assembly Constituencies |accessdate=19 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033326/http://ceopunjab.nic.in/english/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |archivedate=23 April 2016 }}</ref>

== List of MLAs ==
Members of Punjab Legislative Assembly Ajnala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/punjab/assembly-constituencies/ajnala.html|title=Ajnala constituency results|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=17 Apr 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No.
! Name
! width=75|Portrait
! colspan="2"|Term of office
!colspan=2|Party (Alliance)
|- align="center"
|1
| rowspan="2" | Achhar Singh Chhina
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Comrade Achhar Singh Chhina.jpg|100px]]
| 1952
| 1957
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|- align="center"
|2
| 1957
| 1962
|- align="center"
|3
| Harindar Singh
|
| 1962
| 1967
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|- align="center"
|4
| D. Singh
|
| 1967
| 1969
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
|5
|Harinder Singh
|
|1969
|1972
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|6
|Harcharan Singh Ajnala
|
|1972
|1977
|-
|7
|Shashpal Singh
|
|1977
|1980
|{{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|-
|8
|Harcharan Singh Ajnala
|
|1980
|1985
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|-
|9
|[[Rattan Singh Ajnala|Dr. Rattan Singh]]
|
|1985
|1987
|{{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|-
|
|[[President's rule|President's Rule]]
|
|1987
|1992
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|-
|10
|Harcharn Singh Ajnala
|
|1992
|1994
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|11
| rowspan="3" |[[Rattan Singh Ajnala|Dr. Rattan Singh]]
|
|1994
|1997
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|12
|
|1997
|2002
|{{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|13
|
|2002
|2005
|-
|14
|[[Harpartap Singh]]
|
|2005
|2007
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|15
| rowspan="2" |[[Amarpal Singh Ajnala]]
|
|2007
|2012
| {{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|16
|
|2012
|2017
|-
|17
|[[Harpartap Singh]]
|
|2017
|2022
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|18
| [[Kuldeep Singh Dhaliwal]]
|
|[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|Incumbent
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
|}

==Election results==
=== 2022 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2022]]: Ajnala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Kuldeep Singh Dhaliwal]]
|votes =43555
|percentage =35.69
|change = {{Increase}}25.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Shiromani Akali Dal|candidate=[[Amarpal Singh Ajnala]] (Boni Ajnala)|votes=35,712|percentage=29.26|change={{decrease}}6.05}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Harpartap Singh|Harpratap Singh Ajnala]]<ref name="Punjab INC 2022">{{cite news |title=Punjab Elections 2022: Full list of Congress Candidates and their Constituencies |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-elections-2022-full-list-of-congress-candidates/2407341/ |access-date=18 February 2022 |work=FE Online |agency=The Indian Express Group |issue=The Financial Express (India) |date=February 18, 2022}}</ref>|votes=33,853|percentage=27.74|change={{decrease}}23.05}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)
|candidate = Amrik Singh
|votes = 2,185
|percentage = 1.79
|change = {{increase}}1.48
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes=824|percentage=0.68|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=7,843|percentage= 6.43
|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=122,038|percentage= 76.9 |change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:158691}}
|ref= <ref name="ECI 2022">{{cite web |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Aam Aadmi Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}} <section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

=== 2017 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2017"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2017]]: Ajnala<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/members/detail/16|title= Ajnala Assembly election result, 2012|accessdate= 13 January 2017}}</ref><ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Harpartap Singh|Harpratap Singh Ajnala]]
|votes = 61,378
|percentage = 50.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|candidate = [[Amarpal Singh Ajnala]]
|votes = 42,665
|percentage = 35.31
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Rajpreet Singh
|votes = 12,749
|percentage = 10.55
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Balwinder Singh
|votes = 860
|percentage = 0.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Rattan Singh
|votes = 502
|percentage = 0.42
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Gurnam Singh
|votes = 411
|percentage = 0.34
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dhanwant Singh
|votes = 404
|percentage = 0.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)
|candidate = Amrik Singh
|votes = 380
|percentage = 0.31
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Nirmal Singh
|votes = 308
|percentage = 0.25
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes=641|percentage=0.40|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=18,713|percentage= 15.5
|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,20,846|percentage=82.4|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:147471}}
|ref=<ref name=electors2017>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/VS2017/D03-Electors%20and%20Polling%20Stations%20VS%202017.pdf |title=Electors and Polling Stations - VS 2017 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2017"/>

===Previous Results===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year||A C No.||Name||Party||Votes||Runner Up||Party||Votes||Margin
|-
|2012||11||[[Amarpal Singh Ajnala]]||[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]||55864||[[Harpartap Singh]]||[[Indian National Congress]]||54629||1235
|-
|2007||19||[[Amarpal Singh Ajnala]]||[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]||56560||[[Harpartap Singh]]||[[Indian National Congress]]||46359||10201
|-
|2005||19||[[Harpartap Singh]]||[[Indian National Congress]]||66661||[[Amarpal Singh Ajnala]]||[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]||47415||19246
|-
|2002||20||[[Rattan Singh Ajnala]]||[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]||47182||[[Harpartap Singh]]||[[Indian National Congress]]||46826||356
|-
|1997||20||[[Rattan Singh Ajnala]]||[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]||50705||Rajbir Singh||[[Indian National Congress]]||48994||1711
|-
|1994||20||[[Rattan Singh Ajnala]]||[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]||46856||Rajbir Singh||[[Indian National Congress]]||36542||10314
|-
|1992||20||Harcharn Singh||[[Indian National Congress]]||8893||Bhagwan Dass||[[Bhartiya Janta Party]]||1461||7432
|-
|1985||20||[[Rattan Singh Ajnala]]||[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]||35552||Ajaib Singh||[[Indian National Congress]]||16594||18958
|-
|1980||20||Harcharan Singh||[[Indian National Congress]]||27840||Shashpal Singh||[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]||24399||3441
|-
|1977||20||Shashpal Singh||[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]||28627||Harcharan Singh||[[Indian National Congress]]||26591||2036
|-
|1972||29||Harcharan Singh||[[Indian National Congress]]||41045||Dalip Singh||[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]||15918||25127
|-
|1969||29||Harinder Singh||[[Indian National Congress]]||27642||Dalip Singh||[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]||21716||5926
|-
|1967||29||Dalip Singh||[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]||20932||Inderjit Singh||[[Indian National Congress]]||12385||8547
|-
|1962||119||Harindar Singh||[[Indian National Congress]]||33236||Dalip Singh||[[Communist Party of India]]||12089||21147
|-
|1957||69||Achhar Singh||[[Communist Party of India]]||11649||Shashpal Singh||[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]||10988||661
|-
|1951||86||Achhar Singh||[[Communist Party of India]]||10458||Harinder Singh||[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]||10354||104
|}

== See also ==
*[[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Punjab}}
{{coord|31.84|74.76|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Amritsar district]]
[[Category:Politics of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in East Punjab]]

Preeti Panchal

2026-04-13T03:22:18Z

Rkrakeshboro: Entry

{{Short description|Indian field hockey player (born 2002)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Preeti Panchal
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2002|12|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sonipat]], [[Haryana]], [[India]]
| height =
| weight =
| position = Defender
| years1 =
| clubs1 = Hockey Haryana
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 =
| clubs2 = [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 = 2025–
| clubs3 = [[Soorma Hockey Club]]
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
| nationalyears1 = 2019–2023
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national under-21 field hockey team|India U21]]
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Hockey Junior Asia Cup|Junior Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 Women's Hockey Junior Asia Cup|2023 Japan]]|}}
}}
'''Preeti Panchal''' (born 25 December 2002)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Preeti - Hockey India |url=https://hockeyindia.org/players/preeti-profile-9045 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=hockeyindia.org}}</ref> is an Indian [[field hockey]] player from [[Haryana]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=महिला जूनियर हॉकी टीम की कप्तान प्रीति पांचाल का सम्मान |url=https://www.dainiktribuneonline.com/news/haryana/women39s-junior-hockey-team-captain-preeti-panchal-honored-158250/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=dainiktribuneonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> She plays for the [[India women's national field hockey team]] as a defender. She plays for [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railway Sports Promotion Board]] and Hockey Haryana in the domestic tournaments. She played for [[Soorma Hockey Club|JSW Soorma Hockey Club]], in the inaugural [[Hockey India League|Hero Hockey India Women’s League 2024]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Preeti - Hockey India League - Hockey India |url=https://hockeyindialeague.com/players/preeti-profile-9045 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=hockeyindialeague.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Women – Soorma Hockey Club |url=https://soormahockeyclub.com/women/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==
Preeti hails from [[Sonipat]], Haryana. She started playing hockey in Class 6 just to escape from home and to be with friends. But she was hooked to the sport after joining the [[Pritam Rani Siwach|Pritam Siwach]] hockey academy in Sonipat. She suffered a career threatening injury in 2013 during a district competition and had to undergo surgery.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title='We've gained a lot of confidence post winning Hockey Junior Asia Cup 2023,' says captain Preeti |url=https://khelnow.com/hockey/2023-11-hockey-indian-womens-junior-team-preeti-interaction |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}</ref> When doctors doubted her playing hockey again, her father, a former wrestler, encouraged her. She came back after more than two years of recovery and rehab due to her hard work.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian hockey defender Preeti opens up on how Junior Asia Cup title win gave team confidence ahead of World Cup |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/hockey/indian-hockey-defender-preeti-opens-up-on-how-junior-asia-cup-title-win-gave-team-confidence-ahead-of-world-cup20231123170204/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Preeti was the captain of the India colts team that won the FIH Hockey Junior Asia Cup in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-17 |title='Feels Miraculous': Captain Preeti Silences Critics After Historic Triumph In Women's Junior Hockey Asia Cup {{!}} EXCLUSIVE |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/sports/feels-miraculous-captain-preeti-silences-critics-after-historic-triumph-in-womens-junior-hockey-asia-cup-exclusive-10083168 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=English Jagran |language=en}}</ref> She and her first coach Pritam Siwach were honoured at a local function in Sonipat after her return from the Junior Asia Cup.<ref name=":0" /> Earlier in 2022, she also took part in the Hero FIH Hockey 5s tournament at Lausanne.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Panchal, Preeti}}

[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women's field hockey players]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Haryana]]
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Kartik Aaryan

2026-03-28T22:04:06Z

Rkrakeshboro:

{{Short description|Indian actor (born 1990)}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kartik Aaryan
| image = Kartik Aaryan in 2025 at 23rd Zee Cine Awards 2025.jpg
| caption = Aaryan in 2025
| birth_name = Kartik Tiwari
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1990|11|22|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh]], India
| alma_mater = DY Patil University, Mumbai
| occupation = [[Actor]]
| years_active = 2011{{ndash}}present
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Kartik Aaryan|Full list]]
}}

'''Kartik Aaryan''' (born '''Kartik Tiwari'''; 22 November 1990)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/kartik-aaryan-sunset-goa-34th-birthday-2637462-2024-11-21|publisher=India Today|title=Pics: Kartik Aaryan enjoys sunset in Goa ahead of his 34th birthday|date=21 November 2024 |access-date=2025-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/entertainment/inside-kartik-aaryans-34th-birthday-dinner-with-friends-cycling-playing-guitar-swimming-and-feasting-on-cake-101732524554226-1.html|publisher=Hindustani Times|title=Inside Kartik Aaryan's 34th birthday: Dinner with friends, cycling, playing guitar, swimming, and feasting on cake|date=25 November 2024 |access-date=2025-02-19}}</ref> is an Indian actor who primarily works in [[Hindi cinema]]. He appeared in ''[[Forbes India]]''{{'s}} [[Celebrity 100]] list in 2019, and his [[List of awards and nominations received by Kartik Aaryan|accolades]] include a [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare Award]].

While pursuing a degree in engineering, he made his acting debut with [[Luv Ranjan]]'s [[buddy film]] ''[[Pyaar Ka Punchnama]]'' (2011). He went on to star in the romances ''[[Akaash Vani]]'' (2013) and ''[[Kaanchi (2014 film)|Kaanchi]]'' (2014), but these failed to propel his career forward. Aaryan had commercial successes in Ranjan's comedies ''[[Pyaar Ka Punchnama 2]]'' (2015) and ''[[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]]'' (2018), his breakthrough film, as well as the romantic comedies ''[[Luka Chuppi]]'' and ''[[Pati Patni Aur Woh (2019 film)|Pati Patni Aur Woh]]'' (both 2019). He also played against type in the thrillers ''[[Dhamaka (2021 film)|Dhamaka]]'' (2021) and ''[[Freddy (film)|Freddy]]'' (2022), and the romantic drama ''[[Satyaprem Ki Katha]]'' (2023), and gained praise for portraying [[Murlikant Petkar]] in the biopic ''[[Chandu Champion]]'' (2024) which earned him a [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]]. His highest-grossing releases came with the comedy horror films ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]'' (2022) and ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]]'' (2024).

In addition to his acting career, Aaryan endorses several brands and products, and has co-hosted award ceremonies.

== Early life and work ==
Kartik Tiwari (later Aaryan){{efn|name=A}} was born on 22 November 1990 in [[Gwalior]], [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name=birthday>{{cite web|last=Hegde|first=Rajul|title=A happy woman is a myth, says Pyaar Ka Punchanama Kartik Aaryan|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/a-happy-woman-is-a-myth-says-pyaar-ka-punchanamas-kartik-aryan-video/20151122.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=13 April 2016|date=22 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416021249/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/a-happy-woman-is-a-myth-says-pyaar-ka-punchanamas-kartik-aryan-video/20151122.htm|archive-date=16 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="chip">{{cite news|last=Malik|first=Ektaa|title=Kartik Aaryan: New Chip of the Old Block|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/bollywood-kartik-aaryan-sony-titu-sweety-new-chip-of-the-old-block-5133639/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=2 July 2018|date=12 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425214630/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/bollywood-kartik-aaryan-sony-titu-sweety-new-chip-of-the-old-block-5133639/|archive-date=25 April 2018}}</ref> Both his parents are doctors; his father, Manish Tiwari, is a [[paediatrician]], and his mother, Mala Tiwari, is a [[gynaecologist]].<ref name="mother"/><ref name="engineer"/> Aaryan did his schooling at St. Paul's School, Gwalior.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kartik Aaryan gets nostalgic |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kartik-aaryan-gets-nostalgic/articleshow/65412248.cms |work=The Times of India |date=15 August 2018 |access-date=1 September 2023 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901162049/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kartik-aaryan-gets-nostalgic/articleshow/65412248.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He later pursued an engineering degree in biotechnology from DY Patil University, [[Navi Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], while secretly harbouring ambitions for a career in film.<ref name="engineer">{{cite web|title=The engineer who became a Bollywood hero|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-engineer-who-became-a-bollywood-hero/20140423.htm|work=Rediff.com|access-date=23 April 2014|last=N|first=Patcy|date=7 February 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423215510/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-engineer-who-became-a-bollywood-hero/20140423.htm|archive-date=23 April 2014}}</ref><ref name="mother">{{cite news|last=Rawal Kukreja|first=Monika|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/mother-s-day-kartik-aaryan-says-his-mom-googles-his-name-every-day-adds-his-girlfriends-on-facebook/story-d8HuZdZqZ4L3umZVmRHRjO.html|title=Mother's Day: Kartik Aaryan says his mom googles his name every day, adds his girlfriends on Facebook|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=13 May 2018|access-date=3 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702233234/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/mother-s-day-kartik-aaryan-says-his-mom-googles-his-name-every-day-adds-his-girlfriends-on-facebook/story-d8HuZdZqZ4L3umZVmRHRjO.html|archive-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> He has said that he would skip his classes and travel for two hours to attend auditions.<ref name="dna18">{{cite news|last=Rakshit|first=Nayandeep|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/interview-sonu-ke-titu-ki-sweety-actor-kartik-aaryan-now-people-are-calling-me-a-hot-chocolate-boy-2587229|title=Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety actor Kartik Aaryan: Now, people are calling me a 'hot-chocolate boy'|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=22 February 2018|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410062553/http://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/interview-sonu-ke-titu-ki-sweety-actor-kartik-aaryan-now-people-are-calling-me-a-hot-chocolate-boy-2587229|archive-date=10 April 2018}}</ref><ref name="firstpost18">{{cite news|last=Srivastava|first=Abhishek|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kartik-aaryan-says-contrary-to-popular-belief-sonu-ke-titu-ki-sweety-is-not-a-recreation-of-pyaar-ka-punchnama-4360615.html|title=Kartik Aaryan says contrary to popular belief, Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety is not a recreation of Pyaar Ka Punchnama|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=21 February 2018|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312140604/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kartik-aaryan-says-contrary-to-popular-belief-sonu-ke-titu-ki-sweety-is-not-a-recreation-of-pyaar-ka-punchnama-4360615.html|archive-date=12 March 2018}}</ref>

Aaryan began a modelling career while in university and after three years of unsuccessfully auditioning for films, he did an acting course from the Kreating Charakters institute. He informed his parents of his desire to become an actor only after he signed his first film.<ref name="engineer" /><ref name="filmfare14">{{cite news|last=Loynmoon|first=Karishma|url=http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/i-didnt-know-how-to-kiss-5960.html|title=I didn't know how to kiss|work=[[Filmfare]]|date=24 April 2014|access-date=27 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020202103/http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/i-didnt-know-how-to-kiss-5960.html|archive-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> He later completed his engineering degree at the insistence of his mother, after the release of his first film.<ref name="firstpost18" /><ref name="indiatoday15" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Its-nice-to-be-an-educated-actor-Kartik-Tiwari/articleshow/18333085.cms|title=It's nice to be an educated actor: Kartik Tiwari|work=The Times of India|access-date=9 November 2017|date=5 February 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231001804/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Its-nice-to-be-an-educated-actor-Kartik-Tiwari/articleshow/18333085.cms|archive-date=31 December 2017}}</ref>

==Career==
=== Early work and struggle (2011–2017) ===
While still in his third year of college, Aaryan made his acting debut with [[Luv Ranjan]]'s [[buddy film]] ''[[Pyaar Ka Punchnama]]'' (2011), co-starring [[Divyendu Sharma]], Raayo S Bakhirta, and [[Nushrat Bharucha]], which revolves around the romantic tribulations faced by three young men.<ref name="gamble">{{cite news|last=Khuranaa|first=Amann|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Kartik-Aaryan-My-mom-still-feels-that-being-in-films-is-a-gamble/articleshow/49481081.cms|title=Kartik Aaryan: My mom still feels that being in films is a gamble|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 October 2015|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726231045/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Kartik-Aaryan-My-mom-still-feels-that-being-in-films-is-a-gamble/articleshow/49481081.cms|archive-date=26 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=B-town's new faces in 2011|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/B-town-s-new-faces-in-2011-imagegallery-13-bollywood-lmvkDTgiejf.html|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=10 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418123136/http://www.sify.com/movies/B-town-s-new-faces-in-2011-imagegallery-13-bollywood-lmvkDTgiejf.html|archive-date=18 April 2014}}</ref> He found a casting call for the film on Facebook and secured the role after auditioning for six months.<ref name="engineer" /> As he had limited financial means at that point, he lived in an apartment with 12 other aspiring actors and earned money by cooking for them.<ref name="engineer" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Raghuvendra|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/kartik-aaryan-interview-with-filmfare-12391-3.html|title=Kartik Aaryan reveals his food secrets|work=Filmfare|date=29 February 2016|access-date=27 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105025648/http://www.filmfare.com/features/kartik-aaryan-interview-with-filmfare-12391-3.html|archive-date=5 January 2017}}</ref> In ''Pyaar Ka Punchnama'', his character's four-minute [[monologue]] was one of the lengthiest single shots done for a Hindi film to that point.<ref>{{cite news|title=Debutant breaks record with four minute comic monologue?|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/2205|author=Tuteja, Joginder|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=13 May 2011|access-date=10 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325130540/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/2205|archive-date=25 March 2014}}</ref> Reviewing it for [[Rediff.com]], Shaikh Ayaz found Aaryan's "bursting soliloquy on why women are the way they are and can never be understood [to be] riotously funny".<ref>{{cite web|title=Review: Pyaar Ka Punchnama could have been better|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-pyaar-ka-punchnama/20110520.htm|author=Ayaz, Shaikh|work=Rediff.com|date=20 May 2011|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307182653/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-pyaar-ka-punchnama/20110520.htm|archive-date=7 March 2016}}</ref> [[Namrata Joshi]] of ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'' criticised the film for portraying each of the female characters as a "hard-hearted bitch" but was appreciative of Aaryan's monologue and the chemistry between the three men.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pyaar Ka Punchnama|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/pyaar-ka-punchnama/271980|author=[[Namrata Joshi|Joshi, Namrata]]|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|date=6 June 2011|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702192240/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/pyaar-ka-punchnama/271980|archive-date=2 July 2018}}</ref> The film emerged as a [[sleeper hit]] and he received a nomination for the [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Male Debut]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Decoding the success of Pyaar Ka Punchnama: How it became a sleeper hit|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/decoding-the-success-of-pyaar-ka-punchnama-how-it-became-a-sleeper-hit/story-nSevPqlSEdlLWKYFampz0L.html|author=Vats, Rohit|work=Hindustan Times|date=22 February 2018|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321071600/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/decoding-the-success-of-pyaar-ka-punchnama-how-it-became-a-sleeper-hit/story-nSevPqlSEdlLWKYFampz0L.html|archive-date=21 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="pga12">{{cite news|title=Nominations for 7th Chevrolet Apsara Film and Television Producers Guild Awards|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-7th-chevrolet-apsara-film-and-television-producers-guild-awards/|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=25 January 2012|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702100440/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-for-7th-chevrolet-apsara-film-and-television-producers-guild-awards/|archive-date=2 July 2018}}</ref>

[[File:Kartik Aaryan in 2014.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|Aaryan at an event for his film ''[[Kaanchi (2014 film)|Kaanchi]]'' in 2014]]

His next film release came two years later when he collaborated once again with Ranjan and Bharucha in the romance ''[[Akaash Vani]]'' (2013), which is about the titular lovers who are separated when Vani is married off to an abusive husband.<ref>{{cite news|title='Akash Vani' will make a mark as love story: Abhishek Pathak|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-06/news-interviews/35646472_1_love-story-pyaar-ka-punchnama-luv-ranjan|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216063417/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-06/news-interviews/35646472_1_love-story-pyaar-ka-punchnama-luv-ranjan|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 February 2013|date=6 December 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ten films that weren't really what they seemed|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/0yMeeGFzUpYiRkrHnU0IUI/Ten-films-that-werent-really-what-they-seemed.html|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|author=Jha, Lata|date=9 December 2015|access-date=10 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110235115/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/0yMeeGFzUpYiRkrHnU0IUI/Ten-films-that-werent-really-what-they-seemed.html|archive-date=10 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sudhish Kamath]] of ''[[The Hindu]]'' praised the film for exploring chauvinism in India, a rare concept for Hindi film, and praised the chemistry between the two stars, writing that "you can tell how much they are in love, even when they don't have any lines".<ref>{{cite news|title=Akaash Vani — Far removed from Bollywood better|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/akaash-vani-far-removed-from-bollywood/article4348025.ece|author=[[Sudhish Kamath|Kamath, Sudish]]|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 January 2013|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171125063500/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/akaash-vani-far-removed-from-bollywood/article4348025.ece|archive-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> Sudhir Chaudhary, the cinematographer in Aaryan's previous films, showed his work to [[Subhash Ghai]], who was impressed by Aaryan and cast him in his directorial ''[[Kaanchi (2014 film)|Kaanchi]]'' (2014).<ref name="filmfare14" /> It is a drama about a woman's quest for justice when her husband is murdered by politicians, in which Aaryan played the love interest of the title character (played by [[Mishti]]). Despite a brief role, Aaryan agreed to the project to work with Ghai.<ref name="filmfare14" /> Saibal Chatterjee of [[NDTV]] disliked the film but wrote that Aaryan "exudes strong screen presence and shows flashes of qualities needed to be a mainstream [[Bollywood]] lover boy".<ref>{{cite web|title=Kaanchi movie review|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/kaanchi-movie-review-957|author=Chatterjee, Saibal|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=8 May 2014|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114205137/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/kaanchi-movie-review-957|archive-date=14 November 2017}}</ref> Both ''Akaash Vani'' and ''Kaanchi'' did not perform well commercially, leading Aaryan to question his career prospects.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/actor.php?actorid=634|title=Kartik Tiwari|access-date=2 July 2018|website=[[Box Office India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702100436/https://boxofficeindia.com/actor.php?actorid=634|archive-date=2 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday15">{{cite news|title=Kartik Aaryan: Thankfully, people haven't yet called Pyaar Ka Punchnama 2 misogynistic|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kartik-aaryan-thankfully-people-havent-yet-called-pyaar-ka-punchnama-2-misogynistic-problem-yeh-hai-ki-woh-ladki-hai-pkp-2-release-kartik-tiwari-interview-268086-2015-10-14|author=Bhattacharya, Ananya|work=[[India Today]]|date=14 October 2015|access-date=2 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702161610/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kartik-aaryan-thankfully-people-havent-yet-called-pyaar-ka-punchnama-2-misogynistic-problem-yeh-hai-ki-woh-ladki-hai-pkp-2-release-kartik-tiwari-interview-268086-2015-10-14|archive-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2015, Aaryan starred in Ranjan's comedy sequel ''[[Pyaar Ka Punchnama 2]]'', which retained some of the original's cast, including him and Bharucha, and added the actors [[Omkar Kapoor]] and [[Sunny Nijar|Sunny Singh]]. In it, he delivered an even longer, seven minute single-shot monologue.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-on-his-single-status-girls-took-my-love-rant-monologue-too-seriously/story-jtudBR9HbEKWI9gBG3borO.html|title=Kartik Aaryan on his single status: Girls took my love rant monologue too seriously|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=9 November 2017|date=29 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110004816/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-on-his-single-status-girls-took-my-love-rant-monologue-too-seriously/story-jtudBR9HbEKWI9gBG3borO.html|archive-date=10 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/What-makes-Kartik-Aaryan-the-monologue-king/articleshow/50558928.cms|title=What makes Kartik Aaryan the monologue king?|work=The Times of India|date=17 January 2017|access-date=30 November 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116075410/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/What-makes-Kartik-Aaryan-the-monologue-king/articleshow/50558928.cms|archive-date=16 January 2016}}</ref> Mike McCahill of ''[[The Guardian]]'' criticised the film's poor handling of female roles, but considered the banter between Aaryan and Bharucha's characters to be its highlight.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pyaar Ka Punchnama 2 review – second helping of The Hangover, Bollywood-style, turns nasty at the end|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/oct/18/pkp2-pyaar-ka-punchnama-2-review-bollywood-india-hangover|author=McCahill, Mike|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=18 October 2015|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205121839/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/oct/18/pkp2-pyaar-ka-punchnama-2-review-bollywood-india-hangover|archive-date=5 December 2017}}</ref> Shubha Shetty-Guha of ''[[Mid-Day]]'' too took note of the misogynistic themes but found parts of it "uproariously funny".<ref>{{cite news|title='Pyaar Ka Punchnama 2' – Movie Review|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/pyaar-ka-punchnama-2---movie-review/16612213|author=Shetty-Guha, Shubha|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=16 October 2015|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206091016/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/pyaar-ka-punchnama-2---movie-review/16612213|archive-date=6 December 2017}}</ref> When asked about the sexism in the film, Aaryan said that as a proponent of gender equality his character did not reflect his personal beliefs.<ref>{{cite web|title=I respect women a lot, hold no grudges against them: Kartik Aaryan on his 'PKP2' monologue|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/i-respect-women-a-lot-hold-no-grudges-against-them-kartik-aaryan-on-his-pkp2-monologue-1157913.html|author=Sameeksha|publisher=[[News18]]|date=29 October 2015|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702192241/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/i-respect-women-a-lot-hold-no-grudges-against-them-kartik-aaryan-on-his-pkp2-monologue-1157913.html|archive-date=2 July 2018}}</ref> With earnings of over {{INRConvert|880|m}} against a budget of {{INRConvert|220|m}}, ''Pyaar Ka Punchnama 2'' emerged as a major financial success.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3083|title=Pyaar Ka Punchnama 2|access-date=2 July 2018|website=Box Office India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217155158/http://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3083|archive-date=17 December 2017}}</ref> For his performance, Aaryan won a [[Stardust Award]] for Best Actor In A Comic Role.<ref name="first award">{{cite news|title=Kartik Aaryan Ecstatic With First Award|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/kartik-aaryan-ecstatic-with-first-award/16798161|work=[[Mid-Day]]|date=23 December 2015|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702100440/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/kartik-aaryan-ecstatic-with-first-award/16798161|archive-date=2 July 2018}}</ref>

The following year, Aaryan featured as a young Muslim boy who falls in love with an older woman in [[Tanuja Chandra]]'s short film ''[[Silvat]]'', which was made as part of the Zeal For Unity initiative to bridge cultural barriers between India and Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-plays-muslim-boy-in-tanuja-chandras-film/|title=Kartik Aaryan plays Muslim boy in Tanuja Chandra's film|date=18 February 2016|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317164658/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-plays-muslim-boy-in-tanuja-chandras-film/|archive-date=17 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/in-zeal-for-unity-indian-pakistani-filmmakers-to-bridge-divide/|title=In 'zeal for unity', Indian, Pakistani filmmakers to bridge divide|date=10 February 2016|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526043712/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/in-zeal-for-unity-indian-pakistani-filmmakers-to-bridge-divide/|archive-date=26 May 2016}}</ref> As he enjoyed working in comedies, Aaryan next starred alongside [[Paresh Rawal]] and [[Kriti Kharbanda]] in ''[[Guest iin London]]'' (2017), which is about a young couple troubled by unwelcome guests.<ref name="guest">{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/guest-iin-london-actor-kartik-aaryan-4724703/|title=Guest Iin London actor Kartik Aaryan: It is important to have an image in the industry|date=27 June 2017|work=The Indian Express|access-date=3 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207141240/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/guest-iin-london-actor-kartik-aaryan-4724703/|archive-date=7 December 2017}}</ref> A few scenes between Rawal and him were improvised on set.<ref name="guest" /> In a scathing review, Rohit Vats of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' criticised the film's reliance on [[flatulence humour]], and wrote that Aaryan "looks good, dances well, does his gags well, but eventually ends up playing the second fiddle to Rawal. Kartik has a likeable vibe, but that gets drowned in Rawal's perennial farting."<ref>{{cite news|title=Guest Iin London movie review: Don't make silly films like Paresh Rawal|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/guest-iin-london-movie-review-paresh-rawal-s-lame-jokes-make-everything-look-silly/story-8ANuWD0BvHN0AzyipIo0eM.html|author=Vats, Rohit|work=Hindustan Times|date=20 July 2017|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130234143/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/guest-iin-london-movie-review-paresh-rawal-s-lame-jokes-make-everything-look-silly/story-8ANuWD0BvHN0AzyipIo0eM.html|archive-date=30 January 2018}}</ref> It did not perform well commercially.<ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office: Mom opens poorly, Guest Iin London flops|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/box-office-mom-opens-poorly-guest-iin-london-flops/20170710.htm|work=Rediff.com|date=10 July 2017|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928125220/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/box-office-mom-opens-poorly-guest-iin-london-flops/20170710.htm|archive-date=28 September 2017}}</ref>

=== Breakthrough (2018–2021) ===
Aaryan's breakthrough came in 2018 when he collaborated with Ranjan and Bharucha for the fourth time in ''[[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]]'', which also reunited him with Singh.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/kartik-aaryan-luv-ranjan-reunite-for-a-rom-com-116110701489_1.html|title=Kartik Aaryan, Luv Ranjan reunite for a rom-com|date=7 November 2016|work=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=30 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201015858/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/kartik-aaryan-luv-ranjan-reunite-for-a-rom-com-116110701489_1.html|archive-date=1 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title="It's finally happening to me" – Kartik Aaryan|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/finally-happening-kartik-aaryan/|last=Jha|first=Subhash K.|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=17 March 2018|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317084937/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/finally-happening-kartik-aaryan/|archive-date=17 March 2018}}</ref> The film tells the story of Sonu (Aaryan) who plots to separate his best friend Titu (Singh) from his fiancée Sweety (Bharucha) as Sonu considers her to be a [[gold digger]]. As with the ''Pyaar Ka Punchnama'' films, reviewers criticised the film's [[misogyny]];<ref>{{cite news|title=Luv Ranjan on the alleged misogyny in Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety: Political correctness is not always a great thing|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sonu-ke-titu-ki-sweety-director-luv-ranjan-5095502/|author=Jalan, Shivangi|work=The Indian Express|date=13 March 2018|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313043106/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sonu-ke-titu-ki-sweety-director-luv-ranjan-5095502/|archive-date=13 March 2018}}</ref> [[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' took note of the film's homosexual undertones but panned it as a "dreary woman-hate-fest" and thought that Aaryan was "tiresome and hammy" in it.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety movie review: A dreary woman-hate-fest cum unwitting gaymance|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sonu-ke-titu-ki-sweety-movie-review-a-dreary-woman-hate-fest-cum-unwitting-gaymance-4363591.html|author=[[Anna M. M. Vetticad|Vetticad, Anna M. M.]]|work=Firstpost|date=23 February 2018|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624231650/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sonu-ke-titu-ki-sweety-movie-review-a-dreary-woman-hate-fest-cum-unwitting-gaymance-4363591.html|archive-date=24 June 2018}}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] too disliked the "objectionable stereotyping" of women but found it to be "unquestionably funny" and credited Aaryan for making his character a "relatable, likeable figure despite his misdeeds".<ref>{{cite web|title=Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety Review: Despite Its Stereotyping & Frequent Misogyny, The Film Is Unquestionably Funny|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sonu-ke-titu-ki-sweety-review-despite-its-sexism-stereotyping-frequent-misogyny-the-film-is-unquestionably-funny-1670911.html|author=[[Rajeev Masand|Masand, Rajeev]]|website=News18|date=24 February 2018|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224111052/http://www.news18.com/news/movies/sonu-ke-titu-ki-sweety-review-despite-its-sexism-stereotyping-frequent-misogyny-the-film-is-unquestionably-funny-1670911.html|archive-date=24 February 2018}}</ref> Once again addressing the criticisms, Aaryan said that portraying women as negative characters did not amount to misogyny just as casting men in villainous roles did not amount to misandry.<ref name="chip" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Kartik Aaryan raises an important question about his film being called "sexist"!|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kartik-aaryan-raises-an-important-question-about-his-film-being-called-sexist/articleshow/63729949.cms|work=The Times of India|date=12 April 2018|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702174146/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kartik-aaryan-raises-an-important-question-about-his-film-being-called-sexist/articleshow/63729949.cms|archive-date=2 July 2018}}</ref> With earnings of {{INRConvert|1.5|b}}, the film emerged as Aaryan's biggest success.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/box-office-report-sonu-ke-titu-ki-sweety-is-super-hit-earns-over-rs-68-crore-1820403|title=Box Office Report: Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety Is 'Super Hit.' Earns Over Rs. 68 Crore|date=7 March 2018|publisher=NDTV|access-date=10 March 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310075814/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/box-office-report-sonu-ke-titu-ki-sweety-is-super-hit-earns-over-rs-68-crore-1820403|archive-date=10 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3881|title=Worldwide Alltime : Padmaavat 7th – Baaghi 2 22nd|access-date=26 April 2018|date=26 April 2018|website=Box Office India|archive-url=https://archive.today/20190111163826/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3881|archive-date=11 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He won the [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role]].<ref name="zee19">{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-zee-cine-awards-2019/ |title=Winners of Zee Cine Awards 2019 |date=19 March 2019 |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=19 March 2019 |archive-date=20 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320121840/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-zee-cine-awards-2019/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Kartik Aaryan and Kriti Sanon in 2019.jpg|thumbnail|Aaryan and [[Kriti Sanon]] promoting ''[[Luka Chuppi]]'' in 2019]]
Aaryan believed that the success of ''Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety'' allowed him to choose from a wider variety of roles. He was drawn to ''[[Luka Chuppi]]'' (2019), a satire on live-in relationships in small-town India, for depicting social issues through comedy.<ref name="telegraph">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/a-fan-wanted-to-eat-my-hair-kartik-aaryan/cid/1685937|title=A fan wanted to eat my hair: Kartik Aaryan|last=Upadhyay|first=Karishma|date=1 March 2019|work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301031333/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/a-fan-wanted-to-eat-my-hair-kartik-aaryan/cid/1685937|archive-date=1 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Co-starring [[Kriti Sanon]], it was filmed in his hometown of Gwalior.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-luka-chuppi-release-bollywood-mumbai-5602183/|title=Don't let rejection bring you down: Luka Chuppi actor Kartik Aaryan|last=Khatau|first=Parth|date=27 February 2019|work=The Indian Express|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301140210/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-luka-chuppi-release-bollywood-mumbai-5602183/|archive-date=1 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Shubhra Gupta of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' criticised the writing for failing to subvert the issues raised in the film, and thought that both Aaryan and Sanon "come off standard-issue Bollywood".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/luka-chuppi-review-kartik-aaryan-kriti-sanon-5606425/|title=Luka Chuppi movie review: A wasted opportunity|last=Gupta|first=Shubhra|date=1 March 2019|work=The Indian Express|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301103733/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/luka-chuppi-review-kartik-aaryan-kriti-sanon-5606425/|archive-date=1 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He next starred alongside [[Bhumi Pednekar]] and [[Ananya Panday]] in the comedy ''[[Pati Patni Aur Woh (2019 film)|Pati Patni Aur Woh]]'', a remake of the 1978 [[Pati Patni Aur Woh (1978 film)|film of the same name]]. He took on the part of a philandering husband, which was played by [[Sanjeev Kumar]] in the original film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kartik-aaryan-teams-up-with-ananya-panday-and-bhumi-pednekar-for-pati-patni-aur-woh-2007209.html|title=Kartik Aaryan Teams Up with Ananya Panday and Bhumi Pednekar for Pati Patni Aur Woh|date=19 January 2019|website=News18|access-date=19 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119120849/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kartik-aaryan-teams-up-with-ananya-panday-and-bhumi-pednekar-for-pati-patni-aur-woh-2007209.html|archive-date=19 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Anupama Chopra]] considered the film to be less misogynistic than the original; she wrote that Aaryan "enthusiastically commits" to his part but added that he had been overshadowed by his leading ladies.<ref>{{cite web|author=Chopra, Anupama|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/pati-patni-aur-woh-movie-review-fun-but-too-lightweight-and-low-iq-to-carry-complex-ideas|title=Pati Patni Aur Woh Movie Review: Fun, But Too Lightweight And Low IQ To Carry Complex Ideas|date=6 December 2019|website=Film Companion|access-date=6 December 2019|archive-date=22 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122132544/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/pati-patni-aur-woh-movie-review-fun-but-too-lightweight-and-low-iq-to-carry-complex-ideas|url-status=live}}</ref> Both ''Luka Chuppi'' and ''Pati Patni Aur Woh'' were commercially successful, each grossing over {{INRConvert|1|b}} worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|author=Tuteja, Joginder|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-kartik-aaryan-ananya-pandey-bhumi-pednekar-mudassar-azizs-stocks-go-pati-patni-aur-woh-week-two-updates/|title=Box Office – Kartik Aaryan, Ananya Pandey, Bhumi Pednekar, Mudassar Aziz's stocks go up with Pati Patni aur Woh – Week two updates|date=20 December 2019|website=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=20 December 2019|archive-date=20 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220084831/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-kartik-aaryan-ananya-pandey-bhumi-pednekar-mudassar-azizs-stocks-go-pati-patni-aur-woh-week-two-updates/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2019/|title=Bollywood Top Grossers Worldwide: 2019|website=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=20 December 2019|archive-date=18 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118064625/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2019/|url-status=live}}</ref> For the latter, he won his second consecutive Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role.<ref name="zee20">{{cite news|title=Zee Cine Awards 2020: Kartik, Ayushmann, Taapsee and Ranveer Singh win big|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/zee-cine-awards-2020-ranveer-singh-and-taapsee-pannu-win-big-6313708/|publisher=Indian Express|date=14 March 2020|access-date=22 March 2021|archive-date=30 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330142246/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/zee-cine-awards-2020-ranveer-singh-and-taapsee-pannu-win-big-6313708/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]]'s romantic drama ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2020 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]'', a [[spiritual successor]] to Ali's [[Love Aaj Kal (2009 film)|2009 film of the same name]] was Aaryan's sole film release of 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/love-aaj-kal-box-office-preview-kartik-aaryan-and-sara-ali-khan-starrer-to-make-terrific-start-804269.html|title='Love Aaj Kal' box office preview: Kartik Aaryan And Sara Ali Khan starrer to make terrific start|last=Roktim|first=Rajpal|date=13 February 2020|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=14 February 2020|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303115819/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/love-aaj-kal-box-office-preview-kartik-aaryan-and-sara-ali-khan-starrer-to-make-terrific-start-804269.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He played dual roles of young men in 1990 and 2020, opposite [[Arushi Sharma]] and [[Sara Ali Khan]], respectively, after working on the mannerisms and body language of the characters to differentiate them from each other.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/kartik-aryan-on-love-aaj-kal-im-working-out-of-my-comfort-zone-for-the-first-time-and-its-a-litmus-test-for-me-8034121.html|title=Kartik Aryan on Love Aaj Kal: I'm working out of my comfort zone for the first time and it's a litmus test for me|last=Sinha|first=Seema|date=13 February 2020|website=Firstpost|access-date=14 February 2020|archive-date=13 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213185300/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/kartik-aryan-on-love-aaj-kal-im-working-out-of-my-comfort-zone-for-the-first-time-and-its-a-litmus-test-for-me-8034121.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/meet-kartik-aaryan-veer-raghu-imtiaz-alis-love-aaj-kal/|title=Meet Kartik Aaryan as Veer and Raghu in Imtiaz Ali's Love Aaj Kal|date=21 January 2020|website=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=14 February 2020|archive-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128073436/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/meet-kartik-aaryan-veer-raghu-imtiaz-alis-love-aaj-kal/|url-status=live}}</ref> In a negative review of the film, Nandini Ramnath of [[Scroll.in]] wrote that Aaryan "nails the diffidence and callowness of his characters" but bemoaned that he lacked "brooding quality and simmering intensity" in certain scenes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/952921/love-aaj-kal-movie-review-a-banal-and-self-indulgent-tour-of-past-and-present-romance|title='Love Aaj Kal' movie review: A banal and self-indulgent tour of past and present romance|date=14 February 2020|website=[[Scroll.in]]|access-date=14 February 2020|archive-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214015741/https://scroll.in/reel/952921/love-aaj-kal-movie-review-a-banal-and-self-indulgent-tour-of-past-and-present-romance|url-status=live}}</ref> It emerged as a [[box office bomb]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/entertainment/love-aaj-kal-flops-trade-analysts-speak|title='Love Aaj Kal' flops, trade analysts speak|last=Jha|first=Subhash K|date=19 February 2020|work=[[National Herald (India)|National Herald]]|access-date=21 February 2020|archive-date=21 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221073938/https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/entertainment/love-aaj-kal-flops-trade-analysts-speak|url-status=live}}</ref>

Aaryan was cast by [[Dharma Productions]] in the comedy sequel ''[[Dostana 2]]'', but after filming for 20 days, he was fired.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 April 2021|title=Kartik Aaryan Dropped From Dharma Productions' Dostana 2|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kartik-aaryan-dropped-from-dharma-productions-dostana-2-sources-2415069|work=NDTV|language=en|access-date=16 April 2021|archive-date=14 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014110939/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kartik-aaryan-dropped-from-dharma-productions-dostana-2-sources-2415069|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bollywood Hungama]] reported that it was due to creative differences between him and producer [[Karan Johar]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 April 2021|title=CONFIRMED: Kartik Aaryan replaced from Dostana 2, Dharma decides to never work with the actor again|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-kartik-aaryan-replaced-dostana-2-dharma-decides-never-work-actor/|work=Bollywood Hungama|language=en|access-date=16 April 2021|archive-date=16 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416070104/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-kartik-aaryan-replaced-dostana-2-dharma-decides-never-work-actor/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 April 2021|title=Dharma Productions Fires Kartik Aaryan from Dostana 2 Due to 'Unprofessional Behaviour'|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/dharma-productions-fires-kartik-aaryan-from-dostana-2-due-to-unprofessional-behaviour-report-3645866.html|work=News 18|language=en|access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref> In 2021, Aaryan starred in [[Ram Madhvani]]'s thriller ''[[Dhamaka (2021 film)|Dhamaka]]'', a remake of the Korean film ''[[The Terror Live]]'' (2013). Filmed entirely in 10 days, it was released on [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 December 2020 |title=Kartik Aaryan sets a new record, wraps Dhamaka in just 10 days |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-s-dhamaka-completes-filming-after-just-10-days/story-7hCX7Exzy82GgwUeKSKjOL.html |access-date=26 December 2020 |archive-date=14 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014110949/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-s-dhamaka-completes-filming-after-just-10-days/story-7hCX7Exzy82GgwUeKSKjOL_amp.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramachandran|first=Naman|date=2 March 2021|title=Kartik Aaryan's 'Dhamaka' Lands Netflix Deal (Exclusive)|url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/news/kartik-aaryan-dhamaka-netflix-1234918235/|access-date=14 May 2021|website=Variety|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514060600/https://variety.com/2021/streaming/news/kartik-aaryan-dhamaka-netflix-1234918235/|url-status=live}}</ref> Stutee Ghosh of ''[[The Quint]]'' believed Aaryan's dark, against-type performance to be among the film's positive aspects.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/dhamaka-movie-review-kartik-aaryan-netflix-ram-madhvani-amruta-subhash|title=Dhamaka Review|first=Stutee|last=Ghosh|website=The Quint|date=19 November 2021 |access-date=20 November 2021|archive-date=14 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014110946/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/dhamaka-movie-review-kartik-aaryan-netflix-ram-madhvani-amruta-subhash|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== ''Bhool Bhulaiyaa'' franchise and dramatic expansion (2022–present) ===
[[File:Kartik Aaryan promoting Bhool Bhualiyaa 3.jpg|thumb|319x319px|Aaryan promoting ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]]'' in 2024]]
In 2022, Aaryan starred as Rooh Baba, a fraudulent psychic, in [[Anees Bazmee]]'s horror comedy ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]'' with [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] and [[Kiara Advani]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Basu, Nilanjana|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-first-look-kartik-aaryan-is-almost-akshay-kumars-doppelganger-2086984|title=Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2 First Look: Kartik Aaryan Is (Almost) Akshay Kumar's Doppelganger|date=19 August 2019|website=NDTV|access-date=19 August 2019|archive-date=19 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819080136/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-first-look-kartik-aaryan-is-almost-akshay-kumars-doppelganger-2086984|url-status=live}}</ref> He temporarily lost his voice while filming its climax sequence.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-loses-his-voice-while-shooting-for-bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-climax-50638.html | title=Kartik Aaryan loses his voice while shooting for Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2 climax | magazine=Filmfare | date=10 September 2021 | access-date=21 May 2022 | archive-date=14 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014110949/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-loses-his-voice-while-shooting-for-bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-climax-50638.html | url-status=live }}</ref> In a mixed review, Shalini Langer of ''The Indian Express'' noted that Aaryan's "cockiness [and] enthusiasm... lends some much-needed energy to the film".<ref>{{cite news|title=Bhool Bhulaiyya 2 movie review: Tabu towers over everyone in this Kartik Aaryan-Kiara Advani retread|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/bhool-bhulaiyya-2-movie-review-kartik-aaryan-kiara-advani-tabu-anees-bazmee-film-7927009/lite/|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=20 May 2022|access-date=20 May 2022|archive-date=14 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014110955/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/bhool-bhulaiyya-2-movie-review-kartik-aaryan-kiara-advani-tabu-anees-bazmee-film-7927009/lite/|url-status=live}}</ref> The film emerged as his biggest commercial success to that point, with worldwide earnings of over {{INRConvert|2.67|b}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2 Box Office Estimate Day 10: Collects Rs. 13 crores on second Sunday; clocks Rs. 30 cr. in 2nd weekend|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-box-office-estimate-day-10-collects-rs-13-crores-second-sunday-clocks-rs-30-cr-2nd-weekend/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=29 May 2022|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531062515/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-box-office-estimate-day-10-collects-rs-13-crores-second-sunday-clocks-rs-30-cr-2nd-weekend/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2 Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhool-bhulaiyaa-2/box-office/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=20 May 2022 |access-date=25 June 2022|archive-date=25 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625073512/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhool-bhulaiyaa-2/box-office/|url-status=live}}</ref> He won the [[Zee Cine Critics Award for Best Actor – Male]] and received a nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 February 2023 |title=Zee Cine Awards 2023 winners list: Alia Bhatt, Kartik Aaryan win Best Actor awards, The Kashmir Files wins Best Film |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-zee-cine-awards-2023-winners-list-alia-bhatt-kartik-aaryan-win-best-actor-award-the-kashmir-files-best-film-3026623 |work=DNA India |access-date=28 April 2023 |archive-date=19 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319134253/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-zee-cine-awards-2023-winners-list-alia-bhatt-kartik-aaryan-win-best-actor-award-the-kashmir-files-best-film-3026623 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ff23">{{Cite news |date=24 April 2023 |title=Nominations for the 68th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2023 with Maharashtra Tourism |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-68th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2023-with-maharashtra-tourism-58094.html |work=Filmfare |access-date=24 April 2023 |archive-date=24 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424083516/https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-68th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2023-with-maharashtra-tourism-58094.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He next played the titular role of a socially awkward dentist with a dark past in the psychological thriller ''[[Freddy (film)|Freddy]]'', which released on [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Disney+ Hotstar to stream Kartik Aaryan and Alaya F's 'Freddy' from 2 December|work=Mint|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/disney-hotstar-to-stream-kartik-aaryan-s-freddy-from-2-december-11668226700346.html|access-date=13 November 2022|archive-date=12 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112072322/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/disney-hotstar-to-stream-kartik-aaryan-s-freddy-from-2-december/amp-11668226700346.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In preparation, he gained 14 kg, observed a dentist at work, and lived in isolation.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Roy|first=Priyanka|title=Kartik Aaryan on going dark with Freddy, and his purple patch|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/kartik-aaryan-on-going-dark-with-freddy-and-his-purple-patch/cid/1901420|date=2 December 2022|access-date=2 December 2022|archive-date=2 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202015238/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/kartik-aaryan-on-going-dark-with-freddy-and-his-purple-patch/cid/1901420|url-status=live}}</ref> Reviewers for ''[[India Today]]'' and ''Hindustan Times'' were appreciative of Aaryan for playing against his comic and romantic image.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Joshi|first=Tushar|title=Freddy movie review: Kartik Aaryan's performance is the highlight of this dark twisted thriller|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/freddy-movie-review-kartik-aaryans-performance-is-the-highlight-of-this-dark-twisted-thriller-2304332-2022-12-02|date=2 December 2022|access-date=2 December 2022|archive-date=2 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202065709/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/freddy-movie-review-kartik-aaryans-performance-is-the-highlight-of-this-dark-twisted-thriller-2304332-2022-12-02|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Rawak Kukreja|first=Monika|title=Freddy movie review: Kartik Aaryan brings his A-game to this spine-chilling thriller|work=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/freddy-movie-review-kartik-aaryan-brings-his-a-game-to-this-spine-chilling-thriller-101669950081745.html|date=2 December 2022|access-date=2 December 2022|archive-date=2 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202060330/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/freddy-movie-review-kartik-aaryan-brings-his-a-game-to-this-spine-chilling-thriller-101669950081745.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2023, Aaryan starred in a remake of the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] action film ''[[Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo]]'' (2020), titled ''[[Shehzada (2023 film)|Shehzada]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kartik Aaryan to be paid Rs 10 crore for the Hindi remake of Allu Arjun's 'Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kartik-aaryan-to-be-paid-rs-10-crore-for-the-hindi-remake-of-allu-arjuns-ala-vaikunthapurramuloo/articleshow/77387794.cms|access-date=17 April 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=27 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127143407/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kartik-aaryan-to-be-paid-rs-10-crore-for-the-hindi-remake-of-allu-arjuns-ala-vaikunthapurramuloo/articleshow/77387794.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> When the film's producers suffered a financial crisis, Aaryan returned his salary, and was thus credited as producer.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kartik Aaryan reveals why he returned his fees as actor for Shehzada: 'Film was going through a crisis'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-reveals-why-he-returned-his-fees-as-actor-for-shehzada-film-was-going-through-crisis-101676615830695.html|date=17 February 2023|access-date=15 March 2023|newspaper=Hindustan Times|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315092915/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-reveals-why-he-returned-his-fees-as-actor-for-shehzada-film-was-going-through-crisis-101676615830695.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was a critical and commercial failure.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Did Pathaan kill Shehzada at the box office? Trade experts reveal all|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/did-pathaan-kill-shehzada-at-the-box-office-trade-experts-reveal-all/articleshow/98104329.cms|date=21 February 2023|access-date=15 March 2023|newspaper=The Times of India|archive-date=15 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315092914/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/did-pathaan-kill-shehzada-at-the-box-office-trade-experts-reveal-all/articleshow/98104329.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Reacting to its reception, Aaryan said that he would not work in a remake again.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kartik Aaryan opens up on Shehzada failure, says he 'wouldn't do a remake' again: 'This was something people had already seen'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-shehzada-failure-wouldnt-do-remake-again-8878299/|date=5 August 2023|access-date=6 August 2023|work=The Indian Express|archive-date=6 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806022455/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-shehzada-failure-wouldnt-do-remake-again-8878299/|url-status=live}}</ref> He reunited with Kiara Advani in ''[[Satyaprem Ki Katha]]'', a romantic drama about a troubled marriage.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 August 2022 |title=Kartik Aaryan, Kiara Advani starrer Satyaprem Ki Katha gets a release date and it's in 2023 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-kiara-advani-starrer-satyaprem-ki-katha-gets-release-date-2023/ |access-date=26 August 2022 |website=Bollywood Hungama |archive-date=26 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826093029/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-kiara-advani-starrer-satyaprem-ki-katha-gets-release-date-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Although Nandini Ramnath wrote that "Aaryan puts visible effort" into a complex role and [[Sukanya Verma]] believed that he "sparkles in certain moments of vulnerability", they both opined that he had been overshadowed by Advani.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramnath|first=Nandini|title='Satyaprem Ki Katha' review: True love is put to the test|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1051189/satyaprem-ki-katha-review-true-love-is-put-to-the-test|date=29 June 2023|access-date=29 June 2023|website=Scroll.in|archive-date=29 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629103254/https://scroll.in/reel/1051189/satyaprem-ki-katha-review-true-love-is-put-to-the-test|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Verma|first=Sukanya|title=Satyaprem Ki Katha Review: Kiara's In Fine Form Even When Katha Is Not|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/satyaprem-ki-katha-review-kiaras-in-fine-form-even-when-katha-is-not/20230629.htm|date=29 June 2023|access-date=29 June 2023|website=Rediff.com|archive-date=29 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629102801/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/satyaprem-ki-katha-review-kiaras-in-fine-form-even-when-katha-is-not/20230629.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> It emerged as a modest commercial success.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7871|title=Satyaprem Ki Katha Holds Up Well On Third Friday|date=15 July 2023|access-date=29 November 2023|website=Box Office India|archive-date=16 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216015735/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7871|url-status=live}}</ref>

Aaryan starred as [[Murlikant Petkar]], an army man who became a [[Paralympic Games|Paralympic]] gold medalist, in [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]]'s biographical drama ''[[Chandu Champion]]'' (2024).<ref name="chch">{{Cite web|title=Kartik Aaryan to share screen with Vijay Raaz, Bhuvan Arora, Rajpal Yadav and Bhagyashree in Chandu Champion|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-share-screen-vijay-raaz-bhuvan-arora-rajpal-yadav-bhagyashree-chandu-champion-report/|date=31 July 2023|access-date=1 August 2023|website=Bollywood Hungama|archive-date=1 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801061857/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-share-screen-vijay-raaz-bhuvan-arora-rajpal-yadav-bhagyashree-chandu-champion-report/|url-status=live}}</ref> In preparation, he underwent extensive diet and exercises, and trained in swimming and boxing.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Deb Roy|first=Lachmi|title=Kartik Aaryan on Chandu Champion: 'Just like Murlikant Petkar, I refuse to surrender'|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/exclusive-kartik-aaryan-on-chandu-champion-just-like-murlikant-petkar-i-refuse-to-surrender-13779908.html|date=8 June 2024|access-date=14 June 2024|website=Firstpost|archive-date=14 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614074649/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/exclusive-kartik-aaryan-on-chandu-champion-just-like-murlikant-petkar-i-refuse-to-surrender-13779908.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Film Companion]]'s Rahul Desai was pleased with his physical transformation and found his performance to be "nearly bereft of vanity".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desai|first=Rahul|title=Chandu Champion Review: Kabir Khan and Kartik Aaryan Win Against All Odds|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/bollywood-review/chandu-champion-review-kabir-khan-and-kartik-aaryan-win-against-all-odds|date=14 June 2024|access-date=14 June 2024|website=Film Companion|archive-date=14 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614070621/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/bollywood-review/chandu-champion-review-kabir-khan-and-kartik-aaryan-win-against-all-odds|url-status=live}}</ref> It did not perform well commercially but earned Aaryan his first [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8555|title=Chandu Champion Flops - Munjya Also Sees Heavy Drop|date=29 June 2024|access-date=29 June 2024|website=Box Office India|archive-date=29 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629073111/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8555|url-status=live}}</ref> He reprised his role as Rooh Baba in the spiritual sequel ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mankad|first=Mankad|title=Kartik Aaryan gears up to start Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3, Aashiqui 3, and Karan Johar's next in 2024|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-kartik-aaryan-gears-up-to-start-bhool-bhulaiyaa-3-aashiqui-3-and-karan-johars-next-in-2024-1270095|date=8 January 2024|access-date=9 January 2024|website=Pinkvilla|archive-date=9 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109012901/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-kartik-aaryan-gears-up-to-start-bhool-bhulaiyaa-3-aashiqui-3-and-karan-johars-next-in-2024-1270095|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/bhool-bhulaiyaa-3-teaser-vidya-balan-returns-as-manjulika-to-scare-off-kartik-aaryan-rooh-baba-watch-9590770/|title=Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3 teaser: Vidya Balan returns as the terrifying Manjulika to scare off Kartik Aaryan's Rooh Baba. Watch|date=27 September 2024|website=Indian Express|access-date=28 September 2024|archive-date=28 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928005743/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/bhool-bhulaiyaa-3-teaser-vidya-balan-returns-as-manjulika-to-scare-off-kartik-aaryan-rooh-baba-watch-9590770/|url-status=live}}</ref> In a mixed review for ''The Hindu'', Anuj Kumar lauded him as the "lifeline of the franchise" and appreciated his "natural flair for family comedy".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=2024-11-01 |title='Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3' movie review: Madhuri Dixit and Vidya Balan are underutilised in this drab horror comedy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/bhool-bhulaiyaa-3-movie-review-madhuri-dixit-and-vidya-balan-are-underutilised-this-drab-horror-comedy/article68819601.ece |access-date=2024-11-01 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> ''Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3'' grossed {{INRConvert|4.17|b}} worldwide to rank as the [[List of Hindi films of 2024|second highest-grossing Hindi film of 2024]] and Aaryan's highest-grossing release.<ref name="ww24">{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2024/|title=Bollywood Top Grossers Worldwide 2024|access-date=3 December 2024|website=Bollywood Hungama|archive-date=16 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116042452/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="alltime2">{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/all-time/page/1/ |title=Bollywood Top Grossers Worldwide |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=3 December 2024 |archive-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013072341/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/all-time/page/1/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His performance earned him the [[IIFA Award for Best Actor]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IIFA Awards 2025: Laapataa Ladies Sweeps 10 Awards. Kartik Aaryan Named Best Actor. Check Full List Of Winners |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/iifa-awards-2025-laapataa-ladies-sweeps-with-10-awards-kartik-aaryan-named-best-actor-check-full-list-of-winners-7888397 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=NDTV}}</ref>

The following year, Aaryan reunited with Panday and Vidwans in the Dharma Productions romantic comedy ''[[Tu Meri Main Tera Main Tera Tu Meri]]'', about a couple whose relationship is strained by their respective living situations. Anuj Kumar opined that Aaryan's character was largely a variation of roles he had previously portrayed in his collaborations with Ranjan, but noted that the actor had "clearly outgrown this silly-to-sincere journey".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=2025-12-25 |title='Tu Meri Main Tera Main Tera Tu Meri' movie review: Ananya Panday brings fresh energy to this yawn fest |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tu-meri-main-tera-main-tera-tu-meri-movie-review-ananya-panday-brings-fresh-energy-to-this-yawn-fest-kartik-aaryan/article70436626.ece |access-date=2025-12-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[WION]]'s Shomini Sen dubbed this pattern of mocking women's agency before repositioning a male character as a self-sacrificing enabler the "Kartik Aaryan brand of feminism", which she noted has become a problematic recurring theme in his filmography.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tu Meri Main Tera Main Tera Tu Meri review: Kartik Aaryan brand of feminism seems too familiar |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/bollywood/tu-meri-main-tera-main-tera-tu-meri-review-kartik-aaryan-brand-of-feminism-seems-too-familiar-ananya-panday-1766643740868 |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=Wion |language=en}}</ref> The film emerged as a box-office bomb.<ref name="verdict">{{Cite web |date=7 January 2026|title=Bollywood Box Office 2025 Report Card: From ALL-TIME BLOCKBUSTERS to DISASTERS – Film by Film Verdict|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/bollywood-box-office-2025-report-card-time-blockbusters-disasters-film-film-verdict/|access-date=11 January 2026|language=en}}</ref> Aaryan will next star in an as-yet untitled romantic drama film directed by [[Anurag Basu]] and co-starring [[Sreeleela]].<ref name="aashiqui">{{Cite news|last=Mathur|first=Abhimanyu|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/the-curious-case-of-aashiqui-3-why-kartik-aaryan-sreeleelas-new-film-avoids-using-the-much-publicised-title-101739708052716.html|title=The curious case of Aashiqui 3: Why Kartik Aaryan, Sreeleela's new film avoids using the much-publicised title|date=16 February 2025|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=24 February 2025}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Despite media speculation, Aaryan is reluctant to speak about his romantic relationships in the media. He has said, "I've never spoken about my relationships, and I expect the same from my partner".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-wishes-exes-sara-ali-khan-and-ananya-panday-didnt-speak-about-him-on-koffee-with-karan-101700571193032.html|title=Kartik Aaryan wishes exes Sara Ali Khan and Ananya Panday didn't speak about him on Koffee With Karan|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=21 November 2023|date=30 November 2023|archive-date=21 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121223812/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-wishes-exes-sara-ali-khan-and-ananya-panday-didnt-speak-about-him-on-koffee-with-karan-101700571193032.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is an [[eggetarian]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-22 |title=Kartik Aaryan was suggested to consume a meat based diet for Chandu Champion |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kartik-aaryan-was-suggested-to-consume-a-meat-based-diet-for-chandu-champion-exclusive/articleshow/110327045.cms |access-date=2024-07-20 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=20 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720153620/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kartik-aaryan-was-suggested-to-consume-a-meat-based-diet-for-chandu-champion-exclusive/articleshow/110327045.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Other work and media image ==
[[File:Kartik Aaryan Sister's wedding in Gwalior.jpg|thumb|Kartik Aaryan with his family at his sister Kritika's wedding in Gwalior]]In addition to acting in films, Aaryan endorses several brands and products, including the sportswear brand [[Hummel International]], the cream [[Emami#Fair And Handsome|Emami Fair And Handsome]] and the clothing brand Manyavar.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/hummel-signs-bollywood-heartthrob-kartik-aaryan-as-india-brand-ambassador-119021600296_1.html|title=hummel signs bollywood heartthrob, Kartik Aaryan as India Brand Ambassador|date=16 February 2019|work=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=20 March 2019|archive-date=16 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216110249/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/hummel-signs-bollywood-heartthrob-kartik-aaryan-as-india-brand-ambassador-119021600296_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/actor-kartik-aaryan-to-endorse-emami-fair-and-handsome/64168970|title=Actor Kartik Aaryan to endorse Emami Fair And Handsome|date=15 May 2018|work=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625100146/https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/actor-kartik-aaryan-to-endorse-emami-fair-and-handsome/64168970|archive-date=25 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-appointed-new-face-ethnic-brand-manyavar/|title=Kartik Aaryan appointed as the new face of ethnic brand Manyavar|date=4 July 2019|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=6 July 2019|archive-date=6 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706072134/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-appointed-new-face-ethnic-brand-manyavar/|url-status=live}}</ref> He has also co-hosted the [[19th IIFA Awards|2018 IIFA Awards]] with [[Ayushmann Khurrana]], and the [[Zee Cine Awards|2019 Zee Cine Awards]] with [[Vicky Kaushal]].<ref name="zee">{{cite news |date=20 March 2019 |title=Zee Cine Awards 2019: Kartik Aaryan, Vicky Kaushal host; Alia Bhatt, Ranbir Kapoor perform |url=https://www.firstpost.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/zee-cine-awards-2019-kartik-aaryan-vicky-kaushal-host-alia-bhatt-ranbir-kapoor-perform-6296111-1.html |access-date=20 March 2019 |work=Firstpost}}</ref><ref name="iifa">{{cite news|last=Roy|first=Priyanka|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-big-bolly-show-241387|title=The Big Bolly Show|work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|date=1 July 2018|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702102355/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-big-bolly-show-241387|archive-date=2 July 2018}}</ref>

In 2016, Aaryan became a member of the All Stars Football Club, which organises football matches for charity.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/kartikaaryanin-all-stars-football-club/article8529466.ece|title=Kartik Aaryan in All Stars Football Club|work=The Hindu|access-date=2 July 2018|date=28 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111164110/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/kartikaaryanin-all-stars-football-club/article8529466.ece|archive-date=11 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He participated with several other celebrities, including [[Ranbir Kapoor]], for a tournament held in New Delhi the following year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Kartik-Aryan-flies-to-New-Delhi-with-Ranbir-Kapoor-for-a-charity-football-match/articleshow/53399448.cms|title=Kartik Aryan flies to New Delhi with Ranbir Kapoor for a charity football match!|date=28 January 2017|work=The Times of India|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517190557/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Kartik-Aryan-flies-to-New-Delhi-with-Ranbir-Kapoor-for-a-charity-football-match/articleshow/53399448.cms|archive-date=17 May 2017}}</ref> Aaryan was scheduled to take part in the club's next tournament, held in Singapore in 2018, but had to back out after dislocating his toe during practice.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/this-is-why-kartik-aaryan-will-have-to-ditch-a-charity-event-involving-arjun-and-ranbir-kapoor/articleshow/63817069.cms|title=This is why Kartik Aaryan will have to ditch a charity event involving Arjun and Ranbir Kapoor|date=18 April 2018|work=The Times of India|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420122845/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/this-is-why-kartik-aaryan-will-have-to-ditch-a-charity-event-involving-arjun-and-ranbir-kapoor/articleshow/63817069.cms|archive-date=20 April 2018}}</ref> In 2018, Aaryan raised awareness on [[plastic pollution]] during [[World Environment Day]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/interview-world-environment-day-kartik-aaryan-i-stopped-using-plastic-bottles-5-years-ago-2622043|title=World Environment Day: Kartik Aaryan, 'I stopped using plastic bottles 5 years ago'|date=5 June 2018|work=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=2 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702150613/http://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/interview-world-environment-day-kartik-aaryan-i-stopped-using-plastic-bottles-5-years-ago-2622043|archive-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The following year, the [[Election Commission of India]] appointed him to raise awareness on voter participation in his home state of Madhya Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news|author=Roy, Dhaval|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-lok-sabha-election-2019-kartik-aaryan-becomes-the-state-icon-of-madhya-pradesh-2738992|title=Lok Sabha Election 2019: Kartik Aaryan becomes the state icon of Madhya Pradesh|date=13 April 2019|work=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=13 April 2019|archive-date=13 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413061142/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-lok-sabha-election-2019-kartik-aaryan-becomes-the-state-icon-of-madhya-pradesh-2738992|url-status=live}}</ref>

Aaryan is one of the highest paid actors in India.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.gqindia.com/content/bhool-bhulaiyaa-3-kartik-aaryan-tripled-his-fee-after-the-success-of-bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-find-out-how-many-crores-he-charged-for-the-third-instalment-of-the-horror-comedy |title= Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3: Kartik Aaryan tripled his fee after the success of Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2. Find out how many Crores he charged for the third instalment of the horror comedy|last= Sonavane| first= Gaurav|date=
28 October 2024 |work=GQ India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-addresses-speculation-that-he-charged-rs-50-cr-for-his-latest-film-i-am-the-only-actor-who-has-received-such-a-price-9929912/lite/|title= Kartik Aaryan addresses speculation that he charged Rs 50 cr for his latest film: 'I am the only actor who has received such a price?'|date=7 April 2025|work=The Indian Express}}</ref> He was placed eighth in ''[[The Times of India]]''{{'}}s listing of the country's most desirable men of 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/vicky-kaushal-is-the-times-most-desirable-man-of-2018/articleshow/69361561.cms|title=Meet India's most desirable dudes|date=17 May 2019|work=The Times of India|access-date=21 December 2019|archive-date=24 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824154131/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/vicky-kaushal-is-the-times-most-desirable-man-of-2018/articleshow/69361561.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> He held the 12th spot in the next two years.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/the-times-most-desirable-man-of-2020-sushant-singh-rajput-philosopher-dreamer-charmer/articleshow/83239123.cms|title=The Times Most Desirable Man of 2020: Sushant Singh Rajput - Philosopher, dreamer, charmer|date=28 February 2022|work=The Times of India|access-date=28 April 2023|archive-date=5 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605002021/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/the-times-most-desirable-man-of-2020-sushant-singh-rajput-philosopher-dreamer-charmer/articleshow/83239123.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, he appeared in ''[[Forbes India]]''{{'s}} [[Forbes Celebrity 100|Celebrity 100]] list, ranking 67th with an estimated annual income of {{INRConvert|103.8|m}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2019-celebrity-100/1819/all |title=2019 Celebrity 100 |work=Forbes India |access-date=20 December 2018 |archive-date=19 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219063445/http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2019-celebrity-100/1819/all |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=19 December 2019|title=Kartik Aaryan Makes His Spot on Forbes India Top 100 Listing 2019|url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/kartik-aaryan-makes-his-spot-on-forbes-india-top-100-listing-2019-and-his-fans-cant-hold-their-excitement-3883339/|access-date=12 November 2020|website=www.india.com|language=en|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112185005/https://www.india.com/entertainment/kartik-aaryan-makes-his-spot-on-forbes-india-top-100-listing-2019-and-his-fans-cant-hold-their-excitement-3883339/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020, ''[[Eastern Eye]]'' featured him in their listing of the dynamic dozen for the decade.<ref>{{cite news|last=Nazir|first=Asjad|url=https://www-easterneye-biz.webpkgcache.com/doc/-/s/www.easterneye.biz/dynamic-dozen-for-the-decade/|title=Dynamic dozen for the decade|newspaper=Eastern Eye|date=9 January 2020|access-date=17 September 2024|archive-date=17 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917073234/https://www-easterneye-biz.webpkgcache.com/doc/-/s/www.easterneye.biz/dynamic-dozen-for-the-decade/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, he ranked 20th in [[Duff & Phelps]]'s listing of the country's most valuable celebrity brands.<ref>{{cite news |title=Virat Kohli remains India's most valuable celebrity with brand value of $237.7 mn |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/virat-kohli-remains-indias-most-valuable-celebrity-with-brand-value-of-237-7-mn/articleshow/80691574.cms?from=mdr |access-date=4 April 2022 |work=The Economic Times |date=4 February 2021 |archive-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404100933/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/virat-kohli-remains-indias-most-valuable-celebrity-with-brand-value-of-237-7-mn/articleshow/80691574.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2022, he was ranked 15th in [[GQ (Indian edition)|GQ India]]'s "30 most influential young Indians" list.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet GQ's 30 Most Influential Young Indians of 2022 |url=https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/meet-gq-30-most-influential-young-indians-of-2022 |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=GQ India |date=29 April 2022 |language=en-IN |archive-date=24 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724110217/https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/meet-gq-30-most-influential-young-indians-of-2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2011
! scope="row" | ''[[Pyaar Ka Punchnama]]''
| Rajat "Rajjo" Mridul
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Pyaar Ka Punchnama Review 3.5/5 {{!}} Pyaar Ka Punchnama Movie Review {{!}} Pyaar Ka Punchnama 2011 Public Review {{!}} Film Review|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=20 May 2011|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/pyaar-ka-punchnama/critic-review/pyaar-ka-punchnama-movie-review/|access-date=15 November 2021|language=en|archive-date=15 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115104927/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/pyaar-ka-punchnama/critic-review/pyaar-ka-punchnama-movie-review/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2013
! scope="row" | ''[[Akaash Vani]]''
| Akaash Kapoor
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 October 2013|title=Critics review AkaashVani favourably – Hindustan Times|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Critics-review-AkaashVani-favourably/Article1-1001613.aspx|url-status=live|access-date=15 November 2021|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010124655/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Critics-review-AkaashVani-favourably/Article1-1001613.aspx|archive-date=10 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
! scope="row" | ''[[Kaanchi: The Unbreakable]]''
| Binda Singh
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Kaanchi- Movie Star Cast {{!}} Release Date {{!}} Movie Trailer {{!}} Review- Bollywood Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=25 April 2014|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kaanchi/cast/|access-date=15 November 2021|language=en|archive-date=15 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115104921/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kaanchi/cast/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
! scope="row" | ''[[Pyaar Ka Punchnama 2]]''
| Anshul "Gogo" Sharma
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 October 2015|title='Pyaar Ka Punchnama 2' review: The film is funnier and slightly less misogynistic than the prequel|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/pyaar-ka-punchnama-2-review-the-film-is-funnier-and-slightly-less-misogynistic-than-2011s-pyaar-ka-punchnama-1152795.html|access-date=15 November 2021|website=News18|language=en|archive-date=15 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115104914/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/pyaar-ka-punchnama-2-review-the-film-is-funnier-and-slightly-less-misogynistic-than-2011s-pyaar-ka-punchnama-1152795.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2016
! scope="row" | ''[[Silvat]]''
| Anwar Khan
|Short film
| <ref>{{Cite news|title=Rajkumar Hirani applauds Kartik Aaryan's short film 'Silvat' – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rajkumar-hirani-applauds-kartik-aaryans-short-film-silvat/articleshow/51066142.cms|access-date=15 November 2021|website=The Times of India|date=27 January 2017 |language=en|archive-date=15 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115104920/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rajkumar-hirani-applauds-kartik-aaryans-short-film-silvat/articleshow/51066142.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
! scope="row" | ''[[Guest iin London]]''
| Aryan Shergill
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Guest Iin London Movie Review: Paresh Rawal And Kartik Aaryan's Film Is Beyond Redemption|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/guest-iin-london-movie-review-paresh-rawal-and-kartik-aaryans-film-is-beyond-redemption-1721744|access-date=15 November 2021|website=NDTV.com|archive-date=15 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115104914/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/guest-iin-london-movie-review-paresh-rawal-and-kartik-aaryans-film-is-beyond-redemption-1721744|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2018
! scope="row" | ''[[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]]''
| Sonu Sharma
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 March 2018|title=Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety box office: Kartik Aaryan and Nushrat Bharucha film crosses the Rs 50 crore mark|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/sonu-ke-titu-ki-sweety-box-office-kartik-aaryan-film-and-nushrat-bharucha-film-5084645/|access-date=15 November 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=14 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014111539/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/box-office-collection/sonu-ke-titu-ki-sweety-box-office-kartik-aaryan-film-and-nushrat-bharucha-film-5084645/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2|2019
! scope="row" | ''[[Luka Chuppi]]''
| Vinod "Guddu" Shukla
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|last2=|last3=|first3=|title=Kriti Sanon, Kartik Aaryan in a romcom based in Mathura|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kriti-sanon-kartik-aaryan-in-a-romcom-based-in-mathura/articleshow/64819970.cms|access-date=15 November 2021|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en|archive-date=23 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723120640/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kriti-sanon-kartik-aaryan-in-a-romcom-based-in-mathura/articleshow/64819970.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Pati Patni Aur Woh (2019 film)|Pati Patni Aur Woh]]''
| Abhinav "Chintu" Tyagi
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|title='Pati Patni Aur Woh': The Katrik Aaryan, Bhumi Pednekar and Ananya Panday starrer to release on December 6 – Movies to look forward to|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/movies-to-look-forward-to/pati-patni-aur-woh-the-katrik-aaryan-bhumi-pednekar-and-ananya-panday-starrer-to-release-on-december-6/photostory/68545618.cms|access-date=15 November 2021|website=The Times of India|archive-date=25 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325083000/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/movies-to-look-forward-to/pati-patni-aur-woh-the-katrik-aaryan-bhumi-pednekar-and-ananya-panday-starrer-to-release-on-december-6/photostory/68545618.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2020
! scope="row" |''[[Love Aaj Kal (2020 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]''
| Veer Taneja / Raghuvendra Singh{{efn|Aaryan played dual roles in the film.|name=dual}}
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kartik Aaryan shares loved up picture with Sara Ali Khan and fans just can't keep calm! {{!}} Hindi Movie News – Bollywood – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/kartik-aaryan-shares-loved-up-picture-with-sara-ali-khan-and-fans-just-cant-keep-calm/videoshow/68503644.cms|access-date=15 November 2021|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en|archive-date=21 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321011043/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/kartik-aaryan-shares-loved-up-picture-with-sara-ali-khan-and-fans-just-cant-keep-calm/videoshow/68503644.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
! scope="row" |''[[Dhamaka (2021 film)|Dhamaka]]''
| Arjun Pathak
|
|<ref>{{cite news|date=21 December 2020|title=Kartik Aaryan stars as Arjun Pathak in the first look of Ram Madhvani's Dhamaka|work=Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kartik-aaryan-stars-as-arjun-pathak-in-the-first-look-of-ram-madhvanis-dhamaka/|access-date=21 December 2020|archive-date=22 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222051035/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/news/features/kartik-aaryan-stars-as-arjun-pathak-in-the-first-look-of-ram-madhvanis-dhamaka/|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-s-dhamaka-completes-filming-after-just-10-days/story-7hCX7Exzy82GgwUeKSKjOL.html|title=Kartik Aaryan sets a new record, wraps Dhamaka in just 10 days|date=25 December 2020|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=26 December 2020|archive-date=25 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225163446/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-s-dhamaka-completes-filming-after-just-10-days/story-7hCX7Exzy82GgwUeKSKjOL.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
! scope="row"|''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]''
| Ruhan "Rooh Baba" Randhawa
|
| <ref>{{cite news |url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-kartik-aaryan-and-kiara-advani-kick-start-shooting-for-the-much-awaited-sequel/articleshow/71500362.cms |title = 'Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3': Kartik Aaryan and Kiara Advani kick-start shooting for the much-awaited sequel |date = 9 October 2019 |work = The Times of India |access-date = 9 October 2019 |archive-date = 10 October 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191010073009/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-kartik-aaryan-and-kiara-advani-kick-start-shooting-for-the-much-awaited-sequel/articleshow/71500362.cms |url-status = live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Freddy (film)|Freddy]]''
| Dr. Freddy Ginwala
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kartik-aaryan-wraps-freddy-shoot-with-a-happy-note/articleshow/86638289.cms|title=Kartik Aaryan and Alaya F wrap 'Freddy' shoot with a happy note|date=30 September 2021|work=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=1 October 2021|archive-date=14 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014111627/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kartik-aaryan-wraps-freddy-shoot-with-a-happy-note/articleshow/86638289.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2023
! scope="row" |''[[Shehzada (2023 film)|Shehzada]]''
| Bantu
| Also producer
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kartik Aaryan, Kriti Sanon-starrer ''Shehzada'' begins production, books Nov 2022 release date|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/kartik-aaryan-kriti-sanonstarrer-shehzada-begins-production-books-nov-2022-release-date/2177512|access-date=15 October 2021|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|language=en|archive-date=16 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016150134/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/kartik-aaryan-kriti-sanonstarrer-shehzada-begins-production-books-nov-2022-release-date/2177512|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Tu Jhoothi Main Makkaar]]''
| Rahul
| Cameo appearance
|<ref>{{cite web|title=This handsome Bollywood actor will make a cameo in Tu Jhoothi Main Makkaar, Ranbir Kapoor's charm will fade?|url=https://www.jagran.com/entertainment/bollywood-tu-jhoothi-main-makkaar-kartik-aaryan-will-appear-in-cameo-in-ranbir-kapoor-and-shraddha-kapoor-film-23344088.html|work=[[Jagran Prakashan]]|date=1 March 2023|access-date=2 March 2023|archive-date=1 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301193157/https://www.jagran.com/lite/entertainment/bollywood-tu-jhoothi-main-makkaar-kartik-aaryan-will-appear-in-cameo-in-ranbir-kapoor-and-shraddha-kapoor-film-23344088.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Satyaprem Ki Katha]]''
| Satyaprem "Sattu" Narayan
|
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Kartik Aaryan and Kiara Advani kick-start the shoot for Satyaprem Ki Katha: 'Love story begins today'|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kartik-aaryan-kiara-advani-kick-start-shoot-satyaprem-ki-katha-love-story-begins-today/|access-date=12 November 2021|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=2 September 2022|language=en|archive-date=3 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903102132/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/kartik-aaryan-kiara-advani-kick-start-shoot-satyaprem-ki-katha-love-story-begins-today/|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=SatyaPrem Ki Katha - Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment |url=https://nadiadwalagrandson.com/movie/satyaprem-ki-katha/ |access-date=2024-08-11 |language=en-US |archive-date=11 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811115052/https://nadiadwalagrandson.com/movie/satyaprem-ki-katha/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
! scope="row"|''[[Chandu Champion]]''
|[[Murlikant Petkar]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kartik Aaryan wraps up Chandu Champion by tasting rasmalai after a year of sugar-free diet|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/kartik-aaryan-wraps-up-chandu-champion-by-tasting-rasmalai-after-a-year-of-sugar-free-diet/cid/1997581|date=1 February 2024|access-date=1 February 2024|work=[[Telegraph India]]|archive-date=1 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201055303/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/kartik-aaryan-wraps-up-chandu-champion-by-tasting-rasmalai-after-a-year-of-sugar-free-diet/cid/1997581|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]]''
| Ruhan "Rooh Baba" Randhawa / Debendranath{{efn|Aaryan played dual roles in the film.|name=dual}}
|
|<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mukherjee|first=Anindita|title=Kartik Aaryan starts 'Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3' shoot, calls it career's 'biggest film'|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kartik-aaryan-starts-bhool-bhulaiyaa-3-shoot-calls-it-his-career-biggest-film-vidya-balan-triptii-dimri-2512603-2024-03-09|date=9 March 2024|access-date=9 March 2024|work=[[India Today]]|archive-date=9 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309060324/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kartik-aaryan-starts-bhool-bhulaiyaa-3-shoot-calls-it-his-career-biggest-film-vidya-balan-triptii-dimri-2512603-2024-03-09|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
! scope="row"| ''[[Tu Meri Main Tera Main Tera Tu Meri]]''
| Rehaan "Ray" Mehra
|
| <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sonali |first=Kriti |date=2 June 2025 |title=Kartik Aaryan, Ananya Panday get cozy in Tu Meri Main Tera Main Tera Tu Meri first look, film gets a release date |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-ananya-panday-heat-things-up-in-tu-meri-main-tera-main-tera-tu-meri-first-look-10043811/ |access-date=30 June 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2026
! scope="row" |''[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge]]''
|A Man Who Is Talking To Hamza in Jail
|Uncredited
|
|-
| {{pending film|Naagzilla}}
| Preyamvadeshwar Pyare Chand
| Post-production
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=1 November 2025 |title=Kartik Aaryan begins shooting for Naagzilla; announces film with a special post marking one year of Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/kartik-aaryan-begins-shooting-naagzilla-announces-film-special-post-marking-one-year-bhool-bhulaiyaa-3/ |access-date=1 November 2025 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
| {{pending film|italic=no|Untitled [[Anurag Basu]]'s film}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| Filming
| <ref name="aashiqui"/>
|-
|2027
| {{pending film|italic=no|Untitled [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]]'s film}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| Filming
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2026 |title=Kabir Khan to roll out his second sports drama with Kartik Aaryan; inspired by kickboxer Tajamul Islam |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/kabir-khan-next-sport-drama-on-kickboxer-tajamul-islam-kartik-aaryan-joins-23621120 |access-date=17 March 2026 |work=[[Mid-Day]]}}</ref>
|-
|2027
| {{pending film|Captain India}}
| TBA
| Pre-production
|
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: margin;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
|2018
! scope="row"| [[19th IIFA Awards]]
| rowspan="2" | Co-host
|
|<ref name="iifa" />
|-
|2019
! scope="row"| [[Zee Cine Awards|2019 Zee Cine Awards]]
|
|<ref name="zee" />
|-
|2022
!scope="row"| ''[[Masaba Masaba]]''
|Dr. K
|Cameo
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=29 July 2022 |title=Kartik Aaryan Gives A Special Guest Appearance In 'Masaba Masaba Season 2' |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/kartik-aaryan-gives-a-special-guest-appearance-in-masaba-masaba-season-2-1545254 |access-date=29 July 2022 |website=[[ABP News]] |language=en |archive-date=29 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729135650/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/kartik-aaryan-gives-a-special-guest-appearance-in-masaba-masaba-season-2-1545254 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2025
! scope="row" | [[25th IIFA Awards]]
|Co-host
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=IIFA 2025: Kartik Aaryan On Hosting After Taking Up The Baton From Shah Rukh Khan: "Too Much Pressure" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/too-much-pressure-kartik-aaryan-on-hosting-iifa-after-srk-7886090 |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: margin;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Singer
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
|"Muskurayega India"
|Himself
|[[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Inspirational Hindi Song 'Muskurayega India' Ft. Akshay Kumar, Kartik Aaryan, Tiger Shroff, Ayushmann Khurrana, Kriti Sanon, Bhumi Pednekar, Raj Kumar Rao, Vicky Kaushal, and more {{!}} Hindi Video Songs – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/inspirational-hindi-song-muskurayega-india-ft-akshay-kumar-kartik-aaryan-tiger-shroff-ayushmann-khurrana-kriti-sanon-bhumi-pednekar-raj-kumar-rao-vicky-kaushal-and-more/videoshow/75025219.cms|access-date=11 August 2021|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en|archive-date=29 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129092603/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/inspirational-hindi-song-muskurayega-india-ft-akshay-kumar-kartik-aaryan-tiger-shroff-ayushmann-khurrana-kriti-sanon-bhumi-pednekar-raj-kumar-rao-vicky-kaushal-and-more/videoshow/75025219.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|"Nachunga Aise"
|Arya
|[[Millind Gaba]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|last2=|first2=|last3=|first3=|title=Kartik Aaryan turns into his digital avatar for Milind Gaba's new song Nachunga Aise|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/kartik-aaryan-turns-into-his-digital-avatar-for-milind-gaba-s-new-song-nachunga-aise-1752768-2020-12-24|access-date=|website=India Today|date=24 December 2020|language=en|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621174111/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/kartik-aaryan-turns-into-his-digital-avatar-for-milind-gaba-s-new-song-nachunga-aise-1752768-2020-12-24|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{{see also|List of awards and nominations received by Kartik Aaryan}}
Aaryan has received two [[Filmfare Awards|Filmfare]] nominations – [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]] for ''Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2'' (2023) and ''Chandu Champion'' (2025) and two [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA]] nominations – for ''Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2'' (2023) and ''Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3'' (2025) winning the latermost.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kartik Aaryan Calls His Journey 'Full Of Thorns' As He Wins Award For Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3: 'Bohot Sawaal Uthe…' |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kartik-aaryan-calls-his-journey-full-of-thorns-as-he-wins-award-for-bhool-bhulaiyaa-3-bohot-sawaal-uthe-9256259.html |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist | {{efn |name=A |He began using the last name Aaryan in 2013.<ref name="indiatoday15" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/kartik-tiwari-changes-his-name-to-kartik-aryan/223157|title=Kartik Tiwari Changes His Name To Kartik Aryan|date=19 July 2013|work=[[Mid-Day]]|access-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911133419/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/kartik-tiwari-changes-his-name-to-kartik-aryan/223157|archive-date=11 September 2014}}</ref>}}
}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Instagram}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|kartik-aaryan}}

{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search = Category:Kartik Aaryan
|d = yes
|d-search = Q6373552
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 = Bollywood
|portal3 = Films
}}

{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Kartik Aaryan
|list=
{{Filmfare Award for Best Actor}}
{{ZeeCineAwardBestActorMale}}
{{Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role}}
{{IIFA Award for Best Actor}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aaryan, Kartik}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:People from Gwalior]]
[[Category:Indian male models]]
[[Category:Indian male dancers]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]

Nike, Inc.

2026-03-25T12:21:56Z

Rkrakeshboro: typo fix

{{Short description|American athletic equipment company}}
{{Redirect|NIKE|other uses|Nike (disambiguation){{!}}Nike}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Nike, Inc.
| logo = Logo NIKE.svg
| logo_caption = [[Swoosh]] logo since 1971
| image = Nike Campus, Beaverton - DPLA - ffa63f1bbaf5cd21aeada3d3978db2b0.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| image_caption = [[Nike World Headquarters|Headquarters]] near [[Beaverton, Oregon]], US
| former_name = Blue Ribbon Sports, Inc. (1964–1971)
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{unbulleted list|class=nowrap|{{NYSE|NKE}} (Class B)|[[DJIA]] component|[[S&P 100]] component|[[S&P 500]] component}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|US6541061031}}
| founders = {{unbulleted list|class=nowrap|[[Bill Bowerman]]|[[Phil Knight]]}}
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{unbulleted list|class=nowrap|Philip Knight ([[Chairperson|chairman]] emeritus)|[[Mark Parker]] (executive chairman)|[[Elliott Hill]] ([[President (corporate title)|president]] and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/business/retail/elliott-hill-loved-nike-and-left-it-now-hes-back-as-ceo-d528cc59 |title=Elliott Hill Loved Nike and Left It. Now He's Back as CEO |last=Pacheco |first=Inti |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=September 22, 2024 |access-date=October 5, 2024 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>|[[John Hoke III]] ([[chief innovation officer]])}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kish |first=Matthew |date=2023-11-15 |title=Nike shuffles top executives, names new heads of innovation, design, marketing and technology |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/business/2023/11/nike-shuffles-top-executives-names-new-heads-of-innovation-design-marketing-and-technology.html |access-date=2024-03-01 |work=The Oregonian}}</ref>
| industry = {{unbulleted list|class=nowrap|[[Clothing industry|Apparel]]|[[Fashion accessory|Accessories]]|[[Sports equipment]]}}
| products = {{hlist|[[Athletic shoes]]|[[Sportswear|athletic apparel]]|[[sporting goods]]|[[fashion accessories|accessories]]}}
| revenue = {{nowrap|{{decrease}} {{US$|46.3 [[1,000,000,000|billion]]|link=yes}} (2025)}}
| operating_income = {{nowrap|{{decrease}} US$3.70 billion (2025)}}
| net_income = {{nowrap|{{decrease}} US$3.22 billion (2025)}}
| assets = {{nowrap|{{decrease}} US$36.6 billion (2025)}}
| equity = {{nowrap|{{decrease}} US$13.2 billion (2025)}}
| num_employees = 77,800 (2025)
| founded = {{start date and age|1964|1|25}}
| location = [[Nike World Headquarters]], [[Washington County, Oregon]], US
| subsid = [[Converse (brand)|Converse]]
| website = {{URL|nike.com}}
| footnotes = <ref name=10K2025>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000320187/000032018725000047/nke-20250531.htm |title=US SEC: 2025 Form 10-K NIKE, Inc. |publisher=[[US Securities and Exchange Commission]] |date=July 17, 2025}}</ref>
}}

'''Nike, Inc.'''{{efn|The pronunciations of "Nike" include {{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-nike.ogg||ˈ|n|aɪ|k|i}} {{respell|NY|kee}} officially and in the US, as well as {{IPAc-en|n|aɪ|k}} {{respell|NYKE}} in the UK.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/nike-pronounced-nikey-confirms-guy-who-ought-know-9470111.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220621/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/nike-pronounced-nikey-confirms-guy-who-ought-know-9470111.html |archive-date=June 21, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title= Nike is pronounced Nikey, confirms guy who ought to know|first=Christopher |last=Hooton| work=The Independent |date=June 2, 2014 |access-date =July 20, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 3, 2014 |title=It's official: Nike rhymes with spiky – and you're saying all these wrong too |last=Jefferies |first=Stuart |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/shortcuts/2014/jun/03/nike-how-to-pronounce-correctly-brand-names-audi-adidas-porsche-yvessaintlaurent |access-date=January 13, 2023 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref>}} is an American athletic footwear and apparel corporation headquartered near [[Beaverton, Oregon]].<ref name="Nike HQ">{{Cite web |title=Contact Nike, Inc. |url=https://about.nike.com/pages/contact-us |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630040741/https://about.nike.com/pages/contact-us |archive-date=June 30, 2021 |access-date=June 29, 2021 |website=Nike, Inc.}}</ref> It is the world's largest supplier of [[Sneakers|athletic shoe]]s and apparel and a major manufacturer of [[sports equipment]], with revenue in excess of US$46 billion in its fiscal year 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike annual revenue worldwide 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/241683/nikes-sales-worldwide-since-2004/ |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/nike-idUSN2526447020080625|title=Nike profit up but shares tumble on U.S. concerns|last=Sage|first=Alexandria|date=June 26, 2008|work=Reuters |access-date=July 10, 2008}}</ref>

The company was founded on January 25, 1964, as "Blue Ribbon Sports", by [[Bill Bowerman]] and [[Phil Knight]], and officially became Nike, Inc. on May 30, 1971. The company takes its name from [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]], the Greek goddess of victory.<ref>{{Cite web| last = Levinson| first = Philip| title = How Nike almost ended up with a very different name| work = Business Insider| access-date = June 7, 2017| url = http://www.businessinsider.com/how-nike-got-its-name-2016-1}}</ref> Nike markets its products under its own brand, as well as Nike Golf, Nike Pro, [[Nike+]], [[Nike Blazers]], [[Air Force 1 (shoe)|Air Force 1]], [[Nike Dunk]], [[Air Max]], Foamposite, [[Nike Skateboarding]] and Nike CR7.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nike.com/gb/w?q=Cristiano%20Ronaldo&vst=Cristiano%20Ronaldo |title=Nike CR7 |publisher=Nike, Inc.}}</ref> The company also sells products under its [[Air Jordan]] brand and its [[Converse (brand)|Converse]] subsidiary. Nike also owned Bauer Hockey from 1995 to 2008, and previously owned [[Cole Haan]], [[Umbro]], and [[Hurley International]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Nike sells Bauer Hockey for $200 Million | date = February 21, 2008 | publisher=[[The Sports Network]] | url = https://www.tsn.ca/nhl/news_story/?ID=230199&hubname=nhl | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080225100443/http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/news_story/?ID=230199&hubname=nhl | archive-date = February 25, 2008 | access-date = June 2, 2008 }}</ref> In addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment, the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name. Nike sponsors many high-profile athletes and sports teams around the world, with the highly recognized trademarks of "[[Just Do It]]" and the [[Swoosh]] logo.

{{asof|2024|post=,}} it employed 83,700 people worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nike (NKE) |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/nike/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> In 2020, the brand alone was valued in excess of $32 billion, making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses.<ref>{{cite news |title=Most Valuable Apparel Brand? Nike Just Does It Again |agency=Brand Finance |url=https://brandfinance.com/press-releases/most-valuable-apparel-brand-nike-just-does-it-again/ |access-date=September 12, 2020}}</ref> Previously, in 2017, the Nike brand was valued at $29.6 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The World's Most Valuable Brands 2017: 16. Nike |url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/591c87fc31358e03e5593101/16-nike/ |access-date=September 27, 2017 |website=Forbes}}</ref> Nike ranked [[List of largest companies in the United States by revenue|89th]] in the 2018 [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]] list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortune 500 Companies 2018: Who Made the List |url=http://fortune.com/fortune500/list/ |access-date=November 10, 2018 |website=Fortune |language=en-US |archive-date=November 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110190356/http://fortune.com/fortune500/list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The company ranked 239th in the Forbes Global 2000 companies in 2024.

{{TOC limit|3}}

==History==
{{see also|Nike timeline}}
[[File:Knight and Bowerman.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Bill Bowerman]] (left) conversing with [[Phil Knight]] (second from left) and two other members of the Oregon track team, 1958.]]

Nike, originally known as Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS), was founded by [[University of Oregon]] track athlete [[Phil Knight]] and his coach, [[Bill Bowerman]], on January 25, 1964.<ref name="O'Reilly-2014">{{Cite web|last=O'Reilly|first=Lara|date=November 4, 2014|title=11 Things Hardly Anyone Knows About Nike|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-nike-facts-about-its-50th-anniversary-2014-11|access-date=January 26, 2020|website=Business Insider}}</ref> The company initially operated in [[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]], [[Oregon]] as a distributor for Japanese shoemaker [[Onitsuka Tiger]], making most sales at track meets out of Knight's automobile.<ref name="O'Reilly-2014" />

According to [[Otis Davis]], a [[University of Oregon]] student-athlete coached by Bowerman and [[List of multiple Olympic gold medalists|Olympic gold medalist]] at the [[1960 Summer Olympics]], his coach made the first pair of Nike shoes for him, contradicting a claim that they were made for Phil Knight. According to Davis, "I told [[Tom Brokaw]] that I was the first. I don't care what all the billionaires say. Bill Bowerman made the first pair of shoes for me. People don't believe me. In fact, I didn't like the way they felt on my feet. There was no support and they were too tight. But I saw Bowerman made them from the [[waffle iron]], and they were mine".<ref name=HudReporter2006>{{cite web|author=Hague, Jim|author-link=Jim Hague|title=Truant officer was Olympic hero Emerson High has gold medalist in midst|newspaper=The Hudson Reporter|date=May 14, 2006 |url=http://hudsonreporter.com/view/full_stories_home/2408547/article-Truant-officer-was-Olympic-hero-Emerson-High-has-gold-medallist-in-midst?|access-date=March 18, 2012|archive-date=May 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504210729/http://hudsonreporter.com/view/full_stories_home/2408547/article-Truant-officer-was-Olympic-hero-Emerson-High-has-gold-medallist-in-midst|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In its first year in business, BRS sold 1,300 pairs of Japanese running shoes, grossing $8,000.<ref>{{Cite book|title=International directory of company histories. Vol. 5.|date=1992|publisher=St. James Press |author1=Adele Hast |author2=Thomson Gale|isbn=978-1-55862-646-1|location=Detroit, MI|pages=372 |oclc=769042318}}</ref> By 1965, sales had reached $20,000. In 1966, BRS opened its first retail store at 3107 Pico Boulevard in [[Santa Monica, California]]. In 1967, due to increasing sales, BRS expanded retail and distribution operations on the East Coast, in [[Wellesley, Massachusetts]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/nike-inc-history/|title=History of NIKE, Inc. |website=FundingUniverse}}</ref>

In 1971, Bowerman used his wife's waffle iron to experiment on rubber to create a new sole for track shoes that would grip but be lightweight and increase the runner's speed. Oregon's [[Hayward Field]] was transitioning to an artificial surface, and Bowerman wanted a sole which could grip to grass or bark dust without the use of spikes. Bowerman was talking to his wife about this puzzle over breakfast, when the waffle iron idea came into play.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peterson |first=Hayley |title=The bizarre inspiration behind Nike's first pair of running shoes |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/nikes-first-running-shoes-were-made-in-a-waffle-iron-2015-7 |access-date=26 April 2018 |website=Business Insider}}</ref>

Bowerman's design led to the introduction of the "Moon Shoe" in 1972, so named because the waffle tread was said to resemble the [[footprint]]s left by astronauts on the Moon. Further refinement resulted in the "Waffle Trainer" in 1974, which helped fuel the explosive growth of Blue Ribbon Sports/Nike.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Holt |first1=Douglas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j_xkhcbKJx4C&pg=PT41 |title=Cultural Strategy: Using Innovative Ideologies to Build Breakthrough Brands |last2=Cameron |first2=Douglas |date=1 November 2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-958740-7 |pages=41– |access-date=1 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Scheerder |first=Jeroen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5CX8usTKzAMC&pg=PA75 |title=Vlaanderen loopt! Sociaal-wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar de loopsportmarkt |publisher=Academia Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-90-382-1484-9 |pages=75– |access-date=1 November 2011}}</ref>

Tension between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger increased in 1971 as the latter attempted a takeover of BRS by extending an ultimatum proposal that would give the Japanese company 51 percent of BRS.<ref name="Gereffi-1993">{{Cite book |last1=Gereffi |first1=Gary |title=Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism |last2=Korzeniewicz |first2=Miguel |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=1993 |isbn=0-275-94573-1 |location=Westport, CT |pages=253 |language=en}}</ref> In 1972, the relationship between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger came to an end.<ref name="Gereffi-1993" /> BRS prepared to launch its own line of footwear. The previous year, it was already able to place from two Japanese shoe manufacturers the company's first independent order for 20,000, which included 6,000 that had the Nike logo.<ref name="Gereffi-1993" /> Runner Jeff Johnson was brought in to help market the new brand and was credited for coining the name “Nike”.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Houze |first=Rebecca |title=New Mythologies in Design and Culture: Reading Signs and Symbols in the Visual Landscape |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-4725-1849-1 |location=London |language=en}}</ref> It would bear the [[Swoosh]] newly designed by [[Carolyn Davidson (graphic designer)|Carolyn Davidson]].<ref>{{cite news |work=The Independent |date=January 4, 2008 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/logos-that-became-legends-icons-from-the-world-of-advertising-768077.html| title=Logos that became legends: Icons from the world of advertising |access-date=February 11, 2010}}</ref><ref name="thestreet.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestreet.com/lifestyle/history-of-nike-15057083|title=History of Nike: Timeline and Facts|last=Meyer|first=Jack|date=August 14, 2019|website=[[TheStreet.com]]|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> The Swoosh was first used by Nike on June 18, 1971,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hunt |first=Joshua |title=University of Nike: How Corporate Cash Bought American Higher Education |publisher=Melville House |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-61219-691-6 |pages=22 |location=Brooklyn, NY}}</ref> and was registered with the [[US Patent and Trademark Office]] on January 22, 1974.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Cait |title=A History of American Sports in 100 Objects |publisher=Basic Books |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-465-09775-3 |location=New York |pages=1973}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=TSDR |url=http://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=72414177&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=statusSearch |title= Registration Number 72414177|publisher=US Patent & Trademark Office|access-date=May 18, 2014}}</ref>

In 1976, the company hired John Brown and Partners, based in Seattle, as its first [[advertising agency]].<ref name="Adage-2003">{{Cite web|url=https://adage.com/article/adage-encyclopedia/nike/98797|title=Nike Inc.|date=September 15, 2003|website=adage.com|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> The following year, the agency created the first "brand ad" for Nike, called "There is no finish line", in which no Nike product was shown.<ref name="Adage-2003" /> By 1980, Nike had attained a 50% market share in the US athletic shoe market, and the company went public in December of that year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/economics-business-and-labor/businesses-and-occupations/nike-inc|title=Nike Inc|website=Encyclopedia.com|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref>

[[Wieden+Kennedy]], Nike's primary ad agency, has worked with Nike to create many print and television advertisements, and Wieden+Kennedy remains Nike's primary ad agency.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cole |first1=C. L. |title=Therapeutic Publicity |journal=Journal of Sport and Social Issues |date=February 2002 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=3–5 |doi=10.1177/0193723502261001|s2cid=220320153 | issn = 0193-7235 }}</ref> It was agency co-founder [[Dan Wieden]] who coined the now-famous slogan "[[Just Do It]]" for a 1988 Nike ad campaign,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/09/04/from-lets-do-it-to-just-do-it-how-nike-adapted-gary-gilmores-last-words-before-execution/|title='Just Do It': The surprising and morbid origin story of Nike's slogan|last=Bella|first=Timothy|date=September 4, 2018|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> which was chosen by ''Advertising Age'' as one of the top five ad slogans of the 20th century and enshrined in the [[Smithsonian Institution]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adage.com/article/special-report-the-advertising-century/ad-age-advertising-century-top-10-slogans/140156|title=Ad Age Advertising Century: Top 10 Slogans|date=March 29, 1999|website=adage.com |access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> [[Walt Stack]] was featured in Nike's first "Just Do It" advertisement, which debuted on July 1, 1988.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nike's 'Just Do It' slogan celebrates 20 years |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2008/07/nikes_just_do_it_slogan_celebr.html |publisher=OregonLive.com |access-date=March 4, 2010 |date=July 18, 2008}}</ref> Wieden credits the inspiration for the slogan to "Let's do it", the last words spoken by [[Gary Gilmore]] before he was executed.<ref name=NYT>{{cite news |last1=Peters |first1=Jeremy W. |title=The Birth of 'Just Do It' and Other Magic Words |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/20/business/media/20adco.html |work=The New York Times |date=20 August 2009 }}</ref>

Nike manufactured its first uniforms for a professional sports team in 1979, when its jersey for the [[Portland Timbers (1975–1982)|Portland Timbers]] of the [[North American Soccer League (1968–1984)|North American Soccer League]] debuted.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bachman |first=Rachel |date=April 13, 2011 |title=The Bachscore: Portland Timbers history and the original 'Nike' uniforms |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/timbers/2011/04/the_bachscore_portland_timbers.html |work=[[The Oregonian]] |accessdate=May 1, 2024}}</ref> Throughout the 1980s, Nike expanded its product line to encompass many sports and regions throughout the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newitts.com/blog/history-of-nike?country=/|title=History of Nike |website=www.newitts.com|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> In 1990, Nike moved into its eight-building [[Nike World Headquarters|World Headquarters]] campus in Beaverton, Oregon.<ref>{{cite web |title=As Nike looks to expand, it already has a 22-building empire |date=February 2, 2013 |newspaper=[[The Oregonian]] |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/playbooks-profits/index.ssf/2013/02/as_nike_looks_to_expand_it_alr.html |first=Allan |last=Brettman| access-date=February 6, 2013| quote=The first phase of the Nike World Headquarters campus opened in 1990 and included eight buildings. Now, there are 22 buildings.}}</ref> The first Nike retail store, dubbed Niketown, opened in [[Downtown Portland, Oregon|downtown Portland]] in November of that year.<ref>{{cite news|last=Brettman|first=Allan|title=NikeTown Portland to close forever [at its original location] on Friday|newspaper=[[The Oregonian]]|date=October 27, 2011 |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/playbooks-profits/index.ssf/2011/10/niketown_portland_to_close_for.html|access-date=December 23, 2016}}</ref>

Phil Knight announced in mid-2015 that he would step down as chairman of Nike in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fashionunited.uk/news/people/nike-chairman-phil-knight-to-step-down-in-2016/2015070116905 |first=Danielle|last=Wightman-Stone|date=July 1, 2015|access-date=July 1, 2015|work=[[FashionUnited]] |title=Nike chairman Phil Knight to step down in 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bain|first=Marc |url=https://qz.com/442042/more-than-anyone-else-it-was-phil-knight-who-built-nike-from-scratch-into-the-worlds-biggest-sports-brand/|title=How Phil Knight turned the Nike brand into a global powerhouse |date=June 30, 2015 |website=Quartz|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> He officially stepped down from all duties with the company on June 30, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|first=Kate|last=Vinton |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katevinton/2016/06/30/nike-cofounder-and-chairman-phil-knight-officially-retires-from-the-board/|date=June 30, 2016|access-date=February 17, 2018|work=[[FashionUnited]]|title=Nike Cofounder And Chairman Phil Knight Officially Retires From The Board}}</ref>

In a company public announcement on March 15, 2018, Nike CEO [[Mark Parker]] said Trevor Edwards, a top Nike executive who was seen as a potential successor to the chief executive, was relinquishing his position as Nike's brand president and would retire in August.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hsu |first1=Tiffany |title=Nike Executive Resigns; C.E.O. Addresses Workplace Behavior Complaints |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/15/business/nike-executive-workplace-misconduct.html |work=The New York Times |date=16 March 2018 }}</ref>

In October 2019, [[John Donahoe]] was announced as the next CEO, and succeeded Parker on January 13, 2020.<ref name="Bloomberg LP">{{cite news |last1=Turner |first1=Nick |title=Nike Taps EBay Veteran John Donahoe to Succeed Parker as CEO |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-22/nike-names-ebay-veteran-john-donahoe-to-succeed-parker-as-ceo |access-date=October 22, 2019 |work=Bloomberg LP |date=October 22, 2019}}</ref> In November 2019, the company stopped selling directly through [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], focusing more on direct relationships with customers.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hanbury|first=Mary|date=November 13, 2019|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/nike-stops-selling-amazon-2019-11|title=Nike confirms that it is no longer selling its products on Amazon|website=Business Insider|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref>

===Acquisitions===
[[File:Nike Flagship - NYC (48155560636).jpg|thumb|180px|A Nike flagship store in [[Manhattan]]]]

Nike has acquired and sold several apparel and footwear companies over the course of its history. Its first acquisition was the upscale footwear company [[Cole Haan]] in 1988,<ref name=colehaanacquired>{{cite news |title=COMPANY NEWS; Cole-Haan to Nike For $80 Million |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/26/business/company-news-cole-haan-to-nike-for-80-million.html |work=The New York Times |date=26 April 1988 }}</ref> followed by the purchase of [[Bauer Hockey]] in 1994.<ref name="bauerdivestment" /> In 2002, Nike bought surf apparel company [[Hurley International]] from founder Bob Hurley.<ref name=hurleyacquired>{{cite news|last=Connelly|first=Laylan |title=Bob Hurley: Success built on everyone's inner surfer|url=http://www.ocregister.com/articles/hurley-408856-company-surf.html|access-date=February 13, 2013|newspaper=Orange County Register|date=January 22, 2013}}</ref> In 2003, Nike paid US$309 million to acquire sneaker company [[Converse (brand)|Converse]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Joshua |last=Partlow |title=Nike Drafts An All Star |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=July 2003 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A9001-2003Jul17?language=printer |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110629060107/http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A9001-2003Jul17?language=printer |url-status=dead |archive-date =June 29, 2011 |access-date=June 2, 2008}}</ref> The company acquired [[Starter (clothing line)|Starter]] in 2004<ref name=starteracq>{{cite news|title=Nike unloads Starter for $60M |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/stories/2007/11/12/daily22.html|access-date=February 13, 2013|newspaper=Portland Business Journal|date=November 15, 2007}}</ref> and soccer uniform maker [[Umbro]] in 2007.<ref name=umbroacqanddivest>{{cite news|last=Townsend|first=Matt |title=Iconix Brand Buys Nike's Umbro Soccer Unit for $225 Million |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-10-24/iconix-brand-buys-nike-s-umbro-soccer-unit-for-225-million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025132518/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-10-24/iconix-brand-buys-nike-s-umbro-soccer-unit-for-225-million |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 25, 2012 |access-date=February 13, 2013|newspaper=BloombergBusinessweek|date=October 24, 2012}}</ref>

In order to refocus its business lines, Nike began divesting itself of some of its subsidiaries in the 2000s.<ref name=chaan>{{cite news|last=Dezember|first=Ryan|title=After Umbro, Nike Turns to Cole Haan Sale |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203897404578076360671279662|access-date=February 12, 2013 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=October 24, 2012}}</ref> It sold Starter in 2007<ref name=starteracq /> and Bauer Hockey in 2008.<ref name=bauerdivestment>{{cite news |last1=Austen |first1=Ian |title=Hockey Fan, and Investor, Buys Bauer From Nike |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/22/business/22nike.html |work=The New York Times |date=22 February 2008 }}</ref> The company sold Umbro in 2012<ref name=umbrodivestment>{{cite news|last=Stevens |first=Suzanne|title=Nike completes Umbro sale to Iconix|newspaper=Portland Business Journal |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/blog/threads_and_laces/2012/12/nike-completes-umbro-sale-to-iconix.html|access-date=February 13, 2013|date=December 3, 2012}}</ref> and Cole Haan in 2013.<ref name=colehaandivestment>{{cite news|title=Nike completes Cole Haan sale|newspaper=Portland Business Journal |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/blog/threads_and_laces/2013/02/nike-completes-cole-haan-sale.html |access-date=February 13, 2013|date=February 4, 2013}}</ref> As of 2020, Nike owns only one subsidiary: [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse Inc.]]{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

Nike acquired Zodiac, a consumer data analytics company, in March 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's purchase of analytics firm Zodiac highlights focus on customer lifetime value |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/nikes-purchase-of-analytics-firm-zodiac-highlights-focus-on-customer-lifetime-value/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=ZDNet |language=en}}</ref> In August 2019, the company acquired Celect, a Boston-based predictive analytics company.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Lauren |date=2019-08-06 |title=Nike acquires A.I. platform Celect, hoping to better predict shopping behavior |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/06/nike-acquires-ai-platform-celect-hoping-to-predict-shopping-behavior.html |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> In December 2021, Nike purchased RTFKT Studios, a virtual shoe company that makes NFTs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lawler |first=Richard |date=2021-12-13 |title=Nike just bought a virtual shoe company that makes NFTs and sneakers 'for the metaverse' |url=https://www.theverge.com/22833369/nike-rtfkt-nft-sneaker-shoe-metaverse-company |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>

In February 2021, Nike acquired Datalogue, a New York-based company focused on digital sales and machine learning technology.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kish|first=Matthew|date=February 8, 2021|title=Nike acquires Datalogue as part of continued digital shift|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/portland/news/2021/02/08/nike-acquires-datalogue.html|access-date=February 8, 2021|website=Portland Business Journal}}</ref>

===Finance===
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+Nike sales by region (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Nike, Inc.: Shareholders Board Members Managers and Company Profile {{!}} US6541061031 {{!}} MarketScreener |url=https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/NIKE-INC-13739/company/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=www.marketscreener.com |language=en}}</ref>
!Region
!share
|-
|North America
|42.2%
|-
|Europe, Middle East and Africa
|26.2%
|-
|Greater China
|14.2%
|-
|Asia Pacific & Latin America
|12.6%
|-
|Global
|4.9%
|-
|Corporate
|0.1%
|}
Nike was made a member of the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] in 2013, when it replaced [[Alcoa]].<ref name="Barron's">{{cite web|last1=Goldwyn Blumenthal|first1=Robin|title=Alcoa's CEO Is Remaking the Industrial Giant|url=http://www.barrons.com/articles/alcoas-ceo-is-remaking-the-industrial-giant-1437806016|website=Barron's|access-date=September 13, 2015}}</ref>

On December 19, 2013, Nike's quarterly profit rose due to a 13 percent increase in global orders for merchandise since April of that year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-12-19 |title=Nike profit rises, futures orders up 13 percent |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/nike-results-idUSL2N0JX2BG20131219 |access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> Future orders of shoes or clothes for delivery between December and April, rose to $10.4 billion. Nike shares (NKE) rose 0.6 percent to $78.75 in extended trading.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/nike-fiscal-2nd-quarter-profit-40-percent-21280853 |title=Nike Fiscal 2nd-Quarter Profit Jumps 40 Percent|website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|date=December 19, 2013}}</ref>

In November 2015, Nike announced it would initiate a $12 billion share buyback, as well as a two-for-one stock split, with shares to begin trading at the decreased price on December 24.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2015/11/20/what-nikes-two-for-one-stock-split-means-for-the-dow/|title=What Nike's Two-For-One Stock Split Means for the Dow|last=Scholer|first=Kristen|date=November 20, 2015|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=December 1, 2015}}</ref> The split will be the seventh in company history.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

In June 2018, Nike announced it would initiate a $15 billion share buyback over four years, to begin in 2019 upon completion of the previous buyback program.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/nike-earnings-q4-2018-2018-6-1027328545|title=Nike surges after beating on earnings and announcing $15 billion in buybacks (NKE) {{!}} Markets Insider|work=markets.businessinsider.com|access-date=September 27, 2018|archive-date=July 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708072246/https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/nike-earnings-q4-2018-2018-6-1027328545|url-status=dead}}</ref>

For the fiscal year 2018, Nike reported earnings of US$1.933 billion, with annual revenue of US$36.397 billion, an increase of 6.0% over the previous fiscal cycle. Nike's shares traded at over $72 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$114.5 billion in October 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/NKE/nike/revenue|title=NIKE Revenue 2006–2018 {{!}} NKE|website=www.macrotrends.net|access-date=October 30, 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+Sales by product (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Product
!share
|-
|Footwear
|64.7%
|-
|Apparel
|27.0%
|-
|Converse
|4.7%
|-
|Equipment
|3.4%
|-
|Global Brand
|0.1%
|-
|Corporate
|0.1%
|}

In February 2020, the company said that roughly 75% of Nike stores in Greater China had closed due to the COVID-19 outbreak. In March 2020, Nike reported a 5% drop in Chinese sales associated with stores' closure.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Lauren |date=2020-03-24 |title=Nike sales beat analysts' estimates, but earnings fall, hurt by coronavirus pandemic |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/24/nike-nke-reports-q3-fiscal-2020-earnings.html |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> It was the first decrease in six years. At the same time, the company's online sales grew by 36% during Q1 of 2020. Also, the sales of personal training apps grew by 80% in China.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Harper|first=Justin|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52029744|title=Nike turns to digital sales during China shutdown|date=March 25, 2020|work=BBC News|access-date=March 25, 2020}}</ref>

In June 2025, Nike warned that President Trump’s new tariffs on key trading partners could add around $1 billion to its costs this year, causing the company to shift some production out of China to reduce its exposure. Despite weaker quarterly revenue, Nike’s shares rose over 10% after a better-than-expected earnings forecast, while the US and China also reached a deal to ease trade tensions.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nike pledges to cut reliance on Chinese factories |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8d6gpnmvq6o}}</ref>

The key trends of Nike are (as at the financial year ending May 31):<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike Fundamentals 2009-2016 |url=https://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/Nike-Aktie/US6541061031#guv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612011838/https://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/Nike-Aktie/US6541061031#guv |archive-date=2017-06-12 |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=www.boerse.de |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Nike Fundamentals 2017-2023 |url=https://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/Nike-Aktie/US6541061031#guv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423164702/https://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/Nike-Aktie/US6541061031#guv |archive-date=2024-04-23 |access-date=2025-07-26 |work=boerse.de |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike Fundamentalanalyse {{!}} KGV {{!}} Kennzahlen |url=https://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/Nike-Aktie/US6541061031 |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=boerse.de |language=de}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: center;"
![[Financial year|FY]]
!Revenue in billion USD
!Net income in billion USD
!Total assets in billion USD
!Employees
|-
|2005
|13.7
|1.2
|8.7
|26,000
|-
|2006
|14.9
|1.3
|9.8
|28,000
|-
|2007
|16.3
|1.4
|10.6
|30,200
|-
|2008
|18.6
|1.8
|12.4
|32,500
|-
|2009
|19.1
| 1.4
|13.2
|34,300
|-
|2010
|19.0
| 1.9
|14.4
|34,400
|-
|2011
|20.1
|2.1
|14.9
|38,000
|-
|2012
|23.3
|2.2
|15.4
|44,000
|-
|2013
|25.3
|2.4
|17.5
|48,000
|-
|2014
|27.7
|2.6
|18.5
|56,500
|-
|2015
|30.6
| 3.2
|21.5
|62,600
|-
|2016
|32.3
|3.7
|21.3
|70,700
|-
|2017
|34.3
|4.2
|23.2
|74,400
|-
|2018
|36.3
|1.9
|22.5
|73,100
|-
|2019
|39.1
|4.0
|23.7
|76,700
|-
|2020
|37.4
|2.5
|31.3
|75,400
|-
|2021
|44.5
|5.7
|37.7
|73,300
|-
|2022
|46.7
|6.0
|40.3
|79,100
|-
|2023
|51.2
|5.0
|37.5
|83,700
|-
|2024
|51.3
|5.7
|38.1
|79,400
|-
|2025
|46.3
|3.2
|36.5
|77,800
|}

===Logo evolution===
{{see also|Swoosh}}
{{Gallery
| title =
| align = center
| footer =
| height = 120
| width = 150
| captionstyle =
|File:Blue ribbon sports logo.png|1964–71
|File:Nike swoosh logo71.png|1971–78{{refn|This logo is still used on some throwback apparel.|group=note2}}
|File:Old Nike logo.jpg|1978–95 (primary){{refn|This logo is still used as a secondary logo, notably on casual wear apparel.|group=note2}}
|File:Logo_NIKE.svg|1995–present
}}

;Notes
{{reflist|group=note2}}

==Products==
Nike produces a wide range of sports equipment and apparel.

===Sports apparel===
[[File:Nike mercurial astroturf cropped.jpg|thumb|Mercurial [[astro turf]] shoes]]
[[File:Nike astro turf trainers, black and blue.jpg|thumb|Nike astro turf shoes]]
Nike's first apparel products were track running shoes. [[Nike Air Max]] is a line of shoes first released by Nike, Inc. in 1987. Additional product lines were introduced later, such as Air Huarache, which debuted in 1992. The most recent additions to their line are the Nike 6.0, Nike NYX, and [[Nike SB]] shoes, designed for skateboarding. Nike has recently introduced cricket shoes called Air Zoom Yorker, designed to be 30% lighter than their competitors'.<ref>{{cite web | title = Nike launches cricket shoe Air Zoom Yorker | publisher = The Hindu Business Line | date = September 2, 2006 | url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2006/09/02/stories/2006090203260500.htm | access-date = June 2, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110811035656/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2006/09/02/stories/2006090203260500.htm | archive-date = August 11, 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2008, Nike introduced the Air Jordan XX3, a high-performance basketball shoe designed with the environment in mind.

Nike's range of products include shoes, jerseys, shorts, [[Cleat (shoe)|cleats]], [[baselayers]], etc. for sports activities such as soccer,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soccerpro.com/Nike-Air-Zoom-Control-II-FS-Indoor-Soccer-Shoes-c439/ |title=Nike Air Zoom Control II FS Futsal Shoes at Soccer Pro |publisher=Soccerpro.com |access-date=March 4, 2010}}</ref> basketball, track and field, [[combat sports]], tennis, [[American football]], athletics, golf, [[ice hockey]], and [[cross training]] for men, women, and children. Nike also sells shoes for activities such as [[skateboarding]], baseball, cycling, volleyball, [[wrestling]], [[cheerleading]], [[lacrosse]], [[cricket]], aquatic activities, auto racing, and other athletic and recreational uses. Nike partnered with [[Apple Inc.]] to produce the [[Nike+iPod|Nike+]] product that monitors a runner's performance via a radio device in the shoe that links to the [[iPod nano]]. While the product generates useful statistics, it has been criticized by researchers who were able to identify users' [[RFID]] devices from {{convert|60|ft|m}} away using small, concealable intelligence [[Crossbow Technology|motes]] in a [[wireless sensor network]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/systems/nikeipod/tracker-paper.pdf |title=Devices That Tell On You: The Nike+iPod Sport Kit |author1=T. Scott Saponas |author2=Jonathan Lester |author3=Carl Hartung |author4=Tadayoshi Kohno |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907051813/http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/systems/nikeipod/tracker-paper.pdf |archive-date=September 7, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com/NikeiPod-raises-RFID-privacy-concerns/2100-1029_3-6143606.html?part=dl&tag=feed_2574&subj=6143606&tag=news|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120904043220/http://www.news.com/NikeiPod-raises-RFID-privacy-concerns/2100-1029_3-6143606.html?part=dl&tag=feed_2574&subj=6143606&tag=news|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 4, 2012|title=Nike+iPod raises RFID privacy concerns|author=Tom Espiner|date=December 13, 2006|publisher=CNet}}</ref>

In 2004, Nike launched the [[SPARQ Training|SPARQ Training Program]]/Division.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://spectrumsp.com/2013/06/sparq-nike-performance-summitt/|title=SPARQ – Nike Performance Summitt |date=June 4, 2013 |work=SPECTRUM, Inc|access-date=April 13, 2017}}</ref> Some of Nike's newest shoes contain [[Nike Flywire|Flywire]] and Lunarlite Foam to reduce weight.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.icis.com/Articles/2008/08/04/9144388/latest-materials-improve-sportswear-performance.html |title=Latest materials improve sportswear performance |access-date=October 14, 2008 |publisher=ICIS Chemical Business}}</ref> The Air Zoom Vomero running shoe, introduced in 2006 and currently in its 11th generation, featured a combination of groundbreaking innovations including a full-length air cushioned sole,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sneakernews.com/2015/06/08/nike-is-celebrating-the-20th-anniversary-of-nike-zoom-with-incredible-running-shoes/|title=Newest Nike Zoom Running Shoes | SneakerNews.com|date=June 8, 2015}}</ref> an external heel counter, a crashpad in the heel for shock absorption, and Fit Frame technology for a stable fit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://footwearnews.com/2016/focus/athletic-outdoor/nike-air-zoom-vomero-11-sneakers-release-199000/|title=Nike Air Zoom Vomero 11 Drops Tomorrow|first1=Peter |last1=Verry|date=March 2, 2016}}</ref>

In 2023, Nike told ESPN that it would cease using kangaroo skins in its products by the end of that year and debut "a new Nike-only, proprietary synthetic upper, [with] a new material that is a better performance solution and replaces the use of kangaroo leather."<ref>Dan Hajducky,"[https://www.espn.com/soccer/blog-fifa/story/4900211/nikepuma-to-stop-using-kangaroo-leather-in-soccer-boots Nike, Puma to stop using kangaroo leather in soccer boots, all products]," ESPN, 13 March 2023.</ref>

====Nike Vaporfly====
[[File:Nike Vaporfly Cut in Half.png|thumb|Nike Vaporfly cut in half to show the different layers that make up the base of the shoe. The dark grey line shows the carbon fiber plate.]]

The Nike Vaporfly first came out in 2017 and their popularity, along with its performance, prompted a new series of running shoes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-athletics-shoe-factbox-idUSKBN1ZN0NH|title=Factbox: Nike's Vaporfly running shoes and tumbling records|date=January 24, 2020|work=Reuters|access-date=March 10, 2020|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bachman-2020">{{cite news |last1=Bachman |first1=Rachel |last2=Safdar |first2=Khadeeja |title=Nike Vaporfly Shoes Won't Be Banned From Olympics |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/nikes-controversial-vaporfly-shoe-cleared-for-use-at-tokyo-olympics-11580484025 |work=WSJ |date=31 January 2020 }}</ref> The Vaporfly series has a new technological composition that has revolutionized long-distance running since studies have shown that these shoes can improve marathon race time up to 4.2%.<ref name="Bachman-2020"/> The composition of the sole contains a foamy material, Pebax, that Nike has altered and now calls it ZoomX (which can be found in other Nike products as well). Pebax foam can also be found in airplane insulation and is "squishier, bouncier, and lighter" than foams in typical running shoes.<ref name="Bachman-2020"/> In the middle of the ZoomX foam there is a full-length carbon fiber plate "designed to generate extra spring in every step".<ref name="Bachman-2020"/> At the time of this writing Nike had just released its newest product from the Vaporfly line, the Nike ZoomX Vaporfly NEXT%, which was marketed as "the fastest shoe we’ve ever made" using Nike's "two most innovative technologies, Nike ZoomX foam and VaporWeave material".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nike.com/running/vaporfly|title=Nike Vaporfly. Featuring the new Vaporfly NEXT%|website=Nike.com|language=en-US|access-date=March 11, 2020}}</ref>

===Street fashions=== 
[[File:Nike no-show socks.JPG|thumb|right|Nike Elite no-show socks with cushioned sole]]
[[File:Hypervenom, Nike trainers.jpg|thumb|right|Hypervenom sports shoes]]
[[File:Nike Victori One Men's Slides.jpg|thumb|Nike Victori One men's slides on rain]]

The Nike brand, with its distinctive "[[Swoosh]]" logo, quickly became regarded as a status symbol<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2hBtKcZESoC&q=nike%20air%20max&pg=PA106|title=Beautiful things in popular culture |isbn=9781405178556|page=106|last=McKee|first=Alan|date=April 15, 2008|publisher=Wiley |access-date=April 2, 2016}}</ref> in modern [[urban fashion]] and [[hip-hop fashion]]<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4cnVUcxRA0MC&q=nike%20tempo&pg=PA102|title=Nike Culture: The Sign of the Swoosh|pages=88, 102|last1=Goldman|first1=Peter|last2=Papson|first2=Stephen|date=1998|publisher=SAGE |access-date=April 2, 2016|isbn=9780761961499}}</ref> due to its association with success in sport.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pCT05HUsYZ8C&q=nike%20air%20max&pg=PA17|title=Nike|access-date=April 2, 2016|first=Tracy|last=Carbasho|page=17|isbn=9781598843439 |date=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO}}</ref> Beginning in the 1980s, various items of Nike clothing became staples of mainstream American [[youth culture|youth fashion]], especially tracksuits, [[shell suit]]s, [[baseball cap]]s, [[Air Jordans]], Air Force 1's, and [[Air Max]] running shoes<ref>{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AuQDAAAAMBAJ&q=nike+air+max&pg=PA33|newspaper=[[Popular Mechanics]]|date=August 1987|access-date=April 2, 2016 |title=Nike's High-Stepping Air Force|page=33|publisher=Hearst Magazines}}</ref> with thick, air cushioned rubber soles and contrasting blue, yellow, green, white, or red trim.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWEEAAAAMBAJ&q=nike+air+max&pg=PA76-IA3|newspaper=Working Mother |title=Nike advert|access-date=April 2, 2016|page=76|last1=Media|first1=Working Mother|date=August 1987}}</ref> Limited edition sneakers and prototypes with a regional early release were known as [[Quickstrike sneakers|Quickstrikes]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gq.com/story/five-steps-to-reselling-sneakers-online|title=Five Easy Steps to Re-Selling Your Sneakers on the Internet |date=September 29, 2015 |website=GQ}}</ref> and became highly desirable items<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/nike-air-max-plus-black-blue-orange/|title=New Nike Air Max Plus Colorways Are on the Way |date=November 2, 2021|website=Highsnobiety}}</ref> for teenage members of the [[sneakerhead subculture]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sneakerwatch.com/article/021308/crazy-quickstrikes-20-most-limited-air-jordan-releases |title=Sneaker Watch |access-date=April 10, 2016 |archive-date=January 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107084908/http://www.sneakerwatch.com/article/021308/crazy-quickstrikes-20-most-limited-air-jordan-releases |url-status=dead }}</ref>

By the 1990s and [[2000s youth fashion|2000s]], American and European teenagers<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-2014-10|title=Here's How Teens Really Spend Money, What They Like, And Where They Shop|first=Hayley|last=Peterson|website=Business Insider}}</ref> associated with the [[preppy]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6o7SrLdgx8gC&dq=nike+preppy&pg=PA172|title=Brand Failures: The Truth about the 100 Biggest Branding Mistakes of All Time|first=Matt|last=Haig|date=July 12, 2005 |publisher=Kogan Page Publishers|isbn=9780749444334 |via=Google Books}}</ref> or [[popular clique]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xze9-DIufJ0C&dq=nike+preppy&pg=PA29 |title=Dress to Express: Seven Secrets to Overcoming Closet Trauma and Revealing Your Inner Beauty |first=Tracy|last=McWilliams|date=March 1, 2012|publisher=New World Library|isbn=9781608681495 |via=Google Books}}</ref> began combining these sneakers,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hannahgale.co.uk/2015/01/22/26-signs-youre-the-absolute-queen-of-basic-bitches/|title=26 signs you're the absolute queen of basic bitches|date=January 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124204652/http://hannahgale.co.uk/2015/01/22/26-signs-youre-the-absolute-queen-of-basic-bitches/|archive-date=January 24, 2015|publisher=hannahgale.co.uk}}</ref> [[leggings]], sweatpants, [[crop top]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/back-to-basics-fall-fashion-guide|title=7 Basic Fall Looks to Embrace Your Inner #Basic|date=September 19, 2014|website=Vogue}}</ref> and tracksuits with regular [[casual chic]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneytimes.com/articles/4885/20150907/nike-j-crews-toughest-rival.htm|title=Nike could be J. Crew's toughest rival|date=September 7, 2015|website=Money Times}}</ref> street clothes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thetab.com/uk/exeter/2015/10/21/basic-exetah-bitch-28095|title=A comprehensive manual on becoming an EX4 basic betch|date=October 21, 2015|website=University of Exeter}}</ref> such as jeans, skirts, [[leg warmers]], [[slouch socks]], and [[bomber jacket]]s. Particularly popular<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adelson |first=Karen Iorio |date=2017-09-20 |title=The On-Sale Running Shorts You Should Buy in Bulk |url=https://www.racked.com/2017/9/20/16337836/nike-tempo-running-shorts |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Racked |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> were the unisex spandex Nike Tempo [[compression shorts]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.smudailymustang.com/?p=4769 |title=Nike Tempo trend |access-date=April 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413203412/http://www.smudailymustang.com/?p=4769 |archive-date=April 13, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> worn for cycling and running,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-15 |title=10 Best Women's Running Shorts For Your New Year Fitness Regime |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/vogue-shops/gallery/running-shorts-women |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=British Vogue |language=en-GB}}</ref> which had a mesh lining, waterproofing, and, later in the 2000s, a zip pocket for a [[Walkman]] or [[MP3 player]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ViG2kT2eDecC&q=nike%20tempo&pg=PT240|title=Running for beginners|year=2013 |page=240|publisher=Imagine|isbn=9781908955111|access-date=April 2, 2016}}</ref>

From the late 2000s into the 2010s, Nike Elite basketball socks began to be worn as everyday clothes by hip-hop fans and young children.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Suzy|last=Fielders |url=https://journalnow.com/winstonsalemmonthly/the-young-the-stylish/article_794a11a6-f68d-11e5-bf5b-ef0644e800d3.html|title=The Young & the Stylish|website=Winston-Salem Journal|date=March 30, 2016 }}</ref>
Originally plain white or black, these socks had special shock absorbing cushioning in the sole<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thesource.com/2016/03/07/introducing-the-nike-elite-versatility-sock/|title=Introducing the Nike Elite|access-date=April 2, 2016|archive-date=February 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227091247/https://thesource.com/2016/03/07/introducing-the-nike-elite-versatility-sock/|url-status=dead}}</ref> plus a moisture wicking upper weave.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colorful socks no longer a fad |url=http://blogs.marketwatch.com/behindthestorefront/2014/05/02/style-conscious-men-prove-colorful-socks-no-longer-a-fad/ |access-date=April 2, 2016 |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401175234/https://blogs.marketwatch.com/behindthestorefront/2014/05/02/style-conscious-men-prove-colorful-socks-no-longer-a-fad/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Later, Nike Elite socks became available in bright colors inspired by throwback [[basketball uniform]]s,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://live.drjays.com/index.php/2015/04/28/do-you-like-the-new-socks-stance-is-creating-for-the-nba/ |title=Dr Jays |access-date=April 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416011833/http://live.drjays.com/index.php/2015/04/28/do-you-like-the-new-socks-stance-is-creating-for-the-nba/ |archive-date=April 16, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> often with contrasting bold abstract designs, images of celebrities,<ref>{{Cite web|title=These Aaliyah, Nino Brown, and Eazy-E Nike Elite Socks Can't Be Real Life|website=Complex |url=https://www.complex.com/style/2013/10/aaliyah-nino-brown-freddy-krueger-nike-elite-socks}}</ref> and freehand digital print<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/style/2014/06/nike-elite-digital-ink-sock-printing-process |title=Nike Elite Is Releasing Socks Using Its Digital Ink Printing Process in Limited Quantities|website=Complex}}</ref> to capitalize upon the emerging nostalgia for [[1990s fashion]].

In 2015, a new self-lacing shoe was introduced. Called the [[Nike Mag]], which are replicas of the shoes featured in ''[[Back to the Future Part II]]'', it had a preliminary limited release, only available by auction with all proceeds going to the [[Michael J. Fox Foundation]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = The 2015 Nike Mag|url = http://news.nike.com/news/nike-mag-2015|website = NIKE, Inc.|access-date = October 23, 2015}}</ref> This was done again in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/nike-mag-raffle-reportedly-raised-s675-million-for-parkinsons-research-news.24878.html?|title=The Michael J. Fox Foundation does raffle with Nike to raise awareness for Parkinson's disease |last=Rooney |first=Kyle |date=October 21, 2016 |website=Hotnewhiphop |access-date=October 21, 2016}}</ref>

Nike have introduced a premium line, focused more on streetwear than sports wear called NikeLab.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nike.com/ie/en_gb/c/nikelab?ref=https://www.google.ie/|title=NikeLab|website=www.nike.com|language=en-GB|access-date=November 30, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Clarke |first=Khari |date=2014-06-12 |title=Nike Will Launch "NikeLab" Stores Worldwide Tomorrow - The Source |url=https://thesource.com/2014/06/12/nike-will-launch-nikelab-stores-worldwide-tomorrow/,%20https://thesource.com/2014/06/12/nike-will-launch-nikelab-stores-worldwide-tomorrow/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In March 2017, Nike announced its launch of a plus-size clothing line,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-02 |title=Nike Is FINALLY Launching a Plus-Size Collection |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/nike-launches-plus-size-womens-collection |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Teen Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref> which will feature new sizes 1X through 3X on more than 200 products.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mashable.com/2017/03/01/nike-plus-size-clothing-line/|title=Nike finally releases plus-size clothing line for women|last=Lekach|first=Sasha|website=Mashable|date=March 2017|access-date=March 3, 2017}}</ref> Another significant development at this time was the [[Chuck Taylor All-Stars|Chuck Taylor All-Star Modern]], an update of the classic basketball sneaker that incorporated the circular knit upper and cushioned foam sole of Nike's Air Jordans.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.askmen.com/news/fashion/converse-unveils-all-star-modern-sneakers.html|title=Converse Unveils All-Star Modern Sneakers|first=Alex|last=Bracetti|website=AskMen}}</ref>

=== Collectibles ===
On July 23, 2019, a pair of Nike Inc. running shoes sold for $437,500 at a [[Sotheby's]] auction. The so-called "Moon Shoes"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-16 |title=Nike's $100,000 USD "Moon Shoe" Is a Piece of Sneaker History |url=https://hypebeast.com/2021/3/nike-moon-shoe-bill-bowerman-waffle-running-original-swoosh-sothebys-100000-usd |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Hypebeast}}</ref> were designed by Nike co-founder and track coach Bill Bowerman for runners participating in the 1972 Olympics trials. The buyer was [[MDC Partners|Miles Nadal]], a Canadian investor and car collector, who had just paid $850,000 for a group of 99 rare or limited collection pairs of sport shoes. The purchase price was the highest for one pair of sneakers, the previous record being $190,373 in 2017 for a pair of signed [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse]] shoes in California, said to have been worn by [[Michael Jordan]] during the 1984 basketball final of the Olympics that year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-auction-sneakers-idUSKCN1UI2KM|title=Nike shoes race to $437,500 world record auction price for sneakers|date=July 24, 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=October 3, 2019|language=en}}</ref>

=== Virtual ===
After acquiring RTFKT, Nike launched the Dunk Genesis Cryptokicks collection, which features over 20,000 NFTs.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Alex |title=Nike Sold an NFT Sneaker for $134,000 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/26/style/nike-nft-sneaker.html |work=The New York Times |date=26 May 2022 }}</ref> One design by [[Takashi Murakami]] was sold for $134,000 in April 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/personal-finance/crypto/these-nike-nft-cryptokicks-sneakers-sold-for-130k/|title=These Nike NFT 'Cryptokicks' Sneakers Sold For $130K|website=CNET|date=April 28, 2022|author=Daniel Van Boom|access-date=January 7, 2023}}</ref>

==Headquarters==
[[File:Nikeworldheadquarters.jpg|thumb|Nike World Headquarters near Beaverton, Oregon]]
{{Main|Nike World Headquarters}}

Nike's world headquarters are surrounded by the city of Beaverton but are within [[unincorporated area|unincorporated]] [[Washington County, Oregon|Washington County]]. The city attempted to forcibly annex Nike's headquarters, which led to a lawsuit by Nike, and [[lobbying]] by the company that ultimately ended in Oregon Senate Bill 887 of 2005. Under that bill's terms, Beaverton is specifically barred from forcibly annexing the land that Nike and [[Columbia Sportswear]] occupy in Washington County for 35 years, while [[Electro Scientific Industries]] and [[Tektronix]] receive the same protection for 30 years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blog.oregonlive.com/oregonianextra/2006/06/appellate_court_rejects_beaver.html |title=Appellate court rejects Beaverton annexation | The Oregonian Extra |publisher=Blog.oregonlive.com |date=June 16, 2006 |access-date=March 4, 2010}}</ref>

Nike is planning to build a 3.2 million square foot expansion to its World Headquarters in Beaverton.<ref name="Siemers-2016">{{Cite news | title =A first look at Nike's $380M-plus HQ expansion (Renderings) | url=https://www.bizjournals.com/portland/blog/threads_and_laces/2016/01/nike-releases-first-images-of-expanded-washington.html | first=Erik | last=Siemers | work=[[American City Business Journals]] | date=January 20, 2016}}</ref> The design will target [[LEED]] Platinum certification and will be highlighted by natural daylight, and a gray water treatment center.<ref name="Siemers-2016" />
{{clear}}

== Ownership ==
Nike is mainly owned by institutional investors, who hold around 68% of all shares. The 10 largest shareholders of Nike in early 2024 were:<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIKE, Inc. Insider Trading & Ownership Structure |url=https://simplywall.st/stocks/us/consumer-durables/nyse-nke/nike/ownership |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Simply Wall St |language=en}}</ref>

* [[Phil Knight]] (17.4%)
* [[The Vanguard Group|Vanguard]] (7.23%)
* [[BlackRock]] (5.93%)
* [[State Street Global Advisors]] (3.71%)
* [[Travis Knight]] (3.14%)
* Knight Foundation (1.95%)
* [[Capital Group Companies|Capital Research and Management Company]] (1.94%)
* [[Geode Capital Management]] (1.57%)
* [[Wellington Management Company]] (1.48%)
* [[AllianceBernstein]] (1.32%)

==Controversies==
Nike has contracted with more than 700 shops around the world and has offices located in 45 countries outside the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Corporate Responsibility |website=www.nike.com |url=http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/investors/reporting_sec/ar_99/corporate.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929090302/http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/investors/reporting_sec/ar_99/corporate.html |archive-date=September 29, 2007}}</ref> Most of the factories are located in Asia, including Indonesia, China, Taiwan, India,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-indias-50-most-trusted-brands/20110120.htm |title=India's 50 most trusted brands |work=rediff.com |date=January 20, 2011}}</ref> Thailand, Vietnam, Pakistan, Philippines, and Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of factories |url=http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/gc/mp/pdf/disclosure_list_2005-06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070620125833/http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/gc/mp/pdf/disclosure_list_2005-06.pdf|archive-date=June 20, 2007|url-status=dead|website=www.nike.com}}</ref> Nike is hesitant to disclose information about the contract companies it works with. However, due to harsh criticism from some organizations like CorpWatch, Nike has disclosed information about its contract factories in its Corporate Governance Report.

===Sweatshops===
{{main|Nike sweatshops}}

In the 1990s, Nike received criticism for its use of [[sweatshop]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike is facing a new wave of anti-sweatshop protests |date=1 August 2017 |website=Ресурсный центр по вопросам бизнеса и прав человека [Business & Human Rights Resource Centre] |url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/ru/%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8/nike-is-facing-a-new-wave-of-anti-sweatshop-protests/ |access-date=2022-07-12 |archive-date=July 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712204736/https://www.business-humanrights.org/ru/%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8/nike-is-facing-a-new-wave-of-anti-sweatshop-protests/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nike is facing a new wave of anti-sweatshop protests |date=2 August 2017 |website=MR Magazine |url=https://mr-mag.com/nike-facing-new-wave-anti-sweatshop-protests/ |access-date=2022-07-12}}</ref> Beginning in 1990, many protests occurred in big cities such as Los Angeles,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-12-22-me-6131-story.html|title=Boycott of Shoe Company Is Burning Issue at Protest|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=December 22, 1990 }}</ref> Washington, DC and Boston in order to show public outcry for Nike's use of child labor and sweatshops. Nike has been criticized for contracting with factories (known as [[Nike sweatshops]]) in countries such as China, Vietnam, Indonesia and Mexico. Vietnam Labor Watch, an activist group, has documented that factories contracted by Nike have [[Wage theft|violated]] [[minimum wage]] and overtime [[laws in Vietnam]] as late as 1996, although Nike claims that this practice has been stopped.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.saigon.com/nike/reports/report1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010418214242/http://www.saigon.com/nike/reports/report1.html|url-status=dead|title=Nike Labor Practices in Vietnam |archivedate=April 18, 2001|website=www.saigon.com}}</ref>

As of July 2011, Nike stated that two-thirds of its factories producing Converse products still do not meet the company's standards for worker treatment. A July 2011 [[Associated Press]] article stated that employees at the company's plants in Indonesia reported constant abuse from supervisors.<ref>[[Associated Press]], "Nike still dogged by worker abuses", ''[[Japan Times]]'', July 15, 2011, p. 4.</ref>

===Child labor===
During the 1990s, Nike faced criticism for the use of [[Child labour in Cambodia|child labor in Cambodia]] and [[Child labour in Pakistan|Pakistan]] in factories it contracted to manufacture soccer balls. Although Nike took action to curb or at least reduce the practice, they continue to contract their production to companies that operate in areas where inadequate regulation and monitoring make it hard to ensure that child labor is not being used.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.mit.edu/ipc/publications/pdf/02-007.pdf |title=MIT |access-date=September 18, 2010}}</ref>

In 2001, a BBC documentary uncovered occurrences of child labor and poor working conditions in a Cambodian factory used by Nike.<ref>{{cite news|author=Sun Thyda, 12 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/panorama/970385.stm |title=Programmes | Panorama | Archive | Gap and Nike: No Sweat? October 15, 2000 |publisher=BBC News |date=October 15, 2000 |access-date=March 4, 2010}}</ref> The documentary focused on six girls, who all worked seven days a week, often 16 hours a day.

===Strike in China factory===
In April 2014, one of the biggest strikes in mainland China took place at the [[Yue Yuen Industrial Holdings]] [[Dongguan]] shoe factory, producing amongst others for Nike. Yue Yuen did underpay an employee by 250 yuan (40.82 US Dollars) per month. The average salary at Yue Yuen is 3000 yuan per month. The factory employs 70,000 people. This practice was in place for nearly 20 years.<ref>[http://www.clb.org.hk/en/content/more-ten-thousand-workers-stage-strike-massive-dongguan-shoe-factory More than ten thousand workers stage strike at massive Dongguan shoe factory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106230538/http://www.clb.org.hk/en/content/more-ten-thousand-workers-stage-strike-massive-dongguan-shoe-factory |date=January 6, 2020 }}, April 14, 2014</ref><ref>[https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1483287/yue-yuen-shoe-factory-workers-strike-dongguan-plants-continues Yue Yuen shoe factory workers' strike at Dongguan plants continues], April 17, 2014.</ref><ref>[https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1486399/yue-yuen-strikers-vow-continue-until-benefit-contribution-deficit-paid Yue Yuen strikers vow to continue until benefit contribution deficit paid in full], South China Morning Post, April 18, 2013.</ref>

===Paradise Papers===
{{Main|Paradise Papers}}

[[File:NikeCanada.jpg|thumb|upright|Nike office in North America]]
On November 5, 2017, the [[Paradise Papers]], a set of confidential [[electronic document]]s relating to [[offshore investment]], revealed that Nike is among the corporations that used [[Offshore company|offshore companies]] to avoid taxes.<ref>"[http://www.dw.com/en/paradise-papers-expose-tax-evasion-schemes-of-the-global-elite/a-41246087 'Paradise papers' expose tax evasion schemes of the global elite]". [[Deutsche Welle]]. November 5, 2017.</ref><ref>"[http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/paradise-papers-so-lief-die-sz-recherche-1.3736605 So lief die SZ-Recherche]". ''Süddeutsche Zeitung''. November 5, 2017.</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Offshore Trove Exposes Trump-Russia Links And Piggy Banks Of The Wealthiest 1 Percent|url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/paradise-papers/paradise-papers-exposes-donald-trump-russia-links-and-piggy-banks-of-the-wealthiest-1-percent/|access-date=November 7, 2017|work=[[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]]|date=November 5, 2017}}</ref>

[[Appleby (law firm)|Appleby]] documents detail how Nike boosted its after-tax profits by, among other maneuvers, transferring ownership of its Swoosh trademark to a Bermudan subsidiary, Nike International Ltd. This transfer allowed the subsidiary to charge royalties to its European headquarters in [[Hilversum]], [[Netherlands]], effectively converting taxable company [[profit (accounting)|profit]]s to an account payable in [[Tax haven|tax-free]] [[Bermuda]].<ref name=Nike>{{cite web|url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/paradise-papers/explore-politicians-paradise-papers/|title=How NikeStays One Step Ahead of the Regulators: When One Tax Loophole Closes, Another Opens|author=Simon Bowers|publisher=ICIJ|date=November 6, 2017|access-date=November 6, 2017}}</ref> Although the subsidiary was effectively run by executives at Nike's main offices in Beaverton, Oregon—to the point where a duplicate of the Bermudan company's seal was needed—for tax purposes the subsidiary was treated as Bermuda. Its profits were not declared in Europe and came to light only because of a mostly unrelated case in US Tax Court, where papers filed by Nike briefly mention royalties in 2010, 2011 and 2012 totaling $3.86 billion.<ref name=Nike/> Under an arrangement with Dutch authorities, the tax break was to expire in 2014, so another reorganization transferred the intellectual property from the Bermudan company to a Dutch ''commanditaire vennootschap'' or limited partnership, Nike Innovate CV. Dutch law treats income earned by a CV as if it had been earned by the principals, who owe no tax in the Netherlands if they do not reside there.<ref name=Nike/>

===Colin Kaepernick===
In September 2018, Nike announced it had signed former American football quarterback [[Colin Kaepernick]], noted for his [[U.S. national anthem protests (2016–present)|controversial decision to kneel]] during the playing of the US national anthem, to a long-term advertising campaign.<ref>{{cite web | last = Einhorn | first = Bruce | title = Nike Falls as Critics Fume on Social Media Over Kaepernick Deal | publisher = Bloomberg | date = September 4, 2018 | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-04/nike-decides-a-colin-kaepernick-deal-is-worth-the-backlash}}</ref> According to Charles Robinson of [[Yahoo Sports|Yahoo! Sports]], Kaepernick and Nike agreed to a new contract despite the fact Kaepernick has been with the company since 2011 and said that "interest from other shoe companies" played a part in the new agreement. Robinson said the contract is a "wide endorsement" where Kaepernick will have his own branded line including shoes, shirts, jerseys and more.<ref>{{cite web | last = Daniels | first = Tim | title = Colin Kaepernick Named Face of Nike's 30th Anniversary of 'Just Do It' Campaign | publisher = Bleacher Report | date = September 3, 2018 | url = https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2793994-colin-kaepernick-named-face-of-nikes-30th-anniversary-of-just-do-it-campaign}}</ref> In response, some people set fire to their own Nike-branded clothes and shoes or cut the Nike swoosh logo out of their clothes, and the [[Fraternal Order of Police]] called the advertisement an "insult";<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.esquire.com/style/mens-fashion/a22969808/colin-kaepernick-nike-ad-burning-sneakers-response/|title=People Are Already Burning Their Nikes in Response to the Colin Kaepernick Ad|date=September 4, 2018|work=Esquire|access-date=September 5, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.fr/us/nike-advert-with-colin-kaepernick-has-people-burning-products-2018-9|title=People are destroying their Nike shoes and socks to protest Nike's Colin Kaepernick ad campaign|website=Business Insider France|language=fr-FR|access-date=September 5, 2018}}</ref><ref name="vibe" /> others, such as [[LeBron James]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cancian |first1=Dan |title=LeBron 'Stands with Nike' in Support of Colin Kaepernick's Campaign |url=https://www.newsweek.com/lebron-stands-nike-support-colin-kaepernicks-campaign-1108699 |website=Newsweek |access-date=September 7, 2018|date=September 6, 2018 }}</ref> [[Serena Williams]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Serena Williams supports Nike's decision to endorse Colin Kaepernick |url=https://globalnews.ca/video/4427989/serena-williams-supports-nikes-decision-to-endorse-colin-kaepernick |website=Global News |access-date=September 7, 2018}}</ref> and the [[National Black Police Association (United States)|National Black Police Association]],<ref name="vibe">{{cite web |last1=Golding |first1=Shenequa |title=The National Black Police Association Is In Full Support Of Nike's Colin Kaepernick Ad |url=https://www.vibe.com/2018/09/national-association-of-black-police-support-nike-colin-kaepernick/ |website=Vibe |date=September 6, 2018 |access-date=September 7, 2018}}</ref> praised Nike for its campaign. The [[College of the Ozarks]] removed Nike from all their athletic uniforms in response.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wheeler |first1=Wyatt D. |title=College of the Ozarks drops Nike, will 'choose country over company' |url=https://www.news-leader.com/story/sports/2018/09/05/college-ozarks-drops-nike-choose-country-over-company/1206366002/ |newspaper=[[Springfield News-Leader]]
|access-date=September 7, 2018 |date=September 5, 2018}}</ref>

During the following week, Nike's stock price fell 2.2%, even as online orders of Nike products rose 27% compared with the previous year.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Novy-Williams |first1=Eben |title=Nike Orders Rose in Four-Day Period After Kaepernick Ad Debut |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-07/nike-orders-rose-in-four-day-period-after-kaepernick-ad-debut |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=September 7, 2018 |access-date=September 8, 2018}}</ref> In the following three months, Nike reported a rise in sales.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nike hit by conservative backlash over 'racist trainer' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-48848270 |access-date=July 3, 2019 |agency=BBC}}</ref>

In July 2019, Nike released a shoe featuring a [[Betsy Ross flag]] called the Air Max 1 Quick Strike Fourth of July trainers. The trainers were designed to celebrate [[Independence Day (United States)|Independence Day]]. The model was subsequently withdrawn after [[Colin Kaepernick]] told the brand he and others found the flag offensive because of its association with slavery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/nike-colin-kaepernick-air-max-1-fourth-of-july-flag-offensive-colonies-a8983701.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220621/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/nike-colin-kaepernick-air-max-1-fourth-of-july-flag-offensive-colonies-a8983701.html |archive-date=June 21, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Nike pulls Fourth of July trainers after Colin Kaepernick 'raises concerns'|date=July 2, 2019|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=July 2, 2019}}</ref><ref name="complaint">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-48840608|title=Nike 'pulls Betsy Ross flag trainer after Kaepernick complaint'|date=July 2, 2019|access-date=July 2, 2019|publisher=BBC News}}</ref>

Nike's decision to withdraw the product drew criticism from [[List of governors of Arizona|Arizona's]] Republican Governor, [[Doug Ducey]], and Texas's Republican Senator [[Ted Cruz]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-02/nike-pulls-betsy-ross-flag-shoes-at-kaepernick-s-urging-wsj|title=Nike Pulls 'Betsy Ross Flag' Sneakers After Kaepernick Complaint|date=July 2, 2019|access-date=July 2, 2019|language=en}}</ref> Nike's decision was praised by others due to the use of the flag by [[white nationalists]].<ref name="complaint"/>

===Hong Kong protests===
[[File:Nike Kicks Lounge in Harbour City 2017.jpg|thumb|Nike Kicks Lounge in [[Harbour City (Hong Kong)|Harbour City]], [[Hong Kong]]]]
US Vice President [[Mike Pence]] criticized Nike for "siding with the [[Chinese Communist Party]] and silencing free speech". He claimed that after [[Houston Rockets]] general manager [[Daryl Morey]] was criticized by the Chinese government for [[Daryl Morey#Twitter comments on Hong Kong|his tweet]] supporting the [[2019–20 Hong Kong protests|2019 Hong Kong protests]], Nike removed Rockets merchandise from its stores in China.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Alper|first1=Alexandra|last2=Spetalnick|first2=Matt|date=October 24, 2019|title=Pence backs Hong Kong protests in China speech, slams NBA and Nike|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-pence/pence-backs-hong-kong-protests-in-china-speech-slams-nba-and-nike-idUSKBN1X323V|access-date=}}</ref> {{Main|Nike Vaporfly and Tokyo 2020 Olympics controversy}}
On January 31, 2020, the [[World Athletics]] issued new guidelines concerning shoes to be used in the upcoming [[2020 Summer Olympics|Tokyo 2020 Olympics]].<ref name="World Athletics">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/news/press-releases/modified-rules-shoes|title=World Athletics modifies rules governing competition shoes for elite athletes |website=www.worldathletics.org|language=en|access-date=March 26, 2020}}</ref> These updates came in response to criticisms concerning technology in the Nike Vaporfly running shoes, which had been submitted beginning around 2017–2018.<ref name="WSJ">{{Citation|title=The Race for Brands to Match Nike's Vaporfly|url=https://www.wsj.com/video/the-race-for-brands-to-match-nikes-vaporfly/2FBD7367-FE45-4879-851A-ABED237F7987.html|language=en-US|access-date=March 26, 2020}}</ref> These criticisms stated that the shoes provided athletes with an unfair advantage over their opponents and some critics considered it to be a form of [[technology doping]].<ref name="Bachman-2020"/><ref name="NPR">{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/02/23/808681604/nike-vaporfly-shoes-controversy|title=Nike Vaporfly Shoes Controversy|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=March 26, 2020}}</ref> According to Nike funded research, the shoes can improve efficiency by up to 4.2%<ref name="Bachman-2020" /> and runners who have tested the shoe are saying that it causes reduced soreness in the legs; sports technologist Bryce Dyer attributes this to the ZoomX and carbon fiber plate since it absorbs the energy and "spring[s] runners forward".<ref name="NPR" /> Some athletes, scientists, and fans have compared this to the 2008 [[LZR Racer|LAZR swimsuit controversy]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2020/02/09/nikes-vaporfly-shoes-changed-running-track-field-world-is-still-sifting-through-fallout/|title=Nike's Vaporfly shoes changed running, and the track and field world is still sifting through the fallout |first=Adam |last=Kilgore |newspaper=Washington Post|language=en|access-date=March 26, 2020}}</ref>

Some of the major changes in the guidelines that have come about as a result of these criticisms include that the "sole must be no thicker than 40mm" and that "the shoe must not contain more than one rigid embedded plate or blade (of any material) that runs either the full length or only part of the length of the shoe. The plate may be in more than one part but those parts must be located sequentially in one plane (not stacked or in parallel) and must not overlap". The components of the shoes are not the only thing that had major changes; starting April 30, 2020, "any shoe must have been available for purchase by any athlete on the open retail market (online or in store) for a period of four months before it can be used in competition".<ref name="World Athletics" /> Prior to these new guidelines World Athletics reviewed the Vaporfly shoes and "concluded that there is independent research that indicates that the new technology incorporated in the soles of road and spiked shoes may provide a performance advantage" and that it recommends further research to "establish the true impact of [the Vaporfly] technology."<ref name="World Athletics" />

=== Forced Uyghur labor allegations ===
{{See also|Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act}}
In December 2021, the [[European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights]] filed a criminal complaint in a Dutch court against Nike and other brands, alleging that they benefited from the use of forced [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]] labor in [[Xinjiang]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Adegeest|first=Don-Alvin|date=2021-12-06|title=Nike, Patagonia named in European lawsuit as being complicit in 'forced labour' practices in Xinjiang, China|url=https://fashionunited.com/news/fashion/nike-patagonia-named-in-european-lawsuit-as-being-complicit-in-forced-labour-practices-in-xinjiang-china/2021120644306|access-date=2021-12-09|website=FashionUnited|language=en}}</ref> In July 2023, the [[Canadian Ombudsperson for Responsible Enterprise]] opened an investigation into Nike to probe allegations of forced Uyghur labor in its supply chain.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Shakil |first1=Ismail |last2=Rajagopal |first2=Divya |last3=Rajagopal |first3=Divya |date=2023-07-11 |title=Canada probes Nike, Dynasty Gold over alleged use of forced labor in China |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/canada-probes-nike-dynasty-gold-over-alleged-use-forced-labor-china-2023-07-11/ |access-date=2023-07-11}}</ref> Research of the social democratic party in the European Parliament, the Sheffield Hallam University and further groups accused Nike in 2023 of using forced labor camps exploiting Muslim Uyghurs in China provided by the Anhui Huamao Group Co., Ltd. for production.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tailoring Responsibility: Tracing Apparel Supply Chains from the Uyghur Region to Europe |url=https://www.shu.ac.uk/-/media/home/research/helena-kennedy-centre/projects/eu-apparel/eu-tailoring-responsibility-february-24.pdf |work=Uyghur Rights Monitor, the Helena Kennedy Centre for International Justice at Sheffield Hallam University |pages=17 |archive-date=March 27, 2024 |access-date=March 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327153232/https://www.shu.ac.uk/-/media/home/research/helena-kennedy-centre/projects/eu-apparel/eu-tailoring-responsibility-february-24.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Welfare of animals used in sourcing ===
Following criticism from animal rights groups,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-16 |title=Social campaign urged Nike to stop the cruel and painful practice of mulesing |url=https://textilefocus.com/social-campaign-urged-nike-to-stop-the-cruel-and-painful-practice-of-mulesing/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> Nike declared its intent in 2023 to phase out the use of wool sourced from lambs that had been subjected to [[mulesing]], a controversial practice involving the removal of skin from live lambs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndure |first=Isatou |date=2023-06-22 |title=Nike joins Adidas and Puma in certified wool standard, higher animal welfare |url=https://www.just-style.com/news/nike-joins-adidas-and-puma-in-committing-to-cruelty-free-wool/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=Just Style |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-10 |title=New Zealand bans mulesing |url=https://www.farmonline.com.au/story/5635654/new-zealand-bans-mulesing/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=www.farmonline.com.au |language=en-au}}</ref>

Also in 2023, Nike pledged to eliminate the use of [[kangaroo leather]] in favor of a synthetic alternative, in response to animal activists' charge that the killing of kangaroos was unethical.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Touma |first=Rafqa |date=2023-03-14 |title=Animal activists and commercial industry at odds after Nike halts use of kangaroo leather |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/mar/15/animal-activists-and-commercial-industry-at-odds-after-nike-halts-use-of-kangaroo-leather |access-date=2025-03-25 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

==Environmental record==
{{Clothing and the environment}}
In 2007, [[New England]]–based environmental organization Clean Air-Cool Planet ranked Nike among the top three companies (out of 56) in a survey of climate-friendly companies.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zabarenko |first=Deborah |title=Canon tops list of climate-friendly companies |date=June 19, 2007 |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSN1840883720070619?feedType=RSS |access-date=September 18, 2010}}</ref>

===Recycling===
Nike has also been praised for its [[Nike Grind]] program, which closes the [[Product lifecycle (marketing)|product lifecycle]], by groups such as [[Climate Counts]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://climatecounts.org/scorecompany.php?co=43 |title=Nike |publisher=ClimateCounts |access-date=September 18, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110212032423/http://climatecounts.org/scorecompany.php?co=43 |archive-date=February 12, 2011 }}</ref>

Since 1993, Nike has worked on its Reuse-A-Shoe program.<ref name="Wicked Local-2008">{{Cite web|date=April 29, 2008|title=Wicked Local|url=http://www.wickedlocal.com/lexington/news/business/x883026486|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725190907/http://www.wickedlocal.com/lexington/news/business/x883026486|archive-date=July 25, 2008|access-date=May 4, 2008}}</ref> This program is Nike's longest-running program that benefits both the environment and the community by collecting old athletic shoes of any type in order to process and recycle them. The material that is produced is then used to help create sports surfaces such as basketball courts, running tracks, and playgrounds.<ref name="Wicked Local-2008" /> Nike France made their Reuse-A-Shoe program available online so that they could make it easier for consumers to send in their old shoes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=EcoBahn |date=2020-07-21 |title=Nike Reuse-A-Shoe: Digital Upcycling Shift |url=https://theecobahn.com/ideas/nike-reuse-a-shoe-digital-upcycling-shift/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=EcoBahn |language=en-US |archive-date=November 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106213225/https://theecobahn.com/ideas/nike-reuse-a-shoe-digital-upcycling-shift/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2017, it was estimated that 28,000,000 shoes were collected since its start in 1993. Nike limited the mail-in option of the program because they are aware that the emissions from shipping would offset the good, they are trying to do. They work with the National Recycling Coalition to help limit transportation of recycled shoes. During transportation most of the vehicles that are used are using diesel or fuel oil.<ref name=ac>{{Cite web |last1=Curtis |first1=Alexander |last2=Hansson |first2=Amanda |title=Examining the Viability of Corporate Recycling Initiatives and Their Overall Environmental Impact: The Case of Nike Grind and the Reuse-A-Shoe Program |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333512603 |access-date=November 18, 2022}}</ref> Diesel oil emits 22.44 pounds of Carbon Dioxide per gallon.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smoot |first=Grace |title=What Is the Carbon Footprint of Diesel Fuel? A Life-Cycle Assessment |url=https://impactful.ninja/the-carbon-footprint-of-diesel-fuel/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=Impactful Ninja |date=October 28, 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref>

A campaign that Nike began for Earth Day 2008 was a commercial that featured basketball star [[Steve Nash]] wearing Nike's Trash Talk Shoe, which had been constructed in February 2008 from pieces of leather and synthetic leather waste from factory floors. The Trash Talk Shoe also featured a sole composed of ground-up rubber from a shoe recycling program. Nike claims this is the first performance basketball shoe that has been created from manufacturing waste, but it only produced 5,000 pairs for sale.<ref>[http://www.brandweek.com/bw/news/recent_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003793129&imw=Y] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505070832/http://www.brandweek.com/bw/news/recent_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003793129|date=May 5, 2008}} </ref>

=== Sulfur hexafluoride ===
[[Sulfur hexafluoride]] is an extremely potent and persistent greenhouse gas that was used to fill the cushion bags in all "Air"-branded shoes from 1992 to 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2006-09-24/nike-goes-for-the-green |title= Nike Goes For The Green |author= Stanley Holmes |publisher= Bloomberg Business Week Magazine |date= September 24, 2006 |access-date= December 14, 2013 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130603225645/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2006-09-24/nike-goes-for-the-green |archive-date= June 3, 2013 }}</ref> 277 tons was used during the peak in 1997.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oekorecherche.de/sites/default/files/publikationen/ecofys_oekorecherchestudy.pdf |title=Final report on the costs and the impact on emissions of potential regulatory framework for reducing emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride |author=J. Harnisch and W. Schwarz |date=2003-02-04 |publisher=Ecofys GmbH}}</ref>

=== Toxic chemicals ===
In 2008, a project through the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] found workers were exposed to toxic [[isocyanate]]s and other chemicals in footwear factories in Thailand. In addition to inhalation, dermal exposure was the biggest problem found. This could result in allergic reactions including asthmatic reactions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Todd |first1=L. A. |last2=Sitthichok |first2=T. P. |last3=Mottus |first3=K. |last4=Mihlan |first4=G. |last5=Wing |first5=S. |title=Health Survey of Workers Exposed to Mixed Solvent and Ergonomic Hazards in Footwear and Equipment Factory Workers in Thailand |journal=Annals of Occupational Hygiene |year=2008 |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=195–205 |doi=10.1093/annhyg/men003 |pmid=18344534 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Todd |first1=L. A. |last2=Mottus |first2=K. |last3=Mihlan |first3=G. J. |s2cid=13571160 |title=A Survey of Airborne and Skin Exposures to Chemicals in Footwear and Equipment Factories in Thailand |journal=Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=169–181 |year=2008 |doi=10.1080/15459620701853342 |pmid=18213531 |bibcode=2008JOEH....5..169T }}</ref>

=== Water pollution ===
In July 2011, environmental group [[Greenpeace]] published a report regarding [[water pollution]] impacting the [[Yangtze|Yangtze River]] emitted from a major textile factory operated by Nike supplier [[Youngor Group]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Watts|first=Jonathan|date=2011-07-13|title=Greenpeace report links western firms to Chinese river polluters|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/jul/13/greenpeace-links-western-firms-to-chinese-polluters|access-date=2021-08-11|website=[[The Guardian]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611105658/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/jul/13/greenpeace-links-western-firms-to-chinese-polluters|archive-date=2021-06-11}}</ref> Following the report, Nike, as well as [[Adidas]], [[Puma (brand)|Puma]], and a number of other brands included in the report announced an agreement to stop discharging hazardous chemicals by 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Brettman|first=Allan |date=2011-11-19|title=Nike, Adidas, Puma agree with Greenpeace to clean water in worldwide production by 2020|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/playbooks-profits/2011/11/nike_adidas_puma_agree_with_gr.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020141412/https://www.oregonlive.com/playbooks-profits/2011/11/nike_adidas_puma_agree_with_gr.html|archive-date=2020-10-20|access-date=2021-08-11|website=[[The Oregonian]]|language=en}}</ref> However, in July 2016 Greenpeace released a follow-up report which found that Nike "does not take individual responsibility" for eliminating hazardous chemicals, stating that Nike had not made an explicit commitment to riding itself of [[perfluorinated compound]]s, and that "Nike does not ensure its suppliers report their hazardous chemical discharge data and has not made a commitment to do so".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016|title=THE DETOX CATWALK 2016|website=[[Greenpeace]] |url=http://p3-raw.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/detox/fashion/detox-catwalk/|access-date=2021-08-10|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401155311/http://p3-raw.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/detox/fashion/detox-catwalk/|archive-date=2020-04-01}}</ref>

Back in 2016, Nike started to use water free dyeing materials so that they can help reduce their water use in their Southeast Asian factories.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike: A Poster Child for Climate Change? |url=https://d3.harvard.edu/platform-rctom/submission/nike-a-poster-child-for-climate-change/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=Technology and Operations Management |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Carbon footprint===
Nike reported Total [[carbon footprint|CO2e emissions]] (Direct + Indirect) for the twelve months ending June 30, 2020 at 317 Kt (+12/+4% y-o-y)<ref name ="Nike Total CO2e emissions for 2020Q2">{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2020Q2 |url=https://purpose-cms-preprod01.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/26225049/FY20_NIKE_Inc_Impact_Report2.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710051235/https://purpose-cms-preprod01.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/26225049/FY20_NIKE_Inc_Impact_Report2.pdf |archive-date=July 10, 2021 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2020Q2/12 Alt URL]</ref> and plans to reduce emissions 65% by 2030 from a 2015 base year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2021Q1 |url=https://purpose.nike.com/carbon-energy |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111134435/https://purpose.nike.com/carbon-energy|url-status=deviated}} [https://docs.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Climate%20Goal%5BClimate%20Goal,Total%20CO2e%20emissions%20%3CScope%201%20%2B%20Scope%202%3E%5D/2021Q1 Alternate URL]</ref> This [[Science Based Targets initiative|science-based target]] is aligned with [[Paris Agreement]] to limit global warming to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sciencebasedtargets.org/companies-taking-action|title=Companies taking action|website=Science Based Targets}}</ref> According to a study done in 2017, Nike contributed 3,002,529 metric tons of Carbon Dioxide in 2017 combined from different sectors in the company like retail, manufacturing, management, and more.<ref name=ac/>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Nike's annual Total CO2e Emissions – Location-Based Scope 1 + Scope 2 (in kilotonnes)
|-
! Jun 2015 !! Jun 2016 !! Jun 2017 !! Jun 2018 !! Jun 2019 !! Jun 2020
|-
| 286<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025231506/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf |url=https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf |archive-date=October 25, 2020 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2015Q2/12 Alt URL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111134431/https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20+%20Scope%202/2015Q2/12 |date=November 11, 2021 }}</ref> || 300<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025231506/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf |url=https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf |archive-date=October 25, 2020 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2016Q2/12 Alt URL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111134445/https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20+%20Scope%202/2016Q2/12 |date=November 11, 2021 }}</ref> || 327<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025231506/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf |url=https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf|archive-date=October 25, 2020 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2017Q2/12 Alt URL]</ref> || 301<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025231506/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf |url=https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf |archive-date=October 25, 2020 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2018Q2/12 Alt URL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111134448/https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20+%20Scope%202/2018Q2/12 |date=November 11, 2021 }}</ref> || 305<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025231506/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf |url=https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf |archive-date=October 25, 2020 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2019Q2/12 Alt URL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111134452/https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20+%20Scope%202/2019Q2/12 |date=November 11, 2021 }}</ref> || 317<ref name="Nike Total CO2e emissions for 2020Q2"/>
|}
While emissions of Nike's two corporate jets represent less than 0.1% of its total emissions, they have increased by 20% from 2015 to 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kish |first=Rob Davis, Agnel Philip, Alex Mierjeski, Matthew |date=2024-08-13 |title=After Nike Leaders Promised Climate Action, Their Corporate Jets Kept Flying — and Polluting |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/nike-corporate-jet-travel-carbon-emissions |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=ProPublica |language=en}}</ref>

'''<big>Partnership with Newlight</big>'''

In 2021, Nike announced they were working with Newlight Technologies to find more eco-friendly materials for their sneakers. They specifically mentioned Newlight's AirCarbon product which is a bioplastic that can be used to make shoes. The bioplastic is used as a replacement to leather, plastic, and other materials that are like that.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lexis® – Sign In {{!}} LexisNexis |url=https://advance.lexis.com/document?crid=828231b7-97e3-4e5b-906b-43ad2c3ff444&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fnews%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A63G7-N861-DXFS-2227-00000-00&pdsourcegroupingtype=&pdcontentcomponentid=434944&pdmfid=1516831&pdisurlapi=true |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=signin.lexisnexis.com}}</ref> Newlight was reported saying that the goal is to reduce Nike's carbon footprint.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-17 |title=What the Tech? Microorganism-Harvested AirCarbon Will Make Your Next Pair of Nikes |url=https://hypebeast.com/2021/9/newlight-technologies-aircarbon-negative-nike-sustainable-shoes-what-the-tech |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=HYPEBEAST}}</ref>

=== Sustainability ===
Nike has taken steps to reduce its environmental impact. It has worked to reduce carbon emissions nearly 3% across its value chain from its FY11 baseline,<ref name="FDRA">{{Cite web |title=FDRA {{!}} Nike's Sustainability Report Shows Environmental Impact Reductions |date=8 May 2014 |url=https://fdra.org/latest-news/nikes-sustainability-report-shows-environmental-impact-reductions/ |access-date=2023-04-10 |language=en-US |archive-date=April 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411003330/https://fdra.org/latest-news/nikes-sustainability-report-shows-environmental-impact-reductions/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> and sourced from fewer, higher-performing contract factories.<ref name="FDRA" />

In 2019, Nike began a program called "Move to Zero" in an effort to achieve zero waste and zero carbon in the organization's supply chain and product lifetime.<ref name="Hall-2020">{{cite news |last1=Hall |first1=Christopher |title=Nike's Move to Zero Collection Leaves Little Fabric Waste Behind |id={{ProQuest|2353833050}} |url=https://sourcingjournal.com/sustainability/sustainability-news/nike-grind-move-to-zero-pattern-efficiency-sustainable-recycled-cotton-194775/ |work=Sourcing Journal |date=12 February 2020 }}</ref> The men's and women's sections of the collection contain at least 60% organic and recycled materials, including sustainably sourced cotton.<ref name="Hall-2020" />

==Marketing strategy==
Nike promotes its products through [[Sponsor (commercial)|sponsorship agreements]] with celebrity athletes, professional teams and college athletic teams. Nike has endorsement deals with many top sports players such as [[LeBron James]], [[Kevin Durant]], and [[Serena Williams]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Athletes: North America |url=https://www.nike.com/my/athletes/north-america |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=Nike.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>

===Advertising===
[[File:Nike King Of Prussia in King of Prussia Mall.jpg|thumb|right|Nike store at the [[King of Prussia (shopping mall)|King of Prussia]] shopping mall in [[King of Prussia, Pennsylvania]]]]
In 1982, Nike aired its first three national television ads, created by newly formed ad agency [[Wieden+Kennedy]] (W+K), during the broadcast of the [[New York Marathon]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nudd|first1=Tim|title=W+K Finds Its First Ads Ever, for Nike, on Dusty Old Tapes|url=http://www.adweek.com/creativity/wieden-kennedy-finds-its-first-ads-ever-made-nike-dusty-old-tapes-156511/|website=Adweek|date=March 25, 2014 |access-date=April 9, 2017}}</ref> The Cannes Advertising Festival has named Nike its Advertiser of the Year in 1994 and 2003, making it the first company to receive that honor twice.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allbusiness.com/marketing-advertising/4121690-1.html |title=Nike's Knight Is Advertiser of the Year |publisher=AllBusiness.com |access-date=March 4, 2010}}</ref>

Nike also has earned the [[Emmy Award]] for best commercial in 2000 and 2002. The first was for "The Morning After," a satirical look at what a runner might face on the morning of January 1, 2000, if every dire prediction about the [[Year 2000 problem|Y2K problem]] came to fruition.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fass |first1=Allison |title=The Media Business: Advertising – Addenda; Nike Spot Wins An Emmy Award |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/31/business/the-media-business-advertising-addenda-nike-spot-wins-an-emmy-award.html |work=The New York Times |date=31 August 2000 }}</ref> The second was for a 2002 spot called "Move," which featured a series of famous and everyday athletes in a variety of athletic pursuits.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rutenberg |first1=Jim |title=The Media Business: Advertising – Addenda; Nike Spot Wins An Emmy Award |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/20/business/the-media-business-advertising-addenda-nike-spot-wins-an-emmy-award.html |work=The New York Times |date=20 September 2002 }}</ref>

====Beatles song====
Nike was criticized for its use of the [[The Beatles|Beatles]] song "[[Revolution (Beatles song)|Revolution]]" in a 1987 commercial against the wishes of [[Apple Records]], the Beatles' recording company. Nike paid US$250,000 to [[Capitol Records]] Inc., which held the North American licensing rights to the recordings, for the right to use the Beatles' rendition for a year.<ref name="AP" />

That same year, Apple Records sued Nike Inc., Capitol Records Inc., [[EMI|EMI Records]] Inc. and Wieden+Kennedy for $15 million.<ref name="AP">According to a July 28, 1987, article written by the [[Associated Press]].</ref> Capitol-EMI countered by saying the lawsuit was "groundless" because Capitol had licensed the use of "Revolution" with the "active support and encouragement of [[Yoko Ono]], a shareholder and director of Apple Records."

Nike discontinued airing ads featuring "Revolution" in March 1988. Yoko Ono later gave permission to Nike to use [[John Lennon]]'s "Instant Karma" in another advertisement.

====New media marketing====
Nike was an early adopter of [[internet marketing]], [[email management]] technologies, and using [[broadcast]] and [[narrowcasting|narrowcast]] communication technologies to create multimedia marketing campaigns.

====Minor Threat advertisement====
In late June 2005, Nike received criticism from [[Ian MacKaye]], owner of [[Dischord Records]], guitarist/vocalist for [[Fugazi]] and [[The Evens]], and front man of the defunct punk band [[Minor Threat]], for appropriating imagery and text from Minor Threat's [[First Two 7"s on a 12"|1981 self-titled album]]'s cover art in a flyer promoting [[Nike Skateboarding]]'s 2005 East Coast demo tour.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Levine |first1=Robert |title=A Nike Poster Upsets Fans of the Punk Rock Band Minor Threat in a Major Way |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/04/business/media/a-nike-poster-upsets-fans-of-the-punk-rock-band-minor-threat.html |work=The New York Times |date=4 July 2005 }}</ref> {{Clear}}
On June 27, Nike Skateboarding's website issued an apology to Dischord, Minor Threat, and fans of both and announced that they have tried to remove and dispose of all flyers. They stated that the people who designed it were skateboarders and Minor Threat fans themselves who created the advertisement out of respect and appreciation for the band.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nike.com/nikeskateboarding/v2/letter/index.html |title=Skateboarding |publisher=Nike |access-date=September 18, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125082327/http://www.nike.com/nikeskateboarding/v2/letter/index.html |archive-date=November 25, 2010 }}</ref> The dispute was eventually settled out of court between Nike and Minor Threat.

[[File:Niketown08.jpg|thumb|right|Niketown at [[Oxford Circus]], London]]

====Nike 6.0====
As part of the 6.0 campaign, Nike introduced a new line of T-shirts that include phrases such as "Dope", "Get High" and "Ride Pipe" – sports lingo that is also a [[double entendre]] for [[Recreational drug use|drug use]]. Boston Mayor [[Thomas Menino]] expressed his objection to the shirts after seeing them in a window display at the city's Niketown and asked the store to remove the display. "What we don't need is a major corporation like Nike, which tries to appeal to the younger generation, out there giving credence to the drug issue," Menino told ''[[The Boston Herald]]''. A company official stated the shirts were meant to pay homage to extreme sports, and that Nike does not condone the illegal use of drugs.<ref>{{cite news | first = Allan | last = Brettman | title = Nike courts controversy, publicity with drug-themed skater shirts | newspaper=The Oregonian | date = June 22, 2011 | url = http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2011/06/nike_courts_controversy_public.html | access-date = June 24, 2011}}</ref> Nike was forced to replace the shirt line.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stocksandshares.tv/nike-inc-nysenke-facing-slogan-backlash/3209121 |title=Nike Inc. (NYSE:NKE) Facing Slogan Backlash |publisher=stocksandshares.tv |date=June 24, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110627184405/http://www.stocksandshares.tv/nike-inc-nysenke-facing-slogan-backlash/3209121 |archive-date=June 27, 2011 }}</ref>

===NBA uniform deal===
In June 2015, Nike signed an 8-year deal with the [[NBA]] to become the official uniform supplier for the league, beginning with the 2017–18 season.<ref name="BallerStatus-2015" /> The brand took over for [[Adidas]], who provided the uniforms for the league since 2006.<ref name="BallerStatus-2015" /> Unlike previous deals, Nike's logo appear on NBA jerseys – a first for the league.<ref name="BallerStatus-2015">{{cite web |url=http://www.ballerstatus.com/2015/06/11/nike-signs-8-year-deal-with-nba/ |title=Nike Signs 8-Year Deal With NBA |publisher=BallerStatus.com |date=June 11, 2015 |access-date=June 11, 2015 |archive-date=April 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424030911/https://www.ballerstatus.com/2015/06/11/nike-signs-8-year-deal-with-nba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Initially, the [[Charlotte Hornets]], owned by longtime Nike endorser [[Michael Jordan]], were the only team not to sport the Nike swoosh, instead wearing the [[Jumpman (logo)|Jumpman]] logo associated with Jordan-related merchandise.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sbnation.com/lookit/2017/6/26/15872910/hornets-jumpman-jerseys-nba-nike-license |title=The Hornets will be the only NBA team to have jerseys licensed by Jumpman |first=James |last=Dator |publisher=[[SB Nation]] |date=June 26, 2017 |access-date=July 6, 2017}}</ref> However, beginning with the 2020–21 season, the Jumpman replaced the swoosh on the NBA's alternate "Statement" uniforms.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nba.com/news/nba-statement-edition-uniforms-jordan-brand-jumpman|title=Jumpman logo will appear on NBA Statement Edition uniforms for 2020–21 season|website=NBA.com|date=July 21, 2020|accessdate=June 18, 2022}}</ref> In October 2024, Nike announced a 12-year global extension of the partnership, retaining exclusive rights to design and manufacture uniforms for the NBA, WNBA and NBA G League through 2037.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vorkunov |first1=Mike |title=Nike to remain NBA’s exclusive uniform, apparel provider on new 12-year contract extension |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5860807/2024/10/21/nike-uniform-contract-nba-wnba-g-league/ |access-date=October 14, 2025 |work=The Athletic |publisher=The New York Times |date=April 11, 2025}}</ref>

==Sponsorship==

[[File:Jordan by Lipofsky 16577.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Michael Jordan]] (pictured in 1987) helped drive Nike sales.]]

Nike sponsors top athletes in many sports to use their products and promote and advertise their technology and design. Nike's first professional athlete endorser was Romanian tennis player [[Ilie Năstase]].<ref name="thestreet.com"/> The first track endorser was distance runner [[Steve Prefontaine]]. Prefontaine was the prized pupil of the company's co-founder, [[Bill Bowerman]], while he coached at the University of Oregon. Today, the Steve Prefontaine Building is named in his honor at Nike's corporate headquarters. Nike has only made one statue of its sponsored athletes and it is of Steve Prefontaine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0WMzYGhCgw|title=Fire on the Track – The Steve Prefontaine Story – Part 1|website=YouTube|language=en-US|access-date=June 4, 2019}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead YouTube link|date=February 2022}}</ref>

Nike has also sponsored many other successful [[track and field]] athletes over the years, such as [[Sebastian Coe]], [[Carl Lewis]], [[Jackie Joyner-Kersee]], [[Michael Johnson (sprinter)|Michael Johnson]] and [[Allyson Felix]]. The signing of basketball player [[Michael Jordan]] in 1984, with his subsequent promotion of Nike over the course of his career, with [[Spike Lee]] as [[Mars Blackmon]], proved to be one of the biggest boosts to Nike's publicity and sales.<ref>Skidmore, Sarah. [http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2004116738_airjordan10.html "23 years later, Air Jordans maintain mystique"], ''[[The Seattle Times]]'', January 10, 2008. Retrieved July 22, 2018.</ref>
[[File:Ronaldinho 11feb2007.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Ronaldinho]] (pictured with Barcelona in 2007) appeared in a 2005 Nike advertisement that went [[Viral video|viral]] on [[YouTube]], becoming the site's first video to reach one million views.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2282815-the-10-most-bling-boots-in-football|title=The 10 Most 'Bling' Boots in Football|last=Bailey|first=Ryan|website=Bleacher Report|language=en|access-date=February 22, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vidyard.com/blog/short-ish-history-online-video/|title=A Shortish History of Online Video|website=Vidyard|language=en-US|access-date=February 22, 2019}}</ref>]]

Nike is a major sponsor of the athletic programs at [[Penn State University]] and named its first child care facility after [[Joe Paterno]] when it opened in 1990 at the company's headquarters. Nike originally announced it would not remove Paterno's name from the building in the wake of the Penn State sex abuse scandal. After the Freeh Report was released on July 12, 2012, Nike CEO Mark Parker announced the name Joe Paterno would be removed immediately from the child development center. A new name has yet to be announced.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paterno's name off child care center |url=http://msn.foxsports.com/collegefootball/story/president-of-nike-mark-parker-deicdes-to-change-name-of-joe-paterno-child-development-center-at-company-headquarters-071212 |work=FOX Sports |access-date=July 12, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715024438/http://msn.foxsports.com/collegefootball/story/president-of-nike-mark-parker-deicdes-to-change-name-of-joe-paterno-child-development-center-at-company-headquarters-071212 |archive-date=July 15, 2012 |date=July 12, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Joe Paterno's Name Removed From Child Development Center at Nike Headquarters|url=http://www.nesn.com/2012/07/joe-paternos-name-removed-from-child-development-center-at-nike-headquarters.html|publisher=NESN.com|access-date=July 12, 2012|date=July 12, 2012}}</ref>

[[File:Kylian Mbappe 2017.jpg|thumb|upright|170px|Nike Hypervenom 3 boots were commissioned for French prodigy [[Kylian Mbappé]].]]
In the early 1990s, Nike made a strong push into the soccer business making endorsement deals with famous and charismatic players such as [[Romário]], [[Eric Cantona]] or [[Edgar Davids]]. They continued the growth in the sport by signing more top players including: [[Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)|Ronaldo]], [[Ronaldinho]], [[Francesco Totti]], [[Thierry Henry]], [[Didier Drogba]], [[Andrés Iniesta]], [[Wayne Rooney]] and still have many of the sport's biggest stars under their name, with [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]], [[Neymar]], [[Harry Kane]], [[Eden Hazard]] and [[Kylian Mbappé]] among others.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nikemedia.com.br/futebol/atletas/ |title=Jogadores de Futebol Patrocinados pela Nike |publisher=Nike Brasil |access-date=February 15, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419025657/http://nikemedia.com.br/futebol/atletas/ |archive-date=April 19, 2013 }}</ref> A Barcelona prodigy, [[Lionel Messi]] had been signed with Nike since age 14, but transferred to Adidas after they successfully challenged their rival's claim to his image rights in court.<ref>{{cite book |title=Messi: The Inside Story of the Boy Who Became a Legend |last=Caioli |first=Luca |date=2012 |publisher=Corinthian Books |page=94}}</ref>
[[File:New Zealand-Portugal (20).jpg|thumb|[[Cristiano Ronaldo]]]]

Nike has been the official ball supplier for the [[Premier League]] since the 2000–01 season.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Northcroft |title=The Premier League's goal rush |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/article6860188.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918065228/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/article6860188.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 18, 2011 |newspaper=The Sunday Times |date=October 4, 2009 |access-date=December 2, 2021}}</ref> In 2012, Nike carried a commercial partnership with the [[Asian Football Confederation]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/nike_offers_further_backing_for_asian_soccer|title=Nike offers further backing for Asian soccer|access-date=December 4, 2017|language=en}}</ref>
In August 2014, Nike announced that they will not renew their kit supply deal with [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] after the 2014–15 season, citing rising costs.<ref>{{cite news|title=Premier League: Sportswear giants Nike to end Manchester United sponsorship|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/12040/9375980/premier-league-sportswear-giants-nike-to-end-manchester-united-sponsorship|access-date=August 7, 2014|newspaper=Sky Sports|date=August 7, 2014|location=London}}</ref> Since the start of the 2015–16 season, [[Adidas]] has manufactured Manchester United's kit as part of a world-record 10-year deal worth a minimum of £750 million.<ref>{{cite news|title=Manchester United sign record 10-year kit deal with Adidas worth £750m|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jul/14/manchester-united-kit-deal-adidas|last=Jackson|first=Jamie|access-date=July 14, 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|date=July 14, 2014|location=London}}</ref>

[[File:-2009-04-18 Camp Nou stadium, Barcalona, Spain (12).JPG|thumb|left|Nike logo in the [[Camp Nou]], the home stadium of Barcelona]]
Nike still has many of the top teams playing in their uniforms, including: [[FC Barcelona]], [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] and [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (the latter from the 2020–21 season),<ref>{{cite press release |title=LFC announces multi-year partnership with Nike as official kit supplier from 2020–21 |url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/announcements/381644-liverpool-fc-announces-multi-year-partnership-with-nike-as-official-kit-supplier-from-2020-21 |access-date=January 7, 2020 |publisher=Liverpool Football Club|location=Liverpool}}</ref> and the national teams of Brazil, France, England, Uruguay and the Netherlands among many others.

Nike has been the sponsor for many top ranked tennis players. Brand's commercial success in the sport went hand in hand with the endorsement deals signed with the biggest and the world's most charismatic stars and number one ranked players of the subsequent eras, including [[John McEnroe]] in the 1980s, [[Andre Agassi]] and [[Pete Sampras]] in the 1990s and [[Roger Federer]], [[Rafael Nadal]], [[Serena Williams]] and [[Maria Sharapova]] with the start of the 21st century.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.nike.com/news/the-history-of-nike-tennis |title=The History of Nike Tennis |publisher=Nike |date=August 20, 2015 |access-date=August 19, 2021 }}</ref>

[[File:Tiger Woods June 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Tiger Woods]]]]
Nike sponsored [[Tiger Woods]] until 2024,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-67916788 |title=Tiger Woods and Nike end 27-year partnership |date=January 8, 2024 }}</ref> and remained on his side amid the controversies that shaped the golfer's career.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/06/nike-welcomes-tiger-woods-back-to-the-masters-with-ad-featuring-his-greatest-hits.html|title=Nike welcomes Tiger Woods back to the Masters with ad featuring his greatest hits|last=Handley|first=Lucy|date=April 6, 2018|website=www.cnbc.com|access-date=February 22, 2019}}</ref> In January 2013, Nike signed [[Rory McIlroy]], the then No 1 golfer in the world to a 10-year sponsorship deal worth $250 million.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|author=Tom Fordyce |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/golf/21018786 |title=Rory McIlroy, Nike and the $250m, 10-year sponsorship deal |publisher=BBC |date=January 14, 2013 |access-date=October 3, 2013}}</ref> Nike has also gone on to sign top players in golf including [[Scottie Scheffler]], [[Brooks Koepka]], [[Nelly Korda]], [[Tommy Fleetwood]], [[Tony Finau]] and [[Cam Davis]]. Nike’s 2016 decision to exit the golf equipment business–such as club manufacturing–due to an 8.2% decline sales in one year meant sponsored athletes exclusively wore Nike apparel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Berr |first=Jonathan |date=2016-08-04 |title=Callaway Golf shares score off Nike's market duff - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/will-callaway-score-a-hole-in-one-after-nike-exits-the-golf-business/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's timeline in golf |url=https://www.golfdigest.com/story/nikes-timeline-in-golf |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=Golf Digest |language=en}}</ref>

Nike was the official kit sponsor for the [[Indian cricket team]] from 2005 to 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/30804/team-india-gets-new-nike-odi-kit/ |title=Team India's new NIKE ODI kit |date=October 2010 |publisher=Cricbuzz.com |access-date=October 3, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cricketliveguide.com/2010/09/29/new-nike-odi-team-kit-for-indian-cricket-team/ |title=Indian Cricket team's NIKE ODI kit |publisher=Cricketliveguide.com |date=September 29, 2010 |access-date=October 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005021719/http://www.cricketliveguide.com/2010/09/29/new-nike-odi-team-kit-for-indian-cricket-team/ |archive-date=October 5, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On February 21, 2013, Nike announced it suspended its contract with South African limbless athlete [[Oscar Pistorius]], due to him being charged with [[premeditated murder]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Oscar Pistorius dropped by Nike|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2013/02/21/oscar-pistorius-nike-suspends-contract/1935109/|newspaper=USA Today|access-date=February 21, 2013|first1=Roxanna|last1=Scott|date=February 21, 2013}}</ref>

Nike consolidated its position in basketball in 2015 when it was announced that the company would sign an 8-year deal with the NBA, taking over from the league's previous uniform sponsor, Adidas. The deal required all franchise team members to wear jerseys and shorts with the Swoosh logo, beginning with the 2017/18 season.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/13053413|title=Sources: NBA, Nike have near-$1B apparel deal|date=June 10, 2015|website=ESPN.com|language=en|access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref> After the success of partnership with Jordan, which resulted in the creation of the unique [[Air Jordan]] brand, Nike has continued to build partnership with the biggest names in basketball. LeBron James was given the Slogan "We are All Witnesses" when he signed with Nike. Similar to "Air Jordan", James' brand became massively popular.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fleetwood|first=Nicole R.|title=On Racial Icons: Blackness and the Public Imagination|date=2015|publisher=Rutgers University Press|jstor=j.ctt15sk7t3|isbn=978-0-8135-6515-6|edition=DGO - Digital original}}</ref> Some have had signature shoes designed for them, including [[Kobe Bryant]], [[Jason Kidd]], [[Vince Carter]] and more recently, James and [[Kevin Durant]], [[Giannis Antetokounmpo]], [[Jayson Tatum]], [[Paul George]] and [[Luka Dončić]], among others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lakersnation.com/nike-zoom-kobe-4-protro-white-del-sol-pop-returns-may-24-on-snkrs/2019/05/23/|title=Nike Zoom Kobe 4 Protro 'White/Del Sol' POP Returns May 24 On SNKRS|date=May 23, 2019|website=Lakers Nation|language=en-US|access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sneakernews.com/2019/03/07/vince-carter-nike-shox-bb4-raptors-pe/|title=Vince Carter Nike Shox BB4 Raptors PE {{!}} SneakerNews.com|date=March 7, 2019|website=Sneaker News|language=en-US|access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hypebeast.com/2019/5/nike-lebron-james-16-hot-lava-release|title=Nike Unleashes "Hot Lava" LeBron 16s|website=HYPEBEAST|date=May 20, 2019|access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.si.com/nba/2019/03/15/kevin-durant-nike-kd12-signature-sneaker-first-look|title=Kevin Durant unveils Nike KD 12|website=SI.com|date=March 15, 2019 |language=en|access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.sbnation.com/2017/11/7/16618964/giannis-antetokounmpo-nike-sneaker-deal-nba/ | title=Giannis Antetokounmpo re-signs with Nike for a 'long-term partnership' | date=November 7, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.si.com/nba/2018/11/15/paul-george-nike-basketball-signature-thunder-pacers|title=The story behind Paul George's signature sneaker|website=SI.com|date=November 15, 2018 |language=en|access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref>

Nike recently made signature shoes for WNBA stars as well, as the leagues popularity takes off. Although a dozen women have received signature sneakers in the WNBA's 27-year history, it had been over a decade since a woman had received a signature sneaker. Nike's first signature shoe in the WNBA was with [[Sheryl Swoopes|Sheryl Swoops]], and since then they have made signature silhouettes for [[Lisa Leslie]], [[Dawn Staley]], [[Cynthia Cooper-Dyke|Cynthia Cooper]], and most recently for [[Sabrina Ionescu]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vlahos |first=Nicholas |date=25 April 2024 |title=Every WNBA Player Who's Had a Signature Sneaker |url=https://www.soleretriever.com/news/articles/every-wnba-player-with-a-signature-sneaker#Sheryl-Swoopes---Nike-Air-Swoopes-(1995-2002) |access-date=31 May 2024 |website=[[Sole Retriever]]}}</ref> [[Caitlin Clark]] will also receive a signature shoe deal as part of her eight-year, 28 million dollar deal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vlahos |first=Nicholas |date=23 April 2024 |title=Caitlin Clark Will Get a Signature Nike Sneaker |url=https://www.soleretriever.com/news/articles/caitlin-clark-signature-nike-sneaker-eight-figure-endorsement-deal-april-2024 |access-date=31 May 2024 |website=[[Sole Retriever]]}}</ref>

A news report originating from CNN reported that Nike spent $11.5 billion, nearly a third of its sales, on marketing and endorsement contracts in the year 2018. Nike and its Jordan brand sponsored 85 men's and women's basketball teams in the NCAA tournament.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nike stocks fall after basketball prodigy touted as the 'next LeBron James' blows out his sneaker |url=https://finance.nine.com.au/2019/02/22/05/44/zion-williams-injury-nike-stocks-fall-after-basketball-prodigys-sneaker-explodes |website=nine.come. au |access-date=February 21, 2019}}</ref>

==Ties with the University of Oregon==
{{See also|Nike and the University of Oregon}}
Nike maintains strong ties, both directly and through partnerships with [[Phil Knight]], with the [[University of Oregon]].<ref name="Alger" /> Nike designs the University of Oregon football program's team attire.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Coaston|first=Jane|date=August 10, 2020|title=The Big Ten and Pac-12 postponed the college football season. Here's how we got here.|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/8/10/21355857/college-football-coronavirus-explained|access-date=August 31, 2020|website=Vox|language=en}}</ref> New unique combinations are issued before every game day.<ref name="Alger">{{cite news|last1=Alger|first1=Tyson|title=Oregon Ducks add orange to their Nike uniform repertoire for Colorado game|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/index.ssf/2016/09/oregon_ducks_add_orange_to_the.html|access-date=June 7, 2017|newspaper=The Oregonian}}</ref> [[Tinker Hatfield]], who also redesigned the university's logo, leads this effort.<ref name="Knight, and Tinker Hatfield">{{cite news|last1=Peter|first1=Josh|title=Behind Oregon's (Phil) Knight in shining armor|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ncaaf/pac12/2014/12/29/oregon-nike-phil-knight-college-football-playoff/21013009/|access-date=June 7, 2017|newspaper=USA Today}}</ref>

More recently, the corporation donated $13.5 million towards the renovation and expansion of [[Hayward Field]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Germano|first1=Sara|title=Nike Pledges $13.5 Million to Help Renovate University of Oregon Track Facilities|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/nike-pledges-13-5-million-to-help-renovate-university-of-oregon-track-facilities-1452022519|access-date=June 7, 2017|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref>

Phil Knight has invested substantial personal funds towards developing and maintaining the university's athletic apparatus.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bishop |first1=Greg |title=Oregon Embraces 'University of Nike' Image |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/03/sports/ncaafootball/oregon-football-complex-is-glittering-monument-to-ducks-ambitions.html |work=The New York Times |date=2 August 2013 }}</ref> His university projects often involve input from Nike designers and executives, such as [[Tinker Hatfield]].<ref name="Knight, and Tinker Hatfield" />

==Causes==
In 2012, Nike is listed as a partner of the [[Product Red|(PRODUCT)RED]] campaign together with other brands such as [[Girl Distribution Company|Girl]], [[American Express]], and [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse]]. The campaign's mission is to prevent the transmission of [[HIV and pregnancy|HIV from mother to child]]. The campaign's byline is "Fighting For An AIDS Free Generation". The company's goal is to raise and send funds, for education and medical assistance to those who live in [[Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS|areas heavily affected by AIDS]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.nike.com/news/nike-and-red%E2%84%A2-unite|title=(RED) Partners|year=2012|work=(RED)|publisher=(RED), a division of The ONE Campaign|access-date=October 13, 2012}}</ref> In 2023, Nike became the presenting sponsor of [[Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities]], which encourages youth in underserved communities to participate in baseball and softball.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mlb.com/news/nike-becomes-presenting-sponsor-of-rbi-program | title=Nike becomes presenting sponsor of RBI Program | website=[[MLB.com]] }}</ref>

== Program ==
The Nike Community Ambassador Program, allows Nike employees from around the world to go out and give to their community. Over 3,900 employees from various Nike stores have participated in teaching children to be active and healthy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://communityimpact.nike.com/nca|title=Nike Community Ambassadors {{!}} Nike Global Community Impact|website=Nike Global Community Impact|access-date=September 27, 2017}}</ref>

== Research ==
In 2016, a study done by RTG Consulting Group reflected that Nike was the 3rd most relevant brand for [[Generation Z|Gen-Z]] in [[China]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 10 brands most relevant to China's Gen-Z[1]- Chinadaily.com.cn |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016top10/2016-09/07/content_26720784.htm |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Casey |date=2016-08-19 |title=Apple, Nike and Adidas Win Over China's Generation Y and Z |url=https://wwd.com/feature/apple-nike-and-adidas-win-over-chinas-generation-y-and-z-10510775/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=WWD |language=en-US}}</ref>

Roth MKM's 2023 [[Millennials|Millennial]] survey reported in March that millennials with health and wellness concerns in the aftermath of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|pandemic]] ranked brands like Nike, [[Adidas]] and [[Lululemon Athletica|Lululemon]]<ref name="sgbonline.com">{{Cite web |title=Report: Nike, Adidas And Lululemon Top Millennials' Favorite Athletic Brands {{!}} SGB Media Online |url=https://sgbonline.com/report-nike-adidas-and-lululemon-top-millennials-favorite-athletic-brands/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=sgbonline.com}}</ref> as their preferred brands for purchases.<ref name="sgbonline.com"/>

In January 2023, a study by [[Rakuten]] concluded that Nike was the [[Search engine|most popular]] [[sportswear]] brand in the US, followed by Lululemon and Adidas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lockwood |first=Lisa |date=2023-01-09 |title=Nike Most Popular Sportswear Brand in the U.S., Followed by Lululemon and Adidas, Per Rakuten Study |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/nike-popular-sports-brand-us-rakuten-1235463268/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=WWD |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Brown |date=2023-07-28 |title=Shark Week's top advertisers—and more from iSpot, Kantar, Amazon, Nike: Datacenter Weekly |url=https://adage.com/article/datacenter/shark-weeks-top-advertisers-and-more-ispot-kantar-amazon-nike-datacenter-weekly/2507236 |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=Ad Age |language=en}}</ref>

In July 2023, a study by [[Kantar Group|Kantar]] found that Americans consider Nike as the Most Inclusive Brands (alongside other top brands like [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], and [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kantar launches the Brand Inclusion Index and finds Americans consider Nike, Amazon, and Disney as the Most Inclusive Brands |url=https://www.kantar.com/north-america/company-news/kantar-launches-the-brand-inclusion-index |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=www.kantar.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Human resources ==
In January 2026, Nike laid off 775 employees primarily from distribution centres in Tennessee and Mississippi, as it looks to automate processes and boost profits.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-27 |title=Nike slashes 775 jobs in US to speed up automation, boost profit |url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/consumer-healthcare/nike-slashes-775-jobs-us-speed-automation-boost-profit |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=The Business Times |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Bruce Brenn]]
* [[Dick Donahue]]
* [[Nike timeline]]
* [[Breaking2]] – A project by Nike to break the 2 hour marathon barrier.
* [[List of companies based in Oregon]]
{{Portal bar|Companies|Oregon|United States}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite news |last1=Egan |first1=Timothy |title=The Swoon of the Swoosh |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/13/magazine/the-swoon-of-the-swoosh.html |work=The New York Times |date=13 September 1998 }}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
{{Finance links
| name = Nike, Inc.
| symbol = NKE
| sec_cik = 320187
| yahoo = NKE
| google = NKE:NYSE
}}

{{Nike}}
{{Sports equipment brands}}
{{Running Shoe Brands}}
{{Competitive swimwear}}
{{Dow Jones Industrial Average companies}}
{{S&P 500 companies}}
{{ORCompanies}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:1964 establishments in Oregon]]
[[Category:1970s fashion]]
[[Category:1980s fashion]]
[[Category:1990s fashion]]
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[[Category:Nike brands|*]]
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Docudrama

2026-03-16T13:50:26Z

Rkrakeshboro: Improved article clarity and structure

{{Short description|Genre featuring dramatized historical re-enactments}}
{{Distinguish|docufiction}}

'''Docudrama''' (or '''documentary drama''') is a [[genre]] of [[television show|television]] and [[feature film|film]] which features [[Drama (film and television)|dramatized]] [[Historical reenactment|re-enactment]]s of actual events.<ref name="museum" /> It is described as a hybrid of documentary and drama and "a fact-based representation of real event".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ogunleye |first=Foluke |date=2005 |title=Television Docudrama as Alternative Records of History |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20065757 |journal=History in Africa |volume=32 |pages=479–484 |doi=10.1353/hia.2005.0019 |jstor=20065757 |s2cid=162322739 |issn=0361-5413|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Docudramas typically strive to adhere to known historical facts, while allowing some degree of [[Artistic license|dramatic license]] in peripheral details, such as when there are gaps in the historical record. [[Dialogue]] may, or may not, include the actual words of [[Reality|real-life]] people, as recorded in historical documents. Docudrama producers sometimes choose to film their reconstructed events in the actual locations in which the historical events occurred.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}

A docudrama, in which historical fidelity is the keynote, is generally distinguished from a film merely "[[List of films based on actual events|based on true events]]", a term which implies a greater degree of dramatic license, and from the concepts of [[historical drama]], a broader category which may also incorporate entirely fictionalized events intermixed with factual ones, and [[historical fiction]], stories generally featuring fictional characters and plots taking place in historical settings or against the backdrop of historical events.

As a [[portmanteau]], ''docudrama'' is sometimes confused with ''[[docufiction]]''. However, unlike docufiction—which is essentially a [[Documentary film|documentary]] filmed in [[Real time (media)|real time]], incorporating some fictional elements—docudrama is filmed at a time subsequent to the events portrayed.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}

== Characteristics ==
The docudrama genre is a reenactment of actual historical events.<ref name="museum">{{cite web |url= http://www.museum.tv/eotvsection.php?entrycode=docudrama |title= Docudrama |publisher= The Museums of Broadcast Communications |access-date= 28 June 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120812200057/http://www.museum.tv/eotvsection.php?entrycode=docudrama |archive-date= 2012-08-12 |url-status= dead }}</ref> However it makes no promise of being entirely accurate in its interpretation.<ref name="museum" /> It blends fact and fiction for its recreation and its quality depends on factors like budget and production time.{{sfn|Hoffer|Nelson|1978|p=21}} The filmmaker [[Leslie Woodhead]] presents the docudrama dilemma in the following manner:

{{Blockquote|[instead of hunting for definitions] I think it much more useful to think of the form as a spectrum that runs from journalistic reconstruction to relevant drama with infinite graduations along the way. In its various mutation it's employed by investigative journalists, documentary feature makers, and imaginative dramatists. So we shouldn't be surprised when programs as various as ''[[Culloden (film)|Culloden]]'' and ''[[Oppenheimer (TV series)|Oppenheimer]]'' or ''Suez'', or Cabinet reconstructions refuse tidy and comprehensive definition.{{sfn|Rosenthal|1999|p=xv}}}}

Docudramas producers use literary and narrative techniques to flesh out the bare facts of an event in history to tell a story. Some degree of license is often taken with minor historical facts for the sake of enhancing the drama. Docudramas are distinct from historical fiction, in which the historical setting is a mere backdrop for a plot involving fictional characters.<ref name="museum" />

The scholar Steven N. Lipkin considers docudrama as a form of performance through recollection which in turn shapes our collective memory of past events. It is a mode of representation.{{sfn|Lipkin|2011|pp=1-2}} Educator Benicia D'sa maintained that docudramas are heavily impacted by filmmakers' own perspectives and understanding of history.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=D'sa |first=Benicia |date=2005-01-01 |title=Social Studies in the Dark: Using Docudramas to Teach History |url=https://doi.org/10.3200/TSSS.96.1.9-13 |journal=The Social Studies |volume=96 |issue=1 |pages=9–13 |doi=10.3200/TSSS.96.1.9-13 |s2cid=144165650 |issn=0037-7996|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== History ==
The impulse to incorporate historical material into literary texts has been an intermittent feature of literature in the west since its earliest days. [[Aristotle]]'s theory of art is based on the use of putatively historical events and characters. Especially after the development of modern mass-produced literature, there have been genres that relied on history or then-current events for material. English [[Renaissance]] drama, for example, developed subgenres specifically devoted to dramatizing recent murders and notorious cases of [[witchcraft]].

However, docudrama as a separate category belongs to the second half of the twentieth century. [[Louis de Rochemont]], creator of ''[[The March of Time]]'', became a producer at [[20th Century Fox]] in 1943.<ref name="Aitken">{{cite book |editor-last1=Aitken |editor-first1=Ian |title=The Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of the Documentary Film |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136512063 |pages=767–768 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ay5rIWCXlLsC&pg=PA767}}</ref> There he brought the [[newsreel]] aesthetic to films, producing a series of movies based upon real events using a realistic style that became known as [[semidocumentary]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schauer |first1=Bradley |title=Escape Velocity: American Science Fiction Film, 1950–1982 |date=2017 |publisher=Wesleyan University Press |isbn=9780819576606 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q1aoDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA42}}</ref> The films (''[[The House on 92nd Street]]'', ''[[Boomerang (1947 film)|Boomerang]]'', ''[[13 Rue Madeleine]]'') were imitated,<ref name="Aitken" /> and the style soon became used even for completely-fictional stories, such as ''[[The Naked City]]''.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Krutnik |editor1-first=Frank |editor2-last=Neale |editor2-first=Steve |editor3-last=Neve |editor3-first=Brian |editor4-last=Stanfield |editor4-first=Peter |title="Un-American" Hollywood: Politics and Film in the Blacklist Era |date=2007 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=9780813541983 |page=143 |edition=Illustrated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NubM5xfHhoIC&pg=PA143}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Spicer |first1=Andrew |title=Film Noir |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317875031 |page=57 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fCapDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57}}</ref> Perhaps the most significant of the semidocumentary films was ''[[He Walked by Night]]'' (1948), based upon an [[Erwin Walker|actual case]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Krutnik |first1=Frank |title=In a Lonely Street: Film Noir, Genre, Masculinity |date=2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781134973187 |page=206 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UWyIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA206}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sanders |first1=Steven |last2=Skoble |first2=Aeon J. |title=The Philosophy of TV Noir |date=2021 |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=9780813181561 |page=55 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jAQaEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT55}}</ref> [[Jack Webb]] had a supporting role in the movie and struck up a friendship with the [[Los Angeles Police Department|LAPD]] consultant, Sergeant Marty Wynn. The film and his relationship with Wynn inspired Webb to create ''[[Dragnet (series)|Dragnet]]'',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nickerson |first1=Catherine Ross |title=The Cambridge Companion to American Crime Fiction |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521136068 |page=102 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlkUqB7wYpsC&pg=PA102}}</ref> one of the most famous docudramas in history.

The particular [[portmanteau]] term "docudrama" was coined in 1957 by Philip C. Lewis (1904–1979), of [[Tenafly, New Jersey]], a former [[vaudeville|vaudevillian]] and stage actor turned playwright and author,<ref>{{cite news |title=Philip C. Lewis, 75, dramatist, writer for various media |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76045979/obituary-for-philip-c-lewis-aged-75/ |access-date=25 June 2022 |work=The Bergen Record |date=5 September 1979}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Philip C. Lewis, Writer For Film, Radio and TV |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/06/archives/philip-c-lewis-writer-for-film-radio-and-tv.html |access-date=25 June 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=6 September 1979}}</ref> in connection with a production he wrote, in response to the defeat of a local school-funding referendum, for the Tenafly Citizens' Education Council addressing "the development of education and its significance in American life."<ref>{{cite web |title=docudrama (n.) |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/docudrama |website=Online Etymology Dictionary |publisher=Douglas Harper |access-date=25 June 2022}}</ref> Lewis trademarked the term "DocuDrama" in 1967 (expired, 1992) for a production company of the same name.<ref>{{cite web |title=DOCUDRAMA - Trademark Information |url=https://www.trademarkelite.com/trademark/trademark-detail/72264942/DOCUDRAMA |website=Trademark Elite |access-date=25 June 2022}}</ref>

The influence of [[New Journalism]] tended to create a license for authors to treat with literary techniques material that might in an earlier age have been approached in a purely journalistic way. Both [[Truman Capote]] and [[Norman Mailer]] were influenced by this movement, and Capote's ''[[In Cold Blood]]'' is arguably the most famous example of the genre.{{sfn|Siegle|1984|pp=437-451}}

Some docudrama examples for [[American television]] include ''[[Brian's Song]]'' (1971), and ''[[Roots (1977 miniseries)|Roots]]'' (1977). ''Brian's Song'' is the biography of [[Brian Piccolo]], a Chicago Bears football player who died at a young age after battling cancer. ''Roots'' depicts the life of a slave and his family.<ref name="museum" />

== See also ==
* [[Docufiction]]
* [[Mockumentary]]
* [[Pseudo-documentary]]
* [[Semidocumentary]]
* [[Dramality]]
* [[Ethnofiction]]
* [[Fly on the wall]]
* [[Factual television]]
* [[Reality television]]
* [[Peter Watkins]], a pioneer of docudrama
* [[List of historical drama films]]
* [[List of Asian historical drama films]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
*{{cite journal |last1=Hoffer |first1=Tom W. |last2=Nelson |first2=Richard Alan |title=Docudrama on American TV |journal=Journal of the University Film Association |date=Spring 1978 |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=21–27 |jstor=20687422 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20687422}}
*{{cite book |last1=Lipkin |first1=Steven N. |title=Docudrama Performs the Past: Arenas of Argument in Films based on True Stories |date=2011 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=9781443827874 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AaUnBwAAQBAJ}}
*{{cite book|title=Why Docudrama?: Fact-Fiction on Film and TV |first=Alan |last=Rosenthal |publisher=Southern Illinois Press |location=Carbondale & Edwardsville |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-8093-2186-5 }}
*{{cite journal |last=Siegle |first=Robert |title=Capote's Hand-Carved Coffins and the Nonfiction Novel |journal=Contemporary Literature |volume=25 |year=1984 |issue=4 |pages=437–451 |doi=10.2307/1208055|jstor=1208055 }}

== Further reading ==
*{{cite book |last=Duarte |first=German A. |year=2009 |title=La scomparsa dell'orologio universale. [[Peter Watkins]] e i mass media audiovisivi |place=Milan |publisher=Mimesis Edizioni |isbn=978-8857501222 }}
*{{cite book |last=Duarte |first=German A. |year=2016 |url=https://www.academia.edu/28664888 |title=Conversations With Peter Watkins/Conversaciones con Peter Watkins |place=Bogotà |publisher=UTADEO PRESS |isbn=978-958-725-195-1 }}
* Goodwin, Andrew, et al. ''Drama-Documentary''. London: British Film Institute, 1983.
*{{cite book |last=Hellmann |first=John |year=1981 |title=Fables of Fact: The New Journalism as New Fiction |url=https://archive.org/details/fablesoffactnew00hell |url-access=registration |place=Urbana |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=0252008472 }}
*{{cite book |last=Kazin |first=Alfred |year=1973 |title=Bright Book of Life: American Hot Dogs and Storytellers from Hemingway to Mailer |place=Boston |publisher=Little, Brown |isbn=0316484180 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/brightbookoflife00kazi }}
*{{cite book|title=Real Emotional Logic: Film and Television Docudrama As Persuasive Practice |editor1-last=Lipkin |editor1-first=Steven N. |publisher=Southern Illinois Press |location=Carbondale |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8093-2409-5 }}
*{{cite book |last=Lukács |first=György |author-link=György Lukács |editor1-first=Hannah |editor2-last=Mitchell |editor2-first=Stanley |editor1-last=Mitchell |year=1962 |title=The Historical Novel |place=London |publisher=Merlin Press }}
*{{cite book |title=No Other Way to Tell It: Dramadoc/docudrama on television |last=Paget |first=Derek |publisher=Manchester University Press |place=Manchester |edition=2nd |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7190-8446-1 }}
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Rhodes |editor1-first=Gary Don |editor2-last=Springer |editor2-first=John Parris |year=2006 |title=Docufictions: Essays on the intersection of documentary and fictional filmmaking |place=London |publisher=McFarland & Co. |isbn=978-0-7864-2184-8 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Roscoe |first1=Jane |last2=Hight |first2=Craig |year=2001 |title=Faking it: Mock-documentary and the subversion of factuality |publisher=Manchester University Press |place=Manchester |isbn=978-0-7190-5641-3 }}
*{{cite book|title=Writing Docudrama: dramatizing reality for film and TV |first=Alan |last=Rosenthal |publisher=Focal Press |location=Boston, Mass. |year=1995 |isbn=0240801954 }}
*{{cite journal |last=Stavreva |first=Kirilka |title=Fighting Words: Witch-speak in Late Elizabethan Docu-fiction |journal=Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies |volume=30 |year=2000 |issue=2 |pages=309–338 |doi=10.1215/10829636-30-2-309|s2cid=170650915 }}
*{{cite book |last=White |first=Hayden |author-link=Hayden White |year=1978 |title=Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism |url=https://archive.org/details/tropicsofdiscour00hayd |url-access=registration |place=Baltimore |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=0801821274 }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Docudramas}}
*[http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/1103146/index.html British Film Institute paper on British drama-documentary]
*[http://www.sadibey.com/dosyalar/Gerekli_Seyler/Documentary_Genres.doc Docudrama: the real (his)tory] by Çiçek Coşkun (Middle East Technical University, Department of Sociology): unpublished academic paper
*[http://www.bookrags.com/research/docudrama-sjpc-01/ Docudrama] at BookRags

{{Film genres}}

[[Category:Docudramas| ]]
[[Category:Documentary film genres]]
[[Category:Drama genres]]
[[Category:Film genres]]
[[Category:Non-fiction genres]]
[[Category:Television genres]]
[[Category:Films based on actual events| Docudrama]]

Palestinian tunnel warfare in the Gaza Strip

2026-03-14T02:07:19Z

Rkrakeshboro: basic enhance lead for consistency after review

{{Short description|Use of tunnels for military operations in the Gaza Strip}}
{{Distinguish|Gaza Strip smuggling tunnels}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
[[File:IDF Soldiers Uncover Tunnels in Gaza (14513059999).jpg|300px|thumbnail|right|An Israeli soldier overlooking an uncovered Palestinian tunnel in the [[Gaza Strip]] during [[2014 Gaza War]]]]

A vast network of underground tunnels used for [[tunnel warfare|warfare]] and to avoid Israeli airstrikes exists in the [[Gaza Strip]]. This infrastructure runs throughout the Gaza Strip and towards [[Egypt]] and [[Israel]], and has been developed by [[Hamas]] and other [[Palestinian political violence|Palestinian military organizations]] to facilitate the storing and shielding of weapons; the gathering and moving of fighters, including for training and communication purposes; the launching of offensive attacks against Israel; and the transportation of Israeli hostages. On several occasions, Palestinian militants have also used this tunnel network, which is colloquially referred to as the '''Gaza metro''',<ref>{{cite web |date=28 October 2023 |title=The 'Gaza metro': The mysterious subterranean tunnel network used by Hamas |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/10/28/middleeast/hamas-tunnels-gaza-intl/index.html |first=Joshua |last=Berlinger |access-date=17 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=28 October 2023 |title=Israel targets Hamas' subterranean city but 'wicked problem' is… 'Gaza metro' |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/israel-hamas-war-israel-targets-hamas-key-subterranean-city-but-wicked-problem-is-101698501647547.html}}</ref><ref name="themetro" />‌ to infiltrate Israel and Egypt while masking their presence and activities within the Gaza Strip itself. According to Iranian military officer Hassan Hassanzadeh, who commands the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]] from [[Tehran]], the Gaza Strip's tunnels run for more than {{convert|500|km|mi}} throughout the territory.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.iranintl.com/202311022613 | title=فرمانده سپاه تهران: مردم غزه بیش از ۵۰۰ کیلومتر تونل دارند و در آن سلاح ذخیره کردند | date=27 April 2024 }}</ref>

== Size and dimensions ==
The total size and dimensions of the Palestinian tunnel network in the [[Gaza Strip]] is unknown, with all parties involved keeping the details classified.{{sfn|Haddad|2018|p=71}}{{Sfn|Filiu|2014|p=323}}{{sfn|Slesinger|2018|p=7}} In 2016, [[Ismail Haniyeh]], the former [[Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority|prime minister of the Palestinian National Authority]] and later [[Hamas government in the Gaza Strip|Chairman of the Hamas Government]], indicated that the tunnel network was double the size of the [[Củ Chi tunnels]], which were developed by the [[Viet Cong]] during the [[Vietnam War]].{{sfn|Haddad|2018|p=71}} Citing a private briefing in February 2015, [[Daniel Rubinstein]] wrote that [[Israel]] discovered {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=}} of tunnels during the [[2014 Gaza War]], one-third of which intruded upon Israeli territory;{{sfn|Rubenstein|2015|p=127}} [[Ynet]]'s Alex Fishman reported the same figure in 2017.<ref name="Fishman2017">{{Cite news |last=Fishman |first=Alex |date=7 March 2017 |title=What is Israel doing about the Gaza tunnels today? |work=[[Ynet]] |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4931788,00.html |url-status=live |access-date=14 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307161438/https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0%2C7340%2CL-4931788%2C00.html |archive-date=7 March 2017}}</ref> [[Haaretz]] reporter Yaniv Kubovich reported in June 2021 that Hamas had constructed "hundreds of kilometers of tunnels the length and breadth of the Gaza Strip" after some of them were damaged during [[Operation Guardian of the Walls]].<ref name="Kubovich20210616">{{cite news |last1=Kubovich |first1=Yaniv |title=Israeli Oversight Lets Hamas Build Tunnels, New Reports Reveal |url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/2021-06-16/ty-article/.premium/israels-neglect-enabled-construction-of-hamas-tunnels-new-reports-reveal/0000017f-e968-df5f-a17f-fbfe609d0000 |work=Haaretz |date=16 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127023919/https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/2021-06-16/ty-article/.premium/israels-neglect-enabled-construction-of-hamas-tunnels-new-reports-reveal/0000017f-e968-df5f-a17f-fbfe609d0000 |archive-date=27 January 2023}}</ref>

[[File:Illustration to IDF operation to thwart Hamas' metro project, May 2021.webm|thumb|Animation by the [[Israel Defense Forces]] depicting an aspect of the Gazan tunnel network used primarily by [[Hamas]], 2021]]
The tunnel system runs beneath many Gazan towns and cities, such as [[Khan Yunis]], [[Jabalia]] and the [[Al-Shati (camp)|Shati refugee camp]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Piven|first=Ben|title=Gaza's underground: A vast tunnel network that empowers Hamas|agency=Al Jazeera America|access-date=29 July 2014|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/7/23/gaza-undergroundhamastunnels.html|date=23 July 2014|archive-date=27 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727092706/http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/7/23/gaza-undergroundhamastunnels.html}}</ref> Typically, tunnel access points are hidden inside buildings, such as private homes or mosques, or [[camouflage]]d by brush, which impedes their detection via aerial imaging or drones.{{sfn|Weizman|2007|p=255}}{{sfn|Slesinger|2018|p=14}} According to [[Eyal Weizman]], "most tunnels have several access points and routes, starting in several homes or in chicken coops, joining together into a main route, and then branching off again into several separate passages leading into buildings on the other side."{{sfn|Weizman|2007|p=255}} During the 2014 Gaza War the IDF encountered "complex tunnels, with a number of entry and exit shafts", and "[t]he main tunnel was often split, and sometimes there were parallel routes."{{sfn|Shapir|Perel|2014|p=53}} The tunnels are usually {{convert|20|to|30|m|ft|abbr=on}} beneath the surface.{{sfn|Shapir|Perel|2014|p=54}}{{sfn|Slesinger|2018|p=15}} On average, each tunnel is approximately {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}} high by {{convert|1|m|ft|abbr=on}} wide, and equipped with lights, electricity, and sometimes tracks for transporting materials.{{sfn|Slesinger|2018|p=14}} The tunnels are often booby trapped with [[improvised explosive devices]].{{sfn|Slesinger|2018|p=14}}

An IDF engineering officer tasked with locating tunnels told ''Haaretz'' that three tunnels discovered in 2013 opened the Israelis' eyes to proportions of the network.<ref name=Harel-Cohen2014>{{Cite news |title=Haaretz Probe: IDF Lacked Training, Equipment to Tackle Tunnels in Gaza War |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2014-10-17/ty-article/.premium/idf-lacked-training-equipment-to-tackle-tunnels-in-gaza-war/0000017f-e0f7-d568-ad7f-f3ff0fbe0000 |last1=Harel |first1=Amos |date=17 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006195602/https://www.haaretz.com/2014-10-17/ty-article/.premium/idf-lacked-training-equipment-to-tackle-tunnels-in-gaza-war/0000017f-e0f7-d568-ad7f-f3ff0fbe0000 |archive-date=6 October 2022 |url-status=live |work=[[Haaretz]] |last2=Cohen |first2=Gili}}</ref> The engineering officer described "wide tunnels, with internal communication systems that had been dug deep beneath the surface and the sides were reinforced with layers of concrete" in which "[y]ou could walk upright in them without any difficulty."<ref name=Harel-Cohen2014/> An Israeli army spokesman said that the tunnel system is "like the Underground, the Metro, or the subway."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Scores dead in first major ground battle in Gaza |url=https://apnews.com/article/9733846b4deb4ae2a396c94bd89b6b7a |last1=Laub |first1=Karin |date=20 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015223719/https://apnews.com/article/9733846b4deb4ae2a396c94bd89b6b7a |archive-date=15 October 2023 |url-status=live |work=[[Associated Press]] |last2=Goldenberg |first2=Tia}}</ref>

The UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) for Palestine refugees reported in November 2022 that it found a tunnel underneath an elementary school operated by the agency.<ref name="UNRWA2022">{{cite news |title=UNRWA Strongly Condemns Neutrality Breach Against the Agency in Gaza – Statement |url=https://www.un.org/unispal/document/unrwa-strongly-condemns-neutrality-breach-against-the-agency-in-gaza-statement/ |agency=United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) |date=29 November 2022}}</ref> "The Agency protested strongly to the relevant authorities in Gaza to express outrage and condemnation of the presence of such a structure underneath one of its installations", which it complained was "a serious violation of the Agency's neutrality and a breach of international law" that "exposes children and Agency staff to significant security and safety risks."<ref name="UNRWA2022"/> The UNRWA said in a statement that the agency had "cordoned off the area and swiftly took the necessary measures to render the school safe, including permanently sealing the cavity."<ref name="UNRWA2022"/>

Hamas released the 85-year-old [[Yocheved Lifshitz]] on 24 October 2023, who had been taken hostage during the [[October 7 attacks]]. Lifshitz described walking for two to three hours through damp tunnels until she and other hostages reached a large hall. Lifshitz told reporters that Hamas has a "huge network" of tunnels that resembled a "spiderweb." According to Lifshitz, Hamas had prepared clean rooms with mattresses on the ground and the hostages received regular visits from doctors in their underground positions.<ref name=WaPoSpiderweb>{{Cite news |last1=Sieff |first1=Kevin |last2=Tarnopolsky |first2=Noga |last3=Adam |first3=Karla |date=24 October 2023 |title=Released Hamas hostage was held in 'spiderweb' of damp tunnels under Gaza |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/24/israel-hamas-hostage-released-testimony/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024221606/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/24/israel-hamas-hostage-released-testimony/ |archive-date=24 October 2023}}</ref>

===Largest tunnels===
The largest known tunnel was discovered by the IDF on 17 December 2023, during the [[Gaza war]]. The tunnel has several branches and junctions, along with plumbing, electricity and communication lines. The largest of the branches discovered had a length of approximately four kilometers and goes down to a depth of 50 meters underground in some areas. The tunnel was wide enough for vehicles to travel inside. IDF also captured footage of the tunnel's construction which was released to the internet and showed Hamas using tunnel-boring machines.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fabian |first1=Emanuel |title=IDF uncovers largest-ever Hamas attack tunnel, near northern Gaza border crossing |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-uncovers-largest-ever-hamas-attack-tunnel-near-northern-gaza-border-crossing/ |access-date=17 December 2023 |work=Times of Israel |date=17 December 2023}}</ref> The tunnel was discovered a quarter of a mile from a border crossing, and was described by Israel as designed for "moving massive assets." In one video shown to journalists, [[Yahya Sinwar]]'s brother [[Mohammad Sinwar]] is seen driving a car through what Israel described as the tunnel.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lieber |first=Dov |title=Israeli Military Reveals Tunnel It Says Hamas Built for Large-Scale Attack |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israeli-military-reveals-tunnel-it-says-hamas-built-for-large-scale-attack-934b3bf8 |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=WSJ |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Origins and construction==
[[File:IDF Soldiers Uncover Tunnels in Gaza (14696537151).jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|Photograph of a Palestinian tunnel shaft uncovered by the Israeli military during [[2014 Gaza War|Operation Protective Edge]], 2014]]
The tunnel network used for warfare purposes has its origins in the smuggling tunnels connecting the Gaza Strip to [[Egypt]].{{sfn|Pelham|2012|pp=8–13}}{{sfn|Black|2017|loc=Ch. 25: 2009–2014}}<ref name="Verini">{{cite news |last=Verini |first=James |date=21 July 2014 |title=Gaza's Tunnels, Now Used to Attack Israel, Began as Economic Lifelines |work=[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]] |publisher=[[National Geographic Society]] |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/07/140721-gaza-strip-tunnels-israel-hamas-palestinians/ |url-status=dead |access-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808033407/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/07/140721-gaza-strip-tunnels-israel-hamas-palestinians/ |archive-date=8 August 2014 }}</ref> Tunnels have connected the Egyptian and Gazan sides of [[Rafah]] since the early 1980s, when the [[Philadelphi Route]] artificially divided the city.{{Sfn|Pelham|2012|p=7}}{{Sfn|Weizman|2007|p=254}}<ref name="Verini" /> These tunnels grew in size, sophistication, and importance as a result of the Egyptian and Israeli [[Blockade of the Gaza Strip|economic blockade]] in 2007.{{Sfn|Pelham|2012|p=8-10}}<ref name="Verini" />

The implementation of the tunnel network was reportedly coordinated under the direction of [[Mohammed Deif]], leader of [[Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades|Al-Qassam Brigades]]; and before that, [[Ahmed Jabari]], formerly the head of operations for the Brigades before being killed by the IDF.{{Sfn|Watkins|James|2016|p=92}}

The tunnels into Israel were constructed using the expertise of the Rafah families who have specialized in digging tunnels into Egypt for commerce and smuggling.<ref>{{cite news|first=Anshel|last=Pfeffer|url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.606903|title=Hamas is losing on the battlefield but hitting Israel where it hurts|work=[[Haaretz]]|date=24 July 2014|access-date=29 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730182847/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.606903|archive-date=30 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Eado Hecht, an Israeli defence analyst specialising in underground warfare, "[T]hese underground complexes are fairly similar in concept to the Viet Cong tunnels dug beneath the jungles of South Vietnam, though the quality of finishing is better, with concrete walls and roofs, electricity and other required amenities for lengthy sojourn."<ref name=BBCVietCong>{{cite news|last1=Hecht|first1=Eado|title=Gaza: How Hamas tunnel network grew|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28430298|access-date=7 September 2014|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=22 July 2014|archive-date=12 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912225217/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28430298|quote=These underground complexes are fairly similar in concept to the Viet Cong tunnels dug beneath the jungles of South Vietnam, though the quality of finishing is better, with concrete walls and roofs, electricity and other required amenities for lengthy sojourn.}}</ref>

The Israeli military has provided estimates in 2014 that Hamas spent around $30 to $90 million, and poured 600,000 tons of concrete, in order to build three dozen tunnels.<ref>{{cite news|date=27 July 2014|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-07-27/secret-tunnels-under-israel-reveal-intricate-threat-from-gaza#p2|title=Secret Tunnels Under Israel Reveal Threat From Gaza|author=Calev Ben-David|work=[[Newsweek]]/[[BusinessWeek]]|access-date=28 July 2014|archive-date=10 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210061950/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-07-27/secret-tunnels-under-israel-reveal-intricate-threat-from-gaza#p2}}</ref><ref>Fitch, Asa, Rory Jones and Adam Entous. "Early Failure to Detect Gaza Tunnel Network Triggers Recriminations in Israel: Israel Estimates Gaza Tunnels Cost Hamas $90 Million to Build." ''The Wall Street Journal''. 10 August 2014.</ref> Some tunnels were estimated to have cost $3 million to construct.<ref>{{cite news|first=Josh|last=Levs|agency=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2014/07/29/world/meast/gaza-conflict-numbers/|title=Gaza Conflict Numbers|date=30 July 2014|access-date=15 August 2014|url-status=live|archive-date=12 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812204430/http://www.edition.cnn.com/2014/07/29/world/meast/gaza-conflict-numbers/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/hamas-backers-spend-fortunes-on-rockets-and-tunnels-while-gazans-live-in-misery/|title=Hamas backers spend fortunes on rockets and tunnels while Gazans live in misery|first=Paul|last=Alster|agency=[[Fox News]]|date=8 August 2014|url-status=live|archive-date=9 August 2014|quote=up to $3 million, according to the IDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809010357/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/08/08/hamas-backers-spend-fortunes-on-rockets-and-tunnels-while-gazans-live-in-misery/}}</ref>

The Mako network published a description of the working conditions on the tunnels, citing an unnamed Israeli informant who said he worked on them, including the following details: Workers spent 8–12 hours a day on construction under precarious conditions and received a monthly wage of $150–$300.<ref name=timestunnel>{{cite news|author=Newman, Marissa|title=Hamas said to have executed dozens of tunnel diggers|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/hamas-said-to-have-executed-dozens-of-tunnel-diggers/|work=The Times of Israel|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811151756/http://www.timesofisrael.com/hamas-said-to-have-executed-dozens-of-tunnel-diggers/|archive-date=11 August 2014|url-status=live|date=11 August 2014|access-date=11 August 2014}}</ref> Hamas used electric or [[Jackhammer|pneumatic jackhammers]] for digging tunnels. Tunnels were dug {{convert|18|–|25|m|ft|sp=us}} underground at the rate of 4–5 meters a day.<ref name=timestunnel/> Tunnels were usually dug through sandy soil requiring their roof to be supported by a more durable level of clay. Tunnels were also reinforced by concrete panels manufactured in workshops adjacent to each tunnel.<ref name=timestunnel/> As of 2014, according to Yiftah S. Shapir and Gal Perel, the cost of digging a tunnel was around $100,000 and takes about three months to build.{{sfn|Shapir|Perel|2014|p=52}}

According to reporting from Al-Monitor, individuals digging the tunnels spend long periods underground and use a device with a pedal-powered chain, similar to a bicycle, to dig through the dirt while lying on his back and pedaling with his feet.<ref name=AM1/>

Construction and use of the tunnels is associated with mortal danger due to accidental detonation of explosives and tunnel collapses. Hamas reported that 22 members of its armed wing died in tunnel accidents in 2017; another militant was killed on 22 April 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/hamas-man-reported-1-killed-3-injured-in-gaza-explosion/|title=Hamas man reported killed, 3 injured in Gaza explosion|date=23 April 2018|work=Times of Israel|access-date=25 April 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

===Iranian involvement===
After the 2007 imposition of a [[blockade of the Gaza Strip|blockade on the Gaza Strip]] by Israel and Egypt, the Iranian [[Quds Force]] under the longtime direction of General [[Qasem Soleimani]] has been active in supporting the further construction of tunnels under Gaza and the smuggling of weapons through these tunnels to the armed wings of [[Hamas]] and the [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]]. In 2021 senior Hamas representative to [[Lebanon]], Ahmad Abd al-Hadi said:

<blockquote>The idea of [digging] tunnels... Today there are 360 kilometers of tunnels in Gaza. There are more than 360 kilometers of tunnels underground. I won't go into details on this. Two people came up with the idea of digging these tunnels: The first is the martyred commander [[Imad Mughniyeh]], and the second is Hajj Qasem Soleimani who went to Gaza more than once and contributed to the defense plan from the moment it was first drafted. I am not divulging any secret, by the way. The enemies know all this but what the enemies do not know is way more than what they do know.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.memri.org/tv/hamas-rep-lebanon-ahmad-abd-hadi-hizbullah-imad-mughniye-irgc-qods-force-qasem-soleimani-architects-tunnels-gaza | title=Hamas Representative in Lebanon Ahmad Abd Al-Hadi: Qasem Soleimani Visited Gaza More Than Once; Played Major Role in Hamas' Tunnel Project (Archival) }}</ref></blockquote>

Iranian Brigadier-General Abdolfattah Ahvazian, adviser to the Commander of the Quds Force, said in November 2023 regarding Soleimani's role in the construction and proliferation of the Gaza tunnel network:

<blockquote>After the martyrdom of Hajj Qasem [Soleimani], the guys from Hamas showed us a movie. I watched the movie, and according to the people of Hamas there, Hajj Qasem had gone into Gaza. He said to them: 'Why are you sitting idly by?' They answered: 'Hajj, there is no way.' So he gave the order to take a [[Jihad]]i action, and dig hundreds of tunnels, crossing the [Gaza] borders. Within three years, the Palestinians have dug hundreds of tunnels, approximately 800 km-long, with pickaxes and hoes. These are not the kind of tunnels that only mice can use. These tunnels allow the passages of cars, mules with ammunition, and motorcycles. 700 kilometers with nothing but pickaxes and hoes.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.memri.org/tv/abdolfattah-ahvazian-advisor-irgc-qods-force-commander-qasem-soleimani-hamas-gaza-dig-tunnels-prophet-slaying-jews | title=Abdolfattah Ahvazian, Advisor to IRGC Qods Force Commander: Qasem Soleimani Was in Gaza and Ordered Hamas to Dig Tunnels; Israeli Women Captured on October 7 Were Brigade Commanders, No Need to Feel Sorry for Them; Hamas Killed 60 U.S. Advisors and Captured Netanyahu's Nephew }}</ref></blockquote>

Retired [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]] General [[Ezzatollah Zarghami]] admitted in November 2023 of having visited and inspected the Gaza tunnels himself along with senior Hamas members, during his active service with the Quds Force:

<blockquote>[[Fajr-3 (artillery rocket)|Fajr-3]], which is a 240 mm rocket, was one of our products. Later, we made its warhead smaller and it had a range of 70 km. My first mission was to take this rocket... I say this with the utmost pride and with no fear of anyone. [[Ali Khamenei|The Leader]] has already said that we were helping [Hamas]. We support the oppressed everywhere – Shiite [[Hezbollah]] as well as Sunni Hamas. These are what [Khamenei] has declared in the past. I traveled to the region as the production manager of those rockets, and I supplied them both to Hezbollah and the Palestinians. For some time, I was inside the very same tunnels that they are fighting from. Six or seven years ago, I posted about this and got the nickname 'yellow canary.' In the tunnels, I provided training about the usage and specification of the rockets. These training courses were highly successful. I saw that they had cages of singing canaries in the tunnels. I praised their commander about their acumen to have music during military work. The commander replied that the birds are not meant for singing, they are meant to be [oxygen] sensors in case the airflow is disrupted. If the airflow becomes weaker, the birds stop singing and drop dead. When the bird dies, we realize that there is a problem with airflow.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.memri.org/tv/iranian-minister-cultural-herigage-irgc-general-ezzatollah-zarghami-supply-hamas-hizbullah-rockets-traveled-gaza-tunnels | title=Iranian Minister of Cultural Heritage and Retired IRGC General Ezzatollah Zarghami: Iran Supplied Hamas and Hizbullah with Rockets; I Traveled to the Gaza Tunnels to Teach Them How to Use the Rockets }}</ref></blockquote>

[[Mansour Haghighatpour]], also a retired Quds Force General, stated in December 2023 that the creation of the tunnels under Gaza was an effort not only by the Palestinians but by the whole "[[Axis of Resistance]]":

<blockquote>The other thing I would like to point out is that the resistance axis, which planned with the Palestinians to build more than 400 kilometers of tunnels under an area of land that did not exceed 40 square kilometers, took various possible “scenarios” into consideration. These scenarios include [Israel] flooding the tunnels with water, pumping toxic gas into them, or blowing up parts of them. Therefore, the Palestinian side in the tunnels knows very well how to deal with all possible challenges.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://trendswide.com/assistant-general-qassem-soleimani-to-al-jazeera-net-for-these-reasons-the-gaza-tunnels-will-remain-a-nightmare-for-israel-policy/ | title=Assistant General Qassem Soleimani to al Jazeera Net: For these reasons, the Gaza tunnels will remain a nightmare for Israel Policy | date=17 December 2023 }}</ref></blockquote>

The [[Shia Islam|Shi'ite]] cleric Sheikh Jaffer Ladak asserted in January 2024 that Soleimani had played a major role in influencing the strategy of the [[Palestinian political violence|Palestinian factions]], turning it away from the [[suicide attack|suicide bombing]] attacks widely employed at the time of the [[Second Intifada]] and towards an underground warfare strategy:

<blockquote>[[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi|Ayman Zarqawi]] was the one who began the idea of suicide bombings and then, he used this influence upon the Palestinians who then felt it was needful to be able to do suicide bombings in the occupied territories. Suicide bombings, of course, not only has a great ishqal and problem with it, it is not with the flavor of Islamic resistance. It doesn't yield the goals, and also drew the ire of the world community on the Palestinian resistance. Enter people like martyr Qasem Soleimani. And, with his influence, you would actually see that the structure of the Palestinian resistance was overhauled. The tunnels that were being {{sic|tug}}, and its relationship with the rest of the Islamic world, particularly those in Lebanon, particularly those in Iran, flourished, to such an extent that now, the [[Israel Defense Forces|so-called strongest army in West Asia]] still cannot defeat those people who have been starved for more than three months.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.memri.org/tv/friday-sermon-shiite-mosque-leeds-uk-jaffer-ladak-qassam-soleimani-palestine-resistance-suicide-bombings-iran | title=Leeds, UK Shi'ite Mosque Friday Sermon by Jaffer Ladak: IRGC General Soleimani Completely Overhauled the Palestinian Resistance, Moved Them Away from Wahhabi-Influenced Suicide Bombings in Israeli Cafés and Buses, Brought Them Closer to Iran |publisher=Memri |access-date=24 July 2025}}</ref></blockquote>

During the [[2012 Gaza War]], the Commander-in-Chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Major-General [[Mohammad Ali Jafari]] said that due to the geographical isolation of the [[Gaza Strip]], Iran cannot directly provide weapons to Hamas but still provides them with the technology and parts through the tunnels, which is then used by the [[al-Qassam Brigades]] to manufacture a Palestinian homemade version of the Iranian [[Fajr-5]] missile that has managed to hit Israeli targets within Israel's capital [[Tel Aviv]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.memri.org/tv/irgc-commander-mohammad-ali-jafari-we-gave-gaza-technology-produce-fajr-5-missiles | title=IRGC Commander Mohammad Ali Jafari : We Gave Gaza the Technology to Produce Fajr-5 Missiles }}</ref>

==Strategic objectives and uses==
According to Eado Hecht, an Israeli defence analyst specialising in underground warfare, "Three different kinds of tunnels existed beneath Gaza, [[Gaza Strip smuggling tunnels|smuggling tunnels between Gaza and Egypt]]; defensive tunnels inside Gaza, used for command centres and weapons storage; and—connected to the defensive tunnels—offensive tunnels used for cross-border attacks on Israel", including the capture of Israeli soldiers.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sherwood|first1=Harriet|title=Inside the tunnels Hamas built: Israel's struggle against new tactic in Gaza war|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/02/tunnels-hamas-israel-struggle-gaza-war|access-date=26 August 2014|work=The Observer|date=2 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018151515/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/02/tunnels-hamas-israel-struggle-gaza-war|archive-date=18 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:US Ambassador to Israel Shapiro Visit to Attack Tunnel.webm|thumb|American ambassador [[Daniel B. Shapiro]] examining a part of the Palestinian tunnel network uncovered by the Israeli military during [[2014 Gaza War|Operation Protective Edge]], 2014]]
The Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, an Israeli security think tank, describes tunnel warfare as a shifting of the balance of power: "Tunnel warfare provided armies facing a technologically superior adversary with an effective means for countering its air superiority." According to the center, tunnels conceal missile launchers, facilitate attacks on strategic targets like Ben-Gurion Airport, and allow cross-border access to Israeli territory.<ref>{{cite web|last=Halevi|first=Jonathan D.|title=Hamas's Attack Tunnels: Analysis and Initial Implications|work=Jerusalem Center for Security and Foreign Affairs |date=22 July 2014|publisher=Jerusalem Center For Public Affairs|access-date=28 July 2014|url=http://jcpa.org/hamas-attack-tunnels/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727115607/http://jcpa.org/hamas-attack-tunnels/|archive-date=27 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

An editorial in ''[[The Washington Post]]'' described the tunnels as "using tons of concrete desperately needed for civilian housing" and also as endangering civilians because they were constructed under civilian homes in the "heavily populated [[Shuja'iyya|Shijaiyah]] district" and underneath the al-Wafa Hospital.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-us-should-push-for-the-disarming-of-hamas-in-gaza-israel-cease-fire/2014/07/23/7c2d1d9e-1284-11e4-8936-26932bcfd6ed_story.html|title=The U.S. should push for the disarming of Hamas in Gaza-Israel cease-fire|date=23 July 2014 |newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=28 July 2014}}</ref>

Working on the tunnel system provides an outlet for Hamas militants to be productively engaged in relative peacetime.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Eldar |first=Shlomi |date=2013-10-15 |title=Hamas Spends Downtime Digging Tunnels |work=[[Al-Monitor]] |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2013/10/hamas-gaza-tunnels-israel-jihad.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013153031/https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2013/10/hamas-gaza-tunnels-israel-jihad.html |archive-date=2023-10-13}}</ref>

Daphné Richemond-Barak, the author of “Underground Warfare,” wrote in ''[[Foreign Policy]]'' magazine: "Never in the history of tunnel warfare has a defender been able to spend months in such confined spaces. The digging itself, the innovative ways Hamas has made use of the tunnels and the group’s survival underground for this long have been unprecedented."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/01/06/israel-hamas-war-gaza-tunnel-networks-ground-campaign/ | title=Is Israel Winning the War on the Tunnels in Gaza? | date=22 May 2024 }}</ref>

===Defensive uses===
An Al-Monitor report described tunnels within Gaza and away from the border that serve two purposes: storing and shielding weapons including rockets and launchers, and providing security and mobility to Hamas militants.<ref name=ShlomiEldar>{{cite news|last=Eldar|first=Shlomi|title=Gaza tunnels take IDF by surprise|work=Al-Monitor|access-date=30 July 2014|date=July 2014|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulseen/originals/2014/07/israel-idf-tunnels-gaza-underground-network-failure-welfare.html}}</ref> The report indicated that the latter function occurs in a set of "security tunnels": "Every single leader of Hamas, from its lowest ranking bureaucrats to its most senior leaders, is intimately familiar with the route to the security tunnel assigned to him and his family."<ref name=ShlomiEldar/> Twenty-three militants in the [[Qassam Brigades]], the military wing of Hamas, survived Israeli shelling on 17 July 2014 and remained alive but trapped in a tunnel until the early August ceasefire.<ref>{{cite news|title=23 Palestinian fighters in Gaza escape certain death in collapsed tunnel|work=Middle East Monitor|access-date=8 August 2014|date=7 August 2014|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/13302-23-palestinian-fighters-in-gaza-escape-certain-death-in-collapsed-tunnel|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811205434/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/13302-23-palestinian-fighters-in-gaza-escape-certain-death-in-collapsed-tunnel|archive-date=11 August 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2013, [[Ihab al-Ghussein]], spokesman of the Interior Ministry of the Palestinian National Authority, described the tunnels as an exercise of Gaza's "right to protect itself."<ref>{{cite news |date=23 October 2013 |title=Palestinian government criticises UN position on Gaza tunnel |work=[[Middle East Monitor]] |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/7927-palestinian-government-criticises-un-position-on-gaza-tunnel |url-status=dead |access-date=29 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811140312/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/7927-palestinian-government-criticises-un-position-on-gaza-tunnel |archive-date=11 August 2014 }}</ref> In October 2014, Hamas leader Khalid Mishal denied that the tunnels were ever to be used to attack civilians: "Have any of the tunnels been used to kill any civilian or any of the residents of such towns? No. Never! ... [Hamas] used them either to strike beyond the back lines of the Israeli army or to raid some military sites... This proves that Hamas is only defending itself."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/politics/2014/10/gaza-tunnel-plot-israeli-intelligence|title=Did Israel Avert a Hamas Massacre?|last=Ciralsky|first=Adam|website=The Hive|date=21 October 2014|language=en|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref>

The tunnels are used to conceal and protect weapons and militants and facilitate communication, making detection from the air difficult.<ref>Jim Michaels,[https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/07/31/hamas-tunnels-israel-cu-chi/13421873/ 'Extent of tunnels under Gaza takes Israel by surprise,'] [[USA Today]] 31 July 2014.</ref> In 2014, Hamas leader Khalid Meshal said in an interview with Vanity Fair that the tunnel system is a defensive structure, designed to place obstacles against Israel's powerful military arsenal and engage in counter-strikes behind the lines of the [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]]. He said that the tunnels are used for infiltration of Israel, but said that offensive operations had never caused the death of civilians in Israel, and denied allegations of planned mass attacks on Israeli civilians.<ref>Adam Ciralsky, [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/politics/2014/10/khalid-mishal-hamas-interview 'Hamas's Khalid Mishal on the Gaza War, Tunnels, and ISIS,'] [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] 21 October 2014.</ref>

Hamas logistics officer and weapons smuggler [[Mahmoud al-Mabhouh]] escaped Israeli forces through a smuggling tunnel in 1989 to Egypt.{{Sfn|Cohen|Johnson|Thaler|Allen|2017|pp=74–75}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Israel's failed tunnel war |work=[[Ynet]] |last=Bergman |first=Ronen |date=9 August 2010 |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3931877,00.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015192034/https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3931877,00.html |archive-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>

During the 2012 Gaza war, Palestinian militants frequently made use of tunnels and bunkers to take cover from Israeli air strikes.{{Sfn|Cohen|Johnson|Thaler|Allen|2017|p=43}}

===Offensive uses===
Palestinian military personnel in Gaza explained to news website [[al-Monitor]] that the purpose of a cross-border tunnel was to conduct operations behind enemy lines in the event of an Israeli operation against Gaza.<ref name=AM1>{{cite news|last=Abu Amer|first=Adnan|title=Tunnel May Signal Shift In Hamas-Israel Conflict|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/10/gaza-tunnel-israel-shift-hamas-war.html#|access-date=29 July 2014|work=Al Monitor|agency=Al Monitor|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825164942/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/10/gaza-tunnel-israel-shift-hamas-war.html|archive-date=25 August 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Hamas leader [[Yahya Sinwar]], commenting on the strategic importance of the tunnels, stated: "Today, we are the ones who invade them; they do not invade us."{{sfn|Rubenstein|2015|p=123}} The tunnels have been described by former Hamas Prime Minister [[Ismail Haniyeh]] as representative of "a new strategy in confronting the occupation and in the conflict with the enemy from underground and from above the ground."<ref name="Verini"/> A Palestinian militia document obtained by [[al-Monitor]] and also published in ''[[The Washington Post]]'' described the objectives of the under-border tunnels:

<blockquote>The tunnel war is one of the most important and most dangerous military tactics in the face of the Israeli army because it features a qualitative and strategic dimension, because of its human and moral effects, and because of its serious threat and unprecedented challenge to the Israeli military machine, which is heavily armed and follows security doctrines involving protection measures and preemption. ...

[The tactic is] to surprise the enemy and strike it a deadly blow that doesn't allow a chance for survival or escape or allow him a chance to confront and defend itself.<ref name=AM1/><ref name="McCoy">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/07/21/how-hamas-uses-its-tunnels-to-kill-and-capture-israeli-soldiers/|title=How Hamas uses its tunnels to kill and capture Israeli soldiers|last=McCoy|first=Terrence|date=21 July 2014|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=1 August 2014}}</ref></blockquote>

Israeli spokespersons have maintained that the aim of the tunnels is to harm Israel civilians. According to Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]], the "sole purpose" of the cross-border tunnels from Gaza to Israel is "the destruction of our citizens and killing of our children." The Israeli government has called the tunnels "terror tunnels," stating that they have a potential to target civilians and soldiers in Israel.<ref name="MFA">{{cite web |date=22 July 2014 |title=Behind the headlines: Hamas' terror tunnels |url=http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Issues/Pages/Hamas-terror-tunnels.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804042611/http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Issues/Pages/Hamas-terror-tunnels.aspx |archive-date=4 August 2014 |access-date=1 August 2014 |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] }}</ref><ref name="McCoy"/> Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that the aim was to abduct and kill civilians. An IDF spokesman said the goal is "to abduct or kill civilians but will make do with a soldier, too." The Israeli newspaper ''[[Ma'ariv]]'' reported that, according to unnamed Israeli security sources, the tunnels were to be utilized in a mass casualty terror attack planned to take place on the Jewish high holy day of [[Rosh Hashanah]], 24 September 2014. The plan was described to reporter Ariel Kahane by the sources, and reportedly revealed to the Israeli security Cabinet by Prime Minister [[Binyamin Netanyahu]]. The alleged plot entailed a planned assault in which two hundred of heavily armed Hamas fighters would have emerged at night from more than a dozen tunnels to infiltrate Israeli territory, killing and/or abducting Israeli citizens.<ref name="Jewish Telegraphic Agency">{{cite news |date=28 July 2014 |title=Report: Hamas planned Rosh Hashanah attack through Gaza tunnels |newspaper=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |agency=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]] |url=https://www.jta.org/2014/07/28/news-opinion/israel-middle-east/report-hamas-planned-rosh-hashanah-attack-through-gaza-tunnels |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730091435/http://www.jta.org/2014/07/28/news-opinion/israel-middle-east/report-hamas-planned-rosh-hashanah-attack-through-gaza-tunnels |archive-date=30 July 2014 }}, citing {{cite web |date=25 July 2014 |title=חמאס תכנן: מאות מחבלים יגיחו ממנהרות בראש השנה |url=http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART2/600/825.html?hp=1&cat=875&loc=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730092243/http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART2/600/825.html?hp=1&cat=875&loc=1 |archive-date=30 July 2014 |publisher=[[:he:nrg]] }}
</ref>

A Gazan tunnel was used to carry out an attack for the first time in September 2001, in the context of the [[Second Palestinian Intifada]], when "Palestinians detonated a 200-kilogram bomb inside a tunnel underneath the IDF border outpost of Termit on the Philadelphi corridor", resulting in the near-complete destruction of the outpost located in Rafah.{{sfn|Weizman|2007|p=256}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hass |first1=Amira |last2=Harel |first2=Amos |date=28 September 2001 |title=4 Palestinians Dead, 3 Soldiers Injured; Gazans dig tunnel in attempt to destroy Termit outpost in Rafah |work=[[Haaretz]] |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2001-09-28/ty-article/4-palestinians-dead-3-soldiers-injured/0000017f-e5e7-dea7-adff-f5ff38680000 |url-status=live |access-date=14 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014224043/https://www.haaretz.com/2001-09-28/ty-article/4-palestinians-dead-3-soldiers-injured/0000017f-e5e7-dea7-adff-f5ff38680000 |archive-date=14 October 2023}}</ref>

Hamas used tunnels to bomb an IDF outpost in Gaza in June 2004, killing one soldier and injuring five.{{Sfn|Shapir|Perel|2014|p=52}}<ref>[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/comprehensive-listing-of-terrorism-victims-in-israel#2005 Comprehensive Listing of Terrorism Victims in Israel]</ref>

Shortly after the [[death of Yasser Arafat]] and purportedly in retaliation for the same, Hamas and [[Fatah]] tunneled under a border-crossing checkpoint at Rafah and detonated a bomb, killing five Israelis in the [[IDF outpost bombing attack (December 2004)|IDF outpost bombing attack]], killing five Israeli soldiers and wounding six.<ref>{{cite news |last=Macintyre |first=Donald |date=13 December 2004 |title=Checkpoint mine kills five Israeli soldiers |work=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/checkpoint-mine-kills-five-israeli-soldiers-24503.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706165135/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/checkpoint-mine-kills-five-israeli-soldiers-24503.html |archive-date=6 July 2022}}</ref>{{Sfn|Shapir|Perel|2014|p=52}}

Hamas used a tunnel in June 2006 that exited near [[Kerem Shalom]] to conduct a [[2006 Gaza cross-border raid|cross-border raid]] that resulted in the death of two IDF soldiers and the kidnapping of a third, [[Gilad Shalit]].<ref name="McCoy" />{{sfn|Shapir|Perel|2014|p=52}}

An Israeli soldier conducting maintenance work on the border fence in November 2012 was injured when Hamas's military wing, Izz al-Din Qassam Brigades, detonated a booby-trapped tunnel, and a 13-year-old Palestinian boy was killed by Israeli machine-gun fire following the explosion.{{Sfn|Cohen|Johnson|Thaler|Allen|2017|p=35}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Gaza: Palestinian boy 'killed by Israeli gunfire' |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-20258541 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207234042/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-20258541 |archive-date=7 December 2022 |date=9 November 2012}}</ref>

The tunnels were used in warfare on numerous occasions during the 2014 conflict.<ref>Gal Perl Finkel, [https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Analysis-The-IDF-vs-subterranean-warfare-464229 The IDF vs subterranean warfare], [[The Jerusalem Post]], 16 August 2016.</ref> On at least four occasions during the conflict, Palestinian militants crossing the border through the tunnels engaged in combat with Israeli soldiers. Israeli officials reported four "incidents in which members of Palestinian armed groups emerged from tunnel exits located between 1.1 and 4.7 km from civilian homes."<ref>{{Cite conference |author=((United Nations Independent Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict)) |date=22 June 2015 |title=Report of the detailed findings of the independent commission of inquiry established pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution S-21/1 |location=Geneva |publisher=United Nations |page=31}} "Official Israeli sources describe 'cross-border tunnel attacks' as one of 'two primary means to target Israeli civilians,' explaining that, 'Hamas placed tunnel openings close to residential communities in Israel'."</ref> The Israeli government refers to cross-border tunnels as "attack tunnels" or "terror tunnels."<ref name="MFA" /><ref name="aljazeera">{{cite news |last1=Batchelor |first1=John |date=29 July 2014 |title=Hamas' attack tunnels are transforming war with Israel |publisher=Batchelor Show |agency=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |url=http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2014/7/gaza-tunnels-hamasisraelidf.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009172900/http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2014/7/gaza-tunnels-hamasisraelidf.html |archive-date=9 October 2014 }}</ref> According to Israel, the tunnels enabled the launch of rockets by remote control,<ref name="Booth">William Booth,[https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/09/03/heres-what-really-happened-in-the-gaza-war-according-to-the-israelis/ 'Here's what really happened in the Gaza war according to the Israelis,'] [[Washington Post]] 3 September 2014. Retrieved 15 October 2014</ref> and were intended to facilitate hostage-taking<ref name="aljazeera" /><ref name="Kershner" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rudoren |first1=Jodi |date=22 July 2014 |title=A Blast, a Fire and an Israeli Soldier Goes Missing |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/23/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-conflict.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722134744/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/23/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-conflict.html |archive-date=22 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Halevi |first1=Jonathan |date=22 July 2014 |title=Hamas's Attack Tunnels: Analysis and Initial Implications |work=Jerusalem Center for Security and Foreign Affairs |url=http://jcpa.org/hamas-attack-tunnels/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112073625/http://jcpa.org/hamas-attack-tunnels/ |archive-date=12 November 2014 |access-date=15 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=McCoy |first1=Terrance |date=21 July 2014 |title=How Hamas uses its tunnels to kill and capture Israeli soldiers |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/07/21/how-hamas-uses-its-tunnels-to-kill-and-capture-israeli-soldiers/ |access-date=28 July 2014}}</ref> and mass-casualty attacks.<ref name="MFA" /><ref name="Jewish Telegraphic Agency" />

Hamas militants carrying RPGs and assault rifles crossed the Israeli border on 17 July 2014 through a tunnel about a mile away from the farming village of [[Sufa, Israel|Sufa]], but were stopped by Israeli Defense Forces.{{sfn|Shapir|Perel|2014|p=53}}{{sfn|Rubenstein|2015|pp=125–126}} The Israeli military reported that thirteen armed men had exited the tunnel, and shared video footage of them being hit by the explosion of an airstrike.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ginsburg |first=Mitch |date=17 July 2014 |title=Tunnel infiltration thwarted near Kibbutz Sufa |language=en-US |work=Times of Israel |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/tunnel-infiltration-thwarted-near-kibbutz-sufa/ |access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref> Israeli authorities claimed the purpose had been to attack civilians.<ref name="Kershner">{{cite news |last=Kershner |first=Isabel |date=17 July 2014 |title=Trouble Underfoot on Israeli Kibbutz Near the Border |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/19/world/middleeast/hamas-gaza-strip-tunnels-led-to-israels-invasion.html |url-status=live |access-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006183336/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/19/world/middleeast/hamas-gaza-strip-tunnels-led-to-israels-invasion.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |quote="They planned to carry out a massacre here," Eyal Brandeis, 50, a lecturer in political science and one of the few residents remaining here, said of the Hamas militants who came out of the tunnel armed with machine guns and grenades. }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lappin |first=Yaakov |date=17 July 2014 |title=IDF thwarts Gaza terrorists from attempted tunnel infiltration into Israel |work=Jerusalem Post |url=https://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/Hamas-terrorists-caught-killed-attempting-to-infiltrate-Kibbutz-Nir-Am-through-tunnel-364148 |url-status=live |access-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728131004/http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/Hamas-terrorists-caught-killed-attempting-to-infiltrate-Kibbutz-Nir-Am-through-tunnel-364148 |archive-date=28 July 2014 }}</ref>

Two squads of armed Palestinian militants crossed the Israeli border on 21 July 2014 through a tunnel near Kibbutz [[Nir Am]]. The first squad of ten was killed by an Israeli air strike. A second squad killed four Israeli soldiers using an anti-tank weapon. The ''Jerusalem Post'' reported that the attackers sought to infiltrate Kibbutz Nir Am, but a senior intelligence source told the ''Times of Israel'' that "the Hamas gunmen were not in motion or en route to a kibbutz but rather had camouflaged themselves in the field, laying an ambush for an army patrol."<ref name="Times of Israel - 29-July" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Lappin |first=Yaakov |date=21 July 2014 |title=10 terrorists killed attempting to infiltrate Israel through tunnel |work=Jerusalem Post |url=https://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/Hamas-terrorists-caught-killed-attempting-to-infiltrate-Kibbutz-Nir-Am-through-tunnel-364148 |url-status=live |access-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728131004/http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/Hamas-terrorists-caught-killed-attempting-to-infiltrate-Kibbutz-Nir-Am-through-tunnel-364148 |archive-date=28 July 2014 }}</ref>

Hamas and [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad|Islamic Jihad]] militants attacked an Israeli military outpost on 28 July 2014 near Nahal Oz using a tunnel, killing five Israeli soldiers. One attacker was also killed.{{sfn|Shapir|Perel|2014|p=53}}<ref>{{cite news |last=Bryant |first=Christa Case |date=28 July 2014 |title=Hamas attacks by tunnel rattle Israelis on Gaza border (+video) |work=Christian Science Monitor |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2014/0728/Hamas-attacks-by-tunnel-rattle-Israelis-on-Gaza-border-video |url-status=live |access-date=30 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730130806/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2014/0728/Hamas-attacks-by-tunnel-rattle-Israelis-on-Gaza-border-video |archive-date=30 July 2014 |issn=0882-7729 }}</ref>

Hamas militants emerging from a tunnel on 1 August 2014 attacked an Israeli patrol in Rafah, thus violating a humanitarian ceasefire,<ref>{{cite news |date=1 August 2014 |title=IDF: Israeli soldier probably captured |agency=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |url=https://www.jta.org/2014/08/01/news-opinion/israel-middle-east/israeli-soldier-feared-captured-in-gaza-strip-1 |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816113307/http://www.jta.org/2014/08/01/news-opinion/israel-middle-east/israeli-soldier-feared-captured-in-gaza-strip-1 |archive-date=16 August 2014 }}</ref> killing two Israeli soldiers. The militants returned to Rafah through a tunnel, bringing the body of Lieutenant Hadar Goldin with them.{{sfn|Shapir|Perel|2014|p=53}} Israel at first believed that the militants had abducted Goldin and were holding him, but later determined that he had also been killed.<ref>{{cite news |last=Saul |first=Heather |date=1 August 2014 |title=Israeli soldier 'captured in tunnel attack' by Gaza militants |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israeli-soldier-feared-captured-in-tunnel-attack-by-militants-9642469.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808050039/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israeli-soldier-feared-captured-in-tunnel-attack-by-militants-9642469.html |archive-date=8 August 2014 }}</ref>

An unnamed senior intelligence source told ''[[The Times of Israel]]'' on 28 July 2014 that of the nine cross-border tunnels detected, none stretched into a civilian community, and that in the five infiltrations to that time Hamas had targeted soldiers rather than civilians.<ref name="Times of Israel - 29-July">{{cite news |last1=Klein |first1=Aaron J. |last2=Ginsburg |first2=Mitch |date=29 July 2014 |title=Could Israeli soldiers, not civilians, be the target of the attack tunnels? |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/soldiers-not-civilians-are-tunnel-infiltration-goals-says-senior-intelligence-source/ |url-status=live |access-date=29 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810223617/http://www.timesofisrael.com/soldiers-not-civilians-are-tunnel-infiltration-goals-says-senior-intelligence-source/ |archive-date=10 August 2014 }}</ref> On 31 July 2014 IDF [[Army Radio]] quoted an unnamed senior military official as saying that "all the tunnels were aimed at military targets and not at the Gaza-vicinity communities".<ref name="galeiTzahal">{{cite news |date=14 August 2014 |title=Can complete the destruction of tunnels within 48 hours |work=[[Galei Tzahal]] |url=http://glz.co.il/1064-47425-he/Galatz.aspx}}: "A senior military official estimated tonight (Thursday) in a conversation with Army Radio that the IDF can complete the task of destroying the tunnels within 48 hours. The military official said: 'all the tunnels were aimed at military targets and not at the Gaza-vicinity communities'..."</ref> A [[UNHRC]] Commission of Inquiry on the Gaza Conflict published a report in 2015 concluding that during the 2014 conflict, "the tunnels were only used to conduct attacks directed at IDF positions in Israel in the vicinity of the Green Line, which are legitimate military targets."<ref name=":0" /> An Israeli intelligence source that spoke to [[Times of Israel]] indicated that none of the nine cross-border tunnels were aimed at civilian border communities. All the infiltration attempts focused on attacking military targets. The main aim of the attacks seems to have been to capture an IDF prisoner.<ref name="Times of Israel - 29-July" /><ref name="galeiTzahal" /> Israeli officials condemned the UNHRC report.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 June 2015 |title=UN report: Tunnels into Israel legitimately targeted IDF |work=[[Times of Israel]] |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/un-report-tunnels-into-israel-legitimately-targeted-idf/}}</ref>

Hamas launched an attack on Israel on 7 October 2023, [[Gaza war hostage crisis|taking 252 people hostage]].<ref name=WaPoSpiderweb/>

==== Psychological impact ====
Eitan Shamir and Hecht wrote that, during the 2014 Gaza War, one objective of conducting cross-border raids on Israeli communities using tunnels was to inflict psychological shock on the Israeli populations.{{sfn|Shamir|Hecht|2014|pp=84–85}} A UN Commission of Inquiry found that "these tunnels and their use by Palestinian armed groups during the hostilities [of the [[2014 Gaza War]]] caused great anxiety among Israelis that the tunnels might be used to attack civilians."<ref name=":0">{{Cite conference |author=((United Nations Independent Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict)) |date=22 June 2015 |title=Report of the detailed findings of the independent commission of inquiry established pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution S-21/1 |url=https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/cb361dbaf1526e5785257e6c004b1e94_20150622%20--%20OHCHR%20Report%20on%20Palestine%20[A_HRC_CRP_4].pdf |conference= |location=Geneva |publisher=United Nations |page=31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014025958/https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/cb361dbaf1526e5785257e6c004b1e94_20150622%20--%20OHCHR%20Report%20on%20Palestine%20%5BA_HRC_CRP_4%5D.pdf |archive-date=14 October 2023}}</ref> According to Slesinger, the tunnels disrupt the Israelis' notion of territorial sovereignty and decreases the confidence of Israeli politicians' in their ability to manage external risks through ordinary border enforcement mechanisms such as patrols, fences, walls, and checkpoints–which in turn compromises the Israeli citizenry's "faith in the state's ability to provide security.{{sfn|Slesinger|2018|pp=13–14}}

====Kidnapping====
Israel says that the kidnapping of Israeli civilians and soldiers is one of the primary goals of tunnel construction.<ref name="McCoy"/> The ''Wall Street Journal'' described an attack tunnel inspected by one of its reporters as "designed for launching murder and kidnapping raids", noting that the "3-mile-long tunnel was reinforced with concrete, lined with telephone wires, and included cabins unnecessary for infiltration operations but useful for holding hostages."<ref>{{cite news |last=Conway |first=James |date=24 July 2014 |title=The Moral Chasm Between Israel and Hamas; The 3-mile-long tunnel from Gaza was designed for launching murder and kidnapping raids |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/james-t-conway-the-moral-chasm-between-israel-and-hamas-1406243128 |url-status=live |access-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013153028/https://www.wsj.com/articles/james-t-conway-the-moral-chasm-between-israel-and-hamas-1406243128 |archive-date=13 October 2023}}</ref> In October 2013, the newspaper ''[[Haaretz]]'' noted that "[t]he IDF's working assumption [was] that such tunnels [would] be made operative whenever there is an escalation in the area, whether initiated by Hamas or by Israel, and [would] be used for attacks and abduction attempts", adding that "[i]f Hamas initiates such an escalation while holding several Israeli citizens or soldiers, it would be in a much stronger position."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.552198|title=Hamas' strategic tunnels: Millions of dollars to spirit kidnapped Israelis into Gaza|first=Amos|last=Harel|date=14 October 2013|work=[[Haaretz]]|access-date=31 July 2014|archive-date=27 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727163201/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.552198}}</ref> According to ''[[The New York Times]]'', one tunnel contained "a kidnapping kit of tranquilizers and plastic handcuffs".<ref name="Rudoren">{{cite news |last=Rudoren |first=Jodi |date=28 July 2014 |title=Tunnels Lead Right to the Heart of Israeli Fear |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/29/world/middleeast/tunnels-lead-right-to-heart-of-israeli-fear.html? |url-status=live |access-date=1 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729144555/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/29/world/middleeast/tunnels-lead-right-to-heart-of-israeli-fear.html |archive-date=29 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/opinion/jeffrey-goldberg-destroying-hamass-kidnapping-tunnels-only-way-to-protect-israelis|title=Destroying Hamas's kidnapping tunnels only way to protect Israelis|first=Jeffrey|last=Goldberg|date=28 July 2014|work=[[National Post]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140805052533/http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2014/07/28/jeffrey-goldberg-destroying-hamass-kidnapping-tunnels-only-way-to-protect-israelis/|archive-date=5 August 2014|url-status=live|access-date=28 July 2014}}</ref>

==Israel's countermeasures==
[[File:Palestinian Tunnel, uncovered December 2017, near Gaza Strip (Kissufim) in Israeli side of the border.jpg|thumb|right|A Palestinian tunnel coming into [[Israel]] from the [[Gaza Strip]], uncovered by the Israeli military between [[Kissufim]] and [[Nirim]], 10 December 2017<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/IDF-neutralizes-cross-border-Hamas-terror-tunnel-second-in-recent-weeks-517583|title=WATCH: IDF destroys cross-border Hamas tunnel, second in recent weeks|work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|access-date=2 April 2018 |issn=0792-822X}}</ref>]]
Throughout the Second Intifada, the IDF launched numerous raids to counter-act the Palestinian use of tunnels, and had destroyed over 100 tunnels by June 2004.{{Sfn|Shapir|Perel|2014|p=52}}

The IDF identified 13 smuggling tunnels in October 2006 along the Philadelphi Route and [[The Jerusalem Post]] reported that IDF destroyed "five more tunnels".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-10-19 |title=Gaza: IDF destroys 5 more arms smuggling tunnels |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel/gaza-idf-destroys-5-more-arms-smuggling-tunnels |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en}}</ref>

The IDF identified a tunnel complex in November 2007, concealed in a tomato greenhouse with exits near [[Netiv HaAsara]] and [[Erez]].{{sfn|Shapir|Perel|2014|p=52}}

Six militants were killed and a tunnel within {{Convert|300|m|ft||abbr=on}} of the border fence was destroyed by Israeli forces in November 2008.{{sfn|Shapir|Perel|2014|pp=52–53}}

The IDF targeted 140 smuggling tunnels and 66 tunnels used for attacks during the 2012 Gaza War. An estimated 500 tunnels were thought to exist at that time.{{Sfn|Lichtenwald|Perri|2013|p=210}}{{Sfn|Cohen|Johnson|Thaler|Allen|2017|p=47}} By the end of the operation, the network of attack tunnels had been largely destroyed.{{Sfn|Rodman|2019|loc=Chapter 6: The Second Lebanon and Gaza Wars}}

A tunnel discovered in 2013 began in the Gazan village of [[Abasan al-Saghira]] with an initial depth at the entrance of {{Convert|22|m|ft|abbr=on}}, a length of approximately {{Convert|950|m|ft|abbr=on}}, a width of approximately {{Convert|1.8|m|ft|abbr=on}}, a height of approximately {{Convert|1.1|m|ft|abbr=on}}, and a final depth at the exit of {{Convert|18|m|ft|abbr=on}}, opening into a spot some {{Convert|2800|m|mi|abbr=on}} from the kibbutz of [[Ein HaShlosha]].{{sfn|Cohen|Johnson|Thaler|Allen|2017|p=77}}

According to Israel, between January and October 2013, three tunnels under the border were identified, two of which were packed with explosives.<ref name="Rudoren" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Fiske|first1=Gavriel |last2=Ginsburg|first2=Mitch |date=13 October 2013|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/hamas-terror-tunnel-found-running-from-gaza-to-israel/|title=IDF blames Hamas for 'terror tunnel' from Gaza to Israel Defense minister halts transfer of construction supplies to the Strip after 500 tons of cement used to construct underground passage|work=Times of Israel|access-date=28 July 2014|archive-date=6 August 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806210510/http://www.timesofisrael.com/hamas-terror-tunnel-found-running-from-gaza-to-israel/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/how-the-tunnels-in-gaza-are-dug-and-detected/|title=How Hamas dug its Gaza 'terror tunnel,' and how the IDF found it|first=Mitch|last=Ginsberg|date=16 October 2013|newspaper=The Times of Israel|access-date=15 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806073912/http://www.timesofisrael.com/how-the-tunnels-in-gaza-are-dug-and-detected/|archive-date=6 August 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

The IDF demolished two cross-border tunnels in November 2013.{{sfn|Shapir|Perel|2014|p=53}}

Destroying the tunnels was a primary objective of Israeli forces in the [[2014 Israel–Gaza conflict|July–August 2014 conflict]].<ref name="Rudoren" /> The IDF reported that it "neutralized" 32 tunnels, fourteen of which crossed into Israel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Israel Defense Forces |date=5 August 2014 |title=Operation Protective Edge by the Numbers |url=https://www.idfblog.com/blog/2014/08/05/operation-protective-edge-numbers/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626102921/https://www.idfblog.com/blog/2014/08/05/operation-protective-edge-numbers/ |archive-date=26 June 2015 |access-date=23 June 2015 |work=The Official Blog of the Israel Defense Forces}}</ref>{{Sfn|Cohen|Johnson|Thaler|Allen|2017|p=69}} A column in the ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' cited [[Yigal Carmon]], head of the [[Middle East Media Research Institute]], as saying that it was the tunnels, and not the [[2014 Gush Etzion kidnapping and murder]] that was the immediate cause of war in the summer of 2014. According to Carmon's reading of the situation, the tunnels gave Hamas the ability to stake a mass-casualty attack on the scale of the [[2008 Mumbai attack|2008 Islamist terror attack]] on the Taj Hotel in Mumbai that killed 164 people.

An Israeli airstrike on 5 July 2014 damaged a tunnel near kibbutz [[Kerem Shalom]], and a group of Hamas military inspectors were killed in an explosion at the tunnel on 6 July 2014. According to Carmon, this may have persuaded Hamas that Israel was becoming aware of the scale of the capacity for militants to infiltrate Israel via tunnels, making a successful surprise mass-casualty attack less likely, and convincing the Hamas leadership to go to war immediately before more of the tunnels could be discovered and destroyed.<ref>{{cite news|first=Michael B.|last=Mukasey|author-link1=Michael Mukasey|title=Tunnels Matter More Than Rockets to Hamas|url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/michael-mukasey-tunnels-matter-more-than-rockets-to-hamas-1405894408|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=20 July 2014|access-date=31 July 2014}}</ref>

The IDF killed six Hamas militants on 6 July 2014 in an attack on a cross-border tunnel near Rafah.{{sfn|Shapir|Perel|2014|p=53}} This resulted in an escalation in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and was a key impetus to the [[2014 Israel–Gaza conflict]].{{sfn|Shapir|Perel|2014|p=53}}

The IDF foiled an attempt on 17 July 2014 by 13 militants to launch an attack near the kibbutz Sufa.{{sfn|Shapir|Perel|2014|p=53}}{{sfn|Rubenstein|2015|p=125}}

The IDF announced on 11 August 2014 they had successfully tested a system that could be used to detect these tunnels.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.i24news.tv/en/news/international/middle-east/37444-140717-israel-tests-system-to-detect-hamas-tunnels|title=Israel tests system to detect Hamas tunnels|agency=[[i24news]]|date=17 July 2014|archive-date=14 August 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814222422/http://www.i24news.tv/en/news/international/middle-east/37444-140717-israel-tests-system-to-detect-hamas-tunnels}}</ref> This new system uses a combination of sensors and special transmitters to locate tunnels.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jspacenews.com/israel-tests-new-terror-tunnel-detection-system/|title=Israel Tests New Terror Tunnel Detection System|first=Shira|last=Kipnees|place=[[Israel]]|date=17 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814225238/http://www.jspacenews.com/israel-tests-new-terror-tunnel-detection-system/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=14 August 2014}}</ref> The IDF expects development to cost up to NIS 1.5 billion, and could be deployed within the year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/IDF-successfully-tests-system-designed-to-detect-terror-tunnels-370754|title=IDF successfully tests system designed to detect terror tunnels|work=Jerusalem Post|date=11 August 2014|archive-date=11 August 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811235955/http://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/IDF-successfully-tests-system-designed-to-detect-terror-tunnels-370754}}</ref>

The IDF located a cross-border tunnel exiting near the area of [[Holit]] in May 2016, that had apparently been rebuilt as a bypass after initially being destroyed during [[Operation Protective Edge]].<ref name="Cohen2016">{{cite news |last1=Cohen |first1=Gili |title=IDF Discovers Hamas Tunnel Extending From Gaza Into Israel for Second Time in One Month |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2016-05-05/ty-article/.premium/idf-discovers-cross-border-hamas-tunnel/0000017f-f57e-d044-adff-f7ff6c510000 |work=[[Haaretz]] |date=5 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220906130035/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2016-05-05/ty-article/.premium/idf-discovers-cross-border-hamas-tunnel/0000017f-f57e-d044-adff-f7ff6c510000 |archive-date=6 September 2022}}</ref>

Israel began the construction of a border wall in the summer of 2017 which stretched several meters underground to counter tunnel assaults.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2018/01/24/579180146/israel-speeds-up-underground-border-wall-to-block-gaza-tunnels|title=Israel Speeds Up Underground Border Wall To Block Gaza Tunnels|work=NPR.org|access-date=21 April 2018|language=en}}</ref> The structure is equipped with sensors to detect future tunnel construction. Concrete for the structure was produced using five concrete factories dedicated to the project and about 10 meters was completed daily. The structure was placed entirely on Israeli land.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/01/18/israel-unveils-plans-40-mile-underground-wall-around-gaza/|title=Israel unveils plans for 40-mile underground wall around Gaza|last=Sanchez|first=Raf|date=2018|work=The Telegraph|access-date=21 April 2018|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}</ref>

Israeli forces destroyed a tunnel on 30 October 2017 that crossed the Gaza border into Israeli territory.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/30/israel-destroys-tunnel-from-gaza-killing-seven-palestinians Israel destroys tunnel from Gaza, killing seven Palestinians], Guardian, 30 October 2017</ref> Twelve Palestinians, including ten members of [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine]] and two [[Hamas]] militants, were killed in the blast and subsequent rescue efforts.<ref>[https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Israel-says-its-holding-bodies-of-Gaza-terrorists-killed-in-tunnel-blast-513413 ISRAEL SAYS IT'S HOLDING BODIES OF GAZA TERRORISTS KILLED IN TUNNEL BLAST], JPost, 5 November 2017</ref> The most senior person killed was Brigade Commander Arafat Marshood of Islamic Jihad's al-Quds Brigades.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/palestinians-killed-israel-hits-gaza-tunnel-171030155933649.html|title=Seven Palestinians killed as Israel strikes Gaza tunnel|date=30 October 2017|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref>

Israeli forces destroyed an additional tunnel that crossed the border on 10 December 2017.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-palestinians-tunnel/israel-says-it-has-destroyed-hamas-attack-tunnel-from-gaza-idUSKBN1E40BR Israel says it has destroyed Hamas attack tunnel from Gaza ], Reuters, 10 December 2017</ref>

Following the destruction of an attack tunnel from Gaza that crossed into Egypt and Israel in January 2018,<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-palestinians-tunnel/israel-says-it-destroyed-gaza-attack-tunnel-under-egyptian-border-idUSKBN1F3079 Israel says it destroyed Gaza attack tunnel under Egyptian border], Reuters, 14 January 2018</ref> [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] Major General [[Yoav Mordechai]], speaking in Arabic, said, "I want to send a message to everyone who is digging or gets too close to the tunnels: As you've seen in the past two months, these tunnels bring only death," referring to Hamas tunnels that had recently been destroyed by Israel. Major General Eyal Zamir stated that more Hamas tunnels into Israel would be destroyed as the construction of a barrier around the Gaza Strip will soon be completed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/general-says-jewish-brains-found-solution-to-eliminate-all-hamas-tunnels/|title=General says 'Jewish brains' have found solution to eliminate all Hamas tunnels|last=Pileggi|first=Tamar|date=14 January 2018|website=The Times of Israel}}</ref>

The Israeli military announced in April 2018 it destroyed a tunnel that was called the "longest ever" and stretched several kilometers from inside the Gaza Strip, near Jabalia, and reached several meters into Israel, towards Nahal Oz, though no exit had yet been built.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-43775110|title=Israel destroys 'longest' Gaza tunnel|date=15 April 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=18 April 2018|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Kubovich |first1=Yaniv |title=Israeli Army Destroys 'Longest Ever' Hamas Attack Tunnel Crossing From Gaza Into Israel |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2018-04-15/ty-article/.premium/israeli-army-destroys-hamas-attack-tunnel-crossing-into-israel/0000017f-e64e-df2c-a1ff-fe5fcd7e0000 |website=Haaretz |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820003057/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2018-04-15/ty-article/.premium/israeli-army-destroys-hamas-attack-tunnel-crossing-into-israel/0000017f-e64e-df2c-a1ff-fe5fcd7e0000 |archive-date=20 August 2022 |date=15 April 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

An Israeli airstrike destroyed a naval tunnel belonging to Hamas militants for the first time in June 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/IDF-neutralizs-Hamas-naval-terror-tunnel-559616|title=IN OPERATIONAL FIRST, IDF DESTROYS HAMAS UNDERWATER TERROR TUNNEL|date=10 June 2018|work=Jerusalem Post|access-date=10 June 2018}}</ref>

The Israeli Ministry of Defense released the first pictures of an underwater barrier with Gaza in August 2018, designed to prevent Hamas infiltrations by sea. Construction of the barrier started two months before and is expected to be completed by the end of the year, stretching two hundred meters into the Mediterranean.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Israel-releases-first-pictures-of-underwater-barrier-with-Gaza-564188|title=ISRAEL RELEASES FIRST PICTURES OF UNDERWATER BARRIER WITH GAZA|date=5 August 2018|work=Jerusalem Post|access-date=7 August 2018}}</ref>

The Israeli military destroyed a tunnel in the southern Gaza Strip in October 2018 that was {{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|200|m|ft|abbr=on}} of which encroached upon Israeli territory.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Kubovich |first1=Yaniv |last2=Ben Zikri |first2=Almog |date=11 October 2018 |title=Army Destroys Gaza Attack Tunnel That Reached Inside Israel |work=[[Haaretz]] |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2018-10-11/ty-article/army-destroys-gaza-attack-tunnel-that-reached-inside-israel/0000017f-e643-dea7-adff-f7fb6b770000 |url-status=live |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701085713/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2018-10-11/ty-article/army-destroys-gaza-attack-tunnel-that-reached-inside-israel/0000017f-e643-dea7-adff-f7fb6b770000 |archive-date=1 July 2022}}</ref>

Israeli airstrikes in May 2021 destroyed over 100 kilometers of tunnel network inside Gaza during [[Operation Guardian of the Walls]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/over-100-km-of-hamas-tunnels-destroyed-in-operation-idf-668741|title=No rockets since 2 a.m. ceasefire, over 100 km of Hamas tunnels destroyed|date=21 May 2021|work=Jerusalem Post|access-date=7 June 2021}}</ref>

The Israeli [[Ministry of Defense (Israel)|Ministry of Defense]] announced in December 2021 that a 65-kilometer [[Anti-tunnel barrier along Israel-Gaza Strip border|underground barrier]] to deal with the threat of cross-border tunnels along the border with Gaza had been completed.<ref>{{cite web | title=Israel completes upgraded barrier with the Gaza Strip | website=Jerusalem Post | date=7 December 2021 |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/israel-completes-upgraded-barrier-with-the-gaza-strip-688089}}</ref>

The Israeli Defense Forces were reported to be considering the use of [[sponge bomb]]s in October 2023 as a non-lethal means of sealing tunnels during their incursion into the Gaza Strip.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/10/25/sponge-bomb-new-weapon-israel-gaza-tunnels-war-hamas/|title='Sponge bombs': Israel's new secret weapon for inside Hamas tunnels|newspaper=The Telegraph |date=30 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030124614/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/10/25/sponge-bomb-new-weapon-israel-gaza-tunnels-war-hamas/ |accessdate=30 October 2023|archive-date=30 October 2023 |last1=Nicholls |first1=Dominic }}</ref>

The Egyptian government has also regarded the tunnels as a security risk. In 2013, Egypt attempted to destroy certain tunnels along its Gaza border by filling them with [[sewage]] and demolishing houses that hid their entrances, according to Joel Roskin, a geology professor at [[Bar-Ilan University]].<ref name="themetro">{{Cite news |last1=Leonhardt |first1=David |last2=Jackson |first2=Lauren |date=30 October 2023 |title=Gaza's Vital Tunnels |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/30/briefing/gaza-tunnels.html |access-date=30 October 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Anti-tunnel barrier along the Gaza–Israel border]]
* [[Gaza Strip smuggling tunnels]]
* [[Sinaloa Cartel#Tijuana Airport/Drug Super Tunnels]]
* [[2014 Nahal Oz attack]]
* {{ill|Mahmoud Rushdi Eshtewi|ar|محمود اشتيوي}}
* [[Hezbollah tunnels]]
* [[Củ Chi tunnels]]

==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin|indent=yes|2}}
* {{cite book |last=Black |first=Ian |title=Enemies and Neighbors: Arabs and Jews in Palestine and Israel, 1917–2017 |date=2017 |publisher=Atlantic Monthly Press |location=New York |author-link=Ian Black (journalist)}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Cohen |first1=Raphael S. |title=From Cast Lead to Protective Edge: Lessons from Israel's War in Gaza |last2=Johnson |first2=David E. |last3=Thaler |first3=David E. |last4=Allen |first4=Brenna |last5=Bartels |first5=Elizabeth M. |last6=Cahill |first6=James |last7=Efron |first7=Shira |publisher=[[RAND Corporation]] |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-8330-9787-3 |location=Santa Monica, California |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507082627/https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1800/RR1888/RAND_RR1888.pdf |archive-date=7 May 2023 |url-status=live |url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1888.html}}
* {{cite book |last1=Filiu |first1=Jean-Pierre |title=Gaza: A History |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |translator-last=King |translator-first=John |author-link=Jean-Pierre Filiu |isbn=9780190201890 |edition=}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Haddad |first=Toufic |date=June 2018 |title=Insurgent Infrastructure: Tunnels of the Gaza Strip |url=https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/ep/0003/article/view/7594 |url-status=live |journal=Middle East – Topics & Arguments |volume= 10|issue= |pages=71–85 |doi=10.17192/meta.2018.10.7594 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014163610/https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/ep/0003/article/download/7594/7634/16141 |archive-date=14 October 2023}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Lichtenwald |first1=Terrance G. |last2=Perri |first2=Frank S. |date=17 June 2013 |title=Terrorist Use of Smuggling Tunnels |url=https://lifescienceglobal.com/pms/index.php/ijcs/article/view/1200 |url-status=live |journal=International Journal of Criminology and Sociology |volume=2 |pages=210–226 |doi=10.6000/1929-4409.2013.02.21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218093516/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/92b2/34c69bbf9b32bf6497a8e4b38d877b8fad20.pdf |archive-date=18 February 2020|doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal |last=Pelham |first=Nicholas |title=Gaza's Tunnel Phenomenon: The Unintended Dynamics of Israel's Siege |publisher=University of California Press |journal=Journal of Palestine Studies |volume=41 |number=4 |jstor=10.1525/jps.2012.XLI.4.6 |doi=10.1525/jps.2012.xli.4.6 |date=Summer 2012 |pages=6–31}}
* {{Cite book |last=Rodman |first=David |title=Combined Arms Warfare in Israeli Military History: From the War of Independence to Operation Protective Edge |publisher=Sussex Academic Press |year=2019 |isbn=9781845199678}}
* {{Cite book |last=Rubenstein|first=Daniel | author-link = Daniel Rubenstein |chapter=Hamas' Tunnel Network: A Massacre in the Making |title= The Gaza War 2014: The War Israel Did Not Want and the Disaster It Averted |editor-last1=Goodman |editor-first1=Hirsh |editor-last2=Gold |editor-first2=Dore |url= https://jcpa.org/pdf/The-Gaza-War-2014-Site.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230816004308/https://jcpa.org/pdf/The-Gaza-War-2014-Site.pdf |archive-date=16 August 2023 | url-status = live |publisher=Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs|year=2015 |isbn=9789652181251|pages=119–129}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Shamir |first1=Eitan |last2=Hecht |first2=Eado |date=1 December 2014 |title=Gaza 2014: Israel's Attrition vs Hamas' Exhaustion |url=https://press.armywarcollege.edu/parameters/vol44/iss4/10/ |url-status=live |journal=The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=81–90 |doi=10.55540/0031-1723.2972 |s2cid=152753536 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131044005/https://press.armywarcollege.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2972&context=parameters |archive-date=31 January 2023|doi-access=free }}
* {{cite book |last1=Shapir |first1=Yiftah S. |chapter=Subterranean Warfare: A New-Old Challenge |editor-last1=Kurz |editor-first1=Anat |editor-last2=Brom |editor-first2=Shlomo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027153451/https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/systemfiles/Subterranean%20Warfare_%20A%20New-Old%20Challenge.pdf |archive-date=27 October 2021 |url-status=live |title=The Lessons of Operation Protective Edge |last2=Perel |first2=Gal |date=2014 |publisher=Institute for National Security Studies (INSS) |url=https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/systemfiles/Subterranean%20Warfare_%20A%20New-Old%20Challenge.pdf}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Slesinger|first=Ian|date=8 February 2018|title=A Cartography of the Unknowable: Technology, Territory and Subterranean Agencies in Israel's Management of the Gaza Tunnels |journal= Geopolitics |volume=25 |pages=71–85 |doi=10.1080/14650045.2017.1399878 |s2cid=149236341 |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Watkins |first1=Nicole J. |last2=James |first2=Alena M. |date=Spring 2016 |title=Digging Into Israel: The Sophisticated Tunneling Network of Hamas |url=https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1508&context=jss |journal=Journal of Strategic Security |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=84–103 |doi=10.5038/1944-0472.9.1.1508 |s2cid=264300495 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605204916/https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1508&context=jss |archive-date=2022-06-05|doi-access=free }}
* {{cite book |last=Weizman |first=Eyal |title=Hollow Land: Israel's Architecture of Occupation |publisher=Verso |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-78663-448-1 |location=New York |author-link=Eyal Weizman}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Palestinian tunnel warfare in the Gaza Strip}}
*[https://www.idf.il/en/minisites/facts-and-figures/hamas/the-gaza-tunnel-industry/ The Gaza Tunnel Industry], [[Israel Defense Forces]] (including photos), 2018
*[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/26/world/middleeast/beneath-israel-gaza-border-tunnels-used-by-palestinian-militants-have-been-found-by-israeli-forces-since-ground-invasion.html Peering Into Darkness Beneath the Israel-Gaza Border], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 25 July 2014 (including a map of some of the tunnels)
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aWkjwfkh-qM IDF footage of tunnel entrance built in basement of Gaza mosque]

{{2014 Israel–Gaza conflict}}
{{Gaza war}}
{{Israel–Gaza conflict}}
{{Israeli–Palestinian conflict}}

{{coord missing|Israel}}

[[Category:Tunnel warfare]]
[[Category:2014 Gaza War]]
[[Category:2014 in Israel]]
[[Category:2014 in the Gaza Strip]]
[[Category:Gaza–Israel conflict]]
[[Category:Tunnels in Palestine]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Transport in Palestine]]
[[Category:Tunnel construction]]

Tribal religions in India

2026-03-09T14:40:42Z

Rkrakeshboro: updated page

{{Short description|None}}
[[File:2011 Census Scheduled Tribes distribution map India by state and union territory.svg|thumb|upright=1.55|Scheduled Tribes distribution map in India by state and union territory according to the 2011 Census.]]
Roughly 8.6 per cent of [[India]]'s population is made up of "[[Scheduled castes and tribes|Scheduled Tribes]]" (STs), traditional tribal communities. In India those who are not Christians, [[Muslims]], [[Jews]] or [[Zoroastrians]] are identified as [[Hindus]] — the reason being varied beliefs and practices are allowed in Hinduism and it is accorded as a geographical identity rather than merely a religious one. Although many of the Scheduled Tribes have modes of worship not typical to mainstream Hinduism, they ontologically form a part of the cultural practices of the land, as nature or ancestral worship, with varying degrees of [[syncretism]].{{cn|date=November 2024}}

According to the [[2011 census of India]], about 7.9 million (7,937,734) out of 1.21 billion people did not adhere to any of the subcontinent's main religious communities of [[Hinduism]], [[Islam]], [[Christianity]], [[Sikhism]], [[Buddhism]], or [[Jainism]]. The census listed [[atheist]]s, [[Zoroastrians]], [[Jews]], and various specified and unspecified tribal religions separately under the header "Other Religions and Persuasions".<ref name="census2011">{{cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11398/download/14511/DDW00C-01%20Appendix%20MDDS.xlsx |format=xlsx |title=C-01 Appendix: Details of religious community shown under 'Other religions and persuasions' in main table C01 - 2011 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 July 2023}}</ref>

Of these religious census groupings, the most numerous are [[Sarna (religion)|Sarna]] (4.9 million respondents), [[Gondi people|Gondi]] (1 million), [[Sari Dharam]] (506,000), [[Donyi-Poloism]] (331,000); [[Sanamahi religion|Sanamahi]] (222,000) and [[Khasi people|Khasi]] (139,000), with all other religions numbering less than 100,000 respondents, including 18,000 for "tribal religion", 5,600 for "nature religion", and 4,100 "animists".<ref name="census2011"/> The Scheduled Tribes account 89.39% (7,095,408) of total ORP in India.<ref>{{cite web|title=ST-14: Scheduled Tribe population by religious community, 2011 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114034625/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html |archive-date=14 November 2019}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{Historical population
|1871|5102823
|1881|6426511
|1891|9280466
|1901|8584148
|1911|10295168
|1921|9774611
|1931|8280347
|1941|25441497
|1951|4985645
|footnote=Note: [[Census in British India|Colonial census]] data contain discrepancies due to changing political boundaries, unrecorded areas, varied methodologies, and administrative priorities of the era, wherein the religious beliefs of diverse tribal groups were clubbed under single general category, such as Animist or Tribal religion. The post-independence census publishes returns for each religious belief separately.
|source=Census of India<ref>{{Citation |last=Roshan |first=Rajesh |title=Tribe, Religion, and Census of India (From 1871 to 2011) |date=2024-09-02 |work=The Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Readings on Tribe and Religions in India |pages=140–178 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003516415/chapters/10.4324/9781003516415-13 |access-date=2024-12-06 |edition=1 |place=London |publisher=Routledge India |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781003516415-13 |isbn=978-1-003-51641-5|url-access=subscription }}</ref>}}
{{Pie chart
|caption=State/UT wise distribution of 7.9 million {{abbr|ORP|Other Religions and Persuasions}} of India, 2011 census<ref name="census2011"/>
|thumb=right
|value1=53.36
|label1=[[Religion in Jharkhand|Jharkhand]]
|value2=11.87
|label2=[[Religion in West Bengal|West Bengal]]
|value3=7.55
|label3=[[Religion in Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]]
|value4=6.23
|label4=[[Chhattisgarh]]
|value5=6.03
|label5=[[Odisha]]
|value6=4.57
|label6=[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|value7=3.25
|label7=[[Meghalaya]]
|value8=2.95
|label8=[[Manipur]]
|value9=2.25
|label9=[[Maharashtra]]
|other=yes
|other-color=grey
}}

{{static row numbers}}{{sort under}}{{Table alignment}}{{row hover highlight}}
{|class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text defaultleft col2right col4center hover-highlight"
|+ Statistics for the other religions and persuasions, 2011 census<ref name="census2011"/><ref>{{cite web|title=ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table (For Each Tribe Separately) |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14A.html |publisher=Office of The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920222100/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14A.html |archive-date=20 September 2016 }}</ref>
! Religious belief !! Population !! State/UT {{nobold|{{small|(significant five)}}}} !! ST Adherent (%) !! Primary ST Adherents {{nobold|{{small|(significant five)}}}}
|-
| [[Sarnaism|Sarna]] || 4,957,467 || 99.98% in: Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar, Chhattisgarh || 92.61 || [[Santal people|Santal]], [[Kurukh people|Oraon]], [[Ho people|Ho]], [[Munda people|Munda]], [[Lohra (tribe)|Lohar]]
|-
| [[Gondi people#Religion|Gond/ Gondi]]|| 1,026,344 || 99.97% in: Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand || 98.45 || [[Gondi people|Gond]], [[Pardhan language|Pardhan]], [[Baiga]], Agaria, ''Generic tribe''
|-
| [[Sari Dharam|Sari Dharma]] || 506,369 || 100% in: West Bengal || 97.42 || [[Santal people|Santal]], [[Kora (tribe)|Kora]], [[Bhumij people|Bhumij]], [[Mahli]], ''Generic tribe''
|-
| [[Donyi-Polo|Doni Polo/ Sidonyi Polo]]|| 331,370 || 99.96% in: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam || 98.79 || [[Nyishi people|Nyishi]], [[Galo tribe|Galong]], [[Adi people|Adi]], [[Tagin people|Tagin]], [[Apatani people|Apatan]]
|-
| [[Sanamahism|Sanamahi]]|| 222,422 || 99.95% in: Manipur || 0.32 || [[Kabui]], [[Maring people|Maring]], ''Generic tribe''
|-
| [[Khasi people|Khasi]]|| 138,512 || 99.98% in: Meghalaya || 98.23 || [[Khasi people|Khasi]], [[Mikir]], [[Dimasa people|Dimasa]], ''Generic tribe''
|-
| [[Adivasi]]|| 86,877 || 96.32% in: Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat || 94.94 || [[Kurukh people|Oraon]], [[Gondi people|Gond]], [[Halba (tribe)|Halba]], [[Kharwar]], [[Bhil]]
|-
| [[Niamtre]]|| 84,276 || 99.98% in: Meghalaya || 96.05 || [[Khasi people|Khasi]], [[Synteng]], [[Pawi people|Pawi]], ''Generic tribe''
|-
| Adi Dharam|| 82,255 || 100% in: Odisha, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal || 97.46 || [[Kurukh people|Oraon]], [[Nagesia]], [[Korwa people|Korwa]], [[Gondi people|Gond]], [[Munda people|Munda]]
|-
| Adim dhamm || 57,022 || 99.98% in: Chhattisgarh || 97.48 || [[Gondi people|Gond]], [[Halba (tribe)|Halba]]
|-
| ''[[Atheism|Atheist]]''|| 33,304 || 82.15% in: Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu || 46.43 || [[Khasi people|Khasi]], [[Bhil]], [[Garo people|Garo]]
|-
| Bidin || 29,553 || 98.76% in: Jharkhand || 98.89 || [[Santal people|Santal]], [[Sauria Paharia people|Sauria Paharia]], [[Mal Paharia people|Mal Paharia]], ''Generic tribes''
|-
| Adi || 24,381 || 98.73% in: Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh || 96.25 || [[Kurukh people|Oraon]], [[Kolha]], [[Nagesia]], [[Gondi people|Gond]], [[Kisan people|Kisan]]
|-
| [[Songsarek]]|| 19,834 || 99.84% in: Meghalaya || 97.13 || [[Garo people|Garo]], ''Generic tribe''
|-
| [[Yuma Sammang|Yumasam]]|| 19,093 || 99.86% in: Sikkim, West Bengal || 92.68 || [[Limboo]], [[Limbu people|Limbu (Subba)]], ''Generic tribe''
|-
| [[Tribal religion]]|| 17,393 || 96.84% in: Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh || 83.52 || [[Mishmi people|Mishmi]], [[Nocte people|Nocte]], [[Kaman (Miju) Mishmis|Kaman/Miju Mishmi]], Miji
|-
| [[Rangfrah|Rangfra]]|| 10,598 || 100% in: Arunachal Pradesh || 96.46 || [[Tangsa Naga|Tangsa]], Longchang Tangsa, [[Naga people|Naga]], [[Tangsa Naga|Moglum Tangsa]], Taisen Tangsa
|-
| [[Heraka]]|| 9,956* || 99.95% in: Manipur, Nagaland, Assam || 122.2 ||
|-
| Santal || 6,485 || 99.11% in: West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha, Bihar || 84.19 || [[Santal people|Santal]], ''Generic tribe''
|-
| ''[[Nature religion|Nature Religion]]''|| 5,635 || 98.49% in: Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand || 92.28 || [[Khonds|Khond]], [[Gondi people|Gond]], [[Mal Paharia people|Mal Paharia]], [[Korwa people|Korwa]], [[Baiga]]
|-
| [[Baháʼí Faith]]|| 4,572 || 58.81% in: Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Odisha, West Bengal || 11.81 || [[Kunbi]], [[Kokna (tribe)|Kokna]]
|-
| Nani Intiya || 4,528 || 100% in: Arunachal Pradesh || 98.9 || [[Mishmi people|Mishmi]]
|-
| ''[[Animism|Animist]]''|| 4,130 || 98.26% in: Sikkim, West Bengal, Nagaland || 11.07 || [[Naga people|Naga]]
|-
| Dupub || 3,326 || 99.97% in: Odisha, Jharkhand || 97.9 || [[Ho people|Ho]], [[Kol people|Kol]], [[Kolha]]
|-
| [[Birsa Munda|Birsa]]|| 2,395 || 99.87% in: Jharkhand || 97.66 || [[Munda people|Munda]]
|-
| [[Ahom religion|Fralung]]|| 2,381 || 100% in: Assam || 4.07 || ''Generic tribe''
|-
| [[Paganism|Pagan]]|| 2,088* || 99.95% in: Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland || 106.37 || [[Garo people|Garo]], [[Poumai Naga people|Poumai Naga]], [[Naga people|Naga]]
|-
| Baiga || 1,884 || 99.79% in: Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh || 96.92 || [[Baiga]]
|-
| [[Tadvi Bhil|Tadvi]]|| 1,786 || 99.1% in: Maharashtra || 96.64 || [[Bhil]], [[Dhanka]]
|-
| [[Nocte people#Religion|Nocte]]|| 1,511 || 99.47% in: Arunachal Pradesh || 97.49 || [[Nocte people|Nocte]]
|-
| Sarnam || 1,494 || 99.8% in: Jharkhand, Odisha || 93.04 || [[Bhumij people|Bhumij]]
|-
| Ho || 1,418 || 95.77% in: Jharkhand, Odisha || 84.41 || [[Ho people|Ho]]
|-
| Nyarino || 1,365 || 100% in: Arunachal Pradesh || 96.92 || [[Aka (tribe)|Aka]]
|-
| Budhadeo || 1,345 || 99.18% in: Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh || 67.88 || [[Gondi people|Gond]]
|-
| Bhil || 1,323 || 98.34% in: Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan || 67.57 || [[Bhil]]
|-
| {{nat|A.C.}} || 1,317 || 94.76% in: Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu || 67.81 || [[Bhil]]
|-
| [[Traditional Religion|Traditional religion]]|| 1,239 || 98.87% in: Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh || 95.8 || [[Mikir]]
|-
| Intaya || 1,208 || 99.92% in: Arunachal Pradesh || 99.34 || [[Mishmi people|Mishmi]]
|-
| [[Tana Bhagats|Tana Bhagat]]|| 1,108 || 99.91% in: Jharkhand || 96.39 || [[Kurukh people|Oraon]]
|-
| Oraon || 1,091 || 82.68% in: Jharkhand, West Bengal || 82.13 || [[Kurukh people|Oraon]], ''Generic tribe''
|-
| Munda || 1,086 || 96.32% in: Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha || 87.02 || [[Munda people|Munda]]
|}

==Customs==
The tribal people observe their festivals, which have no direct conflict with any religion, and they conduct marriage among them according to their tribal custom. They have their own way of life to maintain all privileges in matters connected with marriage and succession, according to their customary tribal faith.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}} In keeping with the nature of [[Indian religions|Indian religion]] generally, these particular religions often involve traditions of [[ancestor worship]] or worship of spirits of natural features.<ref>[[National Council of Educational Research and Training]]. "Social and Political Life - III". Publication Department, NCERT, 2009, p.83.</ref>

The various tribes can be categorised into different major linguistic groupings, such as [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]], [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]], [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]], [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]], and [[Andamanese languages|Andamanese]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-24 |title=Tribal Languages in India – Introduction (1/4) |url=https://www.wordsinthebucket.com/indian-tribal-languages-1 |access-date=2023-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924051948/https://www.wordsinthebucket.com/indian-tribal-languages-1 |archive-date=2019-09-24 }}</ref>

About 25% of the [[Munda people]] and [[Oraon people]], and 60% of the [[Kharia language|Kharia]] people of Jharkhand (population about 130,000), are Christian. Altogether, 43% of [[Kharia people|Kharia]] population is Hindu while 46% is Christian. However, almost two-thirds (63%) of the [[Santhal people|Santhal]], over 40% of [[Munda people|Munda]] and [[Ho people|Ho]] tribal population are Hindus. Tribal groups in the [[Himalayas]] were similarly affected by both [[Hinduism]] and [[Buddhism]] in the late 20th century. The small hunting-and-gathering groups in the union territory of [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands|the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] have been under severe pressure of cultural assimilation.<ref name=tr>{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/india/57.htm|title=The Green Revolution in India|work=U.S. Library of Congress (released in [[public domain]])|publisher=Library of Congress Country Studies|access-date=2007-10-06}}</ref>

==Recognition==
According to the Indian legal system, all the native or [[indigenous religions]] of India fall broadly under Hinduism, since the constitution does not classify only [[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic religions]] as [[Hinduism]] as used in the colloquial norm. The term [[wikt:𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁#Old Persian|"Hindu" is derived from Persian]] meaning "[[Indo subcontinent|Indo]]" (or Indian), hence the official word "Hinduism" broadly refers to all the native cultures of the Indian subcontinent. The 1955 Hindu Marriage Act "[defines] as Hindus anyone who is not a [[Christian]], [[Muslim]], or [[Jew]]".<ref>{{citation |last=Cavanaugh |first=William T. |year=2009 |title=The Myth of Religious Violence : Secular Ideology and the Roots of Modern Conflict: Secular Ideology and the Roots of Modern Conflict |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=88 |url=https://archive.org/details/mythofreligiousv0000cava |url-access=registration |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195385045.001.0001}}</ref>

== List of Tribal Religions in India ==
{{unsourced section|date=April 2025}}
* [[Northeast India]]
** [[Donyi-Polo]]
** [[Sanamahi]]
** [[Songsarek religion|Songsarek]]
** [[Ka Niam Khasi]]
** Kundimama
** [[Niamtre]]
** [[Rangfrah]]
** [[Heraka]]
** [[Wancho Religion]]
** [[Nocte Religion]]
** [[Tiwa people (India)|Tiwa Religion ]]
** [[Ahom religion]]
** [[Keoliya]]
** [[Daikhoism]]
** [[Aronban]]
** [[Lokhimon]]
** [[Sat Sang]]
** [[Honghari]]
** [[Cumulang]]
** [[Dyaoism]]
** [[Siangsawn Pasian]]
** [[Krama Religion]]
** [[Sanamahism]]
** [[Sari Dharam]]
* [[East India]]
** [[Bon]]
** [[Kiratism]]
** [[Yumaism]]
** [[Sarnaism|Sarna]]
** [[Sari Dharam]]
** [[Onge Religion]]
** [[Jarawa Religion]]
* [[Central India]]
** [[Koyapunem]]

==See also==
* [[Dravidian folk religion]]
* [[Folk Hinduism]]
* [[Indian religions]]
* [[Kalashism]] and [[Nuristanis#Pre-Islamic religion|Kafirism]]
* [[Bon]]
* [[Freedom of religion in India]]
* [[List of ethnic religions]]
* [[List of religions and spiritual traditions]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Religion in India topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tribal Religions In India}}
[[Category:Indian religions]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]
[[Category:Asian shamanism]]

Strir Patra

2026-03-07T06:34:29Z

Rkrakeshboro: Stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Strir Patra
| image = Strir Patra DVD cover.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Purnendu Patri]]
| producer = Dhrupadi
| writer = Purnendu Patri (screenplay); [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (original story)
| starring = {{ubl|[[Madhabi Mukherjee]]|[[Rajeshwari Raychowdhury]]|Smita Sinha}}
| music = Ramkumar Chatterjee
| cinematography = Shakti Banerjee
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1972}}
| runtime = 98 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
}}

'''''Strir Patra''''' (also '''''Streer Patra'''''; English: ''A Wife's Letter'') is a 1972 Bengali film, directed by [[Purnendu Patri]], based on a short story by [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. [[Madhabi Mukherjee]] plays the lead role. Tagore's story, first published in 1914, has been considered to be a path-breaking feminist text.<ref name="silhouette">{{cite web|last1=Chakraborty|first1=Sridarshini|title=On Streer Patra|url=https://learningandcreativity.com/silhouette/streer-patra-bengali-film/|website=Silhouette Magazine|access-date=30 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="indianexpress">{{cite news|title=Tagore and his women: Works that conveyed feminism very strongly|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/out-of-their-confines-a-look-at-the-unbound-women-of-tagore-on-his-155th-birth-anniversary-2790716/|access-date=30 January 2018|work=The Indian Express|agency=IANS|date=7 May 2017}}</ref> The film won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali]],<ref name="dff">{{cite web|title=Twentieth National Awards for Excellence in Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm20thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=20NFA.pdf|website=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=19 May 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721170649/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm20thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=20NFA.pdf|archive-date=21 July 2011|df=}}</ref> as well as a number of BFJA Awards.<ref name="gomolobfja">{{cite web|title=BFJA Awards (1974)|url=http://www.gomolo.com/7/bfja-awards-1974|website=gomolo.com|access-date=31 January 2018}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Tagore's story is written in epistolary form - the letter from the wife forms the entire text. The film uses the letter as a frame for the narrative. It tells the story of Mrinal ([[Madhabi Mukherjee]]), a young woman from a poor family, married into an aristocratic joint family of [[Calcutta]]. She is chosen as a bride because of her beauty. However, it is her intelligence that turns out to be the key factor in the story. Women in the family lead a life that is confined to the kitchen and the bedroom. Mrinal's sister-in-law (Smita Sinha) accepts the system unquestioningly. Mrinal is different; she takes an independent stance on several domestic matters, and secretly writes poetry. Her daughter dies soon after birth. Mrinal's life changes when Bindu (Rajeshwari Roychowdhury), her sister-in-law's sister, comes to stay. The family is not happy at this development. They treat Bindu like an unpaid servant, with Mrinal alone standing up for her. To get rid of the problem, the men force Bindu into an arranged marriage, and even her sister considers this to be the best solution. However, Bindu's husband (Nimu Bhowmick) turns out to be mentally unstable and violent. Once again, Bindu seeks shelter with her sister. Now, however, the situation has become untenable, and Bindu commits suicide. Meanwhile, Mrinal has managed to get permission to go on a pilgrimage to Puri with relatives. Through these tragic events, she has come to realise that women have no freedom in a patriarchal society. Standing on the seashore at Puri, she makes up her mind, and writes a letter to her husband declaring that she would never return to their house.

== Cast ==
* [[Madhabi Mukherjee]] as Mrinal
* [[Rajeshwari Raychowdhury]] as Bindu
* Nimu Bhowmick as Bindu's husband
* [[Santosh Dutta]] as the doctor
* Asim Chakraborty
* Smita Sinha as Mrinal's sister-in-law
* [[Rudraprasad Sengupta]]
* Ayan Bandyopadhyay <ref name="gomolocastcrew">{{cite web|title=Streer Patra (1973) Cast and Crew|url=http://www.gomolo.com/streer-patra-movie-cast-crew/14160|website=gomolo.com|accessdate=1 February 2018}}</ref>

== Crew ==
* Direction - [[Purnendu Patri]]
* Screenplay - Purnendu Patri
* Music - Ramkumar Chatterjee
* Cinematography - Shakti Banerjee
* Art direction - Purnendu Patri
* Editing - Arabinda Bhattacharyya <ref name="silhouette" /><ref name="gomolocastcrew" />

== Production ==
===Casting===
The choice of [[Madhabi Mukherjee]] to play the lead role was perhaps automatic, given her stellar performance as a Tagore heroine in [[Satyajit Ray]]'s ''[[Charulata]]''. Apart from her and [[Santosh Dutta]], who were well-known in Bengali cinema, the cast of the film included several prominent stage actors such as [[Rudraprasad Sengupta]], who was with the theatre group [[Nandikar]] and would later become its leader, and Asim Chakraborty, who had set up Chaturmukh theatre group.<ref name="gomoloasim">{{cite web|title=Asim Chakraborty Biography|url=http://www.gomolo.com/asim-chakraborty-biography/137|website=gomolo.com|accessdate=3 February 2018}}</ref>

===Shooting===
Purnendu Patri not only wrote the screenplay for the film, but also handled the art direction. The film was shot on location in Dhurjati Dham, an iconic old building in North Calcutta (now declared a heritage building), which had earlier been used by Satyajit Ray for ''[[Jalsaghar]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Das|first1=Soumitra|title=Romancing the stone|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1071005/asp/frontpage/story_8399415.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208210432/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1071005/asp/frontpage/story_8399415.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 December 2007|accessdate=8 June 2017|work=The Telegraph|date=5 October 2007}}</ref>

===Music===
The choice of [[Ramkumar Chattopadhyay]] as Music Director was an unusual but appropriate one. Chatterjee had not composed music for films prior to ''Strir Patra'', but was well known as a classical singer with a unique repertoire of ''puratani'' (old Bengali) songs.<ref name="instablogs">{{cite web|last1=Ghosh|first1=Pallab|title=Ramkumar Chatterjee, Noted Classical Singer Passes Away|url=https://instablogs.com/ramkumar-chatterjee-noted-classical-singer-passes-away.html|website=instablogs.com|accessdate=30 January 2018}}</ref>

== Awards ==
* Twentieth National Film Awards: [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali]]<ref name="dff" />
* Tashkent Film Festival: Award for Best Direction<ref name="silhouette" />
* International Film Festival of India, 2011: Selected for screening in the section "Classics from Tagore"<ref name="iffi2011">{{cite web|title=IFFI 2011 - 1st Phase Screening Schedule|url=http://iffi.nic.in/ScreeningSechedule2011phase1.asp|website=International Film Festival of India|publisher=Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India|accessdate=3 June 2017}}</ref>
* BFJA Awards 1974 <ref name="gomolobfja"/>
** Best Indian films
** Best black-and-white cinematography - Shakti Banerjee
** Most outstanding work of the year - Ayan Bandyopadhyay

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0252018}}

{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Bengali}}


[[Category:1972 films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Rabindranath Tagore]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
[[Category:Best Bengali Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:1972 Bengali-language films]]

Bhoomi Thayiya Chochchala Maga

2026-03-03T22:02:41Z

Rkrakeshboro: further update citations as per guidelines and added references to improve readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Bhoomi Thayiya Chochchala Maga.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Rajendra Singh Babu]]
| writer = Rajendra Singh Babu
| starring = [[Shiva Rajkumar]] [[Ramesh Aravind]] [[Vijayalakshmi (Kannada actress)|Vijayalakshmi]]
| producer = [[Jai Jagadish]] [[Aditya (actor)|Dushyanth Singh]]
| music = [[V. Manohar]]
| cinematography = [[B. C. Gowrishankar]]
| editing = [[Suresh Urs]]
| studio = Vaibhavalakshmi Productions
| released = {{Film date|1998|09|18|df=y}}
| runtime = 144 minutes
| language = [[Kannada]]
| country = India
}}
'''''Bhoomi Thayiya Chochchala Maga''''' ({{translation|Motherland's First Son}}) is a 1998 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[drama film]] directed and written by [[Rajendra Singh Babu]]. It features [[Shiva Rajkumar]] and [[Ramesh Aravind]] along with [[Vijayalakshmi (Kannada actress)|Vijayalakshmi]] and [[Shilpa (actress)|Shilpa]] in other pivotal roles.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140212024237/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-10/news-interviews/43885281_1_sumana-kittur-pavan-wadeyar-kannada-movies Mysore directors foray into Sandalwood]</ref> The film won several laurels and awards upon release including the [[Karnataka State Film Awards]]. The film featured an original score and soundtrack composed and written by [[V. Manohar]].

[[Lokesh]]'s character was inspired by [[Dashrath Manjhi]], who cut a rocky hill for 22 years to build a road in memory of his dead wife. However, in the film, instead of building a road through a mountain, the character dismantles a mountain piece-by-piece to build a dam.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chitraloka.com/sensational-news/12244-manjhi-already-featured-in-kannada-films-exclusive.html |title=Manjhi Already Featured in Kannada Films - Exclusive |publisher=chitraloka.com |date=2015-08-22 |accessdate=2022-08-23 |archive-date=4 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204144742/https://chitraloka.com/sensational-news/12244-manjhi-already-featured-in-kannada-films-exclusive.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Olave-Mandara-A-fairytale-on-the-road/articleshow/21698823.cms|title=Olave Mandara: A fairytale on the road|access-date=19 October 2018|archive-date=19 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019205638/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Olave-Mandara-A-fairytale-on-the-road/articleshow/21698823.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Shiva Rajkumar]] as Karna
* [[Ramesh Aravind]] as Bharath Kumar
* [[Vijayalakshmi (Kannada actress)|Vijayalakshmi]] as Sapna Sagar
* [[Shilpa (actress)|Shilpa]] as Nilambika
*[[Sabyasachi Chakrabarty]] as Channabasappa
* [[Lokesh]] as Kallanna
* [[Rangayana Raghu]] as Patil
* [[Girija Lokesh]] as a villager
* Shankar Ashwath as Gurubasya
* [[Karibasavaiah]] as villager
* [[M. V. Vasudeva Rao]] as C. S. Narasimha Murthy
* [[G. K. Govinda Rao]] as [[Chief Minister (India)|Chief Minister]]
* [[Honnavalli Krishna]] as Krishna

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[V. Manohar]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kannadasongmp3.blogspot.in/2011/02/bhoomi-thayiya-chochala-maga-1998.html |title=Bhoomi Thayiya Chochala Maga [1998] |access-date=3 February 2014 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221181500/http://kannadasongmp3.blogspot.in/2011/02/bhoomi-thayiya-chochala-maga-1998.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Nesara Nesara
| extra1 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| lyrics1 = V. Manohar
| length1 =
| title2 = Sa Pa Ni Sa
| extra2 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| lyrics2 = V. Manohar
| length2 =
| title3 = Le Le Le Le
| extra3 = Rajesh Krishnan, K. S. Chithra, [[Ramesh Chandra (singer)|Ramesh Chandra]]
| lyrics3 = V. Manohar
| length3 =
| title4 = Bhoomi Thayiya
| extra4 = [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]
| lyrics4 = [[Da Ra Bendre]]
| length4 =
| title5 = Naa Preethiya Huduga
| extra5 = Rajesh Krishnan, [[Sowmya Raoh]]
| lyrics5 = V. Manohar
| length5 =
| title6 = Jhumka Jhumka
| extra6 = Rajesh Krishnan, Sowmya Raoh
| lyrics6 = V. Manohar
| length6 =
}}

== Reception ==
Srikanth Srinivasa of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' felt the film was inspired by two events: "the recent spate of farmers' suicides in North Karnataka due to crop failure" and Kannada poet [[D. R. Bendre]]'s poem with the same title as the film. Calling [[Shiva Rajkumar]]'s performance his "best... till date", he wrote, "Shivanna is restrained and collected and delivers his dialogues effectively." He added, "Ramesh is superb. Vijayalakshmi, as the new, chirpy young thing, has performed well in the small and meaty role. Shilpa is good, as usual. Veteran Bengali actor Sabi Sachi steals the show." He commended the music and the film's soundtrack, while singling out [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]'s "soulful rendering of Bendre's title song" in that it "evokes a lot of sympathies while delving into the plight of the farmers overburdened by huge debts besides struggling for their daily existence." While he felt that the film could have been edited and trimmed by 15 to 20 minutes, "it provides good entertainment fare for the viewer."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Srinivasa |first1=Srikanth |title=Bhoomithayiya Chochala Maga (Kannada) |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sept20/enter.htm |publisher=Deccan Herald |accessdate=30 September 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19981205210655/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sept20/enter.htm |archivedate=5 December 1998 |date=20 September 1998}}</ref>

==Awards==
;[[1998–99 Karnataka State Film Awards]]
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Social film|Special Film of Social Concern]]
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Story|Best Story Writer]] – [[Rajendra Singh Babu]]
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue Writer]] – S. Surendranath

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt14670370}}

{{Rajendra Singh Babu}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhoomi Thayiya Chochchala Maga}}
[[Category:1998 films]]
[[Category:1998 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1998 Indian films]]
[[Category:1998 action drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Rajendra Singh Babu]]
[[Category:Films scored by V. Manohar]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]

{{1990s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Muthal Mariyathai

2026-03-03T05:21:30Z

Rkrakeshboro: Starting New Post

{{short description|1985 film by Bharathiraja}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Muthal Mariyathai
| image = Muthal Mariyathai.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Bharathiraja]]
| screenplay = Bharathiraja
| story = [[R. Selvaraj (screenwriter)|R. Selvaraj]]
| starring = [[Sivaji Ganesan]] [[Radha (actress)|Radha]]
| producer = Bharathiraja
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cinematography = [[B. Kannan]]
| editing = V. Rajagopal P. Mohan Raj
| studio = Manoj Creations
| released = {{film date|df=y|1985|8|15}}
| runtime = 160–161 minutes{{efn|While the film's runtime is listed in ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema'' as 161 minutes,{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=472}} the version screened at Indian Panorama was 160 minutes.<ref name="panorama" />}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Muthal Mariyathai''''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ʊ|ð|əl|_|m|ər|ɪ|j|ɑː|ð|aɪ}} {{Translation|Prime/First Honour}}) is a 1985 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic drama film]] produced, directed and co-written by [[Bharathiraja]]. The film stars [[Sivaji Ganesan]] and [[Radha (actress)|Radha]], with [[Vadivukkarasi]], newcomers Deepan and [[Ranjini (actress)|Ranjini]], [[Janagaraj]], [[Sathyaraj]], [[Mucherla Aruna|Aruna]], [[A. K. Veerasamy|Veerasamy]] and Ramanathan in supporting roles. It revolves around the relationship between an unhappily married village chief and a young boatwoman.

The story of ''Muthal Mariyathai'' was developed from two sources: an English-language film about the relationship between a young girl and an ageing painter, and a story in [[Jayakanthan]]'s novel ''Samoogam Enbadhu Naalu Paer'' about the relationship between a teacher and an administrator with a strained marriage. The film was co-written by [[R. Selvaraj (screenwriter)|R. Selvaraj]], photographed by [[B. Kannan]], and edited by V. Rajagopal and P. Mohan Raj. Filming was entirely held at [[Talakadu]], a village near [[Mysore]] in [[Karnataka]].

''Muthal Mariyathai'' was released on 15 August 1985. The film received positive reviews and ran for over 200 days in theatres, becoming a [[silver jubilee hit]]. It won the [[National Film Award for Best Lyrics|Best Lyricist Award]] and [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil|Best Feature Film in Tamil Award]] for [[Vairamuthu]] and Bharathiraja, respectively, in the [[33rd National Film Awards]], the [[Cinema Express Award for Best Film – Tamil]], and Ganesan and Radha won [[Filmfare Awards South]] in the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Tamil Actor]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Tamil Actress]] categories, respectively.

== Plot ==

The film opens with the friends and family of an ailing village chief, Malaichami, gathered around him on his deathbed. The plot then moves along in a series of flashbacks.

Malaichami is unhappily married to his cousin Ponnatha, a [[Shrew (stock character)|shrew]] who always shows him contempt. Though they live together, they do not share a husband-wife relationship. Also living with them is Ponnatha's daughter Rasamma, her husband and Malaichami's orphaned nephew Chellakannu, who assists him at his farm.

Years roll by. Malaichami, the village chief, is respected by one and all. Kuyil, a young woman, comes to the village with her father looking for work. They build a hut on the river bank and Kuyil works as a boatwoman with a [[coracle]]. Malaichami and Kuyil become good friends despite the wide gap in their age and socioeconomic status. Since Malaichami receives no emotional support or love at home, he enjoys Kuyil's company.

Chellakannu loves Sevuli, the daughter of the cobbler Sengodan, and they plan to elope when Sevuli's wedding arrangements are being made. On learning this, Malaichami berates Chellakannu. Kuyil intervenes and convinces Malaichami to let them marry. After the marriage, when Chellakannu and Sevuli are alone in a field, an unseen man kills Sevuli, who managed to bite off his big toe, and steals her jewellery. After Sengodan tells Malaichami he found a toe in Sevuli's mouth, Malaichami sees Rasamma's husband without a toe, realises he is the killer and hands him over to the police. Chellakannu later commits suicide.

When the villagers whisper about the relationship between Malaichami and Kuyil, Ponnatha takes Malaichami to the [[Panchayati raj|panchayat]], asking for a solution. Malaichami, angered at being questioned by everyone, blurts out that he is indeed in a relationship with Kuyil, just to stop the gossip. He goes to Kuyil to ask for her pardon for having said so in public. However, Kuyil reveals that she indeed is in love with him and that he too must be loving her within himself but is hiding the truth. Though Malaichami denies it at the moment and leaves her asking her to change her mind, he is deeply disturbed at what really could be between them.

At home, Ponnatha angrily tells Malaichami he sent Rasamma's husband to prison because he is not Rasamma's biological father, a fact Rasamma never knew before. Malaichami hits back at her and as he recollects the past, reveals to Rasamma that Ponnatha conceived Rasamma out of a casual relationship with someone at a village fair and that he married Ponnatha only to save her father from disgrace.

Angered further, Ponnatha invites all her relatives to her house for a settlement of the issue. She throws a feast for them where she requests they kill Kuyil and promises that she will take care of the consequences by spending money for their case. As Malaichami hears this, he challenges the relatives to face him before they can harm her and goes to stay with Kuyil to defend her and to stay with her thereafter.

As Malaichami goes to Kuyil, he finds her home empty and later finds her stained with blood and convicted for the murder of an unknown man. He pleads with her to tell the truth of what transpired so that she can be rescued. She reveals, after making Malaichami promise that he would not proceed to argue on her behalf as it would negate the purpose of her sacrifice, that the person she killed was Mayilvaganam, Rasamma's biological father.

Mayilvaganam was on his way to the village after serving a prison term and was planning to lay claim to Ponnatha and her wealth. As this would affect the reputation of Malaichami's family, she killed Mayilvaganam on her coracle. Malaichami is spellbound by her sacrifice and vows that he will not die till Kuyil returns and chooses to stay in her hut.

In the present, as Malaichami is dying, Kuyil is brought on parole to see him. Malaichami dies after meeting her. While returning to prison on a train, Kuyil also dies.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Sivaji Ganesan]] as Malaichami{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=472}}
* [[Radha (actress)|Radha]] as Kuyil{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=472}}
* [[Vadivukkarasi]] as Ponnatha{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=472}}
* Deepan as Chellakannu{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=284}}
* [[Ranjini (actress)|Ranjini]] as Sevuli<ref name="Ranjini" />
* [[Janagaraj]] as the rope-spinner<ref name="34 years" />
*[[Sathyaraj]] as Mayilvaganam<ref name="Nandhu" />
* [[Mucherla Aruna|Aruna]] as Rasamma<ref name="Nandhu" />
* [[A. K. Veerasamy|Veerasamy]] as Sengodan<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2020 |title="வெட்டிவேரு வாசம்.. வெடலப்புள்ள நேசம்" முதல் மரியாதைக்கு 35 ஆண்டுகள்!! |trans-title="The fragrance of grassroots.. love of a young woman" ''Muthal Mariyathai'' turns 35! |url=http://www.puthiyathalaimurai.com/newsview/77344/Mudhal-mariathai-film-of-35-years----A-walk-in-the-memory-lane-of-Bharathiraja-s-directorail-venture |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200816143138/http://www.puthiyathalaimurai.com/newsview/77344/Mudhal-mariathai-film-of-35-years----A-walk-in-the-memory-lane-of-Bharathiraja-s-directorail-venture |archive-date=16 August 2020 |access-date=16 August 2020 |website=[[Puthiya Thalaimurai]] |language=ta}}</ref>
* Ramanathan as Rasamma's husband<ref name="34 years" />
}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
The story of ''Muthal Mariyathai'' was developed by [[Bharathiraja]] from two sources: an English-language film about "an old painter and a young girl who is attracted to his paintings. Gradually, she becomes attracted to the person as well", and a story in [[Jayakanthan]]'s novel ''Samoogam Enbadhu Naalu Paer'' about "the relationship that develops between a young teacher who comes to a place and a local administrator who is in a bad marriage. She becomes his intellectual companion". After Bharathiraja outlined this to writer [[R. Selvaraj (screenwriter)|R. Selvaraj]], they both developed the screenplay of ''Muthal Mariyathai''.<ref name="35YearsOfMuthalMariyathai" /> According to Selvaraj, the romance between the characters Malaichami and Kuyil was inspired by the manner in which the Russian novelist [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]] developed a relationship with his assistant [[Anna Dostoevskaya|Anna]].<ref name="Selvaraj interview" /> Bharathiraja himself produced the film under Manoj Creations, while cinematography was handled by [[B. Kannan]] and editing by V. Rajagopal and P. Mohan Raj.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=284}}

=== Casting ===
Bharathiraja and Selvaraj initially wanted [[Rajesh (Tamil actor)|Rajesh]] for the role of Malaichami, but distributors objected. Selvaraj later considered [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] but realised it would not be possible due to Balasubrahmanyam's playback singing commitments, so Bharathiraja suggested [[Sivaji Ganesan]].<ref name="Selvaraj interview" /> Though unwell at the time, Ganesan accepted Bharathiraja's request.{{sfn|Ganesan|Narayana Swamy|2007|p=208}} According to [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]], she had been offered the role of Kuyil, but she declined in favour of ''[[Swathi Muthyam]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ஆனந்தராஜ் |first=கு. |date=22 January 2019 |title=80'ஸ் எவர்கிரீன் நாயகிகள் – 2 – எனக்கு சவால் ரொம்பப் பிடிக்கும்! – ராதிகா |trans-title=80s Evergreen Heroines – 2 – I love challenges! – Radhika |url=https://www.newsdogapp.com/ta/article/5c4675d612313a293214d196/?d=false |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200929145636/https://www.newsdogapp.com/ta/article/5c4675d612313a293214d196/?d=false |archive-date=29 September 2020 |access-date=29 September 2020 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta |via=NewsDog}}</ref> Bharathiraja, however, countered that Radhika would not have been appropriate as Kuyil. He cast [[Radha (actress)|Radha]] in the role because she was "dusky, slender, and tall", just like he envisioned the character, and Radhika was not. Despite this, Radha's voice was dubbed by Radhika.<ref name="35YearsOfMuthalMariyathai" /> ''Muthal Mariyathai'' was Radha's 99th film as an actress; she stated that when Bharathiraja offered her the role of Kuyil, she "took it with both hands".<ref name="Talakadu" />

Bharathiraja cast [[Vadivukkarasi]] as Malaichami's wife Ponnatha because of her "large eyes".<ref name="35YearsOfMuthalMariyathai" /> Since the actress, who was then in her early 20s, was not as old as the character she plays, the makers "smeared ash" on her face. According to Vadivukkarasi, "They glued tubes to my ears to make them look different. But I didn't mind and didn't really know."<ref name="silverscreenindia" /> This was the feature film debut of Sasha Selvaraj, who was given the stage name [[Ranjini (actress)|Ranjini]], and played Sevuli, the daughter of Sengodan ([[A. K. Veerasamy|Veerasamy]]). Ranjini, who was then studying in Singapore, arrived in [[Chennai|Madras]] to take a break from education, and hoped that filming would conclude within two weeks.<ref name="Ranjini" /> It was also the debut of Deepan, who played Malaichami's nephew Chellakannu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2021 |title=Deepan begins his second innings |url=https://newstodaynet.com/index.php/2021/02/19/deepan-begins-his-second-innings/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219060125/https://newstodaynet.com/index.php/2021/02/19/deepan-begins-his-second-innings/ |archive-date=19 December 2021 |access-date=19 December 2021 |website=[[News Today]]}}</ref> Deepan, the nephew of [[V. N. Janaki]], initially abstained from films to concentrate on his family business, but when Bharathiraja saw him and asked Deepan's uncle and Janaki's then-husband [[M. G. Ramachandran]] for permission to cast him, both agreed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 March 2020 |title=35 ஆண்டுக்கு பின் சினிமாவில் நடிக்கிறேன் – ''முதல் மரியாதை'' தீபன் |trans-title=I'm acting in a film after 35 years – ''Muthal Mariyathai'' Deepan |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/86913/cinema/Kollywood/Mudhal-Mariyadhai-Deepan-acting-after-35-years.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201103121635/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/86913/cinema/Kollywood/Mudhal-Mariyadhai-Deepan-acting-after-35-years.htm |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=3 November 2020 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[File:Kaveri river-Talakadu.jpg|thumb|The [[Kaveri]] river passing through [[Talakadu]], where the film was shot.|150px]]
The film was launched at Prasad Studios.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 1984 |title=முதல் மரியாதை|url=https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_8_303/4.jp2/full/1000,1373/0/default.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241224015606/https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_8_303/4.jp2/full/1000,1373/0/default.jpg |archive-date=24 December 2024 |access-date=24 June 2025 |work=Anna |pages=4 |language=Ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref> Filming was entirely held at [[Talakadu]], a village near [[Mysore]] in [[Karnataka]].{{sfn|Ganesan|Narayana Swamy|2007|p=208}}<ref name="Talakadu" /><ref name="kalki" /> Though Ganesan was known mainly for his melodramatic performances and powerful dialogue delivery, Bharathiraja asked him to tone them down for playing Malaichami and "just be himself".<ref name="35YearsOfMuthalMariyathai" /> On the sets, Ganesan insisted on seeing what Bharathiraja wanted first before performing a scene.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=285}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=31 August 2007 |title=Penchant for innovation Making an impact |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/penchant-for-innovation-making-an-impact/article2273575.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921195802/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/penchant-for-innovation-making-an-impact/article2273575.ece |archive-date=21 September 2019 |access-date=15 August 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> At Bharathiraja's request, Ganesan acted without a wig or makeup, and wore only a [[dhoti]] and shirt while filming his scenes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 May 2017 |title=செலுலாய்ட் சோழன் சிவாஜி தொடர் 175– சுதாங்கன் |trans-title=Celluloid king Sivaji Part 175– Sudhangan |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/27556 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200816142226/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/27556 |archive-date=16 August 2020 |access-date=28 December 2020 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |location=Nellai |language=Ta}}</ref> According to Ranjini, Ganesan never coached the other actors, "but always let them try out their roles themselves".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Mythily |date=16 April 2014 |title=Catching up with actress Ranjini |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/catching-up-with-actress-ranjini-1.1320172 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200816134324/https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/wonho-chung-brings-the-humour-to-dubai-stage-1.73083486 |archive-date=16 August 2020 |access-date=16 August 2020 |website=[[Gulf News]]}}</ref> Many scenes were filmed at a tree near the [[Shivanasamudra Falls]] on the banks of the [[Kaveri]] river.{{sfn|Ganesan|Narayana Swamy|2007|p=208}}

While filming a scene where Ponnatha walks angrily across a street and strikes Kuyil with a broom, Vadivukkarasi fainted due to exertion from long-distance walking.<ref name="35YearsOfMuthalMariyathai" /> A chapter from [[Ki. Rajanarayanan]]'s novel ''[[Gopalla Grammam]]'' was used by Bharathiraja in the film with permission from the author.<ref name="kalki" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkatachalapathy |first=A. R. |author-link=A. R. Venkatachalapathy |date=30 July 2021 |title=Vetrimaaran and Suriya's 'Vaadivaasal' sets a new benchmark |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vetrimaaran-and-suriyas-vaadivaasal-sets-a-new-benchmark/article35622042.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802101221/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vetrimaaran-and-suriyas-vaadivaasal-sets-a-new-benchmark/article35622042.ece |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Filming did not conclude within two weeks as Ranjini hoped; she attributed it to "Bharathiraja being a perfectionist".<ref name="Ranjini" /> According to historian [[G. Dhananjayan]], filming lasted roughly 50 days,{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=285}} while Ganesan claimed that it lasted a month{{sfn|Ganesan|Narayana Swamy|2007|p=208}} and Selvaraj said the complete film was ready 100 days after filming began.<ref name="kalki" /><ref name="Selvaraj interview" /> A documentary homage to Ganesan was attached to the final cut, playing before the actual film begins.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=472}} The final cut of the film was {{convert|4415|metres|feet}}.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=284}}

== Themes ==
''Muthal Mariyathai'' deals with "social tensions arising out of caste and community in Tamil society".{{sfn|Ramaswamy|2017|p=81}} Bharathiraja described the film as "the voyage of a man from house to home".<ref name="Meendum Oru Mariyathai" /> Writing for ''[[The News Minute]]'', Nandhu Sundaram said that in the film, "society is a throbbing entity that is alive in every sense of the word, and sometimes it is malignant as well. Keeping one's hard-earned dignity can get increasingly difficult".<ref name="Nandhu" /> Writing for ''[[The Times of India]]'', Deepauk Murugesan notes that Bharathiraja used the relationships in the film "as a commentary on caste and its subliminal presence in our interactions".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Murugesan |first=Deepauk |date=23 April 2011 |title=Trois |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=VE9JQ0gvMjAxMS8wNC8yMyNBcjAzMzAw&Mode=HTML&Locale=english-skin-custom |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121846/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=VE9JQ0gvMjAxMS8wNC8yMyNBcjAzMzAw&Mode=HTML&Locale=english-skin-custom |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=7 July 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]] while the lyrics for the songs were written by [[Vairamuthu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mudhal Mariyathai Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/mudhal-mariyathai-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817103239/https://mossymart.com/product/mudhal-mariyathai-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |archive-date=17 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mudhal Mariyadhai (1985) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=t0000104 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414234218/http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0000104 |archive-date=14 April 2012 |access-date=23 March 2012 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> Neither liked the film after viewing its rough cut because they felt it "wasn't youthful", but Bharathiraja insisted that Ilaiyaraaja compose the score.<ref name="35YearsOfMuthalMariyathai" /> According to Ilaiyaraaja, when Bharathiraja saw the finished cut after composing was complete, he asked Ilaiyaraaja how he was able to deliver such wonderful music even for a film he did not like, and Ilaiyaraaja replied it was because he could not do injustice to his profession.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 August 2014 |title=மோசமான படங்களுக்கும் இசையமைப்பேன் – இளையராஜா |trans-title=I will compose music even for bad films – Ilaiyaraaja |url=https://www.newsfirst.lk/tamil/2014/08/13/மோசமான-படங்களுக்கும்-இசை/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201103090447/https://www.newsfirst.lk/tamil/2014/08/13/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=4 November 2020 |work=[[News First]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2024 |title=பிடிக்காத படத்திற்கு இப்படி ஒரு இசையா? பாரதிராஜாவை கலங்க வைத்த இளையராஜா! |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema-musician-ilayaraja-and-bharathiraja-movie-muthal-mariyathai-flashback-7339585 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/z7BZD |archive-date=20 October 2024 |access-date=20 October 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=ta}}</ref> Many of the songs were inspired by [[Indian folk music]].{{sfn|Ganesan|Narayana Swamy|2007|p=209}} The song "Antha Nilava Thaan" is set in the [[Carnatic raga]] [[Natabhairavi]],{{sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=124}} and "Poongatru Thirumbuma" is set in [[Kharaharapriya]].{{sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=154}} The tune of "Antha Nilava Thaan" was later used by Ilaiyaraaja in "Mujhe Bahon Mein Bhar" from the 1989 [[Hindi]] film ''[[Mahaadev]]''.{{sfn|Arunachalam|2020|page=902}}
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| all_music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| all_lyrics = [[Vairamuthu]]
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 22:54
| title1 = Antha Nilava Thaan
| extra1 = [[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length1 = 4:31
| title2 = Poongatru Thirumbuma
| extra2 = [[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[S. Janaki]]
| length2 = 4:52
| title3 = Vetti Veru Vasam
| extra3 = Malaysia Vasudevan, S. Janaki
| length3 = 4:28
| title4 = Yeh Kuruvi
| extra4 = Malaysia Vasudevan, S. Janaki
| length4 = 1:16
| title5 = Raasave Unna Nambi
| extra5 = S. Janaki
| length5 = 4:32
| title6 = Hey Kiliyirukku
| extra6 = Ilaiyaraaja
| length6 = 1:08
| title7 = Eratha Malai Mele
| extra7 = Malaysia Vasudevan, S. Janaki
| length7 = 2:08
| title8 = Naanthaaney Antha Kuyil
| extra8 = S. Janaki
| length8 = 0:28
| title9 = Poongatru Thirumbuma
| extra9 = Malaysia Vasudevan, S. Janaki
| length9 = 0:28
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Muthal Mariyathai'' was released on 15 August 1985.<ref name="34 years" /> The film received positive reviews for its realistic portrayal of an elderly person's love and sacrifices.{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=285}} ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' said that when detractors were talking about the end of Ganesan's era in Tamil cinema, Bharathiraja proved through an intense script and character that his saga was not over yet. The reviewer also applauded Radha's performance and Bharathiraja's direction.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 1985 |title=சினிமா விமர்சனம்: முதல் மரியாதை |trans-title=Movie Review: ''Muthal Mariyathai'' |url=https://www.vikatan.com/arts/nostalgia/40016--2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200816170003/https://www.vikatan.com/arts/nostalgia/40016--2 |archive-date=16 August 2020 |access-date=16 August 2020 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' lauded the film for its cinematography and Bharathiraja's direction.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=8 September 1985 |title=முதல் மரியாதை |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1985/sep/08-09-1985/p60.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220729113341/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1985/sep/08-09-1985/p60.jpg |archive-date=29 July 2022 |access-date=8 November 2021 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=60 |language=ta}}</ref> Balumani of ''Anna'' praised the acting, dialogues, cinematography, music and direction.<ref>{{Cite news |last=பாலுமணி |date=18 August 1985 |title=முதல் மரியாதை |url=https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_9_279/4.jp2/full/1000,1348/0/default.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250704073954/https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_9_279/4.jp2/full/1000,1348/0/default.jpg |archive-date=4 July 2025 |access-date=4 July 2025 |work=Anna |pages=4 |language=ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref> Though Vadivukkarasi received acclaim from critics for her performance, she was the subject of vitriol from fans of Ganesan due to her character's antagonistic nature.<ref name="silverscreenindia" /> The film ran for over 200 days in theatres, becoming a [[silver jubilee hit]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Selvaraj |first=N. |date=20 March 2017 |title=வெள்ளி விழா கண்ட தமிழ் திரைப்படங்கள் |trans-title=Tamil films that completed silver jubilees |url=http://puthu.thinnai.com/?p=34587 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170329085911/http://puthu.thinnai.com/?p=34587 |archive-date=29 March 2017 |access-date=15 August 2020 |website=Thinnai |language=ta}}</ref>{{sfn|Ganesan|Narayana Swamy|2007|p=244}}

== Accolades ==
At the [[33rd National Film Awards]], Radha was a strong contender for the [[National Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] category, but was disqualified since her voice was dubbed by a different actress.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 1999 |title=Gossip |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/gossip/28-01-99/ajith.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990505181529/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/gossip/28-01-99/ajith.htm |archive-date=5 May 1999 |access-date=18 December 2020 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}</ref> The film was screened at the Indian Panorama section of the 1985 [[International Film Festival of India]].<ref name="panorama" />

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;"
! Award
! Category
! Nominee(s)
! {{tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[National Film Awards]]
| [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil|Best Feature Film in Tamil]]
| [[Bharathiraja]]
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=33rd National Film Festival |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/33nfa.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222429/http://dff.nic.in/2011/33nfa.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=15 August 2020 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[National Film Award for Best Lyrics|Best Lyrics]]
| [[Vairamuthu]]
|-
|[[Cinema Express Awards]]
| [[Cinema Express Award for Best Film – Tamil|Best Film – Tamil]]
| Bharathiraja
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=285}} <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5UqAAAAYAAJ&q=1985+Radha+Mudhal |title=Collections |publisher=Update Video Publication |year=1991 |pages=394 |access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor – Tamil]]
| [[Sivaji Ganesan]]
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress – Tamil]]
| [[Radha (actress)|Radha]]
|}

== Legacy ==

''Muthal Mariyathai'' became a landmark film for Ganesan, Bharathiraja and Vadivukkarasi.<ref name="silverscreenindia" />{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=|pp=284–285}} The film's opening phrase narrated by Bharathiraja, "En Iniya Thamizh Makkale" (My sweet Tamil people) featured in many of his later films.<ref>{{Cite web |last=RS |first=Anand Kumar |date=15 August 2020 |title=35 years of 'Muthal Mariyathai': Why this Sivaji film by Bharathiraja is a classic |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/35-years-muthal-mariyathai-why-sivaji-film-bharathiraja-classic-130796 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929173150/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/35-years-muthal-mariyathai-why-sivaji-film-bharathiraja-classic-130796 |archive-date=29 September 2020 |access-date=29 September 2020 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> The dialogue "Enaku oru unma therinjaaganum" (I need to know the truth) spoken by Veerasami's character became popular.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 February 2009 |title=Veteran actor honoured |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Veteran-actor-honoured/article16327398.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815061109/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Veteran-actor-honoured/article16327398.ece |archive-date=15 August 2020 |access-date=15 August 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The unrelated TV series ''Muthal Mariyathai'', also directed by Bharathiraja, aired on [[Kalaignar TV]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 May 2013 |title=சீரியலிலும் புரட்சி செய்யப்போகிறார் பாரதிராஜா! |trans-title=Bharathiraja is going to revolutionise the TV serial industry too! |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/12593/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Bharatiraja-toward-revolution-serial!.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218054222/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/12593/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Bharatiraja-toward-revolution-serial!.htm |archive-date=18 December 2020 |access-date=18 December 2020 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> Bharathiraja described his 2020 directorial venture ''[[Meendum Oru Mariyathai]]'' as a tribute to ''Muthal Mariyathai''.<ref name="Meendum Oru Mariyathai" /> ''Muthal Mariyathai'' is included alongside other Ganesan-starring films in the compilation DVD ''8th Ulaga Adhisayam Sivaji''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Iyer |first=Aruna V. |date=13 May 2012 |title=For the love of Sivaji |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/for-the-love-of-sivaji/article3413602.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221103200/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/for-the-love-of-sivaji/article3413602.ece |archive-date=21 December 2016 |access-date=15 August 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> A digitally restored version of the film was released on 24 March 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chandar |first=Bhuvanesh |date=25 March 2023 |title=Watching Sivaji Ganesan's 'Muthal Mariyathai' on the big screen after 38 years |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/watching-sivaji-ganesans-muthal-mariyathai-on-the-big-screen-after-38-years/article66660963.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230326111517/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/watching-sivaji-ganesans-muthal-mariyathai-on-the-big-screen-after-38-years/article66660963.ece |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=6 April 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2023 |title=முதல் மரியாதைக்கு...இது இரண்டாவது மரியாதை! 38 ஆண்டுகளுக்குப் பின்...திரும்புது பூங்காத்து! |url=https://m.dinamalar.com/cinema_detail.php?id=112091 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230326111222/https://m.dinamalar.com/cinema_detail.php?id=112091 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=6 April 2023 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
In a comedy scene from ''[[Thalattu Ketkuthamma]]'', a man ([[Goundamani]]) sings "Poongatru Thirumbuma" to impress his wife (Vijay Chandrika), and his nephew Rasaiya ([[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]]) completes the lyrics after the former has forgotten them.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Thalattu Ketkuthamma |date=1991 |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[Sivaji Productions]]}}{{time needed|date=November 2022}}</ref> In ''[[Rajakumaran (film)|Rajakumaran]]'', a milkman Maarusamy (Goundamani) tries to impress a girl whose face he has not seen by providing milk. The song "Poongatru" with different lyrics is heard as a background song for the scene.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Rajakumaran |date=1994 |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[Sivaji Productions]]}}{{time needed|date=November 2022}}</ref> In a scene from ''[[Unakkaga Ellam Unakkaga]]'', Kundalakesi (Goundamani) lifts a huge stone similar to Malaichami's technique from ''Muthal Mariyathai'' to impress his lover.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Unakkaga Ellam Unakkaga |date=1999 |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[Lakshmi Movie Makers]]}}{{time needed|date=November 2022}}</ref> In ''[[Mozhi (film)|Mozhi]]'', Ananthakrishnan ([[Brahmanandam]]) watches "Poongatru" on television before getting disturbed by a cockroach.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Mozhi |date=2007 |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[Duet Movies]]}}{{time needed|date=November 2022}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="panorama">{{Cite web |date=1986 |editor-last=Nair |editor-first=P. K. |editor-link=P. K. Nair |editor2-last=Mullick |editor2-first=Swapan |title=Indian Cinema |url=https://dff.gov.in/images/Documents/139_IPCatalogue1985.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528132543/https://dff.gov.in/images/Documents/139_IPCatalogue1985.pdf |archive-date=28 May 2021 |access-date=28 May 2021 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Ranjini">{{Cite news |last=Sreenivasa Raghavan |first=T. S. |date=9 January 2012 |title=Will she? Won't she? |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloid/glam-sham/will-she-won%E2%80%99t-she-287 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120110015644/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloid/glam-sham/will-she-won%E2%80%99t-she-287 |archive-date=10 January 2012 |access-date=19 April 2012 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>
<ref name="34 years">{{Cite web |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=15 August 2019 |title=பாரதிராஜாவின் 'முதல் மரியாதை'க்கு 34 வயது! |trans-title=Bharathiraja's ''Muthal Mariyathai'' turns 34! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/511582-mudhal-mariyadhai-34-years.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816161057/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/511582-mudhal-mariyadhai-34-years.html |archive-date=16 August 2019 |access-date=15 August 2020 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>
<ref name="Nandhu">{{Cite web |last=Sundaram |first=Nandhu |date=26 February 2021 |title=Why 1985 Sivaji-Radha film 'Muthal Mariyathai' remains an enduring romance |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/why-1985-sivaji-radha-film-muthal-mariyathai-remains-enduring-romance-144226 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210315163957/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/why-1985-sivaji-radha-film-muthal-mariyathai-remains-enduring-romance-144226 |archive-date=15 March 2021 |access-date=15 March 2021 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>
<ref name="35YearsOfMuthalMariyathai">{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=15 August 2020 |title=#35YearsOfMuthalMariyathai: Muthal Mariyathai is a moving tale of a man's journey from his house to home: Bharathirajaa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/muthal-mariyathai-is-a-moving-tale-of-a-mans-journey-from-his-house-to-home-bharathirajaa/articleshow/77550763.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200815030737/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/muthal-mariyathai-is-a-moving-tale-of-a-mans-journey-from-his-house-to-home-bharathirajaa/articleshow/77550763.cms |archive-date=15 August 2020 |access-date=15 August 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Selvaraj interview">{{Cite web |last=ப்ளாக் |first=கிராபியென் |date=6 December 2018 |title={{''}}முதல் மரியாதை படத்தைப் பாத்துட்டு இளையராஜா என்ன சொன்னார் தெரியுமா?"- கதாசிரியர் ஆர்.செல்வராஜ் |trans-title="After Ilaiyaraaja saw ''Muthal Mariyathai'' do you know what he said?" – Screenwriter R. Selvaraj |url=https://www.vikatan.com/oddities/miscellaneous/143962-interview-with-screenplay-writer-rselvaraj-about-his-stress-relief-techniques |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200816141028/https://www.vikatan.com/oddities/miscellaneous/143962-interview-with-screenplay-writer-rselvaraj-about-his-stress-relief-techniques |archive-date=16 August 2020 |access-date=16 August 2020 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref>
<ref name="Talakadu">{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S.R. |date=28 May 2020 |title=Landmark films, golden memories |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/landmark-films-golden-memories/article31693902.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602064801/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/landmark-films-golden-memories/article31693902.ece |archive-date=2 June 2020 |access-date=15 August 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="silverscreenindia">{{Cite web |last=Vandhana |date=26 November 2018 |title='I Played Wife, Mother & Grandmother in My 20s. I Got Used To It': In Conversation With Vadivukkarasi |url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/features/i-played-wife-mother-grandmother-in-my-20s-i-got-used-to-it-in-conversation-with-vadivukkarasi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815061306/https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/features/i-played-wife-mother-grandmother-in-my-20s-i-got-used-to-it-in-conversation-with-vadivukkarasi/ |archive-date=15 August 2020 |access-date=15 August 2020 |website=Silverscreen India}}</ref>
<ref name="kalki">{{Cite magazine |last=பிரியன் |date=8 September 1985 |title=முதல் மரியாதைக்குறிய பாரதிராஜா |trans-title=Respectfully Bharathiraja |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1985-09-08/kalki1985-09-08.pdf |access-date=22 April 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=6–10 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Meendum Oru Mariyathai">{{Cite news |last=S |first=Srivatsan |date=1 February 2020 |title='Meendum Oru Mariyathai' is a tribute to 'Mudhal Mariyathai': Bharathiraja |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/in-the-mood-for-love/article30712012.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228092256/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/in-the-mood-for-love/article30712012.ece |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=18 December 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Arunachalam |first=Param |title=BollySwar: 1981–1990 |publisher=Mavrix Infotech |year=2020 |isbn=978-81-938482-2-7}}
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931–2013 |title-link=Pride of Tamil Cinema |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers |year=2014 |oclc=898765509}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Ganesan |first1=Sivaji |author-link=Sivaji Ganesan |title=Autobiography of an Actor: Sivaji Ganesan, October 1928 – July 2001 |title-link=Autobiography of an Actor |last2=Narayana Swamy |first2=T. S. |publisher=Sivaji Prabhu Charities Trust |year=2007 |oclc=297212002 |orig-date=2002}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |orig-date=1994}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ramaswamy |first=Vijaya · |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALUvDwAAQBAJ&dq=Muthal+Mariyathai&pg=PA81 |title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-5381-0685-3}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Bharathiraja}}
{{NationalFilmAwardBestFeatureFilmTamil}}

[[Category:1985 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1985 films]]
[[Category:1985 Indian films]]
[[Category:1985 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Best Tamil Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Bharathiraja]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Bharathiraja]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic drama films]]

Nala Damayanthi (2003 film)

2026-03-03T04:40:09Z

Rkrakeshboro: Expanded content with additional details

{{short description|2003 film by Mouli}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Nala Damayanthi (2003).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release Poster
| director = [[T. S. B. K. Moulee|Mouli]]
| writer = {{plainlist|
* [[Kamal Haasan]]
* Mouli
}}
| story = Kamal Haasan
| producer = {{plainlist|
* [[Chandrahasan|Chandra Haasan]]
* Kamal Haasan
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[R. Madhavan]]
* [[Geetu Mohandas]]
* [[Shrutika]]
* [[Sriman (actor)|Sriman]]
* [[Anu Hasan]]
}}
| cinematography = Siddharth
| editing = [[Raja Mohammad]]
| music = [[Ramesh Vinayakam]]
| studio = [[Raaj Kamal Films International]]
| released = {{film date|df=y|2003|6|12}}
| runtime = 138 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Nala Damayanthi''''' is a 2003 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by [[T. S. B. K. Moulee|Mouli]], and written and produced by [[Kamal Haasan]]. The film stars [[R. Madhavan]] in the lead role, with [[Geetu Mohandas]] and [[Shrutika]] playing supporting roles. The film follows the story of a naive Tamil [[chef|cook]] stuck in [[Australia]]. It was released on 12 June 2003 to positive reviews.<ref name="Target Dhanush!">{{cite web |title=Target Dhanush! |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/kadhal/20030806.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423050542/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/kadhal/20030806.htm |archive-date=23 April 2019 |access-date=23 April 2019 |website=Rediff}}</ref><ref name="FullName">{{cite web |author=${FullName} |date=10 June 2003 |title=Nala Damayanthi Review — Tamil Movie Review |url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/330/tamil/nala-damayanthi/121/review.htm |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=Nowrunning.com}}</ref> Madhavan later reprised his role in the film's [[Hindi]] remake ''[[Ramji Londonwaley]]'' (2005).<ref>{{cite web |date=28 December 2016 |title=Madhavan to write dialogues for Hindi version of Vikram Vedha |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/281216/madhavan-takes-up-the-pen-again.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821181549/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/281216/madhavan-takes-up-the-pen-again.html |archive-date=21 August 2020 |access-date=18 September 2020 |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Ramji Narayanaswami Iyer, a naive and docile [[Tamil Brahmin]] cook, dreams of marrying off his sister Bhagyam to a good family, as they are orphans and it becomes his sole responsibility. As per convention, he has shell out dowry for the marriage and somehow falls short of the agreed sum. Incidentally, the groom's family happens to admire the food cooked by Ramji and plans him to send to [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]] as a cook for a multimillionaire Australian-based Indian family. In return, he has to send part of his salary as compensation for the dowry he owes.

The millionaire dies of [[indigestion]] the day Ramji arrives, leaving him jobless and without his passport and visa, which had been stolen. Desperate to stay and earn, he starts working illegally as a cook in an Indian hotel owned by an [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|NRI]] Badri, but to stay on, he needs to get a legal work permit as the immigration police are on his heels. Ivan, Badri's cunning lawyer friend, explains to him that the only way out is marriage with an Australian citizen. Ramji reluctantly agrees for a fake marriage with Ivan's fiancé Damayanthi, a free-spirited motorbiker of [[Sri Lankan Tamils|Sri Lankan Tamil]] [[Christianity|Christian]] background, and they get married over the weekend. For all these gimmicks, Ivan charges heavy fees from Badri and deposits in the joint account of his with Damayanthi. Ramji converts to Christianity, becoming Robert, and then moves into Damayanthi's house.

The police believes this is a fake marriage and decides to refer the matter to the consulate. Constant stalking by the police forces the couple to stay together to avoid detection by authority. Damayanthi is deeply troubled with the rural mannerisms of Ramji. To break the ice, Ramji cooks delicacies for Damayanthi and wins her heart. Over a period of time, Damayanthi realises that Ivan is fooling around with her and does not love her.

Meanwhile, Ramji is not able to send the dowry installments as promised and his sister's in-laws throw her out. Damayanthi handles this situation smartly, sends all the money received for the fake marriage in their joint account to her, and makes sure her long-time friend takes care of her. In their confrontation with the consulate, Ramji answers more than he is asked at the immigration office then is forced to return to India. Damayanthi eventually comes along to Palakkad and the film ends with a happy note where couple starts off a restaurant. Actors [[Kamal Haasan]] and [[Jayaram]] come to inaugurate their restaurant and wish the couple luck.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[R. Madhavan]] as Ramji Narayanaswami Iyer "Ramji"
*[[Geetu Mohandas]] as Damayanthi
*[[Shrutika]] as Malathi
*[[Sriman (actor)|Sriman]] as Badri
*[[Anu Hasan]] as Ammulu
*[[Dhivyadharshini]] as Bhagyam
*T.S. Ranganathan as Bhagyam's husband
*Bruno Xavier as Ivan
*Mark Jensen as Hector
*[[Delhi Ganesh]] as Ramji's uncle
*[[Manobala]] as Passport Officer
*[[T. S. B. K. Mouli|Mouli]] as Immigration Officer
*[[Santhana Bharathi]] as Flight Passenger
*Gurpreet Singh Dipak as Bhupinder (Customs Officer)
*[[Sashikumar Subramani|Sashikumar]] as Kicha
*[[Bala Singh]] as Chettiyar
*[[Madhan Bob]] as Ramji's cousin
*[[Vaiyapuri]] as Ramji's cousin
*[[T. P. Madhavan]] as Bhagyam's father-in-law
*[[Bombay Gnanam]]
*Jeeva Iyer as Priest
*[[Kamal Haasan]] as himself
*[[Jayaram]] as himself
*[[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as himself
*[[Vikram Dharma]] as Australian NRI (special appearance)
}}

== Production ==
Kamal Haasan had written the script with himself in mind to play the lead role in the late 1990s, but never got down to making it because he felt it would not have been cost-effective.<ref name="rediff2003">{{cite web |date=21 June 2003 |title='Someone has taken a political ride on my vehicle' – Rediff.com India News |url=http://inhome.rediff.com/entertai/2003/jun/21sand.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208004812/http://inhome.rediff.com/entertai/2003/jun/21sand.htm |archive-date=8 February 2018 |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=Inhome.rediff.com}}</ref> Through the project, he had aimed to reprise his character of the [[Palakkad]] [[Brahmin]] cook Kameshwaran from ''[[Michael Madana Kama Rajan]]'' (1990) and place him in funny situations occurring in a foreign country. He had briefly considered making the film in early 1999 with the title of ''Londonil Kameshwaran'' after ''[[Marudhanayagam]]'' had run into production troubles, but instead chose to prioritise his commitments for ''[[Hey Ram]]'' (2000).<ref>{{cite web |title=Rediff On The NeT, Movies: Gossip from the southern film industry |url=http://m.rediff.com/movies/1999/mar/10ss.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208004813/http://m.rediff.com/movies/1999/mar/10ss.htm |archive-date=8 February 2018 |access-date=7 February 2018 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref> After the profitable ''[[Pammal K. Sambandam]]'' (2002), Mouli asked Kamal Haasan to re-collaborate with this particular script but Kamal Haasan was uninterested.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 February 2003 |title=Director Mouli on Nala Damayanthi — Rediff.com Movies |url=http://election.rediff.com/movies/2003/feb/15mouli.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208004743/http://election.rediff.com/movies/2003/feb/15mouli.htm |archive-date=8 February 2018 |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=Election.rediff.com}}</ref> [[R. Madhavan]] was selected by Kamal Haasan to replace him, after the pair had shot for ''[[Anbe Sivam]]'' together in the period.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 January 2003 |title=Kamal Haasan and Madhavan on their film Anbesivam |url=http://mypage.rediff.com/movies/2003/jan/09kamal.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208004805/http://mypage.rediff.com/movies/2003/jan/09kamal.htm |archive-date=8 February 2018 |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=Mypage.rediff.com}}</ref> [[Geetu Mohandas]] was signed in February 2003 after Mouli had seen her picture in a magazine, and thus she made her comeback to the Tamil film industry after having appeared as the child in the 1988 film, ''[[En Bommukutty Ammavukku]]''.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 June 2003 |title=Reel Talk for 26th May 2003 |url=http://chennaionline.com/reeltalk/may24.asp#rtalk7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030609032956/http://chennaionline.com/reeltalk/may24.asp#rtalk7 |archive-date=9 June 2003}}</ref> While casting for the role of the lead actress, the makers had made several broadcasts over [[Radio Australia]] without success. Mouli had been insistent on casting a new actress in Tamil and subsequently considered Malayalam actresses [[Kavya Madhavan]] and [[Navya Nair]] before finalising Mohandas. The actress was also recommended to the team by actor [[Jayaram]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Geetu Mohandas is Damayanthi |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/feb/11geetu.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511195109/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/feb/11geetu.htm |archive-date=11 May 2020 |access-date=23 April 2019 |website=www.rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=In the big league |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/06/12/stories/2003061200270202.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030901073638/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/06/12/stories/2003061200270202.htm |archive-date=2003-09-01 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Bruno Xavier, an Australia-based Sri Lankan Tamil actor, was selected to play the antagonist's role after a successful audition.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 August 2003 |title=Winsome Villains |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/08/14/stories/2003081400240100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031024102615/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/08/14/stories/2003081400240100.htm |archive-date=24 October 2003 |access-date=18 October 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

The film was shot predominantly in [[Sydney]] & [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]] in February and March 2003 to make most of the daylight hours.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 April 2003 |title=Success graph |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/04/22/stories/2003042200330406.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530124253/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/04/22/stories/2003042200330406.htm |archive-date=30 May 2004 |access-date=18 October 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> [[Anu Hasan]], daughter of producer Chandra Haasan, helped with production duties and cut costs of the team's shoot in Australia, as well leading post-production works while also provided voice for the film's lead actress Geethu.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 December 2006 |title=Metro Plus Madurai / Profiles : Spreading fragrance everywhere |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/12/16/stories/2006121600320300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211221636/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/12/16/stories/2006121600320300.htm |archive-date=11 December 2007 |access-date=18 October 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Nala Damayanthi
| type = [[soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Ramesh Vinayakam]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 10 May 2003
| recorded = 2003
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 28:22
| label = Ayngaran Music An Ak Audio
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| producer = Ramesh Vinayakam
| prev_title = University
| prev_year = 2002
| next_title = [[Azhagiya Theeye]]
| next_year = 2004
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|28Oa5S8Bi8Y| Audio Jukebox}}
}}
}}
The film's music was composed by [[Ramesh Vinayakam]], which is his third Tamil project he signed.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 March 2003 |title=Nala Dhamayanthi (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://www.deezer.com/en/album/7478198 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028033556/https://www.deezer.com/en/album/7478198 |archive-date=28 October 2018 |access-date=27 October 2018 |website=Deezer |publisher=Anak Audio}}</ref> Actor Kamal Haasan sang an English folk song, titled "Stranded On The Streets", which was written by Pradeep Govind. The remaining songs were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].

The soundtrack for the film was released on 10 May 2003. The album got positive reviews with the songs "Stranded On The Streets" and "Enna Ithu".<ref>{{cite web |date=7 November 2008 |title=Cinema Plus / Columns : My first break |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/11/07/stories/2008110750391600.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110131252/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/11/07/stories/2008110750391600.htm |archive-date=10 November 2012 |access-date=18 October 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kamal Haasan sings in English |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/may/09kamal.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225107/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/may/09kamal.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 28:22
| title1 = Thirumaangalya Dharunam
| lyrics1 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| extra1 = [[Sujatha Mohan]], [[Sriram Parthasarathy]], Saijanani
| length1 = 4:45
| title2 = Pei Muzhi
| lyrics2 = Vaali
| extra2 = Sharath, Sindhu
| length2 = 5:47
| title3 = Sudupattadha
| lyrics3 = Vaali
| extra3 = [[Kamal Haasan]]
| length3 = 6:18
| title4 = Enna Ithu
| lyrics4 = Vaali
| extra4 = [[Ramesh Vinayagam]], [[Chinmayi Sripaada]]
| length4 = 5:14
| title5 = Stranded On The Streets
| lyrics5 = Pradeep Govind
| extra5 = [[Kamal Haasan]]
| length5 = 6:18
| all_writing =
}}

== Release and reception ==
The film was a success at the box office and performed well in multiplexes across Chennai.<ref name="Target Dhanush!" /><ref name="FullName" /> [[Sify]] gave a verdict that the film was a "comedy caper" and a "clean comedy with some warm moments".<ref>{{cite web |title=Movie Review:Nala Damayanthi |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/nala-damayanthi-review-tamil-13169606.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124115823/http://www.sify.com/movies/nala-damayanthi-review-tamil-13169606.html |archive-date=24 January 2014 |access-date=18 October 2012 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> [[The Hindu]] called the film a "decent offering", adding that "a logical storyline and a well thought out script by Kamal Hassan are definite scoring points that sustain viewers' interest till the end".<ref>{{cite web |date=13 June 2003 |title=Nala Damayanti |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/06/13/stories/2003061301190200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031205170957/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/06/13/stories/2003061301190200.htm |archive-date=5 December 2003 |access-date=18 October 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Visual Dasan of ''Kalki'' wrote "Nala Damayanthi directed by Mouli is a homely kheer that is loved by everyone as it is chiseled out with a chisel without even an iota of drama".<ref>{{cite magazine |last=தாசன் |first=விஷுவல் |date=22 June 2003 |title=நள தமயந்தி |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2003-06-22/page/n17/mode/2up |access-date=23 September 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=16 |language=ta}}</ref> ''Chennai Online'' wrote "It was meant to be a hilarious scenario, but doesn't quite turn out that way".<ref>{{cite web |date=13 June 2003 |title=Nala Damayanti |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov276.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050405195454/http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov276.asp |archive-date=5 April 2005 |access-date=23 September 2023 |work=Chennai Online}}</ref> ''Cinesouth'' wrote "If you had gone to the theatres expecting the magic of Mouli, then, you would have had a rude shock. [..] the film would have been more interesting if Kamal had worked on the script and screenplay".<ref>{{cite web |title=Nala Damayanthi |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/scopes/reviews/naladamayanthi.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030620200857/http://www.cinesouth.com/scopes/reviews/naladamayanthi.shtml |archive-date=20 June 2003 |access-date=24 January 2025 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref> ''Indiainfo'' wrote "NALADAMANTHI, a romantic comedy set in Australia, is neither perfect romantic love story nor comedy film; this kichidi is not that much taste. It offers only mild comedy. Though it has some hilarious moments, it lacks {{sic|consistancy}} in the screenplay, which is major obstacle in the smooth flow of the story. Yet, the film is worth a watch as it offers a different kind of story".<ref>{{cite web |title=NALADAMAYANTHI, romantic comedy |url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/tamil/reviews/naladamyanti.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031003120058/http://movies.indiainfo.com/tamil/reviews/naladamyanti.html |archive-date=3 October 2003 |access-date=24 January 2025 |website=India Info}}</ref>

Kamal Haasan stated that he intended of remaking the film in Hindi, with the title of ''Maharaj'', but the project did not take off.<ref name="rediff2003" /> Madhavan later wrote and starred in a Hindi version, ''[[Ramji Londonwaley]]'', which released in September 2005.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 September 2005 |title=Alas, Ramji could have been good — Rediff.com movies |url=http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2005/sep/02ramji.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327090255/http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2005/sep/02ramji.htm |archive-date=27 March 2012 |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=Inhome.rediff.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{Kamal Haasan}}
{{RaajKamalFilmsInternational}}

[[Category:2003 Indian films]]
[[Category:2003 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2003 films]]
[[Category:2003 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films about immigration]]
[[Category:Films about sham marriage]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by T. S. B. K. Moulee]]
[[Category:Films produced by Kamal Haasan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ramesh Vinayakam]]
[[Category:Films set in Melbourne]]
[[Category:Films shot in Melbourne]]
[[Category:Films shot in Sydney]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Kamal Haasan]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by T. S. B. K. Moulee]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic comedy films]]

Meiyyazhagi

2026-03-03T03:28:27Z

Rkrakeshboro: Starting New Post...

{{Short description|2013 Tamil film by RT Jayavel}}
{{No plot|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Meiyyazhagi
| image = Meiyyazhagi.jpeg
| alt =
| caption = Release poster
| native_name = 
| director = RT Jayavel
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer =
| starring = [[Yuthan Balaji|Balaji]] Arjun [[Jai Quehaeni]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Venkatesh Arjun
| editing =
| music = S. B. Abhishek
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2013|11|22}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Meiyyazhagi''''' ({{Translation|True beauty}}) is a 2013 Indian Tamil-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by RT Jayavel and starring [[Yuthan Balaji|Balaji]], Arjun and [[Jai Quehaeni]]. The film is about the love between a sister and her brother, who is affected by [[cerebral palsy]].

== Cast ==
*[[Yuthan Balaji|Balaji]] as Deva
*Arjun as Partha
*[[Jai Quehaeni]] as Meiyyazhagi
*Arunmozhi Varman
*Ramraj as Arjun's father
*[[Velmurugan]] in a cameo appearance

== Soundtrack ==
The music is composed by [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]'s son Abhishek.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2013 |title=மெய்யழகி படத்துக்காக ஒரு மாதம் நடிப்பு பயிற்சி |url=https://cinema.dinakaran.com/cine-news-details.aspx?id=9415&id1=3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809014828/https://cinema.dinakaran.com/cine-news-details.aspx?id=9415&id1=3 |archive-date=9 August 2022 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=[[Dinakaran]] |language=ta}}</ref>
*"En Pera Naane Maruntheneda Unna Nenachu"

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film a rating of one-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "The problem with Meiyyazhagi is that it is 30 years too late".<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 May 2016 |title=Meiyyazhagi Movie Review {1.5/5}: Critic Review of Meiyyazhagi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/meiyyazhagi/movie-review/26412335.cms |access-date=30 August 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Dinamalar]]'' gave the film a mixed review and said that the screenplay could have been handled better and that Balaji overacted while praising the film's music and cinematography.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2013 |title=மெய்யழகி |url=https://m.dinamalar.com/vimar-detail.php?id=1266 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809014822/https://m.dinamalar.com/vimar-detail.php?id=1266 |archive-date=9 August 2022 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> On the contrary, a critic from ''[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]]'' praised the director's treatment of the storyline, the lead actors' performance and the music.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2013 |title=மெய்யழகி – 'தி இந்து' விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/208990-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809171251/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/208990-.html |archive-date=9 August 2022 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|8246276}}

[[Category:2013 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:2013 drama films]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:Films about disability in India]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

MCC Campus Matriculation Higher Secondary School

2026-02-21T07:07:03Z

Rkrakeshboro: Starting Entry...

{{more citations needed|date=December 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = MCC Campus Matriculation Higher Secondary School
| logo =
| motto = In Hoc Signo ([[Latin]]: ''In this sign'')
| location = East Tambaram
| city = Chennai
| state = Tamil Nadu
| postal_code = 600 059
| country = India
| founded = June 1985
| founder = Mrs. Anne Dayanandan
| principal = Mrs.SAIRA BANU
| website = http://www.mcccampusschool.edu.in/
| picture =
| logo_alt = MCC Campus School
| address = 1 Airforce Station Rd
}}

'''MCC Campus Matriculation Higher Secondary School''' ('''MCC Campus School'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mcc.edu.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=468&Itemid=402|title=The Campus School|last=Administrator|website=www.mcc.edu.in|access-date=2016-07-29}}</ref>) co-educational which offers education from nursery level Matriculation level that is part of [[Madras Christian College]]. The School located in East [[Tambaram]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The school celebrated its 32nd Anniversary on 6 July 2016 graced by His Excellency Dr. [[Konijeti Rosaiah]] [[Governor of Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tnrajbhavan.gov.in/Events/2016/Events-3.htm|title=Raj Bhavan, Chennai - News and Events|website=www.tnrajbhavan.gov.in|access-date=2016-07-29}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Beginnings ===
MCC Campus School was established in June 1985 with 11 girls and boys as a kindergarten has grown to Higher Secondary. A group of parents in Madras Christian College decide to open a kindergarten class to provide quality education for their children. Dr. Mithra G. Augustine, Principal gives permission and the school is opened as a project of St. Thomas's Hall, located in the annexe. Dr. P. Dayanandan, warden of St. Thomas's Hall makes the Necessary arrangements with his wife Mrs. Anne Dayanandan.

== Special Events & Clubs ==

=== Events ===
* Investiture Ceremony
* Independence Day - 15 August, Flag Hoisting
* Parent Teacher Conference
* Book Fair
* Annual Health Check-up, Vision testing
* Sports Day
* Christmas programme - December
* Republic Day - 26 January, Flag Hoisting
* Special Assemblies
* Overnight Stay - V Std
* Mock Election - V Std
* National Olympiad Examination - NSO, NMO, NCO, NEO
* Spell Bee Competitions
* Green Week - Last Week of January
** Bharat Scouts & Guides
** Cubs & Bulbuls
* Annual day

=== Clubs ===
* Science Club - Scintillation
* English Club - The Elite
* Tamil Club - Senthamil Solai
* Math Club - GeoMath
* Health Club
* Social Science Club.- Manasarovar
* Space and Rocketry club - Cosmic Super Novas

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.mcccampusschool.edu.in/ Official School Website]
* [http://www.mcc.edu.in/ MCC College website]

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Chennai]]

National Aluminium Company

2026-02-07T20:16:12Z

Rkrakeshboro: revise

{{Short description|Indian mining and power corporation}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = National Aluminium Company Limited
| logo = National Aluminium Company logo.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{NSE|NATIONALUM}} {{BSE|532234}}
| industry = [[Mining]] [[Electricity generation|Power]]
| foundation = 7 January 1981
| location_city = [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]]
| location_country = India
| area_served =
| key_people = Brijendra Pratap Singh {{small|([[Chairman]] & [[Managing Director|MD]])}}
| products = [[Bauxite]] [[Aluminium]] [[Aluminium hydroxide|Alumina Hydrate]]
| owner = [[Government of India]] (51.28%)<ref name="nalcoindia.com">{{Cite web|title=Latest Shareholding Pattern – National Aluminium Company Ltd.|url=https://nalcoindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SHP31.03.2025.pdf|access-date=2025-05-23|website=nalcoindia.com}}</ref>
| revenue = {{up}} {{INRConvert|14170|c}} (FY22) <ref name="National Aluminium Company Financial 2020">[https://nalcoindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Submission-of-Audited-Financial-Results-Standalone-Consolidated-for-the-quarter-and-year-ended-31.03.2020.pdf "Balance Sheet 31.03.2020"].</ref>
| operating_income = {{up}} {{INRConvert|3677.12|c}} (FY22)<ref name="National Aluminium Company Financial 2020"/>
| profit = {{up}} {{INRConvert|5267.94|c}} (FY25)<ref name="National Aluminium Company Financial 2025"/>
| assets = {{decrease}} {{INRConvert|14549.62|c}} (2020)<ref name="National Aluminium Company Financial 2020"/>
| equity = {{decrease}} {{INRConvert|9988.07|c}} (2020)<ref name="National Aluminium Company Financial 2020"/>
| num_employees = 6,496 (April 2019)<ref>{{Cite web| title=38th Annual Report 2018-19 | url=https://nalcoindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Annual-Report_38th-AGM.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717100318/https://nalcoindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Annual-Report_38th-AGM.pdf | archive-date=2020-07-17}}</ref>
| divisions =
| subsid =
| website = {{URL|nalcoindia.com}}
}}

'''National Aluminium Company Limited''' (abbreviated as '''NALCO'''; incorporated in 1981) is an Indian [[Public sector undertakings in India|public sector company]] having integrated and diversified operations in mining, metal and power. Presently, the [[Government of India]] holds a 51.28% equity stake in NALCO,<ref name="trendlyne.com">{{Cite web|title=Latest Shareholding Pattern – National Aluminium Company Ltd.|url=https://trendlyne.com/equity/share-holding/911/NATIONALUM/latest/national-aluminium-company-ltd/|access-date=2020-08-07|website=trendlyne.com}}</ref> while the [[Ministry of Mines (India)|Ministry of Mines]] has administrative control over the company.

It is one of the largest integrated bauxite–alumina–aluminium–power complex in the country, encompassing [[bauxite]] mining, [[alumina]] refining, aluminium [[smelting]] and [[casting]], power generation, rail and port operations.

==Operations==

NALCO is headquartered at Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

NALCO operates from two major Units
* Mining and Refinery (M&R) complex
* Smelter and Power (S&P) complex
*Port Facilities at Visakhapatnam and Paradip.
*Wind Power Plants
**Gandikota, Andhra Pradesh – 50.4 MW (2.1MW, 24 nos. WEGs)
**Ludarwa, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan – 47.6 MW (0.85 MW, 56 nos. WEGs)
**Devikot, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan – 50 MW (2 MW, 25 nos. WEG)
**Sangli, Maharashtra – 50.4 MW (2.1MW, 24 nos. WEGs)
*Solar Power at Nalco Corporate Office, Bhubaneswar & NALCO Research & Technology Center, Bhubaneswar
* Regional offices at Kolkata, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai & Bangalore
*10 operating stockyards at various locations in the Country

==Products==
Main products of NALCO are as follows:

Aluminium Metal
* Ingots
* Alloy Ingots
* T-Ingots
* Sows
* Billets
* Wire Rods
* Cast strips

Alumina & Hydrate
* Calcined Alumina
* Alumina Hydrate

Rolled Product
* Aluminium Rolled Products
* Aluminium Chequered Sheets

Power
* Thermal Power
* Co-generation Power
* Wind Power
* Solar Power

== Employees ==
{{asof|June 2019|post=,}} there were 6496 employees on the company's roll.

==Joint Venturess==
*[[Utkarsha Aluminium Dhatu Nigam Limited]] is a joint venture of NALCO and MIDHANI.
*GACL-NALCO Alkalies & Chemicals Private Limited

== Right to Information Act ==
{{See also|Right to Information Act}}

Since NALCO is a [[public authority]], it comes under the [[Right to Information Act]]. Thus, NALCO is required to provide information to various RTI queries asked by general public.<ref name="No information on corruption in Nalco: RTI reply">{{cite news|title=No information on corruption in Nalco: RTI reply|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/367105/no-information-corruption-nalco-rti.html|access-date=5 November 2013|date=5 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="Information Philosophy in NALCO">{{cite web|title=Information Philosophy in NALCO|url=http://www.nalcoindia.com/rti_new.aspx|access-date=5 November 2013|archive-date=23 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323054608/https://www.nalcoindia.com/rti_new.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of countries by aluminium production]]
* [[List of alumina refineries]]
* [[List of aluminium smelters]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Public Sector Undertakings in India}}
{{Nifty 200 companies}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Aluminium companies of India]]
[[Category:Mining companies of India]]
[[Category:Ministry of Mines (India)]]
[[Category:Government-owned mining companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Non-renewable resource companies established in 1981]]
[[Category:1981 establishments in Orissa]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Hanumanthaiah ministry

2026-01-25T20:42:19Z

Rkrakeshboro: small enhance page per sources and fixed typos

{{Short description|Government of Mysore, India (1952–56)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
|cabinet_type=Council of Ministers
|cabinet_number=2nd
|jurisdiction=[[Mysore State|Mysore]] State
|flag=|flag_border=true|incumbent=[[Basavaraj Bommai ministry]]
|image=File:Kengal Hanumanthaiah.gif
|image_size=|caption=Kengal Hanumanthaiah
|date_formed=30 March 1952
|date_dissolved=19 August 1956
|government_head=[[Kengal Hanumanthaiah]]
|deputy_government_head=|government_head_history=
|state_head=[[Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar]] 26 January 1950 – 1 November 1956 ''(As [[Rajpramukh]] of [[Mysore State|Mysore]])''
|members_number=
|former_members_number=
|total_number=
|political_parties='''[[Indian National Congress]]'''
|legislature_status=[[Majority government|Majority]]
|opposition_cabinet=
|opposition_party=
|opposition_leader=
|election=[[1952 Mysore Legislative Assembly election|1952]]|last_election=[[1957 Mysore Legislative Assembly election|1957]] (''After [[First Nijalingappa ministry]]'')
|legislature_term=6 years ([[Mysore Legislative Council|Council]]) 5 years ([[Mysore Legislative Assembly|Assembly]])
|budget=|advice_and_consent1=|advice_and_consent2=|incoming_formation=|outgoing_formation=
|previous=[[K. C. Reddy ministry]]
|successor=[[Manjappa ministry]]
}}

'''Kengal Hanumanthaiah Ministry''' was the Council of Ministers in Mysore, a state in [[South India]] headed by [[Kengal Hanumanthaiah]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=येदियुरप्पा मंत्रिमंडल में 17 विधायक शामिल, एक पूर्व सीएम और दो पूर्व डिप्टी सीएम बने मंत्री|url=https://www.amarujala.com/india-news/karnataka-cm-bs-yediyurappa-proposes-names-of-17-mlas-to-governor-for-induction-as-cabinet-ministers|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref> of the [[Indian National Congress]].

The ministry had multiple ministers including the [[Chief Minister of Mysore]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karnataka BJP cabinet expansion Updates: Governor Vajubhai Vala administers oath to 17 MLAs as ministers|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/karnataka-bjp-cabinet-expansion-live-updates-bs-yediyurappa-to-add-17-new-ministers-oath-taking-today-rebel-congress-mlas-governor-vajubhai-vala-7190121.html|website=Firstpost|date=20 August 2019}}</ref> All ministers belonged to the [[Indian National Congress]].

[[Kengal Hanumanthaiah]] became [[Chief Minister of Mysore]] after [[Indian National Congress]] emerged victorious [[1952 Mysore Legislative Assembly election|1952 Mysore elections]].<ref name="stat2">{{cite news|date=11 October 2007|title=S.R. Bommai passes away|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/11/stories/2007101155711200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011220918/http://hindu.com/2007/10/11/stories/2007101155711200.htm|archive-date=11 October 2007}}</ref>

== Chief Minister & Cabinet Ministers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!S.No
!Portfolio
!Name
!Portrait
!Constituency
! colspan="2" |Term of Office
! colspan="2" scope="col" |Party
|-
|1
|[[Chief Minister of Mysore|Chief Minister]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 26, 2013|first=Sam|last=Rajappa|title=Census work in Belgaum threatened by language controversy|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19810315-census-work-in-belgaum-threatened-by-language-controversy-772735-2013-11-26|access-date=2021-11-06|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
'''*Other departments not allocated to any Minister.'''
|'''[[Kengal Hanumanthaiah]]''' <ref name="stat102">{{cite web|title=Language issue in Karnataka explodes into a violent agitation|date=16 October 2013 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19820515-language-issue-in-karnataka-explodes-into-a-violent-agitation-771772-2013-10-16|publisher=indiatoday}}</ref>
|[[File:Kengal Hanumanthaiah.gif|132x132px]]
|[[Ramanagara (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Ramanagara]]<ref name="indiatoday.in">{{Cite web|date=November 21, 2013|first=Anita|last=Pratap|title=Problems for Karnataka CM Ramakrishna Hegde after five years in power|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19880131-problems-for-karnataka-cm-ramakrishna-hegde-after-five-years-in-power-769003-2013-11-21|access-date=2021-11-06|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
|30 March 1952
|19 August 1956
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|-
|2
|
*Revenue<ref>{{cite web| title=Eminent Parliamentarian Series {{!}} K.Puttaswami |url=http://www.kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/elib/pdf/eresources/K%20Puttaswami.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117203630/http://www.kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/elib/pdf/eresources/K%20Puttaswami.pdf |archive-date=2024-01-17}}</ref>
*Public Works Department
|'''[[Kadidal Manjappa]]'''<ref name="stat102"/>
|
|[[Tirthahalli Koppa Assembly constituency|Tirthahalli Koppa]]<ref name="indiatoday.in"/>
|30 March 1952
|19 August 1956
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|-
|3
|
*Law
*Education
|'''[[A. G. Ramachandra Rao]]'''
|
|[[Holenarsipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Holenarsipur]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/1assemblymemberslist.htm|access-date=2021-11-18|website=kla.kar.nic.in| trans-title=First Karnataka Legislative Assembly |title=ಮೊದಲನೇ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ವಿಧಾನ ಸಭೆ |archive-date=2021-11-18| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118152725/http://kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/1assemblymemberslist.htm}}</ref>
|30 March 1952
|19 August 1956
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|-
|4
|
*Health
*Public Affairs
|'''[[T. Channaiah]]'''
|
|[[Mulbagal-Srinivasapur (Vidhana Sabha Constituency)|Mulbagal-Srinivasapur]]<ref name=":0" />
|30 March 1952
|19 August 1956
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|-
|5
|
*Municipal Governance
*Information and Broadcasting
|'''[[H. Siddaveerappa]]'''
|
|[[Harihar (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Harihar]]<ref name=":0" />
|30 March 1952
|19 August 1956
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|-
|6
|
*Agriculture
|[[R. Nagana Gowda|'''Dr. R. Nagana Gowda''']]
|
|[[Hospet (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Hospet]]<ref name=":0" />
|30 March 1952
|19 August 1956
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|-
|rowspan="2" |7
|rowspan="2" |
*Industries
|rowspan="2" |'''[[H. M. Channabasappa]]'''
|rowspan="2" |
|rowspan="2" |[[Periyapatna (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Periyapatna]]<ref name=":0" />
|2 July 1954
|17 April 1956
|rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|-
|26 May 1956
|19 August 1956
|-
|8
|
*
|'''[[T. Siddalingaya]]'''<ref>{{Cite web | title=Digital Sansad | url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/s.pdf | access-date=2026-01-25 | website=rajyasabha.nic.in}}</ref>
|
|[[Doddaballapur (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Doddaballapur]]
|30 March 1952
|1953
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|- style="text-align:center"
|}

== Minister of State ==
{{Empty section|date=December 2021}}

== See also ==
* [[Mysore Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Mysore Legislative Council]]
* [[Politics of Mysore]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Karnataka Cabinets}}

[[Category:Indian ministries established in 1952]]
[[Category:1952 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Karnataka ministries|Hanumanthaiah]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress state ministries of Karnataka|Hanumanthaiah]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 1956]]

Indra (boat)

2026-01-24T10:55:21Z

Rkrakeshboro: created new details.

{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=December 2023}}
{{Promotional|date=August 2024}}
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox ship
|display_title = ital
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image = Indra solar boat.jpg
|image_caption =
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
|hide_header =
|country = [[India]]
|flag = [[File:Flag of India.svg|60px]]
|name = Indra
|owner = [[Kerala State Water Transport Department]]
|operator = [[Kerala State Water Transport Department]]
|registry = Kodungallur
|route = Kochi waters
|ordered =
|builder = [[Navalt Solar and Electric Boats|Navalt]], [[Kochi]], [[India]]
|original_cost = ₹3.71 Crores
|yard_number = Y-19
|way_number =
|laid_down =
|launched = December 2023
|christened =
|completed = December 2023
|acquired =
|maiden_voyage = December 2023
|in_service = December 2023
|out_of_service =
|identification =
|fate =
|status = In service
|notes =
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|hide_header =
|header_caption =
|class = [[Indian Register of Shipping]] IRS +IW ZONE 1, FERRY
|tonnage = 
|displacement = 40 tonnes
|length = 27 m
|beam = 7 m
|height = 6 m
|draught = 1.0 m
|depth = 1.8 m
|decks = Double
|deck_clearance =
|ramps =
|power = *2 × 10 kW (cruise)
*2 × 20 kW (max)
|propulsion = *2 Permanent magnet asynchronous electrical motors – 20 kW each (max) @ 700 rpm
|speed = *{{convert|7|kn}} (max)
*{{convert|6|kn}} (cruising)
|capacity = 100 passengers
|crew = 3
|notes =
|type = Catamaran
}}
}}
'''''Indra''''' is the largest solar-powered boat in India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/swtd-launches-indias-largest-solar-electric-ferry/article67642709.ece|title=SWTD launches India's largest solar electric boat|date=15 December 2023|newspaper=The Hindu.com|access-date=2023-12-22|language=en}}</ref> It started operations in [[Kochi]] waters in the [[India]]n state of [[Kerala]] on 22 December 2023. The design and construction was done by [[Navalt Solar and Electric Boats|Navalt]] at their [[Kochi]] headquarters and their Navgathi Panavally Yard.

== Statistics ==
Ever since the boat started operating, it has been a hit with the passengers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Apr/17/indias-largest-solar-electric-boat-indra-a-hit/|title=India's largest solar-electric boat Indra a hit|date=17 April 2024|newspaper=New Indian Express|access-date=2024-08-16|language=en}}</ref>

== Technical features ==
The 27-metre-long and 7-metre-wide boat is covered by {{convert|125|m2}} of [[solar panels]] rated at 25 kW, which in turn connect to two [[electric motors]] of 20 kW, one in each [[Hull (watercraft)|hull]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indiaseatradenews.com/navalt-unveils-indra-indias-largest-solar-electric-ferry-transforming-cruise-tourism-with-zero-emissions/|title=Navalt unveils Indra, India's largest solar electric boat|date=16 December 2023|newspaper=India Sea Trade News|access-date=2023-12-22|language=en}}</ref> There are 1500 kg of lithium-ion batteries in the ship's two hulls with a total capacity of 80 kWh. The [[catamaran]] hull and its shape allow it to reach speeds of up to 7 [[Knot (unit)|knots]]. This was verified by [[Indian Register of Shipping]] surveyor.

The boat is remotely monitored and troubleshooting can also be done remotely. All the operating parameters of the boat are recorded and transmitted to the [[Navalt Solar and Electric Boats|Navalt]]'s server from where the technical experts can monitor the boat. The upgrades and settings in the software can also be performed remotely as if a computer is plugged into the boat. This makes the boat even safer.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPJIeoN0Wf0/|title=Kerala government purchase India's largest electric boat|date=30 Jan 2025|newspaper=Baiju N Nair Vlog|access-date=2025-01-31|language=en}}</ref>

== Safety features ==
* The boat is a catamaran and hence more stable than single-hulled boats. Even with 50% more capacity, 150 passengers, the boat will meet all the criteria for stability.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dubrovsky and Matveev |title=New Types of Seagoing Multi-hull Ships with Superior Comfort Level and Safety, Passenger Vessels for the New Millennium|pages=1–12 }}</ref>
* The propulsion battery is approved by DNV Class. These higher standards of safety are essential to ensure the risk of thermal runaway is minimal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycChfl5Evp0|title=Deep Dive: Perspectives on Battery Safety in Marine Transportation and Applications|date=8 Aug 2024|website=www.youtube.com|access-date=12 Aug 2024|language=en}}</ref>
* Cell level monitoring of the battery ensures that risks are lower.
* There are three levels of safety warning for various parameters like temperature of cells, motor, and many more. Level one indicates certain parameters are approaching threshold limit. The next level is the warning that limits have reached and hence need a slowdown, and finally level three warning that limits have breached and the system need to shut down to protect it.
* There are two independent power train that provides reliability and redundancy. A system fault in one power train does not affect the other since they are electrically independent. The boat satisfies the [[Indian Register of Shipping]]'s safety requirement of being able to maintain cruise speed with one set of propulsion shut down.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://navaltboats.com/indra-solar-electric-ferry/|title=Navalt website|date=16 December 2023|newspaper=www.navaltboats.com|access-date=2023-12-22|language=en}}</ref>
* There are two generators on board to take care of range anxiety – a three phase 30 kVA genset to power the auxiliary including air conditioners and a single phase 25 kVA genes to recharge the propulsion battery.

== See also ==

* [[Electric boat]]
* [[Solar Impulse]], a solar powered airplane
* [[List of solar-powered boats]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20161024220405/http://swtd.kerala.gov.in/pages-en-IN/home.php SWTD]

[[Category:Renewable energy]]
[[Category:Solar-powered vehicles]]
{{improve categories|date=December 2023}}

Hidimba

2026-01-22T22:36:44Z

Rkrakeshboro: content update

{{Short description|Powerful demon king of the Mahābhārata}}
{{for|his sister also sometimes called Hiḍimbā|Hidimbi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| image =
| alt =
| caption = Death of Hiḍimba
| name = Hiḍimba
| affiliation = [[Rakshasa]]
| Devanagari = हिडिम्ब
| Sanskrit_transliteration = Hiḍimba
| region =
| predecessor =
| siblings = [[Hidimbi]]
| abode = [[Kamyaka Forest|Kāmyaka Forest]]
| consort =
}}
'''Hidimba''' ({{langx|sa|हिडिम्ब|Hiḍimba}}) was a powerful demon king who is mentioned in the epic [[Mahābhārata]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.himvani.com/688/hidimba-the-unsung-heroine-of-mahabharata/|title=Hidimba: The unsung heroine of Mahabharata|last=HimVani|first=Team|date=2007-03-28|website=HimVani|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-03}}</ref> He was killed by [[Bhima]] and this is recounted in the 9th sub-parva (Hidimba-vadha Parva) of the [[Adi Parva]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Hidimva-vadha Parva: Section CLIV|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01155.htm|access-date=2021-03-10|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

== Death ==
The demon Hidimba lived during a forest along with his sister Hidimbi. While travelling, the [[Pandava|Pandavas]] stopped in that forest to rest while Bhima stood on guard. Hidimba ate human flesh and became eager to devour them. He sent [[Hidimbi]] to kill the Pandavas and to bring them back to him. Hidimbi went on his instructions, but her mind changed on seeing Bhima. She assumed the form of a beautiful woman and told Bhima about her brother, whilst also requesting him to marry her.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Mahabharata|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|year=2015|isbn=9780143425144|volume=1|pages=265–272|translator-last=Debroy|translator-first=Bibek}}</ref>

Hidimba got furious at his sister and rushed towards her to kill her. Bhima interjected Hidimba and challenged him to fight him instead. The sleeping Pandavas woke up on hearing the sounds of them fighting and offered to help Bhima in killing Hidimba but Bhima asked them to watch the duel as spectators. [[Arjuna]] reminded Bhima that daybreak was about to set in and that demons become stronger at that time. So, he advised Bhima to kill Hidimba as soon as possible. Thereafter, Bhima ended up crushing and tearing Hidimba into two pieces.<ref name=":0" />

==Temples==
There are a few temples dedicated to Hidimba's sister [[Hidimbi|Hidimbi]] in [[Himachal Pradesh]].

The most famous temple is the [[Hidimba Devi Temple|Hiḍimbā Devi Temple]] in [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]]. Some of the sacred objects enshrined here include chariots, footprints and a small statue. Hidimbi is one of the most powerful deities in [[Kullu Valley]]. The pagoda-shaped wooden temple, situated in the [[Deodar forests]], has intricately carved wooden doors and wooden [[shikhara]]. It is believed to be over 500 years old.

==Festivals==
Believers may travel to the town of [[Kullu]] to participate in the annual festival of [[Kullu Dussehra|Dussehra]], where Hidimbi's chariot leads a rally of gods from all over the Kullu valley, escorting the main chariot of [[Rāma|Raghunāth]]. At the end of the seven-day festivities, on the Lanka Dahan day, sacrifices are made to Hidimbi. [[Ghatotkacha|Ghaṭōtkaca]] is also a popular deity in the neighboring [[Banjari, Gopalganj|Banjar]] village and [[Sirajganj District|Siraj]] district.

==See also==
*[[Hidimba Devi Temple]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mahābhārata}}
{{HinduMythology}}

[[Category:Rakshasa in the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]

2012 Maharashtra local elections

2026-01-18T04:48:19Z

Rkrakeshboro: minor cleanup

{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2012 Maharashtra Local Body election
| country = India
| type = legislative
| ongoing = no
| previous_election =
| previous_year =
| election_date = 7 February 2012
| next_election = 2016-17 Maharashtra local elections
| next_year = 2016-17
| seats_for_election = Around 1224 to 10 Municipal Corporations
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Prithviraj Chavan - India Economic Summit 2011.jpg|Prithviraj Chavan - India Economic Summit 2011 |bSize=125 |cWidth=110 |cHeight=150 |oTop=05 |oLeft=6 |Location=center}}
| leader2 = [[Prithviraj Chavan]]
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| alliance2 = United Progressive Alliance
| leaders_seat2 =
| seats2 = 264
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| swing2 = 
| image4 = {{CSS image crop|Image=The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg |bSize=125 |cWidth=110 |cHeight=150 |oTop=05 |oLeft=6 |Location=center}}
| leader4 = [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
| party4 = Shiv Sena
| leaders_seat4 =
| seats4 = 227
| alliance4 = National Democratic Alliance
| popular_vote4 =
| percentage4 =
| swing4 = 
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Shri Ajit Anantrao Pawar.jpg |bSize=125 |cWidth=110 |cHeight=150 |oTop=05 |oLeft=6 |Location=center}}
| leader1 = [[Ajit Pawar]]
| party1 = Nationalist Congress Party
| alliance1 = United Progressive Alliance
| seats1 = 265
| seat_change1 =
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 =
| swing1 = 
| image5 =
| leader5 = [[Gopinath Munde]]
| party5 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| leaders_seat =
| seats5 = 205
| popular_vote5 =
| percentage5 =
| swing5 = 
| title =
| before_election =
| before_party =
| after_election =
| after_party =
}}
{{Politics of India}}

Elections for '''[[District Councils of India|zila parishads]]''' and '''[[panchayat samiti]]''' were held on 7 February 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/west/story/panchayat-zilla-parishad-elections-in-maharashtra-92200-2012-02-07|title=Peaceful start to local polls in Maharashtra|work=[[India Today]]|date=7 February 2012|accessdate=26 August 2020}}</ref> '''[[Municipality|Municipal elections]]''' were held across various cities in [[Maharashtra]], [[India]] on 16 February. In different cities elections results were mixed by party. The capital, [[Mumbai]], resulted in a plurality for the [[Shiv Sena]] and the second largest city of [[Pune]] resulted in a [[Nationalist Congress Party]] plurality.

==Rules==
According to the [[Election Commission of India]]'s [[Alcohol laws of India#Maharashtra|rules]] the day before, day of and day after the elections were a [[Alcohol laws of India|dry day]] in the jurisdictions that held elections.

==Parties==
The parties that took part in the municipal elections were:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!Contesting parties
!Seats won
!Bodies won
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|{{Composition bar|265|1224|{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|
* Pune
* Pimpri-Chinchwad
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|{{Composition bar|264|1224|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|
* Solapur
* Amravati
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|{{Composition bar|227|1244|{{party color|Shiv Sena}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|
* Brihanmumbai
* Thane
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|{{Composition bar|204|1244|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|
* Akola
* Nagpur
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}" |
|[[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]
|{{Composition bar|107|1244|{{party color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|
* Nashik
|-
|
|Others
|{{Composition bar|177|1244|{{party color|Others}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|
|}
*

==Results==
The results by municipality were:<ref>{{cite web|author=Result sheet - Municipal Corporation 2012 |url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/pub?key=0AsTha_h2wXTSdGJOM3lBaGdPamkwalVIaHJtOEZ4Z0E&gid=0 |title=Result sheet - Municipal Corporation 2012 - Google Drive |publisher=Docs.google.com |date= |accessdate=2021-03-12}}</ref>
;[[Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai|Brihanmumbai Mahanagar Palika]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
! Party !! colspan="2" | Seats
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]||75
|{{Decrease}} 07
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]||31
|{{Increase}} 03
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]||52
|{{Decrease}} 24
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]||13
|{{Decrease}} 01
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}" |
|[[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]||28
|{{Increase}} 21
|-
|
|Others||28
|{{Increase}} 01
|-
!
!'''Total'''!! colspan="2" |227
|}

;[[Pune Municipal Corporation]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" |Party!! colspan="2" | Seats
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]||15
|{{Decrease}} 05
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]||26
|{{Increase}} 01
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]||28
|{{Decrease}} 07
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]||51
|{{Increase}} 05
|-
|
|[[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]||29
|{{Increase}} 21
|-
|
|Others||3
|{{Decrease}} 11
|-
!
!'''Total'''!! colspan="2" |152
|}

;[[Nagpur Municipal Corporation]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
! Party !! colspan="2" | Seats
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]||6
|{{Decrease}} 01
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]||62
|{{Increase}} 08
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]||41
|{{Increase}} 08
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]||6
|{{Decrease}} 02
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}" |
|[[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]||2
|{{Increase}} 02
|-
|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]||12
|{{Increase}} 12
|-
|
|Others||16
|{{Increase}} 16
|-
!
!'''Total'''!! colspan="2" |145
|}

;[[Thane Municipal Corporation]]:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" |Party!! colspan="2" | Seats
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]||53
|{{Increase}} 07
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]||7
|{{Increase}} 07
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]||18
|{{Increase}} 01
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]||34
|{{Decrease}} 01
|-
|
|[[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]||2
|{{Increase}} 02
|-
|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]||2
|{{Increase}} 02
|-
|
|Others||14
|{{Increase}} 14
|-
!
!'''Total'''!! colspan="2" |130
|}

;[[Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation]]:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Party !! colspan="2" | Seats
|-
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]||83
|{{Increase}} 22
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]||14
|{{Decrease}} 06
|-
|[[Shiv Sena]]||14
|{{Decrease}} 01
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]||3
|{{Increase}} 02
|-
|[[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]||4
|{{Increase}} 04
|-
|Others||10
|{{Steady}}
|-
!'''Total'''!! colspan="2" |128
|}

;[[Nashik Municipal Corporation]]:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Party !! colspan="2" | Seats
|-
|[[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]||40
|{{Increase}} 28
|-
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]||20
|{{Increase}} 03
|-
|[[Shiv Sena]]||19
|{{Decrease}} 01
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]||15
|{{Decrease}} 06
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]||14
|{{Decrease}} 06
|-
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]||3
|{{Increase}} 03
|-
|Others||11
|{{Steady}}
|-
!'''Total'''!! colspan="2" |122
|}

;[[Solapur Municipal Corporation]]:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Party !! colspan="2" | Seats
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]||45
|{{Increase}} 05
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]||25
|{{Increase}} 10
|-
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]||16
|{{Increase}} 02
|-
|[[Shiv Sena]]||8
|{{Decrease}} 01
|-
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]||3
|{{Decrease}} 01
|-
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]||3
|{{Increase}} 03
|-
|Others||2
|{{Decrease}} 01
|-
!'''Total'''!! colspan="2" |102
|}

;[[Amravati Municipal Corporation]] :
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Party !! colspan="2" | Seats
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]||25
|{{Decrease}} 06
|-
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]||17
|{{Decrease}} 02
|-
|[[Shiv Sena]]||10
|{{Increase}} 09
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]||7
|{{Increase}} 01
|-
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]||6
|{{Increase}} 03
|-
|Others||22
|{{Decrease}} 01
|-
!'''Total'''!! colspan="2" |87
|}

;[[Ulhasnagar Municipal Corporation]]:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Party !! colspan="2" | Seats
|-
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]||20
|{{Increase}} 02
|-
|[[Shiv Sena]]||19
|{{Increase}} 01
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]||11
|{{Increase}} 04
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]||8
|{{Decrease}} 02
|-
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]||2
|{{Increase}} 02
|-
|[[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]||1
|{{Increase}} 01
|-
|Others||17
|{{Increase}} 01
|-
!'''Total'''!! colspan="2" |78
|}

;[[Akola Municipal Corporation]]:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Party !! colspan="2" | Seats
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]||18
|{{Increase}} 04
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]||18
|{{Decrease}} 02
|-
|[[Shiv Sena]]||8
|{{Increase}} 04
|-
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]||5
|{{Decrease}} 03
|-
|[[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]||1
|{{Increase}} 01
|-
|Others||23
|{{Increase}} 11
|-
!'''Total'''!! colspan="2" |73
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Maharashtra elections}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maharashtra municipal elections, 2012}}
[[Category:Local elections in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:2012 elections in India]]
[[Category:February 2012 in India]]

Pattinathar (1936 film)

2026-01-10T00:39:13Z

Rkrakeshboro: Article

{{for|the 1962 film|Pattinathar (1962 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pattinathar
| image = Pattinathar 1936 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [https://www.amazon.in/dp/B08T5SZR84/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=nayagar&qid=1610709364&sr=8-1#detailBullets_feature_div T. C. Vadivelu Nayakar]
| producer = M. T. Rajan
| writer = T. C. Vadivelu Nayakar
| starring = [[M. M. Dandapani Desikar]] [[V. N. Sundaram]] D. R. Muthulakshmi T. K. Rukmini
| music = Gopal Sharma
| cinematography = [[K. Ramnoth]]
| editing =
| studio = Vel Pictures
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1936}}
| runtime = 5, 485 ft
| country = India
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''{{lang|ta|Pattinathar}}''' (தமிழ்: பட்டினத்தார்) is a 1936 [[India]]n Tamil film written and directed by T. C. Vadivelu Nayakar and produced by M. T. Rajan. Gopal Sharma composed the music. The film stars [[M. M. Dandapani Desikar]] in his acting debut, playing the titled role with other actors like [[V. N. Sundaram]], D. R. Muthulakshmi, T. K. Rukmini, M. S. Radhabai and P. G. Venkatesan portraying supporting roles. The film was a major success, and ran for 25 weeks and established Desikar as an excellent singer - actor on the ladder of success. [[Pattinathar]] is about a saint who lived in Kaveripoompattinam, his devotion to [[Lord Shiva]] and the miracles the saint performed.

Pattinathar was a subject made thrice in [[Tamil Cinema]]. The first version was made in 1935 by Lotus Pictures with C. S. Sundaramoorthy Odhuvaar as the saint, the second was made in 1936 by Vel Pictures with [[M. M. Dandapani Desikar]] (this film) and it was made again in 1962 with [[T. M. Soundararajan]] as the saint.{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=8}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://silentcritics.com/pattinathaar-1936-movie-review/|title=pattinathaar 1936 movie review|access-date=2016-05-03|publisher=silentcritics}}</ref> In those days, only actors trained in theatre were given roles in films, but occasionally, good musicians were also given opportunities when the film demanded good singing from actors. [[M. M. Dandapani Desikar]], a musician well versed in [[Thevaram]] recitals, was picked to play the eponymous hero.{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=8}}<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite web |author=Randor Guy |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/Pattinathaar-1936/article3023453.ece |title=Pattinathaar 1936 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=17 October 2008 |access-date=2016-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmiclub.com/movie/pattinathar-1936-tamil-movie|title=Pattinathar 1936 Tamil movie|access-date=2016-05-03|publisher=filmiclub}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film is about [[Pattinathar|Pattinatthar]], the saint who lived during 10th Century in Kaveripoompattinam in Tamil Nadu. [[Lord Shiva]], on the report of Dharmavathi about the atrocities committed by men in the world, sends [[Kubera]] from [[Kailas]] to be born as Thiruvengadar at Kaveripoompattinam. At the age of 20, Thiruvengadar, marries Sivakalai and leads a happy, successful and pious life with her, with the only sorrow that they are childless. Siva Sarama, a poor Brahmin of [[Mahalingeswarar Temple, Thiruvidaimarudur|Thiruvidaimarudur]], finds a child under a ''Bilva'' tree and presents the child named Marudhavaanan to Thiruvengadar, who offers gold equal to the child's weight to the temple and brings him up as his son. When Marudhavaanan is 16 years old, he goes on a pleasure trip on a boat and encounters a big fish. By his touch, Marudhavaanan ends the curse of the Gandharva (cursed to be the giant fish).{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=8}} Marudhavaanan goes on business voyage with [[merchandise]] and returns with only a small box and two bags of sand.

Opening the box, his father Thiruvengadar finds only three cow dung cakes, which he throws away in disgust. To his astonishment, precious stones gleam through the broken cakes and the sand bags hold gold dust. He rushes in to see his son Marudhavaanan (who is [[Lord Shiva]] himself), who has disappeared mysteriously, leaving only a small box with his mother Sivakalai. Thiruvengadar finds a [[Palm-leaf manuscript]] and a [[Sewing needle|needle]] without an [[Grommet|eyelet]]. On the script were the following words (in English for understanding):

"Not even an eyeless needle will accompany you in the final journey of life."

On reading the scroll, realisation of eternal truth and teaching of life dawn on him and he renounces all his worldly possessions. Poignant scenes take place on his exit from his house as an ascetic. Thereafter, Thiruvengadar becomes [[Pattinathar]] and leads the life of a mendicant living on alms. Meenakshi, his elder sister, feeling that the dignity of her family will suffer by his conduct, decides to kill him by giving him a poisoned Appam (Breakfast pancake). Discovering her plot through divine grace, he throws it on the roof of her house which catches fire immediately. But the miraculous fire is extinguished by him when she begs his pardon and then Pattinathar goes on his way.

He also performs the cremation of his dead mother by placing her on a pyre of plantain stems: by divine grace, it catches fire and her body gets cremated. Thereafter, Pattinathar leaves the city of his birth and wanders from place to place. One night, feeling hungry, he peeps into a hut. The villagers mistakes him for a thief and beat him. Deciding not to beg for alms in future, he goes to a lonely Lord Ganesha's Temple in the jungle and sits behind the Vigragam (God's idol) for meditation. A band of robbers returning from a successful loot of King Badragiri's palace, throw a necklace at the Vigragam as their offering. It accidentally falls on Pattinathar's neck as he is sitting behind the Vigragam. He gets arrested by the King's sentries for having the stolen necklace.

He is taken to the king, who orders his execution on the spike, but the spike catches fire. King Badragiri thereupon abdicates his crown in favour of his son. At his ardent request, Saint Pattinathar accepts the king as a disciple and orders him to report at Thiruvidaimarudur. At Thiruvidaimarudur, Pattinathar and his disciple station themselves at the eastern and the western gates of the temple, till years later Badragiri attains salvation. After visiting various shaivite shrines, Pattinathar comes to [[Tiruvottiyur]] at the behest of [[Lord Shiva]]. At [[Tiruvottiyur]] beach, he requests some Yaadhava children to cover him with a big mud plastered basket. The boys accede to his wish. On opening it, they are stunned to find a [[Lingam|Shivalingam]] ([[Lord Shiva]]'s image), instead of the sage. Meantime, Sivakalai, Pattinathar's wife sees a vision of him at [[Tiruvottiyur]], about to attain salvation. By divine grace she becomes a bilva tree by the side of the Sivalingam and thereby attains salvation.{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=9}}

==Cast==
* [[M. M. Dandapani Desikar]] as Thiruvenkadar alias Pattinathar
* D. R. Muthulakshmi as Sivakalai
* [[V. N. Sundaram]]
* T. K. Rukmini
* M. S. Radhabai
* P. G. Venkatesan
* M. K. Gopala Ayyangar

==Reception==
The film's message that one should search for the true meaning of life, not waste it in pilling up wealth seemed to have gone deep into the psyche of the film - going public of the 30s and the film become a rage. The impact of the film was so great that it is popularly believed that some young men, even some married men, gave up worldly life and donned saffron robes after seeing the film.

==Box office==
More than the box office success of running for over 25 weeks, the film brought in a strong social change on the need to find the true meaning of life rather than amassing wealth.{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=9}}

==Soundtrack==
Music composed by Gopal Sharma and lyrics had the original compositions of the Saint [[Pattinathar]] himself and some other songs composed by other saints including [[Sundarar]], [[Sambandar|Thirugnana Sambandar]], [[Manikkavacakar|Manickavasagar]] and [[Ramalinga Swamigal|Vallalar]]. The film had 52 songs, most of which rendered by [[M. M. Dandapani Desikar]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Thamizh Cinema Ulagam Part1|author=Akila Vijayakumar|publisher=Manivasagar pathippagam|edition=1st |location=Chennai |publication-date=March 2019 |pages=166–169|language=Tamil}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://venpura.com/movie/Pattinathar-1936|title=Pattinathar 1936|access-date=2016-05-03|publisher=venpura}}</ref> The songs were great hits and popular among them.{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=9}}
{| class="wikitable"
! No !! Songs !! Singers
|-
| 1 || Desam Nilaiyallave ||
|-
| 2 || Oru Mada Maadhu || [[M. M. Dandapani Desikar]]
|-
| 3 || Irukkum Yedam Thedi || [[M. M. Dandapani Desikar]]
|-
| 4 || Vaatililum Thottililum ||
|-
| 5 || Kakkum Avare ||
|-
| 6 || Paarvathi Naatha ||
|-
| 7 || Maanida Thegam ||
|-
| 8 || Sarvam Sivamayam ||
|-
| 9 || Enna Seyal ||
|-
| 10 || Ummai Maranthiduveno ||
|-
| 11 || Theruvil Naan ||
|-
| 12 || Odhuvaar Thammai ||
|-
| 13 || Magalum Thaayum ||
|-
| 14 || Annamalayane ||
|-
| 15 || Vaadaa Magavane ||
|-
| 16 || Kaado Sediyo ||
|}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931 to 2013 |date=2014 |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e07vBwAAQBAj |isbn=978-93-84301-05-7 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/pattinathaar-1936/article3023453.ece|title=Pattinathaar 1936|last=Guy|first=Randor|authorlink=Randor Guy|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=17 October 2008|access-date=17 November 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140830115341/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/pattinathaar-1936/article3023453.ece|archive-date=30 August 2014|url-status=live}}

==See also==
* [[Pattinathar]]
* [[Pattinathar (1962 film)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0245349}}

[[Category:1936 films]]
[[Category:1930s Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1936 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Hindu mythological films]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Films about royalty]]
[[Category:Indian musical films]]
[[Category:Hindu devotional films]]
[[Category:Indian religious epic films]]
[[Category:Films about Hinduism]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films set in 1936]]
[[Category:1930s biographical films]]
[[Category:1936 musical films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Akash Shinde

2026-01-05T22:13:59Z

Rkrakeshboro: enhanced lead for clarity

{{Short description|Indian kabaddi player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Akash Shinde
| fullname = Akash Santosh Shinde
| nickname = Sky Shinde
| nationality = Indian
| citizenship =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2001|03|07|df=y}}
| alma_mater =
| years_active = 23
| employer =
| agent =
| height = 180cm
| weight = 74kg
| website =
| country = India
| sport = [[Kabaddi]]
| event =
| league = Pro Kabaddi League
| team = Bengaluru Bulls
| show-medals = yes
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Kabaddi]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Kabaddi at the 2022 Asian Games – Men|Team]]}}
}}

'''Akash Santosh Shinde''' (born 7 March 2001) is an Indian professional [[Kabaddi]] player from [[Nashik]], [[Maharashtra]] who plays in the [[Pro Kabaddi League]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Kabaddi League 2021 Season 8- प्रो कबड्डी लीग 2021 Team, Live Score PKL 2021, Players List 2021, Match Schedule 2021, PKL 2021 Dates and Time Table |url=https://hindi.news18.com/pro-kabaddi-league/up-yoddhas/akash-shinde-4831/ |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref> He plays as a left raider for [[Bengaluru Bulls]] in PKL.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shinde Akash Santosh Bio & Stats {{!}} Puneri Paltan {{!}} Pro Kabaddi Season 9 |url=http://www.kabaddiadda.com/player/shinde-akash-santosh-5001968 |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=Kabaddi Adda |language=en |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003075615/https://www.kabaddiadda.com/player/shinde-akash-santosh-5001968 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was selected for the Indian team for the [[2022 Asian Games]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-26 |title=Full list of Indian athletes for Asian Games 2023 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/asian-games-2023-full-list-of-634-indian-athletes-who-will-take-part-in-hangzhou-event-13042652.html |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Akash was a part of the Indian team that won the gold medal in the [[Kabaddi]] finals at the 2022 Asian Games.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Games 2023, Day 14 Live Updates: India win men's kabaddi Gold after controversial finish |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/asian-games-2023/story/day-14-live-updates-medals-archery-india-vs-afghanistan-cricket-kabaddi-satwik-chirag-finals-2445671-2023-10-07 |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> They beat Iran in a controversial final 33–29.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-07 |title=India win men's kabaddi gold after controversial final against Iran involving one hour stoppage |url=https://www.espn.in/kabaddi/story/_/id/38588943/asian-games-2022-india-win-gold-controversial-final-iran-involving-one-hour-stoppage |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref>

Currently, he has been signed by Bengaluru Bulls for their 2025 campaign of PKL. He'll be seen playing for the franchise in the upcoming season.

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
Akash [https://info.hangzhou2022.cn/en/results/kabaddi/athlete-profile-n2010604-shinde-akash-santosh.htm Shinde] at [[2022 Asian Games]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shinde, Akash Santosh}}
[[Category:Indian male kabaddi players]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Pro Kabaddi League players]]
[[Category:2001 births]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in kabaddi]]
[[Category:Kabaddi players at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games kabaddi players for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

{{India-kabaddi-bio-stub}}

Kilpauk

2025-12-11T12:14:18Z

Rkrakeshboro:

{{Short description|Neighborhood in Chennai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kilpauk
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Chennai#Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|13.0856|N|80.2379|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chennai District]]
| subdivision_type3 = Metro
| subdivision_name3 = Chennai
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Chennai Corporation
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 600010
| registration_plate = TN-01
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority|CMDA]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Chennai Corporation
| website = {{URL|www.chennai.tn.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Kilpauk''' is a semi residential area located in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India. The distance from Chennai's city to Kilpauk is about 6 km. The region is situated off the [[Poonamallee High Road]] in the west. Adjacent areas of Kilpauk include [[Chetpet (Chennai)|Chetpet]], [[Kellys]], [[Egmore]], [[Ayanavaram]], [[Anna Nagar]], [[Choolaimedu]] and [[Purasawalkam]].

The nearest railway station for Kilpauk is the one at Chetpet. This railway station lies to the south of Kilpauk and not more than a kilometre away. There are two metro stations which connects to Kilpauk, they are Nehru Park and Kilpauk (entrance of the Kilpauk Medical College). The Chennai Airport is about 18 km from Kilpauk.

This place was a cantonment area for [[United Kingdom|British]] troops before India's independence. Today this locality is known as "Little Korea" due to the Korean population residing in this area.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}

The neighbourhood has a historical water-treatment plant.
On the other end, to the west, is the Institute of Mental Health,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Somasundaram|first1=O.|last2=Ratnaraj|first2=Ponnudurai|date=February 2018|title=Kilpauk Mental Hospital: The Bethlem of South Asia – A recall of its history prior to 1970|journal=Indian Journal of Psychiatry|volume=60|issue=Suppl 2|pages=S183–S191|doi=10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_431_17|issn=0019-5545|pmc=5836336|pmid=29527046 |doi-access=free }}</ref> one of the oldest mental asyla in the continent, visited by [[Elizabeth II]].
[[File:Kilpauk on Diwali 2024.jpg|thumb|415x415px|The Ega Tower on Diwali (October 31) 2024.]]

==Localities==

* Kilpauk Garden
* Kelly's Corner
* Aspiran Garden
* Secretariat Colony

==Educational Institutions==

*Seth P D Hinduja Sindhi Model Senior Secondary School
*C S I Bain school
*Bhavan's Rajaji Vidyashram
*Chinmaya Vidyalaya
*Kola Saraswati
*[[HIMT|Hindustan Institute of Maritime Training]]
*MES Razeena Matriculation Higher Secondary School

Both the Directorate of Medical Education and Government [[Kilpauk Medical College]] are located on EVR Periyar Salai. Kilpauk is also well known for engineering college head offices, including [[Rajalakshmi Institutions]] and [[Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology]].

[[File:Rajalakshmi Institutions Main Head Office.jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[Rajalakshmi Institutions]] Main Office]]

== Religious Places ==
=== Temple ===
There is an [[Hindu temple|Amman temple]] viz., [[Pathala Ponniamman Temple]] located at Kilpauk. This temple is maintained under the control of [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]], [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arulmigu Pathala Ponniamman Temple, Kilpauk, Chennai - 600010, Chennai District [TM000272].,Pathalaponniamman,Pathalaponniamman |url=https://hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/index_temple.php?tid=272 |access-date=6 October 2024 |website=hrce.tn.gov.in}}</ref>

==See also==
[[Kilpauk Medical College]]

==References==
{{Portal|India}}
{{reflist}}

{{Neighborhoods of Chennai}}
{{Chennai Topics}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Chennai]]
[[Category:Koreatowns]]

Padshah Begum

2025-11-08T19:57:42Z

Rkrakeshboro: Data

{{Short description|Mughal Empire title}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Padshah Begum
| body = the [[Mughal Empire]]
| insignia =
| insigniasize = 120px
| insigniacaption =
| image = Princess Jahanara aged 18, British Library, Add Or 3129, f.13v.jpg
| imagesize = 200px
| imagecaption = Mughal princess [[Jahanara Begum|Jahanara]], Padshah Begum during the reigns of Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb
| style = [[Her Imperial Majesty]]
| residence = [[Agra Fort]]
| appointer = [[Mughal Emperors]]
| precursor =
| formation = 21 April 1526
| first = [[Maham Begum]]
| last = [[Zeenat Mahal]]
| abolished = 14 September 1857
| succession =
}}

'''Padshah Begum''' ({{Langx|fa|پادشاه بیگم}}) was a superlative [[wikt:Imperial|imperial]] [[title]] conferred upon the empress consort of the [[Mughal Empire]] and was considered to be the most important title in the [[Mughal Harem|Mughal harem]] or ''[[zenana]]''.<ref name="Findly">{{cite book|last1=Findly|first1=Ellison Banks|title=Nur Jahan, empress of Mughal India|url=https://archive.org/details/nurjahanempressm00find|url-access=limited|date=1993|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=9780195360608|pages=[https://archive.org/details/nurjahanempressm00find/page/n107 95], 125}}</ref> This title can be equivalent with "empress" in English, but in only approximate terms in the Mughal context.

==List of Padshah Begum==
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|-
! Rowspan="2"|Padshah Begum
! scope="row" colspan="2"| Tenure
! Rowspan="2"|Notes
|-
! From
! Until
|-
! [[Maham Begum]]
| 1526
| 1530
|
* Wife of [[Babur]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Bega Begum]]
| 1530
| 1540
| rowspan="2" |
* Wife of [[Humayun]]
|-
| 1555
| 1556
|-
![[Hamida Banu Begum]]

|1556
|1604
|
*Mother of [[Akbar]]
|-
![[Saliha Banu Begum]]
|1608
|1620
|
*Wife of [[Jahangir]]
|-
![[Nur Jahan]]
| 1620
| 1627
|
* Wife of [[Jahangir]]
|-
! [[Mumtaz Mahal]]
| 1628
| 1631
|
* Wife of [[Shah Jahan]]
|-
! Rowspan="2"|[[Jahanara Begum]]
| 1631
| 1658
|Rowspan="3"|
* Daughter of [[Shah Jahan]]
* Sister of [[Aurangzeb]]
|-
| 1669
| 1681
|-
! [[Roshanara Begum]]
| 1658
| 1669
|-
! [[Zinat-un-Nissa Begum]]
| 1681
| 1721
|
* Daughter of [[Aurangzeb]]
|-
! [[Badshah Begum]]
| 1721
| 1789
|
* Daughter of [[Farrukhsiyar]]
* Wife of [[Muhammad Shah]]
|-
! [[Zeenat Mahal]]
| 1840
| 1857
|
* Wife of [[Bahadur Shah Zafar]]
|}

== Etymology ==
'''[[Padishah|Padeshah]]''', '''Padshah''', '''Padishah''', or '''Badishah''' is a superlative royal title, composed of the Persian ''pād'' (master) and ''shāh'' (king), which was adopted by several monarchs claiming the highest rank, equivalent to that of an ancient Persian notion of "The Great" or "Great King", and later adopted by post-Achaemenid and Christian Emperors. Its Arabized pronunciation as Badshah was used by Mughal emperors, and Bashah or Pasha was used by Ottoman Sultans.

'''[[Begum]]''', '''begam''', '''baigum''' or '''beygum''' is a female royal and aristocratic title from Central and South Asia. It is the feminine equivalent of the title ''[[baig]]'' or ''[[bey]]'', which in Turkic languages means ''chief'' or ''commander''. It usually refers to the wife or daughter of a ''beg''.

== Historical usage ==
The title of 'Padshah Begum' could only be bestowed upon the chief or principal wife, a sister, mother, or a favored daughter of the Mughal emperor<ref>{{cite book|last=Aftab|first=Tahera|title=Inscribing South Asian Muslim Women: an Annotated Bibliography & Research Guide|year=2008|publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004158498|page=66|edition=[Online-Ausg.]}}</ref> and could not be held by more than one lady simultaneously.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Journal of the Numismatic Society of India, Volumes 20-21|year=1958|publisher=Numismatic Society of India|page=223}}</ref> This was evidenced by the fact that Emperor [[Jahangir]]'s wife, [[Nur Jahan]], could only be given the title after his chief wife, [[Saliha Banu Begum]] (the Padshah Begum for most of his reign), had died in 1620.<ref name="Findly" />

Where the consorts of the Mughal emperors were concerned, the title could only be bestowed upon the chief wife of the emperor. The title was first bestowed upon [[Maham Begum]], who was the chief wife of Emperor [[Babur]]. It was held by [[Bega Begum]] during the reign of [[Humayun]]. Akbar, bestowed this title over his mother, [[Hamida Banu Begum]] who bore it until her death 1604.<ref>{{cite book |last=Badayuni|first=Abdul Qadir|volume=III|title=Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh|quote=Begum Pädshāh, the mother of his Majesty, busied herself in the ladies' apartments of the palace in interceding for the Shaikh and said to the Emperor. My son, he has an aged and decrepit mother in Ajmer.}} </ref> Emperor Jahangir bestowed this title upon his chief wife, Saliha Banu Begum, and then to her successor (after her death), Nur Jahan. Emperor [[Shah Jahan]] bestowed this title upon his chief wife, [[Mumtaz Mahal]] but after she died, he bestowed it upon his daughter [[Jahanara Begum]]. [[Shahar Banu Begum]] was briefly called Padshah begum during the short reign of her husband [[Muhammad Azam Shah|Azam Shah]], but it is unknown if the title was actually given to her.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Sudha |title=The Status of Muslim Women in Medieval India |date=21 March 2016 |publisher=SAGE Publications India |isbn=978-9-351-50567-9 |pages=82}}</ref> Emperor [[Muhammad Shah]] bestowed this title upon his chief wife [[Badshah Begum]].

The title was also bestowed upon the daughter of the emperor, such as Emperor Shah Jahan's daughter, Princess Jahanara Begum, and Emperor [[Aurangzeb]]'s daughter, Princess [[Zinat-un-Nissa]], both of whom bore the title throughout their lives.<ref>{{cite book|last=Schimmel|first=Annemarie|title=The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture|year=2004|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=1861891857|page=[https://archive.org/details/empireofgreatmug00anne/page/152 152]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/empireofgreatmug00anne/page/152}}</ref>

In some cases, the title was also bestowed upon the sister of the emperor. Aurangzeb bestowed the title on his sisters [[Roshanara Begum]] and Jahanara Begum. When a Timurid Shahzadi held the title it meant "Empress amongst princesses".<ref>{{cite book|last=Butenschön|first=Andrea|title=The Life of a Mogul Princess: Jahānarā Begum, Daughter of Shāhjahān|year=1931|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=221}}</ref>

== In popular culture==
* ''[[Badshah Begum (TV series)|Badshah Begum]]'', a 2022 Pakistani television drama based on the concept of Padshah Begum.<ref>{{cite web|website=DAWN Images|access-date=2022-02-25|url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1189518/with-no-saas-bahu-drama-in-sight-badshah-begum-wants-to-push-the-boundaries-of-television|title=With no saas-bahu drama in sight, Badshah Begum wants to push the boundaries of television|date=2022-02-16|author=Mohammad Kamran Jawaid}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Padshah]]
* [[Begum]]
* [[Mughal Empire]]
* [[List of Mughal empresses]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Titles]]
[[Category:Persian words and phrases]]
[[Category:Mughal royal consorts|*]]
[[Category:Titles in India]]
[[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership]]
[[Category:Mughal Harem]]

As I'm Suffering From Kadhal

2025-10-21T01:46:21Z

Rkrakeshboro: Done!

{{short description|2017 Indian TV series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox television
| image = As I'm Suffering From Kadhal.jpg
| genre = [[Romantic comedy]]
| creator = [[Balaji Mohan]]
| writer = Balaji Mohan
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Sunder Ramu]]
* Balaji Mohan
* [[Dhanya Balakrishna]]
* [[Yuvina Parthavi|Baby Yuvina]]
* [[Nakshathra Nagesh]]
* [[Sananth]]
* Abishek Joseph George
* [[Sanchana Natarajan]]
}}
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 10
| executive_producer = Dhanya Balakrishna Balaji Mohan
| cinematography = Shiva GRN
| runtime = 20–27 minutes
| network = [[Hotstar]]
| director = Balaji Mohan
| composer = Satish Raghunathan
| company = Trendloud Open Window Productions
| editor = [[Prasanna GK]] Balaji Mohan
| first_aired = {{Start date|2017|06|16|df=yes}}
}}

'''''As I'm Suffering from Kadhal''''' ({{translation|As I'm suffering from love}}) is a 2017 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic comedy]] television series created, directed and written by [[Balaji Mohan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=சிபிச்சக்கரவர்த்தி |first=நா. |date=4 July 2017 |title="நான் கெட்டவார்த்தை எல்லாம் பேச மாட்டேங்க" – 'As I'm Suffering From Kadhal' தன்யா |trans-title="I do not speak bad words" – 'As I'm Suffering From Kadhal' Dhanya |url=http://www.vikatan.com/cinema/tamil-cinema/news/94217-i-don-t-speak-bad-word-says-dhanya-balakrishna.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706212058/http://www.vikatan.com/cinema/tamil-cinema/news/94217-i-don-t-speak-bad-word-says-dhanya-balakrishna.html |archive-date=6 July 2017 |access-date=6 July 2017 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=Ta}}</ref> Set in urban Chennai, it narrates the story of three uniquely different young couples and a young divorced father and his 8-year-old daughter, and their quirky take on the varied aspects of modern-day love. The principal characters of the series include [[Sunder Ramu]], [[Yuvina Parthavi]], [[Sananth]], [[Sanchana Natarajan]], [[Dhanya Balakrishna]], Balaji Mohan, [[Nakshathra Nagesh]] and Abhishek Joseph George. The ten-episode series was released on 16 June 2017 on [[Hotstar]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=சுஜிதா |date=5 July 2017 |title=As I'm Suffering From Kadhal – இவர்கள் சொல்லும் ரிலேஷன்ஷிப் லாஜிக் ஓகேவா? |trans-title=As I'm Suffering From Kadhal – Is the relationship logic they explain okay? |url=http://www.vikatan.com/news/television/94329-psychological-perspective-of-as-im-suffering-from-kadhal-series.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709000247/http://www.vikatan.com/news/television/94329-psychological-perspective-of-as-im-suffering-from-kadhal-series.html |archive-date=9 July 2017 |access-date=6 July 2017 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=Ta}}</ref> and opened to positive reception from audiences.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2017 |title=Meet Balaji Mohan, director of the fun 'As I'm Suffering from Kadhal' Tamil web series |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/meet-balaji-mohan-director-fun-im-suffering-kadhal-tamil-web-series-63951 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625010924/http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/meet-balaji-mohan-director-fun-im-suffering-kadhal-tamil-web-series-63951 |archive-date=25 June 2017 |access-date=6 July 2017 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> The series was renewed for a second season.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivatsan |date=19 June 2017 |title=Why Balaji Mohan's As I'm Suffering From Kadhal is an important step in Tamil cinema |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/standpoint/story/as-im-suffering-from-kadhal-balaji-mohan-web-series-tamil-983496-2017-06-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221112019/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/standpoint/story/as-im-suffering-from-kadhal-balaji-mohan-web-series-tamil-983496-2017-06-19 |archive-date=21 February 2021 |access-date=17 February 2021 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The show revolves around the lives of Bala Kumar, a divorcee who shares the custody of his daughter Smriti; Divya and Badri, a live-in couple, who completely oppose the fact of getting married; Meera and Santhosh, a married couple, who absolutely hate each other; Raghav and Tanvi, who are in the process of getting married.

The series starts with Meera crashing her car and ruining Tanvi-Raghav's Pre-pre-engagement party. Divya then tells Raghav to check on Meera, and it is later discovered that Meera cheated on Santhosh with Raghav as Santhosh too cheated on her at his Bachelor party with a girl called Nii-vaa-suin in Bangkok. Badri hears their conversation and struggles to hide the truth. He eventually tells it to Divya.

At Raghav and Tanvi's pre-engagement party, Meera learns that she is pregnant. She throws the pregnancy-kit in the dustbin that is later seen by Divya. Santhosh and his friend add alcohol to Divya & Badri's juice. A drunk Divya and Badri blurt out the truth in front of everybody and even confess to Divya's dad that they don't want to get married.

Tanvi breaks up with Raghav. Meera tells Santhosh that she is pregnant with his baby and they both reconcile. Divya's dad warns Badri to marry Divya. Bala Kumar gets extremely sad and upset because his ex-wife shifts with Smriti and her husband to Bangalore. This story ends with a lot of confusion and happiness.

== Cast ==

=== Main cast ===

* [[Sunder Ramu]] as Bala Kumar
* [[Yuvina Parthavi]] as Smrithi
* [[Sananth]] as Badri
* [[Sanchana Natarajan]] as Divya
* [[Dhanya Balakrishna]] as Meera
* [[Balaji Mohan]] as Santosh
* [[Nakshathra Nagesh]] as Tanvi
* Abhishek Joseph George as Raghav

=== Guest appearance ===
* RJ Love Guru (Vivaswan Rajesh) voiced as an Interviewer
* [[Arjunan (actor)|Arjunan]] as Balaji Mohan friend
* [[Robo Shankar]] as associate director
* [[Andrea Jeremiah]] as psychiatrist
* [[RJ Vigneshkanth]] as a photographer
* Vaidhyanathan as Divya's father
* Radha Shekar as Divya's mother
* Vijay Varadharajan as producer
* Vignesh Vijayakumar as assistant director
* [[Ramya Subramanian|VJ Ramya]] as Sara, Divya's friend

== Episodes ==
{{Episode table |background=64544C |overall= |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Meet the Sufferers
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = [[Balaji Mohan]]
|WrittenBy = [[Balaji Mohan]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2017|06|16}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Suffering for Chaos
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Balaji Mohan
|WrittenBy = Balaji Mohan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2017|06|16}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Suffering from Chronic Fighting
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Balaji Mohan
|WrittenBy = Balaji Mohan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2017|06|16}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Suffering from Perfection Deficiency
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Balaji Mohan
|WrittenBy = Balaji Mohan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2017|06|16}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Suffering from External Problem
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Balaji Mohan
|WrittenBy = Balaji Mohan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2017|06|16}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Suffering from High Expectations
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Balaji Mohan
|WrittenBy = Balaji Mohan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2017|06|16}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Suffering From Pressure To Perform
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Balaji Mohan
|WrittenBy = Balaji Mohan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2017|06|16}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = Suffering From Dependency
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Balaji Mohan
|WrittenBy = Balaji Mohan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2017|06|16}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|Title = Suffering From A Secret Overdose
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Balaji Mohan
|WrittenBy = Balaji Mohan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2017|06|16}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|Title = Suffering From Kadhal
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = Balaji Mohan
|WrittenBy = Balaji Mohan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2017|06|16}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
}}

== Production ==
{{Quote box
|text=In our scenario, in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil films]] or [[Cinema of South India|south Indian films]] for that matter, a large side of reality is not shown. It's mostly about two people meeting and how they fall in love. I'm more interested in what happens after the relationship starts [...] There's so much potential and content there which I feel we haven't explored. I thought it's high time we did it...and a platform like this offers me the space to say what I believe in and a lot of people are happy to see their life being shown on screen.
|source=—[[Balaji Mohan]] on the narrative of ''As I'm Suffering From Kadhal''<ref name="TNM interview" />
|align = right
|width = 20%
}}
[[Balaji Mohan]] initially planned ''As I'm Suffering from Kadhal'' as a feature film, but ultimately decided it was better made as a series, saying, "as I explored the concept further with parallel storylines falling into place, it didn't make sense to fit it into a two-hour film".<ref name="TOI interview" /> He added that the decision to make it a series was mostly due to the advice of [[Dhanush]] and [[Soundarya Rajinikanth]], before he began work on ''[[Maari 2]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Subha J. |date=12 June 2017 |title=Afflicted by love |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/afflicted-by-love/article18966253.ece |url-status=live |access-date=17 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112033958/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/afflicted-by-love/article18966253.ece |archive-date=12 November 2020}}</ref> Balaji also stated that the series is a more mature and deeper version of ''[[Kadhalil Sodhappuvadhu Yeppadi]]'' (2012), his feature film debut.<ref name="TOI interview">{{Cite news |date=2 July 2017 |title=The Series Shows The Best and Worst of Different Relationships |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/the-series-shows-the-best-and-worst-of-different-relationships/articleshow/59408108.cms |url-status=live |access-date=19 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708052939/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/the-series-shows-the-best-and-worst-of-different-relationships/articleshow/59408108.cms |archive-date=8 July 2017}}</ref>

Balaji opined that the moral compass of the characters in the series is different from feature films, stating, "The whole audience that watches a feature film won't watch this {{Sic|web series}}. The people watching this series are also people who watch films... but I'm not targeting this for the whole of [[Tamil Nadu]] or all age groups. This is for people who've seen all this happening around them, and they understand that this is what happens today."<ref name="TNM interview">{{Cite web |date=20 June 2017 |title=Meet Balaji Mohan, director of the fun 'As I'm Suffering from Kadhal' Tamil web series |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/meet-balaji-mohan-director-fun-im-suffering-kadhal-tamil-web-series-63951 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929222916/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/meet-balaji-mohan-director-fun-im-suffering-kadhal-tamil-web-series-63951 |archive-date=29 September 2020 |access-date=17 February 2021 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> He also said that making it a series ensured significant freedom, due to less restrictions and censoring when compared to feature films.<ref name=":0" />

The digital distribution of the series' rights were sold to [[Hotstar]], which was owned and operated by [[Star India]]. Balaji produced the film under his Open Window banner and Trendloud, an original content studio tied up with the platform as his creative team ensured the creative freedom needed to create the show as he had envisioned.<ref name=":0" />

== Soundtrack ==
The team released a song teaser in Hotstar composed by Satish Raghunathan on 31 May 2017, followed by the music video and the single on 2 June 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2017 |title=As I'm Suffering from Kadhal song teaser out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2017/jun/15/as-im-suffering-from-kadhal-sees-exclusive-release-of-a-special-song-594.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622161859/http://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2017/jun/15/as-im-suffering-from-kadhal-sees-exclusive-release-of-a-special-song-594.html |archive-date=22 June 2017 |access-date=17 February 2021 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> The lyrics for the song was penned by Balaji Mohan and sung by [[Anand Aravindakshan]], Balaji Mohan, Dhanya Balakrishna, Karthika Vaidyanathan, Satish Raghunathan and choreographed by [[Gayathri Raguram]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0G4t1V2KuSY |title=As I'm Suffering From Kadhal {{!}} Music Video |date=15 June 2017 |last=DisneyPlus Hotstar |author-link=Disney+ Hotstar |access-date=17 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330103416/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0G4t1V2KuSY |archive-date=30 March 2024 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>

== Release ==
''As I'm Suffering from Kadhal'' was the first ever Indian series for [[Hotstar Originals]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Manoj Kumar |date=26 May 2017 |title=As I'm suffering from Kadhal trailer: Balaji Mohan's web series is full of promises. Watch video |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/as-im-suffering-from-kadhal-trailer-balaji-mohan-we-series-watch-video-4690051/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520122448/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/as-im-suffering-from-kadhal-trailer-balaji-mohan-we-series-watch-video-4690051/ |archive-date=20 May 2018 |access-date=17 February 2021 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> All the ten episodes of the series were released simultaneously on Hotstar on 16 June 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2017 |title=Now, a Tamil web series to keep you hooked |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/now-a-tamil-web-series-to-keep-you-hooked/articleshow/59193444.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817024108/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/now-a-tamil-web-series-to-keep-you-hooked/articleshow/59193444.cms |archive-date=17 August 2017 |access-date=19 February 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The series opened to positive reception from audience and followed by the response, the makers renewed for a second season during the time of release.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MK |first=Surendhar |date=8 February 2018 |title=Balaji Mohan on Maari 2, As I'm Suffering from Kadhal and working with Dhanush, Yuvan Shankar Raja |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/balaji-mohan-on-maari-2-as-im-suffering-from-kadhal-and-working-with-dhanush-yuvan-shankar-raja-4341367.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731032140/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/balaji-mohan-on-maari-2-as-im-suffering-from-kadhal-and-working-with-dhanush-yuvan-shankar-raja-4341367.html |archive-date=31 July 2018 |access-date=17 February 2021 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> Balaji Mohan said that he had finished writing of the second season and ensured that the series will progress soon.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akash |date=16 June 2018 |title=Director Balaji Mohan makes a massive announcement! |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/balaji-mohan-on-as-im-suffering-from-kadhal-season-2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221104944/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/balaji-mohan-on-as-im-suffering-from-kadhal-season-2.html |archive-date=21 February 2021 |access-date=17 February 2021 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
Sujatha Narayanan of ''[[Firstpost]]'' wrote "The story of As I'm Suffering From Kadhal is bold with a capital B – without harming value systems or taking sides or passing judgement."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Narayanan |first=Sujatha |date=21 June 2017 |title=As I'm Suffering From Kadhal Tamil Funnay and relatable Web Series |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/as-im-suffering-from-kadhal-this-urbane-tamil-web-series-is-bold-funny-and-relatable-3729879.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703222933/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/as-im-suffering-from-kadhal-this-urbane-tamil-web-series-is-bold-funny-and-relatable-3729879.html |archive-date=3 July 2017 |access-date=3 July 2017 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> Sruthi Raman of ''[[The Times of India]]'' assigned a score 3.5 (out of 5) and wrote "The show loses steam towards the end, culminating in a played-out revelation. But the characters seem to stay with us till the end."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raman |first=Sruthi |title=As I'm Suffering From Kadhal Season 1 Review: Four shades of love |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/tamil/as-im-suffering-from-kadhal/seasonreview/76197103.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221104946/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/tamil/as-im-suffering-from-kadhal/seasonreview/76197103.cms |archive-date=21 February 2021 |access-date=17 February 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Vikram Venkateshwaran of ''[[The Quint]]'' wrote "''As I’m Suffering From Kadhal'' is a refreshing rom-com that anyone living in a metro city can relate to. It comes with subtitles, so even if you don't speak Tamil or Telugu, you might enjoy it."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Venkateshwaran |first=Vikram |date=20 June 2017 |title=As I'm Suffering From Kadhal Series on Hotstar |url=https://www.thequint.com/movie-reviews/2017/06/20/as-im-suffering-from-kadhal-tamil-series-on-hotstar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813224735/https://www.thequint.com/movie-reviews/2017/06/20/as-im-suffering-from-kadhal-tamil-series-on-hotstar |archive-date=13 August 2017 |access-date=3 July 2017 |website=[[The Quint]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Balaji Mohan}}
[[Category:Tamil-language web series]]
{{Disney+ Hotstar Tamil original programming}}
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic comedy television series]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]

Mahinder Watsa

2025-09-25T02:24:42Z

Rkrakeshboro: General cleanup and content improvements

{{Short description|Indian sexologist (1924–2020)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mahinder Watsa
| image = 
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Mahinder C. Watsa
| birth_date = 11 February 1924
| birth_place = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India<ref name=sexguru/>
| death_date = 28 December 2020 (aged 96)
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| other_names =
| occupation = [[Sexologist]], [[sex columnist]] and [[sex educator]]
| known_for =
| spouse = Promila (deceased 2006)<ref name=sexguru/>
}}
'''Mahinder Watsa''' (11 February 1924<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/08/18/638958961/a-94-year-old-sexpert-gives-india-advice-on-you-know-what|title=A 94-Year-Old 'Sexpert' Gives India Advice on You Know What|website=NPR |date=18 August 2018 |last1=Pathak |first1=Sushmita }}</ref> – 28 December 2020) was an Indian [[sexologist]] known for his [[sex column]]s in newspapers and magazines. His contributions to promote [[sex education]] in India earned him the 2014 Dr. Ved Vyas Puri Award.<ref name=sexguru>{{cite news|title=Ask the Sexpert: The 90-year-old sex guru|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-28353027|accessdate=21 July 2014|work=[[BBC News]]|date=21 July 2014}}</ref><ref name=sexpert>{{cite news|author1=Lhendup G. Bhutia|title=An Appointment with the Sexpert|url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/living/an-appointment-with-the-sexpert|accessdate=21 July 2014|work=[[Open (Indian magazine)|OPEN]]}}</ref>

==Life and work==
Mahinder Watsa's father was a [[military physician]]. Watsa was [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]]. When he was around 7 years old, his family spent some time in [[Rangoon]].<ref name=sexguru/>

During his time at a medical college in Mumbai, Watsa stayed with friends of his family. Through them, he met his future wife, Promila. Despite coming from different backgrounds and castes (he was [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]], she was originally from [[Sindh]]), and going against a tradition of arranged marriages, the two wed after being friends for a number of years. The couple had a son and lived for a while in the 1950s in the [[United Kingdom]], during which time Watsa worked as a hospital [[residency (medicine)|houseman]] and [[Specialist registrar|registrar]]. The family returned to India after his father fell ill and Watsa found work in [[Glaxo]] as a medical officer, while simultaneously running a private practice as a [[gynecologist]] and [[obstetrician]].<ref name=sexguru/>

Watsa began a career as a columnist in the 1960s when, in his late 30s, he was asked to start writing a medical advice column for a women's magazine. He continued authoring health columns for several women's magazines, such as [[Femina (India)|Femina]], Flair, and Trend, into the 1970s until he encountered resistance from an editor who insisted upon censoring queries about sexual health. Watsa however maintained his writing through numerous alternative outlets including [[List of men's magazines|men's magazines]] (such as 'Fantasy') and, later, websites.<ref name=sexguru/><ref name=sexpert/><ref name=sex@90>{{cite news|last1=Pawar|first1=Yogesh|title=Mahinder Watsa: Talking sex @ 90|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mahinder-watsa-talking-sex-90-1997076|accessdate=21 July 2014|work=[[DNA India]]|date=22 June 2014}}</ref>

One of the readers of the Femina column had filed an obscenity lawsuit claiming that the publishers were fabricating the letters to increase readership. The editor, Sathya Saran, managed to convince the judge to drop the case by delivering a sack of unopened letters to him.<ref name=ellen_barry/>

Through his work as a columnist he became aware of the lack of [[sex education]] in India. In 1974, while working as a consultant for the [[Family Planning Association of India]] (FPAI), Watsa proposed that a sexual counselling and education program should be introduced. Despite oppositions, FPAI accepted his advice and started India's first sex education, counselling and therapy centre. In 1976, he organised India's first workshop on [[human sexuality]] and family life. The workshop was also addressed by [[Ashok Row Kavi]], a notable [[LGBT rights]] activist in India. In the early 1980s, Watsa left his practice to work full-time in counselling and education.<ref name=sexguru/>

===''Ask the Sexpert'' column===
In 2005, aged 80, Watsa began writing a column called ''Ask the Sexpert'' for the newspaper ''[[Mumbai Mirror]]'', which is noted for its witty replies to queries.<ref name=sexguru/> The newspaper has subsequently been threatened with lawsuits and accusations of obscenity.<ref name=sexguru/><ref name=ignorance>{{cite news|author1=Sean McLain|title=India's Sex Guru: The Problem is Ignorance|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2013/11/25/the-problems-indias-sex-guru-faces/|accessdate=21 July 2014|work=[[Wall Street Journal]]|date=25 November 2013}}</ref> Suchitra Dalvie, a gynaecologist, conducted a study by analysing more than 500 letters sent to the column. According to her, the study revealed a lack of sex education even among urban and relatively well-educated Indians.<ref name=sexguru/> In August 2014, his editor estimated that he had received more than 40,000 queries for the column.<ref name=ellen_barry>{{cite news|last1=Barry|first1=Ellen|title=90-Year-Old Sex Columnist Shatters Taboos in India|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/09/world/asia/mahinder-watsa-offers-sex-advice-to-indians.html|accessdate=10 November 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=8 August 2014}}</ref>

== Death ==
Watsa died in Mumbai on 28 December 2020, aged 96.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mumbai's famous sexpert Dr Mahinder Watsa passes away|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/mumbais-famous-sexpert-dr-mahinder-watsa-passes-away/articleshow/79985178.cms|access-date=2020-12-28|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en}}</ref>

==Awards==
* ''2014 Dr. Ved Vyas Puri Award'': On 17 June 2014, he was given this award by the [[Family Planning Association of India]] (FPAI) for his contributions to sex education in India.<ref name=sex@90/><ref>{{cite news|title=Bees, Birds, and Bananas|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/columns/mumbai-001/Bees-Birds-and-Bananas/articleshow/36728877.cms|accessdate=21 July 2014|work=[[Mumbai Mirror]]|date=18 June 2014}}</ref>

==Published papers==
*{{cite journal|last1=Watsa|first1=Mahinder C|title=Premarital sexual behaviour of urban educated youth in India|journal=Workshop on Sexual Aspects of AIDS/STD Prevention in India|date=1993|publisher=[[Tata Institute of Social Sciences]]|location=[[Bombay]]}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Watsa|first1=M. C.|title=Sexual Health Services for Young People|journal=Journal of Family Welfare|url=http://medind.nic.in/jah/t04/s1/jaht04s1p36g.pdf|date=2005|volume=50|issue=I|page=36|publisher=[[Family Planning Association of India]]}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*{{cite journal|author1=M. C. Watsa|author2=Amita Dhanu|title=Three decades of meeting sexual and reproductive health needs of young people.|url=http://medind.nic.in/jah/t04/s1/jaht04s1p83g.pdf|journal=Journal of Family Welfare|date=2013|volume=50|pages=83–88}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite news|title=Ask the Sexpert: The 90-year-old sex guru|author=Vibeke Venema|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-28353027|work=[[BBC News]]|date=21 July 2014}}
* {{cite news|title=What the sex doctor orders|url=http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/what-the-sex-doctor-orders-20130227-2f64a.html|author=Amrit Dhillon|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=28 February 2013}}
* {{cite news|last1=Wasta|first1=Mahinder|title=Ask the Sexpert (Archives)|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/ask-the-sexpert/articlelist/12439005.cms|work=[[Mumbai Mirror]]}}
* {{cite news|last1=Barry|first1=Ellen|title=90-Year-Old Sex Columnist Shatters Taboos in India|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/09/world/asia/mahinder-watsa-offers-sex-advice-to-indians.html|date=8 August 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]}}
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6659414/ ''Ask the Sexpert'' (2017)] - [[IMDb]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Watsa, Mahinder}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Indian columnists]]
[[Category:Indian gynaecologists]]
[[Category:Indian health professionals]]
[[Category:Sexologists]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Sex columnists]]
[[Category:Sex educators]]
[[Category:Writers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]

Anindya Bose

2025-08-26T15:51:32Z

Rkrakeshboro: Made!

{{Short description|Indian Bengali singer composer lyricist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2012}}

'''Anindya Bose''' is a [[Bengali people|Bengali]] singer composer lyricist. He is one of the popular Bengali singer based out of [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ebela.in/entertainment/ebela-website-sunday-chat-session-with-singer-screenwriter-anindya-bose-and-samarpita-dgtl-1.582578|title=রবিবারের আড্ডায় অনিন্দ্য বোসের বাড়িতে এবেলা ওয়েবসাইট, দেখুন ভিডিও|last=এবেলা.ইন|first=শাঁওলি|work=ebela.in|access-date=18 February 2018}}</ref> He is also famous as a music composer and a scriptwriter of Bengali films.<ref name="reshmi" /> Anindya Bose is also an activist who took part in different social activity. He was one of the major face of [[Hokkolorob|#hokkolorob]].

== Parash Pathar ==
After Auyon Banerjee came along and joined Jadavpur University, in his first year, the scenario changed. Anindyo was a known face in the campus owing to his 6years being a student and stage performances wherein he sang popular songs of Kishore Kumar. Auyon's width of spectrum in listening varied from Salil Choudhury, [[Sudhin Dasgupta]], Hemanta, Biswas, Jasimuddin and a lot of songs for the mass. Auyon hailed from St. Xavier's Collegiate School, where, he fell in love with The Beatles, Dylan, Simon and Garfunkel, U2, PinkFloyd, Deep purple, Jethro Tull alongside all the Legendary greats of Rock. It was Auyon's drive to form a band who would only compose original numbers in Bengali played in a backdrop of Rock arrangements. He approached, Kingshuk Chakraborty (Piqloo), a natural percussionist, and Anindyo Bose. That was a half-formed band. St. Xavier's provided the rest. Anirban Sengupta (potla), Promit (keys), Doi (bass) and Amartya Bobo Rauth (guitars) joined in. They had an act called Prakriti where they performed cover versions of classic rock songs. They went on to win the Wildfire, the rock band competition at Springfest IIT KGP. This combo was the first Parashpathar line up. It was here where Bangla rock music got its first new sound. the Bangla Band movement thus began.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/Parash-Pathar-of-Priyo-Bondhu-fame-return-to-sing/articleshow/45309095.cms|title=Parash Pathar, of Priyo Bondhu fame, return to sing|work=The Times of India|access-date=18 February 2018}}</ref> He was one of the two singers and both Auyon and him wrote and composed most of the songs. Songs such as ''Bhalobasa mane archies Gallery'', ''Bondhu'', ''Sujon'' and ''Ek Jhank Ichhe Dana''Padma', 'Prohori','Megher Bou' were great hits. The permanent members of the band were [[Raja Narayan Deb-keys]], [[Samidh Mukerjee-Bass]], Rishi Chanda-guitars, Humtoo the flautist, Sanjoy on drums. It was the most popular form of music in Bengal. A "phenomenon"as many recalled. The fire caught on in a snap. Young boys and girls took to guitar and composing their own songs. Many a youth identified with parashpathar. It was viral. New songs, songwriters, musicians emerged. Good new compositions filled up the air all around. Anindyo, unfortunately, did not get to taste this wave of passion for something all these talented musicians would die for. It was a turn, turn, turn. The musicscape of Bengal underwent a change for the better. A revolution was brewing. [[Rock music of West Bengal|rock band of West Bengal.]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/19990906-bengal-rocks-as-bands-create-new-genre-of-music-bangla-rock-824270-1999-09-06|title=Bengal rocks as bands create new genre of music – Bangla Rock|date=6 September 1999|website=India Today|access-date=18 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/bangla146s-hungry-stones/209947|title=Bangla's Hungry Stones|work=outlookindia.com/|access-date=18 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1090423/jsp/calcutta/story_10862614.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218210726/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1090423/jsp/calcutta/story_10862614.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 February 2018|newspaper=The Telegraph | date=23 April 2009 | location=Calcutta (Kolkata) | title=After Floyd, Paraspathar| first=Chandreyee | last=Chatterjee | access-date=14 June 2018}}</ref>

=== Present ===
After leaving the band due to disagreement on the equal payment for all issues, he formed a shadow, another band [[Bangla band]] called "Shahar" in 1998. He is the lead vocalist of the band. The other notable members of the band was Debasish Roy (Debu), Kishore Goswami and Tirthankar Bannerjee. His shows included around 70% of his songs and 30% of parashpathar majorly written, composed and sung by him.

He is also famous as a music composer and a screenwriter<ref name=reshmi>{{cite news|last=Sengupta|first=Reshmi|title=Three men, many lives|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050909/asp/calcutta/story_5213694.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060321011736/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050909/asp/calcutta/story_5213694.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 March 2006|accessdate=18 March 2012|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=9 September 2005}}</ref> of Bengali films. His list of films includes "[[Hawa Bodol|''Hawa bodol'']]",<ref>{{Citation|last=Chatterjee|first=Parambrata|title=Hawa Bodol|date=22 March 2013|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2580150/|others=Rudranil Ghosh, Parambrata Chatterjee, Kaushik Ganguly|accessdate=18 February 2018}}</ref> "''[[Teen Yaari Katha]]''",<ref>{{Citation|last=Guha|first=Abhijit|title=Teen Yaari Katha|date=4 May 2012|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4192240/|last2=Roy|first2=Sudeshna|others=Sujan Mukherjee, Rudranil Ghosh, Parambrata Chatterjee|accessdate=18 February 2018}}</ref> "''[[Chirodini Tumi Je Amar 2]]''"<ref>{{Citation|last=Chatterjee|first=Soumik|title=Chirodini Tumi Je Amar 2|date=11 April 2014|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3579644/|others=Arjun Chakraborty, Urmila Mahanta, Bihu Mukherjee|accessdate=18 February 2018}}</ref> etc. . He is currently directing his first film.<ref name=sen>{{cite news|last=Sen|first=Zinia|title=Now, Anindya turns director|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-25/news-interviews/30319932_1_films-music-songs|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103134024/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-25/news-interviews/30319932_1_films-music-songs|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2013|accessdate=18 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=25 October 2011}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180126225418/http://www.shaharanindya.com/anindya.html Official Site]
* ''[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4984906/?ref_=tt_ov_wr Anindya Bose]'' on [[IMDb]]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bose, Anindya}}
[[Category:Bengali singers]]
[[Category:Indian male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Singers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

National Youth Festival (India)

2025-07-21T05:16:15Z

Rkrakeshboro: Starting A Article

{{Short description|Annual youth gathering in January}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{promotional|date=November 2016}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2011}}
}}
[[File:Swamiji at BRKM.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Celebration of Swami Vivekananda's 156th birthday at [[Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School|Baranagar Ramakrishna Mission]] in [[West Bengal]], [[India]] on 12 January 2019]]
The '''National Youth Festival''' in [[India]] is an annual gathering of youth with various competitive and collaborative activities. Celebrated to commemorate the birth anniversary of youth icon [[Swami Vivekananda]], it is organized by [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]], Government of India in collaboration with one of the state governments. It is held in a different state each year during National Youth Week, 12–16 January every year.<ref name=yf>{{cite web | title =National Youth Festival | publisher =Department of Youth Affairs | url =http://yas.nic.in/en/yas1/national-youth-festival | accessdate =2014-08-13 | url-status =dead | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20140814160035/http://yas.nic.in/en/yas1/national-youth-festival | archivedate =2014-08-14 }}</ref>

==Background==
[[Swami Vivekananda]]'s birthday on January 12 is always celebrated as [[National Youth Day (India)|National Youth Day]] and the week commencing from that day is known as the National Youth Week. As part of National Youth Week celebrations, the Government of India holds the National Youth Festival every year. This is an event of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India and is celebrated annually in one of the States in a joint venture. The youth festival aims to propagate the concept of national integration, spirit of communal harmony, brotherhood, courage and adventure by exhibiting their cultural prowess in a common platform.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nyf2012.in/nyf/index.php/joomla/history-of-nyf |title=History of NYF |access-date=2012-01-17 |archive-date=2012-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115065203/http://www.nyf2012.in/nyf/index.php/joomla/history-of-nyf |url-status=dead }}</ref> This is done by organizing gatherings of youth across the country and encouraging them to take part in different activities.[[National Youth Day (India)]]

Competitive events are a main part of the festival. To compete at the national level, contestants outperform the rest, obtaining medals and awards. To conduct these competitions, eighteen in all disciplines, a team of officers was deployed that managed the competitions, helped in creating logistical arrangements for smooth conduct of competitions, and collected and collated the results.

The activities held during the festival include competitive and non-competitive cultural events, martial arts, exhibitions, intellectual discourses, young artists camps, seminars and adventure Programmes. The presentation of National Youth Awards also takes place.

==Objective==
The National Youth Festival began in 1995 as a major activity under the Programme of National Integration Camp (NIC). In collaboration with one of the States and institutions like Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS) and the [[National Service Scheme|National Service Scheme (NSS)]], the Government of India conducts this Programme every year. Like the National Youth Festival, States are also encouraged to hold state level, district level and block level youth festivals in the same format as that of the National Youth Festival. The Centre of the festival focuses on cultural aspects and a number of other Programmes covering a wide variety of activities, which not only reflect the spirit of friendship but also peace and development. Besides all this, this festival provides a nationwide exposure to the youth for the expression and fulfillment of their cultural talents and aspirations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nyf2012.in/nyf/index.php/schedule/date-wise/14-sample-data-articles/129 |title=FAQ |accessdate=2012-01-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120906060143/http://www.nyf2012.in/nyf/index.php/schedule/date-wise/14-sample-data-articles/129 |archivedate=2012-09-06}}</ref>

==2010==
[[Orissa, India|Orissa]] hosted for the first time the 15th National Youth Festival in [[Bhubaneswar]] from 8 to 12 January 2010.This was the 15th year in which Orissa State celebrated this event. This was celebrated in collaboration with the Government of India under with various state and national groups like NSS etc.<ref>{{cite web |last1=admin |first1=Bittu |title=National Youth Day 2024 , Theme, History, Significance : राष्ट्रीय युवा दिवस 2024 की थीम क्या है ? |url=https://gyaniweb.com/national-youth-day-swami-vivekananda/ |website=gyaniweb |publisher=gyaniweb |access-date=12 January 2024 |date=12 January 2024}}</ref>

===Program Venues===
The participants from across the country were around 6,000 coming from all states and union territories.
* For cultural activities - 100 per state/ UT
* For the exhibition to showcase each State products - 40 per state/ UT
* For the young artist camp (artistic work and painting) - 10 per state /UT
* National youth awardees – 30
* Judges for conduct of events - 60
* Suvichar (seminar) /intellectual invitees - 100
* Event conducting officials – 500
* VIPs and celebrities, including secretaries and directors of different states
*Folk dances
*Classical dances
*One act play
*Classical vocal solo
*Folk song
*Classical instrumental solo

====Non-competitive====

*Folk dance
*elocution
*Hasya Kavi Samillani show omg
*Rock show
*Special cultural evening
*Martial Arts

====Other events====

*Yuva Kirtti
*Food festival
*Youth convention
*Suvichar
*Young artist camp
*Adventure sports

===Logo/Mascot/Theme of the festival===
The Logo/Mascot and Theme were approved on 30 November 2009 at the National Steering Committee Meeting for NYF-2010 held in [[New Delhi]] with Hon’ble Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports, Mr [[MS Gill]] and Hon’ble Chief Minister, [[Naveen Patnaik|Mr Naveen Patnaik]], Orissa, Government of India.

====Logo====
The logo of the festival depicts six active and stylised youth, portraying the “unity in diversity” of India. It uses various colour shades to suggest the multi-hued cultural facet of India and symbolizes the theme ‘Celebrating Diversity’.

====Mascot====
Gori, India's 34-year-old rare white crocodile has been chosen as the mascot for the festival. India's this lone captive albino crocodile Gori, bred and reared in a pen within [[Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary]] in [[Kendrapara]], had become a sort of cynosure for wildlife experts and is widely admired for its ivory white complexion.

====Theme====
“Celebrating Diversity” was accepted as the theme of the festival.

===Ceremonies===

====Inaugural ceremony====
The opening ceremony of the 15th National Youth Festival in Bhubaneswar was attended by Hon’ble Union Minister for Youth Affairs and Sports, Hon’ble Union Minister of State for Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India in presence of Hon’ble Chief Minister, Orissa and Hon’ble Minister, Sports, YS and Revenue, and other Hon’ble Ministers of Orissa at [[Kalinga Stadium]] sports complex on 8th Jan-2010 at 3 PM. More than five thousand police officers and hundreds of state government officials had been deployed. [[Indian Air Force|An Indian Air Force]] helicopter showering flower petals and carrying the logo of the event followed by [[Akash Ganga]] formation over the main festival venue took place. The event also included a dare devil display by the Indian Army, a cultural march past, a fusion dance of [[Odissi]]/ [[Gotipua]] / Ranappa, Ghumra dance, a crocodile dance and a laser show. Young artists from across the country performed diverse forms of classical and folk dances on the opening day of the Youth Festival.

====Closing ceremony====
The event ended on the evening of January 12 after the National Anthem and fireworks. The closing ceremony started after the [[Surya Kiran]] Show by the Indian Air Force and a cultural display by the Event Management. The ceremony was marked by an aerobatic show by the Indian Air Force, Chhau Dance, a Malkhamba presentation, Beating the Retreat by the Ceremonial Band of the Indian Navy, a dance show by Prince Dance Group and fireworks. The aerobatic show by the IAF personnel was viewed by a crowd of over 50,000 people in the stadium. The sky divers drifted down from a height of thousands of feet to land in the middle of the stadium. A march past by the state contingents Hum Yuba was followed by an address by the Minister of State Sports and Youth Services, Praveen Chandra Bhanj Deo. There followed an address by the celebrity guest Vijendra Singh, a bronze medallist in boxing at the [[2008 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games in Beijing 2008]] and then an address by the Union Minister of State Youth Affairs and Sports [[Pratik Prakashbapu Patil]]. The Chief Minister [[Naveen Patnaik]] released a souvenir and distributed the prizes and medals to the winners of the various competitions held during the past five days. He said that the festival demonstrated India's unity in diversity. The Commissioner cum Secretary, Sports and Youth Services P.K. Mohapatra proposed the vote of thanks and the Chief Minister announced the close of 15th National Youth Festival 2010. Finally, a ceremonial band of the [[Indian Navy]] performed 'Beating the Retreat'.

==2011==
The 16th National Youth Festival was held in [[Udaipur|Udaipur, Rajasthan]]. Udaipur hosted the expected 5000 participants from all 35 states and union territories. Apart from the young enthusiasts and many government officials, the City of Lakes, for the first time in any NYF, was graced by the presence of foreign delegations from ASEAN and SAARC. The event, with the theme 'Sabse Pehle Bharat', comprised competitive cultural events including folk & classical dances, one act plays, and numerous non-competitive events.

===Events===
The events aimed at inculcating qualities and attributes like teamwork and leadership among the participants.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nyf2011.com/nyf_events.htm |title=NYF 2011: Events |access-date=2012-01-17 |archive-date=2012-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101011219/http://nyf2011.com/nyf_events.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The various performances and competitive events were

:'''Classical Dances:'''
::*Bharat Natyam
::*Kathak
::*Kuchipudi
::*Manipuri
::*Odissi

:'''Classical Instrumental Solos:'''
::*Flute
::*Guitar
::*Mridangam
::*Sitar
::*Tabla
::*Veena

:'''Other Events:'''
::*Folk Dance
::*Folk Song
::*One-Act Play
::*Hindustani Vocal Solo
::*Carnatic Vocal Solo
::*Harmonium (Light)
::*Elocution (Extempore)
::*Painting
::*Sculpture
::*Photography

===Logo===
The logo illustrates the initials of the festival name as a graphical pneumonic with abundant usage of vibrant colours along with Rajasthani motifs exhibiting the cultural touch associated with the event. The 'n' 'y' 'f' formed in the logo carried the advantage of registering a graphical recognition for the festival with a high recall value conveying its significance amongst the people.

===Mascot===
The chosen mascot for the NYF 2011 conveyed all the attributes associated with the annual occasion celebrated. Named as Teengur, the mascot was a fun-loving & an enthusiastic tiger wearing a Rajasthani [[Pagri (turban)|'pagri']].

==2012==
The 17th National Youth Festival was held in [[Mangalore|Mangalore, Karnataka]]. Mangalore hosted the expected 5000 participants from all 35 states and union territories of India. The event, with the theme "Celebrating Diversity In Unity", comprised competitive cultural events including folk & classical dances, one act plays, and numerous non-competitive events.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nyf2012.in/nyf/index.php/joomla/nyf |title=About NYF |access-date=2012-01-17 |archive-date=2012-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110063252/http://www.nyf2012.in/nyf/index.php/joomla/nyf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Mascot===
Yakshi was the mascot for the 17th National Youth Festival 2012 being held from January 12 to 16 in Mangalore. Yakshi is an elephant, the heritage animal of India, adorned with the traditional Mangalorean [[Yakshagana]] headgear.

===Events===
The events aimed at inculcating qualities and attributes like teamwork and leadership among the participants.2222015<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nyf2012.in/nyf/index.php/joomla/programs |title=Programs |access-date=2012-01-17 |archive-date=2012-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111144711/http://www.nyf2012.in/nyf/index.php/joomla/programs |url-status=dead }}</ref> The various performances and competitive events were

:'''Classical Dances:'''
::*[[Bharata Natyam|Bharat Natyam]]
::*[[Kathak]]
::*[[Kuchipudi]]
::*[[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]]
::*[[Odissi]]

:'''Classical Instrumental Solos:'''
::*Flute
::*Guitar
::*[[Mridangam]]
::*[[Sitar]]
::*[[Tabla]]
::*[[Veena]]

:'''Other Events:'''
::*Folk Dance
::*Folk Song
::*One-Act Play
::*[[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]] Vocal Solo
::*[[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] Vocal Solo
::*Harmonium (Light)
::*Elocution (Extempore)
::*Painting
::*Sculpture
::*Photography
::*Adventure Events
::*Yuva Kriti
::*Food Festival
::*Suvichar - Youth Convention

===Venues===
The venues for the various events included:[[File:Town Hall 014.jpg|thumb|right|Town Hall, Mangalore]]

:*TMA Pai Conventional Hall, [[Kodialbail]]
:*Town Hall, [[Hampankatta]]
:*Gokarnanatheshwara Hall, Kudroli
:*Koragappa Kalyana Mantap, Kudroli
:*Devadiga Bhavan, Mannagudda
:*SDM Law College, Kodialbail
:*Loyala Hall, [[St. Aloysius College (Mangalore)|St. Aloysius College]]
:* [[Mangala Stadium]]

==2013==
Bihar is hosting National Youth Festival, second time in seven years, in January 2013. The five-day festival will be held from January 12 to 16 in Patna. The first festival was held here in 2006 soon after the Nitish Kumar led government took over.

==2016==
The 20th National Youth Festival was held in the state of Chhattisgarh. It took place in the city named "Naya Raipur".

The theme for the National Youth Festival 2016 was 'India Youth for Skill, Development and Harmony'
Over 6000 participants from across the country participated in the National Youth Festival 2016
For the first time in the youth festival, para-trooping was displayed by Indian Army, while weapons and explosives used during war were put on exhibition.

== 2017 ==
The National Youth Festival 2017 is organized by the [[Government of Haryana]] in collaboration with the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India. The theme for the current festival is 'Youth for Digital India'. The festival will be attended by over 10000 youth from across the country. The event will be kickstarted with a grand opening ceremony with a theme song and live address. There will be cultural performances by youth representing each state and UT. There will be special events to celebrate the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda, who has been a great source of inspiration for the youth of the nation. The festival will also host a 'National youth convention' to connect and inspire with motivational and inspirational talks by select youth icons and youth achievers. There will be celebrity performances and acts highlighting the rich culture and heritage of the Haryana state

==2018==
Jaipur and kooda

==2019/2020==
Lucknow

Yogi adityanath was the chief guest at the opening ceremony of the program.

==2023==
The 26th National Youth Festival was held in [[Dharwad]], [[Karnataka]]. Dharwad hosted the fest and had 8000 delegates from all over the country and union territories of India. The theme of the event was ''Viksit Yuva – Viksit Bharat''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-11 |title=Stage set for grand opening of 26th National Youth Festival |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/stage-set-for-grand-opening-of-26th-national-youth-festival/article66365371.ece |access-date=2023-01-13 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

===Mascot===
Champi Chikka was the mascot for the 26th national Youth Festival. It was described as "The Mascot is energetic image of Champi Chikka, which translates to Young Champion. It represents the image of a young and modern India championing various global causes such as Climate Change, SDGs and Global Peace. It also showcases Indias youth champions excelling at various sectors such as Start-ups, Sports, Innovation and Education.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2023-01-08 |title=National Youth Festival, Dharwad: Complete details |url=https://hubballidharwadinfra.com/national-youth-festival-hubballi-dharwad-complete-details/ |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=Hubballi Infra |language=en-US}}</ref> The national flower, lotus, was the official logo for the event selected through a competition.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-07 |title=Logo and mascot of National Youth Festival in Hubballi released |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/logo-and-mascot-of-national-youth-festival-in-hubballi-released/article66349745.ece |access-date=2023-01-13 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

===Events===
[[File:MJ 5 dance group performing at KDC College Dharwad.jpg|thumb|[[Dance Champions#Contestants|MJ5]] dance group performing at KCD Dharwad during 26th NYF]]
The events included
:'''Classical Dances:'''
::*[[Bharata Natyam|Bharat Natyam]]
::*[[Kathak]]
::*[[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]]
::*[[Odissi]]
::*[[Ojapali]]

:'''Classical Instrumental Solos:'''
::*Flute
::*Guitar
::*[[Sitar]]
::*[[Tabla]]
::*[[Veena]]

:'''Other Events:'''
::*[[Cello]]
::*Folk Dance
::*Folk Song
::*[[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]]
::*[[Carnatic music|Carnatic]]
::*Harmonium (Light)
::*Laser show
::*Painting
::*Sculpture
::*Adventure Events
::*Yuva Kriti
::*Food Festival
<gallery>
Indigenous sports by Manipur Youths, 26th National Youth Festival 2023, Hubli-Dharwad, Karnataka, India.jpg|Indigenous sports
Indigenous sports by Manipur Youths, 26th National Youth Festival 2023, Hubli-Dharwad, Karnataka, India 1.jpg|Indigenous sports
26th National Youth Festival 2023, Hubli-Dharwad, Karnataka, India 1.jpg|Kolthari
26th National Youth Festival 2023, Hubli-Dharwad, Karnataka, India 1.jpg|Kolthari

</gallery>

===Venues===
[[File:KCD college front view.jpg|thumb|Karnatak College (KCD) primary venue of NYF 2023]]
[[Karnatak College Dharwar|Karnatak College (KCD)]], [[Karnatak University]], and [[University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad|University of Agricultural Sciences]] were the prime venues for the event. Karnatak College (KCD) had most of the events hosted, with 50 food stalls and mega kitchen for the 8000 delegates participating from all over the country.
[[File:R N Shetty Stadium Belagavi.jpg|thumb|R N Shetty Stadium Dharawada]]
Locations include :
*Srujina Ranga Mandira
*KCD ground
*KCD Football Ground
*Agriculture University AC Hall 1
*[[RN Shetty Stadium|R N Shetty Stadium]]
*Kelageri Lake Dharwad
*KUD green garden<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Youth Festival 2023 official website |url=https://nationalyouthfestival2023.com/}}</ref>

==References==
Discriminated at National Youth Festival, NE states file complaint {{Reflist}} http://kanglaonline.com/2018/01/discrimination-of-north-east-participants-in-the-national-youth-festival/

==External links==
{{Commons category|National Youth Festival}}
* [http://www.karunadu.gov.in/dyss/Pages/home.aspx/ Department of Youth Services and Sports, Karnataka State Govt.]
* [http://yas.nic.in/index.asp?layid=1/ Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, Govt. of India]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Children's festivals in India]]
[[Category:Festivals established in 1995]]
[[Category:Youth in India]]
[[Category:Swami Vivekananda]]
[[Category:Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]]
[[Category:Government schemes in India]]
[[Category:1995 establishments in India]]

Dharmarakshak Mahaveer Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj: Part 1

2025-07-18T15:38:54Z

Rkrakeshboro: New

#REDIRECT [[Dharmarakshak Mahaveer Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj]]

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Nikii Daas

2025-03-23T01:58:49Z

Rkrakeshboro: Added

{{short description|Indian model, actress and beauty queen|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{BLP sources|date=July 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nikii Daas
| image =
| image_size =
| alt = Nikii Daas
| birth_name = Nikii Daas
| birth_place = Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|08|7|df=yes}}
| occupation = Film actor Model
}}
'''Nikii Daas''' (born 7 August 1988) is an Indian [[model (person)|model]], actress and [[beauty queen]]. She won the Gladrags beauty pageant and later received the title of "Miss Charming" while representing India at the international pageant Best Model of the World in Turkey. Daas started modelling professionally soon after that. Daas has appeared in campaigns for brands such as Spykar Jeans, [[Dolce & Gabbana]], Globus, Donear suitings, Bombay Dyeing, Mag Wheels, [[Toyota Innova]] Car with [[Aamir Khan]], Gold Souk (Dubai) – Mikura Pearls, and Paaneri Sarees. She has walked the ramp for designers such as Satya Paul, Raymonds, Shakir Shaikh, [[Marc Robinson]], [[Prasad Bidapa]], Elric D'souza, Lubna Adams, and [[Viveka Babajee]]. She was featured in the [[Kingfisher Calendar]].{{when|date=September 2014}} She made her acting debut in the 2013 Kannada film ''[[Mandahasa]]''.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Twitter|nikii_daas|Nikii Daas}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daas, Nikii}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Female models from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]

Muhyi al-Din Lari

2025-03-14T20:55:19Z

Rkrakeshboro: Starting New Post

{{Short description|16th century author and miniaturist}}
'''{{transliteration|ar|Muḥyi al-Dīn Lārī|italics=no}}''' ({{langx|ar|محي الدين لاري}}), died 1521 or 1526–7, was a 16th-century [[Persian miniature|miniaturist]] and writer, best known for his ''Kitab Futūḥ al-Ḥaramayn'', a guidebook to the Islamic holy cities of [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]].

==Life and works==
[[File:Khalili Collection Hajj and Arts of Pilgrimage mss 1038 fol 19b-20a.jpg|thumb|Depiction of the [[Masjid al-Haram]] (Sacred Mosque) and [[Kaaba]] in a manuscript of the ''Futūh al-Haramayn'', 1582 (Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage)]]
Little is known about Lari's early life and career. He is thought to be of either Persian{{sfn|Mois|Buitelaar|2015|p=104}} or Indian{{sfn|Sardar|2014|p=194}} origin. ''Lari'' might suggest he was from [[Lar, Iran|Lar]], a town south-east of [[Shiraz]]. He was a student of [[Jalal al-Din Davani]],{{sfn|Pourjavady|2011|p=16}}{{sfn|Berthels|2012}} a noted Persian scholar who wrote the first treatise on the poet [[Hafez]]'s works,{{sfn|Pourjavady|2011|p=7}} and who is known to have visited Lar.{{sfn|Pourjavady|2011|p=13}}

Lari's [[Futuh al-Haramayn|''Kitab Futūḥ al-Ḥaramayn'' (''Revelations of the Two Holy Sanctuaries'')]], written in Persian, is dedicated to [[Muzaffar Shah II|Muzaffar al-Din ibn Mahmud Shah]], who ruled [[Gujarat]] from 1511 to 1526.{{sfn|Mois|Buitelaar|2015|p=104}} It is a guidebook for the [[Hajj]] pilgrimage. The manuscript comprises 45 leaves with writing in two columns of ''[[Naskh (script)|naskh]]'' script and eighteen illuminated (but stylised, rather than accurate) illustrations, including holy sites in [[Medina]], scenes between Medina and Mecca, and the various stages of the Hajj in Mecca.{{sfn|Bonhams|2016}}{{sfn|Porter|2012|p=54}} The illuminations are with ink, opaque watercolour and gold on paper.{{sfn|Ekhtiar|Moore|2012|p=32}} It contains a detailed depictions of the [[Kaaba]], indicating the areas assigned for the worship of the various sects of Islam, the named entrance doors to the sanctum, minarets, and two rows of colonnades. While traditionally pilgrim manuals desisted from human depictions, preferring to illustrate landscapes and holy sites only, Lari's miniatures are an exception, with rendered people appearing in some of them.{{sfn|Mois|Buitelaar|2015|p=198}} Lari's mystical verse, meanwhile, describes the ceremonies of the Hajj and their essence.{{sfn|Mois|Buitelaar|2015|p=104}}

Lari's attention to architectural detail, use of the colour palette and expert draughtsmanship have been lauded.{{sfn|Esin|1987|p=64}} His painting of Mecca's [[Masjid al-Haram|Sacred Mosque]] became a widely reproduced image for several centuries.{{sfn|Sardar|2014|p=194}} His miniatures showing [[Mount Arafat]] as well as ''[[mahmal]]s'' were re-crafted into Hajj certificates that were in use even in the 18th century.{{sfn|Mois|Buitelaar|2015|p=200}}

At least twelve manuscripts have survived to date. All of them contain illustrations of the various stages of the Hajj, with each station labelled. Several of the manuscripts are known from their [[Colophon (publishing)|colophons]] to have been produced in Mecca.{{sfn|Mois|Buitelaar|2015|p=104}} Pages from some copies have appeared at various auctions.{{sfn|Christie's|2014}}{{sfn|Christie's|2016}}{{sfn|Bonhams|2016}} The earliest copy now extant is a copy made in Mecca in 1544; it now resides in the [[British Library]].{{sfn|Christie's|2014}} The [[Khalili Collections|Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage]] has exemplars from 16th century Mecca and 18th or early 19th century India.{{sfn|Khalili|1308}}{{sfn|Khalili|1274}} Lari's original document has been copied and re-illustrated over the centuries, and editions have been found in Turkey, Persia and India. The later versions often have misspellings and inconsistencies, either because the scribe was unskilled or because Lari's ornate language was difficult.{{sfn|Milstein|2006|p=167}}

Inspired by his teacher's example, Lari wrote a commentary on [[Ibn al-Farid|ibn al-Fārid]]'s ''Kasida'', called ''al-Taiyya al-kubra''. In this, he attempted to show the coherence between orthodox Islamic mysticism and Aristotelian thought.{{sfn|Berthels|2012}}

Lari is thought to have died either in 1521{{sfn|Pourjavady|2011|p=16}} or 1526-7.{{sfn|Berthels|2012}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
===Books and journals===
* {{cite encyclopedia|article=Muḥyi ’l-Dīn Lārī|author1-last=Berthels|author1-first=E.|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|edition=2|year=2012|url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/muhyi-l-din-lari-SIM_5440?s.num=3&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=lari|editor1-first=P.|editor1-last= Bearman|editor2-first=Th.|editor2-last=Bianquis |editor3-first=C.E.|editor3-last=Bosworth |editor4-first=E.|editor4-last=van Donzel|editor5-first=W.P.|editor5-last= Heinrichs|access-date=18 May 2017|isbn=9789004161214}}
* {{cite book|last=Esin|first=Atıl|title=The Age of Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sNifAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=National Gallery of Art|isbn=978-0-8109-1855-9}}
* {{cite book|title=Art of the Islamic World – A Resource for Educators|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|year=2012|editor1-first=Maryam D.|editor1-last=Ekhtiar|editor2-first=Claire|editor2-last=Moore|isbn=978-1-58839-482-8}}
* {{cite journal|title=Mapping the sacred in Sixteenth Century Illustrated Manuscripts of Futuh al-Haramayn|year=2006|journal=Mamluks and Ottomans: Studies in Honour of Michael Winter|editor1-first=David J.|editor1-last=Wasserstein|editor2-first=Ami|editor2-last=Ayalon|publisher=Routledge|author1-last=Milstein|author1-first=Rachel}}
* {{cite book|last1=Mois|first1=Luitgard|last2=Buitelaar|first2=Marjo|title=Hajj: Global Interactions through Pilgrimage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LGTTBgAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Sidestone Press|isbn=978-90-8890-285-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Porter|first=Venetia |title=The Art of Hajj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cVn7twAACAAJ|year=2012|publisher=Interlink Books|isbn=978-1-56656-884-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Pourjavady|first=Reza |title=Philosophy in Early Safavid Iran: Najm Al-Din Mahmud Al-Nayrizi and His Writings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VGvO3jpy-YcC|year=2011|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-19173-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Sardar|first=Ziauddin|authorlink = Ziauddin Sardar|title=Mecca – The Sacred City|url=https://archive.org/details/meccasacredcity0000sard|url-access=registration|isbn=978-1408809204|publisher=Bloomsbury|year=2014}}

===Websites===
* {{cite web|url=https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/23436/lot/31/?category=results&length=90&page=1|title=Muhyi Al-Din Lari: Kitab Futuh Al-Haramayn|date=19 April 2016|publisher=[[Bonhams]] |ref={{sfnref|Bonhams|2016}} }}
* {{Cite web|title=17th century depiction of the Holy Shrine of Mecca, OR 343|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/futuh-al-haramayn|access-date=2020-12-03|website=The British Library|ref={{harvid|BL|343}}}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/books-manuscripts/muhyi-al-din-lari-kitab-futuh-al-haramayn-5825868-details.aspx|title=Muhyi Al-Din Lari: Kitab Futuh Al-Haramayn and Other Texts|date=9 October 2014|publisher=[[Christie's]] |ref={{sfnref|Christie's|2014}} }}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/Lot/muhyi-al-din-lari-d-1526-7-ad-kitab-5985602-details.aspx|title=Muhyi Al-Din Lari: Kitab Futuh Al-Haramayn|date=18 April 2016|publisher=Christie's |ref={{sfnref|Christie's|2016}} }}
* {{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Futuh al-Haramayn (a Handbook for Pilgrims to Mecca and Medina) of Muhyi al-Din Lari, MSS 1274|url=https://www.khalilicollections.org/collections/hajj-and-the-arts-of-pilgrimage/futuh-al-haramayn-a-handbook-for-pilgrims-to-mecca-and-medina-of-muhyi-al-din-lari-mss-1274/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-03|website=Khalili Collections|language=en-US|ref={{harvid|Khalili|1274}}}}
* {{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Futuh al-Haramayn (a Handbook for Pilgrims to Mecca and Medina) of Muhyi Lari, MSS 1308|url=https://www.khalilicollections.org/collections/hajj-and-the-arts-of-pilgrimage/khalili-collection-islamic-art-futuh-al-haramayn-of-muhyi-lari-mss1038/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-03|website=Khalili Collections|language=en-US|ref={{harvid|Khalili|1308}}}}
* {{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Futuh al-Haramain (Description of the Holy Cities), 32.131|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/448692|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-03|website=Metropolitan Museum|location=New York|ref={{harvid|MetMuseum 32.131}}}}
* {{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Futuh al-Haramayn (Description of the Holy Cities), 2008.251|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/456342|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-03|website=Metropolitan Museum|location=New York|ref={{harvid|MetMuseum 2008.251}}}}
* {{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Futuh al-Haramayn (Description of the Holy Cities), 2009.343|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/456969|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-03|website=Metropolitan Museum|location=New York|ref={{harvid|MetMuseum 2009.343}}}}

{{commons-cat-inline}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lari, Muhi Al-Din}}

[[Category:16th-century painters]]
[[Category:1526 deaths]]
[[Category:16th-century Persian-language writers]]

Tatrakshak Medal

2025-02-03T21:51:46Z

Rkrakeshboro: Refined content and updated sections

{{More citations needed|date=August 2023}}{{Infobox award
| name = Tatrakshak Medal
| image = Tatrakshak Medal.jpg
| alt =
| caption = The President's Tatrakshak Medal or President's Coast Guard Medal
| presenter = [[President of India]]
| country = {{flagicon|India}} [[Republic of India]]
| type = [[Medal]]
| eligibility = [[Indian Coast Guard]]
| awarded_for = Conspicuous devotion to duty or courage
| campaign =
| status = Active
| description =
| motto =
| clasps =
| post-nominals =
| established = 7 June 1989
| firstawarded = 26 January 1990
| lastawarded = 26 January 2023
| total_awarded =
| total_awarded_posthumously =
| total_recipients =
| precedence_label =
| individual =
| higher = [[President's Tatrakshak Medal]]
| same =
| lower =
| related =
| image2 =
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
}}
The '''Tatrakshak Medal''' or Coast Guard Medal is an [[Orders, decorations, and medals of India|Indian military decoration]], awarded for conspicuous devotion to duty or courage in [[Indian Coast Guard]]. It is conferred by the [[President of India]] every year on the occasion of national celebrations - the [[Indian Independence Day|Independence Day]] and the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]].

==History==
The Tatrakshak Medal (PTM) was instituted on 7 June 1989 by the [[President of India]] to recognise individual acts of exceptional devotion to duty or courage in the [[Indian Coast Guard]] service. The first award was conferred on 26 January 1990.<ref name="Gazette of India">{{cite book |title=Gazette of India |date=24 June 1989 |publisher=Government of India |pages=499-500 |edition=No. 49-Pres./R9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGYo-LPPRGUC&dq=president+tatrakshak+medal+overview&pg=PA213 | title=Central Police Organisations| isbn=9788177649031| year=2005| publisher=Allied Publishers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ugDAAAAMBAJ&dq=president+tatrakshak+medal+overview&pg=PT23 |title = Pratiyogita Darpan|last1 = Darpan|first1 = Pratiyogita|date = February 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/tnrajnathcg-officers-rpt/1626394 | title=Tn-Rajnath-Cg Officers (RPT)}}</ref>

==Description==
All ranks of the Coast Guard are eligible for the medal. If a recipient of the medal is subsequently awarded the medal again, every such further award shall be recognized by the addition of a Bar. For every such Bar, a miniature insignia of a pattern approved by the Government shall be added to the riband when worn alone. The medal may be awarded posthumously.<ref name="Gazette of India" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/five-icg-personnel-get-tatrakshak-medals/india/news/1866075.html|title=Five ICG personnel get Tatrakshak medals}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=CGBR-04 |publisher=ICG |date=17 Jun 2013 |location=New Delhi |pages=89 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://newsonair.nic.in/Main-News-Details.aspx?id=351535 |title = President awards medals for Meritorious Service to Indian Coast Guard personnel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1600542 |title = President approves Tatrakshak medals to Indian Coast Guard personnel}}</ref>

The Tatrakshak medal may be awarded for meritorious service as well as gallantry. A maximum of five such medals are awarded each year. There is no annual limit on the number of gallantry medals.<ref name="Gazette of India" />

The Medal for gallantry is worn next to and immediately after the President's Tatrakshak Medal for distinguished service.

==References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Military awards and decorations of India]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1989]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in India]]

Shillong Premier League 2023–2024

2024-09-06T02:10:37Z

Rkrakeshboro: redirect

#REDIRECT [[Shillong Premier League]]

Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Plant

2024-09-03T17:40:51Z

Rkrakeshboro:

{{Multiple issues|
{{update|date=April 2021}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2019}}
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox dam
| name = Tapovan Vishnugadh Dam
| name_official =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| location_map = India
| location_map_size =
| location_map_caption =
| location_map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|30|29|38.9|N|079|37|39.1|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| country = India
| location = [[Chamoli District]], [[Uttarakhand]]
| purpose = Power
| status = UC
| construction_began = November 2006
| opening =
| demolished =
| cost =
| owner = [[NTPC Limited]]
| dam_type = Concrete
| dam_crosses = [[Dhauliganga River]]
| dam_length =
| dam_height =
| dam_height_foundation =
| dam_height_thalweg =
| dam_elevation_crest =
| dam_width_crest =
| dam_width_base =
| dam_volume =
| spillway_count =
| spillway_type =
| spillway_capacity =
| res_name =
| res_capacity_total =
| res_capacity_active =
| res_capacity_inactive =
| res_catchment =
| res_surface =
| res_max_length =
| res_max_width =
| res_max_depth =
| res_elevation =
| res_tidal_range =
| plant_name = Tapovan Vishnugad Power Plant
| plant_coordinates = {{coord|30|32|08.2|N|079|31|09.9|E|type:landmark}}
| plant_operator =
| plant_commission = 2020
| plant_decommission =
| plant_type =
| plant_turbines = 4 x 130 MW [[Pelton-type]]
| plant_hydraulic_head =
| plant_capacity = 520 MW
| plant_annual_gen =
| website =
| extra =
}}
The '''Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Plant''' is a 520 MW [[run-of-river]] [[hydroelectric]] project being constructed on [[Dhauliganga River]] in [[Chamoli District]] of [[Uttarakhand]], India. The plant is expected to generate over 2.5 TWh of electricity annually.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ntpc.co.in/power-generation/hydro-based-power-projects/tapovan-vishnugad |title=Hydro Based Power Projects | NTPC |access-date=15 March 2016 |archive-date=15 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315180445/http://www.ntpc.co.in/power-generation/hydro-based-power-projects/tapovan-vishnugad |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Tapovan Vishnugad is NTPC's second hydro power project since its foray into the sector. The 520 MW run-of-the-river project is situated on river Dhauliganga in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand. Its journey started with NTPC entering into an understanding with the Govt. of Uttarakhand for feasibility study for the project on 31.12.2002 and then signing the Implementation Agreement on 23.06.2004. Currently,{{when|date=April 2021}} it is in advanced stage of construction with around 70% of the implementation completed. The project has set its target for commissioning in first half on FY 2020-21.

The Foundation Stone of TVHPP was laid by Shri P M Saeed, the then Union Minister for Power, on 14 February 2005 in the august presence of Shri ND Tiwari, CM of Uttarakhand.

The power plant is located downstream on the [[Alaknanda River]] and will contain four 130 MW [[Pelton turbine]]-generators. The barrage is being constructed across the [[Dhauliganga River]] and has a catchment area of 3,100 km2.

[[BHEL]] was awarded the contract to supply four 130MW Pelton type turbines for the Tapovan Vishnugad hydroelectric power project. The contractual scope also included the testing, commissioning and operation of the generators, switchgear and excitation system.
{{when|date=April 2021}}
The project construction was awarded to a joint venture of [[Larsen & Toubro]] and Austria-based Alpine Mayreder Bau GmbH, but the contract was terminated in 2014 as geological constraints delayed tunnel construction. The tunnel project was then awarded to [[Hindustan Construction Company]] in 2016 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Chamoli avalanche ravages NTPC's under-construction 510 MW hydro plant|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/chamoli-avalanche-ravages-ntpcs-under-construction-510-mw-hydro-plant/2190035/|access-date=2021-02-10|website=financialexpress|date=8 February 2021|language=en}}</ref>

== Flood damage ==
The dam, whilst still being under construction, was severely damaged on 7 February 2021 due to a flash flood caused by the [[2021 Uttarakhand flood|Uttarakhand glacier burst]];<ref>{{Cite web|title=NTPC, Rishi Ganga power projects nearly washed away|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/ntpc-rishi-ganga-power-projects-nearly-washed-away/article33776257.ece|access-date=2021-02-07|website=@businessline|date=7 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pioneer|first=The|title=NTPC says Tapovan project partly damaged, monitoring situation|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2021/business/ntpc-says-tapovan-project-partly-damaged--monitoring-situation.html|access-date=2021-02-07|website=The Pioneer|language=en}}</ref> the [[avalanche]] lead to large amounts of water mixed with sand & stone rushing into the Dhauliganga River, which caused severe damage to the NTPC Tapowan project.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Avalanche damages Tapovan hydro project: NTPC|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/politics/nation/avalanche-damages-tapovan-hydro-project-ntpc/articleshow/80735040.cms|access-date=2021-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhaskar|first=Utpal|date=2021-02-07|title=NTPC's Tapovan Vishnugad hydropower project damaged in Uttarakhand floods|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/ntpcs-tapovan-vishnugad-hydropower-project-damaged-in-uttarakhand-floods-11612700493296.html|access-date=2021-02-07|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Jai|first=Shreya|date=2021-02-07|title=Uttarakhand Floods: 4 Hydropower units face damage, other dams on alert|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/uttarakhand-floods-4-hydropower-units-face-damage-other-dams-on-alert-121020700467_1.html|access-date=2021-02-07}}</ref> 140 workers at the construction site died or went missing as a result of the disaster.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sinds de bergen rond Raini brullend tot leven kwamen, is het Indiase dorp slapeloos|trans-title=Since the mountains around Raini roared to life, the Indian village has been sleepless|url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2021/08/04/sinds-de-bergen-rond-raini-brullend-tot-leven-kwamen-is-het-indiase-dorp-slapeloos-a4053712|access-date=2021-08-05|website=NRC|language=nl}}</ref>

== Tapovan Vishnugad power plant details ==
The Tapovan Vishnugad power plant is a 520MW run-of-river project being constructed on Dhauliganga River in Chamoli District of Uttarakhand, India. The plant is expected to generate approximately 2,558GWh of electricity per year.

Construction of the hydroelectric power project began in November 2006. Power production from the plant was expected to begin in 2012, but sluggish tunnel excavation works and flash floods in June 2013 delayed its inauguration. The project is expected to commence operations in 2016.

NTPC is developing the project at an estimated cost of approximately INR 29.78bn ($677m).

The Tapovan Vishnugad hydropower project will consist of four 130MW Pelton turbines, and a barrage constructed across the Dhauliganga River. The barrage will be 200m-long and 22m-high, and will consist of four gates measuring 12m-high and 14m-wide each.

The reservoir is expected to create a catchment area of 3,100km2. It also includes an intake sill located at 5m above the riverbed, at an elevation of 1,787m.

The river water will be diverted into the head race tunnel (HRT) via a desilting basin. The HRT will have a diameter of 5.6m and a maximum discharge capacity of 122.2 m3/s. The tailrace tunnel will be 493m-long and will have a diameter of 7m.

A surge tank at the end of the head race tunnel will be installed to minimise the water hammer during operation. Two pressure shafts with a diameter of 3.6m each will emanate from the surge tank. Each shaft will be bifurcated into two branches of 2.6m diameter penstock and will be to feed water into the turbine.

==References==
<references />
{{NTPC Power Stations}}
{{stack|{{Portal|Water|Renewable energy}}}}
{{GeoGroup}}

[[Category:Electric power companies of India]]
[[Category:Dams in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Dams under construction]]
[[Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Gravity dams]]
[[Category:Chamoli district]]
[[Category:Run-of-the-river power stations]]

India's Got Talent season 4

2024-08-21T22:50:28Z

Rkrakeshboro: created a info.

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television season
| italic_title =
| bg_colour = #DAF7A6
| season_number = 4
| image =
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| judges = [[Kirron Kher]] [[Karan Johar]] [[Malaika Arora Khan|Malaika Arora]] (auditions) [[Farah Khan]] (finals)
| host = [[Manish Paul]] [[Cyrus Sahukar]]
| winner = [[Bad Salsa|Biwash Academy of Dance]]
| runner_up = Deepraj Rai Tanya & Mukesh
}}
| num_episodes = 17
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2012|9|22}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2012|11|24}}
| prev_season = [[India's Got Talent (season 3)|Season 3]]
| next_season = [[India's Got Talent (season 5)|Season 5]]
}}

The fourth season<ref>{{Cite web|title=India's Got Talent 4|url=https://www.colorstv.com/shows/indias-got-talent-season-4/|website=Colors TV|language=en}}</ref> of Indian talent competition programme [[India's Got Talent]] was broadcast on [[Colors TV]], from 22 September to 24 November 2012.

The fourth season was won by [[Bad Salsa|Biwash Academy of Dance]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=BAD wins IGT!|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/232850/americas-got-talent-viral-indian-dancer-farmer-daughter-dancing-duo-sumath-sonali-bad-salsa-ang136/|website=The Better India|date=15 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref> winning a cash prize of Rs. 50,00,000.

== Season overview ==
This year, the show was hosted by [[Manish Paul]] & [[Cyrus Sahukar]] & judged by veteran [[Kirron Kher]], [[Karan Johar]] and [[Malaika Arora Khan]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Talent Huntress |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/vivacity/102412-talent-huntress.html |website=Daily Pioneer |language=en}}</ref> during the auditions but later in the Semi-Finals Malaika was replaced by [[Farah Khan]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=I will look sexier than usual: Farah Khan |url=http://india.nydailynews.com/entertainmentarticle/17f58f498cb83adaccec77f074a79531/i-will-look-sexier-than-usual-farah-khan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520134619/http://india.nydailynews.com/entertainmentarticle/17f58f498cb83adaccec77f074a79531/i-will-look-sexier-than-usual-farah-khan |archive-date=20 May 2013 |website=New York Daily Times |language=en}}</ref> for rest of the season.

Of the participants that took part, only forty made it past this stage and into the six semi-finals, with 5,6 or 7 appearing in each one, and thirteen of these acts making it into the live final; the wildcard act chosen by the judges was dance group Ocean Kids, after he lost out in the Judges' vote in the first semi-final. The following below lists the results of each participant's overall performance in this series:

: {{legend2|gold|Winner|border=1px solid #aaa}} | {{legend2|silver|Runner-up|border=1px solid #aaa}} | {{legend2|#c96|Third place|border=1px solid #aaa}} | {{legend2|NavajoWhite|Finalist|border=1px solid #aaa}}
: {{legend2|white|Semi-finalist|border=1px solid #aaa}} | [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|25x25px]] Judges' Wildcard Finalist

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Participant
! class="unsortable" |Act
!Semi-final
!Result
|-style="background:NavajoWhite;"
|'''Ocean Kids [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|17x17px]]'''
|'''Dance Act'''
|'''1'''
|'''Finalist'''
|-style="background:NavajoWhite;"
|'''Toshan Singh'''
|'''Singing'''
|'''1'''
|'''Finalist'''
|-
|Air Group
|Dance Act
|1
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-
|Kamal Kishore
|Actor
|1
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-style="background:#c96;"
|'''Tanya & Mukesh'''
|'''Aerial Dance Act'''
|'''1'''
|'''Third Place'''
|-
|Sajiterious Group
|Archery Act
|1
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-
|Immortals Dance Group
|Dance Act
|1
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-style="background:NavajoWhite;"
|'''Shiraz Irani'''
|'''Dance Act'''
|'''2'''
|'''{{sort|4|Finalist}}'''
|-style="background:NavajoWhite;"
|'''Silhouette Squad'''
|'''Dance Act'''
|'''2'''
|'''{{sort|4|Finalist}}'''
|-
|Ila & Ibra Khalid
|Singing Duo
|2
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-
|Reshma Nut
|Dance Trio
|2
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-
|S.K. Sanu
|Musical Theatre Group
|2
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-
|Atul Patil
|Vocal Harmony Group
|2
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-style="background:NavajoWhite;"
|'''Chanchal Bharti'''
|'''Quwali Act'''
|'''3'''
|'''{{sort|4|Finalist}}'''
|-style="background:NavajoWhite;"
|'''Nitish Bharti'''
|Sand Art
|'''3'''
|'''{{sort|4|Finalist}}'''
|-
|Anshuman Nandi
|Drum Act
|3
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-
|Shamksh Victory A&F Group
|Dance Act
|3
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-
|Om Saiba Group
|Dance Act
|3
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-style="background:NavajoWhite;"
|'''Acrobatic Boys'''
|'''Acrobatics Act'''
|'''4'''
|'''{{sort|4|Finalist}}'''
|-
|Raptilez
|Dance Act
|4
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-style="background:gold;"
|'''Biwash Academy of Dance'''
|'''Dance Duo'''
|'''4'''
|'''Winner'''
|-
|Ajit Singh Tanwar
|Singer & Guitarist
|4
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-
|Micheal Hoshiyar Singh
|Dancer
|4
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-
|Bijocks
|Singing Group
|4
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-
|Amardeep Singh Nath
|[[Keytar]] Player
|5
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-style="background:NavajoWhite;"
|'''Diplav Cultural Dance Group'''
|'''Gymnastic Dance Duo'''
|'''5'''
|'''Finalist'''
|--style="background:silver;"
|'''Deepraj Rai'''
|'''Dancer'''
|'''5'''
|'''Runner-up'''
|-
|Jai Hanuman Kala Manch
|Rapper
|5
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-
|Skeleton Dance Group
|Drummer & DJ
|5
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-
|Nishan-e-Khalsa
|Dance Troupe
|5
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-
|Funtoosh
|Cabaret Duet
|5
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-
|Raini Patel
|Singer
|2
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-style="background:NavajoWhite;"
|'''Talent Scan Group'''
|'''Impressionist'''
|'''1'''
|'''{{sort|4|Finalist}}'''
|-
|Jumme Khan Bhapang Group
|Breakdancer
|4
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-
|Abinash Kishor
|Dance Troupe
|3
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-
|Natya Nector
|Opera Duo
|1
|{{sort|5|Eliminated}}
|-style="background:NavajoWhite;"
|'''Margam Dance Academy'''
|'''Singer & Guitarist'''
|'''3'''
|'''{{sort|4|Finalist}}'''
|}

=== Semi-finals summary ===
: [[File:Crystal_Clear_action_button_cancel.svg|20x20px]] Buzzed '''|''' [[File:Crystal_Clear_app_clean.svg|20x20px]] Judges' Vote '''|''' {{legend2|gold|Won the Public Vote|border=1px solid #aaa}}
: {{legend2|silver|Won the Judges' Vote|border=1px solid #aaa}} | {{legend2|#c96|Lost the Judges' Vote|border=1px solid #aaa}} | {{legend2|white|Eliminated|border=1px solid #aaa}}

==== Semi-final 1 (21 October) ====
* Special Guest- [[Preity Zinta]]
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:17em;" |Semi-Finalist
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:1em;" |Order
! colspan="3" class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:24em;" |Buzzes and Judges' votes
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:23em;" |Result
|-
! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Kirron
! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Karan
! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Farah
|- style="background:#c96;"
! scope="row" |'''Ocean Kids'''
|1
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_app_clean.svg|20x20px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|'''Eliminated (Lost Judges' Vote)'''
|- - style="background:gold;"
! scope="row" |'''Toshan Singh Nnagbet'''
|'''2'''
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|'''Advanced (Won Public Vote)'''
|-
! scope="row" |Air Group
|3
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|Eliminated
|-
! scope="row" |Kamal Kishore
|4
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|Eliminated
|- style="background:silver;"
! scope="row" |'''Tanya and Mukesh'''
|'''5'''
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_app_clean.svg|20x20px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_app_clean.svg|20x20px]]
|'''Advanced (Won Judges' Vote)'''
|-
! scope="row" |Sajiterious Group
|6
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_button_cancel.svg|20x20px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|Eliminated
|-
! scope="row" |Immortals Dance Group
|7
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|Eliminated
|}

==== Semi-final 2 (27 October) ====

* Special Guest- [[Sonakshi Sinha]]
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:17em;" |Semi-Finalist
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:1em;" |Order
! colspan="3" class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:24em;" |Buzzes and Judges' votes
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:23em;" |Result
|-
! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Kirron
! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Karan
! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Farah
|- style="background:silver;"
! scope="row" |'''Shiraz Irani'''
|'''1'''
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_app_clean.svg|20x20px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_app_clean.svg|20x20px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_app_clean.svg|20x20px]]
|'''Advanced (Won Judges' Vote)'''
|- style="background:gold;" -
! scope="row" |'''Silhouette Squad'''
|'''2'''
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|'''Advanced (Won Public Vote)'''
|-
! scope="row" |Ila & Ibra Khalid
|3
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|Eliminated
|- style="background:#c96;"
! scope="row" |'''Reshma Nut'''
|'''4'''
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|'''Eliminated (Lost Judges' Vote)'''
|-
! scope="row" |S.K. Sanu
|5
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|Eliminated
|-
! scope="row" |Atul Patil
|6
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|Eliminated
|}

==== Semi-final 3 (28 October) ====

* Special Guest- [[Yuvraj Singh]]
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:17em;" |Semi-Finalist
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:1em;" |Order
! colspan="3" class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:24em;" |Buzzes and Judges' votes
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:23em;" |Result
|-
! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Kirron
! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Karan
! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Farah
|- style="background:silver;"
! scope="row" |'''Chanchal Bharti'''
|'''1'''
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_app_clean.svg|20x20px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_app_clean.svg|20x20px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|'''Advanced (Won Judges' Vote)'''
|- style="background:gold;" -
! scope="row" |'''Nitish Bharti'''
|'''2'''
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|'''Advanced (Won Public Vote)'''
|- style="background:#c96;"
! scope="row" |'''Anshuman Nandi'''
|'''3'''
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_app_clean.svg|20x20px]]
|'''Eliminated (Lost Judges' Vote)'''
|-
! scope="row" |Shamksh Victory A&F Group
|4
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|Eliminated
|-
! scope="row" |Om Saiba Group
|5
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|Eliminated
|}

==== Semi-final 4 (3 November) ====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:17em;" |Semi-Finalist
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:1em;" |Order
! colspan="3" class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:24em;" |Buzzes and Judges' votes
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:23em;" |Result
|-
! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Kirron
! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Karan
! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Farah
|- style="background:silver;"
! scope="row" |'''Acrobatic Boys'''
|'''1'''
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_app_clean.svg|20x20px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_app_clean.svg|20x20px]]
|'''Advanced (Won Judges' Vote)'''
|-
! scope="row" |Raptilez
|2
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|Eliminated
|- style="background:gold;" -
! scope="row" |'''Biwash Academy of Dance'''
|'''3'''
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|'''Advanced (Won Public Vote)'''
|- style="background:#c96;"
! scope="row" |'''Ajit Singh Tanwar'''
|'''4'''
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_app_clean.svg|20x20px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|'''Eliminated (Lost Judge' Vote)'''
|-
! scope="row" |Micheal Hoshiyar Singh
|5
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|Eliminated
|-
!scope="row" | Bijocks
|6
|
|
|
|Eliminated
|}

==== Semi-final 5 (4 November) ====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:17em;" |Semi-Finalist
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:1em;" |Order
! colspan="3" class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:24em;" |Buzzes and Judges' votes
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:23em;" |Result
|-
! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Kirron
! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Karan
! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Farah
|-
! scope="row" |Amardeep Singh Nath
|1
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|Eliminated
|- style="background:gold;" -
! scope="row" |'''Diplav Cultural Dance Group'''
|'''2'''
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|'''Advanced (Won Public Vote)'''
|- style="background:silver;"
! scope="row" |'''Deepraj Rai'''
|'''3'''
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_app_clean.svg|20x20px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_app_clean.svg|20x20px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_app_clean.svg|20x20px]]
|'''Advanced (Won Judges' Vote)'''
|-
! scope="row" |Jai Hanuman Kala Manch
|4
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|Eliminated
|-
! scope="row" |Skeleton Dance Group
|5
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|Eliminated
|-
! scope="row" |Nishan-e-Khalsa
|6
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_button_cancel.svg|20x20px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_action_button_cancel.svg|20x20px]]
|Eliminated
|- style="background:#c96;"
! scope="row" |'''Funtoosh'''
|'''7'''
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|'''Eliminated (Lost Judges' Vote)'''
|}

==== Semi-final 6 (10 November) ====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:17em;" |Semi-Finalist
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:1em;" |Order
! colspan="3" class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:24em;" |Buzzes and Judges' votes
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:23em;" |Result
|-
! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Kirron
! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Karan
! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Farah
|-
! scope="row" |Raini Patel
|1
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|Eliminated
|- style="background:silver;"
! scope="row" |'''Talent Scan Group'''
|'''2'''
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_app_clean.svg|20x20px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_app_clean.svg|20x20px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Crystal_Clear_app_clean.svg|20x20px]]
|'''Advanced (Won Judges' Vote)'''
|-
! scope="row" |Jumme Khan Bhapang Group
|3
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|Eliminated
|-
! scope="row" |Abinash Kishor
|4
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|Eliminated
|- style="background:#c96;"
! scope="row" |'''Natya Nector'''
|'''5'''
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|'''Eliminated (Lost Judges' Vote)'''
|- style="background:gold;"
! scope="row" |'''Margam Dance Academy'''
|'''6'''
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
|'''Advanced (Won Public Vote)'''
|}
=== Grand Finale (18 November) ===
''Prior to the finale, 2 pre-finals were also conducted, which gave the viewers last chance to cast their votes on 11 November and 17 November, 2012.''

{{legend2|gold|Winner|border=1px solid #aaa}} | {{legend2|silver|Runner-up|border=1px solid #aaa}}
* Special Guests: Jab Tak Hai Jaan Cast ([[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Anushka Sharma]], [[Katrina Kaif]])
* Guest Judge: Malaika Arora Khan
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:30%;"
! class="unsortable" style="width:35em;" |Finalist
! data-sort-type="number" style="width:10em;" |Finished
|-
! scope="row" |Acrobatic Boys
|6th
|- style="background: silver;"
! scope="row" |'''Mukesh & Tanya'''
|'''Runner-up (2nd—3rd)'''
|-
! scope="row" |Nitish Bharti
|4th
|-
! scope="row" |Silhouette Squad
|13th
|-
! scope="row" |Ocean Kids
|7th
|-
! scope="row" |Margam Dance Academy
|12th
|-
! scope="row" |Shiraz Irani
|11th
|-
! scope="row" |Diplav Cultural Dance Group
|8th
|- style="background:gold;"
! scope="row" |'''Biwash Academy of Dance'''<ref name="Sify News">{{cite web| agency = Press Trust of India | title = Bivash kids win India's Got Talent 4 | website = [[Sify]] | year = 2012 | url = http://www.sify.com/news/bivash-kids-win-india-s-got-talent-4-news-national-mlyx4cdejij.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121128094945/http://www.sify.com/news/bivash-kids-win-india-s-got-talent-4-news-national-mlyx4cdejij.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 28 November 2012 | access-date =25 November 2012}}</ref><ref name="ColorsTV">{{cite web| agency = Press Trust of India | title = India's Got Talent crowns Bivash Academy of Dance as winners! | publisher = [[Colors (TV channel)|ColorsTV]] | year = 2012 | url = http://colors.in.com/in/indias-got-talent/news-indias-got-talent-crowns-bivash-academy-of-dance-as-winners-377.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130501160730/http://colors.in.com/in/indias-got-talent/news-indias-got-talent-crowns-bivash-academy-of-dance-as-winners-377.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 1 May 2013 | access-date =6 December 2012}}</ref>
|'''1st'''
|- style="background:silver;"
! scope="row" |'''Deepraj Rai'''
|'''Runner-up (2nd—3rd)'''
|-
! scope="row" |Toshan Singh Nnagbet
|5th
|-
! scope="row" |Chanchal Bharti
|10th
|-
!scope="row" |Talent Scan Group
|9th
|}

== References ==
<references />

{{India's Got Talent}}

[[Category:Got Talent]]
[[Category:2012 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television]]

Abdul Waheed Khan (UNESCO official)

2024-07-15T18:44:51Z

Rkrakeshboro: small refine structure based on references additionally and fixed typos

{{BLP primary sources|date=May 2011}}
[[Image:Abdul Waheed Khan at the 10th UN Inter-Agency Round Table on Communications for Development.jpg|thumb|Abdul Waheed Khan at the 10th UN Inter-Agency Round Table on Communications for Development]]
'''Abdul Waheed Khan''' (born 1947) was the Assistant Director-General for Communication and Information of [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]] (UNESCO), a role he has held from 2001 to 2010. He was President of a start-up business university in Manama, Bahrain until March 2013.

Dr Abdul Waheed Khan is currently retired and spends his time between India, his native land and Canada, the country where he chose to settle down after leaving Bahrain.

==Education==
Khan attended [[Agra University]] in [[India]], earning a master's degree in agricultural extension in 1965, before relocating to the [[University of Wisconsin]] in [[Madison, Wisconsin]]. There, he earned a second master's degree in agricultural journalism in 1970 before earning his [[Doctor of Philosophy]] in mass communication in 1973.<ref name=UNESCO>{{cite web |url=http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=21749&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html |title=Abdul Waheed Khan: Biography |work=UNESCO |accessdate=1 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604164452/http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D21749%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html |archivedate=2011-06-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
He was born in Agya (Sant kabir Nagar).

==Early career==
Prior to joining the [[United Nations]], Khan was affiliated with the [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]] (IGNOU) in [[New Delhi]], India and [[Commonwealth of Learning]] in Canada. Founding director of the former, Khan was also Professor of its Communications Division until 1992. In his last year in that capacity, he simultaneously acted as a visiting professor at the [[National Institute of Multimedia Education]] in [[Chiba, Chiba|Chiba]], Japan. He began working at Commonwealth of Learning as Senior Programme Officer in 1992. In 1995, he spent a year as Acting Head of the Communications and Information Technologies Division before transition into the Principal Communications Specialist, a role he retained until 1998. In 1998, he returned to IGNOU as President and Chief Executive Officer (Vice-Chancellor). He remained there until 2000, when he spent a year as Director of Training and Development at Commonwealth of Learning. In 2001, he accepted the appointment to UNESCO.<ref name=UNESCO/>

==University of the People==

Abdul Waheed Khan is a member of the Council of Presidents for the University of the People. His experience in the field of education has helped establish the first non-profit, tuition-free, online academic institution that seeks to revolutionize higher education by making college-level studies accessible to students worldwide.

==References==
<references/>

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Abdul Waheed}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:UNESCO officials]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Journalism & Mass Communication alumni]]
[[Category:Indian officials of the United Nations]]

Ganganna Sirrasu Water Falls

2023-09-21T11:54:54Z

Rkrakeshboro: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[List of waterfalls in India#Ganganna Sirrasu Water Falls]]

[[Category:Waterfalls of Andhra Pradesh]]

Matka, Raebareli

2023-09-10T02:00:27Z

Rkrakeshboro: Starting Data...

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Matka
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Salon block map.png
| map_caption = Map showing Matka (#472) in Salon CD block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.029659|N|81.414258|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Do a radial search using these coordinates here|title="Geonames Search"}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country India
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3.371
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3479
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = UP-35
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Matka''' is a village in [[Salon, India|Salon]] block of [[Rae Bareli district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Rae Bareli, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=427–51 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0927_PART_A_DCHB_RAE%20BARELI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=11 September 2021}}</ref> It is located 35 km from [[Raebareli]], the district headquarters.<ref name="Census 1981"/> As of 2011, Matka has a population of 3,479 people, in 655 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Matka as comprising 7 hamlets, with a total population of 1,447 people (701 male and 746 female), in 320 households and 314 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (39 - Raebareli District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=cx-cxi of section "Salon Tahsil" |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1047/1/22852_1961_RAE.pdf |access-date=11 September 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 305 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1961"/>

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Matka as having a population of 2,048 people, in 561 households, and having an area of 345.60 [[hectare]]s.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Rae Bareli |date=1982 |pages=224–5 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1298/1/50861_1981_RAE.pdf |access-date=11 September 2021}}</ref> The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.<ref name="Census 1981"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Raebareli district}}

[[Category:Villages in Raebareli district]]

{{Raebareli-geo-stub}}

Chitkara Institute of Engineering and Technology

2023-09-09T14:33:27Z

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#REDIRECT [[Chitkara University, Punjab]]

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Abir Abrar

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Khaki aur Khiladi

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Rajpur, Rohtas

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{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rajpur
| other_name = Rājpur
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Rajpur block map.png
| pushpin_map = India Bihar
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.07675|N|84.20551|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="Geonames">{{Cite web|url=https://www.geonames.org/10836742/rajpur.html|title=Geonames.org. ''Rājpur''|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rohtas district|Rohtas]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 7.05
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="Geonames"/>
| elevation_m = 99
| population_total = 11780<ref name="Census 2011"/>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 821111<ref name="Census 2011" />
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Rajpur''' is a village and corresponding [[community development block]] in [[Rohtas district]] of [[Bihar]], [[India]]. As of 2011, the village of Rajpur had a population of 11,780, in 1,778 households, while Rajpur block had a population of 75,213.<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook - Rohtas, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=33, 44–70, 596–612, 1191–1192|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/BiharA.html |website=Census 2011 India|accessdate=1 April 2020}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
Between 2001 and 2011, the population of Rajpur block increased from 60,610 to 75,213, representing a 24.1% increase. In both census years, the block was classified as entirely rural, with no major urban areas.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

In 2011, the [[sex ratio]] of Rajpur block was 915 females to every 1000 males, slightly below the district average of 921. The sex ratio was slightly higher in the 0-6 age group (922), which was also slightly below the district average (931).<ref name="Census 2011"/>

Members of [[scheduled castes]] numbered 12,964 in 2011, representing 17.24% of the block's total population; slightly below the Rohtas district average of 18.57%. There were 17 members of [[scheduled tribes]], making up a negligible percentage of the total population. The sex ratio among both groups was lowest in Rajpur among Rohtas sub-districts.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

The [[literacy rate]] of Rajpur block was 75.99% in 2011, slightly higher than the Rohtas district average of 73.37%. Literacy was higher in men (85.89%) than in women (65.16%); the corresponding gender gap of 20.73% was roughly average among Rohtas sub-districts. Rajpur block had the highest literacy rate among scheduled caste members, with 64.4% compared to the district average of 60.3%.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

=== Employment ===
Most of Rajpur block's workforce was engaged in [[agriculture]] as of 2011, with 24.68% being cultivators who owned or leased their own land and a further 48.49% being agricultural labourers who worked another person's land for wages. Another 4.34% were engaged in household industries, and the remaining 20.29% were engaged in other forms of work.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

== Amenities ==
=== Rajpur village ===
The village of Rajpur has a medical centre. It has [[tap water]]; drinking water is also provided via [[well]] and [[hand pump]]. However, it does not have [[public toilet]]s. It has a [[post office]], [[landline]] and [[cell phone]] coverage, and [[Internet]] access. There is a [[railway station]] and [[bus]] service. Rajpur also has permanent [[Indian vernacular architecture#Pukka|pucca roads]], which are connected to [[National highways of India|national highways]]. There is a [[bank]] and [[agricultural credit society]]. The village hosts a daily [[mandi (market)|mandi]] as well as a weekly [[haat]]. There is a [[community centre]] with [[sports field]]s, a [[Movie theater|cinema]], and a [[public library]]. The village also has access to [[electricity]].<ref name="Census 2011"/>

=== Rajpur block ===
Of the 36 inhabited villages in Rajpur block, 32 had [[school]]s as of 2011, serving 97.11% of the population. 3 villages had medical facilities, serving 19.3% of the population. All villages had access to [[drinking water]], although not all of them had tap water, and 11 of them had post offices. Half of the villages (18) had [[telephone]] access, serving 66.01% of the population. 21 villages had permanent pucca roads, serving 67.46% of the population. 30 villages had [[National Grid (India)|electrical power]], serving 95.01% of the population.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

== Villages ==
Rajpur block contains 39 villages, 36 inhabited and 3 uninhabited:<ref name="Census 2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"

|-
! Village name
! Total land area (hectares)
! Population (in 2011)
|-
| Dehri || 79 || 1,671
|-
| Barana || 365 || 3,031
|-
| Amarpur || 235 || 1,499
|-
| Pakari || 226 || 2,408
|-
| Patkhaulia || 43 || 165
|-
| Misraulia || 46 || 831
|-
| '''Rajpur''' (capital) || 705 || 11,780
|-
| Sabea || 216 || 1,727
|-
| Rajandih || 138 || 2,761
|-
| Amarhi || 165 || 1,318
|-
| Nachania || 68 || 609
|-
| Nirajanpur || 51 || 0
|-
| Mangraulia || 232 || 2,111
|-
| Malawan || 114 || 808
|-
| Sakhara || 229 || 2,515
|-
| Tarawan || 307 || 3,891
|-
| Dhobdiha || 229 || 1,891
|-
| Nawadih || 72 || 687
|-
| Kujhi || 267 || 1,842
|-
| Sianwak || 781 || 8,189
|-
| Harbanspur || 31 || 652
|-
| Bhatauli || 151 || 1,924
|-
| Bhaluahi || 174 || 668
|-
| Pararia || 208 || 2,824
|-
| Gurdihin || 119 || 1,531
|-
| Sultanpur || 158 || 1,293
|-
| Baranw || 117 || 1,230
|-
| Parasia || 58 || 945
|-
| Baraicha || 108 || 719
|-
| Mahuari || 139 || 1,340
|-
| Chhanha || 113 || 1,013
|-
| Karamkila || 139 || 1,746
|-
| Chand Simarhat || 71 || 0
|-
| Bisunpur || 146 || 1,903
|-
| Kusadhar || 153 || 1,831
|-
| Baghaila || 108 || 1,070
|-
| Rutawan || 172 || 2,758
|-
| Madanpur || 37 || 0
|-
| Suara || 270 || 2,032
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Rohtas district}}

[[Category:Villages in Rohtas district]]