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Department of Urban Development and Housing, Jharkhand

2026-05-08T06:06:58Z

Rishank124:

{{Short description|Department of Government of Jharkhand}}

{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Department of Urban Development and Housing
| native_name = नगर विकास एवं आवास विभाग
| seal = Jharkhand Rajakiya Chihna.svg
| seal_size = 170
| jurisdiction = [[Jharkhand|State of Jharkhand]]
| headquarters = Project Building, Dhurwa [[Ranchi]], [[Jharkhand]]
| mapframe = No
| coordinates = {{Coordinates|23.29436|85.29298|display=inline, title}}
| budget =
| minister1_name = [[Sudivya Kumar]]
| minister1_pfo = Ministers of Urban Development and Housing
| chief1_name = Sunil Kumar, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief1_position = [[Principal Secretary (India)|Principal Secretary]] (Urban Development and Housing)
| website = {{Official website|https://udhd.jharkhand.gov.in/index.aspx}}
| logo =
| employees =
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| chief3_name =
| chief3_position =
| chief4_name =
| chief4_position =
| chief5_name =
| chief5_position =
| chief6_name =
| chief6_position =
| chief7_name =
| chief7_position =
| chief8_name =
| chief8_position =
| chief9_name =
| chief9_position =
| parent_department = [[Government of Jharkhand]]
| formed =
| child1_agency = Directorate of Municipal Administration
| child2_agency = State Urban Development Agency
| child3_agency = Jharkhand State Housing Board
| child4_agency = [[Jharkhand Urban Infrastructure Development Company Limited|(JUIDCO)]]
| child5_agency = (JUTCOL)
| child6_agency = Ranchi Smart City Corporation Limited
| type = Department
| native_name_r =
| preceding1 =
| preceding2 =
}}

The '''Department of Urban Development and Housing, Jharkhand''', ('''UDHD''') is a department of the [[Government of Jharkhand]] responsible for urban planning, housing and municipal governance in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Urban Development & Housing, Government of Jharkhand |url=https://udhd.jharkhand.gov.in/index.aspx |access-date=17 Sep 2025 |website=udhd.jharkhand.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Jharkhand forms multiple teams of experts to plan, improve, modernise urban infra |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/urban-infrastructure/jharkhand-urban-development-department-initiates-infrastructure-improvement-teams/124411779 |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=Economic Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Urban Development & Housing |url=https://www.jharkhand.gov.in/urban |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=www.jharkhand.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=National Government Services Portal - Urban Development & Housing Department, Jharkhand |url=https://services.india.gov.in/service/detail/urban-development-and-housing-department-jharkhand |access-date=17 Sep 2025 |website=services.india.gov.in}}</ref> It oversees urban local bodies including [[municipal corporation]]s, [[Municipality|municipalities]], [[nagar panchayat]]s and [[notified area committee]]s and implements schemes related to infrastructure, sanitation, water supply, solid waste management and housing for weaker sections.<ref>{{cite web |title=Functions – Urban Development & Housing Department |url=https://udhd.jharkhand.gov.in/Functions.aspx |accessdate=17 September 2025 |publisher=Government of Jharkhand |archive-date=1 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701110435/https://udhd.jharkhand.gov.in/Functions.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Urban Development and Housing Department of Government of Jharkhand |url=https://www.developmentaid.org/donors/view/145140/urban-development-and-housing-department-of-government-of-jharkhand |accessdate=17 September 2025 |publisher=DevelopmentAid}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Request for Proposal – State Urban Development Agency, Jharkhand |url=https://www.tmdicai.org/assets/Doc/RFP_Docs/1703759143-5863-DOC-State-Urban-Development-Agency.pdf |accessdate=17 September 2025 |publisher=The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India}}</ref> The department also prepares city development plans and master plans,<ref>{{cite web |title=SDG 11.2 Implementation: Jharkhand cities will be people friendly and compact |url=https://sdgs.un.org/partnerships/sdg-112-implementation-jharkhand-cities-will-be-people-friendly-and-compact |publisher=United Nations SDGs |accessdate=17 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand: नगर विकास और आवास विभाग की समीक्षा बैठक, मंत्री सुदिव्य बोले- मास्टर प्लान के तहत हो शहरों का विकास |url=https://www.amarujala.com/jharkhand/jharkhand-minister-sudhivya-kumar-review-meeting-of-urban-development-and-housing-department-ranchi-news-2025-04-09 |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> that includes regularisation of unauthorized buildings,<ref>{{cite news |title=Jharkhand govt prepares draft plan to regularize unauthorized residential buildings |url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/science-environment/2258412-jharkhand-govt-prepares-draft-plan-to-regularize-unauthorized-residential-buildings |work=Devdiscourse |date=1 December 2022 |accessdate=17 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETRealty.com |title=Jharkhand prepares draft plan to regularize unauthorized residential buildings |url=https://realty.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/infrastructure/jharkhand-prepares-draft-plan-to-regularize-unauthorized-residential-buildings/95637539 |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=ETRealty.com |language=en}}</ref> development of new townships in major cities,<ref>{{cite news |title=Jharkhand to build new townships in 8 cities to boost affordable urban housing |url=https://propnewstime.com/getdetailsStories/MTcxNDM%3D/jharkhand-to-build-new-townships-in-8-cities-to-boost-affordable-urban-housing |work=PropNewsTime |date=2023 |accessdate=17 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETRealty.com |title=Jharkhand making all efforts to build Ranchi as smart city |url=https://realty.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/jharkhand-making-all-efforts-to-build-ranchi-as-smart-city/66702550 |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=ETRealty.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=FOUNDATION |first=OBSERVER RESEARCH |title=Towards inclusive and sustainable smart cities:Â The case of Ranchi |url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/towards-inclusive-and-sustainable-smart-cities-the-case-of-ranchi |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=orfonline.org |language=en}}</ref> and measures like reduced water connection charges with free connections for below-poverty-line households.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assembly panel pushes reform: Jharkhand water connections made affordable |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/assembly-panel-pushes-reform-jharkhand-water-connections-made-affordable-1503486006.html |work=The Statesman |date=19 February 2023 |accessdate=17 September 2025}}</ref>

==Functions==
* Oversight of urban local bodies including municipal corporations, municipalities, nagar panchayats and notified area committees, including implementing schemes such as [[Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana|PMAY-Urban]].<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us – Urban Local Bodies |url=https://udhd.jharkhand.gov.in/ |publisher=Government of Jharkhand |accessdate=17 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand Affordable Urban Housing Policy - 2016 |url=https://pmay-urban.gov.in/material/component1/Jharkhand-Affordable-Housing-policy.pdf |website=pmay-urban.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Functions and Finances of Urban local bodies in Jharkhand |url=https://www.nipfp.org.in/media/medialibrary/2013/08/Jharkhand.pdf |access-date=17 Sep 2025 |website=nipfp.org.in}}</ref>
* Preparation and implementation of urban water supply schemes, including using Public Private Partnership models.<ref>{{cite web |title=Functions – urban development jharkhand |url=https://udhd.jharkhand.gov.in/Functions.aspx |publisher=Government of Jharkhand |accessdate=17 September 2025 |archive-date=1 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701110435/https://udhd.jharkhand.gov.in/Functions.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jharkhand Urban Water Supply Improvement Project |url=https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-documents/52028-004-ssa.pdf |publisher=Asian Development Bank |accessdate=17 September 2025}}</ref>
* Development of city sanitation plans covering water supply, access to toilets, waste water management, storm water drainage and solid waste management.<ref>{{cite web |title=City Sanitation Plans |url=https://udhd.jharkhand.gov.in/Programs/CSP.aspx |publisher=Government of Jharkhand |accessdate=17 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Urban Sanitation and Septage Management in Jharkhand |url=https://scbp.niua.org/sites/all/themes/zap/knowledge/State_Report-Jharkhand_Web.pdf |access-date=17 Sep 2025 |website=scbp.niua.org}}</ref>
* Launching and providing various e-services such as building plan approval, property tax management, water connection management, municipal license system, issuance of birth and death certificates as well as grievance redressal.<ref>{{cite web |title=e-Services – UDHD Jharkhand |url=https://udhd.jharkhand.gov.in/Services2.aspx |publisher=Government of Jharkhand |accessdate=17 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=E-municipality Services provided by Department of Urban Development and Housing |url=https://blog.mygov.in/e-municipality-services-provided-by-department-of-urban-development-and-housing/ |access-date=2025-09-17 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Implementation of reforms to strengthen accountability, transparency, and service monitoring, such as QR code / RFID-based tracking for waste collection.<ref>{{cite news |title=QR code-based monitoring for door-to-door waste collection soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/qr-code-based-monitoring-for-door-to-door-waste-collection-soon/articleshow/122959304.cms |work=Times of India |date=28 July 2025 |accessdate=17 September 2025}}</ref>

==Ministerial team==
The Department is headed by the Cabinet Minister for Urban Development and Housing. Since December 2024, [[Sudivya Kumar]] holds the portfolio of Urban Development and Housing Minister of Jharkhand.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Satyajeet |date=2024-12-05 |title=Jharkhand CM Hemant Soren allocates portfolios, Sudivya Kumar gets Urban Development & Housing |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jharkhand-hemant-soren-allocates-portfolios-to-ministers-2646285-2024-12-05 |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

The administrative head of the department is the principal secretary, who is supported by special secretaries and other senior officials. Since August 2024, Sunil Kumar, [[Indian Administrative Service]] is serving as Principal Secretary of Jharkhand's Urban Development and Housing Department.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Around two dozen IAS officers transferred in major bureaucratic reshuffle in Jharkhand |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/jharkhand/around-two-dozen-ias-officers-transferred-in-major-bureaucratic-reshuffle-in-jharkhand-3146144 |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== List of urban local bodies in Jharkhand ==
{{Main|List of urban local bodies in Jharkhand}}
Jharkhand has four categories of urban local bodies: Municipal Corporations, Nagar Parishads (Municipality), Nagar Panchayats and a Notified Area Committee.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Urban Local Bodies's Contact Informations |url=https://udhd.jharkhand.gov.in/Other/ULBInformation.aspx |access-date=17 Sep 2025 |website=udhd.jharkhand.gov.in |archive-date=6 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606195626/https://udhd.jharkhand.gov.in/Other/ULBInformation.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and Urban Development Authorities |url=https://pmay-urban.gov.in/list-ulb.pdf |access-date=17 Sep 2025 |website=pmay-urban.gov.in}}</ref>

=== Municipal Corporations ===
* [[Adityapur Municipal Corporation]]
* [[Chas Municipal Corporation]]
* [[Dhanbad Municipal Corporation]]
* [[Deoghar Municipal Corporation]]
* [[Hazaribagh Municipal Corporation]]
* [[Ranchi Municipal Corporation]]
* [[Giridih Municipal Corporation]]
* [[Medininagar Municipal Corporation]]
* Mango Municipal Corporation

=== Nagar Parishads (Municipality) ===
* Bishrampur Nagar Parishad
* Chatra Nagar Parishad
* Chakradharpur Nagar Parishad
* [[Madhupur Municipality|Madhupur Nagar Parishad]]
* Chaibasa Nagar Parishad
* Dumka Nagar Parishad
* Garhwa Nagar Parishad
* Jhumritilaiya Nagar Parishad
* Ramgarh Nagar Parishad
* Simdega Nagar Parishad
* Sahibganj Nagar Parishad
* Pakur Nagar Parishad
* Phusro Nagar Parishad
* Mihijham Nagar Parishad
* Lohardaga Nagar Parishad
* Jugsalai Nagar Parishad
* Godda Nagar Parishad
* Chirkunda Nagar Parishad
* Kapali Nagar Parishad

=== Nagar Panchayats ===
* Basukinath Nagar Panchayat
* Bachra Nagar Panchayat
* Badakisarai Nagar Panchayat
* Barharwa Nagar Panchayat
* Bundu Nagar Panchayat
* Chhattarpur Nagar Panchayat
* Chakuliya Nagar Panchayat
* Domchach Nagar Panchayat
* Hariharganj Nagar Panchayat
* Hussainabad Nagar Panchayat
* Jamtara Nagar Panchayat
* Khunti Nagar Panchayat
* Koderma Nagar Panchayat
* Latehar Nagar Panchayat
* Mahagama Nagar Panchayat
* Nagar Uttari Nagar Panchayat
* Rajmahal Nagar Panchayat
* Seraikela Nagar Panchayat
* Manjhiaon Nagar Panchayat

=== Notified Area Committee (NAC) ===
* Jamshedpur NAC

== See also ==
* [[Government of Jharkhand]]
* [[Jharkhand Urban Infrastructure Development Company Limited]]
* [[List of urban local bodies in Jharkhand]]
* [[Municipal corporation (India)]]
* [[Municipal governance in India]]
* [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Government departments of Jharkhand]]

District Reserve Guard

2026-05-06T10:27:43Z

Rishank124: Started First Place and Citations...

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname = District Reserve Guard
| nativename =
| nativenamea =
| nativenamer =
| patch =
| patchcaption =
| logo =
| logocaption =
| badge =
| badgecaption =
| flag =
| flagcaption =
| formed = 2008
| preceding1 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| employees = Approximately 3,500 (as of 2021)
| budget =
| legalpersonality = [[Government agency|Governmental agency]]
| legaljuris = [[Chhattisgarh]], India
| country = India
| countryabbr =
| federal = No
| divname =
| subdivname = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| map =
| mapcaption =
| sizearea =
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| governingbody = [[Chhattisgarh Police]]
| headquarters = [[Chhattisgarh]], India
| sworntype = Officer
| sworn =
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| parentagency = {{flagicon image||23px}} [[Chhattisgarh Police]]
| child1agency =
| unittype = Specialized Unit
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| vehicle1type =
| vehicles1 =
| boat1type =
| boats1 =
| aircraft1type =
| aircraft1 =
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| programme1 =
| activitytype = [[Counterinsurgency|Counter-Insurgency]]
| activity1name =
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}}

The '''District Reserve Guard''' ('''DRG'''), also known as the '''District Reserve Group''', is a specialized [[police unit]] formed in 2008 in the Indian state of [[Chhattisgarh]] to address [[left-wing extremism]], particularly the [[Maoist insurgency]]. The unit was established as a response to the growing influence and violence of [[Maoism|Maoist]] groups, which have historically taken advantage of the socio-economic conditions of local tribal populations.<ref name=c>{{cite news |last1=Singh Lalotra |first1=Col Satish |title=District Reserve Guard: A Sangfroid Riposte To Maoists |url=https://risingkashmir.com/district-reserve-guard-a-sangfroid-riposte-to-maoists/ |publisher=[[Rising Kashmir]] |date=8 May 2023}}</ref> The DRG is often referred to as the "son of the soil" due to its composition of local recruits.<ref name=A>{{cite news |last1=M R |first1=Senjo |title=Dantewada attack: Tragic end for 5 ex-Maoists who sought fresh start as cops |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/report/dantewada-attack-tragic-end-for-5-former-maoists-who-chose-a-new-path/20230427.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=27 April 2023}}</ref> As of 2021, the DRG consists of approximately 3,500 personnel.<ref name=d/>

The DRG played a key role in neutralising [[Nambala Keshava Rao]], who was then the General Secretary of the CPI (Maoist).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-22 |title=Specialised force that gunned down Basava Raju, what is Chhattisgarh's DRG? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/basava-raju-gunned-down-chhattisgarh-drd-10020044/ |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
The unit was initially set up in the [[Kanker district|Kanker]] and [[Narayanpur district|Narayanpur]] districts in 2008. In 2013, the force was expanded to the [[Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh|Bijapur]] and [[Bastar district|Bastar]] districts, followed by deployments in [[Sukma]] and [[Kondagaon]] in 2014, and in [[Dantewada]] in 2015.<ref name=A/> The DRG was created to utilize local knowledge for effective counter-insurgency efforts.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

The DRG has been involved in various operations targeting Maoist networks. In 2015, it conducted 644 anti-Naxal operations, both independently and with other state and paramilitary forces, resulting in the deaths of 46 Maoist combatants.<ref name=B/> By mid-2018, 144 operations conducted by the DRG led to 25 Maoist fatalities without casualties among security forces.<ref name=B>{{cite news |title=District Reserve Group adds impetus to anti-Naxal operations in Chhattisgarh |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/district-reserve-group-adds-impetus-to-anti-naxal-operations-in-chhattisgarh/articleshow/50865986.cms |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=13 July 2018}}</ref>

As of 2018, the DRG's deployment included 482 personnel in [[Sukma]], one of the most heavily affected districts, and 312 in the adjacent [[Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh|Bijapur district]].<ref name=B/>

The [[2023 Dantewada bombing]], a Maoist attack in [[Dantewada district]] on 26 April, killed 10 DRG personnel and a civilian driver. Five of the ten DRG personnel killed in the attack were former Maoists.<ref>{{cite news |title=5 of 10 cops killed in Chhattisgarh Maoist attack were once active as Naxals |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/chhattisgarh-maoist-attack-cops-killed-were-once-active-naxals-2365764-2023-04-28 |publisher=[[India Today]] |date=28 April 2023}}</ref> It was the first major casualties for the DRG in the Bastar region.<ref>{{cite news |last1=B Verma |first1=Seema |title=DRG a vital cog in counter-insurgency operations in Chhattisgarh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/drg-a-vital-cog-in-counter-insurgency-operations-in-chhattisgarh/article66818064.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=6 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The price of sacrifice: After Maoist attack, kin left to pick up pieces in Chhattisgarh's Bastar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/seeking-a-global-future-focused-education-singapores-transnational-programs-offer-top-ranked-universities-degrees-tailored-for-indian-students/articleshow/113126928.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 April 2023}}</ref>

In September 2023, a joint operation by the District Reserve Guard and the [[Central Reserve Police Force]] killed nine Maoists during an encounter in the Dantewada district.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chhattisgarh: Nine maoists killed in Dantewada gunfight; joint operation of DRG, CRPF underway |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/chattisgarh-nine-maoists-killed-in-dantewada-gunfight-joint-operation-of-drg-crpf-underway-11725350461743.html |publisher=[[Livemint]] |date=3 September 2024}}</ref> In October 2023, security forces, including the DRG and [[Special Task Force (India)|Special Task Force]], killed 28 Maoists in an operation in Dantewada's Abujhmad region following intelligence reports.<ref>{{cite news |last1=S Naidu |first1=Jayprakash |title=28 Maoists shot dead by security forces in forests of Chhattisgarh |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/maoists-killed-in-abujhmad-encounter-ak47-slr-weapons-recovered-9603649/ |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |date=5 October 2024}}</ref>

On 6 January 2025, a [[2025 Bijapur Naxal attack|Naxalite attack in Bijapur, Chhattisgarh]], killed nine people, including eight police personnel of District Reserve Guard and a civilian driver, using an [[Improvised explosive device|IED]] weighing 60–70 kg.<ref>{{cite news |title=Naxals blow up security personnel vehicle in Chhattisgarh, 9 killed |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/chhattisgarh-bijapur-naxals-ied-attack-on-police-personnel-security-vehicle-casualties-19535201.htm |publisher=[[CNBC TV18]] |date=6 January 2025}}</ref>
It was the largest attack on security forces in the state in two years.<ref>{{cite news |title=9 killed after Naxals blow up security vehicle with IED in Chhattisgarh's Bijapur |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/9-including-8-chhattisgarh-cops-killed-after-naxals-blow-up-suv-with-ied-in-bijapur/3708531/ |publisher=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |date=6 January 2025}}</ref>

On 21 May 2025 [[2025 Abujhmarh clash|Abujhmarh clash]], four units of the District Reserve Guard (DRG) killed CPI (Maoist) General Secretary Nambala Keshava Rao.

== Danteshwari Ladake ==
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname = Danteshwari Ladake
| nativename = दंतेश्वरी लड़ाके
| formed = 2019
| country = India
| federal = No
| governingbody = [[Chhattisgarh Police]]
| parentagency = District Reserve Guard (DRG)
| unittype = Specialized Commando Unit
| employees = 97 (as of March 2024)
| headquarters = [[Dantewada]], [[Chhattisgarh]], India
| legaljuris = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| speciality1 = [[Counterinsurgency|Counter-insurgency]]
}}

'''Danteshwari Ladake''' (Danteshwari Fighters) is an all-women commando unit within the District Reserve Guard, established in 2019 to support anti-Maoist-Naxal operations. It is named after the [[Danteshwari Temple]] in [[Dantewada]] and the unit includes 97 members as of March 2024.<ref name=danteshwari>{{cite news |title=Bastar's Danteshwari Fighters: India's first all-women anti-Maoist unit |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/chhattisgarh/bastars-danteshwari-fighters-indias-first-all-women-anti-maoist-unit-2928226 |publisher=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=8 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Drolia |first1=Rashmi |title=Guns & Gulaab: Bastar's women commandos who kill, and also heal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/guns-gulaab-bastars-women-commandos-who-kill-and-also-heal/articleshow/108310418.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=8 March 2024}}</ref>

Apart from combat duties, Danteshwari Ladake commandos are trained in basic medical care and conduct health visits in remote villages. Danteshwari Ladake occasionally operate in civilian clothing to conduct surveillance, concealing weapons under traditional attire for discreet reconnaissance missions.<ref name=danteshwari/>

== Recruitment ==
The DRG recruits primarily from local tribal communities.<ref name=c/> The DRG recruits personnel at three levels such as assistant constables, [[constable]]s, and secret operatives. Assistant constables are often former [[Special Police Officers]] from the disbanded [[Salwa Judum]] and former [[Maoists in India|Maoists]]. Constables are formally recruited, while surrendered Maoists are enlisted as "gopniya sainiks" or secret operatives.<ref name=d/>

== Training ==
DRG personnel undergo training to prepare for counter-insurgency tasks. This includes advanced training at army camps outside the state and foundational jungle warfare training at the Greyhounds facility in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name=B/>

The Kanker-based Counter Terrorism and Jungle Warfare College is responsible for training DRG personnel.<ref name=d>{{cite news |last1=Noronha |first1=Rahul |title=Chhattisgarh's Maoist fighting force |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/chhattisgarh-s-maoist-fighting-force-1788801-2021-04-08 |publisher=[[India Today]] |date=9 April 2021}}</ref>

;Training Programs Include<ref name=c/>:
* A one-year course at the state police academy.
* A two-month specialized [[jungle warfare]] course in [[Kanker district|Kanker]].
* Instruction in [[guerrilla warfare]] tactics and the use of [[Modern Weaponry|modern weaponry]].

== Criticism ==
Concerns have been raised about the District Reserve Guard, including reports of misconduct by some personnel. The unit recruits personnel from tribal communities has led to questions regarding the training and professionalism of recruits. There have also been occasional tensions between DRG members and other police units.<ref name=c/> There have been allegations that DRG personnel are involved in looting and indiscriminate beatings in certain villages.<ref name=e/>

[[Soni Sori]], an [[Aam Aadmi Party]] leader, has stated that surrendered Maoists are joining the police due to limited job opportunities and criticized the formation of specialized units like the District Reserve Guard, suggesting it involves [[adivasi]]s (tribal) fighting against other adivasis.<ref name=e>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Raksha |title=Bastar police use adivasis to fight adivasis – unleashing violence in the villages |url=https://scroll.in/article/808037/bastar-police-uses-adivasis-to-fight-adivasis-unleashing-violence-in-the-villages |publisher=[[Scroll.in]] |date=24 May 2016}}</ref>

Tribal rights activists and civil society groups have raised concerns about alleged [[Extrajudicial punishment|extrajudicial]] actions by the District Reserve Guard Force of the [[Chhattisgarh Police]], likening the DRG to the banned [[Salwa Judum]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Ashutosh |title=Chhattisgarh: No peace without justice |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/chhattisgarh-government-bjp-operation-prahar-maoist-killing-naxalite-adivasi/article68417263.ece |agency=[[The Hindu]] |publisher=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |date=23 July 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Government of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:State law enforcement agencies of India]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 2000]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2008]]
[[Category:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency]]

S. Vijayakumar

2026-05-05T18:38:53Z

Rishank124:

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1970)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}

'''S. Vijayakumar''' (born 1970) is an Indian politician from Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=S.Vijayakumar, GUMMIDIPOONDI constituency, TVK, Tamilnadu Assembly Election 2026: Profile & Affidavit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/candidates/Tamilnadu2026/s-vijayakumar-265/ |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] from Gummidipoondi Assembly constituency in [[Tiruvallur district]] representing [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=KL |first=Prakash |date=2026-05-05 |title=TVK Winners List: Full List of 108 MLAs In Thalapathy Vijay's Party In Tamil Nadu Elections |url=https://www.oneindia.com/chennai/tvk-winners-list-full-list-of-108-mlas-in-thalapathy-vijays-party-in-tamil-nadu-elections-8077875.html |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=One India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=S. Vijayakumar, GUMMIDIPOONDI TVK Election Results 2026: S. Vijayakumar Vidhan Sabha Chunav Seat, Political Career, Education, Age, Vote Margin, Assets Parinam News in Hindi {{!}} एस विजयकुमार गुम्मिडिपूंडी विधानसभा चुनाव 2026 |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/assembly-chunav/tamil-nadu/candidate-s-vijayakumar-13982 |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=AajTak |language=hi}}</ref>

Vijayakumar is from Tiruvalur district, Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-04 |title=Gummidipoondi Election Result 2026 Live: TVK's S. Vijayakumar with 94320 defeats AIADMK's V. Sudhakar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/gummidipoondi-assembly-election-results-2026-live-updates-tamil-nadu-vote-counting-seat-constituency-candidates-leading-trailing-tnaelb-2905770-2026-05-04 |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He is the Tiruvallur North district party secretary.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Candidates - Tamil Nadu {{!}} TVK |url=https://tvkvijay.com/en/election-candidates/tamilnadu |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |language=en}}</ref>

Vijayakumar became an MLA for the first time winning the [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Gummidipoondi Assembly constituency]] representing the TVK Party. He polled 94,320 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Sudhakar. V. of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], by a margin of 27,945 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-04 |title=Gummidipoondi election results 2026: TVK's S. Vijayakumar wins against AIADMK's V. Sudhakar in Gummidipoondi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/news/gummidipoondi-election-results-2026/articleshow/130575538.cms |access-date=2026-05-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-04 |title=Gummidipoondi Election Result 2026 LIVE Updates: Tamil Nadu (Gummidipoondi) Assembly Election Results 2026 Winner, Vote Counting, Runner-up |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/gummidipoondi-election-result-live-updates-tamil-nadu-assembly-election-results-winner-10669467/ |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Tamil Nadu Election Results 2026: Full list of winners and losers candidates from TVK, DMK & AIADMK">{{cite news |date=5 May 2026 |title=Tamil Nadu Election Results 2026: Full list of winners and losers candidates from TVK, DMK & AIADMK |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/tamil-nadu-election-results-2026-full-list-of-winners-and-losers-from-tvk-dmk-aiadmk/articleshow/130763720.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260505183207/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/tamil-nadu-election-results-2026-full-list-of-winners-and-losers-from-tvk-dmk-aiadmk/articleshow/130763720.cms |archive-date=5 May 2026 |access-date=5 May 2026 |publisher=The Times of India}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijayakumar, S.}}
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:People from Tiruvallur district]]

{{TamilNadu-politician-stub}}

Punjab Right to Service Act, 2011

2026-04-24T10:06:26Z

Rishank124: Made New Details

{{Short description|Right to Service Act Punjab}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Orphan|date=October 2016}}

The '''Punjab Right to Service Act, 2011''' is an Act of [[Government of Punjab, India]] that came into force on 20 October 2011. The objective of this Act is to deliver services to the people of the state within time limits.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rtspunjab.gov.in/|title=Right to Service Commission Punjab:Home|website=rtspunjab.gov.in}}</ref> This Act was enacted on the recommendations of [[Punjab Governance Reforms Commission]].

==Services covered under Punjab Right to Service Act, 2011==
The [[Government of Punjab, India|Government of Punjab]] has notified 351 services<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rtspunjab.gov.in/notifiedservics.aspx|title=Right to Service Commission Punjab : Notified Services|website=rtspunjab.gov.in}}</ref> under Punjab Right to Service Act, 2011 vide notification no: 5/27/2014-2GR-2/425953/1 dated 02.03.2015 and no. 5/27/2014-2GR-2 (PF)/668042/1 dated 15.01.2016.Initially number of services covered under the Act was 206 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/punjab-government-notifies-206-services-under-right-to-services-act/articleshow/46503622.cms?intenttarget=no|title=Punjab government notifies 206 services under Right to Services Act|last=PTI|work=The Economic Times |date=9 March 2015|publisher=}}</ref> which was increased to 351 vide above mentioned notification no dated 15-01-2015. As per Act delivery of these services has been made time bound. In case of delay the concerned official(s) will be answerable to the authorities and affected person(s) may appeal to the designated officers/Appellate Authority.For this purpose First Appellate Authority, Second Appellate Authority has also been notified.

===List of Services and Appellate Authorities===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Services and Appellate Authorities
!Serial number !! |Department !! Service !! Given Time Limit (working days) !! Designated Officer !!First Appellate Authority !! Second Appellate Authority
|-
|1.
|'''Revenue'''
|Certified Copies of all manual documents
at Fard Centre level i.e. Record of Rights (Jamabandi), Girdawri, mutation, etc.
|1 day
|Duty Patwari or ASM
of the Fard Centre
|S D M of the Concerned
Sub-Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|2.
|'''Revenue'''
|Certified Copies of all manual documents
at village level if the number of pages <5
|2 day
|Patwari
|S D M of the concerned Sub-
Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|3.
|'''Revenue'''
| Certified copies of all manual
documents at village level if number of pages is 6-14)
|3 days
|Patwari
|S D M of the concerned Sub-
Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|4.
|'''Revenue'''
|Certified Copies of all manual documents at village level if the number of pages sought >15
|7 days
|Patwari
| S D M of the concerned Sub-
Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|5.
|'''Revenue'''
|Demarcation of land
|45 days (where police
help is required within 15 days from the date of orders of Concerned District Magistrate for such police help)
|Circle Revenue Officer
|S D M of the Concerned Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|6.
|'''Revenue'''
|Registration of all kinds of
documents i.e. sale deed, lease
deed, GPA, Partnership Deed etc.
|1 day
|Sub-Registrar or Joint Sub Resitrar
(in case of sub Tehsils)
|S D M of the Concerned Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|7.
|'''Revenue'''
|Certified Copies of all kinds
of registered documents
|7 days
|Sub-Registrar or Joint Sub Resitrar
(in case of sub Tehsils)
|S D M of the Concerned Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|8.
|'''Revenue'''
|Attestation of uncontested
Mutation
|45 days
|Circle Revenue Officer
|S D M of the Concerned Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|9.
|'''Revenue'''
|Private Partition of Land
(mutual consent of landowners)
|30 days
|Circle Revenue Officer
|S D M of the Concerned Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|10.
|'''Revenue'''
|Issue of Income Certificate
|15 days
|Tehsildar of the concerned
Sub-Division
|S D M of the Concerned Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|11.
|'''Revenue'''
|Kandi/Sub Mountainous area/
Border area/ Bet area/ Hindu Dogra/ Community/ Natural heir/dependent Certificate
|15 days
|Tehsildar of the concerned
Sub-Division
|S D M of the Concerned Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|12.
|'''Revenue'''
|Issuance of Non encumbrance
Certificate
|3 days
|Sub-Registrar/ Joint Sub-
Registrar
|S D M of the Concerned Sub-
Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|13
|'''Health'''
|Certified Copies of Birth/
Death Certificates Corporation Cities
|2 days for current year and 5
days for previous years
|Local Registrar, Birth and Death
of the concerned Municipal Corporation
|S D M of the Concerned Sub-
Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|14
|'''Health'''
|Certified Copies of Birth/
Death Certificates- MC Towns
|2 days for current year and 5
days for previous years
|Local Registrar, Birth and Death
of the concerned Municipal Corporation
|S D M of the Concerned Sub-
Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|15
|'''Health'''
|Certified Copies of Birth/
Death Certificates- Rural
Areas
|2 days for current year and 5
days for previous years
|Local Registrar, Birth and Death
of the concerned District
|S D M of the Concerned Sub-
Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|16a.
|'''Health'''
|Late Registration of Birth &
Death and issue of Certificate (after 30 days but within one year)(Urban/Rural)
|15 days
i) 4 days Time for referring case
to S M O / District Registrar by the Concerned Registrar.

ii) 7 days Time for SDM/ or Deputy Registrar to pass orders and send back case to the Concerned Registrar,as the case may be.

iii) 4 days Time for Registration and Issuance of Certificate by the Concerned Registrar.
|Concerned Registrar/District Registrar
|S D M / Additional Deputy Commissioner
(General)
|Deputy Commissioner of the Concerned
District
|-
|16b.
|'''Health'''
|Late Registration of Birth &
Death and issue of Certificate (after one year)(Urban/Rural)
|30 days
i) 4 days Times for referring case to District Registrar by the Concerned Registrar.

ii) 4 days Time for referring case to S D M by the District Registrar.

iii) 15 days Time for Verification/pass orders
and send back case to District Registrar by the office of Sub Divisional Megistrate

iv) 3 days' Time for sending back case to the concerned registrar by District Registrar

v) 4 days time for Issuance of Certificate by the Concerned Registrar
|Concerned Registrar/District Registrar
|S D M / Additional Deputy Commissioner
(General)
|Deputy Commissioner of the Concerned
District
|-
|17.
|'''Health'''
|Birth Certificate (Name Entry and
New Birth Certificate)
|7 days
|Concerned Local/District Registrar
as applicable
|S D M / Additional Deputy Commissioner
(General)
|Deputy Commissioner the Concerned District
|-
|18.
|'''Health'''
|Correction of entry in Birth and Death
Certificate
|15 days
|Concerned Local/District Registrar
as applicable
|S D M / Additional Deputy Commissioner
(General)
|Deputy Commissioner the Concerned District
|-
|19.
|'''Health'''
|Copies of the Post Mortem Report
|3 days
|Senior Medical Officer of the Concerned
Civil Hospital or Medical Superintendent
in case of Medical College
| S D M / Additional Deputy Commissioner
(General)
|Deputy Commissioner the Concerned District
|-
|20.
|'''Health'''
|Copy of interim Medico Legal Report
|2 days
|Senior Medical Officer I/C of District
Hospital or Sub Divisional Hospital of Community Health Centre/Primary Health Centre or Medical Superintendent of the Medical College
|S D M / Additional Deputy Commissioner
Concerned Sub-Division
|Additional Deputy Commissioner (General) /
Deputy Commissioner the Concerned District
|-
|21.
|'''Health'''
|Copy of Complete Medico Legal
Report
|7 days (if expert opinion
or investigation is complete
|Senior Medical Officer I/C of
District Hospital or Sub Divisional Hospital of Community Health Centre/ Primary Health Centre or Medical Superintendent of the Medical Colleges
|Sub Divisional Magistrate of the
Concerned Sub-Division
|Additional Deputy Commissioner (General)
/Deputy Commissioner of the Concerned District
|-
|22.
|'''Health'''
|Issuance of Disability
Certificate Obvious Disability (Loco Motor, Blindness)
|4 days
|Senior Medical Officer I/C of
District Hospital or Sub Divisional Hospital of Community Health Centre or Medical Officer I/C of Primary Health Centre.
|Sub/Divisional Magistrate of the Concerned
Sub Division
|Additional Deputy Commissioner
(General)/Deputy Commissioner of the Concerned District
|-
|23.
|'''Health'''
|Issuance of Single Disability
Certificate
|7 days
|Senior Medical
Officer I/C District Hospital Sub Divisional Hospital & Community Health Centre
|Sub Divisional
Magistrate of the
Concerned SubDivision
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)/Deputy Commissioner of the
Concerned District
|-
|24.
|'''Health'''
|Issuance of Multiple Disability
Certificate
|7 Days (After Completion
of necessary tests etc.)
|Senior Medical
Officer I/C District Hospital and Sub
Divisional Hospital
|Sub Divisional
Magistrate of the Concerned SubDivision
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)/Deputy Commissioner of the
Concerned District
|-
|25.
|'''Health'''
|Emergency Medical Response
(Ambulance at 108)
|20 minutes (Urban)/30
minutes (Rural)
|Deputy Medical
Commissioner Under Health System
Corporation
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|26.
|'''Health'''
|Janani Suraksha Yojana
assistance
|Before the discharge of
mother from Hospital subject to availability of funds
|In-charge Medical
Officer of the Institution
|Sub Divisional
Magistrate of the Concerned Sub-Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|27.
|'''Health'''
|Mata Kaushalya Yojana
Assistance
|Before the discharge of
mother from Hospital subject to availability of funds
|In-charge Medical
Officer of the Institution
|Sub Divisional
Magistrate of the
Concerned Sub-Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|28.
|'''Health'''
|Supply of essential medicine (as
notified by the department for
different Institutions)
|Same day subject to
availability of medicines
|In-charge Medical
Officer of the Institution
|Sub Divisional
Magistrate /
Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|29.
|'''Health'''
|Facility for X-ray / Pathological
Test, vaccination-DT/Polio Anti
Rabies, Anti Venom ( as notified
by the Department for different
institutions)
|Same day subject to
availability of material for
such tests
|In-charge Medical
Officer of the Institution
|Sub Divisional
Magistrate /
Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|30.
|'''Health'''
|Rashtriya Bal Swasthya
Karyakram (RBSK) Regular and
Periodical checkup of 30 diseases
|6 months
|District Nodal Officer
RBSK -cum- District Vaccination Officer
|Civil Surgeon
|Deputy Commissioner
|-
|31.
|'''Health'''
| Issuance of Medical Certificate
|Within 2 days
|Medical Officer
Concerned
|Civil Surgeon
|DC of Concerned District
|-
|32.
|'''Health'''
|Issuance/ Permission/Rejection
of Registration Certificate to
Ultra Sound Centers
|Within 90 days
|SMO
|Civil Surgeon
|Deputy Commissioner
|-
|33.
|'''Health'''
|Issuance of fresh Drug
License/Renewal to Retail
Chemists
|30 days subject to
submission of requisite documentation
|Drug Inspector
notified as Zonal Licensing Authority
of the Districts
|State Drugs Controller
|Commissioner Food and
Drug
|-
|34.
|'''Health'''
|Issuance of fresh Drug
License/Renewal to Wholeseller
Chemists
|45 days subject to
submission of requisite
documentation
|State Drug
Controller/Assistant Drug Controller . Punjab
|Commissioner Food
and Drug
|Principal secretary
Health
|-
|35.
|'''Health'''
|Issuance of fresh Drug License to
Manufacturers
|60 days subject to
submission of requisite
documentation
|State Drug
Controller/Assistant Drug Controller . Punjab
|Commissioner Food
and Drug
|Principal secretary
Health
|-
|36.
|'''Health'''
|Issuance of fresh Drug
License/Renewal to Retail Sale Homeopathic
|30 days subject to
submission of requisite documentation
|Drug Inspector
notified as Zonal Licensing Authority of the Districts
|State Drug Controller
|Commissioner Food and
Drug
|-
|37.
|'''Health'''
|Issuance of fresh Drug
License/Renewal to Retail Sale Homeopathic
|45 days
|State Drug
Controller/Assistant Drug Controller . Punjab
|Commissioner Food
and Drug
|Principal secretary
Health
|-
|38.
|'''Health'''
|Issuance of Drug License to
Manufacturers of Homeopathy medicines
|60 days
|State Drug
Controller/Assistant Drug Controller . Punjab
|Commissioner Food
and Drug
|Principal secretary
Health
|-
|39.
|'''Health'''
|Cosmetic Manufacturing License
|60 days
|State Drug
Controller/Assistant Drug Controller . Punjab
|Commissioner Food
and Drug
|Principal secretary
Health
|-
|40.
|'''Health'''
|Issuance of Drug License to
Manufacturers of Ayurvedic medicines
|3 Months
| Director Ayurveda
|Additional Secretary
Health
|Principal secretary
Health
|-
|41.
|'''Health'''
|Issuance of Registration
Certificate for Food (turnover <Rs. 12 lakh)
|7 days
|Food Safety Officer
|Designated Officer
Food Safety
|Deputy Commissioner
|-
|42.
|'''Health'''
|Issuance of License for Food (turnover >Rs. 12 lakh)
|60 days
|Designated Health
Officer (DHO)
|Joint Commissioner
Food and Drug
|Commissioner Food and
Drug
|-
|43a.
|'''Transport'''
|Registration Certificate of
Vehicles (Non Transport)
|21 days
|Registering Authority
(DTO in case of District HQ and SDM in case of Sub-Division)
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General) of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|43b.
|'''Transport'''
|Registration Certificate of
Vehicles (Transport)
|21 days
|Registering Authority
DTO of the Concerned district
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General) of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|44.
|'''Transport'''
|Fitness Certificate for
Commercial Vehicle
|7 days
|Motor Vehicle
Inspector
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General) of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|45.
|'''Transport'''
|Issue of Driving License - Motor
Car / Motor Cycle
|7 days
|Licensing Authority
(DTO in case of
District HQ and SDM
in case of SubDivision)
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General) of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|46.
|'''Transport'''
|Issue of Tax Clearance
Certificate (for period up to 2 years from date of application)
|7 Days
|Section Officer, DTO
Office
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General) of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|47.
|'''Transport'''
|Issue of Tax Clearance
Certificate (for period beyond 2
years)
|21 days
|Section Officer, DTO
Office
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General) of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|48.
|'''Transport'''
|Issue of Route Permit or National
Permit
|7 Days
|Secretary, Regional
Transport Authority
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General) of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|49.
|'''Transport'''
|Addition / Deletion of Hire
Purchase Entry
|3 Days
|Registering Authority
(DTO in case of
district HQ and SDM in case of Sub-Division
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General) of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|50.
|'''Transport'''
|Transfer of Vehicle (if the place
of registration is the same place)
|7 Days
|Registering Authority
(DTO in case of
district HQ and SDM in case of Sub-Division
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General) of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|51.
|'''Transport'''
| Renewal of Driving License
|7 Days
|Registering Authority(DTO in
case of District HQ and SDM in case of Sub- Division
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|52.
|'''Personnel'''
|Issue of Residence Certificate
etc.
|15 Days
|Tehsildar of the
Concerned SubDivision
|SDM of the Concerned
Sub-Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|53.
|'''Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs'''
|Issuance of NOC for setting up of
Petrol Pump
|35 Days
1.Time for obtaining NOC from various departments by the Office of Licensing
Authority (23 days)

2. Time for action by the
Designated Officer to
deliver the service (12 Days) Total 35 days
|Additional District
Magistrate Or Additional Deputy Commissioner (HQ) in case of Police Commissionerate
|District Magistrate
or Deputy Commissioner of Police in case of Police Commissionerate
|Commissioner of Division
or
Commissioner of Police
|-
|54a.
|'''Housing & Urban Development'''
|Sanction of Building Plans
–Authority, Revised Building Plans (Residential)
|30 days
| SDO Building
|Additional Chief
Administrator
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
/ Deputy Commissioner
|-
|54b.
|'''Housing & Urban Development'''
|Sanction of Building Plans
–Authority, Revised Building Plans (Residential)
|30 days
|SDO Building
|Additional Chief
Administrator
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
/ Deputy Commissioner
|-
|55.
|'''Housing & Urban Development'''
|Issue of Completion / Occupation
Certificate for Building
|15 days
|SDO Building
|Additional Chief
Administrator
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
/ Deputy Commissioner
|-
|56.
|'''Housing & Urban Development'''
|Issue of No Objection Certificate
/ Duplicate Allotment / Reallotment Letter
| 10 days
(No Objection Certificate)
/ 3 days (Duplicate
Allotment letter)/ 10 days
(Re-allotment Letter)
|Superintendent
| Estate Officer
|Additional Chief
Administrator
|-
|57.
|'''Housing & Urban Development'''
|Issue of Conveyance Deed
|15 days
| Estate Officer
|Additional Chief
Administrator
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)/ Deputy Commissioner
|-
|58.
|'''Housing & Urban Development'''
|Issue of No Due Certificate
|5 days
|Account Officer
| Estate Officer
|Additional Chief
Administrator
|-
|59.
|'''Housing & Urban Development'''
|Transfer of Property in case of
sale (NOC)
|10 days
| Superintendent
| Estate Officer
|Additional Chief
Administrator
|-
|60.
|'''Housing & Urban Development'''
|Transfer of property in case of
death (uncontested)

a) All Legal heirs

b) Registered Will

c) Un-Registered Will
|a) 30 days
b) 30 days

c) 45 days
|Estate Officer
|Additional Chief
Administrator
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)/ Deputy Commissioner
|-
|61.
|'''Housing & Urban Development'''
| Issue of permission for mortgage
| 7 days
| Superintendent
|Estate Officer
|Additional Chief
Administrator
|-
|62.
|'''Housing & Urban Development'''
| Attested copy of any Documents
|3 days
|Superintendent
|Additional Chief
Administrator
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)/ Deputy Commissioner
|-
|63.
|'''Housing & Urban Development'''
| Change of Ownership
|5 days
|Estate Officer
|Additional Chief
Administrator
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)/ Deputy Commissioner
|-
|64.
|'''Housing & Urban Development'''
| Demarcation of Plot
|5 days
|Sub Divisional Officer
(Building)
|Additional Chief
Administrator
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)/ Deputy Commissioner
|-
|65.
|'''Housing & Urban Development'''
|Issue of Plinth/Roof Level
Certificate
|7 days
|Sub divisional officer
(Building)
|Additional Chief
Administrator
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)/ Deputy Commissioner
|-
|66.
|'''Housing & Urban Development'''
|Water Supply and Sewerage connection
|7 days
|Sub Divisional Officer
(Public Health)
|Additional Chief
Administrator
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)/ Deputy Commissioner
|-
|67a.
|'''Local Government'''
|Sanction of Building Plans/
Revised Building Plans (Residential) – in Improvement Trust Areas.
|30 days
|Executive Officer of the concerned Improvement Trust
|SDM of the concerned
Sub- Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|67b.
|'''Local Government'''
|Sanction of Building Plans/
Revised Building Plans (Other
than Residential)- in Improvement Trust Areas.
|60 days
|Executive Officer of the concerned Improvement Trust
|SDM of the concerned
Sub- Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|68.
|'''Local Government'''
|Issue of Completion / Occupation
Certificate for Buildings (All
Categories)
|15 days
|Executive Officer of the concerned Improvement Trust
|SDM of the Concerned
Sub-Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|69.
|'''Local Government'''
|Issue of No Objection Certificate
/ Duplicate Allotment / Reallotment
Letter
|21 days
|Executive Officer of the concerned Improvement Trust
|SDM of the Concerned
Sub-Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|70.
|'''Local Government'''
|Issue of Conveyance Deed
|15 days
|Executive Officer of the concerned Improvement Trust
|SDM of the Concerned
Sub-Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|71.
|'''Local Government'''
|Issue of No Due Certificate
|7 days
|Executive Officer of the concerned Improvement Trust
|SDM of the Concerned
Sub-Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|72.
|'''Local Government'''
|Transfer of property in case of
sale
|15 days
|Executive Officer of the concerned Improvement Trust
|SDM of the Concerned
Sub-Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|73.
|'''Local Government'''
|Transfer of property in case of
death (uncontested)
|45 days
|Executive Officer of the concerned Improvement Trust
|SDM of the Concerned
Sub-Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|74.
|'''Local Government'''
|Issue of permission for mortgage
|7 days
|Executive Officer of the concerned Improvement Trust
|SDM of the Concerned
Sub-Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|75a.
|'''Local Government'''
|Sanction of Building Plans/
Revised Building Plans
(Residential)-in Municipal
\ Corporation Cities and in Municipal Council Towns
|30 days
|Commissioner of the
Concerned Municipal Corporation in
Corporation Cities and Executive Officer Of the Concerned Municipal Council in the Municipal Towns
|Deputy Commissioner
of the concerned District in case of
Corporation Cities and SDM of the concerned
Sub- Division in case of Municipal Towns
|Commissioner of the concerned Division and Deputy Commissioner of the concerned District
|-
|75b.
|'''Local Government'''
|Sanction of Building Plans/
Revised Building Plans (Other
than Residential)-in Municipal Corporation Cities and in Municipal Council Towns
|60 days
|Commissioner of the
Concerned Municipal Corporation in
Corporation Cities and Executive Officer Of

the Concerned Municipal Council in the Municipal Towns
|Deputy Commissioner
of the concerned District in case of Corporation Cities and SDM of the concerned Sub-Division in case of Municipal Towns
|Commissioner of the concerned Division and Deputy Commissioner of the concerned District
|-
|76.
|'''Local Government'''
|Issue of Completion / Occupation
Certificate for Buildings (All Categories)-in Corporation Cities and

Municipal Council Towns
|30 days
|Commissioner of the
Concerned Municipal Corporation in
Corporation Cities and Executive Officer Of

the Concerned Municipal Council in the Municipal Towns
|Deputy Commissioner
of the concerned District in case of Corporation Cities and SDM of the concerned Sub-Division in case of Municipal Towns
|Commissioner of the concerned Division and Deputy Commissioner of the concerned District
|-
|77.
|'''Local Government'''
|Sanction of Water Supply /
Sewerage Connection in Corporation Cities
|7 days
|Executive Engineer
(O& M) of the Concerned Municipal Corporation
|SDM of the Concerned
Sub-Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|78.
|'''Local Government'''
|Sanction of Water Supply /
Sewerage Connection in M.C. Towns
|7 days
|Assistant Municipal
Engineer of the
concerned Municipal Council
|SDM of the Concerned
District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|79.
|'''Local Government'''
|Issue of Conveyance Deed in
Municipal Committees and Municipal Corporations
|15 days
|Executive Officer of
Municipal Committees or Assistant Commissioners of Concerned Municipal Corporations
|Sub Divisional Magistrate of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|80.
|'''Local Government'''
|Sanction of Water
Supply/Sewerage connection in the Improvement Trusts
|7 days
|Executive Officer of
Concerned Improvement Trust
|Sub Divisional Magistrate of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|81.
|'''Local Government'''
|Issuance/ Renewal of Trade
License by Municipal Committees and Municipal Corporations
|12 days
|Superintendent of
the Concerned Municipal Committees or Municipal Corporations
|Sub Divisional Magistrate of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|82.
|'''Local Government'''
|Removal of Solid waste from
streets/roads
|2 days
|Executive Officer
|Sub Divisional
Magistrate of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|83.
|'''Local Government'''
|Replacement of Street lights
|10 days
|Executive Officer
|Sub Divisional
Magistrate of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|84.
|'''Local Government'''
|Water pipes leakages/Sewerage/
Blocked/Over flow
|24 hours
|Executive Officer
|SDM of the Concerned
District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|85a.
|'''Local Government'''
|Change of Title in Water &
Sewerage Bill/Water & Sewerage Bill
Amendment
|7 days
|Additional/ Joint Commissioner in case of Municipal Corporations & EO in case of Municipal Committees/Improvement Trusts
|Commissioner, MC in case of Municipal Corporations & SDM of the Concerned Sub-Division in case of Municipal Committees
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|85b.
|'''Local Government'''
|Approval of Water Disconnection/
Reconnection
|7 days
|Additional/ Joint Commissioner in case of Municipal Corporations & EO in case of Municipal Committees/Improvement Trusts
|Commissioner, MC in case of Municipal Corporations & SDM of the Concerned Sub-Division in case of Municipal Committees
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|85c.
|'''Local Government'''
|Approval of Sewerage
Disconnection / Reconnection
|7 days
|Additional/ Joint Commissioner in case of Municipal Corporations & EO in case of Municipal Committees/Improvement Trusts
|Commissioner, MC in case of Municipal Corporations & SDM of the Concerned Sub-Division in case of Municipal Committees
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|86.
|'''Local Government'''
|License for Slaughterhouse
|30 days
|Additional/ Joint Commissioner in case of Municipal Corporations & EO in case of Municipal Committees/Improvement Trusts
|Commissioner, MC in case of Municipal Corporations & SDM of the Concerned Sub-Division in case of Municipal Committees
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|87.
|'''Local Government'''
|Approval of Additional
Construction
|30 days
|Additional/ Joint Commissioner in case of Municipal Corporations & EO in case of Municipal Committees/Improvement Trusts
|Commissioner, MC in case of Municipal Corporations & SDM of the Concerned Sub-Division in case of Municipal Committees
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|88.
|'''Local Government'''
|Sanction of Change of Land Use
|60 days
|Additional/ Joint Commissioner in case of Municipal Corporations & EO in case of Municipal Committees/Improvement Trusts
|Commissioner, MC in case of Municipal Corporations & SDM of the Concerned Sub-Division in case of Municipal Committees
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|89.
|'''Local Government'''
|Issue of NOC for Fire Safety
|30 days
|Additional/ Joint Commissioner in case of Municipal Corporations & EO in case of Municipal Committees/Improvement Trusts
|Commissioner, MC in case of Municipal Corporations & SDM of the Concerned Sub-Division in case of Municipal Committees
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|90a.
|'''Local Government'''
|Conveying the Assessment
regarding Property Tax
|One hour or immediately
when deposited
|Additional/ Joint Commissioner in case of Municipal Corporations & EO in case of Municipal Committees/Improvement Trusts
|Commissioner, MC in case of Municipal Corporations & SDM of the Concerned Sub-Division in case of Municipal Committees
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|90b.
|'''Local Government'''
|Collection of property tax
|One hour or immediately
when deposited
|Additional/ Joint Commissioner in case of Municipal Corporations & EO in case of Municipal Committees/Improvement Trusts
|Commissioner, MC in case of Municipal Corporations & SDM of the Concerned Sub-Division in case of Municipal Committees
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|91.
|'''Local Government'''
|Issue of Bus Pass (for buses
operated by the ULB)
|Same day
|Additional/ Joint Commissioner in case of Municipal Corporations & EO in case of Municipal Committees/Improvement Trusts
|Commissioner, MC in case of Municipal Corporations & SDM of the Concerned Sub-Division in case of Municipal Committees
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|92.
|'''Local Government'''
|Issuance of Possession Letters
|30 days after allotment
letter of sold property
|Additional/ Joint Commissioner in case of Municipal Corporations & EO in case of Municipal Committees/Improvement Trusts
|Commissioner, MC in case of Municipal Corporations & SDM of the Concerned Sub-Division in case of Municipal Committees
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|93.
|'''Local Government'''
|Issuance of Allotment Letters
|60 days after auction /sold
|Additional/ Joint Commissioner in case of Municipal Corporations & EO in case of Municipal Committees/Improvement Trusts
|Commissioner, MC in case of Municipal Corporations & SDM of the Concerned Sub-Division in case of Municipal Committees
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|94.
|'''Local Government'''
|Approval for time extension for
building plans
|15 days
|Additional/ Joint Commissioner in case of Municipal Corporations & EO in case of Municipal Committees/Improvement Trusts
|Commissioner, MC in case of Municipal Corporations & SDM of the Concerned Sub-Division in case of Municipal Committees
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|95.
|'''Rural Water Supply & Sanitation'''
|Sanction of Water Supply
Connection
|7 days
|Sub-Divisional Engineer
|SDM of the Concerned
Sub-Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|96a.
|'''Social Security'''
|Sanction of all social security
benefits to old age/ handicapped / widow (Urban Areas)
|30 days for the first time
|Executive Officer of the Municipal Council/Nagar Panchayat or SubDivisional Magistrate
|Additional Deputy Commissioner (General) of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|96b.
|'''Social Security'''
|Sanction of all social security
benefits to old age/ handicapped / widow (Rural Areas)
|30 days for the first time
|Child Development Project Officer or District Social Security Officer
|Additional Deputy Commissioner (General) of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|97.
|'''Social Security'''
|Disbursement of old age/
handicapped / widow/ other pension and benefits -New Cases
|30 days from the date of
sanction
subject to availability of
funds
|District Social Security Officer/CDPO
|Additional Deputy Commissioner (General) of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|98.
|'''Social Security''''
|Issue of Identity Cards to all
categories of Handicapped persons
|7 days
|District Social Security Officer
|Additional Deputy Commissioner (General) of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|99.
|'''Social Security'''
|Senior Citizen's I. Cards
|One week
|District Social Security Officer
|Additional Deputy Commissioner (General) of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|100.
|'''Social Security'''
|Sanction of Scholarship to
physically challenged
|30 days
|District Social Security Officer
|Additional Deputy Commissioner (General) of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|101.
|'''Social Security'''
|Disbursement of scholarship to
physically challenged -New
Cases
|30 days from the date of
sanction subject to availability of
funds
|District Social
Security Officer
|Additional Deputy Commissioner (General) of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|102.
|'''Social Security'''
|Sanction of financial assistance
to Dependent Children (Urban) area
|30 days for the first time
|Executive officer of the municipal council/Nagar Panchayat or SubDivisional Magistrate
|Additional Deputy Commissioner (General) of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|103.
|'''Social Security'''
|Sanction of financial assistance
to Dependent Children (Rural Areas)
|30 days for the first time
|Child Development Project officer of District social Security Officer
|Additional Deputy Commissioner (General) of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|104.
|'''Social Security'''
|Sanction of National Family
Benefit Scheme (Rural and Urban area)
|30 Days
|District Social Security Officer of the Concerned District
|Additional Deputy Commissioner (General) of the Concerned District
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|105.
|'''Welfare of S.C.'s and B.C.'s'''
|Issue of various Certificates like
Caste, OBC etc.
|15 days
|Tehsildar of the Concerned SubDivision
|SDM of the Concerned
Sub-Division
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|106
|'''Welfare of S.C.'s and B.C.'s '''
|Sanction of stipends/ Scholarship
|1(one) Month
|District Welfare Officer
|Additional Deputy Commissioner
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|107a.
|'''Welfare of S.C.'s and B.C.'s'''
|Sanction of Stipend etc.-new
cases
|60 days from date of
application sanction
|District Welfare
Officer
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|107b.
|'''Welfare of S.C.'s and B.C.'s '''
|Disbursement of Stipend etc.-
new cases
|60 days from the date of
sanction subject to
availability of funds.
|District Welfare
Officer
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|108.
|'''Welfare of S.C.'s and B.C.'s'''
|Supply of Text Books
|15 days before the start of
school classes
|District Welfare
Officer
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|109.
|'''Welfare of S.C.'s and B.C.'s'''
|Term Loan to SC
|Grant Based Scheme
i) For Sanction of loan:
within 45 days after submission of required paper in all respect

ii) For disbursement of loans: within 60 days after release of funds by the Govt and further, after submission of the required papers (Mortgage)
|Executive director
|Chairman
|Secretary, Welfare
|-
|110
|'''Welfare of S.C.'s and B.C.'s'''
|Term Loan to BC
|Grant Based Scheme
i) For Sanction of loan: within 45 days after submission of required paper in all respect

ii) For disbursement of loans: within 60 days after release of funds by the Govt and further, after submission of the required
papers (Mortgage)
|Executive director
|Chairman
|Secretary, Welfare
|-
|111.
|'''Welfare of S.C.'s and B.C.'s'''
|Shagun Scheme
|i) For sanction of case :
within 45 days after submission of the required papers in all respect

ii) For disbursement of Financial Assistance, within 30 days subject to the availability of funds
|District Welfare Officer Director, Welfare
|Secretary, Welfare
|-
|112.
|'''Home'''
|Registration of Marriage under
Hindu Marriage Act
|2 days from the expiry of
15 days notice period as provided in the Hindu Marriage Act.
|Tehsildar of the Concerned SubDivision
|SDM of the Concerned Sub-Division
|Deputy Commissioner of the Concerned District
|-
|113a.
|'''Home'''
|Renewal of Arms License.
|22 Days
(i). 2 days Time for
referring case to the Police

by the DC office.

(ii)15 days Time for verification by the police.

(iii) 5 days Time for delivery of services by the Designated Officer after Verification
|Licensing authority (Addl. DM of the
District/ Addl. Deputy Commissioner of Police (HQ)in case of police
Commissionerate
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district / Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the Concerned Division/ Commissioner of Police in case of Commissionerate
|-
|113b.
|'''Home'''
|Renewal in case of licensee has
shifted his residence from the
license issuing district to another
district
|30 Days
(i).5 days for the forwarding district to the original license issuing
district.

(ii) 20 days for sending verification report by the original license issuing district to the forwarding district.

(iii). 5 days for delivery of service by the forwarding
|Licensing Authority
(Addl. DM of the District / Addl. Deputy Commissioner of Police (HQ) in case of police Commissionerate
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district / Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the Concerned Division/ Commissioner of Police in case of Commissionerate
|-
|113c.
|'''Home'''
|Renewal of Arms License in the
case where an adverse report is received from the police and an opportunity of being heard has to be given to the Licensee before taking any action as provided under the Arms Act.
|Additional 60 days
|Licensing Authority
(Addl. DM of the District / Addl. Deputy Commissioner of Police (HQ) in case of police Commissionerate
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district / Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the Concerned Division/ Commissioner of Police in case of Commissionerate
|-
|113d.
|'''Home'''
|Renewal of Arms License (In the
case where the applicant applies
for renewal after the due date)
|40 days
(i) 3 days Time for
referring case to the Police by Licensing Authority Office.

(ii) 15 days Time for
verification by the police.

(iii) Additional 15 days for providing an opportunity of personal hearing by the Licensing Authority.

(iv) 7 days Time for

delivery of services by the Degignated Officer.
|Licensing Authority
(Addl. DM of the District / Addl. Deputy Commissioner of Police (HQ) in case of police Commissionerate
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district / Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the Concerned Division/ Commissioner of Police in case of Commissionerate
|-
|114a.
|'''Home'''
|Addition / Deletion of weapon (if
the licence issuing district is the same where service has been sought)
|7 days from the expiry of
the mandatory notice period of 45 days as provided under the Arms act.
|Licensing Authority
(Addl. DM of the District / Addl. Deputy Commissioner of Police (HQ) in case of police Commissionerate
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district / Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the Concerned Division/Commissioner of Police
|-
|114b.
|'''Home'''
|Entry of Weapon on Arms License
|7 days
|Licensing Authority
(Addl. DM of the District / Addl. Deputy Commissioner of Police (HQ) in case of police Commissionerate
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district / Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the Concerned Division/Commissioner of Police
|-
|115.
|'''Home'''
|Extension of purchase period of
weapon, (within permissible time period and if the license issuing district is the same where service has been sought)
|7 days
|Licensing Authority
(Addl. DM of the District / Addl. Deputy Commissioner of Police (HQ) in case of police Commissionerate
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district / Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the Concerned Division/Commissioner of Police
|-
|116.
|'''Home'''
|Registration of Foreigners
(Arrival and Departure)
|Immediate
|Additional Deputy Commissioner of police (Hq.) of the Police Commissionerate or Superintendent of Police (Hq) of the Concerned Police
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district / Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the Concerned Division/Commissioner of Police
|-
|117.
|'''Home'''
|Extension of Residential Permit
of Foreigners
|5 days
|Additional Deputy Commissioner of police (Hq.) of the Police Commissionerate or Superintendent of Police (Hq) of the Concerned Police
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district / Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of Police or Deputy Inspector General of Police of the Range
|-
|118.
|'''Home'''
|Copy of FIR or DDR
|Immediate/ Online
|Station House Officer of the Concerned Police Station or In-charge of Community Policing Saanjh Centre at the Sub-Division
|DSP In-charge of Sub
division
|Commissioner of Police or Senior Superintendent of Police
|-
|119
|'''Home'''
|NOC for use of loud speakers
(applicable only in case of S.D.M.
obtains N.O.C. from the
Concerned S.H.O before granting
permission)
|5 days
|Station House Officer of the Concerned Police Station or In-charge of Community Policing Saanjh Centre at the Sub-Division
|DSP In-charge of Sub
division
|Commissioner of Police or Senior Superintendent of Police
|-
|120.
|'''Home'''
|NOC for Fairs / Melas /
Exhibitions / Sports Events etc.
|5 days
|Station House Officer of the Concerned Police Station or In-charge of Community Policing Saanjh Centre at the Sub-Division
|DSP In-charge of Sub
division
|Commissioner of Police or Senior Superintendent of Police
|-
|121
|'''Home'''
|Stranger Verification (after
receiving the verification from
other District / State of which the
stranger is resident)
|5 days
|Station House Officer of the Concerned Police Station or In-charge of Community Policing Saanjh Centre at the Sub-Division
|DSP In-charge of Sub
division
|Commissioner of Police or Senior Superintendent of Police

|-
|122
|'''Home'''
|Tenant / Servant Verification (if
resident of local area)
|5 days
|Station House Officer of the Concerned Police Station or In-charge of Community Policing Saanjh Centre at the Sub-Division
|DSP In-charge of Sub
division
|Commissioner of Police or Senior Superintendent of Police

|-
|123
|'''Home'''
|Tenant / Servant Verification (if
resident of other District / State
and after receiving the
verification from other District /
State)
|5 days
|Station House Officer of the Concerned Police Station or In-charge of Community Policing Saanjh Centre at the Sub-Division
|DSP In-charge of Sub division
|Commissioner of Police or Senior Superintendent of Police

|-
|124
|'''Home'''
|Other Verification related services
|30 days
|Station House Officer of the Concerned Police Station or In-charge of Community Policing Saanjh Centre at the Sub-Division
|DSP In-charge of Sub
division
|Commissioner of Police or Senior Superintendent of Police

|-
|125
|'''Home'''
|Copy of untraced report in road
accident cases
|45 days
|Station House Officer of the Concerned Police Station or In-charge of Community Policing Saanjh Centre at the Sub-Division
|DSP In-charge of Sub division
|Commissioner of Police or Senior Superintendent of Police

|-
|126
|'''Home'''
|Copy of untraced report in cases
pertaining to stolen vehicles
|45 days
|Station House Officer of the Concerned Police Station or In-charge of Community Policing Saanjh Centre at the Sub-Division
|DSP In-charge of Sub division
|Commissioner of Police or Senior Superintendent of Police

|-
|127
|'''Home'''
|Copy of untraced report in theft cases
|60 days
|Station House Officer of the Concerned Police Station or In-charge of Community Policing Saanjh Centre at the Sub-Division
|DSP In-charge of Sub division
|Commissioner of Police or Senior Superintendent of Police

|-
|128
|'''Home'''
|NOC for pre-owned vehicles
|5 days
|Station House Officer of the Concerned Police Station or In-charge of Community Policing Saanjh Centre at the Sub-Division
|DSP In-charge of Sub division
|Commissioner of Police or Senior Superintendent of Police
|-
|129
|'''Home'''
|Police Record checking (For
newly appointed persons in
government and semi
government departments)
|10 days
|Assistant Commissioner of
Police Sub- Division or Deputy Superintendent of Police Sub- Division
|Deputy Commissioner of Police
or Senior Superintendent of Police
|Commissioner of Police or Deputy Inspector General of Police of the Range
|-
|130
|'''Home'''
|Police Clearance Certificate (For
private employment etc.)
|10 days
|Assistant Commissioner of
Police Sub- Division or Deputy Superintendent of Police Sub- Division
|Deputy Commissioner of Police
or Senior Superintendent of Police
|Commissioner of Police or Deputy Inspector General of Police of the Range
|-
|131
|'''Home'''
|NOC for issuance / renewal of
License of Arms Dealers
|15 days
|Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police (Hq.) of the Police Commissionerate or Superintendent of Police (Hq.) of the Concerned Police
|Deputy Commissioner of Police
or Senior Superintendent of Police
|Commissioner of Police or Deputy Inspector General of Police of the Range
|-
|132
|'''Home'''
|Issuance of NOC for setting up of
Cinema Hall
|30 days
i)Time for obtaining NOC from various department
by the office of Deputy Commissioner or Police Commissionerate (15 days).

ii)Time for action by Deputy Commissioner office to deliver the service (15 days).
|Addl. District Magistrate
or Additional Deputy Commissioner (HQ) in case of Police Commissionerate
|District Magistrate or Deputy Commissioner of Police in case of Police Commissionerate
|Commissioner of Division or Commissioner of Police
|-
|133
|'''Home'''
|Police Record Checking of
Passport Applicants
|21 Days
|Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police (HQ) or Superintendent of Police (HQ)
|Deputy Commissioner of Police
or Sr. Superintendent of Police
|Commissioner of Police or Inspector General of Police Zone
|-
|134
|'''Home'''
|Verification for fresh Arms
License
|30 days
|Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police (HQ) or Superintendent of Police (HQ)
|Deputy Commissioner of Police
or Sr. Superintendent of Police
|Commissioner of Police or Inspector General of Police Zone
|-
|135
|'''Home'''
|Acknowledgement of Complaint
|Same day when the
complaint is received by the Designated Officer through any source.
|Station House officer
|DSP In-charge of the sub division
|Commissioner of Police or Senior Superintendent of Police
|-
|136
|'''Home'''
|Status report of complaints
|21 days
|Station House officer
|DSP In-charge of the sub division
|Commissioner of Police or Senior Superintendent of Police
|-
|137
|'''Home'''
|Issuance of Marriageability
Certificate
|45 Days including
statutory notice 15 days after statutory notice
|District Magistrate
|Divisional Commissioner
|Principal secretary (Home)
|-
|138
|'''Home'''
|Solemnization of Marriage under
Special Marriage Act, 1954
|45 Days including
statutory notice 15 days after statutory notice
|District Magistrate
|Divisional Commissioner
|Principal secretary (Home)
|-
|139
|'''Home'''
|Registration of Marriage under the Punjab Compulsory Registration of Marriage Act, 2012
|7 Days
|Registrar (Tehsildar)
|SDM
|Deputy Commissioner
|-
|140
|'''Home'''
|MRG Enquiry in case of loss of
passport abroad
|21 Days
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner of Police (H.Q.) in Commissionerate Districts and Superintendent of Police (H.Q.) in other districts
|Deputy Commissioner of Police in Commissionerate Districts and
Senior Superintendent of Police, in other districts
|Commissioner of Police in Commissionerate Districts and Inspector General of Police Zone, in other districts
|-
|141
|'''Home'''
|Other services related with
passport. (Report for loss of
passport, Nativity Certificate )
|21 days
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner of Police (H.Q.) in Commissionerate Districts and Superintendent of Police (H.Q.) in other districts
|Deputy Commissioner of Police in Commissionerate Districts and
Senior Superintendent of Police, in other districts
|Commissioner of Police in Commissionerate Districts and Inspector General of Police Zone, in other districts
|-
|142
|'''Home'''
|Countersigning of Document
|7 Days
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner of Police (H.Q.) in Commissionerate Districts and Superintendent of Police (H.Q.) in other districts
|Deputy Commissioner of Police in Commissionerate Districts and
Senior Superintendent of Police, in other districts
|Commissioner of Police in Commissionerate Districts and Inspector General of Police Zone, in other districts
|-
|143a.
|'''Home'''
|Issuance of New Arms License
|30 days
2 Working days for
referring case to the Police
by the Licensing Authority.
i) 23 Working
days for verification by the
Police.
5 Working days for
delivery of the service by
the Designated Officer
after verification.
|Licensing authority
(Addl. DM of the District/ Addl. Deputy Commissioner of Police (HQ) in case of police Commissionerate
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district/ Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the concerned Division / Commissioner of Police in case of Commissionerate
|-
|143b.
|'''Home'''
|Issuance of Duplicate Arms
License
|10 Days
|Licensing Authority
(Addl. DM of the
district / Addl. Deputy Commissioner of Police (H.Q.) in case of Police
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district/ Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the concerned Division / Commissioner of Police
|-
|143c.
|'''Home'''
|NOC for Sale of Weapon
|10 Days
|Licensing authority
(Addl. DM of the District/ Addl. Deputy Commissioner of Police (HQ) in case of police Commissionerate
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district/ Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the concerned Division / Commissioner of Police
|-
|143d.
|'''Home'''
|Application for Extension of
Jurisdiction (Punjab)
|10 Days
|Licensing Authority
(Addl. DM of the district / Addl. Deputy Commissioner of Police (H.Q.) in case of Police
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district/ Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the concerned Division / Commissioner of Police
|-
|143e.
|'''Home'''
|Cancellation of Arms License on
the request of the licensee
|30 Days
|Licensing Authority
(Addl. DM of the district / Addl. Deputy Commissioner of Police (H.Q.) in case of Police
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district/ Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the concerned Division / Commissioner of Police
|-
|143f.
|'''Home'''
|Change of Address in Arms
License
|30 Days
|Licensing Authority
(Addl. DM of the district / Addl. Deputy Commissioner of Police (H.Q.) in case of Police
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district/ Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the concerned Division / Commissioner of Police
|-
|143g.
|'''Home'''
|Appointment of Retainer of
Weapon
|15 days
|Licensing Authority
(Addl. DM of the district / Addl. Deputy Commissioner of Police (H.Q.) in case of Police
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district/ Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the concerned Division / Commissioner of Police
|-
|143h.
|'''Home'''
|Addition/Deletion of Retainer in
Arms License
|30 Days
|Licensing Authority
(Addl. DM of the district / Addl. Deputy Commissioner of Police (H.Q.) in case of Police
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district/ Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the concerned Division / Commissioner of Police
|-
|143i.
|'''Home'''
|Change of Bore
|10 Days
|Licensing Authority
(Addl. DM of the district / Addl. Deputy Commissioner of Police (H.Q.) in case of Police
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district/ Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the concerned Division / Commissioner of Police
|-
|143j.
|'''Home'''
|Permission for Deposit of weapon
in death Case
|1 Day
|Licensing Authority
(Addl. DM of the district / Addl. Deputy Commissioner of Police (H.Q.) in case of Police
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district/ Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the concerned Division / Commissioner of Police
|-
|143k.
|'''Home'''
|Permission for sale / transfer of
Weapon in Death Case
|30 Days
|Licensing Authority
(Addl. DM of the district / Addl. Deputy Commissioner of Police (H.Q.) in case of Police
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district/ Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the concerned Division / Commissioner of Police
|-
|143l.
|'''Home'''
|Permission of addition of
Cartridges
|10 days
|Licensing authority
(Addl. DM of the District/ Addl. Deputy Commissioner of Police (HQ) in case of police Commissionerate
|District Magistrate of the Concerned district/ Deputy Commissioner of Police
|Commissioner of the concerned Division / Commissioner of Police
|-
|144
|'''Agriculture/Mandi Board'''
|Supply of Soil Sample Results
|7 days
|Agriculture Officer Incharge
|Sub Divisional
Magistrate of the
Concerned Sub
Division
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)/Deputy
Commissioner of the
Concerned District
|-
|145
|'''Agriculture/Mandi Board'''
|Issue of NOC/Duplicate
Allotment/Re-Allotment
|21 days
|Estate Officer Punjab
Mandi Board
|Additional Director (Estate)
|Secretary Punjab Mandi Board
|-
|146
|'''Agriculture/Mandi Board'''
|Issue of Conveyance Deed
|15 days
|Estate Officer Punjab
Mandi Board
|Additional Director (Estate)
|Secretary Punjab Mandi Board
|-
|147
|'''Agriculture/Mandi Board'''
|Issue of No Due Certificate
|15 days
|Estate Officer Punjab
Mandi Board
|Additional Director (Estate)
|Secretary Punjab Mandi Board
|-
|148
|'''Agriculture/Mandi Board'''
|Re-transfer of property in Case
of Sale
|15 days
|Estate Officer Punjab
Mandi Board
|Additional Director (Estate)
|Secretary Punjab Mandi Board
|-
|149
|'''Agriculture/Mandi Board'''
|Re-transfer of property in Case
of Death (Uncontested)
|45 days
|Estate Officer Punjab
Mandi Board
|Additional Director (Estate)
|Secretary Punjab Mandi Board
|-
|150
|'''Agriculture/Mandi Board'''
|Issue of N.O.C for Mortgage
|15 days
|Estate Officer Punjab
Mandi Board
|Additional Director (Estate)
|Secretary Punjab Mandi Board
|-
|151
|'''Agriculture/Mandi Board'''
|Issue of J-form to farmers
|3 days
|Secretary Market Committee
|Sub Divisional Magistrate of the Concerned SubDivision
|Additional Deputy Commissioner (General)/Deputy Commissioner of the Concerned District
|-
|152
|'''Agriculture/Mandi Board'''
|Providing Financial Aid (Exgratia)
to cultivators for any injury or
death during farming operations
|3 months from date of
application
|Secretary Market Committee
|Sub Divisional Magistrate of the Concerned SubDivision
|Additional Deputy Commissioner (General)/Deputy Commissioner of the Concerned District
|-
|153
|'''Agriculture/Mandi Board'''
|Issue of I.Card to farmers for
participation of Apni Mandi
|15 days
|In Chandigarh
Secretary Apni Mandi In Punjab Secretary Market Committees
|In Chandigarh
General Manager (Project) In Punjab Sub-Divisional Magistrate of the
Concerned SubDivision
|In Chandigarh Secretary Punjab Mandi Board In Punjab Additional Deputy Commissioner (General)/Deputy Commissioner of the Concerned District.
|-
|154
|'''Agriculture/Mandi Board'''
|Issuance and renewal of license
for sale of seeds/ fertilizers/
insecticides
|24 Days
|Chief Agriculture Office
|Joint Director, Agriculture (HYVP, Inputs and PP)
|Director, Agriculture Punjab
|-
|155
|'''Agriculture/Mandi Board'''
|Addition of Godown in
seeds/fertilizers/ insecticides
licenses
|24 Days
|Chief Agriculture
Officer
|Joint Director, Agriculture (HYVP, Inputs and PP)
|Director, Agriculture Punjab
|-
|156
|'''Agriculture/Mandi Board'''
|Issuance of Duplicate agricultural
license of
seeds/fertilizers/insecticides
|24 Days
|Chief Agriculture
Officer
|Joint Director, Agriculture (HYVP, Inputs and PP)
|Director, Agriculture Punjab
|-
|157
|'''Agriculture/Mandi Board'''
|Addition/amendment of item in
license for
Seeds/fertilizers/insecticides
|15 Days
|Chief Agriculture
Officer
|Joint Director, Agriculture (HYVP, Inputs and PP)
|Director, Agriculture Punjab
|-
|158
|'''Animal Husbandry,Fisheries &Dairy Dev. (Gadvasu University)'''
|Supply of Medicine/ Vaccines at
designated Hospital as decided
by Govt.
|Same day, subject to
availability of Medicines/
Vaccines and Funds
|Veterinary Doctor Incharge
|Sub Divisional
Magistrate of the
Concerned SubDivision
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)/Deputy Commissioner of the
|-
|159
|'''Animal Husbandry,Fisheries &Dairy Dev. (Gadvasu University)'''
|To provide artificial insemination
subject to availability of semen
|Same Day
|Veterinary Doctor
|Senior Veterinary Doctor In charge (SVO)
|Deputy Commissioner
|-
|160
|'''Animal Husbandry,Fisheries &Dairy Dev. (Gadvasu University)'''
|Issue of veterinary health
certificate to livestock owner
|3 Days
|Veterinary Doctor
|Senior Veterinary Doctor (SVO)
|Deputy Commissioner
|-
|161.a
|'''School Education'''
|School Leaving Certificate :
Affiliated Schools & Boards
Adarsh Schools
|7 days
|Headmaster/Headmistress/Principal
|District Education Officer Concerned
|Secretary to PSEB
|-
|161.b
|'''School Education'''
|Government Schools/Aided
Schools
|7 days
|Headmaster/Headmistress/Principal
|District Education Officer Concerned
|DPI(S)
|-
|162.a
|'''School Education'''
|Issuance of Duplicate Certificate
|20 days
|Superintendent (duplicate Certificate Branch) PSEB
|Deputy Director/Deputy
|Secretary Computer
Secretary of the Education Board
|-
|162.b
|'''School Education'''
|Duplicate Certificate with change
in particulars e.g. correction in
DOB, Mother's name, Father's
name etc.
|45 days
|Superintendent (duplicate Certificate Branch) PSEB
|Deputy
Director/Deputy Secretary Computer
|Secretary of the Education Board
|-
|163.a
|'''School Education'''
|Issuance of Original Migration
Certificate/Detailed Marks Cards.
|15 days
|Superintendent (Examination Branch) PSEB
|Deputy
Director/Deputy Secretary (Examination)
|Secretary of the Education Board
|-
|163.b
|'''School Education'''
|Verification of Certificates
|21 days
|Superintendent
(Verification Branch) PSEB
|Deputy Director/Deputy Secretary (Computer)
|Secretary of the Education Board
|-
|164
|'''School Education'''
|Publication of Text Books
|4 Months
|Chairman, Punjab
School Education Board
|Principal secretary School Education
|Chief secretary
|-
|165
|'''Higher Education/Animal Husbandry, Fisheries &Dairy Dev. (Gadvasu University)'''
|Issuance of Duplicate Certificate
|30 days
|Registrar
|Vice Chancellor
|Principal secretary, Higher Education / Financial Commissioner, Development in case of Gadvasu university
|-
|166
|'''Higher Education/Animal Husbandry, Fisheries &Dairy Dev. (Gadvasu University)'''
|Issuance of Original Migration
Certificate/Detailed Marks Cards/
Verifications of Documents
|15 days
|Registrar
|Vice Chancellor
|Principal secretary, Higher Education / Financial Commissioner, Development in case of Gadvasu university
|-
|167
|'''Higher Education/Animal Husbandry,Fisheries &Dairy Dev. (Gadvasu University)'''
|Degrees of Successful
Candidates
|By 31 October every year
|Registrar
|Vice Chancellor
|Principal secretary, Higher Education / Financial Commissioner, Development in case of Gadvasu university
|-
|168
|'''Industries/Punja b Small Industries & Export Corporation Limited'''
|Sanction of Water Supply and
Sewerage Connection
|10 days
|Executive Engineer
|Sub Divisional Magistrate / Additional Deputy Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|169
|'''Industries/Punjab Small Industries & Export Corporation Limited'''
|Mortgage Ist Charge
|15 days
|Chief General
Manager (Estate)
|Sub Divisional Magistrate / Additional Deputy Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|170
|'''Industries/Punjab Small Industries & Export Corporation Limited'''
|Registration of
Lease/Conveyance Deed
|15 days
|Estate Officer
|Sub Divisional Magistrate / Additional Deputy Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|171
|'''Industries/Punjab Small Industries & Export Corporation Limited'''
|Conversion from lease to Free hold
|30 days
|Managing Director
|Director Industries
|Principal secretary
Industries & Commerce
|-
|172
|'''Power/ Electricity'''
|Normal fuse off call/complaint
|Cities and towns/ urban areas- within 4 hours.
Rural Area:- Within 8 hours
|Concerned Lineman
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|173
|'''Power/ Electricity '''
|Overhead line breakdowns
|Cities and towns/ urban areas-within 8 hours Rural Area:- Within 12 hours.
|JE / Incharge of area
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|174
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Breakdowns due to breakage of
poles
|Cities and towns/ urban areas- within 12 hours Rural Area:- Within 24
hours.
|JE / Incharge of area
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|175
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Underground cable breakdowns
|Cities, towns/ urban and rural area-Within 48 hours.
|JE / Incharge of area
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|176
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Distribution Transformer failure
|Cities and towns/ urban areas-within 24 hours
Rural Area:- Within 48
hours.
|JE / Incharge of area
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|177
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Power Transformer failure(with
primary voltage up to 66000 volts)
|within 15 days
|Sr. Xen /Grid Const.
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|178
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Street Light Faults
|i)Rectification of line faults
within 4 hours

ii) Replacement of defective units within 24
hours
|JE / Incharge of area
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|179.a
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Period of Schedule Outage:
Maximum duration in a single
stretch
|Not to exceed 6 hours in a day from April to October
and 10 hrs in a day during
the months from November to March
|JE / Incharge of area
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|179.b
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Restoration of Supply
|Not later than 6.00 P.m.
|JE / Incharge of area
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|180
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Voltage fluctuations :
No expansion/ enhancement of
network involved
|Within 2 days
|JE / Incharge of area
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|181.a
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Meter Complaints:
Inspection and replacement of
slow, fast/ creeping, stuck up
meters
|Inspection within 7 days
and replacement within 10
days of receipt of
complaint
|JE / Incharge of area
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|181.b
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Replacement of burnt meters
|Within 5 days
|JE / Incharge of area
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|182.a
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Release of new
connection/additional
load/demand feasible from
existing network:
Release of supply
|Within 24 days
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|182.b
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Network expansion/enhancement
requirement to release supply:
Release of supply-Low Tension
|Within 35 days
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|182.c
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Release of supply-High Tension
11000 volts
|Within 50 days
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|182.d
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Release of supply-High Tension
33000 volts
|Within 80 days
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|182.e
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Release of supply-Extra High
Tension
|Within 105 days
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|182.f
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Erection of Sub station required
for release of supply
|within the interval approved by the Commission
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|182.g
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Issue of No Objection Certificate
for release of connections in the
colonies being developed by
Developers/Builders/Societies/
owners/ Associations of
Residents
|45 days
|Nodal Officer/
Commercial
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|183.a
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Transfer of title and
conversion of services:
Transfer of title and/or change of
category
|within 7 days in case of LT
consumer and 14 days in case HT/EHT consumers
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|183.b
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Conversion from LT single phase
to LT three phase or vice versa
|Within 30 days
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|183.c
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Conversion from LT to HT or vice
Versa
|Within 60 days
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|183.d
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Conversion from HT to EHT or
vice versa
|Within 120 days
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|183.e
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Approval of supply/Use of power
from roof top Solar Photo voltaic
projects installed by consumers
as per Net Metering Policy
notified by PSERC
|30 days
|Nodal Officer/
Commercial
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|184.a
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Shifting of Meter/Service
Connection & Other services:
Shifting of Meter
|within premises Within 3 days
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|184.b
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Shifting of service Connection
LT Connection
HT Connection
|10 days
20 Days
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|184.c
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Shifting of LT/HT lines up to 11 kV
|Within 20 days
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|184.d
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Shifting of HT line exceeding 11
kV Within
|30 days
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|184.e
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Shifting of distribution
Transformer Within
|30 days
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|184.f
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Implementation of Permanent
Disconnection Order (PDCO) on the request of the Consumer.
|7 days
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|185.a
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Complaints about Consumer's
Bills & Restoration of Supply: Resolution of complaints on disputed electricity bill
|i)within 24 hrs if no additional information is required
ii) Within 7 days if additional information is required
|ARA / RA
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|185.b
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Reconnection of supply following
disconnection due to nonpayment of bills
|Within 24 hours
|JE/ Incharge of area
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|185.c
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Refund/adjustment of arrears on
account of energy bills
|15 days
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|185.d
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|Refund/Closing of consumer's
accounts against deposit works after completion of work/release of connection etc.
|60 days
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|185.e
|'''Power/electricity'''
|Testing of challenged meter in
ME Lab on the request of consumer

i. LT meters

ii. HT / EHT meters
|15 days
30 days
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|185.f
|'''Power/electricity'''
|Replacement of damaged/burnt
CT/PT Units

i. 11 kV

ii. 66 kV & above
|15 days
30 days
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|185.g
|'''Power/electricity'''
|Testing of private meter in ME
Lab after deposit of testing fee
by the consumer

i. LT meters

ii. HT / EHT meters
|15 days
30 days
|AE/AEE incharge of
area/function
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|185.h
|'''Power/Electricity'''
|To issue No Objection / Consent
within 12 working days for allowing Open Access to
consumers by SLDC.
|12 days
|Sr. Xen/ Open
Access
|Consumer Disputes
Settlement Committee
|Consumer Grievances
Redressal Forum
|-
|186
|'''Town & Country Planning'''
|NOC in case of Petrol Pump/ Rice
Sheller/Brick Kiln
|15 days
|District Town
Planner/Deputy
District Town Planner
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner
(General )
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|187
|'''Town & Country Planning'''
|CLU (Where Master Plan is
notified and Local Planning areas
are not notified. Residential, Industrial, Institutional Purpose : up to 25 acres and Commercial (excluding multiplex and
shopping mall up to 2 acres)
|23 days
|Concerned Senior
Town Planner
|Chief Town Planner,
Punjab
|Director, Town and
Country Planning Punjab
(DTCP)
|-
|188.a
|'''Town & Country Planning'''
|Building Plans up to 500 m2
|15 days
|District Town
Planner/Deputy Town
Planner
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General )
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|188.b
|'''Town & Country Planning '''
|500 – 5000 m2
|15 days
|Senior Town Planner
|Chief Town Planner,
Punjab
|Director Town and
Country Planning, Pb.
|-
|188.c
|'''Town & Country Planning'''
|Up to 5000 – 10000 m2
|45 days
|Chief Town Planner
|Director Town and
Country Planning, Punjab
|Principal secretary,
Housing & Urban Dev.
Department
|-
|188.d
|'''Town & Country Planning'''
|Sanction of building plans above
10000 square meters
|60 days
|Chief Town Planner
|Director Town and
Country Planning, Punjab
|Principal secretary,
Housing & Urban Dev.
Department
|-
|189.a
|'''Town & Country Planning'''
|Completion/Partial Completion
Certificate: up to 500 m2
|15 days
|District Town Planner
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|189.b
|'''Town & Country Planning'''
|500 – 5000 m2
|15 days
|Senior Town Planner
|Chief Town Planner,
Pb.
|Director, Town & Country
Planning, Pb.
|-
|189.c
|'''Town & Country Planning'''
|More than 5000 m2
|23 days
|Chief Town Planner,
Pb.
|Director Town &
Country Planning Pb.
|Principal secretary,
Housing & Urban Dev. Department
|-
|189.d
|'''Town & Country Planning'''
|Issue of Completion/Partial
Completion certificate above 10000 square meters
|30 days
|Chief Town Planner
|Director Town and
Country Planning, Punjab
|Principal secretary,
Housing & Urban Dev. Department
|-
|190
|'''Town & Country Planning'''
|Land use classification
|5 days
|Concerned District
Town Planner
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|191
|'''All Departments (General)'''
|General Service (Rectification of
Error occurred at the Level of an Official while delivering the services)
|5 days or the original time limit fixed for delivery of that service whichever is
earlier.
|Same as earlier
notified for a
particular service.
|Same as earlier notified for a particular service
|Same as earlier notified
for a particular service.
|-
|192
|'''Grievances & Pensions'''
|Acknowledgement of all
complaints
|Immediately if given personally/ 7 days in others cases
|District Head of each Department
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General )
|Deputy Commissioner
|-
|193
|'''Rural Development and Panchayat'''
|Issuance of Job Card under MGNREGA
|15 Days
|Panchayat Secretary
|Block Development
and Panchayat Officer -cum -Programme Officer
|Deputy Commissioner Cum-
District Programme Coordinator
|-
|194
|'''Rural Development and Panchayat'''
|Rural Area Certificate
|15 days
|Tehsildar
|Sub Divisional
Magistrate
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|195
|'''Industry department'''
|(a) Registration of Societies under the Society Registration Act, XXI of 1860 at District level
|10 days
|GM
|ADC
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|196
|'''Industry department'''
|(a) Registration of Societies under the Society Registration Act- XXI of 1860 at Headquarter Level
|15 days
|Registrar
|Joint Director Industry
|Director Industries
|-
|197
|'''Industry department'''
|Registration of New Firms
|Headquarter: 15 days
|Registrar
|Director Industries
|Principal secretary
Industries
|-
|198
|'''Technical Education'''
|Issue of duplicate certificates / verification of certificates by ITIs
|Within 7 days after the receipt of application
|Controller Examination (ITI), PSBTE & IT
|Secretary of Board
|Director, Technical
Education
|-
|199
|'''Technical Education'''
|Result declaration of (Reevaluation)
|Within 21 days from date
of receipt of Re-evaluation form. (Time period is not
applicable in discrepancy cases)
|Controller of Exam of
the Concerned university
|Registrar of the
Concerned university
|VC of the Concerned
university
|-
|200
|'''Technical Education'''
|Issue of Provisional Degree and
Migration certificate and Attestation of DMCs/Degree.
|Within 3 days from receipt of Application
|Controller of Exam.of the concerned University
|Registrar of the
Concerned university
|VC of the Concerned
university
|-
|201
|'''Technical Education '''
|Issue of official transcript
|Within 15 days from receipt of Application
|Controller of Exam.of the concerned University
|Registrar of the
Concerned university
|VC of the Concerned
university
|-
|202
|'''Technical Education'''
|Verification of qualification
certificates and issue of Detail Marks Card.
|Within 10 days from receipt of Application
|Controller of Exam.of the concerned University
|Registrar of the
Concerned university
|VC of the Concerned
university
|-
|203
|'''Technical Education'''
|Issuance of different types of
certificates to students of ITIs/Polytechnics
|Within 3 days from receipt of Application
|Principal
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner(General
)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|204
|'''Technical Education'''
|Award of Provisional Diploma
Certificate and Character Certificate to eligible candidates.
|Within 3 days from receipt of Application
|Principal
|Additional Director
|Director Technical Education
|-
|205
|'''Technical Education'''
|Verification of Diploma/Degree
Certificates
|Within 3 days after the confirmation from Board/PTU
|DTE
|Additional Secretary
|Secretary, Technical
Education
|-
|206
|'''Dairy Development '''
|Disposal of Application for the
registration/ renewal as Dealer
under Cattle feed, concentrates and mineral mixture Order 1988
|Within 30 days from receipt of application if found in order.
|Dy. Director Dairy
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|207
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Grant of Registration Certificate
|30 days
|ETO-cum Designated Officer
|Deputy Excise & Taxation Commissioner of Division concerned
|Additional Excise & Taxation Commissioner (VAT), Punjab
|-
|208
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Amendment in Registration
Certificate
|30 days
|ETO-cum Designated Officer
|Deputy Excise & Taxation Commissioner of Division concerned
|Additional Excise & Taxation Commissioner (VAT), Punjab
|-
|209
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Issue of Duplicate Registration
Certificate
|30 days
|ETO-cum Designated Officer
|Deputy Excise & Taxation Commissioner of Division concerned Commissioner (Excise), Punjab
|Additional Excise & Taxation Commissioner (VAT), Punjab
|-
|210
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Cancellation of Registration
Certificate
|30 days
|ETO-cum Designated Officer
|Deputy Excise & Taxation Commissioner of Division concerned
|Additional Excise & Taxation Commissioner (VAT), Punjab
|-
|211
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Permission for Business by a
casual dealer
|5 days
|ETO-cum Designated Officer
|Deputy Excise & Taxation Commissioner of Division concerned
|Additional Excise & Taxation Commissioner (VAT), Punjab
|-
|212
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Request for extension of period
of casual business
|2 days
|ETO-cum Designated Officer
|Deputy Excise & Taxation Commissioner of Division concerned
|Additional Excise & Taxation Commissioner (VAT), Punjab
|-
|213
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Allotment of Tax Deduction
Number in case of Works Contract
|30 days
|ETO-cum Designated Officer
|Deputy Excise & Taxation Commissioner of Division concerned
|Additional Excise & Taxation Commissioner (VAT), Punjab
|-
|214
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Supply of Assessment
Orders/Penalty Orders/Refund Orders
|15 days
|Excise & Taxation Officer/ Asst. Excise & Taxation Commissioner as the case may be
|Deputy Excise & Taxation Commissioner of Division concerned
|Additional Excise & Taxation Commissioner (VAT), Punjab
|-
|215
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Obtaining additional certified
copy of order
|30 days
|ETO-cum Designated Officer
|Deputy Excise & Taxation Commissioner of Division concerned
|Additional Excise & Taxation Commissioner (VAT), Punjab
|-
|216
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Obtaining copy of statement recorded in any enquiry held under PVAT Rules
|30 days
|ETO-cum Designated Officer
|Deputy Excise & Taxation Commissioner of Division concerned
|Additional Excise & Taxation Commissioner (VAT), Punjab
|-
|217
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Issuance of Advance Tax
Exemption Certificate
|60 days
|DETC of the Division concerned or Officer authorized by Excise and Taxation Commissioner, Punjab
|Additional Excise & Taxation Commissioner (VAT), Punjab
|Excise & Taxation Commissioner, Punjab
|-
|218
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Renewal of Advance Tax
Exemption Certificate
|30 days
|DETC of the Division concerned or Officer authorized by Excise and Taxation Commissioner, Punjab
|Additional Excise & Taxation Commissioner (VAT), Punjab
|Excise & Taxation Commissioner, Punjab
|-
|219
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Registration under Luxury Tax
|30 days
|ETO (Excise)
|Deputy Excise &
Taxation Commissioner of Division concerned
|Additional Excise &
Taxation Commissioner (VAT), Punjab
|-
|220
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Hard Bar License
|60 days
|Deputy Excise & Taxation Commissioner of the concerned Division–cum-Collector Excise
|Joint Excise & Taxation
Commissioner (X`), Punjab
|Addl. Excise & Taxation
Commissioner (X), Punjab
|-
|221
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Beer Bar License
|60 days
|Deputy Excise &
Taxation Commissioner of the concerned Division–cum-Collector
|Joint Excise & Taxation
Commissioner (Excise), Punjab
|Addl. Excise & Taxation
Commissioner (Excise), Punjab
|-
|222
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Drought Beer Bar License
|60 days
|Deputy Excise &
Taxation Commissioner of the concerned Division–cum-Collector
|Joint Excise & Taxation
Commissioner (Excise), Punjab
|Addl. Excise & Taxation
Commissioner (Excise), Punjab
|-
|223
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Annual License to Marriage
Palaces
|30 days
|Deputy Excise &
Taxation Commissioner of the concerned Division–cum-Collector
|Joint Excise & Taxation
Commissioner (Excise), Punjab
|Addl. Excise & Taxation
Commissioner (Excise), Punjab
|-
|224
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Bar License to Clubs
|60 days
|Deputy Excise &
Taxation Commissioner of the concerned Division–cum-Collector
|Joint Excise & Taxation
Commissioner (Excise), Punjab
|Addl. Excise & Taxation
Commissioner (Excise), Punjab
|-
|225
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Permission to serve liquor in marriage or banquet hall to a function holder
|2 days
|Excise & Taxation
Officer (Excise) of
concerned district
|Joint Excise & Taxation
Commissioner (Excise), Punjab
|Deputy Excise & Taxation
Commissioner
|-
|226
|'''Excise and Taxation'''
|Permit for industrial Alcohol to
Chemical industries etc.
|60 days
|Deputy Excise &
Taxation
Commissioner
|Joint Excise & Taxation
Commissioner (Excise), Punjab
|Addl. Excise & Taxation
Commissioner (Excise), Punjab
|-
|227
|'''Labour'''
|Registration under the Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970 after receipt of duly completed application along with prescribed fee
|30 days
|Additional Labour Commissioner / Deputy Labour Commissioner / Assistant Labour Commissioner / Labour cumconciliation Officer
|Labour Commissioner
|Principal secretary Labour
|-
|228
|'''Labour'''
|Registration under the Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970 after receipt of duly completed application along with prescribed fee
|30 days
|Additional Labour Commissioner / Deputy Labour Commissioner / Assistant Labour Commissioner / Labour cumconciliation Officer
|Labour Commissioner
|Principal secretary Labour
|-
|229
|'''Labour'''
|Registration under the Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970 after receipt of duly completed application along with prescribed fee
|30 days
|Additional Labour Commissioner / Deputy Labour Commissioner / Assistant Labour Commissioner / Labour cumconciliation Officer
|Labour Commissioner
|Principal secretary Labour
|-
|230
|'''Labour'''
|Registration under Punjab Shops
and Commercial Establishments Act, 1958
|30 days
|Labour Inspector
|Deputy Labour Commissioner
|Additional Labour Commissioner
|-
|231
|'''Labour'''
|Registration under the Trade Unions Act after receipt of duly completed application with documents along with prescribed fee
|90 days
|Labour Commissioner
|Special Secretary Labour
|Principal secretary Labour
|-
|232
|'''Labour(Factory wing)'''
|Acceptance of plans of new factory building after receipt of complete documents
|30 days
|Director of Factories,
Punjab
|Special Secretary Labour
|Principal secretary Labour
|-
|233
|'''Labour (Factory wing)'''
|Registration of Factory to run factory after receipt of complete documents along with prescribed
fee
|15 days
|Deputy/Assistant
Director of Factories
|Joint Director of
Factories
|Additional Director of
Factories
|-
|234
|'''Labour (Factory wing)'''
|Grant of Factory Licence to run factory after receipt of complete documents along with prescribed fee
|15 days
|Deputy/Assistant
Director of Factories
|Joint Director of
Factories
|Additional Director of
Factories
|-
|235
|'''Labour(Factory wing)'''
|Renewal of Factory licence, after receipt of complete documents along with prescribed fee
|60 days
|Deputy/Assistant
Director of Factories
|Joint Director of
Factories
|Additional Director of
Factories
|-
|236.a
|'''Forests & Wildlife Preservation'''
|Processing of proposals for
diversion of forest land under Forest Conservation Act, 1980
|30 days – (For Office ofDivisional Forest Officer)
|Divisional Forest
Officer
|Conservator of Forest
|Nodal Officer
|-
|
|
|
|7 days- (For Office of Conservator of Forests)
|Conservator of Forest
|Nodal Officer
|Principal Chief Conservator of Forest
|-
|
|
|
|7 days – (For office of Nodal Officer/PCCF)
|Nodal Officer
|Principal Chief
Conservator of Forest
|Secretary Forests
|-
|
|
|
|7 days – (For Secretary, Forest)
|Deputy/Joint/Addl./Special Secretary Forests
|Secretary Forests
|Financial Commissioner, Forests
|-
|236.b
|'''PWD, Irrigation,Drainage and other land owning Departments'''
|Issue NOC for the FCA proposal
to Forest Department for ‘236 a’ above.
|15 days
|Executive Engineer
|Superintendent Engineer
|Chief Engineer
|-
|237
|'''Forests & Wildlife Preservation'''
|NOC to be sent to the Competent
Authority cum Site Appraisal Committee for site clearance of
Industries.
|15 days
|Divisional Forest
Officer
|Conservator of Forest
|Chief Conservator of
Forest
|-
|238
|'''Forests & Wildlife Preservation'''
|NOC to be sent to the District
Magistrate for issuing Gun license.
|15 days
|Divisional Forest
Officer (WL)
|Conservator of Forest (WL)
|Chief Wild Life Warden
|-
|239
|'''Forests & Wildlife Preservation'''
|Supply of Plants from Forest Nurseries.
|3 days
|Range Forest Officer
|Divisional Forest Officer
|Conservator of Forest
|-
|240.a
|'''Forests & Wildlife Preservation'''
|Issue of permit for felling of trees in the areas notified under Punjab Land Preservation Act, 1900 as per the Punjab Govt. Policy and Felling Programme.
|30 days(for office of Divisional Forest Officer)
|Divisional Forest Officer
|Conservator of Forest
|Chief Conservator of Forest
|-
|
|
|I. Up to 40 hectares
|60 days
|Divisional Forest Officer
|Conservator of Forest
|Chief Conservator of Forest
|-
|
|
|II. Up to 100 hectares
|75 days
|Divisional Forest Officer
|Conservator of Forest
|Chief Conservator of Forest
|-
|
|
|III. More than 100 hectare.
|90 days
|Divisional Forest Officer
|Conservator of Forest
|Chief Conservator of Forest
|-
|240.b
|'''Revenue'''
|Revenue officials will demarcate
the land jointly with Forest Department and Land Owners for ‘A’ above.
|30 days
|Field Kanungo/Patwari
|Naib Tehsildar/Tehsildar
|SDM (C)
|-
|241
|'''Industries & Commerce (Directorate of Industries)'''
|Allotment of plots
|45 days from close of advertisement inviting applications and another 15 days for issuance of allotment letter by Department of Industries & Commerce.
|Chief Co-ordinator,
Udyog Sahyak
|Director of Industries
Punjab
|Principal secretary Industries & Commerce Punjab
|-
|242
|'''Industries & Commerce (Directorate of Industries)'''
|Certification/Inspection of Boilers
|30 days from the date of receipt of application from
the concerned Industrial Unit.
|Director Boiler
|Industrial Adviser, Department of Industries Punjab
|Director of Industries Punjab
|-
|243
|'''Industries & Commerce (Directorate of Industries)'''
|Mortgage/ First Charge on
Industrial Plots.
|15 days
|General manager,
District Industries Center concerned.
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|244
|'''Industries & Commerce (Directorate of Industries)'''
|Issuance of No Due Certificate
|15 days
|General manager,
District Industries
Center concerned.
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|245
|'''Industries & Commerce (Directorate of Industries)'''
|Transfer of Industrial Plots where
conveyance deed has already been executed in Industrial Area, Industrial Estates and Industrial Development Colony in the State of Punjab (through original allottee)
|i) Undisputed- 7 days
ii) Disputed- 45 Days
|General manager,
District Industries
Center concerned.
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner
(General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|246
|'''Industries & Commerce (Directorate of Industries)'''
|Transfer of Industrial Plots where
conveyance deed has already been executed in Industrial Area, Industrial Estates and Industrial Development Colony in the State of Punjab (through GPA)
|i) Undisputed- 7 days
ii) Disputed- 45 Days
|General manager, District Industries Center concerned.
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|247
|'''Industries & Commerce (Directorate of Industries)'''
|Transfer of Industrial Plots where
conveyance deed has already been executed in Industrial Area, Industrial Estates and Industrial Development Colony in the State of Punjab (within family/blood relation)
|i) Undisputed- 7 days
ii) Disputed- 45 Days
|General manager, District Industries Center concerned.
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|248
|'''Industries & Commerce (Directorate of Industries)'''
|Grant of Conveyance deed to the
allottees of Industrial Plot in the State for the first time on successful start of industrial activity and payment of Govt. dues
|30 days
|General manager, District Industries Center concerned.
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|249
|'''Industries & Commerce (Directorate of Industries)'''
|Permission for renting of portion
of Industrial Plot in Focal Points.
|15 days
|General manager, District Industries Center concerned.
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|250
|'''Industries & Commerce (Directorate of Industries)'''
|Permission for Change of End
Product in Focal Points
|7 days
|General manager, District Industries Center concerned.
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|251
|'''Industries & Commerce (Directorate of Industries)'''
|Grant of License under
Lubricating and Grease Control
Order, 1987.
|15 days
|General manager, District Industries Center concerned.
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|252
|'''Industries & Commerce (Directorate of Industries)'''
|Entrepreneurship Memorandum
Part-1 Under MSME Act, 2006
|1 day
|General manager, District Industries Center concerned.
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|253
|'''Industries & Commerce (Directorate of Industries)'''
|Entrepreneurship Memorandum
Part-2
Under MSME Act,2006
|1 day
|General manager, District Industries Center concerned.
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|254
|'''Industries & Commerce (Directorate of Industries)'''
|Issue of No Due Certificate to the
outstanding loanees who have availed Loans from the Department under Punjab State Aid to Industries Act, 1935, Seed Margin Money and Handloom cases.
|15 days
|General manager, District Industries Center concerned.
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|255
|'''Industries & Commerce (Directorate of Industries)'''
|Issuance of I-Card to Handloom
Weavers and Artisans
|10 days
|General manager, District Industries Center concerned.
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|256
|'''Industries & Commerce (Directorate of Industries)'''
|NOC/Permission for sale of
Industrial Plot in Industrial Area, Industrial Estate and Industrial Development Colony.
|10 days
|General manager, District Industries Center concerned.
|Additional Deputy
Commissioner (General)
|District Deputy Commissioner
|-
|257
|'''Industries & Commerce (Punjab Infotech)'''
|Allotment of plots
|45 days from close of
advertisement inviting applications and another 15 days for issuance of allotment letter by Punjab Infotech
|Chief coordinator,
Udyog Sahyak
|Director of Industries
Punjab
|Principal secretary
Industries & Commerce Punjab
|-
|258
|'''Industries & Commerce (Punjab Infotech)'''
|Issuance of No Due Certificate
|15 days
|General manager concerned
|MD, Punjab Infotech
|Principal secretary
Industries & Commerce
|-
|259
|'''Industries & Commerce (Punjab Infotech)'''
|Transfer of industrial plot
through original allottee
|30 days
|General manager concerned
|MD, Punjab Infotech
|Principal secretary
Industries & Commerce
|-
|260
|'''Industries & Commerce (Punjab Infotech)'''
|Transfer of industrial plot
through GPA
|30 days.
|General manager concerned
|MD, Punjab Infotech
|Principal secretary
Industries & Commerce
|-
|261
|'''Industries & Commerce (Punjab Infotech)'''
|Transfer of plot within
family/blood relation
|30 days
|General manager concerned
|MD, Punjab Infotech
|Principal secretary
Industries & Commerce
|-
|262
|'''Industries & Commerce (Punjab Infotech)'''
|NOC/ Permission to sale of
industrial plot
|21 days
|General manager concerned
|MD, Punjab Infotech
|Principal secretary
Industries & Commerce
|-
|263
|'''Industries & Commerce (Punjab Infotech)'''
|Providing of calculations for OTS
amount after receipt of a request in this regard.
|2 days from the date of receipt of application from the concerned Loanee/Industrial Unit.
|GM concerned, Punjab Infotech
|MD, Punjab Infotech
|Principal secretary
Industries & Commerce Punjab
|-
|264
|'''Industries & Commerce (Punjab Infotech)'''
|Issuance of acceptance letter for
OTS after receipt of application with requisite down payment
|7 days
|GM concerned, Punjab Infotech
|MD, Punjab Infotech
|Principal secretary
Industries & Commerce Punjab
|-
|265
|'''Industries & Commerce (Punjab Infotech)'''
|Reply to the Bond-holders in
respect of non receipt of payment against bonds or any other query of the bond-holders.
|7 days
|GM concerned, Punjab Infotech
|MD, Punjab Infotech
|Principal secretary
Industries & Commerce Punjab
|-
|266
|'''Industries & Commerce (PSIEC)'''
|Extension in time period for possession
|15 days
|Chief general manager (Estate)
|Managing Director
|Principal secretary
Industries & Commerce
|-
|267
|'''Industries & Commerce (PSIEC)'''
|Issuance of No Due Certificate
|15 days
|Estate Officer
|Chief general manager
(Estate)
|Managing Director,
PSIEC
|-
|268
|'''Industries & Commerce (PSIEC)'''
|Transfer of industrial plot
through original allottee
|30 days
|Managing Director
|Director Industries
|Principal secretary
Industries & Commerce
|-
|269
|'''Industries & Commerce (PSIEC)'''
|Transfer of industrial plot
through GPA
|30 days.
|Managing Director
|Director Industries
|Principal secretary
Industries & Commerce
|-
|270
|'''Industries & Commerce (PSIEC)'''
|Transfer of plot within
family/blood relation
|30 days
|Managing Director
|Director Industries
|Principal secretary
Industries & Commerce
|-
|271
|'''Industries & Commerce (PSIEC)'''
|NOC/ Permission to sale of
industrial plot
|21 days
|Managing Director
|Director Industries
|Principal secretary
Industries & Commerce
|-
|272
|'''Industries & Commerce (PSIEC)'''
|Sanction of Building plan
|30 days
|General manager
(Planning)
|Managing Director
|Principal secretary
Industries & Commerce
|-
|273
|'''Industries & Commerce (PSIEC)'''
|Issuance of duplicate title
documents
|15 days
|Estate Officer
|Chief general manager
(Estate)
|Managing Director, PSIEC
|-
|274
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to establish (NOC) to Small Scale Green Category Industry
|15 days
|Environmental Engineer
|Senior Environmental
Engineer
|Chief Environmental
Engineer(HQ)
|-
|275
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to establish (NOC) to Small Scale Green Category Industry
|15 days
|Senior Environmental
Engineer
|Chief Environmental
Engineer(HQ)
|Member Secretary
|-
|276
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to establish (NOC) to Small Scale Green Category Industry
|15 days
|Chief Environmental
Engineer(HQ)
|Member Secretary
|Chairman
|-
|277
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to establish (NOC) to Small Scale Orange Category Industry
|15 days
|Senior Environmental
Engineer
|Chief Environmental
Engineer(HQ)
|Member Secretary
|-
|278
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to establish (NOC) to Small Scale Orange Category Industry
|21 days
|Chief Environmental
Engineer(HQ)
|Member Secretary
|Chairman
|-
|279
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to establish (NOC) to Large Scale Orange Category Industry
|21 days
|Chief Environmental
Engineer(HQ)
|Member Secretary
|Chairman
|-
|280
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to establish (NOC) to Small Scale Red Category Industry
|15 days
|Senior Environmental
Engineer
|Chief Environmental
Engineer(HQ)
|Member Secretary
|-
|281
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to establish (NOC) to Medium Scale Red Category Industry
|21 days
|Chief Environmental
Engineer
|Member Secretary
|Chairman
|-
|282.a
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to establish
(NOC) to Large Scale Red Category Industry Having total cost of project up to Rs.15.00 Crore
|21 days
|Member Secretary
|Chairman
|Special Secretary
Science, Technology &
Environment
|-
|282.b
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to establish
(NOC) to Large Scale Red Category Industry Having total cost of project more than
Rs.15.00 Crore
|21 days
|Chairman
|Special Secretary
Science, Technology &
Environment
|Principal secretary
Science, Technology &
Environment
|-
|283
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to operate to Small Scale Green Category Industry
|15 days
|Environmental
Engineer
|Senior Environmental
Engineer
|Chief Environmental
Engineer(HQ)
|-
|284
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to operate to Medium Scale Green Category Industry
|15 days
|Senior Environmental
Engineer
|Chief Environmental
Engineer (HQ)
|Member Secretary
|-
|285
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to operate to Large Scale Green Category Industry
|15 days
|Chief Environmental
Engineer
|Member Secretary
|Chairman
|-
|286
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to operate to Small Scale Orange Category Industry
|15 days
|Senior Environmental
Engineer
|Chief Environmental
Engineer(HQ)
| Member Secretary
|-
|287
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to operate to Medium Scale Orange Category Industry
|30 days
|Chief Environmental
Engineer
|Member Secretary
|Chairman
|-
|288
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to operate to Large Scale Orange Category Industry
|30 days
|Chief Environmental
Engineer
|Member Secretary
|Chairman
|-
|289
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to operate to Small Scale Red Category Industry
|30 days
|Senior Environmental
Engineer
|Chief Environmental
Engineer(HQ)
|Member Secretary
|-
|290
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to operate to Medium Scale Red Category Industry
|30 days
|Chief Environmental
Engineer
|Member Secretary
|Chairman
|-
|291.a
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to operate to Large Scale Red Category Industry Having total cost of project up to Rs.15.00 Crore
|30 days
|Member Secretary
|Chairman
|Special Secretary
Science, Technology &
Environment
|-
|291.b
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Consent to operate to Large Scale Red Category Industry Having total cost of project more than Rs.15.00
Crore
|30 days
|Chairman
|Special Secretary
Science, Technology &
Environment
|Principal secretary
Science, Technology &
Environment
|-
|292
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Authorization under Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008
|30 days
|Senior Environmental
Engineer
|Chief Environmental
Engineer (HQ)
|Member Secretary
|-
|293.a
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Authorization under Bio
Medical Wastes (Management & Handling) Amendment Rules, 2003 Up to 50 beds HCES and lab and Blood Banks, Pathological, etc.
|30 days
|Environmental
Engineer
|Senior Environmental
Engineer/ Additional
Secretary Science,
Technology &
Environment
|Chief Environmental
Engineer(HQ)
Special Secretary
Science, Technology &
Environment
|-
|293.b
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Authorization under Bio
Medical Wastes (Management & Handling) Amendment Rules, 2003 More than 50 beds but up to 200 beds
|30 days
|Senior Environmental
Engineer/ Additional
Secretary Science,
Technology &
Environment
|Chief Environmental
Engineer(HQ)
Special Secretary
Science, Technology
& Environment
|Chairman
|-
|293.c
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Authorization under Bio
Medical Wastes (Management &
Handling) Amendment Rules,
2003
More than 200 beds but up to 500 beds.
|30 days
|Chief Environmental
Engineer(HQ)
Special Secretary
Science, Technology
& Environment
|Chairman
|Special Secretary
Science, Technology &
Environment
|-
|293.d
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Authorization under Bio
Medical Wastes (Management &
Handling) Amendment Rules,
2003 More than 500 beds .
|30 days
|Member Secretary
|Chairman
|Special Secretary
Science, Technology &
Environment
|-
|294
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Registration for
Manufacture of Carry Bags & Multi Layered Plastics under
Plastic Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 2011
|30 days
|Environmental
Engineer
|Senior Environmental
Engineer(HQ)
|Chief Environmental
Engineer(HQ)
|-
|295
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Registration for Recycling of Carry Bags & Multi Layered Plastics or any plastic waste under Plastic Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 2011
|30 days
|Environmental
Engineer
|Senior Environmental
Engineer(HQ)
|Chief Environmental
Engineer(HQ)
|-
|296
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Grant of Authorization under ewaste
(Management & Handling) Rules, 2011
|30 days
|Chairman
|Special Secretary
Science, Technology &
Environment
|Principal secretary
Science, Technology &
Environment
|-
|297
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Declaration of analysis results for
the effluent / emissions samples collected
|15 days
|Senior Scientific
Officer
|Member Secretary
|Chairman
|-
|298
|'''Science, Technology & Environment (Punjab Pollution Control Board)'''
|Providing effluent / emission analysis report after deposit of analysis fees
|03 days
|Environmental
Engineer
|Senior Environmental
Engineer(HQ)
|Chief Environmental
Engineer (HQ)
|-
|299
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab Medical Council'''
|Provisional Registration (in case of Graduate from Punjab State)
|15 days
( 2 days in emergent
cases)
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research.
|-
|300
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab Medical Council'''
|Provisional Registration (in case
of Graduates from other States ) on receipt of NOC from the Medical Council of Concerned State
|45 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research.
|-
|301
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab Medical Council'''
|Permanent Registration (who
are already registered provisionally by Punjab Medical Council)
|15 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research.
|-
|302
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab Medical Council'''
|Permanent Registration (who
have already been registered provisionally/permanently by other States Medical Council) – on receipt of NOC from the Medical Council of Concerned State
|45 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research.
|-
|303
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab Medical Council'''
|Provisional /Permanent Registration ( in case of Graduate from other Countries) – on receipt of verification of Degree from the concerned Embassy
|90 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research.
|-
|304
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab Medical Council'''
|Issuance of Good Standing Certificate
|15 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research.
|-
|305
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab Medical Council'''
|Renewal of Registration
|15 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research.
|-
|306
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab Medical Council'''
|Issuance of NOC for Registration in other States.
|15 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research.
|-
|307
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab Medical Council'''
|Additional of Qualification Registration Certificate
|15 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research.
|-
|308
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab Medical Council'''
|Issuance of Duplicate Registration Certificate and other Certificates etc.
|15 days
|Registrar
|Chairman,
|Director, Medical
Education and Research.
|-
|309
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab Nurses Registration '''
|Issuance of Detailed Marks Certificate (ANM, GNM)
|60 days
(After the Declaration of Result)
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research
|-
|310
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab Nurses Registration Council'''
|Issuance of Registration
Certificate (ANM,GNM.B.Sc Nursing, Post Basic B.Sc Nursing and M.Sc Nursing)
|60 days
|Registrar
|Chairman,
|Director, Medical
Education and Research
|-
|311
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab Nurses Registration Council'''
|Issuance of Diploma Certificate
(ANM and GNM)
|60 days
|Registrar
|Chairman,
|Director, Medical
Education and Research
|-
|312
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab Nurses Registration Council'''
|Issuance of NOC for Transfer of
Registration to other States
|30 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research
|-
|313
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab Nurses Registration Council'''
|Issuance of NOC on demand for
Transfer of Registration from
other States
|30 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research
|-
|314
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab Nurses Registration Council'''
|Forwarding Certificates for verification in India/ DC Office/Hospitals Concerned.
|30 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research
|-
|315
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab Nurses Registration Council'''
|Forwarding Certificate for
Verification to other Countries
|30 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research
|-
|316
|'''Medical Education and Research/Council of Homeopathic Systems of Medicines Punjab'''
|Provisional Registration
|15 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director Medical
Education and Research
|-
|317
|'''Medical Education and Research/Council of Homeopathic Systems of Medicines Punjab'''
| Registration for Candidates of Punjab State Registration for Candidates from other States
|15 days
15 days
(After the receipt of
verification from the
concerned State)
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical Education and Research
|-
|318
|'''Medical Education and Research/Council of Homeopathic Systems of Medicines Punjab'''
|Renewal of Registration
|30 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director Medical
Education and Research
|-
|319
|'''Medical Education and Research/Council of Homeopathic Systems of Medicines Punjab'''
|Verification of NOC,
Qualification and Registration
|15 days
(In case of already renewed cases) 15 days (After renewal in case of not already renewed
cases)
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director Medical
Education and Research
|-
|320
|'''Medical Education and Research /Punjab State Pharmacy Council'''
|Fresh Registration
|60 days
( After receipt of verification of result and after the approval of Sub Committee).
|Registrar
|Vice Chairman
|Chairman
|-
|321
|'''Medical Education and Research /Punjab State Pharmacy Council'''
|Registration by Transfer
(Migration)
|60 days
( After receipt of verification of result and after the approval of Sub Committee).
|Registrar
|Vice Chairman
|Chairman
|-
|322
|'''Medical Education and Research /Punjab State Pharmacy Council'''
|Duplicate Registration Certificate
|30 days
|Registrar
|Vice Chairman
|Chairman
|-
|323
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab State Pharmacy Council'''
|Renewal / Restoration
|60 days
|Registrar
|Vice Chairman
|Chairman
|-
|324
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab State Pharmacy Council'''
|Issuance of Good Standing
Certificate
|30 days
|Registrar
|Vice Chairman
|Chairman
|-
|325
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab State Pharmacy Council'''
|Addition of Qualification
|60 days
(After verification of qualification / results from
the concerned Authority)
|Registrar
|Vice Chairman
|Chairman
|-
|326
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab State Pharmacy Council'''
|Issue of NOC to Candidates qualified from Punjab for "Registration in other States."
|60 days
|Registrar
|Vice Chairman
|Chairman
|-
|327
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab State Dental Council'''
|New Registration-Punjabs State
(BDS, MDS, Dental Mechanic and
Dental Hygienist)
|7 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research
|-
|328
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab State Dental Council'''
|New Registration-Other States
(BDS, MDS, Dental Mechanic and Dental Hygienist)
|15 days
(After verification of DMC/Degree from the
concerned Colleges and Universities)
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research
|-
|329
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab State Dental Council'''
|New Registration: Applied from
Other Countries
|15 days
(After verification of DMC/Degree from the
concerned Colleges and Universities)
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research
|-
|330
|'''Medical Education and Research /Punjab State Dental Council'''
|Restoration of Registration
|15 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director,Medical
Education and Research
|-
|331
|'''Medical Education and Research /Punjab State Dental Council'''
|Renewal of Registration
|3 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director,Medical
Education and Research
|-
|332
|'''Medical Education and Research/Punjab State Dental Council'''
|Issue of NOC to Candidates
qualified from Punjab for "Registration in other States."
|7 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research
|-
|333
|'''Medical Education and Research /Punjab State Dental Council'''
|Issuance of Good Standing Certificate
|7 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director,Medical
Education and Research
|-
|334
|'''Medical Education and Research /Punjab State Dental Council'''
|Issuance of Duplicate Certificate and Other Certificates
|7 days
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research
|-
|335
|'''Medical Education and Research /Punjab State Dental Council'''
|Issuance of Smart Card
|Same day
|Registrar
|Chairman
|Director, Medical
Education and Research
|-
|336
|'''Medical Education and Research /Board of Ayurvedic and Unani Systems of Medicines Punjab'''
|Provisional Registration
|15 days
|Registrar
|Vice Chairman
|Chairman
|-
|337
|'''Medical Education and Research /Board of Ayurvedic and Unani Systems of Medicines Punjab'''
|Permanent Registration
|30 days
|Registrar
|Vice Chairman
|Chairman
|-
|338
|'''Medical Education and Research /Board of Ayurvedic and Unani Systems of Medicines Punjab'''
|Updation of Registration
|30 days
|Registrar
|Vice Chairman
|Chairman
|-
|339
|'''Medical Education and Research /Board of Ayurvedic and Unani Systems of Medicines Punjab'''
|Issue of NOC to Candidates
qualified from Punjab for "Registration in other States"
|30 days
|Registrar
|Vice Chairman
|Chairman
|-
|340
|'''Medical Education and Research /Board of Ayurvedic and Unani Systems of Medicines Punjab'''
|Good Professional Certificate for
further studies abroad
|30 days
|Registrar
|Vice Chairman
|Chairman
|-
|341
|'''Medical Education and Research /Board of Ayurvedic and Unani Systems of Medicines Punjab'''
|Registration of Candidates
qualified from other State's Board
|30 days
(After the verification of
result from the colleges/
universities and approval
of Sub-Committee )
|Registrar
|Vice Chairman
|Chairman
|-
|342
|'''Medical Education and Research /Board of Ayurvedic and Unani Systems of Medicines Punjab'''
|Addition of Qualification
|30 days
(After the verification of result from the colleges/
universities and approval of Sub-Committee )
|Registrar
|Vice Chairman
|Chairman
|-
|343
|'''Medical Education and Research /Board of Ayurvedic and Unani Systems of Medicines Punjab'''
|Registration of UpVaids
|30 says
|Registrar
|Vice Chairman
|Chairman
|-
|344
|'''Medical Education and Research /Board of Ayurvedic and Unani Systems of Medicines Punjab '''
|Renewal of Registration (UpVaid)
|30 days
|Registrar
|Vice Chairman
|Chairman
|-
|345
|'''Medical Education and Research /Punjab State Faculty of Ayurvedic and Unani Systems of Medicines'''
|Issuance of DMC (D. Pharmacy
and Ayurveda (UpVaid)
|60 days (After the declaration of Result)
|Member Secretary
|Chairman
|Secretary,Medical
Education and Research
|-
|346
|'''Medical Education and Research /Punjab State Faculty of Ayurvedic and Unani Systems of Medicines'''
|Issuance of Diploma Certificate
|60 days (After the declaration of Result)
|Member Secretary
|Chairman
|Secretary, Medical
Education and Research
|-
|347
|'''Medical Education and Research /Punjab State Faculty of Ayurvedic and Unani Systems of Medicines'''
|Issuance of Duplicate DMC
|45 days
|Member Secretary
|Chairman
|Secretary, Medical
Education and Research
|-
|348
|'''Medical Education and Research /Punjab State Faculty of Ayurvedic and Unani Systems of Medicines'''
|Issuance of Duplicate Diploma
Certificate
|45 days
|Member Secretary
|Chairman
|Secretary, Medical
Education and Research
|-
|349
|'''Medical Education and Research /Punjab State Faculty of Ayurvedic and Unani Systems of Medicines'''
|Result Verification
|20 days
|Member Secretary
|Chairman
|Secretary, Medical
Education and Research
|-
|350
|'''Medical Education and Research /Punjab State Faculty of Ayurvedic and Unani Systems of Medicines'''
|Issuance of Transcript Certificate
|60 days
|Member Secretary
|Chairman
|Secretary, Medical
Education and Research
|-
|351
|'''Medical Education and Research /Punjab State Faculty of Ayurvedic and Unani Systems of Medicines'''
|Enrollment of Candidates after
Admission
|Up to 31 August (Every year)
|Member Secretary
|Chairman
|Secretary, Medical
Education and Research
|-
|}

===Simplified application proforma===
To avail the services a standardised and simplified application proforma was introduced for the convenience of the citizen. Earlier there were not only different types of proformas in different offices to avail these services but they varied also from district to districts. In addition to it earlier a lot of undesired documentation was involved in old proformas which was curtailed and documents specifically related to the service only were made mandatory in the simplified proformas. Specimen of the simplified proforma is given below:
Simplified proforma for Services under RTS Act.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|1
|Name of Service
|-
|2
|name of Department/Service Provider (Pre-filled into the system
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Part 2
|-
|1
|Name of Applicant
|-
|2
|Husband/Father's/Mother's Name
|-
|3
|Permanent Address
|-
|4
|Correspondence Address
|-
|5
|Correspondence Phone No.
|-
|6
|Correspondence e-mail
|-
|7
|Adhaar Card No.(Attach Copy)
|-
|}

{| Class="wikitable"
|+Part-3 Information/Documents required specific to the service Information
|-
|1
|name of beneficiary, if not applicant.(Adhar card of beneficiary. Attach Copy
|-
|2
|relationship with applicant
|-
|}
{| Class="wikitable"
|+Acknowledgement Receipt
|-
|1
|Application Receipt No.
|-
|2
|Service asked for
|-
|3
|Date of Application
|-
|4
|Date by which Service to be provided
|-
|5
|fees/Facilitation Charges, if any
|-
|6
|Signature of authorised official
|-
|}

==Citizen Service delivery Centres==
[[File:GIS location map of Sewa kendras cum citizen service centres in Punjab, India.jpg|thumb|GIS location map of Sewa kendras cum citizen service delivery centres in Punjab, India]]

Punjab Government has developed a network of Service Centres ([[Punjabi Language|Punjabi]] ਸੇਵਾ ਕੇਂਦਰ). 2,147 service delivery centres are being developed to provide these services at the distance of 10 km in rural and 1.5 km in urban areas. Out of these 1,758 Centres and 389 are in urban areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/parkash-singh-badal-inaugurates-sewa-kendra-in-punjab-2970572/|title=Parkash Singh Badal inaugurates 'Sewa Kendra' in Punjab|date=12 August 2016|publisher=}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.pbgrc.org www.pbgrc.or] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201040917/http://www.pbgrc.org/ |date=1 December 2016 }}
*{{Cite web|url=http://rtspunjab.gov.in/|title=Right to Service Commission Punjab:Home|website=rtspunjab.gov.in|access-date=2017-07-12}}
*{{Cite web|url=http://dgrpunjab.gov.in/|title=Department of Governance Reform|website=dgrpunjab.gov.in|access-date=2017-07-12}}
Simplified proforma for Services under RTS Act.

[[Category:Government of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:State legislation in India]]

Uthama Puthiran (1958 film)

2026-04-23T06:45:16Z

Rishank124:

{{short description|1958 film by T. Prakash Rao}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Uthama Puthiran 1958.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[T. Prakash Rao]]
| screenplay = [[C. V. Sridhar]]
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Uthama Puthiran (1940 film)|Uthama Puthiran]]'' (1940)}}
| producer = S. Krishnamoorthy C. V. Sridhar T. Govindarajan
| starring = [[Sivaji Ganesan]] [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]]
| cinematography = [[A. Vincent]]
| editing = N. M. Shankar
| music = [[G. Ramanathan]]
| studio = Venus Pictures
| distributor = [[Sivaji Productions|Sivaji Films]]
| released = {{film date|1958|2|7|df=y}}
| runtime = 157 minutes{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2011 |p=167}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Uthama Puthiran''''' ({{translation|Virtuous Son}}) is a 1958 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[historical fiction|historical]] [[action film]] directed by [[T. Prakash Rao]]. Co-produced by [[C. V. Sridhar]], who also wrote the screenplay, the film stars [[Sivaji Ganesan]] and [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]], with [[M. K. Radha]], [[M. N. Nambiar]], [[K. A. Thangavelu]], [[Ragini (actress)|Ragini]] and [[P. Kannamba|Kannamba]] in supporting roles. It revolves around twins who are separated at birth; one grows up to be a valiant warrior, and the other a tyrannical dictator.

''Uthama Puthiran'' is a remake of the [[Uthama Puthiran (1940 film)|1940 Tamil film of the same name]], itself based on ''The Man in the Iron Mask'', the third part of the 1847–1850 novel ''[[The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later]]'' by [[Alexandre Dumas]]. It is the first film to feature Ganesan in two distinct roles, and the first Indian film to have the shots with zoom technique. Cinematography was handled by [[A. Vincent]], and editing by N. M. Shankar.

''Uthama Puthiran'' was released on 7 February 1958, and distributed by Ganesan's company [[Sivaji Productions|Sivaji Films]]. The film became a major commercial success, with a theatrical run of over 100 days, and established Ganesan as one of the most [[bankable star]]s in Tamil cinema.

== Plot ==
In the kingdom of Malarpuri, the queen delivers a male child. Her brother Naganathan replaces it with a dead child, and informs the king that the newborn is dead. To Naganathan's surprise, the queen gives birth to another boy soon after. The king is informed of the birth of two children, one dead and one alive. Everyone is happy that at least one child is delivered alive. Naganathan decides to kill the first infant and hands it over to his servant Somappa. However, Somappa and his wife raise the prince in a forest.

The crown prince is Vikraman, and his identical twin in the forest is Parthiban. On his deathbed, the king appoints Naganathan as the guardian of Vikraman, and orders that Naganathan would be solely responsible for Vikraman's safety. To achieve his objective of ruling the country, Naganathan brings up Vikraman with all vices and does not allow him to bond with his mother. In contrast, Parthiban grows up to become a valiant warrior under the guidance of Somappa and fights for the people.

After the king's death, Vikraman ascends the throne and hands over administrative controls to Naganathan, who indulges in all kinds of looting by levying more taxes. Parthiban comes out of the forest and saves the minister's daughter Amuthavalli, when her chariot goes out of control. They fall in love, and he starts visiting her palace late at night. Amutha encounters Vikraman, who looks similar to Parthiban, but does not disclose this to anyone. Vikraman likes her and tells Naganathan to fix his marriage with her. Amutha does not accept when Vikraman's mother comes with the proposal.

One night, the soldiers notice Parthiban getting into the palace, and they reach Amutha's room. She makes him escape by making him wear Vikraman's costume. While leaving, he meets his mother, but pretends to be Vikraman. When he is talking to her, Vikraman arrives, and they scuffle. Parthiban escapes, but when he comes again to meet Amutha, he is thrown into prison.

Through the maidservant, the queen learns that Parthiban is also her son. She goes to the prison and orders his release. By then, Vikraman arrives with Naganathan, who confirms they are brothers, but states that the kingdom cannot afford to have two brothers fighting for power. Vikraman does not wish to share the kingdom and to avoid anyone recognising him, orders that Parthiban be masked and imprisoned. Parthiban has an iron mask locked on his face; its key is with Vikraman.

Amutha and Parthiban's friend Ponnan hatch a plan to rescue Parthiban. Amutha makes Vikraman insensibly drunk after a dance and takes the key. Parthiban's associates reach the prison, set him free, put the same on Vikraman's face and dump him in prison. Parthiban assumes charge of the kingdom and introduces citizen-friendly policies which are welcomed by the people.

Naganathan suspects foul play. By then, Vikraman sends a message to Naganathan by writing on his dinner plate about Parthiban impersonating him. Naganathan releases Vikraman, brings him to the assembly and stops the coronation of Parthiban as the king. In the fight that ensues between Naganathan's army and Parthiban's people, Naganathan dies. Parthiban and Vikraman fight despite a plea from their mother. When Vikraman is overpowered, he escapes in a chariot and Parthiban tries to stop him, to no avail. Vikraman dies when his chariot falls off a cliff. Parthiban and Amutha become the new rulers of Malarpuri.

== Cast ==
{{Col-begin|width=60%}}
{{Col-break|width=50%}}
;Male cast<ref name="songbook">{{Cite book |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7JevgDCLbuNOG1qSnV1N1l0LVk/view |title=உத்தம புத்திரன் |publisher=Venus Pictures |year=1958 |language=Tamil |trans-title=Virtuous Son |type=[[song book]] |access-date=9 June 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* [[Sivaji Ganesan]] as Parthiban and Vikraman
* [[M. K. Radha]] as the King
* [[M. N. Nambiar]] as Naganathan
* [[K. A. Thangavelu]] as Ponnan
* Venkatachalam Pillai as Minister Jayaseelar
* [[O. A. K. Thevar]] as Bhoopathy
* Stunt Somu as Somu
{{Col-break|width=50%}}
;Female cast<ref name="songbook" />
* [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] as Amuthavalli
* [[Ragini (actress)|Ragini]] as Rajathi
* [[P. Kannamba|Kannamba]] as the Queen
* M. S. S. Bhagyam as Ponni
* Chellam as Chellamma
* Rita and Chandra as female dancers
;Dance<ref name="songbook" />
* [[Helen (actress)|Helen]]
{{Col-end}}

== Production ==
After the success of ''[[Amara Deepam (1956 film)|Amara Deepam]]'' (1956), director [[T. Prakash Rao]] and co-writer [[C. V. Sridhar]] wanted their next film to be on a grander scale. Rao decided on the folk tale of [[Valli]], and he and Sridhar approached [[Sivaji Ganesan]] to star. Ganesan refused, saying another producer was adapting the story (as ''[[Sri Valli (1961 film)|Sri Valli]]'') and paid him an advance to star in it. Rao and Sridhar then considered adapting ''The Man in the Iron Mask'', the third part of the 1847–1850 novel ''[[The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later]]'' by [[Alexandre Dumas]]. Though it had already been adapted in Tamil as ''[[Uthama Puthiran (1940 film)|Uthama Puthiran]]'' (1940), an unfazed Sridhar decided to remake the film as it had been more than 15 years since release. Ganesan accepted to star in the project.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஸ்ரீதர் |first=டைரக்டர் |author-link=C. V. Sridhar |date=17 November 1991 |title=சிவாஜியின் அவுட்டு சிரிப்பும் ராம்நாத்தின் அட்டகாச சிரிப்பும்! |trans-title=Sivaji's outburst of laughter and Ramnoth's outrageous laughter! |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1991-11-17/page/n55/mode/2up |access-date=12 December 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=54–55 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2017 |title=பார்த்தது படித்தது ரசித்தது – சுதாங்கன் – 30–07–17 |trans-title=Saw, read, enjoyed – Sudhangan |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/31915/%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%2581-%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%2581-%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%2581-%25E2%2580%2593-%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%2599%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%258D-%25E2%2580%2593-30%25E2%2580%259307%25E2%2580%259317 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620102221/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/31915/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81-%E2%80%93-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E2%80%93-30%E2%80%9307%E2%80%9317 |archive-date=20 June 2018 |access-date=21 December 2021 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |place=Nellai |language=ta}}</ref>

The remake's screenplay was written by Sridhar, who co-produced the film with his partners S. Krishnamoorthy and T. Govindarajan under the banner Venus Pictures.<ref name="Anandan">{{Cite web |title=1958 – உத்தமபுத்திரன் – வீனஸ் பிக்சர்ஸ் (தெ-இ-டப்) |trans-title=1958 – Uthama Puthiran – Venus Pictures (te-hi-dub) |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1958-cinedetails5.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504225625/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1958-cinedetails5.asp |archive-date=4 May 2018 |access-date=4 May 2018 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> It is the first film to feature Ganesan in dual roles.{{sfn |Ganesan |Narayana Swamy |2007 |p=118}} Sridhar initially wanted [[K. Ramnoth]] to direct this film, but he said he agreed to direct the same subject with [[M. G. Ramachandran]] in lead role, he was replaced by Prakash Rao.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஸ்ரீதர் |first=டைரக்டர் |author-link=C. V. Sridhar |date=24 November 1991 |title=உத்தம புத்திரன்: சிவாஜி-எம்.ஜி.ஆர் மோதல்! |trans-title=Uthama Puthiran: Sivaji-M. G. R. clash! |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1991-11-24/page/n3/mode/2up |access-date=12 December 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=3–4 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> When Venus Pictures announced ''Uthama Puthiran'' in a newspaper, the same day Ramachandran announced a film with the same title in the same paper. Ramachandran eventually scrapped his film, but persisted with his plans to make a dual role film and finally made ''[[Nadodi Mannan]]'', and released it several months after ''Uthama Puthiran''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sri Kantha |first=Sachi |author-link=Sachi Sri Kantha |date=9 December 2018 |title=MGR Remembered – Part 47 {{!}} Comparison of Chaplin and MGR |url=https://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-47/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109095652/https://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-47/ |archive-date=9 January 2021 |access-date=9 February 2021 |website=[[Ilankai Tamil Sangam]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 October 2016 |title=பிளாஷ்பேக்: நாடோடி மன்னனை உருவாக்கிய உத்தம புத்திரன் |trans-title=''Nadodi Mannan'' was made because of ''Uthama Puthiran'' |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/51691/cinema/Kollywood/Nadodi-Mannan-made-by-Uthamaputhiran.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330082423/http://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/51691/cinema/Kollywood/Nadodi-Mannan-made-by-Uthamaputhiran.htm |archive-date=30 March 2018 |access-date=30 March 2018 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> Cinematography was handled by [[A. Vincent]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=5 April 2018 |title=Sivaji's 'Uthama Puthiran' has a timeless appeal |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/this-sivaji-starrer-celebrated-60-years/article23443456.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504103952/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/this-sivaji-starrer-celebrated-60-years/article23443456.ece |archive-date=4 May 2018 |access-date=4 May 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> and the editing by N. M. Shankar.<ref name="songbook" />

The song "Kaathiruppan Kamalakannan", is picturised on [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] and her sister [[Ragini (actress)|Ragini]]'s characters performing a [[Bharatanatyam|Bharatham]] dance.<ref name="DBSJeyaraj">{{Cite news |last=Jeyaraj |first=D. B. S. |date=3 June 2015 |title=♬ P. Leela, 'Forgotten' Singer Who Sang Unforgettable Songs in Tamil Cinema ♥ |url=http://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/41475 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129005426/https://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/41475 |archive-date=29 November 2022 |access-date=7 August 2018 |work=DBSJeyaraj.com}}</ref> "Yaaradi Nee Mohini", the first [[rock and roll]] dance song in Tamil cinema, is picturised on [[Hindi cinema]] dancer [[Helen (actress)|Helen]].<ref name="RANDOR">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=5 January 2013 |title=Blast from the Past: Uthama Puthran 1958 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/uthama-puthran-1958/article4276441.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907144552/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/uthama-puthran-1958/article4276441.ece |archive-date=7 September 2016 |access-date=14 February 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Ganesan, being trained in classical Indian dance, did not have any difficulty in learning or performing his dance moves.{{sfn |Ganesan |Narayana Swamy |2007 |p=118}} While shooting the song "Unnazhagai Kanniyargal" at [[Brindavan Gardens]] in [[Mysore]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balachandran |first=Logesh |date=2020-03-31 |title=Tuesday Trivia: Sivaji Ganesan’s Uthama Puthiran was the first Indian film to be shot using a zoom lens |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/tuesday-trivia-sivaji-ganesan-s-uthama-puthiran-was-the-first-indian-film-to-be-shot-using-a-zoom-lens-1661618-2020-03-31 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250225150315/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/tuesday-trivia-sivaji-ganesan-s-uthama-puthiran-was-the-first-indian-film-to-be-shot-using-a-zoom-lens-1661618-2020-03-31 |archive-date=2025-02-25 |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> Vincent needed to capture Padmini and Ganesan – who were far from each other – in the same frame, but was unable to do so in high resolution. He then borrowed a French tourist's lens and fitted it into his own [[Bolex|Paillard-Bolex]] 16 mm camera, giving a zoom effect and allowing Vincent to shoot as desired. The 16 mm footage was sent to London, where it was blown up to 35 mm.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=2 December 2012 |title=I worked with three Chief Ministers |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/i-worked-with-three-chief-ministers/article4155083.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330090931/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/i-worked-with-three-chief-ministers/article4155083.ece |archive-date=30 March 2018 |access-date=4 May 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Thus, ''Uthama Puthiran'' became the first Indian film to have the shots with zoom technique.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ram'nan |date=16-31 March 2015 |title=Quizzin' with Ram'nan |url=http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2024%20No%2023/quizzin.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330112808/http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2024%20No%2023/quizzin.html |archive-date=30 March 2018 |access-date=4 May 2018 |work=[[Madras Musings]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=சங்கர் |date=27 February 2015 |title=அஞ்சலி: ஏ.வின்சென்ட் {{!}} ஒளியில் கலந்த கலைஞன்! |trans-title=Tribute: A. Vincent {{!}} An artist immersed in light! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/32326-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209105911/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/32326-.html |archive-date=9 February 2021 |access-date=9 February 2021 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> The final length of the film measured {{convert|116044|feet|metres}}.<ref name="Anandan" />

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[G. Ramanathan]].<ref name="songbook" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Uthamaputhiran Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by G Ramanathan |url=https://mossymart.com/shop/uthamaputhiran-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-g-ramanathan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260423063548/https://mossymart.com/shop/uthamaputhiran-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-g-ramanathan/ |archive-date=23 April 2026 |access-date=2 January 2026 |website=Mossymart |language=en}}</ref> The song "Mullai Malar Mele" is set in the [[Carnatic raga]] known as [[Darbari Kanada]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=8 June 2012 |title=A Raga's Journey – Dynamic Durbarikaanada |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/a-ragas-journey-dynamic-durbarikaanada/article3504841.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228150931/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/a-ragas-journey-dynamic-durbarikaanada/article3504841.ece |archive-date=28 February 2018 |access-date=6 August 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>{{sfn |Sundararaman |2007 |p=144}} while "Kaathiruppan Kamalakannan" is a [[ragamalika]], i.e. set to multiple ragas. These include [[Saramati]], [[Jaunpuri (raga)|Jaunpuri]] and [[Natabhairavi]].{{sfn |Sundararaman |2007 |p=138}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=14 February 2014 |title=A rare treat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-rare-treat/article5688935.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712082100/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-rare-treat/article5688935.ece |archive-date=12 July 2021 |access-date=29 June 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> In "Yaaradi Nee Mohini", the lyric "Onnum Onnum Rendu" is based on "Sweet and Gentle" by [[Ben E. King]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishnamachari |first=Suganthy |date=2025-06-03 |title=Want information about any Hindi or Tamil film song? Ask record-collector T.S. Gopal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/music-documenter-collector-ts-gopal-shares-his-60-years-of-musical-journey/article69648505.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250612184056/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/music-documenter-collector-ts-gopal-shares-his-60-years-of-musical-journey/article69648505.ece |archive-date=12 June 2025 |access-date=2025-09-22 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length
|-
| "Muthe Pavalame" ||[[R. Balasaraswathi Devi]], [[A. P. Komala]]||[[A. Maruthakasi]]|| 05:28
|-
| "Yaaradi Nee Mohini" || [[T. M. Soundararajan]], A. P. Komala, [[K. Jamuna Rani]], [[Jikki]]||[[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]] || 07:06
|-
| "Moolai Neranjavanga" || T. M. Soundararajan, [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]] ||[[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]]||
|-
| "Mullai Malar Mele" || T. M. Soundararajan, [[P. Susheela]]||[[A. Maruthakasi]] || 03:22
|-
| "Mannulagellam Ponnulagaga" || Jikki, P. Susheela || Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam || 03:14
|-
| "Kaathiruppan Kamalakannan" || [[P. Leela]]|| Sundhara Vathiyar || 04:48
|-
| "Kondattam Manasukulle" || P. Leela || K. S. Gopalakrishnan || 03:55
|-
| "Anbe Amudhey" || T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela || A. Maruthakasi || 03:20
|-
| "Unnazhagai Kanniyargal" || P. Susheela || K. S. Gopalakrishnan || 04:45
|-
| "Pulli Vaikkiraan" || Sirkazhi Govindarajan, P. Leela ||[[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]]|| 02:03
|}

== Release and reception ==

''Uthama Puthiran'' was released on 7 February 1958,<ref name="Anandan" /> and was distributed by Ganesan's own company [[Sivaji Productions|Sivaji Films]] in Madras.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 January 1958 |title=Utthama Puthran |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19580125&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=7 August 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |location=Madras |pages=12 |language=en |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In a review dated 16 February 1958, the magazine ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' praised the acting by Ganesan, the grand making, songs and the fight scenes.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=முனுசாமி |last2=மாணிக்கம் |date=16 February 1958 |title=உத்தம புத்திரன் |url=https://www.vikatan.com/arts/nostalgia/36584--2 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121225114/https://www.vikatan.com/arts/nostalgia/36584--2 |archive-date=21 January 2022 |access-date=22 April 2020 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' lauded the cinematography but criticised the action choreography, comparing it unfavourably to ''[[Apoorva Sagodharargal (1949 film)|Apoorva Sagodharargal]]'' (1949). He also appreciated Sridhar's screenplay and dialogues, as well as many characters being able to act without relying on spoken words but visuals.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=23 February 1958 |title=உத்தம புத்திரன் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1958-02-23/page/n21/mode/2up |access-date=21 July 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=20–21 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> The film became a major commercial success, running for over 100 days in theatres.{{sfn |Ganesan |Narayana Swamy |2007 |p=240}} Its [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-dubbed version, ''Veera Pratap'', also performed well, having grossed over {{INRConvert|4|l|year=1958}}.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=24 September 2015 |title=Blast from the past: Illarikam (1959) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/starring-a-nageswara-rao-jamuna-girja-hemalatha-relangi-gummadi-ramana-reddy-csr-allu-ramalingaiah-r-nageswara-rao/article7685387.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209140112/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/starring-a-nageswara-rao-jamuna-girja-hemalatha-relangi-gummadi-ramana-reddy-csr-allu-ramalingaiah-r-nageswara-rao/article7685387.ece |archive-date=9 December 2016 |access-date=6 August 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> It was also dubbed in [[Hindi]] as ''Sitamgar''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 August 2013 |title=Did you know? |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrintGifMSIE_TOINEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOICH/2013/08/13&ChunkNum=0&ID=Ar02706 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505065625/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrintGifMSIE_TOINEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOICH/2013/08/13&ChunkNum=0&ID=Ar02706 |archive-date=5 May 2018 |access-date=4 May 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
The success of ''Uthama Puthiran'' established Ganesan as a [[bankable star]] in Tamil cinema.{{sfn |Joshi |Dudrah |2016 |p=79}} ''Uthama Puthiran'' was the inspiration behind ''[[Imsai Arasan 23rd Pulikecei]]'', a 2006 [[comedy film]] starring [[Vadivelu]] as the twins.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=14 July 2006 |title=Messages in a light vein – Imsai Arasan 23rd Pulikesi |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/messages-in-a-light-vein-imsai-arasan-23rd-pulikesi/article3218733.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203040642/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/messages-in-a-light-vein-imsai-arasan-23rd-pulikesi/article3218733.ece |archive-date=3 December 2014 |access-date=20 April 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=The Best of Tamil Cinema, 1931 to 2010: 1931–1976 |publisher=Galatta Media |year=2011 |oclc=733724281}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Ganesan |first1=Sivaji |author-link=Sivaji Ganesan |title=Autobiography of an Actor: Sivaji Ganesan, October 1928 – July 2001 |title-link=Autobiography of an Actor |last2=Narayana Swamy |first2=T. S. |publisher=Sivaji Prabhu Charities Trust |year=2007 |oclc=297212002 |orig-date=2002}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RggfDAAAQBAJ&q=Uthamaputhiran+(1958) |title=The 1970s and its Legacies in India's Cinemas |date=2016 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-83658-6 |editor-last=Joshi |editor-first=Priya |editor-last2=Dudrah |editor-first2=Rajinder}}
*{{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |location=Chennai |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{The Man in the Iron Mask}}

[[Category:1950s historical action films]]
[[Category:1958 action films]]
[[Category:1958 films]]
[[Category:1958 Indian films]]
[[Category:1958 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films about royalty]]
[[Category:Films about twin brothers]]
[[Category:Films based on The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later]]
[[Category:Films directed by T. Prakash Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. Ramanathan]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mysore]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by C. V. Sridhar]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian historical action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language historical action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Twins in Indian films]]

Kasia Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:29:37Z

Rishank124: creating the details w/ sources - done

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kasia
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Kushinagar district|Kushinagar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Padrauna Lok Sabha constituency]]
| type= SLA
}}
'''Kasia Vidhan Sabha constituency''' was one of the 425 [[Vidhan Sabha]] [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]] state in central [[India]]. It was a part of the [[Kushinagar district]] and one of the assembly constituencies in the [[Padrauna Lok Sabha constituency]]. Kasia Assembly constituency came into existence in 1974 and ceased to exist in 2008 as a result of "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008".<ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= 7 October 2017|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name=" Delimitation Order: 53-55 ">{{cite news|title=Delimitation Order: 53-55|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date= 7 October 2017|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/eci_publications/books/deli/DC-FINAL%20ORDER-53-55.pdf}}</ref><ref name=" Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 ">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=7 October 2017|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://elections.traceall.in/vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/Maniram-in-Uttar-pradesh | title=Uttar pradesh Assembly Election Results (constituency Wise) | publisher=elections.Traceall.in | access-date=12 October 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Members of Vidhan Sabha==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kasia Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/kasia-uttar-pradesh-assembly-constituency |access-date= |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''Till 1974 : See [[Kushinagar Assembly constituency|Kushinagar]]''}}
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Raj Mangal Pande]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (U)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (U)]]
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|[[Surya Pratap Shahi]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|Brahma Shankar Tripathi
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|[[Surya Pratap Shahi]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Brahma Shankar Tripathi
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
|[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|[[Surya Pratap Shahi]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| rowspan="2" |Brahma Shankar Tripathi
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''2012 onwards : See [[Kushinagar Assembly constituency|Kushinagar]]''}}
|}

==See also==
* [[Kushinagar]]
* [[Kushinagar Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Uttar Pradesh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Kushinagar district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1969]]
[[Category:1969 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

Dal bati

2026-04-15T13:42:13Z

Rishank124:

{{short description|Indian dish of lentils and unleavened bread}}
{{For|the dish with churma|Dal bati churma}}
{{refimprove|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}

'''Daal bati Churma''' is an [[Indian cuisine|Indian dish]] of [[dal]] (lentils) and [[bati (bread)|bati]] (hard wheat rolls).<ref>{{cite book |author=Dinesh Sharma & Madalsa Sharma |title=The Science and Art of Indian Cooking: Indian Cooking |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aZPXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PP20 |date=16 May 2014 |isbn=978-1-4828-2215-1 |pages=20 |publisher=Partridge }}</ref> It is popular in [[Rajasthan]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] (especially in [[Braj]], [[Nimar]] and [[Malwa]] regions), [[Maharashtra]]'s [[Khandesh]] and [[Vidarbha]] region, [[Gujarat]], and [[Uttar Pradesh]].

[[File:DalBati.jpg|thumb|Daal baati Churma]]

Daal is prepared using [[Pigeon pea|tuvaar dal]], chana daal (prepared by removing the skin of split [[chickpea]]s), [[Mung bean|mung dal]], [[Vigna aconitifolia|moth dal]], or [[Vigna mungo|urad dal]]. The pulses or lentils are cooked together after being soaked in water for a few hours. First, a small amount of [[vegetable oil]] is heated in a [[frying pan]] and then the seasoning ''rai-jeera'' (mustard and cumin seeds) is added to the hot oil. Then green [[chili pepper|chilli]], [[garlic]] and some spices including [[asafoetida]], red chilli, [[turmeric]], [[coriander]], and [[ginger]] are added. There may be a sweet and sour version of the dal in some regions. Finally, the boiled daal is added and cooked.
[[File:Baati being cooked, Pushkar camel fair.jpg|thumb|Batti being cooked over coal for ''daal baati'', [[Pushkar Camel Fair]].]]

Batti is a hard bread made up of [[wheat]] flour commonly known as ''aata''. Wheat flour is kneaded with salt, [[dahi (curd)|dahi]] (yogurt) and water. Tennis ball-sized round balls of this dough are cooked in a well-heated traditional oven or in an earthen stove. When the ''baati'' becomes golden brown in colour, it is greased with [[ghee]] and is then served with daal, rava laddoo, [[rice]], pudina [[chutney]], kairi (raw [[mango]]) chutney, garlic [[chutney]], green [[salad]] with much [[onion]], and fresh buttermilk.

== Dal baati churma ==
Dal baati [[churma]]<ref>{{cite news| title=Dal Baati Choorma Identity of Jodhpuri Taste| website=Patrika| date=20 August 2019 | url=https://www.patrika.com/jodhpur-news/dal-bati-choorma-identification-of-jodhpuri-taste-1-4987679/ | access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref> is a traditional dish from the state of Rajasthan. It is associated with the festivals of [[Makar Sankranti]] and [[Diwali]] in the Dhundhad region. It is also prepared on special occasions like marriage ceremonies and housewarming.

Dal baati is eaten with churma popularly in regions of Rajasthan and Haryana. Churma is a sweet dish made of coarsely grounded wheat flour, bajra (millet) flour,<ref>{{cite news| title=healthy millet choorma shots | website=Indian Express| date=31 January 2021 | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/enjoy-your-weekend-with-healthy-millet-choorma-shots-7168613/ | access-date=31 January 2021}}</ref> or semolina. It is made by grinding the fire-baked or fried dough balls and mixing them with ghee, powdered sugar or jaggery and dry fruits.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

== History ==
Information regarding the origins of the dish is scarce: however, it has long been a part of cuisines from the western region of India, i.e., Rajasthan, Haryana, and parts of Gujarat.<ref>{{cite news| title=The story of Dal Baati Churma | website=The Better India| date=2 November 2016 | url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/73751/story-dal-baati-churma-rajasthan/ | access-date=15 May 2021}}</ref>

Baati made of unsalted wheat, ghee and camel milk was first mentioned during the time of [[Bappa Rawal]]—the founder of the [[Udaipur State|kingdom of Mewar]] in Rajasthan. They were known as a nomadic warrior tribe before they settled into the tapestry of a kingdom and got Chittor in form of dowry from Maan Mori, Baati was the Guhilot's official wartime meal.<ref>{{cite news| title=Evolution of Dal Baati Churma | website=Indian Express| date=1 January 2015 | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/food-story-the-evolution-of-daal-baati-churma-and-litti-chokha/ | access-date=15 May 2021}}</ref>

Baati, a traditional dish, is said to have originated with soldiers who would break the dough into chunks and bury them under thin layers of sand to bake under the sun. According to anecdotal accounts, upon their return, soldiers would find perfectly baked roundels, which were then dunked in ghee. On occasion, curd or buttermilk might also have been added. Initially, Baati was paired with ghee and curd, but over time, Dal and Choorma became additional components of the meal. {{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

Some anthropologists suggest that at a grassroots level, Baati was still commonly paired with ghee and buttermilk or curd made from camel or goat milk, while the combination of Dal and Baati was more common among the upper caste. This shift may have been influenced by the presence of traders in Mewar or by culinary practices from the Gupta period, during which Panchmael Dal was considered a delicacy.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}} These connections are largely speculative, and the extent of their historical accuracy remains uncertain.

The inclusion of Choorma, now regarded as an integral part of the meal, is often attributed to the House of Mewar. Folklore holds that Choorma was discovered when a cook accidentally poured sugarcane juice into the Baati during wartime. Other stories suggest that homemakers soaked the Baatis in sugar or jaggery water to preserve them for their husbands, which eventually evolved into Choorma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Churma Recipe: Rajasthani Churma Recipe at Home {{!}} Homemade Churma Recipe - Times Food |url=https://recipes.timesofindia.com/recipes/churma/rs61603247.cms |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=recipes.timesofindia.com |language=en}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}} These origins are also anecdotal, and there is no definitive evidence to confirm the precise development of Choorma or its association with Dal Baati.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daal Baati Recipe: How to make Daal Baati Recipe at Home {{!}} Home made Daal Baat Recipe - Times Food |url=https://recipes.timesofindia.com/recipes/daal-baati/rs55130267.cms |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=recipes.timesofindia.com |language=en}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

==Dal bafla==
[[File:Daal Bafla.jpg|thumb|Dal Bafla at a restaurant in Mandu.]]
''Dal bafla'' ({{langx|hi|दाल बाफ़्ला}}) is a variation of Dal Baati, where the normal ''Bafla'' is boiled before baking it in a traditional Baati oven. Baati is replaced by the ''bafla'', a softer version of it. It is native to the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh. Although, parts of Rajasthan have been consuming Bafla and claim it to be native to their regions.

== See also ==

* [[Katt bafla]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commonscatinline}}

{{Indian Dishes}}

[[Category:Indian legume dishes]]
[[Category:Culture of Malwa]]
[[Category:Lentil dishes]]
[[Category:Rajasthani cuisine]]

Sendamangalam (disambiguation)

2026-04-05T11:54:43Z

Rishank124: Starting a post - done

'''[[Sendamangalam]]''' is a town, municipality, and taluk headquarters in Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India.

'''Sendamangalam''' may also refer to:
* [[Sendamangalam block]], a revenue block in Namakkal District
* [[Sendamangalam taluk]], a subdistrict of Namakkal District
* [[Senthamangalam (state assembly constituency)]]

{{geodis}}

Shrutadeva

2026-04-04T16:35:15Z

Rishank124: Starting a details - done

{{Short description|Devotee of Krishna in Hindu Puranas}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| religion = [[Sanatana]] [[Hinduism]]
| name = Shrutadeva
| native_name = श्रुतदेव
| native_name_lang = sa
| birth_place = [[Videha]]
| era = [[Dwapar Yuga]]
| region = [[Mithila region]]
| creed = [[Vaishnava]]
| known_for = Devotion to [[Lord Krishna]]
| location = [[Mithila region]]
}}
'''Shrutadeva''' ([[Sanskrit]]: श्रुतदेव) was a figure in [[Hinduism|Hindu]] [[Puranas|Puranic literature]]. He was described as a devotee of [[Krishna]] in the [[Videha|Kingdom of Mithila]]. He was contemporary to [[Bahulashva Janaka]] in [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2017-10-20 |title=Shrutadeva, Śrutadeva, Śrutadevā: 4 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/shrutadeva |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tejomayananda |first=Swami |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AHVSDwAAQBAJ&q=Shrutadeva |title=DISCOURSES ON SHRIMAD BHAGAVATA |date=2018-03-21 |publisher=Central Chinmaya Mission Trust |isbn=978-81-7597-709-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Books |first=Kausiki |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sXZJEAAAQBAJ&q=Shrutadeva |title=Bhagavatha Maha Purana 10th Skanda Part 3: English translation only without Slokas |date=2021-07-12 |publisher=Kausiki Books |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dhody |first=Chandan Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vLQyiYXIujEC&q=Bahulashva+Janaka |title=The Bhagavata |date=1994 |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-81-85880-46-4 |language=en}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
According to the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'', the literal meaning of the word ''Shrutadeva'' is a Deva associated with knowledge.<ref name=":1" />

== Description in Puranic literature ==
Shrutadeva was born in a family of [[Maithil Brahmin]] in the ancient [[Videha|Mithila Kingdom]].<ref name=":0" /> In the text ''Bhagavata Purana'', the sage [[Shuka|Shukhadeva]] introduced about a great [[Brahmin]] named as ''Shrutadeva'' while narrating the text to the king [[Parikshit|Parikshita]] of the [[Kuru kingdom|Kuru Kingdom]]. According to him, the Brahmin Shrutadeva was accomplished by all his goal of the life with the resolute single-minded devotion to the [[Krishna|Lord Krishna]]. He was full of devotional wisdom and free from any attachments to the material pleasure.<ref name=":0" /> Due to his devotional attitude [[Bhakti]] towards Lord Krishna, later he became one of the pāriṣadas i.e, members of the assembly, at the court of Lord Krishna in [[Dwarka]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2018-04-25 |title=Sri Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu Verse 3.2.31 |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/sri-bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu/d/doc218527.html |access-date=2024-11-13 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

In the section ''Vaishakhamasa Mahatmya'' of the second book known as ''Vaishnava Khanda'' of the text ''[[Skanda Purana]]'', there is a dialogue between the sage Shrutadeva and the king Bahulashva Janaka of Mithila about the salvation of [[Pishacha]]. In this dialogue, the sage explained the importance of the ritual known as ''Vaishakha Vrata'' performed in the month of [[Vaisakha|Vaishakha]]. He explained the importance of the ritual by giving the example of his own father's salvation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2020-02-29 |title=Salvation of a Piśāca (Goblin) [Chapter 7] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-skanda-purana/d/doc371709.html |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Hinduism]]
[[Category:Mithila (region)]]
[[Category:Vaishnava saints]]
[[Category:Mahabharata]]

{{Hindu-myth-stub}}

Mizo people in Myanmar

2026-04-02T15:30:35Z

Rishank124: Added Some Post V1...

{{Short description|People of Mizo descent in Myanmar}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Mizo people in Myanmar
| native_name = Kawlrama Mizote
| image = Mizo or Lushai Chin attire in Myanmar.png
| caption = Mizo or Lushai Chin attire shown in the National Races Village, [[Yangon]], Myanmar.
| population = 400,000{{efn|It may include people that only have partial Mizo ancestry.}}<ref>{{cite web | title=Myanmar Mizo | website=Kabaw Tlangval | date=20 November 2022 | url=https://lalremruatazohmun.wordpress.com| access-date=30 October 2023}}</ref>
| popplace = {{hlist|[[Kalay]]|[[Khampat]]|[[Mandalay]]|[[Pyin Oo Lwin]]|[[Rihkhawdar|Rihkhawthar]]|[[Tamu, Myanmar|Tamu]]|[[Taunggyi]]|[[Yangon]]}}
| rels = [[File:Christian cross.svg|12px]] [[Christianity]] | related_groups = {{hlist|[[Chin people]]|[[Mizo diaspora]]}}
| langs = {{hlist|[[Burmese language|Burmese]]|[[Mizo language|Standard Mizo]]| [[Hmar language|Hmar (Northern Mizo)]]}}
}}

The '''Lusei (Mizo) people in Myanmar''', historically the '''Burma National Lushais''' (Burmese:မြန်မာနိုင်ငံရှိ လူရှည်/လူရှိုင်း(မီဇိုး)လူမျိုးများ) are [[Burmese people|Myanmar citizens]] with full or partial [[Mizo people|Mizo]] ancestry. Although various Mizo tribes have lived in [[Myanmar]] for past centuries, the first wave of Mizos migrated back to Myanmar in the mid-19th to the 20th centuries.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Mizo In Burma |url=https://www.indianculture.gov.in/system/files/digitalFilesICWeb/ICrarebooks/mslrepository/146/History%20Of%20Mizo%20In%20Burma.pdf |website=Indian Culture |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>

The Mizo people do not influence the rest of Myanmar culturally, but [[Mizoram]], the native land of the Mizos, has helped refugees from Myanmar since 1962, after [[1962 Burmese coup d'état|Myanmar's first coup]]. It was more noticeable after the [[8888 Uprising]] in 1988 and the [[2021 Myanmar coup d'état|coup and civil war in 2021]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.himalmag.com/mizoram-refugee-crisis-chin-kukichin-bangladesh-myanmar-mizo-tribal-affinities-hostility/|title=In Mizoram, a refugee crisis highlights Mizo tribal affinities and hostility|date=2 June 2023|website=Himal Southasian|access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref> They have also raised funds, and the Chinlung Chuak Artists, a band of Mizo and Burmese singers, fundraise for the displaced in Myanmar.

The number of Mizos is estimated to be 250,000-400,000 in Myanmar. Over 200,000 reside in the town of [[Kalay]]. They are part of the [[Mizo diaspora]] and the larger [[Zo people|Zo community]].

==History==

The early Burmese Mizo people, historically referred to as Lu Shaing (Burmese: လူရှိုင်း), Lu Shay (Burmese: လူရှေ/လူရှည်), and Kalinkaw (Burmese: ကလင်ကော့), were known to have resided in the [[Kabaw Valley]], along the [[India–Myanmar border|Indo–Burmese border]]. Historical records suggest that during their time in the Kabaw Valley, they recognized the [[Bamar people|Burman]]'s sovereignty over the region and allied with local forces. Notably, a 1972 Burmese encyclopedia mentions that in the year 1823, 800 Mizos joined [[Maha Bandula]]'s [[cavalry]], contributing to the defense of the [[Khampat]] area from foreign incursions, including by constructing and safeguarding defensive walls.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://online.pubhtml5.com/shlu/mdus/|title=မြန်မာ့စွယ်စုံကျမ်း၊ အတွဲ (၁၂)|lang=my|page=34}}</ref>

The first census taken in the Chin Hills occurred in 1896 and showed 20 Mizo villages with 608 houses. In 1914, another wave of Mizos migrated, led by Kapmawia from [[Champhai district]]. Most Burmese Mizos have a military background. Around the 1940s in the [[British rule in the Lushai Hills|British Lushai Hills (present-day Mizoram)]], it was considered popular to join the [[Burmese Army]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/989166/why-mizo-groups-are-organising-events-to-show-solidarity-for-coup-protestors-in-myanmar|title=Why Mizos have come out to support protesters against Myanmar coup|first=C. V.|last=Lalmalsawmi|date=11 March 2021|website=Scroll.in|access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref> Hence, there were 500 Mizos in the Burmese Army in 1947, and that number grew to 3,000 in 1960.

C. Khuma (Challiankhuma), an Army Officer serving in Burma, wrote a tragic love story called ''Memiau Sanapui'' ([[Pyin Oo Lwin|Maymyo]] Clocktower) in 1946. It was published by the Burma Lushai Association in 1950. This tragedy was perhaps the first Mizo fiction ever printed and published outside Mizoram. ''Irrawaddy Luikamah'' (At the [[Bank (geography)|Bank]] of the Irrawaddy) by [[James Dokhuma]] was also written.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Writings in Mizo Manuscripts | url=https://namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/book_pdf/Writing%20in%20Mizo%20Manuscripts.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706104228/https://www.namami.gov.in/sites/default/files/book_pdf/Writing%20in%20Mizo%20Manuscripts.pdf | archive-date=2022-07-06}}</ref>

The first Mizo town in Myanmar founded by Mizo migrants is [[Letpankone]], in [[Sagaing Region]]; in Mizo, it is known as ''Sainguauva khua''.

In a government-led estimation in 1972, there were 83 Mizo villages with 5,736 homes, with 33,554 people, in Myanmar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kawl Rama Mizo Lut Hmasate Chanchin Part. 1 |url=https://www.indianculture.gov.in/system/files/digitalFilesICWeb/ICrarebooks/mslrepository/260/Kawl%20Rama%20Mizo%20Lut%20Hmasate%20Chanchin%20Part.%201.pdf |website=Indian Culture |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>

==Culture==
Most Burmese Mizos are [[Christians]] and speak [[Mizo language|Mizo]] and [[Burmese language|Burmese]]. [[Chapchar Kut]], a famous Mizo festival, is one of those that are celebrated publicly in [[Kalay]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news-eleven.com/article/98617|title=လူရှိုင်း (မီဇိုး) တိုင်းရင်းသားတို့၏ ကြပ်ကြာရ်ကုသ်ပွဲတော်ကို ကလေးမြို့တွင် ကျင်းပ|website=Eleven Media Group Co., Ltd|access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>

It has introduced some Mizo dishes to Myanmar such as these:

* Sabutui
* Bài
* Samțawk kàn

==Citizenship==
Most Mizos in Myanmar officially identify with the [[Chin people|Chin ethnic group]]. However, the [[Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League]] once encouraged Mizos to come from [[Mizoram]] and to settle in Myanmar. The same was true for the [[Manipuris]] as well. Some thought that those were tactics to let the party gain votes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kathuhlu.blogspot.com/2009/04/kawlram-mizo-chanchin-tlem.html|title=Saumbur: KAWLRAM MIZO CHANCHIN TLEM|date=3 April 2009|access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianculture.gov.in/archives/manipuris-and-lushais-settled-burma-jan-1948-questin-eligibility-burmese-nationality|title=Manipuris and Lushais settled in Burma of the Jan 1948-Questin of eligibility for Burmese Nationality|website=INDIAN CULTURE|access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>

==Notable Burmese Mizos==
*[[Vanlal Dawla]], boxer
*[[Zoramthanga (boxer)|Zoramthanga]], boxer
*[[Aye Nyein Thu]], doctor
*[[Aye Aye Mu (politician)|Aye Aye Mu]], politician
*[[Chaw Su Khin]], singer
*[[Lar Dint Htar Yi]], musician
*[[Mary Dawngi]], musician
*[[Nway Oo]]
*[[Omomi Khiangte]], musician
*[[SaiWanah]], musician
*[[Sasa (politician)|Sasa]], politician

==See also==
*[[Mizo people in Tripura]]
==References==
{{notelist}}

==Sources==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ethnic groups in Myanmar|Mizo}}
{{Kuki-Chin-Mizo tribes}}

[[Category:Ethnic groups in Myanmar]]
[[Category:Mizo people| ]]
[[Category:Indian diaspora in Myanmar]]
[[Category:Burmese people of Indian descent]]

Sherwood College

2026-03-27T14:34:31Z

Rishank124: add lead

{{short description|Private school in Uttarakhand, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Sherwood College
| image = File:Sherwood College emblem.png
| image_size = 150px
| caption = School crest
| established = {{start date and age|1869}}
| type = [[Independent school|Private]]
| affiliation = [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]], [[Indian School Certificate|ISC]], [[International General Certificate of Secondary Education|IGCSE]]
| district = [[Nainital district|Nainital]]
| grades = 3–12
| principal = Amandeep Sandhu
| faculty =
| staff =
| enrollment = 800
| athletics = [[Association football|Football]], [[cricket]], [[tennis]], [[basketball]], [[swimming (sport)|swimming]], [[field hockey]], [[badminton]], [[track and field]], [[table-tennis]]
| colors = Maroon, bottle green, white {{Color box|#800000}} {{Color box|#456750}} {{Color box|#FFFFFF}}
| mascot =
| houses = [[Robin Hood]], [[Friar Tuck]], [[Little John]], [[Allen-a-Dale]]
| motto = ''Mereat quisque palmam''
| motto_translation = ''Let each one merit his prize''
| location = [[Nainital]], [[Nainital district]], [[Uttrakhand]], India
| region =
| city =
| county =
| state =
| website = {{URL|www.sherwood.edu.in}}
}}

'''Sherwood College''' is a [[co-educational]] residential school in [[Nainital]], [[Uttrakhand ]], India. It was established in 1869 and is affiliated to CISCE and IGCSE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home - Sherwood College|url=http://www.sherwood.edu.in/|access-date=2020-06-22|website=www.sherwood.edu.in}}</ref>

The school has been described in ''[[The Economic Times]]'' as one of a group of "old, rich and popular schools — the [[Eton College|Eton]] equivalents in India ... These boarding schools are a state of mind in themselves, an attitude which can’t be duplicated".<ref name="Sch_forever">{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Aniruddha |last2=Naithani |first2=Ambika |title=At school, forever |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/at-school-forever/articleshow/322477.cms |access-date=5 April 2023 |work=The Economic Times |date=5 November 2006}}</ref>

==History==
<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sherwood Experience
|url=https://www.oldsherwoodians.org/page/demo-323}}</ref>
Sherwood was founded on 5 June 1869. It was the brain-child of Dr. Condon, H.S. Reid and others under the patronage of the Rt. Rev. Robert Milman, DD, the seventh Metropolitan of India. The idea took shape as the '''Diocesan Boys' High School, Naini Tal''', as Sherwood was called until 1937. Sherwood's sister school, formally known as the Diocesan Girls' High School, became All Saints' College, Nainital.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.allsaintscollege.org/the-school/history/|title=History - Allsaint College|last=Allsaint|work=Allsaint College|access-date=2018-10-01|language=en-US}}</ref>

Appeals to the public for funds were overwhelming, and a mixed school under Miss Bradbury was started at Petersfield. Its success was reflected in the large-scale rejection of applications for admission. The direct outcome of this pressure was to separate the girls from boys, the latter shifting to Stoneleigh near the Ramsay Hospital.

According to E. Atkinson's ''The Himalayan Gazetteer'' of 1882:
<blockquote>"In 1872 the number of pupils increased to 100, but still many applications were refused in consequence of the want of accommodation: The Committee then appealed to the general public for aid in erecting proper school buildings and met with generous response... In 1873 the Sherwood estate with house and magnificent grounds was purchased by the committee for the boys school and is perhaps the finest site and establishment of its kind in India. The report of the examiners show that both in the internal economy and in the character of the instruction imparted, the Diocesan schools thoroughly fulfill the designs of their founder's."</blockquote>

The school received notice to quit Sherwood so that a new Government House might be built. Accommodation was provided temporarily at Barnsdale near the present-day Secretariat. It was later decided to move the school to the 'health resort' of Khurpatal. Three houses on Alma hill — Tonnochy, Snow View and St. Cloud — served as temporary accommodation.

Land on a spur of Ayarpatta was acquired in 1897 and the [[foundation stone]] laid by Alfred, Lord Bishop of [[Lucknow]], on 5 June. From that day, 5 June has been reckoned as Founder's Day.

In 1918 the school was divided into four houses:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! House name !! Color !! Motto !! Translation
|-
| Robin Hood || Green || ''Stet fortuna dumas'' || Let the fortunes of the house prevail
|-
|Friar Tuck || Blue || ''Quis separabit nos'' || None can separate us
|-
|Allen-a-Dale || Red || ''No lite cedere'' || Never give in
|-
|Little John || Yellow || ''Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno'' || [[One for all and all for one]]
|}

In 1922 electricity came to Sherwood, and on 15 June of the same year the [[wikt:infirmary|infirmary]] was dedicated and sanctified.

The Horsman brothers, both old Sherwoodians, donated Rs. 75,000/- for the construction of the junior wing known as Horsman Wing, completed in 1927.

In 1937, the name of the school was changed from the Diocesan Boys' School to Sherwood College.

The Binns block was built on the northern side of the back quad; in the following year, Milman Hall was constructed. The new building was formally opened by Sir Harry Haig, Governor of the U.P. It now accommodates a school hall with a [[seating capacity]] of 600 and a [[gym]]nasium below.

The college chapel, originally dedicated on 1 October 1913, was re-dedicated to St. [[Barnabas]], the Apostle of Learning, on 5 June 1937. A [[stained-glass]] window depicting the [[Good Shepherd]] was erected on the school's [[Diamond Jubilee]] in 1929. The [[Hammond organ|Hammond electric organ]] was installed in 1939. On Founder's Day, 5 June 1940, a [[teak]] altar and altar rails were dedicated to the memory of 'Old Tom' Taylor, a member of the college from 1884 to 1932. The following winter, the wooden paneling of 'shisham' was placed around the chapel and dedicated on Founder's Day 1941. In the same year at the Annual Confirmation Service the teak door was dedicated.

In 1947, the Old Sherwoodians Society had a [[commemorative plaque|plaque]] fabricated bearing the legend 'Sacred to the memory of Old Sherwoodians who made the Supreme Sacrifice in World War II', which lists the names of those who fell in action. Another roll of honour bearing the names of those who were in active service in World War II hangs in Milman Hall.

By 1948, [[Independence Day (India)|independence]] had come to India and changes needed to be made. With the exodus of British families, numbers had dropped to a level hardly sufficient to sustain the establishment, but by 1957 the school had approximately 370 boys on its rolls. Additions were made, including an upper floor which was added to the infirmary, and the foundation-stone of the study block (now called Llewelyn Block, the top floor of which has since been demolished to provide an unrestricted view of the plains) was laid. A [[swimming pool]] was built.

In 1973, D.R.A. Mountford assumed headship. Between 1973 and 2003 a phased programme of renovation and construction was enacted. The school switched over to the 10+2 pattern under the Indian School Certificate in 1975, when the first batch appeared for the ICSE (class 10) examination. This was the year the last batch of ISC (year 11) appeared for the board examination. The first batch of ISC-12 appeared for the board examination in March 1978.

Two recent innovations have been the introduction of a Computer Literacy program for all students in classes 6 to 12 and the introduction of co-education at class 3 stage onwards.

The school has since seen a downfall in popularity with the new Principal (2004-) Amandeep Singh Sandhu, who has been subject to scrutiny and controversy for his role overseeing the death of 3 children due to negligence on the school administration, and avoiding jailtime due to his connection to stronger inner government officers etc. There have been calls for his removal which have since been either dismissed or avoided following news reports [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sherwood-principal-gets-jail-in-students-death-case/articleshow/92558198.cms of the same ]

==Motto and colours==

The school's motto, in Latin, is ''Mereat Quisque Palmam'', meaning "Let each one merit his prize".

Sherwood was named after the [[Sherwood Foresters]], and the school flag borrowed from their colours: [[bottle green]], [[maroon (colour)|maroon]] and [[white (colour)|white]]. The houses are [[Allen-a-Dale]] or AD (red), [[Robin Hood]] or RH (green), [[Friar Tuck]] or FT (blue), and [[Little John]] or LJ (yellow), all named after [[Robin Hood|Robin Hood and his Merry Men]]. Among the recent additions is the purple banner of the girls ([[Maid Marian]]).

==Campus and activities==

{{unreferenced section|date=November 2022}}
The school is on a large, sprawling campus on the Ayarpata hill (one among the seven hills that boundary [[Nainital]] Lake). The school is divided into two parts: Dixon Wing (grades 7-12) and Horsman Wing (grades 3-6). There are separate dormitories for the students of both wings. The girls' dormitories are with the new teachers' residences, a little away from the main campus. The campus is an aesthetic blend of post-Edwardian style buildings embellished with Gothic patterned windows, Romanesque arches, oak-panelled walls, sturdy timber beams, quadrangles, and modern buildings.<ref name="educationworld.in">{{Cite web |title=Sherwood College, Nainital, Uttarakhand
|url=https://www.educationworld.in/sherwood-college-nainital/}}</ref><ref name="prefaceinstitute.com">{{Cite web |title=Exploring Sherwood College, Ayarpatta, Nainital: A Legacy of Excellence
|url=https://prefaceinstitute.com/sherwood-college-ayarpatta-nainital/}}</ref>

It is mandatory for all students to participate in sports and extracurricular cultural activities, such as theatre, music (Indian and Western), [[fine arts]], [[elocution]], [[debate|debating]], and bi-annual group excursions.<ref name="educationworld.in"/>

The Art Block houses the Indian and Western music departments on the ground floor. The school has its own band. The first floor contains the Art department where the varieties range from crafts like [[batik]] and pottery to oil canvas painting. There is a Photography Club, a Hindi Literary Society, an English Literary Society and Senior and Junior Dramatics Societies. On basis of their evaluation in co-curricular activities, the houses are awarded the Co-Curricular Activities Cup at the Founders Prize ceremony.<ref name="educationworld.in"/>

The chapel (dedicated to [[Barnabas|Saint Barnabas]]) is on the front quad (or [[quadrangle (architecture)|quadrangle]]), with views of the [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] hills descending into the ''[[Terai]]'' (the plains).

[[File:Mig-21 Sherwood College.jpg|thumb|center|MiG-21FL seen installed over the scoreboard structure at the playground in Sherwood College.]]
In 2011, A phased-out [[MiG-21]] FL was installed in the college. The plane had been promised by the then Air Marshal Sumit Mukherjee who was the chief guest at the Founder’s Day celebrations in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MiG-21FL [C1153] at Sherwood College
|url=https://www.warbirdsofindia.com/uttarpradesh/mig-21fl-c1153-at-sherwood-college/}}</ref>

==Principals==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! From !! To
|-
| Rev. E. Baston || 1869 || 1880
|-
| R.J. Elliott || 1880 || 1886
|-
| Rev. A. Hancock || 1887 || 1892
|-
| Rev. E. Munro || 1893 || 1896
|-
| Rev. R. Biggs || 1897 || 1898
|-
| R.C. Rosselet || 1899 || 1902
|-
| W.A. Pemberton || 1903 || 1906
|-
| C.H. Dixon || 1907 || 1932
|-
| Rev. A.E. Binns || 1932 || 1947
|-
| R.T. Lean || 1948 || 1951
|-
| Rev. R.C. Llewelyn || 1951 || 1966
|-
| C.D. Beaman || 1967 || 1970
|-
| T.A.C. Kemp || 1972 || 1972
|-
| D.R.A. Mountford || 1973 || 2003
|-
| Amandeep Sandhu || 2004 || present
|}

==Notable alumni==
{{alumni|date=November 2022}}

===Armed forces===
Approximately 300 alumni were on Active Service in World Wars 1 and 2:
[[File:Sam Manekshaw 2008 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Sam Manekshaw]]

* Field Marshal [[Sam Manekshaw|S.H.F.J. Manekshaw]], Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, MC, former Chief of the Army Staff, Indian Army <ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news |title=Amitabh to join Sherwood alumni meet |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/280257.cms|access-date=12 November 2003 |newspaper=The Times of India | date=12 November 2003 |language=en}}</ref>
* Air Marshal [[Subroto Mukerjee]] OBE, First Indian Chief of Indian Air Force. (Mentioned - In - Despatches 1943)
* General [[Vishwa Nath Sharma]], PVSM, former Chief of the Army Staff, Indian Army <ref>{{Cite web |title=Military Digest: The young-at-100 Lt Gen Surendra Nath 'Tindi' Sharma
|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/young-100-lt-gen-surendra-nath-tindi-sharma-8973454/ |website=Indian Express |date=8 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* Lt Gen Surinder Nath 'Tindy' Sharma PVSM AVSM, Engineer -in- Chief, Indian Army
* Air Vice Marshal Jemji Hormusji Framji Manekshaw PVSM AVSM, (Director of Medical Research), Indian Air Force
* Vice Admiral [[Anil Chopra (admiral)|Anil Chopra]] PVSM AVSM, (Western Naval Command C-in-C), Indian Navy
* Lt Gen Sir [[Martin Garrod]], KCB CMG OBE DL Commandant General, Royal Marines (UK)
* Lieutenant General [[Syed Ata Hasnain]], Indian Army <ref>{{Cite web |title='Don't call me Uncle. Call me Sam'|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/column/syed-ata-hasnain-a-general-remembers-sam-manekshaw/20231201.htm|website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref> PVSM UVSM AVSM SM Bar to VSM
* Lt Gen [[Sami Khan (general)|Sami Khan]], PVSM SM Indian Army
* Major [[Somnath Sharma]] PVC, Indian Army first recipient of India's highest wartime gallantry award Param Vir Chakra <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2023 |title=Gov attends 154th Founding Day of Sherwood College |url=https://garhwalpost.in/gov-attends-154th-founding-day-of-sherwood-college/ |language=en}}</ref>
* Captain Pratap Singh MVC, Indian Army. Recipient of India's 2nd highest wartime Gallantary award.
* Brigadier Sher Pratap Singh Shrikent MVC, Indian Army. Recipient of India's 2nd highest wartime Gallantry award.
* Air Commodore Kuldeep Singh Sahota VrC, Indian Air Force. Recipient of India's 3rd highest wartime Gallantry award.
* Major Abdul Rafey Khan VrC, Indian Army. Recipient of India's 3rd highest wartime Gallantry award.
* Air Marshal Sumit Mukherjee SC PVSM VSM, (Air Officer C-in-C), Indian Air Force. Recipient of India's 3rd highest peacetime Gallantary award.
* Air Marshal Michael McMahon AVSM VM (Vice Chief of Air Staff), Indian Air Force. (Mentioned - in - Despatches 1966 & 1972)

===Performing Arts===

* [[Neville Bower]], composer and concert pianist

List of film actors:
[[File:Amitabh Bachchan 2014.jpg|thumb|Amitabh Bachchan]]
* [[Amitabh Bachchan]]<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/>
* [[Kabir Bedi]]<ref name="ommcomnews.com">{{Cite web |title='Mismanagement, Falling Standards Forcing Sherwood College To Advertise'|url=https://ommcomnews.com/india-news/mismanagement-falling-standards-forcing-sherwood-college-to-advertise |access-date=11 March 2021 |website=Ommcom |date=4 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Dalip Tahil]]
* [[Nikhil Dwivedi]]
* [[Ram Kapoor]]
* [[Jameel Khan]]
* [[Vivek Mushran]]<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/>
* [[Vipul Roy]] a television and film actor
* [[Sean Banerjee]], a television actor
* [[Anshul Pandey]]<ref>{{cite web|title=For Anshul Pandey, onscreen parents Jai Kalra and Tarana Raja are guiding forces|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/anshul-pandey-onscreen-parents-jai-kalra-and-tarana-raja-are-guiding-forces|website=Tellychakar|accessdate=26 October 2016}}</ref>{{coord|29.3830|79.4532|type:edu_region:IN-UT|display=title}}

===Other alumni===

* [[Fateh Chand Badhwar]], OBE, MBE (Mil.) Padma Vinhushan Indian civil servant, first [[Chairman Railway Board (India)]]<ref name="prefaceinstitute.com"/>
* [[Angad Vir Singh Bajwa]], Olympic Shooter, Skeet final round [[ISSF Olympic skeet#Current world records|world record]] holder
* [[Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai]] Padma Vibhushan (Former Governor Haryana, Bihar & West Bengal) (Former MP Rajya Sabha)
* [[Virendra Dayal]], IAS, senior UN official
* [[Rajeev Dhavan]], Senior Advocate, a human rights activist, author, and Commissioner of the [[International Commission of Jurists]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajeev Dhavan|url= https://www.rajeevdhavan.com/about|language=en}}</ref>
* Justice [[Ravi S. Dhavan]], former Chief Justice of Patna High Court
* [[Salman Haidar]], former [[Foreign Secretary of India]], former Indian high commissioner to the United Kingdom <ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/>
* [[Rahul Johri]], Former CEO of [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI), Former President [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises|Zee Entertainment]] Enterprises India Ltd<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bareilly man Rahul Johri becomes BCCI CEO
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bareilly/bareilly-man-rahul-johri-becomes-bcci-ceo/articleshow/51932918.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=21 April 2016 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Cass Mann]], AIDS activist{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}
* [[Kaleem Omar]], Pakistani journalist{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}
* [[Hemang Dixit]], Nepalese educator, author, and paediatrician<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Hemang Dixit
|url=https://kmc.academia.edu/ProfHemangDixit}}</ref>
* [[Jim Corbett]] CIE OBE, Indo-British hunter, tracker, naturalist and author <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lord Jim: The man and his arms |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/lord-jim-the-man-and-his-arms-tribute-to-the-legendary-hunter-jim-corbett-and-writer-on-the-eve-of-his-birth-anniversary/cid/1876226}}</ref>
* [[Gyanendra Pandey (historian)|Gyanendra Pandey]], former chair of the Department of Anthropology at Johns Hopkins University
* [[Jitendra Prasada]], Indian politician and a former vice-president of the Indian National Congress <ref name="ommcomnews.com"/>
* [[Jitin Prasada]], Minister of PWD [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]], former Union Minister <ref>{{Cite news |title=UPA's Sachin Pilot, Agatha Sangma & Jitin Prasada on matters personal &political|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/interviews/upas-sachin-pilot-agatha-sangma-jitin-prasada-on-matters-personal-political/articleshow/7792858.cms?from=mdr |newspaper=The Economic Times | date=27 March 2011 |language=en | last1=Banerjee | first1=Soma }}</ref>
* [[Anurag Sharma (politician)]], Parliamentarian and Industrialist <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Anurag Sharma |url=https://www.anuragsharma.me/about_us |website=Anurag Sharma |date=19 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ray Whiteside]], Australian Olympic [[field hockey]] player
* [[Rattan Chadha|Sir Kul Rattan Chadha]], Founder & Former CEO [[Mexx|Mexx International]], Knighted by [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Queen Beatrice]] of [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|The Netherlands]] in 2000, Awarded the Grand Seigneur award of the Netherlands – the highest award in the country for excellence in branding and lifestyle marketing.


==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.sherwood.edu.in/}}
* [http://www.oldsherwoodians.org Old Sherwoodians]

[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Education in Nainital]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1869]]
[[Category:1869 establishments in India]]

Kader Khan

2026-03-25T07:39:43Z

Rishank124: enhanced information and updated info

{{short description|Indian actor, comedian, screenwriter, and producer (1937–2018)}}
{{pp-pc}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kader Khan
| image = Kader Khan Sahab.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Khan in 2013
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1937|10|22|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kabul]], [[Kingdom of Afghanistan]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|12|31|1937|10|12|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Mississauga]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]
| occupation = {{Hlist|[[actor|Film actor]]|[[screenwriter]]|[[comedian]]|[[film producer]]}}
| years_active = 1971–2018
| works = [[Kader Khan filmography|Full list]]
| spouse = Azra Khan
| children = 3 (including [[Sarfraz Khan (actor)|Sarfraz Khan]])
| honours = [[Padma Shri]] (2019; posthumously)
| alma_mater = [[Ismail Yusuf College]]
}}

'''Kader Khan''' (22 October 1937 – 31 December 2018) was an Indian actor, [[screenwriter]] and [[film producer]]. As an actor, he appeared in over 300 [[Bollywood]] films after his acting debut in the film ''[[Daag: A Poem of Love|Daag]]'' in 1973, starring [[Rajesh Khanna]], as a prosecuting [[lawyer|attorney]].<ref name="haham"/> He was a prolific actor and screenwriter in Hindi cinema, from the late 1970s to the late 1990s and wrote dialogues for 200 films. Born in [[Afghanistan]], Khan graduated from [[Ismail Yusuf College]] affiliated to [[Mumbai University]]. Before entering the film industry in 1971, he was a professor of [[civil engineering]] in [[M. H. Saboo Siddik College of Engineering]], [[Mumbai]].<ref name="Rediff_interview2012" />

==Early life and education==
Kader Khan was born in [[Kabul]], [[Kingdom of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]], on 22 October 1937 into a [[Sunni Muslim]] family.<ref name="haham">{{cite news |url=http://www.haham.net/kader_khan_interview.htm |title=An interview with Kader Khan in Pune |date=February 2007 |access-date=1 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123144104/http://www.haham.net/kader_khan_interview.htm |archive-date=23 November 2011 |url-status=dead |quote=Basically, I belonged to a staunch Muslim family, born in Kabul.}}</ref><ref name="Shamshad TV">{{cite web|title=Kader Khan Full Interview 2012 with Pashto - Shamshad Tv|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86Cxy1bpSwo |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/86Cxy1bpSwo |archive-date=21 December 2021 |url-status=live|website=YouTube| date=7 May 2012 |publisher=Shamshad TV|access-date=26 November 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Khan was an ethnic [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] of the [[Kakar]] tribe.<ref name="Shamshad TV" /> His father was [[Mawlawi (Islamic title)|Maulvi]] Abdul Rahman Khan from [[Kandahar]], [[Afghanistan]] while his mother was Iqbal Begum from [[Pishin, Pakistan|Pishin]] in the [[Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province)|Baluchistan Province]] of [[British India]] (now in [[Balochistan, Pakistan]]).<ref name="Shamshad TV" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1879057/4-kader-khan-kakar-balochistan-ruled-bollywood/|title=Kader Khan: The Kakar from Balochistan who ruled Bollywood|last=Tribune.com.pk|date=1 January 2019|website=The Express Tribune|language=en|access-date=4 April 2020|archive-date=4 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304113354/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1879057/4-kader-khan-kakar-balochistan-ruled-bollywood/|url-status=live}}</ref> Khan's father was a [[Ulama|scholar of Islam]], a postgraduate in [[Arabic literature|Arabic]] and [[Urdu literature|Urdu]], who opened an Islamic institute in the [[Netherlands]] to teach Islam to the local [[Dutch people|Dutch]], and he often tasked Khan to translate books into [[Arabic]].<ref name="Rediff_interview2012" /><ref name=":0"/> Khan had three brothers, Shams ur Rehman, Fazal Rehman and Habib ur Rehman. His cousin Akbar Khan Kakar hosted a popular show on [[Radio Pakistan]]'s [[Quetta]] branch.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahmood |first=Rafay |date=1 January 2019 |title=Kader Khan: The Kakar from Balochistan who ruled Bollywood |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1879057/kader-khan-kakar-balochistan-ruled-bollywood?amp=1 |website=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref>

Khan was raised in the [[Kamathipura]] neighbourhood of [[Mumbai]] after his family moved there from [[Kabul]].<ref name="hindu_passes" /> Khan had described the locality as being known for drug-peddlers, [[Rum-running|bootleggers]] and prostitution.<ref name="A man of many words">{{cite news |date=12 May 2012 |title=A man of many words |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/features/a-man-many-words-2333448 |access-date=22 July 2025 |work=Deccan Herald}}</ref> He enrolled in a local municipal school and later in the [[Ismail Yusuf College]]<ref name="Rediff_interview2012" /> after which he graduated in engineering, specialising in [[civil engineering]]. Between 1970 and 1975, he taught at [[M. H. Saboo Siddik College of Engineering]] in [[Byculla]] as a professor of [[civil engineering]].<ref name="Rediff_interview2012" /><ref name="hindu_passes" /> Subjects he taught included [[applied mathematics]] and [[mechanics]].<ref name="Rediff_interview2012" /> As a teacher, he was known for making these subjects more accessible to the weaker students.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last=Farook |first=Farhana |date=2 January 2019 |title=Exclusive: Excerpts from Filmfare's last interview with late Kader Khan |url=https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/exclusive-excerpts-from-filmfares-last-interview-with-late-kader-khan-31948.html |access-date=22 July 2025 |work=Filmfare}}</ref>

Mainly inspired by [[Russian literature]] and culture, with figures such as [[Konstantin Stanislavski|Stanislavsky]], [[Anton Chekhov|Chekhov]] and [[Fyodor Dostoevsky|Dostoevsky]],<ref name=":0" /> Khan used to write plays for colleges, also acting in them, while he was still a teacher.<ref name="A man of many words"/> While performing in a play named ''Taash Ke Patey'', he was noted by comedian [[Agha (actor)|Agha]] who then suggested actor [[Dilip Kumar]] to see the play. [[Dilip Kumar]] was impressed and signed him up for his next films, ''[[Sagina (film)|Sagina]]'' and ''[[Bairaag]]''. During an interview with [[Rediff.com|''Rediff'']], Khan recalled this as the incident that started his film career.<ref name="Rediff_interview2012" /> He used to write plays for theatres and was subsequently offered to write the script of ''[[Jawani Diwani]]'', which started his career as a scriptwriter<ref name="Rediff_interview2012" /><ref name="hindu_passes" /> and for which Khan received 1500 rupees.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Avijit |date=2 January 2019 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/writer-actor-kader-khan-passes-away/articleshow/67339985.cms|title=Writer-actor Kader Khan passes away at 81 |work=The Times of India |access-date=5 January 2020}}</ref>

==Career==

===Actor===
Khan acted in over 300<ref name="haham"/> films in [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]] and wrote dialogue for over 250 Indian films, from the 1970s up to the turn of the 21st century.<ref name="myasia-bollywood.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.myasia-bollywood.com/film-list/kader-khan|title=Kader Khan - Movies List|access-date=13 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129064228/http://www.myasia-bollywood.com/film-list/kader%2Dkhan|archive-date=29 January 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> At the insistence of [[Rajesh Khanna]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationnext.in/kader-khan-passes-away-at-81/|title=Veteran actor Kader Khan passes away at 81|work=Nation Next |date=1 January 2019|access-date=5 January 2020|archive-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619082725/https://nationnext.in/kader-khan-passes-away-at-81/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Manmohan Desai]] paid him the high amount of one lakh twenty-one thousand ({{Lakh|1.21}}) for writing dialogue for the film ''[[Roti (1974 film)|Roti]]'' (1974), which was produced by Khanna himself.<ref name="Rediff_interview2012">{{cite news |title=The Kader Khan interview you must read |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/special/the-kader-khan-interview-you-must-read/20190101.htm |publisher=Rediff |access-date=1 January 2019 |archive-date=2 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102002331/https://www.rediff.com/movies/special/the-kader-khan-interview-you-must-read/20190101.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

He was most popularly recognised for working with actors [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Jeetendra]], [[Feroz Khan (actor, born 1939)|Feroz Khan]], [[Mithun Chakraborty]], [[Anil Kapoor]], [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] and in films directed by [[T. Rama Rao]], [[K. Raghavendra Rao]], [[K. Bapaiah]], [[Narayana Rao Dasari]], [[David Dhawan]]. He has worked side by side with other comedians like [[Asrani]], [[Shakti Kapoor]] and [[Johnny Lever]].<ref name="myasia-bollywood.com"/> He has co-starred with [[Amrish Puri]], [[Prem Chopra]], [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] and [[Anupam Kher]] in many films. He has played a large variety of parts in different genres of films like comedy, action, romance, family, social and political.<ref name="hindu_passes">{{cite news |last1=Joshi |first1=Namrata |title=Veteran actor-writer Kader Khan passes away at 81 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/veteran-actor-writer-kader-khan-passes-away-at-81/article25878158.ece |work=The Hindu |date=1 January 2019 |access-date=1 January 2019 |archive-date=2 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102050744/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/veteran-actor-writer-kader-khan-passes-away-at-81/article25878158.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

Khan made his debut with ''[[Daag (1973 film)|Daag]]'', starring [[Rajesh Khanna]] in the main lead role, wherein Khan played the supporting role of an advocate.<ref name="hindu_passes" /> He subsequently starred as supporting artist with roles in ''[[Dil Diwana]]'', ''[[Muqaddar Ka Sikandar]]'' and ''[[Mr. Natwarlal]]''.<ref name="NDTV_veteran">{{cite news |title=Film Veteran Kader Khan, Who Engineered Some of the Biggest Hits Of the 80s And 90s |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/film-veteran-kader-khan-who-engineered-some-of-the-biggest-hits-of-80s-and-90s-1970974 |access-date=1 January 2019 |publisher=NDTV |date=1 January 2019 |archive-date=1 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101121526/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/film-veteran-kader-khan-who-engineered-some-of-the-biggest-hits-of-80s-and-90s-1970974 |url-status=live }}</ref> 

He also started getting roles as a supporting actor after 1984, with films like ''[[Masterji]]'', ''[[Dharm Adhikari]]'', ''[[Nasihat]]'', ''[[Dosti Dushmani]]'', ''[[Ghar Sansar]]'', ''[[Loha (1987 film)|Loha]]'', ''[[Insaniyat Ke Dushman]]'', ''[[Insaf Ki Pukar]]'', ''[[Khudgarz]]'', ''[[Sherni (1988 film)|Sherni]]'', ''[[Khoon Bhari Maang]]'', ''[[Sone Pe Suhaaga]]'' and ''[[Vardi (film)|Vardi]]''. From 1988, he starred in films written with him in main lead, like ''[[Karz Chukana Hai]]'', ''[[Jaisi Karni Waisi Bharnii]]'', ''[[Biwi Ho To Aisi]]'', ''[[Ghar Ho To Aisa]]'', ''[[Hum Hain Kamaal Ke]]'' and ''[[Baap Numbri Beta Dus Numbri]]''.<ref name="hindu_passes" />

His first attempt at comedy was with ''[[Himmatwala (1983 film)|Himmatwala]]'' and ''[[Aaj Ka Daur]]''. He started doing main comedy roles from 1989 onwards, with films like ''[[Kishen Kanhaiya]]'', ''[[Hum (film)|Hum]]'', ''[[Ghar Parivar]]'', ''[[Bol Radha Bol]]'' and continued through the nineties with comedy roles in ''[[Aankhen (1993 film)|Aankhen]]'', ''[[Taqdeerwala]]'', ''[[Main Khiladi Tu Anari]]'', ''[[Dulhe Raja]]'', ''[[Coolie No. 1 (1995 film)|Coolie No. 1]]'', ''[[Saajan Chale Sasural]]'', ''[[Sooryavansham]]'', ''[[Judaai (1997 film)|Judaai]]'', ''[[Aunty No. 1]]'', ''[[Bade Miyan Chote Miyan (1998 film)|Bade Miyan Chote Miyan]]'', ''[[Raja Babu (film)|Raja Babu]]'', ''[[Khuddar]]'', ''[[Chhote Sarkar (1996 film)|Chhote Sarkar]]'', ''[[Gharwali Baharwali]]'', ''[[Hero Hindustani]]'', ''[[Sirf Tum]]'' and ''[[Anari No. 1]]''. Even in early 2000s, he attempted versatile roles with films like ''[[Akhiyon Se Goli Maare]]'', ''[[Chalo Ishq Ladaaye]]'', ''[[Suno Sasurjee]]'', ''[[Yeh Hai Jalwa]]'' and ''[[Mujhse Shaadi Karogi]]''.<ref name="Rediff_Govinda">{{cite news |title=Govinda: Kader Khan was a father figure to me |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/kader-khan-was-a-father-figure-to-me-govinda/20190102.htm |publisher=Rediff |access-date=2 January 2019 |archive-date=2 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102193434/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/kader-khan-was-a-father-figure-to-me-govinda/20190102.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> His work as a comedian was notable in ''Himmatwala'', ''Aankhen'' and ''Coolie No. 1''.<ref name="Express_rumor">{{cite news |title=Kader Khan alive, death rumours a hoax |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kader-khan-alive-death-rumours-a-hoax/ |publisher=The Indian Express |date=3 April 2016 |language=en-IN |access-date=1 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217212120/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kader-khan-alive-death-rumours-a-hoax/ |archive-date=17 February 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

He starred in his comedy television series titled ''Hasna Mat'' ({{Translation|Don't laugh}}), which aired on [[Star Plus]] in 2001. He made a comeback on [[Indian television]] with a comedy series ''Hi! Padosi... Kaun Hai Doshi?'' on [[Sahara One]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.desiclub.com/bollywood/bollywood_features/bolly_article.cfm?id=2513 |title=Kader Khan chooses television over films |access-date=13 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928043130/http://www.desiclub.com/bollywood/bollywood_features/bolly_article.cfm?id=2513 |archive-date=28 September 2013 }}</ref>

Khan later appeared in ''[[Lucky: No Time for Love]]'' (2006) and ''[[Family: Ties of Blood]]'' (2006).<ref name="CinestaanLucky">{{cite web |title=Lucky: No Time for Love (2005) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/lucky-no-time-for-love-9996/cast-crew |website=Cinestaan |access-date=2 January 2019 |archive-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103010354/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/lucky-no-time-for-love-9996/cast-crew |url-status=live}}</ref> His last screen appearance was in ''Masti Nahi Sasti'' (2017).<ref>{{cite news |title=Kader Khan (1937-2019): A pictorial tribute to the actor-screenwriter |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/kader-khan-1927-2019-a-pictorial-tribute-to-the-actor-screenwriter-5518067 |work=The Indian Express |date=1 January 2019 |access-date=30 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=On Kader Khan's death anniversary, 10 facts about the actor |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/on-kader-khan-s-death-anniversary-10-facts-about-the-actor-who-could-make-anyone-laugh-and-cry/story-wwSBJme7TDkY7wrrbeAIuO.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=31 December 2019 |access-date=30 October 2025}}</ref>

===Screenwriter===
[[Rajesh Khanna]] is credited with giving Khan his break as a dialogue writer in his film ''Roti''<ref name="hindu_passes" /> and thereafter he wrote dialogues for films with [[Rajesh Khanna]] in the lead like ''[[Maha Chor]]'', ''[[Chhailla Babu]]'', ''[[Dharam Kanta]]'', ''[[Fiffty Fiffty]]'', ''[[Naya Kadam]]'', ''[[Masterji]]'', and ''Nasihat'', all of which were hit films at the box office. Other successful films for which he has written or assisted in dialogues include films starring Jeetendra like ''Himmatwala'', ''[[Jaani Dost]]'', ''[[Sarfarosh (1985 film)|Sarfarosh]]'', ''[[Justice Chaudhury]]'', ''[[Farz Aur Kanoon]]'', ''[[Jeeo Aur Jeene Do]]'', ''[[Tohfa]]'', ''[[Qaidi (1984 film)|Qaidi]]'' and ''[[Haisiyat]]''.<ref name="hindu_passes" />

As a screenwriter, Kader Khan has worked with [[Manmohan Desai]] and [[Prakash Mehra]] for their films starring Amitabh Bachchan. Besides Amitabh, he was the only one to work in the rival camps of Mehra and Desai. His films with Desai include ''[[Dharam Veer (film)|Dharam Veer]]'', ''[[Gangaa Jamunaa Saraswati]]'', ''[[Coolie (1983 Hindi film)|Coolie]]'', ''[[Desh Premee]]'', ''[[Suhaag (1979 film)|Suhaag]]'', ''[[Parvarish (1977 film)|Parvarish]]'' and ''[[Amar Akbar Anthony]]''<ref name="Rediff_interview2012" /> and films with Prakash Mehra include ''[[Jwalamukhi (1980 film)|Jwalamukhi]]'', ''[[Sharaabi]]'', ''[[Laawaris (1981 film)|Lawaaris]]'' and ''[[Muqaddar Ka Sikandar]]''.<ref name="NDTV_veteran" /><ref name="hindu_passes" />

Some of Amitabh Bachchan's films with popular dialogues and scripts were written by Khan. Some notable examples of these movies are ''[[Mr. Natwarlal]]'', ''[[Khoon Pasina]]'', ''[[Do Aur Do Paanch (1980 film)|Do Aur Do Paanch]]'', ''[[Satte Pe Satta]]'', ''[[Inquilaab (1984 film)|Inquilab]]'', ''[[Giraftaar]]'', ''[[Hum (film)|Hum]]'' and ''[[Agneepath (1990 film)|Agneepath]]''. For the film ''[[Agneepath (1990 film)|Agneepath]]'' starring Bachchan, had received the [[National Film Awards]].<ref name="NDTV_veteran" />

Khan was in demand by South Indian film production houses such as Padmalaya. Major filmmakers of southern cinema such as [[Narayana Rao Dasari]], [[K. Bapayya]], [[K. Raghavendra Rao]], [[T. Rama Rao]], Dasari Narayan Rao, D. Rama Naidu consulted Khan for doing the script and dialogue of the Hindi remakes of their southern language films.<ref name="hindu_passes" /> Some of these films included ''[[Himmatwala (1983 film)|Himmatwala]]'' (1983), ''[[Justice Chaudhury]]'' (1983), ''[[Haisiyat]]'' (1984) and ''[[Singhasan]]'' (1986). As reported in ''[[The Hindu]]'', "He didn't just translate the original films into Hindi but transposed them into a new North setting, culture, context and language."<ref name="hindu_passes" />

He was the preferred dialogue writer for the Hindi films directed by K. Raghavendra Rao, Narayana Dasari Rao, K. Bapaiah and for films produced by D. Rama Naidu and K. C. Bokadia. He also wrote dialogues in other successful films in the late '80s to the late '90s like ''[[Meri Aawaz Suno]]'', ''[[Angaar (1992 film)|Angaar]]'', ''Jail Yatra'', ''[[Satte Pe Satta]]'', ''[[Katilon Ke Kaatil]]'', ''[[Waqt Ki Awaz]]'', ''[[Coolie No. 1 (1995 film)|Coolie No. 1]]'', ''[[Main Khiladi Tu Anari]]'', ''[[Kanoon Apna Apna]]'', ''[[Karma (1986 film)|Karma]]'', ''[[Sultanat]]'', ''[[Baap Numbri Beta Dus Numbri]]'', ''[[Humshakal (1992 film)|Humshakal]]'', ''[[Saajan Chale Sasural]]'', ''[[Hero Hindustani]]'', ''[[Aunty No. 1]]'', and ''[[Rajaji (film)|Rajaji]]''. He also wrote dialogues for films of Rakesh Roshan like ''[[Khoon Bhari Maang]]'', ''[[Kala Bazaar]]'' and ''[[Khudgarz]]''.

==Personal life==
Khan lived in [[Mumbai]], until moving to [[Toronto]] for health reasons.<ref name="DNAI"/> He had three sons: actor [[Sarfaraz Khan (actor)|Sarfaraz Khan]], director Shahnawaz Khan, and Abdul Quddus, who lived in [[Canada]] and died in 2021.<ref name="Rediff_interview2012" /><ref name="HungamaInterview">{{cite web |last1=Interview |title="Amitabh has always been a well-wisher of mine" - Kader Khan: Part 2 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/amitabh-has-always-been-a-well-wisher-of-mine-kader-khan-part-2/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en |date=3 August 2012 |access-date=1 January 2019 |archive-date=2 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102050545/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/amitabh-has-always-been-a-well-wisher-of-mine-kader-khan-part-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Basu |first1=Nilanjana |title=Late Actor Kader Khan's Son Abdul Quddus Dies In Canada |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/late-actor-kader-khans-son-abdul-quddus-dies-in-canada-2404259 |access-date=2 April 2021 |work=NDTV |date=1 April 2021}}</ref> It was reported that Khan took the citizenship of [[Canada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Kader-Khan-turns-educationist/articleshow/12041490.cms |title=Kader Khan turns educationist |author=Indu Mirani |publisher=[[Times of India]] |date=26 February 2012 |access-date=30 December 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301150654/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Kader-Khan-turns-educationist/articleshow/12041490.cms |archive-date=1 March 2012 }}</ref> In 2014, Khan visited [[Mecca]] to perform [[Hajj]].<ref name=ArabNews2014>{{cite news | url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/637731 | publisher=Arab News | title=Kader Khan in Makkah for Haj | first=Siraj | last=Wahab | date=30 September 2014 | access-date=3 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002015405/http://www.arabnews.com/news/637731 | archive-date=2 October 2014 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Death==
Khan had [[supranuclear palsy]], a degenerative disease.<ref name="DNAI">{{cite web |title=Knee surgery gone wrong: Veteran actor Kader Khan rushed to Canada for treatment |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-knee-surgery-gone-wrong-veteran-actor-kader-khan-rushed-to-canada-for-treatment-2337701 |website=dnaindia.com |access-date=1 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306235406/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-knee-surgery-gone-wrong-veteran-actor-kader-khan-rushed-to-canada-for-treatment-2337701 |archive-date=6 March 2017 |url-status=live |date=28 February 2017 }}</ref><ref name=SAP>{{cite web|url=https://dunyanews.tv/en/Entertainment/471976-Bollywood-veteran-actor-Kader-Khan-hospitalized-put-on-BiPAP-ventilator|title=Bollywood veteran actor Kader Khan hospitalized, put on BiPAP ventilator|publisher=Dunyanews|access-date=30 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228222107/https://dunyanews.tv/en/Entertainment/471976-Bollywood-veteran-actor-Kader-Khan-hospitalized-put-on-BiPAP-ventilator|archive-date=28 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was hospitalised on 28 December 2018 complaining of "breathlessness" in [[Canada]], where he stayed with his youngest son and daughter-in-law while seeking treatment.<ref name=SAP/>  On 31 December 2018 ([[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]), Khan's eldest son, Sarfaraz, confirmed that Khan had died.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kader-khan-dead-5513822/|title=Actor Kader Khan passes away|date=1 January 2019|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101100520/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kader-khan-dead-5513822/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/people/article/veteran-actor-kader-khan-passes-away-at-81-confirms-family/339820|title=Veteran actor Kader Khan passes away at 81, confirms family|date=1 January 2019|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101090155/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/people/article/veteran-actor-kader-khan-passes-away-at-81-confirms-family/339820|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=31Dec>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/veteran-actor-writer-kader-khan-dies-at-81/articleshow/67332658.cms|title=Veteran actor-writer Kader Khan passes away at 81|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=1 January 2019|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101135039/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/veteran-actor-writer-kader-khan-dies-at-81/articleshow/67332658.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> His funeral was held at [[ISNA Canada|ISNA mosque]] in [[Mississauga]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Actor-Writer Kader Khan Buried in a Canadian Cemetery|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/actor-writer-kader-khan-to-be-buried-in-a-canadian-cemetry|publisher=[[The Quint]]|access-date=28 May 2020|archive-date=2 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202221109/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/actor-writer-kader-khan-to-be-buried-in-a-canadian-cemetry|url-status=live}}</ref> and he is buried in [[Brampton]]'s Meadowvale Cemetery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kader-khan-buried-in-canada-5522023/|title=Kader Khan buried in Canadian cemetery|date=3 January 2019|website=The Indian Express|access-date=5 January 2020|archive-date=1 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701045026/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kader-khan-buried-in-canada-5522023/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==

* 2013: Sahitya Shiromani Award for his work and contributions to the Hindi Film industry and Cinema.<ref name="Hungama_Sahitya">{{cite news |title=Kader Khan awarded the 'Sahitya Shiromani Award' |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/kader-khan-awarded-the-sahitya-shiromani-award/kader-khan-awarded-the-sahitya-shiromani-award-5/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en |access-date=2 January 2019 |archive-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103004743/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/kader-khan-awarded-the-sahitya-shiromani-award/kader-khan-awarded-the-sahitya-shiromani-award-5/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Khan was recognised twice by the AFMI (American Federation of Muslims from India) for his achievements and service to the Muslim community in India.<ref name="ARYNews2017">{{Cite news |url=https://arynews.tv/en/veteran-actor-kader-khan-lost-memory/ |title=Has veteran actor Kader Khan lost his memory? |date=6 November 2017 |work=ARY News |access-date=1 January 2019 |archive-date=2 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102002606/https://arynews.tv/en/veteran-actor-kader-khan-lost-memory/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bollywood Hungama">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/amitabh-has-always-been-a-well-wisher-of-mine-kader-khan-part-2/ |title="Amitabh has always been a well-wisher of mine" - Kader Khan: Part 2 |date=3 August 2012 |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=1 January 2019 |archive-date=2 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102050545/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/amitabh-has-always-been-a-well-wisher-of-mine-kader-khan-part-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*On 26 January 2019, the Government of India announced to posthumously award Kader Khan the [[Padma Shri]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Posthumous Padma Shri for Kader Khan, Manoj Bajpayee and Prabhudheva among awardees |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/posthumous-padma-shri-for-kader-khan-manoj-bajpayee-and-prabhudheva-to-receive-honour-1439583-2019-01-25 |access-date=26 January 2019 |work=India Today |date=26 January 2019 |language=en |archive-date=26 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126113738/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/posthumous-padma-shri-for-kader-khan-manoj-bajpayee-and-prabhudheva-to-receive-honour-1439583-2019-01-25 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Filmfare Awards
|-
! Category
! Film
! Year
! Status
! Notes
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]
| ''[[Meri Aawaz Suno|Meri Awaaz Suno]]''
| 1982
| {{Won}}
|<ref name="NDTV_veteran"/>
|-
| [[Filmfare Best Comedian Award|Best Comedian]]
| ''[[Baap Numbri Beta Dus Numbri]]''
| 1991
| {{Won}}
|<ref name="NDTV_veteran" />
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]
| ''[[Angaar (1992 film)|Angaar]]''
| 1993
| {{Won}}
|<ref name="NDTV_veteran" />
|-
| rowspan=9|[[Filmfare Best Comedian Award|Best Comedian]]
| ''[[Himmatwala (1983 film)|Himmatwala]]''
| 1984
| {{Nom}}
|<ref name="dhref1">{{cite web |url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/cine+tales-epaper-cinetale/kader+khan+s+inspiring+rise+from+rags+to+riches+story+must+read-newsid-89061653 |title=Kader Khan's Inspiring Rise From Rags To Riches Story - Must Read |date=31 May 2018|publisher=dailyhunt |access-date=5 January 2019 |quote=He was Nominated 9 times as Best Comedian in the Filmfare.}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Aaj Ka Daur]]''
| 1986
| {{Nom}}
|<ref name="dhref1" />
|-
| ''[[Sikka (film)|Sikka]]''
| 1990
| {{Nom}}
|<ref name="dhref1" />
|-
| ''[[Hum (film)|Hum]]''
| 1992
| {{Nom}}
|<ref name="dhref1" />
|-
| ''[[Aankhen (1993 film)|Aankhen]]''
| 1994
| {{Nom}}
|<ref name="dhref1" />
|-
| ''[[Main Khiladi Tu Anari]]''
| 1995
| {{Nom}}
|<ref name="dhref1" />
|-
| ''[[Coolie No. 1 (1995 film)|Coolie No. 1]]''
| 1996
| {{Nom}}
|<ref name="dhref1" />
|-
| ''[[Saajan Chale Sasural]]''
| 1997
| {{Nom}}
|<ref name="dhref1" />
|-
| ''[[Dulhe Raja]]''
| 1999
| {{Nom}}
|<ref name="dhref1" />
|}

==Filmography==
{{Main|Kader Khan filmography}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Kader Khan}}
* {{IMDb name|0434318|Kader Khan}}
* [http://www.haham.net/kader_khan_interview.htm An interview with Kader Khan]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081205091313/http://www.indianmuslims.info/news/2007/sep/01/honorary_citizenship_houston_justice_sachar_kader_khan.html Kader Khan made Honorary Citizen of Houston]}}
{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search =
|d = yes
|d-search =
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 = Bollywood
}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestDialogue}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestComedian}}
{{Screen Award Best Comedian}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Kader}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Pashtun male actors]]
[[Category:Indian people of Afghan descent]]
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[[Category:Neurological disease deaths in Ontario]]
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[[Category:Pashtun male writers]]
[[Category:Pashtun writers]]

Rameshwarlall Daulatram Nopany

2026-03-23T03:09:02Z

Rishank124: Made New Data.

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rameshwarlall Daulatram Nopany
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Rameshwarlall Daulatram Nopany
| birth_date = 1902
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]]
| death_date = 1978
| death_place = Calcutta India
| other_names = R L Nopany also spelled R L Nopani
| known_for =
| occupation = sugar mill ownwer, industrialist, philanthropist, freedom fighter
}}

'''Rameshwarlall Daulatram Nopany''' also known as '''R. L. Nopany''' (1902 - 1978), was a philanthropist, sugar-mill owner and businessman based in [[Calcutta]], India.<ref name=cal/> He is also noted for his contributions in Indian Independence Movement and later founding various educational institutions in [[Calcutta]] and the rural areas of Bihar and Rajasthan.<ref name=cal/><ref>{{cite book |title=A Handbook of the Indian Public Schools: Issued on the 25th Anniversary of the Founding of the Indian Public Schools (Headmasters') Conference |date=1964 |pages=119 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=REs_AAAAYAAJ&q=rameshwar+lall+nopany |access-date=22 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
===Nopany Group===
He was son of Seth Daulatram Nopany, who are originally from [[Mahansar]] in [[Rajasthan]]. He along with his elder brother Rawatmull Daulatram Nopany founded the Nopany Group of Industries in decade of 1930.<ref name=toi/> He completed his education from [[Scottish Church College]] of [[Calcutta]].<ref name=cal>{{cite book |title=Calcutta's Who's who in Business |date=1973 |publisher=K. K. Taneja |pages=111 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKdDAQAAIAAJ&q=Rameshwarlall+Daulatram+Nopany |access-date=30 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=gd/>

The firm Messrs. Daulatram Rawatmull & Daulatram Rameshwarlall owned several sugar mills like Shree Hanuman Sugar Mills at [[Motihari]], Mewar Sugar Mills at [[Bhupalsagar]], [[Rajasthan]], North Behar Sugar Mills at [[Naraipur]], [[Bihar]], Belsund Sugar Co at [[Riga, Bihar]]. The group also holds Nopany Investments.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Blattner |first1=Elwyn James |title=Who's who in Egypt and the Middle East |date=1958 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bCJXAAAAMAAJ&q=Rameshwarlall+Daulatram+Nopany |access-date=30 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Hanuman Sugar Mills at Motihari was one of the biggest in Bihar at time of independence of India with 12000 acres of land area held by Rameshwarlal Nopany.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Commission |first1=Champaran Farms Enquiry |title=Land Utilization in Champaran: Report of Champaran Farms Enquiry Commission |date=1950 |publisher=Ramnandan Mishra |pages=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=viBBAAAAIAAJ&q=rameshwarlal+nopany |access-date=22 July 2025 |language=en|quote=Rameshwarlal Nopany 12000 Total Acres 39200 As the above table indicates , the biggest farm is owned by Shri Rameshwarlal Nopany of Calcutta . His 12,000 acres farm is just under the nose of Motihari town , the district headquarters.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mittal |first1=Surendra Kumar |title=Peasant Uprisings & Mahatma Gandhi in North Bihar: A Politico-economic Study of Indigo Industry, 1817-1917, with Special Reference to Champaran |date=1978 |publisher=Anu Prakashan |pages=220 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6_YzAAAAMAAJ&q=rameshwarlal+nopany |access-date=22 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

Chandra Shekhar Nopany, the great-grandson of Rawatmull ( brother of Rameshwarlall Daulatram Nopany & co-founder of Nopany group), who is son of Bimal Kumar Nopany & Nandini Nopany (daughter of [[Krishna Kumar Birla]]), now controls most of Nopany Group and a major part of K K Birla group.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Himatsingka |first1=Anuradha |title=In a first, maternal grandson to move into grandfather KK Birla's office |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/in-a-first-maternal-grandson-to-move-into-grandfather-kk-birlas-office/articleshow/9092424.cms?from=mdr |access-date=26 August 2022 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref>

===Other organisational affiliations===
Furthermore, he was a director in [[UCO Bank|United Commercial Bank]], [[Hindusthan Mercantile Bank]], Ruby General Insurance Co, Mahabir Collieries Ltd., New Huntodih Coal Co, The headquarter of Nopany group remained in Calcutta with branches in various state including an office in [[Bombay]].

He served as the President of [[Indian Sugar Mills Association]] (1940–41), Bihar Sugar Mills Association, [[Indian Chamber of Commerce]] (1942–43), [[Indian Hemp Association]] (1941–43), & Treasurer, [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry]] (1933–34).<ref name=toi/>

He was also a member of Indian Central Sugarcane Committee and Indian Central Oil-seeds Committee of Government of India.<ref name=toi>{{cite book |title=The Times of India directory and year book including Who's who |date=1 January 1950 |pages=732 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EQPlAAAAMAAJ&q=TREASURER+%28+1933-34+%29 |access-date=26 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Philanthropy==
He also founded many schools across India among which Shri Daulatram Nopany Vidyalaya, a High School at [[Kolkata]] is a premier institute run now by Nopany family. Nopany Girls School, [[Pretoria High School (Kolkata)|Pretoria High School]], Ganges Gurukul and at the college level, Nopany Institute of Management Studies all in Kolkata. Other schools founded by them are North Bihar Sugar Mills High School at Narainpur in Bihar, Rameshwar Lall Nopany Vidhya Mandir at [[Bhagalpur]], Seth Daulatram Nopany Vidyabhawan, [[Mahansar]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rao |first1=T. V. Rama |last2=Binani |first2=G. D. |title=India at a Glance: A Comprehensive Reference Book on India |date=1954 |publisher=Orient Longmans |pages=1723 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2b9NOnb8WigC&q=nopany+sugar+mill+association |access-date=24 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Reed |first1=Sir Stanley |title=The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who |date=1956 |publisher=Times of India Press |pages=1076 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G5AjAQAAMAAJ&q=Seth+Daulatram+Nopany |access-date=24 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Blattner |first1=Elwyn James |title=Who's who in U.A.R and the Near East |date=1958 |pages=552 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bCJXAAAAMAAJ&q=Daulatram+Rawatmull |access-date=24 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Shree Hanuman Sugar & Industries Limited |url=https://www.hanumansugar.com/shsil.html |website=www.hanumansugar.com |access-date=24 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nopany Institute |url=https://www.nihs.ac.in/founder-message.html |website=www.nihs.ac.in |access-date=25 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Past Presidents |url=https://www.indianchamber.org/the-chamber/past-presidents/ |website=Indian Chamber of Commerce |access-date=26 August 2022 |archive-date=26 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826111728/https://www.indianchamber.org/the-chamber/past-presidents/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=रामेश्वर लाल नोपानी सरस्वती विद्या मंदिर ने छात्रों के लिए ऑनलाइन पढ़ाई की शुरुआत की |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/bihar/bhagalpur/news/rameshwar-lal-nopani-saraswati-vidya-mandir-launches-online-education-for-students-063653-7019417.html |access-date=22 July 2025 |date=2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bhagalpur News: श्री रामेश्वर लाल नोपानी सरस्वती विद्या मंदिर, में बाल विकास की बैठक आयोजित |url=https://www.gramsamachar.com/2020/06/bhagalpur-news_711.html |access-date=22 July 2025 |date=25 June 2020}}</ref>

==Contributions in Freedom Struggle==
Rameshwar Lall Noapny was a close associate of [[Ghanshyam Das Birla]].<ref name=gd/> During the underground independence movement led by [[Jai Prakash Narayan]], Ghanshyam Das Birla, Rameshwar Lall Nopany and [[Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta|G. L Mehta]] provided secret funding and logistic support to the leaders.<ref name=gd/> Later, inspired by them, other businessmen such as B K Rohtagi and M G Bhagat also joined in giving financial support to underground leaders.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rao |first1=P. Chentsal |title=B.M. Birla: His Deeds & Dreams |date=1983 |publisher=Arnold Heinemann |pages=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=puotAAAAMAAJ&q=rameshwar+lal+nopani |access-date=22 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=gd>{{cite book |last1=Kudaisya |first1=Medha M. |title=The Life and Times of G.D. Birla |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-564572-9 |pages=206 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MTNuAAAAMAAJ&q=rameshwar+lal+nopani |access-date=22 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The other prominent leaders besides Jai Prakash Narayan like [[Ranganath Ramachandra Diwakar|R . R. Diwakar]], [[Achyut Patwardhan]], [[Baba Raghub Das]] and others were also in touch with them and secretly met them at [[Calcutta]] and got financial and logistic support.<ref name=gd/>

[[Kingdom of Marwar|Marwar Government]] had adopted repressive policy against independence activist during Quit India Movement. Rameshwar Lall Nopany and other Marwari Businessman like [[Sitaram Seksaria]], [[Basant Lal Murarka]] , [[Mangtu Ram Jaipuria]] , Ishwar Prasad Jalan, Ram Kumar Bhuwalka, Bhanwar Mal Singhi, Ganga Prasad Bhotika, Matadeen Khaitan passed a resolution against the government's policy and came in open support for independence movement.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tewari |first1=S. N. |title=Business Community and Freedom Movement: A Case History of Rajasthan |date=1991 |publisher=Aalekh Publishers |pages=108 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qtdGAAAAMAAJ&q=rameshwar+lal+nopani+resolution |access-date=22 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nopany, Rameshwarlall Daulatram}}
[[Category:1902 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople in the sugar industry]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kolkata]]
[[Category:People from Jhunjhunu district]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople in the coal industry]]
[[Category:Indian bankers]]
[[Category:Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:Scottish Church College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian businesspeople in the insurance industry]]
[[Category:20th-century philanthropists]]

Jaani (songwriter)

2026-03-17T06:22:12Z

Rishank124:

{{short description|Indian songwriter and music composer (born 1989)}}
{{BLP sources|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Jaani
| image = Jaani.jpg
| caption = Jaani in 2019
| alt = Jaani
| birth_name = Rajiv Arora<ref name="Realname"/>
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|5|25|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| origin = [[Gidderbaha]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India<ref name="Tribune India 2016" />
| occupation = {{hlist|Lyricist|music composer}}
| years_active = 2012–present
| genre = *Soulful music
*Pop
*Romantic
*Sad
*Bollywood
| label = * Desi Melodies
* [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
* Speed Records
* Sony Music India
* White Hill music
| associated_acts = * [[B Praak]]
* [[Harrdy Sandhu]]
* [[Akshay Kumar]]
* [[Ammy Virk]]
*[[Jassie Gill]]
*[[Sukhe]]
*[[Sunanda Sharma]]
*[[Sargun Mehta]]
*[[Jagdeep Sidhu]]
*[[Afsana Khan]]
*[[Gippy Grewal]]
*[[Akshay Kumar]]
}}

'''Rajiv Arora''' (born 25 May 1989), known professionally as '''Jaani''', is an Indian songwriter and music composer associated with [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Hindi]] language songs.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/happy-birthday-jaani-here-are-some-lesser-known-facts-about-this-amazing-lyricist/photostory/75964988.cms|title=Happy Birthday Jaani! Here are some lesser known facts about this amazing lyricist|date=25 May 2020|work=The Times of India|access-date=4 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/wishing-jaani-on-his-birthday-b-praak-writes-do-jisam-ek-jaan/articleshow/75971414.cms|title=Wishing Jaani on his birthday, B Praak writes: Do Jisam Ek Jaan|access-date=4 April 2021|website=The Times of India|date=25 May 2020}}</ref> His notable songs "[[Naah]]", "[[Kya Baat Ay]]", "[[Pachtaoge]]", "[[Filhall]]", "[[Titliaan|Titliyaan]]", "[[Baarish Ki Jaaye]]" and "[[Filhaal2 Mohabbat]]".<ref name="Tribune India 2016">{{cite web | title=Punjabi singer Harrdy Sandhu's track Soch became a rage when it hit the market in 2014 | website=Tribune India | date=11 January 2016 | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/aage-ki-soch/181808.html | access-date=11 January 2016 | archive-date=29 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029232400/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/aage-ki-soch/181808.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="The Times of India 20172">{{cite web |date=13 January 2017 |title=The original version was sung by Hardy Sandhu, with composition by B Praak and lyrics by Jaani. |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/B-Praak-Our-Soch-could-have-done-better-than-Airlifts-Soch-na-sake/articleshow/50495970.cms |access-date=24 March 2019 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Jaani was born as Rajiv Arora on 25 May 1989.<ref name="Realname">{{cite web |title=Unplugged ft. Jaani {{!}} Life Struggle {{!}} B Praak {{!}} Hardy Sandhu {{!}} Sidhu Moose Wala {{!}} Punjabi Music |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGEAaAn-kJA&t=920s |publisher=Shubhankar Mishra |access-date=24 November 2024 |date=15 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="DoB">{{cite news |title=Jaani's first song never got released|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/happy-birthday-jaani-here-are-some-lesser-known-facts-about-this-amazing-lyricist/photostory/75964988.cms?picid=75965007 |access-date=19 August 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=25 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Birthday Special! Jaani: Top seven songs by the lyricist that touched hearts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/photo-stories/birthday-special-jaani-top-seven-songs-by-the-lyricist-that-touched-hearts/photostory/64318776.cms |access-date=19 August 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=25 May 2018 |language=en}}</ref> He is from [[Gidderbaha]], a town near [[Bhatinda]] in [[Punjab, India]], and holds a diploma in [[hotel management]].<ref name="Tribune India 2016"/><ref name="DoB"/> Jaani married Neha Chauhan on 25 November 2008.<ref>{{cite news |title=Valentines Special: Here's a clip from Jaani and Neha Chauhan's wedding |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/valentines-special-heres-a-clip-from-jaani-and-neha-chauhans-wedding/articleshow/89562711.cms |access-date=9 March 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=14 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Jaani started his career with a religious song, "Sant Sipahi", in 2012. However, he gained fame after song "Soch", sung by [[Hardy Sandhu]] and composed by [[B Praak]]. The music video of this song was directed by Arvindr Khaira. A Hindi version of "Soch" was released as well as an English recreation of soch with the name 'Without You (Soch)' was produced by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] which featured English vocals as well as music and English [[lyrics]] by Vaibhav Saxena.<ref>{{cite web |title=Without You (Soch) Song Teaser Vaibhav Saxena Ft. Hardy Sandhu |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6PUInGFG98 |website=YouTube | date=18 August 2015 |publisher=T-Series |access-date=19 August 2020}}</ref>

Since "Soch", B Praak, Jaani, Arvindr Khaira, and Harrdy Sandhu have worked as a team, producing Punjabi songs, such as "Joker", "Backbone", "HornBlow", "Naah", "Yaar Ni Mileya" and "Kya Baat Ayy". His album ''Shayar'' with composer B Praak released in 2015, which includes tracks like "Taara" by [[Ammy Virk]], "Ik Saal" by [[Jassie Gill]] and "Naa Ji Naa" by Harrdy Sandhu.

He has started his own music label known as Desi Melodies with filmmaker Arvindr Khaira and B Praak.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}

In 2021, he made his screen debut as an actor in Jagdeep Sidhu's Punjabi film ''[[Qismat 2]]'', with Ammy Virk and [[Sargun Mehta]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/jaani-makes-his-acting-debut-with-qismat-2/articleshow/85587487.cms |title= Jaani makes his acting debut with 'Qismat 2' |access-date=24 August 2021|date= 24 August 2021 |website=Times of India}}</ref>

==Singles/Albums==
{{Infobox artist discography
| Artist = Jaani
| Studio = 3
| Singles = 110
}}

=== Albums ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Title
!Notes
|-
|''Shayar''
|
*Released : 2014–15
*Songs : 9
*Music : [[B Praak]]
*Label : [[Sony Music India]]
*Singers : [[Ammy Virk]], [[Harrdy Sandhu]], [[Jassie Gill]], Amrinder, Manraaj, G Preet, Shivam, Armaan Kang
|-
|''Jaani Ve''
|
*Released : 2019–20
*Songs : 3
*Music : B Praak
*Label : [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
*Singers : [[Arijit Singh]], [[Neha Kakkar]], [[B Praak]]
|-
|''Zohrajabeen''
|
*Released : 2023
*Songs : 10
*Music : B Praak
*Label : DM - Desi Melodies
*Singers : [[B Praak]]
|}

=== Singles ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Song
!Singer
!Music
!Notes
|-
|2013
|''Soch<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khuranaa |first1=Amann |title=B Praak: Our 'Soch' could have done better than Airlift's 'Soch na sake' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/b-praak-our-soch-could-have-done-better-than-airlifts-soch-na-sake/articleshow/50495970.cms |access-date=19 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=13 January 2017 |language=en}}</ref>''
|[[Harrdy Sandhu]]
| rowspan="6" |[[B Praak]]
|Debut Track
|-
| rowspan="3" |2014
|''Joker''
|[[Harrdy Sandhu]]
|
|-
|''Saree Wali Girl''
|Girik Aman
|
|-
|''Ik Saal<ref>{{cite news |title=Punjabi Song Ik Saal Sung By Jassie Gill |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/punjabi-song-ik-saal-sung-jassie-gill/videoshow/65270393.cms |access-date=20 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=4 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref>''
|[[Jassi Gill]]
| rowspan="3" |From His Album "Shayar"
|-
| rowspan="10" |2015
|''Taara''
|[[Ammy Virk]]
|-
|''Naa Ji Naa''
|[[Harrdy Sandhu]]
|-
|''Jaguar''
|[[Sukhe|Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz]] ft. [[Bohemia (rapper)|Bohemia]]
|Sukhe Musical Doctorz
|Sukhe's Breakthrough song
|-
|''Go Baby Go''
|RONNIE ft.B Praak
| rowspan="6" |B Praak
|
|-
|''Supna''
|[[Amrinder Gill]]
|
|-
|''Mere Kol''
|Prabh Gill
|
|-
|''O Kithe''
|[[Kamal Khan (singer)|Kamal Khan]]
|
|-
|''Yaar Matlabi''
|Karan Benipal
|
|-
|''Paani''
|[[Yuvraj Hans]]
|Featuring [[Yuvika Chaudhary]]
|-
|''All Black''
|Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz Feat [[Raftaar (rapper)|Raftaar]]
|Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz
|
|-
| rowspan="14" |2016
|''Horn Blow''
|[[Harrdy Sandhu]]
| rowspan="3" |B Praak
|
|-
|''Surma To Sandals''
|Ammy Virk ft.B Praak
|
|-
|''Do Din''
|Manraaj
|
|-
|''Marijuana''
|Hardik Trehan
| rowspan="3" |B Praak
|
|-
|''Ik Vaari Hor Soch Le''
|[[Harish Verma]]
|Debut track of Harish Verma
|-
|''Hauli Hauli''
|BIG Dhillon
|
|-
|''Gabroo''
|Jassi Gill
|Preet Hundal
|
|-
|''Suicide''
|Sukhe Musical Doctorz
| rowspan="7" |B Praak
|
|-
|''Bacha''
|Prabh Gill
|
|-
|''Backbone''
|[[Harrdy Sandhu]]
|
|-
|''Pucheya Na Karo''
|Sammy Singh
|
|-
|''Ghat Boldi''
|Gippy Grewal
|
|-
|''Subha Subha''
|Ranvir
|
|-
|''Do You Know''
|[[Diljit Dosanjh]]
|
|-
| rowspan="19" |2017
|''Kudiye Snapchat Waliye''
|Ranvir Feat Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz
| rowspan="2" |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz
|
|-
|''Star''
|[[Jayy Randhawa]] Feat Sukh-E
|
|-
|''Mann Bharya''
|B Praak
| rowspan="5" |B Praak
|Debut Track Of B Praak
|-
|''Yaar Ve''
|Harish Verma
|
|-
|''Oye Hoye Oye Hoye''
|[[Jaz Dhami]]
|
|-
|''Car Nachdi''
|Gippy Grewal Feat Bohemia
|
|-
|''Qismat''
|Ammy Virk
|Featuring [[Sargun Mehta]]
|-
|''Gall Goriye''
|[[Maninder Buttar]] Feat Raftaar
|Raftaar
|
|-
|''Superstar''
|Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz, Divya Bhatt
|Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz
|
|-
|''Violin''
|Arshhh Feat Roach Killa
| rowspan="4" |B Praak
|
|-
|''Bewafaai''
|B Praak
|Featuring [[Gauahar Khan|Gauhar Khan]]
|-
|''Jimmy Choo Choo''
|Guri Feat [[Ikka Singh|Ikka]]
|
|-
|''Yaar Ni Milya''
|[[Harrdy Sandhu]]
|
|-
|''Jaani Tera Naa''
|[[Sunanda Sharma]]
|Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz
|
|-
|''Guitar Sikhda''
|Jassi Gill
| rowspan="2" |B Praak
|
|-
|''[[Naah]]''
|[[Harrdy Sandhu]]
|Featuring [[Nora Fatehi]]
|-
|''Nai Shad Da''
|Gippy Grewal
|Jay K (Jassi Katyal)
|
|-
|''Mill Lo Na''
|Guri
| rowspan="2" |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz
|
|-
|''Insane''
|Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz
|
|-
| rowspan="14" |2018
|''Dil Ton Black''
|Jassi Gill feat [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]
|B Praak
|
|-
|''Gallan''
|Manj Musik
|Manj Musik
|Featuring Candice James
|-
|''Hath Chumme''
|Ammy Virk
|First Song as Producer from "Desi Melodies"
|
|-
|''Bamb''
|Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz Feat Badshah
|Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz
|
|-
|''Sooraj''
|Gippy Grewal
| rowspan="2" |B Praak
|
|-
|''Mastaani''
|B Praak
|
|-
|''Morni''
|Sunanda Sharma
|Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz
|
|-
|''Mai Terra Akshay''
|[[Babbal Rai]] ft Bohemia
|B Praak
|
|-
|''[[Nikle Currant]]''
|Jassi Gill and [[Neha Kakkar]]
|Sukhe Muzical Doctorz
|
|-
|Fitoor
|Jayy Randhawa
|[[B Praak]]
|
|-
|''Kya Baat Ay''
|[[Harrdy Sandhu]]
| rowspan="5" |B Praak
|
|-
|''Hath Chumme (Cover)''
|B Praak ft. Jaani
|
|-
|''Teri Khamiyan''
|[[Akhil (singer)|Akhil]]
|Featuring [[Wamiqa Gabbi]]
|-
|''Pinjraa''
|Gurnazar Chattha
|
|-
|''I Need Yaa''
| rowspan="2" |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz
|Featuring [[Krystle D'Souza|Krysle D'Souza]]
|
|-
| rowspan="17" |2019
|''Coka''
|Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz
|
|-
|''Ve Pathra''
|Gursaaz
| rowspan="2" |B Praak
|
|-
|''Gali Da Gunda''
|Sahiba
|
|-
|''Sandal''
|Sunanda Sharma
| rowspan="3" |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz
|
|-
|''Jaani Ve Jaani''
|Jaani ft. [[Afsana Khan]]
|Composed by B Praak
|-
|''Nain Tere''
|B Praak
|
|-
|''Rona Sikhade Ve''
|Miel
| rowspan="3" |B Praak
|
|-
|''Hawaa''
|Grann Sidhu
|
|-
|''[[Pachtaoge]]''
|[[Arijit Singh]]
|• Featuring [[Vicky Kaushal]] And [[Nora Fatehi]]
• From His Album "''Jaani Ve''"
|-
|''Wah Wai Wahh''
|Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz & Neha Kakkar
| rowspan="2" |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz
|
|-
|''Dil Mangdi''
|[[Jazzy B]]
|
|-
|''Laare''
|Maninder Buttar
| rowspan="3" |B Praak
|Featuring [[Sargun Mehta]]
|-
|''Kalla Changa''
|[[Ninja (singer)|Ninja]]
|
|-
|''[[Filhall]]''
|B Praak
|•Featuring [[Akshay Kumar]] and Nupur Sanon
• 1 billion+ views on [[YouTube]].
|-
|''Yaad Piya Ki Aane Lagi''
|Neha Kakkar
|[[Tanishk Bagchi]]
|Featuring [[Divya Khosla Kumar]]
|-
|''Dance Like''
|Harrdy Sandhu
|B Praak
|Featuring [[Lauren Gottlieb]]
|-
|''Duji Vaar Pyar<ref>{{cite news |title=Sunanda Sharma and Jaani to come together for an album |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/sunanda-sharma-and-jaani-to-come-together-for-an-album/articleshow/76256437.cms |access-date=19 August 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=8 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref>''
|Sunanda Sharma
| rowspan="2" |Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz
|
|-
| rowspan="11" |2020
|''Where Baby Where''
|Gippy Grewal
|Featuring [[Amanda Cerny]]
|-
|''Jinke Liye''
|Neha Kakkar ft. Jaani
| rowspan="2" |B Praak
|From His Album "Jaani Ve "
Also Featuring Himself in music video
|-
|''Kuch Bhi Ho Jaye''
|B Praak
|
|-
|''Video Bana De''
|Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz ft.[[Aastha Gill]]
|Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz
|
|-
|''Naam''
|[[Tulsi Kumar]] ft.[[Millind Gaba]]
|[[Millind Gaba]]
|
|-
|''Bandeya''
|Gurjot Singh Kaler
|B Praak
|
|-
|''Taaron Ke Shehar''
|[[Jubin Nautiyal]] and Neha Kakkar
|Jaani
|First song as Music Composer
|-
|''Lala Lala Lori''
|Fazilpuria and Afsana Khan
|Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz
|First Haryanvi Song
|-
|''Banglow''
|Avvy Sra and Afsana Khan
|Avvy Sra and Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz
|Debut Track Of "Avvy Sra"
|-
|''[[Titliaan]]''
|Afsana Khan
|Avvy Sra
|Featuring [[Harrdy Sandhu]] And [[Sargun Mehta]]
|-
|''Besharam Bewaffa''
| colspan="2" |B Praak
|From Album "Jaani Ve"
|-
| rowspan="14" |2021
|''[[Titliaan#Titliaan Warga|Titliaan Warga]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Sargun Mehta Stars in Music Video For Titliaan With Harrdy Sandhu, Shares Glimpse on Social Media |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sargun-mehta-stars-in-music-video-for-titliaan-with-harrdy-sandhu-shares-glimpse-on-social-media-3065690.html |access-date=6 January 2020 |work=News18 |date=10 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref>''
|Harrdy Sandhu ft. Jaani
| rowspan="2" |Avvy Sra
|Sequel To "[[Titliaan]]"
|-
|''Pagal Nahi Hona<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kanyal |first1=Jyoti |title=Sonu Sood makes his music video debut with Punjabi song Pagal Nahi Hona. Watch |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/sonu-sood-makes-his-music-video-debut-with-punjabi-song-pagal-nahi-hona-watch-1759403-2021-01-15 |access-date=16 January 2021 |work=India Today |date=15 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref>''
|Sunanda Sharma
|Featuring [[Sonu Sood]]
|-
|''Mazaa<ref>{{cite news |title=Check Out New Hindi Trending Song Music Video – 'Mazaa' Sung By B Praak |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/check-out-new-hindi-trending-song-music-video-mazaa-sung-by-b-praak/videoshow/81168791.cms |access-date=24 February 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=23 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |B Praak
|Featuring [[Gurmeet Choudhary|Gurmeet Chaudhary]] & [[Hansika Motwani]]
|-
|''[[Baarish Ki Jaaye|Barish Ki Jaaye]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhasin |first1=Shriya |title=Baarish Ki Jaaye: Director Arvindr Khaira shares BTS video of Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Jaani and Sunanda Sharma |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/baarish-ki-jaaye-director-arvindr-khaira-shares-bts-video-of-nawazuddin-siddiqui-jaani-and-sunanda-sharma-693359 |access-date=27 March 2021 |work=India TV News |date=25 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>''
|Featuring [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui|Nawazudin Siddiqui]] & [[Sunanda Sharma]]
|-
|''Munda Like Karda<ref>{{cite news |title=Check Out New Punjabi Trending Song Music Video – 'Munda Like Karda' Sung By Gurj Sidhu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/check-out-new-punjabi-trending-song-music-video-munda-like-karda-sung-by-gurj-sidhu/videoshow/82066891.cms |access-date=21 April 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=14 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref>''
|Gurj Sidhu
|Sukh-E-Muzical Doctorz
|
|-
|''Goriyaan Goriyaan<ref>{{cite web |title=Goriyaan Goriyaan {{!}} Romaana ft Jasmin bajwa {{!}} Jaani {{!}} Bpraak {{!}} Arvindr Khaira {{!}} Latest Punjabi Song |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKWWF2XpH8o |website=YouTube | date=21 April 2021 |publisher=Desi Melodies |access-date=21 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref>''
|Romanna
| rowspan="4" |B Praak
|Debut Track Of Romanna
|-
|''Doob Gaye''
|[[Guru Randhawa]]
|Featuring [[Urvashi Rautela]]
|-
|''Patthar Wargi''
|Ranvir
|
|-
|''[[Filhaal2 Mohabbat]]''
|B Praak
|Sequel to "[[Filhall|Filhaal]]" featuring [[Akshay Kumar]], Nupur Sanon.
|-
|''Khair Allah Khair''
|Romanna
|Jaani
|Lyrics and Composition by Romanna
|-
|''Chorri Chorri''
|Sunanda Sharma
|Avvy Sra
|Featuring Priyank Sharma
|-
|''Apsraa''
|Jaani Ft. [[Asees Kaur]]
|Jaani
|Poetry Narrated by Jaani and vocals by Asses kaur
|-
|''Bijlee Bijlee''
|Harrdy Sandhu
|B Praak
|
|-
|''Coco''
| colspan="2" |Sukh-E-Muzical Doctorz
|
|-
| rowspan="17" |2022
|''Ik Mil Mainu Apsraa''
| colspan="2" |B Praak
|With [[Asees Kaur]]
|-
|''Kali Shirt Waleya''
|Simran Raj
|Avvy Sra
|Debut song of Simran Raj
|-
|''Saadi Yaad''
|Sunanda Sharma
|Jaani
|
|-
|''Ishq Nahi Karte''
| colspan="2" |B Praak
|Featuring [[Emraan Hashmi]]
|-
|''Kudiyan Lahore diyan''
|[[Harrdy Sandhu|Harrdy]] Sandhu
|B Praak
|Featuring [[Aisha Sharma]]
|-
|''Nikal Jaana''
|Miel, Jaani
|Hunny, Bunny
|
|-
|''Dhokebaaz''
|Afsana Khan
|Jaani
|Featuring [[Vivek Oberoi]]
|-
|''9-9 Mashukan''
|Sunanda Sharma
|Jaani
|
|-
|''Duniya''
| colspan="2" |B Praak
|Featuring [[Sunny Singh (actor)|Sunny Singh]], [[Saiee Manjrekar]]
|-
|''Nikaah''
|Ipsitaa
|Avvy Sra
|Featuring [[Rohit Khandelwal|Rohit Khandewal]]
|-
|''Jaana''
|[[Stebin Ben]]
|Hunny, Bunny
|
|-
|''Peacock''
|Avvy Sra, Sultaan
|Avvy Sra
|Co-lyricist Sultaan
|-
|''O Sajna''
|Neha Kakkar
|Tanishk Bagchi
|
|-
|''Fantasy''
|Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz, Aastha Gill
|Avvy Sra and Sukh-E Muzical Doctorz
|
|-
|''More Saiyaan Ji''
|Maninder Buttar
|B Praak
|Featuring
Jasmin Bhasin
|-
|''Kya Hota''
|Romana
|Hunny Bunny
|Featuring
Anjali Arora
|-
|''White Brown Black''
|Avvy Sra, [[Karan Aujla]]
|Avvy Sra
|Co-lyricist Karan Aujla
|-
| rowspan="15" |2023
|''Kya Karoon''
|[[Sanam (band)|Sanam Puri]]
|Jaani
|Featuring
Jasmin Bhasin
|-
|''Maria Senorita''
|Rajveer, Happy Singh
|Dr Zeus
|
|-
|''Achha Sila Diya''
|B Praak
| rowspan="2" |B Praak
|Featuring [[Rajkumar Rao]] & [[Nora Fatehi]]
|-
|''Ittar''
|[[Jasmine Sandlas]]
|
|-
|''Yaad Aati Hai''
|[[Harrdy Sandhu]]
|Hunny, Bunny
|
|-
|''Ankhaan Meech Ke''
|[[Akhil Sachdeva]]
|B Praak
|
|-
|''Kya Loge Tum''
|B Praak
|B Praak
| Featuring [[Akshay Kumar]] and [[Amyra Dastur]]
|-
|'' Krishna Teri Ho Gayi''
|Asees Kaur
|Gaurav Dev, Kartik Dev
|
|-
|''Yaar Ka Sataya Hua Hai''
| colspan="2" |B Praak
|
|-
|''Allah De Bandeya''
| colspan="2" |B Praak
|
|-
| ''Mal Mal''
|B Praak
| B Praak
|Featuring Aly Goni, Jasmin Bhasin
|-
|''Zohrajabeen''
|B Praak
|B Praak
|Featuring Randeep Hooda, Priyanka Choudhary

|-
|''Main Aunga''
|B Praak
|B Praak
|}

==Songs in films==
{{Infobox artist discography
| 2Option name = Punjabi Film Songs
| 2Option = 25
| 3Option name = Hindi Film Songs
| 3Option = 5
}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Song
!Singer
!Composer
!Language
|-
| rowspan="2" |2016
|[[Sarbjit (film)|''Sarabjit'']]
|''Dard''
|[[Sonu Nigam]]
|[[Jeet Ganguli]]
|Hindi
|-
|''[[Kaptaan]]''
|''Oscar''
|[[Gippy Grewal]], [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]
| rowspan="6" |[[B Praak]]
| rowspan="9" |Punjabi
|-
|2017
|''[[Sargi]]''
|''Fer Ohi Hoyea''
|[[Jassie Gill]]
|-
| rowspan="7" |2018
| rowspan="6" |''[[Qismat]]''
|''Kaun Hoyega''
|B Praak
Divya Bhatt
|-
|''Dholna''
|B Praak
|-
|''Awaaz''
|[[Kamal Khan (singer)|Kamal Khan]]
|-
|''Fakira''
|[[Gurnam Bhullar]]
|-
|''Gallan Teriyan''
|[[Ammy Virk]], Neetu Bhalla
| rowspan="3" |[[Sukhe]] Musical Doctorz
|-
|''Pasand Jatt Di''
|Ammy Virk
|-
|[[Carry on Jatta 2|''Carry On Jatta 2'']]
|''DJ Wala''
|Gippy Grewal
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|''High End Yaariyaan''
|''Rabba Ve''
|B Praak
| rowspan="2" |B Praak
|
|-
|[[Bala (2019 film)|''Bala'']]
|''Naah Goriye''
|[[Harrdy Sandhu]]
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|-
|rowspan=8|2020
|''[[Jai Mummy Di]]''
|''Mummy Nu Pasand''
|[[Sunanda Sharma]]
|[[Tanishk Bagchi]]
|-
| rowspan="6" |''[[Sufna]]''
|''Jaan Deyan Ge''
|Ammy Virk
| rowspan="17" |B Praak
| rowspan="7" |Punjabi
|-
|''Ammi''
|Kamal Khan
|-
|''Qubool Ae''
|Hashmat Sultana
|-
|''Jannat''
| rowspan="6" |B Praak
|-
|''Chaana Ve''
|-
|''Shukriya''
|-
|''Ik Sandhu Hunda Si''
|''Galib''
|-
| rowspan="9" |2021
|''[[Shershaah]]''
|''Mann Bharrya 2.0''
|Hindi
|-
| rowspan="2" |''Ucha Pind''
|''Maula''
| rowspan="8" |Punjabi
|-
|''Channa Ve''
|Kamal Khan
|-
| rowspan="6" |''[[Qismat 2]]''
|''Qismat 2 – Title Track''
|B Praak
|-
|''Janam''
|Romy
|-
|''Teri Akheeyan''
|Ammy Virk, [[Afsana Khan]]
|-
|''Kis Mod Te''
|B Praak, [[Jyoti Nooran]]
|-
|''Mere Yaara Ve''
|B Praak
|-
|''Paagla''
|B Praak, [[Asees Kaur]]
|-
| rowspan="21" |2022
| rowspan="2" |''[[Bachchhan Paandey]]''
|''Meri Jaan Meri Jaan''
| rowspan="4" |B Praak
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|-
|''Saare Bolo Bewafa''
|Jaani
|-
| rowspan="5" |''[[Lekh (film)|Lekh]]''
|''Udd Gya''
| rowspan="5" |B Praak
| rowspan="5" |Punjabi
|-
|''Bewafai Kar Gaya''
|-
|''Mera Yaar''
| rowspan="2" |Gurnam Bhullar
|-
|''Beliya''
|-
|''Zarori Nai''
|Afsana Khan
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Liger (film)|''Liger'']]
| rowspan="3" |''Coka 2.0''
|Sukh-E, [[Lisa Mishra]]
| rowspan="3" |Jaani, DJ Chetas-Lijo George
|Hindi
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Ram Miriyala]], [[Geetha Madhuri]]
|Telugu
|-
|[[Liger (film)|''Liger'']] '''(D)'''
|Tamil
|-
| rowspan="5" |''[[Moh (film)|Moh]]''
|''Sab Kuch''
| rowspan="2" |B Praak
| rowspan="10" |B Praak
| rowspan="10" |Punjabi
|-
|''Salooq''
|-
|''Meri Zuban''
|Kamal Khan
|-
|''Mere Kol''
|Afsana Khan
|-
|''Aulaad''
|Jaani
|-
| rowspan="5" |''[[Honeymoon (2022 film)|Honeymoon]]''
|''Jhaanjar''
| rowspan="2" |B Praak
|-
|''Aa Chaliye''
|-
|''Hypnotize''
|Guppy Grewal, [[Shipra Goyal]]
|-
|''Naa Main Bewafa''
|Tanvir Hussain
|-
|''Honeymoon Title Track''
|Gippy Grewal, Simar Kaur
|-
|''[[Govinda Naam Mera]]''
|"Kya Baat Ay 2.0"
|Harrdy Sandhu, [[Nikhita Gandhi]]
|Tanishk Bagchi, B Praak, Kimera
|Hindi
|-
| rowspan="16" |2023
| rowspan="6" |''[[Carry on Jatta 3]]''
|''Carry On Jatta 3 Title Track''
|Gippy Grewal, Simar Kaur
| rowspan="16" |Jaani
| rowspan="6" |Punjabi
|-
|''Farishtey''
|B Praak
|-
|''Jatti''
|Ammy Virk, Gippy Grewal
|-
|''Lehanga''
|Gippy Grewal
|-
|''Bura Haal''
|[[Atif Aslam]]
|-
|''Kaale Jaadu''
|Gippy Grewal
|-
| rowspan="10"|''[[Animal (2023 Indian film)|Animal]]''
|Saari Duniya Jalaa Denge
|B Praak
|Hindi
|-
|"Saari Duniya Jalaa Denge" (Extended Film Version)
|B Praak
|Hindi
|-
|"Yaalo Yaalaa" '''(D)'''
|[[Anurag Kulkarni]]
|Telugu
|-
|"Yaalo Yaalaa" (Extended Film Version) '''(D)'''
|[[Anurag Kulkarni]]
|Telugu
|-
|"Moochchaangoode" '''(D)'''
|Mahalingam
|Tamil
|-
|"Moochchaangoode" (Extended Film Version) '''(D)'''
|Mahalingam
|Tamil
|-
|"Enivarumo Aa Nall" '''(D)'''
|Mahalingam
|Malayalam
|-
|"Enivarumo Aa Nall" (Extended Film Version) '''(D)'''
|Mahalingam
|Malayalam
|-
|"Appa Nee Nagu" '''(D)'''
|Anurag Kulkarni
|Kannada
|-
|"Appa Nee Nagu" (Extended Film Version) '''(D)'''
|Anurag Kulkarni
|Kannada
|-
|rowspan=2|2024
|''[[Yodha (2024 film)|Yodha]]''
|"Qismat Badal Di"
|B Praak
|B Praak, Aditya Dev
|rowspan=8|Hindi
|-
|''[[Mr. & Mrs. Mahi]]''
|"Dekha Tenu"
|Mohammad Faiz
|Jaani
|-
|rowspan=6|2025
|''[[Raid 2 (film)|Raid 2]]''
|"Nasha"
|[[Jasmine Sandlas]], [[Sachet-Parampara|Sachet Tandon]], [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]], Sumontho Mukherjee
|[[Sachin-Jigar|White Noise Collectives]]
|-
|''[[Sarzameen]]''
|Mere Murshid Mere Yaara"
|Vishal Mishra, [[Salman Ali]]
|Vishal Mishra
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[Son of Sardaar 2]]''
|"Pehla Tu Duja Tu"
|[[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]
|rowspan=2|Jaani, Hunny
|-
|"Nachdi"
|[[Neha Kakkar]]
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[De De Pyaar De 2]]''
|"3 Shaukk"
|[[Karan Aujla]], [[Jyotica Tangri]], Avvy Sra
|Avvy Sra, [[DJ Chetas]]
|-
|TBA
|
|Jaani
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category-inline}}
* {{IMDb name|nm8126543}}
* {{Instagram|jaani777}}

{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search =
|d = yes
|d-search =
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 =
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaani}}
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male songwriters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian songwriters]]
[[Category:People from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language lyricists]]

Urimai Geetham

2026-03-03T05:12:10Z

Rishank124: Starting new stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Urimai Geetham
| image = Urimai Geetham.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[R. V. Udayakumar]]
| producer = K. S. Srinivasan K. S. Sivaraman
| writer = R. V. Udayakumar
| starring = {{ubl|[[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]]|[[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]]|[[Pallavi (actress)|Pallavi]]|[[Ranjini (actress)|Ranjini]]}}
| music = [[Manoj–Gyan]]
| cinematography = Shiva
| editing = G. Jayachandran
| studio = Sivasri Pictures
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1988|02|26}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Urimai Geetham''''' ({{translation|Song of liberation}})<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maderya |first=Kumuthan |date=2010 |title=Rage against the state: historicizing the "angry young man" in Tamil cinema |url=https://ejumpcut.org/archive/jc52.2010/Tamil/text.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926121543/http://ejumpcut.org/archive/jc52.2010/Tamil/text.html |archive-date=26 September 2016 |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=[[Jump Cut (journal)|Jump Cut]]}}</ref> is a 1988 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[political thriller]] film written and directed by [[R. V. Udayakumar]], in his directorial debut. The film stars [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] and [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]]. It was released on 26 February 1988, and Udayakumar won the Best New face (Director) award at the [[9th Cinema Express Awards]].

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=February 2022}}
Bhoominathan, an honest politician, wins the election and becomes the [[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|chief minister of Tamil Nadu]]. A felicitation function is organised to celebrate his victory. In the function, he is assassinated by Thyagu. On the one hand, Thyagu is arrested and he denies having killed Bhoominathan. On the other hand, Bhoominathan's son, Chandru is determined to find his father's murderer. The rest of the story is what happens to Thyagu and Chandru who is the real culprit.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] as Thyagu
*[[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] as Chandru
*[[Pallavi (actress)|Pallavi]] as Indhu
*[[Ranjini (actress)|Ranjini]] as Ganga
*[[Charuhasan]] as Bhoominathan
*[[Typist Gopu]]
*[[Janagaraj]] as Ezhumalai
*[[Kumarimuthu]]
*[[G. Srinivasan (actor)|G. Srinivasan]] as Dharmaraj
*[[M. N. Rajam]] as Thyagu's mother
}}

== Production ==
''Urimai Geetham'' is the directorial debut of Udayakumar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2017 |title=குருவியார் கேள்வி-பதில்கள் |url=http://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/2017/09/10112145/KuruviyarQuestion-and-Answers.vpf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116045829/http://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/2017/09/10112145/KuruviyarQuestion-and-Answers.vpf |archive-date=16 January 2018 |access-date=16 February 2022 |website=[[Dina Thanthi]] |language=ta}}</ref> Editing was handled by G. Jayachandran.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2020 |title=RIP: Veteran technician passes away due to cardiac arrest! |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/rip-film-editor-gjayachandran-dftech-passed-away.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216093328/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/rip-film-editor-gjayachandran-dftech-passed-away.html |archive-date=16 February 2022 |access-date=16 February 2022 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by the duo [[Manoj–Gyan]], with lyrics written by the director Udayakumar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Urimai Geetham Tamil FIlm LP Vinyl Record by Manoj Kyan |url=https://mossymart.com/product/urimai-geetham-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-manoj-kyan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216093332/https://mossymart.com/product/urimai-geetham-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-manoj-kyan/ |archive-date=16 February 2022 |access-date=16 February 2022 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Urimai Geetham |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/urimai-geetham/Ryw15wmxk,A_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503122621/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/urimai-geetham/Ryw15wmxk,A_ |archive-date=3 May 2024 |access-date=3 May 2024 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref> The song "Mella Mella" became popular.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2021 |title=80களில் பட்டைய கிளப்பிய இரட்டை இசையமைப்பாளர்கள் மனோஜ் கியான் |url=https://cinereporters.com/manoj-kiyan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118184718/https://cinereporters.com/manoj-kiyan/ |archive-date=18 January 2022 |access-date=10 January 2024 |website=CineReporters |language=Ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2019 |title=இசை மாயாஜாலங்களை நிகழ்த்திய இரட்டை இசையமைப்பாளர்கள்- மனோஜ் கியான் |url=https://tamilminutes.com/manoj-gyan-music-director-1259282/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101060648/https://tamilminutes.com/manoj-gyan-music-director-1259282/ |archive-date=1 November 2023 |access-date=10 January 2024 |website=Tamil Minutes |language=ta}}</ref> The audio was launched at 12 July 1987 at New Woodlands Hotel, Chennai.<ref>{{cite news|work=Anna|title=உரிமைகீதம் கேசட் வெளியீடு |language=ta|access-date=23 July 2025|url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP372-6-23-11-171|date=11 October 1987|page=4|via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Ponmaanney
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length1 = 4:15
| title2 = Vidukathai
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Uma Ramanan]]
| length2 = 1:59
| title3 = Mella Mella
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Vidya
| length3 = 4:19
| title4 = Santhakadai
| extra4 = [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[S. N. Surendar]], B. S. Sasirekha
| length4 = 3:46
| title5 = Anju Viral
| extra5 = [[P. Jayachandran]], [[S. Janaki]], Udayakumar
| length5 = 4:06
| total_length = 18:25 
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Urimai Geetham'' was released on 26 February 1988.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=9 November 2022 |title=ஆர்.வி.உதயகுமார்: மண்மணக்கும் திரைமொழியில் பேசியவர்! |url=https://kamadenu.hindutamil.in/cinema/r-v-udayakumar-a-successful-director-in-the-nineties |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126083535/https://kamadenu.hindutamil.in/cinema/r-v-udayakumar-a-successful-director-in-the-nineties |archive-date=26 November 2022 |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=[[Kamadenu magazine|Kamadenu]] |language=ta}}</ref> [[Subha (writers)|Jayamanmadhan]] of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' said the director took an innovative story and mixed it with routine [[Masala film|masala]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஜெயமன்மதன் |author-link=Subha (writers) |date=13 March 1988 |title=உரிமை கீதம் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1988/mar/13-03-1988/p3.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220730082440/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1988/mar/13-03-1988/p3.jpg |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=16 February 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=3 |language=ta}}</ref> Udayakumar won the Best New face (Director) award at the [[9th Cinema Express Awards]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 March 1989 |title=Cinema Express readers choose Agni Nakshathiram |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19890311&printsec=frontpage |access-date=19 February 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=4 |via=[[Google News Archive]] |agency=Express News Service}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|10959936}}

{{R. V. Udayakumar}}

[[Category:1988 Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s political thriller films]]
[[Category:1988 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1988 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1988 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by R. V. Udayakumar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Manoj–Gyan]]
[[Category:Indian political thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

{{Improve categories|date=April 2024}}

2024–25 Gokulam Kerala FC season

2026-03-01T22:15:08Z

Rishank124: Added A Details.

{{Short description|Indian football club season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox football club season
| club = [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
| season = [[2024–25 in Indian football|2024–25]]
| chairman = [[:ml:ഗോകുലം ഗോപാലൻ|Gokulam Gopalan]] V. C. Praveen
| chrtitle = Chairman President
| owner = Sree Gokulam Group
| manager = [[:es:Antonio Jesús Rueda Fernández|Antonio Rueda]] ''(until 14 February 2025)'' Ranjith TA ''(from 15 February 2025)''
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| stadium = [[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|EMS Stadium]]
| league = [[I-League]]
| league result = ''[[2024–25 I-League|3th]]''
| cup1 = [[Super Cup (India)|Indian Super Cup]]
| cup1 result = ''[[2025 Super Cup (India, April)#Round of 16|Round of 16]]''
| cup2 =
| cup2 result =
| league topscorer = [[Thabiso Brown]] (11)
| season topscorer = [[Thabiso Brown]] (11)
| highest attendance = 6,243 vs [[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]] (3 December 2024)
| lowest attendance = 200 vs [[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]] (3 March 2025)
| average attendance = {{Round|{{Average|6243|3250|3220|3840|3210|2125|1200|400|200|400|5450}}|0}}
| largest win = 5-0 (vs [[Delhi FC|Delhi]], 8 January 2025)
| largest loss = 0-2 (vs [[Namdhari FC|Namdhari]], 17 January 2025)
| pattern_la1 =
| pattern_b1 = _vneckorange
| pattern_ra1 =
| pattern_sh1 =
| pattern_so1 =
| leftarm1 = 9B111E
| body1 = 9B111E
| rightarm1 = 9B111E
| shorts1 = 9B111E
| socks1 = FF8000
| pattern_la2 =
| pattern_b2 = _vneckblack
| pattern_ra2 =
| pattern_sh2 =
| pattern_so2 =
| leftarm2 = 8DFE61
| body2 = 8DFE61
| rightarm2 = 8DFE61
| shorts2 = 000000
| socks2 = 000000
| prevseason = [[2023–24 Gokulam Kerala F.C. season|2023–24]]
| nextseason = [[2025–26 Gokulam Kerala F.C. season|2025–26]]
| updated = 21 April 2025
}}
The '''2024–25 season''' was [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]'s eighth since its establishment in 2017 and their seventh in the [[I-League]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://khelnow.com/football/2024-02-indian-football-calendar-2024-25 | title=Indian Football Calendar 2024-25: More youth leagues, longer window for IWL and more }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/aiff-competitions-calendar-for-2024-25-season-released | title=AIFF Competitions Calendar for 2024-25 season released }}</ref> They finished [[2024–25 I-League|fourth]] in the league, having remained in title contention until the final matchday.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gokulam Kerala falter at final hurdle against Dempo |url=https://i-league.org/gokulam-kerala-falter-at-final-hurdle-against-dempo/#:~:text=KOZHIKODE%3A%20Dempo%20SC%20effected%20a,%2D2%20at%20half%2Dtime. |website=i-league.org |publisher=[[I-League]] |date=6 April 2025 |access-date=21 April 2025}}</ref> The club also competed in the [[2025 Super Cup (India, April)|2025 Indian Super Cup April edition]], where they were eliminated in the [[2025 Super Cup (India, April)#Round of 16|Round of 16]].<ref name="aiff-goa">{{cite web |title=Guarrotxena hat-trick helps FC Goa sink Gokulam Kerala in Kalinga Super Cup 2025 |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/guarrotxena-hat-trick-helps-fc-goa-sink-gokulam-kerala-in-kalinga-super-cup-2025 |website=the-aiff.com |publisher=[[All India Football Federation]] |date=21 April 2025 |access-date=21 April 2025}}</ref>

==Current technical staff==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!style="background:#7D2838; color:white;" |'''Position'''
!style="background:#7D2838; color:white;" |'''Name'''
|-
| Head coach
|{{flagicon|IND}} Ranjith TA
|-
| Assistant coach
| Vacant
|-
| Fitness and conditioning coach
| {{flagicon|IND}} Saifulla
|-
|Technical director
| {{flagicon|IND}} Ranjan Chowdhury
|-
| Goalkeeping coach
| {{flagicon|IND}} Fysal Bappu
|-
| Team manager
| {{flagicon|IND}} Nikidesh
|-
|}

== First-team squad ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Squad no.
! style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Name
! style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Nationality
! style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Position(s)
! style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Age
! style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Previous club
! style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Since
! style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Apps
! style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Goals
! style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Assists
|-
! colspan="10" style="background:#7D2838; color:white; text-align:center" | '''Goalkeepers'''
|-
| 1
| [[Loitongbam Bishorjit Singh|Bishorjit Singh]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
| 31
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[TRAU FC|TRAU]]
| 2023
| 8
| 0
| 0
|-
| 12
| [[Rakshit Dagar]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
| 31
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Inter Kashi FC|Inter Kashi]]
|2021, 2025-
| 33
| 0
| 0
|-
| 42
| [[Shibinraj Kunniyil]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
| 31
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Punjab FC|Punjab]]
| 2018–19, 2022–23, 2024
| 51
| 0
| 0
|-
|
| [[Avilash Paul]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
| 29
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan SG]]
| 2023
| 14
| 0
| 0
|-
! colspan="10" style="background:#7D2838; color:white; text-align:center" | '''Defenders'''
|-
| 2
| [[Salam Ranjan Singh]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Defender (association football)|CB]]
| 28
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[TRAU FC|TRAU]]
|2023
|33
|0
|1
|-
| 4
| [[Athul Unnikrishnan]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Right-back|RB]]
| 26
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC Reserves and Academy|East Bengal II]]
|2024
|21
|2
|0
|-
| 5
| [[Nidhin Krishna]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Defender (association football)|CB]]/ [[Defender (association football)#Full-back|RB]]
| 25
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala United FC|Kerala United]]
|2023
|47
|1
|1
|-
| 13
| [[Rahul khoukar]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Left-back|LB]]
| 25
|{{flagicon|IND}} Bangalore Eagles
|2023
|6
|0
|0
|-
| 18
| [[Laishram Johnson]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Right-back|RB]]/[[Left-back|LB]]
| 18
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sagolband United]]
|2023
|14
|1
|1
|-
| 27
| [[Sebastian Thangmuansang]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Right-back|RB]]
| 26
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
|2019-2021, 2024
|43
|0
|3
|-
| 30
| [[Bibin Ajayan]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Defender (association football)|CB]]
| 26
| [[Gokulam Kerala FC (Reserves)|GKFC Reserves]]
|2024
|10
|0
|0
|-
| 66
| [[Mashoor Shereef]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Defender (association football)|CB]]/[[Right-back|RB]]
| 31
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Punjab FC|Punjab]]
|2024
|21
|1
|0
|-
| 93
| [[Akhil Praveen]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Defender (association football)|CB]]
| 29
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala United FC|Kerala United]]
|2022
|24
|0
|0
|-
! colspan="10" style="background:#7D2838; color:white; text-align:center" | '''MidFielders'''
|-
| 6
| [[Rishad PP]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Midfielder|CM]]
| 28
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC (Reserves)|GKFC Reserves]]
|2021
|60
|3
|4
|-
| 7
| Abhijith Kurungodan
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Midfielder|CM]]
| 27
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC (Reserves)|GKFC Reserves]]
|2021
|53
|6
|4
|-
| 10
| [[Martín Cháves]]
| {{flagicon|URU}}
| [[Midfielder|AM]]
| 26
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
|2024
|19
|2
|4
|-
| 19
| [[Emil Benny]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Midfielder|AM]]
| 24
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|2020-2022, 2024
|48
|4
|8
|-
| 28
| [[Sergio Llamas]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| [[Midfielder|CM]]
| 31
| {{flagicon|BOL}} [[Guabirá]]
|2024
|21
|1
|5
|-
| 77
| [[Saurav Mandal]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Midfielder|AM]]
| 24
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|2025
|7
|0
|0
|-
| 99
| [[Rahul Raju]]
| {{flagicon|India}}
| [[Midfielder|CM]]
| 20
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru B]]
|2022
|36
|2
|0
|-
! colspan="10" style="background:#7D2838; color:white; text-align:center" | '''Forwards'''
|-
| 9
| [[Adama Niane (footballer)|Adama Niane]]
| {{flagicon|MLI}}
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| 31
| {{flagicon|AZE}} [[Kapaz PFK|Kapaz]]
|2024
|20
|6
|2
|-
| 11
| [[R Ramdinthara|Tharpuia]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| 22
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]]
|2024
|9
|1
|1
|-
| 15
| [[Suhair Vadakkepeedika|VP Suhair]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| 32
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| 2016–17, 2018–19, 2024
| 36
| 1
| 4
|-
| 17
| [[Nacho Abeledo]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| 28
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[CF Talavera de la Reina|Talavera]]
|2024
|22
|9
|8
|-
| 21
| [[Thabiso Brown]]
| {{flagicon|LES}}
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| 29
| {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Jiangxi Lushan F.C.|Jiangxi Lushan]]
|2025
|10
|11
|1
|-
| 23
| [[Michael Soosairaj]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| 29
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|2024
|13
|1
|0
|-
| 24
| [[Ranjeet Pandre]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| 29
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Punjab FC|Punjab]]
|2024
|10
|1
|0
|-
| 70
| [[Wander Luiz (footballer, born 1992)|Wander Luiz]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}}
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| 32
| {{flagicon|VIE}} [[Ho Chi Minh City FC|Ho Chi Minh City]]
|2025
|1
|0
|0
|-
| 77
| [[Siniša Stanisavić]]
| {{flagicon|MNE}}
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| 29
| {{flagicon|KGZ}} [[FC Dzhalal-Abad|Dzhalal-Abad]]
|2025
|13
|5
|0
|-
|
| [[Senthamil Shanbagam]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| 23
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| 2023
| 10
| 0
| 0
|-
|}

== New contracts ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! style="background:#7D2838; color:white;" |'''Date'''
! style="background:#7D2838; color:white;" |'''Position'''
! style="background:#7D2838; color:white;" |'''No.'''
! style="background:#7D2838; color:white;" |''' Player'''
! style="background:#7D2838; color:white;" |'''Ref.'''
|-
|6 July 2024
| MF
| 06
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rishad PP]]
|
|}

==Transfers and loans ==

===Transfers in===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background:#7D2838; color:#FFFFFF; |'''Entry date'''
! style="background:#7D2838; color:white;" |'''Position'''
! style="background:#7D2838; color:white;" |'''Player'''
! style="background:#7D2838; color:white;" |'''Previous club'''
! style="background:#7D2838; color:white;" |'''Fee'''
! style="background:#7D2838; color:white;" |'''Ref.'''
|-
|2 May 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|URU}} [[Martín Cháves]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gokulam Kerala sign Martin Chaves on a 2-year deal - Reports |date=2 May 2024 |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/news-gokulam-kerala-sign-martin-chaves-2-year-deal-reports |access-date=2024-10-17}}</ref>
|-
|1 June 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arjun Jayaraj]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sporting Club Bengaluru|SC Bengaluru]]
| Loan Return
|
|-
|1 June 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} Dilip Oraon
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[United SC]]
| Loan Return
|
|-
|1 June 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rahul Raju]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
| Loan Return
|
|-
|22 June 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Michael Soosairaj]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-24 |title=Craving for opportunities, Soosairaj cannot wait to prove his worth in I-League |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/craving-for-opportunities-soosairaj-cannot-wait-to-prove-his-worth-in-i-league/articleshow/111225905.cms |access-date=2024-10-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|7 July 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Sergio Llamas]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|BOL}} [[Guabirá]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lekuona |first=Javier |date=2024-07-07 |title=Sergio Llamas se marcha a jugar a la India |url=https://as.com/futbol/sergio-llamas-se-marcha-a-jugar-a-la-india-n/?outputType=amp |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=Diario AS |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|9 July 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Muhammed Jiyad]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Luca SC]]
| None
|
|-
|14 July 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|COL}} [[José Luis Moreno]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|VEN}} [[Metropolitanos F.C.|Metropolitanos]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gokulam Kerala have completed the signing of Jose Luis Moreno. The 27-year-old defender has experien |url=https://www.pixstory.com/story/gokulam-kerala-have-completed-the-signing-of-jose-luis-moreno-the-27-year-old-defender-has-experien/321280 |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=Pixstory |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|18 July 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Athul Unnikrishnan]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC Reserves and Academy|East Bengal Reserves]]
| None
|
|-
|23 July 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Abdu Lumala]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|CRO}} [[NK Slaven Belupo|Slaven Belupo]]
| None
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.besoccer.com/player/transfers/lumala-abdu|title=Player profile :: Lumala Abdu :: Transfers|access-date=20 July 2024|archive-date=20 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720090610/https://www.besoccer.com/player/transfers/lumala-abdu|website=BeSoccer}}</ref>
|-
|6 August 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Nacho Abeledo]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[CF Talavera de la Reina|Talavera]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=🚨 Gokulam Kerala FC signs talented Spanish winger Ignacio Abeledo on a one-year deal! With 173 appe |url=https://www.pixstory.com/story/gokulam-kerala-fc-signs-talented-spanish-winger-ignacio-abeledo-on-a-one-year-deal-with-173-appe/324804 |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=Pixstory |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|13 August 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sebastian Thangmuansang]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
| None
|
|-
|21 August 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[R Ramdinthara|Tharpuia]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]]
| None
|
|-
|30 August 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Joris Correa]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Olympique Alès]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=French striker Joris Correa joins Gokulam Kerala to replace Alex Sanchez who has decided to particip |url=https://www.pixstory.com/story/french-striker-joris-correa-joins-gokulam-kerala-to-replace-alex-sanchez-who-has-decided-to-particip/326585 |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=Pixstory |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|31 August 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shibinraj Kunniyil]]
| style="text-align:left;"|
| None
|
|-
|31 August 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vasim Inamdar]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dempo SC|Dempo]]
| None
|
|-
|29 September 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Suhair Vadakkepeedika|VP Suhair]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| None
|
|-
|4 October 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Emil Benny]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| None
|
|-
|17 November 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|MLI}} [[Adama Niane (footballer)|Adama Niane]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|AZE}} [[Kapaz PFK|Kapaz]]
| None
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=gokulam kerala welcomes malian striker adama-niane for upcoming i-league-season |url=https://fieldvision.co.in/2024/11/18/i-league-2024-25-gokulam-kerala-fc-welcomes-malian-striker-adama-niane-for-upcoming-i-league-season |date=2024-11-18 |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=fieldvision |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|4 January 2025
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|MNE}} Siniša Stanisavić
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|KGZ}} [[FC Dzhalal-Abad|Dzhalal-Abad]]
| None
|
|-
|14 January 2025
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Wander Luiz (footballer, born 1992)|Wander Luiz]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|VIE}} [[Ho Chi Minh City FC|Ho Chi Minh City]]
| None
|
|-
|31 January 2025
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rakshit Dagar]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Inter Kashi FC|Inter Kashi]]
| None
|
|-
|7 February 2025
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|LES}} [[Thabiso Brown]]
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Jiangxi Lushan F.C.|Jiangxi Lushan]]
| None
|
|-
|}

=== Loan in ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Start date'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''End date'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Position'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Player'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''From club'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Fee'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Ref'''
|-
| 3 September 2024
| End of the season
| style="text-align:center;" | FW
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} Muhammad Ajsal
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|None
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-03 |title=Loan update |url=https://keralablastersfc.in/loan-update/ |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=Kerala Blasters FC |language=en-US |archive-date=3 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903190523/https://keralablastersfc.in/loan-update/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 30 October 2024
| End of the season
| style="text-align:center;" | FW
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ranjeet Pandre]]
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Punjab FC|Punjab]]
|None
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-30 |title=Loan update |url=https://x.com/GokulamKeralaFC/status/1851597099411898431/photo/1}}</ref>
|-
| 15 December 2024
| End of the season
| style="text-align:center;" | MF
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saurav Mandal]]
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|None
|
|-
| 31 January 2025
| End of the season
| style="text-align:center;" | DF
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} Halen Nongtdu
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|None
|
|-
|}

=== Loan out ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Start date'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''End date'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Position'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Player'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''To club'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Fee'''
! style="background:#d50000; color:white;" |'''Ref'''
|-
| 24 January 2025
| End of season
| style="text-align:center;" | FW
| style="text-align:left;" | Senthamil S
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Sports Academy Tirur|SAT]]
|None
|
|-
|}

===Transfers out===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background:#7D2838; color:white;" |'''Exit date'''
! style="background:#7D2838; color:white;" |'''Position'''
! style="background:#7D2838; color:white;" |'''No.'''
! style="background:#7D2838; color:white;" |'''Player'''
! style="background:#7D2838; color:white;" |'''To club'''
! style="background:#7D2838; color:white;" |'''Fee'''
! style="background:#7D2838; color:white;" |'''Ref.'''
|-
| 24 April 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| 38
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Álex Sánchez (footballer, born 1989)|Álex Sánchez]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Malappuram FC|Malappuram]]
| Free Transfer
|
|-
| 25 May 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| 7
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|TJK}} [[Komron Tursunov]]
| style="text-align:left;"|
|
|
|-
| 31 May 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| 29
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Noufal PN]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| Free Transfer
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mumbaicityfc.com/news/mumbai-city-fc-confirms-the-signing-of-noufal-pn|title=Mumbai City FC Confirms The Signing Of Noufal P.N|date=15 June 2024|website=mumbaicityfc.com|accessdate=16 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1 June 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 33
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Muhammed Saheef|Muhammad Saheef]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| Loan Return
|
|-
| 1 June 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| GK
| style="text-align:center;"| 35
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Devansh Dabas]]
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| Loan Return
|
|-
| 1 June 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| 77
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalliansanga Renthlei]]
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| Loan Return
|
|-
| 7 June 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| 8
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sreekuttan V. S.|Sreekuttan VS]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jamshedpur FC]]
| Free Transfer
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-06-30 |title=ISL transfers: Jamshedpur FC sign Sreekuttan VS for three seasons |url=https://thebridge.in/football/jamshedpur-fc-sign-sreekuttan-vs-for-three-seasons-48112 |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 10 June 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 17
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|CMR}} [[Aminou Bouba]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]]
| Free Transfer
|
|-
| 10 July 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 3
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Saurabh Meher]]
| style="text-align:left;"|
|
|
|-
| 10 July 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| 44
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Basit Ahmed Bhat]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Downtown Heroes FC|Downtown Heroes]]
| Free Transfer
|
|-
| 17 July 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| 10
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Pitu Viera]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[UD Tamaraceite|Tamaraceite]]
|
|
|-
| 17 July 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"| 20
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|SRB}} [[Nikola Stojanović (footballer, born 1995)|Nikola Stojanović]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Inter Kashi]]
| Free Transfer
|
|-
| 17 July 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| 25
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|SRB}} [[Matija Babović]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dempo SC|Dempo]]
| Free Transfer
|
|-
| 29 July 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 15
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Abdul Hakku Nediyodath|Abdul Hakku]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Calicut FC|Calicut]]
| Free Transfer
|<ref>{{cite web|title=calicut.fc|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C91dO7tzmJF/|date=25 July 2024|access-date=25 July 2024|website=calicut.fc}}</ref>
|-
| 29 July 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 45
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anas Edathodika]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Malappuram FC]]
| Free Transfer
|
|-
| 29 July 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"| 11
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sourav K]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
| Free Transfer
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-18 |title=Hyderabad FC complete singing of Sourav K |url=https://hyderabadfc.co.in/2024/announcement/hyderabad-fc-complete-singing-of-sourav-k/#:~:text=Hyderabad:%20Hyderabad%20FC%20have%20completed,in%20from%20the%20Malabar%20coast. |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=HyderabadFC.co.in |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| 1 August 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"| 04
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vikas Singh Saini|Vikas Saini]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kannur Warriors FC]]
| Free Transfer
|
|-
| 21 August 2024
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arjun Jayaraj]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Forca Kochi FC]]
| Free Transfer
|
|-
| 17 January 2025
| style="text-align:center;"| DF
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|COL}} [[José Luis Moreno]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
| Free Transfer
|
|-
| 20 January 2025
| style="text-align:center;"| FW
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Muhammad Ajsal]]
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| Loan Return
|
|-
| 12 March 2025
| style="text-align:center;"| MF
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} Christy Davis
| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Muthoot Football Academy|Muthoot FA]]
| Free Transfer
|
|-
|}

==Pre-season==
On 24 August, Gokulam Kerala announced they will participate in the second edition of Climate Cup in [[Leh]], Ladakh during pre-season.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-08-31 |title=2nd edition of Ladakh Climate Cup set to kick off from Sep 1 |url=https://www.10net.in/2024/08/31/2nd-edition-of-ladakh-climate-cup-set-to-kick-off-from-sep-1/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=The Earth News Network |language=en-US}}</ref>
{{football box collapsible
| round = Climate Cup GS
| date = 1 September 2024
| time = 14:00 IST
| team1 = Skalzangling FC
| score = 1-8
| report =
| team2 = Gokulam Kerala
| goals1 = * T.Angchok {{goal}}
| goals2 = * Athul Unnikrishnan {{goal}}
* [[Rahul Raju]] {{goal}}
* [[Sebastian Thangmuansang]]{{goal}}
* [[R Ramdinthara|Tharpuia]] {{goal}}
* Shijin Thadhayouse {{goal}}{{goal}}
* Nidhin Krishna {{goal}}
* Laishram Johnson{{goal}}
| stadium = Spituk Football Stadium
| location = [[Leh]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
| round = Climate Cup GS
| date = 2 September 2024
| time = 16:30 IST
| team1 = Gokulam Kerala
| score = 2-0
| report =
| team2 = [[J&K Bank Football Club|J&K Bank FC]]
| goals1 = * [[Rahul Raju]] {{goal}}
* [[Mashoor Shereef]] {{goal}}
| goals2 =
| stadium = Spituk Football Stadium
| location = [[Leh]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = Climate Cup SF
| date = 5 September 2024
| time = 09:30 IST
| team1 = Gokulam Kerala
| score = 0-0
| report =
| team2 = [[1 Ladakh FC]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
|penalties1 =
|penalties2 =
|penaltyscore = 4–2
| stadium = Spituk Football Stadium
| location = [[Leh]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = D
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = Climate Cup F
| date = 7 September 2024
| time = 11:00 IST
| team1 = Gokulam Kerala
| score = 4-0
| report =
| team2 = [[J&K Bank Football Club|J&K Bank FC]]
| goals1 = * [[Mashoor Shereef]] {{goal|22}}
* OG {{goal|34}}
* [[R Ramdinthara|Tharpuia]] {{goal|47}}
* [[Vasim Inamdar]] {{goal|87}}
| goals2 =
| stadium = Spituk Football Stadium
| location = [[Leh]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
| round = [[Friendly match|Friendly]]
| date = 26 September 2024
| time = 16:00 IST
| team1 = Gokulam Kerala
| score = 1-0
| report =
| team2 = [[Kerala Police (football team)|Kerala Police]]
| goals1 = * [[R Ramdinthara|Tharpuia]] {{goal}}
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
| location = [[Kozhikode]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = [[Friendly match|Friendly]]
| date = 12 October 2024
| time = IST
| team1 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| score = 2-1
| team2 = Gokulam Kerala
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Marina Arena]]
| location = [[Chennai]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = L
| report = Game played in 3 parts of 45 minutes: 0–0 at 45', 0–1 at 90', 2–1 at 135'
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = [[Friendly match|Friendly]]
| date = 14 November 2024
| time = 16:00 IST
| team1 = Gokulam Kerala
| score = 2-1
| report =
| team2 = [[Kerala football team|Kerala]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
| location = [[Kozhikode]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}

==Competitions==

===Overview===
{{Fb overview2
|c=1
|c1=[[2024–25 I-League|I-League]] |fm1= 22 November 2024 |lm1=6 April 2025|sr1=Match Day 1 |fp1= [[2024–25 I-League|4th]] |w1=11|l1=7|d1=4|f1=45 |a1=29
|c2=[[2025 Super Cup (India, April)|Indian Super Cup]]|fm2=21 April 2025|lm2=21 April 2025|sr2=[[2025 Super Cup (India, April)#Round of 16|R16]] |fp2=[[2025 Super Cup (India, April)|R16]]|w2=0|l2=1|d2=0|f2=0|a2=3
|u={{Start date|2025|04|21|df=y}}
}}

===I-League===
{{Main|2024–25 I-League}}

==== League table ====
{{:2024–25 I-League|showteam=GOK}}

==== Results by round ====
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b
|header = Round
|label1 = Ground
| res1 =[[Deccan Arena|A]]/[[TRC Turf Ground|A]]/[[EMS Stadium|H]]/[[EMS Stadium|H]]/[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|A]]/[[EMS Stadium|H]]/[[Mahilpur FootballStadium|A]]/[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|A]]/[[EMS Stadium|H]]/[[EMS Stadium|H]]/[[EMS Stadium|H]]/[[Bankimanjali Stadium|A]]/[[Tilak Maidan|A]]/[[EMS Stadium|H]]/[[EMS Stadium|H]]/[[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium (Aizawl)|A]]/[[EMS Stadium|H]]/[[Vidhyadhar Nagar Stadium|A]]/[[Namdhari Stadium|A]]/[[Bangalore Football Stadium|A]]/[[EMS Stadium|H]]/[[EMS Stadium|H]]

|label2 = Result
| res2 =W/D/D/L/D/D/W/W/L/W/W/L/L/L/W/W/L/W/W/W/W/L
|label3 = Position
| res3 =2/5/6/7/7/7/4/4/5/4/3/4/7/7/6/4/5/4/4/4/2/4
|label4 = Points
| res4 =3p/4p/5/5/6/7/10p/13p/13p/16p/19p/19p/19p/19p/22p/25p/25p/28p/31p/34p/37p/37p

|text_H=Home|text_A=Away
|color_W=green2|text_W=Win
|color_D=yellow2|text_D=Draw
|color_L=red2|text_L=Loss
|color_1=1st|color_2=2nd|color_3=3rd|color_10-=red1

|source=
|updated=06 April 2025
}}

==== Matches ====
'''Note''': I-League announced the fixtures for the 2024–25 season on 23 October 2024.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/i-league-2024-25-fixtures-schedule-isl-news-gokulam-kerala-dempo-sreenidi-deccan/article68790897.ece | title=I-League 2024-25 fixtures announced: Tournament to begin from November 22 | date=24 October 2024 }}</ref>

{{football box collapsible
| round = 1
| date = {{Start date|2024|11|22|df=y}}
| time = 16.30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]]
| score = 2-3
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=39418 Report]
| team2 = Gokulam Kerala
| goals1 = *[[Lalromawia]] {{goal|40}}
*[[David Castañeda (footballer)|David Castañeda]] {{goal|90+6}}
| goals2 = *[[Martín Cháves|Cháves]] {{goal|60}}
*[[Nacho Abeledo|Abeledo]] {{goal|85}}
*[[R Ramdinthara|Tharpuia]] {{goal|90+5}}
| location = [[Hyderabad]]
| stadium = [[Deccan Arena]]
| attendance = 800
| result = W
| motm = [[Nacho Abeledo|Abeledo]](Gokulam Kerala)
| referee = K Ramdasan
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 2
| date = {{Start date|2024|11|29|df=y}}
| time = 14.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]]
| score = 1-1
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=39424 Report]
| team2 = Gokulam Kerala
| goals1 = *[[Aminou Bouba|Bouba]] {{goal|2}}
| goals2 = *[[Athul Unnikrishnan|Athul]] {{goal|76}}
| location = [[Srinagar]]
| stadium = [[TRC Turf Ground]]
| attendance = 6,420
| result = D
| motm =
| referee = Jatinder Singh
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 3
| date = {{Start date|2024|12|03|df=y}}
| time = 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Gokulam Kerala
| score = 1-1
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=39431 Report]
| team2 = [[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]]
| goals1 = *[[Rishad PP]] {{goal|45+1}}
| goals2 = *Lalhriatpuia . {{goal|13}}
| location = [[Kozhikode]]
| stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
| attendance =6,243
| result = D
| motm = [[Rishad PP]] (Gokulam Kerala)
| referee = Aravind Shekhar A
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 4
| date = {{Start date|2024|12|07|df=y}}
| time = 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Gokulam Kerala
| score =0-1
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=39437 Report]
| team2 = [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 = *[[Stendly Fernandes]] {{goal|13}}
| location = [[Kozhikode]]
| stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
| attendance =3,250
| result = L
| motm = Lamgoulen Semkholun (Churchill Brothers)
| referee = Dipu Roy
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 5
| date = {{Start date|2024|12|14|df=y}}
| time = 16.30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]
| score = 0-0
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=39444 Report]
| team2 = Gokulam Kerala
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| location = [[Shillong]]
| stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
| attendance =3,665
| result = D
| motm = [[Nacho Abeledo|Abeledo]](Gokulam Kerala)
| referee = Muhammed Junaid
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 6
| date = {{Start date|2024|12|19|df=y}}
| time = 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Gokulam Kerala
| score = 0-0
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=39451 Report]
| team2 = [[Rajasthan United FC|Rajasthan United]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| location = [[Kozhikode]]
| stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
| attendance = 3,220
| result = D
| motm = [[Sergio Llamas]] (Gokulam Kerala)
| referee = Mrutyunjay L Amatya
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 7
| date = {{Start date|2025|01|08|df=y}}
| time = 14.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Delhi FC|Delhi]]
| score = 0-5
| report =[https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=39454 Report]
| team2 = Gokulam Kerala
| goals1 =
| goals2 = *[[Adama Niane (footballer)|Adama Niane]] {{goal|41||63}}
*[[Rahul Raju]] {{goal|81}}
*Danilo {{goal|89|og}}
*[[Nacho Abeledo|Abeledo]] {{goal|90+5}}
| location = [[Mahilpur]]
| stadium = Mahilpur Football Stadium
| attendance = 10,738
| result = W
| motm = [[Sergio Llamas]](Gokulam Kerala)
| referee = Mrutyunjay L Amatya
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 8
| date = {{Start date|2025|01|14|df=y}}
| time = 16.30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Dempo SC|Dempo]]
| score = 0-1
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=39465 Report]
| team2 = Gokulam Kerala
| goals1 =
| goals2 = *Abhijith K {{goal|86}}
| location = [[Panaji]]
| stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Margao)|Fatorda Stadium]]
| attendance = 350
| result = W
| motm = Abhijith K (Gokulam Kerala)
| referee = I Jamal Mohamed
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 9
| date = {{Start date|2025|01|17|df=y}}
| time = 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Gokulam Kerala
| score = 0-2
| report =
| team2 = [[Namdhari FC|Namdhari]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| location = [[Kozhikode]]
| stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
| attendance =
| result = L
| motm =
| referee =
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 10
| date = {{Start date|2025|01|24|df=y}}
| time = 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Gokulam Kerala
| score = 6-2
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=39473 Report]
| team2 = [[Inter Kashi FC|Inter Kashi]]
| goals1 = *[[Siniša Stanisavić]] {{goal|10||30||73}}
*[[Nacho Abeledo|Abeledo]] {{goal|45+3||90+5}}
*[[Sergio Llamas]] {{goal|51}}
| goals2 = *[[Bryce Miranda]] {{goal|3}}
*[[Matija Babović]] {{goal|27}}
| location = [[Kozhikode]]
| stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
| attendance = 3,210
| result = W
| motm = [[Nacho Abeledo|Abeledo]] (Gokulam Kerala)
| referee = K.Ramdasan
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 11
| date = {{Start date|2025|01|29|df=y}}
| time = 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Gokulam Kerala
| score = 2-0
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=39481 Report]
| team2 = [[SC Bengaluru|Sporting Bengaluru]]
| goals1 = *[[Nacho Abeledo|Abeledo]] {{goal|45+3||90+5}}
| goals2 =
| location = [[Kozhikode]]
| stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
| attendance = 2
| result = W
| motm = [[Nacho Abeledo|Abeledo]] (Gokulam Kerala)
| referee =
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 12
| date = {{Start date|2025|02|01|df=y}}
| time = 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Inter Kashi FC|Inter Kashi]]
| score = 3-2
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=39484 Report]
| team2 = Gokulam Kerala
| goals1 =
| goals2 = *Abhijith K {{goal|40}}
*[[Siniša Stanisavić]] {{goal|74}}
| location = [[Kolkata]]
| stadium = [[Bankimanjali Stadium|Naihati Stadium]]
| attendance = 279
| result = L
| motm =
| referee = Surojit Das
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 13
| date = {{Start date|2025|02|07|df=y}}
| time = 16.30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
| score = 2-1
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=39492 Report]
| team2 = Gokulam Kerala
| goals1 = *Lalremruata Ralte {{goal|21}}
*[[Kingslee Fernandes]] {{goal|62}}
| goals2 = *[[Michael Soosairaj]] {{goal|90+4}}
| location = [[Raia, Goa|Raia]]
| stadium = [[Raia, Goa|Raia]] Panchayat Ground
| attendance = 1,000
| result = L
| motm = Lalremruata Ralte
| referee = Lakshay
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 14
| date = {{Start date|2025|02|12|df=y}}
| time = 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Gokulam Kerala
| score = 0-1
| report =
| team2 = [[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| location = [[Kozhikode]]
| stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
| attendance =
| result = L
| motm =
| referee =
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 15
| date = {{Start date|2025|02|17|df=y}}
| time = 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Gokulam Kerala
| score = 6-3
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=39502 Report]
| team2 = [[Delhi FC|Delhi]]
| goals1 =*[[Martín Cháves|Cháves]] {{goal|13}}
*[[Adama Niane (footballer)|Adama Niane]] {{goal|21||54}}
*[[Nacho Abeledo|Abeledo]] {{goal|57||75}}
*[[Ranjeet Pandre|Ranjeet]] {{goal|90+9}}
| goals2 =*Gwgwmsar Gayary {{goal|3}}
*Hridaya Jain {{goal|64}}
*Stéphane Binong {{goal|81}}
| location = [[Kozhikode]]
| stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
| attendance = 400
| result = W
| motm = [[Nacho Abeledo|Abeledo]] (Gokulam Kerala)
| referee = Jatinder Singh
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 16
| date = {{Start date|2025|02|25|df=y}}
| time = 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]]
| score = 1-2
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=39511 Report]
| team2 = Gokulam Kerala
| goals1 = *[[Samuel Lalmuanpuia]] {{goal|17}}
| goals2 = *[[Siniša Stanisavić]] {{goal|49}}
*[[Thabiso Brown]] {{goal|90+5}}
| location = [[Aizawl]]
| stadium = [[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium (Aizawl)|Rajiv Gandhi Stadium]]
| attendance = 400
| result = W
| motm = [[Samuel Lalmuanpuia]]
| referee = Surojit Das
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 17
| date = {{Start date|2025|03|03|df=y}}
| time = 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Gokulam Kerala
| score = 3-4
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=39518 Report]
| team2 = [[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]
| goals1 = *[[Thabiso Brown]] {{goal|9||54}}
*[[Mashoor Shereef]] {{goal|88}}
| goals2 = *[[Phrangki Buam]] {{goal|14||50}}
*Marcos Rudwere {{goal|85}}
*[[Renan Paulino]] {{goal|90+7}}
| location = [[Kozhikode]]
| stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
| attendance = 200
| result = L
| motm = [[Phrangki Buam]]
| referee = I Jamal Mohamed
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 18
| date = {{Start date|2025|03|06|df=y}}
| time = 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Rajasthan United FC|Rajasthan United]]
| score = 0-3
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=39520 Report]
| team2 = Gokulam Kerala
| goals1 = *[[Thabiso Brown]] {{goal|45||81}}
*[[Athul Unnikrishnan]] {{goal|57}}
| goals2 =
| location = [[Jaipur]]
| stadium = Vidhyadhar Nagar Stadium
| attendance = 254
| result = W
| motm = [[Thabiso Brown]]
| referee = Lakshay
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 19
| date = {{Start date|2025|03|17|df=y}}
| time = 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Namdhari FC|Namdhari]]
| score = 1-3
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=39527 Report]
| team2 = Gokulam Kerala
| goals1 = *Manvir Singh {{goal|63}}
| goals2 = *[[Thabiso Brown]] {{goal|57}}
*[[Adama Niane (footballer)|Adama Niane]] {{goal|81}}
*[[Nacho Abeledo|Abeledo]] {{goal|90+2}}
| location = [[Sri Bhaini Sahib|Bhaini Sahib]]
| stadium = [[Namdhari FC#Stadiums|Namdhari Stadium]]
| attendance = 500
| result = W
| motm = Nishan Singh
| referee = Pratik Mondal
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 20
| date = {{Start date|2025|03|22|df=y}}
| time = 16.30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[SC Bengaluru|Sporting Bengaluru]]
| score = 1-2
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=39532 Report]
| team2 = Gokulam Kerala
| goals1 = *[[Thomyo Shimray]] {{goal|90+1}}
| goals2 = *[[Thabiso Brown]] {{goal|46}}
*[[Adama Niane (footballer)|Adama Niane]] {{goal|75}}
| location = [[Bengaluru]]
| stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
| attendance = 300
| result = W
| motm = [[Adama Niane (footballer)|Adama Niane]]
| referee = Aswin
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 21
| date = {{Start date|2025|03|30|df=y}}
| time = 19.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Gokulam Kerala
| score = 1-0
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=39538 Report]
| team2 = [[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]]
| goals1 = *[[Thabiso Brown]] {{goal|15}}
| goals2 =
| location = [[Kozhikode]]
| stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
| attendance = 400
| result = W
| motm = [[Thabiso Brown]]
| referee =Mrutyunjay L Amatya
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 22
| date = {{Start date|2025|04|06|df=y}}
| time = 16.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Gokulam Kerala
| score = 3-4
| report =
| team2 = [[Dempo SC|Dempo]]
| goals1 = *[[Thabiso Brown]] {{goal|4||11||73}}
| goals2 =
| location = [[Kozhikode]]
| stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
| attendance =
| result = L
| motm =
| referee =
}}

===Indian Super Cup===
{{Main|2025 Super Cup (India, April)}}
Gokulam Kerala were eliminated in the Round of 16 of the 2025 Super Cup, following a 3–0 defeat to [[FC Goa]] in [[Bhubaneswar]].<ref name="aiff-goa" />

{{football box collapsible
| round = 1
| date = {{Start date|2025|04|21|df=y}}
| time = 16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| score = 3-0
| report = [https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/49581 AIFF] [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=49581 I-League]
| team2 = Gokulam Kerala
| goals1 = *[[Iker Guarrotxena]] {{goal|23|pen.|35||71}}
| goals2 =
| location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
| stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]]
| attendance = 568
| result = L
| motm = [[Iker Guarrotxena]] (Goa)
| referee = Pratik Mondal
}}

==Statistics ==

=== Appearances===
Players with no appearances are not included on the list.

{{Updated|21 April 2025}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2"|No.
! rowspan="2"|Pos.
! rowspan="2"|Nat.
! rowspan="2" style="width:180px;"|Name
! colspan="2" style="width:86px;"|[[2022–23 I-League|I-League]]
! colspan="2" style="width:86px;"|[[2023 Indian Super Cup|Super Cup]]
! colspan="2" style="width:86px;"|Total
|-
!Apps
!Starts
!Apps
!Starts
!Apps
!Starts
|-
|1
|GK
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Bishorjit Singh]]
||4||3||0||0||'''4'''||'''3'''
|-
|2
|DF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Salam Ranjan Singh]]
||12||11||1||1||'''13'''||'''12'''
|-
|4
|DF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Athul Unnikrishnan]]
||20||18||1||1||'''21'''||'''19'''
|-
|5
|DF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Nidhin Krishna]]
||21||20||1||1||'''22'''||'''21'''
|-
|6
|MF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Rishad PP]]
||14||6||1||0||'''15'''||'''6'''
|-
|7
|MF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|Abhijith Kurungodan
||16||11||1||1||'''17'''||'''12'''
|-
|9
|FW
|{{Flagicon|MLI}}
|align=left|[[Adama Niane (footballer)|Adama Niane]]
||19||11||1||1||'''20'''||'''12'''
|-
|10
|MF
|{{Flagicon|URU}}
|align=left|[[Martín Cháves]]
||18||14||1||0||'''19'''||'''14'''
|-
|11
|FW
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[R Ramdinthara|Tharpuia]]
||9||3||0||0||'''9'''||'''3'''
|-
|12
|FW
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|Senthamil S
||3||0||0||0||'''3'''||'''0'''
|-
|12
|GK
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Rakshit Dagar]]
||4||4||0||0||'''4'''||'''4'''
|-
|13
|DF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|Rahul Khokar
||4||0||0||0||'''4'''||'''0'''
|-
|15
|FW
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Suhair Vadakkepeedika|VP Suhair]]
||17||15||0||0||'''17'''||'''15'''
|-
|17
|MF
|{{Flagicon|ESP}}
|align=left|[[Nacho Abeledo]]
||21||20||1||1||'''22'''||'''21'''
|-
|18
|DF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Laishram Johnson]]
||6||5||1||1||'''7'''||'''6'''
|-
|19
|MF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Emil Benny]]
||5||1||0||0||'''5'''||'''1'''
|-
|21
|FW
|{{Flagicon|LES}}
|align=left|[[Thabiso Brown]]
||9||7||1||1||'''10'''||'''8'''
|-
|23
|MF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Michael Soosairaj]]
||13||4||0||0||'''13'''||'''4'''
|-
|24
|FW
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Ranjeet Pandre]]
||9||1||1||0||'''10'''||'''1'''
|-
|27
|MF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Sebastian Thangmuansang]]
||13||12||0||0||'''13'''||'''12'''
|-
|28
|MF
|{{Flagicon|ESP}}
|align=left|[[Sergio Llamas]]
||20||20||1||1||'''21'''||'''21'''
|-
|30
|DF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|Bibin Ajayan
||10||4||0||0||'''10'''||'''4'''
|-
|42
|GK
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Shibinraj Kunniyil]]
||16||15||1||1||'''17'''||'''16'''
|-
|66
|DF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Mashoor Shereef]]
||18||16||0||0||'''18'''||'''16'''
|-
|70
|FW
|{{Flagicon|BRA}}
|align=left|[[Wander Luiz (footballer, born 1992)|Wander Luiz]]
||1||0||0||0||'''1'''||'''0'''
|-
|77
|MF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Saurav Mandal]]
||7||1||0||0||'''7'''||'''1'''
|-
|93
|DF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Akhil Praveen]]
||6||4||1||0||'''7'''||'''4'''
|-
|95
|FW
|{{Flagicon|MNE}}
|align=left|[[Siniša Stanisavić]]
||12||10||1||1||'''13'''||'''11'''
|-
|99
|MF
|{{Flagicon|IND}}
|align=left|[[Rahul Raju]]
||11||7||0||0||'''11'''||'''7'''
|-
|}

===Goal scorers===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Rank
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|No.
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Pos.
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Nat.
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Name
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|I League
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Super Cup
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Total
|-
| rowspan="1"| 1
| 21
| FW
| {{flagicon|LES}}
| [[Thabiso Brown]]
| |11||0||'''11'''
|-
| rowspan="1"| 2
| 17
| MF
| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| [[Nacho Abeledo]]
| |9||0||'''9'''
|-
| rowspan="2"| 3
| 9
| FW
| {{flagicon|MLI}}
| [[Adama Niane (footballer)|Adama Niane]]
| |6||0||'''6'''
|-
| 95
| FW
| {{flagicon|MNE}}
| [[Siniša Stanisavić]]
| |5||0||'''5'''
|-
| rowspan="3"| 5
| 4
| DF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Athul Unnikrishnan]]
| |2||0||'''2'''
|-
| 7
| MF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| Abhijith kurungodan
| |2||0||'''2'''
|-
| 10
| MF
| {{flagicon|URU}}
| [[Martín Cháves]]
| |2||0||'''2'''
|-
| rowspan="7"| 8
| 6
| MF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Rishad PP]]
| |1||0||'''1'''
|-
| 11
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[R Ramdinthara|Tharpuia]]
| |1||0||'''1'''
|-
| 23
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Michael Soosairaj]]
| |1||0||'''1'''
|-
| 24
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Ranjeet Pandre]]
| |1||0||'''1'''
|-
| 28
| MF
| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| [[Sergio Llamas]]
| |1||0||'''1'''
|-
| 66
| DF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Mashoor Shereef]]
| |1||0||'''1'''
|-
| 99
| MF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Rahul Raju]]
| |1||0||'''1'''
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
|colspan="5"| Own Goals ||1||0||'''1'''
|- class="sortbottom"
|colspan="5"| '''Total'''||'''45'''||'''0'''||'''45'''
|}

===Assists===
Not all goals have an assist.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Rank
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|No.
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Pos.
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Nat.
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Name
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|I League
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Super Cup
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Total
|-
| rowspan="1"| 1
| 17
| MF
| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| [[Nacho Abeledo]]
| |8||0||'''8'''
|-
| rowspan="1"| 2
| 28
| MF
| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| [[Sergio Llamas]]
| |5||0||'''5'''
|-
| rowspan="2"| 3
| 10
| FW
| {{flagicon|URU}}
| [[Martín Cháves]]
| |4||0||'''4'''
|-
| 15
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Suhair Vadakkepeedika|VP Suhair]]
| |4||0||'''4'''
|-
| rowspan="1"| 4
| 9
| FW
| {{flagicon|MLI}}
| [[Adama Niane (footballer)|Adama Niane]]
| |2||0||'''2'''
|-
| rowspan="4"| 6
| 5
| DF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| Nidhin Krishna
| |1||0||'''1'''
|-
| 11
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[R Ramdinthara|Tharpuia]]
| |1||0||'''1'''
|-
| 21
| FW
| {{flagicon|LES}}
| [[Thabiso Brown]]
| |1||0||'''1'''
|-
| 34
| DF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| Laishram Johnson Singh
| |1||0||'''1'''
|-
|}

===Clean sheets===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"
|-
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|No.
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Nation
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Name
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|I-League
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Super Cup
!style="background:#d50000; color:white; text-align:center;"|Total
|-
| 42
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Shibinraj Kunniyil]]
| |5||0||'''5'''
|-
| 1
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Bishorjit Singh]]
| |1||0||'''1'''
|-
| 12
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Rakshit Dagar]]
| |1||0||'''1'''
|-
|}

===Disciplinary record===
{{updated|match played 21 April 2025}}

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan="2"| No.
!rowspan="2"| Pos.
!rowspan="2"| Name
!colspan="2" width=120| I League
!colspan="2" width=120| Super Cup
!colspan="2" width=120| Total
|-
!{{yel}} !! {{sent off}} !! {{yel}} !! {{sent off}} !! {{yel}} !! {{sent off}}
|-
|1
|GK
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bishorjit Singh]]
|1
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|2
|DF
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Salam Ranjan Singh]]
|2
|1
|0
|0
|2
|1
|-
|4
|DF
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Athul Unnikrishnan]]
|2
|0
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
|5
|DF
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nidhin Krishna]]
|4
|0
|0
|0
|4
|0
|-
|5
|MF
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} Abhijith Kurunodan
|2
|0
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
|9
|FW
|align="left"| {{flagicon|MLI}} [[Adama Niane (footballer)|Adama Niane]]
|3
|0
|0
|0
|3
|0
|-
|10
|MF
|align="left"| {{flagicon|URU}} [[Martín Cháves]]
|5
|0
|1
|0
|6
|0
|-
|11
|FW
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[R Ramdinthara|Tharpuia]]
|2
|0
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
|15
|FW
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Suhair Vadakkepeedika|VP Suhair]]
|2
|0
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
|17
|FW
|align="left"| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Nacho Abeledo]]
|4
|0
|0
|0
|4
|0
|-
|18
|DF
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Laishram Johnson]]
|1
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|21
|FW
|align="left"| {{flagicon|LES}} [[Thabiso Brown]]
|1
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|24
|FW
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ranjeet Pandre]]
|1
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|27
|DF
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sebastian Thangmuansang]]
|4
|0
|0
|0
|4
|0
|-
|28
|MF
|align="left"| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Sergio Llamas]]
|5
|0
|0
|0
|5
|0
|-
|30
|DF
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bibin Ajayan]]
|2
|0
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
|42
|GK
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shibinraj Kunniyil]]
|1
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|66
|DF
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mashoor Shereef]]
|5
|1
|0
|0
|5
|1
|-
|99
|MF
|align="left"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rahul Raju]]
|3
|0
|0
|0
|3
|0
|-
|
|
|align="left"| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[:es:Antonio Jesús Rueda Fernández|Antonio Rueda]]
|2
|0
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Gokulam Kerala FC}}
{{2024–25 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2024-25 Gokulam Kerala F.C. season}}
[[Category:2024–25 I-League by team]]
[[Category:Gokulam Kerala FC seasons]]
[[Category:2024–25 in Indian football]]

Sunil Pal

2026-02-28T06:39:32Z

Rishank124:

{{Short description|Indian actor and comedian (b. 1975)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sunil Pal
| image = File:Sunil Pal in 2016 (cropped).jpg
| alt = Pal in 2016
| caption = Pal in 2016
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1975|05|2}}
| birth_place = [[MURSA,GHUGUS]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| death_date = 
| other_names =
| known_for = Stage comedy
| occupation = Comedian, Actor, Voice actor
| website = {{url|https://sunilpalcomedian.com/}}
}}

'''Sunil Pal''' (born 2 May 1975) is an Indian comedian,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-21|title=Bharti Singh की Drugs Case में गिरफ्तारी पर बोले Comedian Sunil Pal और Raju Srivastava|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/video/comedian-sunil-pal-and-raju-srivastava-latest-reaction-on-bharti-singhs-arrest-over-drug-charges/790718|access-date=2021-01-30|website=Zee News Hindi|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128083433/https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/video/comedian-sunil-pal-and-raju-srivastava-latest-reaction-on-bharti-singhs-arrest-over-drug-charges/790718|url-status=live}}</ref> [[actor]] and voice actor. He has played comic roles in various [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sunil Pal gets candid about his upcoming film 'Lockdown To Unlock' {{!}} Hindi Movie News - Bollywood - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/sunil-pal-gets-candid-about-his-upcoming-film-lockdown-to-unlock/videoshow/80365269.cms|access-date=2021-01-30|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en|archive-date=5 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305172917/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/sunil-pal-gets-candid-about-his-upcoming-film-lockdown-to-unlock/videoshow/80365269.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2010, he wrote and directed a comedy film, ''Bhavnao Ko Samjho'', which featured 51 stand-up comedians including Siraj Khan, [[Johnny Lever]], [[Raju Srivastav]], [[Kapil Sharma (comedian)|Kapil Sharma]], [[Navin Prabhakar]], [[Ahsaan Qureshi]], and [[Sudesh Lehri]].

== Early life ==
Sunil Pal was born in 1975 into a middle class [[Marathi people|Marathi]] speaking family in [[Maharashtra]]. His father was an employee for the [[Indian Railways]]. He studied in Janata Vidyalaya city branch school, Balharshah. He came to Mumbai in 1995 when his father got transferred. He joined the Junior College. There he used to mimic his professors and famous actors. After college, he struggled for three years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comedian Sunil Pal trapped by calling doctors as demons and impostors, FIR lodged - Oneindia|url=https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/mumbai/comedian-sunil-pal-trapped-by-calling-doctors-as-demons-and-impostors-fir-lodged-616491.html|access-date=2021-05-06|website=hindi.oneindia.com|date=6 May 2021 |language=hi|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507122254/https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/mumbai/comedian-sunil-pal-trapped-by-calling-doctors-as-demons-and-impostors-fir-lodged-616491.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Career==
=== Early career ===
During one of his interviews, Pal said "I was working at a tea stall in Santacruz as waiter. Those days I'd sleep on the footpath and I used to use the telephones of a nearby shop to keep in touch with my contacts in film industry."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://chatinterviews.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1261018.cms |title=''IndiaTimes'' interview with Sunil |access-date=2 June 2008 |archive-date=7 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707145326/http://chatinterviews.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1261018.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Films ===
Pal's first major Hindi film, ''[[Bombay to Goa (2007 film)|Bombay to Goa]]'' released in 2007, although he has played small roles in ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]'' (2004) and ''[[Phir Hera Pheri]]'' (2006). He has also worked in ''[[Apna Sapna Money Money]]'' and he has produced, written, and directed a film called ''[[Bhavnao ko Samjho]]''. The film is in the [[Guinness Book of World Records]] for a record 51 stand-up comedians acting in a single film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-professional-stand-up-comedians-in-a-feature-film|title=Most professional stand-up comedians in a feature film|website=Guinness World Records|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-11-16|archive-date=17 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117045657/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-professional-stand-up-comedians-in-a-feature-film|url-status=live}}</ref>

== 2024 Kidnapping ==
Pal was kidnapped and held hostage on 2 December 2024. He was abducted, when he was on the way to an event in [[Haridwar]], where he was invited by the kidnappers in the pretext of live performance. The kidnappers reportedly asked for a ransom of {{INR}}20 [[lakh]] and released him after twenty four hours on the Delhi-Meerut road with ₹20,000 to return home.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunil Pal Reveals What Happened When He Was "Kidnapped": "They Demanded Rs 20 Lakh" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sunil-pal-says-kidnappers-demanded-rs-20-lakh-7179327 |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

The case took a new turn when two [[audio recordings]] surfaced, suggesting the incident may have been a publicity stunt.

In the first audio, an unidentified person tells Pal that they have acted on his instructions, while Pal insists he did not file a complaint and claims media pressure forced him to respond. In the second audio, Pal states that he was threatened by his alleged kidnappers, who possess personal details about him and his family.

Pal's wife reported to the police, asserting that the audio were edited.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunil Pal kidnapping: अपहरण मामले में पुलिस जल्द कर सकती है खुलासा, मेरठ के थाने पहुंची सुनील पाल की पत्नी |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut/actor-sunil-pal-kidnapping-case-new-revelation-shocking-wife-reports-in-meerut-police-station-2024-12-11 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

Police identified two main accused nams named Lavi Pal and Arjun Karnwal for kidnapping Sunil Pal and a similar kidnapping case of comedian [[Mushtaq Khan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=UP: अभिनेता सुनील और मुश्ताक के अपहरण केस में नया खुलासा; बदमाशों ने ऐसे लिखी थी किडनैपिंग की हैरतअंगेज पटकथा |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/uttar-pradesh/meerut/actors-sunil-pal-and-mushtaq-khan-kidnapping-case-new-revelation-shocking-script-of-kidnapping-was-written-2024-12-11 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mushtaq Khan: मुश्ताक अपहरण केस में नया खुलासा, मंडप में भी ठहराया; अभिनेता के फोन से इस शहर में की थी खरीदारी |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/uttar-pradesh/meerut/actor-mushtaq-khan-kidnapping-case-new-reveal-shopping-was-in-muzaffarnagar-khatauli-from-actor-phone-2024-12-12 |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

On 14 December 2024, [[Uttar Pradesh Police]] arrested Arjun, he was shot and injured the next day during an encounter with police in Meerut. Police recovered an [[SUV]] along with ₹2.25 lakh cash and a mobile phone used in the crime from the accused.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cops Reveal Why Kidnappers Did Not Go After Actor Shakti Kapoor |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/actor-mushtaq-khans-kidnappers-also-planned-to-take-shakti-kapoor-hostage-cops-7257503 |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

On the night of 22-23 December, Police arrested the main accused Lavi Pal, for the kidnapping of Mushtaq Khan and Sunil Pal after an encounter in Bijnor. A total of seven arrests were made in the case.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-23 |title=Main accused in Sunil Pal, Welcome actor's kidnapping arrested in UP encounter |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/actor-mushtaq-khan-kidnap-attack-mastermind-arrest-up-police-bijnor-encounter-2654030-2024-12-23 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Films !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]''{{cn|date=March 2024}} || ||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Phir Hera Pheri]]'' || Munna Bhai's sidekick ||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Apna Sapna Money Money]]'' || Matha Prasad's assistant ||
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Bombay to Goa (2007 film)|Bombay to Goa]]'' || Lal Singh ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Krazzy 4]]'' || Taxi Yadav ||
|-
| 2010 || ''Bhavnao Ko Samjho'' || Sunderlal Yadav || also director<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/will-they-end-up-like-a-joke/story-2saeVdQklNHTNRtDBPV2uI.html | title=Will they end up like a joke? | date=17 January 2010 | access-date=27 September 2022 | archive-date=27 September 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927223219/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/will-they-end-up-like-a-joke/story-2saeVdQklNHTNRtDBPV2uI.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]'' || ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Money Back Guarantee (2014 film)|Money Back Guarantee]]'' || || also director
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Sasu Cha Swayamwar (Marathi Movie)|Sasu Cha Swayamwar]]'' || Baji || Marathi film
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Main Hoon Rajinikanth]]'' || Arvind Mukherji The Khaas Aadmi ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Dirty Politics (film)|Dirty Politics]]'' || Nathu Lal ||
|-
|2016
|''Alya Have Shu?''
|
|Gujarati film
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Teri Bhabhi Hai Pagle]]'' || ||
|-
| 2022 || ''Gaali Galoj'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hindi Comedy Film Gaali Galoj : गाली गलौज कॉमेडियन सुनील पाल द्वारा निर्देशित गाली गलोज का ट्रेलर लॉन्च |url=https://www.timesofmalwa.in/2022/10/hindi-comedy-film-gaali-galoj.html |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=Hindi News Times Of Malwa |language=en}}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Serial !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2005 || ''[[The Great Indian Laughter Challenge#Season I 2005|The Great Indian Laughter Challenge - I]]'' || Contestant (Winner) ||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[The Great Indian Comedy Show]]'' || Host/presenter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/20060529-indian-television-industry-primly-focus-on-comedy-shows-785294-2006-05-28|title=Comedy, once a fringe player, is now a prime-time staple on TV|website=India Today|date=29 May 2006 |access-date=15 December 2022|archive-date=15 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215182000/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/20060529-indian-television-industry-primly-focus-on-comedy-shows-785294-2006-05-28|url-status=live}}</ref>
||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Comedy Champions]]'' || Contestant ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Comedy Circus Ke SuperStars]]'' || Contestant || with [[Priya Marathe]]
|}

===Radio===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Show
! Role
|-
| 2007
| ''Dhamaal with Sunil Pal''
| Co-host<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070216/ttlife1.htm|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - The Tribune Lifestyle|website=www.tribuneindia.com|access-date=15 December 2022|archive-date=25 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925142658/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070216/ttlife1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{BH person}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pal, Sunil}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Wardha district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male voice actors]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Indian stand-up comedians]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:1975 births]]

Ministers' Hill Baptist Higher Secondary School

2026-02-22T19:45:48Z

Rishank124: further fix intro for accuracy and corrected details

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Ministers' Hill Baptist Higher Secondary School
| image = CoA of MHBHSS Kohima.png
| image_size = 150px
| motto = ''Love, Truth, Knowledge'' Aim For Perfection
| established = {{start date and age|df=yes|1968|02|20}}
| type =
| schooltype = [[Higher Secondary|Higher Secondary School]]
| affiliation = [[Nagaland Board of School Education|Nagaland Board of School Education (NBSE)]]
| district =
| grades = Kindergarten (A-B) – 12
| dean =
| faculty = 58
| staff =
| enrollment =
| mascot =
| location = [[Old Ministers' Hill Ward]], [[Kohima]], [[Nagaland]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|25.656518|N|94.093194|E|display=inline,title|type:edu}}
| sports =
| colours =
| gender = [[Mixed-sex education|Coeducational]]
| lower_age = 5
| upper_age = 18
| free_label = Houses
| free_text = {{color box|Blue}} (Blue) {{color box|Green}} (Green) {{color box|Red}} (Red) {{color box|Yellow}} (Yellow)
| nickname =
| logo = mhbhss logo.png
| principal = Jongshijiba Ozüküm
| website = {{URL|mhbhss.in}}
| information =
}}
'''Ministers' Hill Baptist Higher Secondary School''' is a [[Baptist]] [[private school]] in [[Kohima]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Nagaland]] providing both high school and higher secondary school education. The school was previously known as ''Ministers' Hill Baptist English School''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://morungexpress.com/ministers-hill-baptist-hss-kohima-attain-50-years|title=Ministers' Hill Baptist HSS Kohima attain 50 years|publisher=[[The Morung Express]]|date=20 April 2018|access-date=21 May 2020}}</ref>

== Campus ==
The school is situated at an altitude of 1,444 metres above sea level on the road leading to [[Kohima Science College|Kohima Science College, Jotsoma]]. It is sandwiched between the locality of [[Old Ministers' Hill Ward]] and [[Agri Farm Ward]], Kohima.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiastudychannel.com/schools/58422-Ministers-Hill-Baptist-Higher-Secondary-School-Kohima.aspx|title=Ministers' Hill Baptist Higher Secondary School Kohima|publisher=India Study Channel}}</ref>

== History ==
Ministers' Hill Baptist English School was established on 20 February 1968 and is sponsored by the [[Ministers' Hill Baptist Church]].

The records of the school go back to more than three decades when the school was taken over by the church under the pastorship of [[Neiliezhü Üsou|Rev. Dr. Neiliezhü Üsou]] on 16 December 1981.

The school was upgraded to Higher Secondary in 1998 and named as Ministers' Hill Baptist Higher Secondary School with its first batch appearing for the HSSLC Examination in 2001 and it continues to be the centre of the HSLC/HSSLC Examinations since 1998.

== Curriculum ==
Over the years the school is renowned for its excellent results both in HSLC and HSSLC Examinations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/twin-sisters-top-in-hsslc-exams/|title=Twin sisters top in HSSLC Exams|website=[[Eastern Mirror]]|date=12 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/nagaland-hslc-results-2017-declared-on-nbsenagaland-com-1394587.html|title=Nagaland HSLC results 2017 declared on nbsenagaland.com|date=8 May 2017|website=[[News18 India|News18]]}}</ref>

The school provides [[fine Arts|Arts stream]] courses for the Higher Secondary section.

[[Music]], [[Bookkeeping|Book Keeping & Accountancy]] and [[Indian Institutes of Technology|IIT]] classes are optional subjects conducted for grades 9 and 10. [[Angami language|Tenyidie]] is also an optional subject starting from grade 7. The school is affiliated to the [[Nagaland Board of School Education]] (NBSE).

== Extra-curricular activities ==
Members of the four houses - Blue/Green/Red/Yellow explore the important events in the form of weekly notice board maintenance and enrichment activities in a variety of ways. Staff and students participate in Charity works on various important occasions.

Annual sports are conducted with different sport activities held in competition. The school also participates in inter-school sports events.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nagalandpost.com/ChannelNews/Sports/SportsNews.aspx?news=TkVXUzEwMDExNzMyOA%3D%3D|title=Ministers' Hill Baptist HSS thrash TMGHSS|newspaper=[[Nagaland Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/mount-sinai-ministers-hill-baptist-hss-in-last-eight/|title=Mount Sinai and Ministers' Hill Baptist HSS in last eight|newspaper=[[Eastern Mirror]]|date=30 June 2017}}</ref>

The school has been declared as a TOBACCO FREE SCHOOL on 14 September 2016 by the District Tobacco Control Cell, Kohima.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://morungexpress.com/sensitization-harmful-effects-tobacco-held-kohima/|title=Sensitization harmful effects tobacco held in Kohima|newspaper=[[The Morung Express]]|date=}}</ref>

== Notable alumni ==
* [[Salhoutuonuo Kruse]], the first woman to be elected to the [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Macnivil]], rapper and songwriter
* [[Mengu Suokhrie]], actress and singer

== See also ==
* [[List of higher education and academic institutions in Kohima]]
* [[List of schools in Nagaland]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Ministers' Hill Baptist Higher Secondary School}}

* [http://www.mhbhss.in/ Ministers' Hill Baptist Higher Secondary School] Official Website

[[Category:Education in Kohima]]
[[Category:Education in Nagaland]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Nagaland]]
[[Category:Private schools in Nagaland]]
[[Category:Baptist schools in India]]
[[Category:Christian schools in Nagaland]]
[[Category:Kohima district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1968]]
[[Category:1968 establishments in Nagaland]]

Carnatic Treaty

2026-02-19T00:02:45Z

Rishank124: small update section as per guidelines and updated info

{{Short description|1801 treaty between Arcot and Great Britain}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
[[File:Major-General the Hon. Arthur Wellesley being received in durbar at the Chepauk Palace Madras by Azim al-Daula Nawab of the Carnatic 18th February 1805.jpg|thumb|Nawab [[Azim-ud-Daula]] and Major-General [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]] sign the Carnatic Treaty at [[Chepauk Palace]].

]]
The '''Carnatic Treaty''' was signed on 26 July 1801.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rajayyan |first1=K. |title=British Annexation of the Carnatic, 1801 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=1970 |volume=32 |pages=54–62 |jstor=44138505 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44138505 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> It is a treaty between the [[Nawab]] of [[Arcot State|Arcot]] and the [[East India Company]]. It is one of the treaties by which the [[British Empire]] acquired its rule over the [[Indian subcontinent]] or [[British India|later known as British India]]. The treaty entailed that the Nawab was to cede the districts of North Arcot, South Arcot, Tiruchirappalli, Madurai and Tirunelveli to the company, and transfer all the administrative powers to it.<ref name=JM1>{{cite book|title=The Political History of India, from 1784 to 1823, Volume 1 |author=John Malcolm |date= 1826|page=1}}</ref>

== Background ==

The treaty resulted in the liquidation of all the local chieftains of Tamil Nadu and the East India Company assumed direct control over Tamil Nadu. The Palayakkarar system came to an end as they had to demolish all forts and disband their armies. It resulted in the company having full command over the region.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rajayyan |first1=K. |title=British Annexation of the Carnatic, 1801 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=1970 |volume=32 |pages=54–62 |jstor=44138505 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44138505 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Importance of the Treaty of 1801 – Social Science |url=https://www.shaalaa.com/question-bank-solutions/point-out-the-importance-of-the-treaty-of-1801-palayakkarars-revolt-1755-1801_183569 |website=shaalaa.com |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Consequences ==
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = {{visible anchor|East India Company and the Nabobs of the Carnatic Act 1806}}
| type = Act
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title = An Act for enabling the Commissioners acting in Execution of an Agreement made between the East India Company and the private Creditors of the Nabobs of the Carnatic, the better to carry the same into Effect.
| year = 1806
| citation = [[46 Geo. 3]]. c. cxxxiii
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent =
| royal_assent = 21 July 1806
| commencement =
| expiry_date =
| repeal_date =
| amends =
| replaces =
| amendments =
| repealing_legislation = [[Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2008]]
| related_legislation =
| status = repealed
| legislation_history =
| theyworkforyou =
| millbankhansard =
| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Geo3/46/133/pdfs/ukla_18060133_en.pdf
| revised_text =
| use_new_UK-LEG =
| UK-LEG_title =
| collapsed = yes
}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = {{visible anchor|East India Company and the Nabobs of the Carnatic Act 1810}}
| type = Act
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title = An Act to continue until the Twenty fifth Day of March One thousand eight hundred and thirteen, the Powers of the Commissioners appointed in pursuance of an Act of the Forty sixth Year of His present Majesty, for enabling the Commissioners acting in pursuance of an Agreement between the East India Company and the private Creditors of the Nabobs of the Carnatic, the better to carry the same into Effect.
| year = 1810
| citation = [[50 Geo. 3]]. c. cciii
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent =
| royal_assent = 15 June 1810
| commencement =
| expiry_date =
| repeal_date =
| amends = {{ubli|East India Company and the Nabobs of the Carnatic Act 1806}}
| replaces =
| amendments =
| repealing_legislation = [[Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2008]]
| related_legislation =
| status = repealed
| legislation_history =
| theyworkforyou =
| millbankhansard =
| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Geo3/50/203/pdfs/ukla_18100203_en.pdf
| revised_text =
| use_new_UK-LEG =
| UK-LEG_title =
| collapsed = yes
}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = {{visible anchor|East India Company and the Nabobs of the Carnatic Act 1812}}
| type = Act
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title = An Act for further continuing until the First Day of August One thousand eight hundred and sixteen, and from thence until the End of the then next Session of Parliament, the Powers of the Commissioners appointed in pursuance of an Act of the Forty sixth Year of His present Majesty, for enabling the Commissioners acting in pursuance of an Agreement between the East India Company and the private Creditors of the Nabobs of the Carnatic, to carry the same into Effect.
| year = 1812
| citation = [[52 Geo. 3]]. c. clxxxviii
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent =
| royal_assent = 9 July 1812
| commencement =
| expiry_date =
| repeal_date =
| amends = {{ubli|East India Company and the Nabobs of the Carnatic Act 1806}}
| replaces =
| amendments =
| repealing_legislation = [[Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2008]]
| related_legislation =
| status = repealed
| legislation_history =
| theyworkforyou =
| millbankhansard =
| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Geo3/52/188/pdfs/ukla_18120188_en.pdf
| revised_text =
| use_new_UK-LEG =
| UK-LEG_title =
| collapsed = yes
}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = {{visible anchor|East India Company and the Nabobs of the Carnatic Act 1817}}
| type = Act
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title = An Act for further continuing, until the First Day of August One thousand eight hundred and eighteen, and from thence to the End of the then next Session of Parliament, the Powers given by an Act of the Forty sixth Year of His present Majesty, for enabling the Commissioners acting in Execution of an Agreement made between the East India Company and the private Creditors of the Nabobs of the Carnatic, the better to carry the same into Effect.
| year = 1817
| citation = [[57 Geo. 3]]. c. viii
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent =
| royal_assent = 17 March 1817
| commencement =
| expiry_date =
| repeal_date =
| amends = {{ubli|East India Company and the Nabobs of the Carnatic Act 1806}}
| replaces =
| amendments =
| repealing_legislation = [[Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2008]]
| related_legislation =
| status = repealed
| legislation_history =
| theyworkforyou =
| millbankhansard =
| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Geo3/57/8/pdfs/ukla_18170008_en.pdf
| revised_text =
| use_new_UK-LEG =
| UK-LEG_title =
| collapsed = yes
}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = {{visible anchor|East India Company and the Nabobs of the Carnatic Act 1819}}
| type = Act
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title = An Act for further continuing, until the First Day of August One thousand eight hundred and twenty one, and from thence to the End of the then next Session of Parliament, the Powers granted by an Act of the Forty sixth Year of His present Majesty, for enabling the Commissioners acting in execution of an Agreement made between the East India Company and the private Creditors of the Nabobs of the Carnatic, the better to carry the same into effect.
| year = 1819
| citation = [[59 Geo. 3]]. c. xxvi
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent =
| royal_assent = 19 May 1819
| commencement =
| expiry_date =
| repeal_date =
| amends = {{ubli|East India Company and the Nabobs of the Carnatic Act 1806}}
| replaces =
| amendments =
| repealing_legislation = [[Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2008]]
| related_legislation =
| status = repealed
| legislation_history =
| theyworkforyou =
| millbankhansard =
| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Geo3/59/26/pdfs/ukla_18190026_en.pdf
| revised_text =
| use_new_UK-LEG =
| UK-LEG_title =
| collapsed = yes
}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = {{visible anchor|East India Company and the Nabobs of the Carnatic Act 1822}}
| type = Act
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title = An Act for further continuing, until the First Day of August One thousand eight hundred and twenty five, and from thence to the End of the then next Session of Parliament, the Powers granted by an Act of the Forty sixth Year of His late Majesty, for enabling the Commissioners acting in Execution of an Agreement made between the East India Company and the private Creditors of the Nabobs of the Carnatic, the better to carry the same into effect.
| year = 1822
| citation = [[3 Geo. 4]]. c. xviii
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent =
| royal_assent = 15 May 1822
| commencement =
| expiry_date = 31 May 1826
| repeal_date =
| amends = {{ubli|East India Company and the Nabobs of the Carnatic Act 1806}}
| replaces =
| amendments =
| repealing_legislation = [[Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2008]]
| related_legislation =
| status = repealed
| legislation_history =
| theyworkforyou =
| millbankhansard =
| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Geo4/3/18/pdfs/ukla_18220018_en.pdf
| revised_text =
| use_new_UK-LEG =
| UK-LEG_title =
| collapsed = yes
}}
Based on the terms of the treaty, the [[Nawab of the Carnatic|Nawab of Arcot]] (sometimes called the Nawab of the Carnatic) ceded all his lands to [[British rule]], including the territory of the [[polygar]]s. He was retained one-fifth of the revenues of the country, amounting to 12 lakhs p.a in exchange.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Commons |first1=Great Britain Parliament House of |title=Parliamentary Papers |date=1861 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |page=57 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mdYSAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA4-PA36 |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Carnatic Wars]]
* [[Treaty of Pondicherry]]
* [[Treaty of Seringapatam]]

== Literature ==
* {{cite book|title=The Political History of India, from 1784 to 1823, Volume 1 |author=John Malcolm |date= 1826}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.tamilnation.org/heritage/kattabomman.htm Tamilnation.org]

[[Category:Treaties of the British East India Company]]
[[Category:1801 in British India]]
[[Category:1801 treaties]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Nawab of the Carnatic]]
[[Category:July 1801]]

{{India-hist-stub}}
{{UK-hist-stub}}
{{Treaty-stub}}

Limbda

2026-02-13T21:06:15Z

Rishank124: cleanup

{{Short description|Indian aristocratic estate}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Multiple issues|{{More citations needed|date=January 2017}}
{{More footnotes|date=January 2017}}}}
{{princely states topics}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name = લીમડા (હનુભાના)
|conventional_long_name =Limda (Hanubha na) Limbda
|common_name =Limda
|nation = [[British India]]
|subdivision =[[Princely State]]
|era =
|year_start = 1780
|date_start =
|event_start=
|year_end = 1948
|date_end =
|event_end= [[Independence of India]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =
|s1 = [[Saurashtra State]]
|flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 =
|image_flag =
|image_coat = Coat_of_Arms_of_Limda_State.jpeg
|image_map = Kathiawar map.jpg
|image_map_caption =Map of the four prants of Kathiawar, 1855
|stat_area1 = 20
|stat_year1 = 1,901
|stat_pop1 = 2194
|today = [[Bhavnagar]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
}}
'''Limda''' or Hanubha na Limda, literally Hanubha's Limda, is a former [[Rajput]] [[Taluqdar|talukdari]] in [[Gohelwar|Gohilwar]] prant of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] peninsula in the Indian state of [[Gujarat]]. It was held by the [[Gahlot|Gohil]] [[Rajputs]] clan. Its pre-Independence ruler held the title of Darbar Saheb.

In 1901, it comprised a town and four more villages, with a combined population of 2,194, yielding 28,000 Rupees revenue (1903-4, mostly from land).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_171.gif |title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 15, page 165 - Imperial Gazetteer of India - Digital South Asia Library |website=Dsal.uchicago.edu |date=2013-02-18 |access-date=2017-01-17 |archive-date=30 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430024342/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_171.gif |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==History==
The talukdari in [[Gohilwar]] ''[[prant]]'' was established by Hanubha Gohil, third son of Lakhaji II Jijibawa, 16th Thakor Saheb of [[Lathi State|Lathi]]. Hanubha and his brothers Fatehsinh and Ajabha were given the estate of Ingorala after Lakhajiraj's death. They wrested control of Limda and neighboring villages from their [[Kathi people|Kathi]] rulers, thus expanding control over five villages. Their descendants held estates there until the abolition of ''[[Jagir|jagirs]]'' by The Bombay Merged Territories and Areas (Jagirs Abolition) Act of 1953.

The last ruler of Limda Darbar was Saheb Shri Ranjitsinhji Bhavsinhji Gohil who played an active role in the liberation of [[Junagadh]] from [[Nawab]] during the Arz-I-Hukumat movement. He was a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (1967) from [[Gadhada assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.shaktisinhgohil.com/contact/|title=C.V.}}</ref>

==Rulers==

The family were members of the Gohil Dynasty of [[Rajput]]s.

==Notables==

*Gohil Hanubha was the first holder of the Limda estate. He was martyred on the battlefield fighting against Kathi forces and is worshipped as a local deity. The seat of the estate is known as Limda hanubha na literally means Hanubha's Limda.
*Gohil Fatehsinhji was Hanubha’s younger brother and first talukdar of Limda. He was martyred on the battlefield fighting against Kathi forces and is worshipped as a local deity.
*Gohil Ranjitsinhji was the last talukdar of Limbda and an Independence activist who played an important role in the arz-I-Hukumat movement that led to Junagadh’s liberation. He was also an [[member of legislative assembly|MLA]] representing [[Gadhada assembly constituency]] in 1967. Umrala Rajput Samaj dedicated the local community hall to him, naming it ‘Ranjeetsinhji Gohil Limda Bapu Bhavan’.
*[[Shaktisinh Gohil]] is an Indian Politician serving as [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]. He is General secretary of [[All India Congress Committee]], party in-charge for state of [[Bihar]] and National spokesman of [[Indian National Congress]]. He has been elected to [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] five times and served as Minister in Gujarat Cabinet during two consecutive Congress governments from 1990 to 1995. He was Leader of Opposition in Gujarat Legislative Assembly from 2007 to 2012.

==See also==
* [[Lathi State]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_171.gif Imperial Gazetteer, on DSAL.UChicago.edu - Kathiawar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430024342/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_171.gif |date=30 April 2021 }}

Sapna Sappu

2026-02-11T07:09:35Z

Rishank124: updated page

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sapna Sappu
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Zarina Sheikh
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1980|5|1|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Nashik]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| occupation = [[Actress]], [[dancer]], [[model (people)|model]]
| children = 1
| parents =
| relatives =
| website =
| spouse = {{marriage|Rajesh Goyal|2013|2018}}<ref name="cg" />
| imagesize =
| yearsactive = 1998 – present
}}

'''Sapna Sappu'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.instagram.com/sapnasappuofficial |title=Official profile name |date=13 March 2019 |publisher=[[Instagram]] |access-date=13 March 2019}}{{Primary source inline|date=March 2022}}</ref> (born '''Zarina Sheikh''') is an Indian actress, producer and director who worked predominantly in Hindi Indian films.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/kanti-shah-returns-this-time-with-sheena |title=Bollywood All Set To Steal Sheena's Thunder |date=14 September 2015 |publisher=TheQuint |access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref> She entered the film industry in the movie ''[[Gunda (1998 film)|Gunda]]'', which was directed by [[Kanti Shah]] and she was given a role as [[Mithun Chakraborty]]'s sister.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/mithun-chakraborty-kanti-shah-gunda-bollywood |title=DeQoded: The Cult of 'Gunda' on Mithun Chakraborty's Birthday |date=16 June 2017 |publisher=TheQuint |access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-06 |title=Sapna Sappu becomes server crasher on OTT's |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/Bouncing-back-from-the-edges-of-suicide-thoughts-Sapna-Sappu-has-become-server-crasher-on-OTTs-23027283 |access-date=2022-07-25 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> In a career spanning over 20 years, she appeared in over 250 films in Hindi, Bhojpuri and Gujarati languages. In 2020 Sapna Sappu returned in the hit Adult TV series ''Aap Kee Sapna Bhabhi''.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}

== Early life ==
Sappu was born on 1 May 1980 as Zarina Sheikh in a Muslim Family in [[Nasik]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nari.punjabkesari.in/nari/news/sapna-sappu-in-bigg-boss-1255329 |title=कभी खाने के लिए नहीं थे मिथुन की इस एक्ट्रेस के पास पैसे, अब बिग बॉस में मचाने आ रही है धमाल |date=6 October 2020 |publisher=PunjabKesari |access-date=13 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-interview-with-kanti-shah-films-are-not-porn/20120725.htm |title=My films are not porn films |date=25 July 2012 |publisher=Rediff |access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
On 20 July 2013, Sappu married Rajesh Goyal, a businessman from [[Gujarat|Gujarat, India]]. They have one son, Shaurya. After her marriage, Sapna relocated to Gujarat, India, for a few years. After her dispute with her husband, she moved back to Mumbai with her son to pursue a career in cinema again.<ref name=cg>{{Cite web |url=https://connectgujarat.com/bold-indian-film-actress-sapna-alias-sappu-reached-vadodara-with-summons/ |title=Bold Indian film actress Sapna alias Sappu reached Vadodara with summons' |date=12 October 2019 |publisher=Connectgujarat.com |access-date=13 March 2021 }}</ref>

== Selected filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Gunda (1998 film)|Gunda]]'' || Geeta || Hindi
|-
| 1999 || ''Maut'' || || Hindi
|-
| 1999 || ''Tan Aggan'' || || Hindi
|-
| 1999 || ''Sikandar Sadak Ka'' || || Hindi
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Shaitan Tantrik]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Kavita Oh My Love]]'' ||Kavita|| Hindi
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Bhoot Ka Darr]]'' ||Sapna|| Hindi
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Dracula (1999 film)|Dracula]]'' || Sheela || Hindi
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Munnibai]]'' || Heerabai || Hindi
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Khopdi: The Skull]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Khooni Ilaaka: The Prohibited Area]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Khoonkar Darinde]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2000 || ''Kharidaar'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2000 || ''Jai Bhavani'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2000 || ''Heerabai'' || Heerabai || Hindi
|-
| 2000 || ''Ganga Dacait'' || Ganga || Hindi
|-
| 2000 || ''Daku Sultana'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2000 || ''Dakurani Champa Bai'' || Champa Bai || Hindi
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Bhayanak Maut]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Daku Ramkali]]'' || Daku Ramkali|| Hindi
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Daku Ganga Jamuna]]'' || Anitha || Hindi
|-
| 2000 || ''Akhri Dacait'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2000 || ''Raat Ki Baat'' || Raat Rani || Hindi
|-
| 2000 || ''Murdaa'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2000 || ''Meri Jung Kaa Elaan'' || Durga || Hindi
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Bhai Thakur]]'' || Sundari L. Singh || Hindi
|-
| 2001 || ''Zakhmi Sherni'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2001 || ''Shiva Ka Insaaf'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2001 || ''Rakhail No 1'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Rupa Rani Ramkali]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2001 || ''Qatil Chudail'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2001 || ''Main Hoon Qatil Jadugarni'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2001 || ''Main Hoon Beauty Queen'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Junglee Tarzan]]'' || Bela || Hindi
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Junglee Mohabbat]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Heroine No. 1]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Badla Sherni Ka]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Aag Ke Sholay (film)|Aag Ke Sholay]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Censor (2001 film)|Censor]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Jungle Ki Sherni]]'' || Sherni/Daku Ruby || Hindi
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Zindagi Aur Maut]]'' || Rani || Hindi
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Sholabai]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Return of Gadar - Ek Desh Premi]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Prem Tapasya (film)|Prem Tapasya]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Marshal (film)|Marshal]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Jungle Hero]]'' || Nayantara, the dance || Hindi
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Husn Aur Talwar]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Garibon Ka Daata]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2002 || ''Reshma Aur Sultaan'' || Chittu || Hindi
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Duplicate Sholay]]'' || Basanti/Lajwanti || Hindi
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Darwaza (2002 film)|Darwaza]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2003 || ''Shamsan Ghat'' || Soni || Hindi
|-
| 2003 || ''Pyasi Bhootni'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2003 || ''Pyaasi'' || Kamini/Sapna || Hindi
|-
| 2003 || ''Pyaasa Haiwan'' || Kamini || Hindi
|-
| 2003 || ''Prem Sutra'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2003 || ''Meri Ganga Ki Saugandh'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2003 || ''Maut Ke Piche Maut'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2003 || ''Kora Badan'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2003 || ''Jungle Ke Sholay'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2003 || ''Ek Raaz Mere Dil Mein Hai'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2003 || ''Duplicate Jaani Dushman'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Dangerous Night (film)|Dangerous Night]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Bindiya Aur Bandook Part 2]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Raton Ki Raani (The Night Queen)]]'' || Rani a.k.a. Sapna a.k.a. Nisha || Hindi
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Sabse Badi Ganga Ki Saugandh]]'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2004 || ''Khooni'' || Sapna, Shanker's wife|| Hindi
|-
| 2004 || ''Kachhi Kali'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2004 || ''Kaam Milan'' || Sapna || Hindi
|-
| 2004 || ''Kaam Jwala: The Fire'' || Roopa|| Hindi
|-
| 2004 || ''Jungle Ka Sher'' || Ruby/Nagina || Hindi
|-
| 2004 || ''Junglee Sherni'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2004 || ''Ek Raat Shaitaan Ke Saath'' || Anchal || Hindi
|-
| 2004 || ''Ek Na Mard'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2004 || ''Cheekh'' || Sapna/Kamini || Hindi
|-
| 2005 || ''Khalnayak'' || Heroine (uncredited) || Hindi
|-
| 2005 || ''Gumnaam'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2005 || ''Darinda'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2005 || ''Garam'' || Bobby || Hindi
|-
| 2005 || ''Nalaik'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2005 || ''Angoor'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2006 || ''Virana'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2006 || ''No Parking'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2006 || ''Free Entry'' || Bobby || Hindi
|-
| 2014 || ''MMS Kaand'' || || Hindi
|-
| 2015 || ''Sapna Ki Jawani'' || Sapna || Hindi
|-
| 2018 || ''Madam'' || Madam || Hindi
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=0764598}}
* {{Twitter|sapnasappuu}}
* {{Instagram|sapnasappuofficial}}

{{Portal bar|Biography|Bollywood|India}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sapna Sappu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
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[[Category:1980 births]]

Pratap Govindrao Pawar

2026-02-10T02:31:45Z

Rishank124: Made Bio.

{{short description|Indian industrialist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pratap Pawar
| image = File:A delegation of Indian Newspaper Society (INS) called on the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh, in New Delhi. The delegation comprised by the President INS, Mr. Bahubali S. Shah, the Deputy President INS, Mr. Paresh Nath.jpg
| image_caption = Pratap Govindrao Pawar (left) in 2007.
| alt =
| birth_name = Pratap Govindrao Pawar
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Maharashtra, India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| children =
| known_for = Chairman & Managing Director of [[Sakal]] Chairman of [[College of Engineering, Pune]]
| occupation = Industrialist
| alma_mater =
| spouse =
| parents = Govindrao Pawar (father) Sharadabai Pawar (mother)
| relatives = [[Sharad Pawar]] (elder brother) [[Ajit Pawar]] (nephew) [[Supriya Sule]] (niece)
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2014) [[Punya Bhushan]] (2015)
}}

'''Pratap Govindrao Pawar''' is an Indian industrialist, and the chairman and managing director at [[Sakal|Sakal Papers Pvt. Ltd]].<ref>[http://www.4-traders.com/business-leaders/Pratap-Govindrao-Pawar-088G77-E/biography/ Pratap Pawar]</ref> The Government of India awarded him the [[Padma Shri]] in 2014 for his contributions to trade and industry.<ref name=TI1>{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/All-Pawars-not-related-to-NCP-leader/articleshow/12285830.cms | title=All Pawars not related to NCP leader | date=16 March 2012 | first=Rosy | last=Sequeira | newspaper=The Times of India | accessdate=18 December 2018 }}</ref><ref name="President confers 'Punyabhushan' on Pratap Pawar">{{cite web | url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/485953/president-confers-punyabhushan-pratap-pawar.html | title=President confers 'Punyabhushan' on Pratap Pawar | newspaper=Deccan Herald | date=26 June 2015 | accessdate=25 January 2016}}</ref> He is also the chairman of [[College of Engineering Pune]] located in [[Shivajinagar, Pune]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}

==Career==
Pawar is a former president of the Maharashtra Chamber of Commerce, Industries and Agriculture (MCCIA), Pune, the [[Indian Newspaper Society]] and the Indian Language Newspapers Association.<ref name="Pratap Govind Rao Pawar on Bloomberg">{{cite web | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=23643767&privcapId=878366 | title=Pratap Govind Rao Pawar on Bloomberg | publisher=Bloomberg | date=2016 | accessdate=25 January 2016}}</ref> He is a member of the executive committee of the [[World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers]], Paris, and a [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]-nominee at the [[Press Council of India]].<ref name="WAN-IFRA Executive Committee: Pratap Pawar">{{cite web | url=http://www.wan-ifra.org/articles/2011/01/21/wan-ifra-executive-committee-pratap-pawar | title=WAN-IFRA Executive Committee: Pratap Pawar | publisher=World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers | date=2016 | accessdate=26 January 2016}}</ref> He also serves on the director boards of several companies<ref name="Pratap Govind Rao Pawar on Bloomberg" /> and is a recipient of the [[Punyabhushan]] Award.<ref name="President confers 'Punyabhushan' on Pratap Pawar" /> In 2014, the Government of India awarded him the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth-highest civilian honor, for his contributions to trade and industry.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2016 | accessdate=3 January 2016}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Pawar is the younger brother of [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP) leader [[Sharad Pawar]].<ref name=TI1 />

==Awards==
* 2014 - [[Padma Shri]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/list-of-padma-awardees/article5617946.ece |title=List of Padma awardees |date=25 January 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref>
* 2015 - [[Punyabhushan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=122815 |title=President of India presents Punyabhushan Award to Shri Pratap Pawar |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |date=26 June 2015 |accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Trade & Industry}}

{{Portal bar|Biography|India|Journalism}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pawar, Pratap G.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in trade and industry]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Pune]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Political movements in Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)

2026-02-09T01:28:47Z

Rishank124: Made New Entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
Under [[Dogra dynasty|Dogra rule]], people in the [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|princely state of Jammu and Kashmir]] launched several political movements. Despite ideological differences and varying goals they aimed to improve the status of Muslims in a state ruled by a Hindu dynasty.

== Background ==
The princely state of Jammu and Kashmir was created in 1846, through the [[Treaty of Amritsar (1846)|Treaty of Amritsar]], between the British Empire, who had taken the Kashmir Valley, Ladakh and Gilgit Baltistan from the earlier [[History of Kashmir#Sikh rule (1820–1846)|Sikh rule]], and Gulab Singh, a Dogra from [[Jammu Division|Jammu]] who subsequently initiated the [[Dogra dynasty]] which ruled [[Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir]] as a princely state of [[British India]] for the next century. The state had been constituted between 1820 and 1858 and became one of the largest princely states in [[British India]].<ref>[[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)#CITEREFPanikkar.2C Gulab Singh1930|Panikkar, Gulab Singh 1930]], p. 111–125</ref>

The princely state combined disparate regions which were ethnically, culturally and linguistically different to each other. In the south was the Jammu region with a population ethnically related to Punjabis<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Jammu-and-Kashmir|title=Jammu and Kashmir {{!}} Geography, History, & Points of Interest|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-04-18|language=en}}</ref> and comprising a mix of Hindus, (Sunni)<ref>Christopher Snedden (2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=s5KMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA7 ''Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris'']. Oxford University Press. pp. 7–. {{ISBN|978-1-84904-342-7}}.</ref> Muslims and Sikhs. In the center of the state was the Kashmir Valley, whose population was ethnically [[Kashmiris|Kashmiri]] and overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim with a small Hindu Brahmin minority known as ''Pandits'', while in the east was Ladakh whose population was ethnically and culturally Tibetan and practised Buddhism. In the northeast of the state was Baltistan where the people were ethnically related to Ladakhis but practised Shia Islam while in the [[Gilgit Agency]] the population was a mixture of diverse, mostly Shia groups.<ref>Bowers, Paul. 2004. [http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/rp2004/rp04-028.pdf "Kashmir." Research Paper 4/28] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326182755/http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/rp2004/rp04-028.pdf |date=2009-03-26 }}, International Affairs and Defence, House of Commons Library, United Kingdom.</ref>

The princely rule was an overwhelming Hindu state.<ref name=":0">[[Kashmir conflict#%7B%7Bsfnref%7CMridu Rai, Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects%7C2004%7D%7D|Mridu Rai, Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects 2004]].</ref> Under the Hindu rule, Muslims were subject to heavy taxation, institutionalized discrimination and forced labor without wages.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180619232553/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e181?_hi=3&_pos=46 ''Kashmir'']. OUP</ref> A Hindu elite ruled over a vast, impoverished and exploited Muslim peasantry who were deprived of organised political representation until the 1930s.<ref>[[Kashmir#CITEREFTalbotSingh2009|Talbot & Singh 2009]], p. 54</ref> A significant number of Muslims from Kashmir Valley migrated to the Punjab province of British India due to such conditions in the princely state.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=reiwAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA236|title=Transforming India|author=Sumantra Bose|date=16 September 2013|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-72819-6|pages=236–}}</ref>

== Pre-1931 developments ==
Kashmir's native Hindu [[Kashmiri Pandit|Pandits]] dominated the revenue department which collected taxes from Muslim cultivators.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzMx5mPJckkC&pg=PA154|title=Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir|author=Mridu Rai|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|year=2004|isbn=978-1-85065-701-9|pages=154–}}</ref> Due to their dominance in the revenue department, the Pandit community came to hold large landholdings. Despite being a small percentage of the Valley's population, the Pandit community possessed 30 percent of land in the Valley.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2YeGAAAAQBAJ&pg=PP224|title=Transforming India|author=Sumantra Bose|date=16 September 2013|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-72820-2|pages=224–}}</ref> Their authority increased under Maharajah Ranbir Singh, who introduced the chakdari system in 1862 under which there were very easy conditions to grant allotments of uncultivated land.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qTHTI-Eus8kC&pg=PA156|title=Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir|author=Mridu Rai|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|year=2004|isbn=978-1-85065-661-6|pages=156–}}</ref>

=== Shawl Bauf agitation ===
To protest against the Dogra authorities' hefty taxation, Kashmiri shawl weavers went on strike and gathered to protest outside the residence of Raj Kak Dhar, who was the Kashmiri Pandit official in charge of the Shawl Department who misinformed Colonel Bijoy Singh that he was being attacked while weavers were protesting without arms. When the unarmed protesters refused to accept the orders, the troops charged them with spears. Scores of protesters jumped off the Haji Rather Sum Bridge at Zaldgar, in the hope they would hide in the marsh underneath, but at least 28 bodies were recovered from the river, and over 100 sustained wounds.<ref name="Zutshi2004">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dlBjzE-1ML8C&pg=PA84|title=Languages of Belonging: Islam, Regional Identity, and the Making of Kashmir|date=January 2004|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=978-1-85065-694-4|pages=84–|author=Chitralekha Zutshi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/videos/1223-25-on-labour-day-kashmir-remembers-shawl-traders-martyred-in-1865.html|title=On labour day Kashmir remembers shawl traders martyred in 1865|work=Greater Kashmir}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.countercurrents.org/rasool290415.htm|title=The Unsung Heroes Of Kashmir The Labor Revolution in Kashmir (Shawlbaf Movement)|last=Rasool|first=Rayees}}</ref> This incident was followed by the migration of 4000 weavers from the Valley to the Punjab.<ref name="Chowdhary20152">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1e6oCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT20|title=Jammu and Kashmir: Politics of identity and separatism|date=5 October 2015|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-41404-9|pages=20–|author=Rekha Chowdhary}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzMx5mPJckkC&pg=PA62|title=Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir|author=Mridu Rai|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|year=2004|isbn=978-1-85065-701-9|pages=62–}}</ref>

=== Developments in the late 19th century ===
In 1877-1879 the Kashmir Valley witnessed a severe famine, with some authorities estimating the death toll as 60 percent of Kashmir Valley's population.<ref>Rai, Mridu (2004). ''Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir''. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 149. {{ISBN|9781850657019}}. "The death toll from the famine had been overwhelming by any standards. Some authorities had suggested that the population of Srinagar had been reduced by half (from 127,400 to 60,000) while others had estimated a diminution by three-fifths of the population of the entire valley."</ref> The ban on leaving the state was lifted and many Kashmiris subsequently left the Valley and migrated to the [[Punjab (region)|Punjab]]. During the famine, Pandits claimed lands left by Muslim cultivators who had migrated to the Punjab as uncultivated land and took ownership under the chakdari system.<ref name="Rai20042">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qTHTI-Eus8kC&pg=PA157|title=Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir|author=Mridu Rai|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|year=2004|isbn=978-1-85065-661-6|pages=157–}}</ref>

Apprehensive of developments in Afghanistan, the British colonial authorities in 1895 called on the Dogra state to attend to the Muslim population's needs. Colonial authorities had already been thinking in 1884 if the British government had delayed in intervening on behalf of the Muslims.<ref>Rai, Mridu (2004). ''Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir''. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 142–3. {{ISBN|9781850656616}}.</ref>

== 1931 agitation ==
Prior to 1931, Muslims in the state were divided into several groups, each with its own demands. In 1920, the silk factory workers struck work to call for a pay rise. Four years later, they launched an even bigger agitation due to poor working conditions.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1e6oCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT20|title=Jammu and Kashmir: Politics of identity and separatism|author=Rekha Chowdhary|date=5 October 2015|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-41404-9|pages=20–}}</ref> The Reading Room Party from Srinagar endeavored to gain improved education facilities and more administrative work opportunities for Muslims. In Jammu, the Muslim Young Men's League in Jammu involved itself in covert activities geared towards obtaining independence for the state.<ref name=":1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qM6kW9ZRMRkC&pg=PA15|title=Demystifying Kashmir|author1=Behera|author2=Behera Navnita Chadha|publisher=Pearson Education India|year=2007|isbn=978-81-317-0846-0|pages=15–}}</ref> In [https://mcqsbook.com/in-which-year-the-kashmiris-started-their-freedom-movement-against-dogra-rule-before-the-partition-of-the-sub-continent/ 1930],<ref name=":3" /> the Kashmiris started their freedom movement against Dogra rule.

These early activities were not broad in their scope but in July 1931 Kashmir's Muslims launched their first massive protest against the Dogra regime.<ref name=":1" /> Encouraged by the ''[[ulama]]'', Kashmiri Muslims rebelled against what they saw as an unfair Hindu administration.<ref name="Ahmed1998">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=czSm7cmhgA0C&pg=PA140|title=State, Nation and Ethnicity in Contemporary South Asia|author=Ishtiaq Ahmed|publisher=A&C Black|year=1998|isbn=978-1-85567-578-0|pages=140–}}</ref>

On 13 July 1931, several Kashmiri Muslims protesting the arrest of Abdul Qayyum (a non-Kashmiri arrested for encouraging people to rebel against the Dogra rule) were shot dead by police firing. The protests gained momentum after the killings and for the first time communal rioting broke out in the Valley, in which three Hindus were killed. Muslims termed the anti-Dogra movement a 'religious war'.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-2oCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA6|title=Jammu and Kashmir: Politics of Identity and Separatism|author=Rekha Chowdhary|date=5 October 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-41405-6|pages=6–}}</ref> The Maharajah Hari Singh instituted the Glancy Commission to inquire into the Muslim complaints, although this move was vehemently opposed by the Kashmiri Pandits.<ref name="Navnita Chadha Behera 16">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h48nhaNzHxEC&pg=PA16|title=Demystifying Kashmir|author=Navnita Chadha Behera|date=1 May 2007|publisher=Brookings Institution Press|isbn=978-0-8157-0859-9|pages=16–}}</ref>

After this major agitation Hari Singh reluctantly introduced democracy to the state following British intercession.{{sfn|Snedden|2015|p=131}} In what political scientist [[Ishtiaq Ahmed (political scientist)|Ishtiaq Ahmed]] describes as a 'positive' development, the Maharajah allowed his subjects to create political groups.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=czSm7cmhgA0C&pg=PA140|title=State, Nation and Ethnicity in Contemporary South Asia|author=Ishtiaq Ahmed|date=1 January 1998|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-85567-578-0|pages=140–|quote=A positive development was that the Maharaja agreed to permit the formation of political organizations.}}</ref> However, the democratic system was very limited, offering only restricted freedoms, and did not include universal adult franchise with only five percent of state subjects being given the right to vote for a practically powerless ''Praja Sabha'' (People's Assembly).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s5KMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA131|title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris|author=Christopher Snedden|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2015|isbn=978-1-84904-342-7|pages=131}}</ref> Only six percent of Muslims in the state had the right to vote, compared with 25 percent of non-Muslims who did have the right.<ref>Christopher Snedden (2005) Would a plebiscite have resolved the Kashmir dispute?, South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 28:1, 72, DOI:10.1080/00856400500056145</ref>

== Formation of Muslim Conference ==
In 1932 Kashmiri Muslims created their political organisation, the [[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference]]. The organisation commanded the support of Muslims from a range of socio-economic backgrounds. The organisation put forward a range of economic demands which would uplift each constituent class such as landed rights, more openings in the civil service for educated Muslims, improved labour conditions and lower taxation. Demands of religious nature concerning mosques were also put forward.<ref name="Navnita Chadha Behera 16"/> The organisation wished to represent all the state's Muslims in their demands for more rights and both Jammu and the Kashmir Valley contributed to composing the leadership of the party.<ref name="Rekha Chowdhary 7">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-2oCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA7|title=Jammu and Kashmir: Politics of Identity and Separatism|author=Rekha Chowdhary|date=5 October 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-41405-6|pages=7–}}</ref>

== Transformation into National Conference ==
In its earlier stage the Muslim Conference was a party aiming for the political unification of Muslims on the basis of Islamic solidarity.<ref name="Rekha Chowdhary 7"/> According to historian [[Mridu Rai]], the religious aspect of the movement was a reaction to the state exerting its 'Hinduness' and discriminating against Muslims due to their religion.<ref name="Chowdhary20154">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-2oCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8|title=Jammu and Kashmir: Politics of Identity and Separatism|date=5 October 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-41405-6|pages=8–|author=Rekha Chowdhary}}</ref>

However, [[Maulana Sayeed Masoodi]], [[Bakshi Ghulam Muhammad]] and [[Sheikh Abdullah]] desired that the Muslim movement be converted turn into a secular struggle for the political and economic upliftment of all the state's residents.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h48nhaNzHxEC&pg=PA17|title=Demystifying Kashmir|author=Navnita Chadha Behera|date=1 May 2007|publisher=Brookings Institution Press|isbn=978-0-8157-0859-9|pages=17–}}</ref> Their desire was encouraged by the emergence of secular labor unions such as the Farmer's Union, Government Sericulture, Kashmir Youth League, Silk Labor Union Peasants Association, Students Federation, Telegraph Employees Union and Turpentine Labor Union.<ref name="Navnita Chadha Behera 16–17">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h48nhaNzHxEC&pg=PA17|title=Demystifying Kashmir|author=Navnita Chadha Behera|date=1 May 2007|publisher=Brookings Institution Press|isbn=978-0-8157-0859-9|pages=16–17}}</ref>

In a special session in June 1939 the Muslim Conference was converted into the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|All Jammu and Kashmir National Conference]] to represent all Kashmiris regardless of religion. This move brought the National Conference closer to the [[Indian National Congress]] which also favored a secular and non-communal approach to politics.<ref name="Navnita Chadha Behera 16–17"/> This move towards secularizing the movement was apparently reinforced by the advice of Dr [[Saifuddin Kitchlew]], an eminent member of the [[Kashmiri diaspora]] in the Punjab, to Sheikh Abdullah.<ref name="Hussain2016">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7RwFAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA253|title=Sheikh Abdullah-A Biography: The Crucial Period 1905-1939. 2016 Edition|date=7 March 2016|publisher=Syed Taffazull Hussain|isbn=978-1-60481-603-7|pages=253–|author=Syed Taffazull Hussain}}</ref>

== Split of National Conference ==
Some Muslim Conference leaders, particularly those from Jammu, objected to the National Conference's moves towards secularizing Kashmir's politics.<ref name="Navnita Chadha Behera 19">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h48nhaNzHxEC&pg=PA17|title=Demystifying Kashmir|author=Navnita Chadha Behera|date=1 May 2007|publisher=Brookings Institution Press|isbn=978-0-8157-0859-9|pages=19}}</ref> They accurately suspected that the National Conference would become close to the Indian National Congress.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sumantra Bose|title=Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jdSlPwAACAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Vistaar Publications|isbn=978-81-7829-328-8|pages=20–21}}</ref> [[Mirwaiz Yusuf Shah]]'s Azad Muslim Conference and some breakaway cadres of the Muslim Conference in the districts of Kotli, Mirpur and Poonch created a local branch of the All India Muslim League.<ref name="Navnita Chadha Behera 19"/>

The National Conference continued to struggle internally over the question of the secular approach. Two factions were present within the party. One faction sought to continue the secular approach while another preferred a Muslim identity-based approach.<ref name="Navnita Chadha Behera 19"/> This tension also brought to the fore the ethnic divisions between the Kashmiri Muslims of the Valley and the Jammu region's Muslims, the latter sharing stronger ties to [[Punjabi Muslims]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h48nhaNzHxEC&pg=PA17|title=Demystifying Kashmir|author=Navnita Chadha Behera|date=1 May 2007|publisher=Brookings Institution Press|isbn=978-0-8157-0859-9|pages=107}}</ref>

The Pakistan Resolution gained the backing of Muslim leadership in the districts of Muzaffarabad, Poonch and Mirpur and these leaders finally separated from the National Conference in 1941, reviving the Muslim Conference. Muslim leaders from Poonch, Mirpur and Muzaffarabad districts supported the Pakistan resolution and in 1941 formally broke away and revived the [[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference|Muslim Conference]], with [[Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas]] and Syed Aziz Badshah. The group's objective was the establishment of a Muslim state under Islamic law and although it had little support in the Kashmir Valley, it had large support from Muslims in the districts of Bhaderwah, Jammu, Mirpur, Poonch and Rajouri.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qM6kW9ZRMRkC&pg=PA18|title=Demystifying Kashmir|author1=Behera|author2=Behera Navnita Chadha|publisher=Pearson Education India|year=2007|isbn=978-81-317-0846-0|pages=19–}}</ref>

== Struggle of National Conference ==
The National Conference retained its popularity in the Kashmir Valley and coordinated its struggle closely with that of the [[Indian National Congress]]. Sheikh Abdullah struggled against the authority of the Dogra rule be ended, demanding the cancellation of the Treaty of Amritsar. Sheikh Abdullah related Kashmir's struggle as a "logical extension" of the [[Indian independence movement]]. In 1944 the National Conference adopted a New Kashmir manifesto whereby it extended its demands from Muslim welfare to political and economic restructuring of the state. In the National Conference's annual session in 1945 it espoused a resolution embracing Indian unity, Indian independence and self-determination for India's cultural nationalities.<ref name="Demystifying Kashmir">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qM6kW9ZRMRkC&pg=PA18|title=Demystifying Kashmir|author1=Behera|author2=Behera Navnita Chadha|publisher=Pearson Education India|year=2007|isbn=978-81-317-0846-0|pages=18–}}</ref>

In the Quit Kashmir Movement, the National Conference turned to using demonstrations after the Maharajah Hari Singh moved to forcefully quell the struggle. These demonstrations were met with mass incarcerations and firing. Sheikh Abdullah, Maulana Masoodi and Sardar Budh Singh were tried for inciting agitation against the Dogra authorities. Despite [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s support, the poor organisational planning of the National Conference as well as the Dogra regime's use of force led to the Quit Kashmir movement dwindling.<ref name="Demystifying Kashmir"/>

== Struggles within National Conference ==
Despite the religious and secular factions of the National Conference having formally split earlier, the remaining National Conference was still left in turmoil between its Muslim and Hindu members. The Dogra government used [[divide and rule]] policies; banning all subjects except members of the Dogra Rajput community from holding firearms, and this brought to the fore tensions between Hindu and Muslim members of the National Conference.<ref name="books.google.com">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qM6kW9ZRMRkC&pg=PA18|title=Demystifying Kashmir|author1=Behera|author2=Behera Navnita Chadha|publisher=Pearson Education India|year=2007|isbn=978-81-317-0846-0|pages=21–}}</ref>

The tensions between the Hindu and Muslim members of the National Conference increased when in October 1943, Sheikh Abdullah entered into secret talks with [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] and the Muslim Conference without taking Sardar Budh Singh, the party's president, into confidence. Jinnah's speech in Kashmir in which he encouraged Muslim unity caused deep fissures in the National Conference's memberships. The party did not break again, mainly due to the realisation of the Hindu and Sikh members about its political potential. The National Conference did not agree to Jinnah's proposals that Abdullah accept Abbas' leadership and come under the Muslim League's wing.<ref name="books.google.com"/>

== Activities of Muslim Conference ==
Rejecting the domination of the Hindu minority the Muslim Conference demanded a transfer of power from the Dogra monarchy to themselves. In its 1945 manifesto the Muslim Conference declared in favour of Jinnah and his movement for an independent Muslim homeland, pledging the state's Muslims to the movement.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qM6kW9ZRMRkC&pg=PA18|title=Demystifying Kashmir|author1=Behera|author2=Behera Navnita Chadha|publisher=Pearson Education India|year=2007|isbn=978-81-317-0846-0|pages=20–}}</ref> The organization opposed the Quit Kashmir movement and accused the National Conference of working against Muslim unity and helping Hindu domination in collaboration with the Congress. The Muslim Conference undertook Direct Action, a civil disobedience program. But there was a pause in party activism when the Dogra state arrested most of the Muslim Conference's leadership. Abbas desperately appealed to revive the civil disobedience program while incarcerated, but Chowdhary Hamidullah convinced Jinnah to discard the program.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

== Developments in 1947 ==
Although the main members of both the National Conference and Muslim Conference were imprisoned, the state administration held elections in January 1947 for the state assembly (Praja Sabha). The electorate was limited. The Muslim Conference, under duress at the time, gained victory in 16 of the 21 seats which in the Assembly were reserved for Muslims.<ref name="Snedden2015">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s5KMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris|author=Christopher Snedden|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2015|isbn=978-1-84904-342-7|pages=132–}}</ref> The election had been boycotted by the National Conference, thus allowing a Muslim Conference claim to victory. The National Conference cited the low voter turnout as evidence that their boycott appeal had been heeded. The Muslim Conference's argument was that the boycott call had gone unheeded and that the low turnout of voters was because of snowfall.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kashmir in Conflict|year=2000|url=https://archive.org/details/kashmirconflicti00scho_615|url-access=limited|last1=Schofield|first1=Victoria|publisher=I.B. Tauris|pages=[https://archive.org/details/kashmirconflicti00scho_615/page/n40 24]}}</ref>

The main parties on the state were divided on the question of the state's future after the independence of India and Pakistan. The National Conference mused on the question of joining either of the two countries or seeking independence. Its priority, however, was ending the Maharajah's rule and replacing it with self-government. 17 days before the Maharaja finally acceded to India, Sheikh Abdullah said"Our prime concern at this stage is the emancipation of the four million people living in this State. We can consider the question of joining one or the other Dominion only when we have attained our objective." However, neither Abdullah nor the Maharaja wanted to join Pakistan which would weaken them.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=http://lostkashmirihistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/snedden_untold-story.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420045724/http://lostkashmirihistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/snedden_untold-story.pdf|url-status=usurped|archive-date=20 April 2017|title=The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir|last=Snedden|first=Christopher|publisher=Hurst & Company|location=London|pages=24–25}}</ref>

The Maharajah himself was interested in preserving the state's independence and in this decision he had the support of the Jammu and Kashmir Rajya Hindu Sabha and the Muslim Conference. The Muslim Conference favored the accession of the state to Pakistan but had temporarily adopted a ruse by championing independence for the State and further cautioned Hari Singh from joining India. Acting Muslim Conference President, Chaudhry Hamidullah, claimed that the Muslim Conference still wanted to join Pakistan but would 'sacrifice' this desire to 'allay the fears of Hindu and Sikh minorities in the state'. However, the Muslim Conference quickly dropped this ruse by 22 July and from that date openly demanded the Maharajah to join Pakistan.<ref name=":23">{{Cite book|title=The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir|last=Snedden|first=Christopher|publisher=Hurst & Company|location=London|pages=24–25}}</ref>

The second party supporting the accession of the state to Pakistan was [[Prem Nath Bazaz]]'s Kisan Mazdoor Conference which, according to the Civil Military Gazette, enjoyed popularity in the southern portion of the Kashmir Valley. However, the National Conference was said to be the premier popular party in the Kashmir Valley due to Sheikh Abdullah's popularity for advocating land reforms. Abdullah's secularism is also said to have appealed to the ethnic Kashmiris of the Valley,<ref name=":23"/> while the Muslim Conference enjoyed popularity among Muslims in the Jammu province. But neither parties had a substantial base in the Frontier Districts Province.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a19eCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT158|title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris|author=Christopher Snedden|date=15 September 2015|publisher=Hurst|isbn=978-1-84904-622-0|pages=158–}}</ref> According to Yaqoob Khan Bangash, the population in the Gilgit Agency and surrounding areas disliked the State rule and considered themselves to be ethnically different from Kashmiris and favored merger Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1080/03086530903538269|title = Three Forgotten Accessions: Gilgit, Hunza and Nagar| journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History| volume=38| pages=117–143|year = 2010|last1 = Bangash|first1 = Yaqoob Khan}}</ref>

== Role of Kashmiri diaspora ==
Kashmiri Muslims who had fled the Kashmir Valley to the Punjab maintained emotional and familial links to their homeland and had a feeling they were morally duty bound to struggle for their brethren against the Dogra rule.<ref>Zutshi, Chitralekha (2004). ''Languages of Belonging: Islam, Regional Identity, and the Making of Kashmir''. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 191–192. {{ISBN|9781850656944}}. "Kashmiri Muslim expatriates in the Punjab had retained emotional and familial ties to their soil and felt compelled to raise the banner of freedom for Kashmir and their brethren in the Valley, thus launching bitter critiques of the Dogra administration."</ref> Through the All India Kashmir Muslim Conference, founded in Lahore, the Kashmiri community in Punjab campaigned in support of Kashmiris although the organisation's primary function was to financially assist poor Kashmiri Muslim students seeking education outside the state.<ref name="Rekha Chowdhary 7"/> The Kashmir Muslim Conference provided Kashmiris in Punjab with a platform to complain of the "lack of equal opportunities" for Kashmiris in the Punjab and also to raise grievances concerning the Dogra rule in Kashmir. In its fourth meeting in 1913 in Gujranwala, the Kashmir Muslim Conference demanded that Maharajah Pratap Singh address Muslim grievances. Prominent Kashmiris in Punjab such as [[Muhammad Iqbal]] gave their backing to the cause of Kashmiris through organisations such as ''Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam'' and the ''Anjuman-i-Kashmiri Musalman''.<ref name="Jalal2002">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sa6CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA352|title=Self and Sovereignty: Individual and Community in South Asian Islam Since 1850|author=Ayesha Jalal|date=4 January 2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-59937-0|pages=352–}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Dogra]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)]]
[[Category:Politics of the Kashmir conflict]]

Ashok Lav

2026-02-04T20:48:12Z

Rishank124: Added New Post

{{Short description|Hindi author and poet}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
'''Ashok Lav''' (born 13 April 1947) is a [[Hindi]] author and poet. Lav is the President of the Sarv Bhasha Trust, and the Delhi chapter of the International Hindi Association. He patrons the Age Well Association, and Rashtra Srijan Abhiyan, as well as being the chairman of the Spirituality Forum for Humanity; a spiritual humanitarian leadership group.

Lav has written over 160 academic and literary books, his latest being Nandita Abhinav(Novel-2025),'Ekantvas mein Zindagi' (Laghukatha Sangrah). His academic works are well received, with university students doing PhD and MPhil work surrounding his books -- Shikron Se Aage ( Novel ) and Ladkiyaan Chhoona Chahti Hain [[Aasmaan]] (a collection of poems). Lav has also edited some of his books, along with translating other non-self publications.{{fact|date=June 2023}}
- Nandita Abhinav (Upnyas) published in 2025 was released on 20th July 2025

==Works and honours==
A recipient of numerous awards related to [[Hindi literature]], including the Lifetime Achievement Award by Sarv Bhasha Trust on 20th July 2025, Life Time Achievement Award by General Mohyal Sabha and Sahitya Sabha Kaithal, [[Manav Seva Samman]],{{cn|date=August 2022}} and [[Eklavya award]],{{cn|date=August 2022}} his more well known works include:{{cn|date=August 2022}}

* ''Shikhron Se Aage'' (novel- literally, "Beyond peaks")
* ''Anubhootiyon Kee Aahaten'' (collection of poems, literally, "The approaching footsteps of sensations")
* ''LarhkiyaAn Choonaa ChaAhtee Hain Aasmaan'' (collections of poems- literally, "Girls want to touch the sky")
* ''Phulvaree'' (songs for children- literally, "A garden of flowers")
* ''Band Darvaazon Par Dastaken'' (short stories- literally, "Knocking on locked doors")
* ''Salaam Dilli ''(short stories- literally, "A salute to Delhi")
* ''Pathron Se Bandhe Pankh'' (short stories- literally, "Feathers tied to stones")
* ''Khidkiyon Par Tange Log'' (short stories(ed)-literally,"People Looking from Windows"
*Papa ji kee Rail
*Icecream Ke Badal
*Barse Badal Jhama Jham
*Valmiki Ramayan *Mahabharata *Budhcharit Education.

His book ''Hindi ke Pratinidhi Saahityakaaron Se Saakshaatkaar'', a collection of interviews with writers representative of Hindi literature, was released by the [[Vice President of India]], Dr. [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]] on 9 February 1990.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928154954/http://news.oneindia.in/2006/03/24/hindi-writer-ashok-lav-receives-eklavya-award-1143212757.html Dr. Lav honored with [[Surya Kant Tripathi Samman]], [[Mohyal Gaurav Samman]], [[Eklavya Award]]</ref>

He has been honored with the Life Time Achievement Awards by GMS and BBMI, as well as Vidya Sagar, Vidyavachspati, Kabir Samman, Bhartendu Harishchandra Samman, Mohyal Gaurav and more. About 70 organizations thus far have commended him for his contributions in literary, social and educational fields.{{cn|date=October 2025}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lav, Ashok}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Delhi]]

Revanta Sarabhai

2026-01-18T20:44:15Z

Rishank124: Made New Pg.

{{Short description|Indian dancer (born 1984)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Revanta Sarabhai
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Revanta Sarabhai 02.jpg
| alt = Full size portrait image of Revanta Sarabhai
| caption =
| native_name = રેવંત સારાભાઇ
| native_name_lang = gu
| birth_name = Revanta Sarabhai-Shah
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|9|02|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| other_names =
| education =
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[The University of the Arts]]|[[University of Roehampton]]}}
| occupation = Dancer, actor, choreographer
| years_active = 1999–present
| employer =
| organization = [[Darpana Academy of Performing Arts]]
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| style = [[Bharata Natyam]], [[Contemporary Dance]]
| height =
| television =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
| boards =
| spouse = Priyanka Raja
| children =
| parents = {{ubl|[[Mallika Sarabhai]] (mother)}}
| relatives = [[Vikram Sarabhai]] (grandfather)
[[Mrinalini Sarabhai]] (grandmother)
[[Subhashini Ali]] (aunt)
[[Shaad Ali]] (cousin)
| family = [[Sarabhai family]]
| awards =
| website = {{URL|http://www.revantasarabhai.com/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Revanta Sarabhai''' (born 2 September 1984) is an Indian film and theatre actor, dancer, and choreographer from [[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat, India. He is known for being one of the few male Bharatanatyam soloists of his generation.

== Early life ==
He is the son of dancer turned activist [[Mallika Sarabhai]] and publisher Bipin Shah; and grandson of the Indian physicist [[Vikram Sarabhai]] and dancer [[Mrinalini Sarabhai]].

Sarabhai got his basic dance training from his grandmother Mrinalini Sarabhai and had his solo classical dance début at age eight.<ref>{{cite news |last=Priya |first=Shashi |date=21 October 2008 |title=Manning moves |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/manning-moves/375977/ |newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref> He started touring with the Darpana Performing Group in his early teens, starting in 1999 and also got training in a variety of folk, contemporary and martial arts forms from India and abroad.

[[File:Revanta Sarabhai Male Dancer.jpg|thumb|Dance performance in Delhi]]

== Education and career ==
Sarabhai has a bachelor's degree in fine arts from [[The University of the Arts]], [[Philadelphia]], and a master's degree in performance & creative research from the [[University of Roehampton]], [[London]] and worked as an independent dancer and choreographer in Europe before moving to India in 2014. He headed the arts education and training activities at the [[Darpana Academy of Performing Arts]] in Ahmedabad from 2014 to 2017,<ref>{{cite news |last=Shah-Desa |first=Kinjal |date=23 July 2014 |title=Arts More Accessible to All Demographics |url=http://dnasyndication.com/dna/dna_english_news_and_features/Arts-more-accessible-to-all-demographics/DNAHM73798 |newspaper=DNA}}</ref> and continues to be an internationally touring performer and choreographer.

Sarabhai has collaborated with several international dancers and choreographers and has been an associate choreographer at Korzo, Den Haag since 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.korzo.nl/en/production-house/choreographers/revanta-sarabhai |title=Revanta Sarabhai |website=Korzo}}</ref>

In 2017, Sarabhai made his feature film debut with the Gujarati film ''Dhantya Open'', co-starring [[Kiran Kumar]], [[Naresh Kanodia]], and [[Manav Gohil]]. He has since acted in four other Gujarati feature films, including ''O! Taareee'' (2017), ''[[Mijaaj]]'' (2018), ''Paaghadi'' (2018) and ''[[Mara Pappa Superhero]]'' (2021).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm8817825/ |title=Revanta Sarabhai |publisher=IMDb}}</ref> In 2018, Sarabhai made his television debut as a host on the Gujarati dance reality show ''Naach Maari Saathe'' on [[Colors Gujarati]] channel.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jhambekar |first=Shruit |date=7 June 2018 |title=Revanta Sarabhai and Vyoma Nandi to make their telly debut |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/gujarati/revanta-vyoma-to-make-their-telly-debut/articleshow/64489524.cms |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>

In 2021, Sarabhai featured in an episode of the web series ''Cutting''<ref>{{Citation|title=Cutting|date=2021-06-20|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14866614/|type=Comedy|publisher=CineMan Productions|access-date=2021-12-22}}</ref> on Oho Gujarati.

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2010 ||''Dawn''|| Varun || Short Film
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2017 ||''Dhantya Open''|| Suraj || Gujarati feature Film
|-
|''O! Taareee''|| Manthan || Gujarati feature Film
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018 ||''[[Mijaaj]]''|| Yogesh || Gujarati feature Film
|-
|''Paaghadi'' || Aditya ||Gujarati feature film
|-
|2024 ||''[[Mara Pappa Superhero]]''<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Shraddha Dangar gives a sneak peek into the character for her next film 'Mara Pappa Superhero' |website=The Times of India |date=2020-03-04 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/photo-shraddha-dangar-gives-a-sneak-peek-into-the-character-for-her-next-film-mara-pappa-superhero/articleshow/74470788.cms |access-date=2020-11-05}}</ref>|| Yash ||Gujarati feature film
|}

== Television series ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! TV Series !! Channel !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2018 ||''Naach Maari Saathe''||[[Colors Gujarati]]|| Host || Dance Reality Show
|-
|2023
|Rocket Boys 2
|Sony LIV OTT
|Dancer
|Performance
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.revantasarabhai.com Revanta Sarabhai Official Website]
*[http://www.europalia.eu/archives/india/en/article/revanta-sarabhai-_164.html Europalia International]
*[http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main46.asp?filename=hub140810Dance.asp Tehelka Magazine]
*[http://www.korzo.nl/en/production-house/choreographers/revanta-sarabhai Korzo Theatre – Resident Choreographer Profile]
*[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm8817825/ Revanta Sarabhai on IMDB]
*[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/revanta-sarabhai-talks-about-being-an-actor-dancer-and-now-a-tv-host/articleshow/65038904.cms Times of India – Revanta Sarabhai talks about being a TV host]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarabhai, Revanta}}
[[Category:Indian male dancers]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Roehampton]]
[[Category:Artists from Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Dancers from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Sarabhai family]]
[[Category:University of the Arts (Philadelphia) alumni]]

Siege of Chittorgarh (1303)

2026-01-06T18:00:45Z

Rishank124: cleaned up intro for accuracy also and updated info to improve readability

{{Short description|Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Chittor}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Siege of Chittorgarh
| place = [[Chittor Fort]]
| image = Chittorgarh fort.JPG
| image_size = 280px
| caption = [[Chittor Fort]] in 2011
| date = {{start and end dates|1303|01|28|1303|08|26|df=yes}}
| territory = [[Alauddin Khalji]] captured the fort of Chittor
| combatants_header =
| combatant1 = [[Delhi Sultanate]]
| combatant2 = [[Guhila dynasty]]
| commander1 = [[Alauddin Khalji]]
| commander2 = [[Ratnasimha]]{{KIA}} Rana Lakhan{{KIA}} Ari Singh{{KIA}}<ref>{{harvnb|Rima Hooja|2006|page=313}}:"Much has been written about the siege, and the bravery of its defenders prominent among who were Rana Lakhan-Si (Lakshmanasimha, or Lakshman Singh) of the Sisoda estate, and his seven sons members of the junior line of the Mewar ruling family"</ref>
| result = Khalji victory
| coordinates = {{coord|24.8863|74.647|type:landmark|display=inline}}
| map_type = South Asia#India Rajasthan
| map_relief = yes
| map_size = 280px
| map_marksize =
| map_caption = Location of the Siege of Chittorgarh
| map_label = Siege of Chittorgarh
| casualties1 = Unknown
| casualties2 = 3,000 or 30,000 killed<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUk5k5AN54sC |title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India |date=1979 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-207-0617-0 |pages=149 |language=en}}</ref>
| partof = Wars between the [[Guhila dynasty|Kingdom of Mewar]] and the [[Delhi Sultanate]]
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}

In 1303, the [[Delhi Sultanate]] ruler [[Alauddin Khalji]] captured the [[Chittor Fort]] from the [[Guhilas of Medapata|Guhila]] king [[Ratnasimha]], after an eight month long siege. The conflict has been described in several legendary accounts, including the historic epic poem ''[[Padmavat]]'', which claims that Alauddin's motive was to obtain Ratnasimha's beautiful wife [[Rani Padmini|Padmavati]].

== Background ==

The [[Mewar]] region in north-western India was ruled by the [[Guhilas of Medapata|Guhila dynasty]], whose seat was located at the [[Chittor Fort]] (''Chittorgarh''). In 1299, Alauddin's general [[Ulugh Khan]] had raided the Mewar region on his way to [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat|Gujarat]]. However, this appears to have been a light raid rather than a serious invasion. The Guhila king Samarasimha protected his country from the raiders,{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=84}} possibly by paying a [[tribute]].{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=197}}

In 1301, Alauddin [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Ranthambore|conquered Ranthambore]], which was located between Delhi and Chittor, and then returned to Delhi. The same year, [[Ratnasimha]] ascended the throne of Chittor.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=117}} The later legends based on [[Malik Mohammad Jaisi]]'s epic poem ''[[Padmavat]]'' state that Alauddin invaded Chittor to obtain [[Rani Padmini]], the queen of Ratnasimha (called Ratan Sen or Ratan Singh in these legends). According to these legends, a man named Raghava told Alauddin about the extraordinary beauty of Padmini.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=120}} However, Padmini does not find a mention in the earliest records of Alauddin's conquest of Chittor, such as the chronicles by [[Amir Khusrau]], [[Ziauddin Barani|Barani]] and [[Isami (historian)|Isami]]. Most modern historians have rejected the authenticity of the Padmini legend.{{sfn|Satish Chandra|2004|p=89}}

== Siege ==
On 28 January 1303, Alauddin started his march to Chittor with a large army. After arriving near the fort, he set up a camp between the [[Berach River|Berach]] and [[Gambhir River (Rajasthan)|Gambhiri]] rivers. His army then surrounded the fort from all sides. Alauddin stationed himself at Chitori hillock located to the north of the fort.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=367}}

The siege went on for nearly eight months, suggesting that the defenders put up a strong resistance. [[Amir Khusrau]], who accompanied Alauddin to Chittor, has briefly described the siege in his ''Khaza'in ul-Futuh''. However, no detailed account of the siege operations is available.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=118}} Khusrau implies that the frontal attacks by the invaders failed twice. He states that the invaders managed to reach the "waist" of the hill during the two months of the rainy season but could not advance further. Alauddin ordered the fort to be pelted with stones from [[siege engine]]s (''munjaniqs''). At the same time, his armoured soldiers attacked it from all sides.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=367}}

The fort garrison may have suffered from a famine or an epidemic. On 26 August 1303, Alauddin entered the fort.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=367}} After his victory, Alauddin ordered a general massacre of Chittor's population. According to Amir Khusrau, 30,000 Hindus were "cut down like dry grass" due to this order.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|pp=119–120}} Conversely, [[Banarsi Prasad Saxena]] states that the figure of 30,000 is probably an exaggeration and inaccurate as three and thirty are presented similarly in Persian annals.<ref>{{harvnb|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|page=97}}: "According to B.P. Saxena, the murder of thirty thousand is obiviously an error, as in Persian script three and thirty are written more OF less” the fame way (M. Habib and Nizami—op.lt, p. 868 fr)"</ref>

After the fortress was sacked, [[Rajput]] women committed [[Jauhar]] while most of the warriors died defending the fort.<ref>{{cite book|author=Satish Chandra|author-link=Satish Chandra (historian)|title=History of Medieval India: 800–1700|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHnHHwAACAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Orient Longman|isbn=978-81-250-3226-7|page=98|quote=Alauddin closely invested Chittor. After a valiant resistance by the besieged for several months, Alauddin stormed the fort (1303). The Rajputs performed jauhar and most of the warriors died fighting. Padmini, and the other queens, also sacrificed their lives. But it seems that Ratan Singh was captured alive and kept a prisoner for some time|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Rima Hooja|2006|page=308}}: "Amir Khusrau’s
works have omitted mention of several episodes unpalatable to the Sultan among them the murder of Jalaluddin Khilji by his nephew, Alauddin; Alauddin’s defeat at the hands of the Mongols; and the Mongol siege of Delhi. Srivastava also asserts that it would be wrong to say that Jayasi had concocted the entire story of Padmini. He holds that ‘Jayasi wrote out a romance, the plot of which he derived from Amir Khusrau’s Khazain-ul-Futuh’, and while conceding that “most of the romantic details of Jayasi’s Padmavat are imaginary”, asserts that “the main plot of the story that Padmini was coveted by Alauddin and was shown in a mirror to the lustful Sultan who had her husband arrested, is most probably based on historical truth. He further suggests that the women performed Jauhar after Ratan Singh’s arrest and then the Rajputs fell on the invaders and rescued the Rana, but they were cut down to a man, and the fort and the country passed into Alauddin’s hands"</ref> While the exact site of where the Jauhar was committed is unknown, Historian R.V Somani speculated that it took place near Gaumukh Kund or inside the palaces.<ref>{{harvnb|Ram Vallabh Somani|1976|page=97}}: "At last, when the stock of food-stuff remained insufficient, the Rajputs determined to perform Jauhar. The exact spot where it was done is not known. Bit it seems that it might have been performed either near Gomukh or inside the palaces"</ref>

=== Fate of Ratnasimha ===

{{see also|Ratnasimha#Fate after defeat}}

Accounts vary about what happened to [[Ratnasimha]], the ruler of Chittor. The early Muslim chroniclers such as [[Amir Khusrau]], [[Ziauddin Barani]] and [[Isami (historian)|Isami]], state that the unnamed ruler ("Rai") of Chittor surrendered to Alauddin and was pardoned.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=368}}{{sfn|Aditya Behl|2012|p=177}} The [[Jain]] writer [[Nabhi-nandana-jinoddhara-prabandha#Description of Alauddin's achievements|Kakka Suri]] (1336) states that Alauddin took away his wealth, and "made him move like a monkey from one city to another".{{sfn|Shyam Singh Ratnawat|Krishna Gopal Sharma|1999|p=124}}

The [[Kumbhalgarh]] ''[[prashasti]]'' (eulogistic inscription) of 1460 CE, which is the earliest Hindu record of the siege, states that Ratnasimha "departed" from the battlefield, after which Lakshmasimha died defending the fort because only the cowards forsake "the established traditions of the family", while "those who are valorous and steady do not give up their pursuit."{{sfn|Rajendra Singh Kushwaha|2003|p=273}}{{sfn|Manjit Singh Ahluwalia|1978|p=96}} Modern historians have interpreted the word "departed" (''tasmin gate'' in [[Sanskrit]]) variously, either meaning that Ratnasimha died fighting on the battlefield or deserted the defenders and surrendered.{{sfn|Akshaya Keerty Vyas|1937|pp=313–314}}

The ''[[Padmavat]]'' legend claims that Ratnasimha ("Ratan Sen") died in a combat with the ruler of [[Kumbhalgarh|Kumbhalner]], before Alauddin's conquest of the fort.{{sfn|Ramya Sreenivasan|2007|p=209}} In [[Nainsi ri Khyat]], the 17th century chronicler [[Muhnot Nainsi]], who wrote under Rajput patronage, states that Ratnasimha died on the battlefield.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=120}}

== Aftermath ==
The city of Chittor was completely sacked by Alauddin's army. A large number of temples were desecrated, including the long-standing Sun temple dedicated to [[Hindu]] goddess [[Kali]], where the icon of [[Surya]] ([[solar deity]] of [[Hindus]]) was vandalized. However, most of these temples were repaired by rulers of the junior Sisodia lineage, only to be desecrated again by [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat|Bahadur Shah]] and [[Akbar]], when they sacked the city in [[Siege of Chittorgarh (1535)|1535]] and [[Siege of Chittorgarh (1567-1568)|1568]] respectively.<ref>{{Cite book |author=[[Andre Wink]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=75FlxDhZWpwC |title=Al-Hind the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest : 11th–13th Centuries |date=1991 |publisher=Brill| isbn=9004102361|pages=325–326|quote=Chitorgarh, the most famous of Rajput fortresses, founded about 728 AD, was taken by Muslim armies three times: the first by 'Ala' ad-Din Khalaji in 1303, the second by Bahadur Shah in 1535, and the third by Akbar in 1567. Here again we find many temples dating back to the fifteenth century, when a revival of Jain architecture took place. But often, like in the case of the Temple of Mirabai, erected in 1449 AD by Rana Kumbha of the Mewar dynasty, they were built on an eighth- or ninth-century substructure which was demolished centuries earlier. Another example is the sun-temple in Chitorgarh, probably dating to the eighth century, where Surya is de-faced by the Muslim iconoclasts on one side of the temple, while left intact on the other side; the temple itself was re-dedicated to Kali, after having been destroyed by the Khalajis and later again by Bahadaur Shah and Akbar|language=en}}</ref>

Alauddin assigned Chittor to his son Khizr Khan (or Khidr Khan), who was 7 or 8 years old. The Chittor fort was renamed "Khizrabad" after the prince.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=368}} Khizr Khan was given a gold-embroidered robe and a red canopy, which was usually bestowed upon an [[heir apparent]]. Alauddin stayed at Chittor for seven more days and then left for Delhi, probably after learning about the [[Mongol invasion of India, 1303|Mongol invasion]].{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=120}} An important inscription at Chittor dated 13 May 1310, recording Alauddin as the ruler, indicates that the place had not been evacuated by the Khaljis till that period.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4HlCAAAAYAAJ|title=Proceedings, Volume 28|publisher=[[Indian History Congress]]|year=1966|page=147}}</ref>

As Khizr Khan was only a child, the actual administration was handed over to a slave named Malik Shahin, who held the office of ''{{not a typo|naib-i barbek}}'' (deputy in-charge of the royal court), and whom Alauddin called his son.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=368}} According to the 14th-century chronicler [[Isami (historian)|Isami]], Malik Shahin fled the fort sometime later because he was afraid of the [[Vaghela dynasty|Vaghela]] king [[Karna (Vaghela dynasty)|Karna]], who had managed to recapture the neighbouring Gujarat region after [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat|Alauddin's 1299 invasion]].{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=371}}

Later, Alauddin decided that it was best to govern Chittor indirectly through a Hindu ruler. He transferred the governance of Chittor from Khizr Khan to the [[Chahamanas of Jalor|Chahamana]] chief Maladeva (Maldeo), who was supported by the locals.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=371}} Maladeva was a brother of the [[Kanhadadeva]]. He had saved Alauddin's life from an accident during Alauddin's [[Siege of Jalore|siege]] of Kanhadadeva's Jalore fort.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=130}} He contributed 5,000 horsemen and 10,000 infantrymen to Alauddin's campaigns, whenever ordered. He used to bring gifts for Alauddin during his annual visit to the imperial court, where he was honoured in return.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=371}} Alauddin maintained an imperial garrison at Chittor, and one of his inscriptions (dated May 1310) has been discovered there.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=371}}

According to the 16th-century chronicler Firishta, when Alauddin was on his deathbed, the ruler of Chittor rebelled and executed the imperial soldiers stationed in the fort. After the death of Maladeva around 1321, the fort came under the control of [[Hammir Singh]], a ruler of the [[Sisodia Dynasty|Sisodia]] branch of the Guhilas.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=371}} However, historian [[Peter Jackson (historian)|Peter Jackson]] believes that the fort remained under the control of the governors dispatched from Delhi, even during the reigns of the first two [[Tughluq dynasty|Tughluq]] rulers (1321–1350), as suggested by epigraphic evidence. According to Jackson, the accounts about Maladeva and Sisodias originated from a Sanskrit epic and seemed to be inaccurate.{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=198}}

== See also==
* [[Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568)]]
* [[Siege of Chittorgarh (1535)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Aditya Behl |title=Love's Subtle Magic: An Indian Islamic Literary Tradition, 1379–1545 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PK7riKO6IN8C&pg=PA177 |year=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-514670-7 }}
* {{cite book |author=Akshaya Keerty Vyas |chapter=First and Third Slabs of Kumbhalgarh Inscription V.S. 1517 |editor=N. P. Chakravarti |title=Epigraphia Indica |volume=XXIV |year=1937 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |chapter-url=http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/56526 |pages=313–314 }}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{cite book |author=Banarsi Prasad Saksena |author-link=Banarsi Prasad Saksena |chapter=The Khaljis: Alauddin Khalji |editor=[[Mohammad Habib]] and [[Khaliq Ahmad Nizami]] |title=A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206–1526) |volume=5 |edition=Second |year=1992 |orig-year=1970 |publisher=The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9cmAQAAMAAJ |oclc=31870180 }}
* {{cite book |author=Kishori Saran Lal |author-link=K. S. Lal |title=History of the Khaljis (1290–1320) |year=1950 |publisher=The Indian Press |location=Allahabad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XXqAQAACAAJ |oclc=685167335 }}
* {{cite book |author=Mohammad Habib |author-link=Mohammad Habib |title=Politics and Society During the Early Medieval Period |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iQ1uAAAAMAAJ |year=1981 |publisher=People's Publishing House |oclc=923204503 }}
* {{cite book |author=Peter Jackson |author-link=Peter Jackson (historian) |title=The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC&pg=PA221 |year=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-54329-3 }}
* {{cite book |author=Manjit Singh Ahluwalia |title=Muslim Expansion in Rajasthan: The Relations of Delhi Sultanate with Rajasthan, 1206–1526 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fr8tAAAAMAAJ |year=1978 |publisher=Yugantar }}
* {{cite book |author=Rajendra Singh Kushwaha |title=Glimpses of Bhāratiya history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EDZuAAAAMAAJ |year=2003 |publisher=Ocean |isbn=978-81-88322-40-4 }}
* {{cite book |author=Ramya Sreenivasan|authorlink=Ramya Sreenivasan |title=The Many Lives of a Rajput Queen: Heroic Pasts in India C. 1500–1900 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GiSUwULkK64C |year=2007 |publisher=University of Washington Press |isbn=978-0-295-98760-6 }}
* {{cite book |author=Satish Chandra |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526) – Part One |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC&pg=PA89 |year=2004 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-1064-5 }}
* {{cite book |editor1=Shyam Singh Ratnawat |editor2=Krishna Gopal Sharma |title=History and culture of Rajasthan: from earliest times upto 1956 A.D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6yNuAAAAMAAJ |year=1999 |publisher=Centre for Rajasthan Studies, University of Rajasthan |page=124 }}
* {{Cite book|author=Rima Hooja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qqd1RAAACAAJ |title=A History of Rajasthan (PB) |date=2006 |publisher=Rupa & Company|isbn=978-81-291-1501-0}}
* {{Cite book |author=Ram Vallabh Somani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcIBAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. |publisher=Mateshwari |year=1976|oclc=2929852}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* [http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D02003020%26ct%3D13 Description of conquest of Chittor] in ''Khazain ul-Futuh'' by Alauddin's courtier Amir Khusrau

{{Alauddin Khalji}}

[[Category:Alauddin Khalji]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Delhi Sultanate|Chittorgarh]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Rajputs]]
[[Category:Chittorgarh Fort]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1303|Chittorgarh]]

Sanju Vala

2025-12-31T08:01:25Z

Rishank124: Starting new info - done

{{Short description|Indian Gujarati-language poet and literary critic (Born: 1960)}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Sanju Vala
| image = Sanju Vala.jpg
| caption = Sanju Vala
| birth_name = Sanju Naranbhai Vala
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|7|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = Badhada, [[Savarkundla]], Amreli, Gujarat, India
| occupation = Poet, critic
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| nationality = Indian
| notableworks =
* Kaik/Kashunk/Athava To (1990)
* Killebandhi (2000)
* Ragadhinam (2007)
| awards =
* [[Shayda Award]] - 1999
* [[Harindra Dave]] Memorial Award - 2014
| signature = Sanju Vala Signature.jpg
| years_active = Since 1983
| module = {{Listen |embed= yes |filename= Sanju Vala voice intro.ogg |title= Sanju Vala's voice intro |type= audio |description= }}
}}

'''Sanju Vala''' (b. 11 July 1960) is an Indian [[Gujarati language|Gujarati-language]] poet and literary critic [[Gujarat, India]]. He has authored more than 10 books and received numerous literary awards.

== Early life ==
Sanju Vala was born in Badhada ([[Savarkundla]]) village in [[Amreli]] district of Gujarat, to Naranbhai and Ranima. He completed his primary education from Badhada Primary School in 1976. He completed schooling in 1979 from J.V Modi Highschool, Savarkundla. He dropped out of college after studying for a year.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title = Gujarati Sahityakar Kosh|last = Shukla|first = Kirit|publisher = Gujarati Sahitya Akadami|year = 2013|isbn = 9789383317028|location = Gandhinagar|pages = 439}}</ref>

== Career ==
Sanju Vala joined the revenue department of the [[Government of Gujarat]] in 1979. He served as a member in working committee of [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] from 2012 to 2014. He was a member of the working committee of Vali Gujarati Gazalkendra run by [[Gujarat Sahitya Akademi]].<ref name=":0"/> He wrote columns for several newspapers, such as ''Janmabhoomi'' and ''[[Phulchhab]]''. His poems were published in several literary magazines including ''[[Shabdasrishti]]'', ''Parab'', ''Sameepe'', ''Etad'', ''[[Parivesh (magazine)|Parivesh]]'','' Navneet Samarpan'' and ''[[Gazalvishwa]]''. As a poet, he organised and participated in [[mushaira]]s, poet meetings and lectures on poetry appreciation and criticism. He has written poetry and its criticism. He has authored more than 10 books and received numerous literary awards.<ref>Brahmbhatt, Prasad (2012), Arvachin gujarati sahityano itihas (History of modern gujarati literature) parshv publication</ref>

== Works ==
[[File:Sanju Vala Darshak Sanman 2014.jpg|alt=Sanju Vala accepting darshak sahitya sanman by Vidhyaguru ratilal borisagar sanskrutik pratishthan|right|thumb|Sanju Vala with [[Morari Bapu|Morari bapu]] Darshak Sahitya Sanman – 2014]]
Vala started his career writing [[ghazal]]s and later ventured into other forms of poetry. His main contribution is towards [[Geet (song)|Geet]], ghazals and Achhandas ([[Free verse|free verse poetry]]). [[Harish Meenashru]] and [[Manilal H. Patel]] appreciated his style of [[rhythm]] by commenting that his songs are path-breaking and fresh among age-old patterns of rhythm. At that time when most of the ghazal-poets used to write in straightforward and loud tones, he wrote against flow of predominant style of writing ghazals and established poetry with fresh language.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Chavda |editor1-first=Anil |editor1-link=Anil Chavda |editor2-last=Brahmbhatt |editor2-first=Harsh |year=2013 |title=Shabda Sathe Maro Sambandh |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=Navbharat Sahitya Mandiar |pages=182–191 |isbn= 978-81-8440-754-9}}></ref>

== Recognition ==
{{quote box
| align = right
| width = 25em
| bgcolor=#FFE0BB
| quote = Sanju Wala seeks awareness of the multiple states of consciousness through multiple verse forms. He is adept at the lyrical and has a flair for Gazals. His songs reflect [[Saurashtra language|saurashtra diction]]. He experiments with meters like Kataav that are flexible or with free verse. He can be flippant while retaining a sharp eye to notice minute and missed details of everyday life. Oppressive pain and explosive violence in several of his poems are inevitable on a journey to the centre of existence. We were born during the years of hope and aspirations. Sanju was born in 1960 during the period of national frustrations. But the future of Gujarati poetry rests in the poets like him.
| salign = right
| source = [[Dileep Jhaveri]] (A Tale of Modern Gujarati Poetry, [[Muse India]], Issue 11)<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.museindia.com/viewarticle.asp?myr=2007&issid=11&id=525|title = A Tale of Modern Gujarati Poetry|date = 2016-01-21|access-date = 2016-01-21|publisher = Muse India|last = Jhaveri|first = Dileep|archive-date = 2017-08-05|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170805015826/http://www.museindia.com/viewarticle.asp?myr=2007&issid=11&id=525|url-status = dead}}</ref>
}}
He was awarded the Jayant Pathak Poetry Award for his anthology ''kaik/kashunk/athava to'' in 1990. For his contribution in Gujarati ghazal poetry, he was awarded by [[Shayda Award]] in 1999. He received R.V Pathak/Nanalal Kavita Paritoshik in 2003 and Dr.Bhanuprasad Pandya Award for his anthology ''Ragadhinam'' in 2007 by [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]], [[Manubhai Pancholi|Darshak]] Sahitya Sanman-2014 by Vidhyaguru Ratilal Borisagar Sanskrutik Pratishthan, Kavishree [[Ramesh Parekh]] Sanman-2014 by Asmita Foundation, Rajkot and Harindra Dave Memorial Award in 2014.<ref name=":0" />

== Bibliography ==
*''Kaik/Kashunk/Athava To...'' (collection of poems), 1990
*''Atikrami Te Gazal'' (gazals of poets from Rajkot), 1990
*''Kinshukalay'' (Compilation of ghazals of new generation)
*''Killebandhi'' (long poem and Freeverse), 2000
*''Ragadhinam'' (poem-songs), 2007
*''Ghar same sarovar'' (Collected poetry of [[Shyam Sadhu]]), 2009, Published by Gujarat Sahitya Akademi.
*''Kavitachayan''-2007 (Selected Gujarati poems of 2007) published by Gujarati Sahitya Parishad.
*''Yaadno Rajyabhishek'' (Selected gazals of Shoonya Palanpuri), 2012, published by Gujarat Sahitya Akademi.
*''Manpanchamna Melama'' (Collected poetry of [[Ramesh Parekh]]), 2013, published by Gujarat Sahitya Akademi.
*''Kavita name sanjeevani'' (collection of gazals) 2014.<ref name=":0" />

==See also==
* [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{GujLit author}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vala, Sanju}}
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Poets from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language poets]]
[[Category:People from Amreli district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]

Iekhau

2025-11-28T00:59:35Z

Rishank124: creating a entry more to come

{{Short description|Village in Nagaland, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = [[Khiamniungan people|Khiamniungan]]
| population =
| image =
| image_caption =
| languages = [[Patsho Khiamniungan]]
| religions = Christianity
| related = [[Patsho|Patsho people]]
| footnotes =
}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Iekhau
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = kix
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Nagaland
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nagaland, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.123931|94.937840|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Noklak district|Noklak]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 491
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Patsho Khiamniungan]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| registration_plate = NL
| website = 
| footnotes =
}}
'''Iekhau''' or '''Ekhao''' is a village of the [[Patsho|Panso]] taluka, [[Noklak district]] in the Indian state of [[Nagaland]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nagalandpost.com/index.php/2015/04/14/ekhao-village-gets-commodes/|title= Ekhao village gets commodes |website=nagalandpost.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nagalandpost.com/index.php/2012/01/31/naiba-at-prsu-general-session-at-ekhao-village/|title= Naiba at PRSU general session at Ekhao village |website=nagalandpost.com}}</ref> The language most widely spoken is [[Patsho Khiamniungan]], that of the [[Patsho|Patsho people]] there.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

== Agriculture ==
"People living in Iekhau depend on multiple skills, total workers are 211 out of which men are 111 and women are 100. Total 202 Cultivators are depended on agriculture farming out of 106 are cultivated by men and 96 are women."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiagrowing.com/Nagaland/Tuensang/Panso/Ekhao|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319151638/https://www.indiagrowing.com/Nagaland/Tuensang/Panso/Ekhao|url-status=usurped|archive-date=19 March 2024|title=Ekhao Population 2023/2024, Village in Panso Subdivision|website=www.indiagrowing.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Noklak district]]

{{Nagaland-geo-stub}}

Mayani

2025-10-28T15:07:17Z

Rishank124: Added Some Post Needs Work...

{{short description|Town in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Mayani
| settlement_type = Town
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|17.4420253|N|74.5494988|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = Taluka
| subdivision_type4 = Taluka H.Q.
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|..Maharashtra Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Satara district|Satara]]
| subdivision_name3 = Khatav
| subdivision_name4 = [[Vaduj]]
| governing_body = '''Gram Panchayat'''
| population_total = 10872<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mayani Population |title=District Census Handbook Satara, Census of India 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/828/download/36180/DH_2011_2731_PART_A_DCHB_SATARA.pdf |publisher=Directorate of Census Operation Maharashtra, Govt. of India |access-date=10 April 2023}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = Pin Code
| postal_code = 415102
| registration_plate = MH-11
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Indian road network|Major Highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 160 (India)|NH-160]]
}}
'''Mayani''' is a town in [[Satara district|Satara]] district of [[Maharashtra]] state in [[India]]. It is situated on the [[National Highway 160 (India)|National Highway NH-160]]. This town is well known for a notified Bird Conservation Reserve in 2021.

== Geography ==
This town is situated on the banks of '''Chand river''', a tributary of [[Yerla River|Yerla river]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Chand River, Mayani |url=https://www.esakal.com/paschim-maharashtra/mayani-lake-rohit-bird-egg-166154 |publisher=Sakal Newspaper |access-date=23 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chand River, Mayani |title=Identification of Groundwater Potential Zones in Khatav Tahsil using Geospatial Techniques |journal=International Journal of Applied Information Systems |volume=9-No.7 |url=https://www.ijais.org/research/volume9/number7/shinde-2015-ijais-451421.pdf |access-date=23 April 2023}}</ref> It is 24 km away from [[Vaduj]], tehsil headquarters of taluka and located in the southeastern part of [[Khatav|Khatav taluka]] of [[Satara district|Satara]] district. It is 20 km away from [[Vita, Maharashtra|Vita]] in [[Sangli district|Sangli]] district. On 15 March 2021, the Government of Maharashtra notified the '''[[Mayani Bird Sanctuary|Mayani Bird Conservation Reserve]]''' in Mayani. This bird conservation site is located at old Mayani dam on Chand river.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayani Bird Conservation Reserve |url=http://www.mahaecotourism.gov.in/ecotourism/en/mayani-bird-conservation-reserve |publisher=Tourism Dept. Govt. of Maharashtra |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref>

== Contribution in Indian Freedom Struggle ==
[[Forest Satyagraha]] was an important phase of the Civil Disobedience Movement in which peasants played a significant role. Those who could not take part in [[Salt March|Salt Satyagraha]] sufficiently due to lack of sea-coast threw themselves fully into Forest Satyagraha. A series of forest Satyagrahas occurred in Satara district during the Civil Disobedience campaign. Forest Satyagraha took place at Kameri, [[Tambave]], Retharedharan, Kale, Peth, [[Shirala]], Kavathe, [[Prachitgad]], Lohare, Belmachi, Mayani, [[Masur, India|Masur]], Islampur, [[Vita, Maharashtra|Vita]], Bilashi, etc. places. Forest Satyagraha at Bilashi deserves special mention. At Mayani in [[Khatav]] Taluka Forest Satyagraha was brought about on 4 August 1930 in which 12 persons, including Shri Jagannath Nanaji Dhavalikar, C.D. Dashputre, Y.B. Kuber, P.H. Pore were arrested and sentenced to six months imprisonment and different amounts of fine.<ref>{{cite web |title=Forest Satyagraha |url=http://ir.unishivaji.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2677/8/08_Chapter%203.pdf |publisher=Shivaji University, Kolhapur |access-date=28 July 2023}}</ref>

== Economy ==
The major economic activities in this town are based on agriculture, textile processing and manufacturing. Due to prolonged drought, rainfed farming is practised in this area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayani, drought-prone area |url=https://www.lokmat.com/maharashtra/another-931-villages-declared-drought-decision-meeting-cabinet-sub-committee/ |publisher=Lokmat Newspaper |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref> Many years ago, this town emerged as a centre for the cottage industries of handlooms and textile weaving in [[Satara district|Satara]] district.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Handlooms Cottage Industries in Mayani |title=All India Directory of Cottage Industries, Volumes 1-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9QGELndOtd0C&q=handloom+in+mayani |publisher=Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt. of India |access-date=12 April 2023}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
* Mohanrao Alias Bhausaheb Pandurang Gudge (Ex-[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]). He was educationist and also former deputy chairman of Maharashtra Krishna Valley Development Corporation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhausaheb Gudge (Ex-MLA Khatav) |url=https://www.lokmat.com/satara/bhausaheb-gudge-passed-away/ |publisher=Lokmat Newspaper |access-date=10 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Maharashtra Krishna Valley Development Corporation |url=https://wrd.maharashtra.gov.in/Home/Index |publisher=Govt. of Maharashtra |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref>
* Dr. Diliprao Murlidhar Yelgaonkar (Ex-[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. Diliprao Yelgaonkar (Ex-MLA) Khatav |url=http://pibmumbai.gov.in/english/pdf/e2009_me10.pdf |publisher=PIB, Govt. of India |access-date=15 April 2023}}</ref>

At Mayani in Khatav Taluka Forest Satyagraha
was brought about on 4 August 1930 in which 12 persons
including Shri Gopal Dhondo Dashputre, Y.B. Kuber, P.H. Pore
were arrested and sentenced to six months imprisonment
and different amounts of fine.

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Satara district]]

Meharchand Market

2025-10-28T02:25:46Z

Rishank124: Added New Details First Draft

{{Short description|Retail area in Delhi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Meharchand Market
| settlement_type = [[Neighbourhoods of Delhi|Neighbourhood]]
| pushpin_map = India Delhi
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Delhi
| mapframe-coordinates =
| mapframe-frame-coordinates =
| coordinates = {{coord|28|35|5|N|77|13|34|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = County
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Delhi]]
| established_date = 1948
| established_date1 = 1962
| founder = [[Mehr Chand Khanna]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 110003
}}
'''Meharchand Market''' (or '''Mehar Chand''') is a retail hub in [[Lodhi Colony]], [[South Delhi district|South Delhi]].<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2023 |title=Department of Food and Public Distribution to participate in 811 events on Swachhata Hi Seva Campaign on October 1st |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1962321&reg=3&lang=1 |access-date=18 March 2025 |website=Government of India: Press Information Bureau}}</ref> The market is a shopping hub known for its [[designer]] stores, [[Coffeehouse|cafes]], and [[street art]].<ref name=":4" /> Meharchand Market was established in 1948 as a [[refugee]] market and was renamed in 1962 after the then-[[Union Council of Ministers|Union Minister]] [[Mehr Chand Khanna]].<ref name=":0" /> In 2018, illegal constructions by shopkeepers led to shop closures.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nayeemi |first=Zaid |date=5 July 2022 |title=De-sealing of shops at Meherchand market in Delhi begins after four years |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2022/Jul/05/de-sealing-of-shopsat-meherchand-market-in-delhi-beginsafter-four-years-2473113.html |access-date=17 March 2025 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> This eventually resulted in a 2020 redevelopment plan that allows multi-story structures.<ref name=":1" /> By 2022, sealed shops began reopening and redevelopment is still ongoing as of 2024.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />

== History ==
Meharchand Market was initially established in 1948 as a [[refugee]] market, when 240 makeshift shops were allocated to refugees who had fled Pakistan after the [[partition of India]] in 1947.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Manoj |date=17 August 2020 |title=The making, unmaking and remaking of Mehar Chand Market |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-making-unmaking-and-remaking-of-mehar-chand-market/story-UtzP79ymcaSAnx4AAURPhO.html |access-date=17 March 2025 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Paras |date=22 February 2024 |title=Revamp gathers pace to create a modern Meharchand Market |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/revamp-gathers-pace-to-create-a-modern-meharchand-market-101708537880372.html#:~:text=In%201962%2C%20the%20market%20was,then%20Union%20minister%20for%20rehabilitation.&text=Khanna%2FHT%20photo)-,A%20popular%20hub%20for%20local%20shoppers%20for%20decades%2C%20the%20bazaar,%2D%2D%20in%20the%20late%202000s. |access-date=17 March 2025 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> In 1962, the market was renamed as Meharchand Market after the then-[[Union Council of Ministers|Union Minister]] for Rehabilitation, [[Mehr Chand Khanna]].<ref name=":0" /> After its establishment and renaming, Meharchand Market became known for its [[tailor]]ing shops and tent houses.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Lakhani |first=Somya |date=7 June 2019 |title=Street wise: Behind names of Khanna and Meherchand markets, a minister brought to India by Nehru |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/street-wise-behind-names-of-khanna-and-meherchand-markets-a-minister-brought-to-india-by-nehru-5768995/ |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=12 May 2022 |title=Delhi: Demolition drives continue, Meherchand market is spared |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/delhi/demolition-drives-continue-meherchand-market-is-spared-7912404/ |access-date=17 March 2025 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> By the mid-2010s, Meharchand Market was known as an upscale and trendy shopping area.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vora |first=Shivani |date=31 January 2014 |title=A New Delhi Market for Savvy Shoppers |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/02/travel/a-new-delhi-market-for-savvy-shoppers.html |access-date=17 March 2025 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Brennan |first=Emily |date=4 September 2014 |title=Michael Aram on the Artisans of Delhi |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/07/travel/michael-aram-on-the-artisans-of-delhi.html |access-date=17 March 2025 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

However, by 2018, many of the markets' shops were sealed by a [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]]-appointed committee as shopkeepers had illegally built more space for their shops, leaving only the ground floors compliant with the market's original plan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Rajput |first=Abhinav |date=12 August 2020 |title=Hit by sealing, Delhi's iconic Meher Chand market will be rebuilt from ground up |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/hit-by-sealing-citys-iconic-meher-chand-market-will-be-rebuilt-from-ground-up-6550944/ |access-date=17 March 2025 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> In 2020, a redevelopment scheme for Meharchand Market was approved by the then-[[South Delhi Municipal Corporation]], which would allow a 90% ground coverage with a 350 floor area ratio.<ref name=":1" /> This would allow shopkeeper build a basement, ground, first and second floors.<ref name=":1" /> In 2022, the sealed shops began to be unsealed by the Municipal Council of Delhi after approval from the Supreme Court-appointed monitoring committee.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Vibha |date=6 July 2022 |title=27 Meharchand Market shops de-sealed in Delhi, more to follow |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/27-meharchand-market-shops-de-sealed-in-delhi-more-to-follow/articleshow/92686007.cms |access-date=17 March 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> As of 2024, the redevelopment Maherchand Market is still ongoing.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Vibha |date=22 February 2024 |title=A renewed shopping experience at Delhi's Meharchand Market in 18 months |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/renewed-shopping-experience-at-meharchand-market-in-18-months/articleshow/107897422.cms |access-date=17 March 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Overview ==
Meharchand Market is noted as a shopping hub.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Ashish |date=11 August 2020 |title=Meharchand Market to soon be redeveloped with 'uniform look' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/meharchand-market-to-soon-be-redeveloped-with-uniform-look/story-mwynJKt6LExPe40kPz88NO.html |access-date=17 March 2025 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Purnima |date=30 March 2019 |title=Delhi's hip & chic shopping agora |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/lifestyle/travel/delhi-s-hip-chic-shopping-agora-725798.html |access-date=17 March 2025 |website=Deccan Herald}}</ref> Shops in the market include [[Designer clothing|designer]] stores, [[Coffeehouse|cafes]], jewellery shops and salons.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> The market has also become known for its [[street art]] and [[mural]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalra |first=Vandana |date=3 July 2022 |title=How artwork gave Lodhi Colony fresh lease of life |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/how-artwork-gave-lodhi-colony-fresh-lease-of-life-8005886/ |access-date=17 March 2025 |website=The Indian Express |archive-date=26 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926031845/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/how-artwork-gave-lodhi-colony-fresh-lease-of-life-8005886/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Location ==
Meharchand Market is located in [[Lodhi Colony]] and on the edge of [[Lutyens' Delhi]].<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 August 2020 |title=Sealed market to get new lease of life |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/sealed-market-to-get-new-lease-of-life/article32339588.ece |access-date=17 March 2025 |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The market comes under the area of [[South Delhi district|South Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2018 |title=South Delhi Municipal Corporation seals 135 shops in Meharchand Market |url=https://scroll.in/latest/864666/south-delhi-municipal-corporation-seals-135-shops-in-meharchand-market |access-date=17 March 2025 |website=Scroll.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1962 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Retail markets in Delhi]]
[[Category:Shopping districts and streets in India]]
[[Category:Retail markets in India]]

S. K. Kaul

2025-10-18T22:55:46Z

Rishank124: corrected article also and fixed typos for consistency

{{Short description|Indian Chief of Air Staff (1935–2025)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[Air Chief Marshal (India)|Air Chief Marshal]]
| name = Swaroop Krishna Kaul
| honorific_suffix = [[Param Vishist Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]], [[Aide-de-camp|ADC]]
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = ACM SK Kaul.jpg
| caption =
| office = [[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|16th Chief of Air Staff]]
| term_start = 1 August 1993
| term_end = 31 December 1995
| predecessor = [[Nirmal Chandra Suri]]
| successor = [[Satish Sareen]]
| president = [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
| primeminister = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| office1 =
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| president1 =
| primeminister1 =
| office2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1935|12|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]], [[United Provinces (1937–1950)|United Provinces]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2025|2|19|1935|12|20|df=y}}
| death_place =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial =
| alma_mater = Besant College, Varanasi. Government College, Allahabad
| nickname =
| allegiance = {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{air force|India}}
| rank = [[Air Chief Marshal (India)|Air Chief Marshal]]
| serviceyears = 1954–1995
| Service_Number =
| commands = [[Western Air Command]] [[Central Air Command (India)|Central Air Command]] [[No. 37 Squadron IAF|37 Squadron]]
| battles = [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
| awards = {{ubl|[[Param Vishist Seva Medal]] (PVSM)|[[Maha Vir Chakra]] (MVC)}}
}}

[[Air Chief Marshal (India)|Air Chief Marshal]] '''Swaroop Krishna Kaul''', [[Param Vishist Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]], [[Aide-de-camp|ADC]] (20 December 1935 – 19 February 2025) was [[Chief of Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]] of the [[Indian Air Force]]. Kaul served as the Air Chief from 1993 to 1995.<ref name=BR>{{cite web| url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Personnel/Chiefs/266-SK-Kaul.html |title=Indian Air Force: Swaroop Krishna Kaul | first=Chief of Air Staffs | last=Bharat Rakshak | access-date=24 Jun 2012}}</ref>

== Background ==
Swaroop Krishna Kaul was born in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh on 20 December 1935,<ref name="Chakravorty1995">{{cite book|author=B. Chakravorty|title=Stories of Heroism: PVC & MVC Winners|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzizVBSb4YsC&pg=PA219|access-date=25 June 2012|year=1995|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-7023-516-3|pages=219–}}</ref><ref name=MVC>{{cite web| url=https://twdi.in/node/1179 |title=ACM Swaroop Krishna Kaul, MVC, AVSM, ADC (retd)| first=The War decorated| last= India| access-date=24 Jun 2012}}</ref> into a [[Kashmiri Pandit]] family, to K K Kaul. He did his schooling from Besant college in [[Varanasi]] and his graduation from Government College, [[Allahabad]] in 1951.<ref name="BR"/>

Kaul died on 19 February 2025, at the age of 89.<ref>{{cite web |title=Air Chief Marshal Swaroop Krishna Kaul |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/4721#google_vignette |website=Bharat Rakshak |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>

== Career ==
[[File:Air_Chief_Marshal_S.K._Kaul,_Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_pays_farewell_call_on_the_President_of_India,_Dr._Shankar_Dayal_Sharma,_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan_in_New_Delhi.jpg|thumb|Air Chief Marshal S.K. Kaul, Chief of the Air Staff pays farewell call on the President of India, Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma, at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi]]
Kaul joined the [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]] in 1951<ref name=HT>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/NM8/Air-Chief-Marshal-Swaroop-Krishna-Kaul/Article1-76186.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126190248/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/NM8/Air-Chief-Marshal-Swaroop-Krishna-Kaul/Article1-76186.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 January 2013 |title=Air Chief Marshal Swaroop Krishna Kaul |first=online |last=hindustantimes.com |date=17 Mar 2006 }}</ref> and was commissioned in the IAF on 17 July 1954<ref name=BR/>

During the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971]], as a [[Wing commander (rank)|Wing Commander]] Kaul led several missions into the Pakistani held areas of East Pakistan (now [[Bangladesh]]) to photograph strategically vital areas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiavision.com/awards_description-Experienced%20Soldier%20Wing%20Commander%20Swarop%20Krishna%20Kaul.html |title=Experienced soldier wing commander Swaroop Krishna Kaul |first=indiavision.com |last=online |access-date=24 Jun 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126043046/http://www.indiavision.com/awards_description-Experienced%20Soldier%20Wing%20Commander%20Swarop%20Krishna%20Kaul.html |archive-date=2013-01-26 }}</ref>

As [[Commanding Officer]] of [[No. 37 Squadron IAF|37 Squadron]], he was awarded the [[Maha Vir Chakra]], the second highest war-time military decoration in India.

After Commanding the [[Central Air Command (India)|Central Air Command]] and the [[Western Air Command]], Kaul took over as the 16th [[Chief of Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]] of the [[Indian Air Force]].

In November 1994, Kaul was appointed as the [[Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee]]. He retired from the Air Force in December 1995.<ref name="HT"/> He had over 3,700 hours of accident free flying to his credit.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_exchief.php?pg_id=19&ch=9 |title= on Indian Air Force Govt Website |date= 24 Jun 2012 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304211659/http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_exchief.php?pg_id=19&ch=9 |archive-date= 2016-03-04 }}</ref>

== Awards ==
Kaul was awarded the [[Maha Vir Chakra]]<ref name="MVC"/> for a show of conspicuous gallantry during the 1971 war and the [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] in 1992.<ref name="HT"/>

{{center|'''CITATION''' 
'''WING COMMANDER SWAROOP KRISHNA KAUL'''}}

(Effective date of award – 4 December 1971)

''At the outbreak of hostilities, Wing Commander Swaroop Krishna Kaul, the Commanding Officer of a fighter bomber squadron volunteered for an urgent task to photograph certain areas which were badly needed in order to finalise our Army's assault plans. The officer carried out four missions deep into enemy territories to cover the heavily defended sectors of Comilla, Sylhet and Saidpur. At times, Wing Commander Kaul had to fly as low as 200 feet over the most heavily defended enemy locations. Undaunted, he flew through these barrages, making repeated runs in each of his missions, and successfully completed the task. On 4th December, 1971, Wing Commander Kaul again volunteered for another task, to photograph the Tezgaon and Kurmitola airfields. His reconnaissance flights over these two airfields, in the face of the most sustained and heavy enemy ground fire stand out as acts of heroism, extreme gallantry and devotion to duty. In addition to his reconnaissance exploits, Wing Commander Kaul led the very first eight aircraft strike mission over Dacca. In this raid, his formation encountered four enemy aircraft near the target area. With exemplary leadership, Wing Commander Kaul maneuvered his force in such a manner that two of the enemy aircraft were shot down and the other two fled. The target thus became clear for attack. Throughout the period of operations Wing Commander Swaroop Krishna Kaul displayed conspicuous gallantry, determination and professional skill.''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* "[https://web.archive.org/web/20061113172233/http://www.kashmirsentinel.com/mar2003/4.html Air Chief Marshal Swaroop Kishna Kaul]", by B.N. Sharga, ''Kashmir Sentinel'', March 2003 (retrieved 11 September 2006).

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Bipin Chandra Joshi]]}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee]]
| years = 20 November 1994 – 31 December 1995}}
{{s-aft
| after =[[Shankar Roychowdhury]]}}
{{succession box
|before=[[Nirmal Chandra Suri]]
|title=[[Chief of the Air Staff (India)]]
|years=1993–1995
|after=[[Satish Sareen]]}}
{{end}}
{{Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee}}
{{Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaul, S. K.}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:Chiefs of the Air Staff (India)|Kaul, Swaroop Krishna]]
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Pandits]]
[[Category:Indian Air Force air marshals]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Maha Vir Chakra]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Air attachés for India]]

Sawad, Bhiwandi

2025-10-04T10:47:10Z

Rishank124: Starting new data - done

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sawad
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.2994175|N|73.1511872|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thane district|Thane]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bhiwandi]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 17
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1419
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 552634
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sawad''' is a village in the [[Thane district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Bhiwandi]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |accessdate=2015-08-17 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Sawad has 283 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 79.83%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2015-08-17 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 1419 || 723 || 696
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 219 || 108 || 111
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 22 || 9 || 13
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 18 || 9 || 9
|-
| Literates || 958 || 556 || 402
|-
| Workers (all) || 505 || 417 || 88
|-
| Main workers (total) || 389 || 332 || 57
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 130 || 111 || 19
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 39 || 34 || 5
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 18 || 10 || 8
|-
| Main workers: Other || 202 || 177 || 25
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 116 || 85 || 31
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 13 || 7 || 6
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 69 || 49 || 20
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 3 || 2 || 1
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 31 || 27 || 4
|-
| Non-workers || 914 || 306 || 608
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Bhiwandi taluka}}

[[Category:Villages in Bhiwandi taluka]]

Udasi

2025-10-02T13:24:23Z

Rishank124: Structure improved and content revised

{{Short description|Early sect of Sikhism}}
{{for|people named Udasi|Udasi (surname)}}
{{Infobox religious group
|group=Udasipanth {{Small|ਉਦਾਸੀਪੰਥ}}
|founder = [[Sri Chand]]
|religions = [[Hinduism]] • [[Sikhism]]
|image = Portrait of two Udasi mendicants of Sikhism in Delhi, Shepherd & Robertson (possibly), ca.1859–69.png
|image_caption = Portrait of two Udasi mendicants of Sikhism in Delhi, Shepherd & Robertson (possibly), ca.1859–69
|regions = [[Punjab]] • [[Sindh]] • [[Uttarakhand]] • [[Uttar Pradesh]] • [[Orissa]] • [[Nepal]]
|scriptures = [[Guru Granth Sahib|Guru Adi Granth Sahib]] • [[Hindu texts|Hindu Granths]]

}}
{{Udasi}}

'''Udasis''' ([[Gurmukhi]]: ਉਦਾਸੀ ਸੰਪਰਦਾ; ''udāsī saparadā'') ([[Devanagari]]: उदासी संप्रदाय), also spelt as '''Udasins<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Kalhoro |first=Zulfiqar Ali |date=14 December 2018 |title=Udasi Sikh Saints of Sindh |url=https://www.academia.edu/38014703 |website=Originally published on The Friday Times, republished on Academia.edu}}</ref>''', also known as '''Nanak Putras''' (meaning "sons of Nanak"),<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |last1=Jabeen |first1=Asia |last2=Munir |first2=Mazhar |date=December 2021 |title=Refurbishment of Gurdwara Baba Bhuman Shah Dipalpur, District Okara |url=https://pjsr.com.pk/ojs/index.php/PJSR/article/download/279/105 |journal=Pakistan Journal of Social Research |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=52–66 |doi=10.52567/pjsr.v3i4.279 |issn=2710-3129 |eissn=2710-3137 |doi-access=free |archive-date=2023-05-22 |access-date=2023-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522035656/https://pjsr.com.pk/ojs/index.php/PJSR/article/download/279/105 |url-status=dead }}</ref> are a religious [[Sects of Sikhism|sect]] of ascetic ''[[sadhu]]s'' centred in northern [[India]] who follow a tradition known as '''Udasipanth'''.<ref name=":5" /> Becoming custodians of Sikh shrines in the 18th century,<ref name="JSH_1993"/> they were notable interpreters and spreaders of the [[Sikhism#Philosophy and teachings|Sikh philosophy]] during that time.<ref name="PSLEF_2014">{{cite book |editor-first1=Pashaura |editor-last1=Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CzYeAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA376 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |editor-first2=Louis E. |editor-last2=Fenech |publisher=OUP Oxford |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-100412-4 |pages=375–376}}</ref> However, their religious practices border on a syncretism of [[Sikhism]] and [[Hinduism]], and they did not conform to the [[Khalsa]] standards as ordained by [[Guru Gobind Singh]].<ref name="Fazal2014"/> When the Lahore [[Singh Sabha]] reformers, dominated by [[Tat Khalsa]] Sikhs, would hold them responsible for indulging in ritual practices antithetical to Sikhism, as well as personal vices and corruption, the Udasi [[mahant]]s were expelled from the Sikh shrines.<ref name="Fazal2014">{{cite book |author=Tanweer Fazal |title="Nation-state" and Minority Rights in India: Comparative Perspectives on Muslim and Sikh Identities |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1WwtBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA113 |date=1 August 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-75179-3 |pages=113 }}</ref><ref name=ks542>{{cite book|editor1=Pashaura Singh|editor2=Louis E. Fenech|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CzYeAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT542|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-100412-4|pages=542–543}}</ref><ref name="SinghFenech2014p28">{{cite book|editor1=Pashaura Singh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies|editor2=Louis E. Fenech|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-969930-8|pages=28–29, 73–76}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
Udasi and Udasin is derived from the Sanskrit word ''Udāsīn'', which means one who is indifferent to or disregardful of worldly attachments, a stoic, or a mendicant.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |title=The encyclopaedia of Sikhism |date=1992–1998 |publisher=Punjabi University |editor=Harbans Singh |isbn=0-8364-2883-8 |volume=4 |location=Patiala |page=377 |oclc=29703420}}</ref><ref name=":6" /> The word ''Udasi'' is derived from the Sanskrit word {{Lang|sa-latn|udasin}},<ref name="Oberoi1994p78">{{cite book |first=Harjot |last=Oberoi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1NKC9g2ayJEC&pg=PA78 |title=The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-226-61592-9 |pages=78–80}}</ref> meaning 'detached, journey', reflecting an approach to spiritual and temporal life,<ref name="PSLEF_2014" /> or from {{Lang|sa-latn|udas}} ('detachment'), signifying indifference to or renunciation of worldly concerns.<ref name="DNL_1995">{{cite book |author=David N. Lorenzen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rpSxJg_ehnIC&pg=PA57 |title=Bhakti Religion in North India: Community Identity and Political Action |publisher=SUNY Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-7914-2025-6 |pages=57 |author-link=David N. Lorenzen}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Fresco of Sri Chand from Akhara Bala-Nand, Amritsar.jpg|thumb|Fresco of Sri Chand from Akhara Bala-Nand, Amritsar]]
According to myth, the sect was established in the [[Puranic chronology|Puranic]] age but historically speaking, the sect was founded by and based on the teachings of [[Guru Nanak]]'s elder son [[Sri Chand]] (1494–1629, other sources give a death year of 1643).<ref name=":1" /> Sri Chand, contrary to his father's emphasis on participation in society, propagated ascetic renunciation and celibacy.<ref name="PSLEF_2014"/> Another Sikh tradition links the Udasis to [[Baba Gurditta]], the eldest son of [[Guru Hargobind]], and there is dispute on whether the Udasis originated with Sri Chand or Gurditta.{{sfn|Oberoi|1994|p=78}} Another viewpoint is that Sri Chand was the founder of the sect and passed the leadership to Baba Gurditta as his successor.''<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |title=The encyclopaedia of Sikhism |date=1992–1998 |publisher=Punjabi University |editor=Harbans Singh |isbn=0-8364-2883-8 |volume=2 |location=Patiala |pages=144–145 |oclc=29703420}}</ref>''

They maintain their own parallel line of gurus from Guru Nanak, followed by Sri Chand, followed by Gurditta.<ref name="PSLEF_2014"/> They first came to prominence in the 17th century,<ref name="Oberoi1994p78"/> and gradually began to manage Sikh shrines and establishments in the 18th century,<ref name="JSH_1993"/> from where they espoused a model of Sikhism that diverged considerably from that of the [[Khalsa]].<ref name="Oberoi1994p78"/> The Udasis started receiving state-patronage from Sikh rulers in the late 18th century, with revenue-free land being bestowed to them.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last=Grewal |first=J. S. |title=The Sikhs of the Punjab |date=Oct 8, 1998 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521637640 |pages=96–97}}</ref> This allowed the Udasis to establish their ''[[Akhara|akharas]]'', many of which were founded around the same time, such as the Brahm Buta near [[Golden Temple|Darbar Sahib]] in Amritsar.<ref name=":9" />

They would set up establishments across North India through to Benares, where they would come to be joined with monastic asceticism.<ref name="Oberoi1994p78" /> The combination of Hindu gods and the Sikh religious text indicated that the sect evolved over time under many historical influences and conditions,<ref name="PSLEF_2014" /> interpreting the message of [[Guru Granth Sahib]] in monistic [[Vedanta|Vedantic]] terms.{{sfn|Singh|Fenech|2014|p=376}}<ref name="JSG_1998" /> They were initially largely based in urban centers where they set up their establishments, or ''akharas'', only beginning to spread into rural areas during Sikh rule;<ref name="PSLEF_2014" /> before, they had around a dozen centres; by the end of Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]]'s reign, the number had increased to around 250.<ref name="JSG_1998">{{cite book |author=J. S. Grewal |title=The Sikhs of the Punjab |url=https://archive.org/details/sikhsofpunjab0000grew |url-access=registration |year=1998 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-63764-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/sikhsofpunjab0000grew/page/116 116] }}</ref> The Udasis widely propagated its form of Sikh philosophy, and during the 18th and early-19th centuries, their teachings attracted a large number of people to the Sikh fold.<ref name="PSLEF_2014" /> According to early [[Gurbilases|Gurbilas literature]] and some modern scholars, Guru Gobind Singh had employed a large number of armed, militant Udasi asectics prior to the construction of the forts of Anandpur Sahib. It has been posited that Guru Gobind Singh initiated the Khalsa in order to amalgamate the nirgun bhakti beliefs of the [[Ramanandi]]s and the martial traditions of the growing number of armed mahants.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fenech |first=Louis E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nPYTEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA65 |title=The Cherished Five in Sikh History |date=2021-01-14 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-753286-7 |pages=65 |language=en}}</ref>

Before the emergence of the [[Singh Sabha Movement]] in the late 19th century, they controlled important Sikh shrines, including the [[Golden Temple|Harimandir Sahib]], generally known also as the Golden Temple, for a short while.<ref name="Oberoi1994p78"/><ref name="DNL_1995"/> However, during the [[Akali movement]] of the 20th century, the [[Tat Khalsa]] Sikhs expelled them from the Sikh shrines, accusing them of vices and of indulging in ritual practices that were against the teachings of the Sikh gurus. The [[Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925|Sikh Gurdwara Reform Act, 1925]] defined the term "Sikh" in a way that excluded the syncretic groups like Udasis, [[Nanakpanthi]]s, and other groups who maintained transitional identities.<ref name="Fazal2014"/> Subsequently, the Udasis increasingly identified themselves as Hindus rather than Sikhs.<ref name="JSH_1993">{{cite book |author1=John Stratton Hawley |author2=Gurinder Singh Mann |title=Studying the Sikhs: Issues for North America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fWJGAECpClsC&pg=PA182 |year=1993 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-1426-2 |page=182 }}</ref>

== Practices ==
[[File:Fresco depicting a congregation of Udasis from the Sangalwala Akhara in Amritsar, Punjab.jpg|thumb|Fresco depicting a congregation of Udasis from the Sangalwala Akhara in Amritsar, Punjab]]
According to 18th-century descriptions, they either cut or matted their hair under a turban, rather than knot it under a turban like Khalsas, and instead of the Khalsa emphasis on the ''[[panj kakkar]]'' garb and sporting arms, their dress code would include items such as a cap, a cotton bag, a flower rosary, a vessel made of dried pumpkin, a chain around the waist, ash to smear on their body, and a deerskin upon which to perform [[hatha yoga]], resulting in an extremely divergent appearance from Khalsa Sikhs in the eighteenth century.<ref name="Oberoi1994p78"/> In addition to not consider the Khalsa's [[Rehat Maryada]] to be binding on them,<ref name="DNL_1995"/> their modes of thought and attitude towards salvation also differed significantly. The Khalsa believed that salvation could be attained while taking part in society and pursuing secular objectives like political power and accumulation of resources like agrarian land, though this had to be accomplished within a particular framework of beliefs and spiritual practices, chief among which was the societal order and structure of the Khalsa. The Udasis considered secular pursuits to be incompatible with personal salvation, which was to be achieved only through renouncing the world,<ref name="Oberoi1994p78"/> espousing asceticism and a monastic traveler lifestyle. Udasis are known for their ''[[akhara]]s'' along with the [[Nirmala (sect)|Nirmala]] sect of Sikhism.

The Udasis also worship the [[panchayatana puja|panchayatana]], the five Hindu deities: [[Shiva]], [[Vishnu]], [[Durga]], [[Ganesha]], and [[Surya]].<ref>{{cite book |author=James G. Lochtefeld |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kl0DYIjUPgC&pg=PA61 |year=2002 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8 |pages=61 }}</ref>

== Factions ==
[[File:Painting of a "Naga" Udasi ascetic from a folio of a manuscript of the Silsilah-i-Jogiyan, ca.1800.jpg|thumb|Painting of a "Naga" Udasi ascetic from a folio of a manuscript of the Silsilah-i-Jogiyan, ca.1800]]
There are various sub-sects within the Udasis, some of them being:<ref name=":1" />

* [[Bhai Almast|Almast]] ''dhūāṅ''{{efn|The word ''dhūāṅ'' means hearth.}}
* Phūl ''dhūāṅ''
* Goind (or Gondā) ''dhūāṅ''
* [[Bhai Balu Hasna|Bālū Husnā]] ''dhūāṅ''
* Naga (Nāngā), followers of this sect remain naked except for a brass chain worn around the waist.

=== ''Bakhshishāṅ'' sects ===
[[File:'Suthrasahi, an order of Sikh ascetics', a painting from the Tashrih al-aqvam, circa 1825.jpg|thumb|'Suthrasahi, an order of Sikh ascetics', a painting from the ''Tashrih al-Aqvam'', circa 1825]]
After the four ''dhūāṅs'', another sub-sect of Udasis emerged known as ''Bakhshishāṅ.'' There were six prominent groups of this type, them namely being:<ref name=":1" />

* ''Bhagat Bhagvanie'' (followers of Bhagat Bhagvan)
* ''Suthrashahie'' (followers of Suthrashah)
* ''Sangat Sahibie'' (followers of Sangat Sahib)
* ''Mihan Shahie'' or ''Mihall Dasie'', so called after ''Mihan'', the title conferred by Guru Tegh Bahadur on Ramdev
* ''Bakht Mallie'' (followers of Bakht Mall)
* ''Jit Mallie'' (followers of Jit Mall)

== Places of worship ==
{{anchor | Udasi akhara | Udasi Akhara}}[[File:Temple inside Udasi Akhada -KTM -11-Tripureswar by ST (6).JPG|thumb|350px|right|An Udasi shrine in [[Nepal]]]]Places of worship associated with Udasis are known as ''[[akhara]]s'' or ''[[Durbar (court)|darbars]]''.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Kalhoro |first=Zulfiqar Ali |date=2023-03-04 |title=Temples And Darbars Of Garhi Yasin |url=https://www.thefridaytimes.com/2023/03/04/temples-and-darbars-of-garhi-yasin/ |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=The Friday Times - Naya Daur |language=en-US}}</ref> The latter term finds heavy usage in Sindh.<ref name=":8" /> The title of a leader of an Udasi akhara or darbar is ''[[mahant]]'', but some groups prefer to use the term ''[[Gaddi Nashin]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Bhupinder |date=October–December 2020 |title=Nanakpanthis |url=https://www.sikhinstitute.org/oct_2020/8_bhupinder.html |journal=Abstracts of Sikh Studies |publisher=Institute of Sikh Studies |volume=XXII |issue=4 |archive-date=2024-09-28 |access-date=2023-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928075215/https://www.sikhinstitute.org/oct_2020/8_bhupinder.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":8" /> The term for a follower or student at an Udasi site is ''chela''.<ref name=":8" />

=== Akhara ===
The word ''[[akhara]]'' is traditionally associated with wrestling but it implies a different meaning as used by Sikh sects like the Udasis and [[Nirmala (sect)|Nirmalas]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last1=Teja |first1=Charanjit Singh |last2=Kumar |first2=Sunil |date=16 January 2021 |title=Dens of belief: Akharas of Amritsar |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/dens-of-belief-akharas-of-amritsar-198715 |archive-date=17 May 2023 |access-date=17 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517185706/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/dens-of-belief-akharas-of-amritsar-198715 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Another word used for Udasi centres of spirituality is ''[[Dera (organization)|dera]]''.<ref name=":2" /> Traditionally, the Udasis claim Sri Chand as being the establisher of many akharas but historically, they first appeared in the mid-18th century when Mahant Nirvan Pritam Das established the Panchayti akhara in 1779, as per Sikh historian [[Kahn Singh Nabha]] in the ''[[Mahan Kosh]]''.<ref name=":2" /> Mahant Nirvan Pritam Das also founded ''akhara'' centres in Kashi Kankhal ([[Haridwar]]) and other places of [[Hindu pilgrimage sites|Indic pilgrimage sites]].<ref name=":2" />

Traditionally, there were four Udasi centres (''[[akhara]]s'' or ''dhuans'') with each controlling a certain preaching area; [[Nanakmatta]], [[Kashmir]], [[Malwa (Punjab)]] and [[Doaba]]. An Udasi akhara, named Dera Baba Bhuman Shah, dedicated to the Udasi saint [[Bhumman Shah|Bhuman Shah]] was formerly located in [[Behlolpur (Okara)|Behlolpur]] in [[Pakistan]] but it has since been abandoned since the [[Partition of India|1947 partition of India]].<ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kalra |first1=Virinder S. |title=Beyond Religion in India and Pakistan: Gender and Caste, Borders and Boundaries |last2=Purewal |first2=Navtej K. |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2019 |isbn=9781350041769 |series=Bloomsbury Studies in Religion, Gender, and Sexuality |pages=59 |quote=Some members of the Watu family, large landholders in the area, told of how their elders would visit the haveli of Bhuman Shah, which was a large Udaasi Akhara (though now in a state of ruin) again perhaps 40 kilometres from Daud Bandegi.}}</ref>

==== Amritsar ====
[[File:Photograph titled 'A Temple in Amritsar' taken in 1859 by Felice Beato. Identified as the original Udasi shrine of the Sangalwala Akhara in Amritsar.jpg|thumb|Photograph titled 'A Temple in Amritsar' taken in 1859 by [[Felice Beato]]. Identified as the original Udasi shrine of the Sangalwala Akhara in Amritsar.]]
At one point, there were a total of 12 Udasi ''akharas'' in the city of [[Amritsar]]. They are as follows:<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Harbans |title=The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala |year=1995 |isbn=9788173801006 |volume=1: A-D |pages=413–416}}</ref>

* Akhara Tehal Das, now abandoned.
* Akhara Mahant Bala Nand, founded in 1775, rebuilt in 1888 as a three-storied structure by Mahant Bhishambar Prashad. It was a centre of [[Sanskrit]] learning until 1984.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kang |first=Kanwarjit Singh |date=10 September 2017 |title=Akhara murals gasp for a breath of air |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/arts/akhara-murals-gasp-for-a-breath-of-air-464791}}</ref>
* Akhara Kashi Wala, founded by Mahant Narain Das in 1795, located near Darwaza Sultanvind.
* Akhara Shatte Wala, originally named Akhara Parag Das.
* Akhara Brahm Buta, said to be the oldest akhara of the city. Sri Chand is said to have stayed here when he visited the city during the [[Guru Gaddi|guruship]] of [[Guru Ram Das]]. Mahant Nirban Santokh Das was associated with this akhara.
* Akhara Bibbeksar, founded by Mahant Balak Nath, later shifted to Haridwar.
* Akhara Kashi Wala of Gheo Mandi, founded by Mahant Sharan Das during the first half of the 19th century. It was founded on land gifted by Maharaja Ranjit Singh that belonged to the village of Tung. It remains active as an Udasi spiritual centre.
* Sanglan Wala Akhara, founded by Mahant Pritam Das in 1788 in Bazaar Mai Sevan.
* Akhara Chitta, founded by Mahant Ganga Ram Viakarani in Bazaar Mai Sevan during the [[Sikh Confederacy|Sikh Misl]] period.
* Akhara Ghamand Das
* Akhara Mahant Prem Das
* Akhara Sarigalvala
* Akhara Karishivala, near Darwaza Ghi Mandi
* Akhara Babeksar
* Akhara Samadhiarivala

=== Structure and layout ===
A ''deori'' is the gateway to site.<ref name=":22" /> A ''dhuna'' or ''dhuan'' refers to a hearth where Udasi followers practice [[Yoga|yogic]] activities and other religious practices, such as [[Dhyana in Hinduism|adhna]] and [[Yajna|yagya]].<ref name=":2" /> A ''dhuni'' refers to a campfire where a sacred fire occurs.<ref name=":6" /> Every Udasi place of worship contains a flag called a ''gerua'', which is the colour of red-ochre and topped with wings from a peacock.<ref name=":2" /> A ''thara'' is a place where sacred verses are recited.<ref name=":22" /> A ''[[Dharamshala (type of building)|dharamshala]]'' are guesthouses where pilgrims and visitors would stay.<ref name=":22" /> ''[[Langar (Sikhism)|Langar khana]]'' refers to the area where a free kitchen is carried out.<ref name=":22" />

== Music ==
[[File:Narsingha or Ransingha ('war trumpets') Udasi Sikh Mahants await the Prince of Wales on his visit to Amritsar, ca.1905.jpg|thumb|Narsingha or Ransingha ('war trumpets') Udasi Sikh Mahants await the Prince of Wales on his visit to Amritsar, ca.1905.]]
The term ''Gawantaris'' refers to Udasi musicians.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Teja |first=Charanjit Singh |date=27 July 2019 |title=Meet the family that has been making musical instruments since eight generations |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/meet-the-family-that-has-been-making-musical-instruments-since-eight-generations-809079 |access-date=10 August 2023}}</ref> A commonly played instrument of the Udasis is the ''[[Ransingha|Narasingha]]'' horn, used to inform the public about religious processions.<ref name=":0" />

== Literature ==
[[File:Folio of a manuscript of 'Matra Sahib', attributed to Sri Chand (5).jpg|thumb|Folio of a manuscript of ''Matra Sahib'', attributed to Sri Chand]]
An Udasi saint and direct descendant of Guru Nanak named Sukhbasi Ram Bedi (1758–1848) was responsible for authoring literary work in verse titled ''Guru Nanak Bans Prakash'' documenting the life of Guru Nanak and his descendants.<ref name=":022">{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Bhupinder |date=October–December 2019 |title=Genealogy of Guru Nanak |url=https://sikhinstitute.org/oc_2019/colbhupindersingh.html |journal=Abstracts of Sikh Studies |publisher=Institute of Sikh Studies, Chandigarh |volume=21 |issue=4 |archive-date=2023-06-02 |access-date=2023-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602073320/https://sikhinstitute.org/oc_2019/colbhupindersingh.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Distribution ==
Today's Udasi are predominantly located in [[northwestern India]], especially around [[Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Gujarat]], and cities like [[Haridwar]] and [[New Delhi]]; they are divided into three major groups:
* Niya (New) Udasi Panchayati Akarda
* Bara (Big) Udasi Panchayati Akarda
* Nirmal Udasi Panachayati Akarda

=== In Sindh ===
{{Further information|Sikhism in Sindh}}

Sindh has a large number of people who may be best described as Udasis.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Kalhoro |first=Zulfiqar Ali |date=26 May 2013 |title=The Sikhs of Sindh |url=https://sikhchic.com/history/the_sikhs_of_sindh |website=Originally published on The Friday Times, republished on SikhChic}}</ref> The area of northern Sindh was especially influenced by Udasipanth.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Inderjeet |date=2017-03-24 |title=Sindhi Hindus & Nanakpanthis in Pakistan |url=http://www.sikhnet.com/news/sindhi-hindus-nanakpanthis-pakistan |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=SikhNet |language=en}}</ref> The Udasi temples of Sindh are known as [[Durbar (court)|''darbars'']].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /> It is said that Sri Chand himself visited [[Thatta District|Thatta]] in Sindh, where a darbar commemorates his stay.<ref name=":3" /> Sri Chand travelled to Sindh in the second half of the 16th century during the reign of the [[Tarkhan dynasty]].<ref name=":6" /> He established a dhuni (campfire) at [[Rohri]] and another at Faqir Jo Goth, the latter of which is around 5 kilometres from [[Thatta]].<ref name=":6" />

After the passing of Gurditta, the second Udasi leader, the leadership passed to four preachers, with Bhai Almast being one of these four.<ref name=":6" /> Almast travelled to Sindh, where he conducted missionary activities and successfully converted many Sindhis to the Udasipanth.<ref name=":6" /> His place of residence was at Rohri, at the dhuni established by Sri Chand.<ref name=":6" /> Those newly converted appended ''Ram'' or ''Das'' to the end of their names.<ref name=":6" /> The ''mahants'' (who appended the prefix Bava or Bao, meaning "ascetic" at the beginning of their names and refer to their title of leadership as ''[[Gaddi Nashin|Gadhisar]]'') of the Baba Sri Chand Darbar (colloquially known as Raj Ghaat) in Faqir Jo Goth, such as the first mahant, Bava Balkram Das, conducted missionary activities in the area and faraway (even as distant as Nepal) as did his successors.<ref name=":6" /> His two successors, Bava Pooran Das and Bava Lachman Das, were not only missionaries but also masters at [[hatha yoga]].<ref name=":6" /> Sikhism became popularised in Sindh due to the missionary works of these Udasi saints.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Takhar |first1=Opinderjit Kaur |title=Global Sikhs: Histories, Practices and Identities |last2=Jakobsh |first2=Doris R. |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2023 |isbn=9781000847352 |series=Routledge Critical Sikh Studies |quote=Unlike Sufi shrines, the Sindhi mandir has escaped academic attention in the tracing of pre-partition syncretic traditions partially because of the geographical boundaries of Sikh and Panjab studies. The history of Sikhism in Sindh and the appeal of particular forms of Sikhism among Sindhi mandir can provide a glimpse into the co-existence of Sikh and Hindu practices in the Sindhi mandir. It was Richard F. Burton who, in his book Sindh & the Races that Inhabit the Valley of the Indus (1851), "describes the curious mix of Hindu and Sikh practices among Sindhi Hindus". He observes that "they show a general tendency towards the faith of Nanak Shah, and that many castes have so intermingled the religion of the Sikhs with their original Hinduism, that we can scarcely discern the line of demarcation (1851)." The historical reason for the prevalence of these syncretic practices in Sindh was due to the Sindhis being introduced to Sikhism by the Udasi panth popularized by Guru Nanak's son Sri Chand whose followers are known as Nanakpanthi Sikhs in Sindh. Nanakpanth refers to Sikhs who follow the teachings of Guru Nanak without observing the five Ks prescribed for Khalsa Sikhs and do not find Hinduism as conflictual with Sikhism. Unlike Nanakpanthis who follow the rituals of Hinduism, performed idol worship and are Hindus except that they kept Guru Granth Sahib in their places of worship, new categories of sikhs in Sindh who describe themselves as Gursikhs claim to bow their heads only in front of the Guru Granth Sahib.}}</ref><ref name=":5">Jatt, Zahida. (2018). Devotion Transcending Regional Boundaries: An Exploration of the Origin, Adaption and Development of Udasipanth in Sindh. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322343647_Devotion_Transcending_Regional_Boundaries_An_Exploration_of_the_Origin_Adaption_and_Development_of_Udasipanth_in_Sindh</ref><ref name=":4" /> Udasi temples in Sindh typically houses both the Guru Granth Sahib as well images of various Hindu deities.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Falzon |first=M. A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mzh7EAAAQBAJ&dq=sindhi+guru+granth+sahib&pg=PT23 |title=Selling Anything Anywhere: Sindhis and Global Trade |date=2022-07-25 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5492-578-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> There is said to be an Udasi temple dedicated to a saint in every town and city of Sindh.<ref name=":6" /> During the reign of the [[Talpur dynasty|Talpur]] Mirs of [[Khairpur (princely state)|Khairpur]] (1783–1955), many Udasi darbars were constructed and Udasi saints were accepted to settle in the state.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Kalhoro |first=Zulfiqar Ali |date=21 December 2018 |title=Mirs and Minorities |url=https://www.academia.edu/38046277 |website=Originally published on The Friday Times, republished on Academia.edu}}</ref>[[File:Photograph of the Sadh Belo complex in Sindh, ca.1940.jpg|thumb|Photograph of the Sadh Belo complex in Sindh, ca.1940]]A darbar at Godhu Shah in Khairpur (known as the Godhu Shah Darbar, Nanga Darbar, or Gurpota Darbar) is believed to have been founded by a grandson of one of the Sikh gurus (''Gurpota'') whom became an Udasi under the guidance of a mahant, it is associated with the Nanga sect of Udasis.<ref name=":7" /> Another Udasi saint who spread the faith in Sindh was Rai Sahib Gokal Singh, who established a darbar in Gokalpur Kot in Garhi Yashin.<ref name=":8" /> Baba Wasti Ram, an Udasi saint, established a darbar in Garhi Yasin town.<ref name=":8" /> Baba Wasti Ram and his successors, Baba Khushi Ram Sahib (a talented mystic), Baba Agya Ram (established a darbar in Aurangabad village), and Baba Piyara Ram (established in a darbar in Maari village), spread the Udasi teachings in the [[Shikarpur District|Shikarpur]] area.<ref name=":8" /> One prominent Udasi saint, [[Bankhandi]], originally from either Nepal or near Delhi, was the founder of [[Sadh Belo]] in [[Sukkur District|Sukkur]], Sindh in 1823.<ref name=":13">{{Cite news |last=Memon |first=Sarfaraz |date=26 June 2022 |title=Sindh's Sadh Belo Temple |work=T-Magazine |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2363411/culture-and-hertiage}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite web |last=Rasheed |first=Shaikh Abdul |date=2017-09-18 |title=Sadh Belo Temple the most frequented religious site |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/116400/sadh-belo-temple-the-most-frequented-religious-site/ |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=Daily Times |language=}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=Sadhu Bela: Pakistan's temple island you won't forget |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/sadhu-bela-pakistans-temple-island-you-wont-forget-1.2177507 |website=gulfnews.com|date=22 February 2018 }}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |last=Jatt |first=Zahida Rehman |date=June 12, 2018 |title=Sadh Belo temple: an abode of Udasipanth in Sindh |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1413676 |website=dawn.com}}</ref>
In recent times, veneration of the folk deity [[Jhulelal (Hinduism)|Jhulelal]] has crept into the practices of Udasi darbars in Sindh.<ref name=":6" /> The liberal attitude of Sindhi Muslims may have helped the Udasis take root in Sindh rather than being pushed out on the basis of religious intolerance and persecution.<ref name=":6" />

The most well-known Udasi darbars of Sindh are:<ref name=":6" />

* Baba Bankhandi Darbar at Sadh Belo, Sukkur
* Baba Sarup Das Darbar (alias Halani Darbar) at Naushero Feroz
* Khushi Ram Darbar at Rohri
* Samad Udasin at Shikarpur
* Chhat Darbar at Shikarpur
* Wadi Darbar at Pir Jo Goth
* Jumna Das Darbar

=== In Bengal ===
{{Further information|Sikhism in Bangladesh}}
[[File:Gurdwara Dhaka 1950 rear view.jpg|thumb|Photograph of ''[[Samadhi (shrine)|samadhs]]'' at the rear of Gurdwara Nanak Shahi, 1950. The gurdwara's establishment is traced to Udasis.]]
There are claims of [[Baba Gurditta]] visiting Bengal, where he established a ''manji'' in Shujatpur (presently the campus of [[University of Dhaka]]) which Gurditta traced to be the location in which Nanak resided during his stay in Bengal.<ref name="banglapedia2">{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Sikhs, The|author=Nasrin Akhter}}</ref> During the reign of [[Mughal emperor]] [[Jahangir]], [[Guru Hargobind]] dispatched Bhai Natha ([[Bhai Almast]]'s successor) to Bengal, who dug another well and also laid the foundation stone for the [[Gurdwara Nanak Shahi|Shujatpur Sikh Sangat]], a religious congregation.<ref name=":222">{{Cite book |last=Dhillon |first=Dalbir Singh |title=Sikhism: Origin and Development |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors |year=1988 |pages=137}}</ref><ref name="banglapedia2" /> Dalbir Singh Dhillon claims that the sixth guru had dispatched Bhai Almast to conduct missionary work in Bengal, whose original work was carried-on by Bhai Natha by the time of the ninth Sikh guru, Tegh Bahadur.<ref name=":222" /> Sangat Shutrashasi was a temple that belonged to the Suthrashahi sub-sect of the Udasi sect which was once located in Urdu Bazaar, but the Suthrashahi ''[[Sadhu|sadhus]]'' later destroyed it themselves.<ref name="banglapedia3">{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Sikhs, The|author=Nasrin Akhter}}</ref>

== Leaders ==
{{Expand section|Please add more of the leaders of the Udasi sect|date=February 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Name
{{Small|(Birth–Death)}}
!Portrait
!Term
!Reference(s)
|-
|1.
|[[Sri Chand]] {{Small|(1494 – 1629)}}
|[[File:Detail of Sri Chand from a painting depicting the ten Sikh Gurus with attendants (Bhai Bala, Bhai Mardana, Sri Chand, and possibly Lakhmi Das), Punjab, circa late 19th century (cropped).jpg|155x155px]]
|1494 – 1629
|<ref>{{Cite book |title=The encyclopaedia of Sikhism |date=1992–1998 |publisher=Punjabi University |editor=Harbans Singh |isbn=0-8364-2883-8 |volume=4 |location=Patiala |pages=377–379 |oclc=29703420 |quote=UDASI, an ascetical sect of the Sikhs founded by Sri Chand (1494-1629), the elder son of Guru Nanak.}}</ref>
|-
|2.
|[[Baba Gurditta]] {{Small|(1613 – 1638)}}
|[[File:Fresco painting of Baba Gurditta, the eldest son of the sixth Sikh guru, Guru Hargobind, and second leader of the Udasi sect succeeding Sri Chand, circa early 18th century.jpg|227x227px]]
|1629 – 1638
|<ref name=":02"/>
|-
|3.
|[[Bhai Almast|Almast]], Phūl, Goind (or Gondā) and [[Bhai Balu Hasna|Bālū Husnā]] {{Small|(four chief preachers appointed by Baba Gurditta for four new monastic seats)}}
|[[File:Sin foto.svg|200x200px]]
|?
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalhoro |first=Zulfiqar Ali |date=2021-02-18 |title=Samadhis of Pothohar |url=https://www.thefridaytimes.com/2021/02/19/samadhis-of-pothohar/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=The Friday Times - Naya Daur |language=en-US |quote=After the death of Baba Sri Chand, the guruship of the Udasipanth was transferred to Baba Gurditta and later to his four disciples Almast, Balu Hasne, Phul and Goinde – who preached the thought and ideology of their mentor in the Punjab and Sindh.}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Dhanadeva]] – an ancient inscription found in an Udasi shrine
* [[Sects of Sikhism]]
* [[Hindu denominations|Sects of Hinduism]]
* [[Sadh Belo]]
* [[Sri Chand Darbar]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.philtar.ac.uk/encyclopedia/sikhism/udas.html Udasis]

{{Sikhism}}

[[Category:Sikh groups and sects]]
[[Category:Asceticism]]

Samir Choughule

2025-09-21T06:54:03Z

Rishank124:

{{Short description|Indian actor & comedian (born 1973)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Samir Choughule
| image = SamirChoughule1.jpg
| caption = Choughule in 2016
| birth_name = Samir Diwakar Choughule
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1973|06|29}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]] (now [[Mumbai]]), [[Maharashtra]], India
| spouse = {{marriage|Kavita Choughule|1997}}<ref>{{cite news |title=काही वर्ष अफेअर, २५ वर्षांचा संसार अन्…; पडत्या काळात समीर चौगुलेला मिळाली पत्नीची साथ |url=https://www.loksatta.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/3076808/maharashtrachi-hasyajatra-show-actor-samir-choughule-filmy-style-love-story-see-details-kmd-95/ |access-date=17 September 2022 |work=[[Loksatta]] |date=August 17, 2022 |language=mr}}</ref>
| yearsactive = 1993–present
| known_for = Various roles in Maharashtrachi hasya jatra
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|writer|comedian}}
}}

'''Samir Diwakar Choughule''' (born 29 June 1973) is an Indian actor and writer from [[Mumbai]]. He is better known for his comedy roles, style and [[slapstick]] performance. From [[Indian television drama|daily soaps]] to comedy shows, from theater plays to movies, Samir has acted in [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Hindi]] and English shows. He is currently known for his role in ''[[Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra]]'' being telecasted on [[Sony Marathi]].

==Life and career==
Choughule did his schooling in Shailendra Education Society and later completed his graduation from [[M L Dahanukar College of Commerce]] in 1993. He was interested in sports, but started acting after his acting adventures in school and college gave him success and encouragement.<ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite web |url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/tv/sameer-chaughule-comedi-chi-bullete-train/articleshow/50230954.cms |title=Sameer Chaughule Comedi chi Bullete Train |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> After completing his education, Samir worked in [[Mumbai]] and later took a full-time acting career in 2002. Since then has acted in various dramas, TV serials and movies. He is a team lead on ''Maharashtrachi Hasya Jatra'' comedy show.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonyliv.com/details/show/6074325854001/Maharashtrachi-Hasya-Jatra-Vinodacha-Nava-Hangam|title=Maharashtrachi Hasya Jatra|website=[[SonyLIV]]}}</ref>

Choughule is also a regular contributor to [[Saamana]] e-paper under the column ''"Fulora"'' where he writes about the various flavors of life.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epaper.saamana.com/Details.aspx?id=43523&boxid=34940755 |title=Image view |website=Epaper.saamana.com |access-date=28 June 2016 |archive-date=18 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818155742/http://epaper.saamana.com/Details.aspx?id=43523&boxid=34940755 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Choughule grew up in [[Virar]]–[[Nallasopara]] area. He is married to Kavita and the couple lives in the same area.<ref>{{cite news |title=काही वर्ष अफेअर, २५ वर्षांचा संसार अन्…; पडत्या काळात समीर चौगुलेला मिळाली पत्नीची साथ |url=https://www.loksatta.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/3076808/maharashtrachi-hasyajatra-show-actor-samir-choughule-filmy-style-love-story-see-details-kmd-95/ |access-date=17 September 2022 |work=[[Loksatta]] |date=August 17, 2022 |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/business/property/propertytimes-sameer-chaughule-house/articleshow/50605577.cms |title=स्वप्नपूर्तीचं घर |work=[[Maharashtra Times]] |accessdate=15 November 2016 |date=16 June 2016}}</ref>

==Filmography==
Samir has appeared in lead role as well as special appearance in a few [[Marathi cinema|marathi Indian movies]]:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Language
!Role
!Notes
|-
|2005
|''[[Kaydyacha Bola]]''
|Marathi
|Thambi
|Special appearance
|-
|2008
|''[[Mumbai Meri Jaan]]''
|Hindi
|
|
|-
|2013
|''[[Aajcha Divas Majha]]''
|Marathi
|Satam
|
|-
|2015
|''[[Vakratunda Mahakaaya]]''
|Marathi
|Secretary
|
|-
|2015
|''[[A Paying Ghost]]''
|Marathi
|Ganpule
|
|-
|2016
|''Mumbai Time''
|Marathi
|
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Vikun Taak]]''
|Marathi
|
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zore |first1=Suyog |title=Vikun Taak review: Inconsistent and sloppy screenplay makes this a boring watch |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/vikun-taak-42612 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221101539/https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/vikun-taak-42612 |url-status=live |archive-date=21 February 2020 |access-date=17 September 2022 |work=Cinestaan |date=14 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''[[Chandramukhi (2022 film) |Chandramukhi]]''
|Marathi
|Battasha
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Seta |first1=Keyur |title=Chandramukhi teaser: Samir Choughule plays a passionate tamasha artiste |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2022/apr/7/33964/chandramukhi-teaser-samir-choughule-plays-a-passionate-tamasha-artiste |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171945/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2022/apr/7/33964/chandramukhi-teaser-samir-choughule-plays-a-passionate-tamasha-artiste |url-status=live |archive-date=20 September 2022 |access-date=17 September 2022 |work=Cinestaan |date=7 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
|''[[Bamboo (2023 film)|Bamboo]]''
|Marathi
|Shashikant Prabhulkar
|
|-
|''[[Jaggu Ani Juliet]]''
|Marathi
|Mr. Nimkar
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-10 |title=Jaggu Ani Juliet Marathi Movie Trailer, Release Date, Cast |url=https://www.boxofficebusiness.in/2023/01/jaggu-ani-juliet-trailer-release-date-cast.html |access-date=2023-05-18 }}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[Hoy Maharaja]]''
|Marathi
|Jignes
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Hoy Maharaja Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} होय महाराजा {{!}} Exclusive 2024 - Rang Marathi |url=https://rangmarathi.com/hoy-maharaja-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=9 April 2024 |date=9 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[Phullwanti]]''
|Marathi
|Wamanrao
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Gulkand (film)|Gulkand]]''
|Marathi
|Makrand Dhawale
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-22 |title='गुलकंद' निमित्ताने सचिन गोस्वामी-सचिन मोटे पुन्हा एकत्र, 'या' दिवशी प्रदर्शित होणार सिनेमा |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/sachin-goswami-and-sachin-mote-gulkand-movie-sai-tamhankar-prasad-oak-film-release-on-1st-may-a-a971/ |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref>
|}

==Theater work==
Samir is an actor in [[Marathi theatre|Marathi Theater]] and below are a few plays where he has acted in:
# ''Asa Mi Asa Mi''
# ''Varya Varchi varat''
# ''Vyakti Ani Valli''
# ''Yada kadachit''
# ''Chalre Bhoplya Tunuk Tunuk''
# ''Balak Palak''
# ''Shri Bai Samartha''
# ''Carry On Heavens'' (Hinglish drama by Bharat Dabholkar)
# ''Best of Bottoms Up'' (English Drama)
#''Hyancha Kaay Karaaycha''
#''Samya Samya Maifilit Mazya''

== TV appearances ==
Samir has also acted in a few TV serials:
# ''Tikal te Political'' (Political satire by Chandrakant Kulkarni)
# ''Aambat God''<ref>{{cite web |title=Ambat Goad 4 Days Remaining |date=6 December 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RC9OmokIuEE |website=[[YouTube]] |accessdate=28 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/samir-choughule/credits/900557/ |title=Samir Choughule |website=TV Guide |access-date=28 June 2016}}</ref> (Star Pravah)
# ''[[Honar Soon Mi Hya Gharchi]]'' (Zee Marathi)
# ''Comedychi Bullet Train'' (Colors Marathi)
# ''Kunku'' (Zee Marathi)
# ''[[Eka Lagnachi Dusri Goshta]]'' (Sameer)
# ''Aajke Shriman Shrimati'' (Hindi TV Serial)
# ''[[Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra]]'' (Sony Marathi)
# ''[[Saare Tujhyachsathi]]'' (Sony Marathi)
# ''Assa Maher Nako Ga Baai!'' (Dhongi Baba)
# Post Office Ughade Aahe (Nirgudkar)

==Awards and recognition==
# Sanskruti Kaladarpan Natya Vibhag – 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sanskrutikaladarpan.com/gaurav-rajni.html |title=Sanskruti Kaladarpan – Official website |website=Sanskrutikaladarpan.com |access-date=28 June 2016}}</ref>
# Zee Natya Gourav Puraskar 2015 – Best Comedy Actor for drama – ''[[Balak-Palak]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2kvs8y |title=Zee Natya Gaurav 2015 Award Winners Reaction-TV9 – Video Dailymotion |website=Dailymotion |access-date=28 June 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCNWkOw-E6E |title=Samir Choughule Dream Home - Saam Tv |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=1 March 2013 |accessdate=15 November 2016}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Choughule, Samir}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Marathi comedians]]
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi theatre]]

Dhadkai

2025-08-13T21:25:45Z

Rishank124: Started Initial Info From Scratch

{{short description|Village in Jammu and Kashmir, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dhadkai
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Dhadkahi
| settlement_type = Village
| image =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| coordinates = {{coord|33|04|20|N|75|51|13|E|display=inline,title|region:IN_type:city}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = Union territory
| subdivision_name1 = Jammu and Kashmir
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = Doda
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = Gandoh (Bhalessa)
| established_title =
| established_date =
| government_type =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = 2011<ref name="h557">{{cite web | title=Dhadkahi village Census Data 2011 | url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/api/tables/data/2011/PC11_PCA-TV/255?_source=dt&labels=indicator&state=1&district=16&subdistrict=64&town_village=4349&geo_level=4&format=csv | access-date=28 November 2024}}</ref>
| population_total = 1774
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym = Gujjar Muslims
| timezone1 = IST
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| website =
}}

'''Dhadkai''' (also '''Dhadkahi''') is a village in the [[Doda district]] of Jammu and Kashmir, India, known as the "Silent Village of India" due to the high prevalence of hearing and speech impairments in the community.<ref name="k052">{{cite web | title=India's "silent" village of deaf-mutes | website=Reuters | date=30 June 2009 | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyle/indias-silent-village-of-deaf-mutes-idUSTRE55T22Q/ | access-date=29 October 2024}}</ref>

== Location ==
Dhadkai is located in the Gandoh (Bhalessa) Tehsil, approximately 70 kilometers from Doda and 220 kilometers from [[Jammu]].<ref name="KO">{{cite news | title='Silent Village Of India' Finally Gets Special School | website=Kashmir Observer | date=17 May 2024 | url=https://kashmirobserver.net/2024/05/17/silent-village-of-india-finally-gets-special-school/ | access-date=29 October 2024}}</ref>

== Population ==
The village has a population of around 1,774 people, comprising 970 males and 804 females.<ref name="Qeios">{{cite journal| last1=Kathuria | first1=Dr. Sunita Joshi | last2=Sharma | first2=Saroj | title=The Noisy Silence of Deaf villagers of Dhadkai, Jammu, India: A Case Study | publisher=Qeios Ltd |journal= Qeios | date=14 November 2022 | doi=10.32388/sd6bee | doi-access=free | page=}}</ref>

=== Hearing impairments ===
A significant portion of the population is affected by a congenital disorder that causes severe hearing and speech disabilities. The first reported case of hearing and speech impairment in the village dates back to 1901.<ref name="KO"/><ref name="z443"/>

=== Local sign language ===
The villagers use a local sign language to communicate with each other. This language is based on gestures commonly used by the hearing population, facilitating communication between hearing and non-hearing villagers.<ref name="Qeios"/>

=== Genetic basis ===
Research has identified mutations in the OTOF, CLDN14, and SLC26A4 genes as major causes of hearing loss in Dhadkai.<ref name="z443">{{cite journal | last1=Pandey | first1=Nishtha | last2=Rashid | first2=Tabassum | last3=Jalvi | first3=Rajeev | last4=Sharma | first4=Meenakshi | last5=Rangasayee | first5=Raghunath | last6=Andrabi | first6=Khurshid Iqbal | last7=Anand | first7=Anuranjan | title=Mutations in OTOF, CLDN14 & SLC26A4 genes as major causes of hearing impairment in Dhadkai village, Jammu & Kashmir, India | journal=The Indian Journal of Medical Research | date=2017 | volume=146 | issue=4 | pages=489–497 | pmid=29434063 | doi=10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_635_15 | doi-access=free | pmc=5819031 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Doda district]]
[[Category:Doda district]]
[[Category:Chenab Valley]]

2021–22 Odisha Women's League

2025-08-12T04:24:30Z

Rishank124:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox football league season
|image =
|pixels =
|competition = [[Odisha Women's League]]
|season = 2021–22
|dates = 12 February - 15 March
|winners = [[Odisha Police]] (1st title) 
|relegated =
|continentalcup1 = [[Indian Women's League]]
|continentalcup1 qualifiers = [[Odisha Police]] [[Sports Odisha]]
|continentalcup2 =
|continentalcup2 qualifiers =
|matches = 30
|total goals = 101
|league topscorer =
|best goalkeeper =
|biggest home win =
|biggest away win =
|highest scoring = [[Odisha Police]] 9–0 [[Rising Students Club]] (28 February 2022)
|longest wins =
|longest unbeaten =
|longest winless =
|longest losses =
|highest attendance =
|lowest attendance =
|attendance =
|average attendance =
|prevseason = [[2020–21 Odisha Women's League|2020–21]]
|nextseason = [[2022–23 Odisha Women's League|2022–23]]
|updated =
}}

The '''2021–22 Odisha Women's League''' was the 9th edition of the [[Odisha Women's League]], the top Odia professional football league, since its establishment in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orisports.com/SheduleDetails.aspx?cId=NTcz|title=FAO Women's Football League|work=Orisports|date=28 August 2011|access-date=28 February 2021}}</ref> [[Rising Students Club]] are the defending champions. The league is organised by the [[Football Association of Odisha]] (FAO), the official football governing body of [[Odisha]], in association with the Department of Sports and Youth Services (DSYS) of the [[Government of Odisha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orisports.com/SheduleDetails.aspx?cId=Mjc4Ng==|title=Odisha Women Football League 2022|work=Orisports|date=12 February 2022|access-date=12 February 2022}}</ref>

On 10 February 2022, the jersey launch ceremony for the 2021–22 season was held in the presence of Principal Secretary of the [[Government of Odisha|Department of Sports and Youth Services]], Vineel Krishna, and the Honorary Secretary of the [[Football Association of Odisha]] (FAO), Avijit Paul, at the [[Kalinga Stadium]].<ref>{{cite tweet |user=sports_odisha|number=1491755210397519876|date=10 February 2022|title=Odisha Sports}}</ref> The captains and vice-captains of the six participating teams were also present during the jersey launch ceremony.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thesportslogon.com/body.php?page=news_details&news_id=%3ClqWkqKI%3D|title=6 teams to take part in the Odisha Women’s League|work=Sportslogon|date=10 February 2022|access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref> On 12 February 2022, Sailendra Kumar Jena, Joint Secretary of the [[Government of Odisha|Department of Sports and Youth Services]] and the guest of honour for the Opening Ceremony, declared the season open.<ref>{{cite tweet |user=FootballOdisha|number=1492478070246473729|date=12 February 2022|title=FA Odisha}}</ref> [[Odisha Police]] finished the season unbeaten and clinched their first ever Odisha Women's League title.<ref>{{cite tweet |user=FootballOdisha|number=1499787381612097536|date=4 March 2022|title=FA Odisha}}</ref>

==Teams==
{{location map+ |India Odisha|float=right
|width=270
|caption=Venues in Odisha
|places=
{{location map~ |India Odisha|lat=20.2879|long=85.8238|label= <div style="font-size:75%;position:relative;top:4px;">{{nobreak|'''[[Kalinga Stadium]]'''}}</div>|position=right}}
{{location map~ |India Odisha|lat=20.3034|long=85.8141|label= <div style="font-size:75%;position:relative;top:4px;">{{nobreak|'''[[Capital High School, Bhubaneswar|Capital High School Ground]]'''}}</div>|position=left}}
}}<section end=map />

===Personnel===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left; font-size:85%"
|-
!scope=col| Team
!scope=col| Head coach
!scope=col| Captain
|-
!scope=row style="text-align: left;| [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} Biswajit Padhiary
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Manisa Panna]]
|-
!scope=row style="text-align: left;| [[Government of Odisha|Odisha Government Press]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} Sirajuddin Khan
| {{flagicon|IND}} Sasmita Parida
|-
!scope=row style="text-align: left;| [[Odisha Police]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammad Shahid Jabbar]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pyari Xaxa]]
|-
!scope=row style="text-align: left;| [[Sports Odisha]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} Sarita Behera
| {{flagicon|IND}} Bannya Kabiraj
|-
!scope=row style="text-align: left;| [[Rising Students Club]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} Shaik Manzoor
| {{flagicon|IND}} Shradhanjali Panda
|-
!scope=row style="text-align: left;| [[Sports Authority of India|SAI-STC]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} Abarna Selvaraj
| {{flagicon|IND}} Pushpa Yadav
|}

==Standings==
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL

|source=[http://orisports.com/NewsDetails.aspx?nId=NzEzMg== Orisports] [https://twitter.com/FootballOdisha/status/1499787381612097536 FAO]
|update=complete
|team1=OP
|team2=SO
|team3=EC
|team4=RS
|team5=OG
|team6=SA
|result1=KO
|result2=KO

|win_SA=2 |draw_SA=0 |loss_SA=8 |gf_SA=4 |ga_SA=28
|win_RS=3 |draw_RS=0 |loss_RS=7 |gf_RS=10 |ga_RS=28
|win_OP=9 |draw_OP=1 |loss_OP=0 |gf_OP=45 |ga_OP=2
|win_SO=6 |draw_SO=2 |loss_SO=2 |gf_SO=17 |ga_SO=13
|win_EC=6 |draw_EC=1 |loss_EC=3 |gf_EC=19 |ga_EC=10
|win_OG=2 |draw_OG=0 |loss_OG=8 |gf_OG=6 |ga_OG=20

|status_OP=C

|name_OP=[[Odisha Police]]
|name_SA=[[Sports Authority of India|SAI-STC]]
|name_RS=[[Rising Students Club]]
|name_SO=[[Sports Odisha]]
|name_EC=[[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]
|name_OG=[[Government of Odisha|Odisha Government Press]]


|res_col_header=Q
|col_KO=#ccffcc |text_KO={{nobreak|Qualification for the '''[[2021–22 Indian Women's League season|2021–22 Indian Women's League]]'''}}
|class_rules = 1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) goal difference; 5) number of goals scored; 6) drawing of lots
}}

==Friendlies==
Odisha state under-18 women's team played developmental friendlies with [[Rising Students Club|Rising Student Club]], [[Government of Odisha|Odisha Government Press]], and [[Odisha Police]] and weren't a part of the points table.
{{Football box collapsible
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]
|date = 6 March 2022
|time =
|team1 = Odisha U18
|score = 2–1
|report = https://twitter.com/FootballOdisha/status/1500494560815828992
|team2 = [[Rising Students Club|Rising Student Club]]
|goals1 =
* Malati Munda
* Malati Munda
|goals2 =
*Subhadra Sahoo
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]]
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]
|date = 8 March 2022
|time =
|team1 = Odisha U18
|score = 1–0
|report = https://twitter.com/sports_odisha/status/1501235923727441920
|team2 = [[Government of Odisha|Odisha Government Press]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]]
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]]
|date = 11 March 2022
|time =
|team1 = Odisha U18
|score = 0–5
|report = https://twitter.com/sports_odisha/status/1501235923727441920
|team2 = [[Odisha Police]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]]
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Odisha Women's League}}
{{2021–22 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2021-21 Odisha Women's League}}
[[Category:Odisha Women's League]]
[[Category:Sports competitions in Odisha]]
[[Category:2021–22 in Indian football leagues|1]]
[[Category:2021–22 in Asian women's association football leagues]]

K. Udayakumar

2025-06-26T03:50:17Z

Rishank124: creating new bio w/ sources

{{short description|Indian volleyball player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = K. Udayakumar
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1960
| birth_place = [[Mararikulam]], [[Alappuzha]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| death_date = 19 September 2014
| death_place = Thiruvananthapuram
| restingplace = Mararikulam, Alappuzha
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Indian Police, ADC to Kerala Governor
| yearsactive =
| spouse = Lekha
| domesticpartner =
| children = Anjali Uday, Pallavi Uday
| parents = Karanuakara Kurup Ammani Amma
| website =
| awards = [[Arjuna Award]], [[G. V. Raja]] Award
}}
'''Karunakarakurup Udayakumar''' was an [[India men's national volleyball team]] player known for his allround skills at offence and defence and a member of the Indian volleyball team during what many consider as the golden era of Indian volleyball.<ref name="Udayakumar will be remembered for his allround skills">{{cite web | url= http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/udayakumar-will-be-remembered-for-his-allround-skills/article6428589.ece | title= Udayakumar will be remembered for his allround skills | work= The Hindu | date=19 September 2014 | access-date=20 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/mp/2004/10/07/stories/2004100701360400.htm|title=King cops plan a comeback|date=7 October 2004|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=21 July 2019}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> A former captain of the [[India men's national volleyball team|Indian national volleyball team]], Udayakumar was a member of the team, which included [[Jimmy George]] and [[Cyril C. Valloor]], that won the Bronze medal in the [[1986 Asian Games]] held in [[Seoul]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.qbtpl.net/ioa/new/medal_asian.htm|title=Indian Medal Winners in Asian Games|publisher=[[Indian Olympic Association]]|access-date=17 January 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722064659/http://www.qbtpl.net/ioa/new/medal_asian.htm|archive-date=22 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sportstaronnet.com/tss3251/stories/20091219502502200.htm|title=The prized bronze in Seoul}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu news">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/volleyball-player-k-udayakumar-passes-away-in-kerala/article6426368.ece | title=The Hindu news | work=The Hindu | date=19 September 2014 | access-date=20 September 2014}}</ref> Udayakumar played for the [[Kerala Police|Kerala police]] Volleyball team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keralapolicehistory.com/gllry3.html |title=Kerala Police history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520004609/http://www.keralapolicehistory.com/gllry3.html |archive-date=2011-05-20 }}</ref> The [[Government of India]], in 1991, honoured his services to Indian volleyball by bestowing on him, the second highest Indian sports award, the [[Arjuna Award]].

==Career==

Udayakumar was active in club level professional volleyball, too. Opening with [[Kerala State Electricity Board]] team, he played for [[Travancore Titanium]], before joining [[Kerala Police]] team, in 1985, where he ended his club career. In between, he also played for a professional team in Qatar for a while.<ref name="Malayala Manorama" />

After retirement as a player, he coached [[Dubai Police]] team and was also active at the organizational level. He was a member of the organising committee for the 2013 National Games held at [[Thiruvananthapuram]] in November – December 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.35thnationalgames.in/index.php/component/content/article/36-games-corpus-/55-orgcommitee|title=Organising committee, National Games|access-date=15 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630143830/http://www.35thnationalgames.in/index.php/component/content/article/36-games-corpus-/55-orgcommitee|archive-date=30 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Udayakumar's job career also followed his club commitments. Starting at Kerala State Electricity Board and a short stint at Travancore Titanium, he joined Kerala Police as a Deputy Superintendent of Police and rose in ranks to become the Aide de Camp to the Governor of Kerala.<ref name="The Hindu news" />

On 19 September 2014, Udayakumar suffered a massive cardiac arrest, while on duty as the aide de camp, and was declared dead, later, at the hospital.<ref name="Udayakumar will be remembered for his allround skills" /> He was married to Lekha, a teacher at the Christ Nagar School, and the couple had two daughters, Anjali and Pallavi.<ref name="Malayala Manorama">{{cite web | url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/news/just-in/ex-volleyball-star-udayakumar-dies.html | title=Malayala Manorama | publisher=Malayala Manorama | date=19 September 2014 | access-date=20 September 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921013420/http://english.manoramaonline.com/news/just-in/ex-volleyball-star-udayakumar-dies.html | archive-date=21 September 2014 }}</ref>

In 1991, he was conferred with the [[Arjuna Award]] for his contribution to the Indian volleyball.<ref name="The Hindu news" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm |title=Arjuna Awardees|date=2014|access-date=17 January 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071225221945/http://yas.nic.in/yasroot/awards/arjuna.htm |archive-date = 25 December 2007}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Jimmy George]]
* [[Cyril C. Valloor]]
{{portal|India}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Udayakumar, K}}
[[Category:Indian men's volleyball players]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:People from Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Volleyball players at the 1986 Asian Games]]
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Volleyball players from Kerala]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1986 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games volleyball players for India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in volleyball]]

List of Hindu temples in Guwahati

2025-03-22T16:06:36Z

Rishank124: Added Initial Location Basic Info...

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
There are many [[Hindu temples]] in [[Guwahati]], which is why it is also known as the "city of temples".{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} Notable temples include:-


{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name
! Locality
! Presiding deity
! Image
|-
|[[Basistha Temple]]
|[[Basistha]]
|[[Shiva]]
|[[File:Basistha Temple, Guwahati.jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[Dirgheshwari temple|Dirgheshwari Temple]]
|[[Amingaon]]
|[[Durga]]
|[[File:Dirgheswari Temple.jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[Doul Govinda Temple]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://humtydumty.in/content/doul-govinda-mandir-north-guwahati|title=Doul Govinda Mandir, North Guwahati|publisher=humtydumty.in|date=|access-date=2013-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014084930/http://www.humtydumty.in/content/doul-govinda-mandir-north-guwahati|archive-date=14 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|[[Rajaduar]]
|[[Krishna]]
|
|-
|[[Kamakhya Temple]]<ref>{{cite book |title=The Mother Goddess Kamakhya|last=Kakati |first=Banikanta |authorlink= |year=1989 |publisher=Publication Board, Guwahati |location= |isbn= |page= |pages= |url=}}</ref>
|[[Kamakhya, Guwahati|Kamakhya]]
|[[Kamakhya|Goddess Kamakhya]]
|[[File:Temple of Kamakhya.jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[Lankeshwar Temple]]
|Lankeshwar
|Shiva
|
|-
|[[Rudreswar Temple]]
|Mani Karneswar
|Shiva
|[[File:Rudreswar Devalaya.jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[Sukreswar Temple]]
|[[Pan Bazaar]]
|Shiva
|[[File:Sukreswar Devalaya.jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[Ugro Tara Temple]]
|Latasil
|[[Tara (Devi)|Goddess Tara]]
|[[File:Sri Sri Ugratara Devalaya.jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[Umananda Temple]]
|Peacock island
|Shiva
|
|-
|[[Shree Shyam Mandir, Guwahati]]
|A.T. Road, [[Chatribari]]
|[[Khatushyam]]
|-
|[[Navagraha temples#Navagraha temple in Assam|Navagraha Temple]]
|Chitrasal Hill, Silpukhuri
|[[Navagraha|Nine planet]]
|[[File:NAVAGRAHA TEMPLE GUWAHATI.jpg|100px]]
|}


==See also==
* [[List of temples in Bhubaneswar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Temples in Guwahati}}
[[Category:Lists of Hindu temples in India|Guwahati]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Guwahati|*]]
[[Category:Lists of tourist attractions in Assam|Guwahati temples]]
[[Category:Lists of religious buildings and structures by populated place|Guwahati]]

Indian Statistical Service

2025-01-24T10:16:29Z

Rishank124:

{{Short description|Government agency of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Indian Statistical Service
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 125px
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg
| insigniasize = 50px
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]
}}

The '''Indian Statistical Service''' (abbreviated as '''ISS''') ([[Hindi]]: '''भारतीय सांख्यिकी सेवा)''' is a [[civil service]] under Group A of the [[Central Civil Services of India|Central Civil Services]] of the [[executive branch]] of the [[Government of India]]. ISS is a [[civil service]] with high degree of proficiency in Statistical methods and applications. With the main mandate of producing quality Official Statistics with better methods and techniques, provide solutions to the data and information needs and interpretation and analysis of statistics, a majority portion of the probationary training programme is to be devoted to acquiring of technical knowledge in the field of official statistics, economics, financial statistics, survey methodology and social etc. The posts are recruited through UPSC examination. The minimum eligibility criterion is Bachelor's degree with Statistics or Mathematical Statistics or Applied Statistics as one of the subject.

==History==
The committee under the chairmanship of Shri [[V. T. Krishnamachari|V.T.Krishnamachari]], the then Deputy Chairman of erstwhile [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning
Commission]] was constituted for examining the matter of establishing
statistical cadres after the cabinet decision of 26 July 1952. The Committee
submitted its report in September 1953 and recommended formation of
‘Statistical and Economic Advisory Service’. However, Professor [[Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis]], the then Honorary Statistical Adviser to the Cabinet did not
favor the idea of a combined Statistical and Economic Advisory Service and
suggested an alternative scheme for creation of a Central Statistical Pool.
After deliberating on various contradictory views, the Cabinet on 12 February 1958 decided that two separate services namely Statistical Service and Economic
Service should be formed. This decision paved the way for formation of ISS and
finally the service was constituted in 1961 as a cadre of qualified
professional with core discipline of [[Statistics]].

The Indian Statistical Service along with [[Indian Economic Service]] (IES) was constituted as a Group-A Central Service on 1 November 1961 by a Gazette notification. Direct recruitment in the Service was initiated in 1967 through an examination organized by [[Union Public Service Commission]] (UPSC) and the first batch joined in October 1968. The Indian Statistical System is a decentralised system and the officers of Indian Statistical Service have pivotal role in compiling Official Statistics at central level for use of government and nongovernment entities.

==Cadre strength==
The [[Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation]] (MoSPI) is the Cadre Controlling Authority (CCA) for the ISS officers. Officers of ISS cadre having a strength of 814 sanctioned posts are serving in various Ministries and offices across the country at different levels.The CCA is responsible for policy decision related to service matters and the management of the service on the basis of the service rules notified time to time.

At the entry grade of ISS i.e. Junior Time Scale, 50% of the posts are recruited through UPSC examination. The minimum eligibility criterion is Bachelor’s degree with Statistics or Mathematical Statistics or Applied Statistics as one of the subject. Like any other government service, ISS officers are put to probation for a period of two years on joining the service . Remaining 50% by promotion of officers from Subordinate Statistical Service (SSS). The National Statistical System Training Academy (NSSTA), Greater Noida (UP) is the training academy for the ISS officers. The direct recruits undergo a two-years comprehensive probationary training comprising the foundation course, training on survey methodology, micro & macro economics and [[econometrics]] at the [[Indian Statistical Institute]]s, training on various modules at several national institutes of repute across the country, attachment with different Ministries, National Statistical Office (NSO) and State Directorate of [[Economics]] and Statistics (DES) etc.

The Cadre strength of ISS is periodically reviewed by the ISS Board chaired by the [[Cabinet Secretary (India)|Cabinet Secretary]] and the final Cadre strength is approved by the Cabinet. The latest Cadre Review was approved by the Cabinet on 29 July 2015 and the ISS rules 2016 were notified on 7 June 2016. At present, the cadre strength of the service is 814 and distributed in various grades as under:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sl. No. !! Grade / Designation !! Pay Structure !! Sanctioned Strength
|-
| 1 || HAG Plus (Director General)|| Level -16|| 5
|-
| 2 || HAG (Additional Director General)|| Level -15|| 18
|-
| 3 || SAG (Deputy Director General)|| Level -14|| 136
|-
| 4 || JAG/NFSG (Joint Director/Director)|| Level-12 & 13|| 176
|-
| 5 ||STS (Deputy Director)
| Level -11
|179
|-
| 6 || JTS (Assistant Director)|| Level-10
|300
|}

==Role of ISS Officers==
Generally, the ISS officers serve at various ministries and departments as directors and secretaries. The cadre posts of the ISS are spread across 40 different ministries of the Central Government. Besides manning cadre posts, the ISS officers go on deputation to serve at various domestic and international organizations such as UN bodies, foreign governments, state governments, PSUs etc.

Each ministry/department is expected to maintain relevant databases and also undertake monitoring and evaluation of all the concerned projects and programmes. The ISS officers are involved in compilation of different kinds of statistics and formulation/monitoring/evaluation of different schemes in these ministries/departments and are under the administrative control of the concerned ministries.

== Notable members ==
* T C A Anant – Former Member of [[Union Public Service Commission]]
* [[Pranab K. Sen]] - Former Chief Statistician of India
* Dr [[Rattan Chand]] - Former Adviser at World Bank Group

==See also==
* [[Indian order of precedence|Order of Precedence of India]]
* [[Civil Services of India]]
* [[Indian Economic Service]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{notelist}}

==External links==
* [http://mospi.nic.in Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation]
* [http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/iss-circular/Draft_seniority_List_17may17.pdf Seniority list of ISS officers]
*[http://www.mospi.gov.in/civil-list-2017 Civil list of ISS officers]

{{Public Services of India}}
{{Civil service}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Statistical Service}}
[[Category:Central Civil Services (India)]]
[[Category:Economy of India]]

Govindaraja Perumal Temple

2025-01-14T02:22:25Z

Rishank124: made new place.

{{Short description|Perumal temple in Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Govindaraja Swamy temple
| image = Natraja Temple.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|11|23|58|N|79|41|36|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| native_name = Thiruchitrakoodam
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Cuddalore District]]
| location = [[Chidambaram]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = {{Plainlist|
* Govindaraja Perumal ([[Vishnu]])
* Pundarikavalli Thayar ([[Lakshmi]])
}}
| facade_direction =
| temple_tank =
| tower =
| festivals =
| architecture = [[Tamil architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| creator =
| website =
}}
The '''Govindaraja Perumal Temple''', also called '''Thiruchitrakoodam''', is a temple situated in [[Chidambaram]], a town in the South Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Dedicated to the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] god [[Vishnu]], the temple is inside the premises of the [[Thillai Nataraja Temple]], constructed in the [[Dravidian architecture]]. The temple is glorified in the ''[[Divya Prabandha|Naalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the early medieval [[Tamil literature|Tamil]] canon of the [[Alvars|Alvar]] saints from the 6th–9th centuries CE. It is one of the 108 ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desam]]'' dedicated to Vishnu, who is worshipped as Govindaraja Perumal and his wife [[Lakshmi]] as Pundarikavalli Thayar.

Also significant as a major shrine of [[Shiva]] worship since the classical period, there have been several renovations and offerings to Chidambaram by the [[Pallava]], [[Chola]], [[Pandya]], [[Vijayanagara]], and [[Chera Dynasty|Chera]] royals in the ancient and pre-medieval periods. The temple as it stands now is mainly of the 12th and 13th centuries, with later additions in similar style.

The Govindaraja idol is believed to have been uprooted outside the temple complex during the period of [[Kulothunga Chola II]]. The Govindaraja idol was later found and reinstated by the king [[Kumara Krishnappa Nayak|Krishnappa Nayak]] (1564–1572).

Six daily rituals and two major yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the Chittirai festival, celebrated during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of ''Chittirai'' (March–April), is the most prominent. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

==Legend==
[[Chidambaram]] is one of the many temple towns in the state which is named after the grooves, clusters or forests dominated by a particular variety of a tree or shrub and the same variety of tree or shrub sheltering the presiding deity.<ref>{{cite book|title=Alayam - The Hindu temple - An epitome of Hindu Culture|publisher=Sri Ramakrishna Math|year=2013|location=Mylapore, Chennai|last=Reddy|first=G.Venkatramana|isbn=978-81-7823-542-4|ref=Reddy|pages=10, 31}}</ref> The town used to be called Thillai, following Thillaivanam, derived from the mangrove of ''Tillai'' trees (''Exocoeria agallocha'') that grow here and the nearby [[Pichavaram]] wetlands.<ref>T. A. Gopinatha Rao, Kalyan Kumar Dasgupta. (1971). Elements of Hindu iconography, Volume 1, Part 1. pp.43</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rajarajan|first=R.K.K.|date=2018|title=If this is Citambaram-Nataraja, then where is Tillai-Kūttaṉ? An Introspective Reading of Tēvāram Hymns|url=https://www.academia.edu/37222485|journal=History, Culture and Archaeological Studies Recent Trends, Commemoration Volume to Prof. M.L.K. Murthy, Vol. II|pages=613–634}}</ref> According to a Hindu legend, once [[Shiva]] and [[Parvati]] wanted to judge who among them was a better dancer, and wanted their sons [[Vinayaka]] and [[Murugan]] to judge their performances. Both of them judged in favour of Parvati, after which Shiva was not satisfied. He wanted [[Brahma]] to judge, and the competition was held in [[Thiruvalangadu]]. Brahma was still not satisfied, and he wanted [[Vishnu]] to judge, and the latter wanted the competition in Tillaivanam. Shiva performed the Urthvathandavam pose of picking his earring with his legs, and wearing them in the ear with his legs. Parvati was not able to perform the feat, and due to her frustration at her defeat, became Kali at the [[Thillai Kali Temple, Chidambaram|Thillai Kali temple]].<ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|ref=R.|pages=494–5}}</ref>

==History==
The Govindaraja shrine<ref name="Sundar">[[#Sundararajan|Sundararajan 2003]], p. 263</ref> is dedicated to [[Vishnu]] and is one of the 108 holy temples of Vishnu called ''[[divyadesam|Divya Desam]]'', revered by the 6th-9th-century saint poets of the ''[[Vaishnava]]'' (Vishnu-centric) tradition, the ''[[alwars|Alvars]]''. [[Kulashekhara Alwar|Kulashekara Alvar]] mentions this temple as ''Tillai Chitrakutam,'' and equates [[Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh|Chitrakuta]] of ''[[Ramayana]]'' fame with this shrine.<ref>[[#Dubey|Dubey 1996]], p. 51</ref>

King [[Kulothunga Chola II]] is believed to have uprooted the presiding Govindaraja [[Murti|image]] from the shrine. Kulothunga was a Shaiva king, and he wanted to establish the supremacy of Shaivism by destroying Vaishnava temples and killing Vaishnavas.<ref name="Ayyangar" /> The shrine has close connections with the [[Govindaraja Temple, Tirupati|Govindaraja temple]] in [[Tirupati]], dating back to the saint [[Ramanuja]] of the 11-12th century.<ref name="Hüsken">[[#Hüsken|Hüsken 2009]], p. 197</ref> Ramanuja fled to Tirupati with the ''[[utsava]]'' (festival image) of the temple to escape persecution.<ref name="Ayyangar">[[#Ayyangar|Ayyangar 1908]], p. 237</ref><ref name="Aiyangar">[[#Aiyangar|Aiyangar 1991]], pp. 217-221</ref>

In the 16th century, king [[Madurai Nayak Dynasty#Kumara Krishnappa (1563—1573)|Krishnappa Nayak]] was instrumental in installing the image of Govindaraja back in the temple.<ref>[[#Michell|Michell 1995]], p. 79</ref> There was a lot of resistance from those belonging to the ''[[shaivite|Shaiva]]'' (Shiva-centric) tradition against reestablishing the Vishnu image in what had become a revered Shiva temple, but the king was unmoved, and the image was installed in the present form.<ref>[[#Manninezhath|Manninezhath 1993]], p.25</ref> There is no satisfactory evidence of co-existence of the Shiva and Vishnu shrines within the same temple built during the same time – there was a dispute in 1849 regarding the rights on the Govindaraja idol and ''Alvar Sannidhi'' (sanctum of ''Alvars'') between ''Vaishnavas'' and ''Dikshitars,'' and the position of ''Vaishnavas'' was upheld by the district court.<ref>''The Indian Law reports : Madras Series 1906'', pp. 107-108</ref>

==Religious significance==
The temple is revered in ''[[Nalayira Divya Prabandham|Naalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the 6th–9th century Vaishnava canon, by [[Kulasekaraazhvaar|Kulasekara Alvar]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=CHERAMAN PERUMAL II ALIAS KULASEKARA, ALWAR ALIAS KULASEKARA PERUMAL III (Born 730 A.D.—Ascended the throne 754 A. D.—Left the throne 798 A. D.—Died 800 A.D.)|last=A.|first=Chidambaram|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=10|year=1947|publisher=Indian History Congress|pages=271|jstor=44137144}}</ref> in eleven hymns and [[Thirumangai Alvar]] in thirteen hymns. The temple is classified as a ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desam]]'', one of the 108 Vishnu temples that are mentioned in the book.<ref name="Verma75">[[#Verma|Verma]] 2012, p. 75</ref><ref>[[#V.K.|V.K. 2003]], p. 17</ref> According to legend, Govindaraja is believed to have descended upon the earth for the sage [[Kanva]] and the 3,000 [[Dikshitar|Dikshitars]] of the [[Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram|Thillai Natarajar]] temple.<ref>[[#Ayyar|Ayyar 1993]], p. 535</ref> The temple is one of the two rare Divya Desams, with the other being [[Nilathingal Thundam Perumal temple]], that are housed in a Shiva temple.<ref name=census>{{cite book|title=Temples of Tamil Nadu Kancheepuram District|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu|year=2003|last=C.|first=Chandramouli}}</ref>

==Festivals and religious practices==
The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. As at other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavaite]] community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed six times a day: ''Ushathkalam'' at 7 a.m., ''Kalasanthi'' at 8:00 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:00 p.m., ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00 p.m., ''Irandamkalam'' at 7:00 p.m. and ''Ardha Jamam'' at 10:00 p.m. Each ritual has three steps: ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''neivethanam'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Govindarajan and Pundarikavalli. During the last step of worship, ''[[nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument) are played, religious instructions in the ''[[Vedas]]'' (sacred text) are recited by priests, and worshippers prostrate themselves in front of the [[Iconography of Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu#Dvajasthamba and Pali Peedam|temple mast]]. There are weekly, monthly and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple. The 10-day Chittirai festival celebrated during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Chittirai'' (March - April) and Gajendra Moksha festival are the prominent festivals celebrated in the temple.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Govindaraja Perumal Temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=443|publisher=Dinamalar|access-date=2013-09-09}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==References==
*{{Cite book |last=Ayyar |first=P. V. Jagadisa |title=South Indian shrines: illustrated|year=1993|edition=2 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-206-0151-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&dq=tiruvidaimaruthur&pg=PA535|ref=Ayyar}}
*{{Cite book |last=Ayyangar |first=Sreenivasa C.R. |title=The life and teachings of Sri Ramanujacharya |year=1908 |publisher=R. Venkateshwar & Co. |location=Madras |ref=Ayyangar }}
*{{Cite book |last=Hüsken |first=Ute |author2=Will Sweetman|title=Viṣṇu's children: prenatal life-cycle rituals in South India By |year=2009 |publisher=otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co.KG, Wiesbaden |location=Germany |isbn=9783447058544|ref=Hüsken}}
*{{Cite book |last=Sundararajan |first=K.R. |author2=Bithika Mukerji |title=Hindu spirituality: Postclassical and modern |year=2003 |publisher=Cross Road Publishing Company |location=USA |isbn=978-81-208-1937-5|ref=Sundararajan}}
*{{Cite book |last=Dubey |first=D. P. |title=Rays and ways of Indian culture |year=2003 |publisher=M.D. Publishing Pvt. Ltd. |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-85880-98-3|ref=Dubey}}
*{{Cite book |last=Manninezhath |first=Thomas |title=Harmony of religions: Vedānta Siddhānta samarasam of Tāyumānavar |year=1993 |publisher=Motilalal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-208-1001-3|ref=Manninezhath }}
*{{Cite book |last=Michell |first=George |title=Architecture and art of southern India: Vijayanagara and , Volume 1, Issue 6 |year=1995 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-521-44110-0|ref=Michell}}
* {{cite book|title=Sacred Songs Of India, Volume 5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zNObF6dLipIC&dq=tiruvellarai&pg=PA17|first=Subramanian|last=V.K.|publisher=Abhinav Publications|year=2003|isbn=9788170174011|ref=V.K.}}

==External==
{{Commons category|Nataraja temple}}

[[Category:Divya Desams]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Cuddalore district]]

Sisters of the Destitute

2024-12-26T19:42:23Z

Rishank124: enhance information for clarity per sources

{{Short description|Syro-Malabar Catholic women's order}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox
| image = [[File:Payyappilly_Varghese_Kathanar.jpg|200px]]
| caption =[[Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly|Venerable Mar Payyappilly Varghese Kathanar]]
}}
'''Sisters of the Destitute''' (S.D) is a [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church|Syro-Malabar Catholic]] women's [[religious institute]].<ref name=ppn>[http://www.payyappilly.org/history History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704231759/http://www.payyappilly.org/history/ |date=2015-07-04 }}, Payyappilly Palakkappilly Nasrani family</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.smcim.org/institutes_women.htm |title=The Syro-Malabar Church |publisher=smcim.org |access-date=7 September 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20071029115755/http://www.smcim.org/institutes_women.htm |archive-date=29 October 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Venerable Mar Payyappilly Varghese Kathanar laid the foundation stone on 1927 March 19 at Aluva.Currently there are 6 provinces and 1 region inside India and abroad having a number of 1835 sisters.

==History==

The Congregation of the Sisters of the Destitute was founded by [[Venerable]] [[Mar Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly]] in Chunangamvely, [[Kerala]] on 19 March 1927.

It includes over 1,500 nuns and is composed of physicians, nurses, lawyers, teachers and social workers. Now it is working in Asia, Europe, Africa and the USA. One of the branch in [[Kayakkunn]] near Panamaram, Wayanad District.

Sisters of the Destitute runs many institutions like :
* Homes for the sick and the needy
* Rehabilitation centres for mentally and physically handicapped children
* Health centres for AIDS and cancer patients
* Dispensary for the poor
* Libraries
* Nursing homes
* Schools
* Hospitals

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.ccbi.in/viewnews.php?action=viewmore&value=3470 Servant of God]
* [http://www.ernakulamarchdiocese.org/mainnews_details_temp.php?id=103 Servant of God] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717044251/http://www.ernakulamarchdiocese.org/mainnews_details_temp.php?id=103 |date=17 July 2011 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717044310/http://www.ernakulamarchdiocese.org/payyappilly.pdf Short Biography of Mar Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly in Malayalam]
* [http://www.sistersofthedestitute.com Official home page of S.D.]
*

{{Catholic congregation}}
{{Christianity in Kerala}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sisters Of The Destitute}}
[[Category:Catholic female orders and societies]]
[[Category:1927 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Syro-Malabar Church]]

{{SyroMalabar-stub}}

Kuhudi

2024-12-15T22:14:05Z

Rishank124: new redirect

#REDIRECT[[Anubhav_Mohanty#Filmography]]
{{Redirect from film}}

University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata

2024-09-04T17:30:40Z

Rishank124: Starting new data - done

{{Short description|Technical and Management University in Kolkata, India}}
{{multiple issues|
{{advert|date=July 2018}}
{{external links|date=July 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2018}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox university
| name = University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata
| other_names = UEM Kolkata, IEM Newtown
| image = University of Engineering and Management Kolkata logo.png
| motto = {{lang|sa-Latn|Shraddhāvān labhate jnānam}}
| mottoeng = The earnest aspirant gains supreme wisdom with lots of extra knowledge.
| established = {{start date and age|2015|df=yes}}
| type = [[Private university]]
| chancellor = Satyajit Chakraborty
| vice_chancellor = Sajal Dasgupta
| budget = {{INRConvert|103.903|c}} {{small|([[Fiscal year|FY]]2021–22 est.)}}<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| students = 5,236 ({{small|2023}})<ref name=nirf_stud>{{cite web |title=NIRF 2023 |url=https://uemgroup.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/sites/2/2016/03/UNIVERSITY-OF-ENGINEERING-AND-MANAGEMENT-KOLKATA20230119-_-Full.pdf|publisher=UEM Kolkata}}</ref>
| undergrad = 4,410 ({{small|2023}})<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| postgrad = 300 ({{small|2023}})<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| doctoral = 230 ({{small|2023}})<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| faculty = 296 ({{small|2023}})<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| administrative_staff =
| city = [[Rajarhat|New Town]] [[Kolkata]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| country = India
| campus = [[urban area|Urban]]
| colors = Blue & White {{color box|blue}} {{color box|white}}
| accreditation =
| academic_affiliation ={{hlist| [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]] | [[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]] | [[All India Council for Technical Education|AICTE]]| [[Bar Council of India|BCI]]}}
| website = {{URL|https://uem.edu.in/uem-kolkata/}}
| coor = {{coord|22.560264|N|88.4901705|E|format=dms|type:edu_region:IN-WB|display=title; inline}}
}}

The '''University of Engineering & Management''' ('''UEM''')''', Kolkata''' is a [[private university]] located in [[New Town, Kolkata|New Town]], [[Kolkata]]. It provides engineering, technological & management education. It was established in 2015 by IEM Trust, Act no. 25 and it is the third engineering institution founded by the University of Engineering and Management(UEM) and the Institute of Engineering and management(IEM) Group. This university is administrated by the [[Institute of Engineering and Management (IEM)]] education group trust.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/IEM-Group-opens-new-varsity-in-Rajarhat/articleshow/46639350.cms|title=IEM Group opens new varsity in Rajarhat|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=2016-10-23}}</ref>

== History ==
The IEM-UEM Group's presence in [[Kolkata]] began in the year 1989 as [[Institute of Engineering and Management]] (IEM) (Salt Lake, Sector V) was established in that year. It is an education group which has an experience of more than 27 years in the field of [[Engineering education|engineering]] and [[Business education|management education]]. In 2014, the state legislature of West Bengal passed the ''IEM Trust, Act no. XXV, 2014''<ref name="Approvals">{{Cite news|url=http://uem.edu.in/uem-kolkata/approvals/|title=Approvals|publisher=UEM Kolkata|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-24}}</ref> to enable the establishment of the university in [[New Town, Kolkata|New Town]] area of [[Kolkata]]. It is the third [[Engineering College|engineering institution]] established by the IEM-UEM Group, which also established IEM and the University of Engineering & Management, Jaipur in [[Rajasthan]] in 2011.

==Academics==
=== Recognition ===
The university is recognised by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission (UGC)]] of [[India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/privateuniversitylist.aspx?id=35&Unitype=3|title=List of private Universities of West Bengal|publisher=University Grants Commission|access-date=2016-10-23}}</ref> and has the right to confer [[Academic degree|degrees]] as per section 22 of the UGC Act (1956) and UGC nomenclature of the degrees.<ref name="Approvals"/>

==Research==
Research areas include robotics, computer programming and automobile. These groups participate in national and international level events, including: [[IEEE]], [[Kshitij (festival)|Kshitij]] (organised by [[IIT Kharagpur]]), [[Techkriti]] (organised by [[IIT Kanpur]]), '''Srijan''' (techfest organised by [[Jadavpur University]]) and '''Techtrix''' (organised by [[RCC Institute of Information Technology|RCCIIT]]). Students can also apply to take part in national and international level research programs like [[SPIE]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spie.org/|title=SPIE - the international society for optics and photonics|publisher=SPIE|access-date=2016-10-25}}</ref> [http://www.inspire-dst.gov.in/ Inspire]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://uem.edu.in/news_event/inspire-internship-program-dst-uem-kolkata-18-22-july-2016/|title=INSPIRE Internship Program by DST at UEM, Kolkata from 18 - 22 July 2016|publisher=IEM UEM Group|last=Technologies|first=Renderbit|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-25}}</ref> (a program by [[Ministry of Science and Technology (India)|Ministry of Science & Technology]]), UEMCON.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/conferences_events/conferences/conferencedetails/index.html?Conf_ID=38874|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604052300/http://www.ieee.org/conferences_events/conferences/conferencedetails/index.html?Conf_ID=38874|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 June 2016|title=2016 IEEE 7th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON)|publisher=IEEE|access-date=2016-10-25}}</ref> The university also has student chapters on [[SPIE]] and [[The Optical Society|The Optical Society of America]] (OSA).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://uem.edu.in/news_event/osa-optical-society-america-ions-program-held-ism-dhanbad-attended-students-iem-uem-group-represents-india-chapter-osa/|title=OSA (Optical Society of America) IONS program was held at ISM Dhanbad and was attended by our students. IEM-UEM group represents the India chapter of OSA.|last=Technologies|first=Renderbit|publisher=IEM UEM Group|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-25}}</ref>

Apart from this, many [[workshop]]s and [[seminar]]s are organised in the university campus including: [[robotics]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/DISTRONIX.LAB/photos/?tab=album&album_id=1089554401134582|title=Distronix Robotics Workshop 2016 [IEM - UEM] |publisher=Facebook|access-date=2016-10-24}}</ref> [[White hat (computer security)|ethical hacking]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://uem.edu.in/news_event/mr-parthajit-dhole-alumni-member-iem-uem-group-co-founder-hackcieux-startup-2016-pass-iem-uem-group-students-conducted-special-workshop-ethical-hacking-students/|title=Mr. Parthajit Dholey, alumni member of the IEM-UEM group and co-founder of HACKCIEUX, a startup by 2016 pass out IEM-UEM group students conducted special workshop on Ethical Hacking for the students of University of Engineering & Management (UEM), Kolkata on 26th September, 2016|last=UEM|first=Kolkata|publisher=IEM UEM Group|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-24}}</ref> [[automobile]], [[Programming language|programming]], [[Android (operating system)|Android]] app development, Python and aircraft technology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/kolkata/events/rc-flying-wing-workshop-by-techeagle-at-uem-kolkata|title=RC Flying Wing Workshop by TechEagle at UEM Kolkata|website=www.timeout.com|language=en|access-date=2017-03-01}}</ref>

== Student life ==
=== Innovation ===
It is the annual technical festival of IEM and UEM Kolkata which is organised in March.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://iem-innovacion.com/|title=INNOVACIÓN 2017|website=iem-innovacion.com|access-date=2017-04-04}}</ref> INNOVACIÓN is the Spanish word of innovation. It consists of many technical events like robotics, coding, gaming, circuit designing etc. As well as workshops and seminars on various technologies including Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, aeronautics, ethical hacking.

=== Cultural fest ===
The cultural fest of IEM & UEM Kolkata is organised in the end of January where students of IEM and UEM participate in various cultural activities and events.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iemculturalfest.com/|title=IEM UEM Cultural Fest 2017|last=Management|first=Institute of Engineering &|website=www.iemculturalfest.com|language=en|access-date=2017-04-04}}</ref>

The annual sports event is organized in the month of January where students of IEM and UEM take part in sports activities.

=== Optronix ===
In August 2016, UEM Kolkata hosted Optronix, the 3rd international conference on [[Optoelectronics|Opto-Electronics]] and [[Applied Optics]] in collaboration with [[The Optical Society|The Optical Society of America]] (OSA) and American Journal of Electronics and Communication Technology (AJECT), Canada<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://uem.edu.in/news_event/optronix-2016/|title=Optronix 2016 - IEM UEM Group|last=Technologies|first=Renderbit|work=IEM UEM Group|access-date=2017-04-04|language=en-US}}</ref> in its Rajarhat, Kolkata campus.

=== UEMCON ===

UEMCON is the annual international conference on [[Ubiquitous computing|Ubiquitous Computing]], Electronics and [[Mobile telephony|Mobile Communication]] which is organised by UEM Kolkata in association with [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|IEEE]], [[United States|USA]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://uem.edu.in/uem-kolkata/news_event/uemcon-2016/|title=UEMCON 2016 - UEM Kolkata|last=Technologies|first=Renderbit|work=UEM Kolkata|access-date=2017-04-04|language=en-US}}</ref> The 7th International conference UEMCON 2016, was held in [[Columbia University]], [[New York City|New York]], USA from 20 to 22 October 2016 in association with IEEE USA and IEEE New York.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ieee-uemcon.org/|title=IEEE UEMCON 2017 {{!}} The 8th IEEE Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference|website=ieee-uemcon.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-04-04}}</ref>

=== ConnecTech ===
ConnecTech is the annual Technical Bonanza of UEM Kolkata. It is the technical bonanza where UEM Kolkata organizes science and technological exhibition for the school and college students of Bihar and Jharkhand in association with Bihar Council of Science & Technology (BCST), [[Government of Bihar|Govt. of Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://uem.edu.in/uem-kolkata/news_event/connectech/|title=ConnecTech - UEM Kolkata|last=Technologies|first=Renderbit|work=UEM Kolkata|access-date=2017-04-04|language=en-US}}</ref> On 17 and 19 January 2017, UEM organized ConnecTech in IGSC Auditorium, Patna and St. Joseph's Club Auditorium, Ranchi. The event comprises [[Quiz]], [[Mathematics Olympiad]], [[Debate]], Science Model Competition, [[Robotics]] Exhibition. More than 1000 students from different schools of [[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]] actively participated in the events in 2017.

Apart from this, IEM and UEM jointly organized the international IEEE CCWC 2017 conference in Las Vegas, USA from 9 to 11 January 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://uem.edu.in/uem-jaipur/news_event/iem-uem-organizing-ieee-ccwc-january-9-11-2017-las-vegas-usa/|title=IEM and UEM are organizing the IEEE CCWC on January 9-11, 2017 in Las Vegas, USA. - UEM Jaipur|last=Technologies|first=Renderbit|work=UEM Jaipur|access-date=2017-04-04|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Job Fair 2017 ===
On 25 January 2017 UEM Kolkata organized "Mega Job Mela" in association with Fresher's Job Pvt Ltd. where more than 30 companies came for recruiting freshers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://uem.edu.in/news_event/university-engineering-management-uem-kolkata-association-freshers-job-pvt-ltd-organizing-mega-job-mela-25th-january-2017-will-plethora-companies-visiting-thi/|title=University of Engineering & Management (UEM), Kolkata in association with Fresher's Job Pvt Ltd. is organizing a Mega Job Mela on 25th January, 2017. There will be a plethora of companies visiting this Job Mela and will be offering jobs to the freshers - IEM UEM Group|last=Technologies|first=Renderbit|work=IEM UEM Group|access-date=2017-04-04|language=en-US}}</ref> Jobs were of all types and categories, starting from jobs for [[Mechanical engineering|Mechanical engineers]], [[Electrical engineering|Electrical engineers]], IT professionals, [[Java (programming language)|Java]] developers, content writers, front desk executives etc. There was a footfall of about 5000 students in the job mela. On 22 March 2017, UEM Jaipur organized the "Mega Job Mela" in association with the [[Government of Rajasthan|Govt. of Rajasthan]] where more than 50 companies came for recruiting freshers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://uem.edu.in/news_event/mega-job-mela-2017-2/|title=Mega Job Mela 2017 - IEM UEM Group|last=Technologies|first=Renderbit|work=IEM UEM Group|access-date=2017-04-04|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Technocruise 2017 ===
UEM Kolkata hosted Technocruise 2017 - The eastern zonal of [[Techkriti]], [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur|IIT Kanpur]] where UEM Kolkata has been awarded as the best zonal by [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur|IIT Kanpur]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://uem.edu.in/news_event/university-engineering-management-uem-awarded-best-zonals-techkriti-technical-festival-iit-kanpur/|title=University of Engineering & Management (UEM) has been awarded the best zonals of Techkriti (Technical festival of IIT Kanpur). - IEM UEM Group|last=Technologies|first=Renderbit|work=IEM UEM Group|access-date=2017-04-04|language=en-US}}</ref> Technocruise 2017 included workshops, seminars and events on various topics of science and technology including [[Android app|Android App]] Development, [[Internet of things|Internet Of Things]], [[White hat (computer security)|Ethical Hacking]], [[Robotics]], [[SixthSense|Sixth Sense Technology]], [[Aerospace engineering|Aircraft technology]].

Apart from these, UEM Kolkata hosted the national HR meet in [[Indian Institute of Science|IISC Bangalore]] on 25 February 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://uem.edu.in/news_event/uem-coming-national-hr-meet-held-indian-institute-science-iisc-bangalore-25th-february-2017/|title=UEM is coming up with a National HR meet, to be held at Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore on 25th February, 2017. - IEM UEM Group|last=Technologies|first=Renderbit|work=IEM UEM Group|access-date=2017-04-04|language=en-US}}</ref> It hosted the IEM - UEM Kolkata marathon in association with The Telegraph on 19 February 2017 for raising donation for [[Child Rights and You|Child Rights and You (CRY)]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://uem.edu.in/news_event/marathon/|title=Marathon - IEM UEM Group|last=Technologies|first=Renderbit|work=IEM UEM Group|access-date=2017-04-04|language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.uem.edu.in/ Official UEM website]
* [[University of Engineering & Management (UEM), Jaipur|UEM Jaipur]]
* [https://www.shiksha.com/university/university-of-engineering-and-management-kolkata-47398/ Shiksha.com]

{{Universities in West Bengal}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:University of Engineering and Management (UEM), Kolkata}}
[[Category:Engineering universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Private universities in India]]
[[Category:Private engineering colleges in India]]
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2015]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Business schools in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in North 24 Parganas district]]

Panwari

2024-08-08T21:46:30Z

Rishank124:

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Panwari
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Tundla block Panwari.png
| map_caption = Map showing Panwari in Tundla block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.26479|N|78.23286|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Tundla]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 15.474
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 10253
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 283204
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Panwari''' ({{IAST|Panwāṛī}}) is a large village in [[Tundla]] block of [[Firozabad district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. In addition to the main village site, the village lands also include around a dozen outlying hamlets. As of 2011, Panwari has a population of 10,253, in 1,515 households. Village was named after the [[Parmar (clan)|Panwar]] clan of [[Rajput|Rajputs]].

== Name ==
The name ''Panwāṛī'' comes directly from the ordinary compound noun ''panwāṛī'', which means a garden or other place where [[betel]] is grown.<ref name="Whalley 1923">{{cite journal |last1=Whalley |first1=Paul |title=Place-Names in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, Chapter II, Part 3 |journal=The Journal of the United Provinces Historical Society |date=1923 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=47–87 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PwdDAAAAYAAJ |access-date=22 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|47-8}}<ref name="Oxford Hindi-English">{{cite book |editor1-last=McGregor |editor1-first=R. S. |title=The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary |date=1993 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-864339-X}}</ref>{{rp|599}} (''Pan-'' is a variant of the usual Hindustani form of the word, ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/पान#Hindi pān]'', that is found when used as a prefix.) The word is ultimately derived from Sanskrit ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/पर्ण#Sanskrit parṇa]'' + ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/वाटिका#Sanskrit vāṭikā]''.<ref name="Oxford Hindi-English"/>{{rp|599}} Another place with the same name and etymology is [[Panwari, Hamirpur|Panwari]] in [[Hamirpur district, Uttar Pradesh|Hamirpur district]].<ref name="Whalley 1923"/>{{rp|47-8}}

== History ==
Sometime before the 1800s, Panwari was held by local Muslim landowners, who built a small mud fort to the west of the main village site. Around the year 1800, the village was sold by auction and bought by a British plantation owner named Baillie, who established an indigo factory at Panwari. The village was later sold to a man named Gobind Parshad, who had previously been a servant in Baillie's employ; Gobind Parshad's descendants were still the main landowners in Panwari a century later. At that point, around the turn of the 20th century, Panwari was described as a large agricultural village which consisted of 16 distinct settlements (the main village site along with 15 outlying hamlets). Its population as of 1901 was 3,006. Administratively, it was part of ''[[pargana]]'' [[Itimadpur]].<ref name="Gazetteer 1905">{{cite book |editor1-last=Nevill |editor1-first=H. R. |title=Agra: A Gazetteer, Being Volume VIII of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh |date=1905 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.07292 |access-date=18 November 2023}}</ref>{{rp|318}}

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Panwari had a population of 10,253, in 1,515 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|71}} This population was 53.4% male (5,473) and 46.6% female (4,780). The 0-6 age group numbered 1,666 (870 male and 796 female), making up 16.2% of the total population. 2,568 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 25.0% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|86-7}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Panwari (as "Pamari") as having a population of 6,430 people (3,631 male and 2,799 female), in 1,052 households and 1,032 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|162-3}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Panwari as comprising 14 hamlets, with a total population of 4,344 people (2,358 male and 1,986 female), in 692 households and 651 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 3,819 acres and it had a post office and medical practitioner at that point.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|lxxxii}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Panwari had 3 primary schools; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump; there were no public toilets. The village had a sub post office but no public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|71-6}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Firozabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]

Singara Chennai

2024-07-11T01:27:10Z

Rishank124: correct article also and added references

#REDIRECT [[Kalabhavan Mani#Tamil films]]

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Tetawali

2024-07-08T12:47:52Z

Rishank124: Starting a biography

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tetawali
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.7937544|N|73.0508582|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palghar district|Palghar]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Vikramgad]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 53
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1323
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 551806
| footnotes =
}}
'''Tetawali''' is a village in the [[Palghar district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Vikramgad]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |accessdate=2015-08-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |archivedate=4 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Tetawali has 216 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 65.4%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2015-08-17 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 1323 || 709 || 614
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 187 || 98 || 89
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 1313 || 701 || 612
|-
| Literates || 743 || 475 || 268
|-
| Workers (all) || 619 || 298 || 321
|-
| Main workers (total) || 515 || 255 || 260
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 381 || 189 || 192
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 116 || 52 || 64
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Other || 18 || 14 || 4
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 104 || 43 || 61
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 26 || 11 || 15
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 49 || 28 || 21
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 26 || 3 || 23
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 3 || 1 || 2
|-
| Non-workers || 704 || 411 || 293
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Vikramgad taluka}}

[[Category:Villages in Vikramgad taluka]]

Divyansh and Manuraj

2024-04-04T07:34:50Z

Rishank124: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[India's Got Talent season 9]]

Ganapath: Part 1

2023-09-19T15:15:12Z

Rishank124: Minor updates and cleanup applied

#REDIRECT [[Ganapath]]

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Koodapirappu

2023-04-21T15:13:21Z

Rishank124: created redirect

#REDIRECT [[Koodappirappu|KOODAPPIrappu]]

Viruttam

2022-10-02T19:26:55Z

Rishank124:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
A '''''viruttam''''' or '''''virutham''''' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]) is a [[Hindu]] devotional verse sung in [[Carnatic music]] concerts.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peterson |first=Indira Viswanathan |year=2014 |title=Poems to Siva: The Hymns of the Tamil Saints |publisher=Princeton University Press |pages=61–67 |isbn=9781400860067}}</ref> Viruttams do not possess a set [[Tala (music)|tala]] and are solely improvised using one or more [[raga]]ms. It is one of many forms of ''[[manodharma]]'' (spontaneous improvisations) in Carnatic music.

A ''viruttam'' usually precedes rendition of a song. In most cases, it is sung in the same ragam as the song that follows it. Occasionally, viruttam of multiple verses are sung in different ragams, followed by a song in the same ragam as the last sung ragam of the viruttam.

The artist may also sing the same verse in different ragams in different concerts.

Virutham is not only used in concerts but also in traditional celebrations. Viruthams in praise of Lord Ayyappa are famous in South India. Viruthams are also sung in praise of Lord Muruga.

A viruttam is called as [[Ugabhoga]] in [[Kannada]]. Ugabhogas are few set of devotional lines by the Haridasas of [[Karnataka]]. Ugabhogas are more often sung in Carnatic concerts before a Devaranama. Ugabhogas contain the mudra of the Haridasa

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Music}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Carnatic music]]
[[Category:Carnatic music terminology]]
[[Category:Hindu music]]

{{Carnatic-music-stub}}