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Bengal–Mrauk U War (1512–1516)

2026-05-25T04:18:57Z

Richa7864: Started a stub

{{Short description|16th-century battle}}
{{One source|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Bengal–Mrauk U War
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| date = 1512–1516<ref name="বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাস">ড. মুহম্মদ আব্দুল করিম. বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাস. মগ বিতাড়ন ও চট্টগ্রাম জয়. ২২২–২২৩.</ref>
| place = [[Chittagong Division|Chittagong]] and Northern [[Arakan]]
| territory = Bengali sovereignty over Chittagong and Northern Arakan
| result = Bengal victory<ref name="বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাস"/>
* [[Kingdom of Mrauk U]] returns to being a vassal of the Bengal Sultanate<ref name="বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাস"/>
| combatant1 = [[Bengal Sultanate]]
| combatant2 = [[Kingdom of Mrauk U]]
| commander1 = [[Alauddin Husain Shah]] [[Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah]] [[Paragal Khan]] Chhuti Khan<ref name="বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাস"/>
| commander2 = [[Min Raza of Mrauk-U]] [[Gazapati]] [[Min Saw O]] [[Thazata]]
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| notes =
| casus =
| mage2 =
}}
The '''Bengal–Mrauk U War''' (1512–1516) was a conflict in the 16th century between the [[Bengal Sultanate]] and the [[Kingdom of Mrauk U]].

==Background==
After the [[Reconquest of Arakan]], the Kingdom of Mrauk U was established as a Bengali protectorate. By the 16th century, Mrauk U challenged Bengali hegemony and declared independence several times. Southeastern Bengal, including the port of [[Chittagong]], often fell under Arakanese rule.<ref name="বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাস"/>

==Conflict==
During [[Alauddin Husain Shah]]'s expeditions to Tripura, the ruler of Arakan helped Dhanya Manikya, the ruler of Tripura and expelled Husain Shah's officers from Chittagong. In 1513, Husain Shah assigned the charge of Arakan expedition to Paragal Khan. Nasrat, the crown prince of Bengal was placed in overall command.<ref name="Muhammad Abdur Rahim 1957 48">{{cite book |title=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Pakistan, Vol. II: Chittagong under Pathan Rule in Bengal |author=Muhammad Abdur Rahim |date=1957 |publisher=Asiatic Society of Pakistan |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.98855/page/n48/mode/1up |pages=48}}</ref> On Nasrat's order, Paragal Khan advanced from his base on the Feni River. The expedition of territory to the western bank of Kaladan river was placed under his governorship administration. The hostilities probably ended in 1516, when Mrauk U recognized Bengali sovereignty over Chittagong and northern [[Arakan]].<ref name="বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাস"/> As a result of the conflict, Mrauk U again became a vassal of the Bengal Sultanate.<ref name="বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাস"/> Nasrat renamed Chittagong to Fatehabad, City of Victory. This is also corroborated by Portuguese adventurer Joao de Silvera who, landing in 1517, proclaimed that Arakan was a vassal state of Bengal Sultanate.<ref name="Muhammad Abdur Rahim 1957 48"/>

==Aftermath==
After the war, [[Paragal Khan]] was appointed the governor of Chittagong region. Paragal Khan with his son, Chhuti Khan, developed a military garrison in [[Paragalpur]]. The site was chosen to defend the Bengal Sultanate's borders from pirates from the Kingdom of Mrauk U in the South. It was named Laskarpur (after Laskar soldiers) before being renamed [[Paragalpur]] after Paragal Khan. [[Syed Sultan]], noted medieval poet, was notably from Paragalpur.

==See also==
* [[Mrauk U invasion of Chittagong]]
* [[History of Chittagong]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bengali conquest of Chittagong}}
[[Category:Conflicts in 1512]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1513]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1514]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1515]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1516]]
[[Category:1512 in Asia]]
[[Category:1513 in Asia]]
[[Category:1514 in Asia]]
[[Category:1515 in Asia]]
[[Category:1516 in Asia]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Bengal Sultanate]]
[[Category:Military history of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Kingdom of Mrauk U]]

{{Bangladesh-hist-stub}}

Mal Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T16:57:21Z

Richa7864: new a pg w/ refs

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mal
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Mal.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Mal Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalpaiguri]]
| constituency_no = 20
| established = 1951
| reservation = ST
| abolished =
| mla = [[Sukra Munda]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| electors = 255,205
}}
'''Mal''' is a [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] constituency in [[Jalpaiguri district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled tribes]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 20 Mal Assembly constituency covers [[Malbazar|Mal]] municipality and [[Mal (Community development block)|Mal]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]],<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 30 June 2014| work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Mal Assembly constituency is part of No. 3 [[Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (SC).<ref name=delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
| Sasadhar Kar
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| Munda Antoni Topno
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| Mangru Bhagat
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| Budhu Bhagat
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
| [[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Barendra Krishna Bhowmick
|-
| [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="4"|Antony Topno
|-
| [[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
| [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|-
| [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="3"|Mohanlal Oraon
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=8|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
| [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
| [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| rowspan="2"|Jagannath Oraon
|-
| [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
| [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Somra Lakra]]
|-
| [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
| [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| rowspan="3"|[[Bulu Chik Baraik]]
|-
| [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|}

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Mal}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sukra Munda
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:112095}}
|percentage = 49.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Bulu Chik Baraik]]
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:96603}}
|percentage = 43.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Manu Oraon
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|votes = {{formatnum:5831}}
|percentage = 2.6
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Rakesh Kujur
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:2886}}
|percentage = 1.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = {{formatnum:3019}}
|percentage = 1.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:15492}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:224453}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = BJP
|loser = TMC
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
In the 2021 elections, [[Bulu Chik Baraik]] of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival, Mahesh Bagey of BJP.

{{Election box begin | title= [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Mal}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Bulu Chik Baraik]]
|votes = 99,086
|percentage = 46.46
|change = +2.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Mahesh Bagey
|votes = 93,621
|percentage = 43.90
|change = +28.57
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Manu Oraon
|votes = 10,929
|percentage = 5.12
|change = -29.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 4,699
|percentage = 2.20
|change = -0.03
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Gita Oraon
|votes = 3,008
|percentage = 1.41
|change = +0.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Bablu Majhi
|votes = 1,912
|percentage = 0.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 213,255
|percentage = 88.03
|change = +3.77
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
In the 2016 elections, [[Bulu Chik Baraik]] of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival, Augustus Kerketta of CPI (M).

{{Election box begin | title= [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Mal (ST) constituency}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Bulu Chik Baraik]]
|votes = 84,877
|percentage = 44.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Augustus Kerketta
|votes = 66,415
|percentage = 34.65
|change = -5.04
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Mahesh Bagey
|votes = 29,380
|percentage = 15.33
|change = +12.13
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 4,273
|percentage = 2.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Anjali Malo
|votes = 4,168
|percentage = 2.17
|change = -0.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Jyotish Minj
|votes = 2,553
|percentage = 1.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 191,666
|percentage = 84.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
In the 2011 elections, [[Bulu Chik Baraik]] of CPI(M) defeated his nearest rival, Hiramoni Oraon of Congress.

{{Election box begin | title= [[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Mal (ST) constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=20| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120529223939/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=20| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 29 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work =Mal| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 1 June 2011}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Bulu Chik Baraik]]
|votes = 62,037
|percentage = 39.69
|change = -8.74
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Hiramoni Oraon
|votes = 57,821
|percentage = 36.99
|change = -8.78#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
|candidate = Ganga Beck
|votes = 21,756
|percentage = 13.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Shibani Oraon
|votes = 5,724
|percentage = 3.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Baliram Ekka
|votes = 5,006
|percentage = 3.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Anjali Malo
|votes = 3,976
|percentage = 2.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 156,320
|percentage = 85.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = 0.04#
}}
{{Election box end}}
.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006. JMM did not contest the seat in 2006.

===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]]<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> and 2001 state assembly elections,<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> Somra Lakra of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the Mal (ST) assembly seat defeating his nearest rivals Turi Kol Munda and Shyam Bhagat, both of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]], respectively. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Jagannath Oraon of CPI(M) defeated Turi Kule Munda and Shyam Bhagat, both of Congress, in 1996<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> and 1991.<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> Mohanlal Oraon of CPI(M) defeated Aao Kalndi of Congress in 1987,<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> Suman Tirkey of Congress in 1982<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> and Antani Topno of Congress in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp18.htm | title =18 - Mal (ST) Assembly Constituency | work = Partywise Comparison Since 197 | publisher = Election Commission of India| access-date = 29 August 2009}}</ref>

===1957–1972===
Antoni Topno of Congress won in 1972,<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> 1971,<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> 1969<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> and 1967.<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> Barendra Krishna Bhowmick of Congress won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]].<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> In [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]],<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref> Mal was a joint seat. Mangru Bhagat of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] and Budhu Bhagat of Congress, won. In [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]], Sasadhar Kar and Munda Antoni Topno, both of Congress, won the Western Duars seat.<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 18 June 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Jalpaiguri topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Jalpaiguri district]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

Dushara Vijayan

2026-05-07T15:41:26Z

Richa7864: Adding New Article.

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1997)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dushara Vijayan
| image = Dushara_Vijayan.jpg
| caption = Dushara in 2023
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1997|10|14|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Dindigul district|Dindigul]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2019–present
}}

'''Dushara Vijayan''' (born 14 October 1997)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CVDFLTSjkkP/?hl=ar&img_index=1 |title=Instagram |website=instagram.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Baisakhi |date=3 October 2024 |title=Meet actor who wants to quit acting at 35, left engineering to pursue fashion design, and has worked with Dhanush |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/meet-actor-who-wants-to-quit-acting-at-35-left-engineering-to-pursue-fashion-design-and-has-worked-with-dhanush-1351763 |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian actress who is known for her works in [[Tamil cinema]]. She made her debut in the Tamil film ''[[Bodhai Yeri Budhi Maari]]'' (2019), and gained recognition for her performances in ''[[Sarpatta Parambarai]]'' (2021), ''[[Natchathiram Nagargiradhu]]'' (2022), ''[[Raayan]]'' (2024) and ''[[Vettaiyan]]'' (2024).<ref>efhttps://www.reporterlive.com/amp/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/10/19/reports-that-lyca-productions-have-asked-rajinikanth-to-compensate-for-the-loss-of-vettaiyan</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.doolnews.com/lyca-productions-approached-rajnikanth-for-new-film-to-cover-the-loss-of-vettaiyan-144-64.html | title=2.0, ദര്‍ബാര്‍, ലാല്‍ സലാം ദേ ഇപ്പോള്‍ വേട്ടൈയനും... ലൈക്കയുടെ നഷ്ടം നികത്താന്‍ അഞ്ചാമത്തെ സിനിമയും കമ്മിറ്റ് ചെയ്ത് രജിനികാന്ത് }}</ref> In January 2026, she received the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize|Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress (Special Prize)]] for her 2022 performance in the film ''Natchathiram Nagargiradhu''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dushara Vijayan wins State Film Award for Best Actress for 'Natchathiram Nagargiradhu' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dushara-vijayan-wins-state-film-award-for-best-actress-for-natchathiram-nagargiradhu-calls-it-a-reminder-to-stay-rooted/articleshow/127791213.cms |work=The Times of India |date=30 January 2026 |access-date=30 January 2026}}</ref>

==Career==
Born in [[Dindigul]] as the daughter of a local [[Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam|DMK]] Treasurer K. Vijayan,<ref>{{cite web |title=Meet actor who wants to quit acting at 35... |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/meet-actor-who-wants-to-quit-acting-at-35-left-engineering-to-pursue-fashion-design-and-has-worked-with-dhanush-1351763 |website=Pinkvilla |access-date=31 March 2025}}</ref> Dushara initially pursued an engineering degree, before discontinuing and taking fashion studies. She made her acting debut in ''[[Bodhai Yeri Budhi Maari]]'' (2019), a film made by newcomers, before working on ''[[Anbulla Ghilli]]'' (2022), a film based on a dog.<ref name="femina.2021.08.28">{{Cite web |url=https://www.femina.in/life/movie-reviews/meet-kollywoods-newbie-dushara-vijayan-204194.html |title=Meet Kollywood's Newbie, Dushara Vijayan |date=28 August 2021 |website=femina.in |access-date=24 March 2022 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324140844/https://www.femina.in/life/movie-reviews/meet-kollywoods-newbie-dushara-vijayan-204194.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/240219/from-modelling-to-tinsel-town.html |title=From modelling to tinsel town |first=Anupama |last=Subramanian |date=24 February 2019 |website=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=24 March 2022 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324140844/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/240219/from-modelling-to-tinsel-town.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Dushara's breakthrough came through the sports drama ''[[Sarpatta Parambarai]]'' (2021), where she portrayed a feisty woman from 1970s Madras. She was selected for the film after director [[Pa. Ranjith]] had seen a photograph of her on Twitter and called her for a twenty-minute audition. Despite initially being unconvinced, Ranjith later chose to select her for the role. To prepare for the film, she learnt North Chennai dialect and picked up specific patterns of behaviour.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2021/jul/21/sarpatta-parambarai-changed-me-as-a-person-dushara-vijayan-2332965.html |title='Sarpatta Parambarai' changed me as a person: Dushara Vijayan |website=The New Indian Express |date=21 July 2021 |access-date=24 March 2022 |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819104321/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2021/jul/21/sarpatta-parambarai-changed-me-as-a-person-dushara-vijayan-2332965.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The film opened to positive reviews, with Dushara's performance winning acclaim.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dtnext.in/Lifestyle/LifeStyleTopNews/2021/07/27005305/1308742/I-still-cant-move-on-from-being-Mariyamma-Dushara-.vpf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812082830/https://www.dtnext.in/Lifestyle/LifeStyleTopNews/2021/07/27005305/1308742/I-still-cant-move-on-from-being-Mariyamma-Dushara-.vpf |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 August 2021 |title=I still can't move on from being Mariyamma: Dushara Vijayan |date=27 July 2021 |website=dtNext.in}}</ref>

Dushara was later seen in [[Pa. Ranjith]]'s romantic drama ''[[Natchathiram Nagargiradhu]]'' (2022) and [[Vasanthabalan]]'s thriller ''[[Aneethi]]'' (2023) opposite [[Arjun Das]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dushara-to-team-up-with-pa-ranjith-again-for-natchathiram-nagargirathu/articleshow/84824985.cms |title=Dushara to team up with Pa Ranjith again for 'Natchathiram Nagargirathu' |website=The Times of India |date=28 July 2021 |access-date=24 March 2022 |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819104622/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dushara-to-team-up-with-pa-ranjith-again-for-natchathiram-nagargirathu/articleshow/84824985.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/videos/2021/sep/10/aneethi-teaser-arjun-das-hunts-for-blood-in-vasanthabalans-next-26557.html |title=Aneethi teaser: Arjun Das hunts for blood in Vasanthabalan's next |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=10 September 2021 |access-date=24 March 2022 |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423094532/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/videos/2021/sep/10/aneethi-teaser-arjun-das-hunts-for-blood-in-vasanthabalans-next-26557.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2024, she appeared in [[Dhanush]]'s action drama ''[[Raayan]]'', and received critical acclaim for her performance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2024 |title=Raayan movie review: Dhanush crafts an almost compelling film that needed a lot more heft |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/raayan-movie-review-dhanush-crafts-an-almost-compelling-film-that-needed-a-lot-more-heft-9476996/ |access-date=4 August 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Dushara Vijayan plays a teacher named Saranya with [[Rajinikanth]] in ''[[Vettaiyan]]'' (2024).<ref>{{Cite news |title='Vettaiyan' makers reveal character glimpses of Dushara Vijayan and Ritika Singh from the film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vettaiyan-makers-reveal-character-glimpses-of-dushara-vijayan-and-ritika-singh-from-the-film/articleshow/113409282.cms |access-date=2024-09-17 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> She plays the wife character with [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]] in ''[[Veera Dheera Sooran: Part 2]]'' (2025).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Veera Dheera Sooran Review: Impactful But Drags|url=https://www.m9.news/reviews/veera-dheera-sooran-movie-review/ |access-date=2025-03-29 |work=M9.News}}</ref>

==Filmography==
=== Films ===

{{Pending films key}}
*''All films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable unsortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Sarkar (2018 film)|Sarkar]]'' || Office worker || Uncredited role
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Bodhai Yeri Budhi Maari]]'' || Janani ||
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Sarpatta Parambarai]]'' || Maariyamma ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2022 || ''[[Anbulla Ghilli]]'' || Anvitha ||
|-
| ''[[Natchathiram Nagargiradhu]]'' || Rene (Thamizh) ||<ref name="Dushara to team up with Pa Ranjith again for 'Natchathiram Nagargirathu'">{{cite news |title=Dushara to team up with Pa Ranjith again for 'Natchathiram Nagargirathu' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dushara-to-team-up-with-pa-ranjith-again-for-natchathiram-nagargirathu/articleshow/84824985.cms |access-date=19 August 2022 |date=28 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819104622/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dushara-to-team-up-with-pa-ranjith-again-for-natchathiram-nagargirathu/articleshow/84824985.cms |archive-date=19 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2023 || ''[[Kazhuvethi Moorkkan]]'' || Kavitha ||
|-
| ''[[Aneethi]]''|| Subbulakshmi ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2024 || ''[[Raayan]]'' || Durga ||<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/southcinema/dushara-on-raayan-i-thank-dhanush-for-his-guidance-and-vision/ar-BB1qXWKd?ocid=BingNewsVerp |title=Dushara on Raayan: I thank Dhanush for his guidance and vision |publisher=MSN}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Vettaiyan]]'' || Saranya ||
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Veera Dheera Sooran]]'' || Kalaivaani ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2026 || {{Pending film| [[Kattalan]]}} || {{TableTBA}} || [[Malayalam]] film<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2026-04-30 |title=Antony Varghese Pepe’s Kattalan gets a new release date |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2026/Apr/30/malayalamnews2026apr30antony-varghese-pepes-kattalan-gets-a-new-release-date |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film| Magudam}} || {{TableTBA}} || Filming<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-24 |title=Vishal 35 is now titled Magudam |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Aug/24/vishal-35-is-now-titled-magudam |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Web series ===
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable unsortable"
|+
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Language(s)
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
| rowspan="1"|2019 || ''Postman'' || Anitha || rowspan="2" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|-
| rowspan="1"|2026 || {{pending film|Exam}} || TBA
|Post-production
|}

=== Music video ===
{| class="wikitable unsortable"
|-
! Year
! Song
!Language(s)
! Artist
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2024
| "She's A Killer"
|Tamil
|[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Minmini app, Yuvan come together for new track titled 'She's a Killer' |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/cinema/minmini-app-yuvan-come-together-for-new-track-titled-shes-a-killer-793921 |access-date=2025-02-20 |work=DT Next |date=8 July 2024|archive-date=2025-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220184806/https://www.dtnext.in/news/cinema/minmini-app-yuvan-come-together-for-new-track-titled-shes-a-killer-793921 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== Awards & nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award(s)
!Category
!Film(s)
!Result
!Ref.
|-
|2022
|[[10th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Tamil|Best Female Debut – Tamil]]
| rowspan="5" |''[[Sarpatta Parambarai]]''
|{{Nominated}}
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2022
|OTT Play Awards
|Emerging OTT Star – Female
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=OTTplay Awards 2022: Aishwarya Lekshmi, Dushara Vijayan win the Emerging OTT Star (Female) award |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ottplay-awards-2022-aishwarya-lekshmi-dushara-vijayan-win-the-emerging-ott-star-female-award/40a3b93c18962 |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|JFW Awards
|Best Female Debutant - Critics choice
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|Galata Crown Award
|Best Actress - Critics choice
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|[[67th Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress – Tamil]]
|{{Nominated}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations for the 67th Parle Filmfare Awards South 2022 with Kamar Film Factory {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-67th-parle-filmfare-awards-south-2022_-55551.html#nominations-for-the-67th-filmfare-awards-nbspsouth-2022-tamil |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[11th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress – Tamil]]
| rowspan="2" |''[[Natchathiram Nagargiradhu]]''
|{{Nominated}}
|
|-
|2023
|Tamil Nakshatram Awards
|Best Actress
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|2024
|[[Chennai International Film Festival|22nd Chennai International Film Festival]]
|Best Supporting Actress
| rowspan="2" |''[[Vettaiyan]]''
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chennai International Film Festival {{!}} December 11th - 18th {{!}} 2025 |url=https://chennaifilmfest.com/ |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=CIFF - Chennai International Film Festival |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="9" |2025
| rowspan="2" |Behindwoods Gold Hall Of Fame
|Best Actress In A Supporting Role
|{{Won}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=XCisyO8xWPi87P86&v=gPMY_vS80X4&feature=youtu.be |title=தள்ளிவிட்ட Manimegalai😱 உஷாரா Dushara கையை பிடித்து ஆடிய Bala🤩Hero-வா உருமாறிய தருணம்😎 |date=2025-04-11 |last=Behindwoods TV |access-date=2025-05-21 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|Best Actress In A Lead Role
| rowspan="4" |''[[Raayan]]''
|{{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[13th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress – Critic's Choice]]
|{{Won}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-07 |title=SIIMA 2025 winners list: Aadujeevitham, Amaran win big; Sai Pallavi, Prithviraj Sukumaran take home best actor honours |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/siima-2025-winners-list-aadujeevitham-amaran-sai-pallavi-prithviraj-10234920/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress – Tamil]]
|{{Nominated}}
|-
|[[Edison Awards (India)|17th Edison Awards South]]
|Best Actress
|{{Nominated}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-12 |title=Kollywood stars set to light up Penang for the 17th Edison Awards and Film Festival {{!}} Buletin Mutiara |url=https://www.buletinmutiara.com/kollywood-stars-set-to-light-up-penang-for-the-17th-edison-awards-and-film-festival/ |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=www.buletinmutiara.com/ |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]]
| rowspan="4" |Best Character Actress
| rowspan="4" |''[[Raayan]] & [[Vettaiyan]]''
|{{Nominated}}
| rowspan="4" |
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name |10833071}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijayan, Dushara}}
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Tamil actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Dindigul district]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:1997 births]]

Samudra-class pollution control vessel

2026-05-06T14:45:57Z

Richa7864:

{{Short description|Pollution control vessels in service with the Indian Coast Guard}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox ship
|sclass=2
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image = ICGS Samudra Pahredar.jpg
| image_caption = ICGS ''Samudra Pahredar''
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/class overview
|name=Samudra class
|builders=[[ABG Shipyard]]
|operators= [[Indian Coast Guard]]
|class_before=
|class_after= {{sclass2|GSL|pollution control vessel|4}}
|subclasses=
|built_range=
|in_commission_range=
|total_ships_building=
|total_ships_planned=3
|total_ships_completed=3
|total_ships_canceled=
|total_ships_active=3
|total_ships_laid_up=
|total_ships_lost=
|total_ships_retired=
|total_ships_scrapped=
|total_ships_preserved=
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| header_caption =
| type = [[Patrol boat|Pollution control vessel]]
| displacement = {{cvt|3946|t|LT|lk=on}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiancoastguard.gov.in/content/1590_1_SurfaceUnitsPage2.aspx# |title= Surface Units Page :Indian Coast Guard|website=www.indiancoastguard.gov.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603004350/http://www.indiancoastguard.gov.in/content/1590_1_SurfaceUnitsPage2.aspx |archive-date=2016-06-03}}</ref>
| length = {{cvt|94|m|ftin}}
| beam = {{cvt|15.5|m|ftin}}
| draught = {{cvt|4.5|m|ftin}}
| draft =
| propulsion = *2 x Bergen Diesel B32, 40 L6P ({{cvt|3000|kW}} each)
*1 x {{cvt|883|kW}} UlsteinAquamaster bow thruster
| speed = {{convert|26|kn|lk=in}}
| range = {{cvt|6000|nmi|lk=in}}
| endurance = 20 days
| complement = 10 officers and 100 sailors
| sensors =
| EW =
| armament = *1 × [[CRN 91 naval gun]]
*2 × 12.7 mm HMG
| armour =
| aircraft =
| aircraft_facilities =
| notes =
}}
}}
The '''Samudra-class pollution control vessel''' is a class of three [[patrol vessel]]s built by [[ABG Shipyard]] in [[Gujarat]], India, for the [[Indian Coast Guard]].

==Design==
The ships have been designed by [[Rolls-Royce Holdings]]{{specify|date=December 2014}} and have the type number UT 517. The vessels are {{convert|94|m|ftin}} long, with a maximum [[Draft (hull)|draught]] of {{convert|4.5|m|ftin}} and a [[Displacement (ship)|displacement]] of {{convert|3300|t|LT|lk=on}}. The vessels are designed to attain speed of {{convert|20.5|kn|lk=in}}. They have an endurance of {{convert|6500|nmi|lk=in}} nautical miles at economical speed and can stay at sea for 20 days. The ships are crewed by 10 officers and 100 sailors specialized in various streams.

===Power and propulsion===
Each vessel is fitted with two Rolls-Royce supplied Bergen B32 [[diesel engine]]s, two [[Kamewa]] Ulstein propeller plants, an Ulstein Aquamaster thruster, Tenfjord steering gear, an Ulstein rudder, Rauma Brattvaag deck machinery, Ulstein automation system and switchboards and Intering anti-roll stabilization. Their anti-roll stabilization system is the first to be incorporated on a coast guard vessel built in India. Other major features of vessels are Integrated Platform Management System (IPMS) and [[dynamic positioning system]] enabling the vessel to be maneuvered in restricted areas with precision.

===Pollution control equipment===
The equipment on board is used for containment, recovery, separation and dispersal of pollutants. Control systems enable simultaneous tasks to be performed by a single operator. The vessel is fitted with latest pollution control equipment including two rigid sweeping arms enabling it to contain oil spill whilst in motion. An advanced software would assist in predicting the spread of the complex oil spill pattern. The vessel is designed to recover the lightest to the most viscous oil at the rate of {{cvt|300|t}} per hour. The contaminated water can be pumped on board and analysed in a laboratory. The oil can then be separated and held in storage tanks of {{cvt|300|t}} capacity or {{cvt|1000|t}} in inflatable [[barge]]s which can be towed behind the vessel to free up deck space. The vessel is also equipped with firefighting and [[marine salvage]] systems.

===Secondary role===
The secondary role includes peacetime patrolling, firefighting and salvage. For maritime law enforcement, [[exclusive economic zone]] (EEZ) surveillance, anti smuggling, fishery protection, search & rescue and high speed interdiction it is equipped with [[CRN 91 naval gun]], light helicopter, five High Speed Boats and four Water Scooters. An Infra Red Surveillance System is also installed on-board providing additional capability for the ship's crew to detect targets in the night. The vessels are also equipped with fire fighting and salvage systems.

==Launch and commissioning==
The first vessel (CG 201) christened as ''Samudra Prahari'' (Ocean Striker) was launched on 20 March 2007 by Thrity R Contractor, wife of Vice Admiral RF Contractor, Director General, Indian Coast Guard. It was commissioned at [[Mumbai]] on 9 October 2010 by Ashok Chavan, the Chief Minister of Maharashtra.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = Indian Coast Guards commissions pollution control vessel ICGS Samudra Prahari|url = http://frontierindia.net/indian-coast-guards-commissions-pollution-control-vessel-icgs-samudra-prahari/|website = Frontier India|accessdate = 2016-01-04|url-status = dead|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101213105514/http://frontierindia.net/indian-coast-guards-commissions-pollution-control-vessel-icgs-samudra-prahari|archivedate = 2010-12-13}}</ref>

The second vessel (CG 202) christened as ''Samudra Paheredar'' (Ocean Guardian) was launched on 13 March 2009 by Urmila Singh, wife of Rajendra Singh, inspector general and commander of western region of Indian Coast Guard. It was commissioned at the [[Hazira]] port near [[Surat]] in [[Gujarat]] by Admiral Nirmal Verma, Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee and Chief of the Naval Staff on 21 July 2012.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|title = Coast Guard ship to check pollution on east coast|url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/coast-guard-ship-to-check-pollution-on-east-coast/article3819068.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 2012-08-25|access-date = 2016-01-04|issn = 0971-751X|language = en-IN|url-status = live|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035621/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/coast-guard-ship-to-check-pollution-on-east-coast/article3819068.ece|archivedate = 2017-10-09}}</ref>

== Ships of the class ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Pennant
!Launched
!Commissioning
!HomePort
|-
|''Samudra Prahari''
|CG 201
|20 March 2007
|9 October 2010
|Mumbai<ref name=":0" />
|-
|{{ship|ICGS|Samudra Paheredar||2}}
|CG 202
|12 March 2009
|21 July 2012
|Visakhapatnam<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title = Samudra Paheredar: Second pollution control vessel of the Coast Guard - Coast Guard's pollution control ship 'Samudra Paheredar' berths at Visakhapatnam - The Economic Times|url = http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/infrastructure/coast-guards-pollution-control-ship-samudra-paheredar-berths-at-visakhapatnam/samudra-paheredar-second-pollution-control-vessel-of-the-coast-guard/slideshow/15690892.cms|website = The Economic Times|accessdate = 2016-01-04|url-status = live|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171009035621/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/infrastructure/coast-guards-pollution-control-ship-samudra-paheredar-berths-at-visakhapatnam/samudra-paheredar-second-pollution-control-vessel-of-the-coast-guard/slideshow/15690892.cms|archivedate = 2017-10-09}}</ref>
|-
|''Samudra Pavak''
|CG 203
|11 July 2012
|14 January 2016<ref>{{Cite web|title = Indian Coast Guard commissions final pollution-control vessel {{!}} IHS Jane's 360|url = http://www.janes.com/article/57239/indian-coast-guard-commissions-final-pollution-control-vessel|website = www.janes.com|access-date = 2016-01-16|url-status = live|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160119145338/http://www.janes.com/article/57239/indian-coast-guard-commissions-final-pollution-control-vessel|archivedate = 2016-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title = Pollution control vessel commissioned by ICG at Porbandar|newspaper = Business Standard India|date = 14 January 2016|url = http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/pollution-control-vessel-commissioned-by-icg-at-porbandar-116011401398_1.html|access-date = 2016-01-16|url-status = live|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170218103804/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/pollution-control-vessel-commissioned-by-icg-at-porbandar-116011401398_1.html|archivedate = 2017-02-18|agency = Press Trust of India}}</ref>
|Vadinar<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-01 |title=Indian Coast Guard strengthens presence in Gujarat |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/indian-coast-guard-strengthens-presence-in-gujarat20240401100845/ |website=aninews.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-01 |title=Indian Coast Guard strengthens presence in Gujarat |url=https://www.dynamitenews.com/story/indian-coast-guard-strengthens-presence-in-gujarat |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=www.dynamitenews.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Solas Marine fast interceptor boat]]
* [[Couach fast interceptor boats]]
* {{sclass2|L&T|fast interceptor craft|1}}
* {{sclass|Aadesh|patrol vessel|1}}
* {{sclass|Makar|catamaran|1}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://indiancoastguard.nic.in/indiancoastguard/dgvisit/LAUNCHING%20OF%20PCV/LAUNCHING%20PCV.htm Indian Coast Guard]

[[Category:Patrol boats of India]]
[[Category:Ships of the Indian Coast Guard]]

M. N. Singaramma

2026-04-29T11:15:31Z

Richa7864:

{{Short description|Indian writer (1920–2006)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=April 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date= March 2014}}
{{Prose|date=May 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dr. M. N. Singaramma
| image = Singaramma_facepic.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth year|1920}}
| birth_place = [[Mandya]], [[Karnataka]], India
| death_date = {{death year and age|2006|1920}}
| death_place = [[Mandya]], [[Karnataka]], India
| occupation = [[Writer]]
}}

'''Dr. M. N. Singaramma''' (1920–2006) was a scholar, writer and social activist from [[Mandya]] in [[Karnataka]], Southern India. She wrote many [[Philosophy|philosophical]] books and articles under the pen name '''Sridevi'''.

Her love for [[Hindi]], despite having been born and brought up in [[South India|Southern India]], earned her a lot of respect and admiration. She is still remembered by scholars working on philosophical and religious texts as a pathbreaker during times when there was no one doing any research on these subjects.{{Citation needed|date=March 2014}}

== Educational qualifications ==
* Doctorate in literature (Vidyasagar D.Lit) from Vikramshila Hindi Vidyapeeth, Bagalpur, Bihar
* Sahitya Ratna in Hindi, Sanskrit and Kannada from Prayag Vishwa Vidyalaya, Hindi Sahitya Sammelan, Allahabad.
* ‘Mahamahopadhyaya’ in research work on Indian Philosophy from Prayag Vishwa Vidyalaya, Allahabad.
* Praveen in Hindi from Dakshina Bharatha Hindi Prachar Sabha, Madras.

== Publications ==
* From 1948 to 1984 she wrote over 80 articles in Hindi, Kannada and Tamil on social, philosophical and religious themes.
* She has over 20 books published in Hindi, Kannada and Tamil on religious and philosophical subjects to her credit.
* Her Research papers have been published in Journals and magazines in Hindi, Kannada and Tamil.
* Her well-known books dealing with aspects of South Indian Philosophy like 'Vysnava Bhakti' published in Kannada, ‘Ramanuja Darshana’, ‘Pansharatra Mathhu Itara Agamagalu’, ‘Gopurada Hirime’ have been widely read and acclaimed and part of many libraries in India and abroad.
* She presented many papers and reports at seminars and conferences on South Indian Philosophy and Religion.

== Awards ==
* Listing in Reference Asia – Who is Who of Men and Women of Achievement in 2000
* Letter of Appreciation by former President of USA – Mr. Bill Clinton in May 2000 for the book ‘Philosophy of Pancharatra’
* Awarded the Mahatma Gandhi Hindi Award – 1992 by the [[Bangalore University]] Hindi Department for the book ‘Bhakti Siddhanjana’
* Title ‘Vidyavichakshana’ and Silver Shield from [[Vedavedanta Vyjayanti Vidyalaya]], [[Kancheepuram]], Tamil Nadu in 1971.
* Honoured by [[Mandya District]] Brahmana Sabha in 1987 and 2002
* Certificate of Appreciation by the Mandya Deputy Commissioner in 2001
* Central Government Fellowship for Literary Scholars since 1987
* Honoured by the Government of Karnataka during Rajyotsava in 1985-86
* Government of Karnataka Honorarium for Literary Scholars since 1982
* Scholarship from [[Ubhaya Vedanta Sabha]], Bangalore
* ‘Swarnajayanti 12’ from Dakshina Bharatha Hindi Prachar Sabha in 1981
* Honoured by Mahila Sahitya Sammelana, Mandya
* National award in Literature and Culture Fellowship in 1983 for work titled ‘Bhakti Siddhanjana’ in Hindi
* Jamunalal Bajaj Award in 1964
* Numerous certificates from prominent scholars, Mathadhipatis, professors and other eminent men in recognition of work on South Indian Philosophy & religion.

== Research work ==
* Research work in Hindi and Kannada Literature since 1968
* Research work in South Indian Philosophy and Religion
* Research work in various Indian languages- Kannada, Tamil, Telugu and Sansjrit
* Research work for the Bibliography project of Sanskrit Research Institute, Melkote for 2 years (1980–1982)
* Research work under the guidance of eminent scholars like Shri. Vellukudy Varadachar Swamy, Nyaya Vedanta Vidvan Karpankad Venkatachariar Swamy, Late P.B.Annagarachar Swamy.

== Social work ==
* Singaramma worked as District Organizer of Zilla Hindi Samiti, [[Mandya]] during 1961-71 and District Secretary of [[Zilla Hindi Prachara Samiti]]. She participated in the Third Hindi Sammelan at Delhi in 1983.
* She worked for Kannada Sahitya Parishad, Bangalore as Member for 20 years and conducted lectures and articles during the Women's Year.
* She established ‘Hindi Kannada Vidyalaya’ at [[Mandya]] and conducted classes for women in Hindi and Kannada for over 30 years.
* She was the Honorary Secretary working committee member and member of Mahila Samaja for over 25 years. She conducted music classes, coaching classes in Hindi, Crafts and tailoring classes for women, condensed course for women in matriculation.

She primarily worked for educating and uplifting of women's status and enabling them to independently earn a living.

== References ==
* [http://dli.iiit.ac.in/cgi-bin/Browse/scripts/use_scripts/advnew/allmetainfo.cgi?barcode=5010010007336 1]{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.orientalia.org/us/B0000D6PLQ/PHILOSOPHY_OF_PANCARATRAS.html 2]{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://209.85.175.104/search?q=cache:xYZ6GuEaYzMJ:www.ciil.org/Main/Announcement/Information-Act/Minutes/14th%2520GIAC%2520Meeting%2520Minutes.doc+M.N.Singaramma&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1 3]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Singaramma-Writing.jpg|Dr.M.N.Singaramma writing at her desk
File:Singaramma-felicitated1.jpg|Dr.M.N.Singaramma felicitated by Mandya Brahman Sabha, 2004
File:Singaramma-awarded1.jpg|Dr.M.N.Singaramma receiving award from H.M.Nayak
File:Singaramma-press1.jpg|Write-up about Dr.M.N.Singaramma in 'Kolalu' newspaper
</gallery>

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singaramma}}
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Mandya]]
[[Category:Women writers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:Indian women philosophers]]
[[Category:Scholars from Karnataka]]
[[Category:20th-century pseudonymous writers]]
[[Category:Pseudonymous women writers]]

Tourism in Telangana

2026-04-28T17:43:23Z

Richa7864: put up data

{{Short description|none}} 
The '''Telangana Tourism Development Corporation''' is a state government agency which promotes '''Tourism in [[Telangana]]''', a state in the Southern region of [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Huge-challenges-ahead-for-new-Telangana-tourism-corporation/articleshow/34847749.cms |title=Huge challenges ahead for new Telangana tourism corporation |publisher=times of india.indiatimes.com |date=2014-05-09 |access-date=2014-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://telanganatourisminfo.com/ |title=Telangana Tourism |publisher=Telangana Tourism }}</ref> The retired [[Director General of Police]] Pervaram Ramulu is the appointed First chairman of Telangana State Tourism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telanganastateofficial.com/about-tstdc-telangana-state-tourism/|title=About TSTDC Telangana State Tourism|first=Telangana|last=News|date=10 March 2015|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Tourist attractions in Telangana include historical places, monuments, forts, waterfalls, forests and temples.

[[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]], the state capital, placed 2nd in [[National Geographic|Traveler Magazine's]] best places to see in the world in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Hyderabad-ranked-2nd-best-place-in-world-to-see-in-2015-Magazine/articleshow/45315848.cms|title=Hyderabad ranked 2nd best place in world to see in 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>

== Major tourist destinations ==
{{See also|List of tourist attractions in Hyderabad}}

=== City tours ===
Hyderabad, Warangal, and Mulugu are the cities with many tourist places.

=== Monuments ===
[[File:Charminar-Pride of Hyderabad.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Charminar]]]]
[[File:Warangal fort.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Kakatiya Kala Thoranam]]]]
[[File:Bhongir Fort - Entrance view.JPG|thumb|upright|
[[Bhongir Fort|Bhongir Fort Entrance]]]]
[[Charminar]], [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Golconda Fort]], [[Qutb Shahi Tombs]], [[Chowmahalla Palace]], [[Falaknuma Palace]] and [[Bhongir Fort]], are some of the monuments in the state.

* [[Charminar]], built in 1591 CE, is a monument and mosque located in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The landmark has become a global icon of Hyderabad, listed among the most recognized structures of India. It was also the [[List of tallest buildings in Hyderabad|tallest structure in Hyderabad]] for nearly 400 years. The Charminar is on the east bank of Musi river. To the northeast lies the Laad Bazaar and in the west end lies the granite-made richly ornamented Makkah Masjid. The English name is a transliteration and combination of the Urdu words Chār and Minar, translating to "Four Towers"; the eponymous towers are ornate minarets attached and supported by four grand arches.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-10-09 |title=Is it Charminar's 425th birthday today? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Is-it-Charminars-425th-birthday-today/articleshow/54752076.cms |access-date=2025-05-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Golkonda|Golconda Fort]] – Once abandoned by Qutub Shahis, Golconda Fort is one of the most magnificent fortress complexes in India. Seated on a hill on one side and a spiraling fort on the other, its location and internal design made it one of the strongest forts in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_ap_golconda.asp|title=Golkonda Fort|work=Ticketed Monuments – Andhra Pradesh|publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI)|access-date=2010-10-10}}</ref>
* [[Qutb Shahi Tombs]] – Home to various Tombs dedicated to Rulers of [[Qutub Shahi dynasty]], located at Shaikpet, near Golconda Fort. These are an example of Deccan architecture with large minarets, huge domes, delicate marble designs, and multiple inner passages.
*[[Kakatiya Kala Thoranam]]: It is a historical [[arch]] and symbol of the [[Kakatiya Dynasty]] in [[Warangal district]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140530/nation-current-affairs/article/kakatiya-arch-charminar-telangana-state-logo|title=Kakatiya arch, Charminar in Telangana state logo|date=30 May 2014|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref> The arch was built around 1200 CE during the rule of Kakatiya dynasty.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/telangana-government-launches-its-own-logo/1/206771.html|title=Telangana government launches its own logo- Business News|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref> It is a huge stone sculpture created as a ''Kirti Thoranam'', meaning The Glory Arch.A depiction of the arch forms the main symbol in the [[Emblem of Telangana]] for the state of Telangana.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/charminar-kakatiya-arch-in-t-logo/article6062828.ece|title=Charminar, Kakatiya arch in 'T' logo|website=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Has-Telangana-government-got-the-emblem-wrong/articleshow/36023572.cms|title=Has Telangana government got the emblem wrong? - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
*[[Bhongir Fort]]:It is a [[Fort]] located in [[Bhongir]], [[Nalgonda district]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/29/stories/2004022902770500.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041031034639/http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/29/stories/2004022902770500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2004-10-31 |title=Proposal to develop Kaulas fort sent to Centre |date=2004-02-29 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2015-08-10}}</ref> It was built in the 10th century on an isolated [[Monolith| monolithic rock]] by the [[Western Chalukya Empire|Western Chalukya]] ruler [[Vikramaditya VI|Tribhuvanamalla Vikramaditya VI]] and was thus named after him as Tribhuvanagiri.At the foot of the fortified rocks 609.6 meters above the sea level stands the town of Bhongir, it has a unique egg-shaped construction with two entry points protected by huge rocks, so the fort was considered practically impregnable by invading armies. The fort is associated with the rule of queen [[Rudramadevi]] and her grandson [[Prataparudra II]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/10/09/stories/2004100900470100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041014044106/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/10/09/stories/2004100900470100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2004-10-14 |title=Metro Plus Hyderabad / Travel : A fort revisited |date=2004-10-09 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2015-08-10}}</ref>
* [[Paigah Tombs]] – These are a recently discovered series of mausoleums with unique geometrical sculptures which were nowhere found in the world. These are located at Chandrayanagutta. Paigahs were noblemen under the reign of [[Nizams]]. Paigah Mosque [[Spanish Mosque]], Begumpet: This Mosque is one of the marvelous mosques present in Secunderabad/Hyderabad. It's well known among the people because of its amazing architecture. The architecture followed in this mosque is the Andalusi/Spanish Architecture. The mosque was constructed by Sir Vicar-ul-Umra a Paigah Nawab in 1906.

=== Religious tourism ===
[[File:Jain_temple_warangal.jpg|thumb|Kulpakji]]
*[[Kulpakji]] or Kolanupaka Temple: Kulpakji is a 2,000-year-old Jain Temple at the village of Kolanupaka in [[Nalgonda district]]. This temple is one of the oldest temples in South India and is considered famous for its state-of-the-art architecture and sculptures. The image of Lord Rishabhanatha, carved of a green stone has been historically famous as "Manikyaswami" and The 130 centimeters (51  in) statue of Lord Mahaveer is made of a single piece of jade. It is said the Manikyasami image of Rishabhantha was originally worshipped by Mandodari, the wife of Ravana and it was brought here by the ruler Sankar of Kalyana<ref>{{cite web|url=http://warangalpolice.gov.in/PlacesofInt.aspx|title=Places of Interest|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref> The interior of the temple is made by red sandstone and white marble.<ref>templesinindiainfo.com › Telangana Temples › Nalgonda Temples</ref>
*[[Yadagirigutta Temple|Yadagirigutta]]: Lord Vishnu (whose reincarnation is Lord Narasimha). The main deity is Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/12/stories/2007061203970200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204213557/http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/12/stories/2007061203970200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 February 2010|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Archive News|date=2007-06-12|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Located in Nalgonda District. In Ancient days Sri Yada Maharshi son of Sri Rushyashrunga Maharshi with the Blessings of Anjaneya Swamy had performed great penance for Lord Narasimha Swamy. After securing blessing for his penance Lord Narasimha had come into existence in Five Avatharas called as Sri Jwala Narasimha, Sri Yogananda Narasimha, Sri Ugra Narasimha, Sri Gandaberunda Narasimha, Sri Lakshmi Narasimha. As such this is known as "Pancha Narasimha Kshetram"
* [[Thousand Pillar Temple]] is one of the oldest temples of South India that was built by the [[kakatiya]]. It is believed that the Thousand Pillar Temple was built by King Rudra Deva in 1163 AD. The Thousand Pillar Temple is a specimen of the Kakatiyan style of architecture of the 12th century. There are one thousand pillars in the building and the temple, but no pillar obstructs a person in any point of the temple to see the god in the other temple.

[[File:Bhadrachalam Temple at night.jpg|thumb|[[Bhadrachalam Temple]]]]
*[[Bhadrachalam Temple]] is a temple to Lord Rama in the town of [[Bhadrachalam]] in [[Khammam district]]. It is situated on the banks of the [[Godavari River|river Godavari]]. This is the place where [[Kancherla Gopanna]] (1620–1680) wrote his devotional songs dedicated to Lord Rama. [[Sri Rama Navami]], a celebration of the Marriage of Lord Rama and Sita, is celebrated here every year. The government of [[Telangana]] sends pearls for the event.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.discoveredindia.com/andhra-pradesh/religious-tourism-in-andhra-pradesh.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231173633/http://www.discoveredindia.com/andhra-pradesh/religious-tourism-in-andhra-pradesh.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=31 December 2013 |title=Sri Rama Navami in Bhadrachalam |access-date= 4 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://telanganatourisminfo.com/bhadrachalam-temple-history// |title=Bhadrachalam Temple History|publisher=TelanganaTourism}}</ref>
*'''Sri Raja Rajeshwara Temple''', [[Vemulwada, Karimnagar District|Vemulawada]] is a site of pilgrimage for both Hindu (particularly devotees of Vishnu and Shiva) and Muslim worshippers. Built by Chalukya Kings between AD 750 and 975, the complex is named for its presiding deity Sri Raja Rajeswara Swamy, an incarnation of Lord Shiva. It houses several temples dedicated to other deities including Sri Rama, Lakshmana, Lakshmi, Ganapathy, Lord Padmanabha Swamy and Lord Bhimeshwara.This Shrine is popularly known as ‘Dakshina Kasi’ [Southern Banaras]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vemulawadatemple.org/about/|title=Vemulawada Temple - Sri Raja Rajeswara Swamy Devasthanam: History|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref> and also as "Harihara Kshetram" for their being two Vaisnava Temples in main Temple complex i.e., Sri Anantha Padmanabha Swamy Temple & Sri Seetharama Chandra Swamy Temple The complex also contains a 400-year-old mosque which stands as an ample evidence for religious tolerance. The temple is located in [[Karimnagar District]].
*[[Ramappa Temple]]: An inscription in the temple dates it to the year 1213 and said to have been built by a General Recherla Rudra, during the period of the Kakatiya ruler Ganapati Deva.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telanganastateinfo.com/ramappa-temple/|title=Ramappa Temple - Warangal District|last=Telangana|date=22 November 2014|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Birla Temple no 1.jpg|thumb|[[Birla Mandir, Hyderabad]] night view]]
*[[Birla Mandir, Hyderabad]]: Built on a 280 feet (85 m) high hillock called Naubath Pahad on a 13 acres (53,000 m2) plot in Hyderabad
*[[Basar, Telangana|Basara]]: Gnana Saraswati Temple (Goddess of Knowledge) is located on the banks of the river Godavari in [[Adilabad District]]
*[[Nelakondapalli]]:NelakondapallIis famous for Birthplace of Bhakta Ramadasu (Sri Ramadas) who built the Sita Ramachandraswamy temple at Bhadrachalam, Nelakondapally is famous for 'Budha Stupa', South India's biggest budha stupa located at Nelakondaplly, It is Shariraka stupa (built on body part of Lord Bhudha) in 3rd century B.C.

[[File:Mecca Masjid front view, Hyderabad.JPG|thumb|[[Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad|Mecca Masjid]] frontage]]
*[[Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad|Mecca Masjid]], is one of the oldest mosques in [[Hyderabad, Telangana]] in [[India]], And it is one of the largest Mosques in India. Makkah Masjid is a listed heritage building in the [[Old City Hyderabad|old city of Hyderabad]], close to the historic landmarks of [[Chowmahalla Palace]], [[Laad Bazaar]], and [[Charminar]]. [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]], the fifth ruler of the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]], commissioned bricks to be made from the soil brought from [[Mecca]], the holiest site of [[Islam]], and used them in the construction of the central arch of the mosque, thus giving the mosque its name. It formed the centerpiece around which the city was planned by [[Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/371808/Mecca-Mosque|title=Mecca Mosque|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=3 November 2011}}</ref>

[[File:Medak Cathedral (1).jpg|thumb|220px|right|The [[Church of South India]] Cathedral at Medak, one of the largest churches in Asia]]
*[[Medak Cathedral|Medak Church]] at [[Medak]] in [[Telangana]], [[India]], is the largest church in Telangana and has been the cathedral church of the [[Diocese of Medak of the Church of South India|Diocese of Medak]] of the [[Church of South India]] since 1947. Originally built by [[Wesleyan Methodist Church (Great Britain)|British Wesleyan Methodists]], it was consecrated on 25 December 1924. The Medak diocese is the single largest [[diocese]] in [[Asia]] and the second in the world after the [[Catholic Church#Dioceses, parishes, organisations and institutes|Vatican]].<ref name="AIR">{{cite web|title=Medak Cathedral|url=http://www.newsonair.nic.in/medak-cathedral.asp|publisher=Prasar Bharti ([[All India Radio]])|date=25 September 2013|access-date=25 September 2013}}</ref> The church was built under the stewardship of the Methodist Christian, the Reverend Charles Walker Posnett, who was driven by the motto ''My best for my Lord.'' Charles Posnett had arrived in [[Secunderabad]] in 1895, and after first ministering among British soldiers at Trimullghery, had launched into the villages and had reached Medak village in 1896.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stjohnschurchcsi.org/MedakDio.aspx|title=stjohnschurchcsi.org|access-date=6 December 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508164807/http://stjohnschurchcsi.org/MedakDio.aspx|archive-date=8 May 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
*[[Kuchadri sri venkateshwara swamy temple|Kuchadri Sri venkateshwara swamy temple]] an ancient Hindu temple in [[Kuchanpally]], Medak District<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kuchadri temple|title=Kuchadri Venkateswara Swamy Temple in Medak|url=http://www.yatrastotemples.com/kuchadri-venkateswara-swamy-temple-medak/|website=yatrastotemples.com|ref=987528652874184184|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160718163457/http://www.yatrastotemples.com/kuchadri-venkateswara-swamy-temple-medak/|archive-date=18 July 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Monuments of Medak|url=http://tsdam.com/monuments-in-medak.html|website=tsdam.com|publisher=Department of Archaeology and Museums Telangana}}</ref>
* Other religious places include the Buddhist centres at [[Nelakondapalli]], [[Dhulikatta]] [[Phanigiri]] and Kolanpaka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.templenet.com/encandh1.html|title=The Templenet Encyclopedia — Temples of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=26 February 2009}}</ref>

=== Water falls ===
* [[Bogatha Waterfall]] is located on the Cheekupally stream, Wazeedu Mandal, Mulugu district, Telangana. It is located 120 kilometers (75 mi) from Bhadrachalam, 90 kilometers (56 mi) from Mulugu and 140 kilometers (87 mi) from Warangal. It is known as "the Telangana Niagara".
* [[Kuntala Waterfall]], located in [[Kuntala, Adilabad district|Kuntala]], [[Adilabad district]], at {{convert|45|m}}, is the biggest in the state. There are other interesting waterfalls in Telangana state.
* [[Mallela Theertham]], at a distance of 58 km from Srisailam & 173 km from Hyderabad is a charming waterfall located in the dense [[Nallamala Forest]]. This is one of the popular tourist attractions to visit around Hyderabad.
* Bheemuni Paadam Waterfalls: At a distance of 10 km from Gudur Bus Stand, 51 km from Warangal, 88 km from Khammam Bus Station and 200 km from Hyderabad, Bheemuni Paadam Waterfalls is a picturesque waterfall located at Gudur in Warangal District of Telangana.
* Pochera Falls (Near Kuntala Falls) - At a distance of 40 km from Nirmal, 50 km from Adilabad, 257 km from Hyderabad and 22 km from Kuntala Falls, Pochera Falls is a pretty waterfall on the Kadam River. The falls are located at a distance of 10 km from Neredikonda village between Nirmal & Adilabad (a diversion is required at Boath cross roads)
* [[Gayatri Waterfalls]]- At a distance of 5 km from Tarnam Khurd Village, 19 km from Kuntala Waterfalls, 38 km from Nirmal, 59 km from Adilabad and 270 km from Hyderabad, Gayathri Waterfalls is a beautiful place located in Adilabad district of Telangana.

=== Other attractions ===
* [[Nirmal]] is famous for its handicrafts and paintings.
* [[Badapahad]] Dargah or Peddagutta is one of the oldest Muslim Pilgrim Centers of the region. Built in memory of the saint Syed Sadullah Hussain, the dargah is built on top of a hillock near Jakora in the [[Varni, India|Varni]] Mandal of [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]] District.
* [[Ramoji Film City]] is one of the best tourist attraction in Hyderabad.
* [[Wonderla]] is one of the biggest amusement parks in Hyderabad, Having many dry and water rides where people from any age group can enjoy it.

==See also==
* [[Tourism in Marathwada]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikivoyage|Telangana}}
* [http://www.telanganastateofficial.com/ Trend's: Telangana Tourism News]

{{Tourism in India}}
{{Telangana}}
{{Portal bar|India|Society}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}

[[Category:Tourism in Telangana| ]]

By the People (2005 film)

2026-04-26T23:02:41Z

Richa7864: Adding A Post.

{{short description|2005 film directed by Jayaraj}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = By the People 2005.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Jayaraj]]
| producer = Sabu Cherian
| screenplay = Sunil Parameswaran
| starring = [[Narain (actor)|Narain]]
| cinematography = Rajavel Mohan
| music = [[Pravin Mani]]
| editing = [[Anthony (film editor)|Anthony]]
| studio = Ananda Bhairavi
| distributor = Galaxy Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2005|08|12}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = 
}}

'''''By The People''''' is a 2005 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[vigilante film|vigilante thriller]] film directed by [[Jayaraj]] and produced by Milan Jaleel under his banner Galaxy Films. It is the sequel of ''[[4 the People]]'' (2004) and the prequel of ''[[Of the People]]'' (2008). [[Narain (actor)|Narain]] reprises his role from the original. The film marks the debut of [[Surabhi Lakshmi]]. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/i-pray-that-the-national-award-doesnt-become-a-barrier-to-those-small-roles-i-enjoy-surabhi/articleshow/58127689.cms|title=I pray that the National Award doesn't become a barrier to those small roles I enjoy: Surabhi |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=14 February 2022}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Two years after the events in ''[[4 the People]]'', Rajan Mathew ([[Narain (actor)|Narain]]) is working an administrative job after being transferred for killing Vivek among the four-member group, and the remaining three members- Arvind Sebastian ([[Arun Cherukavil|Arun]]), Eshwar ([[Arjun Bose]]) and Shafeek ([[Padma Kumar]]) are imprisoned. College students in a band named Pulse, including a porter Sudhakaran ([[Vinayakan]]), auto driver Sathyan ([[Sreejith Ravi]]) and a one leg cripple ([[J Kutty]]), inspired by the four, form a more aggressive team to fight corruption by resorting to killing corrupt individuals, their group being named "By the people". Angered by the suicide of a student who is mocked and refused a loan for her studies, they eventually kill the corrupt bank manager who abetted it. Soon enough, more corrupt individuals are killed, and Rajan Mathew is reinstated as S.P. to nab the group. The team learn about Rajan's reinstatement, and decide to kidnap him, building trust with his wife through their ally Kamini ([[Surabhi Lakshmi]]).

Rajan's investigation leads him to a powerful kingmaker and minister Paramasivam ([[Vincent Asokan]]) who controls the media and political parties. Rajan videotapes conversations between Paramasivam, godman Harihar ji and other tycoons to expose them. But his superiors being corrupt, he is sold out, and soon is attacked for the videotape, his pregnant wife is murdered, and Rajan is crippled, with the videotape lost. He is transferred and posted as Jail Superintendent at the prison where the other three members of his team are incarcerated. Rajan realises that the system is corrupt and his own superiors betrayed him.

Four students lead an attack on Paramasivam at his vacation house, with the idea of bombing it when he arrives, but they are trapped and get killed. Rajan learns of this, and soon joins hands with 'By the people' as their prime advisor, to fight corruption and avenge themselves. The first victim is inspector Thomas, Rajan's corrupt superior, who is killed when a roller coaster he inaugurates goes off track, which was rigged by the team.

Then comes investigating officer Balan Nambiar, who soon arrives at the doors of 'By the people', following the clues left by trails of their deeds, but with no evidence against them. He figures that the next victims will be Hariharji and Paramasivam, and tries to protect them. Soon enough, Hariharji is killed by the team at a resort. Rajan's video tape is incidentally found by a Junkyard owner, who hands it over to the media. It is publicized, but not accepted by court as evidence and Paramasivam is acquitted.

The team then plots to eliminate Paramasivam at a rally, in a staged manner with backup from everyone. Kamini is nabbed while trying to bomb the minister, followed by the cripple, Sathyan, Sudhakaran and others who are either shot or nabbed by Balan. Despite warning, Paramasivam continues with the rally till it reaches a Portugal cultural festival event. Rajan then hurriedly releases the incarcerated '4 the people team', who arrive incognito at the venue and assassinate Paramasivam point blank and break away. Balan pursues them but finds them lodged behind bars, with no evidence that they had ever left the cells.As he leaves, he commends Rajan for his clever tactics in annihilating the members of the [[caucus]] by leaving no trace of the act, bidding him '[[Wiktionary:hasta la vista|Hasta la vista]]', the punch line of the band Pulse.

== Cast ==
{{Colbegin}}
* [[Narain (actor)|Narain]] as Rajan Mathew IPS (credited as Sunil)
*Mangala as Malli Makam<ref>{{cite web|url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/jul/03sd5.htm|title=July 4, The Movie|website=Specials.rediff.com|access-date=14 February 2022}}</ref>
*[[Sreejith Ravi]] as Sathyan
*[[Vinayakan]] as Sudhakaran
*J Kutty as Pulse/By the people team member
*Satheesh Poduval as Balan Nambiar
*[[Surabhi Lakshmi]] as Kamini
*[[Vincent Asokan]] as Paramasivam
*Krishnan Potti as Hariharji
*Kaithapram Santhosh as By the people team member
*Samad as By the people team member
*Nishchal as By the people team member
*Binoy as By the people team member
*[[Arun Cherukavil|Arun]] as Aravind Sebastian (Cameo)
*Arjun Bose as Eeswar Iyyer (Cameo)
*Padmakumar as Shafeek (Cameo)
;Cameo appearances as themselves in the songs "Rock Me" and "Oh Laila Oh Majnu"
*[[Benny Dayal]]
*[[Anaitha Nair]]
*[[Suvi Suresh]]
*[[Arjun Sasi]]
*Bhargavi Pillai
{{colend}}

== Production ==
After the success of ''4 the People'', Jayaraj started work on this film. Actor Narain was cast in the lead.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/07ss.htm|title=Santosh Sivan to direct spooky film|website=Rediff.com|date=6 April 2005|last=Poornima|access-date=14 February 2022}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music is by [[Pravin Mani]] and all the songs have been sung by and featured on Tamil pop band [[S5 (band)|S5]], comprising Anaitha Nair, [[Benny Dayal]], Suvi Suresh, Bhargavi Pillai and Arjun Sashi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k5/mar/mar284.htm|title=SS Music's pop band S5 clinches movie deal|work=Indiantelevision|date=31 March 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524192156/http://www.indiantelevision.com:80/headlines/y2k5/mar/mar284.htm|archive-date=24 May 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.today/20130125053427/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/09/09/stories/2005090900230200.htm | title=The Hindu : Entertainment Thiruvananthapuram / Music : Scoring a musi… }}</ref> The Tamil hit single "Malarey" and "Rock Me" from their album ''[[Isai (album)|Isai]]'' were reused as Malayalam songs.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/05/16/stories/2005051601590100.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109060143/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/05/16/stories/2005051601590100.htm | archive-date=9 November 2012 | title=The Hindu : Metro Plus Kochi : S5 's Malayali connection }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0MZWlQ87zu0lVIJHtQWq4K|title=By The People (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)|date=1 February 2005|via=open.spotify.com}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing<ref>{{cite web |title=By The People (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by Kaithapram & Pravin Mani |url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/by-the-people-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1711119730 |website=[[Apple Music]] |date=1 February 2005}}</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Asthala Vistha
| length1 = 5:23
| all_lyrics = [[Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri]].
| extra1 = [[Benny Dayal]], Bhargavi Pillai, [[Anaitha Nair]]
| title2 = Malare
| length2 = 3:51
| extra2 = [[Suvi Suresh]], Benny Dayal, Bhargavi Pillai, [[Arjun Sasi]], Anaitha Nair
| title3 = Malare
| note3 = Extended
| length3 = 9:40
| extra3 = Suvi Suresh, Benny Dayal, Bhargavi Pillai, Arjun Sasi, Anaitha Nair
| title4 = Na Na Na
| length4 = 3:46
| extra4 = Bhargavi Pillai, Anaitha Nair, [[Shweta Mohan]]
| title5 = Oh Laila Oh Majnu
| length5 = 3:55
| extra5 = Bhargavi Pillai, Anaitha Nair, Shweta Mohan
| title6 = Rock Me
| length6 = 4:39
| extra6 = Bhargavi Pillai, Benny Dayal, Anaitha Nair
| title7 = Vasco Da Gama
| length7 = 4:04
| extra7 = Benny Dayal, Bhargavi Pillai, Anaitha Nair
| total_length = 35:18
}}

== Box office ==
The film was a box office failure and the director's fourth consecutive failure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/rejected-8216by-the-people8217-news-malayalam-kkfv0Wehadasi.html|title=Rejected 'By the People'!|work=Sify|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123031722/https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kqATSv-eLecJ:https://www.sify.com/topics/people/27+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|archive-date=23 January 2022}}</ref> The film's failure is attributed to Jayaraj "half-heartedly" trying to "rework" the "magic" of ''4 the People'' with this film.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pillai |first1=Sreedhar |title=Daringly different |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/01/04/stories/2008010450930100.htm |access-date=25 July 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080107130134/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/01/04/stories/2008010450930100.htm |archive-date=7 January 2008}}</ref> Jayaraj called the film a "failed experiment".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/news/jayaraj-bythepeople-fatherlessmovie.html|title=ബൈ ദ പീപ്പിളിനെ ജയരാജ് മറന്നു പോയോ?|date=11 December 2007|language=ml|website=Malayalam.filmibeat.com|trans-title=Has Jayaraj forgotten By the People?|access-date=14 February 2022}}</ref>

==Sequel==
A sequel titled ''[[Of the People]]'' was released in 2008 , with Arun, Arjun Bose and Padma Kumar reprising their roles

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|2854408}}

{{Jayaraj}}

[[Category:2005 films]]
[[Category:2005 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Malayalam films in series|People2]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:Indian vigilante films]]

Sardulgarh Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:16:31Z

Richa7864: put up data

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Punjab State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sardulgarh
| map_image = 97-Sardulgarh.svg
| mla = [[Gurpreet Singh Banawali]]
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| district = [[Mansa district, India|Mansa]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bathinda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bathinda]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:182806}} {{update after|2027|02}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 97
}}
'''Sardulgarh Assembly constituency''' is one of the 117 [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/lpac.aspx |title=List of Parliamentary Constituencies and Assembly Constituencies in the State of Punjab as determined by the delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituency notification dated 19th June, 2006 |author=Chief Electoral Officer – Punjab |date=19 June 2006 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf|title= List of Punjab Assembly Constituencies|accessdate= 19 July 2016|url-status= dead|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033326/http://ceopunjab.nic.in/english/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf|archivedate= 23 April 2016}}</ref>
It is part of [[Mansa district, India|Mansa]] district.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1969 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Kirpal Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1972 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|rowspan=4|[[Balwinder Singh Bhunder]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1977 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|-
|[[1980 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|-
|[[1985 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
|[[1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1992]]
|Kirpal Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1997]]
|[[Ajit Inder Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)}}
|-
|[[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|[[Balwinder Singh Bhunder]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|-
|[[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|rowspan=2|[[Ajit Inder Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|-
|[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[Dilraj Singh Bhunder]]<ref name=election2017/>
|{{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|-
|[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Gurpreet Singh Banawali]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2022 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2022]]: Sardulgarh}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Gurpreet Singh Banawali]]<ref name="2022 Punjab AAP candidates">{{cite news |title=Punjab Elections 2022: Full list of Aam Aadmi Party candidates and their constituencies |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-elections-2022-full-list-of-aam-aadmi-party-candidates/2404732/ |access-date=23 January 2022 |work=The Financial Express |date=21 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|votes = {{formatnum:75817}}
|percentage = 49.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Bikram Singh Mofar]]<ref name="Punjab INC 2022">{{cite news |title=Punjab Elections 2022: Full list of Congress Candidates and their Constituencies |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-elections-2022-full-list-of-congress-candidates/2407341/ |access-date=18 February 2022 |work=FE Online |agency=The Indian Express Group |issue=The Financial Express (India) |date=18 February 2022}}</ref>
|votes = {{formatnum:34446}}
|percentage = 22.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|candidate = [[Dilraj Singh Bhunder]]
|votes = {{formatnum:31757}}
|percentage = 20.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)
|candidate = Baldev Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2345}}
|percentage = 1.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Jagjit Singh Milkha
|votes = {{formatnum:2038}}
|percentage = 1.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = {{formatnum:684}}
|percentage = 0.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:41371}}
|percentage = 27.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:152822}}
|percentage = 83.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:183788}}
|ref=<ref name="Punjab Election 2022">{{cite web |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Aam Aadmi Party |loser = Shiromani Akali Dal |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

=== 2017 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2017"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2017]]: Sardulgarh<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Dilraj Singh Bhunder]]
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|votes = {{formatnum:59420}}
|percentage = 38.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Ajit Inder Singh]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:50563}}
|percentage = 32.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sukhwinder Singh (BHOLA MANN)
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:38102}}
|percentage = 24.8
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = {{formatnum:1062}}
|percentage = 0.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:8857}}
|percentage = 5.8
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:152600}}
|percentage = 88.8
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:173068}}
|ref=<ref name=electors2017>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/VS2017/D03-Electors%20and%20Polling%20Stations%20VS%202017.pdf |title=Electors and Polling Stations - VS 2017 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2017"/>

=== 1997 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 1997]]: Sardulgarh}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Ajit Inder Singh]]
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)
|votes = 45,152
|percentage = 46.14%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Balwinder Singh
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|votes = 42,035
|percentage = 42.95%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sukhwinder Singh
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 8,509
|percentage = 8.7%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Lal Chand
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|votes = 2,164
|percentage = 2.21%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,117
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 97,860
|percentage = 79.94%
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:124201}}
|ref=
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2017"/>

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Mansa district, India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Election results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Punjab}}
{{coord|29.7|75.24|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Mansa district, India]]
[[Category:Politics of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:1997 establishments in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1997]]

Nirmal Mahato

2026-04-11T11:23:34Z

Richa7864: made a data w/ refs...

{{Short description|Indian Politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nirmal Mahato
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1950|12|25}}
| birth_place = [[Jamshedpur]], [[Bihar]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1987|08|08|1950|12|25}}
| death_place = Jamshedpur, Bihar, India
| party = [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] [[All Jharkhand Students Union]]
| profession = [[Activist]] [[Politician]]
| image =
| education = Rail Shramik High school
}}
'''Nirmal Mahato''' (25 December 1950 – 8 August 1987) was an Indian politician, Jharkhand activist and prominent leader of [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]. He was the founder of [[All Jharkhand Students Union]]. He was a prominent leader in the movement for separate state of [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/Jharkhand-Mukti-Morcha-founder-remembered/articleshow/21716602.cms|title=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha founder remembered|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.avenuemail.in/jamshedpur/jmm-pays-tributes-to-martyr-leader-nirmal-mahato/122684/|title=JMM pays tributes to martyr leader Nirmal Mahato|website=avenuemail.in}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/columns/nirmala-mahato-jharkhand-ranchi-jayanti-social-leader/1102801.html|title=जयंती पर विशेष : कुशल नेतृत्वकर्ता, दूरद्रष्टा और सामाजिक नेता थे निर्मल महतो|language=hi|website=prabhatkhabar}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Nirmal Mahto ji was born on 25 December 1950 in Uliyan village of East Singhbhum district in Bihar(now in Jharkhand) to Jagbandhu Mahato. Nirmal Mahto had 9 siblings, including a sister. Nirmal Mahto did his secondary education and matriculation from Tata Workers Union High School Jamshedpur. After that Nirmal Mahto completed his graduation from Co-operative College Jamshedpur. Nirmal Mahto was a bright student in college and used to teach children.
He belongs to the [[Kudmi Mahato]] community.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-01-15 |title=BJP MP wants probe into killing of ex-JMM leaders |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/bjp-mp-wants-probe-into-killing-of-ex-jmm-leaders/articleshow/18026818.cms |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Political career ==

In 1980, due to controversy, [[Shibu Soren]] and [[Binod Bihari Mahato]] drifted apart. [[A. K. Roy]] also left. [[Shibu Soren]] appointed Mahato as president and himself as general secretary of [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]. Mahato perceived that to fight for [[Jharkhand]] with just support of [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] will be difficult. For this a stronger movement was required and it was decided to form a student union of [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]].

On 22 June 1986, on the line of [[All Assam Students Union]], [[All Jharkhand Students Union]] was formed. Prabhakar Tirkey becomes the president and [[Surya Singh Besra]], the general secretary. Mahato had a plan that all leaders and workers of AJSU should be trained in guerrilla warfare like revolutionary of [[Assam]], [[Bodoland]] and [[Gorkhaland]]. He sent AJSU leaders to [[Assam]] and [[Gorkhaland]].

=== Death ===
On 8 August 1987, Nirmal Mahato was murdered in [[Jamshedpur]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fikvDwAAQBAJ|title=Unsung Heroes of Jharkhand Movement|isbn=9789352660001|last1=Sinha|first1=Anuj Kumar|date=January 2021 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1987-08-31 |title=JMM president Nirmal Mahto killing might lead to political change in Bihar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19870831-jmm-president-nirmal-mahto-killing-might-lead-to-political-change-in-bihar-799238-1987-08-30 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He was allegedly shot by Birendra Singh and his brothers Dhirendra Singh (Pappu) and Narendra Singh (Pandit) at a private Chameria guest house.<ref name=":0">{{cite web | title=CBI sleuth deposes in Mahto case | website=Telegraph India | date=2004-12-07 | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/cbi-sleuth-deposes-in-mahto-case/cid/1597729 }}</ref> In August 2000, one of the three accused of murdering Mahato, Pappu Singh, surrendered in the court after 14 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=rediff.com: Mahato murder accused surrenders after 14 years |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/aug/02jmm.htm |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref> In 2001, Birendra Singh was sentenced to life imprisonment.<ref name=":0" /> JMM observes 8 August as martyrdom day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-03 |title=Nirmal Mahato's martyrdom day to be celebrated |url=https://avenuemail.in/nirmal-mahatos-martyrdom-day-celebrated/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=The Avenue Mail |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahto, Nirmal}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Jamshedpur]]
[[Category:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha politicians]]
[[Category:All Jharkhand Students Union politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Jharkhand]]

Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh

2026-04-10T19:03:13Z

Richa7864: new a article basic info

{{Short description|Mughal history by Abdul Qadir Badauni}}
{{italic title}}
[[File:Badayuni's History- Calcutta 1865.jpg|thumb|''Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh'', Persian text, published in [[Calcutta]], 1865]]
'''''Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh (منتخب التواریخ)''' or'' '''''Tarikh-i-Bada'uni''''' (تاریخ بداؤنی), '''''Selection of Chronicles''''' by [[`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni]] (1540–1605) is a book describing the early Mughal history of [[India]], covering the period from the days of [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid]] reign until the fortieth regnal year of Mughal Emperor [[Akbar]].

== Overview ==
''Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh'' is a general history of the Muslims in [[India]] from [[Sabuktigin]] to 1595, commenced in 1590 followed by biographies of shaykhs, scholars, physicians and poets.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Islam|last=Hardy|first=P.|publisher=E. J. Brill, Volume I.|year=1986|location=Leiden (Netherlands)|pages=857|edition=New }}</ref> [[`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni]] began writing this history in the first half of 1590.<ref name=":1" /> The book was completed by October 1595. Its comprises on the 618 solar year's historic events. ''Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh'' is based largely on Khawaja Nīzām-ud-Din Ahmad Sirhindi's Tabakāt-i-Akbar Shāhi (also known as Tabakāt-i-Akbari), with characteristic asides by [[`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni]].{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}

The work contains three volumes. The first volume contains historic accounts about the rulers and kings of the [[Ghaznavids]], [[Ghurid dynasty]], [[Mamluk Dynasty (Delhi)]], [[Babur]] and [[Humayun]]. It records the history of India from the coronation of [[Sabuktigin]], founder of [[Ghaznavids]] Empire (A.D 977) down to the death of Mughal Emperor [[Humayun]] (24 January 1556). The second volume covers the first forty years of Mughal Emperor [[Akbar]]'s reign from 14 February 1556 to October 1595. [[`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni|Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni]] was Eye-witness of [[Akbar]]'s era. This volume is an unusually frank and critical account of Akbar's administrative measures, particularly regarding religion and his conduct. This volume was kept concealed till Akbar's death and was published after Jahangir's accession (approximately in 1605). The third part contains the biographical accounts of the Saints, Poets and men of letters who were either known to him, or were attached to the court of [[Akbar]]. The accounts relate to 38 Shaykhs (religious leaders), 69 scholars, 15 philosophers, physicians and 67 poets.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh|last=Badayuni|first=Mulla 'Abd al-Qadir|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributions, Volume. I|year=1990|location=New Delhi, [[India]]|pages=8}}</ref>

The work is noted for its hostile comments on [[Akbar]]'s religious activities. Its existence was apparently kept secret until at least the tenth year of [[Jahangir]]'s reign (1615). When Mullā 'Abd al-Bāķī Nahawandī, author of Ma'āthir-i- Rahimī, did not know of it when he completed his work in 1616.<ref name=":0" />

== Publications ==
The first [[Persian language]] text of this book was published in 1864 from [[Lucknow]], but is no longer available and has since likely been lost.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mawrakhin-i-Hind|last=Qadri|first=Shams-Ullah|publisher=Matba-i- Nizam Deccan|year=1933|location=Hyderabad Deccan, [[India]]|pages=13}}</ref> The second printed edition of the text of this work was published by the College Press, Calcutta in 1865. This work was later translated into English by G.S.A. Ranking (Vol.I), W.H. Lowe (Vol.II) and [[Wolseley Haig|T.W. Haig]] (Vol.III) (published by the Asiatic Society, Calcutta between 1884-1925 as a part of their Bibliotheca Indiaca series).

Maulavi Ehtisham-ud-Din Muradabadi was the first to translate it into [[Urdu]], and it was then published by Munshi Navalkishore's Press, [[Lucknow]] in 1889.

== Abstract version ==
Abd-Shukur ibn Sheikh Abdul-Wāseī Thattahvi wrote an abstract version of this book in [[Persian language]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Persian Literature in Pakistan from Jahangir to Aurangzeb|last=Ahmed|first=Dr. Zahur-ud-Din|publisher=Majlis-e-Taraqqi-e-Adab|year=2016|location=Karachi, Pakistan|pages=253}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D03601020%26ct%3D0 The Muntakhabu-’rūkh by ‘Abdu-’l-Qādir Ibn-i-Mulūk Shāh, (Al-Badāoni)] [[Packard Humanities Institute]]
* [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924073036752#page/n489/mode/2up ''Tārīkh-i Badāūnī''], a translation from Volume V of [[The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians]], 1867
* "Bada'uni, 'Abd al-Qadir." [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]. 2005. [http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9011694 Encyclopædia Britannica Online]. 16 Nov. 2005 .
* ''[[iarchive:MuntakhabAl-tavarikhOfBadauni.Volume2.Persian|Muntakhab al-Tavarikh]]'' (in Persian) Volume 2 .
* All three volumes of his Muntakhab al-Tavarikh (in English) are available and searchable here: http://persian.packhum.org/persian/
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=RFNOAAAAYAAJ ''Muntakhabu-t-tawārīkh, Volume 1'' (1898)]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:History books about India]]
[[Category:1595 books]]
[[Category:1865 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Books about the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian books]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian books]]
[[Category:Indian chronicles]]
[[Category:Historiography of India]]

Viveka Nand Sharan Tripathi

2026-04-05T19:29:16Z

Richa7864: put up details

{{Short description|Indian judge}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=December 2024}}
{{BLP one source|date=December 2024}}
}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Viveka Nand Sharan Tripathi
| honorific_prefix = Hon'ble Justice
| image =
| caption =
| office = Judge of the [[Allahabad High Court]]
| term_start =
| term_end =
| appointer =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Judge
| known_for = Judicial Service
}}

'''Justice Viveka Nand Sharan Tripathi''' is a judge serving in the [[Allahabad High Court]], one of the oldest and most prominent high courts in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Justice Viveka Nand Sharan Tripathi |url=https://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/District/Officer/6127.html |publisher=Allahabad High Court |accessdate=2024-12-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Justice Viveka Nand Sharan Tripathi |url=https://lucknow.dcourts.gov.in/Judges/viveka-nand-sharan-tripathi/ |publisher=Lucknow District Courts |accessdate=2024-12-23}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian judges]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-law-bio-stub}}

G. T. Dhungel

2026-04-04T22:36:43Z

Richa7864: Adding New Page.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Undisclosed paid|date=August 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Gay Tshering Dhungel
| honorific_suffix =
| image = G.T Dhungel.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1959|08|22}}
| birth_place = [[Kingdom of Sikkim]]
| office3 = Member of [[Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency3 = [[Upper Tadong Assembly constituency|Upper Tadong]]
| term_start3 = 2019
| term_end3 =
| predecessor3 = Timothy William Basnett
| successor3 =
| office1 = [[Second Tamang ministry|Minister of Health & Family Welfare Department of Sikkim]]
| term_start1 = 11 June 2024
| predecessor1 = [[Mani Kumar Sharma]]
| office2 = [[Second Tamang ministry|Minister of Culture Department of Sikkim]]
| term_start2 = 11 June 2024
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Bishnu Kumar Sharma]]
| successor2 =
| spouse =
| parents =
| mother = Lt. Pema Ongkit Lepcha
| father = Lt. Augustine Dhungel
| party = [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]
| relations =
| children =
| alma_mater = [[Assam Engineering College]], [[Guwahati]]. Bachelor of Engineering (Civil)
| occupation = Politician
| profession =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
| 1blankname =
| 1namedata =
}}

'''Gay Tshering Dhungel''' is an Indian politician who is currently serving as the Member of [[Sikkim Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Upper Tadong Assembly constituency|Upper Tadong Constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Government of Sikkim, India |url=https://sikkim.gov.in/mygovernment/whos-who/mlas |website=sikkim.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=G.T. Dhungel |url=https://www.myskm.org/representatives/gt-dhungel |website=My SKM}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ELECTED CANDIDATES IN GENERAL ELECTION 2019 TO THE 10TH SIKKIM LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY |url=https://ceosikkim.nic.in/UploadedFiles/Results/ACResultsGE2019.pdf |website=ceosikkim.nic.in}}</ref> He is a minister in [[Second Tamang ministry]].

He is a member of the [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]] which he joined in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=EM Prasad Sharma and GT Dhungel decide to joining ruling SKM |url=http://www.uniindia.com/em-prasad-sharma-and-gt-dhungel-decide-to-joining-ruling-skm/east/news/1697852.html |website=UNI India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2 SDF MLAs Join Ruling SKM In Sikkim A Day After 10 From Party Joined BJP |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-two-sdf-mlas-join-ruling-skm-ex-cm-pawan-kumar-chamling-lone-mla-left-in-party/336222 |website=outlookindia.com |language=en |date=14 February 2022}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
He was born in [[Sikkim]] to the Lt. Augustine Dhungel and Pema Ongkit Lepcha in 1959. He has done his schooling from [[Victoria Boys' School (Kurseong)]] and completed Bachelor of Engineering (Civil) from [[Assam Engineering College]], [[Guwahati]], in 1984.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gay Tshering Dhungel(SDF):Constituency- UPPER TADONG(EAST) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/sikkim2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=4595 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Dhungel is a retired engineer and bureaucrat who turned to politics in 2019. He won the [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]] for [[Sikkim Democratic Front]] party and was elected MLA from [[Upper Tadong Assembly constituency|25-Upper Tadong Constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |title=UPPER TADONG ASSEMBLY ELECTION RESULTS 2019 |url=https://www.oneindia.com/upper-tadong-assembly-elections-si-25/ |website=Oneindia}}</ref>

Dhungel defeated Anand Lama by 416 votes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sikkim Assembly and parliament results live {{!}} Sikkim CM Pawan Chamling wins both Assembly seats |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/sikkim-assembly/sikkim-assembly-and-parliament-results-live/article27203979.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=22 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC: Sikkim 2019 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/2019/sikkim/274/46 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>

Currently, he is the advisor to the Road and Bridges Department, Smart City Gangtok and Namchi, PHE Department and Irrigation & Flood Control Department, Government of Sikkim.<ref>{{cite web |title=Meeting discusses mitigation strategies for Lumsey landslide |url=http://www.sikkimexpress.com/news-details/meeting-discusses-mitigation-strategies-for-lumsey-landslide |website=Sikkimexpress |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhungel, G.T.}}
[[Category:Sikkim MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Sikkim]]
[[Category:People from Gangtok district]]
[[Category:Sikkim Democratic Front politicians]]
[[Category:Sikkim Krantikari Morcha politicians]]
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Sikkim MLAs 2024–2029]]

{{Sikkim-politician-stub}}

India at the 2022 Commonwealth Games

2026-04-04T19:33:09Z

Richa7864: done...

{{Use British English|date=March 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{infobox country at games
|CGA = IND
|CGAname = [[Indian Olympic Association]]
|games = Commonwealth Games
|year = 2022
|flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
|oldcode =
|website = {{url|olympic.ind.in }}
|location = [[Birmingham]], [[England]]
|start_date = {{Start date|2022|7|28|df=y}}
|end_date = {{End date|2022|8|8|df=y}}
|competitors_men = 106
|competitors_women = 104
|sports = 16
|flagbearer_open =[[Manpreet Singh (field hockey)|Manpreet Singh]] [[P. V. Sindhu]]
|flagbearer_close =[[Nikhat Zareen]] [[Sharath Achanta]]
|rank = 4
|gold = 22
|silver = 16
|bronze = 23
|officials =24
|app_begin_year = 1934
|app_end_year =
|seealso =
}}
'''[[India]]''' competed at the '''[[2022 Commonwealth Games]]''' at [[Birmingham]], [[England]] from 28 July to 8 August 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Looking ahead, what 2022 can potentially unveil in sport |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/looking-ahead-what-2022-can-potentially-unveil-in-sport-7701071/ |access-date=3 January 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |publisher=[[Indian Express Limited]] |date=1 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101092028/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/looking-ahead-what-2022-can-potentially-unveil-in-sport-7701071/ |archive-date=1 January 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> It was India's 18th appearance at the Commonwealth Games.

In July 2022, the Indian team of 106 men and 104 women competing in 16 sports was named.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 July 2022 |title=India Names 210-Member Athlete Contingent For Commonwealth Games |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/commonwealth-games-2022/india-names-215-member-athlete-contingent-for-commonwealth-games-3137463 |work=[[NDTV]] |location=New Delhi, India |access-date=9 July 2022}}</ref> India did not compete in [[3x3 basketball at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|3x3 basketball]], [[Beach volleyball at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|beach volleyball]], [[Netball at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|netball]] and [[Rugby sevens at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|rugby sevens]]. Indian [[Parasports|para-athletes]] competed in [[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|athletics]], [[Para powerlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|para powerlifting]], [[Swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|swimming]] and [[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|table tennis]].

Hockey player [[Manpreet Singh (field hockey)|Manpreet Singh]] and badminton athlete [[P. V. Sindhu]] served as the country's [[2022 Commonwealth Games Parade of Nations|opening ceremony]] flagbearers.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 July 2022 |title=PV Sindhu named India's flagbearer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/commonwealth-games-2022/indiabirmingham/pv-sindhu-named-indias-flagbearer-at-commonwealth-games-opening-ceremony/articleshow/93166521.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |location=Mumbai, India |access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/commonwealth-games/news/manpreet-singh-commonwealth-games-2022-india-male-flagbearer-opening-ceremony/article65690486.ece |title=Manpreet Singh named Team India male flagbearer for Commonwealth Games 2022 opening ceremony |date=28 July 2022 |website=www.sportstar.thehindu.com/ |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=28 July 2022}}</ref>
Squash player [[Anahat Singh]] became the youngest Indian athlete to compete at the Commonwealth Games at just 14 years of age.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 29, 2022 |title=Commonwealth Games 2022: 14-year-old Anahat Singh off to winning start in women's squash |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/commonwealth-games-2022/story/cwg-2022-anahat-singh-squash-wins-opening-round-womens-singles-1981631-2022-07-29 |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> 45-year old Lawn Bowls player [[Sunil Bahadur]] was the oldest player in the contingent.

India's first medal of the Games was won by [[Sanket Sargar]] with a silver in [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 55 kg|weightlifting]]. [[Saikhom Mirabai Chanu]] won the first gold medal for the country, also in weightlifting.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 31, 2022 |first=Tanushree |last=Roy |title=Indian Celebs praise Mirabai Chanu for winning gold medal in CWG 2022 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/anushka-sharma-kareena-kapoor-anupam-kher-praise-mirabai-chanu-for-winning-gold-medal-in-cwg-2022-1982072-2022-07-31 |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> India won its first ever medals in Lawn Bowls after the Women's Fours team won the Gold medal, and were followed by the Men's fours team winning a silver medal. [[Sharath Kamal]] was India's most successful player at the Games, having won four (3 gold and 1 silver) medals in table tennis.

India ended the games as the best nation in 4 sports: badminton, table tennis, wrestling and weightlifting and second best in boxing.

==Withdrawal threat==
Following a June 2019 decision by the [[Commonwealth Games Federation]] Executive Board to back [[Birmingham Organising Committee for the 2022 Commonwealth Games|BOCCG's]] proposal that archery and shooting not be included in the 2022 sport programme,<ref>{{cite web|title=Birmingham 2022 proposes three new sports to Commonwealth Games schedule|url=https://thecgf.com/news/birmingham-2022-proposes-three-new-sports-commonwealth-games-schedule|publisher=[[Commonwealth Games Federation|CGF]]|access-date=6 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128200737/https://thecgf.com/news/birmingham-2022-proposes-three-new-sports-commonwealth-games-schedule|archive-date=28 January 2020|date=20 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Indian Olympic Association|IOA]] President Narinder Batra proposed that India boycott the 2022 Games, claiming the CGF leadership had an "India bashing mindset" and that "people with a particular mindset" could not tolerate India's sporting prowess (of which [[shooting sports]] constitute a significant portion).<ref>{{cite news|title=Indian Olympic Association Proposes Boycott Of 2022 Commonwealth Games For Shooting Snub|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/sports-news-indian-olympic-association-proposes-boycott-of-2022-commonwealth-games-for-dropping-shooting/335004|access-date=6 March 2022|work=Outlook Web Bureau|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|date=27 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727221615/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/sports-news-indian-olympic-association-proposes-boycott-of-2022-commonwealth-games-for-dropping-shooting/335004|archive-date=27 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

However, the IOA later withdrew its boycott threat<ref>{{cite news|title=India to take part in 2022 Commonwealth Games|url=https://ddnews.gov.in/sports/india-take-part-2022-commonwealth-games|access-date=6 March 2022|work=[[DD News]]|publisher=[[Doordarshan]]|date=31 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231152435/https://ddnews.gov.in/sports/india-take-part-2022-commonwealth-games|archive-date=31 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and proposed the hosting of a combined archery and shooting championships, scheduled to take place in [[Chandigarh]] during January 2022. The proposal was backed by associated stakeholders<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/news/cgf-statement-india-proposal-commonwealth-shooting-and-archery-events|title=CGF statement on India proposal for Commonwealth Shooting and Archery Events|publisher=[[Commonwealth Games Federation|CGF]]|language=en|access-date=6 March 2022|date=7 January 2020|archive-date=15 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115180400/https://thecgf.com/news/cgf-statement-india-proposal-commonwealth-shooting-and-archery-events|url-status=live}}</ref> and subsequently received official approval on the proviso that India bore the cost of hosting the event; medals awarded in Chandigarh would be included in the 2022 Games overall medal table a week after the closing ceremony.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dixon|first1=Ed|title=India to host 2022 Commonwealth Games shooting and archery|url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/india-chandigarh-2022-commonwealth-games-shooting-archery-birmingham/|access-date=6 March 2022|work=[[SportsPro]]|date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224200028/https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/india-chandigarh-2022-commonwealth-games-shooting-archery-birmingham/|archive-date=24 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2021, the event was cancelled due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite news|title=2022 Commonwealth shooting and archery in India cancelled due to COVID threat|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/olympics/story/_/id/31748909/2022-commonwealth-shooting-archery-india-cancelled-due-covid-threat|access-date=6 March 2022|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=2 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306153557/https://www.espn.co.uk/olympics/story/_/id/31748909/2022-commonwealth-shooting-archery-india-cancelled-due-covid-threat|archive-date=6 March 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

In October 2021, [[Hockey India]] withdrew both hockey teams from the Games, citing the pandemic within the [[United Kingdom]] and the proximity of Birmingham 2022 to the [[2022 Asian Games]] (with [[2024 Summer Olympics|Paris 2024]] Olympic qualification at stake in the latter); the decision was made in response to the UK's non-recognition of Indian COVID-19 vaccination certificates and [[England Hockey]] withdrawing from the [[2021 Men's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup]] in [[Bhubaneswar]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Hockey India Withdraws From 2022 Commonwealth Games Due To Covid Concerns|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/hockey/hockey-india-withdraws-from-2022-commonwealth-games-due-to-covid-concerns-2564805|access-date=6 March 2022|work=[[NDTV|NDTV Sports]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|date=5 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005135123/https://sports.ndtv.com/hockey/hockey-india-withdraws-from-2022-commonwealth-games-due-to-covid-concerns-2564805|archive-date=5 October 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Following discussions with the IOA and [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports|Sports Minister]] [[Anurag Thakur]], the federation determined that India would, subject to qualification, participate in the Commonwealth hockey tournaments.<ref>{{cite news|title=Indian hockey teams to compete in Birmingham Commonwealth Games, says Commonwealth Games Federation|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/hockey/indian-hockey-teams-to-compete-in-birmingham-commonwealth-games-says-commonwealth-games-federation-7655918/|access-date=6 March 2022|work=[[The Indian Express]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|date=4 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215235714/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/hockey/indian-hockey-teams-to-compete-in-birmingham-commonwealth-games-says-commonwealth-games-federation-7655918/|archive-date=15 December 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Competitors==
The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline.<ref>{{Cite web|title=90 days to go for CWG 2022: Indian athletes who have qualified for the Games|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/cwg-2022-90-days-indians-qualified-commonwealth-games-qualification/article38481735.ece|access-date=2022-06-09|website=Sportstar|date=29 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! width=120|Sport
! width=55|Men
! width=55|Women
! width=55|Total
|-
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]]
|20||17||37
|-
|align=left|[[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Badminton]]
|5||5||10
|-
|align=left|[[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Boxing]]
|8||4||12
|-
|align=left|[[Cricket at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Cricket]]
|{{n/a}}||15||15
|-
|align=left|[[Cycling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Cycling]]
|9||4||13
|-
|align=left|[[Gymnastics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Gymnastics]]
|3||4||7
|-
|align=left|[[Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Hockey]]
|18||18||36
|-
|align=left|[[Judo at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Judo]]
|3||3||6
|-
|align=left|[[Lawn bowls at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Lawn bowls]]
|5 || 5||10
|-
|align=left|[[Para powerlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Para powerlifting]]
|2||2||4
|-
|align=left|[[Squash at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Squash]]
|5||4||9
|-
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Swimming]]
|7||0||7
|-
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Table tennis]]
|5||7||12
|-
|align=left|[[Triathlon at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Triathlon]]
|2||2||4
|-
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Weightlifting]]
|8||7||15
|-
|align=left|[[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]]
|6||6||12
|-
!Total||106||102||208
|}

==Medals==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
===Medals by sport===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
!colspan=5|Medals by sport
|-
|'''Sport'''
| width=60 style="background:gold;"|'''Gold '''
| width=60 style="background:silver;"|'''Silver '''
| width=60 style="background:#c96;"| '''Bronze '''
| width=80 | '''Total'''
|-
|align=left|[[File:Athletics pictogram.svg|25px]] [[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]]
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" |1
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" |4
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" |3
|8
|-
|align=left|[[File:Badminton pictogram.svg|25px]] [[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Badminton]]
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" |3
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" |1
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" |2
|6
|-
|align=left|[[File:Boxing pictogram.svg|25px]] [[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Boxing]]
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" |3
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" |1
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" |3
|7
|-
|align=left|[[File:Cricket pictogram.svg|25px]] [[Cricket at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Cricket]]
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" |0
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" |1
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" |0
|1
|-
|align=left|[[File:Hockey pictogram.svg|25px]] [[Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Hockey]]
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" |0
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" |1
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" |1
|2
|-
|align=left|[[File:Judo pictogram.svg|25px]] [[Judo at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Judo]]
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" |0
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" |2
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" |1
|3
|-
|align=left|[[File:Lawn bowls pictogram.svg|25px]] [[Lawn bowls at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Lawn bowls]]
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" |1
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" |1
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" |0
|2
|-
|align=left|[[File:Powerlifting pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]] [[Para powerlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Para powerlifting]]
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" |1
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" |0
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" |0
|1
|-
|align=left|[[File:Squash pictogram.svg|25px]] [[Squash at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Squash]]
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" |0
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" |0
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" |2
|2
|-
|align=left|[[File:Table tennis pictogram.svg|25px]] [[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Table tennis]]
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" |4
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" |1
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" |2
|7
|-
|align=left|[[File:Weightlifting pictogram.svg|25px]] [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Weightlifting]]
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" |3
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" |3
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" |4
|10
|-
|align=left|[[File:Wrestling pictogram.svg|25px]] [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]]
| style="background:#F7F6A8;" |6
| style="background:#DCE5E5;" |1
| style="background:#FFDAB9;" |5
|12
|-
!Total
!style="background:gold;"|22
!style="background:silver;"|16
!style="background:#c96;"|23
!61
|}

{{col-2}}
===Medals by day===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
!colspan=6|Medals by day
|-
|'''Day'''
|'''Date'''
| width=60 style="background:gold;"|'''Gold '''
| width=60 style="background:silver;"|'''Silver '''
| width=60 style="background:#c96;"| '''Bronze '''
| width=80 | '''Total'''
|-
|align=left|1
|align=left|29 July
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |0
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |0
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |0
|0
|-
|align=left|2
|align=left|30 July
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |1
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |2
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |1
|4
|-
|align=left|3
|align=left|31 July
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |2
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |0
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |0
|2
|-
|align=left|4
|align=left|1 August
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |0
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |1
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |2
|3
|-
|align=left|5
|align=left|2 August
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |2
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |2
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |0
|4
|-
|align=left|6
|align=left|3 August
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |0
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |1
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |4
|5
|-
|align=left|7
|align=left|4 August
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |1
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |1
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |0
|2
|-
|align=left|8
|align=left|5 August
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |3
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |1
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |2
|6
|-
|align=left|9
|align=left|6 August
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |4
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |3
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |7
|14
|-
|align=left|10
|align=left|7 August
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |5
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |4
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |6
|15
|-
|align=left|11
|align=left|8 August
|style="background:#F7F6A8;" |4
|style="background:#DCE5E5;" |1
|style="background:#FFDAB9;" |1
|6
|-
|
|'''Total'''||style="background:#F7F6A8"|'''22''' ||style="background:#DCE5E5"|'''16''' ||style="background:#FFDAB9"|'''23'''||'''61'''
|-
|}

===Medals by gender===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
!colspan=5|Medals by gender
|-
|'''Gender'''
| width=60 style="background:gold;"|'''Gold '''
| width=60 style="background:silver;"|'''Silver '''
| width=60 style="background:#c96;"| '''Bronze '''
| width=80 | '''Total'''
|-
|Male||style="background:#F7F6A8"|13||style="background:#DCE5E5"|9||style="background:#FFDAB9"|13||35
|-
|Female||style="background:#F7F6A8"|8||style="background:#DCE5E5"|6|| style="background:#FFDAB9"|9||23
|-
|Mixed/Open||style="background:#F7F6A8"|1|| style="background:#DCE5E5"|1||style="background:#FFDAB9"|1||3
|-
|'''Total'''||style="background:#F7F6A8"|'''22''' ||style="background:#DCE5E5"|'''16''' ||style="background:#FFDAB9"|'''23'''||'''61'''
|-
|}
{{col-end}}

==Medalists==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%"
|-
!Medal
!Name
!Sport
!Event
!Date
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
| [[Saikhom Mirabai Chanu]]
|rowspan=3| [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Weightlifting]]
| [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 49 kg|Women's 49 kg]]
| {{dts|30 July|addkey=3}}
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
| [[Jeremy Lalrinnunga]]
| [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 67 kg|Men's 67 kg]]
| {{dts|31 July|addkey=5}}
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
| [[Achinta Sheuli]]
| [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 73 kg|Men's 73 kg]]
| {{dts|31 July|addkey=6}}
|-
|{{Gold medal}}
| {{columns-list|colwidth=10em|small=yes|style=width:22em|{{ubl|[[Rupa Rani Tirkey]]|[[Nayanmoni Saikia]]|[[Lovely Choubey]]|[[Pinki Singh (bowls)|Pinki Singh]]}}}}
| [[Lawn bowls at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Lawn bowls]]
| [[Lawn bowls at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's fours|Women's fours]]
| {{dts|2 August|addkey=10}}
|-
|{{Gold medal}}
| {{columns-list|colwidth=10em|small=yes|style=width:22em|{{ubl|[[Harmeet Desai]]|[[Sanil Shetty]]|[[Sharath Achanta]]|[[Sathiyan Gnanasekaran]]}}}}
| [[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Table tennis]]
| [[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's team|Men's team]]
| {{dts|2 August|addkey=11}}
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
| [[Sudhir (powerlifter)|Sudhir]]
| [[Para powerlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Para powerlifting]]
| [[Para powerlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's heavyweight|Men's heavyweight]]
| {{dts|4 August|addkey=20}}
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
| [[Bajrang Punia]]
|rowspan=6| [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]]
| [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games - Men's freestyle 65 kg|Men's freestyle 65 kg]]
| {{dts|5 August|addkey=22}}
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
| [[Sakshi Malik]]
| [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games - Women's freestyle 62 kg|Women's freestyle 62 kg]]
| {{dts|5 August|addkey=23}}
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
| [[Deepak Punia (wrestler)|Deepak Punia]]
| [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games - Men's freestyle 86 kg|Men's freestyle 86 kg]]
| {{dts|5 August|addkey=24}}
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
| [[Ravi Kumar Dahiya]]
| [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games - Men's freestyle 57 kg|Men's freestyle 57 kg]]
| {{dts|6 August|addkey=32}}
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
| [[Vinesh Phogat]]
| [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games - Women's freestyle 53 kg|Women's freestyle 53 kg]]
| {{dts|6 August|addkey=33}}
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
| [[Naveen Malik]]
| [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games - Men's freestyle 74 kg|Men's freestyle 74 kg]]
| {{dts|6 August|addkey=34}}
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
| [[Bhavina Patel]]
| [[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Table tennis]]
| [[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles C3–5|Women's singles C3–5]]
| {{dts|6 August|addkey=40}}
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
| [[Nitu Ghanghas]]
|rowspan=2| [[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Boxing]]
| [[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's minimumweight|Women's 48 kg]]
| {{dts|7 August|addkey=42}}
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
| [[Amit Panghal]]
| [[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's flyweight|Men's 51 kg]]
| {{dts|7 August|addkey=43}}
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
| [[Eldhose Paul]]
| [[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]]
| [[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's triple jump|Men's triple jump]]
| {{dts|7 August|addkey=44}}
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
| [[Nikhat Zareen]]
| [[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Boxing]]
| [[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's light flyweight|Women's 50 kg]]
| {{dts|7 August|addkey=48}}
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
| [[Sharath Achanta]] [[Sreeja Akula]]
| [[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Table tennis]]
| [[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed doubles|Mixed doubles]]
| {{dts|7 August|addkey=53}}
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
|[[P. V. Sindhu]]
|rowspan=3| [[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Badminton]]
| [[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Women's singles]]
| {{dts|8 August|addkey=56}}
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
|[[Lakshya Sen]]
| [[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Men’s singles]]
| {{dts|8 August|addkey=57}}
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
|[[Chirag Shetty]] [[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy]]
| [[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's doubles|Men’s doubles]]
| {{dts|8 August|addkey=60}}
|-
| {{Gold medal}}
| [[Sharath Achanta]]
| [[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Table tennis]]
| [[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Men's singles]]
| {{dts|8 August|addkey=61}}
|-
| {{Silver medal}}
| [[Sanket Sargar]]
|rowspan=2| [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Weightlifting]]
| [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 55 kg|Men's 55 kg]]
| {{dts|30 July|addkey=1}}
|-
| {{Silver medal}}
| [[Bindyarani Devi]]
| [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 55 kg|Women's 55 kg]]
| {{dts|30 July|addkey=4}}
|-
| {{Silver medal}}
| [[Shushila Likmabam]]
| [[Judo at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Judo]]
| [[Judo at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 48 kg|Women's 48 kg]]
| {{dts|1 August|addkey=7}}
|-
| {{Silver medal}}
| [[Vikas Thakur]]
| [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Weightlifting]]
| [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 96 kg|Men's 96 kg]]
| {{dts|2 August|addkey=12}}
|-
| {{Silver medal}}
|[[India national badminton team|India badminton team]] {{columns-list|colwidth=10em|small=yes|style=width:22em|{{ubl|[[Srikanth Kidambi]]|[[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy]]|[[B. Sumeeth Reddy]]|[[Lakshya Sen]]|[[Chirag Shetty]]|[[Gayathri Gopichand]]|[[Treesa Jolly]]|[[Aakarshi Kashyap]]|[[Ashwini Ponnappa]]|[[P. V. Sindhu]]}}}}
| [[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Badminton]]
| [[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed team|Mixed team]]
| {{dts|2 August|addkey=13}}
|-
| {{Silver medal}}
| [[Tulika Maan]]
| [[Judo at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Judo]]
| [[Judo at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's +78 kg|Women's +78 kg]]
| {{dts|3 August|addkey=16}}
|-
| {{Silver medal}}
| [[Murali Sreeshankar]]
| [[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]]
| [[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's long jump|Men's long jump]]
| {{dts|4 August|addkey=19}}
|-
| {{Silver medal}}
| [[Anshu Malik]]
| [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]]
| [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 57 kg|Women's freestyle 57 kg]]
| {{dts|5 August|addkey=21}}
|-
| {{Silver medal}}
| [[Priyanka Goswami]]
|rowspan=2| [[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]]
| [[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10,000 metres walk|Women's 10,000 m walk]]
| {{dts|6 August|addkey=27}}
|-
| {{Silver medal}}
| [[Avinash Sable]]
| [[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 3000 metres steeplechase|Men's 3000 m steeplechase]]
| {{dts|6 August|addkey=28}}
|-
|{{Silver medal}}
| {{columns-list|colwidth=10em|small=yes|style=width:22em|{{ubl|[[Sunil Bahadur]]|[[Navneet Singh (bowls)|Navneet Singh]]|[[Chandan Kumar Singh|Chandan Singh]]|[[Dinesh Kumar (bowls)|Dinesh Kumar]]}}}}
| [[Lawn bowls at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Lawn bowls]]
| [[Lawn bowls at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's fours|Men's fours]]
| {{dts|6 August|addkey=29}}
|-
| {{Silver medal}}
| [[Abdulla Aboobacker]]
| [[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]]
| [[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's triple jump|Men's triple jump]]
| {{dts|7 August|addkey=45}}
|-
| {{Silver medal}}
| [[Sathiyan Gnanasekaran]] [[Sharath Achanta]]
| [[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Table tennis]]
| [[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's doubles|Men's doubles]]
| {{dts|7 August|addkey=49}}
|-
| {{Silver medal}}
| [[India women's national cricket team|India women's cricket team]] {{columns-list|colwidth=10em|small=yes|style=width:22em|{{ubl|[[Harmanpreet Kaur]]|[[Smriti Mandhana]]|[[Taniya Bhatia]]|[[Yastika Bhatia]]|[[Harleen Deol]]|[[Rajeshwari Gayakwad]]|[[Sabbhineni Meghana]]|[[Sneh Rana (cricketer)|Sneh Rana]]|[[Jemimah Rodrigues]]|[[Deepti Sharma]]|[[Meghna Singh]]|[[Renuka Singh (cricketer)|Renuka Singh]]|[[Pooja Vastrakar]]|[[Shafali Verma]]|[[Radha Yadav]]}}}}
| [[Cricket at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Cricket]]
| [[Cricket at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Women's cricket]]
| {{dts|7 August|addkey=52}}
|-
| {{Silver medal}}
| [[Sagar Ahlawat]]
| [[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Boxing]]
| [[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's super heavyweight|Men's +92 kg]]
| {{dts|7 August|addkey=55}}
|-
| {{Silver medal}}
| [[India men's national field hockey team|India men's hockey team]] {{columns-list|colwidth=10em|small=yes|style=width:22em|{{ubl|[[P. R. Sreejesh]]|[[Krishan Pathak]]|[[Varun Kumar (field hockey)|Varun Kumar]]|[[Surender Kumar]]|[[Harmanpreet Singh]]|[[Amit Rohidas]]|[[Jugraj Singh (field hockey, born 1996)|Jugraj Singh]]|[[Jarmanpreet Singh]]|[[Manpreet Singh (field hockey)|Manpreet Singh]]|[[Hardik Singh]]|[[Vivek Prasad]]|[[Shamsher Singh (field hockey)|Shamsher Singh]]|[[Akashdeep Singh]]|[[Nilakanta Sharma]]|[[Mandeep Singh (field hockey)|Mandeep Singh]]|[[Gurjant Singh]]|[[Lalit Upadhyay]]|[[Abhishek (field hockey)|Abhishek]]}}}}
| [[Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Hockey]]
| [[Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's tournament|Men's tournament]]
| {{dts|8 August|addkey=58}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Gururaja Poojary]]
| [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Weightlifting]]
| [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 61 kg|Men's 61 kg]]
| {{dts|30 July|addkey=2}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Vijay Kumar Yadav (judoka)|Vijay Kumar Yadav]]
| [[Judo at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Judo]]
| [[Judo at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 60 kg|Men's 60 kg]]
| {{dts|1 August|addkey=8}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Harjinder Kaur]]
|rowspan=2| [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Weightlifting]]
| [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 71 kg|Women's 71 kg]]
| {{dts|1 August|addkey=9}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Lovepreet Singh (weightlifter)|Lovepreet Singh]]
| [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 109 kg|Men's 109 kg]]
| {{dts|3 August|addkey=14}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Saurav Ghosal]]
| [[Squash at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Squash]]
| [[Squash at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Men's singles]]
| {{dts|3 August|addkey=15}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Gurdeep Singh (weightlifter)|Gurdeep Singh]]
| [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Weightlifting]]
| [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's +109 kg|Men's +109 kg]]
| {{dts|3 August|addkey=17}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Tejaswin Shankar]]
| [[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]]
| [[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's high jump|Men's high jump]]
| {{dts|3 August|addkey=18}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Divya Kakran]]
|rowspan=2| [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]]
| [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 68 kg|Women's freestyle 68 kg]]
| {{dts|5 August|addkey=25}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Mohit Grewal]]
| [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 125 kg|Men's freestyle 125 kg]]
| {{dts|5 August|addkey=26}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Jaismine Lamboria]]
| [[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Boxing]]
| [[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's lightweight|Women's lightweight]]
| {{dts|6 August|addkey=30}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Pooja Gehlot]]
|rowspan=2| [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]]
| [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 50 kg|Women's freestyle 50 kg]]
| {{dts|6 August|addkey=31}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Pooja Sihag]]
| [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 76 kg|Women's freestyle 76 kg]]
| {{dts|6 August|addkey=35}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Mohammad Hussamuddin]]
| [[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Boxing]]
| [[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's featherweight|Men's featherweight]]
| {{dts|6 August|addkey=36}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Deepak Nehra]]
| [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]]
| [[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games - Men's freestyle 97 kg|Men's freestyle 97 kg]]
| {{dts|6 August|addkey=37}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Sonalben Patel]]
| [[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Table tennis]]
| [[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles C3–5|Women's singles C3–5]]
| {{dts|6 August|addkey=38}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Rohit Tokas]]
| [[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Boxing]]
| [[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's welterweight|Men's welterweight]]
| {{dts|6 August|addkey=39}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[India women's national field hockey team|India women's hockey team]] {{columns-list|colwidth=10em|small=yes|style=width:22em|{{ubl|[[Savita Punia]]|[[Rajani Etimarpu]]|[[Deep Grace Ekka]]|[[Gurjit Kaur]]|[[Nikki Pradhan]]|[[Udita Duhan]]|[[Nisha Warsi]]|[[Sushila Chanu]]|[[Monika Malik]]|[[Neha Goyal]]|[[Jyoti (field hockey)|Jyoti]]|[[Sonika Tandi]]|[[Salima Tete]]|[[Vandana Katariya]]|[[Lalremsiami]]|[[Navneet Kaur (field hockey)|Navneet Kaur]]|[[Sharmila Devi]]|[[Sangita Kumari (field hockey)|Sangita Kumari]]}}}}
| [[Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Hockey]]
| [[Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's tournament|Women's tournament]]
| {{dts|7 August|addkey=41}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Sandeep Kumar (racewalker)|Sandeep Kumar]]
|rowspan=2| [[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]]
| [[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 10,000 metres walk|Men's 10,000 m walk]]
| {{dts|7 August|addkey=46}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Annu Rani]]
| [[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's javelin throw|Women's javelin throw]]
| {{dts|7 August|addkey=47}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Saurav Ghosal]] [[Dipika Pallikal]]
| [[Squash at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Squash]]
| [[Squash at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed doubles|Mixed doubles]]
| {{dts|7 August|addkey=50}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Srikanth Kidambi]]
|rowspan=2| [[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Badminton]]
| [[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Men's singles]]
| {{dts|7 August|addkey=51}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Gayathri Gopichand]] [[Treesa Jolly]]
| [[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|Women's doubles]]
| {{dts|7 August|addkey=54}}
|-
| {{Bronze medal}}
| [[Sathiyan Gnanasekaran]]
| [[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Table tennis]]
| [[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Men's singles]]
| {{dts|8 August|addkey=59}}
|}

== Athletics ==
{{main|Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games}}
Following the National Inter-State Athletics Championships in Chennai, a squad of thirty-seven athletes was selected on 16 June 2022.<ref>{{cite web|title=NEERAJ CHOPRA HEADLINES 37-MEMBER INDIAN TEAM SELECTED FOR COMMONWEALTH GAMES|url=https://indianathletics.in/neeraj-chopra-headlines-37-member-indian-team-selected-for-commonwealth-games/|publisher=[[Athletics Federation of India|AFI]]|access-date=16 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616155422/https://indianathletics.in/neeraj-chopra-headlines-37-member-indian-team-selected-for-commonwealth-games/|archive-date=16 June 2022|date=16 June 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=CWG 2022: Neeraj Chopra headlines India's javelin men's trio as AFI names athletics squad|url=https://scroll.in/field/1026327/cwg-2022-neeraj-chopra-headlines-indias-athletics-squad-for-birmingham|access-date=16 June 2022|date=16 June 2022|work=[[Scroll.in]]|publisher=Scroll Media Incorporation|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616155052/https://scroll.in/field/1026327/cwg-2022-neeraj-chopra-headlines-indias-athletics-squad-for-birmingham|archive-date=16 June 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{smalldiv|1=<nowiki/>

;Key
*'''Q''' = Qualified for the next round
*'''q''' = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser ''or'', in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target}}

;Men
;Track & road events
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=2|Heat
!colspan=2|Final
|-style="font-size:100%"
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|'''[[Avinash Sable]]'''
|align=left rowspan=1|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 5000 metres|5000 m]]
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|colspan=2|{{Abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}
|-
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 3000 metres steeplechase|3000 m steeplechase]]
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|8:11.20 [[List of Indian records in athletics|NR]]
|{{silver2}}
|-
|align=left|[[Noah Nirmal Tom]] [[Amoj Jacob]] [[Naganathan Pandi]] [[Muhammed Anas]] [[Muhammed Ajmal Variyathodi]]
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay|4 × 400 m relay]]
|3:06.97
|2 '''Q'''
|3:05.51
|7
|-
|align=left|[[Nitendra Singh Rawat]]
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's marathon|Marathon]]
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|2:19:22
| 12
|-
|align=left|'''[[Sandeep Kumar (racewalker)|Sandeep Kumar]]'''
| rowspan="2" align="left" |[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 10,000 metres walk|10,000 m walk]]
|rowspan=2 colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|38:49.21 {{AthAbbr|PB}}
|{{Bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|[[Amit Khatri]]
|43:04.97 {{AthAbbr|SB}}
|9
|}

;Field events
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=2|Qualification
!colspan=2|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Distance
!Rank
!Distance
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[Tejaswin Shankar]]'''
|align=left |[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's high jump|High jump]]
|colspan="2"{{n/a}}
|2.22
|{{Bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|[[Muhammed Anees]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's long jump|Long jump]]
|7.68
|8 '''q'''
|7.97
|5
|-
|align=left|'''[[Murali Sreeshankar]]'''
|8.05
|1 '''Q'''
|8.08
|{{silver2}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Abdulla Aboobacker]]'''
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's triple jump|Triple jump]]
|rowspan=3 colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|17.02
|{{silver2}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Eldhose Paul]]'''
|17.03
|{{gold1}}
|-
|align=left|[[Praveen Chithravel]]
|16.89
|4
|-
|align=left|[[Devendra Gahlot]]
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's discus throw F44/64|Discus throw F44/64]]
|rowspan=3 colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|42.13
|5
|-
|align=left|[[Devender Kumar]]
|46.28
|7
|-
|align=left|[[Aneesh Pillai]]
|colspan=2|{{Abbr|DNS|Did not start}}
|-
| align="left" |[[D. P. Manu]]
| align=left rowspan="2" |[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's javelin throw|Javelin throw]]
|colspan="2" rowspan="2"{{n/a}}
|82.28
|5
|-
|align=left|[[Rohit Yadav (athlete)|Rohit Yadav]]
|82.22
|6
|}

;Women
;Track & road events
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=2|Heat
!colspan=2|Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Dutee Chand]]
|align=left rowspan=1|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metres|100 m]]
|11.55
|4
|colspan=4| did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Hima Das]]
|align=left rowspan=1|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 200 metres|200 m]]
|23.42
|1 '''Q'''
|23.42
|3
|colspan=2|Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Jyothi Yarraji]]
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metres hurdles|100 m hurdles]]
|13.18
|4
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|colspan=2| did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Dutee Chand]] [[Hima Das]] [[Srabani Nanda]] [[Jyothi Yarraji]]
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 m relay]]
|44.45
|2 '''Q'''
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|43.81
|5
|-
|align=left|[[Bhawna Jat]]
| rowspan="2" align="left" |[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10,000 metres walk|10,000 m walk]]
|rowspan=2 colspan=4 {{n/a}}
|47:14.13 {{AthAbbr|PB}}
|8
|-
|align=left|'''[[Priyanka Goswami]]'''
|43:38.83 {{AthAbbr|PB}}
|{{silver2}}
|}

;Field events
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=2|Qualification
!colspan=2|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Distance
!Rank
!Distance
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Ancy Sojan]]
|align=left rowspan=1|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's long jump|Long jump]]
|6.25
|13
|colspan=2| did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Manpreet Kaur]]
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's shot put|Shot put]]
|16.78
|7 '''q'''
|15.59
|12
|-
|align=left|[[Poonam Sharma]]
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's shot put (F57)|Shot put (F57)]]
|rowspan=3 colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|7.07 {{AthAbbr|PB}}/{{AthAbbr|GR}}
|7
|-
|align=left|[[Santosh (athlete)|Santosh]]
|6.53
|8
|-
|align=left|[[Sharmila (athlete)|Sharmila]]
|8.43 {{AthAbbr|PB}}
|4
|-
|align=left|[[Navjeet Dhillon]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's discus throw|Discus throw]]
|rowspan=2 colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|53.51
|8
|-
|align=left|[[Seema Punia]]
|55.92
|5
|-
|align=left|[[Manju Bala]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's hammer throw|Hammer throw]]
|59.68
|11 '''q'''
|60.96
|12
|-
|align=left|[[Sarita Singh (athlete)|Sarita Singh]]
|57.48
|13
|colspan=2| did not advance
|-
|align=left|'''[[Annu Rani]]'''
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's javelin throw|Javelin throw]]
|rowspan=2 colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|60.00
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|[[Shilpa Rani]]
|54.62
|7
|}

==Badminton==
{{main|Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games}}
By virtue of its position in the combined [[BWF World Ranking]] (as of 1 February 2022), India qualified for the mixed team event.<ref>{{cite web|title=CGF Sport Update|url=https://mcusercontent.com/f10a798540c235ff87d5c474b/files/c7aec437-8d39-29e3-eb1c-bd417bb5fbea/24_03_2022_CGF_Sport_Update_to_CGAs.pdf|publisher=[[Commonwealth Games Federation|Commonwealth Sport]]|access-date=20 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413131918/https://mcusercontent.com/f10a798540c235ff87d5c474b/files/c7aec437-8d39-29e3-eb1c-bd417bb5fbea/24_03_2022_CGF_Sport_Update_to_CGAs.pdf|archive-date=13 April 2022|page=5|date=24 March 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the Senior Selection Trials, a full squad of ten players was selected on 20 April 2022.<ref>{{cite web|title=Minutes of the Senior Selection Committee Meeting [...]|url=https://www.badmintonindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/BAI-Team-for-CWG-TU-AG-2022.pdf|publisher=[[Badminton Association of India|BAI]]|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421125517/https://www.badmintonindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/BAI-Team-for-CWG-TU-AG-2022.pdf|archive-date=21 April 2022|date=20 April 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Badminton: Aakarshi makes cut for all major events; Priyanshu, Unnati named in Asiad, TUC squads|url=https://scroll.in/field/1022342/badminton-aakarshi-makes-cut-for-all-major-events-priyanshu-unnati-named-in-asiad-tuc-squads|access-date=21 April 2022|work=[[Scroll.in]]|publisher=Scroll Media Incorporation|date=21 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421124904/https://scroll.in/field/1022342/badminton-aakarshi-makes-cut-for-all-major-events-priyanshu-unnati-named-in-asiad-tuc-squads|archive-date=21 April 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Singles
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!Round of 64
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[Lakshya Sen]]'''
|align=left rowspan="2"|[[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Men's singles]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Vernon Smeed|Smeed]]|SHN|2022}} '''W''' (21–4, 21–5)
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Lin Ying Xiang|Lin Y X]]|AUS|2022}} '''W''' (21–9, 21–16)
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Julien Paul|Paul]]|MRI|2022}} '''W''' (21–12, 21–11)
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Jason Teh|Teh]]|SGP|2022}} '''W''' (21–10, 18–21, 21–16)
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Ng Tze Yong|Ng T Y]]|MAS|2022}} '''W''' (19–21, 21–9, 21–16)
|{{gold1}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Srikanth Kidambi]]'''
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Daniel Wanagaliya|Wanagaliya]]|UGA|2022}} '''W''' (21–9, 21–9)
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Dumindu Abeywickrama|Abeywickrama]]|SRI|2022}} '''W''' (21–9, 21–12)
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Toby Penty|Penty]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' (21–19, 21–17)
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Ng Tze Yong|Ng T Y]]|MAS|2022}} '''L''' (21–13, 19–21, 10–21)
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Jason Teh|Teh]]|SGP|2022}} '''W''' (21–9, 21–18)
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[P. V. Sindhu]]'''
|align=left rowspan="2"|[[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Women's singles]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Fathimath Nabaaha Abdul Razzaq|Abdul Razzaq]]|MDV|2022}} '''W''' (21–4, 21–11)
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Husina Kobugabe|Kobugabe]]|UGA|2022}} '''W''' (21–10, 21–9)
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Goh Jin Wei|Goh J W]]|MAS|2022}} '''W''' (19–21, 21–14, 21–18)
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Yeo Jia Min|Yeo J M]]|SGP|2022}} '''W''' (21–19, 21–17)
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Michelle Li|Li]]|CAN|2022}} '''W''' (21–15, 21–13)
|{{gold1}}
|-
|align=left|[[Aakarshi Kashyap]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Mahoor Shahzad|Shahzad]]|PAK|2022}} '''W''' (22–20, 8–1 {{Abbr|ret.|Retired}})
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Eva Kattirtzi|Kattirtzi]]|CYP|2022}} '''W''' (21–2, 21–7)
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Kirsty Gilmour|Gilmour]]|SCO|2022}} '''L''' (10–21, 7–21)
|colspan=3 |Did not advance
|}

;Doubles
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!Round of 64
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy]] [[Chirag Shetty]]'''
|align=left|[[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's doubles|Men's doubles]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Murad Ali|Ali]] / [[Muhammad Irfan Saeed Bhatti|Bhatti]]|PAK|2022}} '''W''' (21–8, 21–7)
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Jacob Schueler (badminton)|Schueler]] / [[Nathan Tang|Tang]]|AUS|2022}} '''W''' (21–9, 21–11)
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Chan Peng Soon|Chan P S]] / [[Tan Kian Meng|Tan K M]]|MAS|2022}} '''W''' (21–6, 21–15)
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Ben Lane|Lane]] / [[Sean Vendy|Vendy]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' (21–15, 21–13)
|{{gold01}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Gayatri Gopichand]] [[Treesa Jolly]]'''
|align=left|[[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|Women's doubles]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Jemimah Leung|Leung]] / [[Ganesha Mungrah|Mungrah]]|MRI|2022}} '''W''' (21–2, 21–4)
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Tahlia Richardson|Richardson]] / [[Katherine Wynter|Wynter]]|JAM|2022}} '''W''' (21–8, 21–6)
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Pearly Tan|Tan]] / [[Thinaah Muralitharan|Muralitharan]]|MAS|2022}} '''L''' (13–21, 16–21)
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Chen Hsuan-yu|Chen H-y]] / [[Gronya Somerville|Somerville]]|AUS|2022}} '''W''' (21–15, 21–18)
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|[[B. Sumeeth Reddy]] [[Ashwini Ponnappa]]
|align=left|[[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed doubles|Mixed doubles]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Callum Hemming|Hemming]] / [[Jessica Pugh|Pugh]]|ENG|2022}} '''L''' (18–21, 16–21)
|colspan=5 |Did not advance
|}

;Mixed team
{{main|Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed team}}

;Summary
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Team
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=4|Group stage
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|-style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[India national badminton team|India]]'''
|align=left|[[Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed team|Mixed team]]
|{{bd|PAK}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{bd|SRI}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{bd|AUS}} '''W''' 4–1
|1 '''Q'''
|{{bd|RSA}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{bd|SGP}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{bd|MAS}} '''L''' 1–3
|{{silver2}}
|}

;Squad
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*'''[[Srikanth Kidambi]]'''
*'''[[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy]]'''
*'''[[B. Sumeeth Reddy]]'''
*'''[[Lakshya Sen]]'''
*'''[[Chirag Shetty]]'''
*'''[[Gayatri Gopichand]]'''
*'''[[Treesa Jolly]]'''
*'''[[Aakarshi Kashyap]]'''
*'''[[Ashwini Ponnappa]]'''
*'''[[P. V. Sindhu]]'''
{{div col end}}

;Group stage
{{#section:Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed team|G1Standings}}
{{#section:Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed team|G1M1}}
{{#section:Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed team|G1M4}}
{{#section:Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed team|G1M5}}

;Quarter Finals
{{#section:Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed team|QF4}}

;Semi Finals
{{#section:Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed team|SF2}}

;Final
{{#section:Badminton at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed team|GF}}

==Boxing==
{{main|Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games}}
Following the men's selection trials on 2 June 2022, eight boxers were selected for the competition.<ref>{{cite news|title=2022 Commonwealth Games: Shiva Thapa, Amit Panghal, Six Others Secure Place in Indian Boxing Contingent|url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/2022-commonwealth-games-shiva-thapa-amit-panghal-six-others-secure-place-in-indian-boxing-contingent-5300737.html|access-date=3 June 2022|work=News18|agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|date=2 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603191909/https://www.news18.com/news/sports/2022-commonwealth-games-shiva-thapa-amit-panghal-six-others-secure-place-in-indian-boxing-contingent-5300737.html|archive-date=3 June 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=June 11, 2022|title=Commonwealth Games: Nikhat Zareen, Lovlina Borgohain in India's boxing team|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/commonwealth-games-nikhat-zareen-lovlina-borgohain-in-india-s-boxing-team-1961145-2022-06-11|access-date=2022-06-11|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> The women's trials and selection of four more boxers followed on 11 June 2022.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ticket to Birmingham|url=https://www.facebook.com/BoxingFederationIndia/posts/pfbid02fsPFrSm5dM8mN6vLYVbkJmLMrGFuECdYQcwH8nb4WxwRK2JxaBfDWvU6uAEtQEtXl|publisher=[[Boxing Federation of India|BFI]] (Facebook)|access-date=11 June 2022|date=11 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Lovlina, Nikhat in Commonwealth Games squad|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/lovlina-nikhat-in-commonwealth-games-squad/article65517398.ece|access-date=11 June 2022|work=[[The Hindu]]|publisher=[[The Hindu Group]]|date=11 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611120913/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/lovlina-nikhat-in-commonwealth-games-squad/article65517398.ece|archive-date=11 June 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Men
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
! rowspan="2"|Athlete
! rowspan="2"|Event
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!colspan=2|Final
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[Amit Panghal]]'''
|align=left|[[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's flyweight|51 kg]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Namri Berri|Berri]]|VAN|2022}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Lennon Mulligan|Mulligan]]|SCO|2022}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Patrick Chinyemba|Chinyemba]]|ZAM|2022}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Kiaran MacDonald|MacDonald]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{gold1}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Mohammad Hussamuddin]]'''
|align=left|[[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's featherweight|57 kg]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Amzolele Dyeyi|Dyeyi]]|RSA|2022}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Salim Hossain|Hossain]]|BAN|2022}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Tryagain Ndevelo|Ndevelo]]|NAM|2022}} '''W''' 4–1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Joseph Commey|Commey]]|GHA|2022}} '''L''' 1–4
|Did not advance
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|[[Shiva Thapa]]
|align=left|[[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's light welterweight|63.5 kg]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Suleman Baloch|Baloch]]|PAK|2022}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Reese Lynch|Lynch]]|SCO|2022}} '''L''' 1–4
|colspan=4|Did not advance
|-
|align=left|'''[[Rohit Tokas]]'''
|align=left|[[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's welterweight|67 kg]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Alfred Kotey (boxer, born 2000)|Kotey]]|GHA|2022}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Xavier Mata'afa-Ikinofo|Mata'afa-Ikinofo]]|NIU|2022}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Stephen Zimba|Zimba]]|ZAM|2022}} '''L''' 2–3
|Did not advance
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|[[Sumit Kundu]]
|align=left|[[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's middleweight|75 kg]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Callum Peters|Peters]]|AUS|2022}} '''L''' 0–5
|colspan=4|Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Ashish Kumar (boxer)|Ashish Kumar]]
|align=left|[[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's light heavyweight|80 kg]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Travis Tapatuetoa|Tapatuetoa]]|NIU|2022}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Aaron Bowen|Bowen]]|ENG|2022}} '''L''' 1–4
|colspan=3 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Sanjeet Kumar]]
|align=left|[[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's heavyweight|92 kg]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Ato Plodzicki-Faoagali|Plodzicki-Faoagali]]|SAM|2022}} '''L''' 2–3
|colspan=4|Did not advance
|-
|align=left|'''[[Sagar Ahlawat]]'''
|align=left|[[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's super heavyweight|+92 kg]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Maxime Yegnong|Yegnong]]|CMR|2022}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Keddy Agnes|Agnes]]|SEY|2022}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Ifeanyi Onyekwere|Onyekwere]]|NGR|2022}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Delicious Orie|Orie]]|ENG|2022}} '''L''' 0–5
|{{silver2}}
|}

;Women
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
! rowspan="2"|Athlete
! rowspan="2"|Event
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!colspan=2|Final
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[Nitu Ghanghas]]'''
|align=left|[[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's minimumweight|48 kg]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Nicole Clyde|Clyde]]|NIR|2022}} '''W''' {{Abbr|ABD|Abandon}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Priyanka Dhillon|Dhillon]]|CAN|2022}} '''W''' {{Abbr|RSC|Referee stops contest}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Demie-Jade Resztan|Resztan]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{gold1}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Nikhat Zareen]]'''
|align=left|[[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's light flyweight|50 kg]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Helena Bagao|Bagao]]|MOZ|2022}} '''W''' {{Abbr|RSC|Referee stops contest}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Helen Jones (boxer)|Jones]]|WAL|2022}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Savannah Stubley|Stubley]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Carly McNaul|McNaul]]|NIR|2022}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{gold1}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Jaismine Lamboria]]'''
|align=left|[[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's lightweight|60 kg]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Troy Garton|Garton]]|NZL|2022}} '''W''' 4–1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Gemma Richardson|Richardson]]|ENG|2022}} '''L''' 2–3
|Did not advance
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|[[Lovlina Borgohain]]
|align=left|[[Boxing at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's light middleweight|70 kg]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Ariane Nicholson|Nicholson]]|NZL|2022}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Rosie Eccles|Eccles]]|WAL|2022}} '''L''' 2–3
|colspan=3|Did not advance
|}

==Cricket==
{{main|Cricket at the 2022 Commonwealth Games}}
By virtue of its position in the [[ICC Women's ODI and T20I rankings|ICC Women's T20I rankings]] (as of 1 April 2021), India qualified for the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/2119180|title=Cricket first sport to announce qualifiers for Commonwealth Games|work=[[International Cricket Council|ICC]]|date=26 April 2021|access-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426125417/https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/2119180|archive-date=26 April 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=2022 Commonwealth Games {{!}} India, Australia and Pakistan among eight countries to compete in women's T20|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/2022-commonwealth-games-india-australia-and-pakistan-among-eight-countries-to-compete-in-womens-t20/article34415192.ece|access-date=3 January 2022|work=[[The Hindu]]|publisher=[[The Hindu Group]]|date=26 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426131629/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/2022-commonwealth-games-india-australia-and-pakistan-among-eight-countries-to-compete-in-womens-t20/article34415192.ece|archive-date=26 April 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

Fixtures were announced in November 2021.<ref>{{cite news|title=India to face Australia in opening cricket match of Commonwealth Games 2022|url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/india-to-face-australia-in-opening-cricket-match-of-common-wealth-games-2022|access-date=3 January 2022|work=Women's CricZone|date=12 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112115414/https://www.womenscriczone.com/india-to-face-australia-in-opening-cricket-match-of-common-wealth-games-2022|archive-date=12 November 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Summary
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"
|-
!rowspan=2|Team
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=4|Group stage
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|-style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[India women's national cricket team|India women]]'''
|align=left|[[Cricket at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Women's tournament]]
|{{crw|AUS}} '''L''' 3 wickets
|{{crw|PAK}} '''W''' 8 wickets
|{{crw|BAR}} '''W''' 100 runs
|2 '''Q'''
|{{crw|ENG}} '''W''' 4 runs
|{{crw|AUS}} '''L''' 9 runs
|{{silver2}}
|}

;Roster
Fifteen players were officially selected on 11 July 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=TEAM INDIA (SENIOR WOMEN) SQUAD FOR BIRMINGHAM 2022 COMMONWEALTH GAMES ANNOUNCED |url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2022/news/55555899/team-india-senior-women-squad-for-birmingham-2022-commonwealth-games-announced?type=Latest |publisher=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] |access-date=11 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711182402/https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2022/news/55555899/team-india-senior-women-squad-for-birmingham-2022-commonwealth-games-announced?type=Latest |archive-date=11 July 2022 |date=11 July 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em|style=font-weight: bold;}}
* [[Harmanpreet Kaur]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Smriti Mandhana]] ([[captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]])
* [[Taniya Bhatia]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Yastika Bhatia]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Harleen Deol]]
* [[Rajeshwari Gayakwad]]
* [[Sabbhineni Meghana]]
* [[Sneh Rana (cricketer)|Sneh Rana]]
* [[Jemimah Rodrigues]]
* [[Deepti Sharma]]
* [[Meghna Singh]]
* [[Renuka Singh (cricketer)|Renuka Singh]]
* [[Pooja Vastrakar]]
* [[Shafali Verma]]
* [[Radha Yadav]]
{{div col end}}
Reserves: [[Simran Bahadur]], [[Richa Ghosh]], [[Poonam Yadav]]

;Group play
{{#section:Cricket at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|AStandings}}

{{#section:Cricket at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|A1}}
----
{{#section:Cricket at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|A3}}
----
{{#section:Cricket at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|A6}}

;Semi-final
{{#section:Cricket at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|C1}}

;Gold medal match
{{#section:Cricket at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|D2}}

==Cycling==
{{main|Cycling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games}}
Thirteen cyclists (9 men and 4 women) have been officially selected to represent India at CWG 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commonwealth Games: भारत को पदक दिलाने के लिए साथ खेलेंगे रोनाल्डो और डेविड बेकहम, जानें उनके बारे में सब कुछ |url=https://www.amarujala.com/sports/commonwealth-games-2022-indian-cyclist-ronaldo-singh-and-david-beckham-chance-to-win-medal-in-cycling-competition-know-everything-about-them |access-date=11 July 2022 |date=11 July 2022 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711182844/https://www.amarujala.com/sports/commonwealth-games-2022-indian-cyclist-ronaldo-singh-and-david-beckham-chance-to-win-medal-in-cycling-competition-know-everything-about-them |archive-date=11 July 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Track===
;Sprint
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=2|Qualification
!Round 1
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!colspan=2|Final
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Time
!Rank
!Opposition Time
!Opposition Time
!Opposition Time
!Opposition Time
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Esow Alben]]
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Cycling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's sprint|Men's individual]]
|10.361
|23
|colspan=5 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Ronaldo Laitonjam]]
|10.012
|13 '''Q'''
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Matthew Glaetzer|Glaetzer]]|AUS|2022}} '''L''' +0.162
|colspan=4 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[David Elkatohchoongo]]
|10.120
|18
|colspan=5 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Rojit Yanglem]] [[Ronaldo Laitonjam]] [[David Elkatohchoongo]] [[Esow Alben]]
|align=left|[[Cycling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's team sprint|Men's team]]
|44.702
|6
|colspan=3 {{n/a}}
|colspan=2 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Mayuri Lute]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Cycling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's sprint|Women's individual]]
|11.542
|20
|colspan=5 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Triyasha Paul]]
|11.813
|23
|colspan=5 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Mayuri Lute]] [[Triyasha Paul]] [[Shushikala Agashe]]
|align=left|[[Cycling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's team sprint|Women's team]]
|51.433
|7
|colspan=3 {{n/a}}
|colspan=2 |Did not advance
|}

;Keirin
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!First round
!Repechage
!Second round
!Final
|-style=font-size:95%
!Rank
!Rank
!Rank
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Esow Alben]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Cycling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's keirin|Men]]
|6 '''R'''
|2
|colspan=2 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[David Elkatohchoongo]]
|4 '''R'''
|2
|colspan=2 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Shushikala Agashe]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Cycling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's keirin|Women]]
|6 '''R'''
|4
|colspan=2 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Triyasha Paul]]
|6 '''R'''
|3
|colspan=2 |Did not advance
|}

;Time trial
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"
|-
!Athlete
!Event
!Time
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Ronaldo Laitonjam]]
|align=left|[[Cycling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 1 km time trial|Men]]
|1:02.500
|12
|-
|align=left|[[Mayuri Lute]]
|align=left|[[Cycling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 500 m time trial|Women]]
|36.868
|18
|}

;Pursuit
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=2|Qualification
!colspan=2|Final
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Time
!Rank
!Opponent Results
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Dinesh Kumar (cyclist)|Dinesh Kumar]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Cycling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's individual pursuit|Men's individual]]
|4:37.066
|19
| colspan="2" |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Vishavjeet Singh]]
|4:36.709
|18
| colspan="2" |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Vishavjeet Singh]] [[Naman Kapil]] [[Venkappa Kengalagutti]] [[Anantha Narayanan]] [[Dinesh Kumar (cyclist)|Dinesh Kumar]]
|align=left|[[Cycling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's team pursuit|Men's team]]
|4:12.865
|6
|colspan=2 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Meenakshi Rohilla]]
|align=left rowspan=1|[[Cycling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's individual pursuit|Women's individual]]
|3:49.596
|15
|colspan=2 |Did not advance
|}

;Points race
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=2|Final
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Points
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Venkappa Kengalagutti]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Cycling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's points race|Men]]
|{{n/a}}
|10 {{Abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}
|-
|align=left|[[Naman Kapil]]
|{{n/a}}
|10 {{Abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}
|}

;Scratch race
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"
|-
!Athlete
!Event
!Qualification
!Final
|-
|align=left|[[Vishavjeet Singh]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Cycling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's scratch race|Men]]
|5 '''Q'''
|13 {{Abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}
|-
|align=left|[[Naman Kapil]]
|11
|Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Meenakshi Rohilla]]
|align=left rowspan=1|[[Cycling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's scratch race|Women]]
| {{n/a}}
|19 {{Abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}
|}

==Gymnastics==
{{main|Gymnastics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games}}

===Artistic===
;Men
;Team Final & Individual Qualification
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=6|Apparatus
!rowspan=2|Total
!rowspan=2|Rank
|-style=font-size:95%
!{{abbr|F|Floor}}
!{{abbr|PH|Pommel horse}}
!{{abbr|R|Rings}}
!{{abbr|V|Vault}}
!{{abbr|PB|Parallel bars}}
!{{abbr|HB|Horizontal bar}}
|-
|align=left|[[Yogeshwar Singh]]
|align=left rowspan=4|[[Gymnastics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's artistic team all-around|Team]]
|11.300
|11.200
|11.950
|13.000
|13.450
|12.700
|73.600
|18 '''Q'''
|-
|align=left|[[Satyajit Mondal]]
|7.850
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|13.400
|colspan=4 {{n/a}}
|-
|align=left|[[Saif Tamboli]]
|colspan=4 {{n/a}}
|14.050
|colspan=3 {{n/a}}
|-
|align=left|'''Total'''
|'''19.150'''
|'''11.200'''
|'''11.950'''
|'''26.400'''
|'''27.500'''
|'''12.700'''
|'''108.900'''
|8
|}

;Individual Finals
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=6|Apparatus
!rowspan=2|Total
!rowspan=2|Rank
|- style="font-size:95%"
!{{abbr|F|Floor}}
!{{abbr|PH|Pommel horse}}
!{{abbr|R|Rings}}
!{{abbr|V|Vault}}
!{{abbr|PB|Parallel bars}}
!{{abbr|HB|Horizontal bar}}
|-
|align=left|[[Yogeshwar Singh]]
|align=left|[[Gymnastics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's artistic individual all-around|All-around]]
|11.500
|12.900
|12.350
|13.200
|12.050
|12.700
|74.700
|15
|}

;Women
;Team Final & Individual Qualification
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=4|Apparatus
!rowspan=2|Total
!rowspan=2|Rank
|-style=font-size:95%
!{{abbr|V|Vault}}
!{{abbr|UB|Uneven bars}}
!{{abbr|BB|Balance beam}}
!{{abbr|F|Floor}}
|-
|align=left|[[Ruthuja Nataraj]]
|align=left rowspan=4|[[Gymnastics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's artistic team all-around|Team]]
|12.300
|11.950
|11.350
|10.650
|46.250
|16 '''Q'''
|-
|align=left|[[Protistha Samanta]]
|12.900
|colspan=5 {{n/a}}
|-
|align=left|[[Pranati Nayak]]
|13.600 '''Q'''
|9.250
|11.000
|9.650
|43.500
|25
|-
|align=left|'''Total'''
|'''38.800'''
|'''21.200'''
|'''22.350'''
|'''20.300'''
|'''102.650'''
|9
|}

;Individual events
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=4|Apparatus
!rowspan=2|Total
!rowspan=2|Rank
|- style="font-size:95%"
!{{abbr|V|Vault}}
!{{abbr|UB|Uneven bars}}
!{{abbr|BB|Balance beam}}
!{{abbr|F|Floor}}
|-
|align=left|[[Ruthuja Nataraj]]
|align=left|[[Gymnastics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's artistic individual all-around|All-around]]
|12.950
|10.000
|10.250
|9.800
|43.000
|17
|-
|align=left|[[Pranati Nayak]]
|align=left|[[Gymnastics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's vault|Vault]]
|12.699
|colspan=4 {{n/a}}
|5
|}

===Rhythmic===
;Individual Qualification
{| class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=4|Apparatus
!rowspan=2|Total
!rowspan=2|Rank
|-style=font-size:95%
!Hoop
!Ball
!Clubs
!Ribbon
|-
|align=left|[[Bavleen Kaur]]
|align=left|Qualification
|18.100
|18.750
|18.450
|17.400
|72.700
|29
|}

==Hockey==
{{main|Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games}}
By virtue of its position in the [[International Hockey Federation|FIH]] World Rankings for [[FIH Men's World Ranking|men]] and [[FIH Women's World Ranking|women]] respectively (as of 1 February 2022), India qualified for both tournaments.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lineup confirmed for Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games|url=https://www.fih.ch/news/lineup-confirmed-for-birmingham-2022-commonwealth-games/|publisher=[[International Hockey Federation|FIH]]|access-date=6 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302102954/https://www.fih.ch/news/lineup-confirmed-for-birmingham-2022-commonwealth-games/|archive-date=2 March 2022|date=2 March 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Detailed fixtures were released on 9 March 2022.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Selvaraj|first1=Jonathan|title=Hockey: Decoding India's draws at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/field-hockey/story/_/id/33460434/hockey-commonwealth-games-2022-decoding-india-draws|access-date=12 March 2022|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=9 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312145952/https://www.espn.co.uk/field-hockey/story/_/id/33460434/hockey-commonwealth-games-2022-decoding-india-draws|archive-date=12 March 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

Hockey India originally sought to send reserve squads to the Commonwealth Games; this was so the primary squads could focus on the [[Field hockey at the 2022 Asian Games|Asian Games tournaments]] and attempt to qualify for the [[Field hockey at the 2024 Summer Olympics|2024 Summer Olympics]] at the first opportunity.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sankar|first1=Vimal|title=Hockey India to send reserve teams for Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1119894/india-reserve-team-hockey-cwg|access-date=6 March 2022|work=[[Inside the Games]]|publisher=Dunsar Media|date=28 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228173455/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1119894/india-reserve-team-hockey-cwg|archive-date=28 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Owing to the subsequent postponement of the 2022 Asian Games, a full-strength men's squad for the Commonwealth Games was confirmed on 20 June 2022;<ref>{{cite news|title=Hockey India Selected 18-member Indian Team for Commonwealth Games 2022|url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/hockey-india-selected-18-member-indian-team-for-commonwealth-games-2022-1027424|access-date=20 June 2022|work=Cricket Country|publisher=India Dot Com Private Limited|date=20 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620103159/https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/hockey-india-selected-18-member-indian-team-for-commonwealth-games-2022-1027424|archive-date=20 June 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> an experienced women's squad was also confirmed on 23 June 2022.<ref>{{cite news|title=Savita to lead Indian women's hockey team for Commonwealth Games 2022|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/hockey/savita-to-lead-indian-womens-hockey-team-for-commonwealth-games-202220220623161302/|access-date=23 June 2022|agency=[[Asian News International|ANI]]|date=23 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623105313/https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/hockey/savita-to-lead-indian-womens-hockey-team-for-commonwealth-games-202220220623161302/|archive-date=23 June 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Summary
{{smalldiv|1=<nowiki/>
'''Key''':
* FT = After [[Full-time (sports)|full time]]
* P = Match decided by [[Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)|penalty-shootout]]
}}
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Team
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=5|Preliminary round
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}} / {{abbr|PM|Placement match}}
|-style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[India men's national field hockey team|India men]]'''
|align=left|[[Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's tournament|Men's tournament]]
|{{fh|GHA}} '''W''' 11–0
|{{fh|ENG}} '''D''' 4–4
|{{fh|CAN}} '''W''' 8–0
|{{fh|WAL}} '''W''' 4–1
|1 '''Q'''
|{{fh|RSA}} '''W''' 3–2
|{{fh|AUS}} '''L''' 0–7
|{{silver2}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[India women's national field hockey team|India women]]'''
|align=left|[[Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's tournament|Women's tournament]]
|{{fhw|GHA}} '''W''' 5–0
|{{fhw|WAL}} '''W''' 3–1
|{{fhw|ENG}} '''L''' 1–3
|{{fhw|CAN}} '''W''' 3–2
|2 '''Q'''
|{{fhw|AUS}} '''L''' 0–3P FT: 1–1
|{{fhw|NZL}} '''W''' 2–1P FT: 1–1
|{{bronze3}}
|}

===Men's tournament===
{{main|Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's tournament}}

;Roster
{{div col|colwidth=20em|style=font-weight: bold;}}
*[[P. R. Sreejesh]] ([[Goalkeeper (field hockey)|gk]])
*[[Krishan Pathak]] ([[Goalkeeper (field hockey)|gk]])
*[[Varun Kumar (field hockey)|Varun Kumar]]
*[[Surender Kumar]]
*[[Harmanpreet Singh]] ([[Vice-captain|vc]])
*[[Amit Rohidas]]
*[[Jugraj Singh (field hockey, born 1996)|Jugraj Singh]]
*[[Jarmanpreet Singh]]
*[[Manpreet Singh (field hockey)|Manpreet Singh]] ([[Captain (sports)|c]])
*[[Hardik Singh]]
*[[Vivek Prasad]]
*[[Shamsher Singh (field hockey)|Shamsher Singh]]
*[[Akashdeep Singh]]
*[[Nilakanta Sharma]]
*[[Mandeep Singh (field hockey)|Mandeep Singh]]
*[[Gurjant Singh]]
*[[Lalit Upadhyay]]
*[[Abhishek (field hockey)|Abhishek]]
{{div col end}}

;Group play
{{#section:Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's tournament|BStandings}}

{{#section:Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's tournament|B4}}
----
{{#section:Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's tournament|B5}}
----
{{#section:Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's tournament|B7}}
----
{{#section:Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's tournament|B9}}

;Semi Final
{{#section:Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's tournament|D2}}

;Gold medal match
{{#section:Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's tournament|E2}}

===Women's tournament===
{{main|Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's tournament}}

;Roster
{{div col|colwidth=20em|style=font-weight: bold;}}
*[[Savita Punia]] ([[Captain (sports)|c]], [[Goalkeeper (field hockey)|gk]])
*[[Rajani Etimarpu]] ([[Goalkeeper (field hockey)|gk]])
*[[Deep Grace Ekka]] ([[Vice-captain|vc]])
*[[Gurjit Kaur]]
*[[Nikki Pradhan]]
*[[Udita Duhan]]
*[[Nisha Warsi]]
*[[Sushila Chanu]]
*[[Monika Malik]]
*[[Neha Goyal]]
*[[Jyoti (field hockey)|Jyoti]]
*[[Sonika Tandi]]
*[[Salima Tete]]
*[[Vandana Katariya]]
*[[Lalremsiami]]
*[[Navneet Kaur (field hockey)|Navneet Kaur]]
*[[Sharmila Devi]]
*[[Sangita Kumari (field hockey)|Sangita Kumari]]
{{div col end}}

;Group play
{{#section:Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's tournament|AStandings}}

{{#section:Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's tournament|A1}}
----
{{#section:Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's tournament|A4}}
----
{{#section:Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's tournament|A8}}
----
{{#section:Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's tournament|A9}}

;Semi Final
{{#section:Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's tournament|D2}}

;Bronze medal match
{{#section:Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's tournament|E1}}

==Judo==
{{main|Judo at the 2022 Commonwealth Games}}
India announced a six-member judo team following selection trials held from May 23 to May 26.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 22, 2022|title=Selection trials to be held in seven weight categories to pick Judo team for Commonwealth Games|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/judo-selection-trials-commonwealth-games-2022-cwg-birmingham-india-team/article38496401.ece|website=Sportstar|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=July 9, 2022|title=India at Commonwealth Games 2022: Athletes and teams who have made the Birmingham cut|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/indian-athletes-qualified-commonwealth-games-2022-birmingham|website=Olympics|language=en}}</ref>

;Men
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
! rowspan="2"|Athlete
! rowspan="2"|Event
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!Repechage
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[Vijay Kumar Yadav (judoka)|Vijay Kumar Yadav]]'''
|align=left|[[Judo at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 60 kg|60 kg]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Winsley Gangaya|Gangaya]]|MRI|2022}} '''W''' 10–0s1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Josh Katz (judoka)|Katz]]|AUS|2022}} '''L''' 0s2–10s1
|Did not advance
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Dylan Munro|Munro]]|SCO|2022}} '''W''' 1s2–0s1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Petros Christodoulides|Christodoulides]]|CYP|2022}} '''W''' 10–0
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|[[Jasleen Singh Saini]]
|align=left|[[Judo at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 66 kg|66 kg]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Maxence Cugola|Cugola]]|VAN|2022}} '''W''' 10s1–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Nathon Burns|Burns]]|NIR|2022}} '''W''' 10s1–0s3
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Finlay Allan|Allan]]|SCO|2022}} '''L''' 0s1–10
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Nathan Katz (judoka)|Katz]]|AUS|2022}} '''L''' 0–10s2
|5
|-
|align=left|[[Deepak Deswal]]
|align=left|[[Judo at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 kg|100 kg]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Erick Omgba Fouda|Omgba Fouda]]|CMR|2022}} '''W'''10s2–0s3
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Harry Lovell-Hewitt|Lovell-Hewitt]]|ENG|2022}} '''L''' 0s3–10
|Did not advance
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Tevita Takayawa|Takayawa]]|FIJ|2022}} '''L''' 0–10
|colspan=2|Did not advance
|}

;Women
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
! rowspan="2"|Athlete
! rowspan="2"|Event
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinals
!Semifinals
!Repechage
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[Shushila Likmabam]]'''
|align=left|[[Judo at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 48 kg|48 kg]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Harriet Boniface|Boniface]]|MAW|2022}} '''W''' 10s1–0s1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Priscilla Morand|Morand]]|MRI|2022}} '''W''' 10s2–0s2
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Geronay Whitebooi|Whitebooi]]|RSA|2022}} '''L''' 0s2–1s2
|{{silver2}}
|-
|align=left|[[Suchika Tariyal]]
|align=left|[[Judo at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 57 kg|57 kg]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Rita Kabinda|Kabinda]]|ZAM|2022}} '''W''' 10s1–1s1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Christa Deguchi|Deguchi]]|CAN|2022}} '''L''' 0–11
|Did not advance
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Donne Breytenbach|Breytenbach]]|RSA|2022}} '''W''' 11s1–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Christianne Legentil|Legentil]]|MRI|2022}} '''L''' 0s1–1s2
|5
|-
|align=left|'''[[Tulika Maan]]'''
|align=left|[[Judo at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's +78 kg|+78 kg]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Tracy Durhone|Durhone]]|MRI|2022}} '''W''' 10–0s2
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Sydnee Andrews|Andrews]]|NZL|2022}} '''W''' 10s1–1
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Sarah Adlington|Adlington]]|SCO|2022}} '''L''' 1s2–10
| {{silver2}}
|}

==Lawn bowls==
{{main|Lawn bowls at the 2022 Commonwealth Games}}

;Men
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:88%; text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=5|Group stage
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Mridul Borgohain]]
|align=left|[[Lawn bowls at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Singles]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Shannon McIlroy|McIlroy]]|NZL|2022}} '''L''' 8–21
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Chris Locke (bowls)|Locke]]|FLK|2022}} '''W''' 21–5
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Iain McLean|McLean]]|SCO|2022}} '''W''' 21–19
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Ross Davis (bowls)|Davis]]|JEY|2022}} '''L''' 13–21
|4
|colspan=4 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Sunil Bahadur]] [[Dinesh Kumar (bowls)|Dinesh Kumar]]
|align=left|[[Lawn bowls at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's pairs|Pairs]]
|{{flagCGF|MAS|2022}} '''L''' 14–17
|{{flagCGF|FLK|2022}} '''W''' 36–4
|{{flagCGF|COK|2022}} '''W''' 13–10
|{{flagCGF|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 18–15
|2 '''Q'''
|{{flagCGF|NIR|2022}} '''L''' 8–26
|colspan=3 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Navneet Singh (bowls)|Navneet Singh]] [[Mridul Borgohain]] [[Chandan Kumar Singh|Chandan Singh]]
|align=left|[[Lawn bowls at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's triples|Triples]]
|{{flagCGF|NZL|2022}} '''L''' 6–23
|{{flagCGF|SCO|2022}} '''L''' 12–19
|{{flagCGF|MLT|2022}} '''D''' 16–16
|{{n/a}}
|4
|colspan=4 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|'''[[Sunil Bahadur]] [[Navneet Singh (bowls)|Navneet Singh]] [[Chandan Kumar Singh|Chandan Singh]] [[Dinesh Kumar (bowls)|Dinesh Kumar]]'''
|align=left|[[Lawn bowls at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's fours|Fours]]
|{{flagCGF|FIJ|2022}} '''W''' 14–11
|{{flagCGF|COK|2022}} '''W''' 20–10
|{{flagCGF|ENG|2022}} '''L''' 11–20
|{{n/a}}
|2 '''Q'''
|{{flagCGF|CAN|2022}} '''W''' 14–10
|{{flagCGF|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 13–12
|{{flagCGF|NIR|2022}} '''L''' 5–18
|{{silver2}}
|}

;Women
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:88%; text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=5|Group stage
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Tania Choudhury (bowls)|Tania Choudhury]]
|align=left|[[Lawn bowls at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Singles]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Dee Hoggan|Hoggan]]|SCO|2022}} '''L''' 10–21
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Daphne Arthur-Almond|Arthur-Almond]]|FLK|2022}} '''L''' 20–21
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Laura Daniels|Daniels]]|WAL|2022}} '''L''' 10–21
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Shauna O'Neill|O'Neill]]|NIR|2022}} '''W''' 21–12
|4
|colspan=4|Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Nayanmoni Saikia]] [[Lovely Choubey]]
|align=left|[[Lawn bowls at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's pairs|Pairs]]
|{{flagCGF|NZL|2022}} '''L''' 9–18
|{{flagCGF|NIU|2022}} '''W''' 23–6
|{{flagCGF|RSA|2022}} '''D''' 16–16
|{{n/a}}
|2 '''Q'''
|{{flagCGF|ENG|2022}} '''L''' 14–18
|colspan=3 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Tania Choudhury (bowls)|Tania Choudhury]] [[Rupa Rani Tirkey]] [[Pinki Singh (bowls)|Pinki Singh]]
|align=left|[[Lawn bowls at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's triples|Triples]]
|{{flagCGF|NZL|2022}} '''W''' 15–11
|{{flagCGF|ENG|2022}} '''L''' 11–24
|{{flagCGF|NIU|2022}} '''W''' 28–7
|{{n/a}}
|3
|colspan=4 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|'''[[Rupa Rani Tirkey]] [[Nayanmoni Saikia]] [[Lovely Choubey]] [[Pinki Singh (bowls)|Pinki Singh]]'''
|align=left|[[Lawn bowls at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's fours|Fours]]
|{{flagCGF|ENG|2022}} '''L''' 9–18
|{{flagCGF|COK|2022}} '''W''' 15–9
|{{flagCGF|CAN|2022}} '''W''' 17–7
|{{n/a}}
|2 '''Q'''
|{{flagCGF|NFK|2022}} '''W''' 17–9
|{{flagCGF|NZL|2022}} '''W''' 16–13
|{{flagCGF|RSA|2022}} '''W''' 17–10
|{{gold1}}
|}

==Para powerlifting==
{{main|Para powerlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games}}

{| class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;text-align:center
|-
!Athlete
!Event
!Weight Lifted
!Points
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Parmjeet Kumar]]
|align=left|[[Para powerlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's lightweight|Men's lightweight]]
|{{Abbr|NM|No Mark}}
|colspan=2| {{Abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Sudhir (para powerlifter)|Sudhir]]'''
|align=left|[[Para powerlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's heavyweight|Men's heavyweight]]
|212
|134.5 '''GR'''
|{{gold1}}
|-
| align="left" |[[Sakina Khatun]]
| rowspan="2" align="left" |[[Para powerlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's lightweight|Women's lightweight]]
|88
|87.5
|5
|-
| align="left" |[[Manpreet Kaur (powerlifter)|Manpreet Kaur]]
|90
|89.6
|4
|}

==Squash==
{{main|Squash at the 2022 Commonwealth Games}}
As of 12 July 2022, a team of 9 athletes will represent India in the squash competition at the Games.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Keerthivasan |first1=K. |title=CWG 2022: Indian teams can win three to four medals, says Saurav Ghosal |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/commonwealth-games/news/commonwealth-games-2022-saurav-ghosal-joshna-chinappa-dipika-pallikal-indian-squash-teams/article65632069.ece |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=[[Sportstar]] |publisher=[[The Hindu Group]] |date=12 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712200932/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/commonwealth-games/news/commonwealth-games-2022-saurav-ghosal-joshna-chinappa-dipika-pallikal-indian-squash-teams/article65632069.ece |archive-date=12 July 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>

;Singles
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!Round of 64
!Round of 32
!Round of 16/{{abbr|PR16|Plate Round of 16}}
!Quarterfinals/{{abbr|PQF|Plate Quarterfinals}}
!Semifinals/{{abbr|PSF|Plate Semifinals}}
!colspan=2|{{abbr|Final|Gold medal match}}/{{abbr|BM|Bronze medal}}/{{abbr|PF|Plate Final}}
|-style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[Saurav Ghosal]]'''
|align=left rowspan="3"|[[Squash at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Men's singles]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Shamil Wakeel|Wakeel]]|SRI|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[David Baillargeon|Baillargeon]]|CAN|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Greg Lobban|Lobban]]|SCO|2022}} '''W''' 3–1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Paul Coll|Coll]]|NZL|2022}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[James Willstrop|Willstrop]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|[[Ramit Tandon]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Christopher Binnie|Binnie]]|JAM|2022}} '''L''' ({{w/o}})
|colspan=5|Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Abhay Singh (squash player)|Abhay Singh]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Joe Chapman (squash player)|Chapman]]|IVB|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Alan Clyne|Clyne]]|SCO|2022}} '''L''' 0–1 {{Abbr|RET|Retired}}
|colspan=5|Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Joshna Chinappa]]
|align=left rowspan="3"|[[Squash at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Women's singles]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Meagan Best|Best]]|BAR|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Kaitlyn Watts|Watts]]|NZL|2022}} '''W''' 3–1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Hollie Naughton|Naughton]]|CAN|2022}} '''L''' 0–3
|colspan=3 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Sunayna Kuruvilla]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Aifa Azman|Azman]]|MAS|2022}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Chanithma Sinaly|Sinaly]]|SRI|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Faiza Zafar|Zafar]]|PAK|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Mary Fung-A-Fat|Fung-A-Fat]]|GUY|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
| 17
|-
|align=left|[[Anahat Singh]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Jada Ross|Ross]]|SVG|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Emily Whitlock|Whitlock]]|WAL|2022}} '''L''' 1–3
|colspan=5|Did not advance
|}

;Doubles
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style="font-size:95%"
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Velavan Senthilkumar]] [[Abhay Singh (squash player)|Abhay Singh]]
|align=left| [[Squash at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's doubles|Men's doubles]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Luca Reich|Reich]] / [[Joe Chapman (squash player)|Chapman]]|IVB|2022}} '''W''' 2–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Douglas Kempsell|Kempsell]] / [[Alan Clyne|Clyne]]|SCO|2022}} '''W''' 2–1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Ng Eain Yow|Ng E Y]] / [[Ivan Yuen|Yuen]]|MAS|2022}} '''L''' 0–2
|colspan=3 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Anahat Singh]] [[Sunayna Kuruvilla]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Squash at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|Women's doubles]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Yeheni Kuruppu|Kuruppu]] / [[Chanithma Sinaly|Sinaly]]|SRI|2022}} '''W''' 2–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Donna Lobban|Lobban]] / [[Rachael Grinham|Grinham]]|AUS|2022}} '''L''' 0–2
|colspan=4|Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Joshna Chinappa]] [[Dipika Pallikal]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Meagan Best|Best]] / [[Amanda Haywood|Haywood]]|BAR|2022}} '''W''' 2–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Chan Yiwen|Chan Yw]] / [[Ainaa Ampandi|Ampandi]]|MAS|2022}} '''L''' 0–2
|colspan=4|Did not advance
|-
|align=left|'''[[Dipika Pallikal]] [[Saurav Ghosal]]'''
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Squash at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed doubles|Mixed doubles]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Emily Whitlock|Whitlock]] / [[Peter Creed|Creed]]|WAL|2022}} '''W''' 2–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Rachael Grinham|Grinham]] / [[Zac Alexander|Alexander]]|AUS|2022}} '''W''' 2–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Joelle King|King]] / [[Paul Coll|Coll]]|NZL|2022}} '''L''' 0–2
||{{flagCGFathlete|[[Donna Lobban|Lobban]] / [[Cameron Pilley|Pilley]]|AUS|2022}} '''W''' 2–0
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|[[Joshna Chinappa]] [[Harinder Pal Sandhu]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Yeheni Kuruppu|Kuruppu]] / [[Ravindu Laksiri|Laksiri]]|SRI|2022}} '''W''' 2–1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Donna Lobban|Lobban]] / [[Cameron Pilley|Pilley]]|AUS|2022}} '''L''' 0–2
|colspan=4 |Did not advance
|}

==Swimming==
{{main|Swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games}}
India declared its four-member swimming team on 25 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 June 2022|title=CWG 2022 की तैराकी में साजन-श्रीहरि भारतीय चुनौती की अगुआई करेंगे, 2 और तैराकों पर नजर|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/sports/others-sajan-prakash-srihari-nataraj-to-spearhead-indian-swimming-campaign-in-cwg-2022-4345248.html|access-date=25 June 2022|website=News18 हिंदी|language=hi}}</ref>

;Men
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
! rowspan="2"|Athlete
! rowspan="2"|Event
! colspan="2"|Heat
! colspan="2"|Semifinal/{{abbr|SO|Swim Off}}
! colspan="2"|Final
|-
!Time
!Rank
!Time
!Rank
!Time
!Rank
|-
|rowspan="3" align=left|[[Sajan Prakash]]
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre butterfly|50 m butterfly]]
|25.01
|24
|colspan="4"|Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre butterfly|100 m butterfly]]
|54.36
|19
|54.24
|16
|colspan="2"|Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre butterfly|200 m butterfly]]
|1:58.99
|9
|1:58.31
|1
|colspan="2" |Did not advance
|-
|rowspan="3" align=left|[[Srihari Nataraj]]
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre backstroke|50 m backstroke]]
|25.52
|8 '''Q'''
|25.38
|8 '''Q'''
|25.23
|5
|-
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre backstroke|100 m backstroke]]
|54.68
|5 '''Q'''
|54.55
|7 '''Q'''
|54.31
|7
|-
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]
|2:00.84
|9 '''NR'''
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|colspan="2"|Did not advance
|-
|rowspan="3" align=left|[[Kushagra Rawat]]
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre freestyle|200 m freestyle]]
|1:54.56
|25
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|colspan="2"|Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 400 metre freestyle|400 m freestyle]]
|3:57.45
|14
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|colspan=2|Did not advance
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 1500 metre freestyle|1500 m freestyle]]
|15:47.77
|8 '''Q'''
|rowspan=2 colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|15:42.67
|8
|-
|align=left|[[Advait Page]]
|15:39.25
|7 '''Q'''
|15:32.36
|7
|-
|align=left|[[Suyash Jadhav]]
|align=left rowspan="2"|[[Swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 50 metre freestyle S7|50 m freestyle S7]]
|rowspan=2 colspan=4 {{n/a}}
|31.30
|5
|-
|align=left|[[Niranjan Mukundan]]
|32.55
|7
|-
|align=left|[[Ashish Kumar (swimmer)|Ashish Kumar]]
|align=left rowspan="1"|[[Swimming at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre backstroke S9|100 m backstroke S9]]
|colspan=4 {{n/a}}
|1:18.21
|8
|-
|}

==Table tennis==
{{main|Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Qualification}}
India qualified for both the men's and women's team events via the [[International Table Tennis Federation|ITTF]] World Team Rankings (as of 2 January 2020). Seven players were selected on 31 May 2022; the women's selections were provisional and dependent on [[Sports Authority of India|SAI]] approval since [[Archana Kamath]] was selected even though she did not satisfy the selection criteria.<ref>{{cite news|title=Commonwealth Games 2022: Manika Batra headlines India's Table tennis squad, Archana Kamath makes the cut despite missing selection criteria|url=https://www.insidesport.in/commonwealth-games-2022-manika-batra-headlines-indias-table-tennis-squad-archana-kamath-makes-the-cut-despite-missing-selection-criteria/|access-date=31 May 2022|work=InsideSport|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531212640/https://www.insidesport.in/commonwealth-games-2022-manika-batra-headlines-indias-table-tennis-squad-archana-kamath-makes-the-cut-despite-missing-selection-criteria/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The SAI returned responsibility for the decision back to the ''Committee of Administrators'';{{refn|group=note|The CoA manage the [[Table Tennis Federation of India|TTFI]], which (as of 7 June 2022) is suspended.}} [[Diya Chitale]], who filed a writ petition to the [[Delhi High Court]] protesting her non-selection, replaced Kamath in the amended squad.<ref>{{cite news|title=Diya Chitale, Who Moved Court Over Non-selection, Included In Commonwealth Games Table Tennis Squad|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/diya-chitale-who-moved-court-over-non-selection-included-in-commonwealth-games-table-tennis-squad-news-200926|access-date=7 June 2022|work=Outlook Web Bureau|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|date=7 June 2022|archive-date=7 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607131025/https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/diya-chitale-who-moved-court-over-non-selection-included-in-commonwealth-games-table-tennis-squad-news-200926|url-status=live}}</ref> Another player was also added to the men's squad.

;Singles
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:88%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=4|Group stage
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[Sharath Achanta]]'''
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles|Men's singles]]
|colspan=4 {{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Finn Luu|Luu]]|AUS|2022}} '''W''' 4–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Olajide Omotayo|Omotayo]]|NGR|2022}} '''W''' 4–2
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Izaac Quek|Quek]]|SGP|2022}} '''W''' 4–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Paul Drinkhall|Drinkhall]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 4–2
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Liam Pitchford|Pitchford]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 4–1
|{{gold1}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Sathiyan Gnanasekaran]]'''
|colspan=4 {{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Paul McCreery|McCreery]]|NIR|2022}} '''W''' 4–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Nicholas Lum|Lum]]|AUS|2022}} '''W''' 4–2
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Sam Walker (table tennis)|Walker]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 4–2
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Liam Pitchford|Pitchford]]|ENG|2022}} '''L''' 1–4
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Paul Drinkhall|Drinkhall]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 4–3
|{{bronze03}}
|-
|align=left|[[Sanil Shetty]]
|colspan=4 {{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Derek Abrefa|Abrefa]]|GHA|2022}} '''W''' 4–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Bode Abiodun|Abiodun]]|NGR|2022}} '''W''' 4–2
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Liam Pitchford|Pitchford]]|ENG|2022}} '''L''' 1–4
|colspan=3 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Sreeja Akula]]
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles|Women's singles]]
|colspan=4 {{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Karen Lyne|Lyne]]|MAS|2022}} '''W''' 4–1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Charlotte Carey|Carey]]|WAL|2022}} '''W''' 4–3
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Zhang Mo (table tennis)|Zhang M]]|CAN|2022}} '''W''' 4–3
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Feng Tianwei|Feng Tw]]|SGP|2022}} '''L''' 3–4
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Liu Yangzi|Liu Yz]]|AUS|2022}} '''L''' 3–4
|4
|-
|align=left|[[Manika Batra]]
|colspan=4 {{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Fu Ching Nam|Fu C N]]|CAN|2022}} '''W''' 4–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Jee Minhyung|Jee Mh]]|AUS|2022}} '''W''' 4–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Zeng Jian|Zeng J]]|SGP|2022}} '''L''' 0–4
|colspan=3 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Reeth Tennison]]
|colspan=4 {{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Charlotte Bardsley|Bardsley]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 4–1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Feng Tianwei|Feng Tw]]|SGP|2022}} '''L''' 1–4
|colspan=4|Did not advance
|}

;Para-Singles
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:88%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=4|Group stage
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Raj Alagar]]
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles C3–5|Men's singles C3–5]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[George Wyndham (table tennis)|Wyndham]]|SLE|2022}} '''W''' 3–2
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Isau Ogunkunle|Ogunkunle]]|NGR|2022}} '''L''' 1–3
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Dan Bullen|Bullen]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 3–1
|2 '''Q'''
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Nasiru Sule|Sule]]|NGR|2022}} '''L''' 1–3
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Isau Ogunkunle|Ogunkunle]]|NGR|2022}} '''L''' 0–3
|4
|-
|align=left|'''[[Bhavina Patel]]'''
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles C3–5|Women's singles C3–5]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Daniela Di Toro|Di Toro]]|AUS|2022}} '''W''' 3–1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Ifechukwude Ikpeoyi|Ikpeoyi]]|NGR|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Akanisi Latu|Latu]]|FIJ|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|1 '''Q'''
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Sue Bailey (table tennis)|Bailey]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Ifechukwude Ikpeoyi|Ikpeoyi]]|NGR|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{gold1}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Sonalben Patel]]'''
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Sue Bailey (table tennis)|Bailey]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 3–1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Amanda Tscharke|Tscharke]]|AUS|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Chinenye Obiora|Obiora]]|NGR|2022}} '''W''' 3–1
|1 '''Q'''
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Ifechukwude Ikpeoyi|Ikpeoyi]]|NGR|2022}} '''L''' 1–3
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Sue Bailey (table tennis)|Bailey]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|[[Sahana Ravi]]
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles C6–10|Women's singles C6–10]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Faith Obazuaye|Obazuaye]]|NGR|2022}} '''L''' 0–3
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Gloria Gracia Wong Sze|Gloria W S]]|MAS|2022}} '''L''' 2–3
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Yang Qian (table tennis)|Yang Qa]]|AUS|2022}} '''L''' 0–3
|4
|colspan=3|Did not advance
|}

;Doubles
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:88%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!Round of 64
!Round of 32
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Sanil Shetty]] [[Harmeet Desai]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's doubles|Men's doubles]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Iosif Elia|Elia]] / [[Christos Savva|Savva]]|CYP|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Dillon Chambers|Chambers]] / [[Chris Yan|Yan]]|AUS|2022}} '''W''' 3–1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Clarence Chew|Chew]] / [[Ethan Poh|Poh]]|SGP|2022}} '''L''' 0–3
|colspan=3 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|'''[[Sathiyan Gnanasekaran]] [[Sharath Achanta]]'''
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Joel Alleyne|Alleyne]] / [[Jonathan van Lange|Van Lange]]|GUY|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Ramhimlian Bawm|Bawm]] / [[Mohutasin Ahmed Ridoy|Ridoy]]|BAN|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Tom Jarvis|Jarvis]] / [[Sam Walker (table tennis)|Walker]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Nicholas Lum|Lum]] / [[Finn Luu|Luu]]|AUS|2022}} '''W''' 3–2
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Paul Drinkhall|Drinkhall]] / [[Liam Pitchford|Pitchford]]|ENG|2022}} '''L''' 2–3
|{{Silver2}}
|-
|align=left|[[Manika Batra]] [[Diya Chitale]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles|Women's doubles]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Rheann Chung|Chung]] / [[Catherine Spicer|Spicer]]|TTO|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Oumehani Hosenally|Hosenally]] / [[Nandeshwaree Jalim|Jalim]]|MRI|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Charlotte Carey|Carey]] / [[Anna Hursey|Hursey]]|WAL|2022}} '''L''' 1–3
|colspan=3 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Sreeja Akula]] [[Reeth Tennison]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Lucy Elliott|Elliott]] / [[Rebecca Plaistow|Plaistow]]|SCO|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Chloe Thomas Wu Zhang|Thomas W Z]] / [[Lara Whitton|Whitton]]|WAL|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Wong Xinru|Wong Xr]] / [[Zhou Jingyi|Zhou Jy]]|SGP|2022}} '''L''' 1–3
|colspan=3 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Sathiyan Gnanasekaran]] [[Manika Batra]]
|align=left rowspan=3|[[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed doubles|Mixed doubles]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Mick Crea|Crea]] / [[Laura Sinon|Sinon]]|SEY|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Olajide Omotayo|Omotayo]] / [[Ajoke Ojomu|Ojomu]]|NGR|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Javen Choong|Choong]] / [[Karen Lyne|Lyne]]|MAS|2022}} '''L''' 2–3
|colspan=3 |Did not advance
|-
|align=left|[[Sanil Shetty]] [[Reeth Tennison]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Wong Qi Shen|Wong Q S]] / [[Tee Ai Xin|Tee A X]]|MAS|2022}} '''L''' 2–3
|colspan=6|Did not advance
|-
|align=left|'''[[Sharath Achanta]] [[Sreeja Akula]]'''
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Owen Cathcart|Cathcart]] / [[Sophie Earley|Earley]]|NIR|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Leong Chee Feng|Leong C F]] / [[Ho Ying|Ho Y]]|MAS|2022}} '''W''' 3–1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Liam Pitchford|Pitchford]] / [[Tin-Tin Ho|Ho]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 3–2
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Nicholas Lum|Lum]] / [[Jee Minhyung|Jee Mh]]|AUS|2022}} '''W''' 3–2
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Javen Choong|Choong]] / [[Karen Lyne|Lyne]]|MAS|2022}} '''W''' 3–1
|{{gold1}}
|}

;Team
{|class=wikitable style=font-size:88%;text-align:center
|-
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=4|Group stage
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style=font-size:95%
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Opposition Score
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[Harmeet Desai]] [[Sanil Shetty]] [[Sharath Achanta]] [[Sathiyan Gnanasekaran]]'''
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's team|Men's team]]
|{{flagCGF|BAR|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGF|SGP|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGF|NIR|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|1 '''Q'''
|{{flagCGF|BAN|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGF|NGR|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGF|SGP|2022}} '''W''' 3–1
|{{gold1}}
|-
|align=left|[[Diya Chitale]] [[Manika Batra]] [[Reeth Tennison]] [[Sreeja Akula]]
|align=left|[[Table tennis at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's team|Women's team]]
|{{flagCGF|RSA|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGF|FIJ|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|{{flagCGF|GUY|2022}} '''W''' 3–0
|1 '''Q'''
|{{flagCGF|MAS|2022}} '''L''' 2–3
|colspan=3|Did not advance
|}

==Triathlon==
{{main|Triathlon at the 2022 Commonwealth Games}}
A squad of four triathletes (two per gender) was selected for the competition; the men will be named at a later date.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nagpur's Sanjana selected in Indian triathlon squad for Commonwealth Games|url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/nagpurs-sanjana-selected-in-indian-triathlon-squad-for-commonwealth-games/05261147|access-date=26 May 2022|work=Nagpur Today|date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526094452/https://www.nagpurtoday.in/nagpurs-sanjana-selected-in-indian-triathlon-squad-for-commonwealth-games/05261147|archive-date=26 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Individual
{|class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
!Athlete
!Event
!Swim (750 m)
!Trans 1
!Bike (20 km)
!Trans 2
!Run (5 km)
!Total
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Adarsh Nair]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Triathlon at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's|Men]]
|9:51
|1:02
|31:14
|0:27
|18:04
|1:00:38
|30
|-
|align=left|[[Vishwanath Yadav]]
|10:55
|1:05
|32:24
|0:22
|18:06
|1:02:52
|33
|-
|align=left|[[Sanjana Joshi]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Triathlon at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's|Women]]
|11:16
|0:52
|33:21
|0:27
|23:04
|1:09:00
|28
|-
|align=left|[[Pragnya Mohan]]
|11:26
|1:11
|32:53
|0:25
|21:32
|1:07:27
|26
|}

;Mixed Relay
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan=2 | Athlete
! rowspan=2 | Event
! colspan=6 | Time
! rowspan=2 | Rank
|-
! Swim (300 m)
! Trans 1
! Bike (5 km)
! Trans 2
! Run (2 km)
! Total group
|-
|align=left|[[Adarsh Nair]]
|align=left rowspan=5|[[Triathlon at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Mixed relay|Mixed relay]]
|4:17
|0:47
|7:54
|0:21
|7:12
|20:31
|rowspan=4 {{n/a}}
|-
|align=left|[[Pragnya Mohan]]
|5:45
|0:55
|8:37
|0:21
|8:31
|24:09
|-
|align=left|[[Vishwanath Yadav]]
|5:08
|0:51
|7:54
|0:24
|7:54
|22:11
|-
|align=left|[[Sanjana Joshi]]
|5:24
|0:52
|8:46
|0:24
|9:26
|24:52
|-
|align=left|'''Total'''
|colspan=5 {{n/a}}
|1:31:43
|10
|}

==Weightlifting==
{{main|Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Qualification}}
A squad of 15 weightlifters was confirmed on 13 April 2022.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kasibhatla|first1=Aishwarya|title=Commonwealth Games 2022: India to send 15-member weightlifting contingent|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/weight-lifting/news-commonwealth-games-2022-india-send-15-member-weightlifting-contingent|access-date=13 April 2022|work=[[Sportskeeda]]|publisher=Absolute Sports Pvt. Ltd|date=13 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413221613/https://www.sportskeeda.com/weight-lifting/news-commonwealth-games-2022-india-send-15-member-weightlifting-contingent|archive-date=13 April 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Jeremy Lalrinnunga]], [[Achinta Sheuli]], [[Ajay Singh (weightlifter)|Ajay Singh]] and [[Purnima Pandey]] qualified for the competition by winning gold at the [[2021 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships]] in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Oliver|first1=Brian|title=Weightlifting ranking events for Commonwealth Games make it a busy February|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1117181/birmingham-2022-weightlifting|access-date=3 January 2022|work=insidethegames|publisher=Dunsar Media Company|date=23 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223092859/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1117181/birmingham-2022-weightlifting|archive-date=23 December 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Commonwealth Senior Championships {{!}} Results Book|url=https://www.commonwealthweightlifting.com/newsarchive/docs/2021/Results_Book_Commonwealth_Championships.pdf|publisher=[[International Weightlifting Federation|IWF]]/CWF|access-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224165657/https://www.commonwealthweightlifting.com/newsarchive/docs/2021/Results_Book_Commonwealth_Championships.pdf|archive-date=24 December 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> The other 11 qualified via the [[International Weightlifting Federation|IWF]] Commonwealth Ranking List, which was finalised on 9 March 2022.<ref>{{cite book|title=IWF COMMONWEALTH RANKING LIST - 2022 COMMONWEALTH GAMES QUALIFYING (final)|date=9 March 2022|publisher=[[International Weightlifting Federation|IWF]]|url=https://iwf.sport/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2022/03/IWF-Commonwealth-Ranking-List_FINAL.pdf|access-date=13 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309134607/https://iwf.sport/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2022/03/IWF-Commonwealth-Ranking-List_FINAL.pdf|archive-date=9 March 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Men
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Snatch
!colspan="2"|Clean & jerk
!rowspan="2"|Total
!rowspan="2"|Rank
|-
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[Sanket Sargar]]'''
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 55 kg|55 kg]]
|113
|1
|135
|2
|248
|{{silver2}}
|-
|align=left| '''[[Gururaja Poojary]] '''
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 61 kg|61 kg]]
|118
|4
|151
|3
|269
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left| '''[[Jeremy Lalrinnunga]] '''
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 67 kg|67 kg]]
|140 '''GR'''
|1
|160
|2
|300 '''GR'''
|{{gold1}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Achinta Sheuli]]'''
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 73 kg|73 kg]]
|143 '''GR'''
|1
|170
|1
|313 '''GR'''
|{{gold1}}
|-
|align=left|[[Ajay Singh (weightlifter)|Ajay Singh]]
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 81 kg|81 kg]]
|143
|3
|176
|4
|319
|4
|-
|align=left|'''[[Vikas Thakur]]'''
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 96 kg|96 kg]]
|155
|3
|191
|2
|346
|{{silver2}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Lovepreet Singh (weightlifter)|Lovepreet Singh]]'''
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's 109 kg|109 kg]]
|163 '''NR'''
|2
|192 '''NR'''
|4
|355 '''NR'''
|{{Bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Gurdeep Singh (weightlifter)|Gurdeep Singh]]'''
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's +109 kg|+109 kg]]
|167
|3
|223 '''NR'''
|3
|390
|{{Bronze3}}
|}

;Women
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Event
!colspan="2"|Snatch
!colspan="2"|Clean & jerk
!rowspan="2"|Total
!rowspan="2"|Rank
|-
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[Saikhom Mirabai Chanu]]'''
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 49 kg|49 kg]]
|88 '''CR'''
|1
|113 '''GR'''
|1
|201 '''GR'''
|{{gold1}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Bindyarani Devi]]'''
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 55 kg|55 kg]]
|86 '''PB'''
|3
|116 '''NR/GR'''
|1
|202 '''NR'''
|{{silver2}}
|-
|align=left|[[Popy Hazarika]]
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 59 kg|59 kg]]
|81
|7
|102
|7
|183
|7
|-
|align=left|'''[[Harjinder Kaur]]'''
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 71 kg|71 kg]]
|93 '''PB'''
|4
|119
|3
|212
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|[[Punam Yadav]]
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 76 kg|76 kg]]
|98
|2
|colspan=2| {{Abbr|NM|No Mark}}
|colspan=2| {{Abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}
|-
|align=left|[[Usha Kumara]]
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 87 kg|87 kg]]
|95
|5
|110
|5
|205
|6
|-
|align=left|[[Purnima Pandey]]
|align=left|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's +87 kg|+87 kg]]
|103 '''PB'''
|5
|125
|6
|228
|6
|}

==Wrestling==
{{main|Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games}}
Following the women's selection trials on 16 May 2022, six wrestlers were selected for the competition.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Wrestling: Vinesh Phogat, Sakshi Malik named in India's squad for Commonwealth Games in Birmingham|url=https://scroll.in/field/1024042/wrestling-vinesh-phogat-sakshi-malik-named-in-indias-squad-for-commonwealth-games-in-birmingham|access-date=16 May 2022|date=16 May 2022|work=[[Scroll.in]]|publisher=Scroll Media Incorporation|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517090219/https://scroll.in/field/1024042/wrestling-vinesh-phogat-sakshi-malik-named-in-indias-squad-for-commonwealth-games-in-birmingham|archive-date=17 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> The men's trials and selection of six more wrestlers followed on 17 May 2022.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ravi Dahiya, Bajrang Punia among six wrestlers selected to represent country in CWG 2022|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/ravi-dahiya-bajrang-punia-among-six-wrestlers-selected-to-represent-country-in-cwg-2022/articleshow/91624141.cms|access-date=17 May 2022|work=[[The Economic Times]]|agency=[[Asian News International|ANI]]|date=17 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517172703/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/ravi-dahiya-bajrang-punia-among-six-wrestlers-selected-to-represent-country-in-cwg-2022/articleshow/91624141.cms|archive-date=17 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{smalldiv|1=<nowiki/>
'''Key''':
* VFA – [[Pin (amateur wrestling)|Victory by Fall]].
* VPO1 – Decision by Points – the loser with technical points.
* VPO – Decision by Points – the loser without technical points.
* VSU – Technical superiority – the loser without technical points and a margin of victory of at least 10 points.
* VSU1 – Technical superiority – the loser with technical points and a margin of victory of at least 10 points.
* VB – Victory by Injury
* VFO - Victory by Forfeit - if an athlete does not show up on the mat
}}

;Men
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!Repechage
!colspan=2|{{abbr|Final|Gold medal match}} / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal}}
|- style="font-size: 95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[Ravi Kumar Dahiya]]'''
|align=left|[[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 57 kg|57 kg]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Suraj Singh (wrestler)|Singh]]|NZL|2022}} '''W''' 10–0VSU
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Asad Ali (wrestler)|Ali]]|PAK|2022}} '''W''' 14–4VSU1
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Ebikewenimo Welson|Welson]]|NGR|2022}} '''W''' 10–0VSU
|{{gold1}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Bajrang Punia]]'''
|align=left|[[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 65 kg|65 kg]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Lowe Bingham|Bingham]]|NRU|2022}} '''W''' 4–0VFA
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Jean Bandou|Bandou]]|MRI|2022}} '''W''' 6–0VFA
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[George Ramm|Ramm]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 10–0VSU
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Lachlan McNeil (wrestler)|McNeil]]|CAN|2022}} '''W''' 9–2VPO1
|{{gold1}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Naveen Malik]]'''
|align=left|[[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 74 kg|74 kg]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Ogbonna John|John]]|NGR|2022}} '''W''' 13–3VSU1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Lou Hong Yeow|Lou H Y]]|SGP|2022}} '''W''' 10–0VSU
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Charlie Bowling|Bowling]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 12–1VSU1
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Muhammad Sharif Tahir|Tahir]]|PAK|2022}} '''W''' 9–0VPO
|{{gold1}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Deepak Punia (wrestler)|Deepak Punia]]'''
|align=left|[[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 86 kg|86 kg]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Matthew Oxenham|Oxenham]]|NZL|2022}} '''W''' 10–0VSU
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Sheku Kassegbama|Kassegbama]]|SLE|2022}} '''W''' 10–0VSU
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Alex Moore (wrestler)|Moore]]|CAN|2022}} '''W''' 3–1VPO1
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Muhammad Inam|Inam]]|PAK|2022}} '''W''' 3–0VPO
|{{gold1}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Deepak Nehra]]'''
|align=left|[[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 97 kg|97 kg]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Nishan Randhawa|Randhawa]]|CAN|2022}} '''L''' 6–8VPO1
|Did not advance
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Tayab Raza|Raza]]|PAK|2022}} '''W''' 10–2VPO1
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Mohit Grewal]]'''
|align=left|[[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's freestyle 125 kg|125 kg]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Alexios Kaouslidis|Kaouslidis]]|CYP|2022}} '''W''' 10–1VPO1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Amar Dhesi|Dhesi]]|CAN|2022}} '''L''' 2–12VSU1
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Aaron Johnson (wrestler)|Johnson]]|JAM|2022}} '''W''' 6–0VFA
|{{bronze3}}
|}

;Women

;Group stage Format
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=3|Group stage
!Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal match}}
|- style="font-size: 95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[Pooja Gehlot]]'''
|align=left|[[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 50 kg|50 kg]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Christelle Letchidjio|Letchidjio]]|SCO|2022}} '''W''' 12–2VSU1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Rebecca Muambo|Muambo]]|CMR|2022}} '''W''' VFO
|1 '''Q'''
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Madison Parks|Parks]]|CAN|2022}} '''L''' 6–9VPO1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Christelle Letchidjio|Letchidjio]]|SCO|2022}} '''W''' 12–2VSU1
|{{bronze3}}
|}

;Nordic Format
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=3|Nordic Round Robin
!rowspan=2|Rank
|- style="font-size: 95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
|-
|align=left|'''[[Vinesh Phogat]]'''
|align=left|[[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 53 kg|53 kg]]
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Samantha Stewart|Stewart]]|CAN|2022}} '''W''' 2–0VFA
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Mercy Adekuoroye|Adekuoroye]]|NGR|2022}} '''W''' 6–0VPO1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Chamodya Maduravalage|Maduravalage]]|SRI|2022}} '''W''' 4–0VFA
|{{gold1}}
|}

;Repechage Format
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!rowspan=2|Event
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!Repechage
!colspan=2|{{abbr|Final|Gold medal match}} / {{abbr|BM|Bronze medal}}
|- style="font-size: 95%"
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Opposition Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|'''[[Anshu Malik]]'''
|align=left|[[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 57 kg|57 kg]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Irene Symeonidis|Symeonidis]]|AUS|2022}} '''W''' 10–0VSU
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Nethmi Poruthotage|Poruthotage]]|SRI|2022}} '''W''' 10–0VSU
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Odunayo Adekuoroye|Adekuoroye]]|NGR|2022}} '''L''' 3–7VPO1
|{{silver2}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Sakshi Malik]]'''
|align=left|[[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 62 kg|62 kg]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Kelsey Barnes|Barnes]]|ENG|2022}} '''W''' 10–0VFA
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Berthe Etane Ngolle|Ngolle]]|CMR|2022}} '''W''' 10–0VSU
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Ana Godinez|Godinez]]|CAN|2022}} '''W''' 4–4VFA
|{{gold1}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Divya Kakran]]'''
|align=left|[[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 68 kg|68 kg]]
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Blessing Oborududu|Oborududu]]|NGR|2022}} '''L''' 0–11VSU
|Did not advance
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Blandine Nyeh Ngiri|Ngiri]]|CMR|2022}} '''W''' 4–0VFA
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Tiger-Lily Cocker-Lemalie|Cocker-Lemalie]]|TGA|2022}} '''W''' 2–0VFA
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|'''[[Pooja Sihag]]'''
|align=left|[[Wrestling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's freestyle 76 kg|76 kg]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Michelle Montague|Montague]]|NZL|2022}} '''W''' 5–3VPO1
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Justina Di Stasio|Di Stasio]]|CAN|2022}} '''L''' 0–6VPO
|{{bye}}
|{{flagCGFathlete|[[Naomi de Bruine|De Bruine]]|AUS|2022}} '''W''' 11–0VSU
|{{bronze3}}
|}

==See also==
*[[India at the 2022 Winter Olympics]]
*[[India at the 2022 Asian Games]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[https://olympic.ind.in/ Indian Olympic Association Official site]

{{Associations at the 2022 Commonwealth Games}}
{{country at games navbox|India|Commonwealth Games}}

<references group="lower-alpha" />

{{DEFAULTSORT:India At The 2022 Commonwealth Games}}
[[Category:Nations at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:India at the Commonwealth Games|2022]]
[[Category:2022 in Indian sport]]
[[Category:India–United Kingdom sports relations|2022]]

Satyen Chandra Bardhan

2026-04-01T21:39:00Z

Richa7864: put up new entry

{{short description|Indian revolutionary (1916–1943)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Tone|date=March 2022}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2022}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=March 2022}}
}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Satyen Chandra Bardhan
| image = File:Satyendra Chandra Vardhan.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| other_names = Kanu
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1916
| birth_place = Bitghar, Comilla district, Present day Bangladesh
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1943|9|10|1916|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Fort St. George, India|St. George Fort]], [[Chennai|Madras]], [[British India]]
| death_cause = [[Execution by hanging]]
| occupation = Soldier in Indian National Army, under Subhas Bose.
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}

'''Satyen Chandra Bardhan''', commonly known as Kanu (1916–1943) was an Indian Bengali revolutionary and a soldier in [[Indian National Army]] led by [[Netaji Subhas Bose]]. He was a trained radio communicator.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-17|title=People remember brave martyr Vakkom Khader on 75th anniversary of Independence day|url=https://newsonair.com/2021/08/17/people-remember-brave-martyr-vakkom-khader-on-75th-anniversary-of-independence-day/|access-date=2021-09-20|website=NewsOnAIR -|language=en-US}}</ref> He, along with [[Vakkom Abdul Khader]], Anandan and Fauja Singh, was hanged in Madras Central Jail on September 10, 1943.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Story of freedom fighters and revolutionaries and letter of ramakrishna ray|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/rabibashoriyo/story-of-freedom-fighters-and-revolutionaries-and-letter-of-ramakrishna-ray-1.1193085|access-date=2021-09-22|website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref> All four walked up to the gallows, singing and raising the slogan of [[Vande Mataram]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=GHOSH|first=KALI CHARAN|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12784|title=The Roll of Honour|date=1960|publisher=Vidya Bharati}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==
Satyen was born in the Bitghar area, [[Brahmanbaria]], [[Comilla District]], which is now in present-day [[Bangladesh]]. His father's name is Dinesh Chandra Bardhan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chopra|first=Pran Nath|url=http://archive.org/details/whoswhoofindianm01chop|title=Who's Who of Indian Martyrs, Vol. 1|date=2013|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India|others=Public Resource|isbn=978-81-230-1757-0}}</ref> Not much is known or documented about his childhood, but in his early life, he had been working in the Post and Telegraph Department in Malaya when it was overrun by the Japanese. He found himself stranded in [[Singapore]] for some time. He joined the [[Indian Independence League]] in 1941, and was sent to [[Penang]] to receive training connected with the war.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ainy|date=2016-05-20|title=Vakkom Abdul Khader|url=https://www.istampgallery.com/vakkom-abdul-khader/|access-date=2021-09-17|website=www.istampgallery.com|language=en-US}}</ref> With the formation of [[Azad Hind Fauj]] or the [[Indian National Army]], Satyen joined it in 1942. He was given special training in radio transmission by both Indian and Japanese experts, besides training in fighting etc.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reddy|first=C. Rammanohar|title='Clock strikes, death awaits': Remembering Abdul Khader and the heroic 'Penang 20' freedom fighters|url=https://scroll.in/article/972689/clock-strikes-death-awaits-remembering-abdul-khader-and-the-heroic-penang-20-freedom-fighters|access-date=2021-09-17|website=Scroll.in|date=10 September 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Revolutionary activities ==
The [[Indian Independence League]] took a very bold step in sending their own men to the interior of their Motherland, India, to work from within a revolt and to transmit news to the League 'outside'. They were twenty in number, divided into four groups: two began by land and two by sea to get into India. One batch landed at [[Tanur, Malappuram|Tanur]], in [[Malabar Coast]] and was composed of [[Vakkom Abdul Khader]] and Anandan and three others. The second batch of five men including Satyen reached [[Kathiawar]] Coast. They came by submarine and were transferred to a rubber boat five miles off the land. Fighting against the waves it took them twenty-one hours to reach the shores of India. Satyen had a transmitter with him, in the operation of which he had been known to be adept. On landing before they could find a safe hideout they were noticed by the men on the shore and wereed upon with suspicion. The police were informed. Satyen and his comrades, were arrested within a few hours of their landing. The other two groups that started by land, with the first reaching [[Chittagong]] and the second group consisting of Fauja Singh, reaching [[Assam]]. But they were also eventually arrested by the police. The first batch of five men including [[Vakkom Abdul Khader|Abdul Khader]], that landed at [[Tanur, Malappuram|Tanur]], was aereo later arrested.

== Trial ==
After all of the twenty men including Abdul, Satyen Bardhan, Fauja Singh and Anandan were arrested, they were then removed to [[Fort St. George, India]] at [[Madras]] in due course of time. They were even tortured in Madras Fort in order to reveal all the secrets about their intention to enter India, which was their own Motherland. Of the 20, one became an approver and the other 19 were tried in early 1943. The accused were placed on trial for waging war against the King, and acting as enemy agents under the Indian Penal Code and War Emergency Ordinance on 8 March 1943. The judgment was delivered on 1 April 1943. Satyen Bardhan, Abdul Khader, Fauja Singh, Anandan and one [[Christian]] named Boniface Pereira, were sentenced to death. But the Christian, Boniface Pereira, escaped death on the strength of a successful appeal. Boniface was later sentenced to five years of imprisonment.

== Death ==
The soldiers of the [[Indian National Army]], Satyen Bardhan and his four comrades [[Vakkom Abdul Khader|Abdul Khader]], Fauja Singh, and Anandan, were executed in the [[Madras]] Penitentiary on September 10, 1943, at twelve o'clock midnight. Almost the whole night preiorto the executions, the prison reverberated with the song [[Vande Mataram]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=India 1998 MNH Vakkom Abdul Khader (Block B/L 4)|url=https://myindiamint.com/products/india-1998-mnh-vakkom-abdul-khader-block-b-l-4|access-date=2021-09-17|website=indiamintstamps}}</ref> With great courage, each of them, Abdul Khader, Satyen Bardhan, Fauja Singh and Anandan, ascended the steps to the gallows while raising the slogan of [[Vande Mataram]], which meant <nowiki>''</nowiki>Hail my Motherland<nowiki>''</nowiki>. Satyen Bardhan in his last letter to his brother and maternal uncle, wrote:-<blockquote>“I have got nothing to say or write to you. I feel so happy and proud that God has ordained me to sacrifice my life at the altar of my Motherland. Opportunity, if ever, comes handy, please try to take revenge on our enemy. The sacrifice of life for the cause of freedom is nothing new to Bengalis. - your fortune favoured, Kanu”</blockquote>

== Legacy ==
The wind carried the message of the four martyrs, Satyen, [[Vakkom Abdul Khader|Abdul Khader]], Fauja Singh and Anandan, to every corner of India. It did not take long before India achieved its independence on 15 August 1947 on the ashes of these martyrs. A small memorial is built at Travancore. [[CGK Reddy|C.G.K. Reddy]], who was one of the twenty men arrested, narrates how his four comrades Abdul, Satyen, Fauja Singh and Anandan sacrificed their lives on gallows:-<blockquote> “As the nooses were slipped round their necks and just before the trap door opened below them, their last words were ''Bharat Mata ki Jai''. That morning I shed in uncontrollable tears, all fear of death. The death of these four comrades, martyrs, convinced me anew that life has no special significance and is worth little, unless it is lived in honour, and with a sense of commitment. Their courage even on the gallows was recounted to me after the War by a Deputy Commissioner of Police who was a witness to the execution. He said he had never witnessed such exemplary bravery in the face of impending, certain death.”</blockquote> In 1993, on the 50th anniversary of their execution, Reddy took the lead in organising a memorial event in Trivandrum and then Vakkom. All the survivors of the original 20 and/or members of their families from across India came to [[Vakkom]] to honour the four martyrs. Though in 1998, a stamp was issued in the honor of the executed Abdul, Satyen, Fauja Singh and Anandan. But for the rest of the country, these martyrs have disappeared from the collective memory.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian nationalists]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Anti-British establishment revolutionaries from East Bengal]]
[[Category:People executed by British India by hanging]]
[[Category:Indian National Army personnel who were court-martialed]]
[[Category:Executed Indian collaborators with the Empire of Japan]]
[[Category:Executed Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Executed revolutionaries]]
[[Category:People from Nabinagar Upazila]]

Anthony de Souza (politician)

2026-03-29T09:51:44Z

Richa7864: new.

{{Short description|Indian politician (1920–1981)}}
{{About other people|the Indian freedom fighter and politician|Anthony de Souza|Anthony de Souza (disambiguation){{!}}Anthony de Souza}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anthony de Souza
| image = Key Figures in Goa Independence Anthony D'Souza.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Portrait of de Souza at the [[Goa State Museum]]
| birth_name = Antonio Joao de Souza
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1920|10|14|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1981|3|1|1920|10|14|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| resting_place =
| nickname = Anthony J. De Souza, Tony de Souza
| alma_mater =
| spouse =
| children =
| occupation =
| years_active =
| known_for =
| movement = [[Goa liberation movement]]
| party = [[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]]
| awards =
| module =
{{Infobox officeholder
| office1 = Member of [[Goa Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Mandrem Assembly constituency|Mandrem]]
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 = [[Dayanand Bandodkar]]
| term_start1 = 1967
| term_end1 = 1972
| office2 = '''Minister of Law, Agriculture, Industries and Labour''' in Goa, Daman and Diu government
| term_start2 = 1967
| term_end2 = 1970
| appointer2 = [[Dayanand Bandodkar]]
| embed = yes
}}
}}

'''Anthony "Tony" John De Souza''' (14 October 1920 – 1 March 1981), also referred to as '''Antonio Joao de Souza''' and '''Anthony D'Souza''', was an Indian freedom fighter, trade unionist and politician. He is best known for leading a group of ''[[Satyagraha|Satyagrahis]]'' into [[Portuguese Goa]] in 1954 as part of a coordinated effort by the National Congress (Goa) to demand the end of colonial rule. After the [[Liberation of Goa]], he served as a minister in the second [[Dayanand Bandodkar]] ministry and was active in various labour unions.

==Early life==
De Souza was born on 14 October 1920 in [[Bombay]]. He completed his education up to the matriculation level. Although he initially entered a seminary with intentions of becoming a priest, he later left to travel across India, spending time in [[Varanasi|Kashi]] studying the [[Vedas]].<ref name="Vishwakosh1999">{{cite wikisource |editor-first1=Tanaji |editor-last1=Halarnkar |editor-link1=Tanaji Halarnkar |others= |title=Konkani Vishwakosh |trans-title=Konkani Encyclopaedia |wslink=Page:Konkani Vishwakosh - Volume 4 Released.pdf/926 |type= |edition= |series= |pages=926 |volume=4 |year=1999 |publisher=[[Goa University]] |location=Goa |language=gom |wslanguage=gom }}</ref>

Prior to his full-time involvement in the liberation struggle, De Souza worked at [[Lloyds Bank]]. During his tenure there, he became involved in labour activism, serving as the General Secretary of the bank's Workers Union.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />

==Goa liberation movement==
De Souza joined the National Congress (Goa) in 1952 and eventually rose to the position of General Secretary within the organization.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />

In 1954, the National Congress (Goa), operating out of its base in Bombay, devised a strategy to mark [[Independence Day (India)|India's Independence Day]] on August 15 by sending activists across the borders from the Indian Union into Portuguese-controlled territory. The objective was to raise opposition against Portuguese rule and advocate for the liberation of Goa.<ref name="GoaFreedomSource">{{cite book |editor=Dr. Balaji S. Shenvy |title=Trial of Anthony de Souza and Others |volume=XXVII |publisher=Department of Goa Gazetteer and Hisorical Records |location=Miramar, Goa |year=2024}}</ref>

The plan involved three distinct groups entering Goa from different border points:
* A group led by Alfred Afonso, which entered via [[Terekhol]].
* A group led by [[Mark Fernandes]], which entered via the Banda border.
* A group led by Anthony De Souza, which entered via the Polem border.<ref name="GoaFreedomSource" />

On 15 August 1954, De Souza led a delegation of 19 ''Satyagrahis''. The group crossed into Goa from [[Karwar]] through the Polem border in [[Canacona]]. Following their entry, the group was intercepted by Portuguese authorities. De Souza and his associates were arrested and subsequently underwent trial. In the trial documents, De Souza was identified by the Portuguese name Antonio Joao de Souza.<ref name="GoaFreedomSource" />

Following his arrest, De Souza was initially detained in [[Panaji]]. He was convicted and sentenced to 28 years of imprisonment, serving time at [[Fort Aguada]] and [[Reis Magos Fort]]. He was released in 1959, after which he returned to underground resistance activities. He was once again arrested by the police in [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco]] and remained imprisoned until the [[Liberation of Goa]] in 1961.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />

==Political career==
Following the liberation of Goa, De Souza remained active in public life. In 1963, he was elected Secretary of the District [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] Committee. He also became a founding member of the [[Mormugao|Murgaon]] Dock Workers Union.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />

He eventually joined the [[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]] (MGP). In 1964, he was elected to the Panaji Municipal Corporation. Following the [[Goa Opinion Poll]], he served as the joint secretary of the MGP. Outside of politics, he served as the State Chief Commissioner for the [[Bharat Scouts and Guides]] in Goa.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />

D'Souza was elected to the [[Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Mandrem Assembly constituency]] in March 1967. He was appointed Minister for Law, Agriculture, Industries and Labour in the second [[Dayanand Bandodkar]] ministry.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" /> However, citing differences with the MGP leadership, he resigned from his ministerial post on 19 June 1970 and later defected against Bandodkar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fernandes |first=Aureliano |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHpuAAAAMAAJ |title=Cabinet Government in Goa, 1961-1993: A Chronicled Analysis of 30 Years of Government and Politics in Goa |date=1997 |publisher=Maureen & Camvet Publishers |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=The story of Goa's defections starts in 1960s |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/the-story-of-goas-defections-starts-in-1960s/articleshow/94216000.cms |access-date=2025-11-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name="PDAjeeb23">{{Cite book |last=Prabhudesai |first=Sandesh |author-link=Sandesh Prabhudesai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SjoF0AEACAAJ |title=Ajeeb Goa's Gajab Politics |date=April 2023 |publisher=Qurate Books Private Limited |isbn=978-93-94600-69-0 |pages=270}}</ref>

In his later political career, he joined the [[Indian National Congress]]. He continued his trade union activities, holding membership in the Goa Shipyard Workers Union, the National Engineer Workers Union, and the [[Indian National Trade Union Congress]] (INTUC). Toward the end of his life, he retired from active politics to focus on social work.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />

==Awards==
On 18 June 1984, he was posthumously awarded a Tamra Patra by the Government of Goa, Daman and Diu for his services during the liberation struggle.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:de Souza, Anthony}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Portuguese India]]
[[Category:Goa liberation activists]]
[[Category:Goa, Daman and Diu MLAs 1967–1972]]

Jugjugg Jeeyo

2026-03-28T19:10:00Z

Richa7864: slightly update section to improve readability also and corrected details

{{short description|2022 Indian film directed by Raj Mehta}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jugjugg Jeeyo
| image = Jugjugg Jeeyo poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Raj Mehta]]
| producer = Hiroo Yash Johar [[Karan Johar]] Apoorva Mehta
| writer =
| screenplay = [[Anurag Singh (director)|Anurag Singh]] Sumit Batheja Rishabh Sharma
{{Infobox
| decat=yes
| child=yes
| label1=Dialogues by
| data1=Rishabh Sharma
}}
| story = Anurag Singh
| based_on =
| starring = {{plainlist|

*[[Anil Kapoor]]
*[[Neetu Singh|Neetu Kapoor]]
*[[Varun Dhawan]]
*[[Kiara Advani]]
*[[Maniesh Paul]]
*[[Prajakta Koli]]
}}
| cinematography = Jay I. Patel
| editing = Manish More
| music = '''Score:''' John Stewart Eduri '''Songs:''' See [[#Soundtrack|Soundtrack]]
| studio = [[Dharma Productions]] Viacom18 Studios
| distributor = [[Viacom18 Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|06|24}}
| runtime = 148 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jugjugg Jeeyo |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/juj-jugg-jeeyo-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmda1mjey |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627152226/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/juj-jugg-jeeyo-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmda1mjey |archive-date=27 June 2022 |access-date=23 June 2022 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| budget = {{INR|120
}} [[crore]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Budget of Jug Jugg Jeeyo |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=6184 |website=Box Office India}}</ref>
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|140.13}} [[crore]]<ref name="bo">{{Cite web |date=24 June 2022 |title=Jug Jugg Jeeyo Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jugjugg-jeeyo/box-office/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709065244/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jugjugg-jeeyo/box-office/ |archive-date=9 July 2022 |access-date=18 July 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Jugjugg Jeeyo''''' ({{translation| ''Live a Long Life''}}) is a 2022 Indian [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]]-language [[Drama (film and television)#Family drama|family]] [[comedy-drama film]] directed by [[Raj Mehta]] and produced by [[Dharma Productions]] and [[Viacom18 Studios]]. The film stars [[Anil Kapoor]], [[Neetu Singh|Neetu Kapoor]], [[Varun Dhawan]], [[Kiara Advani]], [[Maniesh Paul]], and debutante [[Prajakta Koli]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2020 |title=Neetu Kapoor kicks off Jug Jug Jiyo with Anil, Varun, Kiara and a note to Rishi Kapoor |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/neetu-kapoor-kicks-off-jug-jug-jiyo-with-anil-varun-kiara-and-a-note-to-rishi-kapoor-1740614-2020-11-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523040452/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/bollywood/story/neetu-kapoor-kicks-off-jug-jug-jiyo-with-anil-varun-kiara-and-a-note-to-rishi-kapoor-1740614-2020-11-13 |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=10 December 2020 |website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2020 |title=Jug Jug Jeeyo: Varun Dhawan, Kiara Advani share first pics of their film, they play husband and wife. See pics |url=https://hindustantimes.com/bollywood/jug-jug-jeeyo-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-share-first-pics-of-their-film-they-play-husband-and-wife-see-pics/story-3pOX1WesTVZnreOcRT1KZI.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209053835/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/jug-jug-jeeyo-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-share-first-pics-of-their-film-they-play-husband-and-wife-see-pics/story-3pOX1WesTVZnreOcRT1KZI.html |archive-date=9 December 2020 |access-date=10 December 2020 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

''Jugjugg Jeeyo'' was released on 24 June 2022 and received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics with praise towards the performances, screenplay and humour. The film grossed {{INRConvert|101.23|c}} in India and {{INRConvert|34.90|c}} overseas, for a worldwide gross collection of {{INRConvert|140.13|c}} it performed average at the box office .<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2022 |title=JUGJUGG JEEYO BOX OFFICE |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jugjugg-jeeyo/box-office/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2022 |title=JugJugg Jeeyo Box Office: Film nears the Rs. 85 cr mark after five week run |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/jugjugg-jeeyo-box-office-film-nears-rs-85-cr-mark-five-week-run/ |access-date=31 July 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>

At the [[68th Filmfare Awards]], ''Jugjugg Jeeyo'' received six nominations, including [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] (Neetu Kapoor), [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] (Paul) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]] (Koli), and won two awards – Best Supporting Actor (Anil Kapoor) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]] ([[Kavita Seth]] for "[[Rangisari]]").

== Plot ==
Kuldeep "Kukoo" Saini and Nainaa Sharma marry each other, having loved each other ever since they had gone to school together. The couple relocates to [[Toronto]], [[Canada]] for Nainaa's job in a corporate company while Kukoo is employed as a bouncer in a nightclub. Within five years, the couple's marital life gets strained due to prolonged silences, unfinished conversations and resentful hearts while Nainaa is offered a new position as the vice-president of HR in [[New York City]] and Kukoo is frustrated with his job. On their wedding anniversary, Nainaa and Kukoo confess to each other about their stressed marital lives and plan to divorce each other once Kukoo's sister Ginny is married. They fly to their hometown of [[Patiala]], [[India]] to attend Ginny's wedding with Baljeet and are received by Kukoo's happy parents Bheem and Geeta and Ginny. Nainaa and Kukoo pretend to be happy, unwilling to disturb the vibes of Ginny's marriage while Ginny has conflicted feelings for her former boyfriend, Gaurav.

As Nainaa's boss urges her to decide soon about her promotion, she insists that Kukoo reveal their divorce plan to his parents. Kukoo parties with his father Bheem and tries to tell him about his plans to get separated from Nainaa but rather learns that Bheem intends to divorce Geeta after Ginny's wedding. Puzzled, Kukoo attempts to confront Bheem and is informed of the latter's extramarital affair with Kukoo's mathematics teacher in 12th grade, Meera. Meanwhile, Nainaa becomes frustrated when the women of the house arrange a small prayer for her to bear children and angrily discloses her plans to get separated from Kukoo to her mother and Geeta. Next morning, a shocked Geeta confronts Kukoo and Nainaa and tries convincing them to sort their problems out. Frustrated when Bheem tries to do the same as Geeta, Kukoo reveals Bheem's affair with Meera to Geeta and Nainaa, shattering the former while Bheem fakes a heart stroke and requests the doctor, their family friend, to play along with his act.

Meanwhile, Geeta plans to unite Bheem and Meera after Ginny's wedding and informs them, Nainaa and Kukoo of the same at a temple much to everyone's despair. Due to Geeta's act, Kukoo picks an argument with her and Nainaa at home, leaves the house and drinks with Gurpreet, his best friend, confidant and Nainaa's elder brother. At night, Bheem leaves the house to live with Meera but the latter doesn't wish to be with him as she feels that she could never be like Geeta. When Kukoo meets Bheem on the road, the latter pretends to have left Meera for good and realized that Geeta is his better half. Convinced of his act, Geeta forgives Bheem while Ginny, who is unaware of all the drama taking place at her home, arranges for her parents to renew their wedding vows on the occasion of their wedding anniversary. On the day of Geeta and Bheem's re-wedding, Kukoo and Gurpreet call Meera to mock her as Bheem "kicked her out" in favour of Geeta but realize that it was Meera who rejected Bheem. Infuriated by his father, Kukoo simultaneously discloses it all publicly and insults Bheem, for which Geeta slaps Kukoo but ultimately decides to file for divorce.

Having learnt of Kukoo and Nainaa's plans of divorce and her parents' conflict, Ginny bursts out about her insecurity in marrying Baljeet as she still loves someone else while she was all along ready to marry Baljeet as Geeta had once assured her that everything would be right after marriage whereas it did not work out for both the couples. The divorce proceedings begin for both the couples. While Bheem and Geeta are given six months by the court to reconsider, Kukoo refuses to accept for divorce, apologizing to Nainaa for not being part of her success all along and being jealous of it instead. They reconcile and set to leave for New York City while Bheem plans to reconcile with Geeta within these six months, having realized his selfishness and also thinks of having Ginny marry Gaurav.

==Cast==

* [[Anil Kapoor]] as Bheem Saini
* [[Neetu Kapoor]] as Geeta Saini<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 November 2020 |title=Neetu Kapoor remembers Rishi Kapoor as she leaves to shoot 'Jug Jug Jiyo' with Anil Kapoor, Varun Dhawan, Kiara Advani |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/photo-gallery-neetu-kapoor-remembers-rishi-kapoor-as-she-leaves-to-shoot-jug-jug-jiyo-with-anil-kapoor-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-2856091 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113073943/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/photo-gallery-neetu-kapoor-remembers-rishi-kapoor-as-she-leaves-to-shoot-jug-jug-jiyo-with-anil-kapoor-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-2856091 |archive-date=13 November 2020 |access-date=10 December 2020 |work=Daily News & Analysis}}</ref>
* [[Varun Dhawan]] as Kuldeep "Kukoo" Saini
* [[Kiara Advani]] as Nainaa Saini
* [[Maniesh Paul]] as Gurpreet Sharma<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kapil Sharma pulls Maniesh Paul's leg for playing Kiara Advani's brother in Jugjugg Jeeyo |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kapil-sharma-pulls-maniesh-pauls-leg-for-playing-kiara-advanis-brother-in-jugjugg-jeeyo-yeh-dharma-ki-film-mili-hai-ya-karmon-ka-phal/articleshow/91912734.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616034313/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kapil-sharma-pulls-maniesh-pauls-leg-for-playing-kiara-advanis-brother-in-jugjugg-jeeyo-yeh-dharma-ki-film-mili-hai-ya-karmon-ka-phal/articleshow/91912734.cms |archive-date=16 June 2022 |access-date=2022-06-16 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 November 2020 |title=Maniesh Paul joins Varun Dhawan and Kiara Advani in Raj Mehta's next Jug Jug Jiyo |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/maniesh-paul-joins-varun-dhawan-and-kiara-advani-in-raj-mehtas-next-jug-jug-jiyo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127065351/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/maniesh-paul-joins-varun-dhawan-and-kiara-advani-in-raj-mehtas-next-jug-jug-jiyo/ |archive-date=27 November 2020 |access-date=10 December 2020 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
* [[Prajakta Koli]] as Ginny Saini<ref>{{Cite web |title=Varun Dhawan's Juggjugg Jeeyo Co-Star Prajakta Koli Nailed His Accent. Hrithik Roshan Agrees |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/varun-dhawans-juggjugg-jeeyo-co-star-prajakta-koli-nailed-his-accent-hrithik-roshan-agrees-3096559 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630223313/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/varun-dhawans-juggjugg-jeeyo-co-star-prajakta-koli-nailed-his-accent-hrithik-roshan-agrees-3096559 |archive-date=30 June 2022 |access-date=30 June 2022 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
* [[Tisca Chopra]] as Meera Malhotra<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2022 |title=Tisca Chopra on her role in Jug Jug Jeeyo: 'Mira is a key catalyst for all that happens in the story' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/tisca-chopra-on-her-role-in-jug-jug-jeeyo-mira-is-a-key-catalyst-for-all-that-happens-in-the-story-10797801.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630223313/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/tisca-chopra-on-her-role-in-jug-jug-jeeyo-mira-is-a-key-catalyst-for-all-that-happens-in-the-story-10797801.html |archive-date=30 June 2022 |access-date=30 June 2022 |website=Firstpost}}</ref>
* [[Varun Sood (actor)|Varun Sood]] as Gaurav Kapoor
* Savant Singh Premi as Baljeet "Ballu" Sodhi
* Naman Arora as Vishal Verma
* [[Suparna Marwah]] as Nainaa and Gurpreet's mother
* [[Elnaaz Norouzi]] - special appearance in the song "Duppata"<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2022 |title=Sacred Games girl Elnaaz Norouzi features in an item song in Varun Dhawan-Kiara Advani starrer JugJugg Jeeyo |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sacred-games-girl-elnaaz-norouzi-features-item-song-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-starrer-jugjugg-jeeyo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521121002/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sacred-games-girl-elnaaz-norouzi-features-item-song-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-starrer-jugjugg-jeeyo/ |archive-date=21 May 2022 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>

==Production==
[[Principal photography]] commenced on 16 November 2020 in [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2021 |title=Jug Jugg Jeeyo: Neetu Kapoor, Anil Kapoor, Varun Dhawan And Kiara Advani To Begin Shooting |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/jug-jugg-jeeyo-neetu-kapoor-anil-kapoor-varun-dhawan-and-kiara-advani-to-begin-shooting-2324427/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129220305/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/jug-jugg-jeeyo-neetu-kapoor-anil-kapoor-varun-dhawan-and-kiara-advani-to-begin-shooting-2324427 |archive-date=29 November 2021 |access-date=29 November 2021 |website=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Maru |first=Vibha |date=16 November 2021 |title=Neetu Kapoor feels Rishi Kapoor's love and presence as she starts Jug Jugg Jeeyo shooting |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/neetu-kapoor-feels-rishi-kapoor-s-love-and-presence-as-she-starts-jug-jugg-jeeyo-shooting-1741269-2020-11-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129220302/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/celebrities/story/neetu-kapoor-feels-rishi-kapoor-s-love-and-presence-as-she-starts-jug-jugg-jeeyo-shooting-1741269-2020-11-16 |archive-date=29 November 2021 |access-date=29 November 2021 |website=India Today}}</ref> The shooting [[wrap (filming)|wrapped up]] in November 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2021 |title=Varun Dhawan, Kiara Advani, Neetu Kapoor, Anil Kapoor celebrate as they get closer to Jug Jugg Jeeyo wrap |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-neetu-kapoor-anil-kapoor-celebrate-they-get-closer-jug-jugg-jeeyo-wrap-pic-923521 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622171530/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-neetu-kapoor-anil-kapoor-celebrate-they-get-closer-jug-jugg-jeeyo-wrap-pic-923521 |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=22 June 2022 |website=Pinkvilla}}</ref>

==Release==
''Jugjugg Jeeyo'' was released in theatres on 24 June 2022 in 3,375 screens with 11,384 shows per day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2022 |title=Jugjugg Jeeyo Day 1 Occupancy Report |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/jugjugg-jeeyo-day-1-occupancy-report-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-starrer-opens-around-20-occupancy-morning-shows/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624082322/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/jugjugg-jeeyo-day-1-occupancy-report-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-starrer-opens-around-20-occupancy-morning-shows/ |archive-date=24 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> It premiered digitally on 22 July 2022 on [[Amazon Prime Video]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1525325734444601344 |user=LetsOTT |title=JugJugg Jeeyo will stream on Prime Video |author=LetsOTT Global |date=14 May 2022 |access-date=26 June 2022}}</ref>

===Lawsuit===
On 21 June 2022, Vishal Singh, a writer from [[Ranchi]], India, accused Karan Johar of plagiarizing the plot for ''Jugjugg Jeeyo''. Singh claimed the story was copied from his story ''Punny Rani'', demanding Rs. 1.5 crores in compensation. As of 23 June 2022, the matter was before a local court.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Jugjugg Jeeyo' is in a copyright infringement case |url=https://www.siasat.com/jugjugg-jeeyo-is-in-a-copyright-infringement-case-2353461/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624134817/https://www.siasat.com/jugjugg-jeeyo-is-in-a-copyright-infringement-case-2353461/ |archive-date=24 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |publisher=[[Siasat Daily]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox Album
| name = Jugjugg Jeeyo
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Kanishk Seth (musician)|Kanishk Seth]] - [[Kavita Seth]], Diesby, Pozy and Vishal Shelke
| released = 24 June 2022<ref name="jiosaavn">{{Cite web |date=24 June 2022 |title=Jugjugg Jeeyo – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/jugjugg-jeeyo/y3MFQqbbKr4_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625084143/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/jugjugg-jeeyo/y3MFQqbbKr4_ |archive-date=25 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |publisher=Jiosaavn}}</ref>
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 31:37
| language = Hindi
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = [[Bhushan Kumar]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|LNW6t4nODoA|Jugjugg
Jeeyo - Full Album}}
}}
}}

The music of the film is composed by [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Kanishk Seth (musician)|Kanishk Seth]] - [[Kavita Seth]], Diesby, Pozy and Vishal Shelke with lyrics written by Tanishk Bagchi, [[Abrar-ul-Haq]], Diesby, Shamsher Sandhu, Ginny Diwan, Dhruv Yogi and Ghulam Mohd. Khavar.<ref name="jiosaavn" />

The first song, titled "The Punjaabban Song", was recreated by Tanishk Bagchi from the 2002 Pakistani music album ''Nach Punjaban'' by [[Abrar-ul-Haq]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2022 |title=JugJugg Jeeyo's The Punjaabban Song: Varun Dhawan, Kiara Advani, Anil & Neetu Kapoor kill it in wedding anthem |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/jugjugg-jeeyos-punjaabban-song-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-anil-neetu-kapoor-kill-it-wedding-anthem-1112463 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528072815/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/jugjugg-jeeyos-punjaabban-song-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-anil-neetu-kapoor-kill-it-wedding-anthem-1112463 |archive-date=28 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=Pinkvilla}}</ref>

The second song, "[[Rangisari]]", is a re-release of the song "Rangi Saari" by [[Kavita Seth]] - [[Kanishk Seth (musician)|Kanishk Seth]], recreated from the late classical vocalist [[Shobha Gurtu]]’s popular thumri.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2022 |title=JugJugg Jeeyo song Rangisari: Varun Dhawan, Kiara Advani romance in colourful dance number;fans get Holi vibes |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jugjugg-jeeyo-song-rangisari-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-romance-in-colourful-dance-number-fans-get-holi-vibes-watch-101654497070826.html |access-date=12 June 2022 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

The third song, "Duppata", was a recreated version of the 1994 hit Punjabi song ''Dupatta Tera Satrang Da'', composed by [[Atul Sharma]], written by Shamsher Sandhu and sung by [[Surjit Bindrakhia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2022 |title=Jugjugg Jeeyo song Duppata: Film's latest remix has everything but a 'duppata' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jugjugg-jeeyo-song-duppata-film-s-latest-recreated-song-has-everything-but-a-duppata-watch-101655018526153.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612081325/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jugjugg-jeeyo-song-duppata-film-s-latest-recreated-song-has-everything-but-a-duppata-watch-101655018526153.html |archive-date=12 June 2022 |access-date=12 June 2022 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> The remix version is sung by Diesby, Chapter 6 and Shreya Sharma, with Diesby writing and composing the remix.

The fourth song, "Nain Ta Heere", is an original romantic number sung by Guru Randhawa and Asees Kaur with lyrics by Ghulam Mohd. Khavar translated by Kumaar. The song marks composer Vishal Shelke's debut, and replaced a song "Ik Mulaqaat" originally composed and written by [[Mithoon]], which would have marked the composer's first collaboration with [[Dharma Productions]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} A version of the song, released only as [[Instagram]] reel audio, was sung by Advani.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-21 |title=Kiara Advani sings Nain Ta Heere, leaves fans surprised with her version of the Jugjugg Jeeyo song |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-sings-nain-ta-heere-leaves-fans-surprised-with-her-version-of-the-jugjugg-jeeyos-song-7981546/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015051523/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kiara-advani-sings-nain-ta-heere-leaves-fans-surprised-with-her-version-of-the-jugjugg-jeeyos-song-7981546/ |archive-date=15 October 2022 |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kiara drops her version of 'Nain Te Heere' with a cute video with Varun Dhawan |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/other/kiara-drops-her-version-of-nain-te-heere-with-a-cute-video-with-varun-dhawan/ar-AAYIqBa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015051521/https://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/other/kiara-drops-her-version-of-nain-te-heere-with-a-cute-video-with-varun-dhawan/ar-AAYIqBa |archive-date=15 October 2022 |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=MSN |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Kiara Advani releases her version of 'Nain Ta Heere' from 'Jug Jugg Jeeyo'; Fans just can't stop gushing over her 'beautiful voice' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kiara-advani-releases-her-version-of-nain-ta-heere-from-jug-jugg-jeeyo-fans-just-cant-stop-gushing-over-her-beautiful-voice/articleshow/92357698.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624000056/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kiara-advani-releases-her-version-of-nain-ta-heere-from-jug-jugg-jeeyo-fans-just-cant-stop-gushing-over-her-beautiful-voice/articleshow/92357698.cms |archive-date=24 June 2022 |access-date=2022-06-24 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 31:37
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Jugjugg Jeeyo
| extra1 = Tanishk Bagchi
| music1 = [[Tanishk Bagchi]]
| lyrics1 = Tanishk Bagchi
| length1 = 2:22
| title2 = The Punjaabban Song
| extra2 = [[Gippy Grewal]], [[Zahrah S Khan]], [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Romy]] & [[Abrar-ul-Haq]]
| music2 = Tanishk Bagchi, Abrar-Ul-Haq
| lyrics2 = Tanishk Bagchi, [[Abrar-ul-Haq]]
| length2 = 3:19
| title3 = [[Rangisari]]
| extra3 = Kanishk Seth, Kavita Seth
| music3 = [[Kanishk Seth (musician)|Kanishk Seth]], [[Kavita Seth]]
| lyrics3 = Traditional
| length3 = 3:43
| title4 = Tum Jo Gaye
| note4 = Male Version
| extra4 = Pozy
| music4 = Pozy
| lyrics4 = Ginny Diwan
| length4 = 2:24
| title5 = Rok Leyy
| extra5 = Simiran Kaur Dhadli
| music5 = Tanishk Bagchi
| lyrics5 = Dhruv Yogi
| length5 = 2:52
| title6 = Nain Ta Heere
| extra6 = [[Guru Randhawa]], [[Asees Kaur]]
| music6 = Vishal Shelke
| lyrics6 = Ghulam Mohd. Khavar
| length6 = 3:36
| title7 = Tum Jo Gaye
| note7 = Female Version
| extra7 = [[Swati Sharma]]
| music7 = Pozy
| lyrics7 = Ginny Diwan
| length7 = 2:25
| title8 = Duppata
| extra8 = Diesby, Shreya Sharma
| music8 = Diesby
| lyrics8 = Diesby, Shamsher Sandhu
| length8 = 3:40
| title9 = Jaise Savan
| extra9 = Tanishk Bagchi, Zahrah S Khan
| music9 = Tanishk Bagchi
| lyrics9 = Tanishk Bagchi
| length9 = 3:43
| title10 = Nain Ta Heere
| note10 = Lisa Version
| extra10 = [[Lisa Mishra]], Guru Randhawa
| music10 = Vishal Shelke
| lyrics10 = Ghulam Mohd. Khavar, Kumaar
| length10 = 3:33
}}

==Reception==
===Box office ===
It earned {{INR}}9.28 crores at the domestic box office on its opening day. On the second day, the film collected {{INR}}10.55 crore. On the third day, the film collected {{INR}}12.10 crore, taking a total domestic opening weekend of {{INR}}28.93 crore.<ref name="bo" />

{{As of|2022|8|5}}, the film grossed {{INRConvert|101.23|c}} in India and {{INRConvert|34.90|c}} overseas, for a worldwide gross collection of {{INRConvert|136.13|c}}.<ref name="bo" />

===Critical reception===
''Jugjugg Jeeyo'' received mixed reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JugJugg Jeeyo: Varun Dhawan-Kiara Advani's film HD print leaked on Tamilrockers, Movierulz, Filmyzilla |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-jugjugg-jeeyo-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-s-film-hd-print-leaked-on-tamilrockers-movierulz-filmyzilla-2963228 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624110609/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-jugjugg-jeeyo-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-s-film-hd-print-leaked-on-tamilrockers-movierulz-filmyzilla-2963228 |archive-date=24 June 2022 |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=[[DNA India]] |quote=JugJugg Jeeyo opened up this Friday with rave reviews from critics.}}</ref> {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|45|5.3|11|consensus=}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jugjugg Jeeyo {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/jugjugg_jeeyo |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>

[[Taran Adarsh]] of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' rated the film 4 out of 5 stars and wrote, "''Jugjugg Jeeyo'' balances drama, humour and emotions seamlessly."<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=Jugjugg Jeeyo Movie Review |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jugjugg-jeeyo/critic-review/jugjugg-jeeyo-movie-review/jugjugg-jeeyo-balances-drama-humour-and-emotions-seamlessly/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624075427/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/movie/jugjugg-jeeyo/critic-review/jugjugg-jeeyo-movie-review/jugjugg-jeeyo-balances-drama-humour-and-emotions-seamlessly/ |archive-date=24 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> Ronek Kotecha of ''[[The Times Of India]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "Just like its characters, ''Jugjugg Jeeyo'' too has its flaws but at the end of the day, it’s all in the family and this is just the kind of wholesome family entertainer."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jug Jugg Jeeyo Movie Review : Anil Kapoor is the Jaan of Jugjugg Jeeyo |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/jug-jugg-jeeyo/movie-review/92420144.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623214751/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/jug-jugg-jeeyo/movie-review/92420144.cms |archive-date=23 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=[[The Times Of India]]}}</ref> Tushar Joshi of ''[[India Today]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "''JugJugg Jeeyo''’s biggest strength lies in the fact that it is able to showcase the strength of its entire star cast in the best way possible."<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2022 |title=JugJugg Jeeyo Movie Review: Varun Dhawan, Anil Kapoor's father-son act is jhakkas in this family entertainer |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/jugjugg-jeeyo-movie-review-varun-dhawan-anil-kapoor-s-father-son-act-is-jhakkas-in-this-family-entertainer-1966123-2022-06-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015051555/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/reviews/story/jugjugg-jeeyo-movie-review-varun-dhawan-anil-kapoor-s-father-son-act-is-jhakkas-in-this-family-entertainer-1966123-2022-06-24#scso=_oWe1YvTFN_LNseMP6N6n-As8:0 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Zinia Bandyopadhyay of ''[[News 18]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "''Jugjugg Jeeyo'' will make you laugh, cry and join the characters on the emotional roller coaster."<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2022 |title=Jugjugg Jeeyo Review: Neetu Kapoor Shines in Raj Mehta's Family Drama |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/jugjugg-jeeyo-review-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-anil-kapoor-neetu-kapoor-maniesh-paul-prajakta-koli-raj-mehta-5428081.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623223118/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/jugjugg-jeeyo-review-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-anil-kapoor-neetu-kapoor-maniesh-paul-prajakta-koli-raj-mehta-5428081.html |archive-date=23 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=[[News 18]]}}</ref> Himesh Mankad of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "''Jug Jugg Jeeyo'' marries comedy with drama and emotions and is a full on package that will entertain the audience."<ref>{{Cite web |title=JugJugg Jeeyo Movie Review: Varun Dhawan & Kiara Advani's entertainer is packed with Laughter, Emotion & Drama |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/jug-jugg-jeeyo-movie-review-varun-kiaras-wholesome-entertainer-packed-laughter-emotion-drama-1148604%3famp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623072149/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/jug-jugg-jeeyo-movie-review-varun-kiaras-wholesome-entertainer-packed-laughter-emotion-drama-1148604?amp |archive-date=23 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref> Sukanya Verma of ''[[Rediff]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "''JugJugg Jeeyo'' is a David Dhawan comedy, not directed by David Dhawan."<ref>{{Cite web |title=JugJugg Jeeyo Review |url=https://www.m.rediff.com/amp/movies/review/jugjugg-jeeyo-review/20220624.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624162448/https://m.rediff.com/amp/movies/review/jugjugg-jeeyo-review/20220624.htm |archive-date=24 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=[[Rediff]]}}</ref>

Tina Das of ''[[The Print]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "Comedy is often not a great tool to discuss tense topics, but Anil Kapoor and Neetu Singh's ''Jugg Jugg Jeeyo'' passes the test."<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2022 |title=Stellar cast, tight plot—Jugg Jugg Jeeyo is the Bollywood comedy India has been waiting for |url=https://theprint.in/features/reel-take/stellar-cast-tight-plot-jugg-jugg-jeeyo-is-the-bollywood-comedy-india-has-been-waiting-for/1010032/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626033418/https://theprint.in/features/reel-take/stellar-cast-tight-plot-jugg-jugg-jeeyo-is-the-bollywood-comedy-india-has-been-waiting-for/1010032/ |archive-date=26 June 2022 |access-date=26 June 2022 |website=[[The Print]]}}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "''JugJugg Jeeyo'' feels like a set-up for a modern-day dive into post-marriage shenanigans."<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2022 |title=JugJugg Jeeyo movie review: Randy and bawdy, Varun Dhawan-Kiara Advani film dilutes its big ideas |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/jugjugg-jeeyo-movie-review-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-film-dilutes-big-ideas-7987764/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624034346/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/jugjugg-jeeyo-movie-review-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-film-dilutes-big-ideas-7987764/ |archive-date=24 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> [[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' rated the film 2 out of 5 stars and wrote, "Neetu Kapoor strides through the film with striking poise. Full marks to Varun and Kiara for trying to keep up with Anil Kapoor."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jugjugg Jeeyo Review: Neetu Kapoor, Anil Kapoor, Varun Dhawan, Kiara Advani's Film Is Entertaining But Not Insightful |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/jugjugg-jeeyo-review-neetu-kapoor-anil-kapoor-varun-dhawan-kiara-advanis-film-is-entertaining-but-not-insightful-2-stars-3095953 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015051538/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/jugjugg-jeeyo-review-neetu-kapoor-anil-kapoor-varun-dhawan-kiara-advanis-film-is-entertaining-but-not-insightful-2-stars-3095953 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> [[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' rated the film 2 out of 5 stars and wrote, "''Jugjugg Jeeyo''<nowiki/>'s apologetic feminism aims to cater to both feminists and conservatives. As a consequence, it is neither here nor there and may as well be nowhere."<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2022 |title=Jugjugg Jeeyo movie review: At pains to balance out its feminism by humourising male infidelity and selfishness |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/jugjugg-jeeyo-movie-review-at-pains-to-balance-out-its-feminism-by-humourising-male-infidelity-and-selfishness-10832281.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624122429/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/jugjugg-jeeyo-movie-review-at-pains-to-balance-out-its-feminism-by-humourising-male-infidelity-and-selfishness-10832281.html |archive-date=24 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> Monika Rawal Kukreja of ''[[The Hindustan Times]]'' stated, "Varun Dhawan, Kira Advani, Anil Kapoor and Neetu Kapoor bring a fun family drama to life."<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2022 |title=JugJugg Jeeyo review: Entertaining and emotional tale featuring good-looking people |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jugjugg-jeeyo-review-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-anil-kapoor-neetu-kapoor-101656038392114-amp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624073529/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jugjugg-jeeyo-review-varun-dhawan-kiara-advani-anil-kapoor-neetu-kapoor-101656038392114-amp.html |archive-date=24 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=[[The Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' stated, "Director Raj Mehta’s family drama can evoke a few hearty laughs and some animated dinner table discussions, but the movie ends up only scratching the proverbial surface of male entitlement and chauvinism."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=24 June 2022 |title='Jugjugg Jeeyo' movie review: Anil Kapoor is the throbbing heart of this dysfunctional comedy that works in parts |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/jugjugg-jeeyo-movie-review-anil-kapoor-is-the-throbbing-heart-of-this-dysfunctional-comedy-that-works-in-parts/article65560067.ece/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624062431/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/jugjugg-jeeyo-movie-review-anil-kapoor-is-the-throbbing-heart-of-this-dysfunctional-comedy-that-works-in-parts/article65560067.ece/amp/ |archive-date=24 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
!scope="col"| Award
!scope="col"| Date of the ceremony
!scope="col"| Category
!scope="col"| Recipients
!scope="col"| Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Refh}}
|-
|rowspan="8"|[[Zee Cine Awards]]
|rowspan="8"|18 March 2023
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
|Jugjugg Jeeyo
|{{nom}}
|rowspan="8"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2023 |title=ZEE Cine Awards 2023: Winners list |url=https://www.bizasialive.com/zee-cine-awards-2023-winners-list/ |access-date=18 March 2023 |website=Bizasialive}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2023 |title=Full list of winners: 2023 Zee Cine Awards winners are |url=https://www.masala.com/bollywood-news/winners-zee-cine-awards |access-date=21 March 2023 |website=Masala}}</ref>
|-
|[[Zee Cine Award for Performer of the Year – Male|Best Performer of the Year – Male]]
|[[Varun Dhawan]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Zee Cine Award for Performer of the Year – Female|Best Performer of the Year – Female]]
|[[Kiara Advani]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Male|Best Supporting Actor]]
|[[Anil Kapoor]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female|Best Supporting Actress]]
|[[Neetu Kapoor]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role|Best Comic Actor]]
|[[Manish Paul]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Playback Singer – Female|Best Female Playback Singer]]
|[[Kavita Seth]] for "[[Rangisari]]"
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Track of the Year|Song of the Year]]
|"The Punjaabban Song"
|{{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[Filmfare Awards]]
|rowspan="6"|28 April 2023
|rowspan="2"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|[[Anil Kapoor]]
|{{won}}
|rowspan="6"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=NOMINATIONS FOR 68thHYUNDAI FILMFARE AWARDS 2023 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2023/nominations.amp |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Filmfare}}</ref>
|-
|[[Manish Paul]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|[[Neetu Kapoor]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]
|[[Prajakta Koli]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
|[[Kavita Seth]] for "[[Rangisari]]"
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
|[[Bosco–Caesar]] for "[[Rangisari]]"
|{{nom}}
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt13449624}}
{{Portal bar|India|Film|Bollywood}}
{{Dharma Productions}}
{{Viacom18 Studios}}

[[Category:2022 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Toronto]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chandigarh]]
[[Category:2022 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:Viacom18 Studios films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films involved in plagiarism controversies]]
[[Category:Works subject to a lawsuit]]
[[Category:Indian intellectual property law]]
[[Category:Films set in Chandigarh]]
[[Category:Films set in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Films set in Toronto]]
[[Category:Indian films set in New York City]]
[[Category:Midlife crisis films]]
[[Category:Films about divorce]]
[[Category:Films about marriage]]
[[Category:2022 controversies]]
[[Category:Films directed by Raj Mehta]]

Freelancing in India

2026-03-26T07:23:56Z

Richa7864:

{{Short description|none}}
{{Multiple issues|{{cleanup|reason=Broken referencing, some inline references seem misplaced (see original article version)|date=October 2017}}
{{tone|date=July 2017}}
{{Update|date=November 2022}}}}
[[India]] had an estimated 15 million independent workers or freelancers in 2020, with industries like Information Technology, finance, Human Resource and design increasingly hiring people on a project basis.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Majumdar |first=Debleena |date=2023-07-24 |title=Factors that make highly qualified people choose freelance careers over one-off gigs |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/jobs/mid-career/factors-that-make-highly-qualified-people-choose-freelance-careers-over-one-off-gigs/articleshow/102071660.cms |access-date=2023-11-06 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> 70 percent of freelancers from India reported working exclusively as freelancers, with 48 percent of them dedicating 30 hours or less per week to their work.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Gig economy: 66% of freelancers in India optimistic about growing global demand from SMBs, says survey |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/sme-msme-eodb-66-of-freelancers-in-india-optimistic-about-growing-global-demand-from-smbs-survey-3116027/ |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> In a report of ''(National Institution for Transforming India)'' [[NITI Aayog]] has estimated that India’s gig workforce or Freelancing will grow to 2.35 [[crore]] by 2029-30. In 2020-21, it was at 77 lakh. Of this 26.6 lakh gig workers were from sales and retail trade.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-04 |title=Freelancing as a Lifestyle: Six tips for gig workers for better work-life balance |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/how-to/freelancing-as-a-lifestyle-six-tips-for-gig-workers-for-better-work-life-balance/articleshow/104972715.cms |access-date=2024-04-01 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-04 |title=Freelancing as a Lifestyle: Six tips for gig workers for better work-life balance |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/how-to/freelancing-as-a-lifestyle-six-tips-for-gig-workers-for-better-work-life-balance/articleshow/104972715.cms#:~:text=In%20a%20recent,a%20large%20chunk. |access-date=2024-04-01 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

India’s young workforce is inclining toward [[Freelancer|freelance]] and contractual opportunities. Possessing one of the world’s highest youngest working populations, India has considered to have significant potential to become the world’s largest freelance [[gig economy]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jain |first=Harsh |title=New rise in India’s freelance community in 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/voices/new-rise-in-indias-freelance-community-in-2022/#:~:text=India%E2%80%99s%20young%20workforce%20is%20inclining%20toward%20freelance%20and%20contractual%20opportunities.%20Possessing%20one%20of%20the%20world%E2%80%99s%20highest%20youngest%20working%20populations,%20India%20has%20the%20potential%20to%20become%20the%20world%E2%80%99s%20largest%20freelance%20gig%20economy. |access-date=2024-04-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Government ==
There was little effort from India's [[Government of India|government]] towards assisting freelancers until in 2015 when it started the ''Digital India Platform (''DIP), an initiative to digitize all government documents and where freelancers are hired to perform the tasks. Anyone with computer knowledge, Internet access, and a valid Aadhar card would be eligible to apply for this freelance opportunity.<ref>Burke, Miles. The Principles Of Successful Freelancing. 1st ed., Collingwood, Vic., Sitepoint, 2008,.</ref> More than 68% of freelancers depend upon social media to find suitable work opportunities <ref>{{Cite news |date=1 June 2023 |title=68% freelancers in India depend on social media to find work: Report |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/68-indian-freelancers-rely-on-social-media-to-find-work-says-report-123060100736_1.html |access-date=31 October 2023}}</ref>

Considering that the [[Modi Government|PM Modi’s Government]] has encouraged [[entrepreneurship]] by launching multiple programs, such as [[Skill India]] and [[Startup India]], it should now lend a helping hand and support the freelancer's community.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kaur |first=Gagandeep |title=Should the government lend a helping hand to the freelancers? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/voices/should-the-government-lend-a-helping-hand-to-the-freelancers/ |access-date=2024-04-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Female Indian freelance workers ==
Numerous highly educated women, holding masters and doctorate degrees in India who cannot pursue a regular occupation due to family and social obligations.<ref name="indiatimes1">{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/jobs/heres-why-freelancers-are-in-great-demand/articleshow/54538358.cms|title=Here's why freelancers are in great demand - The Economic Times|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=2017-01-31}}</ref> Rather than cutting short their professional careers, these women often turn to freelancing.

Although freelancing offers a flexible career option, the number of Indian women in freelancing remains comparatively smaller than their male counterparts. In a survey conducted by Payoneer, a payments services provider based in New York in 2015, only 22 percent of Indian freelancers are women.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tech/tech-internet-combine-to-create-unconventional-career-options/story-1kHKXGcYpUiEMgyTYT9nNO.html|title=Thanks to internet, India has most freelance professionals after US|date=2015-12-07|newspaper=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2017-01-31}}</ref> Not only this but the same report reveals that women are paid lesser than the men who freelance. While a male freelancer earns $19 per hour on an average, a female freelancer apparently earns $17 per hour for the same project.<ref name="Scroll.in">{{Cite news|url=http://scroll.in/article/720242/work-more-earn-less-four-charts-sum-up-the-economics-of-freelancing-in-india|title=Work more, earn less: four charts sum up the economics of freelancing in India|last=Jain|first=Mayank|newspaper=Scroll.in|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-31}}</ref>

== Companies and freelancers ==
The distinct shifts in technology, culture, demographics, and professional needs and goals have driven companies to reassess their human resource policies to accommodate the burgeoning freelance economy.<ref name="indiatimes1"/> India has seen a significant increase in the freelance community, with a 46% rise in new freelancers from Q1 to Q2 in 2020, as reported by Times of India in 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/voices/new-rise-in-indias-freelance-community-in-2022/|title=New rise in India's freelance community in 2022|date=2022-03-17|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> These companies hire freelancers and independent consultants across various levels of management, including positions such as freelance CFOs who contribute to streamlining a company’s finances. According to industry estimates, hiring the services of an outsourced CFO can result in operational savings of 30 to 70 percent. Depending upon the nature of the job, fees can range from Rs. 30,000 to a few lakhs per month.<ref>Nilika Mehrotra (2013), Disability, gender and caste intersections in the Indian economy, in Sharon N. Barnartt, Barbara M. Altman (ed.) Disability and Intersecting Statuses (Research in Social Science and Disability, Volume 7) Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 295 – 324</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
* Das, Goutam. [https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/gig-work-india-contributes-1-in-4-freelancers/story/267601.html "Gig work: India now contributes 1 in 4 freelancers"] (January 9, 2018). ''Business Today''. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

[[Category:Employment in India]]
[[Category:Outsourcing in India]]
[[Category:Economy of India]]
[[Category:Informal economy]]
[[Category:Labour in India]]

Subroto Das (doctor)

2026-03-15T05:02:33Z

Richa7864: put up new pg

{{Short description|Indian medical doctor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Subroto Das
| image = File:Dr. Subroto Das Padma Shri 2017.jpg
| caption = Dr Subroto Das being conferred the Padma Shri Award by the former President of India, Shri Pranab Mukherjee. April, 2017
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1965|01|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation =
| spouse = Sushmita Das
| children = 1
| parents =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2017) [[Reliance Industries]] [[CNN-IBN]] [[Real Heroes Award]] (2008) [[Prince Michael International Road Safety Award]] (2004) Red & White Bravery Gold Awards (now: [[Godfrey Phillips National Bravery Awards]] (2003)
| honours = [[Eisenhower Fellowship]] [[Ashoka (non-profit organization)|Ashoka Fellowship]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.emsindia.in}}
| imagesize =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername = Subrato Das
| yearsactive =
| known for = [[Emergency Medical Services]] [[Highway]] [[Emergency Medical Services|EMS]] [[Emergency Medicine]] [[Occupational Health]]
| alma_mater = {{Plainlist|[[Baroda Medical College]], [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] ([[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]]) [[Tata Institute of Social Sciences]] ([[Postgraduate diploma|PGDip]]) }}
| organisation = {{Plainlist|Lifeline Foundation (Vadodara) Baroda Life Management Medicare Consultancies}}
}}

'''Dr Subroto Das''' is an Indian physician who works in Highway Trauma Care and [[Emergency Medical Services]] (EMS) in South Asia and received the [[Padma Shri]], one of India's civilian awards.<ref>https://padmaawards.gov.in/Padma2017.aspx</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-25 |title=List of Padma awardees 2017 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/List-of-Padma-awardees-2017/article17092476.ece |access-date=2024-12-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Subroto Das {{!}} This doctor extends a Lifeline to highway accident victims |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/ichBzVdGijModIRgwpNRHO/Subroto-Das--This-doctor-extends-a-Lifeline-to-highway-acci.html |work=Mint}}</ref> He co-founded Lifeline Foundation<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-26 |title=Man behind unified helpline number on highway, doctor Subroto Das gets Padma Shri |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/man-behind-unified-helpline-number-on-highway-doctor-subroto-das-gets-padma-shri/523770/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> with his wife, Sushmita, following their survival of an accident in August 1999 on [[National Highway 8 (India, old numbering)|National Highway 8]]. The foundation addresses highway fatalities in India, which number over 150,000 annually. He serves as the [[Chief Executive Officer]] of Lifeline Foundation, [[Vadodara]].

Das received the Asian EMS Lifetime Achievement Award from the Asian EMS Council. According to [[The Times of India]], he is recognized as an EMS expert in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-08 |title=Subroto Das awarded Asian EMS lifetime achievement |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/subroto-das-awarded-asian-ems-lifetime-achievement/articleshow/49707660.cms |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Subroto was born to a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] family in [[Kolkata]], India. His father, Dr. Chitta Ranjan Das, was a Chief Scientist and Glass Technologist with Yera Glass, [[Alembic Group]], in [[Vadodara]] and his mother Maya Das, has been a homemaker. Das grew up in [[Vadodara]] and attended the [[Rosary High School (Vadodara)|Rosary High School]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Dr. Subroto Das conferred Padmashri award |url=https://connectgujarat.com/dr-subroto-das-conferred-padmashri-award/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=connectgujarat.com |language=hi}}</ref>

He graduated with bachelor's in medicine and surgery ([[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]]) from the [[Baroda Medical College]], [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] in 1984. Following this, he did a [[postgraduate diploma]] in [[hospital management]] from the [[Tata Institute of Social Sciences]] in [[Mumbai]].

He married Sushmita in 1991.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}

== Works ==
In August 1999, Subroto and Sushmita had a massive road traffic accident on [[National Highway 8 (India, old numbering)|National Highway 8]] connecting [[Delhi]] to [[Mumbai]]. They sustained multiple injuries and were stranded on the highway without any assistance or medical aid for over four and half hours.

Having survived a major [[road traffic accident]] with delayed bystander intervention and profound trauma, Dr Das and his wife Sushmita established Lifeline Foundation in 2002<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3934177.stm|title=Indian doctor's road safety revolution|date=2 August 2004|via=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> and began integrating available resources and created a network of [[ambulances]], [[Crane (machine)|cranes]], metal cutters, [[hospitals]] and [[blood banks]] across the national and state highways. The foundation established a 24-hour control room for victims or bystanders to call. And in 2002, launched India's first Accident Helpline Services across 263 [[kilometres]] of [[National Highway 8 (India, old numbering)]] between [[Ahmedabad]] and [[Surat]] in the state of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/ichBzVdGijModIRgwpNRHO/Subroto-Das--This-doctor-extends-a-Lifeline-to-highway-acci.html | title=Subroto das | This doctor extends a Lifeline to highway accident victims | work=mint | date=30 August 2007 | last1=Ramanathan | first1=Gayatri }}</ref>

[[File:Highway Rescue Project Accident Helpline Number boards.jpg|thumb|Accident Helpline board on National Expressway 1]]

Das gave a [[TED talk]] about his journey and his work at a [[TED (conference)|TED conference]] organised by the [[Indian Institute of Management Ranchi]] in 2013.

For his services to the field of medicine through his foundation, Das was conferred with the Padma Shri award in 2017 by then President of India, [[Pranab Mukherjee]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards 2017 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/printrelease.aspx?relid=157675 |website=PIB}}</ref>

== Organisational Impact ==
According to an impact assessment study conducted by the [[Tata Institute of Social Sciences]] and [[Axis Bank]] Foundation in 2015, released by then Union [[Minister of State]] for Finance [[Jayant Sinha]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/48447272.cms|title=Lifeline Foundation case study by TISS released|work=The Times of India |date=12 August 2015|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref> Lifeline Foundation developed a highway rescue response model that was among those used in designing [[Emergency medical services|EMS]] services in India. The study noted that the foundation worked on utilizing existing healthcare infrastructure and coordinating with emergency rescue departments. In 2007, [[Gujarat]] became the first state in India to pass [[Emergency Medical Services]] [[legislation]], with Lifeline Foundation participating in the process.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Highway Rescue And Trauma Care |url=https://www.axisbankfoundation.org/download/knowledge-corner/TISS-SIA-HRP-Lifeline-Foundation.pdf |access-date=18 Oct 2025 |website=axisbankfoundation.org}}</ref>

== Writings and editorial work ==
Dr Das authored a book, ''Prepare to Respond'' on the challenges of reconstruction of [[Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on Sri Lanka|Sri Lankan emergency]] and disaster management services post the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|Tsunami]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://issuu.com/icet_bv/docs/prepare_to_respond | title=Prepare to Respond! By ICET - Issuu | work=Issuu | date=7 June 2010 }}</ref>

Das served as Chief Editor of ''EMSIndia''®, a peer reviewed journal on EMS.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jems.com/ems-operations/emergence-of-ems-in-india/ | title=Emergence of EMS in India | date=April 2017 }}</ref> He was also the Founding Editor of the Asian EMS Journal,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.emsasia.org/sectioncontent.php?secid=9 | title=Ems Asia }}</ref> published by the Singapore based Asian Association of EMS.

== In popular culture ==
[[BBC]] featured him in its award winning series "Health Matters"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3934177.stm | title=Indian doctor's road safety revolution | date=2 August 2004 }}</ref>

[[Doordarshan]] featured his work and that of his wife, Sushmita in a documentary in 2009. Doordarshan also featured his work in their program, Aaj Savere in October 2017.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AnnwwwZQUlc | title=Aaj Savere - an interview with - Dr. Subroto das Padmashri | website=[[YouTube]] | date=3 October 2017 }}</ref>

His work has been profiled in [[Sony Television]]’s [[Kaun Banega Crorepati|KBC]] on 27 October 2017.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtuNXL4_-do | title=Witness Dr. Subroto das and Taapsee Pannu on KBC | Kaun Banega Crorepati | website=[[YouTube]] | date=23 March 2023 }}</ref>

He finished Zonal 2nd runners up in [[The Times of India]]’s reality program – [[Lead India]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/lead-india-8-cities-24-leaders-1-shared-dream/articleshow/2444168.cms | title=Lead India: 8 cities, 24 leaders, 1 shared dream | work=The Times of India | date=10 October 2007 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Das, Subroto}}
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine]]
[[Category:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni]]
[[Category:Tata Institute of Social Sciences alumni]]

List of English words of Sanskrit origin

2026-03-14T15:58:48Z

Richa7864: added lead to improve readability and fixed typos

{{Short description|English words from Sanskrit words}}

{{cleanup lang|date=May 2019}}
This is a list of [[English language|English]] words of [[Sanskrit]] origin. Most of these words were not directly borrowed from Sanskrit. The meaning of some words has changed slightly after being borrowed.

Both languages belong to the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] language family and have [[Indo-European vocabulary|numerous cognate]] terms; some examples are "mortal", "mother", "father" and the names of the numbers 1-10. However, this list is strictly of the words which are taken from Sanskrit.
{{compact TOC|top=yes|seealso=yes|extlinks=yes}}

==A==
; [[Ambarella]] : through {{langx|si|ඇඹරැල්ලා}} {{Transliteration|si|æmbarællā}} ultimately from Sanskrit: अम्बरेल्ला, a kind of tree.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Ambarella}}</ref>
; [[Aniline]] : through {{langx|de|Anilin}}, French: Aniline and Portuguese: Anil from Arabic النيل ''al-nili'' and Persian نیلا ''nila'', ultimately from Sanskrit नीली ''nili''.<ref>{{Cite MW|Aniline}}</ref>
; [[Aryan]] : from Sanskrit {{Lang|sa|आर्य}} {{Transliteration|sa|IAST|ārya}}, “which means noble; arya also means health. Noun of Arya is Aryana healthy, noble one” though it originally stems from the [[Proto-Indo-Iranian language|Proto-Indo-Iranian]] [[Endonym and exonym|autonym]] {{Lang|iir-x-proto|*áryas}}''.'' First attested in English in 1839, it was likely coined as a loan from earlier scholars in Europe writing in German and French who in turn borrowed directly from Sanskrit.<ref>{{OEtymD|Aryan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aryan {{!}} Definition, History, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aryan |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=The American heritage dictionary of Indo-European roots |date=2000 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |others=Calvert Watkins |isbn=0-395-98610-9 |edition=2nd |location=Boston |oclc=43836701}}</ref>

; [[Withania somnifera|Ashwagandha]]: from ''ashva'', for "horse", and ''gandha'', for "smell", as the root has an Earthy horse-like musk.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashwagandha Uses, Benefits & Dosage |url=https://www.drugs.com/npp/ashwagandha.html |access-date=2025-12-26 |website=Drugs.com |language=en}}</ref>
; [[Atoll]]: through [[Dhivehi Language|Dhivehi]] : {{Lang|dv|އަތޮޅު|rtl=yes}} possibly from Sanskrit {{Lang|sa|अन्तला}} {{Transliteration|sa|IAST|antalā}}, interior, though there are other theories.
; [[Aubergine]]: via Arabic {{Lang|ar|بَاتِنْجَان|rtl=yes}} {{Transliteration|ar|ISO|bātinjān}} and Persian {{Lang|fa|بادنجان}} bâdenjân ultimately from Sanskrit {{Lang|sa|वातिगगम}} {{Transliteration|sa|IAST|vātigagama}},<ref>{{OEtymD|aubergine}}</ref> meaning [[Eggplant#Etymology and regional names|eggplant or aubergine]].
; [[Avatar]]: from Sanskrit {{Lang|sa|अवतार}} {{Lang|sa|avatāra}}, which means "descent", an avatar refers to the human incarnation of God during times of distress on earth. Thus, [[Krishna]] and [[Rāma]] were both avatars of [[Vishnu]], who also manifested himself as an avatar many other times, ten of which are considered the most significant.<ref>{{OEtymD|Avatar}}</ref>

==B==
; [[Bandana]] : from [[Sanskrit]] बन्धन ''bandhana'', "a bond".
; [[Banyan]] : from Hindi ''baniyaa'' ultimately from Sanskrit वणिज्‌ ''vaṇij'', which means "a merchant".<ref>{{OEtymD|banyan}}</ref>
; [[Basmati]] : Type of long grain rice, highly valued for its smell and texture. Through Hindi बासमती ultimately from Sanskrit वास ''vāsa''.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Basmati rice}}</ref>
; [[Bahuvrihi]] : from Sanskrit बहुव्रीहि ''Bahuvrihi'', a composite word, meaning 'much rice'.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Bahuvrihi}}</ref>
; [[Beedi|Bidi]] : through Hindi बीड़ी ultimately from Sanskrit वितिक ''vitika''.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Bidi}}</ref>
; [[Bhakti]] : from Sanskrit भक्ति "bhakti", portion or more importantly, devotion.
; [[Brinjal]] : from Portuguese ''bringella'' or ''beringela'', from Persian بادنجان ''badingān'', probably from Sanskrit ''vātiṅgaṇa''.<ref>{{Cite MW|Brinjal}}</ref>
; [[Buddha]] : from Sanskrit बुद्ध ''buddha'', which means "awakened, enlightened", refers to Siddhartha Gautama, founder of [[Buddhism]]. Also refers to one who is enlightened in accordance with the teachings of [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]] or a likeness of Buddha.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Buddha}}</ref>

==C==
; [[Candy]] :Middle English candi, crystallized cane sugar, short for sugre-candi, partial translation of Old French sucre candi, ultimately from Arabic sukkar qandī : sukkar, sugar + qandī, consisting of sugar lumps (from qand, lump of crystallized sugar, from an Indic source akin to Pali kaṇḍa-, from Sanskrit खाण्डक ''khaṇḍakaḥ'', from khaṇḍaḥ, piece, fragment, perhaps of Munda origin).<ref>[https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=candy American Heritage Dictionary – Candy]</ref>
; [[Carmine]] and [[Crimson]]: From Arabic word ''Kirmiz'' (evolved in French later), from Sanskrit कृमि ''kṛmi'' meaning "bacteria".
; [[Cashmere wool|Cashmere]] :1680s, "shawl made of cashmere wool", from the old spelling of Kashmir, Himalayan kingdom where wool was obtained from long-haired goats.<ref>{{OEtymD|cashmere}}</ref>
; [[Chakram]] : from Sanskrit चक्रं Cakram, a circular throwing weapon, sharp edged discus. Chakram is derivative of word 'Chakra' which means Spiral or Circle
; [[Cheetah]] : which is from Sanskrit चित्रस ''chitra-s'' "uniquely marked".<ref>{{OEtymD|chit}}</ref>
; [[Chintz]] : from Hindi chint, from Sanskrit chitra-s "clear, bright".<ref>{{OEtymD|chintz}}</ref>
; [[Chukar partridge|Chukar]] : via Hindi चकोर ''cakor'' and Urdu چکور ''chukar'' ultimately from Sanskrit चकोर ''cakorah''.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Chukar}}</ref>
; [[Polo|Chukker]] : from Hindi चक्कर and Urdu چکر''chakkar'', from Sanskrit चक्र ''cakra'', "a circle, a wheel".<ref>{{OEtymD|chukker}}</ref>
; [[Citipati (dinosaur)|Citipati]] : from Sanskrit चिति पति ''citi-pati'', which means "a funeral pyre lord".<ref>{{cite web |title=Citipati |url=http://www.dinosauria.com/dml/names/dinoc.htm |website=Dinosauria.com |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203220223/http://dinosauria.com/dml/names/dinoc.htm |archivedate=2007-02-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
; [[Camp bed|Cot]] : from Hindi खाट ''khaat'' "a couch", which is from Sanskrit खट्वा ''khatva''.<ref>{{OEtymD|cot}}</ref>
; [[Copra]] : from Portuguese copra (16c.), from koppara (cognate with Hindi khopra) "mature coconut usually used for extraction of coconut oil"; related to Hindi khopri "skull", from Sanskrit kharparah "skull".<ref>{{OEtymD|copra}}</ref>
; [[Cowrie]] : from Hindi कौड़ी ''kauri'' and [[Urdu]] کمتدب ''kauri'', from Marathi कवडी ''kavadi,'' which is ultimately from Sanskrit कपर्द ''kaparda.''<ref>{{OEtymD|cowrie}}</ref>
; [[Crimson]] : from [[Old Spanish]] ''cremesin'', via Medieval Latin ''cremesinus'' from Persian قرمز ''qirmiz'' "a kermes", which is ultimately from Sanskrit कृमिज ''krmija'' literally: "red dye produced by a worm".<ref>{{OEtymD|crimson}}</ref>
; [[Crocus]] : from Greek κρόκος ''crocus'', via [[Semitic languages]] (e.g. [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] כרכום ''karkōm'', [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]] ܟܘܪܟܡܐ ''kurkama'', [[Persian language|Persian]] كركم ''kurkum'', which mean saffron or saffron yellow<ref>Babiniotis, ''Leksiko tis neoellinikis glossas''.</ref>); ultimately from Sanskrit कुङ्कुमं ''kunkumam.''<ref>{{OEtymD|crocus}}</ref>

==D==
; [[Dal]] : through Hindi दाल ''dāl'' ultimately from Sanskrit दल ''dala'', meaning cotyledon of a pea pod, a type of Indian food; also refers to [[lentil]]s.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Dahl}}</ref>
; Das : from Sanskrit दास ''daasa'', a slave or servant.<ref>{{Cite MW|Das}}</ref> See also [[Dasa]].
; [[Datura]] : through Latin and Hindi: धतूरा ''dhatūra'' "[[jimson weed]]" ultimately from Sanskrit धत्तूरा ''dhattūrā'', a kind of flowering plant.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Datura}}</ref>
; [[Cedrus deodara|Deodar]] : through Hindi देओदार ''deodār'' ultimately from Sanskrit देवदारु ''devadāru'', a kind of tree.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Deodar}}</ref>
; [[Deva (Hinduism)|Deva]] : from Sanskrit देव ''deva'', which means "a god", akin to Latin ''deus'', "god".<ref>{{OEtymD|Deva}}</ref>
; [[Devi]] : from Sanskrit देवी ''devi'', which means "a goddess".<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Devi}}</ref>
; [[Dharma]] : from Sanskrit: धर्म ''dharma''; akin to Latin: firmus, meaning "conformity to one's duty and nature" and "divine law" also "Religion".<ref>{{Cite MW|Dharma}}</ref>
; [[Dhoti]] : via [[Hindi]] ''dhotī'' (Hindi: धोती) ultimately from Sanskrit ''dhautī'' (Sanskrit: धौती) which means 'to wash', a traditional male garment used in India. Material tied around the waist that covers most of the legs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dhoti |url=http://spokensanskrit.org/index.php?mode=3&script=hk&tran_input=dhoti&direct=au&anz=100 |website=Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit}}</ref>
; [[Dinghy]] : from Hindi दिन्गी ''dingi'' "a tiny boat", probably from Sanskrit द्रोण ''drona''.<ref>{{OEtymD|dinghy}}</ref>
; [[Dvandva]] : is a Sanskrit technical term literally meaning "a pair".<ref>{{Dictionary.com|Dvandva}}</ref>

==G==
; [[Cannabis (drug)|Ganja]] : via Hindi गांजा (''gaanja'' or "hemp"), ultimately from Sanskrit गञ्जा (''gañjā'' or "hemp").<ref>[https://www.wordnik.com/words/ganja American Heritage Dictionary – Ganja]</ref>
; [[Gharry]] : via [[Hindi]] word ''gādī'' (Hindi: गाड़ी) which is ultimately derived from Sanskrit word ''garta'' (Sanskrit: गर्त) which means 'chariot'.<ref>{{cite web |title=Garta |url=http://spokensanskrit.org/index.php?mode=3&script=hk&tran_input=garta&direct=au&anz=100 |website=Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit}}</ref>
; [[Ginger]] : from Old English gingifer, gingiber, from Late Latin gingiber, from Latin zingiberi, from Greek zingiberis, from Prakrit (Middle Indic) singabera, from Sanskrit श्रङ्गवेर ''śrngavera'', from śrnga "horn" + vera- "body", although, it may have derived instead from [[Tamil language|Tamil]] word "Inchi" (இஞ்சி).<ref>{{OEtymD|ginger}}</ref>
; [[Gondwana]] : from two Sanskrit words, ''goṇḍa'' (Devanagari: गोण्ड) which means '[[Gondi people]] or mountaineers' and ''vana'' (Devanagari: वन) which means 'forest'.
; [[Guar]] : through Hindi गार ultimately from Sanskrit गोपाली ''gopālī'', an annual [[legume]].<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Guar}}</ref>
; [[Gunny sack|Gunny]] : via Persian گونی "Gooni" a burlap sack and Hindi गोनी, ultimately from Sanskrit गोणी ''goni'' "sack".<ref>{{OEtymD|gunny}}</ref>
; [[Gurkha]] : via [[Nepali language|Nepalese]] गोर्खा ultimately from Sanskrit गोरक्ष ''goraksa'', "a cowherd".<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Gurkha}}</ref> Gurka derives from népali word Gorkha, followers of Saint Gorakhnath.
; [[Guru]] : via [[Hindi]] गुरु ultimately from Sanskrit गुरु ''guru'', which means "a teacher".<ref>{{OEtymD|Guru}}</ref>

==J==
; [[Jackal]] : from [[Turkish language|Turkish]] ''çakal'', from [[Persian language|Persian]] شغال ''shaghal'', from [[Middle Indic]] ''shagal'', ultimately from Sanskrit शृगाल ''srgala'' "the howler".<ref>{{OEtymD|Jackal}}</ref>
; [[Jaggery]] :via [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ''jágara'', ''jagre'' and [[Malayalam]] ഛക്കര ''chakkara'', ultimately from Sanskrit शर्करा ''śarkarā''.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Jaggery}}</ref>
; [[Java]] : originally a kind of coffee grown on Java and nearby islands of modern Indonesia. By early 20c. it meant coffee generally. The island name is shortened from Sanskrit Yavadvipa "Island of Barley", from yava "barley" + dvipa "island".<ref>{{OEtymD|java}}</ref>
; [[Juggernaut]] : through [[Odia language|Odia]] ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ ''[[Jagannath]]a'' ultimately from Sanskrit जगन्नाथ ''jagat-natha-s'', which means "lord of the world".<ref>{{OEtymD|Juggernaut}}</ref>
; [[Jungle]] : through [[Hindi]] जंगल ''jangal'' "a desert, forest"; also Persian جنگل jangal meaning forest; ultimately from Sanskrit जङ्गल ''jangala'', which means "arid".<ref>{{OEtymD|jungle}}</ref>
; [[Jute]] : from Sanskrit जुत ''juta-s'', which means "twisted hair".<ref>{{OEtymD|Jute}}</ref>

==K==
:[[Karma]]
::from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|कर्मन्}}(''karman''); which means "action".<ref>{{OEtymD|Karma}}</ref>
:[[Kedgeree]]
::probably from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|कृशर}}(''krśara'').<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Kedgeree}}</ref>
:[[Kermes (dye)|Kermes]]
::via French {{lang|fr|Kermès}} and Persian {{lang|or|قرمز}}(''qermez''); perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|कृमिज}}(''kṛmija''); meaning "worm-made".<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Kermes}}</ref>

==L==
; [[Lac (resin)|Lac]] : through Urdu ''لاکھ'', Persian ''لاک'' and Hindi ''लाख'' ''lakh'' from Prakrit लक्ख ''lakkha'', ultimately from Sanskrit लाक्षा ''lākṣā, meaning lac''.<ref>{{OEtymD|lac}}</ref>
; [[Lacquer]] : through French: Laque and Portuguese: Laca from Arabic لك ''lakk'',लाख in Hindi, via Prakrit ultimately from Sanskrit लक्ष ''lakṣa''.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Lacquer}}</ref>
; [[Langur]] : through Hindi लुट ''lut'' probably ultimately from Sanskrit लङ्गूल ''langūla''.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Langur}}</ref>
; [[Lilac]] : via Arabic للك ''lilak'' from Persian نیلک ''nilak'' meaning "bluish", ultimately from Sanskrit नील ''nila'', which means "dark blue".<ref>{{Cite MW|Lilac}}</ref>
; [[Looting|Loot]] : ultimately from Sanskrit लुण्टा ''luṇṭā'' or लुण्ठति ''luṇṭhati'' meaning "he steals" through Hindi लूट ''lūṭ'', which means "a booty, stolen thing".<ref>{{OEtymD|loot}}</ref>

==M==
; [[Maharajah]] : through Hindi महाराजा ultimately from Sanskrit महाराजा ''mahā-rājā'', which means "a great king".<ref>{{OEtymD|Maharajah}}</ref>
; [[Maharani]] : through Hindi महारानी finally from Sanskrit महाराज्ञी ''mahārājnī'', which means "consort of a [[maharajah]]".<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Maharani}}</ref>
; [[Maharishi]] : from Sanskrit महर्षि ''maha-rishi'', which means "a great sage".<ref>{{OEtymD|maharishi}}</ref>
; [[Mahatma]] : from Sanskrit महात्मा ''mahatma'', which means "a great breath, soul".<ref>{{OEtymD|mahatma}}</ref>
; [[Mahayana]] : from Sanskrit महायान ''maha-yana'', which means "a great vehicle".<ref>{{OEtymD|Mahayana}}</ref>
; [[Mahout]] : via Hindi माहुत (variant of महावत) ultimately from Sanskrit महामात्रः ''mahāmātrah''.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Mahout}}</ref>
; [[Mandala]] : from Sanskrit मण्डल ''mandala'', which means "a disc, circle".<ref>{{OEtymD|Mandala}}</ref>
; [[Mandarin (bureaucrat)|Mandarin]] : via [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ''mandarim'', [[Dutch language|Dutch]] ''mandarijn'', [[Malay language|Malay]] ''mantri'' or ''menteri'', and Hindi मंत्री ''mantri'' "a councillor" ultimately from Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् ''[[mantri]]'', which means "an advisor".<ref>{{OEtymD|Mandarin}}</ref>
; [[Mantra]] : from Sanskrit मन्त्र ''mantra-s'' which means "a holy message or text".<ref>{{OEtymD|Mantra}}</ref>
; [[Maya (illusion)|Maya]] : from Sanskrit माया ''māyā'', a religious term related with illusion.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Maya}}]</ref>
; [[Moksha]] : from Sanskrit मोक्ष ''moksha'', liberation from the cycle of death and [[Reincarnation|rebirth]].<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/moksha Dictionary.com – Moksha]</ref>
; [[Mugger crocodile|Mugger]] : via Hindi मगर and Urdu مگر ''magar'' ultimately from Sanskrit मकर ''makara'' ("sea creature"), like a crocodile, which attacks stealthily.<ref>{{Cite MW|Mugger}}</ref>
; [[Mung bean]] : through Hindi मुग ''mū̃g'' and [[Pali]]/[[Prakrit]] मुग्ग ''mugga'' ultimately from Sanskrit मुद्ग ''mudga'', a kind of bean.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Mung bean}}</ref>
; [[Musk]] : via [[Middle English]] muske, [[Middle French]] Musc, [[Late Latin]] Muscus and [[Late Greek]] μόσχος ''moskhos'' from Persian موشک ''mushk'', ultimately from Sanskrit मुस्क ''muska'' meaning "a testicle", from a diminutive of मुस ''mus'' ("mouse").<ref>{{OEtymD|musk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite MW|Musk| accessdate=2007-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | first = Pierre |last = Chantraine | title = Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque | publisher = Klincksieck |year= 1990 | page = 715 | isbn = 2-252-03277-4}}</ref>
; [[Mynah]] : through Hindi मैना ''maina'' ultimately from Sanskrit मदन ''madana-s'', which means "love".<ref>{{OEtymD|mynah}}</ref>

==N==
; [[Nainsook]] :through Hindi नैनसुख ''nainsukh'' ultimately from Sanskrit नयनसुख ''nayana-sukha'', meaning "pleasing to the eyes".<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Nainsook}}</ref>
; [[Spikenard|Nard]] : through Old French ''narde'' and Latin ''nardus'' from Greek νάρδος ''nardos'', perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit नलद ''nalada''.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Nard}}</ref>
; [[Narghile]] : through French ''Narguilé'' and Persian نارگيله ''nārghīleh'' ultimately from Sanskrit नारिकेल ''nārikela''.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Narghile}}</ref>
; [[wikt:nark|Nark]] : probably from [[Romani language|Romany]] ''nak'' "a nose", via Hindi नाक ''nak'' ultimately from Sanskrit नक्र‌ ''nakra''.<ref>{{OEtymD|nark}}</ref>
; [[Neem]] : through Hindi नीम ''nīm'' ultimately from Sanskrit निम्ब ''nimba'', a kind of tree.<ref name="American Heritage Dictionary – Neem">{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Neem}}</ref>
; [[Nilgai]] : through Hindi नीलगाय ''nīlgāy'' lit., blue cow ultimately from Sanskrit नीलगौ ''nīla-gau'', an [[ox]]-like animal.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Nilgai}}</ref>
; [[Nirvana]] : from Sanskrit निर्वाण ''nirvāṇa'' which means "ascendance, higher state of being, transcendence, state of bliss" literally means "extinction, disappearance".<ref>{{OEtymD|nirvana}}</ref>

==O==
; [[Opal]] : through French ''opalle'' from Latin ''opalus'' from Greek ὀπάλλιος ''opallios'', probably ultimately from Sanskrit उपल ''upala''.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Opal}}</ref>
; [[Orange (word)|Orange]] : through [[Old French]] ''orenge'', [[Medieval Latin]] ''orenge'' and [[Italian language|Italian]] ''arancia'' from Arabic نارنج ''naranj'', via Persian نارنگ ''narang'' and Sanskrit नारङ्ग ''naranga-s'' meaning "an orange tree", derived from proto-Dravidian.<ref>{{OEtymD|orange}}</ref>

==P==
; [[wikt:pal#Noun|Pal]] : 1788, from Romany (English Gypsy) pal "brother, comrade", variant of continental Romany ''pral'', ''plal'', ''phral'', probably from Sanskrit bhrata "brother"<ref>{{OEtymD|pal}}</ref>
; [[Palanquin]] : via [[Odia language|Odia]] word ''pālankī'' (Odia:ପାଲଙ୍କି) which is ultimately derived from Sanskrit पल्यङ्क ''palyanka'' which means 'bed' or 'couch'.
; [[Parcheesi]] : 1800, from Hindi pachisi, from pachis "twenty-five" (highest throw of the dice), from Sanskrit ''panca'' "five"<ref>{{OEtymD|parcheesi}}</ref>
; [[Indian long pepper|Pepper]] : Old English ''pipor'', from an early West Germanic borrowing of Latin ''piper'' "pepper", from Greek ''piperi'', probably (via Persian) from Middle Indic ''pippari'', from Sanskrit ''pippali'' "long pepper".<ref>{{OEtymD|pepper}}</ref>
; [[Pandit]] : via Sanskrit पण्डित ''paṇḍita'', meaning "learned one or maestro". Modern Interpretation is a person who offers to mass media their opinion or commentary on a particular subject area.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141129133253/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/pundit?searchDictCode=all Oxford Dictionary – Pundit]</ref>

==R==
; [[Raita (condiment)|Raita]] : ultimately from Sanskrit राजिका ''rājikā'' via Hindi रायता ''rāytā'', a south Asian condiment and side dish made of yogurt and vegetables.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Raita}}</ref>
; [[wikt:Raj|Raj]] : through Hindi राज and [[Pali]]/[[Prakrit]] रज्ज ''rajja'' ultimately from Sanskrit राज्य ''rājya'', which means "a king" or "kingdom". Raj means kingdom or domain of a ruler.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Raj}}</ref>
; [[Raja]]h : through Hindi राज from Sanskrit राजन् ''rājān'', which means "a king".<ref>{{OEtymD|Rajah}}</ref>
; [[Ramtil oil|Ramtil]] : through Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit रामतिल ''rāmatila'', which means "a dark sesame".<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Ramtil}}</ref>
; [[wikt:Rani|Rani]] : through Hindi रानी ultimately from Sanskrit राज्ञी ''rājnī'', a queen, a consort of a [[raja]]h.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Rani}}</ref>
; [[Rice]] : via Old French ''ris'' and Italian ''riso'' from Latin ''oriza'', which is from Greek ὄρυζα ''oryza'', through an Indo-Iranian tongue finally from Sanskrit व्रीहि ''vrihi'' "rice", ultimately derived from proto-Dravidian ''arisi''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=rice |title = rice {{!}} Etymology, origin and meaning of rice by etymonline}}</ref>
; [[Rupee]] : through Hindi रुपया ''rupiyā'' ultimately from Sanskrit रूप्यक ''rūpyaka'', an Indian silver coin.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Rupee}}</ref>

==S==
; [[Saccharide (disambiguation)|Saccharide]] : via Latin Saccharon and Greek σάκχαρον from Pali सक्खर ''sakkharā'', ultimately from Sanskrit शर्करा ''sarkarā''.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Saccharo}}</ref>
; [[Sambal]] : through [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]], [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] and Tamil சம்பல் ''campāl'' ultimately from Sanskrit सम्बार ''sambhārei''.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Sambal}}</ref>
; [[Sambar Deer|Sambar]] : through Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit शंबरः ''śambarah'', a kind of [[Asia]]n [[deer]].<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Sambar}}</ref>
; [[Sandalwood]] : via [[Middle English]] ''sandell,'' [[Old French]] ''sandale,'' [[Medieval Latin]] ''sandalum,'' [[Medieval Greek]] σανδάλιον ''sandalion'' (diminutive of σάνδαλον ''sandalon'') and Arabic and Persian صندل; ultimately from Sanskrit चन्दन ''candana'' meaning "wood for burning incense".<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Sandal}}</ref>
; [[Sapphire]] : via [[Old French]] ''saphir,'' [[Latin]] ''sapphirus'' and [[Greek language|Greek]] σάπφειρος ''sappheiros'' from a [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] tongue (cf. [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]: ספיר sapir); possibly the ultimate origin is Sanskrit शनिप्रिय ''sanipriya'' which literally means "sacred to [[Saturn (mythology)|Saturn]] ([[Shani]])".<ref>{{OEtymD|sapphire}}</ref>
; [[Sari]] : through Hindi साड़ी sari and [[Prakrit]] सदि ''sadi'', finally from Sanskrit सति ''sati'' "garment".<ref>{{Cite MW|Sari}}</ref>
; [[Shampoo]] : via [[Anglo-Indian]] ''shampoo'' and Hindi चाँपो ''champo'' from Sanskrit चपयति ''capayati'', which means "kneads".<ref>{{OEtymD|shampoo}}</ref>
; [[Shawl]] : from Persian شال ''shal'', finally from Sanskrit शाटी ''śāṭī'', which means "a strip of cloth".<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Shawl}}</ref>
; [[Singapore]] : via Malay ''Singapura'' ultimately from Sanskrit सिंहपुर ''simhapura'', literally "the lion city".<ref>{{OEtymD|Singapore}}</ref>
; [[Sri Lanka]] : from Sanskrit: श्री लंका which means "venerable island". It is said that Shree or Lakshmi, the Goddess of wealth, resides there.
; [[Sugar]] : through Old French ''sucre,'' [[Italian language|Italian]] ''zucchero,'' Medieval Latin ''succarum'', Arabic: سكر ''sukkar'' and Persian: شکر ''shakar'' ultimately from Sanskrit शर्करा ''śarkara'' which means "ground or candied sugar" (originally "grit" or "gravel").<ref>{{OEtymD|sugar}}</ref>
; [[Crotalaria juncea|Sunn]] : via Hindi: सुन्न ultimately from Sanskrit: सन ''sāna'', a kind of Asian plant.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Sunn}}</ref>
; [[Swami]] : through Hindi स्वामी ''swami'' ultimately from Sanskrit स्वामी ''svami'', which means "a master".<ref>{{OEtymD|swami}}</ref>
; [[Swastika]] : from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक ''svastika'', a religious symbol associated rituals and divination. Swastika means "one associated with well-being, a lucky charm".<ref>{{OEtymD|Swastika}}</ref>

==T==
; [[Taka]] : via [[Maithili language|Maithili]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]] : টাকা from Sanskrit टङ्क ''tanka''.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|taka}}</ref>
; [[Talipot palm|Talipot]] : through Hindi, Indonesian and Malay ''talipat'' from Sanskrit तालपत्र ''tālapatra'', a kind of [[palm (plant)|palm]].<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Talipot}}</ref>
; [[Water tank|Tank]] : a word originally brought by the Portuguese from India, from a Hindi source, such as Gujarati ''tankh'' "cistern, underground reservoir for water", Marathi ''tanken'', or tanka "reservoir of water, tank". Perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit ''tadaga'' "pond, lake pool", and reinforced in later sense of "large artificial container for liquid".<ref>{{OEtymD|tank}}</ref>
; [[Diospyros melanoxylon|Tendu]] : via Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit तैन्दुक ''tainduka''.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Tendu}}</ref>
; [[Teapoy]] : via [[Hindi]] तिपाई ''tipāi'' and [[Urdu]] تپائي ''tipāʼī,''which originated as a Sanskrit compound: त्रि (trí, "three") and पाद (pā́da, "foot").<ref>{{Cite MW|Teapoy}}</ref>
; [[wikt:thug|Thug]] : through [[Marathi language|Marathi]] ठग ''thag'' probably ultimately from Sanskrit स्थग ''sthaga'', which means "a scoundrel".<ref>{{OEtymD|thug}}</ref>
; [[Ocotea foetens|Til]] : from Sanskrit तिलः ''tilah'', a kind of plant.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Til}}</ref>
; [[Palm wine|Toddy]] : through Hindi तरी ''tari'' ultimately from Sanskrit तल ''tala-s'', a Dravidian origin is also probable.<ref>{{OEtymD|toddy}}</ref>
; [[Toona|Toon]] : through Hindi तुन ''tūn'' ultimately from Sanskrit तुन्न ''tunna'', a kind of tree.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Toon}}</ref>
; [[wikt:tope|Tope]] : through Hindi टॉप ''ṭop'' probably from Prakrit थुपो ''thūpo'', finally from Sanskrit स्तूप ''stūpa''.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Tussah}}</ref>
; [[Tutty]] : through Middle English ''tutie,'' Old French, Medieval Latin ''tūtia,'' Arabic توتي ''tūtiyā,'' and Persian توتیا ultimately from Sanskrit तुत्थ ''tuttha'' meaning "blue vitriol", a Dravidian origin is also probable.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Tutty}}</ref>

==V==
:[[Veena|Vina]]
::ultimately from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|वीणा}}(''vīṇā'') through Hindi {{lang|hi|वीणा}}(''vīṇā''); referring to a kind of musical instrument.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Vina}}</ref>

==W==
:[[Wanderoo]]
::through {{lang|si|වන්ඩෙරූ}} ({{Transliteration|si|vanḍerū}}) finally from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|वानर}}(''vānara''), meaning a kind of monkey.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Wanderoo}}</ref>

==Y==
:[[Yoga]]
::through Sanskrit {{lang|sa|योग}}(''yoga-s''), which means "yoke, union".<ref>{{OEtymD|Yoga}}</ref>
:[[Yogi]]
::through [[Hindi]] {{lang|hi|योगी}}(''yogi'') from Sanskrit {{lang|sa|योगी}}(''yogi''); meaning one who practices yoga or [[ascetic]].<ref>{{OEtymD|Yogi}}</ref>

==Z==
:[[Zen]]
::through [[Japanese language|Japanese]] 禅 and [[Chinese language|Chinese]] 禪 ''Chán'' ultimately from Pali {{lang|hi|झान}}(''[[jhāna]]'') and Sanskrit {{lang|sa|ध्यान}} (''[[Dhyāna in Buddhism|dhyana]]''), which means "a meditation".<ref>{{OEtymD|Zen}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Greater India]]
* [[Hobson-Jobson]]
* [[Indianization]]
* [[Indo-European vocabulary]]
* [[Indian English]]
* [[List of Hindu deities]]
* [[Lists of English words by country or language of origin]]
* [[Sanskritization]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/d/sanskrit Sanskrit] in Freedictionary.com
*[http://learnsanskrit.cc Sanskrit] Dictionary containing terms of modern Spoken Sanskrit

{{English words of foreign origin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of English Words Of Sanskrit Origin}}
[[Category:Lists of English words of foreign origin|Sanskrit]]
[[Category:Lists of English words of Indian origin|Sanskrit]]

[[da:Danske ords etymologi]]

Animation industry in India

2026-03-12T09:17:38Z

Richa7864: entry

{{Short description|Separated field for animation films}}
{{cleanup rewrite|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox animation list by country}}
The '''Indian Animation Industry''' encompasses [[Traditional animation|traditional 2D animation]], [[3D animation]] and [[visual effects]] for feature films.<ref name="nasscom.org">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090126231537/http://www.nasscom.org/download/animation_fact.pdf Animation Fact]. [[NASSCOM]].</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgkTwH5c_fY|title=Clair Weeks- Pioneer of Indian Animation|website=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.telugufirst.com/2013/10/26/hyderabad-a-global-hub-for-animation-and-gaming |title=Hyderabad a global hub for animation and gaming |access-date=2013-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200446/http://www.telugufirst.com/2013/10/26/hyderabad-a-global-hub-for-animation-and-gaming |archive-date=2013-10-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In 1956, [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Disney Studios]] animator Clair Weeks, who had worked on ''[[Bambi]]'', was invited to [[Films Division of India]] in Mumbai to establish and train the country's first [[animation]] studio as part of the American technical co-operation mission.<ref>{{cite news |title=Clair Weeks; Longtime Disney Animator |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-09-05-mn-40834-story.html |access-date=20 January 2020 |agency=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> He trained a core group of Indian animators, whose first production was a film called ''The Banyan Deer'' (1957). Veteran animator [[Ram Mohan]] started his career at Films Division's Cartoon Unit.

Another landmark animated film from Films Division is ''[[Ek Anek Aur Ekta]]'', a short [[Traditional animation|traditionally animated]] educational film released in 1974.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0156504/|title=Ek Anek Aur Ekta|date=11 October 1974|website=IMDb}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hamaraforums.com/lofiversion/index.php/t132.html |title=Board Message |publisher=Hamaraforums.com |access-date=2010-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717040806/http://www.hamaraforums.com/lofiversion/index.php/t132.html |archive-date=2011-07-17}}</ref> The film is presented as a fable meant to teach children the value of unity, and was frequently broadcast on [[India]]'s state-run television station, [[Doordarshan]]. The first Indian animated television series was ''[[Ghayab Aaya]]'', which aired in 1986 and was directed by [[Suddhasattwa Basu]]. The first Indian 3D and [[VFX]] were done for the television series ''[[Captain Vyom]]'' by animation.

The first Indian 3D animated film was ''[[Roadside Romeo]]'', a joint venture between [[Yash Raj Films]] and the [[The Walt Disney Company India|Indian division of the Walt Disney Company]]. It was written and directed by [[Jugal Hansraj]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.disney.in/movies/roadsideromeo/home.html |title=Official Website: Roadside Romeo |publisher=Disney.in |date=2008-10-24 |access-date=2010-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216091551/http://www.disney.in/movies/roadsideromeo/home.html |archive-date=2010-12-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==History==
{{Main|History of animation in India}}
The history of animation in India can be traced to the early 20th century. Precursors to modern animation such as shadow puppets and slide shows entertained audiences before the advent of the cinema. Pioneers such as Dadasaheb Phalke, Gunamoy Banerjee, K.S. Gupte and G.K. Ghokle kept the tradition of animation alive during the first half of the 20th century. Such individuals were usually self-taught and were inspired by foreign cartoons.

===Pre-Independence===
Even before the birth of animation, [[Shadow play|shadow-puppet traditions]] used images to tell stories. A notable example is ''[[tholu bommalata]]'' ("the dance of the leather puppets") from the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://aptdc.gov.in/blog/tholu-bommalata/|title=Tholu Bommalata|website=aptdc.gov.in|publisher=Andhra Pradesh tourism|access-date=30 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027163058/http://aptdc.gov.in/blog/tholu-bommalata/|archive-date=27 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The puppets used were large, had multiple joints, and were coloured on both sides. This meant that coloured shadows were projected onto the screen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ccrtindia.gov.in/puppetforms.php|title=Puppet Forms|website=ccrtindia.gov.in|publisher=Centre for Cultural Resources and Training|access-date=30 October 2016|quote="The puppets are large in size and have jointed waist, shoulders, elbows and knees. They are coloured on both sides. Hence, these puppets throw coloured shadows on the screen."}}</ref> Performances were accompanied by music. Folk tales and various epics such as the [[Mahabharata]] and [[Ramayana]] were dramatized.<ref name=":0" />

The ''Shambharik Kharolika'' was another means of entertainment that pre-dated the age of cinema.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dsource.in/resource/story-indian-animation/long-ago|title=Long Ago|last=Prof. Tenali|first=Phani|last2=Agarwal|first2=Swati|website=dsource.in|series=The Story of Indian Animation|publisher=D'source|access-date=30 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110200758/http://www.dsource.in/resource/story-indian-animation/long-ago|archive-date=10 November 2016}}</ref> A series of hand-painted glass slides were projected using an apparatus called the "magic lantern". Mahadeo Gopal Patwardhan and his sons were responsible for popularising the medium across parts of India in the late 19th century. Patwardhan initially took it up as a hobby after being inspired by his friend Madan Madhav Rao Vitale, who was an engineer.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-life/once-upon-a-magic-lantern/article1086808.ece|title=Once Upon a Magic Lantern|last=Torcato|first=Ronita|date=25 December 2009|website=www.thehindubusinessline.com|publisher=Business Line, The Hindu|access-date=30 October 2016}}</ref> Eventually, elements such as dialogue, narration, lyrics and background music were added.<ref name=":1" /> The first public show was held on 20 February 1892 in Kalyan, Mumbai. The first grand tour ended on 27 December 1895 at the 11th session of the [[Indian National Congress]] in Pune. The slides depicted various tales from the Ramayana, Sita Swayamvar, Mahabharata, Sati Anasuya, Raja Harishchandra, Shekhar Dashratha, and the circus. The circus slides were sponsored by the proprietors of the Chhatre's Grand Circus. Works by painters [[Raja Ravi Varma|Raja Ravi Verma]] and Madhavrao Dhurandhar were also recreated.<ref name=":2" />

It is said that Raja Harishchandra's story in the form of an animated slide show was an influence behind prolific filmmaker [[Dadasaheb Phalke|Dadasaheb Phalke's]] first movie ''[[Raja Harishchandra]]'',<ref name=":2" /> produced in 1913.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.culturopedia.com/Cinema/silentera.html|title=Silent Films of India|website=www.culturopedia.com|series=Indian Cinema|publisher=Culturopedia|access-date=30 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023213153/http://www.culturopedia.com/Cinema/silentera.html|archive-date=23 October 2016}}</ref> ''Raja Harishchandra'' is notable for being India's first indigenous silent feature film.<ref name=":3" />

Often referred to as the father of Indian cinema,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dadasaheb-Phalke|title=Dadasaheb Phalke|last=The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica|website=britannica.com|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=30 October 2016}}</ref> Phalke dabbled in animation as well. His 1912 short ''The Growth of a Pea Plant'' introduced the concept of time-lapse photography,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/animationworld/indias-growing-might|title=India's Growing Might|last=Sen|first=Jayanti|date=1 October 1999|website=awn.com|publisher=Animation World Network|access-date=30 October 2016|quote="Finally, after a lot of effort and struggle, he did make his first film, The Growth Of A Pea Plant, and again it was using stop-motion, i.e. time-lapse photography. So, did anyone realize that 1912 officially marked the beginning of Indian animation using the animation technique of time-lapse photography?"}}</ref> with one frame shot per day.<ref name=":1" /> In 1915 he produced the animated short ''Agkadyanchi Mouj'' (''Matchsticks' Fun'').<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/mag/issue3.5/3.5pages/3.5lent.html|title=Ram Mohan and RM-USL: India's Change Agents of Animation|last=Dr. Lent|first=John A.|date=August 1998|website=awn.com|publisher=Animation World Magazine, Animation World Network|access-date=30 October 2016|quote="In 1915, the father of Indian cinema, Dhumdiraj Govind Phalke, produced the animated Agkadyanchi Mouj (Matchsticks' Fun), followed by Laxmicha Galicha (animated coins), and Vichitra Shilpa (again, inanimate animation). Because the war in Europe had slowed imports, including film, Phalke was forced into making shorter works than features, so he resorted to cartoons and documentaries."}}</ref> He had probably been inspired by [[Émile Cohl]]’s matchstick film.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Animation Writing and Development|last=Wright|first=Jean Ann|publisher=Focal Press|year=2013|isbn=9781136144059|chapter=Chapter 2: The History of Animation|quote="Early in the twentieth century Dhundiraj Govind “Dadasaheb” Phalke made the first animated film in India, Agkadyanchi Mouj. He had probably seen Emile Cohl’s matchstick film."|via=safaribooksonline.com}}</ref> This was followed by ''Laxmicha Galicha'' (animated coins), and ''Vichitra Shilpa'' (inanimate animation). Phalke was forced into making shorter works such as cartoons and documentaries since the [[World War I|war in Europe]] had slowed imports, including film.<ref name=":5" /> Unfortunately, animated works such as ''Agkadyanchi Mouj'' and ''Vichitra Shilpa'' have not survived the ravages of time. However, Phalke’s craftsmanship can still be seen in the title sequence of his last silent film, ''Setu Bandhan'', made in 1932.<ref name="glimpses">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sv5-YYesbUk "Glimpses of Indian Animation"], directed by R. Swamy, Films Division of India, 1997. Accessed on 17 October 2016.
May have originally been titled "The Complete History of Indian Animation".
</ref>

In 1934, the first Indian animated film with a soundtrack, ''On a Moonlit Night'', was released.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/mag/issue3.5/3.5pages/3.5lent.html|title=Ram Mohan and RM-USL: India's Change Agents of Animation|last=Dr.Lent|first=John A.|date=August 1998|website=awn.com|publisher=Animation World Magazine (issue 3.5), Animation World Network|access-date=30 October 2016|quote="The first Indian animated film with a soundtrack, On a Moonlit Night, was released in 1934, and credited to composer and orchestra leader R.C. Boral."}}</ref> The film is often credited to composer and orchestra leader [[Raichand Boral|R.C. Boral]], but this attribution may be erroneous.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/animationworld/neglected-queen-indian-animation|title=The Neglected Queen of Indian Animation|last=Sen|first=Jayanti|date=1 October 1999|website=awn.com|publisher=Animation World Network|access-date=30 October 2016}}</ref>

''The Pea Brothers'', directed by Gunamoy Banerjee and produced by New Theatres Limited, was released in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] on 23 June 1934, making it the first Indian animated work to be released in theatres.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /> The film was between 3 and 4 minutes long and used drawn black and white images. The plot consists of a pea-pod that opens up to release 5 peas, and from these peas emerge five small toy-like figures that play with one another. The film was basically an experimental attempt and hence lacked a proper storyline. It resembled the tradition of [[Disney]] and other foreign animators, whose films were released quite often in Calcutta.<ref name=":6" />

Pune-based [[Prabhat Film Company]]'s ''Jambu Kaka'' was released in [[Mumbai|Bombay]] on 15 November 1934.<ref name=":1" /> The short features a jackal and was animated by Raghunath K. Kelkar.<ref name="glimpses"/> Around the same time, K.S. Gupte and G.K. Gokhle were teaching themselves animation by watching American cartoons. Their first experiment in animation was called ''Shikaar'' ("The Hunt").<ref name=":1" />

Other shorts from the period include ''Bakam Bhatt'' by Kolapur Cinetoons, ''Lafanga Langoor'' (1935) by Mohan Bhavani, ''Superman's Myth'' (1939) by G.K. Ghokhle, and ''Akash Pataal'' (1939) by Mandar Malik.<ref name=":1" />

The shortage of raw film stock due to the [[World War II|Second World War]] may have caused filmmakers to choose animation as a medium.<ref name=":1" />

=== Modern day ===
{{see also|List of Indian animated television series}}

From the early 2000s into the 2010s, many Indian cartoon channels started producing their own animated shows instead of completely being dependent on American and Japanese animated shows.

For example, the Indian-produced series [[Chhota Bheem]] is not only famous in India but is also aired in [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Pakistan]].

== Awards and festivals ==
Awards and conventions for the Indian animation industry include:

* [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Animation Film]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Animated Film]]
* [[Animation Masters Summit]], Toonz India Ltd, [[Trivandrum]]
* 24FPS Animation Awards, organized by Maya Academy of Advanced Cinematics (MAAC)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maacindia.com/images/press/TOI%20-%20Pg%2010%20-%20%5BCc%2060%5D%20Indian%20visual%20effects%20artists%20see%20light%20of%20recognition.jpg |title=Times Of India coverage of 24FPS |access-date=2010-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106134505/http://www.maacindia.com/images/press/TOI%20-%20Pg%2010%20-%20%5BCc%2060%5D%20Indian%20visual%20effects%20artists%20see%20light%20of%20recognition.jpg |archive-date=2011-01-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* TASI Viewers Choice Awards (TVCA)
* Anifest India
* Annual Graphics and Animation Film Awards (AGAFA) from the Society for Animation in Delhi (SAID) [Not Functioning Anymore]
* Orbit Live and Kalakari, organised by Arena Animation<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiaeducationdiary.in/Shownews.asp?newsid=37414/|title=Arena Orbit Live 2016 delves deep into the art of storytelling|publisher=India Education Diary.com|access-date=2016-01-28}}{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* Flying Elephant Trophies<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2016/may/09/animation-masters-summit-concludes-934400.html|title=Animation Masters Summit Concludes|date=9 May 2016|website=The New Indian Express|publisher=Express Publications|access-date=10 November 2022}}</ref>

== Societies and organizations ==
[[Confederation of Indian Industry]] (CII) framed [https://www.cii.in/PressreleasesDetail.aspx?enc=lS3FqffKRza842rgIVgthUS4Hxu4IkAuRHSXibcXbPY= The National AVGC Policy] to help Transform Indian M&E to a USD 100 billion Industry.

The Animation Society of India (TASI) is a non-profit organization with its head office in Mumbai. It hosts Anifest India, the biggest annual animation festival in the Indian subcontinent.

ASIFA (Association Internationale du Film d’Animation) is UNESCO supported nonprofit organization doing CG Meet up & International Animation day celebrations each year.

The ABAI (Association of Bangalore Animation Industry), with its head office in Bangalore, focuses on the AVGC markets (Animation, Visual Effects, Gaming and Comics).<ref>[http://www.abai.in ABAI's official website]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatechonline.com/it-happened-in-india.php?id=692|title=Karnataka, first Indian state to announce special policy, incentives, for animation and gaming industry}}</ref>

The Society for Animation in Delhi (SAID) is a non-profit body for animation and related arts. It has now been closed.

Media & Entertainment Association of India (MEAI) is an active body promoting the Indian AVGC industry. MEAI is also noticeable for high-powered delegations to international markets and festivals.

MESC, Media & Entertainment Skills Council by FICCI is working with NSDC to promote Indian animation, VFX, and other skills.
<ref>[http://www.meai.in MEAI's official website]</ref>

== Industry ==
The Indian animation industry is being tapped largely by North American film and television producers. There are many reasons behind this increasing demand for Indian studios worldwide. The North American and European countries, from the beginning, show immense readiness to outsource their animation content to companies based in the Asian and Pacific Rim countries. The bulk of the animation in the earlier years included 2D animation content, along with 3D content. But now, the scenario has changed a lot.
When compared to the past, the Indian animation industry has gained its foothold in the international space by investing more in technology, moulding eminent artists and developing better infrastructure in film-making. Currently, there are numerous animation studios, VFX, game development, and film-making institutes providing several high-end educational programmes all over India. Students are also interested in overseas education because of the increasing opportunities and decent pay scale.<ref>[https://www.insightssuccess.in/growth-of-3d-animation-in-india/ Growth of 3D Animation in India]</ref>

Japanese animation and production houses have expressed their interest in an alliance in India for the co-production of animated content.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animationxpress.com/latest-news/japan-is-scouting-for-partners-on-indian-shores/|title=Japan is scouting for partners on Indian shores|last=Iyer|first=Sidharth|date=10 March 2015|website=animationxpress.com|publisher=AnimationXpress|access-date=10 November 2022}}</ref>

[[Mumbai]], [[Chennai]], [[Trivandrum]], [[Pune]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Kolkata]] and [[Bangalore]] are major hubs for animation studios in the country.

== List of noted Indian animated films ==
{{Main|List of Indian animated films}}
Since ''The Banyan Deer'' was released in 1957, over 130 animated movies have been produced in India.

==Animated series produced in India==
{{Main|List of Indian animated television series}}

== See also ==
{{portal|Animation|India}}

* [[Animation industry]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
[https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-educationplus/VFX-course-from-Pixelloid-Computers/article15696611.ece VFX course from Pixelloid Computers]

{{Indian animation industry}}
{{Animation}}

[[Category:Indian animation]]
[[Category:Indian animation studios]]
[[Category:Animation industry]]
[[Category:Industries of India]]

Prakash Chandra Sethi

2026-03-08T21:17:41Z

Richa7864: cleanup

{{Short description|8th Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{confused|Prakash Chandra Sethi (Odisha politician)}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Prakash Chandra Sethi
| image = Prakash Chandra Sethi Lok Sabha photo.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1919|10|19}}
| birth_place = [[Jhalrapatan]], [[Jhalawar State]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1996|02|21|1919|10|19|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Indore]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], India<ref>{{cite journal |date=26 February 1996 |title=Obituary References |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/3338/1/lsd_10_16_26-02-1996.pdf|journal=Lok Sabha Debates (Tenth Series) |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=11}}</ref>
| office = [[Minister of Home Affairs]]
| term_start = 2 September 1982
| term_end = 19 July 1984
| predecessor = [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|R. Venkataraman]]
| successor = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| office2 = 8th [[Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh]]
| term_start2 = 29 January 1972
| term_end2 = 22 December 1975
| predecessor2 = [[Shyama Charan Shukla]]
| successor2 = [[Shyama Charan Shukla]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = [[Smt. Kamla Devi]]
| nationality = [[India]]n
}}

'''Prakash Chandra Sethi''' (19 October 1919 – 21 February 1996) was an [[Indian National Congress]] politician who served as [[Minister of Home Affairs]] (1982–84)<ref>{{cite web |title=Cabinet Members who have held charge of this department/ministry since 1970 |url=https://persmin.gov.in/HomePage_Former_CabinetMinister.pdf |website=Indian Government Ministry of Personnel |publisher=Ministry of Personnel |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref> and as the 8th [[Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh]] (1972–75).<ref>Shri Prakash Chand Sethi 'Amritotsav Smarika' released date: 19th October 1995</ref>

He was twice the chief minister of the state from 29 January 1972 to 22 March 1972 and 23 March 1972 to 22 December 1975.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajiv Gandhi knows my loyalty to him: Prakash Chandra Sethi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/interview/story/19860915-rajiv-gandhi-knows-my-loyalty-to-him-prakash-chandra-sethi-801229-1986-09-15 |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

Ideologically, he always appreciated people like [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]], [[Ravi Shankar Shukla]], [[Guru Radha Kishan]], and Gandhian [[Mahesh Dutta Mishra (Gird politician)|Mahesh Dutt Mishra]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}} He was such an influential person, but he never encouraged anyone to take any advantage of it.{{Tone inline|date=March 2026}} Though much is not talked about him as a politician, but he was from the selfless school of thoughts and accessible to the public. Sethi was widely respected by the people of Indore and nation for his work.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive Parliament of India |url=https://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lsdeb/ls10/ses16/p2602.htm |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=parliamentofindia.nic.in}}</ref>

During his tenure in the central government, Sethi was elected from the [[Indore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Indore]] constituency. He also held a number of positions in the Central Government of India - Home Minister, Defence Minister, Minister of External Affairs, Finance Minister, Railways, and Housing and Development.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indira Gandhi, News Photo, Home minister PC Sethi with In... |url=https://www.timescontent.com/syndication-photos/reprint/news/404410/indira-gandhi-prime-minister-india.html |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=www.timescontent.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Government Archives |url=https://cabsec.nic.in/writereaddata/councilofministers/english/1_Upload_2411.pdf}}</ref>
[[File:Indira Gandhi Dp Mishra Prakash chand sethi.jpg|left|thumb|261x261px|[[Indira Gandhi]], then Prime Minister of India; [[Dwarka Prasad Mishra]], former Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh; and [[Prakash Chandra Sethi]] at the residence of [[Narayan Prasad Shukla]].]]
He is also known for his efforts for surrender of dacoits from [[Chambal division|Chambal]] region of Madhya Pradesh in 1976 while holding the post of Union Petroleum and Chemicals Minister.<ref>{{cite news |last1=April 8 |first1=V. K. Dethe |title=Chambal dacoits surrender in a chaotic but spectacular ceremony |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19760615-chambal-dacoits-surrender-in-a-chaotic-but-spectacular-ceremony-819191-2015-04-08 |access-date=25 February 2021 |work=India Today |publisher=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[File:PC sethi.jpg|thumb|268x268px|Sethi with [[Zakir Hussain]], then President of India, and [[Narayan Prasad Shukla]].]]

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070915171151/http://www.mpinfo.org/mpinfonew/english/whoiswho/cmlist.asp Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh]

{{Home Ministry (India)}}
{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}
{{Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sethi, Prakash Chandra}}
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1972–1977]]
[[Category:India MPs 1967–1970]]
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ministers of internal affairs of India]]
[[Category:People from Ujjain]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]

Slumdog Millionaire

2026-03-08T15:08:29Z

Richa7864: content fix

{{Short description|2008 film by Danny Boyle}}
{{Distinguish|Slumlord Millionaire}}
{{pp-move}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Slumdog Millionaire
| image = Slumdog Millionaire poster.png
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Danny Boyle]]
| producer = [[Christian Colson]]
| screenplay = [[Simon Beaufoy]]
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Q & A (novel)|Q & A]]''|[[Vikas Swarup]]}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Dev Patel]]
* [[Freida Pinto]]
* [[Madhur Mittal]]
* [[Anil Kapoor]]
* [[Irrfan Khan]]
}}
| music = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| cinematography = [[Anthony Dod Mantle]]
| editing = [[Chris Dickens]]
| studio = {{Plainlist|
* [[Celador Films]]
* [[Film4 Productions|Film4]]
}}
| distributor = [[Pathé Distribution]]{{Ref label|footnote_3|iii|iii}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2008|8|30|[[Telluride Film Festival|Telluride]]|2009|1|9|United Kingdom}}
| runtime = 120 minutes<ref name="langu">{{Cite web |date=7 May 2017 |title=Slumdog Millionaire (15) |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/slumdog-millionaire-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mtu4ode |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928150732/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/slumdog-millionaire-film#bbfcinsight |archive-date=28 September 2017 |access-date=7 May 2017 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref>
| country = United Kingdom<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2008 |title=Slumdog Millionaire (2008) |url=https://www.screendaily.com/features/slumdog-millionaire-/4040676.article |url-status=live |website=[[Screen Daily]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530052457/http://www.screendaily.com/reviews/uk-ireland/features/slumdog-millionaire/4040676.article |archive-date=30 May 2014 |access-date=30 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Slumdog Millionaire (2008) |url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c7d9ca6 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502195226/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c7d9ca6 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=2 May 2014 |website=[[British Film Institute]]}}</ref><ref name="Bradshaw-20090109">{{Cite news |last=Bradshaw |first=Peter |date=9 January 2009 |title=Slumdog Millionaire |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/jan/09/slumdog-millionaire-review-danny-boyle |url-status=live |access-date=13 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115055012/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/jan/09/slumdog-millionaire-review-danny-boyle |archive-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
| language = English
| budget = $15 million<ref name="mojototal" />
| gross = $378 million<ref name="mojototal" />
}}

'''''Slumdog Millionaire''''' is a 2008 British [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[Danny Boyle]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Robinson |first=Tasha |date=26 November 2008 |title=Danny Boyle interview |work=[[The A.V. Club]] |url=https://www.avclub.com/content/interview/danny_boyle |url-status=dead |access-date=24 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202232428/http://www.avclub.com/content/interview/danny_boyle |archive-date=2 December 2008}}</ref> written by [[Simon Beaufoy]], and produced by [[Christian Colson]], with [[Loveleen Tandan]] credited as co-director.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 January 2009 |title=Oscar nominations 2009: Indian director 'overlooked' for Slumdog Millionaire awards |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/oscars/4323522/Oscar-nominations-2009-Indian-director-overlooked-for-Slumdog-Millionaire-awards.html |url-status=live |access-date=13 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216040508/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/oscars/4323522/Oscar-nominations-2009-Indian-director-overlooked-for-Slumdog-Millionaire-awards.html |archive-date=16 December 2018}}</ref> It was loosely based on the novel ''[[Q & A (novel)|Q & A]]'' (2005) by [[Indian English literature|Indian author]] [[Vikas Swarup]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Swarup |first=Vikas |title=Slumdog Millionaire |date=2005 |publisher=Transworld Publishers |isbn=9780552775427 |location=London}}</ref> Starring [[Dev Patel]] in his film debut as Jamal, and filmed in India, it narrates the story of 18-year-old Jamal Malik from the [[Juhu]] [[slum]]s of [[Mumbai]].<ref name="nyt">{{Cite news |last=Sengupta |first=Somini |date=11 November 2008 |title=Extreme Mumbai, Without Bollywood's Filtered Lens |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/16/movies/16seng.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426134922/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/16/movies/16seng.html |archive-date=26 April 2017}}</ref>

As a contestant on ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]'', a [[Hindi]] Indian version of ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]'', Jamal surprises everyone by answering every question correctly so far, winning {{INR|1 [[crore]]|link=yes}} ($USD210,000, equivalent to around $300,000 in 2023), and he is one question away from winning the grand prize of {{INR|2 [[crore]]|link=yes}} ($USD420,000, equivalent to around $590,000 in 2023). Accused of cheating, he recounts his life story to the police, illustrating how he was able to answer each question.

After its world premiere at the [[Telluride Film Festival]] and later screenings at the [[2008 Toronto International Film Festival|Toronto International Film Festival]] and the [[London Film Festival]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gritten |first=David |date=31 October 2008 |title=Slumdog Millionaire at the London Film Festival{{Snd}} review |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/filmreviews/3562732/Slumdog-Millionaire-at-the-London-Film-Festival-review.html |url-status=live |access-date=17 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419034921/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/filmreviews/3562732/Slumdog-Millionaire-at-the-London-Film-Festival-review.html |archive-date=19 April 2014}}</ref> ''Slumdog Millionaire'' had a nationwide release in United Kingdom on 9 January 2009, in India on 23 January 2009, and in the United States on 25 January 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jamkhandikar |first=Shilpa |date=23 January 2009 |title="Slumdog" premieres in India amid Oscar fanfare |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idCATRE50L4WW20090122?edition-redirect=ca |url-status=live |access-date=24 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204160829/http://ca.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idCATRE50L4WW20090122?sp=true |archive-date=4 February 2009}}</ref> Regarded as a [[sleeper hit]], ''Slumdog Millionaire'' was widely acclaimed, praised for its plot, soundtrack, cinematography, editing, direction, and performances. It was nominated for 10 [[81st Academy Awards|Academy Awards in 2009]] and won 8—the most of any 2008 film—including [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]], [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], and [[Academy Award for Adapted Screenplay|Best Adapted Screenplay]]. It won seven [[62nd British Academy Film Awards|BAFTA Awards]] including [[BAFTA Award for Best Film|Best Film]], five [[14th Critics' Choice Awards|Critics' Choice Awards]] and four [[66th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]]. However, [[Reactions from India and the Indian diaspora to Slumdog Millionaire|reception in India and among Indian diaspora]] was mixed, and the [[Controversial issues surrounding Slumdog Millionaire|film was the subject of controversy]] over its depiction of [[poverty in India]] and other issues. The ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' called it "an assault on Indian self-esteem".<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2009 |title=Slumdog Millionaire is an assault on Indian self-esteem |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/slumdog-millionaire-is-an-assault-on-indian-self-esteem/story-UzMRtF7U7AX7zsyupK6c6M.html |access-date=10 January 2023 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
In 1992, five-year-old Jamal Malik, a resident of the [[Juhu]] slum in [[Mumbai]], obtains [[Bollywood]] star [[Amitabh Bachchan]]'s [[autograph]] after jumping into a [[cesspit]]; the crowds around Amitabh Bachchan are deterred by Jamal as he is covered head to toe in human feces. Jamal's elder brother Salim later sells the autograph. Their mother is killed during the [[Bombay riots]]. While fleeing the riot, the brothers encounter a child dressed up as [[Rama]], with a bow and arrow in their right hand. Having escaped the riots and taken shelter from the rain, the brothers meet Latika, a girl from their slum. Jamal suggests that she could be their "third musketeer", a reference to ''[[The Three Musketeers]]'', a novel which the brothers learned about in school. The brothers refer to themselves as [[Athos (character)|Athos]] and [[Porthos]] but cannot remember the third musketeer's name.

The trio are found by Maman{{mdash}}a [[Organised crime in India|gangster]] who [[Child trafficking in India|trains street children]] to become beggars. After witnessing Maman blinding the children with hot oil to make them more effective beggars, Salim escapes with Jamal and Latika. The brothers board a moving train, but Latika cannot keep up. Salim grabs her hand but purposefully lets go after Latika had placed hot chili peppers in his undergarments while Salim was sleeping the night before, leaving her to be recaptured by Maman. For the next years, Salim and Jamal travel on top of trains, making a living by selling goods, [[pickpocketing]], washing dishes, and pretending to be tour guides at the [[Taj Mahal]]. At Jamal's insistence, they return to Mumbai to find Latika and discover that Maman is raising her to be a [[Prostitution|prostitute]]. The brothers rescue her, with Salim shooting Maman dead. Impressed by this, Javed{{mdash}}a rival crime lord, grants Salim a job. In their room, Salim orders Jamal to leave him alone with Latika, presumably to sexually assault her. When Jamal refuses, Salim draws a gun on him, and Latika persuades Jamal to leave.

In 2004, Jamal, now working as a ''[[chaiwala]]'' in a [[Call center industry in India|call centre]], learns that Salim is a high-ranking lieutenant in Javed's crime organisation. Jamal confronts Salim, who pleads for forgiveness. Jamal then sneaks into Javed's residence and reunites with Latika. Although he professes his love for her, she tells him to forget her. Despite the refusal, Jamal promises to wait for her every day at five o'clock at [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus|Victoria Terminus]]. Attempting to meet him there, Latika is captured by Javed's men, led by Salim. He scars her face while driving away. Jamal loses contact with Latika and in a final attempt to reach her, he becomes a contestant on ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]'', knowing that she watches the show.

Jamal plays well and becomes popular across India, much to the jealousy and dismay of the show's host, Prem Kumar. Kumar attempts to trick Jamal by feeding him the wrong answer to the penultimate question; however, Jamal answers correctly. When the episode ends, Jamal is arrested and tortured by [[Mumbai Police|police]] Kumar had subsequently called over, who suspect him of cheating. The police inspector eventually believes Jamal's explanations of how he knew each answer, and allows him to return to the show. Latika sees that Jamal was arrested on the news. Feeling guilty about his past behaviour, Salim gives Latika his phone and car keys, asking her to forgive him. After Latika leaves, Salim fills a bathtub with money and sits in it, waiting for Javed to realise what happened.

For the final {{INR|2 crore|link=yes}} question, Jamal is asked the name of the third musketeer. Jamal admits to not knowing the answer and uses his "Phone-A-Friend" lifeline to call Salim because it is the only phone number he knows. Latika answers and tells Jamal that she is safe, but does not know the answer. Javed hears Latika on the show and realises that Salim betrayed him. He and his men break down the bathroom door. Salim kills Javed before getting killed by the gang. Relieved about Latika, Jamal guesses and picks the first answer, [[Aramis]]. He is correct and wins the grand prize. Jamal and Latika meet on the platform at the train station and kiss.

== Cast ==
{{div col}}
* [[Dev Patel]] as Jamal Malik, a boy born and raised in the poverty of [[Bombay]]/[[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Lane |first=Anthony |author-link=Anthony Lane |date=1 December 2008 |title=Slumdog Millionaire: The Film File: The New Yorker |url=https://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/slumdog_millionaire_boyle |url-status=dead |magazine=The New Yorker |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217071203/https://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/slumdog_millionaire_boyle |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=24 May 2009}}</ref> Boyle considered hundreds of young male actors, and he found that [[Indian film]] leads were generally "strong, handsome hero-types". Boyle's daughter pointed out Dev Patel from his role in the [[Television in the United Kingdom|British television]] ensemble drama ''[[Skins (British TV series)|Skins]]''.<ref name="rags" /><ref name="direct">{{Cite magazine |last=Dawtrey |first=Adam |date=30 August 2007 |title=Danny Boyle to direct 'Slumdog' |url=https://variety.com/2007/film/news/danny-boyle-to-direct-slumdog-2-1117971102 |url-status=live |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403024122/http://variety.com/2007/film/news/danny-boyle-to-direct-slumdog-2-1117971102/ |archive-date=3 April 2015 |access-date=15 January 2008}}</ref>
** [[Ayush Mahesh Khedekar]] as youngest Jamal
** [[Tanay Chheda|Tanay Hemant Chheda]] as middle Jamal
* [[Freida Pinto]] as Latika, a girl from the streets who joins Jamal and Salim, then disappears; Jamal spends years hunting for her. Pinto was an Indian model who had not starred in a feature film.<ref name="rags" /> Regarding the "one of a kind" scarf she wears, designer [[Suttirat Anne Larlarb]] says, "I wanted to bookend the journey—to tie her childhood yellow dress to her final look."<ref>As quoted by Lindsay Soll, "Finders Keepers", ''Entertainment Weekly'' 1029 (9 January 2009), p. 10.</ref>
** [[Rubina Ali]] as youngest Latika
** [[Tanvi Ganesh Lonkar]] as middle Latika
* [[Madhur Mittal]] as Salim Malik, Jamal's elder brother
** [[Azharuddin Mohammed Ismail]] as youngest Salim
** [[Ashutosh Lobo Gajiwala]] as middle Salim
* [[Anil Kapoor]] as Prem Kumar, the game show host. [[Danny Boyle|Boyle]] initially wanted Indian actor [[Shah Rukh Khan]] to play the role.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dalal |first=Sandipan |date=24 August 2007 |title=Freeze kiya jaaye? SRK |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Freeze-kiya-jaaye-SRK/articleshow/2304946.cms |url-status=live |access-date=24 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105052358/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-08-24/news-interviews/27979629_1_hot-seat-aamir-srk |archive-date=5 November 2012}}</ref> Khan had hosted the 2007 series of ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]''. Kapoor has also starred as a guest on the show with [[Amitabh Bachchan]] and won Rs 5,000,000.
* [[Irrfan Khan]] as Police Inspector
* [[Saurabh Shukla]] as Police Constable Srinivas
* [[Mahesh Manjrekar]] as Javed Khan, the crime boss
* [[Ankur Vikal]] as Maman, the rival crime boss and child kidnapper
* [[Rajendranath Zutshi]] as ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?|Millionaire]]'' show producer
* Sanchita Choudhary as Jamal's and Salim's mother
* Mia Drake Inderbitzin as Adele, an American tourist
* Siddhesh Patil as Arvind, blind beggar
* [[Shruti Seth]] as Call Center Instructor
* [[Arfi Lamba]] as Bardi
* [[Anjum Sharma]] as one of the call center operators
{{div col end}}

== Production ==
[[File:DannyBoyle08 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Danny Boyle]] directed the film]]
Screenwriter [[Simon Beaufoy]] wrote ''Slumdog Millionaire'' based on the [[Exclusive Books Boeke Prize|Boeke Prize]]-winning and [[Commonwealth Writers' Prize]]-nominated novel ''[[Q & A (novel)|Q & A]]'' by [[Vikas Swarup]].<ref name="interviewsradio">{{Cite web |title=Slumdog Millionaire Interviews |url=http://www.pyroradio.com/index.cfm/act/interview_details/id/89 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715133738/http://www.pyroradio.com/index.cfm/act/interview_details/id/89 |archive-date=15 July 2011 |access-date=17 January 2009 |publisher=Pyro Radio}}</ref> To hone the script, Beaufoy made three research trips to India and interviewed [[street children]], finding himself impressed with their attitudes. The screenwriter said of his goal for the script: "I wanted to get (across) the sense of this huge amount of fun, laughter, chat, and sense of community that is in these slums. What you pick up on is this mass of energy."<ref>{{cite news |last=Roston |first=Tom |date=4 November 2008 |title='Slumdog Millionaire' shoot was rags to riches |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/slumdog-millionaire-shoot-was-rags-122290/ |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref>

By the summer of 2006, British production companies [[Celador Films]] and [[Film4 Productions]] invited director [[Danny Boyle]] to read the script of ''Slumdog Millionaire''. Boyle hesitated, since he was not interested in making a film about ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]'', which was produced by Celador.<ref name="rags">{{Cite journal |last=Roston |first=Tom |date=4 November 2008 |title='Slumdog Millionaire' shoot was rags to riches |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/slumdog-millionaire-shoot-was-rags-122290 |url-status=live |journal=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023082710/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/slumdog-millionaire-shoot-was-rags-122290 |archive-date=23 October 2012 |access-date=12 November 2008}}</ref> Then Boyle learned that the screenwriter was Beaufoy, who had written ''[[The Full Monty]]'' (1997), one of the director's favourite [[Cinema of the United Kingdom|British films]], and decided to revisit the script.<ref name="sunshine">{{Cite web |last1=Evry |first1=Max |last2=Rotten |first2=Ryan |date=16 July 2007 |title=Exclusive: Danny Boyle on ''Sunshine''! |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=22029 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210014515/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=22029 |archive-date=10 February 2008 |access-date=15 January 2008 |website=ComingSoon.net}}</ref> Boyle was impressed by how Beaufoy wove the multiple storylines from Swarup's book into one narrative, and the director decided to commit to the project. The film was projected to cost $15 million, so Celador sought a US [[film distributor]] to share costs. [[Warner Independent Pictures]] gave $5 million and got the rights to the film.<ref name="rags" />

Gail Stevens came on board to oversee casting globally. Stevens had worked with Boyle throughout his career and was well known for discovering new talent. Meredith Tucker was appointed to cast out of the US. The filmmakers then travelled to [[Mumbai]] in September 2007 with a partial crew and began hiring local cast and crew for production in [[Karjat]]. Originally appointed as one of the five casting directors in India, [[Loveleen Tandan]] has stated, "I suggested to Danny and Simon Beaufoy, the writer of ''Slumdog'', that it was important to do some of it in [[Hindi]] to bring the film alive [...] They asked me to pen the Hindi dialogues which I, of course, instantly agreed to do. And as we drew closer to the shoot date, Danny asked me to step in as the co-director."<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2009 |title=I sometimes feel like I'm the off-screen 'millionaire': Loveleen |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/hollywired/I-sometimes-feel-like-I-m-the-off-screen-millionaire-Loveleen/Article1-362373.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224075011/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/hollywired/I-sometimes-feel-like-I-m-the-off-screen-millionaire-Loveleen/Article1-362373.aspx |archive-date=24 December 2010 |access-date=24 May 2009 |website=Hindustan Times |agency=Sawf News}}</ref> Boyle then decided to translate nearly a third of the film's English dialogue into Hindi. The director fibbed to Warner Independent's president that he wanted 10% of the dialogue in Hindi, and she approved the change.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2008 |title='Slumdog Millionaire' shoot was rags to riches |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/slumdog-millionaire-shoot-was-rags-122290 |access-date=28 June 2020 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> Filming locations included shooting in Mumbai's megaslum and in [[shantytown]] parts of [[Juhu]], so film-makers controlled the crowds by befriending onlookers.<ref name="rags" /> Filming began on 5 November 2007.<ref name="direct" />

In addition to Swarup's original novel ''Q & A'', the film was also inspired by [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]].<ref name="Kumar" /> Tandan has referred to ''Slumdog Millionaire'' as a homage to [[Bollywood|Hindi cinema]], noting that "Simon Beaufoy studied [[Salim–Javed]]'s kind of cinema minutely."<ref name="Hindu">{{Cite web |date=11 January 2009 |title='Slumdog Millionaire' has an Indian co-director |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200901110925.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325234357/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200901110925.htm |archive-date=25 March 2009 |access-date=23 January 2009 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> Boyle has cited the influence of several [[Bollywood]] films set in Mumbai.{{Ref label|footnote_1|i|i}} ''[[Deewaar]]'' (1975), which Boyle described as being "absolutely key to Indian cinema", is a [[crime film]] written by Salim-Javed based on the Bombay gangster [[Haji Mastan]], portrayed by Bollywood superstar [[Amitabh Bachchan]], whose autograph Jamal seeks at the beginning of ''Slumdog Millionaire''.<ref name="Kumar">{{Cite magazine |last=Kumar |first=Amitava |date=23 December 2008 |title=Slumdog Millionaire's Bollywood Ancestors |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2008/12/slumdog-millionaires-bollywood-ancestors.html |url-status=live |magazine=Vanity Fair |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225193313/http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2008/12/slumdog-millionaires-bollywood-ancestors.html |archive-date=25 December 2008 |access-date=4 January 2008}}</ref> [[Anil Kapoor]] noted that some scenes of the film "are like ''Deewaar'', the story of two brothers of whom one is completely after money while the younger one is honest and not interested in money."<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bhutda |first1=Runna Ashish |last2=Deshmukh |first2=Ashwini |last3=Shah |first3=Kunal M |last4=Lalwani |first4=Vickey |last5=Maniar |first5=Parag |last6=Jha |first6=Subhash K |date=13 January 2009 |title=The Slumdog Millionaire File |url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=11&contentid=200901132009011303014836695d00b9e |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508021832/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=11&contentid=200901132009011303014836695d00b9e |archive-date=8 May 2009 |access-date=30 January 2009 |website=[[Mumbai Mirror]]}}</ref> ''Slumdog Millionaire'' has a similar narrative structure to ''Deewaar''.<ref name="Lal">{{Cite book |last=Lal |first=Vinay |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3a9PyOmuWFcC&pg=PT5 |title=Deewar |date=2012 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |isbn=9789350292464 |page=5}}</ref> ''[[Satya (1998 film)|Satya]]'' (1998), written by [[Saurabh Shukla]] (who plays Constable Srinivas in ''Slumdog Millionaire''), and ''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]'' (2002), based on the [[D-Company]], both offered "slick, often mesmerising portrayals of the [[Mumbai underworld]]" and displayed realistic "brutality and urban violence." Boyle has also stated that the chase in one of the opening scenes of ''Slumdog Millionaire'' was based on a "12-minute police chase through the crowded [[Dharavi]] slum" in ''[[Black Friday (2007 film)|Black Friday]]'' (2007), adapted from Hussein Zaidi's book of the same name about the [[1993 Bombay bombings]].<ref name="Kumar" /><ref name="Ind-20090121-Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=21 January 2009 |title=All you need to know about Slumdog Millionaire |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/all-you-need-to-know-about-slumdog-millionaire-1452119.html |url-status=dead |access-date=21 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122063030/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/all-you-need-to-know-about-slumdog-millionaire-1452119.html |archive-date=22 January 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsering |first=Lisa |date=29 January 2009 |title='Slumdog' Director Boyle Has 'Fingers Crossed' for Oscars |url=https://www.indiawest.com/readmore.aspx?id=860&sid=5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302235319/http://www.indiawest.com/readmore.aspx?id=860&sid=5 |archive-date=2 March 2009 |access-date=30 January 2009 |publisher=IndiaWest}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Kaufman |first=Anthony |date=29 January 2009 |title=DGA nominees borrow from the masters: Directors cite specific influences for their films |url=https://www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=awardcentral&jump=contenders&id=director&articleid=VR1117999259&cs=1 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202102039/http://www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=awardcentral&jump=contenders&id=director&articleid=VR1117999259&cs=1 |archive-date=2 February 2009 |access-date=30 January 2009}}</ref>

Boyle has cited other Indian films as influences in later interviews.{{Ref label|footnote_2|ii|ii}}<ref name="Jivani">{{Cite web |last=Jivani |first=Alkarim |date=February 2009 |title=Mumbai rising |url=http://old.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/feature/49511 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803090553/http://old.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/feature/49511 |archive-date=3 August 2012 |access-date=1 February 2009 |website=[[Sight & Sound]]}}</ref> The [[rags to riches|rags-to-riches]], [[underdog (competition)|underdog]] theme was also a recurring theme in classic Bollywood movies from the 1950s through to the 1980s, when "India worked to lift itself from hunger and poverty."<ref name="Age">{{Cite news |last=Magnier |first=Mark |date=25 January 2009 |title=Slumdog draws crowds, but not all like what they see |work=The Age |location=Melbourne, Australia |url=https://www.theage.com.au/world/slumdog-draws-crowds-but-not-all-like-what-they-see-20090124-7p33.html |url-status=live |access-date=24 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125192406/http://www.theage.com.au/world/slumdog-draws-crowds-but-not-all-like-what-they-see-20090124-7p33.html |archive-date=25 January 2009}}</ref> Other classic Bollywood [[trope (cinema)|tropes]] in the film include "the fantasy sequences" and the [[montage sequence]] where "the brothers jump off a train and suddenly they are seven years older".<ref name="Jivani" />

The producer's first choice for the role of Prem Kumar was [[Shah Rukh Khan]],<ref name="dontregret" /> an established Bollywood star and host of the 2007 series of ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]'' (the Indian version of ''Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?''). However, Khan turned down the role, concerned that he did not want to give his audience the impression that the real show was a fraud by playing a fraudulent host in the movie.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2019 |title=Flashback Friday: When Shah Rukh Khan refused to do Danny Boyle's Slumdog Millionaire |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-slumdog-millionaire-danny-boyle-anil-kapoor-5585996/ |access-date=28 June 2020 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Despite the film's success, Khan said that he does not regret turning down the role,<ref name="dontregret">{{Cite web |date=20 January 2009 |title=I don't regret turning down Slumdog: SRK |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-dont-regret-turning-down-Slumdog-SRK/articleshow/4001941.cms?referral=PM |access-date=21 January 2009 |website=The Times of India |agency=TNN}}</ref> and has been a vociferous supporter of the film to its critics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2009 |title=Shah Rukh Khan slams Slumdog Millionaire critics |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-shah-rukh-khan-slams-slumdog-millionaire-critics-1229053 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222054313/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-shah-rukh-khan-slams-slumdog-millionaire-critics-1229053 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=8 February 2014 |website=DNAIndia.com |agency=ANI}}</ref> Paul Smith, the executive producer of ''Slumdog Millionaire'' and the chairman of Celador Films, previously owned the international rights to ''Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?''<ref name="williams">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Eoghan |date=21 October 2007 |title=Quiz show king didn't want to be a millionaire |url=https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/quiz-show-king-didnt-want-to-be-a-millionaire-26326318.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430063500/http://www.independent.ie/business/irish/quiz-show-king-didnt-want-to-be-a-millionaire-1200517.html |archive-date=30 April 2009 |access-date=23 January 2009 |website=[[Sunday Independent (Ireland)|Sunday Independent]]}}</ref>

The [[cinematography]] was handled by [[Anthony Dod Mantle]], using mainly [[digital cinematography]] rather than traditional [[film cinematography]]. It was shot on a [[digital camera]], the [[Silicon Imaging]] SI-2K [[video camera]], in [[2K resolution]] [[digital video]]. It was the first film to take full advantage of the SI-2K digital camera.<ref name="siliconimaging">{{Cite web |title=Slumdog Millionaire Shot With Innovative SI-2K Digital Cinema Camera |url=http://www.siliconimaging.com/DigitalCinema/News/PR_01_31_09_Slumdog.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815163550/http://www.siliconimaging.com/DigitalCinema/News/PR_01_31_09_Slumdog.html |archive-date=15 August 2019 |access-date=26 November 2019 |website=Silicon Imaging}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Main|Slumdog Millionaire: Music from the Motion Picture|l1=''Slumdog Millionaire: Music from the Motion Picture''}}

The ''Slumdog Millionaire'' soundtrack was composed by [[A. R. Rahman]], who planned the score for over two months and completed it in two weeks.<ref name="rahmannym">{{Cite news |last=Hill |first=Logan |date=12 November 2008 |title=Composer A.R Rahman on the Sounds of 'Slumdog Millionaire' and Being M.I.A.'s Idol |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2008/11/ar_rahman_on_slumdogs_sound.html |url-status=live |access-date=14 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204093416/http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2008/11/ar_rahman_on_slumdogs_sound.html |archive-date=4 December 2008}}</ref> Danny Boyle has said that he chose Rahman because "not only does he draw on [[Indian classical music]], but he's got [[R&B]] and [[hip hop]] coming in from America, [[house music]] coming in from Europe and this incredible fusion is created."<ref name="Jivani" /> Rahman won the 2009 [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score]] and won two [[81st Academy Awards nominees and winners|Academy Awards]], one for [[Academy Award for Original Music Score|Best Original Score]] and one for [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]] for "[[Jai Ho (song)|Jai Ho]]". Rahman had two songs nominated for Best Original Song{{Snd}} the nomination for "[[O... Saya]]" was shared with [[M.I.A. (artist)|M.I.A.]], while the win for "Jai Ho" was shared with lyricist [[Gulzar (lyricist)|Gulzar]]. The soundtrack was released on M.I.A.'s record label [[N.E.E.T. (label)|N.E.E.T.]] On Radio Sargam, film critic Goher Iqbal Punn termed the soundtrack Rahman's "magnum opus" which will acquaint "the entire world" with his artistry.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Punn |first=Goher Iqbal |date=25 January 2009 |title=Review: Slumdog Millionaire |url=http://www.radiosargam.com/films/archives/31928/movie-review-slumdog-millionaire.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603010206/http://www.radiosargam.com/films/archives/31928/movie-review-slumdog-millionaire.html |archive-date=3 June 2009 |access-date=24 May 2009 |publisher=Radio Sargam}}</ref>

== Release ==
=== Theatrical ===
In August 2007, [[Warner Independent Pictures]] acquired the U.S. and Canadian rights and [[Pathé]] the international rights to distribute ''Slumdog Millionaire'' theatrically with a release date of November 7, 2008.<ref name="direct" /> However, in May 2008, Warner Independent Pictures was announced to be shutting down, with all of its remaining projects being transferred to [[Warner Bros. Pictures]], its parent studio. Warner Bros. Pictures doubted the commercial prospects of ''Slumdog Millionaire'' and suggested that it would go direct to video without a U.S. theatrical release.<ref name="Ind-20090121-Walker" /> In August 2008, the studio began searching for buyers for various productions, to relieve its overload of end-of-the-year films.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Goldstein |first1=Patrick |last2=Rainey |first2=James |date=12 August 2008 |title=Warners' films: Movie overboard! |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/the_big_picture/2008/08/warners-films-m.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014060201/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/the_big_picture/2008/08/warners-films-m.html |archive-date=14 October 2008}}</ref> Halfway through the month, Warner Bros. Pictures entered into a pact with [[Fox Searchlight Pictures]] to share distribution of the film, with Fox Searchlight buying 50% of Warner Bros.'s interest in the film and handling US distribution.<ref name="V-20080820-Flaherty" />

=== Home media ===
The film was released on [[DVD]] and [[Blu-ray]] in the United States on 31 March 2009. It opened at No. 2 in the DVD sales chart, making $14.16m from 842,000 DVD units.<ref name="The-Numbers" /> As of 12 November 2009, an estimated 1,964,962 DVD units have been sold, for $31.32m in revenue. This figure does not include Blu-ray sales/DVD rentals.<ref name="The-Numbers" /> It had previously been announced that 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment would be starting a new marketing program with two versions of each release: a stripped-down minimal version for the rental market, and a traditional full version with "bonus extra" features, such as commentary and "making of" material, for the retail market. The release production was mixed up; some full versions were shipped in rental cases, and some retail versions were missing the extras despite their being listed on the box. Public apologies were issued by Fox and Amazon.<ref name="Variety">{{Cite news |date=1 April 2009 |title=Fox DVD stumbles with 'Slumdog' |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2009/digital/features/fox-dvd-stumbles-with-slumdog-1118001992/ |url-status=live |access-date=17 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122221103/http://variety.com/2009/digital/features/fox-dvd-stumbles-with-slumdog-1118001992/ |archive-date=22 January 2016}}</ref>

In the United Kingdom, the film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 1 June 2009. It was 2009's fifth best-selling film on [[home video]] retail in the United Kingdom, third best-selling British film, and overall best-selling British independent film in the UK. It was also the year's top [[Online video|online]] [[video rental]] in the UK.<ref name="bfi" /> On UK television, it was watched by {{Nowrap|5.2 million}} viewers on [[Channel 4]] in 2010, making it the year's fifth most-watched film on UK television, the fourth most-watched British film, and the year's most-watched Channel 4 film.<ref name=":2" />

== Reception ==
=== Box office ===
Following its success at the [[81st Academy Awards]], the film topped the worldwide box office (barring North America), grossing $16 million from 34 markets in the week following the Academy Awards.<ref name="Bresnan">{{Cite web |last=Bresnan |first=Conor |date=5 March 2009 |title=Around the World Roundup: 'Slumdog' Surges |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=2556&p=.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321125203/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=2556&p=.htm |archive-date=21 March 2009 |access-date=16 March 2009 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Worldwide, it has grossed $378 million,<ref name="mojototal">{{Cite web |title=Slumdog Millionaire |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1047561729 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031230836/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1047561729 |archive-date=31 October 2019 |access-date=7 July 2025 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> becoming [[Fox Searchlight Pictures]]'s highest-grossing film ever (surpassing ''[[Juno (film)|Juno]]''). It was the year's second highest-grossing British film worldwide (below [[Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)|''Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince'']]) and the most successful British [[independent film]] of all time.<ref name="bfi">{{Cite news |date=2010 |title=Statistical Yearbook 10 |pages=6, 16–9, 24–6, 32–7, 46–7, 83–9, 112–8 |publisher=[[UK Film Council]] |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/sites/bfi.org.uk/files/downloads/uk-film-council-statistical-yearbook-2010.pdf |access-date=21 April 2022 |via=[[British Film Institute]] |archive-date=23 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423012731/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/sites/bfi.org.uk/files/downloads/uk-film-council-statistical-yearbook-2010.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==== North America ====
[[File:FreidaPintoDevPatel08TIFF.jpg|thumb|Stars [[Dev Patel]] and [[Freida Pinto]] at the [[2008 Toronto International Film Festival]]|316x316px]]

''Slumdog Millionaire'' was first shown at the [[Telluride Film Festival]] on 30 August 2008, where it was positively received, generating "strong buzz".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kearney |first=Christine |date=1 September 2008 |title=Boyle film leads buzz at Telluride Film festival |work=Reuters |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUKN0132417920080901 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012121800/http://uk.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUKN0132417920080901 |archive-date=12 October 2008}}</ref> It also screened at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] on 7 September 2008, where it was the festival's "first widely acknowledged popular success",<ref>{{Cite news |last=Phillips |first=Michael |date=8 September 2008 |title='Slumdog' artful, if extreme |work=Chicago Tribune |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2008-09-08-0809070432-story.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111225302/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2008-09-08/features/0809070432_1_major-film-festival-vikas-swarup-slumdog-millionaire |archive-date=11 January 2012}}</ref> winning the People's Choice Award.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wloszczyna |first=Susan |date=15 September 2008 |title='Slumdog Millionaire' hits it big with audience award |work=USA Today |url=https://www.indiewire.com/ots/2008/09/toronto_08_slum.html |url-status=dead |access-date=17 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221064652/http://www.indiewire.com/ots/2008/09/toronto_08_slum.html |archive-date=21 February 2009}}</ref> It debuted with a limited North American release on 12 November 2008, followed by a nationwide US release on 23 January 2009.<ref name="mojototal" />

After debuting on a Wednesday, the film grossed $360,018 in 10 theatres in its first weekend, a strong average of $36,002 per theatre.<ref name="bomweekly">{{Cite web |title=Slumdog Millionaire (2008) – Weekend Box Office Results |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1047561729/weekend/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321072900/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=slumdogmillionaire.htm |archive-date=21 March 2009 |access-date=31 March 2009 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref><ref name="The-Numbers">{{Cite web |title=Slumdog Millionaire |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Slumdog-Millionaire |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122225243/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Slumdog-Millionaire#tab=summary |archive-date=22 November 2013 |access-date=17 January 2011 |publisher=The-Numbers.com}}</ref> In its second weekend, it expanded to 32 theatres and made $947,795, or an average of $29,619 per theatre, representing a drop of only 18%.<ref name="bomweekly" /> In the 10 original theatres of its release, viewership went up 16%, and this is attributed to strong word-of-mouth.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Knegt |first=Peter |date=24 November 2008 |title="Slumdog" Poised To Become Season's Success Story |publisher=[[indieWIRE]] |url=https://www.indiewire.com/biz/2008/11/iw_bot_slumdog.html |url-status=dead |access-date=26 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228042348/http://www.indiewire.com/biz/2008/11/iw_bot_slumdog.html |archive-date=28 December 2008}}</ref> The film expanded into wide release on 25 December 2008 at 614 theatres and earned $5,647,007 over the extended Christmas weekend.<ref name="mojototal" /> Following its success at the [[81st Academy Awards]], the film's earnings increased by 43%,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daily Box Office for Friday, February 27, 2009 |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/date/2009-02-27/weekly/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216205557/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/daily/chart/?view=7day&sortdate=2009-02-27&p=.htm |archive-date=16 February 2018 |access-date=16 February 2018 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> the most for any film since ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Child |first=Ben |date=2 March 2009 |title=Oscars give Slumdog Millionaire box-office boost as child stars readjust |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/mar/02/oscars-slumdog-millionaire-box-office |url-status=live |access-date=5 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906062550/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/mar/02/oscars-slumdog-millionaire-box-office |archive-date=6 September 2013}}</ref> In the weekend of 27 February to 1 March, it reached its widest release at 2,943 theatres.<ref name="mojototal" /> It has grossed over $140 million at the North American box office.<ref name="mojototal" />

==== Europe ====
The film was released in the United Kingdom on 9 January 2009, and opened at #2 at the UK box office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UK Box Office: 9–11 January 2009 |url=http://www.ukfilmcouncil.org.uk/15109 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608111325/http://ukfilmcouncil.org.uk/15109 |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=24 May 2009 |publisher=[[UK Film Council]]}}</ref> It reached #1 in its second weekend and set a UK box office record, as the film's earnings increased by 47%, the "biggest ever increase for a UK saturation release," breaking "the record previously held by ''[[Billy Elliot]]''{{'}}s 13%". This record-breaking "ticket surge" in the second weekend came after ''Slumdog Millionaire'' won four Golden Globes and received eleven [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA]] nominations. It grossed £6.1 million in its first eleven days in the UK.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2009 |title=Slumdog Mauls Box Office Record |url=https://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/UK-News/British-Film-Slumdog-Millionaire-Breaks-UK-Box-Office-Record-For-Ticket-Sales/Article/200901315206917 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123025829/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/UK-News/British-Film-Slumdog-Millionaire-Breaks-UK-Box-Office-Record-For-Ticket-Sales/Article/200901315206917 |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=23 January 2009 |publisher=[[Sky News]]}}</ref> Its earnings increased by another 7% the following weekend, bringing its total gross up to £10.24 million for its first 17 days in the UK,<ref name="Guardian">{{Cite news |last=Gant |first=Charles |date=27 January 2009 |title=Slumdog runs and runs atop UK box office |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2009/jan/27/danny-boyle-tom-cruise |url-status=live |access-date=28 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419040015/http://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2009/jan/27/danny-boyle-tom-cruise |archive-date=19 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matt |date=26 January 2009 |title=Slumdog Is Top Dog In UK Cinemas |url=https://news.sky.com/?lpos=UK_News_Top_Stories_Header_4&lid=ARTICLE_15210564_Slumdog_Millionaire_Beats_Tom_Cruises_Valkyrie_To_Top_UK_Box_Office_For_Second_Week |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420211732/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/UK-News/Slumdog-Millionaire-Beats-Tom-Cruises-Valkyrie-To-Top-UK-Box-Office-For-Second-Week/Article/200901415210564?lpos=UK_News_Top_Stories_Header_4&lid=ARTICLE_15210564_Slumdog_Millionaire_Beats_Tom_Cruises_Valkyrie_To_Top_UK_Box_Office_For_Second_Week |archive-date=20 April 2009 |access-date=27 January 2009 |publisher=[[Sky News]]}}</ref> and up to £14.2 million in its third week.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 February 2009 |title=Slumdog still leads UK box office |work=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7867201.stm |url-status=live |access-date=3 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206140231/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7867201.stm |archive-date=6 February 2009}}</ref>

As of 20 February 2009, the film's UK box office gross was £22,973,110, making it "the eighth biggest hit at UK cinemas of the past 12 months."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gant |first=Charles |date=24 February 2009 |title=UK box office: Half-term shot in the arm for Bolt |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2009/feb/24/uk-box-office |url-status=live |access-date=2 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325225909/http://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2009/feb/24/uk-box-office |archive-date=25 March 2014}}</ref> In the week ending 1 March 2009, following its success at the [[81st Academy Awards]] where it won eight Oscars, the film returned to No. 1 at the UK box office,<ref>{{Cite web |title=UK Box Office: 27 February – 1 March 2009 |url=http://www.ukfilmcouncil.org.uk/15267 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523054218/http://www.ukfilmcouncil.org.uk/15267 |archive-date=23 May 2009 |access-date=24 May 2009 |publisher=[[UK Film Council]]}}</ref> grossing £26 million as of 2 March 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2009 |title=Slumdog tops box office again |url=http://www.teletext.co.uk/entertainment/news/75b798f8570bb1bb1baa944b75592f95/Slumdog+tops+box+office+again.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306172330/http://www.teletext.co.uk/entertainment/news/75b798f8570bb1bb1baa944b75592f95/Slumdog+tops+box+office+again.aspx |archive-date=6 March 2009 |access-date=2 March 2009 |publisher=[[Teletext]]}}</ref> As of 17 May 2009, the total UK gross was over £31.6 million.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UK Box Office: 15–17 May 2009 |url=http://www.ukfilmcouncil.org.uk/15565 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523104106/http://www.ukfilmcouncil.org.uk/15565 |archive-date=23 May 2009 |access-date=24 May 2009 |publisher=[[UK Film Council]]}}</ref> It topped the UK box office for four weeks, more than any other film in 2009 (longer than ''Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince'', which spent three weeks at the top). It was the year's highest-grossing drama film in the UK, and the year's highest-grossing film rated 15 by the [[British Board of Film Classification]] (BBFC). The film's UK audience demographic breakdown was 50% male and 50% female, with 80% under 55 and 20% over 55, and 32% in [[London]].<ref name="bfi" /> It became the highest-grossing British independent film ever at the UK box office, surpassing ''[[Four Weddings and a Funeral]]'' (1994),<ref name="bfi" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2011 |title=Statistical Yearbook 11 |pages=25–6, 109 |publisher=[[UK Film Council]] |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/sites/bfi.org.uk/files/downloads/bfi-statistical-yearbook-2011.pdf |access-date=21 April 2022 |via=[[British Film Institute]] |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516061604/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/sites/bfi.org.uk/files/downloads/bfi-statistical-yearbook-2011.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> as well as the 20th highest-grossing British film ever at the UK box office and the highest-grossing domestic British film ever without US studio investment.<ref name=":2" />

The film's success at the Academy Awards led to large increases in earnings elsewhere in Europe the following week. Its biggest single-country increase was in Italy, where it was up 556% from the previous week. Its earnings in France and Spain also increased by 61% and 73% respectively. During the same week, the film debuted in other European countries with successful openings: in [[Croatia]] it grossed $170,419 from ten screens, making it the biggest opening there in the previous four months; and in Poland it opened in second place with a gross of $715,677. It was released in Sweden on 6 March 2009 and in Germany on 19 March 2009.<ref name="Bresnan" /> It has sold 17,807,302 [[List of films by box office admissions|box office tickets]] in Europe {{As of|2020|lc=y}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Slumdog Millionaire |url=https://lumiere.obs.coe.int/movie/30428 |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=[[Lumiere (database)|Lumiere]]}}</ref>

==== India ====
In India, the [[premiere]] of ''Slumdog Millionaire'' took place in [[Mumbai]] on 22 January 2009 and was attended by major personalities of the [[Cinema of India|Indian film industry]], with more than a hundred attending this event.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aryan |first=Tony |date=22 January 2009 |title=Aamir, Hrithik, Imran, Sonam attend Slumdog Millionaire premiere |publisher=Radio Sargam |url=http://www.radiosargam.com/films/archives/31728/aamir-hrithik-imran-sonam-attend-slumdog-millionaire-premiere.html |url-status=unfit |access-date=22 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203074650/http://www.radiosargam.com/films/archives/31728/aamir-hrithik-imran-sonam-attend-slumdog-millionaire-premiere.html |archive-date=3 February 2009}}</ref> A dubbed [[Hindi]] version, ''Slumdog Crorepati'' (स्लमडॉग करोड़पति), was also released in India in addition to the original version of the film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Page |first=Jeremy |date=24 January 2009 |title=A thousand words: Slumdog Millionaire opens in India |work=The Times |location=London |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5576403.ece |access-date=24 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615172333/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5576403.ece |archive-date=15 June 2011}}</ref> The name was changed as Indians are more familiar with [[Indian numbering]], including the [[crore]], than the Western numbering of one million.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bellos, Alex |title=Alex's Adventures in Numberland: Dispatches from the Wonderful World of Mathematics |date=5 April 2010 |publisher=[[A&C Black]] |isbn=9781408811146 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Cp8oyheDhfUC&pg=PT114 114]}}</ref> Originally titled ''Slumdog Millionaire: Kaun Banega Crorepati'', the name was shortened for legal reasons. [[Loveleen Tandan]], who supervised the dubbing, stated, "All the actors from the original English including Anil Kapoor, Irrfan Khan and Ankur Vikal dubbed the film. We got a boy from [[Chembur]], Pratik Motwani to dub for the male lead Dev Patel. I didn't want any exaggerated dubbing. I wanted a young unspoilt voice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Toshniwal |first=Chhaya |date=8 June 2009 |title=He gave Jamaal his kamaal |work=DNA |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-he-gave-jamaal-his-kamaal-1263151 |url-status=live |access-date=16 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216213028/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-he-gave-jamaal-his-kamaal-1263151 |archive-date=16 February 2018}}</ref> The film was also dubbed in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''Naanum Kodeeswaran'', with [[Silambarasan]] dubbing for Patel,<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 February 2009 |title='Slumdog Millionaire' in Tamil |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/lsquoSlumdog-Millionairersquo-in-Tamil/article16654386.ece |url-status=live |access-date=21 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122221100/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/slumdog-millionaire-in-tamil/article346656.ece |archive-date=22 January 2016}}</ref> while [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] and [[Radha Ravi]] dubbed for Kapoor and Khan respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2009 |title=Now, a Tamil Slumdog! |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/now-a-tamil-slumdog/20090204.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927000836/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/now-a-tamil-slumdog/20090204.htm |archive-date=27 September 2015 |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

Fox Searchlight, with [[Fox Star Studios]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dore |first=Shalini |date=6 August 2009 |title=Fox Star Studios sets 'Khan' |url=https://variety.com/2009/biz/markets-festivals/fox-star-studios-sets-khan-1118006974/ |access-date=30 April 2022 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |quote=Following its success with "Slumdog Millionaire", Fox Star Studios India...}}</ref> released 351 prints of the film across India for its full release there on 23 January 2009.<ref name="Singh">{{Cite magazine |last=Singh |first=Madhur |date=26 January 2009 |title=Slumdog Millionaire, an Oscar Favorite, Is No Hit in India |url=https://time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1873926,00.html?imw=Y |url-status=dead |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130064203/http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1873926,00.html?imw=Y |archive-date=30 January 2009 |access-date=27 January 2009}}</ref> It earned {{INRConvert|2,35,45,665|year=2009|nolink=yes}} in its first week at the Indian box office,<ref name="boxofficeindia">{{Cite news |title=Box Office India |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/manikya-raju/box-office/ |url-status=dead |access-date=9 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129084907/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/boxoffice/13980/index.html |archive-date=29 January 2009}}</ref> or $2.2 million according to Fox Searchlight. Though not as successful as major film releases in India during its first week, this was the highest weekend gross for any [[20th Century Fox|Fox]] film and the third highest for any Western release in the country, trailing only ''[[Spider-Man 3]]'' and ''[[Casino Royale (2006 film)|Casino Royale]]''.<ref name="Singh" /> In its second week, the film's gross rose to {{INRConvert|3,04,70,752|year=2009|nolink=yes}} at the Indian box office.<ref name="boxofficeindia" />

A few analysts have offered their opinions about the film's performance at the Indian box office. Trade analyst Komal Nahta commented, "There was a problem with the title itself. ''Slumdog'' is not a familiar word for [the] majority [of] Indians." In addition, trade analyst Amod Mehr has stated that with the exception of [[Anil Kapoor]], the film lacks recognisable stars and that "the film... is not ideally suited for Indian sentiment." A cinema owner commented that "to hear slum boys speaking perfect English doesn't seem right but when they are speaking in Hindi, the film seems much more believable." The dubbed Hindi version, ''Slumdog Crorepati'', did better at the box office, and additional copies of that version were released.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jamkhandikar |first=Shilpa |date=30 January 2009 |title=Piracy, controversy mar Slumdog's India run |publisher=Canada.com |agency=[[Reuters]] |url=http://www.canada.com/topics/entertainment/books/story.html?id=3b8503ee-cff8-4c8a-993b-7d78af594903 |url-status=dead |access-date=30 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122221101/http://www.canada.com/topics/entertainment/books/story.html?id=3b8503ee-cff8-4c8a-993b-7d78af594903 |archive-date=22 January 2016}}</ref> Following the film's success at the [[81st Academy Awards]], the film's takings in India increased by 470% the following week, bringing its total up to $6.3 million that week.<ref name="Bresnan" /> As of 15 March 2009, ''Slumdog Crorepati'' had grossed {{INRConvert|158,613,802|year=2009|nolink=yes}} at the Indian box office.{{Citation needed|date=March 2020|reason=Original cite to ibosnetwork dot com was non-specific, the site is dead, and has been "blocked" at archive.org.}}

==== Asia-Pacific ====
The film's success at the Academy Awards led to it seeing large increases in takings in the Asia-Pacific region. In Australia, the takings increased by 53%, bringing the film up to second place there.<ref name="Bresnan" /> In Hong Kong, the film debuted taking $1 million in its opening weekend, making it the second biggest opening of the year there.<ref name="Bresnan" /> The film was released in Japan on 18 April 2009, South Korea on 19 March 2009, China on 26 March 2009, [[Vietnam]] on 10 April 2009,<ref name="Bresnan" /> and 11 April 2009 in the [[Philippines]].

In particular, the film was a major success in East Asia. In the People's Republic of China, the film grossed $2.2 million in its opening weekend (27–29 March). In Japan, the film grossed $12 million, the most the film has grossed in any Asian country.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McClintock |first=Pamela |date=24 April 2009 |title='Slumdog' ends tour with Asian feat: China, Japan embrace Oscar-winning pic |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2009/biz/box-office/slumdog-ends-tour-with-asian-feat-1118002826 |url-status=live |access-date=18 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122221104/https://variety.com/2009/biz/box-office/slumdog-ends-tour-with-asian-feat-1118002826 |archive-date=22 January 2016}}</ref>

=== Critical reception ===
On review aggregator site [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film holds an approval rating of 92% based on 286 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, "Visually dazzling and emotionally resonant, ''Slumdog Millionaire'' is a film that's both entertaining and powerful."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Slumdog Millionaire {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/slumdog_millionaire |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], 36 critics gave the film an average score of 84 out of 100, indicating "universal acclaim".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Slumdog Millionaire Reviews |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/slumdog-millionaire/ |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=Metacritic |language=en}}</ref>

==Musical adaptation==
It was announced on November 1, 2024, that a musical adaptation of the film is in the works. The musical will be produced by Two-time Tony Award winner [[Ken Davenport]], with music and lyrics by [[A.R. Rahman]].

==Accolades==
{{Main|List of accolades received by Slumdog Millionaire|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Slumdog Millionaire''}}

{| class="wikitable floatright" style="width: 26em; font-size:90%"
|+ [[81st Academy Awards]]
|-
| '''1. [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]]''', [[Christian Colson]]
|-
| '''2. [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]]''', [[Danny Boyle]]
|-
| '''3. [[Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay|Best Adapted Screenplay]]''', [[Simon Beaufoy]]
|-
| '''4. [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]''', [[Anthony Dod Mantle]]
|-
| '''5. [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]]''', [[Chris Dickens]]
|-
| '''6. [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]]''', [[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
| '''7. [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]]{{Snd}} "[[Jai Ho (song)|Jai Ho]]"''', music by [[A. R. Rahman]], lyric by [[Gulzar]] (lyricist)
|-
| '''8. [[Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing|Best Sound Mixing]]''', [[Resul Pookutty]], [[Richard Pryke]], and [[Ian Tapp]]
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! colspan="7" | [[62nd British Academy Film Awards]]
|-
| '''1. [[BAFTA Award for Best Film|Best Film]]''', Christian Colson
|-
| '''2. [[BAFTA Award for Best Direction|Best Director]]''', Danny Boyle
|-
| '''3. [[BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay|Best Adapted Screenplay]]''', Simon Beaufoy
|-
| '''4. [[BAFTA Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]''', Anthony Dod Mantle
|-
| '''5. [[BAFTA Award for Best Film Music|Best Film Music]]''', A. R. Rahman
|-
| '''6. [[BAFTA Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]''', Chris Dickens
|-
| '''7. [[BAFTA Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]]''', Glenn Freemantle, Resul Pookutty, Richard Pyke, Tom Sayers, Ian Tapp
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! colspan="4" | [[66th Golden Globe Awards]]
|-
| '''1. [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama|Best Picture – Drama]]'''
|-
| '''2. [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director – Motion Picture|Best Director]]''', Danny Boyle
|-
| '''3. [[Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]''', Simon Beaufoy
|-
| '''4. [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]]''', A. R. Rahman
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
!| [[24th Goya Awards]]
|-
| '''1. [[Goya Award for Best European Film|Best European Film]]'''
|}

''Slumdog Millionaire'' was critically acclaimed and named in the top ten lists of various newspapers.<ref name="mctop08">{{Cite web |title=Metacritic: 2008 Film Critic Top Ten Lists |url=https://www.metacritic.com/film/awards/2008/toptens.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102205252/http://www.metacritic.com/film/awards/2008/toptens.shtml |archive-date=2 January 2009 |access-date=11 January 2009 |website=[[Metacritic]]}}</ref> On 22 February 2009, the film won eight out of [[81st Academy Awards nominees and winners|ten Academy Awards]] for which it was nominated, including [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]].<ref name="Oscars2009">{{Cite web |title=The 81st Academy Awards (2009) Nominees and Winners |url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101405/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/81st-winners.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 November 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref> It was the fifteenth film to win at least eight Academy Awards.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Anita |date=23 February 2009 |title=Oscar winners: Slumdog Millionaire and Kate Winslet lead British film sweep |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/oscars/4786193/Oscar-winners-Slumdog-Millionaire-and-Kate-Winslet-triumph-in-great-night-for-British-film.html |url-status=live |access-date=24 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226192153/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/oscars/4786193/Oscar-winners-Slumdog-Millionaire-and-Kate-Winslet-triumph-in-great-night-for-British-film.html |archive-date=26 February 2009}}</ref> It was the eleventh Best Picture Oscar winner without a single acting nomination, the last film to do so until ''[[Parasite (2019 film)|Parasite]]'' in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eng |first=Joyce |date=20 February 2009 |title=Oscars: Who Will Win and Who Will Surprise? |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/2009-oscar-predictions-1003134.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021031910/http://www.tvguide.com/news/2009-oscar-predictions-1003134.aspx |archive-date=21 October 2012 |access-date=24 May 2009 |website=[[TV Guide]]}}</ref> At the same time, ''[[Taare Zameen Par|Taare Zameen Par (Like Stars on Earth)]]'', India's submission for the [[List of submissions to the 81st Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film|Academy Award for Best Foreign Film]], failed to make the short list of nominations and was frequently compared with ''Slumdog Millionaire'' in the Indian media.<ref name="juxt2">{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=14 January 2009 |title=Aamir's 'Taare Zameen Par' misses Oscar shortlist |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-aamir-s-taare-zameen-par-misses-oscar-shortlist-1221595 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925082541/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_aamir-s-taare-zameen-par-misses-oscar-shortlist_1221595 |archive-date=25 September 2012 |access-date=26 May 2010 |publisher=DNA}}</ref><ref name="juxt3">{{Cite news |last=AFP |date=13 January 2009 |title=Is 'Slumdog' India's? |work=AsiaOne |url=https://www.asiaone.com/news/News/Latest%2BNews/Asia/Story/A1Story20090113-114349.html |url-status=dead |access-date=26 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728043411/http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Asia/Story/A1Story20090113-114349.html |archive-date=28 July 2010}}</ref>

It was also the first film shot using [[digital cinematography]] to win the [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography]], which was given to [[Anthony Dod Mantle]].<ref name="siliconimaging" /> The film also won seven of the eleven [[62nd British Academy Film Awards|BAFTA Awards]] for which it was nominated, including [[BAFTA Award for Best Film|Best Film]]; all four of the [[66th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe Awards]] for which it was nominated, including [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama|Best Drama Film]]; and five of the six [[14th Critics' Choice Awards|Critics' Choice Awards]] for which it was nominated. The title sequence was nominated at the 2009 [[Rushes Soho Shorts Film Festival]] in the Broadcast Design Award category in competition with the ''[[Match of the Day]]'' [[Euro 2008]] titles by [[Aardman]] and two projects by Agenda Collective.

In 2010, the [[Independent Film & Television Alliance]] selected the film as one of the 30 Most Significant Independent Films of the last 30 years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=10 September 2010 |title=UPDATE: How "Toxic" Is IFTA's Best Indies? |url=https://deadline.com/2010/09/iftas-toxic-best-indie-film-list-65871/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202022156/http://deadline.com/2010/09/iftas-toxic-best-indie-film-list-65871/ |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=23 January 2017 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> In 2021, members of [[Writers Guild of America West]] (WGAW) and [[Writers Guild of America, East]] (WGAE) ranked its screenplay 38th in WGA’s 101 Greatest Screenplays of the 21st Century (So Far).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |date=2021-12-06 |title=101 Greatest Screenplays Of The 21st Century: Horror Pic Tops Writers Guild’s List |url=https://deadline.com/2021/12/greatest-screenplays-of-21st-century-list-writers-guild-get-out-1234885622/ |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=101 Greatest Screenplays of the 21st Century (*so far) |url=https://www.wga.org/writers-room/101-best-lists/101-best-screenplays-of-the-21st-century-so-far/list |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=www.wga.org}}</ref>

In 2025, it was one of the films voted for the "Readers' Choice" edition of ''[[The New York Times]]''{{'}} list of "The 100 Best Movies of the 21st Century," finishing at number 163.<ref>{{cite web |title=Readers Choose Their Top Movies of the 21st Century |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/movies/readers-movies-21st-century.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref>

=== Critical response ===
[[File:Cast "Slumdog Millionaire".JPG|thumb|right|The ''Slumdog Millionaire'' team at the [[81st Academy Awards]] in the US]]
Outside of India, ''Slumdog Millionaire'' was met with critical acclaim. The film holds a 91% approval rating on [[Rotten Tomatoes]] based on 290 reviews, with an [[weighted arithmetic mean|average]] score of 8.4/10. The consensus reads, "Visually dazzling and emotionally resonant, ''Slumdog Millionaire'' is a film that's both entertaining and powerful."<ref name="rt">{{Cite web |title=''Slumdog Millionaire'' (2008) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/slumdog_millionaire/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821062918/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/slumdog_millionaire |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film has an average score of 86 out of 100, based on 36 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".<ref name="meta">{{Cite web |title=''Slumdog Millionaire'' Reviews |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/slumdog-millionaire |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730053015/http://www.metacritic.com/film/titles/slumdogmillionaire |archive-date=30 July 2010 |access-date=27 February 2018 |website=[[Metacritic]]}}</ref> Movie City News shows that the film appeared in 123 different top ten lists, out of 286 different critics lists surveyed, the 4th most mentions on a top ten list of any film released in 2008.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Poland |first=David |year=2008 |title=The 2008 Movie City News Top Ten Awards |url=https://moviecitynews.com/awards/2009/top_ten/00scoreboard.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=25 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090121082159/http://moviecitynews.com/awards/2009/top_ten/00scoreboard.htm |archive-date=21 January 2009}}</ref>

[[Roger Ebert]] of the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' gave the film four out of four stars, calling it "a breathless, exciting story, heartbreaking and exhilarating."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebert |first=Roger |title=Slumdog Millionaire movie review (2008) |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/slumdog-millionaire-2008 |access-date=18 September 2022 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' critic [[Joe Morgenstern]] refers to ''Slumdog Millionaire'' as, "the film world's first globalised masterpiece."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Morgenstern |first=Joe |date=14 November 2008 |title='Slumdog' Finds Rare Riches in Poor Boy's Tale |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122661670370126131 |url-status=live |journal=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307191613/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122661670370126131 |archive-date=7 March 2015 |access-date=16 January 2009}}</ref> Ann Hornaday of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' argues that, "this modern-day 'rags-to-rajah' fable won the audience award at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] earlier this year, and it's easy to see why. With its timely setting of a swiftly globalising India and, more specifically, the country's own version of the ''Who Wants to Be a Millionaire'' TV show, combined with timeless melodrama and a hardworking orphan who withstands all manner of setbacks, ''Slumdog Millionaire'' plays like [[Charles Dickens]] for the 21st century."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hornaday |first=Ann |date=12 November 2008 |title=From 'Slumdog' to Riches In a Crowd-Pleasing Fable |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/11/11/AR2008111102775.html |url-status=live |access-date=13 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112062051/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/11/11/AR2008111102775.html |archive-date=12 November 2012}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]] of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' describes the film as "a Hollywood-style romantic melodrama that delivers major studio satisfactions in an ultra-modern way" and "a story of star-crossed romance that the original Warner brothers would have embraced, shamelessly pulling out stops that you wouldn't think anyone would have the nerve to attempt any more."<ref name="los">{{Cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |date=12 November 2008 |title=Life is the Answer |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-nov-12-et-slumdog12-story.html |url-status=live |access-date=17 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127123153/http://articles.latimes.com/2008/nov/12/entertainment/et-slumdog12 |archive-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>

[[Anthony Lane]] of the ''[[The New Yorker|New Yorker]]'' stated, "There is a mismatch here. Boyle and his team, headed by the director of photography, Anthony Dod Mantle, clearly believe that a city like Mumbai, with its shifting skyline and a population of more than fifteen million, is as ripe for storytelling as Dickens's London [...] At the same time, the story they chose is sheer fantasy, not in its glancing details but in its emotional momentum. How else could Boyle get away with assembling his cast for a Bollywood dance number, at a railroad station, over the closing credits? You can either chide the film, at this point, for relinquishing any claim to realism or you can go with the flow—surely the wiser choice."<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Lane |first=Anthony |author-link=Anthony Lane |date=24 November 2008 |title=The Current Cinema: Hard Times |url=https://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/cinema/2008/11/24/081124crci_cinema_lane |url-status=live |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |volume=84 |issue=38 |pages=130–131 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602051534/http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/cinema/2008/11/24/081124crci_cinema_lane |archive-date=2 June 2009 |access-date=16 April 2009}}</ref> Colm Andrew of the ''[[Manx Independent]]'' was also full of praise, saying the film "successfully mixes hard-hitting drama with uplifting action and the ''Who Wants To Be a Millionaire'' show is an ideal device to revolve events around".<ref name="IOMT-20090226">{{Cite news |date=26 February 2009 |title=FILM: Slumdog Millionaire{{Snd}} Manx Entertainment News |work=Isle of Man Today |publisher=Johnston Publishing Ltd. |url=http://www.iomtoday.co.im/reviews/FILM-Slumdog-Millionaire-.5020366.jp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120803085059/http://www.iomtoday.co.im/reviews/FILM-Slumdog-Millionaire-.5020366.jp |archive-date=3 August 2012}}</ref> Several other reviewers have described ''Slumdog Millionaire'' as a Bollywood-style "[[masala film|masala]]" movie,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kamath |first=Sudhish |date=17 January 2009 |title=The great Indian dream: Why "Slumdog Millionaire", a film made in India, draws crowds in New York |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/archive/print/2009/01/17/ |url-status=live |access-date=22 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126180319/http://hindu.com/mp/2009/01/17/stories/2009011751051300.htm |archive-date=26 January 2009}}</ref> due to the way the film combines "familiar raw ingredients into a feverish masala"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foundas |first=Scott |date=12 November 2008 |title=Fall Film: Slumdog Millionaire: Game Show Masala |url=http://www.laweekly.com/2008-11-13/film-tv/game-show-masala-in-slumdog-millionaire |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130011723/http://www.laweekly.com/2008-11-13/film-tv/game-show-masala-in-slumdog-millionaire/ |archive-date=30 January 2009 |access-date=22 January 2009 |website=[[LA Weekly]]}}</ref> and culminates in "the romantic leads finding each other."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Quill |first=Greg |date=21 January 2009 |title=Slumdog wins hearts here |work=Toronto Star |url=https://www.thestar.com/Entertainment/article/574394 |url-status=live |access-date=22 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123075449/http://www.thestar.com/Entertainment/article/574394 |archive-date=23 January 2009}}</ref>

Other critics offered more mixed reviews. For example, [[Peter Bradshaw]] of ''[[The Guardian]]'' gave the film three out of five stars, stating that "despite the extravagant drama and some demonstrations of the savagery meted out to [[street children in India|India's street children]], this is a cheerfully undemanding and unreflective film with a vision of India that, if not touristy exactly, is certainly an outsider's view; it depends for its full enjoyment on not being taken too seriously." He also pointed out that the film is co-produced by [[Celador]], who own the rights to the original ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]'' and claimed that "it functions as a feature-length [[product placement]] for the programme."<ref name="Bradshaw-20090109" />

A few critics outright panned it. [[Mick LaSalle]] of the ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' states that, "''Slumdog Millionaire'' has a problem in its storytelling. The movie unfolds in a start-and-stop way that kills suspense, leans heavily on flashbacks and robs the movie of most of its velocity. ... [T]he whole construction is tied to a gimmicky narrative strategy that keeps ''Slumdog Millionaire'' from really hitting its stride until the last 30 minutes. By then, it's just a little too late."<ref>{{Cite news |last=LaSalle |first=Mick |author-link=Mick LaSalle |date=12 November 2008 |title='Slumdog Millionaire' ultimately pays off |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Slumdog-Millionaire-ultimately-pays-off-3262098.php |url-status=live |access-date=13 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203075702/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F11%2F12%2FDDU9142B25.DTL |archive-date=3 February 2009}}</ref> Eric Hynes of [[IndieWire]] called it "bombastic", "a noisy, sub-[[Charles Dickens|Dickens]] update on the romantic tramp's tale" and "a goofy [[picaresque]] to rival ''[[Forrest Gump]]'' in its morality and romanticism."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hynes |first=Eric |date=11 November 2008 |title=Trivial Pursuit: Danny Boyle's "Slumdog Millionaire" |publisher=[[IndieWire]] |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/review_trivial_pursuit_danny_boyles_slumdog_millionaire/ |url-status=live |access-date=12 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120110906/http://www.indiewire.com/article/review_trivial_pursuit_danny_boyles_slumdog_millionaire/ |archive-date=20 January 2009}}</ref>

=== Reactions from India and the Indian diaspora ===
{{Main|Reactions from India and the Indian diaspora to Slumdog Millionaire|l1 = Reactions from India and the Indian diaspora to ''Slumdog Millionaire''}}

''Slumdog Millionaire'' has been a subject of discussion among a variety of people in India and the [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Indian diaspora]]. Some film critics have responded positively to the film; others objected to issues such as Jamal's use of [[British English]] or the fact that similar films by Indian filmmakers have not received equal recognition. A few notable filmmakers such as [[Aamir Khan]] and [[Priyadarshan]] have been critical of the film. Author and critic [[Salman Rushdie]] argues that it has "a patently ridiculous conceit."<ref name="pickle">{{Cite news |last=Rushdie |first=Salman |date=27 February 2009 |title=A Fine Pickle |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/feb/28/salman-rushdie-novels-film-adaptations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226104607/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/feb/28/salman-rushdie-novels-film-adaptations |archive-date=26 December 2013}}</ref>

[[Adoor Gopalakrishnan]], one of the most acclaimed film makers in India during the 1980s and 1990s and a five-time Best Director winner of the [[Indian National Film Awards]], lambasted ''Slumdog Millionaire'', calling it in an interview to NDTV: "A very [[Anti-Indian sentiment|anti-Indian]] film. All the bad elements of Bombay's commercial cinema are put together and in a very slick way. And it underlines and endorses what the West thinks about us. It is falsehood built upon falsehood. And at every turn is fabricated. At every turn it is built on falsehood. I was ashamed to see it was being appreciated widely in the west... Fortunately Indians are turning it down."<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2009 |title=Adoor Gopalakrishnan{{Snd}} Exclusive Interview on NDTV Hindu Night Vision{{Snd}} Part 3-3 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_Eav_Xnk-I |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626055317/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_Eav_Xnk-I |archive-date=26 June 2014 |access-date=28 February 2013 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref>

=== Academic criticism ===
{{see also|Controversial issues surrounding Slumdog Millionaire|l1=Controversial issues surrounding ''Slumdog Millionaire''}}
The film has been subject to serious academic criticism. Mitu Sengupta (2009 and 2010) raises substantial doubts about both the realism of the film's portrayal of urban [[poverty in India]] and whether the film will assist those arguing for the poor. Rather, Sengupta argues the film's "reductive view" of such slums is likely to reinforce negative attitudes to those who live there. The film is therefore likely to support policies that have tended to further dispossess the slum dwellers in terms of material goods, power and dignity. The film, it is also suggested, celebrates characters and places that might be seen as symbolic of Western culture and models of development.<ref name="pmid20607903">{{Cite journal |last=Sengupta |first=Mitu |date=2010 |title=A million dollar exit from the anarchic slum-world: Slumdog Millionaire's hollow idioms of social justice |journal=[[Third World Quarterly]] |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=599–616 |doi=10.1080/01436591003701117 |pmid=20607903 |s2cid=7455097}}</ref><ref name="Frontline-20090327">{{Cite magazine |last=Sengupta |first=Mitu |date=27 March 2009 |title=Hollow message |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30186255.ece |magazine=Frontline |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=14–27 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ana Cristina Mendes (2010) places Boyle's film in the context of the aestheticising and showcasing of poverty in India for artistic (and commercial) purposes, and proceeds to examine "the modes of circulation of these representations in the field of cultural production, as well as their role in enhancing the processes of ever-increasing consumption of India-related images."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mendes |first=Ana Cristina |date=July 2010 |title=Showcasing India Unshining: Film Tourism in Danny Boyle'sSlumdog Millionaire |journal=Third Text |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=471–479 |doi=10.1080/09528822.2010.491379 |issn=0952-8822 |s2cid=145021606}}</ref>

However, there are others who point to the changing urban aspirations and prospects for mobility that can be seen in Indian cities such as Mumbai in which the film is set. The film is seen by D. Parthasarathy (2009) as reflecting a larger context of global cultural flows, which implicates issues of labour, status, ascription-achievement, and poverty in urban India. Parthasarathy (2009) argues for a better understanding of issues of [[dignity of labour]] and that the film should be interpreted in a more nuanced way as reflecting the role of market forces and India's new service economy in transforming the caste and status determined opportunity structure in urban India.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Parthasarathy |first=D. |date=30 September 2009 |title=Of Slumdogs, Doxosophers, and the (In)Dignity of Labour(ers) |journal=SSRN |pages=14 |ssrn=2096954}}</ref>

Academic criticism has also been extended to the underlying philosophy of the film, with its apparent [[Ends justify means|ends-justify-means]] message.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Podgorski |first=Daniel |date=17 September 2015 |title=All's Unwell that Only Ends Well: The Inconsistent Meaning of Life in ''Slumdog Millionaire'' |url=https://thegemsbok.com/art-reviews-and-articles/movie-reviews-thursday-theater-slumdog-millionaire-danny-boyle/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217194649/http://thegemsbok.com/art-reviews-and-articles/movie-reviews-thursday-theater-slumdog-millionaire-danny-boyle |archive-date=17 February 2018 |access-date=16 February 2018 |website=The Gemsbok}}</ref> Many elements of the film, including the apparent redemption of Salim at the end of his life and the film's subjugation of the suffering of peripheral characters to the romantic aspirations of Jamal, are characteristic, say such critics, of a naïve, [[Divine providence|Providence]]-based vision of reality.<ref name=":0" />

== Notes ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{note label|footnote_1|i|i}} Specifically, in the Kumar article, Boyle referred to ''[[Deewaar]]'' (1975) by [[Yash Chopra]] and [[Salim–Javed]], ''[[Satya (1998 film)|Satya]]'' (1998) and ''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]'' (2002) by [[Ram Gopal Verma]], and ''[[Black Friday (2007 film)|Black Friday]]'' (2007) by [[Anurag Kashyap (director)|Anurag Kashyap]].
* {{note label|footnote_2|ii|ii}} Some of the other Indian films cited by Boyle as reference points for the film include [[Satyajit Ray]]'s ''[[Pather Panchali (film)|Pather Panchali]]'' (1955), [[Mira Nair]] films such as ''[[Salaam Bombay!]]'' (1988), [[Ashutosh Gowariker]]'s ''[[Lagaan]]'' (2001), and [[Aamir Khan]]'s ''[[Taare Zameen Par]]'' (2007).
* {{note label|footnote_3|iii|iii}} [[Fox Searchlight Pictures]] distributed ''Slumdog Millionaire'' theatrically in the United States under a shared distribution agreement with [[Warner Bros. Pictures]];<ref name="V-20080820-Flaherty">{{Cite news |last=Flaherty |first=Mike |date=20 August 2008 |title=Fox, WB to share 'Slumdog' distribution |work=Variety |url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117990881.html?categoryId=13&cs=1 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080824085322/https://variety.com/article/VR1117990881.html?categoryId=13&cs=1 |archive-date=24 August 2008}}</ref> Pathé themselves distributed the film in its native United Kingdom, the studio's native France and through their own distribution division in Switzerland named Monopole-Pathé<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.movies.ch/fr/film/slumdogmillionaire/ | title=Film: Slumdog Millionaire (2008) - movies.ch - cinéma, film & DVD en Suisse }}</ref> while other independent distributors released the film in other territories.
{{Refend}}
{{reflist|group=note}}

==See also==
* [[List of Indian winners and nominees of the Golden Globe Awards]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote|Slumdog Millionaire}}
* {{IMDb title|1010048}}
* {{AFI film|64756}}
* {{Mojo title|slumdogmillionaire}}
* {{Metacritic film}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|slumdog_millionaire}}
* [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08949460903368911 Review Essay in Visual Anthropology: Virtue Ethics of ''Boot Polish'' and ''Dosti'', as Compared with ''Slumdog Millionaire'']

{{Danny Boyle}}
{{Simon Beaufoy}}
{{Navboxes
|title = [[List of accolades received by Slumdog Millionaire|Awards for ''Slumdog Millionaire'']]
|list =
{{AcademyAwardBestPicture 2001–2020}}
{{BAFTA Best Film 2001–2020}}
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Film}}
{{BIFA BestBritishFilm}}
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Film}}
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Film}}
{{David di Donatello for Best European Film}}
{{Detroit Film Critics Society Award for Best Film}}
{{European Film Award – People's Choice Award for Best European Film}}
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Film}}
{{Golden Eagle Award for Best Foreign Language Film}}
{{GoldenGlobeBestMotionPictureDrama 2001–2020}}
{{Goya Award for Best European Film}}
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Film of the Year}}
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Film}}
{{Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture}}
{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Film}}
{{Satellite Award Best Motion Picture}}
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward CastMotionPicture 2001–2020}}
{{TIFF People's Choice Award}}
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Film}}
}}
{{Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Slumdog Millionaire| ]]
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Prithipal Singh Maini

2026-03-08T11:23:55Z

Richa7864: quick improve layout after review also and corrected details

{{Short description|Indian orthopedic surgeon}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Prithipal Singh Maini
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| death_date = 27 March 2023
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Orthopedic surgeon
| yearsactive =
| known for = Joint [[osteotomy]]
| spouse = Dr. Balwant Kaur Maini
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| signature =
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]](2007) Order of Nishan-e-Khalsa(2001)
}}
'''Prithipal Singh Maini''' (died 27 March 2023) was an Indian orthopaedic surgeon and the senior consultant surgeon at [[Sir Ganga Ram Hospital (India)|Sir Ganga Ram City Hospital]], New Delhi.<ref name="Department of Orthopedics">{{cite web | url=http://www.sgrcityhospital.com/orthopaedics.htm | title=Department of Orthopedics | publisher=SGR City Hospital | date=2016 | access-date=14 June 2016}}</ref> He was also a Consultant Orthopaedist at Sama Hospital, New Delhi.<ref name="Dr. PS Maini on Practo">{{cite web | url=https://www.practo.com/delhi/doctor/dr-ps-maini-orthopedist | title=Dr. PS Maini on Practo | publisher=Practo | date=2016 | access-date=14 June 2016}}</ref>

== Life ==
Maini managed several clinical and medical trials and has taught at a number of medical schools in India.<ref name="Dr. Prithipal Singh Maini, Director">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiamart.com/pathfinder-health-india/aboutus.html | title=Dr. Prithipal Singh Maini, Director | publisher=India Mart | date=2016 | access-date=14 June 2016}}</ref> He was an Emeritus Professor of the [[Maharshi Dayanand University]] and the vice chairman of Pathfinder Health India Group,<ref name="Executive Profile">{{cite web | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/Research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=214723142&privcapId=209938378&previousCapId=209938378&previousTitle=Pathfinder%20Health%20India%20Pvt.%20Ltd. | title=Executive Profile | publisher=Bloomberg | date=2016 | access-date=14 June 2016}}</ref> an organisation promoting affordable healthcare.<ref name="Pathfinder Health India launches First Family Medical Centre">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/health-care/20111010100072.htm | title=Pathfinder Health India launches First Family Medical Centre | publisher=Pathfinder | date=2016 | access-date=14 June 2016}}</ref>

When [[Parkash Singh Badal]], the chief minister of Punjab, suffered a fall in 2001, it was Maini who operated on him to correct the [[Femur fracture]].<ref name="Badal operated upon">{{cite web | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20011121/main6.htm | title=Badal operated upon | work=The Tribune | date=21 November 2001 | access-date=14 June 2016}}</ref>

He died on 27 March 2023.

== Recognition ==
He received the ''Order of Nishan-e-Khalsa'' honor from the chief minister of Punjab in 2001.<ref name="Order of Nishan-e-Khalsa winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/khalsa/page3.htm | title=Order of Nishan-e-Khalsa winners | work=The Tribune | date=14 April 2001 | access-date=14 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="Singh2001">{{cite book|author=Mohinder Singh|title=Punjab 2000: Political and Socio-economic Developments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ZNgVkbUtagC&pg=PA258|date=1 January 2001|publisher=Anamika Publishers & Distributors|isbn=978-81-86565-90-2|pages=258–}}</ref>

The Government of India awarded him the third-highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 2007, for his contributions to Indian medicine.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2016 | access-date=3 January 2016}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VRp2fj2D454 | title=Dr PS Maini Giving a Performance in Padma Awardees Meet | publisher=KK Agarwal | work=[[YouTube]] video | date=2 April 2013 | access-date=14 June 2016}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–2009}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maini, Prithipal Singh}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in medicine]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Indian orthopaedic surgeons]]
[[Category:Indian medical academics]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian surgeons]]
[[Category:Maharshi Dayanand University]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Maharshi Dayanand University]]

{{India-med-bio-stub}}

Nagina (1986 film)

2026-03-03T23:58:40Z

Richa7864: page edit

{{More citations needed|date=January 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nagina
| image = Nagina 1986 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical Release Poster
| director = [[Harmesh Malhotra]]
| writer = '''Story:''' Jagmohan Kapoor '''Dialogues:''' Dr. Achala Nagar
| screenplay = Ravi Kapoor
| producer = Harmesh Malhotra
| cinematography = V. Durga Prasad
| editing = Govind Dalwadi
| studio = Eastern Films
| distributor =
| starring = [[Sridevi]] [[Rishi Kapoor]] [[Rupini|Komal Mahuvakar]] [[Amrish Puri]] [[Prem Chopra]]
| music = [[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| released = {{Film date|1986|11|28|df=y}}
| gross = {{INRConvert|13|c|year=1986}}
}}

'''''Nagina''''' is a 1986 Indian [[Fantasy film|fantasy]] [[Romance film|romance]] film, produced and directed by [[Harmesh Malhotra]], with a screenplay written by Ravi Kapoor and story by Jagmohan Kapoor. The film stars [[Sridevi]] as Rajni, a [[Nāginī]] who marries a civilian to avenge the death of her spouse at the hands of an evil saint. It also stars [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Rupini|Komal Mahuvakar]], [[Amrish Puri]], [[Sushma Seth]] and [[Prem Chopra]]. Then dubbed in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as Naagini.

''Nagina'' was theatrically released on 28 November 1986. Upon its release, it was a widespread success, grossing over ₹13 crore at the box office, becoming the [[List of Bollywood films of 1986|second-highest-grossing Indian film of 1986]]. The success of the film proved to be one of the biggest blockbusters of the year. Anda major watershed moment in [[Indian cinema]], as the film, despite being a woman-centric movie, became a massive commercial success. Nagina is credited as being the film which established Sridevi's position as the biggest female star of the 1980s. A sequel to the film was released; ''[[Nigahen: Nagina Part II]]'' (1989), but failed commercially. Today, ''Nagina'' is considered one of Sridevi's finest performances.

==Plot==
Rajiv comes from a wealthy land-owning family. He returns to India from London after his studies and lives in a palatial home with his mother, who would like him to marry a beautiful young woman named Vijaya Singh, the only daughter of Thakur Ajay Singh. Rajiv, however, is in love with Rajni, who is an orphan without connections. When Rajiv informs his mother of his intent to marry Rajni, she refuses to give her blessings, but relents after a favourable meeting with Rajni. The marriage is arranged, and they enjoy their marriage – until the arrival of Bhairo Nath, a [[sadhu]] capable of controlling snakes. He informs Rajiv's mother that Rajni is an [[Ichchadhari Naag]]in, a female [[shape-shifting]] [[Indian Cobra|venomous Cobra]] who has married Rajiv to avenge the death of her spouse during Rajiv's childhood.

To remove her from the household, Bhairo and his disciples perform a pooja, forcing Rajni to change herself to her snake form by the tunes of a snake charmer's flute. However, when Rajiv comes into the house, Rajni escapes, only to be caught by Bhairo, who reveals his plot—to control the world with the Mani, a sacred jewel that only Rajni knows is hidden. An enraged Rajiv engages in a fight with Bhairo, who is bitten by two snakes and dies. Rajiv and Rajni live happily ever after.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Sridevi]] as Rajni an [[Ichchadhari Naag]]in
* [[Rishi Kapoor]] as Rajiv
* [[Rupini|Komal Mahuvakar]] as Vijaya Singh
* [[Amrish Puri]] as Bhairon Nath
* [[Sushma Seth]] as Rajiv's mother
* [[Prem Chopra]] as Thakur Ajay Singh, Vijaya's father
* [[Guddi Maruti]] as Bhanumati, Munshiji's wife
* [[Jagdeep]] as Munshiji
* [[Viju Khote]] as Mahaveer Singh, Ajay Singh's henchmen
* [[Pinchoo Kapoor]] as advocate
* Lalita Kumari as Bhanumati's mother, Munshiji's mother-in-law
* [[Baby Guddu]] as Child Rajiv
}}

==Soundtrack==
The music for the 1986 movie Nagina was released by T-Series. The label is also known as Super Cassettes Industries Ltd. The film's music was provided by [[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]]. Lyrics were written by Anand Bakshi. The soundtrack contained a total of five songs, one of which was a duet and the rest were all solo numbers. There is also a song called “Aaj Kal Yaad Kuch Aur Rehta Nahin” which isn’t in the film’s soundtrack but it was filmed on sridevi rishi and included in the movie

=== Hindi version ===
{{tracklist
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = [[Anand Bakshi]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://open.spotify.com/album/1HnAmMSkKGis3m0cqaCwxs | website = [[Spotify]] | title = Nagina | date = 20 July 1986 | access-date = 8 January 2021}}</ref>
| total_length = 32:22
| title1 = Tune Bechain Itna Ziada Kiya
| extra1 = [[Mohammed Aziz]], [[Anuradha Paudwal]]
| length1 = 5:36
| title2 = Main Teri Dushman Dushman Tu
| extra2 = [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
| length2 = 7:03
| title3 = Balma Tum Balma Ho Mere Khali
| extra3 = [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
| length3 = 6:16
| title4 = Bhooli Bisri Ek Kahani
| extra4 = Anuradha Paudwal
| length4 = 6:57
| title5 =
| extra5 =
| length5 =
}}

===Telugu version===
Lyrics were written by [[Rajasri (writer)|Rajasri]] and Gona Vijayaratnam.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://indiancine.ma/BEKM/info | website = indiancine.ma | title = Nagini | access-date = 8 January 2021}}</ref>

{{tracklist
| headline = Track list<ref>{{cite web | url = https://open.spotify.com/album/21Q4x77QL7WOV3X742yeCG | website = [[Spotify]] | title = Nagini | date = August 2014 | access-date = 8 January 2021}}</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 23:09
| title1 = Murise Bangaru (Tune Bechain Itna Ziada Kiya)
| lyrics1 = [[Rajasri (writer)|Rajasri]]
| extra1 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Swarnalatha]]
| length1 = 5:42
| title2 = Rare Raja (Rara Raja) - (Bhooli Bisri Ek Kahani)
| lyrics2 = Gona Vijayaratnam
| extra2 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length2 = 5:44
| title3 = Prema Prema (Balma Tum Balma Ho Mere Khali)
| lyrics3 = Rajasri
| extra3 = Swarnalatha
| length3 = 4:29
| title4 = Manthrala Yamuda (Main Teri Dushman Dushman Tu)
| lyrics4 = Gona Vijayaratnam
| extra4 = K. S. Chithra
| length4 = 7:13
}}

==Release==
===Reception===
According to [[Taran Adarsh]], ''Nagina'' turned out to be the biggest blockbuster of the year,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/3705 |title={{!}} Latest bollywood Hindi Movie Features
|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719081609/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/3705 |archive-date=2012-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Boxofficeindia.co.in|title=Worth Their Weight In Gold!(80s)|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/worth-their-weight-in-gold-80s/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111104732/http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/worth-their-weight-in-gold-80s/|archive-date=11 January 2016|access-date=16 April 2013}}</ref> with [[Box Office India]] stating that [[Sridevi]] remained "''the undisputed No.1"''.<ref name="Boxofficeindia.com">{{cite web|last=Boxofficeindia.com|title=Top Actress|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actress|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017104803/http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actress|archivedate=17 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The movie was appreciated for its screenplay, dialogues and direction.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/celebrities/memoirs/sridevi-261106.html |title=Sridevi – The child woman |access-date=16 August 2010 |archive-date=27 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190119/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/celebrities/memoirs/sridevi-261106.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Named one of the best snake fantasy films by [[Yahoo]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Yahoo|title=Meet Bollywood's celebrity snakes|url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/oct/18/slide-show-1-snake-movies-in-bollywood.htm}}</ref> ''[[Times of India]]'' ranked ''Nagina'' as one of the 'Top 10 Snake Films of Hindi Cinema'.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Ten snake films|website=[[The Times of India]]|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videols/9481862.cms}}</ref> Sridevi's climax dance number "Main Teri Dushman" also remains one of the best snake dances in Bollywood<ref>{{cite web|last=MidDay|title=The best of Sridevi|url=http://www.mid-day.com/photos/b-town-specials/the-best-of-sridevi/}}</ref> with Desi Hits calling it "''one of Sridevi's most iconic dance numbers... that still gives fans goose bumps"''<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Desihits|title=Top 5 Bollywood Dancing Queens
|url=http://www.desihits.com/news/view/top-5-bollywood-dancing-queens-20100310|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201232433/http://www.desihits.com/news/view/top-5-bollywood-dancing-queens-20100310|archive-date=1 February 2014|access-date=16 April 2013}}</ref> and iDiva describing it as "''the stuff of movie legends"''.<ref name="iDiva">{{cite web|last=iDiva|title=Sridevi – The Dancing Queen|url=http://idiva.com/photogallery-entertainment/sridevi-the-dancing-queen/8403}}</ref>

In 2013, Sridevi was given the [[Filmfare Special Award]] for her performances in ''Nagina'' as well as ''[[Mr. India (1987 film)|Mr. India]]'' (1987) to recognise her work at that time.

=== Box office ===
The film was a commercial success, grossing approximately ₹4.75 cr.<ref>{{Cite web|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|title=Nagina Box Office Collection. Box Office|date=28 November 1986 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/nagina-2/box-office/|access-date=2022-02-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|publisher=Box Office India|date=2016-01-11|title=Worth Their Weight In Gold! (80s)|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/worth-their-weight-in-gold-80s/|access-date=2022-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111104732/http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/worth-their-weight-in-gold-80s/|archive-date=11 January 2016}}</ref>

=== Sequel ===
This movie was followed by a sequel in 1989 called ''[[Nigahen: Nagina Part II]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0187351/|title=Nigahen: Nagina Part II|date=11 August 1989|via=IMDb}}</ref>

== Technical specifications ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|Runtime
|2 hr 23 min 03 Sec (143 min 03 Sec)
|-
|Audio mix
|Mono
|-
|Color
|Color ([[Eastmancolor]])
|-
|Aspect Ratio
|1.37 : 1
|-
|Laboratory
|Film Center, Mumbai, India
|-
|Negative Format
|[[35 mm movie film|35 mm]]<ref name="auto">{{Citation|title=Nagina (1986) - IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0091601/technical|access-date=2022-02-23}}</ref>
|-
|Printed Film Format
|[[35 mm movie film|35 mm]]<ref name="auto"/>
|}

== Legacy ==
According to the Bengali author Suman Sen, ''Nagina'' was the main inspiration to write his novel ''Sarpa Manav: Nagmoni Rohosyo''. The author also had mentioned the film's name in a small part.<ref name="a1">[http://www.ekabinsha.org/books-literary-works/এই-সপ্তাহের-বাংলা-বই-সুমন/ এই-সপ্তাহের-বাংলা-বই-সুমন]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0091601}}

[[Category:1986 films]]
[[Category:1986 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
[[Category:Films about snakes]]
[[Category:1980s romantic fantasy films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic fantasy films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Harmesh Malhotra]]
[[Category:Films about shapeshifting]]
[[Category:Fiction about human–snake romance]]

Endukante Premanta

2026-03-03T17:44:10Z

Richa7864: Adding New Article.

{{short description|2012 film by A. Karunakaran}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Endukante Premanta poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[A. Karunakaran]]
| producer = [[Sravanthi Ravi Kishore]]
| writer = A. Karunakaran
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Ram Pothineni]]
*[[Tamannaah Bhatia]]
}}
| music = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| cinematography = I. Andrew
| editing = [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]
| studio = [[Sri Sravanthi Movies]]
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2012|6|8|ref1=<ref name="indiatimes1">{{Cite news |date=30 May 2012 |title=Endukante Premanta releasing in Australia and New Zealand |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-30/news-interviews/31899768_1_grand-release-australia-and-new-zealand-romantic-entertainer |url-status=dead |access-date=30 May 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103075011/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-30/news-interviews/31899768_1_grand-release-australia-and-new-zealand-romantic-entertainer |archive-date=3 January 2013}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 155 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
}}

'''''Endukante Premanta''''' ({{translation|Because It's Love}}) is a 2012 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Fantasy film|fantasy]] [[romantic comedy|romantic comedy film]] written and directed by [[A. Karunakaran]]. Produced by [[Sravanthi Ravi Kishore]], the film stars [[Ram Pothineni]] and [[Tamannaah Bhatia]]. It features music scored by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] and dialogues by [[Kona Venkat]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 March 2012 |title='Endukante Premanta' is about the confusion of love |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-29/news-interviews/31253855_1_karunakaran-romantic-entertainer-confusion |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014224110/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-29/news-interviews/31253855_1_karunakaran-romantic-entertainer-confusion |archive-date=14 October 2013 |access-date=30 June 2013 }}</ref> The film was released theatrically on 8 June 2012.

The film deals with love between two souls across two different eras. Both Ram and Tamannaah play dual roles in the film, with each of those pairs of roles set in 1980 and 2012, respectively.<ref name="thehindu.com">{{Cite news |date=10 June 2012 |title='Spirited' attempt |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article3510137.ece |access-date=27 June 2012 |archive-date=30 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430042345/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article3510137.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> This film's plot is based on the American film ''[[Just like Heaven (2005 film)|Just like Heaven]]'' (2005).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=30 January 2017 |title=Copycats in Tollywood |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/300117/copycats-in-tollywood.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003064859/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/300117/copycats-in-tollywood.html |archive-date=3 October 2021 |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> ''Endukante Premanta'' was simultaneously shot in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''Yen Endral Kadhal Enben'' ({{translation|Because I'II Say It's Love}}), though the Tamil version never saw a theatrical release.<ref name="bilingual">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2011 |title=My first bilingual gets ready: Tamannaah |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/my-first-bilingual-gets-ready-tamannaah-news-tamil-lldlDFdcfii.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105190645/http://www.sify.com/movies/my-first-bilingual-gets-ready-tamannaah-news-tamil-lldlDFdcfii.html |archive-date=5 November 2011 |access-date=3 November 2011 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2021 |title=Ram Pothineni's neck injury halts the shoot of his next with director N Lingusamy |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ram-pothinenis-neck-injury-halts-the-shoot-of-his-next-with-director-n-lingusamy/e6c788f574351 |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |archive-date=30 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030183123/https://www.ottplay.com/news/ram-pothinenis-neck-injury-halts-the-shoot-of-his-next-with-director-n-lingusamy/e6c788f574351 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Plot==
'''In [[Visakhapatnam|Vizag]], 1980 :''' Krishna is in love with Srinidhi, and has been standing outside her college bus stop everyday for three years, hoping she would look at him. Srinidhi also likes Krishna but does not reveal it, as she fears that by doing so, she may put her family in trouble. On the last day of the college, Krishna decides to propose to her, so he disguises himself in a [[burqa]] and boards the bus. The bus gets involved in an accident, and Krishna saves Srinidhi from the mishap but is killed in the process. Shocked about Krishna's death, Srinidhi dies at his grave, regretting her decision to never look at him.

'''In Paris, 2012 :''' Sravanthi, daughter of the Indian Ambassador to France and a medical student, is leading a stifling life due to her father's security around her, and craves freedom. She fantasizes an unidentified person in her dream every day, and she promises to marry him if her dream comes true, whoever he may be. One day, escapes from her home and goes on a tour of the whole countryside with her friends.

Ram is a happy-go-lucky guy who is a headache to his father as he does not take life seriously. In an effort to teach him hard work, his father tricks him and sends him to Paris for a job, which he arranges through his friend Pulla Reddy without Ram's knowledge. Ram tries to escape from the factory he works in, and when doing so, sees Sravanthi standing on a railing of the bridge over a river, and, thinking she's about to commit suicide, forces her to get down. Ram and Sravanthi get acquainted and make a plan to leave for India. However, at the airport, he is not able to find Sravanthi and leaves for India alone. After reaching India, he finds Sravanthi to his surprise at the airport. She tells him to meet a specific doctor in a specific hospital and disappears. On meeting the doctor, he finds Sravanthi in the hospital ICU. Sravanthi reveals that Ram has been talking to her soul. She went into a coma after an accident, which was a part of conspiracy hatched by DK, her dad's chief security officer. Only Ram can see and hear her, owing to their previous lives.

Ram realises he has to protect Sravanthi's body to keep her safe. He takes her to his aunt's hospital, where she tells him that Sravanthi needs a German medicine to survive - this medicine has to be given in three doses at exactly the same time (every two days), and not doing so would be fatal. After multiple failed attempts to kidnap Sravanthi's body, DK gets hold of Ram when he goes to get the last dose of medicine. After a fight, Sravanthi is given the third and last dose but DK messes with her oxygen supply. Ram manages to save her - however, when she wakes up, she doesn't remember Ram. Ram is heartbroken.

When Sravanthi and her father are prepared to go back to Paris, their car tyre gets punctured. Sravanthi finds herself at the same location her dream took place and sees Ram as the mystery man. Surprised, she moves forward and, when their hands touch, she remembers everything. The film ends with her hugging him.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Ram Pothineni]] in a [[dual role]] as
** Ram
** Krishna
* [[Tamannaah Bhatia]] in a dual role as
** Sravanthi
** Srinidhi
* [[Richard Rishi|Rishi]] as DK, Security Officer and Jayasurya’s assistant
* [[Suman (actor)|Suman]] as Jayasurya, Sravanthi's father and the [[List of ambassadors of India to France|Indian Ambassador to France]]
* [[Sayaji Shinde]] as Krishna Rao, Ram's father
* [[Y. Kasi Viswanath]] as Madhav, Sravanthi's house chef
* [[Anu Hasan]] as Dr Revathi, Ram's aunt and Krishna Rao’s sister
* [[Krishna Bhagavan]] as Ram’s uncle
* [[Sivannarayana Naripeddi]] as Ram’s uncle
* [[Rajitha]] as Ram’s aunt
* [[Shankar Melkote]] as Ram’s grandfather
* [[Kalpika Ganesh]] as Ramya, Ram’s cousin
* [[Kona Venkat]] as Koka Bhai, the Indian agent of DK
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Pandu Ranga Rao
* [[Satya Krishnan]] as Dr Savitha, Sravanthi’s doctor
* [[Nagineedu]] as Pulla Reddy, Ram’s father’s friend
* [[Raghu Babu]] as Johnny, Pulla Reddy’s assistant
* [[Suman Setty]] as Kumar
* [[Gundu Sudarshan]] as Journalist
* [[Dharmavarapu Subramanyam]] as Hospital Chief
}}

==Production==
The film was to be originally produced by Paruchuri Prasad. However, he backed out in the last minute due to budget constraints. Sravanthi Ravi Kishore and Ram decided to do the film "at any cost as this script has the potential to be made as a bilingual". The shooting of the movie started at the end of July 2011 and it took the crew of the film 118 days to complete.<ref name="idlebrain1">{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/sravanthiravikishore-ep.html|title=Interview with Sravanthi Ravi Kishore|publisher=Idlebrain.com|access-date=5 July 2012|archive-date=5 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705215232/http://idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/sravanthiravikishore-ep.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was shot in [[Geneva]], Switzerland and France over a period of 60 days.<ref name="hindu2">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article3460579.ece|title=On a comeback trail|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=5 July 2012|location=Chennai, India|first=Y. Sunita|last=Chowdhary|date=27 May 2012|archive-date=4 February 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130204093505/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article3460579.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was shot simultaneously in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and was named ''Yen Endral Kadhal Enben'', with each scene shot twice. This was to have been Ram's debut film in Tamil.<ref name="hindu1">{{cite news |last=Manigandan |first=K. R. |date=16 April 2012 |title=New kid on the block |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article3320566.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621003211/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article3320566.ece |archive-date=21 June 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Ram had to learn gymnastics to shoot for a song which delayed the shoot for two months.<ref name="idlebrain1"/> Kona Venkat, who is the dialogue writer for the film, made his debut in this film as one of the antagonists. "After narrating the dialogues of my character", says Venkat, Karunakaran was convinced that "he could only see me and insisted that I do it".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article3536562.ece|title=Staying in a safe zone|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=5 July 2012|location=Chennai, India|first=Y. Sunita|last=Chowdhary|date=16 June 2012|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619180645/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article3536562.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Rishi|Rishi]] was selected to play the character of DK, a security commander and the main antagonist, in the film. "This is a new dimension, as a villain I missed dancing with the heroines but I believe that a villain should have a strong aim" says Rishi.<ref name="hindu2"/>

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Endukante Premanta
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2012|4|29}}
| recorded = 2012
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Film soundtrack]]
| length = 25:01
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = G. V. Prakash Kumar
| prev_title = [[Muppozhudhum Un Karpanaigal]]
| prev_year = 2011
| next_title = [[Saguni]]
| next_year = 2012
}}

[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] composed the soundtrack, which received positive response. The audio of the film was released on 29 April 2012 and launch of the audio was held at [[Annapurna Studios]] on the same day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zustcinema.com/2012/04/endukante-premanta-audio-launch-on-apr.html|title=Endukante Premanta Audio Launch on Apr 29th|publisher=zustcinema.com|access-date=1 April 2012|archive-date=21 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421201344/http://www.zustcinema.com/2012/04/endukante-premanta-audio-launch-on-apr.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Musicperk'' rated it 7.5/10 quoting "A refreshing musical album which is cool, lovely, soft, breezy, lively and yet trendy".<ref>{{cite web |last=Akshintala |first=Sirisha |title=Endukante Premanta |url=http://www.musicperk.com/endukante-premanta/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512015848/http://www.musicperk.com/endukante-premanta |archive-date=12 May 2012 |access-date=1 May 2012 |website=Musicperk}}</ref>

{{tracklist
| headline = Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 25:01
| title1 = Chill Out
| lyrics1 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| extra1 = [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Andrea Jeremiah]], BigNik, Maya
| length1 = 5:05
| title2 = Nee Choopule
| lyrics2 = Ramajogayya Sastry
| extra2 = [[K. S. Chithra]], [[Haricharan]]
| length2 = 6:02
| title3 = Kikko Gicko
| lyrics3 = Ramajogayya Sastry
| extra3 = [[Krish (singer)|Krish]], [[Ranina Reddy]], [[Rahul Nambiar]], Maya
| length3 = 4:23
| title4 = Cinderella
| lyrics4 = Srimani
| extra4 = [[Benny Dayal]], [[Megha (singer)|Megha]], Rahul Nambiar
| length4 = 4:29
| title5 = Yegiri Pove
| lyrics5 = Ramajogayya Sastry
| extra5 = [[Chinmayi Sripaada]], Hemachandra
| length5 = 5:02
}}

==Release==
''Endukante Premanta'' received a [[U certificate (India)|U certificate]] from the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] without cuts.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-02/news-interviews/32007543_1_u-certificate-grand-release-entertainer|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126123734/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-02/news-interviews/32007543_1_u-certificate-grand-release-entertainer|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 January 2013|title=Endukante Premanta gets a U certificate|access-date=27 June 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 June 2012}}</ref> It was scheduled to release on 11 May 2012. But release was postponed as it coincided with the release date of ''[[Gabbar Singh (film)|Gabbar Singh]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2012/gabbar-singh-endhukante-premanta-release-postpone-095447.html|work=Oneindia|title=Gabbar Singh effect: Endukante Premanta release postponed|date=7 May 2012|access-date=5 July 2012|archive-date=29 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529070231/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/telugu/news/2012/gabbar-singh-endhukante-premanta-release-postpone-095447.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was finally released worldwide on 8 June 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-30/news-interviews/31899768_1_grand-release-australia-and-new-zealand-romantic-entertainer|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103075011/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-30/news-interviews/31899768_1_grand-release-australia-and-new-zealand-romantic-entertainer|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2013|title=Endukante Premanta releasing in Australia and New Zealand|access-date=27 June 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=30 May 2012}}</ref> In the United States, it was distributed by 14 Reels Entertainment.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 May 2012|title=14 Reels Ent buys Endukante Premanta for USA|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news293.html|access-date=4 August 2012|website=[[Idlebrain.com]]|archive-date=5 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805054329/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news293.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Reception==
The film mostly received mixed reviews. ''Idlebrain.com'' didn't give any rating for the film but criticised that the "screenplay is not gripping, romance feel is ineffective and run-time is excessive for this kind of subject".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-endukantepremanta.html|title=Endukante Premanta Alternate review|publisher=idlebrain.com|access-date=20 June 2012|archive-date=16 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616091643/http://idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-endukantepremanta.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Rediff.com]]'' has given a rating of 1.5 out of a scale of 5 for the film and declared that "''Endukante Premanta'' disappoints". It criticised the script for its "loopholes" but praised the lead pair of Ram and Tamannaah as the "heart and soul of the film".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-endukante-premanta-disappoints/20120608.htm|title=Endukante Premanta Movie Review|publisher=Rediff|access-date=8 May 2012|archive-date=16 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516012033/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-endukante-premanta-disappoints/20120608.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film at 2.5/5 and said that the film is "overall, a very underwhelming experience that only comes off in bits and pieces".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/movie-reviews/Endukante-Premanta/movie-review/13928032.cms|title=Endhukante Premanta Movie Review|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 June 2012|archive-date=9 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609044155/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/movie-reviews/Endukante-Premanta/movie-review/13928032.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' criticised the film to be "like a montage of different films" and director for "throwing logic to the wind", but praised the lead pair of the film for having "done their best to bring some semblance of reality to this fantasy".<ref name="thehindu.com"/> ''[[CNN-News18|CNN-IBN]]'' too felt that the film "is far from being perfect" and that "the climax is not one bit convincing". However it praised the cast for its performance and the director for his "bold experiment".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/telugu-review-endukante-premanta-is-romantic/265122-71-218.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610044124/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/telugu-review-endukante-premanta-is-romantic/265122-71-218.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 June 2012|title=Telugu Review: 'Endukante Premanta' disappoints|publisher=[[CNN-News18|CNN-IBN]]|access-date=7 July 2012}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2385073}}

{{A. Karunakaran}}

[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by A. Karunakaran]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:2012 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
[[Category:Indian romantic fantasy films]]
[[Category:2012 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2012 fantasy films]]
[[Category:2010s romantic fantasy films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Unreleased Tamil-language films]]

Dangerous Ishhq

2026-03-02T09:30:44Z

Richa7864: added article per standard format and improved wording

{{short description|2012 film by Vikram Bhatt}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox film
|name = Dangerous Ishhq
|image = Dangerous Ishhq Poster.jpg
|caption = Theatrical Release Poster
|director = [[Vikram Bhatt]]
|producer = [[Reliance Entertainment]] ASA Productions and Enterprises Pvt. Ltd.
|writer = Amin Hajee
|screenplay =
|story =
|narrator = [[Karisma Kapoor]]
|starring = Karisma Kapoor [[Rajneesh Duggal]] [[Jimmy Sheirgill]] [[Divya Dutta]]
|music = [[Himesh Reshammiya]]
|cinematography =[[Pravin Bhatt]] '''3D Stereographer''' Michael Flax
|editing =
|studio = Dar Motion Pictures ASA Productions & Enterprises
|distributor = [[Reliance Entertainment]]
|released = {{Film date|df=yes|2012|5|11|}}
|runtime = 130 minutes
|country = India
|language = Hindi
|budget = {{INR}}260 million<ref name="BOI Dangerous Ishhq" />
|gross = {{INR}}86.88 million<ref name="BOI Dangerous Ishhq">{{Cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/dangerous_ishhq|title=Boxoffice|date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923230333/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/dangerous_ishhq|archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref>
}}

'''''Dangerous Ishhq''''' ({{Translation|Dangerous love}}) is a 2012 [[India]]n Hindi-language [[Supernatural thriller|supernatural thriller film]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120422005219/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Dangerous-Ishhq-not-erotic-but-a-supernatural-thriller-says-Karisma/Article1-843923.aspx Dangerous Ishhq not erotic but a supernatural thriller, says Karisma – Hindustan Times]</ref> directed by [[Vikram Bhatt]] and starring [[Karisma Kapoor]] in the lead role. The filming began on 7 September 2010. The film was released on 11 May 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/vikram-bhatts-next-is-an-eroticthriller-d/605637/ |title=Vikram Bhatt's next is an erotic-thriller 'Dangerous Ishhq' |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=12 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Jha |first=Subhash K |title=Karisma starts shooting for Dangerous Ishq |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/karisma-starts-shooting-for-dangerous-ishq/20110907.htm |access-date=12 September 2011 |newspaper=rediff.com |date=7 September 2011 |archive-date=13 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013223440/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/karisma-starts-shooting-for-dangerous-ishq/20110907.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> According to BoxOfficeIndia.com, the film was a box office flop.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dangerous Ishq Box Office Verdict |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=73 |website=BoxOfficeIndia |access-date=23 April 2019 |archive-date=11 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711161857/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=73 |url-status=live }}</ref> Critics praised Kapoor for her sincere and earnest portrayal, but criticized the film overall.

==Plot==
The film's story spans four centuries and tells four different stories set in different time periods. Supermodel Sanjana and Rohan, son of one of the nation's foremost business tycoons, are a famous couple on the social circuit. When Sanjana decides against flying to [[Paris]] at the last minute for a lucrative modelling assignment, she does so, not just because she cannot bear to stay away from Rohan, but more importantly, because her instincts push her against going. Rohan gets abducted, and the high-profile kidnapping creates chaos in Sanjana's life. The kidnappers demand ₹ 500 million. The police, however, believe that even paying the ransom will not bring Rohan back. Shortly after, Sanjana starts hearing strange noises. She has visions of Rohan calling her Geeta. Meanwhile, Sanjana realises that she can read [[Urdu]] even though she has never learnt it. She informs her friend Dr. Neetu about it, who in turn refers her to a [[psychiatrist]].

The latter informs Sanjana that Rohan's kidnapping is somehow linked to their past lives. Sanjana undergoes a [[past life regression]] where she sees herself as Geeta, a young [[Hindu]] girl in love with Iqbal, a [[Muslim]] boy. Her entire family, including her sister Chanda (who is none other than Neetu), has been killed by her uncle. Iqbal suggests that the only way Geeta can escape her death is by leaving Landi Kotal and settling down in Amritsar. Later, it is revealed that Iqbal's friend Aarif is the antagonist. His purpose is to separate the two lovers because he is a reincarnation of Durgam Sah, who decided to split the two many centuries ago.

Sanjana's next life is that of a Muslim girl, Salma, who loves a young man named Ali. The latter leaves for war with his companion Rashid. When the war is over, everyone returns except for Ali. Rashid informs Salma that her lover has been killed. It is later revealed by a tawaif (Neetu's first birth) that Ali is alive and that Rashid planned to separate the two lovers. With this particular regression, it is also revealed that Rohan's younger brother Rahul is involved in his brother's kidnapping.

Sanjana's final past life is that of a young queen's maid named Paro. She is secretly in love with Raj Dutt, while the Commander-in-Chief of [[Rajputana]], Durgam Sah, also loves her. Durgam Sah asks her to marry him, or else he shall have Raj Dutt killed. She goes to him and confesses to having ingested poison so as to die untarnished by him. Watching her die, Durgam takes her to a psychic named Mantra, who reveals that due to the boon of Mirabai to Paro, the bonding of Paro and Raj Dutt is now unbreakable. They will be together forever in every life, to which Durgam replies that if there can be a reincarnation of Raj Dutt and Paro, he will also reincarnate. He asks Mantra to give him the power to remember everything regarding his current life so that he can continue to separate the two lovers in their successive lifetimes. Hence Durgam Sah, Rashid, and Aarif all have the same soul but different faces. Their only aim is to separate Sanjana and Rohan. The question remains: in which form did Durgam Sah take birth during the present life?

After going through all her lives, Sanjana decides to find out where Rohan is and who Durgam Sah has reincarnated as. She ultimately forms a plan and informs Neetu and a police officer about faking her death. Now declared dead by the doctor in front of ACP Singh and Neetu, it is shown that the new Durgam Sah is giving orders to his men to leave Rohan on his own as he will be dead in a few minutes. During the climax, it is finally revealed that ACP Singh is the new Durgam Sah. Sanjana recognises who ACP Singh is by a mark on his shoulder in a dangerous cat-and-mouse game. She then proceeds to wound him fatally. This breaks the cycle, and it is revealed that Sanjana and Rohan's souls will be together forever.

== Cast ==
* [[Karisma Kapoor]] in [[dual role|quadruple roles]] as
**Sanjana
**Geeta
**Salma
**Paro<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-18/news-interviews/29670458_1_kareena-kapoor-martial-arts-roles |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701182313/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-18/news-interviews/29670458_1_kareena-kapoor-martial-arts-roles |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 July 2012 |title=Karisma Kapoor's Dangerous Ishq! |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=12 August 2011 |date=18 June 2011}}</ref>
* [[Rajneesh Duggal]] in quadruple roles as
**Rohan
**Iqbal
**Ali
**Raj Dutt<ref>{{cite web |title=Rajneesh Duggal to romance Karisma Kapoor in Dangerous Ishq |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/award/filmfare-award/2011-2/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=13 September 2011 |date=1 August 2011 |archive-date=22 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122040611/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2011/01/20/15230/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Ravi Kishan]] as Durgam Sah
* [[Sameer Kochhar]] as Rashid (Durgam Sah's second life)
* [[Arya Babbar]] as Aarif (Durgam Sah's third life)
* [[Jimmy Sheirgill]] as Assistant Commissioner of Police Bhargav Singh (Durgam Sah's fourth and last life)
* [[Divya Dutta]] in quadruple roles as
**Neetu
**Chanda
**Tawaif
**Divya
* [[Ruslaan Mumtaz]] as Rahul Thakral
* [[Vikas Shrivastav]] as Inspector Arbaaz Sheikh
* [[Manish Malhotra]] in a cameo appearance playing himself
* [[Gracy Singh]] as [[Meera]] (Special Appearance in song "Lagan Lagi")
* [[Bikramjeet Kanwarpal]]
* Natasha Sinha as Mantra

==Production==
This film marked the comeback of Karisma Kapoor after a break of six years.<ref>{{cite news |last=PTI |title=Friday Release: Karishma Kapoor's 'Dangerous Ishhq' |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/friday-release-karisma-kapoors-dangerous-ishhq/256574-8-66.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513105946/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/friday-release-karisma-kapoors-dangerous-ishhq/256574-8-66.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 May 2012 |access-date=10 May 2012 |newspaper=IBN Live |date=10 May 2012}}</ref>

==Reception==

===Critical reception===
Rajeev Masand of CNN-IBN gave the movie 1.5 stars out of 5, noting that "Ambitious but seriously flawed, the film smacks of laziness in virtually all departments, and even Karisma Kapoor's earnest performance can't save the day. I'm going with one-and-a-half out of five for director Vikram Bhatt's 'Dangerous Ishq'. Plodding on for close to two hours and thirty minutes, this film will make you wish you'd knocked back a stiff one before taking your seat."<ref>{{cite web |title=Masand: 'Dangerous Ishq' is unintentionally comical |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-dangerous-ishq-is-seriously-flawed/256993-47-84.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512212006/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-dangerous-ishq-is-seriously-flawed/256993-47-84.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 May 2012 |work=CNN-IBN |author=Rajeev Masand |date=11 May 2012}}{{Rating|1.5|5}}</ref>

Kathika Kandpal of Filmfare gave the movie 2 stars out of 5, concluding that "Watch this and you might feel Karisma's Baaz – A Bird in Danger (2003) was a classic."<ref>{{cite web |title=Movie Review: Dangerous Ishq 3D |url=http://filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-dangerous-ishq-3d_-404.html |work=Filmfare |author=Kathika Kandpal |date=11 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515034842/http://filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-dangerous-ishq-3d_-404.html |archive-date=15 May 2012}}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref> Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama gave the movie 1.5 stars out of 5, commenting that "On the whole, Dangerous Ishqq is no patch on Vikram Bhatt's earlier achievements. This fantasy-driven film is an epic disappointment!"<ref>{{cite web |title=Dangerous Ishhq |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/537910 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120410210745/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/537910 |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 April 2012 |work=Bollywood Hungama |author=Taran Adarsh |date=11 May 2012}}{{Rating|1.5|5}}</ref> Mansha Rastogi of Now Running gave the movie 1 star out of 5, quoting that "Dangerous Ishhq is definitely very dangerous... to your sensibilities! Beware!"<ref>{{cite web |title=Dangerous Ishq Review |url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/9499/bollywood.hindi/dangerous-ishq/3703/review.htm |work=Now Running |author=Mansha Rastogi |date=11 May 2012 |access-date=12 May 2012 |archive-date=15 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515021724/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/9499/bollywood.hindi/dangerous-ishq/3703/review.htm |url-status=live }}{{Rating|1|5}}</ref> Blessy Chettiar of DNA India gave the movie 1 star out of 5, writing that "Dangerous Ishhq is like watching a Dr Brian Weiss book in 3D, after about 30 pages, it gets monotonous and uninteresting. There's only so much curiosity you can have in somebody else's life. By the end of the ordeal you wish to be treated to a past life regression theory to find out what was it that drew you to it. Go curse your karma now."<ref>{{cite web |title=Review: To curse your karma, watch Dangerous Ishhq |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review_review-to-curse-your-karma-watch-dangerous-ishhq_1687286 |work=DNA India |author=Blessy Chettiar |date=11 May 2012 |access-date=12 May 2012 |archive-date=13 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513083056/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review_review-to-curse-your-karma-watch-dangerous-ishhq_1687286 |url-status=live }}{{Rating|1|5}}</ref> Shubhra Gupta of Indian Express gave the movie 0.5 stars out of 5, noting that "Karisma looks unbelievably trim for a 'do-bachchon-ki-amma', but that doesn't stop her from sliding all the way back into her familiar 90s style acting, where everything was over the top, from arch expressions to clothes to make-up. This is a terrible film, with not one redeeming factor."<ref>{{cite web |title=Dangerous Ishq |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/dangerous-ishq/948215/0 |work=Indian Express |author=Shubhra Gupta |date=11 May 2012 |access-date=12 May 2012 |archive-date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203203727/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/dangerous-ishq/ |url-status=live }}{{Rating|0.5|5}}</ref>

===Box office===
It had opening day collections of {{INRConvert|11|m}}. The second day collections were {{INRConvert|12|m}}, taking the two-day total to {{INRConvert|23|m}}.
The third day collections were {{INRConvert|15|m}}, taking the weekend total to {{INRConvert|38|m}}.<ref name="dangerous"/>
The film's final total was approximately {{INRConvert|94|m}} nett.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/weekly-collections-%E2%80%93-box-office/ |title=Weekly Collections – Box Office | Box Office India : India's premier film trade magazine |access-date=4 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130212512/http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/weekly-collections-%E2%80%93-box-office/ |archive-date=30 November 2015}}</ref>
''Dangerous Ishhq'' grossed {{INRConvert|2.6|m}} in the overseas markets.<ref name="dangerous">{{Cite web |url=http://www.top10bollywood.com/2012/05/dangerous-ishq-box-office-collections.html#.U4HD__l_tv8 |title=Dangerous Ishq Box Office Collections |access-date=25 May 2014 |archive-date=25 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525214332/http://www.top10bollywood.com/2012/05/dangerous-ishq-box-office-collections.html#.U4HD__l_tv8 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Box Office India called it "one of the major flop of the year".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/dangerous_ishhq#.U4HFovl_tv8 |title=Boxoffice |access-date=25 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923230333/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/dangerous_ishhq#.U4HFovl_tv8 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="float:centre; width:45%; text-align:center;"
|+ ''''Dangerous Ishhq'''' worldwide collections breakdown
|-
! Territory
! Territory wise Collections break-up
|-
| rowspan="3" | India
| ''Nett Gross'': {{INRConvert|55.5|m}}
|-
| ''Distributor share'': {{INRConvert|28|m}}
|-
| ''Total Gross'': {{INRConvert|105|m}}
|-
||'''Worldwide'''
| {{INRConvert|105|m}}
|-
||'''Budget'''
| {{INRConvert|260|m}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Collections/allrank/?9#.VdYt2_ntmko |title=Boxoffice |access-date=20 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194136/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Collections/allrank/?9#.VdYt2_ntmko |archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album|
| name = Dangerous Ishhq
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Himesh Reshammiya]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 16 April 2012
| recorded = 2012
| venue = [[Mumbai]]
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length = 55:08
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = Himesh Reshammiya
| prev_title = [[Damadamm!]]
| prev_year = 2011
| next_title = [[Bol Bachchan]]
| next_year = 2012
}}

The music of the film was composed by [[Himesh Reshammiya]] and the lyrics were penned by [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]] and [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]. One remix was by [[Kary Arora]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! # !! Title !! Singer(s) !! Lyrics !! Duration !! Notes
|-
| 1
| "Tu Hi Rab Tu Hi Dua"
| [[Rahat Fateh Ali Khan]], [[Tulsi Kumar]]
| Shabbir Ahmed
| 07:03
|
|-
| 2
| "Naina Re"
| Himesh Reshammiya, [[Shreya Ghoshal]], Rahat Fateh Ali Khan
| Sameer
| 05:32
|
|-
| 3
| "Ishq Mein Ruswaa"
| [[Anwesha Datta Gupta|Anweshaa]]
| Shabbir Ahmed
| 04:43
|
|-
| 4
| "Umeed"
| [[Amrita Kak]], [[Shabab Sabri]]
| Shabbir Ahmed
| 04:47
|
|-
| 5
| "Lagan Laagi"
| Shreya Ghoshal, Shabab Sabri
| Shabbir Ahmed
| 06:09
|
|-
| 6
| "Tu Hi Rab Tu Hi Dua" (R&B Mix)
| Rahat Fateh Ali Khan, Tulsi Kumar
| Shabbir Ahmed
| 04:46
| Remixed by: Kiran Kamath
|-
| 7
| "Naina Re" (Remix)
| Himesh Reshammiya, Shreya Ghoshal, Rahat Fateh Ali Khan
| Sameer
| 04:28
| Remixed by: Kiran Kamath
|-
| 8
| "Tu Hi Rab Tu Hi Dua" (Reprise)
| Tulsi Kumar
| Shabbir Ahmed
| 04:46
| Mixed by: Kiran Kamath
|-
| 9
| "Umeed" (Remix)
| Amrita Kak, Shahab Sabri
| Shabbir Ahmed
| 04:04
| Remixed by: DJ Sheizwood
|-
| 10
| "Naina Re" (Reprise)
| Himesh Reshammiya, Shreya Ghoshal, Rahat Fateh Ali Khan
| Sameer
| 05:31
|
|-
| 11
| "Ishq Mein Ruswaa" (Remix)
| Anweshaa
| Shabbir Ahmed
| 03:13
| Remixed by: Kary Arora
|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.dangerousishhq.com/ Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806124011/https://www.dangerousishhq.com/ |date=6 August 2020 }}
* {{IMDb title|1971365}}

{{Vikram Bhatt}}

[[Category:Indian 3D films]]
[[Category:2012 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2012 Indian films]]
[[Category:2012 horror thriller films]]
[[Category:2010s supernatural horror films]]
[[Category:2010s supernatural thriller films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vikram Bhatt]]
[[Category:Films scored by Himesh Reshammiya]]
[[Category:2012 3D films]]
[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:Films about reincarnation]]
[[Category:Indian supernatural horror films]]
[[Category:Indian horror thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian supernatural thriller films]]
[[Category:Reliance Entertainment films]]
[[Category:DAR Motion Pictures films]]

Kalya inscriptions and hero stones

2026-02-27T21:08:36Z

Richa7864: adding...

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Coord|12.979745|N|77.179679|E|type:landmark|display=title}}
'''Kalya''' is a historic settlement located in [[Magadi]] Taluk, Bengaluru
South district of [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. Kalya as an early settlement can be attested by prehistoric rock art and tools reported from Kalya and inscriptional evidence in the village starting from 550 CE to the early 17th century CE, making it one of the few places in the country that has been continuously inhabited for 3000 to 3500 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ಕನ್ನಡ ಅಕ್ಷರ ಭಂಡಾರ |url=https://mythicsociety.github.io/AksharaBhandara/#/learn/Shasanagalu |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=mythicsociety.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Srivatsa |first=Sharath |date=2022-07-14 |title=Bengaluru's inscriptions: Footprints of history traced anew |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/bengalurus-inscriptions-footprints-of-history-traced-anew/article65636164.ece |access-date=2024-03-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Kalya has been variously documented as Kalleha, Kalyaha and Kalleha Pattana in the inscriptions, this village houses more than 28 documented inscriptions, three tiger-hunting [[hero stone]]s, four Veera [[Sati (practice)|Masti]] stones, [[Sallekhana|Nisidhi stones]], a lingamudra stone, Kalleshwara temple, tomb of the famous 12th-century poet [[Palkuriki Somanatha]], a [[Veerashaiva]] Jangam Mutt, [[Manastambha|Manasthamba]], and icons of Buddhist, [[Jainism|Jaina]], [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]], and [[Shaivism|Shaiva]] sects Alongside these historical remnants, Prehistoric [[rock art]] and [[Stone tool|tools]] have also been reported from Kalya, indicating that this village has been inhabited for approximately 3500–4000 years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muthuramalingam |first=Vivek |title=Captivating Kalya |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/lifestyle/travel/captivating-kalya-704511.html |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref name="tms">{{Cite book |last=The Mythic Society |url=http://archive.org/details/qjms-vol-113-2-2022-43-undocumented-bengaluru-inscriptions |title=Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (QJMS) Vol. 113, No. 2, April – July 2022 — 43 Undocumented Bengaluru Inscriptions |date=April 25, 2022 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>

Kalya has also been identified with "'''bauddhavasapuri kalleha pattana"''', literally translated as "the Kalavavhithi city where Buddhists live" as documented in a copper plate inscription of Turuvekere by Dr Chidanandamurthy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Devi |first=Yogi Prabodha Jnana & Yogini Abhaya |date=2020-01-24 |title=Kalya Caves - Remains of Buddhism in Bangalore |url=https://www.wayofbodhi.org/kalya-caves-buddhism-in-bangalore/ |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=Way of Bodhi |language=en-US}}</ref> The tomb of the famous 12th-century poet [[Palkuriki Somanatha]], the author of the first biographical work on [[Basava]]nna, the ''[[Basava purana|Basava Purana]],'' is in the village. The story of how he came about this village is mentioned in his own work and he says that enamored by the devotion of the shivasharane Sarvashile Chennamma, he came to the village to seek her blessings and decided to stay in the village upon the request of the saintess made Kalya his abode for the rest of his life.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rao |first1=Velcheru Narayana |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7ztf8k |title=Siva's Warriors: The Basava Purana of Palkuriki Somanatha |last2=Roghair |first2=Gene H. |date=1990 |publisher=Princeton University Press|jstor=j.ctt7ztf8k }}</ref>

== Kalya 1368 CE Jain-Srivaishnava conflict resolution Inscription ==
{{Infobox artifact
| name = Kalya 1368CE Bukkaraya's Jain SriVaishanava Reconciliation Inscription
| image = Digital Image of the Kalya 1368CE Bukkaraya's Jain SriVaishanava Reconciliation Inscription - Front Side.png
| image_size = 80
| image_caption = Digital image obtained by 3D scanning of the Kalya 1368CE Bukkaraya's Jain SriVaishanava Reconciliation Inscription - Front Side
| writing = Kannada
| created = 1368 CE
| discovered_place = Kalya, [[Magadi]], [[Karnataka]]
| discovered_coords = {{coord|12.9797446|77.1796794}}
| image2 = File:Digital Image of the Kalya 1368CE Bukkaraya's Jain SriVaishanava Reconciliation Inscription - Back Side.png
| image2_size = 80
| image2_caption = Kalya 1368CE Bukkaraya's Jain SriVaishanava Reconciliation Inscription - Back Side
| discovered_date = 1902
| discovered_by = B L Rice
| website = https://mythicsociety.github.io/AksharaBhandara/#/learn/Shasanagalu?id=115056
| language = Kannada
| height = {{convert|208|cm|in|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|33|cm|in|abbr=on}}
| material = Stone
}}
[[File:Wide Angle View Photograph of the Kalya 1368CE Bukkaraya's Jain SriVaishanava Reconciliation Inscription 1.jpg|thumb|473x473px|Wide Angle View Photograph of the Kalya 1368CE Bukkaraya's Jain SriVaishanava Reconciliation Inscription. Picture Courtesy: [[Wikimedia Commons]] ]]
[[File:3D Scanning of the Kalya 1368CE Bukkaraya's Jain SriVaishanava Reconciliation Inscription.jpg|thumb|399x399px|3D Scanning of the Kalya 1368CE Bukkaraya's Jain SriVaishanava Reconciliation Inscription. Picture Courtesy: [[commons:File:3D_Scanning_of_the_Kalya_1368CE_Bukkaraya's_Jain_SriVaishanava_Reconciliation_Inscription.jpg|Wikimedia Commons]]]]It is one of the most remarkable inscription documented in [[Karnataka]], it is a Kannada inscription dated to 1368 CE issued during the reign of [[Bukka Raya II|Bukkaraya II]]. It records that a dialogue (''saṃvāja'') between [[Jainism|Jains]] and the [[Sri Vaishnavism|Srivaishnavas]] escalated into a fight and the Jains had been unjustly killed by the Srivaishnavas, this conflict was taken to the court of Bukkaraya II of the Vijayanagara Kingdom by the Jains of [[Anegundi|Anegondi]], [[Penukonda]], [[Hospet|Hospattana]] and Kalya, this conflict was resolved by the king by ordering the [[Sri Vaishnavism|Srivaishnavas]] of [[Tirumala]], Tirunarayanapura ([[Melukote]]) and [[Srirangam]] to allow the rightful playing of the panchamahavadyas ( five great instruments ) in the Jain temples and that the Srivaishnavas had to issue decrees and install it in [[Jainism|Jain]] temples following the order throughout the kingdom. The inscription starts with an invocatory verse on [[Ramanuja]], ironically the verse praises [[Ramanuja]] as being a great subduer of the ''pāsaṇḍas'' ([[Śramaṇa|sramanas]]) and records the [[Sri Vaishnavism|Srivaishnavas]] as bhakta, the imitation of this inscription was also erected in [[Shravanabelagola]], it was put up after a month of being installed in Kalya. The inscription was documented and published in Volume 9, ''Epigraphia carnatica.''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Mysore. Dept. of Archaeology |url=http://archive.org/details/epigraphiacarnat09myso |title=Epigraphia carnatica. By B. Lewis Rice, Director of Archaeological Researches in Mysore |last2=Rice |first2=B. Lewis (Benjamin Lewis) |last3=Narasimhacharya |first3=Ramanujapuram Anandan-pillai |date=1894 |publisher=Bangalore Mysore Govt. Central Press |others=Robarts - University of Toronto}}</ref>

=== Transliteration of the inscription ===
The text of the inscription is published in Volume 9, ''Epigraphia Carnatica''.<ref name=":0" />
{| class="wikitable"
!Line
Number
![[Kannada script|Kannada]]
![[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]
|-
|1
|ಸ್ವಸ್ತಿ ಸಮಸ್ತ ಪ್ರ
|svasti samasta pra
|-
|2
|<nowiki> ಶಸ್ತಿ ಸಹಿತಂ|| ಪಾಷ</nowiki>
|<nowiki>śasti sahitaṃ|| pāṣa</nowiki>
|-
|3
|ಂಡ ಸಾಗರ ಮಹಾವಡವಾ
|ṃḍa sāgara mahāvaḍavā
|-
|4
|ಮುಖಾಗ್ನಿ ಶ್ರೀ ರಂಗರಾ
|mukhāgni śrī raṃgarā
|-
|5
|ಜ ಚರಣಾಂಬುಜ ಮೂ
|ja caraṇāṃbuja mū
|-
|6
|ಲದಾಸಃ ಶ್ರೀವಿಷ್ಣುಲೋಕ
|ladāsaḥ śrīviṣṇuloka
|-
|7
|ಮಣಿ ಮಂಟಪ ಮಾರ್ಗ
|maṇi maṃṭapa mārga
|-
|8
|ದಾಯೀ ರಾಮಾನುಜೋ ವಿಜಯ
|dāyī rāmānujo vijaya
|-
|9
|<nowiki>ತೇ ಯತಿರಾಜ ರಾಜಃ || ಶಕ ವ</nowiki>
|<nowiki>te yatirāja rājaḥ || śaka va</nowiki>
|-
|10
|ರ್ಷ ೧೨೯೦ನೆಯ ಕೀಲಕ ಸಂ
|rṣa 1290neya kīlaka saṃ
|-
|11
|ವತ್ಸರದ ಶ್ರಾವಣ ಶು ೨ ಸೋ
|vatsarada śrāvaṇa śu 2 so
|-
|12
|ದಲು ಶ್ರೀಮನ್ ಮಹಾಮಂ
|dalu śrīman mahāmaṃ
|-
|13
|ಡಳೇಶ್ವರಂ ಅರಿರಾಯ ವಿಭಾ
|ḍaleśvaraṃ arirāya vibhā
|-
|14
|ಡ ಭಾಷೆಗೆ ತಪ್ಪುವ ರಾ
|ḍa bhāṣhege tappuva rā
|-
|15
|ಯರಗಂಡ ಶ್ರೀವೀರ ಬುಕ್ಕ
|yaragaṃḍa śrīvīra bukka
|-
|16
|ರಾಯನು ಪ್ರಿತುವಿ ರಾಜ್ಯವ
|rāyanu prituvi rājyava
|-
|17
|ನಾಳುವ ಕಾಲದಲಿ ಜಇನ
|nāluva kāladali jaina
|-
|18
|ರಿಗೆ ಭಕ್ತರಿಗೆ ಸಂವಾಜವಾದ
|rige bhaktarige saṃvājavāda
|-
|19
|ಲ್ಲಿ ಆನೆಯಗೊಂದಿ ಹೊಸಪ
|lli āneyagoṃdi hosapa
|-
|20
|ಟ್ಟಣ ಪೆನುಗುಂಡೆ ಕಳ್ಯಹ
|ṭṭaṇa penuguṃḍe kalyaha
|-
|21
|ವೊಳಗಾದ ಸಮಸ್ತ ನಾಡ
|volagāda samasta nāḍa
|-
|22
|ಜಇನರು ಬುಕ್ಕರಾಯಂಗೆ ಭ
|jainaru bukkarāyaṃge bha
|-
|23
|ಕ್ತರು ಅನ್ಯಾಯದಲು ಕೊಲ್ಲು
|ktaru anyāyadalu kollu
|-
|24
|ವದನು ಬಿಂನಹಂ ಮಾಡ
|vadanu biṃnahaṃ māḍa
|-
|25
|ಲಾಗಿ ಕೋವಿಲ್<nowiki> | ತಿರುಮಲೆ |</nowiki>
|<nowiki>lāgi kovil | tirumale |</nowiki>
|-
|26
|<nowiki>ಪೆರುಮಾ ಕೋವಿಲು | ತಿರುನಾ</nowiki>
|<nowiki>perumā kovilu | tirunā</nowiki>
|-
|27
|ರಾಯಣಪುರ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾ
|rāyaṇapura mukhyavā
|-
|28
|ದ ಸಕಳಾಚಾರ್ಯ್ಯರು ಸ
|da sakalāchāryaru sa
|-
|29
|ಕಳ ಸಮಯಿಗಳು ಸಕಳ
|kala samayigalu sakala
|-
|30
|ಸಾತ್ವಿಕರು ಮೋಷ್ಟಿಕರು ತಿ
|sātvikaru moṣṭikaru ti
|-
|31
|ರುಪಣಿ ತಿರುವಿಡಿ ತಂಣಿ
|rupaṇi tiruviḍi taṃṇi
|-
|32
|ರವರು ನಾಲ್ವತ್ತೆಂಟು ತಲೆ
|ravaru nālvatteṃṭu tale
|-
|33
|ಮಕ್ಕಳು ಸಾವಂತ ಬೋವ
|makkalu sāvaṃta bova
|-
|34
|ಕ್ಕಳು ತಿರಿಕುಲ ಜಾಂಬವಕುಲ
|kkalu tirikula jāṃbavakula
|-
|35
|ವೊಳಗಾದ ಪದಿನೆಂಟು ನಾಡಾ
|volagāda padineṃṭu nāḍā
|-
|36
|ಶ್ರೀವಇಷ್ಣವರ ಕಯ್ಯಲು ಮಹಾ
|śrīvaiṣṇavara kayyalu mahā
|-
|37
|ರಾಯನು ಜಇನರು ನಿಂಮ
|rāyanu jainaru niṃma
|-
|38
|ವಇಷ್ಣವ ದರುಸನದ ಮಱೆ ಒ
|vaiṣṇava darusanada mare o
|-
|39
|ಕ್ಕೆವುವೆಂದು ಕೊಟ್ಟ ಸಂಮಂಧ
|kkeveṃdu koṭṭa saṃmaṃdha
|-
|40
|ಪಂಚ ಬಸ್ತಿಗಳಲಿ ಕಳಸ ಜ
|paṃca bastigaḻali kaḻasa ja
|-
|41
|ಗಳೆ ಜಗಟೆ ಮೊದಲಾದ ಪಂ
|gale jagaṭe modalāda paṃ
|-
|42
|ಚ ಮಹಾವಾದ್ಯವೂ ಸಲು
|ca mahāvādyavū salu
|-
|43
|ಉದು ಅನ್ಯರಿ[ಗೆ] ಬರಕೂಡದು '''ಇ'''
|udu anyari[ge] barakūḍadu i
|-
|44
|ಜಇನ ಸಮಯಕೆ ಸಲುವು
|jaina samayake saluvu
|-
|45
|ದೆಂದು ಹಾನಿವ್ರಿದ್ಧಿಯಾದ .
|deṃdu hānivriddhiyāda
|-
|46
|. ಶ್ರೀವಇ
|. śrīvai
|-
|47
|ಷ್ಣವ ಸಮಯ
|ṣṇava samaya
|-
|48
|. . . . .
|. . . . .
|-
|49
|. . . ಯೀ
|. . . . yi
|-
|50
|ಮರ್ಯ್ಯಾದೆ
|. maryyāde
|-
|51
|. . . . .
|. lu ellā rājya
|-
|52
|ದೊಳಗುಳ
|doḻaguḻḻa
|-
|53
|ಬಸ್ತಿ .
|basti
|-
|54
|ಶ್ರೀವಇಷ್ಣವ
|śrīvayiṣṇava
|-
|55
|. . . . .
|. . . . .
|-
|56
|ನೆಟ್ಟು ಕೊಟ್ಟೆವು
|neṭṭu koṭṭevu
|}

== Kalya 14thcentury CE Mukkode Jina Shloka Inscription ==
It is a Kannada inscription dated to the 14th century CE. It consists of a verse from the ''Pramanasangraha'', an 8th-century J
{{Infobox artifact
| name = Kalya 14th-century Mukkode Jina Shloka Inscription
| image = Digital Image Obtained by 3D Scanning of The Kalya 14th-century Mukkode Jina Shloka Inscription 02.png
| image_size = 150
| image_caption = Digital Image Obtained by 3D Scanning of The Kalya 14th-century Mukkode Jina Shloka Inscription
| material = Stone
| height = {{convert|95|cm|in|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|36|cm|in|abbr=on}}
| created = 14th Century
| location = {{coord|12.974667|77.184194}}
| discovered_date = 2022
| discovered_by = The Mythic Society-Bengaluru Inscriptions 3D Digital Conservation Project
| language = Kannada
}}ain composition authored by Akalanka.<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Mythic Society |url=http://archive.org/details/qjms-vol-113-2-2022-43-undocumented-bengaluru-inscriptions |title=Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (QJMS) VOl 113 2 2022 43 Undocumented Bengaluru Inscriptions |date=April 2022}}</ref>

=== Physical characteristics ===
The inscription is inscribed in the Kannada language and script. The inscription is 95 cm tall & 36 cm wide, while the characters are approximately 5.3 cm tall, 6.2 cm wide & 0.25 cm deep.

=== Transliteration of the inscription ===
The inscription was published in the Quaternary Journal of the Mythic society.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Kannada
!IAST
|-
|1
|ಶ್ರೀ ಮತ್ಪರಮ ಗಂಭೀ
|śrī matparama gaṃbhī
|-
|2
|ರಂಸ್ಯಾದ್ವಾದ
|raṃsyādvādā
|-
|3
|ಮೋಘ ಲಾಂಛನಂ
|mogha lāṃchanaṃ
|-
|4
|ಜೀಯತ್ರೈಲೋಕ ನಾ
|jīyātrailoka nā
|-
|5
|ತಸ್ಯ ಶಾಸನಂ ಜಿ
|thasya śāsanaṃ ji
|-
|6
|ನ ಶಾಸನಂ
|na śāsanaṃ
|}

=== Translation ===
One translation is: "the most respectful, the most beautiful symbol of the syadvada doctrine, an inscription of the lord of the three worlds, and an inscription of the Jains."<ref name="AutoHZ-14"/>

== Kalya Kalleshwara Temple, 1536 CE, Singarajayya Divige-Harivana Donation Inscription ==
It is a Kannada inscription dated to March 22, 1536 CE and records the donation of rituals items to the god Kalleshwara by a Singarayya.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.academia.edu/44618177 | title=3D Digital Scanning of Epigraphs: In the Context of Bengaluru's Inscriptions | journal=The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society | date=January 2020 | last1=L | first1=Udaya Kumar P. }}</ref>

===Physical characteristics===
The inscription is inscribed in the Kannada language and script. The inscription is 102 cm tall and 244 cm wide (inscription area), while the characters are approximately 6.8 cm tall, 5.2 cm wide, and 0.3 cm deep.

===Transliteration of the inscription ===
The transliteration is published in the Quaternary Journal of Mythic Society.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Kannada
!IAST
|-
|1
|o ಕವ
|o kava
|-
|2
|೦ ದುರ್ಮತಿ ಸಂವತ್ಸರದ ಚಯಿತ್ರ ಶು ೧ ಲು ಶ್ರೀಮತು ಕಲ್ಲೇಶ್ವರಲಿಂಗನಿಗೆ
|0 durmati saṃvatsarada cayitra śu 1 lu śrīmatu kalleśvaraliṃganigĕ
|-
|3
|೦ ಸಿಂಗರಾಜಯ್ಯ ಮಾಡಿದ ಸೇವೆ ಹರಿವಾಣ . ಕಂಚಿನ ದೀವಿಗೆ
|0 siṃgarājayya māḍida sevĕ harivāṇa . kaṃcina dīvigĕ
|-
|4
|೦ ಕಂಬಿ(ಚಿ) . . . ಕಾಣಿ . . ದೀವಿಗೆ ೨ ಅ. . . . ಬಾರ . . ೧. . .
|0 kaṃbi(ci) . . . kāṇi . . dīvigĕ 2 a. . . . bāra . . 1. . .
|-
|5
|೦ ಹೊಲ.. ಅ..ಬಿಡಿಸಿದ . . . . . .
|0 hŏla.. a..biḍisida . . . . . .
|-
|6
|೦ . . . . ನೈವೇದ್ಯಕೆ . ಖ೧ ಮೆಲು . . . . . . . . . . . . .
|0 . . . . naivedyakĕ . kha1 mĕlu . . . . . . . . . . . . .
|}

== Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 1540CE Singaraja's Timmaraja Donation Inscription ==
{{Infobox artifact
| name = Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 1536CE Singarajayya Divige- Harivana Donation Inscription
| image = Digital Image Obtained by 3D Scanning of The Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 1536CE Singarajayya Divige- Harivana Donation Inscription 05.png
| image_size = 400
| image_caption = Digital Image Obtained by 3D Scanning of The Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 1536CE Singarajayya Divige- Harivana Donation Inscription
| material = Stone
| height = {{convert|102|cm|in|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|244|cm|in|abbr=on}}
| writing = Kannada
| created = {{start date and age|15-Mar-1536|p=yes|br=yes}}
| discovered_date = 2022
| discovered_by = The Mythic Society-Bengaluru Inscriptions 3D Digital Conservation Project
| location = {{coord|12.978972|77.179111}}
| language = Kannada
}}
It is a Kannada inscription dated to 1540 CE paleographically. It records land grants to the god Kalleshwara by a Singaraja, it indicates the area of land donated and other particulars. Interestingly, interestingly it records the land as being donated on the orders of the deity Kalleshwara himself instead of the local ruler or king, indicating the people's recognition of the god Kalleshwara as a legitimate authority over the land. Many Indian kings and kingdoms were ruled under the name of the god, rulers positing themselves as the true representatives of such a god, the [[Travancore|Travancore kingdom]], [[Varanasi|Kashi]] were some places that were ruled under this norm. It was discovered by the Mythic Society Bengaluru Inscriptions 3D Digital Conservation Project team.<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Mythic Society |url=http://archive.org/details/qjms-vol-113-2-2022-43-undocumented-bengaluru-inscriptions |title=Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (QJMS) VOl 113 2 2022 43 Undocumented Bengaluru Inscriptions |date=April 2022}}</ref>

===Physical characteristics===
The inscription is inscribed in Kannada language and script. The inscription stone measures 91 cm tall & 301 cm wide , while the characters are approximately 8.1 cm tall, 9.3 cm wide & 0.4 cm deep.

=== Transliteration of the inscription ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Kannada
!IAST
|-
|1
|ಲಕ್ಕಪ್ಪ ಗೋಪಿನಾಥ ಅರಸರ ಮಗ ತಿಮ್ಮರಾಜನಿಗೆ ವಾಮನ ಮುದ್ರೆ ಮುಡಣ ಕಲ್ಲು
|lakappa gopinātha ārāsara māga tiṃmarājarigĕ vāmana mudrĕ khalla muḍaṇa
|-
|2
|ಹಳೆಯಾ ಉರು ಕುಪ್ಪಯ ಹೊಲ ಖ೧ ಘದೆ ಕೆಱೆಯ ಕೆಳಗೆ ಕ ೧ ಅರೋಭರು ಅಳುಪ ಸಲ್ಲದು ಕಲಿಸ್ವರ ದೇ
|halĕyā uru kuppaya ̤ hŏla kha1 ghadĕ kĕṟĕya kĕlagĕ ka ̤ 1 arobharu alupa ̤ salladu kalisvara de
|-
|3
|ವರ ನಿರುಪದಿಂ ಸಿಂಗರಾಜಗಳು ದನಾ ದರಪೂರ್ವ
|vara nirupadiṃ siṃgarājagalu danā ̤ darapūrva
|-
|4
|ಕವಾಗಿ ಖೊಟೆಉ ಚಾವಡಿವೀರೆಗೌಡನ
|kavāgi khŏṭĕu cāvaḍivīrĕgauḍana
|-
|5
|ಬರಹ ಯೀ ಗ್ರಾಮಕ್ಕೆ ಅಳುಪಿದವರು ವರಾಣಸಿಯಲ
|baraha yī grāmakkĕ alupidavaru ̤ varāṇasiyali
|-
|6
|ಗೋವ ಕೊಂ
|gova kŏṃ
|-
|7
|ದ ಪಾಪಕ್ಕೆ
|da pāpakkĕ
|-
|8
|ಹೋಹರು
|hoharu
|}

== The Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 1549 CE Immadi Inscription ==
This incomplete Kannada inscription is dated to 1549CE, with the content available, it possibly pertains to a grant by a king, the mention of the word "immadi" in other inscriptions including this, indicates that this was a donation by Immadi Kempegowda of the Yelahanka Naadaprabhu dynasty under the Karnataka (Vijayanagara) empire. It was discovered by The Mythic Society Bengaluru Inscriptions 3D Digital Conservation Project team.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/qjms-vol-113-2-2022-43-undocumented-bengaluru-inscriptions/page/244/mode/1up | title=Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (QJMS) VOl 113 2 2022 43 Undocumented Bengaluru Inscriptions | date=April 2022 }}</ref>

===Physical characteristics===
The inscription is inscribed in Kannada language and script and is dated to the 1549CE. The inscription stone measures 82 cm tall by 112 cm wide, while the characters themselves are approximately 11.1 cm tall, 7.2 cm wide & 0.3 cm deep.

=== Transliteration of the inscription ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Kannada
!IAST
|-
|1
|೦ ಕೀಲಕ ಸಂವಶ್ಚರದ
|0 kīlaka saṃvaścarada
|-
|2
|೦ ಪುಷ್ಯ ಶುದ್ಧ೧ಲೂ ಶ್ರೀ
|0 puṣya śuddha1lū śrī
|-
|3
|೦ ಮತು ಯಿಂಮಡಿ
|0 matu yiṃmaḍi
|-
|4
|೦ . . . . . . . . .
|0 . . . . . . . . .
|-
|5
|೦ . .ಶ . . . .
|0 . .śa . . . .
|-
|6
|೦ . . . . . . . . . .
|0 . . . . . . . . . .
|}

==The Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 17th century Mahabhaktha Inscription==
{{Infobox artifact
| name = Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 17th-century Mahabhakta Inscription
| image = Digital Image Obtained by 3D Scanning of The Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 17th-century Mahabhakta Inscription 06.png
| image_size = 450
| image_caption = Digital Image Obtained by 3D Scanning of The Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 17th-century Mahabhakta Inscriptio
| material = Stone
| height = {{convert|36|cm|in|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|144|cm|in|abbr=on}}
| writing = Kannada
| created = 17th Century
| discovered_date = 2022
| discovered_by = The Mythic Society-Bengaluru Inscriptions 3D Digital Conservation Project
| location = {{coord|12.978972|77.179111}}
| language = Kannada
}}

It is an incomplete Kannada inscription dated paleographically to the 17th century CE, it records a great devotee (mahabhakta) of the god Kalleshwara, his name possibly starts with "Talada". The Inscription was discovered by The Mythic Society Bengaluru Inscription 3D Digital Conservation Project team.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/qjms-vol-113-2-2022-43-undocumented-bengaluru-inscriptions/page/237/mode/1up | title=Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (QJMS) VOl 113 2 2022 43 Undocumented Bengaluru Inscriptions | date=April 2022 }}</ref>

===Physical characteristics===
The inscription is inscribed in both Kannada language and script and is dated to the 17th Century. The inscription stone measures 36 cm tall by 144 cm wide (on the steps leading to Kalleshwara Temple), while the characters themselves are approximately 8.9 cm tall, 3.8 cm wide & 0.4 cm deep

===Transliteration of the Inscription ===
The inscription is a total of two lines''.''
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Kannada
!IAST
|-
|1
|ಶ್ರೀಮತು ತಾಳದ .
|śrīmatu tāl̤ada .
|-
|2
|ಮಹ ಬಕ್ತ . .
|maha bakta . .
|}

== Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 16th century CE Mandala Inscription ==
It is a very worn-out Kannada inscription, the legible text indicates a grant to the siddas of God (Kalleshwara). A tantric mandala symbol is beside the inscription.<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Mythic Society |url=http://archive.org/details/qjms-vol-113-2-2022-43-undocumented-bengaluru-inscriptions |title=Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (QJMS) VOl 113 2 2022 43 Undocumented Bengaluru Inscriptions |date=April 2022}}</ref> The Inscription was discovered by The Mythic Society Bengaluru Inscription 3D Digital Conservation Project team.

=== Physical characteristics ===
The inscription is inscribed in Kannada language and script. The inscription stone is 103 cm tall & 186 cm wide, while the characters are approximately 6.8 cm tall, 5.3 cm wide & 0.3 cm deep.

=== Transliteration of the Inscription ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Kannada
!IAST
|-
|1
|. . ರ ದೇವರ . .ಸಿದರಿಗೆ
|. . ra devara. .sidarige
|}

== Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 16th century CE Ballabatta Boulder Inscription ==
It is a Kannada inscription dated to 18-July-1531 (Julian). Much of the text is effaced, the legible text indicates a possible land grant by a ballalbatta the god (Kalleshwara).<ref name="AutoHZ-14">{{Cite book |last=The Mythic Society |url=http://archive.org/details/qjms-vol-113-2-2022-43-undocumented-bengaluru-inscriptions |title=Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (QJMS) VOl 113 2 2022 43 Undocumented Bengaluru Inscriptions |date=April 2022}}</ref>

=== Physical characteristics ===
The inscription is inscribed in Kannada language and script. The inscription is 57 cm tall & 117 cm wide, while the characters are approximately 6.6 cm tall, 8.2 cm wide & 0.6 cm deep.

=== Transliteration of the Inscription ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Kannada
!IAST
|-
|1
|o ಖರ ಸಂವತ್ಸರದ ಆಶಡ
|0 khara saṃvatsarada āśaḍa
|-
|2
|o ಸುದ ೫ಲ್ಲು ಬಲ್ಲಬಟ್ಟ
|0 suda 5llu ballabaṭṭa
|-
|3
|o ಯ ದೇವರಿಗೆ ಚುಡಪ ಗ
|0 ya devarigĕ cuḍapa ga
|-
|4
|o ಡ
|0 ḍa
|}

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="350">
File:3D scanning of the Kalya Kalleshwara Temple North Boulder Inscription 03.jpg|3D scanning of the Kalya Kalleshwara Temple North Boulder Inscription
File:Kalya 1368CE Bukkaraya inscription 10.jpg|Kalya 1368CE Bukkaraya inscription
File:Kalya 550CE Inscription.jpg|Kalya 550CE Inscription
File:3D scanning of the Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 16th-century Mahanta Inscription 09.jpg|3D scanning of the Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 16th-century Mahanta Inscription
File:The Kalya 14th-century Mukkode Jina Shloka Inscription.jpg|The Kalya 14th-century Mukkode Jina Shloka Inscription
File:Digital Image of the Kalya 14-16Th Century Ganesha Sculpture 02.png|Digital Image of the Kalya 14-16Th Century Ganesha Sculpture
File:3D scanning of the Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 16th-century Ballabatta Boulder Inscription 07.jpg|3D scanning of the Kalya Kalleshwara Temple 16th-century Ballabatta Boulder Inscription
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Kannada inscriptions]]
*[[Group of temples at Magadi, Karnataka|Historical Monuments of Magadi]]
*[[Early Indian epigraphy]]
*[[History of Bangalore]]
*[[Jainism]]
*[[History of Jainism]]
*[[Jainism in Karnataka]]
*[[Sankighatta|Sankighatta Jain temple]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalya}}
[[Category:Hoysala Kingdom]]
[[Category:Jain temples in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Inscription stones of Bengaluru]]

2019–20 Ranji Trophy

2026-02-19T00:23:04Z

Richa7864:

{{short description|Cricket tournament}}
{{use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 2019–20 Ranji Trophy
| image = Ranji_trophy.jpg
| fromdate = 9 December 2019
| todate = 13 March 2020
| caption = The Ranji Trophy, awarded to the winners
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket]]
| tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]] then [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout]]
| host = {{flag|India}}
| champions = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| count = 1
| participants = 38
| matches = 169
| player of the series =
| most runs = [[Rahul Dalal]] (1,340) (Arunachal Pradesh)
| most wickets = [[Jaydev Unadkat]] (67) (Saurashtra)
| website =
| previous_year = 2018–19
| previous_tournament = 2018–19 Ranji Trophy
| next_year = 2020–21
| next_tournament = 2020–21 Ranji Trophy
}}
{{2019–20 Indian domestic cricket season}}
The '''2019–20 Ranji Trophy''' was the 86th season of the [[Ranji Trophy]], the premier [[first-class cricket]] tournament in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28243739/what-reward-performing-ranji-trophy |title=What is the reward for performing in this Ranji Trophy? |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref> It took place between December 2019 and March 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27100900/ranji-trophy-set-finish-march-syed-mushtaq-ali-trophy-gets-pre-ipl-auction-window |title=Ranji Trophy set to finish in March; Mushtaq Ali T20s gets pre-IPL auction window |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/bcci-announces-domestic-schedule-for-2019-20-season/article28272112.ece# |title=BCCI announces domestic schedule for 2019-20 season |work=Sport Star |access-date=3 July 2019}}</ref> [[Chandigarh cricket team|Chandigarh]] competed in the Ranji Trophy for the first time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-domestic/ranji-trophy/chandigarh-to-make-ranji-debut-in-december/articleshow/70681945.cms |title=Chandigarh to make Ranji debut in December |work=The Times of India |access-date=16 August 2019}}</ref> [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]] were the defending champions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8050/report/1162721/day/5/vidarbha-vs-saurashtra-final-ranji-trophy |title=Aditya Sarwate takes 11, Vidarbha win second straight Ranji Trophy title |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/what-a-success-story-tributes-pour-in-for-ranji-trophy-champions-vidarbha-2028239.html |title='What a Success Story' - Tributes Pour in for Ranji Trophy Champions Vidarbha |work=Network18 Media and Investments Ltd |access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref>

In the opening round of fixtures, Vidarbha's [[Wasim Jaffer]] became the first cricketer to play in 150 matches in the Ranji Trophy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/veteran-opener-wasim-jaffer-historic-feat-ranji-trophy-cricket-vidarbha-vs-andhra-test-player-1626721-2019-12-09 |title=Wasim Jaffer becomes 1st player to play 150 Ranji games |work=India Today |access-date=10 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/wasim-jaffer-makes-record-150th-ranji-appearance/articleshow/72439562.cms |title=Wasim Jaffer makes record 150th Ranji appearance |work=Times of India |access-date=10 December 2019}}</ref> In January 2020, in the round seven match between [[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]], Madhya Pradesh's [[Ravi Yadav (cricketer)|Ravi Yadav]] became the first bowler to take a [[List of hat-tricks in the Ranji Trophy|hat-trick]] in his first over on his debut in a first-class cricket match.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1214490.html |title=Ravi Yadav's unreal record: hat-trick in first over on first-class debut |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=27 January 2020}}</ref> On 12 February 2020, the Plate Group fixture between [[Chandigarh cricket team|Chandigarh]] and [[Manipur cricket team|Manipur]] was the 60,000th first-class cricket match to be played.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28727284/r-ashwin-362-wickets-most-70-tests |title=Are R Ashwin's 362 wickets the most after 70 Tests? |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thecricketer.com/Topics/news/60,000_not_out_landmark_first_class_match_ranji_trophy.html |title=60,000 not out: Landmark first-class match set for Ranji Trophy |work=The Cricketer |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref>

Ahead of the final round of group stage matches, [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]], [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]] and [[Andhra cricket team|Andhra]] had qualified for the quarter-finals, with fourteen teams in contention for the remaining five places.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28669644/14-teams-contention-five-slots |title=Ranji Trophy quarter-final scenarios: 14 teams still in contention for five slots |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref> [[Goa cricket team|Goa]] qualified from the Plate Group, after beating [[Mizoram cricket team|Mizoram]] inside two days.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/goa-storm-into-ranji-trophy-quarters-rout-mizoram-inside-two-days/story-7yMw6PorEuQg4JPwlhs5ZL.html |title=Goa storm into Ranji Trophy quarters, rout Mizoram inside two days |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=13 February 2020}}</ref> Following the final group stage games, [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]] from Group A,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/domestic/ranji-trophy/ranji-trophy-2019-20-bengal-quarterfinals-shahbaz-ahmed-punjab/article30819721.ece |title=Ranji Trophy 2019-20: Shahbaz guides Bengal to quarterfinals |work=SportStar |access-date=15 February 2020}}</ref> [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]] from Group B,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ranji-trophy-bengal-and-karnataka-reach-quarterfinals-delhi-crash-out-1646555-2020-02-14 |title=Ranji Trophy: Bengal and Karnataka reach quarterfinals, Delhi crash out |work=India Today |access-date=15 February 2020}}</ref> [[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team|Jammu & Kashmir]] from Group C,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket-ranji-trophy-group-c-j-k-qualifies-for-quarters-despite-loss-to-haryana-odisha-also-through-589208 |title=Ranji Trophy, Group C: J&K qualifies for quarters despite loss to Haryana; Odisha also through |work=India TV News |access-date=15 February 2020}}</ref> and [[Odisha cricket team|Odisha]], also from Group C, had all qualified for the quarter-finals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/ranji-roundup-odisha-jampk-reach-quarter-finals/1735155 |title=Ranji Roundup: Odisha, J&K reach quarter finals |work=Outlook India |access-date=15 February 2020}}</ref> Bengal, Gujarat, Karnataka and Saurashtra all progressed from the quarter-finals to the semi-finals of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28770524/kl-rahul-available-ranji-trophy-semi-finals-eden-gardens |title=KL Rahul available for Ranji Trophy semi-finals at Eden Gardens |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref>

Bengal reached the final for the first time since the [[2006–07 Ranji Trophy|2006–07 tournament]], after beating Karnataka by 174 runs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8050/report/1203612/day/4/bengal-vs-karnataka-2nd-semi-final-ranji-trophy |title=Majumdar, fast bowlers take Bengal into first Ranji Trophy final since 2006-07 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref> Saurashtra beat Gujarat by 92 runs to advance to the final for the fourth time in the last eight seasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8050/report/1203611/gujarat-vs-saurashtra-1st-semi-final-ranji-trophy |title=Jaydev Unadkat takes Saurashtra into Ranji Trophy final |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref> The final finished in a draw, with Saurashtra winning their maiden title, with a lead in the first innings of the match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/saurashtra-vs-bengal-live-score-ranji-trophy-final-day-5-at-rajkot/story-Ki0mDuKzg1HTf2bUPxpiPP.html |title=Saurashtra vs Bengal live score, Ranji Trophy Final Day 5: Saurashtra win maiden title on first innings lead |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28897714/saurashtra-focus-one-goal-brings-ranji-trophy-home |title=Saurashtra's focus on 'one goal' brings Ranji Trophy home |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref>

==Format==
The tournament retained the same format as the previous edition of the competition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/mushtaq-ali-trophy-to-be-held-ahead-of-ipl-auction-as-bcci-announces-domestic-schedule/articleshow/70058827.cms |title=Mushtaq Ali Trophy to be held ahead of IPL auction as BCCI announces domestic schedule |work=Times of India |access-date=3 July 2019}}</ref> The tournament had four groups, with nine teams each in Groups A, B, and ten teams in Group C and the Plate Group. The top two teams from Group C and the top team in the Plate Group progressed to the quarter-finals of the tournament, along with the top five teams across Groups A and B.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://relaunch-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/documents/5d1b1400c82f1-BCCI%20Domestic.pdf |title=BCCI Domestic Schedule 2019–20 |work=Board of Control for Cricket in India |access-date=3 July 2019 |archive-date=12 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912164935/http://relaunch-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/documents/5d1b1400c82f1-BCCI%20Domestic.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A neutral curator was appointed to select the [[Cricket pitch|wicket]] for each fixture.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/neutral-curators-to-pick-wickets-in-ranji-trophy-2019-20-domestic-season-to-begin-in-august-with-duleep-trophy-874725 |title=Neutral curators to pick wickets in Ranji Trophy, 2019–20 domestic season to begin in August with Duleep Trophy |work=Cricket Country |access-date=5 August 2019}}</ref>

In July 2019, the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) considered the use of the [[Decision Review System]] (DRS) for matches in the knockout section of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/26768351/drs-likely-2019-20-ranji-trophy-season |title=DRS likely in 2019-20 Ranji Trophy season |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 July 2019}}</ref> The BCCI agreed to use a "limited DRS" system, which does not use [[Hawk-Eye]] and UltraEdge.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27214025/ranji-trophy-knockouts-limited-drs |title=Ranji Trophy knockouts to have 'limited DRS' |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 July 2019}}</ref>

==Player transfers==
The following player transfers were approved ahead of the season. The new team, Chandigarh, transferred few players from Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/manan-to-lead-chandigarh-in-vijay-hazare-trophy/836448.html |title=Manan to lead Chandigarh in Vijay Hazare Trophy |work=The Tribune |access-date=22 September 2019}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Player !!From !!To
|-
|[[Stuart Binny]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nagalandpost.com/binny-joins-nagaland-for-ranji-trophy/202911.html |title=Binny joins Nagaland for Ranji Trophy |work=Nagaland Post |access-date=2 September 2019 |archive-date=2 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902072620/http://www.nagalandpost.com/binny-joins-nagaland-for-ranji-trophy/202911.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ||Karnataka || Nagaland
|-
|[[Unmukt Chand]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/unmukt-chand-to-captain-uttarakhand-in-ranji-trophy/article29310429.ece |title=Unmukt Chand to captain Uttarakhand in Ranji Trophy |work=Sport Star |access-date=2 September 2019}}</ref> ||Delhi || Uttarakhand
|-
|[[C. M. Gautam]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/cm-gautam-karnataka-shifts-to-goa-ranji-trophy-2019-20-season-domestic-cricket/article28857555.ece |title=C.M. Gautam to play for Goa in Ranji Trophy |work=Sport Star |access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> || Karnataka || Goa
|-
|[[Arun Karthik]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/kb-arun-karthik-puducherry-ranji-season-kerala-bcci/article29113001.ece |title=Arun Karthik signs up with Puducherry for 2019-20 Ranji season |work=Sport Star |access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref> ||Kerala || Pondicherry
|-
|[[Abrar Kazi]]<ref name="AK">{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/domestic/kb-pawan-abrar-kazi-mizoram-karnataka-ranji-trophy-guest-players/article29260263.ece|title=K.B. Pawan, Abrar Kazi to play for Mizoram |work=Sport Star |access-date=26 August 2019}}</ref> || Nagaland|| Mizoram
|-
|[[Milind Kumar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ranji-trophy-milind-kumar-joins-tripura-sikkim-highest-run-getter/article29262260.ece|title=Parting ways with Sikkim, Milind Kumar joins Tripura |work=Sport Star |access-date=2 August 2019}}</ref> || Sikkim || Tripura
|-
|[[Vinay Kumar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.crictracker.com/vinay-kumar-leaves-karnataka-to-join-puducherry/ |title=Vinay Kumar leaves Karnataka to join Puducherry |work=CricTracker |access-date=24 August 2019}}</ref> || Karnataka || Pondicherry
|-
|[[Shrikant Mundhe]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/stuart-binny-to-turn-out-for-nagaland-this-domestic-season/ |title=Stuart Binny to turn out for Nagaland this domestic season |work=Eastern Mirror |access-date=2 September 2019 |archive-date=12 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912162650/https://easternmirrornagaland.com/stuart-binny-to-turn-out-for-nagaland-this-domestic-season/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> || Maharashtra|| Nagaland
|-
|[[K. B. Pawan]]<ref name="AK"/> || Nagaland|| Mizoram
|-
|[[Malolan Rangarajan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/india-domestic-malolan-rangarajan-returns-to-tamil-nadu-885217 |title=India domestic: Malolan Rangarajan returns to Tamil Nadu |work=Cricket Country |access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref> ||Uttarakhand || Tamil Nadu
|-
|[[Rahil Shah]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportzwiki.com/cricket/unmukt-chand-appointed-uttarakhands-captain-for-first-four-vijay-hazare-trophy-matches |title=Unmukt Chand Appointed Uttarakhand’s Captain For First Four Vijay Hazare Trophy Matches |work=Sportzwiki |access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref>|| Tamil Nadu || Uttarakhand
|-
|[[Yashpal Singh (cricketer)|Yashpal Singh]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/milind-kumar-sikkim-ranji-trophy-team-2019-season/article28868938.ece |title=Ranji Trophy: Milind Kumar parts ways with Sikkim after one season |work=Sportscafe}}</ref>|| Manipur|| Sikkim
|-
|[[Dwaraka Ravi Teja]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportscafe.in/articles/cricket/2019/aug/29/ravi-teja-to-play-for-meghalaya-during-2019-20-season |title=Ravi Teja to represent Meghalaya in 2019/20 season |work=Sportscafe}}</ref>|| Andhra || Meghalaya
|-
|[[Robin Uthappa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/robin-uthappa-kerala-ranji-trophy-2019-20-season/article27699163.ece |title=Ranji Trophy: Robin Uthappa set to play for Kerala |work=Sport Star |access-date=2 July 2019}}</ref> || Saurashtra || Kerala
|}

==Teams==
The teams were placed in the following groups, based on their performance from the previous edition. [[Chandigarh cricket team|Chandigarh]] competed in the tournament for the first time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/domestic/chandigarh-cricket-bcci-domestic-season-ranji-trophy-plate-division-vrv-singh-cricket-news/article29094100.ece|title=Chandigarh to feature in Ranji Trophy with VRV Singh as coach |work=[[Sportstar]] |access-date=16 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bcci.tv/ranji-trophy-2019-20/overview|title=Ranji Trophy 2019-20|work=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]]|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929044826/http://www.bcci.tv/ranji-trophy-2019-20/overview|archive-date=29 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-4}}
'''[[2019–20 Ranji Trophy Group A|Group A]]'''
* [[Andhra cricket team|Andhra]]
* [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
* [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]
* [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
* [[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]
* [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]]
* [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]
* [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]
* [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]

{{col-4}}
'''[[2019–20 Ranji Trophy Group B|Group B]]'''
* [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
* [[Himachal Pradesh cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]]
* [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
* [[Railways cricket team|Railways]]
* [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
* [[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]
* [[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]

{{col-4}}
'''[[2019–20 Ranji Trophy Group C|Group C]]'''
* [[Assam cricket team|Assam]]
* [[Chhattisgarh cricket team|Chhattisgarh]]
* [[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]]
* [[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team|Jammu & Kashmir]]
* [[Jharkhand cricket team|Jharkhand]]
* [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]
* [[Odisha cricket team|Odisha]]
* [[Services cricket team|Services]]
* [[Tripura cricket team|Tripura]]
* [[Uttarakhand cricket team|Uttarakhand]]

{{col-4}}
'''[[2019–20 Ranji Trophy Plate Group|Plate Group]]'''
* [[Arunachal Pradesh cricket team|Arunachal Pradesh]]
* [[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]
* [[Chandigarh cricket team|Chandigarh]]
* [[Goa cricket team|Goa]]
* [[Manipur cricket team|Manipur]]
* [[Meghalaya cricket team|Meghalaya]]
* [[Mizoram cricket team|Mizoram]]
* [[Nagaland cricket team|Nagaland]]
* [[Pondicherry cricket team|Pondicherry]]
* [[Sikkim cricket team|Sikkim]]
{{col-end}}

==League stage==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

===[[2019–20 Ranji Trophy Group A|Group A]]===
{{2019–20 Ranji Trophy Group A}}

{{col-2}}

===[[2019–20 Ranji Trophy Group B|Group B]]===
{{2019–20 Ranji Trophy Group B}}
{{col-end}}

{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

===[[2019–20 Ranji Trophy Group C|Group C]]===
{{2019–20 Ranji Trophy Group C}}

{{col-2}}

===[[2019–20 Ranji Trophy Plate Group|Plate Group]]===
{{2019–20 Ranji Trophy Plate Group}}
{{col-end}}

==Knockout stage==
{{8TeamBracket
| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 125px
| score-width = 125px
| RD3 = Final

| RD1-seed1 = '''A1'''
| RD1-team1 = '''[[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]'''
| RD1-score1 = '''602/8d & 199/6d'''
| RD1-seed2 = P1
| RD1-team2 = [[Goa cricket team|Goa]]
| RD1-score2 = 173 & 164

| RD1-seed3 = '''B2'''
| RD1-team3 = '''[[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]'''
| RD1-score3 = '''419 & 426'''
| RD1-seed4 = A3
| RD1-team4 = [[Andhra cricket team|Andhra]]
| RD1-score4 = 136 & 149/4

| RD1-seed5 = '''B1'''
| RD1-team5 = '''[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]'''
| RD1-score5 = '''206 & 316'''
| RD1-seed6 = C1
| RD1-team6 = {{cr-IND|jak}}
| RD1-score6 = 192 & 163

| RD1-seed7 = '''A2'''
| RD1-team7 = '''[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]'''
| RD1-score7 = '''332 & 373'''
| RD1-seed8 = C2
| RD1-team8 = [[Odisha cricket team|Odisha]]
| RD1-score8 = 250 & 39/0

| RD2-seed1 = A1
| RD2-team1 = [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| RD2-score1 = 252 & 234
| RD2-seed2 = '''B2'''
| RD2-team2 = '''[[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]'''
| RD2-score2 = '''304 & 274'''

| RD2-seed3 = B1
| RD2-team3 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| RD2-score3 = 122 & 177
| RD2-seed4 = '''A2'''
| RD2-team4 = '''[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]'''
| RD2-score4 = '''312 & 161'''

| RD3-seed1 = '''B2'''
| RD3-team1 = '''[[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]'''
| RD3-score1 = '''425 & 105/4'''
| RD3-seed2 = A2
| RD3-team2 = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| RD3-score2 = 381
}}

===Quarter-finals===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 20–24 February 2020
| team1 = [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| team2 = [[Goa cricket team|Goa]]
| round = '''1st Quarter-final'''
| score-team1-inns1 = 602/8[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (161.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Parthiv Patel]] 124 (172)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Felix Alemao]] 3/86 (28 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 173 (57.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Amit Verma (cricketer)|Amit Verma]] 56 (87)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Chintan Gaja]] 5/19 (13.5 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 199/6[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (64.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Samit Gohel]] 72 (151)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Lakshay Garg]] 4/30 (11 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 164 (66.4 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Suyash Prabhudessai]] 66 (135)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Siddharth Desai]] 5/81 (19.4 overs)

| venue = [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium, Valsad|Sardar Vallabhai Patel Stadium]], [[Valsad]]
| toss = Gujarat won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Chirra Ravikanthreddy]] and [[C. K. Nandan]]
| motm = [[Roosh Kalaria]] (Gujarat)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1203607.html Scorecard]
| result = Gujarat won by 464 runs
| notes =
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 20–24 February 2020
| team1 = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| team2 = [[Odisha cricket team|Odisha]]
| round = '''2nd Quarter-final'''
| score-team1-inns1 = 332 (96.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Anustup Majumdar]] 157 (239)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Basant Mohanty]] 4/53 (25.5 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 250 (102.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Debasish Samantray]] 68 (145)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Nilkantha Das]] 3/43 (21 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 373 (138 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Shreevats Goswami]] 78 (134)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Govinda Poddar]] 3/95 (31 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 39/0 (10 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Anurag Sarangi]] 24[[not out|*]] (39)
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| venue = [[DRIEMS Ground]], [[Cuttack]]
| toss = Odisha won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = Sai Darshan Kumar and [[Abhijit Deshmukh (umpire)|Abhijit Deshmukh]]
| motm = [[Anustup Majumdar]] (Bengal)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1203608.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes = [[Kanwar Singh Chohan]] (Odisha) made his first-class debut.
* Bengal advanced to the semi-finals due to a first-innings lead.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/ranji-trophy-bengal-beat-odisha-storm-into-semifinals/articleshow/74282609.cms |title=Ranji Trophy: Bengal beat Odisha, storm into semifinals |work=Times of India |access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 20–24 February 2020
| team1 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| team2 = {{cr-IND|jak}}
| round = '''3rd Quarter-final'''
| score-team1-inns1 = 206 (69.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Krishnamurthy Siddharth]] 76 (189)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Parvez Rasool]] 3/36 (12.1 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 192 (62.4 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Shubham Khajuria]] 62 (155)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Prasidh Krishna]] 4/42 (11.4 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 316 (106.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Krishnamurthy Siddharth]] 98 (177)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Abid Mushtaq]] 6/83 (34.5 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 163 (44.4 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Shubham Pundir]] 31 (59)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Krishnappa Gowtham]] 7/54 (18.4 overs)

| venue = [[Gandhi Memorial Science College Ground]], [[Jammu]]
| toss = Karnataka won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Ulhas Gandhe]] and [[Pashchim Pathak]]
| motm = [[Krishnamurthy Siddharth]] (Karnataka)
| rain = Only six overs were bowled on day 1 and no play was possible on day 2 due to rain.
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1203609.html Scorecard]
| result = Karnataka won by 167 runs
| notes =
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 20–24 February 2020
| team1 = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| team2 = [[Andhra cricket team|Andhra]]
| round = '''4th Quarter-final'''
| score-team1-inns1 = 419 (146.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Chirag Jani (cricketer)|Chirag Jani]] 121 (297)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Prithvi Raj (cricketer)|Prithvi Raj]] 3/51 (20 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 136 (68.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Chengalpet Gnaneshwar]] 43 (166)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Jaydev Unadkat]] 4/42 (18.2 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 426 (138 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Prerak Mankad]] 85 (116)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Jyothi Krishna (cricketer)|Jyothi Krishna]] 4/74 (28 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 149/4 (51 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Srikar Bharat]] 55[[not out|*]] (69)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Prerak Mankad]] 2/8 (7 overs)

| venue = [[CSR Sharma College Ground]], [[Ongole]]
| toss = Andhra won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Nitin Pandit]] and [[Vineet Kulkarni]]
| motm = [[Chirag Jani (cricketer)|Chirag Jani]] (Saurashtra)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1203610.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes = Saurashtra advanced to the semi-finals due to a first-innings lead.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ranji-trophy-2019-20-quarterfinals-live-score-commentary-day-five-jk-karnataka-odisha-bengal-andhra-saurashtra/article30895185.ece |title=Ranji Trophy: Semis line-up - Bengal to meet Karnataka, Saurashtra sets date with Gujarat |work=SportStar |access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref>
}}

===Semi-finals===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 29 February – 4 March 2020
| team1 = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| team2 = [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| round = '''1st Semi-final'''
| score-team1-inns1 = 304 (127.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Sheldon Jackson (cricketer)|Sheldon Jackson]] 103 (204)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Arzan Nagwaswalla]] 5/81 (29 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 252 (87.3 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Rujul Bhatt]] 71 (212)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Jaydev Unadkat]] 3/86 (24 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 274 (98.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Arpit Vasavada]] 139 (230)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Chintan Gaja]] 7/71 (23 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 234 (72.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Chirag Gandhi]] 96 (139)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Jaydev Unadkat]] 7/56 (22.2 overs)

| venue = [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
| toss = Gujarat won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Rohan Pandit]] and [[Sundaram Ravi]]
| motm = [[Arpit Vasavada]] (Saurashtra)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1203611.html Scorecard]
| result = Saurashtra won by 92 runs
| notes =
}}
----
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 29 February – 4 March 2020
| team1 = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| team2 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| round = '''2nd Semi-final'''
| score-team1-inns1 = 312 (92 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Anustup Majumdar]] 149[[not out|*]] (207)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Ronit More]] 3/52 (17 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 122 (36.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Krishnappa Gowtham]] 31 (24)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Ishan Porel]] 5/39 (13 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 161 (54.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Sudip Chatterjee (cricketer)|Sudip Chatterjee]] 45 (94)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Abhimanyu Mithun]] 4/23 (16 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 177 (55.3 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Devdutt Padikkal]] 62 (129)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Mukesh Kumar (cricketer)|Mukesh Kumar]] 6/61 (21 overs)

| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| toss = Karnataka won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Yeshwant Barde]] and [[Krishnamachari Srinivasan]]
| motm = [[Anustup Majumdar]] (Bengal)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1203612.html Scorecard]
| result = Bengal won by 174 runs
| notes =
}}

===Final===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 9–13 March 2020
| team1 = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| team2 = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| round = '''Final'''
| score-team1-inns1 = 425 (171.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Arpit Vasavada]] 106 (287)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Akash Deep]] 4/98 (35 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 381 (161 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Sudip Chatterjee (cricketer)|Sudip Chatterjee]] 81 (241)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Dharmendrasinh Jadeja]] 3/114 (52 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 105/4 (34 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Avi Barot]] 39 (102)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Shahbaz Ahmed (cricketer)|Shahbaz Ahmed]] 2/32 (14 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| venue = [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
| toss = Saurashtra won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]], [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] and [[Yeshwant Barde]]
| motm = [[Arpit Vasavada]] (Saurashtra)
| rain =
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1203613.html Scorecard]
| result = Match drawn
| notes = [[Sudip Kumar Gharami]] (Bengal) made his first-class debut.
* Umpire [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] was injured on the first day of the final and was replaced by [[Yeshwant Barde]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8050/game/1203613/saurashtra-vs-bengal-final-ranji-trophy-2019-20 |title=Umpire officiates from both ends after injury to colleague in Ranji Trophy final |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/_/id/8050/season/2019/ranji-trophy Series home at ESPNcricinfo]

{{Ranji Trophy}}
{{Domestic cricket in 2019–20}}
{{2019–20 in Indian cricket}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ranji Trophy, 2019-20}}
[[Category:2019 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2020 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 2019–20]]
[[Category:Ranji Trophy seasons]]

Winged bean

2026-01-26T13:10:21Z

Richa7864: put up a entry

{{Short description|Species of legume plant}}
{{distinguish|winged pea}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2016}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Winged bean
| image = Psophocarpus_tetragonolobus_Blanco2.293.png
| image_caption = Winged bean flowers, leaves, and seeds
| genus = Psophocarpus
| species = tetragonolobus
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|D.C.]]
}}
The '''winged bean''' ('''''Psophocarpus tetragonolobus'''''), also known as '''{{Transliteration|mis|italic=no|cigarillas}}''', '''Goa bean''', '''four-angled bean''', '''four-cornered bean''', '''manila bean''', '''princess bean''', '''star bean, kamrangi bean, pea''', or '''dragon bean''', is a tropical [[herbaceous]] [[legume]] [[plant]].

Winged bean is widely recognised by consumers and farmers in [[South Asia]] and [[South East Asia]] for its variety of uses and disease resistance. Winged bean is nutrient-rich and all parts of the plant are edible. The [[leaves]] can be eaten like spinach, flowers can be used in salads, tubers can be eaten raw or cooked, and seeds can be used in similar ways as the [[soybean]]. The winged bean is an underutilised species but has the potential to become a major multi-use food crop in the [[tropics]] of Asia, Africa, and Latin America.<ref name="Khan">{{cite book |last=Khan |first=T. |title=Winged Bean Production in the Tropics |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |year=1982 |page=1}}</ref>

== Description ==
The winged bean plant grows as a vine with climbing stems and leaves, {{cvt|3-4|m|ft|abbr=off|frac=2}} in height. It is an [[herb]]aceous [[Perennial plant|perennial]], but can be grown as an [[Annual plant|annual]]. It is generally taller and notably larger than the [[common bean]]. The leaves can be {{cvt|15|cm|abbr=off|frac=4}} long.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants |publisher=[[Skyhorse Publishing]] |others=[[United States Department of the Army]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-60239-692-0 |location=New York |pages=57 |language=en-US |oclc=277203364}}</ref> The shape of its leaves ranges from ovate to deltoid, ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate, and long lanceolate.<ref name="Khan" /> The green tone of the leaves also varies. The stem is most commonly green, but sometimes boasts purple. The large flower is pale blue.

The bean pod may be smooth or rough, depending on the [[genotype]]. It is typically {{cvt|15|–|22|cm|in|frac=2}} long, rectangular in cross-section<ref name=":0" /> (though sometimes appearing flat), and has four wings with frilly edges running lengthwise. The skin is waxy and the flesh partially translucent in the young pods. The colour of the pods may be cream, green, pink, or purple. When fully ripe, the pod turns an ash-brown colour and splits open to release the seeds (beans). The seed shape is often round; oval and rectangular seeds also occur. Seeds may appear white, cream, dark tan, or brown, depending on growing and storage conditions.<ref name="Khan" /> The beans themselves are similar to [[soybean]]s in both use and nutritional content (being 29.8% to 39% protein).

== Taxonomy ==
The winged bean belongs to the genus ''[[Psophocarpus]]'', which is part of the legume family, [[Fabaceae]].<ref name="Khan" /> Species in the ''Psophocarpus'' genus are perennial herbs grown as annuals.<ref name="Hym">{{cite journal |last=Hymowitz |first=T |author2=Boyd, J. |year=1977 |title=Ethnobotany and Agriculture Potential of the Winged Bean |journal=[[Economic Botany]] |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=180–188 |doi=10.1007/bf02866589 |s2cid=5944034|doi-access=free }}</ref> ''Psophocarpus'' species have tuberous roots and pods with wings.<ref name="NRC1975">[[National Research Council (United States)|National Research Council]] (U.S.). (1975). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=K52Gcxkzk4EC Underexploited Tropical Plants with Promising Economic Value]''. 2nd Edition. [[U.S. National Academies]].</ref> They can climb by twining their stems around a support.

== Distribution and habitat ==
Most likely originating from [[New Guinea]],<ref name="Hym" /> the species grows abundantly in the hot, humid [[Equatorial region|equatorial]] countries of [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia]], as well as [[tropical Africa]].<ref name=":0" /> It is widely known in Southeast Asia and [[Papua New Guinea]], but only cultivated on a small scale.<ref name="Khan" />

It tends to be found in open areas and old garden sites, less so in the forest.<ref name=":0" />

== Ecology ==

=== Germination ===
Winged bean is a self-pollinating plant but mutations and occasional outcrossing may produce variations in the species.<ref name="Khan" /> The pretreatment of winged bean seeds is not required in tropical climate, but scarification of seeds has shown to enhance the germination rate of seedlings.<ref name="Khan" /> Seed soaking may also increase speed to germination, as is typical, and may be used in conjunction with scarification. Seedlings under natural field conditions have been reported to emerge between five and seven days.<ref name="Khan" />

Winged bean can grow at least as fast as comparable legumes, including soy. Plants flower 40 to 140 days after sowing.<ref name="Khan" /> Pods reach full-length about two weeks after pollination. Three weeks after pollination, the pod becomes fibrous; after six weeks, mature seeds are ready for harvest.<ref name="NRC1975" /> Tuber development and flower production vary according to genotype and environmental factors. Some winged bean varieties do not produce tuberous roots.<ref name="Khan" /> The winged bean is a tropical plant, and will only flower when the day length is shorter than 12 hours, although some varieties have been reported to be day-length neutral.<ref name="Khan" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Winged Bean |url=http://www.echobooks.org/ProductDetails.asp?ProductCode=s407 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514014132/http://www.echobooks.org/ProductDetails.asp?ProductCode=s407 |archive-date=2014-05-14 |website=www.echobooks.org}}</ref> All varieties of winged bean grow on a vine and must grow over a support. Some examples of support systems include: growing against exterior walls of houses, huts, buildings; supporting against larger perennial trees; stakes placed in the ground vertically; and structures made from posts and wires.<ref name="Khan" />

Because the early growth of winged bean is slow, it is important to maintain weeds. Slow early growth makes winged bean susceptible to weed competition in the first four to six weeks of development.<ref name="Khan" /> Khan (1982) recommends weeding by hand or animal drawn tractor two times before the support system of the winged bean is established.<ref name="Khan" />

Winged bean can be grown without added fertiliser as the plant has a bacterium on the nodules of the roots that fixes nitrogen and allows the plant to absorb nitrogen.<ref name="NRC1975" /> Factors that influence nitrogen fixation include, Rhizobium strain, interactions between strain and host genotype, available nutrients and [[soil pH]].<ref name="Khan" />

=== Growing conditions ===
[[File:WingedBean.jpg|thumb|alt=Four winged bean pods rest in the palm of a man's hand |Winged beans grown in a south-facing, raised compost bed in Alpine, [[New Jersey]], US]]

Although winged bean thrives in hot weather and favours humidity, it is adaptable.<ref name="Khan" /> The plant's ability to grow in heavy rainfall makes it a candidate for the people of the [[Tropical Africa|African tropics]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://villageearth.org/pages/sourcebook/sustainable-agriculture |title= Sustainable Agriculture |date= 2011 |author=  |publisher= Village Earth |access-date=January 26, 2026 |url-status=dead
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180117181456/http://www.villageearth.org/pages/sourcebook/sustainable-agriculture |archive-date= January 17, 2018 }}</ref>

Winged bean production is optimal in humidity, but the species is susceptible to [[moisture stress]] and [[Waterlogging (agriculture)|waterlogging]].<ref name="Khan" /> Ideal growing temperature is 25 °C.<ref name="Khan" /> Lower temperatures suppress germination, and extremely high temperatures inhibit yield.<ref name="Khan" />

Even moderate variations in the growing climate can affect yield. Growing winged bean in lower temperatures can increase tuber production.<ref name="Khan" /> Leaf expansion rate is higher in a warmer climate. For the highest yields, the soil should remain moist throughout the plant's life cycle.<ref name="Khan" /> Although the plant is tropical, it can flourish in a dry climate if irrigated.<ref name="NRC1975" /> If the plant matures during the drier part of the growing season, yields are higher.<ref name="Khan" />

Winged bean is an effective [[cover crop]]; planting it uniform with the ground suppresses weed growth.<ref name="Khan" /> As a restorative crop, winged bean can improve nutrient-poor soil with nitrogen when it is turned over into the soil.<ref name="Khan" />

== Composition ==
=== Nutrition ===

{{nutritional value| name=Winged beans, mature seeds, raw
| kJ=1711
| protein=29.65 g
| fat=16.3 g
| satfat=2.3 g
| monofat=6 g
| polyfat=4.3 g
| carbs=41.7 g
| fiber=25.9 g
| calcium_mg=440
| iron_mg=13.44
| magnesium_mg=179
| phosphorus_mg=451
| potassium_mg=977
| sodium_mg=38
| zinc_mg=4.48
| manganese_mg=3.721
| thiamin_mg=1.03
| riboflavin_mg=0.45
| niacin_mg=3.09
| pantothenic_mg=0.795
| vitB6_mg=0.175
| folate_ug=45
| vitC_mg=0
| vitA_iu=0
| source_usda = 1
| note=[https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/174283/nutrients Link to USDA Database entry]
}}

== Uses ==
=== Culinary ===

The entire winged bean plant is edible. The leaves, flowers, roots, and bean pods can be eaten raw or cooked; the pods are edible even when raw and unripe. The seeds are edible after cooking. Each of these parts contains [[Vitamin A|vitamin A]], [[Vitamin C|vitamin C]], [[calcium]] and [[iron]], among other nutrients. The tender pods, which are the most widely eaten part of the plant, are best when eaten before they exceed {{cvt|2.5|cm|1|frac=2}} in length. They are ready for harvest within three months of planting. The flowers are used to colour rice and pastry. The young leaves can be picked and prepared as a [[leaf vegetable]], similar to spinach.<ref name=":0" />{{Verify source|date=June 2022}}<ref> Axelson, Marta L et al. “Consumption and Use of the Winged Bean by Sri Lankan Villagers.” Ecology of food and nutrition 12.3 (1982): 127–137. Web.</ref> The nutrient-rich, tuberous roots have a nutty flavour. They are about 20% protein; winged bean roots have more protein than many other [[root vegetable]]s.<ref name=NRC1981 /> The leaves and flowers are also high in protein (10–15%).<ref name="NRC1981" />

The seeds are about 35% protein and 18% fat. They require cooking for two to three hours to destroy the [[trypsin inhibitor]]s and [[hemagglutinin]]s that inhibit digestion.<ref name=NRC1981>National Research Council. The winged bean : a high-protein crop for the tropics : report of an ad hoc panel of the Advisory Committee on Technology Innovation. Board on Science and Technology for International Development, 1981</ref> They can be eaten dried or roasted. Dried and ground seeds make a useful flour, and can be brewed to make a [[Coffee substitute|coffee-like drink]].
<gallery>
Image:Japanese_Psophocarpus_tetragonolobus.jpg|Winged bean pods
Image:Wingedbean_roots.JPG|A young Burmese woman sells winged bean roots at a market in [[Mandalay]]
File:Pè myit.jpg|Boiled winged bean roots served as a snack in Burma
File:Sigarilyasjf1338.JPG|''[[Ginataang sigarilyas]]'', a Filipino dish of winged bean (''sigarilyas'') in [[coconut milk]]
</gallery>

The beans are rich not only in protein, but in [[tocopherol]]s (antioxidants that facilitate vitamin-A utilisation in the body).<ref>[[National Research Council (United States)|National Research Council]] (U.S.), 1975</ref> They can be made into milk when blended with water and an [[emulsifier]].<ref name=Yang>{{cite book |author=Yang, J., Tan, H. |title=2011 International Conference on New Technology of Agricultural |chapter=Study on winged bean milk |date=May 2011 |pages=814–817 |doi=10.1109/ICAE.2011.5943916 |isbn=978-1-4244-9574-0 |s2cid=22046459}}</ref> Winged bean milk is similar to [[soy milk]], but without the bean-rich flavour.<ref name=Yang /> The flavour of raw beans is not unlike that of [[asparagus]].

Smoked pods, dried seeds, tubers (cooked and uncooked), and leaves have been sold in domestic markets in South East and South Asia.<ref name=Khan /> Mature seeds can command a high price.<ref name=NRC1975 />
In Nagaland the fruit is eaten raw as salad and called ''charkona'' in the [[Nagamese]] creole. In the [[Angami language]] it is called kedia rücü.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Liezietsu |first=Vizonyü |title=Daru Nhako (Medicinal plants) |publisher=[[Ura Academy]] |year=2020 |isbn=9788190453950 |edition=1st |location=Kohima |pages=78–79 |language=njm}}</ref>

===As animal feed===
Winged bean is a potential food source for ruminants, poultry,<ref name=Khan /> fish, and other livestock.

For [[commercial fish feed]], winged bean is a potentially lower-cost protein source. In Africa, [[fish meal]] is especially scarce and expensive.<ref name=Fag>Fagbenro, A. (1999). Comparative evaluation of heat-processed Winged bean Psophocarpus tetragonolobus meals as partial replacement for fish meal in diets for the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Aquaculture 170 (1999), 297-305.</ref> The [[Clarias gariepinus|African sharptooth catfish]], a highly valued food fish in Africa,<ref name=Fag /> can eat winged bean.
In Papua New Guinea highlands region where winged beans thrive, the husks are fed to domesticated pigs as a dietary supplement.

==See also==
{{Commons category|Psophocarpus tetragonolobus}}
*[[Green bean]]
*[[Ipomoea aquatica|Water spinach]]
*[[Yardlong bean]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

=== Sources ===

*National Research Council. The winged bean : a high-protein crop for the tropics : report of an ad hoc panel of the Advisory Committee on Technology Innovation. Board on Science and Technology for International Development, 1981

==Further reading==
*Venketeswaran, S., M.A.D.L. Dias, and U.V. Weyers. ''The winged bean: A potential protein crop''. p. 445. In: J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.), ''Advances in new crops''. Timber Press, Portland, OR (1990).
*[https://www.leafforlife.org/gen/psophocarpus.html Entry for the Winged Bean in the "Leaf for Life" website]
*{{cite journal |last1=Verdcourt |first1=B. |last2=Halliday |first2=P. |year=1978 |title=A revision of ''Psophocarpus'' (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae-Phaseoleae) |journal=Kew Bulletin |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=191–227 |doi=10.2307/4109575 |jstor=4109575|bibcode=1978KewBu..33..191V }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Kadam |first1=S.S. |last2=Lawande |first2=K.M. |last3=Naikare |first3=S.M. |last4=Salunkhe |first4=D.K. |year=1981 |title=Nutritional aspects of winged bean (''Psophocarpus tetragonolobus'' L.DC) |journal=Legume Research |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=33–42}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Smartt |first1=J |year=1984 |title=Gene pools in grain legumes |journal=Economic Botany |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=24–35 |doi=10.1007/bf02904413 |bibcode=1984EcBot..38...24S |s2cid=24451884}}
*Hettiarachchy, N.S. and Sri Kantha, S. Nutritive value of winged bean, ''Psophocarpus tetragonolobus''. ''Nutrisyon'' (Philippines), 1982; 7: 40–51.
*Sri Kantha, S. and Erdman, J.W.Jr. Winged bean as an oil and protein source; a review. ''Journal of American Oil Chemists Society'', 1984; 61: 215–225.
*Sri Kantha, S. and Erdman, J.W.Jr. Is winged bean really a flop? ''Ecology of Food and Nutrition'', 1986; 18: 339–341.
*National Research Council (U.S). (1975). Underexploited Tropical Plants with Promising Economic Value. 2nd Edition. U.S. National Academies.
*[http://www.nhbs.com/plant_resources_of_tropical_africa_volume_2_tefno_138981.html G. J. H. Grubben. (2004). Vegetables: Volume 2 of Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. PROTA]
*[https://villageearth.org/sustainable-agriculture/ Village Earth. (2011). Appropriate Technology: Sustainable Agriculture. Appropriate Technology Library. Chapter: Tropical Legumes]
*Yang, J., Tan, H. (2011). Winged Bean Milk. International Conference on New Technology of Agricultural, May 2011, 814–817.
*Khan, T. Winged Bean Production in the Tropics. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1982
*{{cite journal |last1=Hymowitz |first1=T. |last2=Boyd |first2=J. |year=1977 |title=Origin, Ethnobotany and Agriculture Potential of the Winged Bean - ''Psophocarpus tetragonolobus'' |journal=Economic Botany |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=180–188 |doi=10.1007/bf02866589 |s2cid=5944034|doi-access=free |bibcode=1977EcBot..31..180H }}
*Fagbenro, A. (1999). Comparative evaluation of heat-processed Winged bean Psophocarpus tetragonolobus meals as partial replacement for fish meal in diets for the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Aquaculture 170 (1999), 297–305.

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1468260}}

[[Category:Crops originating from Asia]]
[[Category:Edible legumes]]
[[Category:Leaf vegetables]]
[[Category:Phaseoleae]]
[[Category:Root vegetables]]
[[Category:Tropical agriculture]]
[[Category:Nitrogen-fixing crops]]
[[Category:Flora of Nagaland]]

Aruna Balraj

2026-01-19T04:23:42Z

Richa7864: refine citations and improved wording per standard format

{{Short description|Indian film actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox artist
| image =
| years_active = 2004{{Endash}}present
| occupation = Actress
}}
'''Aruna Balaraj''' is an Indian actress in the [[Kannada film industry]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/iruvudellava-bittu-review-family-entertainer-contemporary-twist-88747 |title='Iruvudellava Bittu' review: A family entertainer with a contemporary twist |website=thenewsminute.com |date=21 September 2018 |publisher=[[The News Minute]] |location=India |access-date=29 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205132044/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/iruvudellava-bittu-review-family-entertainer-contemporary-twist-88747 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/apr/29/heres-introducing-venkata-krishna-gubbi-and-purple-priya-1970333.html |title=Here's introducing Venkata Krishna Gubbi and Purple Priya |work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=29 April 2019 |location=India |access-date=29 August 2019 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012004202/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/apr/29/heres-introducing-venkata-krishna-gubbi-and-purple-priya-1970333.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Cinema-Suddi-Smile-Please-concludes-filming-Madha-Mathu-Manasi-for-June-release/article14304558.ece |title=Cinema Suddi: Smile Please concludes filming, Madha Mathu Manasi for June release |last=K |first=B. |date=6 May 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=India |access-date=29 August 2019 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012004205/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Cinema-Suddi-Smile-Please-concludes-filming-Madha-Mathu-Manasi-for-June-release/article14304558.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2018/aug/18/ayogya-movie-review--rom-com-with-perfect-rural-touch-1859148.html |title='Ayogya' movie review: Rom-com with perfect rural touch |work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=18 August 2018 |location=India |access-date=29 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027202904/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2018/aug/18/ayogya-movie-review--rom-com-with-perfect-rural-touch-1859148.html |archive-date=27 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Some of the notable films of Aruna Balraj as an actress include ''[[Naayi Neralu]]'' (2006), ''[[Ambari (film)|Ambari]]'' (2009), ''[[Raja Huli]]'' (2013) and ''[[Gubbi Mele Brahmastra|Gubbi Mele Bramhastra]]'' (2019).

==Career==
Aruna Balraj has been a part of more than 100 films in [[Kannada]].

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Movies
!Role
!Notes
|-
|2004
|''[[Bisi Bisi]]''
|
|
|-
|2006
|''[[Naayi Neralu]]''
|
|
|-
|2007
|''[[Naanu Neenu Jodi]]''
|
|
|-
|2008
|''[[Moggina Jade]]''
|
|
|-
|2008
|''[[Gaja (film)|Gaja]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2009
|''[[Ambari (film)| Ambari]]''
|Saro's mother
|
|-
|''Bagi''
|
|
|-
|''[[Circus (2009 film)|Circus]]''
|Dhanush's mother
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2010
|''[[Samagama]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Naanu Nanna Kanasu]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Gandedhe]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Kiccha Huccha]]''
|
|
|-
|2011
|''[[Kote_(film)|Kote]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2012
|''[[Chingari_(2012_film)|Chingari]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Olavina Ole]]''
|
|
|-
|''Thalana''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2013
|''[[Ziddi_(2013_film)|Jiddi]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Bangari (2013 film)|Bangari]]''
|
|
|-
|''Ambara''
|
|
|-
|''[[Raja Huli]]''
|Rajahuli's Mother
|
|-
|''Chitramandiradali''
|
|
|-
|''Dil Kush''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2014
|''[[Mr. and Mrs. Ramachari]]''
|Ramachari's mother
|
|-
|[[Rose (2014 film)|''Rose'']]
|
|
|-
|''Usirigintha''
|
|
|-
|''Churu Kumara''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2017
|''[[Operation Alamelamma]]''
|Alamelamma
|
|-
|''[[Raajakumara]]''
|
|
|-
|[[Smile Please (2017 film)|''Smile Please'']]
|Gauri
|
|-
|''[[Athiratha]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |2018
| ''[[Ramadhanya]]'' || ||
|-
|''Trunk''
|
|
|-
|''[[Katheyondu Shuruvagide]]''
|Radha
|
|-
|''[[Vaasu Naan Pakka Commercial]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Rajaratha]]''
|Abhi-Vishwas's Mother
|
|-
|''[[Ayogya (2018 film)|Ayogya]]''
|Bhagyamma
|
|-
|''[[Iruvudellava Bittu]]''
|Poorvi's mother
|
|-
|''[[Naduve Antaravirali]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2019
|''[[Birbal Trilogy Case 1: Finding Vajramuni]]''
|Sumitra
|
|-
|[[Lambodara (film)|''Lambodara'']]
|Lambodara's mother
|
|-
|''[[Sinnga (film)|Sinnga]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Vishnu Circle]]''
|Pramila
|
|-
|''[[Gubbi Mele Brahmastra]]''
|Rukmini Gubbi
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
|''Maduve Madri Sari Hogtane''
|
|
|-
|[[Gentleman (2020 film)|''Gentleman'']]
|Tapasswini's mother
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2021
|''[[Yuvarathnaa]]''
|
|
|-
|''Kalavida''
|
|
|-
|''[[Ninna Sanihake]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="9" |2022
|''[[Coffee with Kadhal]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Shokiwala]]''
|Tayavva
|
|-
|''[[Hope (2022 film)|Hope]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Dear Sathya]]''
|
|-
|''[[Thurthu Nirgamana]]''
|Vikram's Mother
|-
|''[[One Cut Two Cut]]''
|Hindi Teacher
|
|-
|[[Old Monk (film)|''Old Monk'']]
|Appanna's mother
|
|-
|''[[Critical Keerthanegalu]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Shubhamangala (2022 film)|Shubhamangala]]'' || ||
|-
|2023
|''[[Chow Chow Bath]]''
|Sunitha
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2024
|''[[Ondu Sarala Prema Kathe]]''
|Athishay's Mother
|
|-
|''[[O2 (Kannada film)|O2]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Pepe (2024 Indian film)|Pepe]]''
|Sunitha
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Vinay Rajkumar's 'Pepe' trailer unveils a raw and riveting saga; release date announced |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Aug/20/vinay-rajkumars-pepe-trailer-unveils-a-raw-and-riveting-saga-release-date-announced |work=The New Indian Express |date=9 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
|''[[Andondittu Kaala]]''
|Kumara's mother
|
|-
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Film
! Category
! Result
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2012
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Karnataka State Film Awards]]
| style="text-align:left;"| ''[[Olavina Ole]]''
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{won}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/list-of-state-film-award-winners-2012/articleshow/40870457.cms |title=Tallanna: List of State Film Award Winners {{!}} Kannada Movie News - Times of India |website=The Times of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315163352/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/List-of-State-Film-Award-Winners-2012/articleshow/40870457.cms |archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[65th Filmfare Awards South|2017]]
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Filmfare Awards South]]
| style="text-align:left;"| ''[[Operation Alamelamma]]''
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Kannada|Best Supporting Actress]]
| {{Won}}
|}

==See also==
{{Portal bar|India|Bollywood}}
*[[List of people from Karnataka]]
*[[Kannada cinema|Cinema of Karnataka]]
*[[List of Indian film actresses]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|8701922|Aruna Balraj}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Balraj, Aruna}}
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kannada actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Karnataka State Film Award winners]]
{{India-film-actor-stub}}

Outram Island

2025-12-31T23:39:41Z

Richa7864: made initial article from scratch

{{Short description|Indian island}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox islands
| name =
| native_name =
| native_name_link =
| native_name_lang =
| sobriquet = Sir James Outram Island
| image_name =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| map = India Andaman and Nicobar Islands
| map_caption = Location of Outram Island
| coordinates = {{coord|12.23|N|93.08|E|region:IN-AN_type:isle_dim:50000_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}
| etymology =
| location = [[Bay of Bengal]]
| archipelago = [[Andaman Islands]]
| waterbody = [[Indian Ocean]]
| area_km2 = 13.9
| area_footnotes = <ref name="cit">{{cite web|url=http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf|title=Islandwise Area and Population - 2011 Census|publisher=Government of Andaman|access-date=9 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828015509/http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf|archive-date=28 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| rank =
| length_km = 6
| width_km = 4.3
| coastline_km = 25.9
| elevation_m = 0
| elevation_footnotes =
| highest_mount =
| country = {{flag|India}}
| country_admin_divisions_title = [[List of districts in India#Andaman and Nicobar (AN)|District]]
| country_admin_divisions = [[South Andaman district|South Andaman]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = [[Island group]]
| country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Andaman Islands]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_2 = Island sub-group
| country_admin_divisions_2 = [[Ritchie's Archipelago]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_3 = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsil]]
| country_admin_divisions_3 = [[Port Blair|Port Blair Tehsil]]
| population = 0
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_rank =
| population_rank_max =
| density_km2 =
| density_rank =
| density_footnotes =
| ethnic_groups =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 744202<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.india-codes.com/pincodes/a-n-islands-pin-code |title=A&N Islands - Pincodes |date=22 September 2016 |accessdate=22 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323224041/http://www.india-codes.com/pincodes/a-n-islands-pin-code |archivedate=23 March 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 031927 <ref name="allcodesindia">{{cite web|url=http://allcodesindia.in/stdcode/andaman+and+nicobar.php|publisher=allcodesindia.in|title=STD Codes of Andaman and Nicobar|accessdate=2016-09-23|archive-date=17 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017043815/http://allcodesindia.in/stdcode/andaman%2Band%2Bnicobar.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|http://www.and.nic.in/}}
| iso_code_type = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|ISO code]]
| iso_code = IN-AN-00<ref>Registration Plate Numbers added to ISO Code</ref>
}}
'''Outram Island''' is an island of the [[Andaman Islands]]. It belongs to the [[South Andaman district|South Andaman]] administrative [[Districts of India|district]], part of the [[India]]n [[union territory]] of [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]].<ref name="census">{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-VillageDirectory/Directory/short_code_rural_35.pdf|title=Village Code Directory: Andaman & Nicobar Islands|publisher=Census of India|accessdate=2011-01-16}}</ref>
It is {{convert|72|km|0|abbr=on}} northeast from [[Port Blair]].

==Etymology==
Outram is named after [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant-general]] [[Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet|James Outram]].

==Geography==
The island belongs to the [[Ritchie's Archipelago]] and is located west of [[North Passage Island, Rangat]].

==Administration==
Politically, Outram Island is part of [[Port Blair]] [[Tehsils of India|Taluk]].<ref name="and">{{cite web |url=http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf |publisher=andssw1.and.nic.in |title=DEMOGRAPHIC – A&N ISLANDS |accessdate=2016-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828015509/http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf |archive-date=28 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Demographics ==
The island is uninhabited.
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Portal|India|Islands}}
*{{wikivoyage-inline|Ritchie's Archipelago}}
{{South Andaman district |state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Outram Island}}
[[Category:Ritchie's Archipelago]]
[[Category:Islands of South Andaman district]]
[[Category:Islands of the Andaman Sea]]
[[Category:Uninhabited islands of India]]
[[Category:Islands of India]]
[[Category:Islands of the Bay of Bengal]]

{{AndamanNicobar-geo-stub}}

Indian cricket team in England in 2025

2025-12-18T03:00:27Z

Richa7864: put up a stub!

{{Short description|International cricket tour}}
{{distinguish|India women's cricket team in England in 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox cricket tour
| series_name = Indian cricket team in England in 2025
| other_titles = [[Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy]]
| team1_image = Flag of England.svg
| team1_name = England
| team2_image = Flag of India.svg
| team2_name = India
| from_date = 20 June
| to_date = 4 August 2025
| team1_captain = [[Ben Stokes]]{{efn|[[Ollie Pope]] captained England in the 5th Test.}}
| team2_captain = [[Shubman Gill]]
| no_of_tests = 5
| team1_tests_won = 2
| team2_tests_won = 2
| team1_tests_most_runs =
[[Joe Root]] (537)
| team2_tests_most_runs = [[Shubman Gill]] (754)
| team1_tests_most_wickets = [[Josh Tongue]] (19)
| team2_tests_most_wickets = [[Mohammed Siraj]] (23)
| player_of_test_series = [[Harry Brook]] (Eng) [[Shubman Gill]] (Ind)
}}

The [[India national cricket team|India cricket team]] toured England from June to August 2025 to play the [[England cricket team]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/england-to-host-india-men-and-women-tours-in-2025-1448317 |title=England to host India Men and Women tours in 2025 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=23 August 2024}}</ref> The tour consisted of five [[Test cricket|Test]] matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/england-reveal-blockbuster-schedule-for-2025-summer |title=England reveal blockbuster schedule for 2025 summer |work=[[International Cricket Council]] |date=22 August 2024 |access-date=23 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/131378/leeds-to-host-england-india-test-series-opener-in-2025 |title=Leeds to host England-India Test series opener in 2025 |work=[[Cricbuzz]] |date=22 August 2024 |access-date=23 August 2024}}</ref> The series formed part of the [[2025–2027 World Test Championship|2025–2027 ICC World Test Championship]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/india-tour-of-england-test-series-2025-schedule-dates-and-venues-2586256-2024-08-22 |title=India to kickstart new WTC cycle with 5-Test series in England in 2025 |work=[[India Today]] |date=22 August 2024 |access-date=23 August 2024}}</ref> In August 2024, the [[England and Wales Cricket Board]] (ECB) confirmed the fixtures for the tour, as a part of the 2025 home international season.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecb.co.uk/news/4089748/england-men-and-women-2025-summer-international-fixtures-revealed |title=England Men and Women 2025 summer international fixtures revealed |website=[[England and Wales Cricket Board]] |access-date=23 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12173/13200990/england-men-and-women-to-play-india-and-west-indies-in-2025-home-summer-full-schedule |title=England men and women to play India and West Indies in 2025 home summer – full schedule |work=[[Sky Sports]] |access-date=23 August 2024}}</ref>

The [[Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy]], honouring [[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]] and [[Sachin Tendulkar]], was awarded to the winner of the series.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India, England to now play for the Tendulkar-Anderson trophy |url=https://ddnews.gov.in/en/india-england-to-now-play-for-the-tendulkar-anderson-trophy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250717221421/https://ddnews.gov.in/en/india-england-to-now-play-for-the-tendulkar-anderson-trophy/ |archive-date=17 July 2025 |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=ddnews.gov.in |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref> Initiated by Sachin Tendulkar, with the support of the BCCI and ECB, the Pataudi Medal of Excellence was a newly introduced award for the winning captain of the Test series.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Wanted to keep Pataudi legacy alive' – how Tendulkar helped in creating Pataudi medal |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sachin-tendulkar-helped-create-pataudi-medal-for-winning-captain-of-india-vs-england-test-series-1490913 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622104714/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sachin-tendulkar-helped-create-pataudi-medal-for-winning-captain-of-india-vs-england-test-series-1490913 |archive-date=22 June 2025 |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Squads==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:auto"
|-
!{{cr|ENG}}<ref>{{cite web |access-date=26 June 2025 |title=England add Jofra Archer to squad for second Test against India |url=https://www.ecb.co.uk/news/4296952/england-add-jofra-archer-to-squad-for-second-test-against-india |work=[[England and Wales Cricket Board]]}}</ref>
!{{cr|IND}}<ref>{{cite web |access-date=24 May 2025 |title=India's squad (Senior Men's) for England Test series announced |url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/rs5Qu1IX |work=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[Ben Stokes]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Ollie Pope]] ([[Captain (cricket)#vice-captain|vc]])
* [[Jofra Archer]]
* [[Gus Atkinson]]
* [[Shoaib Bashir]]
* [[Jacob Bethell]]
* [[Harry Brook]]
* [[Brydon Carse]]
* [[Sam Cook (cricketer, born 1997)|Sam Cook]]
* [[Zak Crawley]]
* [[Liam Dawson]]
* [[Ben Duckett]]
* [[Jamie Overton]]
* [[Joe Root]]
* [[Jamie Smith (cricketer)|Jamie Smith]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Josh Tongue]]
* [[Chris Woakes]]
|
* [[Shubman Gill]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Rishabh Pant]] ([[Captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]], [[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Jasprit Bumrah]]
* [[Akash Deep]]
* [[Abhimanyu Easwaran]]
* [[Ravindra Jadeja]]
* [[Narayan Jagadeesan]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]]
* [[Dhruv Jurel]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Anshul Kamboj]]
* [[Prasidh Krishna]]
* [[Karun Nair]]
* [[KL Rahul]]
* [[Harshit Rana]]
* [[Nitish Kumar Reddy]]
* [[Arshdeep Singh (cricketer)|Arshdeep Singh]]
* [[Mohammed Siraj]]
* [[Sai Sudharsan]]
* [[Washington Sundar]]
* [[Shardul Thakur]]
* [[Kuldeep Yadav]]
|}

On 17 June, [[Harshit Rana]] was added into the Indian squad for the first Test.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=17 June 2025 |title=Squad Update: Harshit Rana links up with Team India for first Test in Leeds |url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/UrFP8JfF |work=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]}}</ref> Harshit Rana was released from the Indian squad, and did not travel with India for the second Test.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-pacer-sent-home-after-defeat-to-england-in-first-test-he-will-have-to-fly-back-101750861526277.html |title=India pacer sent home after defeat to England in first Test: 'He will have to fly back' |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=28 June 2025}}</ref> On 20 July, [[Anshul Kamboj]] was added into the squad as a backup pacer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/eng-vs-ind-4th-test-akash-deep-arshdeep-singh-injured-anshul-kamboj-called-up-as-cover-1495995 |title=Akash Deep, Arshdeep likely out of fourth Test; Kamboj called-up as cover |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=20 July 2025}}</ref> On 21 July, [[Nitish Kumar Reddy]] was ruled out of the remainder match due to an injury in his left knee and [[Arshdeep Singh (cricketer)|Arshdeep Singh]] was ruled out of the fourth test due to an injury to his left thumb.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/Nw2woCaq |title=Squad Update: Nitish Kumar Reddy ruled out of the series. Arshdeep Singh ruled out of fourth Test |work=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] |access-date=21 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/eng-vs-ind-test-series-knee-injury-threatens-to-cut-short-nitish-kumar-reddy-england-tour-1496029 |title=Knee injury rules Nitish Reddy out of England tour, Arshdeep out of fourth Test |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=21 July 2025}}</ref> On 22 July, [[Akash Deep]] was ruled out of the fourth test due to a groin injury.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/eng-vs-ind-injured-akash-deep-ruled-out-of-fourth-test-1496193 |title=Injured Akash Deep ruled out of Manchester Test |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=22 July 2025}}</ref> During the fourth Test, [[Rishabh Pant]] fractured his foot and was ruled out of the series, later [[Narayan Jagadeesan]] was named as his replacement.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/T6TxbOBe |title=Rishabh Pant ruled out of fifth Test due to injury; N Jagadeesan named replacement |work=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] |access-date=28 July 2025}}</ref>

On 26 June, [[Jofra Archer]] was added into the England squad for the second Test but was not included for the 5th test.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecb.co.uk/news/4296952/england-add-jofra-archer-to-squad-for-second-test-against-india |title=England add Jofra Archer to squad for second Test against India |work=[[England and Wales Cricket Board]] |access-date=26 June 2025}}</ref> On 6 July, [[Gus Atkinson]] was added to the squad for the third Test.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=6 July 2025 |title=England add Gus Atkinson to squad for third Test against India |url=https://www.ecb.co.uk/news/4304293/england-add-gus-atkinson-to-squad-for-third-test-against-india |work=[[England and Wales Cricket Board]]}}</ref> On 14 July, [[Shoaib Bashir]] was ruled out of the remainder of the series due to sustaining a fracture to a finger in his left hand,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/135019/bashir-ruled-out-of-remainder-of-anderson-tendulkar-trophy-2025 |title=Bashir ruled out of remainder of Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy 2025 |work=[[Cricbuzz]] |access-date=14 July 2025}}</ref> with [[Liam Dawson]] named as his replacement.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=15 July 2025 |title=England name Bashir’s replacement for fourth India Test |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/england-name-bashir-s-replacement-for-fourth-india-test |work=[[International Cricket Council]]}}</ref> Meanwhile [[Sam Cook (cricketer, born 1997)|Sam Cook]] and [[Jamie Overton]] were released to their respective counties to play in the [[2025 County Championship|County Championship]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecb.co.uk/news/4305825/england-men-name-squad-for-4th-rothesay-test-against-india |title=England Men name squad for 4th Rothesay Test against India |work=[[England and Wales Cricket Board]] |access-date=18 July 2025}}</ref> However, later Overton was recalled back in the squad for the fifth Test.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=28 July 2025 |title=Jamie Overton added to England squad for fifth Test against India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/jamie-overton-added-england-squad-fifth-test-1497140 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref> On 30 July, [[Ben Stokes]] was ruled out of the fifth Test due to a right shoulder injury, and [[Ollie Pope]] named as captain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/eng-vs-ind-the-oval-injured-ben-stokes-out-of-fifth-test-jofra-archer-and-brydon-carse-rested-1497319 |title=Injured Stokes out of fifth Test against India, England rest Archer and Carse |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref>

==Tour matches==
{{Infobox cricket series
|series=India A tour of England 2025
|partof=India tour of England 2025
|date=30 May – 9 June 2025
|place={{flagicon|ENG}} [[England]]
|team1={{flagdeco|ENG}} [[England Lions cricket team|England Lions]]
|team2={{flagdeco|IND}} [[India A cricket team|India A]]
|captain1= [[James Rew]]
|captain2= [[Abhimanyu Easwaran]]
|result = 2 match series drawn 0–0
|runs1 = [[Tom Haines]] (232)
|runs2 = [[Karun Nair]] (259)
|wickets1 = [[Chris Woakes]] (5) [[George Hill (cricketer)|George Hill]] (5)
|wickets2 = [[Anshul Kamboj]] (5)
}}

===Squads===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:auto"
|-
!{{flagdeco|ENG}} [[England Lions cricket team|England Lions]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Chris Woakes named in 15-player England Lions squad to face India A |url=https://www.ecb.co.uk/news/4270402/chris-woakes-named-in-15player-england-lions-squad-to-face-india-a|access-date=21 May 2025 |website=[[England Cricket Board]]}}</ref>
!{{flagdeco|IND}} [[India A cricket team|India A]]<ref>{{cite web |title=India A's squad for tour of England announced |url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/TPQwyUPr |access-date=16 May 2025 |work=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[James Rew]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]], [[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Farhan Ahmed (English cricketer)|Farhan Ahmed]]
* [[Rehan Ahmed]]
* [[Sonny Baker]]
* [[Jordan Cox (cricketer)|Jordan Cox]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Ajeet Singh Dale]]
* [[Rocky Flintoff]]
* [[Emilio Gay]]
* [[Tom Haines]]
* [[George Hill (cricketer)|George Hill]]
* [[Josh Hull (cricketer)|Josh Hull]]
* [[Eddie Jack]]
* [[Ben McKinney]]
* [[Dan Mousley]]
* [[Chris Woakes]]
|
* [[Abhimanyu Easwaran]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Dhruv Jurel]] ([[Captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]], [[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Khaleel Ahmed]]
* [[Akash Deep]]
* [[Tushar Deshpande]]
* [[Harsh Dubey]]
* [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]]
* [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]]
* [[Anshul Kamboj]]
* [[Sarfaraz Khan (cricketer)|Sarfaraz Khan]]
* [[Ishan Kishan]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Tanush Kotian]]
* [[Mukesh Kumar (cricketer)|Mukesh Kumar]]
* [[Karun Nair]]
* [[KL Rahul]]
* [[Harshit Rana]]
* [[Nitish Kumar Reddy]]
* [[Manav Suthar]]
* [[Shardul Thakur]]
|}

=== 1st unofficial Test ===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 30 May – 2 June 2025
| team1 = [[India A cricket team|India A]] {{flagdeco|IND}}
| team2 = {{flagdeco|ENG}} [[England Lions cricket team|England Lions]]

| score-team1-inns1 = 557 (125.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Karun Nair]] 204 (281)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Josh Hull (cricketer)|Josh Hull]] 3/72 (20 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 587 (145.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Tom Haines]] 171 (279)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Mukesh Kumar (cricketer)|Mukesh Kumar]] 3/92 (25 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 241/2 (41 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Abhimanyu Easwaran]] 68 (87)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Rehan Ahmed]] 2/41 (12 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| result = Match drawn
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1486333.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[St Lawrence Ground]], [[Canterbury]]
| umpires = [[Tom Lungley]] (Eng) and [[James Middlebrook]] (Eng)
| motm =
| toss = England Lions won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Eddie Jack]] (England Lions) made his first-class debut.
* [[Dan Mousley]] (England Lions) scored his maiden [[Century (cricket)|century]] in first-class cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-a-in-england-2025-1486324/england-lions-vs-india-a-1st-unofficial-test-1486333/match-report-3 |title=Haines, Mousley and Holden make India A toil in Canterbury |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wisden.com/series/england-vs-india-m-2025/cricket-news/england-lions-india-a-day-three-report-haines-holden-mousely |title=England Lions vs India A, day three report: Haines, Holden, Mousley star on another day of runs |work=Wisden |date=June 2025 |access-date=2 June 2025}}</ref>
}}

=== 2nd unofficial Test ===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 6–9 June 2025
| team1 = [[India A cricket team|India A]] {{flagdeco|IND}}
| team2 = {{flagdeco|ENG}} [[England Lions cricket team|England Lions]]

| score-team1-inns1 = 348 (89.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[KL Rahul]] 116 (168)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Chris Woakes]] 3/60 (20 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 327 (89 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Emilio Gay]] 71 (117)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Khaleel Ahmed]] 4/70 (19 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 417/7[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (92 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Tanush Kotian]] 90[[not out|*]] (108)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[George Hill (cricketer)|George Hill]] 3/64 (20 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 32/3 (11 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Ben McKinney]] 16[[not out|*]] (30)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Anshul Kamboj]] 2/6 (3 overs)

| result = Match drawn
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1486334.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[County Cricket Ground, Northampton|County Ground]], [[Northampton]]
| umpires = [[David Millns]] (Eng) and Surendiran Shanmugam (Eng)
| motm =
| toss = England Lions won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

== Test series ==
===1st Test===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 20–24 June 2025
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|ENG}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 471 (113 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Shubman Gill]] 147 (227)

| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Ben Stokes]] 4/66 (20 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 465 (100.4 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Ollie Pope]] 106 (137)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Jasprit Bumrah]] 5/83 (24.4 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 364 (96 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[KL Rahul]] 137 (247)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Josh Tongue]] 3/72 (18 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 373/5 (82 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Ben Duckett]] 149 (170)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Shardul Thakur]] 2/51 (10 overs)

| result = England won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1448349.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Headingley Cricket Ground|Headingley]], [[Leeds]]
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[Paul Reiffel]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Ben Duckett]] (Eng)
| toss = England won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Sai Sudharsan]] (Ind) made his Test debut.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/sai-sudharsan-debut-test-included-india-xi-headingley-test/article69716931.ece |title=ENG vs IND: Sai Sudharsan makes Test debut for India at Headingley |work=[[Sportstar]] |date=20 June 2025 |access-date=20 June 2025}}</ref>
* [[Shubman Gill]] captained India for the [[List of India national cricket captains#Test|first time in Tests]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-tour-of-england/ind-vs-eng-shubman-gills-captaincy-debut-a-look-at-how-past-indian-skippers-fared/articleshow/121955739.cms |title=IND vs ENG: Shubman Gill's captaincy debut – A look at how past Indian skippers fared |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 June 2025 |access-date=20 June 2025}}</ref>
* Shubman Gill (Ind) scored his 2,000th run in Tests.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=20 June 2025 |title=Ind vs Eng 1st Test: Shubman Gill slams century on captaincy debut, enters elite club |url=https://www.mid-day.com/sports/cricket/article/ind-vs-eng-1st-test-captain-shubman-gill-leads-from-front-with-sublime-test-ton-23574534 |work=Mid-Day|date=20 June 2025 }}</ref>
* [[Rishabh Pant]] (Ind) scored his 3,000th run in Tests, becoming the leading Asian wicketkeeper in [[Glossary of cricket terms#SENA|SENA countries]] and the Indian wicketkeeper with the most Test centuries (7), both surpassing [[MS Dhoni]] and most sixes (62) by an Indian in the WTC, surpassing [[Rohit Sharma]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=20 June 2025 |title=ENG vs IND: Rishabh Pant becomes second Indian wicketkeeper to 3000 Test runs after MS Dhoni |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/rishabh-pant-3000-test-runs-ms-dhoni-second-indian-india-vs-england-eng-v-india-1st-test/article69718956.ece |work=Sportstar|date=20 June 2025 }}</ref>
* [[Jasprit Bumrah]] (Ind) held the record for the highest number of Test wickets in SENA nations by any Asian bowler and equalled [[Kapil Dev]]’s away five-wicket haul tally.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=21 June 2025 |title=Jasprit Bumrah breaks Wasim Akram's mind-boggling record, proves why he's second to none |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/jasprit-bumrah-proves-why-he-is-second-to-none-eclipses-wasim-akram-to-achieve-mind-boggling-sena-record-101750521055809.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=21 June 2025 }}</ref>
* [[Chris Woakes]] (Eng) scored his 2,000th run in Tests.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=22 June 2025 |title=Headingley Ashes snub looks puzzling with yet more magic on cards |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2025/06/22/england-vs-india-live-first-test-day-three-score-latest/ |work=[[Telegraph]]|date=22 June 2025 |last1=Hoult |first1=Nick |last2=MacPherson |first2=Will |last3=Berry |first3=Scyld |last4=Wigmore |first4=Tim |last5=Bagchi |first5=Rob |last6=Crichard |first6=Kieran }}</ref>
* [[KL Rahul]] (Ind) completed 1,000 Test runs against England matched the second-most fifty-plus scores by an Indian opener in SENA Tests.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=23 June 2025 |title=KL Rahul equals Virender Sehwag's Test record in SENA after slamming fifty in IND vs ENG 1st Test |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket/kl-rahul-equals-virender-sehwag-test-record-in-sena-after-slamming-fifty-in-ind-vs-eng-1st-test-2025-06-23-995869 |work=[[India TV]]|date=23 June 2025 }}</ref>
* Rishabh Pant became the first Indian wicketkeeper to score centuries in both innings of a Test.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=23 June 2025 |title=Rishabh Pant creates history in Test cricket with twin tons, a feat even MS Dhoni never achieved |url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/rishabh-pant-century-india-vs-england-1st-test-day-4-headingley-13899844.html |work=Firstpost|date=23 June 2025 }}</ref>
* Five centuries were scored by Indian batsmen for the first time in a single Test.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=23 June 2025 |title=India vs England: First time in history! Team India creates unprecedented Test record |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-tour-of-england/india-vs-england-first-time-in-history-team-india-creates-unprecedented-test-record/articleshow/122030103.cms |work=[[Times of India]]|date=23 June 2025 }}</ref> It was also the first occurrence of the losing team scoring five centuries in a Test.
* [[Ben Stokes]] (Eng) became the third England captain to claim 50 wickets in Test cricket .
* World Test Championship Points: England 12, India 0.
}}

===2nd Test===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 2–6 July 2025
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|ENG}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 587 (151 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Shubman Gill]] 269 (387)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Shoaib Bashir]] 3/167 (45 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 407 (89.3 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Jamie Smith (cricketer)|Jamie Smith]] 184[[not out|*]] (207)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Mohammed Siraj]] 6/70 (19.3 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 427/6[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (83 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Shubman Gill]] 161 (162)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Josh Tongue]] 2/93 (15 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 271 (68.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Jamie Smith (cricketer)|Jamie Smith]] 88 (99)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Akash Deep]] 6/99 (21.1 overs)

| result = India won by 336 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1448350.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]], [[Birmingham]]
| umpires = [[Chris Gaffaney]] (NZ) and [[Sharfuddoula]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Shubman Gill]] (Ind)
| toss = England won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Shubman Gill]] (Ind) scored his maiden double [[Century (cricket)|century]] in Tests.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/shubman-gill-maiden-test-double-century-india-vs-england-edgbaston-10104329/ |title=Shubman Gill continues plunder as Indian captain with maiden Test double century |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> He also broke [[Virat Kohli]]'s (254) record of highest individual score by an Indian captain in Tests.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=3 July 2025 |title=Shubman Gill Breaks Virat Kohli's Record Of Best Test Score By Indian Captain |url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/shubman-gill-breaks-virat-kohlis-record-of-best-test-score-by-indian-captain-ws-l-9419340.html |work=News18}}</ref> This score combined with his century in the second innings made the second-highest aggregate score ever.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=5 July 2025 |title=Gill breaks records with 430 as India rack up a rare 1000 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/eng-vs-india-2nd-test-stats-gill-overtakes-gavaskar-as-india-rack-up-1014-runs-1493702 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
* [[Ravindra Jadeja]] became the first-ever player to score 2,000 runs and take 100 wickets in WTC history.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=3 July 2025 |title=Ravindra Jadeja Creates History, Becomes 1st Player In The World To... |url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/ravindra-jadeja-creates-history-becomes-1st-player-in-the-world-to-ws-l-9419001.html |work=News18}}</ref>
* [[Jamie Smith (cricketer)|Jamie Smith]] (Eng) broke [[Alec Stewart]]'s record (173) for the highest score by an English wicket-keeper.<ref>{{cite web |first=Matthew |last=Henry |access-date=4 July 2025 |title=Why Smith could become England's greatest keeper-batter |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/articles/cz098glrk13o |work=BBC}}</ref>
* [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] (Ind) scored his 2,000th run in Tests.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=3 July 2025 |title=Yashasvi Jaiswal Becomes Fastest Indian Batter To Score 2000 Runs In Tests|url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/yashasvi-jaiswal-becomes-fastest-indian-batter-to-score-2000-runs-in-tests-ws-l-9421822.html |work=News18}}</ref>
* [[Akash Deep]] (Ind) took his first [[five-wicket haul]] and [[ten-wicket haul]] in Tests.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=6 July 2025 |title=Akash Deep does to England what no other bowler in Test cricket has in 49 years; Akram, McGrath, Warne not even close |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/akash-deep-does-to-england-what-no-other-bowler-in-world-cricket-has-in-49-years-akram-mcgrath-warne-not-even-close-101751812298242.html |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/akash-deep-becomes-2nd-indian-bowler-to-take-10-wicket-haul-in-tests-in-england-ws-l-9424347.html |title=Akash Deep Becomes 2nd Indian Bowler To Take 10-Wicket Haul In Tests In England |work=News18 |access-date=6 July 2025}}</ref>
* This was India's first ever Test win at this venue.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=6 July 2025 |title=India break Birmingham jinx to level series 1–1 |url=https://m.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/134919/india-break-birmingham-jinx-to-level-series-1-1 |work=[[Cricbuzz]]}}</ref> It also became the first Asian team to win at this venue.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=6 July 2025 |title=India first Asian team to breach 'fortress' Edgbaston|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/india-first-asian-team-to-breach-fortress-edgbaston-england-2nd-test-10110336/ |work=The Indian Express}}</ref>
* This was also India's [[List of India Test cricket records#Greatest win margins (by runs)|biggest Test victory by margin of runs away from home]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=6 July 2025 |title=India's biggest win margin by runs: Shubman Gill & Co record fourth biggest win in Tests against England |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/india-biggest-win-margin-by-runs-tests-record-full-list-india-vs-england-2nd-test-stats/article69779946.ece |work=Sportstar}}</ref>
* World Test Championship Points: India 12, England 0.
}}

===3rd Test===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 10–14 July 2025
| team1 = {{cr-rt|ENG}}
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 387 (112.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Joe Root]] 104 (199)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Jasprit Bumrah]] 5/74 (27 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 387 (119.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[KL Rahul]] 100 (177)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Chris Woakes]] 3/84 (27 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 192 (62.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Joe Root]] 40 (96)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Washington Sundar]] 4/22 (12.1 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 170 (74.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 61[[not out|*]] (181)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Ben Stokes]] 3/48 (24 overs)

| result = England won by 22 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1448351.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Lord's]], [[London]]
| umpires = [[Paul Reiffel]] (Aus) and [[Sharfuddoula]] (Ban)
| motm = [[Ben Stokes]] (Eng)
| toss = England won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Joe Root]] (Eng) became the first ever cricketer to complete 3,000 Test runs against India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/root-closes-in-on-milestone-ton-against-india-at-lord-s |title=Root closes in on milestone ton against India at Lord's |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=10 July 2025}}</ref>
* [[Jamie Smith (cricketer)|Jamie Smith]] (Eng) became the joint-fastest wicket-keeper-batter to complete 1,000 runs in Tests.<ref>{{cite web |title=England wicketkeeper equals world record with rapid start to Test career |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/england-vs-india-m-2025/cricket-news/england-wicketkeeper-jamie-smith-equals-world-record-rapid-start-test-career |access-date=11 July 2025 |work=[[Wisden]]}}</ref>
* World Test Championship Points: England 10, India 0.{{efn|name=|England were deducted a total of 2 points for maintaining a slow [[over-rate]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/england-docked-points-for-slow-over-rate |title=England docked WTC points for slow over rate in Lord's Test |work=[[International Cricket Council]]|access-date=16 July 2025}}</ref>}}
}}

===4th Test===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 23–27 July 2025
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|ENG}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 358 (114.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Sai Sudharsan]] 61 (151)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Ben Stokes]] 5/72 (24 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 669 (157.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Joe Root]] 150 (248)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 4/143 (37.1 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 425/4 (143 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 107[[not out|*]] (185)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Chris Woakes]] 2/67 (23 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| result = Match drawn
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1448352.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Old Trafford Cricket Ground|Old Trafford]], [[Manchester]]
| umpires = [[Ahsan Raza]] (Pak) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Ben Stokes]] (Eng)
| toss = England won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Anshul Kamboj]] (Ind) made his Test debut.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/who-is-anshul-kamboj-test-debut-england-vs-india-4th-test/article69845927.ece |title=ENG vs IND, 4th Test: Anshul Kamboj makes his debut at Old Trafford |work=[[Sportstar]] |date=23 July 2025 |access-date=4 August 2025}}</ref>
* [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] (Ind) completed 1,000 Test runs against England.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-tour-of-england/ind-vs-eng-test-yashasvi-jaiswal-creates-history-becomes-joint-second-fastest-indian-to-milestone/articleshow/122861830.cms |title=IND vs ENG Test: Yashasvi Jaiswal creates history, becomes joint-second fastest Indian to milestone |work=The Times of India|access-date=24 July 2025}}</ref>
* [[KL Rahul]], [[Rishabh Pant]] and [[Ravindra Jadeja]] (Ind) all crossed 1,000 runs in England in Tests.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=23 July 2025 |title=KL Rahul surpasses Virat Kohli, joins Tendulkar, Dravid in iconic run-scoring club during Manchester Test |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/kl-rahul-surpasses-virat-kohli-joins-tendulkar-dravid-in-iconic-run-scoring-club-during-manchester-test-101753270209940.html |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=27 July 2025 |title=Ravindra Jadeja becomes third cricketer to score 1000 runs and take 30 wickets in away country |url=https://www.livemint.com/sports/cricket-news/ravindra-jadeja-becomes-third-cricketer-to-score-1000-runs-and-take-30-wickets-in-away-country-11753632965921.html |work=Mint}}</ref> Thus, Pant also became the first ever visiting wicket-keeper to do so in England.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=23 July 2025 |title=Rishabh Pant Creates History, Becomes 1st Wicketkeeper-Batter In The World To... |url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/rishabh-pant-creates-history-becomes-1st-wicketkeeper-batter-in-the-world-to-2-ws-l-9459171.html |work=News18}}</ref>
* [[Joe Root]] (Eng) surpassed [[Ricky Ponting]] (Aus) to become the [[List of players who have scored 10,000 or more runs in Test cricket|second highest run-scorer of all time in Tests]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Matthew |last=Henry|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/articles/cm202gepe72o |title=Root passes Ponting as England dominate India |work=[[BBC]] |access-date=25 July 2025}}</ref>
* [[Jasprit Bumrah]] (Ind) took his 50th wicket in England.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=26 July 2025 |title=Bumrah becomes third Asian seamer to complete 50 Test wickets in England |url=https://www.livemint.com/sports/cricket-news/bumrah-becomes-third-asian-seamer-to-complete-50-test-wickets-in-england-11753482769925.html |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}</ref>
* [[Ben Stokes]] (Eng) became the first English captain to score a [[Century (cricket)|century]] and take a [[five-wicket haul]] in the same Test match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/ben-stokes-creates-history-becomes-1st-cricketer-in-148-years-to-ws-l-9465301.html |title=Ben Stokes Creates History, Becomes 1st Cricketer In 148 Years To... |work=News 18 |access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref> He also scored his 7,000th run in Tests.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/stokes-joins-exclusive-test-all-rounders-list |title=Stokes joins exclusive Test all-rounders list|work=International Cricket Council|access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref>
* This was England's highest total at this venue.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/highest-team-totals-against-india-tests-record-stats-england-669-runs-ind-vs-eng-4th-test/article69858279.ece |title=Highest Test totals against India: England posts 669 runs during 4th Test, 9th-highest score vs India|work=[[Sportstar]] |access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref>
* [[Shubman Gill]] (Ind) surpassed [[Virat Kohli]]'s (692) record of scoring most runs by an Asian batter in a Test series played in [[Glossary of cricket terms#SENA|SENA]] countries.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=26 July 2025 |title=Shubman Gill Breaks Virat Kohli's All-Time Batting Record Of Scoring Most Runs In...|url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/shubman-gill-breaks-virat-kohlis-record-of-scoring-most-runs-in-a-test-series-by-an-asian-batter-played-in-sena-countries-ws-l-9466040.html |work=News 18}}</ref>
* [[Washington Sundar]] (Ind) scored his maiden century in Tests.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=27 July 2025 |title=Defiant centurions Gill, Jadeja & Sundar eke out hard-fought draw |url=https://m.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/135146/defiant-centurions-gill-jadeja-sundar-eke-out-hard-fought-draw |work=[[Cricbuzz]]}}</ref>
* World Test Championship Points: England 4, India 4.
}}

===5th Test===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 31 July – 4 August 2025
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|ENG}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 224 (69.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Karun Nair]] 57 (109)
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Gus Atkinson]] 5/33 (21.4 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 247 (51.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Zak Crawley]] 64 (57)
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Prasidh Krishna]] 4/62 (16 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 396 (88 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Yashasvi Jaiswal]] 118 (164)
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Josh Tongue]] 5/125 (30 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 367 (85.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Harry Brook]] 111 (98)
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Mohammed Siraj]] 5/104 (30.1 overs)

| result = India won by 6 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1448353.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[The Oval]], [[London]]
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Ahsan Raza]] (Pak)
| motm = [[Mohammed Siraj]] (Ind)
| toss = England won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = This was India's [[List of India Test cricket records#Narrowest win margins (by runs)|lowest Test victory by margin of runs]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=4 August 2025 |title=India's Smallest Wins In Tests By Runs|url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/indias-smallest-wins-in-tests-by-runs-ws-l-9483632.html|work=News18}}</ref>
* [[Chris Woakes]] (Eng) played his last test match.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=29 September 2025 |title=Chris Woakes announces England retirement after Ashes omission |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/chris-woakes-announces-england-retirement-ashes-omission-1504920 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
* World Test Championship Points: India 12, England 0.
}}

== Statistics ==
=== Most Runs ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Runs !! Batter !! {{tooltip|Mat|Matches}} !! {{tooltip|Inns|Innings}} !! {{tooltip|NO|Not outs}} !! Average !! {{tooltip|HS|High Score}} !! 100s !! 50s
|-
! 754
|style="text-align:left|{{cricon|IND}} [[Shubman Gill]] || 5 || 10 || 0 || 75.40 || 269 || 4 || 0
|-
! 537
| style="text-align:left" |{{cricon|ENG}} [[Joe Root]] || 5 || 9 || 1 || 67.12 || 150 || 3 || 1
|-
! 532
| style="text-align:left" |{{cricon|IND}} [[KL Rahul]] || 5 || 10 || 0 || 53.20 || 137 || 2 || 2
|-
! 516
|style="text-align:left|{{cricon|IND}} [[Ravindra Jadeja]] || 5 || 10 || 4 || 86.00 || 107* || 1 || 5
|-
! 481
| style="text-align:left" |{{cricon|ENG}} [[Harry Brook]] || 5 || 9 || 0 || 53.44 || 158 || 2 || 2
|-
! colspan="9" |Source: [[ESPNcricinfo]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Most runs in Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy, 2025 |accessdate=20 June 2025 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/series/batting-most-runs-career/anderson-tendulkar-trophy-2025-16595}}</ref>
|}

=== Most Wickets ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!{{tooltip|Wtks|Wickets}}!! Bowler !! {{tooltip|Mat|Matches}} !! {{tooltip|Inns|Innings}} !! Runs !! Overs !! {{tooltip|BBI|Best bowling in an innings}} !! {{tooltip|Ave|Bowling average}} !! {{tooltip|5WI|Five wickets in an innings}}
|-
! 23
| style="text-align: left;" |{{cricon|IND}} [[Mohammed Siraj]] || 5 || 9 || 746 || 185.3 || 6/70 || 32.43 || 2
|-
! 19
| style="text-align: left;" |{{cricon|ENG}} [[Josh Tongue]] || 3 || 6 || 552 || 127.0 || 5/125 || 29.05 || 1
|-
! 17
| style="text-align: left;" |{{cricon|ENG}} [[Ben Stokes]] || 4 || 8 || 429 || 140.0 || 5/72 || 25.23 || 1
|-
! rowspan=2|14
| style="text-align: left;" |{{cricon|IND}} [[Jasprit Bumrah]] || 3 || 5 || 364 || 119.4 || 5/74 || 26.00 || 2
|-
| style="text-align: left;" |{{cricon|IND}} [[Prasidh Krishna]] || 3 || 6 || 519 || 105.0 || 4/62 || 37.07 || 0
|-
! colspan="9" |Source: [[ESPNcricinfo]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Most wickets in Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy, 2025 |accessdate=20 June 2025 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/series/bowling-most-wickets-career/anderson-tendulkar-trophy-2025-16595}}</ref>
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-england-2025-1445348 Series home at ESPNcricinfo]

{{International cricket tours of England}}
{{International cricket in 2025}}
{{2025–2027 ICC World Test Championship}}

[[Category:2025 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2025 in English cricket]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in 2025]]
[[Category:Indian cricket tours of England]]

Rashtrakavi

2025-11-26T17:53:48Z

Richa7864: made the entry v1...

'''Rashtrakavi''' is an Indian title meaning "National Poet" and may refer to:


*[[Dursa Arha]] (1535–1655)
*[[Subramania Bharati]] (1882–1921)
*[[M. Govinda Pai]] (1883–1963)
*[[Maithili Sharan Gupt]] (1886–1965)
*[[Jhaverchand Meghani]] (1896–1947)
*[[Kuvempu]] (1904–1994)
*[[Harivansh Rai Bachchan]] (1907–2003)
*[[Ramdhari Singh Dinkar]] (1908–1974)
*[[Kavi Pradeep]] (1915–1998)
*[[G. S. Shivarudrappa]] (1926–2013)
*[[Balkavi Bairagi]] (1931–2018)

== See also ==

* [[Yug Charan]]
* [[Kaviraj|Kaviraja]]
{{disambiguation}}

Mughal architecture

2025-11-25T06:51:41Z

Richa7864: correct lead as per guidelines

{{short description|16th–18th-century Indo-Islamic architecture}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox art movement
| name = Mughal architecture
|image =
{{photomontage
|photo1a= Taj_Mahal,_Agra,_India.jpg
|photo2a= Panch Mahal-Fatehpur-Fatehpur Sikri India0014.JPG
|photo3a= Badshahi Mosque front picture.jpg
|size = 250
|color_border = #AAAAAA
|color = #F9F9F9
}}
| caption =
{{unbulleted list|
'''Top:''' [[Taj Mahal]] in [[Agra]], India, the most famous example of Mughal architecture and one of India's most recognisable landmarks<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Taj Mahal World Heritage |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/252/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201133603/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/252 |archive-date=2018-02-01 |access-date=2018-12-31 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref>
|'''Middle:''' [[Panch Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri|Panch Mahal]] in [[Fatehpur Sikri]], India
|'''Bottom:''' [[Badshahi Mosque]] in [[Lahore]], Pakistan, the last and largest imperial mosque built by the Mughals<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c1ZsBgAAQBAJ&dq=mughal+last+imperial+mosque+lahore&pg=PA91 |title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia |publisher=Routledge |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-135-45596-5 |editor-last=Meri |editor-first=Josef W. |pages=91 |language=en}}</ref>
}}
| yearsactive = 16th–19th centuries (primarily)
| countries =
}}
'''Mughal architecture''' is the style of architecture developed in the [[Mughal Empire]] in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries throughout the ever-changing extent of their empire in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It developed from the architectural styles of earlier [[Indo-Islamic architecture]] and from [[Iranian architecture|Iranian]] and [[Architecture of Central Asia|Central Asian]] architectural traditions, particularly the [[Timurid architecture]].{{Sfn|Asher|1992|pp=1-2}}<ref name=":16">{{Cite book |last=Petersen |first=Andrew |title=Dictionary of Islamic architecture |publisher=Routledge |year=1996 |isbn=9781134613663 |location= |pages=199–205 |chapter=Mughals}}</ref>{{sfn|Bloom|Blair|2009|loc=Architecture; VII. c. 1500–c. 1900; D. India}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Vaughan |first=Philippa |title=Islam: Art and Architecture |publisher=h.f.ullmann |year=2011 |isbn=9783848003808 |editor-last=Hattstein |editor-first=Markus |location= |pages=464–483 |chapter=Indian Subcontinent: from Sultanate to Mughal Empire |editor-last2=Delius |editor-first2=Peter}}</ref><ref name=":0522">{{Cite book |last=Asher |first=Catherine B. |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three |publisher=Brill |year=2020 |editor-last=Fleet |editor-first=Kate |location= |pages= |chapter=Mughal architecture |issn=1873-9830 |editor-last2=Krämer |editor-first2=Gudrun |editor-last3=Matringe |editor-first3=Denis |editor-last4=Nawas |editor-first4=John |editor-last5=Rowson |editor-first5=Everett}}</ref> It also further incorporated and syncretized influences from wider [[Architecture of India|Indian architecture]], especially during the reign of [[Akbar]] (r. 1556–1605).{{Sfn|Asher|1992|pp=1-2}}<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0522" /> Mughal buildings have a uniform pattern of structure and character, including large bulbous domes, slender minarets at the corners, massive halls, large vaulted gateways, and delicate ornamentation. Examples of the style are found mainly in modern-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan.

The Mughal dynasty was established after the victory of [[Babur]] [[First Battle of Panipat|at Panipat]] in 1526. During his five-year reign, Babur took considerable interest in erecting buildings, though few have survived. His grandson Akbar commissioned extensive construction projects, and Mughal architectural style developed significantly during his reign. Among his accomplishments were [[Agra Fort]], the fort-city of [[Fatehpur Sikri]], and the [[Buland Darwaza]]. Akbar's son [[Jahangir]] commissioned the [[Shalimar Bagh, Srinagar|Shalimar Gardens in Kashmir]].

Mughal architecture reached its zenith during the reign of [[Shah Jahan]], who constructed the [[Taj Mahal]], the [[Jama Masjid, Delhi|Jama Masjid of Delhi]], the [[Shalimar Gardens, Lahore|Shalimar Gardens of Lahore]], and renovated the [[Lahore Fort]]. High-ranking officials also constructed major monuments, as with the example of the [[Wazir Khan Mosque]]. The last of the great Mughal patrons was [[Aurangzeb]], who commissioned the [[Badshahi Mosque]], [[Bibi Ka Maqbara]], [[Moti Masjid (Red Fort)|Moti Masjid]], among others.

== Background ==
Mughal emperors and elites consciously used architecture as a way to publicly display their presence and power. The extensive architectural patronage of the Mughals was made possible by their considerable wealth, which exceeded that of other contemporary Muslim empires like the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] and [[Safavids]].{{sfn|Bloom|Blair|2009|loc=Mughal}} In the Indian subcontinent, more monuments survive from the Mughal period than any other period.{{sfn|Bloom|Blair|2009|loc=Mughal}} Major monuments of this time include mosques, mausoleums, palaces, gardens, and fortresses.{{sfn|Bloom|Blair|2009|loc=Architecture; VII. c. 1500–c. 1900; D. India}}{{Sfn|Sinopoli|1994|p=303}}

The Mughal dynasty's founder, Babur, was initially based in [[Kabul]], present-day Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Parodi |first=Laura E. |date=2021 |title=Kabul, a Forgotten Mughal Capital: Gardens, City, and Court at the Turn of the Sixteenth Century |doi=10.1163/22118993-00381P05 |jstor=27141549 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27141549 |journal=Muqarnas |volume=38 |pages=113–153 |issn=0732-2992|url-access=subscription }}</ref> After the expansion into the Indian subcontinent, the imperial capital was, depending on the period, in [[Agra]] (present-day India), [[Delhi]], or [[Lahore]] (present-day Pakistan), along with other sites that served for short periods.{{Sfn|Sinopoli|1994|pp=294–295}} In several cases, Mughal emperors commissioned new imperial cities as their capitals, such as [[Fatehpur Sikri]] by Akbar and [[Shahjahanabad]] by Shah Jahan.{{Sfn|Sinopoli|1994|pp=298–301}} These capitals contain some of the greatest displays of Mughal monumental architecture, but imperial patronage was also directed across various cities and rural sites throughout the empire.{{Sfn|Sinopoli|1994|p=303}}
[[File:Elephant-shaped column brackets at Lahore Fort.jpg|thumb|The use of elephant-shaped column brackets at [[Lahore Fort]] reflects [[Hindu temple architecture|Hindu influences]] on Mughal Architecture during the reign of [[Akbar]].]]
Mughal architecture was derived from three main architectural traditions: local [[Indo-Islamic architecture]], the [[Iranian architecture|architecture of Islamic Persia]] and Central Asia, and indigenous [[Hindu architecture]].<ref name=":16" /> Because earlier Indo-Islamic architecture already borrowed from both Hindu and Islamic architectural styles, certain influences in Mughal architecture can be difficult to attribute to one source or the other. With regards to Hindu architecture, local [[Rajput]] palaces were likely a key influence.<ref name=":16" />

Early Mughal architecture developed from existing Indo-Islamic architecture while following the model of [[Timurid architecture]] (based in Central Asia), due in part to the [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] ancestry of Babur.{{Sfn|Asher|1992|pp=1-2}}{{sfn|Bloom|Blair|2009|loc=Architecture; VII. c. 1500–c. 1900; D. India}}<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0522" /> By the late 16th century, a more distinctive Mughal tradition emerged based on the combination of these two sources.<ref name=":0522" />

Under the reign of Akbar ({{Reign|1556|1605}}), the use of Hindu architectural elements was especially prolific, including in high-profile construction projects like Fatehpur Sikri.{{Sfn|Asher|1992|pp=1-2}} During his reign in particular, non-Muslims were present among the highest-ranking officials and were able to become patrons of architecture as well. The most notable example is [[Man Singh I|Raja Man Singh]], a Hindu ''[[amir]]'' who commissioned both [[Hindu temple]]s and Muslim mosques and shrines.<ref name=":0522" />

Under Akbar's successors, there was a shift towards more typically Islamic architectural designs.{{Sfn|Asher|1992|pp=1-2}} During the reign of Shah Jahan ({{Reign|1628|1658}}), a "classical" Mughal style was consolidated and remained essentially in use until the end of the Mughal period.<ref name=":0522" /> A certain level of stylistic consistency was achieved throughout the empire at this period thanks to the role of a central department of architects, similar to the imperial architects that existed in the Ottoman Empire.{{sfn|Bloom|Blair|2009|loc=Architecture; VII. c. 1500–c. 1900; D. India}}

== Characteristics ==

=== General ===
[[File:Delhi 267.jpg|thumb|[[Humayun's Tomb]], with exterior [[iwan]]s, [[Four-centred arch|four-centred pointed arches]], and a central [[bulbous dome]] visible]]
Mughal architecture is distinguished by an elegant style in which careful linear divisions of spaces and surfaces took priority over the more three-dimensional combination of elements that distinguished earlier Indo-Islamic architecture.{{sfn|Bloom|Blair|2009|loc=Architecture; VII. c. 1500–c. 1900; D. India}} The use of colour was also relatively restrained, with emphasis instead on finishing surfaces with high-quality, polished materials. [[Onion dome|Bulbous domes]] and [[Pointed arch|ogive arches]] were among the most prominent recurring elements.{{sfn|Bloom|Blair|2009|loc=Architecture; VII. c. 1500–c. 1900; D. India}} In addition to domes and arches, the local tradition of [[trabeate]] construction also continued, especially in secular architecture, like palaces.{{sfn|Bloom|Blair|2009|loc=Architecture; VII. c. 1500–c. 1900; D. India}}

Another distinguishing characteristic was the use of red sandstone as a building material, along with white marble. This replaced the prominence of brick in earlier Indo-Islamic architecture,{{sfn|Bloom|Blair|2009|loc=Architecture; VII. c. 1500–c. 1900; D. India}} though construction materials still varied depending on the region.<ref name=":16" /> Sandstone is a very hard material, but local Indian stonemasons were skilled in carving it with intricate detail, which was another distinguishing feature of the Mughal style. White marble was initially used as a cladding to compliment and finish the look of sandstone buildings, as in [[Humayun's Tomb]], but later it was used on a grander scale to cover entire buildings, as in the Taj Mahal.<ref name=":16" /> Brick was sometimes still used for domes and arches, but in these cases it was usually faced with plaster or stone as a finish.<ref name=":16" />

=== Decoration ===
[[File:Detail of plant motifs on Taj Mahal wall.jpg|thumb|Example of carved flower [[relief]]s on marble and ''[[pietra dura]]'' (''parchin kari'') inlaid stonework above and below, at the Taj Mahal]]
Decorative motifs included [[Islamic geometric patterns|geometric]] and floral designs, as well as elaborate inscriptions in [[Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], and even in local languages during the late Mughal period.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burton-Page |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aDP_jlCYouAC&pg=PA36 |title=Indian Islamic Architecture: Forms and Typologies, Sites and Monuments |publisher=Brill |year=2008 |isbn=978-90-04-16339-3 |pages=36 |language=en}}</ref> Decoration was commonly executed in [[tile]] or stone.<ref name=":16" />

Tilework was more commonly applied to the exterior of buildings and existed in two main types: ''[[cuerda seca]]'' and mosaic tilework. ''Cuerda seca'' tiles were decorated with coloured glazes separated by dark lines, while mosaic tilework consisted of single-coloured tile pieces that were cut and fitted together to create larger patterns.<ref name=":16" />

Stonework was of high quality and marks one of the most sophisticated aspects of Mughal decoration. Carved stonework included ornately sculpted pillars and corbels, flat panels carved in low [[relief]] with depictions of flowers, and pierced marble screens known as [[Jali|''jali''s]].<ref name=":16" /> ''[[Pietra dura]]'', known as ''parchin kari'' in the Indian subcontinent,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dadlani |first1=Chanchal |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6YgpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1057 |title=A Companion to Islamic Art and Architecture |last2=Sharma |first2=Yuthika |publisher=Wiley Blackwell |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-119-06857-0 |editor-last=Flood |editor-first=Finbarr Barry |pages=1057 |language=en |chapter=Beyond the Taj Mahal: Late Mughal Visual Culture |editor-last2=Necipoğlu |editor-first2=Gülru}}</ref> was the technique of decorating with [[Inlay|inlaid]] stone. It developed in this region independently from the Italian technique that is widely known elsewhere.<ref name=":16" />

=== Influences ===
[[File:Taj Mahal Mosque Ceiling (28238850399).jpg|left|thumb|Dome with corner [[squinch]]es in the mosque of the Taj Mahal complex]]
Elements of earlier Indo-Islamic architecture that continued in Mughal architecture are the [[Multifoil arch|cusped (multifoil) arches]], which appeared earlier in the architecture of [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi]] and [[Gujarat Sultanate|Gujarat]], as well as the ''do-chala'' roof, a feature originating in [[Bengali architecture]] that was adopted in the architecture of the [[Bengal Sultanate]].<ref name=":16" />

Features of Persian or Central Asian (Timurid) influence were the [[iwan]] (a vaulted space open to one side), the use of domes, the pointed [[four-centred arch]], the use of decorative tilework, and the ''[[chahar bagh]]'' type of garden, along with various other motifs and building layouts.<ref name=":16" /> In dome construction, Persian-style [[squinch]]es were used in some cases, but in other cases the domes were supported by flat beams over the corners of the chamber.<ref name=":16" />
[[File:Architecture of Jama Masjid, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra.jpg|thumb|Example of [[trabeate]] and [[corbel]]led constructions in the [[Jama Mosque, Fatehpur Sikri|mosque of Fatehpur Sikri]]]]
Elements of Mughal architecture that demonstrate Hindu influences include the use of trabeate constructions, the use of [[corbel arch]]es instead of arches with [[voussoir]]s, and the style of ornately carved pillars.<ref name=":16" /> ''[[Jharokha]]''s (projecting balconies), [[Chhatri|''chhatri''s]] (domed kiosks), and ''[[chhajja]]''[[Chhajja|s]] (wide stone [[eaves]]) are also elements that were borrowed from local Hindu architecture and became very popular in Mughal architecture. Some elements, such as projecting balconies, had parallels in Islamic architecture elsewhere but their specific Mughal forms were of local inspiration.<ref name=":16" />

=== Major building types ===
[[File:Lahore Fort view from Baradari.jpg|thumb|The Alamgiri Gate at [[Lahore Fort]], [[Lahore]], Pakistan|left]]
Large fortified citadels or palace complexes, such as the [[Agra Fort]] and the [[Red Fort]] in Delhi, were enclosed in massive walls reinforced by semi-circular towers and entered via monumental gateways. Inside, the classic Mughal palace was laid out with symmetrical gardens and various pavilions. Open pavilions with rows of cusped arches were a recurring feature. Rich decoration was used to embellish rooms and halls.<ref name=":16" />

Gardens were a favourite concern of Mughal emperors, whether they were created as separate, dedicated garden sites or as the setting for pavilions and mausoleums within larger architectural complexes. They were laid out in a formal manner with terraces, precise divisions, and water features.<ref name=":16" />
[[File:Jama Masjid, Delhi.jpg|thumb|View of the courtyard, prayer hall, and minarets of the [[Jama Masjid, Delhi]]]]
Mosques were relatively more restrained in their decoration but were built on a grand scale. The typical mosque layout in the classic Mughal era involved a large rectangular courtyard surrounded by an [[Arcade (architecture)|arcade]] on three sides and a prayer hall on one side. The prayer hall consisted of a wide vaulted hall fronted by an arcade of monumental arches, with the central archway consisting of a larger iwan rising above the others.<ref name=":16" />

The most monumental and elaborate Mughal structures were royal mausoleums, deliberately designed to show off the power and sophistication of their patrons. The classic Mughal tomb was an octagonal or rectangular structure with a central dome and outer iwans, raised on a terraced platform.<ref name=":16" />

Other public buildings and infrastructure works included roads, [[milestone]]s (known as ''[[Kos Minar|kos minar]]''), [[caravanserai]]s (inns for merchants and travelers), and bridges. These were more functional in nature and less decorative, though some caravanserais were embellished with elaborate gateways.<ref name=":16" />

==Monuments==
{{More citations needed section|date=February 2022}}

=== Babur ===
[[File:Mosque inside Bagh-e Babur in 2013.jpg|thumb|[[Gardens of Babur]] in [[Kabul]], Afghanistan.]]The architectural patronage of Babur, the first Mughal emperor, is mainly known for its terraced gardens. These gardens, often established in palaces and citadels, were modeled on the Persian ''[[chahar bagh]]'' ("four gardens") type, in which gardens are geometrically divided into different plots, usually four equal parts. This type followed Timurid antecedents, though the use of water channels as linear dividers may have been a Mughal innovation.{{sfn|Bloom|Blair|2009|loc=Architecture; VII. c. 1500–c. 1900; D. India}} Babur himself was initially buried at Agra, but in 1644 his tomb was moved to one of his favourite gardens in Kabul, now known as the [[Gardens of Babur]].{{sfn|Bloom|Blair|2009|loc=Mughal}} Some of the architectures Babur created in the present-day India includes [[Aram Bagh, Agra|Aram Bagh in Agra]], Lotus Garden in Dholpur and more.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SPh7EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA537 Research & Teaching Aptitude Paper-I]</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/heritage/story/19780531-mughal-ruins-in-dholpur-where-babur-sowed-the-seed-818429-2015-01-14 | title=Mughal ruins in Dholpur: Where Babur sowed the seed | date=14 January 2015 }}</ref>

In religious architecture, Babur's mosques also followed the designs of earlier Timurid mosques, with a tall central entrance portal (''pishtaq''), a courtyard, and a prayer hall covered by a large central dome flanked by side aisles covered by smaller domes. An example of this is his [[Kabuli Bagh Mosque|mosque at Panipat]].{{sfn|Bloom|Blair|2009|loc=Architecture; VII. c. 1500–c. 1900; D. India}}<ref name=":0522" />

=== Akbar ===
{{Main|Akbari Architecture}}{{see also|Allahabad Fort|Begum Shahi Mosque|Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah|List of tombs of Mughal Empire}}

====Agra Fort====
{{main article|Agra Fort}}
Agra Fort is a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] in [[Agra]], Uttar Pradesh. The major part of Agra fort was commissioned by [[Akbar]] from 1565 to 1574. The [[architecture]] of the fort clearly indicates the free adoption of the [[Rajput]] planning and construction. Some of the important buildings in the fort are [[Jahangiri Mahal]] built for Jahangir and his family, the Moti Masjid, and Mena Bazaars. The Jahangiri Mahal has a courtyard surrounded by double-storeyed halls and rooms.

==== Humayun's Tomb ====
{{main article|Humayun's Tomb}}
[[File:Tomb of Humayun, Delhi.jpg|thumb|Humayun's Tomb, Delhi, India]]
Humayun's tomb is the [[tomb]] of the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Humayun]] in Delhi, India. The tomb was commissioned by Humayun's first wife and chief consort, Empress [[Bega Begum]] (also known as Haji Begum), in 1569–70, and designed by Mirak Mirza Ghiyas and his son, Sayyid Muhammad, Persian architects chosen by her. It was the first garden-tomb on the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is often regarded as the first mature example of Mughal architecture.

====Fatehpur Sikri====
{{main article|Fatehpur Sikri}}
[[Image:Fatehput Sikiri Buland Darwaza gate 2010.jpg|thumb|[[Buland Darwaza]], [[Fatehpur Sikri]], was commissioned by [[Akbar the Great]] to commemorate his victory.]]
Akbar's greatest architectural achievement was the construction of [[Fatehpur Sikri]], his capital city near Agra at a trade and Jain pilgrimages.<ref>{{cite book|title=Fatehpur Sikri was once a Jain pilgrimage centre: Book|date=2013-02-27|work=Zee News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/heritage/story/20000228-excavation-at-akbars-fort-at-fatehpur-sikri-reveals-flourishing-jain-and-hindu-habitation-777147-2000-02-27|title=Excavation at Akbars fort at Fatehpur Sikri reveals flourishing Jain and Hindu habitation|access-date=2017-12-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/books/fatehpur-sikri-was-once-a-jain-pilgrimage-centre-book/story-4DfRoVJ6tVxmWzz1RztA5I.html|title=Fatehpur Sikri was once a Jain pilgrimage centre: Book|date=2013-02-27|work=hindustantimes.com/|access-date=2017-12-15|language=en}}</ref> The construction of the walled city was started in 1569 and completed in 1574.

It contained some of the most beautiful buildings – both religious and secular which testify to the Emperor's aim of achieving social, political and religious integration. The main religious buildings were the huge [[Jama Masjid, Fatehpur Sikri|Jama Masjid]] and small [[Tomb of Salim Chisti]]. Buland Darwaza, also known as the Gate of Magnificence, was commissioned by Akbar in 1576 to commemorate his victory over Gujarat and the Deccan. It is 40 metres high and 50 metres from the ground. The total height of the structure is about 54 metres from ground level.

The Haramsara, the royal seraglio in [[Fatehpur Sikri]] was an area where the royal women lived. The opening to the Haramsara is from the Khwabgah side separated by a row of cloisters. According to Abul Fazl, in [[Ain-i-Akbari]], the inside of Harem was guarded by senior and active women, outside the enclosure the [[eunuch]]s were placed, and at a proper distance there were faithful [[Rajput]] guards.{{sfn|Gupta, Fathepur Sikri:Akbar's Magnificent City on a Hill|pp=146}}

[[Jodha bai Palace]] is the largest palace in the Fatehpur Sikri seraglio, connected to the minor ''haramsara'' quarters. The main entrance is double storied, projecting out of the [[facade]] to create a kind of [[porch]] leading into a recessed entrance with a balcony. Inside there is a quadrangle surrounded by rooms. The columns of rooms are ornamented with a variety of [[Hindu]] sculptural motifs.

====Tomb of Salim Chisti====
{{main article|Tomb of Salim Chisti}}
[[File:Fatehpur Sikri near Agra 2016-03 img02.jpg|thumb|right|The tomb of [[Shaikh Salim Chisti]] is considered to be one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture ]]
The [[Tomb of Salim Chishti]] is famed as one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture in India, built during the years 1580 and 1581. The tomb, built in 1571 in the corner of the mosque compound, is a square marble chamber with a verandah. The cenotaph has an exquisitely designed lattice screen around it. It enshrines the burial place of the Sufi saint, Salim Chisti (1478 – 1572), a descendant of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti of Ajmer, who lived in a cavern on the ridge at Sikri. The mausoleum, constructed by Akbar as a mark of his respect for the Sufi saint, who foretold the birth of his son.

===Jahangir===
====Begum Shahi Mosque====
{{main|Begum Shahi Mosque}}
[[File:Interior_of_Mariyam_Zamani_Begum_Mosque.jpg|thumb|Begum Shahi Mosque is Lahore's earliest dated Mughal period mosque]]
The [[Begum Shahi Mosque]] is an early 17th-century mosque situated in the [[Walled City of Lahore]], [[Pakistan]]. The mosque was built between 1611 and 1614 during the reign of Mughal Emperor Jahangir, commissioned by his mother, [[Mariam-uz-Zamani|Mariam-Uz-Zamani]],<ref name=":22">{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Ahmad Nabi |url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.69947 |title=Pakistan archaeology no.7 |date=1970 |pages=121–122, 126}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Koch |first=Ebba |url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.79132 |title=Mughal architecture |date=1990 |pages=83}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Schimmel |first1=Annemarie |url=http://archive.org/details/empireofgreatmug00anne |title=The empire of the great Mughals : history, art and culture |last2=Waghmar |first2=Burzine K. |date=2004 |publisher=London : Reaktion Books |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-1-86189-185-3 |pages=148}}</ref> and is Lahore's earliest dated Mughal-era mosque.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Wheeler |first=R. E. M. |url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.17045 |title=Five thousand years of Pakistan |date=1950 |pages=83}}</ref><ref name=":22"/>{{sfn|Asher|1992|p=116-117|pp=116–117}} It is known for its exquisite fresco decoration of geometric and floral motifs painted on stucco, along with inscriptions of the [[Names of God in Islam|names of God]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":22"/>{{sfn|Asher|1992|p=116-117|pp=116–117}} The mosque would later influence construction of the larger [[Wazir Khan Mosque]] a few decades later.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_26-6-2004_pg7_22|title=The mosque that Jodha Bai built|work=Daily Times|date=26 June 2004|access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref>

====Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah====
{{main|Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah}}
[[File:I'timād-ud-Daulah, Agra.jpg|thumb|The tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah is often regarded as a draft of the [[Tāj Mahal]].]]
The tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah, is a mausoleum in the city of Agra in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Often described as a "jewel box", sometimes called the "'''Bachcha Taj'''", as the tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah is often regarded as a draft of the Taj Mahal.

===Shah Jahan===
{{main|Shah Jahani architecture}}
{{see also|Red Fort|Tomb of Dai Anga}}
[[File:Jahangir Tomb - 1.jpg|thumb|The [[Tomb of Jahangir]] at [[Lahore]] does not have a [[dome]] as [[Jahangir]] forbade construction of a dome over his tomb.]]
Rather than building huge monuments like his predecessors to demonstrate their power, Shah Jahan commissioned elegant monuments. The force and originality of this previous building style gave way under Shah Jahan to a delicate elegance and refinement of detail, illustrated in the palaces erected during his reign at Agra, Delhi and Lahore. Some examples include the Taj Mahal at Agra, the tomb of his wife [[Mumtaz Mahal]], under the chief architect [[Ustad Ahmad Lahori]].<ref name="Janin">{{cite book|last1=Janin|first1=Hunt|title=The Pursuit of Learning in the Islamic World, 610-2003|date=2006|isbn=978-0786429042|page=124|publisher=McFarland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KTWDxDEY-Q0C&q=Ahmad+Lahori+Indian%7CPersian&pg=PA124|access-date=17 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=qjdEi89Q34kC&q=ahmad |title= Indian Journal of History of Science, Volume 44, Issues 1-3 |date= 2009 |publisher= National Institute of Sciences of India }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=g2FRAAAAYAAJ&q=Ahmad+Mimar+Lahori |title= The Sikh Courier:Volumes 9-12 |date= 1977 |publisher= Sikh Cultural Society of Great Britain |page= 16 |quote=Nadir-ul-Asar Ahmad Mimar Lahori Shahjehani was also a Punjabi who designed the Taj Mahal of Agra}}</ref> He was said to have personal a preference for white marble in architecture, as in the Taj Mahal. Although some buildings built during his era were made of red sandstone, such as the Red Fort in Delhi, he preferred to use white marble for his private quarters.<ref name="h">{{Cite book |author1=Yamada Atsumi (山田敦美) |url=https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000002-I000009081227 |title=南アジア史 2 |publisher=山川出版社 |year=2007 |isbn=978-4-634-46209-0 |editor=Hiroyuki Kotani (小谷汪之) |pages=187–192 |language=Ja |trans-title=South Asian History 2 |chapter=Chapter 4 Supplementary Notes 9_Mughal Miniature Paintings, Gardens, and Architecture}}</ref>

The [[Moti Masjid (Agra Fort)|Moti Masjid]] (Pearl Mosque) in the [[Agra Fort]] and the [[Jama Masjid, Delhi|Jama Masjid]] at [[Delhi]], the latter built under the supervision of his [[List of Mughal grand viziers|Grand Vizier]], [[Saadullah Khan (Mughal Empire)|Saadullah Khan]], a [[Punjabi Muslim]],<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLgyEAAAQBAJ&dq=moti+masjid+built+supervision&pg=PA226 |publisher=S. Chand Publishing |page=226 |title= History and Civis }}</ref> are imposing buildings of his era, and their position and architecture have been carefully considered so as to produce a pleasing effect and feeling of spacious elegance and well-balanced proportion of parts. Shah Jahan also renovated buildings such as the [[Moti Masjid (Lahore Fort)|Moti Masjid]], [[Sheesh Mahal (Lahore)|Sheesh Mahal]] and [[Naulakha pavilion]], which are all enclosed in the Lahore Fort. He also commissioned a mosque named after himself in [[Thatta]] called [[Shahjahan Mosque]] (not built in the Mughal architecture, but in Safavid and Timurid architecture that were influenced by the Persian architecture). Shah Jahan also commissioned the Red Fort in his new capital at Shah Jahanabad, now [[Old Delhi]]. The red sandstone Red Fort is noted for its special buildings-[[Diwan-i-Am (Red Fort)|Diwan-i-Aam]] and [[Diwan-i-Khas (Red Fort)|Diwan-i-Khas]]. Another mosque was built during his tenure in Lahore called [[Wazir Khan Mosque]], by [[Wazir Khan (Lahore)|Wazir Khan]] who was the court physician to the emperor. It is famous for its rich embellishment which covers almost every interior surface. Other public works by high ranking nobles of Shah Jahan include those of [[Ali Mardan Khan]], Wazir Khan, [[Khwaja Sabir|Nasiri Khan]], and Kartalab Khan Deccani.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=N4BuAAAAMAAJ&q=Besides+Ali+Mardan+Khan+,+Hakim+Alimuddin+Wazir+Khan+,+Khan+-+i+Dauran+Nasiri+Khan+and+Kartalab+Khan+Deccani+were |title= Art and Culture: Felicitation Volume in Honour of Professor S. Nurul Hasan |date=1993 |publisher=Publication Scheme |author=Ahsan Jan Qaisar, Saiyid Nurul Hasan, Som Prakash Verma |isbn= 9788185263823 }}</ref>

====Taj Mahal====
{{main article|Taj Mahal}}
The Taj Mahal, a [[World Heritage Site]] was built between 1632 and 1653; commissioned by the emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal .<ref name=":0" /> Its construction took 22 years and required 22,000 laborers and 1,000 elephants, at a cost of 32 million [[rupee]]s. (corresponding to [[United States dollar|US$]] 827 million in 2015) It is a large, white marble structure standing on a square [[plinth]] and consists of a symmetrical building with an ''[[iwan]]'' (an arch-shaped doorway) topped by a large dome and [[finial]].

The building's longest [[plane (geometry)|plane]] of [[symmetry]] runs through the entire complex except for the [[sarcophagus]] of Shah Jahan, which is placed off centre in the crypt room below the main floor. This symmetry is extended to the building of an entire mirror [[mosque]] in red sandstone, to complement the [[Mecca]]-facing mosque placed to the west of the main structure. [[pietra dura|''Parchin kari'']], a method of decoration on a large scale-inlaid work of jewels and ''[[Jali]]'' work has been used to decorate the structure.
{{wide image|Taj Mahal-10 (cropped).jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|Taj Mahal and outlying buildings as seen from across the [[Yamuna River]] (northern view).}}

====Wazir Khan Mosque and Hammam====
{{main|Wazir Khan Mosque|Shahi Hammam}}
[[File:Courtyard of Wazir Khan Mosque, Lahore 19.jpg|thumb|[[Wazir Khan Mosque]] in [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]], is considered to be the most ornately decorated Mughal-era mosque]]
The Wazir Khan Mosque was commissioned by the royal physician [[Wazir Khan (Lahore)|Wazir Khan]] during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in 1634, and completed in 1642.<ref>{{cite news|title=Conservation of the Wazir Khan Mosque Lahore: Preliminary Report on Condition and Risk Assessment|url=http://archnet.org/system/publications/contents/6585/original/DPC3347.pdf?1384798179|access-date=25 August 2016|agency=Aga Khan Development Network|date=2012|quote=The Wazir Khan Mosque was built in 1634-35 AD (1044-45 AH), by Hakim ’Ali ud din* a governor of Punjab in the early part of the reign of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827000354/http://archnet.org/system/publications/contents/6585/original/DPC3347.pdf?1384798179|archive-date=27 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Considered to be the most ornately decorated Mughal-era mosque,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Masson|first1=Vadim Mikhaĭlovich|title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast : from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century|date=2003|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=9789231038761}}</ref> It is well known for its intricate [[faience]] tile work known as ''kashi-kari'', as well as its interior surfaces that are almost entirely embellished with elaborate Mughal-era [[fresco]]es. The mosque has been under extensive restoration since 2009 under the direction of the [[Aga Khan Trust for Culture]] and the [[Government of Punjab, Pakistan|Government of Punjab]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Walled city of Lahore conservation|url=http://www.akdn.org/where-we-work/south-asia/pakistan/cultural-development/walled-city|access-date=25 August 2016|quote=The Walled city of Lahore is famous for several historic monuments including the Lahore Fort – a World Heritage site, the Badshahi, and Wazir Khan mosques. Close to 2,000 buildings within the Walled city display a range of architectural features that mark Lahore’s centuries-old cultural landscape. A majority of these buildings and the mohallas (local neighbourhoods) in which they are situated form a unique heritage footprint. The work consequently carried out by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture (A.K.T.C.) and the Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme (AKHCP) was initiated under a 2007 public-private partnership framework agreement with the Government of Punjab.}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wazir Khan also commissioned the [[Shahi Hammam]];{{Sfn|Asher|1992|p=225}}<ref>Shelomo Dov Goitein. [https://books.google.com/books?id=cmn8U8uNtFAC&dq=wazir+arabic+word&pg=PA170 ''Studies in Islamic History and Institutions''] BRILL, 2010 {{ISBN|9004179313}} p 170</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Masjid Vazir K̲h̲ān|url=http://archnet.org/sites/1750|website=Archnet|access-date=25 August 2016|quote=The mosque was founded by Hakim Ilmud Din Ansari, a distinguished physician from Chiniot who received the Ministerial title of 'Wazir Khan' under the reign of Shah Jahan, and was later promoted to the position of Viceroy of Punjab.}}</ref> the baths were built to serve as a ''[[waqf]]'', or endowment, for the maintenance of the Wazir Khan Mosque.<ref>{{cite web|title=History and Background in Conservation of the Wazir Khan Mosque Lahore: Preliminary Report on Condition and Risk Assessment|website=Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme |publisher=Aga Khan Cultural Services - Pakistan |url=http://archnet.org/publications/6586 |access-date=25 August 2016|date=2012|quote=The spectacular monumental ensemble of the Wazir Khan Mosque in the Walled City of Lahore was built in 1634 during the reign of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.}}</ref>
[[File:Central dome and fresco painting of Wazir Khan Hammam.jpg|thumb|The central chamber of the [[Shahi Hammam]] is decorated with frescoes]]
====Shalimar Gardens====
{{main|Shalimar Gardens, Lahore}}
It is a [[Mughal garden]] complex located in Lahore, capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab. The gardens date from the period when the Mughal Empire was at its artistic and aesthetic zenith.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web|title=Fort and Shalimar Gardens in Lahore|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/171/|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=4 January 2017}}</ref> Construction of the gardens began in 1641 during the reign of Emperor Shah Jahan,<ref name="rehman">{{cite journal|last1=REHMAN|first1=A.|title=Changing Concepts of Garden Design in Lahore from Mughal to Contemporary Times|journal=Garden History|date=2009|volume=37|issue=2|pages=205–217|jstor=27821596}}</ref> and was completed in 1642.<ref>[http://mughalgardens.org/html/shalamar.html Shalamar Gardens] Gardens of the Mughal Empire. Retrieved 20 June 2012</ref> In 1981 the Shalimar Gardens were inscribed as a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] as they embody Mughal garden design at the apogee of its development.<ref name="UNESCO" />

====Shah Jahan Mosque====
{{main|Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta}}

[[File:Shah Jehan Mosque, Thatta, Sindh..jpg|thumb|The mosque's tile work exhibits Timurid influences introduced during Shah Jahan's campaigns in Central Asia.]]
The [[Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta|Shah Jahan Mosque]] is the [[Jama Masjid|central mosque]] for the city of [[Thatta]], in the Pakistani province of Sindh. The mosque commissioned by Shah Jahan, who bestowed it to the city as a token of gratitude.<ref name="khazeni">{{cite book|last1=Khazeni|first1=Arash|title=Sky Blue Stone: The Turquoise Trade in World History|date=2014|publisher=Univ of California Press |isbn=9780520279070 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mnclDQAAQBAJ&q=shah+jahan+thatta&pg=PA68 |access-date=16 July 2017}}</ref> Its style is heavily influenced by Central Asian Timurid architecture, which was introduced after Shah Jahan's campaigns near [[Balkh]] and [[Samarkand]].<ref name="khazeni" /> The mosque is considered to have the most elaborate display of tile work in South Asia,<ref name="khazeni" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1286/|access-date=2018-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003131103/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1286/|archive-date=2018-10-03|url-status=live}}</ref> and is also notable for its geometric brick work - a decorative element that is unusual for Mughal-period mosques.{{sfn|Asher|1992|p={{page needed|date=March 2022}}}}

===Aurangzeb===
In Aurangzeb's reign (1658–1707) squared stone and marble was replaced by brick or rubble with [[stucco]] ornament. [[Srirangapatna]] and [[Lucknow]] have examples of later Indo-Mughal architecture. He made additions to the Lahore Fort and also commissioned one of the thirteen gates which were later named after him (Alamgir).

====Badshahi Mosque====
{{main|Badshahi Mosque}}

[[File:Badshahi_Mosque_33_(edited).jpg|thumb|[[Badshahi Masjid]], [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]], the second-largest mosque in the Indian subcontinent]]
The [[Badshahi Mosque]] in Lahore, Pakistan, was commissioned by the sixth Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. Constructed between 1673 and 1674, it is the largest Mughal mosque and the last of the imperial mosques to be built.<ref name=":5" /> The mosque is adjacent to the Lahore Fort and is the last in the series of congregational mosques in red sandstone. The red sandstone of the walls contrasts with the white marble of the domes and the subtle intarsia decoration. Aurangzeb's mosque's architectural plan is similar to that of his father, Shah Jahan, the Jama Masjid in Delhi; though it is much larger. It also functions as an [[Idgah (place)|''idgah'']]. The courtyard which spreads over 276,000 square feet, can accommodate one hundred thousand worshippers; ten thousand can be accommodated inside the mosque. The [[minarets]] are {{convert|196|ft|m}} tall. The Mosque is one of the most famous Mughal structures but suffered greatly under the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. In 1993, the Government of Pakistan included the Badshahi Mosque in the tentative list for [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]].<ref name="whc.unesco.org">{{cite web|author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1277/ |title=Badshahi Mosque, Lahore – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=Whc.unesco.org |access-date=2014-01-02}}</ref>

====Additional monuments====
{{See also|Bibi Ka Maqbara|Tomb of Safdar Jang}}

Additional monuments from this period are associated with women from Aurangzeb's imperial family. The construction of the elegant [[Zeenat-ul-Masajid|Zinat al-Masjid]] in [[Daryaganj]] was overseen by Aurangzeb's second daughter [[Zinat-un-Nissa Begum|Zinat-al-Nissa]]. Aurangzeb's sister [[Roshanara Begum|Roshan-Ara]] who died in 1671. The tomb of [[Roshanara Begum]] and the garden surrounding it were neglected for a long time and are now in an advanced state of decay.

====Bibi ka Maqbara====
[[File:Bibi Ka Maqbara - The Taj Of Deccan.jpg|thumb|[[Bibi Ka Maqbara]] is a tomb in [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra]], which was commissioned by [[Aurangzeb]] in the memory of his wife, [[Dilras Banu Begum]]]][[Bibi Ka Maqbara]] was a mausoleum commissioned by Emperor Aurangzeb, in the late 17th century as a loving tribute to his first wife, [[Dilras Banu Begum|Dilras Bano Begum]] in [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], [[Maharashtra]]. Some accounts suggest that later it was taken care by Azam Shah, son of aurangzeb. It is a replica of the Taj Mahal, and was designed by Ata-Ullah, the son of [[Ustad Ahmad Lahori|Ahmed Lahori]], who was the principal designer of the Taj Mahal.

===Late Mughal===
====Lalbagh Fort====
[[File:Awesome look of Lalbagh Fort.jpg|thumb|[[Lalbagh Fort]] in Dhaka, an incomplete fort commissioned by [[Muhammad Azam Shah|Azam Shah]]]]
[[Lalbagh Fort]] (also known as "Fort Aurangabad"), a Mughal palace fortress at the Buriganga River in the southwestern part of [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]], whose construction started in 1678 during the reign of Aurangzeb's son Azam Shah.

====Sunehri Mosque====
{{main|Sunehri Mosque, Lahore}}

[[File:Sunehri_masjid_top_view_2.JPG|thumb|The 18th-century [[Sunehri Mosque, Lahore|Sunehri Mosque]] is named for its [[gilded]] domes.]]
Sunehri Mosque is a late Mughal-era mosque in the [[Walled City of Lahore]], [[Pakistan]]. Sunehri Mosque was built in 1753 when the empire was in decline, during the reign of [[Muhammad Shah]].

====Tomb of Safdar Jang====
The [[Tomb of Safdar Jang|Tomb of Safdar Jung]] completed in 1754 is one of the last examples of Mughal Architecture.

==== Khan Mohammad Mridha Mosque ====
The [[Khan Mohammad Mridha Mosque]] is a historical mosque near [[Lalbagh Fort]] in Dhaka, Bangladesh.<ref name=begum>{{cite thesis|title=Bengal's contribution to Islamic studies during the 18th century|publisher=[[Aligarh Muslim University]]|year=1994|chapter=Religious institutions of Bengal in the eighteenth century: Mosque of Khan Muhammad Mirdha|pages=43|first=Shabnam|last=Begum}}</ref><ref name="BBC Bangladesh; Khan Mohammad Mridah mosque">{{cite news |title=ঢাকায় মুঘল সাম্রাজ্যের জৌলুশ সম্পর্কে কী জানা যায়? |year=2024 |url=https://www.bbc.com/bengali/articles/cw0vr9dzkjxo |access-date=17 July 2024 |agency=BBC Bangladesh |publisher=BBC |language=Ba}}</ref>

The mosque was built in Atish Khan Mahalla by order of Khan Mohammad Mridha under the instruction of Qadi Ibadullah in 1706 CE. The mosque rises above its surroundings because the tahkhana or underground rooms of the mosque are above grade. The roof of the tahkhana forms the platform on which the mosque is situated. The spacious prayer place before the main mosque is open in all directions allowing air to flow and keep the interior cool.<ref name="Hasan 01">{{cite book |last=Hasan |first=Syed Mahmudul |date=1980 |orig-year=First published in 1971 |title=Muslim Monuments of Bangladesh |location=Dhaka |publisher=Anjuman Printing Press |page=55 |oclc=8430161}}</ref> Conservation of invaluable heritage sites in the 400-year-old city of Dhaka was ignored for many years. Destruction of heritage sites and historical monuments started during Pakistan period on a moderate scale but it gained momentum after independence. Heritage properties suffered destruction during the rule of military regime in Pakistan.<ref name="Mahbub 03">{{cite book |last=Rahman |first=Mahbubur |date=2011 |title=City of an architect |location=Dhaka |publisher=Delvistaa Publication |page=189 |isbn=978-9843324511}}</ref>

== Gardens ==
{{main article|Mughal garden}}
[[File:Shalimar Gardens.jpg|left|thumb|The [[Shalimar Gardens, Lahore|Shalimar Gardens in Lahore]] are among the most famous Mughal gardens.]]
[[Mughal gardens]] are gardens built by the Mughals in the [[Islamic garden|Islamic style]]. This style was influenced by [[Persian gardens]]. They are built in the [[Charbagh|''char bagh'']] structure, which is a quadrilateral garden layout based on the [[Jannah|four gardens of Paradise]] mentioned in the [[Qur'an]]. This style is intended to create a representation of an earthly utopia in which humans co-exist in perfect harmony with all elements of nature.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=REHMAN|first=ABDUL|title=Changing Concepts of Garden Design in Lahore from Mughal to Contemporary Times|date=2009|journal=Garden History|volume=37|issue=2|pages=205–217|issn=0307-1243|jstor=27821596}}</ref>

The quadrilateral garden is divided by walkways or flowing water into four smaller parts. Significant use of rectilinear layouts are made within the walled enclosures. Some of the typical features include pools, fountains and canals inside the gardens.

Some famous examples of Mughal gardens are the [[Gardens of Babur|Bagh-e-Babur]] at Kabul, [[Mehtab Bagh|Mehtab Bagh gardens]] at the Taj Mahal, gardens at Humayun's Tomb, [[Shalimar Gardens, Lahore|Shalimar Gardens]] at Lahore, [[Wah Gardens]] in Wah, [[Khusro Bagh]] at [[Allahabad|Prayagraj]], as well as [[Pinjore Gardens]] at [[Haryana]].

The ensemble of six Mughal Gardens of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] ([[Pari Mahal]], [[Nishat Bagh]], [[Shalimar Bagh, Srinagar|Shalimar Bagh]], [[Chashme Shahi]], [[Verinag|Verinag Garden]], [[Achabal Gardens]]) are on the [[List of World Heritage Sites in India#Tentative list of Heritage sites|tentative list]] of [[UNESCO World Heritage Sites]] in India.

== Ice house ==
The Mughal emperors adapted Persian's [[Yakchal]] during their ruled.

Humayun (r. 1530–1540, 1555–1556) expanded ice imports from Kashmir to Delhi and Agra, insulating blocks with straw and saltpetre to slow melting, a Persian technique. Early ''Baraf Khana'' (underground pits) stored ice, adapted from 'yakhchāl' for preservation.<ref name="Parodi2014">{{cite journal
| last = Parodi
| first = Laura E.
| title = Humayun’s Tomb: Form, Function, and Meaning in Mughal Architecture
| journal = Muqarnas
| volume = 31
| year = 2014
| pages = 45–47
| publisher = Brill
| doi = 10.1163/22118993-00311P03
| url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/22118993-00311P03
| access-date = 2025-09-10
}} primary source: {{cite book
| last = Abul Fazl
| translator-last = Beveridge
| translator-first = Henry
| title = The Akbarnama of Abu-l-Fazl
| publisher = Asiatic Society of Bengal
| year = 1907
| volume = I
| location = Calcutta
| url = https://archive.org/details/akbarnamaofabul01abuegoog
| access-date = 2025-09-10
}}</ref>

Akbar (r. 1556–1605) organized ice transport from Kashmir to Delhi, Agra, and Lahore via a 14-stage relay system, delivering ice in two days using [[Potassium nitrate|saltpetre]]. The ab-dar khana at Fatehpur Sikri used sandstone cisterns and qanats, resembling yakhchāl, to cool water and make sherbets and early desserts.<ref name="Asher1992Ywkchal">{{harvnb|Asher|1992|pp=39–42}} primary source: {{cite book
| last = Abul Fazl
| translator-last = Blochmann
| translator-first = Heinrich
| title = The Ain-i-Akbari
| publisher = Asiatic Society of Bengal
| year = 1873–1894
| volume = I
| location = Calcutta
| url = https://archive.org/details/ainiakbari00jarrgoog
| isbn = 978-81-7236-149-5
| access-date = 2025-09-10
}} and {{cite book
| last = Bernier
| first = François
| translator-last = Constable
| translator-first = Archibald
| title = Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 1656–1668
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| year = 1891
| location = London
| url = https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/14133
| access-date = 2025-09-10
}} </ref>

During the era of Jahangir (r. 1605–1627), ''Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri'' describes baraf khana as insulated cellars storing ice for palace cooling, food preservation, and kulfi, a frozen milk dessert with pistachios and saffron. Ice was harvested in Lahore from shallow ice pans and stored in straw-lined pits.<ref name="Eraly2000">{{cite book
| last = Eraly
| first = Abraham
| title = Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals
| year = 2000
| location = New Delhi
| pages = 123–125
| isbn = 978-0-14-100143-2
| access-date = 2025-09-10
| url = https://books.google.com/books/about/Emperors_Of_The_Peacock_Throne.html?id=h7kPQs8llvkC&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y
}} primary source: {{cite book
| last = Jahangir
| translator-last1 = Rogers
| translator-first1 = Alexander
| translator-last2 = Beveridge
| translator-first2 = Henry
| title = The Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri: or, Memoirs of Jahangir
| publisher = Royal Asiatic Society
| year = 1909–1914
| volume = I
| location = London
| url = https://archive.org/details/tuzukijahangiri01jahauoft
| isbn = 978-81-215-0758-5
| access-date = 2025-09-10
}}</ref>

Shah Jahan (r. 1628–1658) commissioned a baraf khana in Sirmaur to supply Agra and Delhi’s Red Fort. These underground structures with thick walls stored ice for drinks, food, and kulfi, symbolizing imperial luxury.<ref name="Koch2002">{{cite book
| last = Koch
| first = Ebba
| title = Mughal Architecture: An Outline of Its History and Development (1526–1858)
| publisher = Prestel
| year = 2002
| location = Munich
| pages = 67–70
| isbn = 978-3-7913-2609-2
| access-date = 2025-09-10
| url = https://books.google.com/books/about/Mughal_Architecture.html?id=teFPAAAAMAAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y
}} primary source: {{cite book
| last = Lahori
| first = Abdul Hamid
| editor-last1 = Elliot
| editor-first1 = H.M.
| editor-last2 = Dowson
| editor-first2 = John
| title = The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians
| volume = VII
| publisher = Trübner and Co.
| year = 1877
| location = London
| url = https://archive.org/details/historyofindiaas07elli
| access-date = 2025-09-10
}}</ref>

== Influence ==
Mughal architecture has also influenced later Indian architectural styles, including the [[Indo-Saracenic architecture|Indo-Saracenic style]] of the [[British Raj]], the [[Architecture of Rajasthan|Rajput style]] and the [[Sikh architecture|Sikh style]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}} One scholar has also noted similarities between Mughal architecture and architectural projects within the [[Ethiopian Empire]] in the early 17th century, primarily those sponsored by [[Susenyos I]] and carried out with the help of the [[Jesuits|Jesuit]] missionaries that he patronized. This influence was likely due to the strong connections between the Jesuit missions in Ethiopia and Mughal India at the time. Indian craftsmen, possibly with experience in Mughal constructions, are also reported to have worked on the projects.{{sfn|Martínez d'Alòs-Moner|2017|p=|pp=30–33}}

Several mosques in [[Malaysia]], such as the [[Kapitan Keling Mosque]], [[Jamek Mosque]], and [[Zahir Mosque]], were influenced by Mughal architecture in their designs.<ref name="THE INFLUENCE OF MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE ON MASJID ZAHIR: CASE STUDY ON FIVE RURAL MOSQUES IN KEDAH, MALAYSIA; Sid Hijaz Md Saaid; Sanusi Hassan">{{cite journal |last1=Md Saaid |first1=Ahmad Sid Hijaz |last2=Sanusi Hassan |first2=Ahmad |date=2019 |title=The influence of Mughal architecture on Masjid Zahir: case study on five rural mosques in Kedah, Malaysia |url=https://www.tuengr.com/V10A/10A12IM.pdf |journal=International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies |language=en |location=Kedah, Malaysia |volume=10 |issue=12 |pages=2–3 |access-date=17 March 2024 |quote=Ali and Hassan (2017) have conducted studies on the elements of Mughal architecture found in Malaysia through case studies in three mosques namely, Masjid Kapitan Keling in Georgetown, Penang, Masjid Alwi in Perlis and Masjid Jamek in Kuala Lumpur. This study had also compared the original elements found in India such as the Jami Mosque of Delhi and Taj Mahal in Agra. The researchers believed this study was not completed because the Mughal architectural elements recorded in the local context did not include the Masjid Zahir. A study by Ibrahim and Abdullah}}</ref> In [[Brunei]], the [[Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque]] also incorporates Mughal influences.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Rui Oliveira Lopes |author2=Nuriskandar bin Mohd Hasnan |title=The Expression of Cultural Identity in Mosque Architecture in Brunei Darussalam |journal=Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia |date=2021 |page=8 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354614534 |access-date=17 March 2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |language=En |quote=...Despite the evident Mughal-style architecture, fortress-like body, and minarets.... }}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="180" heights="120" class="center">
File:Salim Chishti Tomb-2.jpg|''[[Jali]]'' decorative work at the [[Tomb of Salim Chishti]], [[Fatehpur Sikri]].
File:Akbar's Tomb 04.jpg|[[Akbar's Tomb]] at [[Agra]], India, uses red sandstone and white marble, like many of the Mughal monuments. The [[Taj Mahal]] is a notable exception, as it uses only marble.
File:Grave of Emperor Jahangir II.jpg|[[Jahangir]]'s grave at the [[Tomb of Jahangir]], [[Lahore]] is decorated with ''[[parchin kari]]'' work.
File:Tomb of Nisar Begum at Khusro Bagh Allahabad.jpg|Tomb of Nithar Begum at [[Khusro Bagh]], [[Allahabad]], India.
File:Ustad's Tomb Nakodar, Punjab.jpg|One of the [[Tombs of Ustad-Shagird, Nakodar|Tombs of Ustad-Shagird]], [[Nakodar]], India.
File:Agra 03-2016 05 Taj Mahal complex.jpg|The [[Origins and architecture of the Taj Mahal#Great gate (Darwaza-i rauza)|Darwaza-i-Rauza]] (Great Gate) of the [[Taj Mahal]].
File:Red Fort in Delhi 03-2016 img3.jpg|[[Lahori Gate, Red Fort, Delhi|Lahori Gate]] of the [[Red Fort]], [[Delhi]], India.
File:Arabic Calligraphy at Wazir Khan Mosque2.jpg|The ''[[shahada]]'' in [[Arabic calligraphy]] at the [[Wazir Khan Mosque]], [[Lahore]], Pakistan.
File:Dewan-e-Khas (Hall of Special Audience).JPG|''[[Diwan-i-Khas (Lahore Fort)|Diwan-i-Khas]]'' (Hall of private audience) at [[Lahore Fort]].
File:Shah Jahan Mosque Center (20673302596).jpg|[[Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta|Shah Jahan Mosque]] in [[Thatta]], Pakistan. The mosque is not built in the Mughal style, but reflects a heavy [[Iranian architecture|Persian]] influence.
</gallery>

==See also==
{{portal|Architecture}}
*[[Indo-Islamic architecture]]
*[[Indo-Persian culture]]

==References==
{{reflist|33em}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite book |title=Architecture of Mughal India |last=Asher |first=Catherine Blanshard |year=1992 |isbn=9780521267281 |series=The New Cambridge History of India, Part I |volume=4 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ctLNvx68hIC&pg=PA349|access-date=16 July 2017}}
* {{cite book |last1=Bloom |first1=Jonathan M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&pg=PA79 |title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture |last2=Blair |first2=Sheila |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-530991-1 |access-date=2013-03-15}}
* {{cite book|title=Mughal Architecture & Gardens|author=George Michell, Amit Pasricha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B8-FZwEACAAJ|isbn=9781851496709|year=2011|publisher=Antique Collectors' Club }}
* {{cite book|last1=Gupta|first1=Subhadra Sen|last2=Irani|first2=Prakash|title=Fathepur Sikri: Akbar's Magnificent City on a Hill|isbn=9789381523728|ref={{sfnref|Gupta, Fathepur Sikri:Akbar's Magnificent City on a Hill}}|year=2013|publisher=Niyogi Books }}
* {{cite book |last1=Martínez d'Alòs-Moner |first1=Andreu |title=The Archaeology of the Jesuit Missions in Ethiopia (1557–1632) |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004324695 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LtMuDwAAQBAJ |language=En |editor-last=Andreu Martínez d’Alòs-Moner |editor-first=Victor |editor-last2=De Torres |editor-first2=Jorge |editor-last3=Martínez d'Alòs-Moner |editor-first3=Andreu |editor-last4=Cañete |editor-first4=Carlos |year=2017 |chapter=The Infrastructure of the Mission: Convents, Palaces, and Temples}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Sinopoli |first=Carla M. |date=1994 |title=Monumentality and Mobility in Mughal Capitals |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42928323 |journal=Asian Perspectives |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=293–308 |issn=0066-8435}}
{{Islamic architecture}}
{{Islamic art}}
{{Mathematics and art}}
{{Mughal Empire}}
{{Architecture of India}}
{{Architecture of Bangladesh}}{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mughal architecture| ]]
[[Category:Indian architectural styles]]
[[Category:Islamic architecture]]
[[Category:16th-century architecture]]
[[Category:17th-century architecture]]
[[Category:18th-century architectural styles]]

Pottery collection of the Albert Hall Museum

2025-11-21T07:23:21Z

Richa7864: made initial info first draft...

{{Short description|Pottery collection of Albert Hall Museum}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2023}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
[[File:Pottery, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|thumb|Pottery Collection, Albert Hall Museum]]
The '''pottery collection''' of the [[Albert Hall Museum]] in [[Jaipur]], [[India]], is a diverse 19th-century collection. The collection represents a wide range of crafts, techniques, and regions. The display includes [[Ceramic glaze|unglazed]] vessels with ornamental decoration. The [[pottery]] techniques on display include [[Burnishing (pottery)|burnish]]ed, [[lacquer]]ed, [[Slip (ceramics)|slip-painted]], incised wares, and glazed pottery. The museum has representative pieces of Indian craftsmanship and other international pottery styles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Albert Hall Museum houses treasures from the 19th century |url=https://milaap.org/stories/rajasthan-s-oldest-museum-albert-hall-has-preserved-the-expertise-of-artisans-over-time |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=milaap.org |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
The origins of the Albert Hall Museum can be traced to the Jaipur Exhibition of Industrial Crafts and Decorative Items, held in 1883.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tillotson |first=Giles |date=2004 |title=The Jaipur Exhibition of 1883 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25188441 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=111–126 |jstor=25188441 |issn=1356-1863}}</ref> The exhibition was held under the patronage of Maharaja [[Madho Singh II|Sawai Madho Singh II]] (1880–1922). It displayed the works of craftsmen from different parts of India, but gave the artists of [[Rajasthan]] and from Jaipur School of Art were given special attention to exhibit their skills and products.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tillotson |first=Giles Henry Rupert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kmfxexeX3pIC |title=Jaipur Nama: Tales from the Pink City |date=2006 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-400100-2 |language=en}}</ref> It led to the establishment of a permanent museum of industrial arts in Jaipur, the Albert Hall Museum which continues to house the original exhibits from 1883.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why the 1883 Jaipur Exhibition of Industrial Arts was Important for India |url=https://www.sahapedia.org/why-1883-jaipur-exhibition-industrial-arts-was-important-india |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=Sahapedia |language=en}}</ref> The founding collection of pottery was meticulously curated by Colonel Thomas H. Hendley, who collected good examples of pottery from throughout India as well as other countries.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}} Wherever they could not procure the samples, they got replicas or representative pieces manufactured.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hendley |first=Thomas Holbein |url=http://archive.org/details/memorialsofjeypo00hend |title=Memorials of the Jeypore Exhibition 1883 |date=1883 |publisher=[London] : [publisher not identified] |others=Getty Research Institute}}</ref> The museum was formally opened in 1887 with a significant pottery collection at its inception.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}} Mahraja Sawai [[Ram Singh II]] and his successor, Sawai [[Madho Singh II]], were instrumental in enriching the museum by supporting the establishment of Jaipur School of Art in 1866. The training of industrial craft and experiments in pottery supported the pottery collection as conceived by Hendley.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}

<gallery>
File:Jaipur Rulers Ramsingh II and Sawai Madho Singh, Mural, Albert Hall Museum, Jaipur.jpg|Jaipur Rulers Ramsingh II and Sawai Madho Singh, Mural, Albert Hall Museum, Jaipur.
File:T H Hendley.jpg|T. H. Hendley
File:View of Albert Hall, Ram Niwas Bagh,Jaipur.jpg|Albert Hall Museum, Jaipur
File:Handbook to the Jeypore Museum (IA handbooktojeypor00jaip).pdf|Handbook of Jeypore Museum, Hendley
File:Pottery Collection, Albert Hall Museum, Jaipur.jpg|A section of the pottery collection
</gallery>

==Collection==
[[Pottery]] was something used by everyone and was one of the most prolific crafts in 19th-century India. This was a time when European influence was affecting Indian pottery, which had until then evolved in accordance with locally available raw materials, regional craftsmanship, and community needs.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}} Thus, India and its regions had traditionally harboured several styles such as ''kagazi'' or thin-walled slip pottery from [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]] and [[Bahawalpur|Bahwalpur]], [[Bidriware|Bidri]] art or smoked and burnished black ceramics with silver inlay from [[Bengal]] and [[Azamgarh]], the red and white [[Kutch district|Kutch]] pottery are held in the museum collection.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Chandramani |title=Treasures of the Albert Hall Museum Jaipur |publisher=Mapin Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=9781890206000 |location=Jaipur |pages=48–49}}</ref> The collection represents Rajasthan as well as India to the west.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wintle |first=Claire |date=2013 |title=Decolonising the Museum: The case of the Imperial and Commonwealth Institutes |url=https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/publications/decolonising-the-museum-the-case-of-the-imperial-and-commonwealth |journal=Museum and Society |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=185–201 |issn=1479-8360}}</ref> Although, it was generally assumed that India was skilled in production of unglazed pottery, coloured slipware, burnished surfaces, and in previous glazed pottery had also been developed by Indian craftsmen. The glazed earthenware ranging from domestic vessels to tiles, architectural elements and decorative objects are displayed. The collection evidences that Indian craftsmanship illustrated artistic terracotta tiles from temples of Gaur, [[Pandua, Hooghly|Pandua]] and [[Bengal]] to [[Islamic calligraphy]] and geometric patterns [[Multan]], [[Peshawar]], and [[Sindh]]. The collection includes works of the [[Chennai|Madras]], [[Mumbai|Bombay]], and [[Jaipur]] schools. In the process of supplying samples to the museum for exhibition, they developed new techniques.<ref name=":1" />
<gallery>
File:Bikaner Gold Lacquer Pottery, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Gold Lacquer Pottery
File:Patan Pottery Objects, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Pottery from Patan, Gujrat
File:Traditional Glazed Sindh POttery, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Traditional Glazed Sindh Pottery
File:Hala Sindh Pottery, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Hala Sindh Pottery
File:Vase, Sindh, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Vase, Sindh
File:Sindh Pottery Display, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Sindh Pottery Display
File:Perforated Thin-walled Pottery, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Perforated Pottery
File:Bidri ware, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Bidriware
File:Large Fluted Cup with Handle, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Large Fluted Cup with Handle
File:Fluted Surahi with Double Handles, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Fluted Surahi with Double Handles
File:Kagazi Pottery, Albert Hall Musuem.jpg|Kagazi Pottery
File:Multi-spout Pot, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Multi-spout Pot
File:Patan Pottery, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Patan Pottery Tray
</gallery>

===Madras School===
The pottery style of Madras School of Art, which originated in Chinglepet, was the first high-temperature glazed pottery that had a semi-porcelain-like clay body and an opaque glaze was created with cobalt and iron colouring to imitate Chineseware, never before produced in India. J. Hunter, who was instrumental in developing the Madras school, looked to China for the technique but used locally available materials and was even more local in his approach towards the designs and motifs. Madras Pottery used Indian deities,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-02-19 |title=The cradle of art |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-cradle-of-art/article4431646.ece |access-date=2023-04-07 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Indian floral patterns on coloured clay medallions to adorn the surface of the pottery item. <gallery>
File:Ganesha Plaque.jpg|Ganesha Plaque
File:Wide-mouthed Vase, Madras School of Art.jpg|Wide-mouthed Vase
</gallery>

===Jaipur School===
Dr Hunter was instrumental in establishing Jaipur School of Art and modeled its pottery department on Madras style.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Jaipur |first=Government Central Museum |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-cVSgAACAAJ |title=Treasures of the Albert Hall Museum, Jaipur |date=2009 |publisher=Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Rajasthan |isbn=978-81-89995-26-3 |language=en}}</ref> He conducted a geological survey to identify local materials to be used in manufacturing and design of Jaipur pottery. He made use of feldspar, quartz and incorporated art from old blue and white tile work from [[Amber Fort|Amber fort]].<ref name=":1" /> By 1876, Jaipur [[Blue Pottery of Jaipur|Blue Pottery]] developed as a distinctive style which amalgamated the emerging pottery traditions of [[Delhi]] and [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]]. The pottery was made of semi-porcellanous clay with cobalt-blue floral ornamentation on a white or copper-blue base. In the course of time, many experimental designs like mythological figures, hunting scenes, Amber Fort, and Rajput havelis found a place in the pieces exhibited in the collection that housed both decorative and functional pieces. Later pieces also used many colours, other than blue, as background and the later collection has pieces in salmon pink, yellow, brown, and chrome green with more elaborate floral patterns, geometrical designs and ornate frames to showcase the plates.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Chandramani |title=Treasures of the Albert Hall Museum |publisher=Mapin Publishing |year=2009 |location=Jaipur |pages=51}}</ref><gallery>
File:Blue Pottery Jaipur Collection.jpg|Blue pottery Jaipur collection
File:Jaipur Blue Pottery Vase with Raja-Rani Design.jpg|Vase with Raja-Rani design
File:Blue pottery pilgrim flask.jpg|Pilgrim flask
File:Small Vase with leaf shaped handles.jpg|Vase with Rajput architecture motif
File:Narsimha Flask.jpg|Narsimha flask
File:Hanuman Flask.jpg|Hanuman flask
File:Saraswati Piligrim Flask.jpg|Saraswati pilgrim flask
File:Ganesha Pilgrim Flask.jpg|alt=|Ganesha flask
File:Radha and Krishna Jaipur Pottery, Albert Hall Museum, Jaipur.jpg|Radha and Krishna Jaipur pottery
File:Jaipur Blue Pottery, Vishnu Avatar,, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Jaipur blue pottery, Vishnu avatar
</gallery>

===Bombay School===
The Bombay School was established through an endowment by the shipping merchant, [[Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy, 3rd Baronet|Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy]]. In 1872, George Terry, who was teaching at the school, produced a new hybrid style of pottery that combined the art of Sindh and Multan. It became known as "Wonderland Pottery".{{citation needed|date=July 2023}} Bombay pottery was also called "Terryware" after the name of its founder. It used designs and colours inspired by the murals of the [[Ajanta Caves]].{{citation needed|date=July 2023}} Many of these pieces were housed in the pottery collection of the Albert Hall Museum.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hendley |first=Thomas Holbein |url=http://archive.org/details/memorialsofjeypo00hend |title=Memorials of the Jeypore Exhibition 1883 |date=1883 | location=London | publisher=[publisher unknown] |others=Getty Research Institute}}</ref><gallery>
File:Bombay School POttery, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Bombay School Pottery
File:Bombay School Pottery, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Vase with Floral Motifs
File:Wonderland Pottery.jpg|Wonderland Pottery
File:Terryware, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Terryware
</gallery>

==European interventions==
The collection of pottery at the Albert Hall Museum illustrates European interventions in the late 19th century.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}} In one chalice from [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]] in Gujarat, six European-styled dressed figures stand in the arches of its body. Another teapot from [[Bahawalpur]] has a European design with an inset lid and cut spout. The intervention was more direct in Bikaner where the wife of the British political agent, Major A. C. Talbot suggested using Bikaner lacquer art on wood on pottery. The result was majestic gold patterns on pottery that appealed to European residents and visitors.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Chandramani |title=Treasures of the Albert Hall Museum |publisher=Mapin Publishing |year=2009 |location=Jaipur |pages=53}}</ref>

==International collection==
Persian, Turkish, European, and Japanese Pottery were displayed in the museum to expose the visitors to global developments and craftsmanship.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}} Exhibits include a large [[Satsuma ware|Satsuma]] vase created by the Kinkosan family of [[Kyoto]] in [[Japan]], belonging to the [[Meiji era|Meiji]] period. It has elaborate patterns gilded and enamelled in gold and vivid colours that depict [[samurai]]s and [[geisha]]s and scenes of their lives. [[Royal Doulton|Doulton]] and Milton potteries, Queen's Ware, signature pieces of the [[Lambeth School of Art]] showcase English ceramics of the time. Ipsen Pottery by the Danish potter is represented by a pair of [[Amphora]] vases with classical Greco-Roman motifs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaipur Travel, Jaipur Museum, Albert Hall Museum {{!}} Page 4 |url=http://www.jaipurthepinkcity.com/forts_monuments/albert_hall_museum/albert_hall_article_4.htm |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=www.jaipurthepinkcity.com}}</ref><gallery>
File:Pottery from Persia, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Persian Pottery
File:Cup and Saucer, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Cup and Saucer
File:Milk jug, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Milk jug
File:Lidded Box, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Lidded Box
File:Blue Pottery, Albert Hall Musuem, Jaipur.jpg|Blue Pottery
File:POttery depicting Isllamic Architecture, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Pottery depicting Islamic Architecture
File:Pottery with Urdu Couplets, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Pottery with Urdu Couplets
File:Jalidar square, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Jalidar square
File:Peshawar Pottery, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Peshawar Pottery
File:Kaba on Tiles, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Kaba on Tiles
File:Turkish and Persian Pottery, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Turkish and Persian Pottery
File:English Cermaics, Queen's Ware, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|English Ceramics, Queen's Ware
File:POttery with Graeco-Roman motifs, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Pottery with Graeco-Roman motifs
File:Ipsen Pottery, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Ipsen Pottery
File:Etruscan Vase, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Etruscan Vase
File:Hungarian Pottery, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Hungarian Pottery
File:Danish Amphora, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Danish Amphora
File:Persian Pottery, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|Persian Pottery
File:Japanese Vase, Albert Hall Museum.jpg|alt=|Japanese vase
File:Japanese Vase.jpg|Satsuma Vase
</gallery>

==Contribution and legacy==
The collection includes items collected from various places as well as replicas of inaccessible pieces that were made in a designated workshop. The collection documents the historical impact of colonial policies on the craft of pottery and the preservation of local traditions as well as the evolution of new techniques in Indian pottery.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Albert Hall Museum, pottery collection}}
[[Category:Museums in Jaipur]]
[[Category:Collections of museums in India]]
[[Category:Indian pottery]]

Annu Kapoor

2025-11-18T08:41:45Z

Richa7864: fixed layout and cleaned formatting based on references

{{Short description|Indian actor and RJ (born 1956)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Annu Kapoor
| image = Annu Kapoor.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Kapoor in 2016
| birth_name = Anil Kapoor
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1956|2|20}}
| birth_place = [[Bhopal]], [[Bhopal State (1949–56)|Bhopal State]], India (present-day [[Madhya Pradesh]]),
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[National School of Drama]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|television presenter|radio presenter|singer|film director|producer}}
| years_active = 1979–present
| known_for =
| works =
| style =
| awards =
| spouse = {{plain list|
* {{marriage|Anupama Patel|1992|1993|reason=div.}} {{marriage||2008}}
* {{marriage|Arunita Mukherjee|1995|2005|reason=div.}}
}}
| partner =
| children = 4
| parents =
| relatives = [[Om Puri]] (brother-in-law)
| website = {{url|annukapoor.com}}
}}

'''Annu Kapoor''' (born '''Anil Kapoor'''; 20 February 1956){{efn| Annu Kapoor's real name was Anil Kapoor, he changed his name to avoid confusion with [[Anil Kapoor]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |url=https://www.patrika.com/bollywood-news/annu-kapoor-s-real-name-was-anil-kapoor-later-changed-his-name-2394544/ |title=Birthday Special: अन्नू कपूर का असली नाम है अनिल कपूर, 4 की जगह 10 हजार का चैक मिला तो बदलना पड़ा नाम |work=patrika.com |access-date=7 September 2018 |language=hi-IN}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/annu-kapoor-goes-condid-on/article8455427.ece |title=Master raconteur |last=Tripathi |first=Shailaja |date=9 April 2016 |work=The Hindu |access-date=7 September 2018 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |url=https://www.filmyfenil.com/know-annu-kapoors-real-name-anil-kapoor-got-anils-fees-mashaal/ |title=Do You Know: Annu Kapoor's real name is Anil Kapoor & he got Anil's fees in Mashaal! – Filmy Fenil |date=29 August 2016 |work=Filmy Fenil |access-date=7 September 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Annu-Kapoors-name-was-Anil-Kapoor/articleshow/53909674.cms |title=Annu Kapoor's name was Anil Kapoor! – Times of India |work=The Times of India |access-date=7 September 2018}}</ref>}} is an [[Indian people|Indian]] actor, singer, director, radio disc jockey, and television presenter who has appeared in over a hundred films, as well as television series. His career has spanned over 45 years as an actor, producer, director and singer. Besides acting, he also does a [[Radio]] show, named ''Suhaana Safar With Annu Kapoor'' which is broadcast on [[92.7 Big FM]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bigfmindia.com/all-podcast/?playlist=Suhana-Safar-with-Annu-Kapoor-Take-2 |title=Suhana Safar with Annu Kapoor Take-2 |website=Big FM |date=11 April 2019 }}</ref> He has won numerous awards in his career, including two [[National Film Awards]], one [[Filmfare Award]] and two [[Indian Television Academy Awards]].

==Early life==
Annu Kapoor was born Anil Kapoor in Itwara, [[Bhopal]], [[Bhopal State (1949–56)|Bhopal State]], on 20 February 1956, to Madanlal, a [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] father with roots in [[Peshawar]] and Karnal, a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] [[Brahmin]] mother.<ref>Sen, Vishal ''अन्नू कपूर की संक्षिप्त जीवनी: युवा लड़के से सफल व्यक्ति तक'', 2018</ref> His father owned a travelling [[Parsi theatre]] company which performed in cities and towns, and his mother was an [[Urdu]] teacher and a trained classical singer. His grandfather Kripa Ram Kapoor was a doctor in the British Army and his great grandfather Lala Ganga Ram Kapoor, a revolutionary who was executed during the [[Indian independence movement|Indian freedom struggle]].<ref name="TOI2014"/>

Due to poor financial circumstances, he had to quit school following [[secondary education]]. With a salary of ₹ 40, his mother worked as a teacher. On his father's insistence, he joined his theatre company. Following a stint there, he joined [[National School of Drama]] in 1976, after his brother Ranjit Kapoor, who was already a student there insisted. After graduating from the National School of Drama and a brief stint with its repertory company, in 1981, he played a 70-year-old man in the play ''Ek Ruka Hua Faisla'' in [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai). Film director [[Shyam Benegal]] who saw Kapoor perform, sent him a letter of appreciation and signed him for his 1983 film, ''[[Mandi (1983 film)|Mandi]]''.<ref name="TOI2014">{{cite news |title=Annu Kapoor: I would rather die than cheat my wife |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Annu-Kapoor-I-would-rather-die-than-cheat-my-wife/articleshow/44994637.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=1 November 2014 |access-date=6 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Annu Kapoor's Biography |url=http://www.koimoi.com/actor/annu-kapoor/ |website=koimoi.com |access-date=6 November 2014}}</ref>

Kapoor's sister Seema Kapoor was briefly married to actor [[Om Puri]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 August 2016 |title=Om Puri to star in his first wife Seema Kapoor's film |work=Mid Day |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/om-puri-to-star-in-his-first-wife-seema-kapoors-film/17574177}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sinha |first1=Seema |date=6 September 2013 |title=It was painful to see my sister suffer: Annu Kapoor |language=en |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/It-was-painful-to-see-my-sister-suffer-Annu-Kapoor/articleshow/22333435.cms |access-date=3 March 2021}}</ref> His elder brother, Ranjit, is a director and screenwriter and Seema is a producer and actor. Kapoor's younger brother, Nikhil, is a writer and lyricist.

== Personal life ==

=== Relationships and family ===
Kapoor first married Anupama Patel, an American by birth, in 1992 and they divorced in 1993.<ref>{{cite news |date=9 April 2015 |title=Annu Kapoor poses with wife Anupama Kapoor during the premiere of Bollywood movie Dharam Sankat Mein, held at PVR, in Mumbai |work=The Times of India |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/news/events/best-pictures-of-the-day/articleshow/46863021.cms |access-date=3 March 2021}}</ref> Annu then was married to Arunita Mukherjee from 1995 to 2005. He remarried his first wife, Anupama (Pami), in 2008.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Priyanka |date=19 June 2012 |title=Why are divorced Indians remarrying their exes? - Times of India |language=en |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/relationships/love-sex/Why-are-divorced-Indians-remarrying-their-exes/articleshow/13119341.cms |access-date=17 November 2020}}</ref>

Kapoor has four children (three sons - Kavan, Maahir and Evaan - and a daughter, Aradhita) from two marriages.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 February 2012 |title=Anu Kapoor's son Anushuman and wife Anupama during Anu Kapoor's b'day bash at Wild Wild West Restaurant in Mumbai. |work=The Times of India |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/events/mumbai/anu-kapoors-bday-party/Anu-Kapoors-bday-bash/articleshow/11989009.cms |access-date=17 November 2020}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
Born into a [[Hindus|Hindu]] family, Kapoor considers himself to be an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2024 |title=Don't have any relationship with any religion: Annu Kapoor amid 'Hamare Baarah' controversy |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/dont-have-any-relationship-with-any-religion-annu-kapoor-amid-hamare-baarah-controversy-3074537 |website=[[The Deccan Herald]] |quote="I don't have any relationship with any religion. I am an atheist."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2024 |title=Annu Kapoor: Don't have any relationship with any religion |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/annu-kapoor-dont-have-any-relationship-with-any-religion/cid/2028625 |website=[[The Telegraph India]]}}</ref>

== Career ==
===Acting===

He made his screen debut ''Aadharshila'' (1982) during his days in [[Delhi]], his debut in the professional film industry in [[Mumbai]] was in ''Mandi'' (1983) and BETAB ''Khandar'' (1984). He got his first breakthrough with ''[[Utsav]]'' (1984), in which he portrayed the role of Masseur. For which he got his first nomination in the [[Filmfare Awards]] in the category of [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Performance in a Comic Role]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Utsav (1984) |publisher=Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) |url=http://cbfcindia.gov.in/html/SearchDetails.aspx?mid=29752&Loc=Backlog |date=23 August 1984 |access-date=13 May 2014}}</ref> Subsequently he starred in many critically and commercially acclaimed films like ''[[Mr. India (1987 film)|Mr. India]]'' (1987), ''[[Tezaab]]'' (1988), ''[[Ram Lakhan]]'' (1990), ''[[Ghayal (1990 film)|Ghayal]]'' (1990), ''[[Hum (film)|Hum]]'' (1991), ''[[Darr]]'' (1993), ''[[Sardar (1993 film)|Sardar]]'' (1993), ''[[Om Jai Jagadish]]'' (2002), ''[[Aitraaz]]'' (2004) and ''[[7 Khoon Maaf]]'' (2011).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bestoftheyear.in/movie/ram-lakhan/ |title=Ram Lakhan (1989) - Lifetime Box Office Collection, Budget & Reviews |website=BOTY |date=11 July 2018 |language=en-US |access-date=25 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/oct/21ghai.htm |title=Ram Lakhan: Where good wins over evil |website=Rediff |access-date=25 June 2019}}</ref>

Kapoor began his career as a stage actor in 1979 and was noticed in 1984's ''Ek Ruka Hua Faisla'', directed by Basu Chatterjee and written by elder brother Ranjeet.<ref>{{cite news |title=Annu Kapoor: Basu dada never asked for too many takes |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/annu-kapoor-basu-dada-never-asked-for-too-many-takes/22826227 |access-date=20 August 2020 |work=mid-day |date=5 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Annu made his film debut in ''[[Mandi (1983 film)|Mandi]]'', (directed by [[Shyam Benegal]]) in 1983. His career has spanned over 30 years, including [[Bollywood]] cinema, television serials and [[game show]]s. Kapoor is best remembered for hosting the singing show ''[[Titan Antakshari|Close-Up Antakshari]]'', produced by [[Zee TV]]. His performance as an obsessive-compulsive sperm-bank physician in 2012's ''[[Vicky Donor]]'' met with critical and popular acclaim. He worked in the horror TV serial ''Kile ka Rahasya'' (1989) as a cop who was fond of singing.

Kapoor has also appeared in ''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana 2]]''.<ref name= "Times of India, 2012b">{{cite news |title=Vicky Donor Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/Vicky-Donor/movie-review/12729176.cms |access-date=3 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=20 April 2012}}</ref>
His second big breakthrough came with ''[[Vicky Donor]]'' (2012), he portrayed the role of Dr. Baldev Chadha. His performance was lauded by critics and audiences, for which he won a [[Filmfare Award]], a [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA Award]], a [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]], a [[Screen Award]] all in the category of Best Supporting Actor. After ''[[Vicky Donor]]'', he starred in ''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana 2]]'' (2013), ''[[Shaukeen (2014 film)|Shaukeen]]'' (2014), ''[[Saat Uchakkey]]'' (2016), ''[[Jolly LLB 2]]'' (2017), ''[[Missing (2018 film)|Missing]]'' (2018), ''[[Dream Girl (2019 film)|Dream Girl]]'' (2019), ''[[Khuda Haafiz]]'' (2020) and ''[[Suraj Pe Mangal Bhari]]'' (2020).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/jolly-llb-2-akshay-kumar-is-the-most-commercially-viable-superstar-says-annu-kapoor-4507958/ |title=Akshay Kumar is the most commercially viable superstar, says Annu Kapoor |last=Sharma |first=Dipti |date=9 February 2017 |publisher=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2020 |title=Vidyut Jammwal starrer Khuda Haafiz to release on Disney Plus Hotstar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/khuda-haafiz-vidyut-jammwal-disney-plus-hotstar-release-6481690/ |access-date=5 July 2020 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/dream-girl-movie-review-ayushmann-khurrana-film-is-rofl-all-the-way-but-that-s-all-1598644-2019-09-13 |last=Thakur |first=Charu |title=Dream Girl Movie Review: Ayushmann Khurrana film is ROFL all the way. But that's all |website=India Today |language=en |access-date=13 September 2019 |date=13 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2020 |first=Kunal GuhaKunal |last=Guha |title=Suraj Pe Mangal Bhari review: This Manoj Bajpayee, Diljit Dosanjh and Fatima Sana Shaikh-starrer doesn't employ your brains too much but leaves largely satisfied |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-review/suraj-pe-mangal-bhari-review-this-manoj-bajpayee-fatima-sana-shaikh-diljit-dosanjh-starrer-doesnt-employ-your-brains-too-much-but-leaves-largely-satisfied/articleshow/79210712.cms |access-date=19 November 2020 |website=Mumbai Mirror |language=en}}</ref>

===Television===
In 2007, ''Antakshari – The National Challenge'' was relaunched on [[STAR One]]. The previous year, its "final" episode was telecast; the programme's initial run was from 1993 to 2006. His range of roles varies from portrayal as Saint Kabir in [[DD National]] TV serial of the same name, as Mahatma Gandhi in ''Sardar'' and Veer Savarkar in ''Kaala Pani'', to police inspector in ''7 Khoon Maaf'', a petty thief in ''Utsav'' to comedic villain in ''Hum''.

''The Golden Era – With Annu Kapoor'' on the [[Mastiii]] channel is a nostalgia TV show about Indian cinema, adorned with classical era's Hindi film songs and commentary by Annu Kapoor on unheard tales of Bollywood Cinema's Legends.<ref>[http://vimeo.com/29774233 The Golden Era with Annu Kapoor], Montage on Vimeo</ref>

Despite films, Annu has been very active in television shows. He is also known for judging and hosting the 90's musical show ''[[Titan Antakshari|Antakshari]]'' (1993-2005) and ''Golden Era with Annu Kapoor'' (2011).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k7/may/mayrel86.php |title='Colgate Maxfresh Antakshari - The Great Challenge Little Stars' starts 4 June 7.30pm only on Star Plus |date=31 May 2007 |website=Indian Television Dot Com |access-date=1 August 2021 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128191632/http://www.indiantelevision.com/release/y2k7/may/mayrel86.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> He has also appeared in some television series like ''[[Param Vir Chakra (TV series)|Param Vir Chakra]]'' (1988), ''Ajnabi'' (1994), ''Kabeer'' (1995), ''Gubbare'' (1999) etc.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maker of innovative, meaningful movies |author=Randor Guy |authorlink=Randor Guy |work=The Hindu |date=14 June 2007 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/maker-of-innovative-meaningful-movies/article2272748.ece |accessdate=13 August 2014}}</ref>

===As a radio presenter===
Currently, he does a radio programme on 92.7 Big FM called "Suhaana Safar with Annu Kapoor on 92.7 Big FM". It's a daily show that features nationally on the radio networks covering all Hindi speaking radio stations across the country. He recreates the magic of the Golden era with unforgettable melodies of that era and untold stories of the stars and films of the Hindi Cinema. The show comes with the tagline "Filmy Duniya Ki Kahi Ankahi Kahaniya".

===Director===
Kapoor has directed several plays. He also directed a feature film ''[[Abhay (The Fearless)]]'', starring Nana Patekar, Moon Sen and Benjamin Gilani) for the [[Children's Film Society, India]]. The film won the 1995 [[National Film Award for Best Children's Film]].<ref>[http://cfsindia.org/abhay-the-fearless/ ABHAY (The Fearless)] Children's Film Society India</ref><ref name="42ndawardPDF">{{cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/42nd_nff_1995.pdf |title=42nd National Film Awards |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |access-date=5 March 2012}}</ref>

===Producer===
Kapoor produced a musical talent contest for children (''Aao Jhoomein Gaayen'' for [[SAB TV]]) and a Bengali-language musical talent-hunt show, ''Gaan Gaao Taaka Naao'' on [[Ruposhi Bangla (TV channel)|Rupashi Bangla]] TV in [[Kolkata]]. He also produced a musical in [[Mathura]] entitled ''Ek Sunhari Shyam''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Laghate |first1=Gaurav |title=STAR Jalsha, JALSHA Movies, Ruposhi Bangla garner record ratings |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/star-jalsha-jalsha-movies-garner-record-ratings-113010400229_1.html |work=Business Standard India |date=4 January 2013}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Directed venture===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Notes
|-
| 1994
| ''[[Abhay (1994 film)|Abhay - The Fearless]]''
|
|}

===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
!Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
|rowspan=2|1983
|''[[Mandi (1983 film)|Mandi]]''|| ||
|-
|''[[Betaab (1983 film)|Betaab]]''|| Chelaram||
|-
|rowspan=3|1984
|''[[Mashaal]]''|| Nagesh||
|-
|''[[Khandhar]]''|| Anil||
|-
|''[[Utsav]]''|| Masseur||
|-
|rowspan=2|1985
|''[[Arjun (1985 film)|Arjun]]''|| Babu Ram ||
|-
|''[[Damul]]''|| Sanjeevan ||
|-
|rowspan=2|1986
|''[[Ek Ruka Hua Faisla]]''|| Juror #9||
|-
|''[[Chameli Ki Shaadi]]''|| Chhadami Lal||
|-
|rowspan=3|1987
|''[[Susman (film)|Susman]]''|| Lakshmaya||
|-
|''[[Mr. India (1987 film)|Mr. India]]''|| Mr. Gaitonde (editor)||
|-
|''[[Diljalaa]]''|| Fakir Baba ||
|-
|rowspan=4|1988
|''Khoon Bahaa Ganga Mein''|| ||
|-
|''[[The Perfect Murder (1988 film)|The Perfect Murder]]''|| Tiny man||
|-
|''[[Gunahon Ka Faisla]]''|| Dinu||
|-
|''[[Tezaab]]''|| Abbas Ali / Guldasta||
|-
|rowspan=7|1989
|''[[ChaalBaaz]]''|| Daya Tribhuvan's servant||
|-
|''[[Elaan-E-Jung]]''|| ||
|-
|''[[Dost (1989 film)|Dost]]''|| Forest officer||
|-
|''[[Aakhri Ghulam|Aakhri Gulam]]''|| ||
|-
|''[[Main Azaad Hoon]]''|| Munna / Azaad ||
|-
|''[[Rakhwala (1989 film)|Rakhwala]]''|| Constable Atmaram ||
|-
|''[[Ram Lakhan]]''|| Shiv Charan Mathur||
|-
|rowspan=5|1990
|''[[Ghayal (1990 film)|Ghayal]]''|| Drunkard||
|-
|''Aawaz De Kahan Hai''|| Hariya (AKA Harry)||
|-
|''Pyasi Nigahen''|| Susheel||
|-
|''[[Veeru Dada]]''|| Ibrahim Gharewali||
|-
|''Zakhmi Zameen''|| Madhav||
|-
|rowspan=5|1991
|''[[Hum (film)|Hum]]''|| Havaldar Arjun Singh||
|-
|''[[Vishnu-Devaa]]''|| Petty thief||
|-
|''[[Yodha (1991 film)|Yodha]]''|| Umeed Singh||
|-
|''[[Jamai Raja (film)|Jamai Raja]]''|| Paltu/I.C. Mishra||
|-
|''Ranbhoomi''|| Stationmaster||
|-
|rowspan=3|1992
|''Paayal''|| Pardesi||
|-
|''[[Jeena Marna Tere Sang]]''|| ||
|-
|''[[Muskurahat (1992 film)|Muskurahat]]''|| Jaggan||
|-
|rowspan=5|1993
|''[[Darr]]''|| Vikram "Vicky" Oberoi||
|-
|''[[Gardish]]''|| Manishbhai Harishbhai ||
|-
|''[[Waqt Hamara Hai]]''|| Cafeteria supervisor ||
|-
|''[[Dil Ki Baazi]]''|| Bihari Daulatram's cook ||
|-
|''[[Shreemaan Aashique]]''|| Masterji (song "Is Se Jyada Dukh Na Koi") ||
|-
|rowspan=2|1994
|''[[Sardar (1993 film)|Sardar]]''||[[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]]||
|-
|''[[Drohkaal]]''|| Surinder||
|-
|rowspan=2|1995
|''[[Jawab (1995 film)|Jawab]]''|| Ladle ||
|-
|''[[Anokha Andaaz]]''|| Charlie||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anokha Andaaz - Movie - - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=2984 |access-date=9 January 2025 |website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|1996
|''[[Vijeta (1996 film)|Vijeta]]''|| Constable Chamanlal ||
|-
|''[[Kala Pani (1996 film)|Kala Pani]]''||[[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]] || [[Malayalam]] Film
|-
|1997
|''[[Udaan (1997 film)|Udaan]]''||Anand Lagpade ||
|-
|rowspan=2|1999
|''[[Kachche Dhaage]]''|| ||
|-
|''[[Arjun Pandit (1999 film)|Arjun Pandit]]''||Dr. Imran||
|-
|2000
|''Tune Mera Dil Le Liyaa''|| K.K.'s assistant||
|-
|rowspan=2|2002
|''[[Hum Kisise Kum Nahin (2002 film)|Hum Kisise Kum Nahin]]''|| Munnu Mobile||
|-
|''[[Om Jai Jagadish]]''||KK ||
|-
|rowspan=3|2004
|''[[Aitraaz]]''|| Barrister Ram Chauthrani||
|-
|''[[Raincoat (film)|Raincoat]]''|| Landlord ||
|-
|''Kuch To Gadbad Hai''|| Justice Balwant Khanna||
|-
|2008
|''[[Mehbooba (2008 film)|Mehbooba]]''|| Hari Singh / Lal Singh ||
|-
|2009
|''[[The Fakir of Venice]]''{{efn|Theatrically released in 2019}}||Sattar||
|-
|2011
|''[[7 Khoon Maaf]]''|| Inspector Keemat Lal||
|-
|rowspan=2|2012
|''[[Gali Gali Chor Hai]]''|| Constable Parasuram Khuswa||
|-
|''[[Vicky Donor]]''|| Dr. Baldev Chaddha||
|-
| 2013
|''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana 2]]''|| Sir Yograj Khanna ||
|-
| rowspan=5| 2014
|''[[The Shaukeens]]''|| Kamaldheer "KD" Sharma ||
|-
|''[[Badlapur Boys]]''|| Surajbhan Singh ||
|-
|''Muavza''|| Bechu Bhai ||
|-
|''Kisi Ne Titli Ko Dekha Hai Kya''|| ||
|-
|''[[Jai Ho Democracy]]''|| ||
|-
| rowspan=2| 2015
|''[[Dharam Sankat Mein]]''|| Advocate Nawab Mehmood Shah||
|-
|''[[Miss Tanakpur Haazir Ho]]''|| Sualaal Gandass||
|-
| 2016
|''[[Saat Uchakkey]]''|| Bichhi ||
|-
| 2017
|''[[Jolly LLB 2]]''||Advocate Pramod Mathur||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2018
|''[[Ba Baa Black Sheep]]''||Brian Morris/Santa Claus||
|-
|''[[Missing (2018 film)|Missing]]''|| Inspector Ramkhilawan Buddhu ||
|-
|''Mangal Ho''||[[Giani Zail Singh]]||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2019
|''[[Dream Girl (2019 film)|Dream Girl]]'' || Jagjit Singh ||
|-
| ''[[Khandaani Shafakhana]]'' || Baby's uncle ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2020
|''[[Darbaan]]'' || Narrator || Released on [[Zee5]]
|-
|''[[Suraj Pe Mangal Bhari]]''|| Shantaram Kaka ||
|-
|| ''[[Khuda Haafiz]]''||Usman Hamid Ali Murad||
|-
| 2021
|''[[Chehre]]''|| Adv. Paramjeet Singh Bhullar||
|-
| rowspan="5" |2023
|''[[Non Stop Dhamaal]]''||Satinder ||
|-
|''[[Dream Girl 2]]'' ||Jagjit Singh ||
|-
|''[[Rules Ranjann]]'' || || [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] film
|-
|''Sab Moh Maaya Hai''|| ||
|-
|''[[Dry Day]]'' || Dauji ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |2024
|''[[The Signature]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Signature: Meet Annu Kapoor as Prabhakar in the new poster of Anupam Kher's film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/the-signature-meet-annu-kapoor-as-prabhakar-in-the-new-poster-of-anupam-khers-film/3a1c75a917369 |access-date=28 September 2024 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Hamare Baarah]]''|| Manzoor Ali Khan Sanjari ||<ref name="HT">{{cite news |last= |first= |date=8 August 2022|title=Annu Kapoor's Hum Do Hamare Baarah 'not targeting any community': Director reacts to criticism|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/annu-kapoor-s-hum-do-hamare-baarah-not-targeting-any-community-says-director-101659934238577.html|newspaper=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Shaitaan (2024 film)|Shaitaan]]'' || Nitin Rishi ||
|-
|''[[Luv Ki Arrange Marriage]]'' || Prem, Luv's father || <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1 June 2024 |title=Luv Ki Arrange Marriage: Sunny Singh-Avneet Kaur starrer to release on ZEE5 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/luv-ki-arrange-marriage-trailer-sunny-singh-avneet-kaur-starrer-release-zee5-date/ |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|
| style="background:#ffc;"| ''[[]]'' ||||
|-
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
! Programme !! Notes
|-
| ''Khari-Khari''|| Rajendra Bhatia
|-
| ''Darpan'' (two stories) || Basu Chatterji
|-
| '' Pathrai Aankhon Ke Sapne '' (Tele Film) || Pramod Soni
|-
| ''Phatichar'' || Dr Quack
|-
| ''Kabir'' || Anil Chaudry
|-
| ''Satya Ray Presents'' (one story) || Satyajit Ray
|-
| ''Param Vir Chakra'' || Chetan Anand
|-
| ''Quile Ka Rahasya'' || Seema Kapoor
|-
| ''Close Up Antakshari'' || Gajendra Singh
|-
| ''Chekhov Ki Duniya'' (one story) || Ranjit Kapoor
|-
| ''Idea Jalsa'' || By Durga Jasraj
|-
| ''Wheel Smart Shrimati'' || For [[Doordarshan]]
|-
| ''Junoon Kuch Kar Dikhane Ka'' || Gajendra Singh
|-
| ''Ek Se Badkar Ek'' || Chota Packet
|-
| ''Bada Dhamaka'' || Ki Funshala
|-
| ''Golden Era With Annu Kapoor'' || Mastiii
|-
| ''Itihaas Gavah Hai(Voice Over)'' || News24
|-
| ''[[Paurashpur]]'' || ALTBalaji
|-
|''[[Crash Course (Indian web series)|Crash Course]]''
|Amazon Prime Video
|}

===Radio (RJ)===
{| class="wikitable"
! Show !! Radio Station Name
|-
| ''Suhaana Safar With Annu Kapoor'' || 92.7 Big FM
|}

===Theatre===
====Parsi theatre====
* ''Laila Majnu''
* ''Harischandra''
* ''Shirin-Farhad''
* ''Bhakta Prahlad''
* ''Shree Krishna Avtar''
* ''Dahi Wali''
* ''Qatl-e-Tamizan''

==== Modern plays ====
* ''Antim Yatra'': Directed by Barry John
* ''Three Sisters'': Written by [[Anton Chekhov]], directed by E. Alkazi
* ''The Great God Brown'' by [[Eugene O'Neill]]
* ''[[The Zoo Story]]'' by [[Edward Albee]]
* ''Ek Ruka Hua Faisla''

==Awards==

{|class= "wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Nominated work
!Result
!Ref(s)
|-
| 1986
| [[Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Performance in a Comic Role]]
| ''[[Utsav]]''
| {{Nom}}
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Best Lyricist (Popular) |publisher=Filmfare Awards Official wlistings, [[Indiatimes]] |url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/cms.dll/articleshow?artid=33781002 |access-date=12 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518160558/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/cms.dll/articleshow?artid=33781002 |archive-date=18 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|1994
| [[Awards ceremony|V. Shantaram Award]]
|Best Director
|rowspan="2"|''[[Abhay (1994 film)|Abhay]]''
|{{won}}
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eventfaqs.com/news/ef-09727/v-shantaram-awards-ceremony-ym02t32w9n |title=V. Shantaram Awards Ceremony |website=Event FAQs |accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref>
|-
| [[National Film Awards]]
|[[National Film Award for Best Children's Film|Best Children’s Film]]
|{{won}}
| <ref>[[National Film Award for Best Children's Film]]</ref>
|-
| 2002
| Rowspan=2|[[Indian Telly Awards]]
| Rowspan=2|[[Indian Telly Award for Best Anchor|Best Anchor]]
| rowspan="4"|''[[Titan Antakshari|Antakshari]]''
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2002 Popular Awards nominees|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k2/personality.htm|access-date=16 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016115836/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k2/personality.htm|archive-date=16 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2|2003
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite news|title=Telly awards 2003 Popular Awards winners|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k3/winners.htm|access-date=16 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915081219/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k3/winners.htm|archive-date=15 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[Indian Television Academy Awards|ITA Awards]]
| rowspan="2"|Best Anchor
| {{won}}{{efn|Tied with [[Nikhil Chinapa]]}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gr8mag.com/posts.php?id=322 |title=GR8! TV Magazine - THE INDIAN TELEVISION ACADEMY AWARDS, 2003 |website=gr8mag.com |access-date=25 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2004
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gr8mag.com/posts.php?id=323 |title=GR8! TV Magazine - THE INDIAN TELEVISION ACADEMY AWARDS, 2004 |website=gr8mag.com |access-date=25 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="8"|2013
| [[Apsara Awards]]
| Best Actor in a Comic Role
| rowspan="8"|''[[Vicky Donor]]''
| {{Won}}
| <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/star-guild-awards-2013-salman-khan-debuts-as-host-vidya-balan-ranbir-kapoor-win-best-actors-awards-full-list-of-winners-436113 |title=Star Guild Awards 2013: Salman Khan Debuts as Host; Vidya Balan, Ranbir Kapoor Win Best Actors Awards [Full List of Winners] |work=International Business Times |date=17 February 2013 |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA Awards]]
| [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|{{won}}
|rowspan=2| <ref>{{cite news |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/iifa-2013/iifa-awards-2013-the-winners-are-finally-here_138502.html |title=IIFA Awards 2013: The winners are finally here! |work=Zee News |date=7 July 2013 |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>
|-
|[[IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Performance in a Comic Role]]
|{{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|{{won}}
| <ref>{{cite web |title=58th Idea Filmfare Awards nominations are here! |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/58th-idea-filmfare-awards-nominations-are-here-2123.html |publisher=[[Filmfare Awards]] |date=13 January 2013 |access-date=13 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
| [[National Film Awards]]
| [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/60th-national-film-awards-the-list-of-winners-597427.html |title=60th National Film Awards: The list of winners |work=News18 |access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Screen Awards]]
| [[Screen Award for Best Comedian|Best Comedian]]
| {{won}}{{efn|Tied with [[Abhishek Bachchan]]}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-of-19th-annual-colors-screen-awards/ |title=Winners of 19th Annual Colors Screen Awards |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=12 January 2013 |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref>
|-
| [[Times of India Film Awards]]
| Best Supporting Actor
|{{won}}
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/toifa-2016-nominations-deepika-padukones-piku-bajirao-mastani-lead-full-list-nominees-668450 |title=TOIFA 2016: Full Nomaination List|website=[[International Business Times]] |date=27 February 2016 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Zee Cine Awards]]
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role|Best Actor in a Comic Role]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>[[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role]]</ref>
|-
| 2014
| [[Stardust Awards]]
| [[Stardust Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| ''[[The Shaukeens]]''
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web| title = Stardust Awards 2015: List of Winners| work = NDTVMovies.com| date = 12 January 2015| access-date = 18 March 2016| url = http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/stardust-awards-2014-list-of-winners-713190}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| [[Zee Cine Awards]]
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role|Best Actor in a Negative Role]]
|''[[Jolly LLB 2]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.zeecineawards.com/timeline/2018/winners/ |title=2018 Archives – Zee Cine Awards |website=Zee Cine Awards |language=en-US |access-date=31 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2018
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| Best Actor in a Web Series
| rowspan="2"|''[[Home (web series)|Home]]''
| {{nom}}
| <ref>[https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2018/ita-2018-winners-list-divyanka-tripathi-surbhi-chandna-harshad-chopra-sunil-grover-others-bag-awards/articlecontent-pf273007-280383.html ITA 2018 Winners List: Supriya Pilgoankar, Annu Kapoor wins big!]</ref>
|-
| [[Awards ceremony|Streaming Awards]]
| Best Actor
| {{won }}
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=-w7Z3-WIV9Y |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/-w7Z3-WIV9Y |archive-date=14 December 2021 |url-status=live |title=Winners List: Streaming Awards, September 2018 Edition|website=[[YouTube]] |date=October 2018 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|}

==Footnotes==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}

{{Navboxes
| title = Awards for Annu Kapoor
| list =
{{NationalFilmAwardBestSupportingActor}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestSupportingActor}}
{{IIFAAwardBestSupportingActor}}
{{Screen Award Best Comedian}}
{{StarGuildAwardBestSupportingActor}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kapoor, Annu}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors from Bhopal]]
[[Category:National School of Drama alumni]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Bengali people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Best Supporting Actor National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Directors who won the Best Children's Film National Film Award]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Screen Awards winners]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]
[[Category:Indian game show hosts]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian atheists]]
[[Category:Indian former Hindus]]

Sina Kolegaon Dam

2025-11-09T17:10:12Z

Richa7864: put up a data

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox dam
| name = Sina Kolegaon Dam
| image =
| image_caption =
| name_official = Sina Kolegaon Dam D03028
| dam_crosses = Sina river
| location = (Rosa village)
Paranda
| dam_type =
| dam_length =
| dam_height = {{convert|36.6|m|abbr=on}}
| dam_width_base =
| dam_width_crest =
| dam_volume = {{convert|234|km3|abbr=on}}
| spillway_type =
| spillway_capacity =
| construction_began =
| opening = 2007<ref>{{cite web | url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Sina_Kolegaon_D03028 | title=Sina Kolegaon D03028 | accessdate=1 March 2013}}</ref>
| cost =
| owner = [[Government of Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| res_name =
| res_capacity_total = {{convert|89340|km3|abbr=on}}
| res_catchment =
| res_surface = {{convert|1529|km2|abbr=on}}
| res_max_depth =
| plant_operator =
| plant_turbines =
| plant_capacity =
| plant_annual_gen =
| plant_commission =
| plant_decommission =
| location_map = India Maharashtra#India
| location_map_caption =
| location_map_size =
| coordinates = {{coord|18.3187786|75.3957528|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| website =
| extra =
}}

'''Sina Kolegaon Dam''' is a dam on Sina river near [[Paranda]], Dharashiv District in the state of [[Maharashtra]] in [[India]].

==Specifications==
The height of the dam above lowest foundation is {{convert|36.6|m|abbr=on}}. The volume content is {{convert|234|km3|abbr=on}} and gross storage capacity is {{convert|150490.00|km3|abbr=on}}.<ref>[http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf Specifications of large dams in India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721165130/http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/National%20Register%20of%20Large%20Dams%202009.pdf |date=21 July 2011 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Dams in Maharashtra]]
* [[List of reservoirs and dams in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Dams in Osmanabad district]]
[[Category:Dams completed in 2007]]
[[Category:2007 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Shri Dutt Sharma

2025-09-01T09:39:14Z

Richa7864:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Shri Dutt Sharma
| honorific-suffix =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| constituency = [[Ghonda (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Ghonda]]
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[Sixth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
| term_start = Mar 2015
| term_end = Feb 2020
| predecessor = [[Sahab Singh Chauhan]]
| successor = [[Ajay Mahawar]]
| constituency2 =
| office2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| constituency3 =
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| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1960|07|01}}<ref name="Member Profile">{{cite news|title=Member Profile|publisher=Legislative Assembly official website|accessdate=June 21, 2015|url=http://delhiassembly.nic.in/aspfile/whos_who/VIthAssembly/WhosWho/ShriDuttSharma.htm|archive-date=15 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015212951/http://delhiassembly.nic.in/aspfile/whos_who/VIthAssembly/WhosWho/ShriDuttSharma.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
| birth_place = Delhi<ref name="Member Profile"/>
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| birthname =
| parents =
| citizenship = Indian
| nationality = Indian
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]<ref name="Member Profile"/>
| otherparty =
| spouse =
| partner =
| relations =
| children = 2
| residence = Delhi
| alma_mater = [[Intermediate examination from CBSE]]<ref name="Candidate affidavit">{{cite news|title=Candidate affidavit|publisher=My neta.info|accessdate=June 21, 2015|url=http://myneta.info/delhi2015/candidate.php?candidate_id=300|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202001437/http://myneta.info/delhi2015/candidate.php?candidate_id=300|url-status=live}}</ref>
| occupation =
| profession = Businessman & politician
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website = www.mlacare.in
| footnotes =
| blank1 =
| data1 =
}}

''' Shri Dutt Sharma ''' is an Indian politician and was a member of the [[Sixth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]. He is a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] and represented [[Ghonda (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Ghonda (Assembly constituency)]] of Delhi from 2015 to 2020.<ref name=" Election result ">{{cite news|title=Election result|publisher=Election commission of India|accessdate=February 10, 2015|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/StatewiseU05.htm|archive-date=27 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227005206/http://eciresults.nic.in/StatewiseU05.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Also, he is the founder of Pt. Yad Ram Secondary Public School Bhajanpura Delhi (Estd. in 1992).

==Early life and education==
Born on 1 July 1960 in Delhi, Sharma belongs to social and pious family residing in Vill. Gamri, Bhajanpura, Delhi before 17th century.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

He passed his Intermediate examination from CBSE (Raghuber Dayal Jan Kalyan School Bhajanpura).

To know his family background, past life and life journey you may visit video interview given to HamareNetaji.com : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9csJdFiUOOo

==Political career==
He joined Aam Aadmi Party on 10 December 2013.
He contested Delhi Assembly Election 2015 and defeated Sahib Singh Chauhan (BJP) & Bhisham Sharma (Congress).

He lost to Ajay Mahawar (BJP) by a margin of 28370 votes in the 2020 elections.

==Posts held==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! From !! To !! Position !! Comments
|-
| 01 || 2015 || 2020 || Member, [[Sixth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]] ||
|-
|}
Chairman of District Development Committee (North East Delhi) 2015-2020

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Politics}}
*[[Sixth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
*[[Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Government of India]]
*[[Politics of India]]
*[[Aam Aadmi Party]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Shri Dutt}}
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2015–2020]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Politicians from New Delhi]]
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{Delhi-politician-stub}}
{{AAP-politician-stub}}

Telugu Cholas

2025-08-12T20:13:05Z

Richa7864: put up a info

#REDIRECT [[List of Telugu chodas]]

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1921 Buckingham and Carnatic Mills strike

2025-07-21T05:00:19Z

Richa7864:

{{Short description|Worker strike}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}

The '''1921 Buckingham and Carnatic Mills strike''' was a strike by the workers of [[Buckingham and Carnatic Mills]] in the city of Madras (now called [[Chennai]]), [[India]], against the managing company, [[Binny and Co.]] The strike, which lasted from June to October 1921, caused severe losses to the Madras economy. It also created a rift in the ruling [[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]] forcing many [[Dalit]] leaders to leave.

== Causes ==

The Madras Labour Union was one of the first organised labour unions in [[India]], having been founded by [[B. P. Wadia]] and [[V. Kalyanasundaram Mudaliar]] on 3 April 1918.<ref name="labourp545">{{cite book|title=Labour And Industrial Laws|author=Padhi|year=2007|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.|id=|page=545|isbn=978-81-203-2985-0}}</ref> Early union activity took place in the [[Buckingham and Carnatic Mills]] during October–December 1920 when workers went on strike in protest against working conditions.<ref name="basu">{{cite book|title=Nandanar's Children: The Paraiyans' Tryst with Destiny, Tamil Nadu 1850–1956|first=Raj Sekhar|last=Basu|pages=241–257|publisher=SAGE Publications Ltd|year=2011}}</ref> The government responded by ordering the police to shoot down striking workers on 9 December 1920 to bring the strike to a forceful end.<ref name="basu" />

There was widespread unrest among the workers over the low wages and poor working conditions. Their demands were supported by Indian nationalists [[C. Rajagopalachari]], [[S. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar]], [[A. Rangaswami Iyengar]], Singaravelu Chetty, [[V. Chakkarai Chettiar]] and [[S. Satyamurti]] and by the self-rule supporting [[Indian National Congress]] as well as the pro-British [[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]].<ref name="reddy">{{cite book|title=Working class and freedom struggle: Madras presidency, 1918–1922|pages=58–59|first=Kanchi Venugopal|last=Reddy|id=|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=2005|isbn=81-8324-011-9}}</ref>

== Events ==

On 20 May 1921, the workers in the Spinning Department of the [[Buckingham and Carnatic Mills]] refused to work until the management agreed to discuss their wage rise demands.<ref name="basu" /> The protest reached serious proportions when an official strike was declared on 20 June.<ref name="reddy" /> The striking workers were led by Congressman [[V. Kalyanasundaram Mudaliar]].<ref name="thehindu_20081222">{{cite news|title=A street name unchanged|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/12/22/stories/2008122250770500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103185248/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/12/22/stories/2008122250770500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 November 2012|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 December 2008}}</ref> The Indian National Congress convened a meeting in Madras on 10 July 1921; in this meeting, [[C. Rajagopalachari]] moved for a resolution sympathizing with the workers of the Buckingham and Carnatic Mills and supporting their cause.<ref name="reddy" />

The strike lasted for a total of six months.<ref name="thehindu_20081222" /> The authorities adopted a ruthless policy to suppress the agitation. On 29 August 1921, the police opened fire, killing six workers.<ref name="nytimes_b&cstrike">{{cite news|title=Ambush British in India|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1921/09/02/107025228.pdf|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=2 September 1921 }}</ref> Almost all the Justice Party leaders joined hands with the Indian National Congress politicians and supported the strike.<ref name="reddy" /> The support lent by the Justice Party towards striking workers is believed by some to have been influenced by caste identifications,<ref name="untouchablesp94" /> while others believe that the strike actually gave the Justice Party ministry a stick with which to beat the Governor's council, as the Home ministry came under the direct control of the Governor of Madras.<ref name="thehindu_20081222" /> The management tactically broke up the unity of the workers by allegedly enlisting the support of [[Dalits]] and Indian Christians who had not joined the strike.<ref name="reddy" />

The abstention of Dalit workers from the strike was severely criticized by the [[Raja of Panagal]], the Chief Minister of [[Madras Presidency]] and [[O. Thanikachalam Chetti]].<ref name="calcuttahistoryp101">{{cite book|title=The Calcutta Historical Journal|page=101|publisher=University of Calcutta|year=2004}}</ref> The strike gradually evolved into a confrontation between caste Hindu and Muslim workers who were determined to continue the strike on one hand, and Dalits and Indian Christians who did not participate in the strike on the other.<ref name="untouchablesp94">{{cite book|title=The Untouchables: Subordination, Poverty, and the State in Modern India|page=94|first=Oliver|last=Mendelsohn|author2=Marika Vicziany|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1998|isbn=978-0-521-55671-2}}</ref> A communal riot broke out on 28 June 1921 when a caste Hindu mob attacked the Dalit village of [[Pulianthope]] and burnt a hundred huts.<ref name="basu" /> The Justice Party's publication, ''Justice'' blamed the riots on the "pampering" of Dalits by the Labour Department of the Madras government<ref name="untouchablesp94" /> while Dalit leader [[M. C. Rajah]] accused the union leaders of threatening non-participating Dalits from entering the mills.<ref name="basu" /> He also criticized the attitude of the Justice Party government of the Raja of Panagal towards Dalits:

{{quote|the high-handed poisonous action of members of a party who after inflicting all known and unknown injury on our community shed crocodile tears and pose as friends of the Depressed classes<ref name="untouchablesp94" />}}

The strike eventually came to an end in October through the mediation of [[C. Natesa Mudaliar]].<ref name="thehindu_20081222" /> That month, Sir [[P. Theagaraya Chetty]], the then President of the Madras Labour Union, advised workers to resume work.<ref name="basu" /> But with the exception of a few, most of the striking workers were not re-admitted.<ref name="basu" />

== Aftermath ==

In the aftermath of the strike, the major political factions in the Madras Presidency began leveling charges against one another. The [[Indian National Congress]] blamed the government for the ruthless suppression of labour activities, while the [[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]] blamed the [[Non-Cooperation Movement]] for causing the unrest and criticized the government for showing partiality towards Dalits.<ref name="basu" /> The party demanded that the provision of free meals to Dalits in government camps should be stopped and offenders from all the communities be punished.<ref name="basu" />

The Madras government appointed a three-member enquiry committee headed by [[Sir William Ayling]] to investigate the causes of the strike.<ref name="basu" /> The committee blamed the striking workers for causing extensive damage to property and life, and highlighted the victimization of "Adi Dravidas".<ref name="basu" /> The Home Member of the Governor's Executive Council, [[Sir Lionel Davidson]], said that all the violence was caused not by a labour strike but by "a faction inflamed by caste prejudice".<ref name="basu" />

[[M. C. Rajah]] made the following observation on Dalits and the strike:

{{quote|If they had been with the rioters in the rioting, they would have certainly lost their lives. The very fact that no Adi Dravida was shot clearly indicates that the Adi Dravidas were not creating the mischief ... but my friend Mr. Thanikachalam Chettiyar has said nothing about the throwing of bombs which has become the fashion of the rioters. How many lives have been lost by the throwing of bombs, who threw them, these are questions which my honourable friend ought to have put before the Council<ref name="basu" />}}

== Notes ==

{{reflist|30em}}

[[Category:1921 in India]]
[[Category:Textile and clothing strikes]]
[[Category:Labour disputes in India]]
[[Category:Textile industry in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Economic history of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1921 labor disputes and strikes|Buckingham and Carnatic Mills Strike]]
[[Category:History of the textile industry in India]]

Ghulam Sadiq Khan

2025-06-21T07:47:34Z

Richa7864:

{{Short description|Indian classical vocalist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Ustad Ghulam Sadiq Khan
| image = Padma-Shri-Ustad-Ghulam-Sadiq-Khan.jpg
| caption =
| image_size =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1939|8|22|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2016|05|15|1939|08|22|df=y}}
| origin = [[Kanpur]], India
| genre = [[Hindustani classical music]]
| occupation = Vocalist
| years_active =
| website =
}}

'''Ustad Ghulam Sadiq Khan''' (22 August 1939 – 15 May 2016) was an Indian classical vocalist. He belonged to the [[Rampur-Sahaswan gharana]].

==Musical career==
He was initiated into music at the age of nine by his father Ustad Ghulam Jafar Khan, who was an Indian [[sarangi]] player. Later, he continued his training under the guidance of Ustad [[Mushtaq Hussain Khan]], who was the first recipient of the [[Padma Bhushan]] award in India.<ref name="hindu">{{cite web |url= http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/09/19/stories/2005091900880200.htm|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121023000631/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/09/19/stories/2005091900880200.htm|url-status= dead|archive-date= 2012-10-23|title= A vocal celebration |access-date=2008-11-08 |last= Rajan |first= Ajana|date= 2005-09-19 |work= [[The Hindu]] }}</ref>

He specialized in the [[khayal]] gayaki and also sang [[thumri]], [[dadra]] and [[bhajans]]. He performed in India and abroad, including the UK, Australia, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Mauritius, Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Thailand, China and Afghanistan. He was a top graded artist of [[All India Radio]] and [[Doordarshan]].

During the course of his career, he taught many disciples, including his son, Ustad Ghulam Abbas Khan who is a [[khayal]] and [[ghazal]] vocalist, and [[Jaspinder Narula]], a Bollywood [[playback singer]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080317/jsp/nation/story_9029359.jsp |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110526005137/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080317/jsp/nation/story_9029359.jsp |url-status= dead |archive-date= 26 May 2011 |title= The Buzz in Big Cities |access-date=2008-11-08 |date=2008-03-17 |work= [[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Calcutta Telegraph]] }}</ref> He also taught his grandson Ghulam Hasan Khan, who is also a Hindustani classical vocalist. He worked as senior lecturer in the Faculty of Music at the [[University of Delhi]].

In 2005, he received the [[Padma Shri]] for his contribution to Indian classical music.<ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India) |url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/advsearch_awards.php?start=0&award_year=&state=&field=3&p_name=Khan&award=PS |access-date=2009-06-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229164943/http://india.gov.in/myindia/advsearch_awards.php?start=0&award_year=&state=&field=3&p_name=Khan&award=PS |archive-date=2012-02-29 }}</ref>

==Death==
Ustad Ghulam Sadiq Khan died on 15 May 2016 (Sunday) at [[Max Healthcare]], [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.milligazette.com/news/14335-obituaries|title=Obituaries|work=milligazette.com|access-date=25 July 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Ghulam Sadiq}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindustani singers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Delhi University]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male classical singers]]
[[Category:Indian music educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Khyal singers]]

Chhota Bheem: Bheem vs Aliens

2024-12-20T01:03:59Z

Richa7864: Created a redirect

#REDIRECT [[Chhota Bheem]]

[[Category:Chhota Bheem]]

Tyagaraja Lilaikal

2024-10-27T19:27:01Z

Richa7864: put up a data

{{Italic title}}{{Short description|Tamil religious treatise}}
{{One source|date=November 2021}}

The '''''Tyagaraja Lilaikal''''' ({{Langx|ta|தியாகராஜ லீலைகள்|translit=Tyāgarāja Līlaikal}}; {{Translation|The [[Lila_(Hinduism)|lila]]s of [[Shiva|Tyagaraja]]}}) or the '''Tiyākarājalīlaikal''' is a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] religious treatise on the playful nature of the deity [[Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur|Tyagaraja]] (Shiva) of [[Thiruvarur|Tiruvarur]]. It is similar to the ''[[Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam|Tiruvilaiyadal Puranam]]'' in that it identifies Tyagaraja with the [[Chola]]s in the same way that the former identifies [[Meenakshi]] with the [[Pandya]]s. It is dated to the twelfth century CE.<ref name=rghose>{{cite book|title=The Tyagaraja Cult in Tamilnadu: A Study in Conflict and Accommodation|author=Rajeshwari Ghose|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited|year=1996|pages=338–339}}</ref>

==Content==
The following are some excerpts from the work:<ref name=rghose/>

''Lilai 1'': The first act begins with [[Shiva]] asking [[Vishwakarma|Vishvakarma]] to build a town at Tiruvarur with a Valmika temple at its centre.

''Lilai 3'': This act begins with Shiva appearing as Tyagaraja and is hailed as the ''[[Kuladevata|kuladaivam]]'' of the region.

Lilai 8: Tyagaraja asks [[Airavata]] to garland the future king of [[Chola Nadu]] as the land is without a king. Airavata garlands a sage who is of the Suryavamsha or [[Solar dynasty|Solar race]].

''Lilai 53'': In this act Tyagaraja dons the robe of a king and dispenses justice to a family that is falsely denied of its wealth.

''Lilai 70'': This chapter explains how the children of Chola king [[Vikrama Chola|Vikrama]] are saved by Tyagaraja when Sakuna [[Pandya]] tries to kill them using magic.

''Lilai 102'': In this act, Tyagaraja helps the Chola general against the [[Pandya]]s.

''Lilai 248'': In this chapter, we are told that when the Chola king was wounded in combat, blood poured out of the shoulder of Tyagaraja.

''Lilai 322'': In this act, celestial women play the [[veena]] everyday to Tyagaraja and they are blessed to be born as mortals and wed Chola kings.

''Lilai 364'': This chapter explains the grace of Tyagaraja to Āticholan.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Shaiva texts]]
[[Category:Shaivism]]
[[Category:Tamil-language literature]]
[[Category:Bhakti movement]]

Vijay Hansdak

2024-06-10T10:09:49Z

Richa7864: cleaned up details also and improved wording

#REDIRECT [[Vijay Kumar Hansdak]]

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Trisha filmography

2024-06-06T10:10:59Z

Richa7864: update details further and added references

#REDIRECT [[Trisha Krishnan filmography]]

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Hosoor

2024-05-31T06:12:01Z

Richa7864: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[Kundapur]]

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Kunnal

2024-02-24T18:44:03Z

Richa7864: further updated formatting after review and improved wording for accuracy

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kunnal
| other_name = Kunnal N
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = India
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Belgaum district|Belgaum]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = [[Ramdurg]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Kunnal''' is a village in [[Belgaum district]] in [[Karnataka]], [[India]].<ref>[http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/List_of_Villages/List_of_Villages_Alphabetical.aspx?cki=&ComboState_Code=29 Village Directory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722033752/http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/List_of_Villages/List_of_Villages_Alphabetical.aspx?cki=&ComboState_Code=29 |date=22 July 2011 }}, 2001 Census of [[India]].</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

[[Category:Villages in Belagavi district]]

{{Ramdurg-geo-stub}}

Arara, India

2023-07-05T03:41:20Z

Richa7864: stub

{{Short description|Village in Assam, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Arara
| other_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Map of Assam
| coordinates = {{coord|26.4089|91.4749|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nalbari district|Nalbari]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Subdivision (India)|Subdivision]]
| subdivision_name3 = Nalbari
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type =
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 2823
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 781334<ref>{{cite web |title=ARARA Pin Code |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/assam/nalbari/arara-pincode-781334.html |website=news.abplive.com |access-date=19 July 2022}}</ref>
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in India|STD Code]]
| area_code = 03624
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Census of India|Census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 303954
| footnotes =
| pushpin_map_alt = Nalbari district
| area_total_ha = 359.32
| registration_plate = AS-14
}}
'''Arara''' is a census village in [[Nalbari district]], [[Assam]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gani |first1=Abdul |title=LS Polls: Age Is Just A Number For 27 Centenarians Of Assam's Nalbari |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-age-is-just-a-number-for-27-centenarians-of-assams-nalbari/327743 |access-date=19 July 2022 |work=Outlook |date=14 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref> According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Arara village has a total population of 2,823 people including 1,444 males and 1,379 females.<ref>{{cite web |title=POPULATION BREAKUP AS PER CENSUS-2011 |url=https://nalbari.gov.in/sites/default/files/swf_utility_folder/departments/nalbari_epr_amtron_in_oid_2/this_comm/pub_nalbari.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703045835/https://nalbari.gov.in/sites/default/files/swf_utility_folder/departments/nalbari_epr_amtron_in_oid_2/this_comm/pub_nalbari.pdf |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=18 July 2022 |website=Government of Assam {{!}} Nalbari District}}</ref>

The village has a history of being a [[Assam separatist movements|militancy]] affected area.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aroor |first1=Shiv |title=After a lull, army back on ULFA trail - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/after-a-lull-army-back-on-ulfa-trail/9748/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |work=Indian Express |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |date=2 August 2006}}</ref> In 2006, the security forces killed 2 [[United Liberation Front of Asom|ULFA]] militants, Bhupen Lahkar and Hemanta Deka, in Arara.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dayal |first=Abhishek |date=31 January 2006 |title=CRPF SAMACHAR |url=https://crpf.gov.in/writereaddata/images/pdf/551062020.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323012018/https://crpf.gov.in/writereaddata/images/pdf/551062020.pdf |archive-date=23 March 2022 |access-date=19 July 2022}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Nalbari district]]

{{Assam-geo-stub}}

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