https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=RenaldoParadisBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-16T23:30:32ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salaar:_Part_1_%E2%80%93_Ceasefire&diff=550808Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire2026-06-05T22:34:40Z<p>RenaldoParadis: general improved intro as per guidelines and added references for accuracy</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2023 Indian film by Prashanth Neel}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Salaar Part 1 – Ceasefire.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Prashanth Neel]]<br />
| producer = [[Vijay Kiragandur]]<br />
| writer = Prashanth Neel<br />
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes<br />
| label1 = Dialogues by<br />
| data1 = {{ubl<br />
| Sandeep Reddy Bandla<br />
| Hanumaan Choudary<br />
| Dr. Suri }}<br />
}}<br />
| story = <br />
| based_on = <br />
| starring = {{ubl||[[Prabhas]]|[[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] |[[Bobby Simha]]|[[Shruti Haasan]]|[[Jagapathi Babu]]|[[Sriya Reddy]]}}<br />
| music = [[Ravi Basrur]]<br />
| cinematography = [[Bhuvan Gowda]]<br />
| editing = Ujwal Kulkarni<br />
| studio = [[Hombale Films]]<br />
| distributor = [[#Distribution|see below]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|2023|12|22|df=yes}}<br />
| runtime = 175 minutes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/salaar-gets-a-certificate-movie-runtime-details-out|title=Salaar gets 'A' certificate; movie runtime details out|access-date=9 December 2023|website=Telangana Today|date=9 December 2023 |archive-date=9 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209130857/https://telanganatoday.com/salaar-gets-a-certificate-movie-runtime-details-out|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Telugu<br />
| budget = {{INR|270}} crore<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Do you know the real production cost of Salaar ? |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/181223/producer-of-salaar-made-the-film-withing-rs-300-crores.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224095103/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/181223/producer-of-salaar-made-the-film-withing-rs-300-crores.html |archive-date=2023-12-24 |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=18 December 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Salaar' box office Day 14: Prabhas' film crawls towards Rs 400-crore mark in India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/salaar-box-office-day-14-prabhas-film-crawls-towards-rs-400-crore-mark-in-india-2484520-2024-01-05 |work=India Today |date=5 January 2024 |access-date=18 August 2025 }}</ref><br />
| gross = {{INR|614–702}} crore{{efn|name="bo"}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Epic film|epic]] [[action film|action thriller film]] directed by [[Prashanth Neel]] and produced by [[Vijay Kiragandur]] under [[Hombale Films]]. The film stars [[Prabhas]] and [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] in the lead roles alongside an essemble cast [[Shruti Haasan]], [[Jagapathi Babu]], [[Bobby Simha]], [[Sriya Reddy]], [[Ramachandra Raju]], [[John Vijay]], [[Easwari Rao]], [[Tinnu Anand]], [[Devaraj (actor)|Devaraj]], [[Brahmaji]] and [[Mime Gopi]]. In the fictional dystopian [[city-state]] of Khansaar, where [[constitutional monarchy]] still exists, the film follows the friendship between Deva (Prabhas), the exiled prince of Khansaar, and Varadha (Prithviraj), the current prince of Khansaar. When a [[coup d'état]] is planned by his father's ministers and his relatives, Varadha enlists Deva's help to become Khansaar's undisputed ruler.<br />
<br />
The film's initial storyline was pitched from Neel's debut film ''[[Ugramm]]''(Kannada) (2014) and is the maiden part of a two-part film.<ref name=ref1>{{Cite web|date=2023-12-21|title=Prashanth Neel confirms Salaar is a mix of 'Ugramm's story and KGF style of making'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/prashanth-neel-confirms-salaar-is-a-mix-of-ugramm-s-story-and-kgf-style-of-making-101703144617234.html|website=Hindustan times|access-date=24 December 2023|archive-date=21 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221132615/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/prashanth-neel-confirms-salaar-is-a-mix-of-ugramm-s-story-and-kgf-style-of-making-101703144617234.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was officially announced in December 2020 under the title ''Salaar'', however, in July 2023, its first installment was titled as ''Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire''. [[Principal photography]] commenced in January 2021, and occurred sporadically in several legs over nearly three years, before [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapping]] in late 2023. Filming locations included Telangana, Italy and Budapest. Production difficulties, ranging from the pandemic, reshoots and VFX delays, postponed ''Salaar''{{'}}s release date several times. The music is composed by [[Ravi Basrur]], cinematography handled by [[Bhuvan Gowda]] and editing by Ujwal Kulkarni.<br />
<br />
''Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire'' was theatrically released on 22 December 2023, coinciding with [[Christmas]]. The film received positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salaar: Part 1 Movie Review: This Prashanth Neel's film is nowhere near KGF |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/salaar-movie-review-this-prashanth-neels-film-is-nowhere-near-kgf-672558 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=Wion |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhatia |first=Uday |date=2023-12-22 |title=‘Salaar: Part 1—Ceasefire’ review: Darkness without reward |url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/art-and-culture/salaar-part-1-ceasefire-review-film-prabhas-prashanth-neel-prithviraj-sukumaran-111703238886444.html |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>It was a commercial success, earning an estimated {{INR|614}} – {{INR|702|link=no}} crore on a {{INR}}270 crore budget making it the [[List of Telugu films of 2023|highest-grossing Telugu film of 2023]], [[List of highest-grossing Telugu films|third highest-grossing Telugu film of all time]], and the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|nineteenth highest-grossing Indian film of all time]] at the end of its theatrical run.{{efn|name="bo"|According to [[Box Office India]] ''Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire'' grossed around ₹612 crore worldwide and [[Hindustan Times]] reported ₹617 crore while [[India Today]] reported that the film grossed around ₹700 crore worldwide during its 2023 run. In July 2024, the film was released in Japan, earning JPY 23 million (USD 142,000; ₹1.19 crore) in its initial days, bringing the adjusted worldwide total to approximately ₹614–702 crore.<ref name="sp1">{{Cite web |title=Salaar Final India And Worldwide Business |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8304|access-date=18 August 2025 |website=Box Office India|date=18 February 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-28 |title=Meet star with most ₹500 crore box office hits: The star kid who beat Shah Rukh, Salman Khan, Rajinikanth, Ranbir Kapoor |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/star-with-most-500-crore-box-office-hits-prabhas-baahubali-kalki-salaar-shah-rukh-salman-khan-rajinikanth-ranbir-kapoor-101756358697430.html |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Prabhas's 'Salaar' is the third biggest opener in Japan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-salaar-third-biggest-opener-japan-2564757-2024-07-10 |website=India Today |access-date=19 August 2025 |language=en |date=10 July 2024}}</ref>}} A sequel is in development.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
In 1985, Deva and Vardha Raja "Vardha" Mannar are close companions in ''Khansaar'', a powerful [[city-state]] ruled by Vardha's father, Raja Mannar. After Raja Mannar orders the extermination of the ''Shouryaanga'' tribe, a mob attacks Deva and his mother. Vardha intervenes by surrendering a valuable territory to the mob's leader in exchange for their safety and secretly helps them flee ''Khansaar''. Before leaving, Deva promises to return whenever Vardha calls upon him.<br />
<br />
In 2017, Aadhya, the daughter of [[Indian diaspora|NRI]] Krishnakanth, travels from [[New York City]] to [[Varanasi]] to immerse her mother's ashes. Her arrival attracts the attention of Obulamma, a loyal aide to Vardha's step-sister Radha Rama, who orders her abduction. Krishnakanth seeks help from Bilal, who hides Aadhya at the residence of his friend Deva in [[Tinsukia]], [[Assam]], where she poses as a teacher at a school run by Deva's mother. When armed men locate and attempt to abduct her, Deva, despite his mother's longstanding insistence that he avoid violence, intervenes and defeats them. Later, Deva attacks a convoy bearing the emblem of ''Khansaar'' to rescue Aadhya and Bilal, drawing the attention of Vardha, Obulamma, and Radha Rama. Radha Rama reveals that she orchestrated the events to provoke a conflict between Deva and Vardha, as opposing ''Khansaar'''s emblem is punishable by death. Bilal subsequently recounts the history of ''Khansaar'' and the bond between Deva and Vardha to Aadhya.<br />
<br />
In 1127, dacoits from the ''Mannar'', ''Shouryaanga'', and ''Ghaniyaar'' tribes established ''Khansaar''. The three tribes jointly protected the territory for centuries, including during [[British Raj|British rule]]. Following [[Indian Independence Act 1947|Indian independence in 1947]], Siva Mannar, Raja Mannar's father, declared ''Khansaar'' an autonomous state and erased it from official maps. To maintain order, he divided the territory into 101 provinces governed by ''Kapu''s under the supervision of eight ''Dora''s, while establishing the ''Nibandhana'', the constitution of ''Khansaar''. After Siva Mannar's death in 1985, Raja Mannar assassinated Dhaara Raisaar, the ''Shouryaanga'' heir to the throne, and ordered the massacre of the ''Shouryaanga'' tribe to consolidate power.<br />
<br />
In 2010, Bhaarava, the husband of Radha Rama, persuades Raja Mannar to reconcile with his exiled sons, Vardha and Baachi. Raja Mannar reinstates Vardha by forcing the ''Dora'' Ranga to relinquish his position before leaving ''Khansaar'' and appointing Radha Rama as [[regent]]. To prevent conflict over succession, Radha Rama proposes a [[ceasefire]], though the ''Dora''s insist that the matter be settled through a formal vote under the ''Nibandhana''. An election is scheduled for nine days later, prompting rival factions to recruit mercenaries in anticipation of war once the voting concludes.<br />
<br />
Vardha summons Deva, who arrives in ''Khansaar'' and remains loyal despite repeated humiliation. Tensions escalate when Vishnu, the son of ''Dora'' Naarang, attempts to molest a tribal girl, leading Deva to kill him. Deva, Vardha, and their allies are imprisoned, while Rudra Mannar, Vardha's half-brother, manipulates Naarang into targeting Vardha during the trial. When Naarang refuses to relent, Deva kills him.<br />
<br />
On the day of the vote, Raja Mannar returns and supports the ceasefire, but Vardha casts the deciding vote against it. Deva and Vardha escape execution and kill Ranga and his followers. Meanwhile, Raja Mannar reveals to Radha Rama that the ''Shouryaanga'' tribe survived the massacre and that Bhaarava is secretly a member of the tribe conspiring against the ''Mannar''s. After capturing Bhaarava's associate Thiru, they learn that Deva is the son of Dhaara Raisaar and the rightful heir to ''Khansaar'', while Vardha had sacrificed his territory years earlier to protect Deva's family.<br />
<br />
As rival factions unite against the ''Mannar''s and Vardha's allies discover Deva's true identity, Vardha publicly declares Deva as his ''Salaar''.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
* [[Prabhas]] as Devaratha "Deva" Raisaar alias "Salaar"<br />
** Videsh Anand as young Devaratha<br />
* [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] in a [[dual role]]: <br />
** Vardha Raja Mannar<br />
*** Karthikeya Dev as young Vardha Raja Mannar<br />
** Shiva Mannar, Varadha's grandfather<br />
* [[Jagapathi Babu]] as Raja Shiva Mannar, Varadha's father and the king of Khansaar<br />
* [[Bobby Simha]] as Bhaarava<br />
* [[Easwari Rao]] as Deva's mother<br />
* [[Shruti Haasan]] as Aaradhya "Aadhya" Krishnakanth<br />
* [[Sriya Reddy]] as Radha Rama Mannar, Bhaarava's wife and Varadha's elder sister<br />
* [[John Vijay]] as Ranga<br />
* [[Tinnu Anand]] as Gaikwad alias "Baba"<br />
* [[Devaraj]] as Om<br />
* [[Brahmaji]] as Vaali<br />
* [[Ramachandra Raju]] as Rudra Raja Mannar, Varadha's elder brother<br />
**Harsh Roshan as young Rudra Raja Mannar<br />
* M.S Chowdary in a [[dual role]]:<br />
** Naarang, Ranga's brother<br />
** Naarang, Gurung and Ranga's father (flashback appearance)<br />
* [[Ramana (actor)|Ramana]] as Rinda, Varadha's henchman<br />
* [[Mime Gopi]] as Bilal, Deva's helper<br />
* [[Jhansi (TV anchor)|Jhansi]] as Obulamma, Radha Rama's maid<br />
* [[Pramod Panju]] as Baachi Raja Mannar, Varadha's younger brother<br />
* [[Vajrang Shetty]] as Vishnu, Naarang's son<br />
* [[Saurav Lokesh]] as Cheeka<br />
* Cheluvaraj as Gurung, Naarang and Ranga's brother<br />
* [[Madhu Guruswamy]] as Hazare, Rudra Raja's henchman<br />
* Ravi Bhat as Krishnakanth, Aadhya's father<br />
* [[Naveen Shankar]] as Pandit, Rudra's henchman<br />
* [[Shafi (actor)|Shafi]] as Thiru, Bhaarava's henchman<br />
* [[Prudhvi Raj]] as Sarpanch<br />
* [[Saptagiri (actor)|Saptagiri]] as Chandram<br />
* [[Jason Shah]] as a consignment lord<br />
* [[Sampath Ram]] as Vedha, Obulamma's henchman<br />
* [[Kalpa Latha|Kalpalatha]] as Surabhi's mother<br />
* Farzana as Surabhi, a local tribe girl living in Khansaar<br />
* Sathvik Varma as Obulamma's grandson<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
=== Development ===<br />
{{Multiple image<br />
| image1 = Prabhas by Gage Skidmore.jpg<br />
| image2 = Prashanth Neel in 2022.jpg<br />
| footer = ''Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire'' is the first collaboration of [[Prabhas]] (L) with [[Prashanth Neel]].<br />
| total_width = 250<br />
| align = right<br />
}}<br />
In November 2020, [[Prashanth Neel|Neel]] was reported to begin production for his next directorial ventures with either [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]] or [[Prabhas]] soon.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-30 |title=KGF director Prashanth Neel to direct Prabhas, official announcement to be made soon |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kgf-director-prashanth-neel-to-direct-prabhas-official-announcement-to-be-made-soon/articleshow/79490460.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-21 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222015400/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kgf-director-prashanth-neel-to-direct-prabhas-official-announcement-to-be-made-soon/articleshow/79490460.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> On 2 December, [[Hombale Films]] announced that Neel would collaborate with Prabhas next, on a [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language film (Neel's first) titled ''Salaar''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prabhas is Salaar in KGF director Prashanth Neel film. First-look poster out |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-is-salaar-in-kgf-director-prashanth-neel-film-first-look-poster-out-1746022-2020-12-02 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=India Today |date=2 December 2020 |language=en |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421212516/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-is-salaar-in-kgf-director-prashanth-neel-film-first-look-poster-out-1746022-2020-12-02 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-12-02 |title=A Baahubali coup: KGF maker Prashanth Neel collaborates with Prabhas for Salaar |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/a-baahubali-coup-kgf-maker-prashanth-neel-collaborates-with-prabhas-for-salaar/articleshow/79526965.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-21 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222015347/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/a-baahubali-coup-kgf-maker-prashanth-neel-collaborates-with-prabhas-for-salaar/articleshow/79526965.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
A [[Muhurat shot|muhurtam]] pooja ceremony was held on 15 January 2021 with the presence of the film's cast and crew in [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-01-15 |title=Superstar Moment! Prabhas and Yash from 'Salaar' launch in Hyderabad |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/superstar-moment-prabhas-and-yash-from-salaar-launch-in-hyderabad/articleshow/80282124.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-21 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222015343/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/superstar-moment-prabhas-and-yash-from-salaar-launch-in-hyderabad/articleshow/80282124.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Ravi Basrur]] was roped in to compose the score, in his fourth consecutive film with Neel, while [[Bhuvan Gowda]] and Ujwal Kulkarni were approached to handle the cinematography and editing, respectively.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-02-05 |title=Salaar: DOP Bhuvan Gowda shares a small sneak-peek into the film's shoot |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/salaar-dop-bhuvan-gowda-shares-a-small-sneak-peek-into-the-films-shoot/articleshow/80693288.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-21 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222021211/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/salaar-dop-bhuvan-gowda-shares-a-small-sneak-peek-into-the-films-shoot/articleshow/80693288.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> Initialed to be a one-part movie, on 8 July 2023, the production house announced that ''Salaar'' would be released in two parts, with the first subtitled ''Ceasefire''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-08 |title='Salaar' Teaser: Prabhas and Prashanth Neel's Universe 'Salaar Part 1': CEASEFIRE teaser is here and it promises to be one of the most violent and thrilling rides! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/salaar-teaser-prabhas-and-prashanth-neels-universe-salaar-part-1-ceasefire-teaser-is-here-and-it-promises-to-be-one-of-the-most-violent-and-thrilling-rides/articleshow/101528626.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202052657/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/salaar-teaser-prabhas-and-prashanth-neels-universe-salaar-part-1-ceasefire-teaser-is-here-and-it-promises-to-be-one-of-the-most-violent-and-thrilling-rides/articleshow/101528626.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Casting ===<br />
{{Multiple image<br />
| image1 = Shruti Haasan at the special screening of the short film Devi (32).jpg<br />
| image2 = Prithviraj at Aiyyaa event.jpg<br />
| footer = [[Shruti Haasan]] (L) was cast to play the lead actress role, pairing opposite Prabhas for the first time. [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] (R) made his return to [[Telugu cinema]] after ''[[Police Police]]'' (2010).<br />
| total_width = 250<br />
| align = right<br />
}}<br />
<br />
On casting Prabhas, Neel stated "I was drawn to his innocence. Prabhas exudes more innocence compared to most other actors. To draw out this innocence and show it on screen will be fantastic.",<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-12-04 |title=Prashanth Neel opens up about casting Prabhas in his next |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/prashanth-neel-opens-up-about-casting-prabhas-in-his-next/articleshow/79547196.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-21 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222015352/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/prashanth-neel-opens-up-about-casting-prabhas-in-his-next/articleshow/79547196.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> while Prabhas stated that his character is "extremely violent", something that he "haven't really done before".<ref name="TelanganaToday">{{cite web |last= |date=2 December 2020 |title=Prabhas to star in 'KGF' director Prashanth Neel's next, 'Salaar' |url=https://telanganatoday.com/prabhas-to-star-in-kgf-director-prashanth-neels-next-salaar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309113956/https://telanganatoday.com/prabhas-to-star-in-kgf-director-prashanth-neels-next-salaar |archive-date=9 March 2022 |access-date=9 March 2022 |website=[[Telangana Today]]}}</ref> The latter was reported to get more fit and muscular for his role.<ref name="The Times of India">{{Cite news |date=2022-05-18 |title=Salaar: Prabhas undergoes physical transformation; to resume shoot on this date |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/salaar-prabhas-undergoes-physical-transformation-to-resume-shoot-on-this-date/articleshow/91638396.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=25 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125001250/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/salaar-prabhas-undergoes-physical-transformation-to-resume-shoot-on-this-date/articleshow/91638396.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> He was further reported to play a dual role, which was later denied.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-16 |title=Prabhas double role in 'Salaar' creates a buzz among fans |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-double-role-in-salaar-creates-a-buzz-among-fans/articleshow/92249176.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222015410/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-double-role-in-salaar-creates-a-buzz-among-fans/articleshow/92249176.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
On 28 January 2021, Prabhas wished [[Shruti Haasan]] a happy birthday, and welcomed her to the ''Salaar'' team.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-01-28 |title=Shruti Haasan is the leading lady of Prabhas starrer Salaar |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/shruti-haasan-is-the-leading-lady-of-prabhas-starrer-salaar/articleshow/80493052.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-21 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430112429/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/shruti-haasan-is-the-leading-lady-of-prabhas-starrer-salaar/articleshow/80493052.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-01-28 |title=Shruti Haasan brought on-board for Prabhas, Prashanth Neel's Salaar |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/shruti-haasan-brought-on-board-for-prabhas-prashanth-neels-salaar/articleshow/80492745.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-21 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222015346/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/shruti-haasan-brought-on-board-for-prabhas-prashanth-neels-salaar/articleshow/80492745.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> She played the role of Aadhya and received a remuneration consisting {{INRConvert|8|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rathi |first=Aditi |date=2023-12-19 |title=What Is Shruti Haasan's Role in Salaar? |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/indian/news/1450676-what-is-shruti-haasans-role-in-salaar |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=21 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221025256/https://www.comingsoon.net/indian/news/1450676-what-is-shruti-haasans-role-in-salaar |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-17 |title=Shruti Haasan: 'Salaar is genuinely one of the nicest, no-nonsense films I have been part of' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/shruti-haasan-salaar-is-genuinely-one-of-the-nicest-no-nonsense-films-i-have-been-part-of-8387017/ |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=21 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221025256/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/shruti-haasan-salaar-is-genuinely-one-of-the-nicest-no-nonsense-films-i-have-been-part-of-8387017/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Prabhas, during a press meet for ''Radhe Shyam'' in [[Kochi]], revealed that [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] would play other lead role alongside Prabhas in the film thus, marking Prithviraj's return to Telugu cinema after ''[[Police Police]]'' (2010).<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news |date=2022-03-09 |title=Prabhas reveals Prithviraj Sukumaran has been roped in for Salaar |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-reveals-prithviraj-sukumaran-has-been-roped-in-for-salaar/articleshow/90092994.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222015358/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-reveals-prithviraj-sukumaran-has-been-roped-in-for-salaar/articleshow/90092994.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-10-19 |title=Prithviraj to play a key role in Prashanth Neel's 'Salaar'? |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/prithviraj-to-play-a-key-role-in-prashanth-neels-salaar/articleshow/87142062.cms?from=mdr&from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=23 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223043853/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/prithviraj-to-play-a-key-role-in-prashanth-neels-salaar/articleshow/87142062.cms?from=mdr&from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Madhu Guruswamy]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-08-19 |title=Prabhas's 'Salaar' will be twice as big as KGF: Reports |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhass-salaar-will-be-twice-as-big-as-kgf-reports/articleshow/85460942.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222015342/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhass-salaar-will-be-twice-as-big-as-kgf-reports/articleshow/85460942.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Jagapathi Babu]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-08-23 |title=Jagapathi Babu joins Prabhas in Salaar as Rajamanaar |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/jagapathi-babu-joins-prabhas-in-salaar-as-rajamanaar/articleshow/85554124.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422184305/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/jagapathi-babu-joins-prabhas-in-salaar-as-rajamanaar/articleshow/85554124.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Easwari Rao]],<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/> [[Sriya Reddy]],<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite news |date=2022-12-24 |title=Salaar: Prabhas, Shruti Haasan's film not postponed, makers rubbish rumours of delayed release |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/salaar-prabhas-shruti-haasans-film-not-postponed-makers-rubbish-rumours-of-delayed-release/articleshow/96473006.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226081103/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/salaar-prabhas-shruti-haasans-film-not-postponed-makers-rubbish-rumours-of-delayed-release/articleshow/96473006.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Tinnu Anand]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-10 |title=Tinnu Anand showers praise on 'Salaar' director Prashant Neel |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/tinnu-anand-showers-praise-on-salaar-director-prashant-neel/articleshow/101631948.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803194558/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/tinnu-anand-showers-praise-on-salaar-director-prashant-neel/articleshow/101631948.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Bobby Simha]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-13 |title=Producer says Prabhas starrer 'Salaar Part 1: The Ceasefire' postponed due to THIS astrological reason |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/producer-says-prabhas-starrer-salaar-part-1-the-ceasefire-postponed-due-to-this-astrological-reason/articleshow/105942703.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222033953/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/producer-says-prabhas-starrer-salaar-part-1-the-ceasefire-postponed-due-to-this-astrological-reason/articleshow/105942703.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Ramachandra Raju]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! Garuda Ram – KGF gave me an identity, so even if my role in Salaar is great, it will be second best for me |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/exclusive-garuda-ram-kgf-gave-me-an-identity-so-even-if-my-role-in-salaar-is-great-it-will-be-second-best-for-me/cb5ad6f65b966 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222015342/https://www.ottplay.com/news/exclusive-garuda-ram-kgf-gave-me-an-identity-so-even-if-my-role-in-salaar-is-great-it-will-be-second-best-for-me/cb5ad6f65b966 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Saptagiri (actor)|Saptagiri]] were cast to play prominent roles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-09 |title=Sapthagiri excitedly completes dubbing for 'Salaar,' anticipates a double blockbuster |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sapthagiri-excitedly-completes-dubbing-for-salaar-anticipates-a-double-blockbuster/articleshow/101608176.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=9 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709114014/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sapthagiri-excitedly-completes-dubbing-for-salaar-anticipates-a-double-blockbuster/articleshow/101608176.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Mime Gopi]] and [[John Vijay]]'s presence in the promotional trailer revealed their inclusion.<ref>{{Cite news |title=5 reasons to watch Prashanth Neel and Prabhas's 'Salaar' in theatres! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/5-reasons-to-watch-prashanth-neel-prabhass-salaar-in-theatres/photostory/106184598.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=21 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221201033/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/5-reasons-to-watch-prashanth-neel-prabhass-salaar-in-theatres/photostory/106184598.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Filming ===<br />
[[File:Matera Luglio 2019.jpeg|thumb|A part of ''Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire'' was filmed in [[Matera]], Italy.]]<br />
[[Principal photography]] commenced on 27 January 2021 at a set in [[Godavarikhani]], a town in Telangana.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-01-27 |title=Prabhas to kick-off 'Salaar' with an action episode in this Telangana town |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-to-kick-off-salaar-with-an-action-episode-in-this-telangana-town/articleshow/80477218.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-21 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222015346/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-to-kick-off-salaar-with-an-action-episode-in-this-telangana-town/articleshow/80477218.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> Haasan joined the production two days later.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-01-29 |title=Shruti Haasan begins work on film with Prabhas from today |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/shruti-haasan-begins-work-on-film-with-prabhas-from-today/articleshow/80513559.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-21 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222025939/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/shruti-haasan-begins-work-on-film-with-prabhas-from-today/articleshow/80513559.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> An action sequence featuring Prabhas was reportedly filmed. A day later, an on-set picture of Prabhas was leaked to social media and went viral, prompting tight security to be arranged during filming.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-01-30 |title=Prabhas' look from the sets of 'Salaar' leaked online: Fans go berserk |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-look-from-the-sets-of-salaar-leaked-online-fans-go-berserk/articleshow/80603290.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-21 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=7 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207171958/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-look-from-the-sets-of-salaar-leaked-online-fans-go-berserk/articleshow/80603290.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> On 8 February, cinematographer Bhuvan Gowda announced that the first leg had concluded.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-02-08 |title=Salaar: First schedule of Prabhas starrer wrapped up! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/salaar-first-schedule-of-prabhas-starrer-wrapped-up/articleshow/80750294.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-21 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222015351/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/salaar-first-schedule-of-prabhas-starrer-wrapped-up/articleshow/80750294.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
The second leg commenced on 3 August 2021 in Hyderabad, with the filming of a scene featuring Prabhas and Shruti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-08-03 |title='Salaar' second schedule starts rolling; Prabhas and Shruti Haasan join the shoot |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/salaar-second-schedule-starts-rolling-prabhas-and-shruti-haasan-join-the-shoot/articleshow/84999240.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=17 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317001440/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/salaar-second-schedule-starts-rolling-prabhas-and-shruti-haasan-join-the-shoot/articleshow/84999240.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> Since the filmmakers wanted ''Salaar'' to look "next level at any given angle", it became the first Indian film shot via Dark Centric Theme technology.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-09-25 |title=Prabhas's 'Salaar' to be the first Indian film to use this Hollywood Technology? |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhass-salaar-to-be-the-first-indian-film-to-use-this-hollywood-technology/articleshow/86503372.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506045910/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhass-salaar-to-be-the-first-indian-film-to-use-this-hollywood-technology/articleshow/86503372.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-26 |title=Hollywood Technology to be used for 'Salaar', Prabhas in the lead |url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/hollywood-technology-to-be-used-for-salaar-prabhas-in-the-lead/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ZEE5 |language=en |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222015402/https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/hollywood-technology-to-be-used-for-salaar-prabhas-in-the-lead/ |url-status=live }}</ref> By 12 August, the second leg concluded.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shruti Haasan wraps up latest schedule of Salaar. Don't miss Prabhas's treat for her |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/shruti-haasan-wraps-up-latest-schedule-of-salaar-don-t-miss-prabhas-s-treat-for-her-1839960-2021-08-12 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=India Today |date=12 August 2021 |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407024710/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/shruti-haasan-wraps-up-latest-schedule-of-salaar-don-t-miss-prabhas-s-treat-for-her-1839960-2021-08-12 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Shortly after the release of Prabhas' film ''Radhe Shyam'' in March 2022, filming was halted, mainly due to him getting a knee surgery done in Spain and later joining the sets of ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-23 |title=Prabhas to rejoin sets of Nag Ashwin's Project K soon |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-to-rejoin-sets-of-nag-ashwins-project-k-soon/articleshow/91030582.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211065304/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-to-rejoin-sets-of-nag-ashwins-project-k-soon/articleshow/91030582.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> By May 2022, 30 percent of filming was reportedly completed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-17 |title=Prabhas's 'Salaar' promotions begin with the launch of official Twitter handle |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhass-salaar-promotions-begin-with-the-launch-of-official-twitter-handle/articleshow/91610850.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=20 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120095544/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhass-salaar-promotions-begin-with-the-launch-of-official-twitter-handle/articleshow/91610850.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> The third leg was reported to begin on 24 May,<ref name="The Times of India"/> but commenced instead on 18 May. The studio shared a [[behind-the-scenes]] video that day, which showcased the crew setting up a set for an action sequence.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-18 |title=Salaar: Prashanth Neel and team preps for a massive action sequence. See video |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/salaar-prashanth-neel-and-team-preps-for-a-massive-action-sequence-see-video/articleshow/91647119.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=19 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019203338/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/salaar-prashanth-neel-and-team-preps-for-a-massive-action-sequence-see-video/articleshow/91647119.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> The fourth leg commenced on 28 June in Hyderabad. The schedule reportedly had a huge set erected for an action sequence, which featured Prabhas, Shruti and various fighters, stunt-choreographed by the duo [[Anbariv]]. It was reported that the schedule would be a lengthy one.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-28 |title=Prabhas's 'Salaar' new shooting schedule begins in Hyderabad |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhass-salaar-new-shooting-schedule-begins-in-hyderabad/articleshow/92512342.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=23 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223043853/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhass-salaar-new-shooting-schedule-begins-in-hyderabad/articleshow/92512342.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> In December, producer Vijay Kiragandur revealed that 85 percent of filming was finished.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><br />
<br />
Filming was reported to be in the final leg in early February 2023 and set to conclude by the end of the month.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-07 |title=Prabhas' 'Salaar' in the final leg of its shoot |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-salaar-in-the-final-leg-of-its-shoot/articleshow/97677824.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331222833/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-salaar-in-the-final-leg-of-its-shoot/articleshow/97677824.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> In this leg, the crew shot a 20-minute-long action sequence in the middle of the sea, at a cost of around {{INRConvert|10|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2022 |title=Director Prashant Neil To Shoot Huge Climax Sequence For Prabhas' Salaar |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/director-prashant-neil-to-shoot-huge-climax-sequence-for-prabhas-salaar-5289715.html |access-date= |website=News18 |language= |archive-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630151436/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/director-prashant-neil-to-shoot-huge-climax-sequence-for-prabhas-salaar-5289715.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Haasan joined the sets on 10 February, after being busy for the post-production and release works for ''[[Veera Simha Reddy]]'' and ''[[Waltair Veerayya]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-10 |title=Shruti Haasan excited to be back on the sets of Prabhas co-starrer Salaar |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/shruti-haasan-excited-to-be-back-on-the-sets-of-prabhas-co-starrer-salaar/articleshow/97791771.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222025829/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/shruti-haasan-excited-to-be-back-on-the-sets-of-prabhas-co-starrer-salaar/articleshow/97791771.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> She completed filming her portions by 23 February.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-23 |title=Shruti Haasan heaps praise on Prabhas and Prashanth Neel as she wraps up shoot for 'Salaar' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/shruti-haasan-heaps-praise-on-prabhas-and-prashanth-neel-as-she-wraps-up-shoot-for-salaar/articleshow/98185978.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222015406/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/shruti-haasan-heaps-praise-on-prabhas-and-prashanth-neel-as-she-wraps-up-shoot-for-salaar/articleshow/98185978.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> In mid March, production moved to [[Matera]], Italy; filming would then continue in [[Naples]], then [[Rome]] and [[Budapest]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-31 |title=Prashanth Neel's Prabhas-starrer 'Salaar' shot at James Bond film locations |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prashanth-neels-prabhas-starrer-salaar-shot-at-james-bond-film-locations/articleshow/99144715.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202052701/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prashanth-neels-prabhas-starrer-salaar-shot-at-james-bond-film-locations/articleshow/99144715.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> The initial release date of 28 September 2023 was postponed due to reshoots in mid-September. It was reported that after watching the final edit, Neel felt that there was room for improvement.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite news |date=2023-09-25 |title=Salaar: Will Prabhas' film face more delays due to climax reshoot? |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/salaar-will-prabhas-film-face-more-delays-due-to-climax-reshoot/articleshow/103925342.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=6 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006061031/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/salaar-will-prabhas-film-face-more-delays-due-to-climax-reshoot/articleshow/103925342.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> In late October, a "big war sequence" was filmed, featuring over 750 vehicles, including jeeps, tanks and trunks.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-02 |title='Salaar: Part 1 Ceasefire' action sequences shot like a big war sequence like a Hollywood film; Sources confirm! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/salaar-part-1-ceasefire-action-sequences-shot-like-a-big-war-sequence-like-a-hollywood-film-sources-confirm/articleshow/104905519.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105102917/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/salaar-part-1-ceasefire-action-sequences-shot-like-a-big-war-sequence-like-a-hollywood-film-sources-confirm/articleshow/104905519.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> Principal photography [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] after a total of 114 working days over nearly three years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-01 |title=Salaar Part 1: Prabhas and Shruti Haasan's Film Was Wrapped In 114 Days; Deets Inside |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/salaar-part-1-prabhas-and-shruti-haasans-film-was-wrapped-in-114-days-deets-inside-8685034.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=21 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221021454/https://www.news18.com/movies/salaar-part-1-prabhas-and-shruti-haasans-film-was-wrapped-in-114-days-deets-inside-8685034.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Post-production ===<br />
In December 2022, Vijay Kiragandur stated that [[visual effects]] work would take around six months.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> By August 2023, post-production work was moved to [[Basrur|Basroor]] village in Karnataka, where composer Ravi Basrur's studio is located, reportedly to ensure security and prevent leaks.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-21 |title=Prabhas' 'Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire' postproduction moves to Karnataka village |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-salaar-part-1-ceasefire-postproduction-moves-to-karnataka-village/articleshow/102909850.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222032433/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prabhas-salaar-part-1-ceasefire-postproduction-moves-to-karnataka-village/articleshow/102909850.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> Shruti Haasan began dubbing her portions in mid-August 2023, and did so in Telugu, [[Kannada]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Malayalam]] and [[Hindi]]. She completed her dubbing work by early September.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-29 |title=Salaar: Shruti Haasan records dubbing in five languages for Prabhas starrer |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/salaar-shruti-haasan-records-dubbing-in-five-languages-for-prabhas-starrer/articleshow/103182904.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222032434/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/salaar-shruti-haasan-records-dubbing-in-five-languages-for-prabhas-starrer/articleshow/103182904.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> Prithviraj Sukumaran would do likewise by 10 December.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-10 |title=Prithviraj Sukumaran completed the dubbing of Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire in all languages! Says, "Deva and Varadha will meet you in theatres" |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prithviraj-sukumaran-completed-the-dubbing-of-salaar-part-1-ceasefire-in-all-languages-says-deva-and-varadha-will-meet-you-in-theatres/articleshow/105883321.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222015406/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/prithviraj-sukumaran-completed-the-dubbing-of-salaar-part-1-ceasefire-in-all-languages-says-deva-and-varadha-will-meet-you-in-theatres/articleshow/105883321.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Approximately 600 VFX shots were still pending in mid-September which, along with the reshoots, caused the postponement of the original 28 September release date.<ref name="ReferenceB"/><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
{{Main|Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire (soundtrack)}}<br />
<br />
The music and background score is composed by [[Ravi Basrur]], in his fourth collaboration with Neel after ''Ugramm'', ''KGF: Chapter 1'' and ''KGF: Chapter 2''. The audio rights were acquired by [[Divo (record label)|Divo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Suma |date=2023-09-14 |title=Non-Theatrical Rights For Prabhas' Salaar Sold For ₹350 Crore |url=https://telugustop.com/non-theatrical-rights-for-prabhas-salaar-sold-for-%e2%82%b9350-crore |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=TeluguStop.com |archive-date=23 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223043855/https://telugustop.com/non-theatrical-rights-for-prabhas-salaar-sold-for-%E2%82%B9350-crore/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The first single titled "Sooreede" was released on 13 December 2023.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=13 December 2023 |title='Salaar' first song 'Sooreede' out. Fans say it is 'pure goosebumps' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/salaar-part-one-ceasefire-first-song-sooreede-out-fans-say-it-is-pure-goosebumps-prabhas-prithiviraj-sukumaran-ravi-basrur-prashanth-neel-december-22-2475642-2023-12-13 |website=India Today |date=13 December 2023 |archive-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213135138/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/salaar-part-one-ceasefire-first-song-sooreede-out-fans-say-it-is-pure-goosebumps-prabhas-prithiviraj-sukumaran-ravi-basrur-prashanth-neel-december-22-2475642-2023-12-13 |url-status=live }}</ref> Three more singles—"Prathi Gaadhalo", "Sound of Salaar" and "Vinaraa"—followed on 21, 22 and 26 December respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2023 |title=Salaar: Part 1 - Ceasefire second single released: Prathikadalo talks about the power of forgiveness |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/salaar-part-1-ceasefire-second-single-released-prathikadalo-talks-about-power-of-forgiveness-101703159116791.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225115141/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/salaar-part-1-ceasefire-second-single-released-prathikadalo-talks-about-power-of-forgiveness-101703159116791.html |archive-date=25 December 2023 |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=22 December 2023 |title=Sound of Salaar (From "Salaar Cease Fire") Song {{!}} Ravi Basrur |url=https://gaana.com/song/sound-of-salaar-from-salaar-cease-fire#:~:text=Listen%20to%20Ravi%20Basrur%20Sound,is%20sung%20by%20Ravi%20Basrur |website=gaana.com |archive-date=10 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110201102/https://gaana.com/song/sound-of-salaar-from-salaar-cease-fire#:~:text=Listen%20to%20Ravi%20Basrur%20Sound,is%20sung%20by%20Ravi%20Basrur |url-status=live }}.</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=26 December 2023 |title=Vinaraa (From "Salaar Cease Fire - Telugu") Song {{!}} Ravi Basrur |url=https://gaana.com/song/vinaraa-from-salaar-cease-fire-telugu |website=gaana.com |archive-date=10 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110201358/https://gaana.com/song/vinaraa-from-salaar-cease-fire-telugu |url-status=live }}</ref> The entire [[Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire (soundtrack)|soundtrack album]] was released on 31 December 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2023 |title=Salaar: Part 1 {{ndash}} Ceasefire (Telugu) [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack] |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6LBXEC2wsCrhOjF0Vhn5hj |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109143608/https://open.spotify.com/album/6LBXEC2wsCrhOjF0Vhn5hj |archive-date=9 January 2024 |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=Spotify}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Marketing ==<br />
When the teaser of ''Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire'' was released on 6 July 2023, it had more than 83 million views in 24 hours, breaking the record for an Indian film.<ref>{{cite news |title=Prabhas's Salaar Teaser Breaks Records |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/top-south-news-of-the-day-prabhas-salaar-teaser-breaks-records-thalapathy-vijays-father-makes-debut-article-101577798 |access-date=8 July 2023 |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708192345/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/top-south-news-of-the-day-prabhas-salaar-teaser-breaks-records-thalapathy-vijays-father-makes-debut-article-101577798 |work=Times Now |url-status=live }}</ref> The first trailer of the film was released on 1 December 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2023 |title='Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire' trailer: Prabhas is a one-man in army in Prashanth Neel's action extravaganza |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/salaar-part-1-ceasefire-trailer-prabhas-is-a-one-man-in-army-in-prashanth-neels-action-extravaganza/article67597270.ece |access-date=2 December 2023 |website=The Hindu |language=en |archive-date=2 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202065025/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/salaar-part-1-ceasefire-trailer-prabhas-is-a-one-man-in-army-in-prashanth-neels-action-extravaganza/article67597270.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The second trailer was released on 18 December 2023.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 December 2023 |title='Salaar' trailer 2: Prabhas and Prithviraj's action-drama is pure goosebumps |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/salaar-trailer-2-prabhas-and-prithviraj-sukumaran-action-drama-is-pure-goosebumps-2477414-2023-12-18 |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=India Today |archive-date=23 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223043854/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/salaar-trailer-2-prabhas-and-prithviraj-sukumaran-action-drama-is-pure-goosebumps-2477414-2023-12-18 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
<br />
=== Theatrical ===<br />
''Salaar Part 1 – Ceasefire'' was theatrically released on 22 December 2023 in standard and [[IMAX]] formats.<ref name="Release">{{cite web |date=25 September 2023 |title=CONFIRMED: Prabhas' Salaar To Release on December 22; to clash with Shah Rukh Khan's Dunki |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-prabhas-salaar-release-december-22-clash-shah-rukh-khans-dunki/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925183903/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-prabhas-salaar-release-december-22-clash-shah-rukh-khans-dunki/ |archive-date=25 September 2023 |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> It was released in Telugu along with dubbed versions of Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam, & Hindi languages.<ref>{{cite news |title=Salaar Release Date : రూమర్స్ నమ్మెుద్దు.. సలార్ వచ్చేది అప్పుడే.. |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/salaar-movie-team-clarity-on-release-date-prabhas-prashanth-neel-121684081671021.html |access-date=14 May 2023 |publisher=Hindustan Times Telugu |archive-date=14 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514191438/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/salaar-movie-team-clarity-on-release-date-prabhas-prashanth-neel-121684081671021.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=15 August 2022 |title=Salaar: Prabhas, Prashanth Neel's film release date announced with new poster |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-salaar-prabhas-prashanth-neel-film-release-date-announced-with-new-poster-september-28-2023-2976744 |access-date=15 August 2022 |website=[[Zee Media Corporation|DNA]] |archive-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815075159/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-salaar-prabhas-prashanth-neel-film-release-date-announced-with-new-poster-september-28-2023-2976744 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite web |date=9 March 2022 |title=Prabhas Reveals Prithviraj Sukumaran Will Be The Part Of 'Salaar' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/prabhas-reveals-prithviraj-sukumaran-will-be-the-part-of-salaar--news-185960 |website=Outlook |quote='Salaar’ will be shot in both Telugu and Kannada languages and will be dubbed into Hindi, Tamil, and Malayalam languages. |access-date=9 March 2022 |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309120636/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/prabhas-reveals-prithviraj-sukumaran-will-be-the-part-of-salaar--news-185960 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film received an A (adults only) certification from the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] on account of intense action sequences and violence.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=11 December 2023 |title=After 'Animal', 'Salaar Part 1, CeaseFire' gets 'A' certificate from the Censor Board |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/after-animal-salaar-part-1-ceasefire-gets-a-certificate-from-the-censor-board-2805575 |work=Deccan Herald}}</ref> The makers expected a U/A (parental guidance) classification, but were unwilling to make cuts, and since the board had updated their rules, the makers accepted the adult classification.<ref>{{Cite web |access-date=20 December 2023 |title=Prashanth Neel on Salaar getting an A certificate: 'I haven't made a vulgar film' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/prashanth-neel-on-salaar-getting-an-a-certificate-i-haven-t-made-a-vulgar-film-101703058096044.html |work=Hindustan Times|date=20 December 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |access-date=22 December 2023 |title=Prashanth Neel on Salaar getting A certificate: 'I was very disappointed, called Prabhas sir…' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/prashanth-neel-on-salaar-getting-a-certificate-i-was-very-disappointed-called-prabhas-sir-9075929/ |work=The Indian Express|date=20 December 2023 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Earlier in August 2021, it was announced that the film was going to release on 14 April 2022.<ref>{{cite web |author=Ramya Palisetty |date=22 August 2021 |title=Yash's KGF 2 to release on Apr 14, 2022, to clash with Prabhas's Salaar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/yash-s-kgf-2-to-release-on-apr-14-2022-to-clash-with-prabhas-s-salaar-1843981-2021-08-22 |access-date=23 August 2021 |publisher=India Today |archive-date=23 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823024852/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/yash-s-kgf-2-to-release-on-apr-14-2022-to-clash-with-prabhas-s-salaar-1843981-2021-08-22 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was later postponed due to Neel and Hombale's film, ''[[KGF: Chapter 2]]'' which was scheduled to release on that date.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2024-07-06 |title=Amid Kalki 2898 AD emerging as the global blockbuster, Prabhas' Salaar releases at the Japan box office |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/amid-kalki-2898-ad-emerging-as-the-global-blockbuster-prabhas-salaar-releases-at-the-japan-box-office-13790106.html |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> In March 2022, producer [[Vijay Kiragandur]] in an interview with ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' stated that the film was postponed to the second quarter (April–June) of 2023 due to production delays owing to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=24 March 2022 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Salaar to be a Summer 2023 release; Producers open up about shoot schedule, Prabhas & more |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-salaar-be-summer-2023-release-producers-open-about-shoot-schedule-prabhas-more-1052743 |access-date=28 March 2022 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328222951/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-salaar-be-summer-2023-release-producers-open-about-shoot-schedule-prabhas-more-1052743 |url-status=live }}</ref> In August 2022, the release date was announced as 28 September 2023 but postponed to 22 December 2023.<ref name="Release" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Salaar makers confirm Prabhas-starrer will clash with Shah Rukh Khan's Dunki, fans call it 'biggest clash ever' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-salaar-makers-confirm-prabhas-film-will-clash-with-shah-rukh-khan-s-dunki-rajkumar-hirani-prasanth-neel-3062425 |access-date=29 September 2023 |website=DNA India |language=en |archive-date=30 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930001930/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-salaar-makers-confirm-prabhas-film-will-clash-with-shah-rukh-khan-s-dunki-rajkumar-hirani-prasanth-neel-3062425 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 5 July 2024, the film released in [[Japan]], achieving the third-biggest opening for an Indian film.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=4 May 2024 |title=Prabhas and Prithviraj Sukumaran starrer Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire to release in Japan on July 5 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/prabhas-prithviraj-sukumaran-starrer-salaar-part-1-ceasefire-release-japan-july-5/ |work=Bollywood Hungama|date=4 May 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-07-10 |title=Prabhas's 'Salaar' is the third biggest opener in Japan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-salaar-third-biggest-opener-japan-2564757-2024-07-10 |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Distribution ===<br />
It was released by the production house [[Hombale Films]] in [[Karnataka]] and rest of [[Telangana]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Hymavathi |first=Ravali |date=28 January 2022 |title=HBD Shruti Haasan: The 'Salaar' Beauty Is Introduced As 'Aadya' From The Movie |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/hbd-shruti-haasan-the-salaar-beauty-is-introduced-as-aadya-from-the-movie-726709 |website=www.thehansindia.com |access-date=9 March 2022 |archive-date=28 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128065126/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/hbd-shruti-haasan-the-salaar-beauty-is-introduced-as-aadya-from-the-movie-726709 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was distributed in North America by Moksha Movies and Prathyangira Cinemas jointly.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 March 2023 |title=Salaar in North America |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/usschedules/salaar.html |website=[[idlebrain.com]] |access-date=6 June 2023 |archive-date=6 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606141825/https://www.idlebrain.com/usschedules/salaar.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[AA Films]] acquired the distribution rights in [[North India]]<ref>{{cite web |access-date=21 December 2023 |title=Salaar to release across PVR INOX theatres in India, says multiplex chain |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/story/salaar-to-release-across-pvr-inox-theatres-in-india-says-multiplex-chain-410377-2023-12-21 |work=Business Today|date=21 December 2023 }}</ref> while [[Prithviraj Productions]] acquired the distributed rights in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite news |access-date=6 November 2023 |title='Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire' ropes in THIS Malayalam superstar to present the Prabhas starrer in Kerala |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/salaar-part-1-ceasefire-ropes-in-this-malayalam-superstar-to-present-the-prabhas-starrer-in-kerala/articleshow/105013567.cms |work=Times of India |date=6 November 2023 |archive-date=23 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223043854/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/salaar-part-1-ceasefire-ropes-in-this-malayalam-superstar-to-present-the-prabhas-starrer-in-kerala/articleshow/105013567.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Mythri Movie Makers]] acquired the Nizam area distribution rights.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=26 October 2023 |title=Telugu consortium buys Salaar rights in AP, Telangana |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/261023/prabhas-s-salaar-pre-business-in-telugu-states.html |work=Deccan Chronicle|date=26 October 2023 }}</ref> The film was distributed across [[Andhra Pradesh]] by Sree Siri Sai Cinemas, Lakshmi Narasimha Sri Manikanta Films, Geeta Film Distributor, KSN Tele Films, Sri Vengamamba Cinemas and Shilpakala Entertainments.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://x.com/SalaarTheSaga/status/1724756753341145523?t=WEzIzSm-cWL430vpYunxAg&s=19 | title=Salaar (@SalaarTheSaga) on X | work=X (formerly Twitter) }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=15 November 2023 |title=Salaar AP Distributors List |url=https://www.m9.news/short/salaar-ap-telangana-distributors-list/ |work=M9 News|date=15 November 2023 }}</ref> The [[Tamil Nadu]] distribution rights were acquired by [[Red Giant Movies]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=10 November 2023 |title=Red Giant Movies to release Salaar in Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/nov/10/red-giant-movies-to-release-salaar-in-tamil-nadu-49413.html |work=Cinema Express |date=10 November 2023 |archive-date=10 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110165355/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/nov/10/red-giant-movies-to-release-salaar-in-tamil-nadu-49413.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Home media ===<br />
''Salaar'' earned {{INRConvert|350|c}} from non-theatrical distribution rights including satellite, digital and audio before release.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prabhas' Salaar's non-theatrical rights sold for over Rs 350 crore |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-salaars-non-theatrical-rights-sold-for-over-rs-350-crore-2435116-2023-09-13 |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=India Today |date=13 September 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102141123/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-salaars-non-theatrical-rights-sold-for-over-rs-350-crore-2435116-2023-09-13 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Disney Star]] acquired the satellite rights of Telugu and other dubbed versions. The [[Streaming media|digital streaming rights]] were acquired by [[Netflix]] for five languages.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=13 September 2023 |title=BREAKING: Prabhas-starrer Salaar's satellite, digital and audio rights sold for a RECORD Rs. 350 crores |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-prabhas-starrer-salaars-satellite-digital-audio-rights-sold-record-rs-350-crores/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=13 September 2023 |archive-date=14 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914030231/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-prabhas-starrer-salaars-satellite-digital-audio-rights-sold-record-rs-350-crores/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was premiered on Netflix from 20 January 2024 in Telugu and dubbed versions of Kannada, Tamil and Malayalam languages.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=19 January 2024 |title=Prabhas, Prithviraj Sukumaran's 'Salaar: Part 1' to release on OTT on this date |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-salaar-prithviraj-sukumaran-prashanth-neel-ott-release-date-2490673-2024-01-19 |website=India Today |date=19 January 2024 |archive-date=19 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119060126/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-salaar-prithviraj-sukumaran-prashanth-neel-ott-release-date-2490673-2024-01-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> An English dubbed version began streaming from 5 February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |access-date=6 February 2024 |title='Salaar Part 1: Ceasefire' now streaming on Netflix in English language |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/salaar-part-1-ceasefire-is-now-streaming-on-netflix-in-english-language-2881865 |work=Deccan Herald}}</ref> The Hindi dubbed version premiered on [[Disney+ Hotstar]] from 16 February 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/prabhas-starrer-salaar-part-1-ceasefire-stream-hindi-february-16-disney-hotstar/|title=Prabhas starrer Salaar Part 1: Ceasefire to stream in Hindi from February 16 on Disney+ Hotstar|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=9 February 2024|access-date=9 February 2024|archive-date=11 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611013405/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/prabhas-starrer-salaar-part-1-ceasefire-stream-hindi-february-16-disney-hotstar/|url-status=live}}</ref> The original Telugu-language version of the film was premiered on television on 21 April 2024 on [[Star Maa]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=18 April 2024 |title=Salaar TV Premiere: టీవీ ఛానెల్లో వచ్చేస్తున్న సలార్ మూవీ.. టీవీ ప్రీమియర్ టీజర్ కూడా వచ్చేసింది.. డేట్, టైమ్ ఇవే |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/salaar-tv-premiere-date-and-time-prabhas-action-thriller-to-telecast-on-star-maa-channel-121713177616450.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526212844/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/salaar-tv-premiere-date-and-time-prabhas-action-thriller-to-telecast-on-star-maa-channel-121713177616450.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 May 2024 |work=Hindustan Times |language=Telugu}}</ref> The Hindi-language version was premiered on 25 May 2024 on [[Star Gold]].<ref>{{Cite web |access-date=24 May 2024 |title=Prabhas starrer Salaar Part 1: Ceasefire to premiere on Star Gold on THIS date |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/prabhas-starrer-salaar-part-1-ceasefire-premiere-star-gold-date/ |work=Bollywood Hungama|date=24 May 2024 }}</ref> The film was also released in Japanese [[Blu-ray]] version on 4 December 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Salaar-Part-1-Ceasefire-Blu-ray/374365|title=Salaar: Part 1 Ceasefire [Blu-ray]|website=[[Blu-ray.com]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
<br />
=== Critical response ===<br />
''Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire'' received generally positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-22 |title=Salaar First Reviews Out: Prabhas-Starrer Action Flick Gets Mixed Response |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/south-cinema/salaar-first-reviews-prabhas-starrer-action-flick-gets-mixed-response-fans-call-it-blockbuster-1651736 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225135228/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/south-cinema/salaar-first-reviews-prabhas-starrer-action-flick-gets-mixed-response-fans-call-it-blockbuster-1651736 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=[[ABP News]] |language=en}}</ref> {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=73|count=22|average=5.9|consensus=''Salaar: Part 1 - Ceasefire'' leavens its non-stop action with well-written characters who keep things engaging even as the set pieces threaten to overwhelm.|ref=yes |access-date=26 December 2023}}<br />
<br />
The film received praise for the direction, performances, storyline, action sequences, BGM and world building of Khansaar but received criticism for its First Half and similarities with [[Ugramm]] and [[KGF (film series)|KGF]].<br />
<br />
Paul Nicodemus of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 3.5/5 and wrote "It is a riveting watch for those with a taste for grand and epic narratives. Fans of Prabhas and Prithviraj Sukumaran will find much to admire in this intense and captivating film. It's a film that will entertain and impress with its scale, but might require some patience in the initial stages."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Salaar Movie Review : A Riveting Tale of Power and Brotherhood in a Dystopian World |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/salaar/movie-review/106203242.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222073547/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/salaar/movie-review/106203242.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> Janany K of ''[[India Today]]'' gave the film 3.5/5 and wrote "''Salaar: Part 1 - Ceasefire'' is a mass masala action entertainer that celebrates Prabhas's stardom. Now, get ready for ''Salaar: Part 2 - Shouryaanga Parvam''".<ref>{{Cite web |title='Salaar' Review: Prabhas is an invincible hero in the comeback film he deserves |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/salaar-review-prabhas-is-an-invincible-hero-in-the-comeback-film-he-deserves-2479275-2023-12-22 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=India Today |date=22 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222091443/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/salaar-review-prabhas-is-an-invincible-hero-in-the-comeback-film-he-deserves-2479275-2023-12-22 |url-status=live }}</ref> S. Devasankar of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' gave the film 3/5 and wrote "Prashanth Neel's Telugu debut is nothing short of a masterpiece, a visual spectacle. The film engages fans with brilliantly choreographed action sequences without losing track of the underlying story and drama. Prithviraj Sukumaran was right when he said that Salaar at its core is a drama. The drama definitely works out, and the filmmaker has hit it out of the park, with the help of his star-studded cast."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-22 |title=Salaar: Part 1 - Ceasefire Movie Review: Prabhas and Prashanth Neel deliver an epic cinematic spectacle |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/salaar-part-1-ceasefire-movie-review-prabhas-and-prashanth-neels-latest-film-is-an-amalgamation-of-ugramm-and-kgf-1266996 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222080631/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/salaar-part-1-ceasefire-movie-review-prabhas-and-prashanth-neels-latest-film-is-an-amalgamation-of-ugramm-and-kgf-1266996 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave the film 3/5 and wrote "On the whole, ''Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire'' boasts of whistle-worthy moments that will be loved by the masses. However, the excessive violence, a needlessly complicated second half and a limited showcasing due to [[Dunki (film)|''Dunki'']] will affect its box office prospects to an extent."<ref>{{Cite web | date=2023-12-22 |title=Salaar Movie Review: CEASEFIRE boasts of moments that will be loved by the masses. |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/salaar/critic-review/salaar-movie-review/ceasefire-boasts-of-moments-that-will-be-loved-by-the-masses/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |language=en |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222082912/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/salaar/critic-review/salaar-movie-review/ceasefire-boasts-of-moments-that-will-be-loved-by-the-masses/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mayur Sanap of [[Rediff.com|''Rediff'']] gave the film 3/5 and wrote "[Prashanth] Neel ups the ante on all of the formulaic elements from KGF by instilling them with more ambition and technical dazzle that sustain his bonkers vision."<ref>{{Cite web |last=SANAP |first=MAYUR |title=Salaar Review: Adrenaline-Filled Action Ride |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/salaar-review/20231222.htm |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Rediff |language=en |archive-date=23 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223044356/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/salaar-review/20231222.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Sangeetha Deva Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "''Salaar'' is tailored to cater to lovers of mass action entertainers. There is a lot of indulgent ‘build up’ with nearly every character — the mother, Obulamma, Rama, the businessman who fears for his daughter Aadya, the children, and several aides — talks in exalted terms about Deva at regular intervals. At one point, I wanted the film to cut the chase and tell us what makes him a fiery warlord."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2023-12-22 |title='Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire' movie review: Prabhas returns to form in Prashanth Neel's indulgent saga of friends in a dystopian land |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/salaar-part-1-ceasefire-movie-review-prabhas-returns-to-form-in-prashanth-neels-indulgent-saga/article67665283.ece |access-date=2023-12-22 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222090900/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/salaar-part-1-ceasefire-movie-review-prabhas-returns-to-form-in-prashanth-neels-indulgent-saga/article67665283.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' gave the film 2.5/5 and wrote "Solid star turns from Prabhas and Prithviraj Sukumaran are the main draws of ''Salaar: Part 1 - Ceasefire''. The rest of the film's appeal lies in the lure of unbridled excess."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salaar: Part 1 - Ceasefire Review: Star Turns From Prabhas, Prithviraj Sukumaran Are The Main Draws |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/salaar-part-1-ceasefire-review-star-turns-from-prabhas-prithviraj-sukumaran-are-the-main-draws-2-5-stars-4722179 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=23 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223044445/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/salaar-part-1-ceasefire-review-star-turns-from-prabhas-prithviraj-sukumaran-are-the-main-draws-2-5-stars-4722179 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sonil Dedhia of [[News18 India|''News18'']] gave the film 2.5/5 and wrote "Overall, ''Salaar'' is only for Prabhas fans and for those who feel an assault on the senses is a form of cinema. But if you love your eardrums and have had your fill of the super-heroic exploits of an underdog-turned-top dog hero, you can give this film a probable miss."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-22 |title=Salaar Review: Prashanth Neel Shows Prabhas In His Best Form But It Is Not Everyone's Cup of Tea |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/salaar-review-prashanth-neel-shows-prabhas-in-his-best-form-but-it-is-not-everyones-cup-of-tea-8713635.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222082249/https://www.news18.com/movies/salaar-review-prashanth-neel-shows-prabhas-in-his-best-form-but-it-is-not-everyones-cup-of-tea-8713635.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave the film 2/5 and wrote "''Salaar Part 2'' promises more, more, more. Are we ready for it? Most of part one is eye-glazing enough, making you numb to the murder and mayhem: all noise, meaning very little."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-22 |title=Salaar Movie Review: Prabhas' violence-riddled film is all noise, meaning very little |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/salaar-movie-review-prabhas-prithviraj-sukumaran-prashanth-neel-violence-all-noise-meaning-very-little-9078704/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222090912/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/salaar-movie-review-prabhas-prithviraj-sukumaran-prashanth-neel-violence-all-noise-meaning-very-little-9078704/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Monika Rawal Kukreja of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote: "Prabhas makes a stellar comeback, film snatches [[Animal (2023 Indian film)|''Animal'']]'s 'most violent movie of the year' crown."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-22 |title=Salaar review: Prabhas makes a stellar comeback, film snatches Animal's 'most violent movie of the year' crown |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/salaar-review-prabhas-makes-a-stellar-comeback-film-snatches-animals-most-violent-movie-of-the-year-crown-101703231722463.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222092340/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/salaar-review-prabhas-makes-a-stellar-comeback-film-snatches-animals-most-violent-movie-of-the-year-crown-101703231722463.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Box office ===<br />
''Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire'' earned {{INRConvert|108|c}} domestically on the first day while it collected a total of {{INRConvert|178.70|c}} worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Salaar' box office collection Day 1: Prabhas' film earns Rs 178.7 crore globally |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/salaar-box-office-collection-day-1-prabhas-prashanth-neel-film-makes-biggest-opening-of-2023-2479522-2023-12-23 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=India Today |date=23 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=23 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223095234/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/salaar-box-office-collection-day-1-prabhas-prashanth-neel-film-makes-biggest-opening-of-2023-2479522-2023-12-23 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/salaar-part-1-ceasefire-worldwide-box-office-collection-day-1-prabhas-film-creates-history-101703330642970.html |title=Salaar worldwide box office collection day 1: Prabhas' film grosses over ₹178 crore, creates history |website=Hindustan Times |date=23 December 2023 |access-date=25 December 2023 |archive-date=24 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224193413/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/salaar-part-1-ceasefire-worldwide-box-office-collection-day-1-prabhas-film-creates-history-101703330642970.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film emerged as the [[List of Telugu films of 2023|highest-grossing Telugu film of 2023]], [[List of highest-grossing Telugu films|fourth highest-grossing Telugu film of all time]], [[List of highest-grossing South Indian films|sixth highest-grossing South Indian film of all time]], [[List of Indian films of 2023#Box office collection|Fifth highest-grossing Indian film of 2023]] and [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|15th highest-grossing Indian film of all time]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2023 |title=Salaar review: Prabhas makes a stellar comeback, film snatches Animal's 'most violent movie of the year' crown |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/salaar-review-prabhas-makes-a-stellar-comeback-film-snatches-animals-most-violent-movie-of-the-year-crown-101703231722463.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=22 December 2023 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222092340/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/salaar-review-prabhas-makes-a-stellar-comeback-film-snatches-animals-most-violent-movie-of-the-year-crown-101703231722463.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It has grossed {{INR}}614 crore worldwide.{{efn|name="bo"}}<br />
<br />
==Sequel==<br />
The sequel to the film, titled ''Salaar: Part 2 – Shouryaanga Parvam'', was revealed at the end of the film.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=22 December 2023 |title='Salaar' Part 2 title revealed in film's climax. Find out |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-salaar-part-2-title-revealed-in-films-climax-can-you-guess-2479311-2023-12-22 |work=India Today|date=22 December 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |access-date=1 January 2024 |title=Salaar Part 2 confirmed! Prabhas starrer to be titled 'Shouryanga Parvam' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/salaara-part-2-is-titled-shouryanga-parvam/articleshow/106225097.cms |work=Times of India|date=January 2024 }}</ref> In January 2024, Kiragandur confirmed that the script is ready. The filming of the sequel continued from August 2024 in [[Ramoji Film City]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-03 |title=Prabhas to begin shooting for 'Salaar Part 2' from August 10 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/prabhas-to-begin-shooting-for-salaar-part-2-from-august-10-2561904-2024-07-03 |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=3 July 2024 |title=Prabhas and Prithviraj Sukumaran starrer Salaar 2: Shauryanga Parvam to go on floors on August 10; 15-day shoot set in Ramoji in Hyderabad to serve as location: Report |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/prabhas-prithviraj-sukumaran-starrer-salaar-2-shauryanga-parvam-go-floors-august-10-15-day-shoot-set-ramoji-hyderabad-serve-location-report/ |access-date=3 July 2024 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> In November 2024, [[Hombale Films]] announced that the sequel will release in 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salaar producer Vijay Kiragandur reveals release date of Prabhas-starrer's sequel: 'Part 2 will be like Game of Thrones' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-salaar-producer-vijay-kiragandur-reveals-release-date-of-prabhas-film-sequel-salaar-part-2-game-of-thrones-3073424 |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=DNA India |language=en |archive-date=4 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104210506/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-salaar-producer-vijay-kiragandur-reveals-release-date-of-prabhas-film-sequel-salaar-part-2-game-of-thrones-3073424 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|id=salaar}}<br />
<br />
{{Prashanth Neel}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Salaar: Part 1 - Ceasefire}}<br />
[[Category:2023 films]]<br />
[[Category:2023 action thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:2023 crime action films]]<br />
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2023 Telugu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2020s dystopian films]]<br />
[[Category:2020s political action films]]<br />
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Afghan people]]<br />
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Austrian people]]<br />
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Indian monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Russian people]]<br />
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Serbian people]]<br />
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Ukrainian people]]<br />
[[Category:Films about coups d'état]]<br />
[[Category:Films about friendship]]<br />
[[Category:Films about kings]]<br />
[[Category:Films about massacres]]<br />
[[Category:Films about mercenaries]]<br />
[[Category:Films about nobility]]<br />
[[Category:Films about princes]]<br />
[[Category:Films about rebellions]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Prashanth Neel]]<br />
[[Category:Films released in separate parts]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in the 12th century]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in the 1740s]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in 1985]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in 2010]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in 2017]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Assam]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Chhattisgarh]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Odisha]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in the partition of India]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot at Ramoji Film City]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Budapest]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Matera]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Naples]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Rome]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Indian films set in New York City]]<br />
[[Category:Indian epic films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian dystopian films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian political action films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian IMAX films]]<br />
[[Category:Films distributed by AA Films]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Domestic_security&diff=549334Domestic security2026-05-24T03:22:33Z<p>RenaldoParadis: Stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Maintenance of peace within a state}}<br />
{{Multiple issues|{{more citations needed|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{original research|date=August 2025}}}}<br />
<br />
'''Domestic security''' is the act of keeping peace within the [[border]]s of a [[sovereign state]] or other [[Self-governance|self-governing territories]], generally by upholding the national [[law]] and defending against internal security threats. This task and role differs from [[border security]]. Responsibility for internal security may range from [[police]] to [[paramilitary]] forces, and in exceptional circumstances, the [[military]] itself.<br />
<br />
==Threats to domestic security==<br />
Defining what exactly constitutes a domestic threat is often contingent on political, cultural, and generational contexts.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/domesticintellig0000unse/page/2/mode/2up?q=%22domestic+security%22 |title=Domestic Intelligence |date=1986 |publisher=Lexington Books |isbn=9780669109023 |editor-last=Godson |editor-first=Roy |pages=3}}</ref><br />
<br />
Threats to the general peace may range from minor [[civil disorder|civil unrest]], large scale [[violence]], or even an armed [[insurgency]]. Threats to internal security may be directed at either the state's [[citizen]]s, or the organs and infrastructure of [[State (polity)|the state]] itself, and may range from petty [[crime]], serious [[organised crime|organized crime]], political or industrial unrest, or even domestic [[terrorism]]. Foreign powers may also act as a threat to internal security, by either committing or sponsoring terrorism or [[rebellion]], without actually [[Declaration of war|declaring war]].<br />
<br />
Governmental responsibility for internal security will generally rest with an [[interior ministry]], as opposed to a [[Defence minister|defence ministry]]. Depending on the state, a state's internal security will be maintained by either the ordinary [[police]] or more militarised security forces (known as [[gendarmerie]] or, literally, the [[internal troops]]). Other specialized internal security agencies may exist to augment these main forces, such as [[border guard]]s, [[List of special law enforcement units|special police unit]]s, or aspects of the state's [[Intelligence agency|intelligence agencies]]. In some states, internal security may be the primary responsibility of a [[secret police]] force.<br />
<br />
The level of authorized force used by agencies and forces responsible for maintaining internal security might range from unarmed [[police]] to fully armed [[paramilitary]] organizations, or employ some level of [[less-lethal weapon]]ry in between. For violent situations, internal [[security forces]] may contain some element of military type equipment such as [[non-military armored vehicles]].<br />
<br />
==Justice aspects==<br />
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2025}}<br />
Depending on the organization of the state, internal security forces may have [[jurisdiction]] on national or [[Federation|federal]] levels. As the concept of internal security refers to the entity of the state and its citizens, persons who are threats to internal security may be designated as an [[enemy of the state]] or [[enemy of the people]].<br />
<br />
Persons detained by internal security forces may either be dealt with by the normal [[criminal justice]] system, or for more serious crimes against internal security such as [[treason]], they may face special measures such as [[secret trial]]s. In times of extreme unrest, internal security actions may include measures such as [[internment]] (detention without trial).<br />
<br />
==Relationship with the military==<br />
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2025}}<br />
Depending on the nature of the specific state's [[form of government]], enforcing internal security will generally not be carried out by a country's [[military]] forces, whose primary role is external defense, except in times of extreme unrest or other [[state of emergency]], short of [[civil war]]. Often, military involvement in internal security is restricted to authorized [[military aid to the civil power]] as part of the principle of [[civilian control of the military]]. Military [[special forces]] units may in some cases be put under the temporary command of civilian powers, for special internal security situations such as [[counter terrorism]] operations.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Homeland security]]<br />
* [[National security]]<br />
* [[Private security]]<br />
* [[Public security]]<br />
* [[McCarran Internal Security Act]] of 1950 (US)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://www.insightsonindia.com/security-issues/internal-security/internal-security/ Meanings of Internal security] at insightsonindia.com<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Government]]<br />
[[Category:Gendarmerie]]<br />
[[Category:Law enforcement]]<br />
[[Category:Paramilitary]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maniklal_Sinha&diff=515979Maniklal Sinha2026-04-27T08:07:40Z<p>RenaldoParadis: made</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian archaeologist and writer (1916–1994)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=August 2022}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Maniklal Sinha<br />
| native_name = <br />
| image =মানিকলাল সিংহ.jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth-date|13 January 1916}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Joykrishnapur]], [[Bankura district]], [[British India]]<br />
| death_date = {{death-date and age|21 March 1994|13 January 1916}}<br />
| death_place = [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]], [[Bankura district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]<br />
| occupation = Teacher<br />
| spouse = Jui Rani Sinha<br />
| children = 5<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Maniklal Sinha''', also ''Maniklal Singha''; (13 January 1916 -21 March 1994)<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=Kabiraj |first=Susanta |title=Shodhganga |url=http://14.139.116.20:8080/jspui/handle/10603/365775 |language=Bengali}}</ref> was an Indian [[archaeologist]],<ref name=":2" /> [[List of Bengali-language authors (alphabetical)|writer]],<ref name=":4" /> poet,<ref name=":7" /> folk-culture scholar<ref name=":0" /> (Lokasangskritibid), novelist<ref name=":12" /> and assistant teacher at [[Bishnupur High School (Bankura)|Bishnupur High School]]. He was the main entrepreneur and founding director of Acharya Jogesh Chandra Pura Kirti Bhavan<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Chakrabarty |first=Rakhi |date=20 June 2015 |title=Relic Hunter |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/relic-hunter/articleshow/47740930.cms |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>(museum) and [[Bangiya Sahitya Parishad]] – Bishnupur Branch<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chairman – Bishnupur Municipality |url=https://bishnupurmunicipality.com/chairman/ |access-date=2022-08-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> in 1951 at [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]]. He was awarded an honorary [[D.Litt.]] degree by the [[University of Burdwan]] in 1989 for his contribution as an archaeologist, writer and novelist.<br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
Maniklal Sinha, son of Amulyaratan Singha and Narayani Debi was born on 13 January 1916 at [[Joykrishnapur]], near [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnpur]].<ref name=":0" /> In 1934, he passed [[Matriculation examination|Matriculation]] from [[Bishnupur High School]] (English Medium) and then completed I.S.C from [[Bankura Christian College]]. On 16 June 1936, Sinha was arrested from his home in [[Joykrishnapur]] on charges of sedition for the crime of [[Swadeshi movement|Swadeshi]]. On that day he was kept in Bishnupur Jail, but the next day i.e. 17 June, Sinha was transferred to [[Midnapore|Mednipur]] Central Jail<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Pradip |title=Ja Dekhechi Ja Sunechi |publisher=Ekabinsati Magazine: Achintya Biswas |year=1999 |pages=82 |language=Bengali}}</ref> after that on fourth of September, he was again transferred to Madarganj, [[Mymensingh]] . Finally, on 22 December 1937, he was released from jail. In 1938, he married Jui Rani Sinha and later in 1942, he completed a Bachelor's and a master's degree (1945) from [[Calcutta University]] and joined [[Bishnupur High School (Bankura)|Bishnupur High School]] as an assistant teacher. He took up teachers training i.e. B.T training from David Hare training college<ref name=":0" /> in 1952. <br />
<br />
At the age of 78, Maniklal Sinha died<ref name=":0" /> due to physical [[Disease|ailments]] of old age at home. In 2016, S.D.O, [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]] and D.M, [[Bankura]], organised few events to celebrate his 101 years of birth day at [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]] and [[Bankura]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=নিজস্ব |title=মানিকলাল জন্ম শতবর্ষ |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/purulia-birbhum-bankura/ম-ন-কল-ল-জন-ম-শতবর-ষ-1.285404 |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=anandabazar.com |language=bn}}</ref><br />
<br />
Maniklal Sinha and Jui Rani Sinha have five sons. Among of them Pradip Kumar Sinha<ref>{{cite web |title=File:রাঢ়ের পদাবলী – প্রদীপকুমার সিংহ.pdf – Wikimedia Commons |url=https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80_-_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B9.pdf?uselang=bn |website=commons.wikimedia.org |language=bn}}</ref> and Pranab Kumar Sinha<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Pranab |title=Prachin o Madhyayayuger Sahitye Bangali Samaj O Sanskriti |publisher=Banngiya Sahitya Parishad |year=1999 |language=Bengali}}</ref> are eminent writer, Sukanta Sinha is a publisher,<ref name=":5" /> Dr. Srikanta Sinha<ref>{{cite web |title=ORCID |url=https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4553-9643 |website=orcid.org}}</ref> is a scientist, [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]], Satellite Center, [[Bangalore]], India and Srikrishna Sinha<ref>{{cite web |title=ORCID |url=https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7858-5983 |website=orcid.org}}</ref> is an independent researcher.<br />
<br />
==Works==<br />
<br />
In the 1970s, Maniklal Sinha discovered a [[Chalcolithic]] emplacement at [[Dihar archaeological site|Dihar]]<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last1=Mondal |first1=Bijan |last2=Chattopadhyay |first2=Rupendra Kumar |last3=Biswas |first3=Pampa |last4=Acharya |first4=Dipsikha |title=Excavation at Dihar 2012–2013 : An Interim Report |date=30 March 2018 |url=https://www.academia.edu/36290222}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chakrabarti |first1=Dilip K. |last2=Sengupta |first2=Gautam |last3=Chattopadhyay |first3=R. K. |last4=Lahiri |first4=Nayanjot |date=1993-01-01 |title=Black-and-Red Ware Settlements in West Bengal |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/02666030.1993.9628469 |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=130 |doi=10.1080/02666030.1993.9628469 |issn=0266-6030|url-access=subscription }}</ref> north of [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]], on the north bank of [[Dwarakeswar River|Dwarakeshwar river]]. Coins, beads, semiprecious stone jewellery, and pottery were excavated. Sinha wrote to the archaeological department, [[University of Calcutta]] to take charge of it.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, his archaeological research was embodied through these books which are ''Kasai Sabhyata'',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Maniklal |title=Kansai Sabhyata |publisher=Bangiya Sahitya Parishad |year=1954 |location=Bishnupur |pages=1–102 |language=Bengali}}</ref> ''Paschim Rarh Tatha Bankura Sanskrti'',<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Singha |first=Maniklal |url=https://www.bucl.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27582&query_desc=su:%22Customs%22 |title=Paschim rarh tatha Bankura sanskriti |date=1977 |publisher=Chittaranjan Dasgupta |location=Bisnupur |archive-date=9 April 2023 |access-date=14 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409073416/https://www.bucl.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27582&query_desc=su:%22Customs%22 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Rarher Jati o Kristi'',<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Maniklal |title=Rarher Jati O Kristi |publisher=Sukanta Sinha; Bangiya Sahitya Parisad |year=1982 |edition=3rd |location=Bishnupur |pages=1–154 |language=Bengali}}</ref> ''Subarnarekha hoite Mayurakshi'',<ref name=":9" /> ''Rarher Mantrayan''<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Singha |first=Maniklal |url=https://www.bucl.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27166&query_desc=au,wrdl:%20Maniklal%20Singha |title=Rardher Mantrajan |publisher=Sri Chittaranjan Dasgupta |year=1979 |location=Bishnupur |pages=1–191 |language=Bengali |archive-date=14 August 2022 |access-date=14 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814090556/https://www.bucl.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=27166&query_desc=au,wrdl:%20Maniklal%20Singha |url-status=dead }}</ref> etc. These books are the products of the author's lifelong hard work and so much affection for ''[[Rarh region]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Medley of Faiths: Towards a Composite Religious Culture in Early Medieval Rāḍh |url=https://www.sahapedia.org/medley-of-faiths-towards-composite-religious-culture-early-medieval-r%C4%81%E1%B8%8Dh |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=Sahapedia |language=en}}</ref> Moreover, he highlighted the [[Jhumar song|Jhumur song]].<ref name=":10">{{cite web |last1=Sinha |first1=Manik Lal |title=Jhumar of the West Bengal highlands |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.15085/page/59/mode/2up |publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi, New Delhi |year=1974}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Basu |first1=Arun Kumar |title=Folksongs of Bengal |journal=Journal of the Indian Musicological Society |date=1 December 1986 |volume=17 |issue=2 |page=93}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Accolades==<br />
*[[National Teacher]] award in 1979.<br />
*Tamra Patra award for his contributions towards freedom from the [[Government of India]].<br />
*[[Ram Kumar Bhualoca]] award for ''Rarher Mantrayan'' from [[Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad]] in 1982. <br />
*[[Madhusudan Prize]] for ''Rather Jati o Kristi'' in 1986.<br />
*An honorary [[D. Litt.]] from the [[University of Burdwan]] in 1989.<br />
*[[Anushilan Samiti]] award in 1994.<br />
<br />
==Publications ==<br />
===Poetry books===<br />
*Deepshikha <ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Maniklal |title=Deep Shika |publisher=Sudhir Kumar Palit |year=1939 |location=Bankura |pages=1–51 |language=Bengali}}</ref><br />
*Anabasayaka kabayagrantha <ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Maliklal |title=Anabasayaka Kabayagrantha |publisher=Apratul |year=1947 |edition=1st |volume= |location=Bishnupur |pages=1–47 |language=Bengali}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Maniklal |title=Anabasayaka Kabayagrantha |publisher=Chattaranjan Dasgupta, Bangiya Sahitya Parisad |year=1982 |edition=2nd |location=Bishnupur |language=Bengali}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Novel===<br />
*Shalful<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Sinha |first=Maniklal |title=(PDF) শাল-ফুল {{!}} Shal-fhul {{!}} Maniklal Singha – মানিকলাল সিংহ |url=https://kitabpdf.com/textbook/30019/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-shal-fhul-maniklal-singha-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B9 |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=KiTabpdf |language=en-US |archive-date=6 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806052224/https://kitabpdf.com/textbook/30019/%e0%a6%b6%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b2-%e0%a6%ab%e0%a7%81%e0%a6%b2-shal-fhul-maniklal-singha-%e0%a6%ae%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%a8%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%95%e0%a6%b2%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b2-%e0%a6%b8%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%82%e0%a6%b9 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Drama===<br />
*Hammer<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Maniklal |title=Hammer |publisher=Bhim Chandra Mahindra |year=1948 |location=Howrah |pages=1–52 |language=Bengali, Hindi}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Little magazine===<br />
*Shilpi<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Maniklal |title=Shilpi |publisher=Bangiya Sahitya Parisad |year=1950–1952 |location=Bishnupur |language=Bengali}}</ref><br />
*Rarha Upabhasara Bhumika<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Maniklal |title=Rarh Upabhasar Bhumika |publisher=Vishwavani Magazine |volume=30}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Criticism book===<br />
*Adhunika bangla Sahitya<br />
<br />
===Books on Rarh Region===<br />
*Kasai Sabhyata<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Maniklal |title=Kansai Sabhyata |publisher=Bangiya Sahitya Parisad |year=1954 |pages=1–102 |language=Bengali}}</ref><br />
*Paschim Rarh Tatha Bankura Sanskrti<ref name=":4" /> <br />
*Rarher Jati o Kristi<ref name=":5" /><br />
*Subarnarekha Hoite Mayurakshi<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Maniklal |title=Subrnarekha Hoite Mayurakshi |publisher=Bangiya Sahitya Parisad |others=Published by Radhamohan Sinha |year=1988 |edition=3rd |location=Bishnupur |pages=1–175 |language=Bengali}}</ref><br />
*Rarher Mantrayan<ref name=":6" /><br />
*Jhumur songs of the West Bengal highlands<ref name=":10" /><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]]<br />
*[[Bishnupur High School (Bankura)|Bishnupr High School]]<br />
*[[List of Bengali-language authors (alphabetical)]]<br />
*[[List of Bengali-language authors (chronological)]]<br />
*[[Rarh region]]<br />
*[[Dihar]]<br />
*[[Chunaru]]<br />
*[[Bankura]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
<br />
*''Rediscovering Living Buddhism in Modern Bengal: Maniklal Singha's The Mantrayāna of Rārh (1979)'' : From the book Buddhism and Medicine: Mukharji Bihari Projit, https://doi.org/10.7312/salg18936-028<br />
*''Mallabhum Bishnupur'' – Chandara Manoranjan; Mitra & Ghosh Publishers Pvt Ltd, 10 Shyamacharan De Subreet, Kolkata 700 073, https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.265671/2015.265671.Mallabhum-Bishnupur_djvu.txt<br />
*''Late Mediaeval Temples of Bengal'' (Origins and Classifications Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, 1972) McCutchion David.<br />
*''Brick Temples of Bengal'': From the Archives of McCutchion, David. (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1983), his research collected, interpreted and published by George Michell.<br />
*''Smritir Nadite Manikratan'' (Dec 1999); Roy, Mohit. ''Ekabinsati'': Editor- Achintya Biswas.<br />
*''Puratattik Maniklal Singha'' (Dec 1999); Das, Mantu, ''Ekabinsati'': Editor- Achintya Biswas.<br />
*''Manabbidayar Ekjon Pathik Maniklal Singha'' (Dec 1999); Karan, Sudhir. ''Ekabinsati'': Editor- Achintya Biswas.<br />
*Why the Bishnupur Museum in Bankura is a must visit https://www.getbengal.com/details/why-the-bishnupur-museum-in-bankura-is-a-must-visit<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinha, Maniklal}}<br />
[[Category:1916 births]]<br />
[[Category:1994 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian archaeologists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian novelists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian historical novelists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]<br />
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]<br />
[[Category:People from Bankura district]]<br />
[[Category:Novelists from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Poets from West Bengal]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mithijhora&diff=517946Mithijhora2026-04-15T19:26:02Z<p>RenaldoParadis: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2023 Indian television series}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| image = Mithijhora ZB.jpg<br />
| genre = [[Drama]]<br>[[Romance film|Romance]]<br />
| creator = Organic Studios<br />
| based_on = <br />
| developer = <br />
| writer = '''Dialogues'''<br> Suparna Chakraborty<br />
| screenplay = Sarbari Ghosal<br />
| story = [[Leena Gangopadhyay]]<br />
| director = Joydeep Karmakar<br />
| creative_director = <br />
| starring = Aratrika Maity<br/>Suman Dey<br />
| open_theme = "Jane Mithijhora Sob Jane Mithijhora"<br />
| end_theme = "Ek Pyaar Ka Nagma hai- Moujon ki Rawani hai"...<br />
| theme_music_composer = <br />
| composer = Debojeet Ray<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Bengali<br />
| executive_producer = Paromita Sengupta<br>(Organinc Studios) <br> Paromita and Aditi <br> (Zee Bangla)<br />
| producer = Arka Ganguly<br />
| editor = Sampriti Chakraborty<br />
| cinematography = Parmatva Yadav<br />
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br />
| runtime = 23-46 Mins<br />
| company = Organic Studios<br />
| num_seasons = 1<br />
| num_episodes = 418<br />
| list_episodes = <br />
| first_aired = {{Start date|2023|11|27|df=y}}<br />
| last_aired = {{End date|2025|7|13|df=yes}}<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| network = [[Zee Bangla]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Mithijhora''''' was a 2023 Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[Romantic Drama]] television series that released on 27 November 2023 on [[Zee Bangla]] and went Off air on 13 July 2025. The series was produced under the banner of Organic Studios. It starred [[Aratrika Maity]] and Suman Dey in lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiantvinfo.com/mithi-jhora-serial-zee-bangla/|title=Mithi Jhora Serial Launch Date, Telecast Time, Online Streaming App – Aratrika Maity as Rai in Lead Star Cast|website=Indian Television }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/tv-news/zee-bangla-upcoming-serial-mithijhora-to-be-aired-from-27-november-will-be-seen-aratrika-maity-debadrita-basu-and-swapnila-chakraborty-seen-aratrika-maity-debadrita-basu-and-swapnila-chakraborty/articleshow/105258244.cms|title=এক সিরিয়ালে তিন রত্ন, আরাত্রিকা-দেবাদৃতা-স্বপ্নীলার নতুন কাহিনি 'মিঠিঝোরা', জেনে নিন দিনক্ষণ |website=Eisamay}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/story/upcoming-new-serial-mithijhora-what-time-aired-will-be-seen-three-tevision-actress-together-in-one-serial-mithijhora-serial-kobe-theke-shuru-television-news-sum-712934-2023-11-18|title=একই সিরিয়ালে ৩ টেলি নায়িকা, কবে থেকে শুরু? জানুন দিনক্ষণ|website=Aajtak Bangla}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eisamay.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/zee-bangla-upcoming-serial-mithijhora-is-a-story-of-sisterhood-aratrika-maity-debadrita-basu-and-swapnila-chakraborty-in-lead-role/photoshow/105444223.cms|title=Mithijhora : মিতুলের পাঠ চুকিয়ে এবার কাঁধে বোনদের দায়িত্ব! 'মিঠিঝোরা' নিয়ে আসছেন আরাত্রিকা-দেবাদৃতা-স্বপ্নীলা|website=Eisamay}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/mithijhora-promo-zee-bangla-to-launch-new-show-starring-aratika-maity-debadrita-basu-31700125839361.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225030031/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/mithijhora-promo-zee-bangla-to-launch-new-show-starring-aratika-maity-debadrita-basu-31700125839361.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 December 2023|title=Mithijhora Promo: হবু বরের সঙ্গে বোনের বিয়ে দেবে আরাত্রিকা! দিদির স্বার্থত্যাগের গল্প নিয়ে আসছে 'মিঠিঝোরা'|website=Bangla Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.editorji.com/bengali/entertainment-news/new-tele-serial-mithijhora-will-telecast-from-27th-november-1700212750566|title=জি বাংলার পর্দায় আরাত্রিকার কামব্যাক, তিন বোনের গল্প বলবে 'মিঠিঝোরা'|website=Editorji}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.editorji.com/bengali/entertainment-news/tele-serial-mithijhora-will-telecast-from-27th-november-on-zee-bangla-1700830744356|title=পারিবারিক প্রেক্ষাপট, তিন বোনের গল্প, স্বার্থত্যাগের কাহিনি বলবে ধারাবাহিক 'মিঠিঝোরা'|website=Editorji}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-48-jagaddhatri-fixed-its-position-in-number-1-phulki-grabs-number-2-beating-neem-phooler-madhu-31701930760672.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221071511/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-48-jagaddhatri-fixed-its-position-in-number-1-phulki-grabs-number-2-beating-neem-phooler-madhu-31701930760672.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 December 2023|title=মিঠিঝোরা আসায় কি স্লট হারাল অনুরাগের ছোঁয়া? জগদ্ধাত্রী সেরা, টিআরপি-র হিসেব বদলাল ফুলকি|website=Bangla Hindustan Times}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Raipurna, Nilanjana and Srotoswini are three sisters. They love each other from deep of their heart. They have an elder brother Vikram who is physically impaired. So, their only job holder is their father, Kingshuk. Raipurna loves Sourya. So, they would get married. But on the day of their marriage Kingshuk dies. In these circumstances, to take the responsibility of her family, she gets Nilanjana and Sourya married without their knowledge. As a result, everyone misunderstands Raipurna.<br />
<br />
Nilanjana or Nilu and Sourya go through many obstacles and insults and humiliation from her In-laws due to the fact that Raipurna or Rai was supposed to wed Sourya.<br />
But eventually everything becomes normal again and Nilu is pregnant with Surjyo's child. On the other hand, Srotaswini or Srot gets loggerheads with her professor at her Medical University, SS or Sarthak Sir.<br />
<br />
As Rai is now the only Earning Member in her family, She takes on a job as a Secretary of a company.But due to many reasons and circumstances,She had to make food and go to her Boss's house to make her boss, Mr. Anirban Sen food to keep her job despite not being fully qualified. Rai's family and Rai had many arguments regarding Rai going to her boss' house to make food for him to keep her job. Rai then gets framed in a Lawsuit for supposedly "stealing" 23 lac from Anirban's Office. But soon Police figure out that Rai was being framed by Anirban's Friend. Soon the Police arrest him and Anirban fires him but he threatens that he will one day come back and destroy Anirban's life.<br />
<br />
Anirban apologises to Rai in front of the entire office to Rai. Rai relentlessly forgives him and leaves. Anirban remembers that Rai left an envelope on his office table and instructed him to not open it till she leaves. After Rai leaves after Anirban gave her paid leave. Anirban opens the Envelope and learns that Rai didn't leave for a day but forever as she sent a Resignation Letter in that said envelope. Anirban goes to Rai's house to try and convince her to withdraw her Resignation Letter. But he is met with her mother and Paralysed Brother Vikram who behave badly with him for making Rai make food for him and for coming to her house.nilu Or nilanjanona's fake pregnancy plan gets revealed and she is sent away to her maternal house. In parallel Srotoswini and her professor<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
===Main===<br />
* Aratrika Maity as Raipurna Sen (née Mukherjee) aka Rai (aka Anamika): A caring, responsible daughter of a middle class family; Nilu and Srot's elder sister; Anirban's wife; Billi's Mother.<br />
* Suman Dey as Anirban Sen aka Ani aka Kutti: Rai's boss and love interest turned husband.<br />
* [[Debadrita Basu]] as Nilanjana Bhushan formerly Nilanjana Roy (née Mukherjee) aka Nilu (Positive to Antagonist to Positive): Rai and Vikram's younger sister and Srot's elder sister, Shourya's ex-wife, Kranti's wife.<br />
* Mainak Banerjee as Kranti Bhushan: A vigilant dacoit like Robinhood; Nilu's second husband.<br />
* Saptarshi Roy as Shourya Roy (Former Male Lead turned Supporting Character): Rai's ex-lover and Nilu's ex-husband.<br />
* Mainak Dhol as Dr. Sarthak Sengupta aka SS: An angry young man, Srot's college lecturer and later husband. <br />
* Swapnila Chakraborty as Srotoswini Sengupta (née Mukherjee) aka Srot: Rai, Nilu and Vikram's younger sister<br />
<br />
===Recurring===<br />
* Poushmita Goswami as Nandita Mukherjee: Kingshuk's widow; Rai, Nilu, Srot and Vikram's mother.<br />
* Debasish Roy Chowdhury as Late Kingshuk Mukherjee: Rai, Nilu, Srot and Vikram's father <br />
* Jayati Chakraborty as Antara Mukherjee: Kingshuk's sister; Nandita's sister-in-law; Rai, Nilu, Srot and Vikram's paternal aunt<br />
* Aniruddha Gupta / Sutirtha Saha as Vikram Mukherjee: A physically disabled person (later recovers through surgery); Rai, Nilu and Srot's elder brother<br />
* Puja Banik as Mishti Mukherjee: Vikram's wife; Rai, Nilu and Srot's elder sister-in-law<br />
* [[Tramila Bhattacharya]] as Suchismita Roy: Tiklu, Sourya and Tiya's mother<br />
* Saptarshi Ray as Avinash Roy: Tiklu, Shourya and Tiya's father<br />
* Sanmitra Bhaumik as Tiklu Roy: Shourya's elder brother<br />
* Riya Ganguly as Madhura Roy aka Dora: Tiklu's wife. She always bullies and belittles Nilu. Dora had framed Nilu for deliberately making her father-in-law sick by giving him the wrong medicine. But this truth has not been proven to anyone: neither Shourya's family nor Rai's family. Nor did Dora get any punishment or lesson from her act.<br />
* Barninee Chakrabarty as Tiya Roy: Tiklu and Shourya's youngest sister<br />
* Kunal Banerjee as Shourya's friend <br />
* Aritra Goswami as Rahul: Shourya's friend <br />
* Arnab Chowdhury as Raj: Nilu's ex-lover<br />
* Esha Bhattacharjee as Dora's mother<br />
* Krishnakishore Mukherjee / Biplab Dasgupta as Dr. Ujjwal Pranotosh Sengupta: A respected veteran doctor, Sarthak's father and Ayesha's maternal uncle. He is like a father figure to Srot and later becomes her father-in-law through Srot and Sarthak's marriage. Krishnakishore later came back.<br />
* Rajiv Bose as Sudipto Chatterjee (Antagonist): Anirban's friend and business partner<br />
* Shweta Chaudhuri as Shormi Bose: Anirban's cousin sister; Rai's sister-in-law and friend.<br />
* [[Sourav Das (actor)|Sourav Das]] as Mandar Bose: Anirban's cousin brother-in-law; Shormi's husband.<br />
* Shyamashis Pahari as Ayesha's father<br />
* Poonam Basak as Ayesha: Sarthak's paternal cousin sister and Srot's friend.<br />
* Rajashree Bhowmik as Sohini Sen: Anirban's mother; she is snooty, egoistic, arrogant and is too prideful of being rich and high class. She loathes Rai and her family. She is unable to accept Rai as Anirban's wife and their daughter-in-law and constantly harasses her mentally and emotionally. <br />
* Sanjay Basu as Prosenjit Sen: Anirban's father; initially he dislikes Rai just like Sohini, but later develops empathy towards her.<br />
* [[Anamika Chakraborty]] as Koyel (Antagonist): Anirban's ex-wife; Rai's rival (arrested).<br />
* Chhandak Choudhury as Anjan: Rai's rescuer.<br />
* Sukanya Basu as Isha: Anjan's wife; Rai's rescuer and friend.<br />
* Gautam Shiddartha as Ranjan: Anjan's brother<br />
* Madhumita Roy as Geeta: Ranjan's wife; Rai's friend.<br />
* Soumi Paul as Mondira: Kranti's assistant.<br />
* Debaparna Chakraborty Paul Chowdhury as Simran: Anirban's childhood friend and Rai's confidante; Initially Rai misunderstands her to be Anirban's secret girlfriend, behaves subtly rudely with her but later Rai understands her mistake and apologises to her and becomes her friend and shares her feelings with her.<br />
* [[Ayendri Lavnia Roy]] as Dr. Oindrila Chakraborty: A psychologist, she recovers Rai.<br />
* Mouli Bose Sarkar as Dr. Atreyee, Srot's friend.<br />
* Swarnali Pandey<br />
* Oeindrila Sengupta<br />
* Tamal Bag<br />
* Shuvam Banerjee <br />
* Shivam Bakshi<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Zee Bangla}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Bengali-language television programming in India]]<br />
[[Category:Zee Bangla original programming]]<br />
[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]<br />
[[Category:Television shows set in Kolkata]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ougri&diff=523228Ougri2026-04-04T17:05:20Z<p>RenaldoParadis: Creating</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br />
'''Ougri Hangel''' or '''Ougri Hangen''' is a [[Meitei culture|Meitei cultural]] ritual song and dance. It is part of the [[Meitei folklore]] and related to the mythology of creation in Meitei culture. It is often sung in the conclusion of the [[Lai Haraoba]] festival. It is performed by a group of performers forming a circle, which is never to be snapped till the end of the ritual. The performers repeat an alteration of few lines.<br />
<br />
== Mythology ==<br />
As per [[Meitei culture]], the origin of the dance can be traced to the [[creation myth]] of the universe.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cutjAAAAMAAJ |title=Fifth North Eastern Literary Conference |year=1994 |publisher=[[University of Michigan]] |page=39}}</ref><ref name="NEIHA">{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljZuAAAAMAAJ |title=Proceedings of North East India History Association |publisher=North East India History Association |year=1995 |page=95}}</ref> [[Sanamahi]] and [[Pakhangba]] (also identified as Kuptreng and Sentreng) were the sons of the creator of the universe [[Sidaba Mapu]] (Salailel) and his consort [[Leimarel Sidabi]].{{sfn|Parratt|1980|p=11-12}} Sidaba Mapu gave his two sons a task to determine his successor. He announced that whoever completed a [[circumambulation]] of the world first would inherit his throne.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=35}} While Sanamahi went out to complete the task, Leimarel Sidabi advised her younger son to go around the throne of Sidaba Mapu seven times, to which he complied. He returned to Sidaba Mapu, who asked him as to whether he had completed the task. Pakhangba narrated his mother's advice, which was accepted by Sidaba Mapu as going around the throne of the creator would be equal to going around the world.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=35}}<br />
<br />
Pakhangba inherited the throne from his father without much effort. When Sanamahi returned to the starting point at Lamdaipung after going around the world, he was furious that Pakhangba took the throne easily. Sanamahi got ready to fight with his brother for the throne.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=36}} Fearing his brother, Pakhangba sought the help of the 12 [[nymph]]s created by Sidaba Mapu. The nymphs took him under their protection, and encircled him. While encircling him, they began dancing in a circular fashion chanting in chorus:{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=36}}<br />
<br />
{{blockquote|text=<br />
{{lang|mni|Kekrek Ket Mo Mo Yangoi <br> Syamba Syao Syao}} }}<br />
{{blockquote|text=<br />
{{lang|en|Woe to traveller! Your voice is harsh! <br> Peace! Peace! Peace!}} }}<br />
<br />
Thus, Pakhangba was hidden from Sanamahi. This practice gave rise to Ougri.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=36}} When Sanamahi intended to destroy the world in anger, Sidaba Mapu pacified him. He proclaimed that the brothers would rule alternatively for 12 months at a time. While one of the brothers occupied the throne, the other went with his mother Leimarel Sidabi to visit the [[Meitei people|Meitei]] households.{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=36-37}}<br />
<br />
According to the manuscript ''Laisra Pham'', a treatise on administration and social conduct, Ougri is referred to as being sung at the coronation of [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]] in 33&nbsp;CE.{{sfn|Ahluwalia|1994|p=53}}{{sfn|Minahan|2012|p=242}}<ref name="Pao">{{cite web|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Arts_and_Culture.Manipuri_Literature_in_History.Manipuri_Literature_in_History_2|title=Manipuri Literature in History|work=E-pao|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> Pakhangba is considered to be the [[List of Meitei kings|Meitei monarch]] and founder of Manipur.{{sfn|Sanajaoba|1988|p=4}}{{sfn|Arambam|Sanatomba|2015|p=231-232}} ''Naothingkhong Phambal Kaba'' mentions it as being an important part of the [[Meitei folklore|Meitei lore]],<ref name="Pao"/> and supposedly taught by the king [[Naothingkhong]] to the prince, which according to the chronicle [[Cheitharol Kumbaba]], took place just prior to 663&nbsp;CE.{{sfn|Ahluwalia|1994|p=54}}<br />
<br />
== Practice ==<br />
An equal number of men or women perform the ritual.{{sfn|Nganbi|2014|p=47}} They form a circle and hold a rope tied with bells at its ends.{{sfn|Nganbi|2014|p=47}} The performers step in and out of the circle in an arrangement.{{sfn|Singh|1996|p=15}} The male singers recite traditional ritual songs in chorus.{{sfn|Singh|1996|p=16}}{{sfn|Tensuba|1993|p=154}} These songs are composed to be sang on specific tune and arrangement, and handed down across generations.{{sfn|Singh|1996|p=16}} The lines of the first part of the song comprise six syllables each and those in the second part comprise eight syllables.<ref name="Pao"/> The ritual is performed in the presence of a [[maibi]], who sings a lengthy song during the performance.{{sfn|Gopal|2003|p=350}}{{sfn|Tensuba|1993|p=154}} The song begins with ''Ougri kollo'' meaning "gather in the rope" instructing the performers to hold the rope firmly with feet in position in the circle.{{sfn|Parratt|1997|p=27}} The performers should never break the chain or snap out of the circle.{{sfn|Gopal|2003|p=350}}{{sfn|Tensuba|1993|p=154}} The chant is believed to invoke incantatory powers,{{sfn|Kirti|1998|p=62}} and breaking the circle or altering the lines is believed to bring bad luck to the people and the village.{{sfn|Gopal|2003|p=350}}{{sfn|Ahluwalia|1994|p=53}}<br />
<br />
== Occasion ==<br />
The ritual is usually performed during the [[Lai Haraoba]] festival.<br />
<ref name="NEIHA"/>{{sfn|Nganbi|2014|p=47}}{{sfn|Gopal|2003|p=350}} The ritual is performed to ensure the welfare of the people and to bring [[prosperity]].{{sfn|Nganbi|2014|p=47}} It is also regarded as the song of [[thanksgiving]] to the almighty god Sidaba Mapu.{{sfn|Parratt|1997|p=28}} The ritual is usually followed by other practices which all relate to the mythology of creation the universe and other beings in [[Meitei culture]].{{sfn|Nganbi|2014|p=47}} In the past, rulers performed the ritual by themselves singing it with an accompanying dance on occasion of new conquests or coronation.{{sfn|Kabui|2004|p=64}} It was also performed as a war songs earlier.{{sfn|1988|Lungharnao|Shimmi|p=113}} <br />
<br />
== Areas of practice ==<br />
According to the [[Meitei language|Meitei]] text ''Leithak Leikharole'', Ougri Hangel is considered as the traditional dance of [[Manipur]].{{sfn|Banerji|1959|p=35}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
=== Bibliography ===<br />
* {{cite book |last=Ahluwalia |first=B.K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R7siAAAAMAAJ |title=Social Change in Manipur |publisher=Cultural Publishing House |year=1984 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Bahadur |first=Mutua |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CoEtAAAAMAAJ |title=Jewelleries of Manipur |publisher=Mutua Museum |year=1988 }}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Banerji|first=Projesh|url=https://archive.org/details/FolkDanceOfIndia/page/n24/mode/1up|title=The Folk-Dance of India|date=1959|publisher=Kitabistan|location=[[Allahabad]]}}<br />
* {{cite journal|last=Chanu|first=Nganbi|url=https://www.jneis.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/4.1.5.pdf|title=Ritual Festival for Appeasing Ancestral Gods: A Study of Kanglei Lai-haraoba Festival of Manipur|volume=4|issue=1|year=2014|journal=Journal of North Eastern Studies|pages=43-54}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Gopal |first=Krishna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JQjgAAAAMAAJ |title=Fairs and Festivals of India: Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |year=2003 |isbn=978-8-12120-812-3}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Kabui |first=Gangmumei |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6pf_muabVNIC |title=The History of the Zeliangrong Nagas: From Makhel to Rani Gaidinliu |publisher=Spectrum Publications |year=2004 |isbn=978-8-18750-276-0}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Kirti |first=Moirangthem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LVpuAAAAMAAJ |title=Recent Researches in Oriental Indological Studies: Including Meiteilogy |publisher=Parimal Publications |year=1998 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Lungharnao |first1=Yanao |first2=Roland |last2=Shimmi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CBuAAAAMAAJ |title=Comparative History of the Nagas, from Ancient Period Till 1826 |publisher=Inter-India Publications |year=1988 |isbn=978-8-12100-210-3}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Minahan |first=James B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOQkpcVcd9AC&dq=nongda+lairen+pakhangba&pg=PT242 |title=Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia |year=2012 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=978-1-59884-660-7 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Noni |first1=Arambam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OzjbCgAAQBAJ|title=Colonialism and Resistance: Society and State in Manipur |last2=Sanatomba |first2=Kangujam |year=2015 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-31727-066-9 }}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Parratt|first=Saroj Nalini|title=The Religion of Manipur: Beliefs, Rituals, and Historical Development|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.108375/page/11/mode/2up|publisher=Firma KLM|year=1980|isbn=978-0-83640-594-1}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Parratt |first=Saroj Nalini |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COCBAAAAMAAJ |title=The Pleasing of the Gods: Meitei Lai Haraoba |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |year=1997 |isbn=978-8-12590-416-8}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Sanajaoba |first=Naorem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC |title=Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization |date=1988 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-853-2 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Ch Manihar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yiBkAAAAMAAJ |title=A History of Manipuri Literature |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-8-12600-086-9}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Tensuba |first=Keerti Chand |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GmZuAAAAMAAJ |title=Genesis of Indian Tribes: An Approach to the History of Meiteis and Thais |publisher=Inter-India Publications |year=1993 |isbn=978-81-210-0308-7}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Meitei literature]]<br />
[[Category:Meitei music]]<br />
[[Category:Sanamahism]]<br />
<br />
{{Dance in India}}</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Museum&diff=504105Indian Museum2026-04-04T06:51:32Z<p>RenaldoParadis: Starting Initial Stub With Sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Museum in Kolkata, West Bengal, India, Asia}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=March 2016}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox museum<br />
| name = Indian Museum<br />
| logo = <br />
| image = Indian Museum, Courtyard, Kolkata, India.jpg<br />
| image_upright = 1.15<br />
| caption = The courtyard of the Indian Museum<br />
| map_type = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|22|33|29|N|88|21|03|E|region:IN-WB_type:landmark_museum:kolossus-frwiki|display=inline,title}}<br />
| former_name = <br />
| established = {{Start date and age|1814|2|2|df=yes}}<br />
| location = 27, [[Chowringhee Road]], [[Park Street, Kolkata|Park Street]], Kolkata - 700016<br />
| type = [[Museum]]<br />
| collection = 2.5 million<br />
| visitors = <br />
| director = Dr. Sayan Bhattacharya<br />
| curator = <br />
| publictransit = {{ric|Kolkata Metro|blue}} {{ric|Kolkata Metro|purple}} '''[[Park Street metro station (Kolkata)|Park Street]]'''<br />
| website = {{Official URL}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<span lang="Bn" dir="ltr">The</span> '''Indian Museum''' (formerly called '''Imperial Museum of Calcutta''')<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200203163802/https://www.travelpraise.com/indian-museum/ Indian Museum information and experience, Kolkata]}}, Ministry of Culture, Government of India</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianmuseumkolkata.org/|title=Home {{!}} Indian Museum Kolkata|website=indianmuseumkolkata.org|access-date=2019-10-22|archive-date=20 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171220084010/http://indianmuseumkolkata.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> is a grand museum in Central [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India. It is the ninth oldest museum in the world and the [[List of museums in India|oldest, as well as the largest museum in Asia, by size of collection]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fabhotels.com/blog/indian-museum-kolkata/|title=Indian Museum, Kolkata: Information, History, Timings, Entry Fee, Facts|date=2019-06-20|website=FabHotels Travel Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-17|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929012436/https://www.fabhotels.com/blog/indian-museum-kolkata/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ixigo.com/indian-museum-kolkata-india-location-address-situated-map-ne-1274422|title=indian museum address - ixigo trip planner!|website=www.ixigo.com|access-date=2020-04-17|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629025117/https://www.ixigo.com/indian-museum-kolkata-india-location-address-situated-map-ne-1274422|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theheritagelab.in/indian-museum-kolkata-history-indian-sculpture/|title=Indian Museum, Kolkata: A History of Indian Sculpture|date=2016-12-01|website=The Heritage Lab|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-17|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216095319/http://www.theheritagelab.in/indian-museum-kolkata-history-indian-sculpture/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://museumsofindia.gov.in/repository/museum/im_kol|title=National Portal and Digital Repository|website=museumsofindia.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2020-04-17|archive-date=25 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525110339/http://museumsofindia.gov.in/repository/museum/im_kol|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianmuseumkolkata.org/informations/MQ==/history-of-indian-museum|title=History Of The Museum {{!}} Indian Museum Kolkata|website=indianmuseumkolkata.org|access-date=2020-04-17|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507014745/https://indianmuseumkolkata.org/informations/MQ%3D%3D/history-of-indian-museum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/kolkata-calcutta/attractions/indian-museum/a/poi-sig/410830/356356|title=Indian Museum {{!}} Kolkata (Calcutta), India Attractions|website=Lonely Planet|language=en|access-date=2020-04-17|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204843/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/kolkata-calcutta/attractions/indian-museum/a/poi-sig/410830/356356|url-status=live}}</ref> It has rare collections of antiques, armour and ornaments, fossils, skeletons, mummies and [[Mughal painting]]s. It was founded by the [[Asiatic Society|Asiatic Society of Bengal]] in [[Kolkata]] (Calcutta), [[India]], in 1814. The founder curator was [[Nathaniel Wallich]], a [[Denmark|Danish]] botanist.<br />
<br />
It has six sections comprising thirty five galleries of cultural and scientific artifacts namely [[Indian art]], [[archaeology]], [[anthropology]], [[geology]], [[zoology]] and [[economic botany]]. Many rare and unique specimens, both Indian and trans-Indian, relating to humanities and natural sciences, are preserved and displayed in the galleries of these sections. In particular the art and archaeology sections hold collections of international importance.<br />
<br />
It is an autonomous organization under the [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]], [[Government of India]]. The present Director of the Indian Museum is Dr. Sayan Bhattacharya, the youngest-ever to head the centuries-old museum.<ref>[https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/kolkata/sayan-bhattacharya-youngest-director-takes-charge-at-indian-museum-kolkata-prnt/cid/2149067 Sayan Bhattacharya becomes youngest director to head Indian Museum] The Telegraph</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The Indian Museum originated from the [[Asiatic Society]] of Bengal which was created by Sir [[William Jones (philologist)|William Jones]] in 1784. The concept of having a museum arose in 1796 from members of the Asiatic Society as a place where man-made and natural objects collected could be kept, cared for and displayed.<br />
<br />
The objective began to look achievable in 1808 when the Society was offered suitable accommodation by the Government of India in the Chowringhee-Park Street area.<ref name="History">{{cite web | title = History of Indian Museum | work = Website of the Indian Museum | publisher = Ministry of Culture, Government of India | year = 2012 | url = http://www.indianmuseumkolkata.org/history.php | access-date = 20 January 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121224102833/http://www.indianmuseumkolkata.org/history.php | archive-date = 24 December 2012 | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
On 2 February 1814, [[Nathaniel Wallich]], a [[Denmark|Danish]] botanist, who had been captured in the siege of Serampore but later released, wrote to the council of the Asiatic Society for the formation of a museum out of his own collection and that of the Asiatic Society in Calcutta, volunteering his service as a Curator wherein he proposed five sections—an archaeological, ethnological, a technical section and a geological and zoological one.<ref name="MoreHistory">{{cite web | title = History of Indian Museum (second page) | work = Website of the Indian Museum | publisher = Ministry of Culture, Government of India | year = 2012 | url = http://www.indianmuseumkolkata.org/history-more.php | access-date = 20 January 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120615115836/http://www.indianmuseumkolkata.org/history-more.php | archive-date = 15 June 2012 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The council readily agreed and the Museum was created, with Wallich named the Honorary Curator and then Superintendent of the Oriental Museum of the [[Asiatic Society]]. Wallich also donated a number of botanical specimens to the museum from his personal collection. In 1815, Mr William Lloyd Gibbons, Asst Secretary and Librarian, was appointed Joint Secretary of the Museum.<br />
[[File:The Museum, Chowringhee.jpg|thumb|left|The Indian Museum, as completed in 1875, photo {{Circa|1905}}]]<br />
<br />
After the resignation of Wallich, curators were paid salaries by the Asiatic Society ranging from Rs 50 to Rs 200 a month. However, in 1836, when the bankers of the Asiatic Society (Palmer and Company) became insolvent, the Government began to pay the salary of the Curator from its public funds since a large part of the collection was that of the surveyors of Survey of India.<br />
<br />
A temporary grant of Rs 200 per month was sanctioned for maintenance of the museum and library, and J. T. Pearson of the Bengal Medical Service was appointed curator, followed shortly by [[John McClelland (doctor)|John McClelland]] and, after the former's resignation, by [[Edward Blyth]].<br />
<br />
In 1840, the Government took a keen interest in [[geology]] and mineral resources, and this led to an additional grant of Rs 250 per month for the geological section alone. In 1851 when the Geological Survey of India came into being with the advent of Sir Thomas Oldham, a rented building at 1, Hastings Road now K N Roy Road, the present site of the New Secretariat became its office. The geological collection of the Government of India 'Museum of Economic Geology' at the Asiatic Society, were then transferred to this site in 1856. The Asiatic Society geological collection were however held back with the condition that it would be handed over to the GSI once a Museum for all its collection came into being. It was way back in 1837 that Sir James Princeps, then-Secretary of the Asiatic Society, had written to the Government asking for a Museum paid for by the state. A movement for a full-fledged Museum was thereafter keenly pursued over a decade, and later, with Sir Thomas Oldham, then Superintendent of the Geological Survey of India, at the helm, it gained momentum.<br />
[[File:East Gateway and Railings Bharhut Stupa.jpg|thumb|The [[torana]] and railings (part) from the [[Bharhut]] Stupa, before 75 BC]]<br />
<br />
The thrust for a full-fledged Museum was held up due to the intervention of the revolt of the sepoys of the East India Company. The matter was pursued again, once things settled down after India came under the Crown.<br />
<br />
Thereafter the First Indian Museum Act was passed in 1866 and the foundation of the Indian Museum at its present site laid in 1867.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nair |first=Savithri Preetha |date=2006 |title=Science and the politics of colonial collecting: the case of Indian meteorites, 1856–70 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-for-the-history-of-science/article/abs/science-and-the-politics-of-colonial-collecting-the-case-of-indian-meteorites-185670/080CF713A92BCEC0BF7E54B4CA38A930 |journal=The British Journal for the History of Science |language=en |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=97–119 |doi=10.1017/S0007087405007624 |issn=1474-001X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In 1875 the present building on Chowringee Road, presently Jawaharlal Nehru Road, designed by W L Granville in consultation with Sir Thomas Holland, on Chowringee was completed. In 1877 after the retirement of Sir Thomas Oldham in 1876 the Geological Survey of India including the Museum of Economic Geology shifted here from its rented accommodation on 1 Hastings Road.<br />
[[File:Stone sculpture of Devi Durga 30 Jan 2018.jpg|thumb|Stone sculpture of Devi [[Durga]]]]<br />
<br />
This building had been designated as the site for not just the Asiatic Societies, Oriental Museum's collection and the Economic Geology collection of the Geological Survey of India but also to hold the offices of both.<br />
<br />
The Asiatic Society however relinquished its rights preferring to maintain its autonomy from the government. The Geological Survey of India is till date headquartered at the buildings of the Indian Museum Complex and holds exclusive rights over the Geological galleries of the Indian Museum.<br />
<br />
The building parallel to Sudder Street commenced in 1888 and occupied in 1891. The next building block at right angle to Sudder Street was erected in 1894. Half of this building was consigned to the Geological Survey of India but by 1912 it was wholly transferred to it.<br />
<br />
The Zoological and Anthropological sections of the museum gave rise to the [[Zoological Survey of India]] in 1916, which in turn gave rise to the [[Anthropological Survey of India]] in 1945.<ref name="Weber">{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/app-k/textk.htm <br />
|title=Appendix K: The Anthropological Survey of India (The Andamanese by George Weber) <br />
|date=10 September 2005 <br />
|url-status=dead <br />
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525004432/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/app-k/textk.htm <br />
|archive-date=25 May 2006 <br />
|df=dmy-all <br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Scottish anatomist and zoologist [[John Anderson (zoologist)|John Anderson]] took up the position of curator in 1865, and catalogued the mammal and archaeology collections. The English zoologist [[James Wood-Mason]] worked at the museum from 1869 and succeeded Anderson as curator in 1887.<ref>{{cite book|author=Smith MA|author-link=Malcolm Arthur Smith|year=1931|title=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. I.— Loricata, Testudines|publisher=Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xxviii + 185 pp. + Plates I-II|place=London|url=https://archive.org/stream/FBISmithReptiles1/SmithReptilia1#page/n36/mode/1up}} ("Anderson, Dr. John, F.R.S., 1833–1900", p. 10).</ref><br />
<br />
The museum was closed to visitors for restoration and upgrades from September 2013 to February 2014.<ref>"::: Indian Museum :::." ::: Indian Museum :::. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 December 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AIndian_Museum_Under_Renovation_-_Kolkata_2013-10-10_3242.JPG |title=File:Indian Museum Under Renovation - Kolkata 2013-10-10 3242.JPG - Wikimedia Commons |access-date=8 December 2013 |archive-date=27 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127004951/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AIndian_Museum_Under_Renovation_-_Kolkata_2013-10-10_3242.JPG |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Collections==<br />
[[File:Egyptian Human Mummy - Egyptian Gallery - Indian Museum - Kolkata 2014-02-14 3291.JPG|thumb|Egyptian human mummy, about 4,000 years old, at the museum.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/mummy-at-indian-museum-moderately-stable-says-expert/article28984844.ece/|title=4000-year-old mummy at Indian Museum in Kolkata moderately stable, says expert|website=The Times of India|access-date=28 September 2021|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928075356/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/mummy-at-indian-museum-moderately-stable-says-expert/article28984844.ece/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref>]]<br />
<br />
=== Egyptian ===<br />
It currently occupies a resplendent mansion, and exhibits among others: an [[Egypt]]ian mummy. The mummy gallery is being currently restored.<ref>{{cite book|title = Britannica encyclopedia |publisher=[[Tata Mcgraw Hill]]|date= March 2002}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mashable.com/2016/12/26/egyptian-mummy-restored-india/#ktPINc.FTsq4|title=4,000-year-old Egyptian mummy to get a face-lift|last=Mitter|first=Sohini|work=Mashable|access-date=2018-10-21|language=en|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022033715/https://mashable.com/2016/12/26/egyptian-mummy-restored-india/#ktPINc.FTsq4|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/know/wrapped-for-another-day-or-millennium/article21921464.ece|title=Wrapped for another day... or millennium|date=10 March 2017|newspaper=The Hindu Business Line|first=Anuradha|last=Sengupta|access-date=22 October 2019|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202347/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/know/wrapped-for-another-day-or-millennium/article21921464.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Indian ===<br />
The large collection of ancient and medieval Indian artifacts include the complete railings and gateways of the [[Buddhist]] [[stupa]] from [[Bharhut]] (the bare stupa is still at Bharhut, near [[Satna]], MP). The Bharhut panels are unique in that they are inscribed in the [[Brahmi script]]. The museum has a collection of the remains of the slightly later [[Amaravati Stupa]]. There is a large and representative collection of Buddhist and Hindu sculptures of the medieval period, especially those from Bengal, [[Bihar]], and [[Odisha]].<br />
<br />
Also preserved are [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]]'s relics, a copy of the [[Lion Capital of Ashoka]] from an [[Ashoka pillar]] (original in the [[Sarnath Museum]]) whose four-lion symbol became the official emblem of the [[Republic of India]], fossil skeletons of [[prehistoric]] animals, an art collection, rare antiques, and a collection of [[meteorites]].<br />
<br />
The Indian Museum is also regarded as "the beginning of a significant epoch initiating the socio-cultural and scientific achievements of the country. It is otherwise considered as the beginning of the modernity and the end of medieval era".<ref>[https://indianmuseumkolkata.org/history-of-the-museum/ Museum history page]</ref><br />
<br />
=== Natural history ===<br />
[[File:Ferdinand_Stoliczka_Bust_at_Indian_Museum.jpg|thumb|alt=Bust of the Moravian - Indian paleontologist [[Ferdinand Stoliczka]] in the paleontology section|Bust of the Moravian – Indian paleontologist [[Ferdinand Stoliczka]] in the paleontology section]]<br />
<br />
The museum has four galleries dedicated to natural history, namely the botanical, insect, mammal and bird galleries featuring a large number of taxidermied specimens as well as skeletons. There are also two fossil galleries, one featuring vertebrate fossils from the Shiwalik region, the other featuring mostly invertebrate fossils along with some marine reptile fossils and the egg of a sauropod dinosaur.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/indian-museum-offers-feast-to-fans-of-natural-history/article23828237.ece|title=Indian Museum offers feast to fans of natural history|date=2018-05-09|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-10-28|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808184801/https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/indian-museum-offers-feast-to-fans-of-natural-history/article23828237.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Administration==<br />
Administrative control of the Cultural sections, viz. Art, Archaeology and Anthropology rests with the Board of Trustees under its Directorate, and that of the three other science sections is with the geological survey of India, the zoological survey of India and the Botanical survey of India. The museum Directorate has eight co-ordinating service units: Education, preservation, publication, presentation, photography, medical, modelling and library. This multipurpose institution with multidisciplinary activities is being included as an [[Institute of national importance]] in the seventh schedule of the [[Constitution of India]].<ref>Government of India, Ministry of Culture, ''ANNUAL REPORT 2008-09'' p. 27</ref><br />
<br />
== Museum gallery ==<br />
<gallery><br />
<br />
Image:Elephant_specimen_kol.jpg|Elephant skeleton<br />
File:Indian Museum, Kolkata, India.jpg|Gallery<br />
File:Indian Museum, Bottles, Kolkata, India.jpg|Jars<br />
Image:Musty_showcases_kol.jpg|Showcases with different types of fossils<br />
File:Buddha Preaching in Tushita Heaven. Amaravati, Satavahana period, 2d century AD. Indian Museum, Calcutta.jpg|''Buddha Preaching in Tushita Heaven'', [[Amaravati Stupa]], [[Satavahana]] period, 2d century AD<br />
Image:Sphinix at Indian Museam, Kolkatta.jpg|Egyptian Exhibit<br />
Image:Indian Museum Kolkata 1465.jpg|Stone imprint of Buddha's foot<br />
Image:Indian Museum Kolkata 1496.jpg|Buddha<br />
Image:Palaeoloxodon namadicus.JPG|''[[Palaeoloxodon namadicus]]'', extinct elephant<br />
Image:Indus civilisation seal unicorn at Indian Museum, Kolkata.jpg|Unicorn seal of Indus Valley<br />
Image:Ashok Stambha at Indian Museum, Kolkata.jpg|Copy of the [[Lion Capital of Ashoka]]<br />
Image:Skull of Indus Valley inhabitants, Indian Museum, Kolkata.jpg|Skull of Indus Valley inhabitants<br />
Image:Preserved young goat with 8 legs, Indian Museum, Kolkata.jpg|Young goat with eight legs<br />
File:Mathura Herakles.jpg|The [[Mathura Herakles]].<br />
File:Tsuri-daiko (gaku-daiko), the large Japanese hanging drum.jpg|A [[Tsuri-daiko]] (gaku-daiko), the large Japanese hanging drum, on display.<br />
File:Revamped gallery of animals (specimens) at the Indian National Museum.jpg|Revamped gallery of animals (specimens)<br />
File:Villagers around a fire.jpg|''Villagers around a fire'', painting by [[Nainsukh]]. [[Jasrota]], {{Circa|1765}}-1775<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<!-- https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfIndianMuseum --><br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{commons category|Indian Museum, Kolkata}}<br />
* {{Official Website}}<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130921100134/http://indianmuseumkolkata.org/history.php History of Indian Museum]<br />
* [https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/indian-museum-kolkata Indian Museum Kolkata at Google Cultural Institute]<br />
* [http://www.dbcic.org Don Bosco Museum]<br />
* [http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/29496/1/SR%2051(10)%2038-41.pdf The Indian Museum Completes 200 Years] by Shakunt Pandey<br />
* [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Indian%20Museum Publications of the Indian Museum]<br />
<br />
{{Kolkata topics}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1814 establishments in British India]]<br />
[[Category:National museums of India]]<br />
[[Category:Art museums and galleries in India]]<br />
[[Category:Archaeological museums in India]]<br />
[[Category:Natural history museums in India]]<br />
[[Category:Museums established in 1814]]<br />
[[Category:Museums in Kolkata]]<br />
[[Category:World's fair sites in India]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Badridhar_Deewan&diff=488995Badridhar Deewan2026-04-04T03:37:02Z<p>RenaldoParadis: Details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician (1929–2021)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox politician<br />
| name = Badridhar Deewan<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date |1929|11|27|df=y}}<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|2021|05|04|1929|11|27|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]], India<br />
| birth_place = <br />
| birth_name = <br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janta Party]]<br />
| occupation = Politician<br />
| spouse = <br />
| children = <br />
| education = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
| date = <br />
| year = <br />
| source = <br />
| office = [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Member of Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency = [[Beltara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Beltara]]<br />
| term_start = 8 December 2008<br />
| term_end = 11 December 2018<br />
| predecessor = ''Constituency established''<br />
| successor = Rajnish Kumar Singh<br />
| office2 = [[List of deputy speakers of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Deputy speaker of Chhattisgarh legislative assembly]]<br />
| 2blankname2 = [[List of speakers of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]<br />
| 2namedata2 = [[Gaurishankar Agrawal]]<br />
| predecessor2 = [[Narayan Chandel]]<br />
| successor2 = [[Manoj Singh Mandavi]]<br />
| term_end2 = 12 December 2018<br />
| term_start2 = 23 July 2015<br />
| 2blankname3 = [[List of speakers of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]<br />
| 2namedata3 = [[Prem Prakash Pandey]]<br />
| predecessor3 = [[Dharmjeet Singh Thakur]]<br />
| successor3 = [[Narayan Chandel]]<br />
| term_end3 = 11 December 2008<br />
| term_start3 = 12 July 2005<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Badridhar Deewan''' (27 November 1929 – 4 May 2021) was an Indian politician and a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] leader from [[Chhattisgarh]], India. He was a member of the [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]] from [[Beltara Assembly constituency|Beltara]]. Deewan twice served as the deputy speaker of the Chhattisgarh legislative assembly.<ref>{{cite news |title=अस्त हुआ राजनीति का सितारा: छत्तीसगढ़ विधानसभा के पूर्व उपाध्यक्ष बद्रीधर दीवान का निधन, बिलासपुर के अस्पताल में ली अंतिम सांस; भाजपा की नींव रखने वालों में से थे |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/chhattisgarh/raipur/news/chhattisgarh-legislative-assembly-former-deputy-speaker-badridhar-dewan-passed-away-was-among-those-who-laid-the-foundation-stone-of-bjp-128464706.html |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi |date=4 May 2021 |access-date=6 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Badridhar Diwan - Beltara , Chhattisgarh |url=https://www.electiontak.in/polls/chhattisgarh/candidates/badridhar-diwan-mla-beltara-2013-100768 |work=Election Tak |access-date=7 February 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Deewan, Badridhar}}<br />
[[Category:1929 births]]<br />
[[Category:2021 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Chhattisgarh]]<br />
[[Category:People from Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh]]<br />
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2013–2018]]<br />
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2008–2013]]<br />
[[Category:Deputy speakers of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
{{Chhattisgarh-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kedarnath_Assembly_constituency&diff=471055Kedarnath Assembly constituency2026-03-29T12:51:50Z<p>RenaldoParadis: cleanup formatting to improve readability</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttarakhand legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Kedarnath<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2024 elections in India#Uttarakhand|2024]]<br />
| mla = [[Asha Nautiyal]]<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| state = Uttarakhand<br />
| district = [[Rudraprayag]]<br />
| electors = 88,829<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Garhwal Lok Sabha constituency|Garhwal]]<br />
| constituency_no = 7<br />
| map_image = Kedarnath Assembly constituency map.svg<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Kedarnath Legislative Assembly constituency''' is one of the seventy electoral [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Uttarakhand]] state in [[India]]. It includes Ukhimath Tehsil & KC Chopta Jakhani of Rudraprayag Tehsil area.<br />
<br />
Kedarnath Legislative Assembly constituency is a part of [[Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<br />
<br />
==Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Election!!Member!!colspan="2"|Party<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|[[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br />
|Narendra Singh<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
|Gangadhar<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="4" |{{center|''1967–2002 : Constituency abolished, see [[Badri-Kedar Assembly constituency]]''}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2002 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2002]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Asha Nautiyal]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2007]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=4 align=center|<small>''Major boundary changes''</small><br />
|-<br />
| [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]]<br />
| [[Shaila Rani Rawat]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<br />
| [[Manoj Rawat]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<br />
| [[Shaila Rani Rawat]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2024 elections in India#Uttarakhand|2024^]]<br />
| [[Asha Nautiyal]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*^ denotes by-election<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
===2024 by-election===<br />
{{Election box begin|<br />
|title=[[2024 elections in India#Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly by-election, 2024]]: Kedarnath}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Asha Nautiyal]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party <br />
|votes = 23,814<br />
|percentage = 43.74<br />
|change = {{increase}}7.7<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Manoj Rawat]]<br />
|party = Indian National Congress <br />
|votes = 18,192<br />
|percentage = 33.42<br />
|change = {{increase}}12.74<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Tribhuwan Chauhan <br />
|party = Independent<br />
|votes = 9,311<br />
|percentage = 17.10<br />
|change = ''New''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Ashutosh Bhandari<br />
|party = Uttarakhand Kranti Dal<br />
|votes = 1,314<br />
|percentage = 2.41<br />
|change = {{increase}}0.30<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]<br />
|party = None of the above (India)<br />
|votes = 834<br />
|percentage = 1.53<br />
|change = {{increase}}0.29<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 5,622<br />
|percentage = 10.32<br />
|change = {{decrease}}3.62<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 53,526<br />
|percentage = 58.89%<br />
|change = {{decrease}}6.39<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2022 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Kedarnath<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2022 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102703/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shaila Rani Rawat]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=21,886 |percentage=36.04% |change={{increase}}15.79 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kuldeep Singh Rawat |party=Independent politician |votes=13,423 |percentage=22.11% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Manoj Rawat]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,557 |percentage=20.68% |change={{decrease}}3.87 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sumant |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=4,647 |percentage=7.65% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devesh Nautiyal |party=Independent politician |votes=3,068 |percentage=5.05% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kuldeep Singh Rawat |party=Independent politician |votes=795 |percentage=1.31% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=751 |percentage=1.24% |change={{decrease}}0.03 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gajpal Singh Rawat |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=746 |percentage=1.23% |change={{decrease}}3.60 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rekha Devi |party=Independent politician |votes=697 |percentage=1.15% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajaram |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=689 |percentage=1.13% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shyam Lal Chandrawal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=584 |percentage=0.96% |change={{increase}}0.17 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,463 |percentage=13.94% |change= {{increase}}12.40 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=60,723 |percentage=65.28% |change= {{decrease}}0.49 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,016 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.99 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}11.50 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2017 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Kedarnath<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2017 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630093109/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Manoj Rawat]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,906 |percentage=24.55% |change={{decrease}}15.92 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kuldeep Singh Rawat |party=Independent politician |votes=13,037 |percentage=23.01% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Asha Nautiyal]] |party=Independent politician |votes=11,786 |percentage=20.80% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shaila Rani Rawat]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,472 |percentage=20.25% |change={{decrease}}15.49 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gangadhar |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=2,734 |percentage=4.83% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gangadhar Nautiyal |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,001 |percentage=1.77% |change={{decrease}}3.09 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=715 |percentage=1.26% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shambhu Prasad |party=Independent politician |votes=650 |percentage=1.15% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vikram Singh |party=Sainik Samaj Party |votes=456 |percentage=0.80% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kundan Lal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=447 |percentage=0.79% |change={{decrease}}3.10 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=869 |percentage=1.53% |change= {{decrease}}3.19 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=56,653 |percentage=65.77% |change= {{increase}}0.43 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 86,135 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.10 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}15.92 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2012 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Kedarnath<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2012 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929115647/https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-date=29 September 2022}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shaila Rani Rawat]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,960 |percentage=40.46% |change={{increase}}13.25 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Asha Nautiyal]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,632 |percentage=35.74% |change={{increase}}2.74 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gangadhar Nautiyal |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=2,395 |percentage=4.86% |change={{decrease}}1.52 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramesh Prasad Chamola |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,918 |percentage=3.89% |change={{decrease}}1.66 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dinesh Chandra |party=Independent politician |votes=1,859 |percentage=3.77% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Durgpal Chauhan |party=Uttarakhand Raksha Morcha |votes=1,501 |percentage=3.04% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laxmi Jaggi |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,492 |percentage=3.02% |change={{decrease}}2.93 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Prakash Vashisth |party=Independent politician |votes=435 |percentage=0.88% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shambhu Prasad |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=289 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,328 |percentage=4.72% |change= {{decrease}}1.07 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=49,329 |percentage=65.35% |change= {{increase}}3.32 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 75,489 |ref = |change= }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}7.46 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2007 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Kedarnath<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114082304/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Asha Nautiyal]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,971 |percentage=33.01% |change={{increase}}2.86 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kunwar Singh Negi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,992 |percentage=27.21% |change={{increase}}5.06 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajendra Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,811 |percentage=7.41% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gangadhar Nautiyal |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=3,278 |percentage=6.38% |change={{increase}}3.88 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ravindra Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=3,062 |percentage=5.95% |change={{increase}}1.79 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vinod Chandra |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,853 |percentage=5.55% |change={{decrease}}5.16 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dinesh Chandra |party=Bharatiya Jan Shakti |votes=2,627 |percentage=5.11% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laxman Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,301 |percentage=4.47% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Veer Singh Budera |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=1,101 |percentage=2.14% |change={{increase}}0.18 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajbeer Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=525 |percentage=1.02% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tulsi Ram Bhatt |party=Independent politician |votes=379 |percentage=0.74% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,979 |percentage=5.79% |change= {{decrease}}2.19 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=51,419 |percentage=62.66% |change= {{increase}}7.97 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,894 |ref = |change= }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}2.86 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2002 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Kedarnath<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114065248/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Asha Nautiyal]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=13,080 |percentage=30.14% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shaila Rani Rawat]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,615 |percentage=22.16% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lakshman Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=4,646 |percentage=10.71% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pardeep Bagwari |party=Independent politician |votes=2,995 |percentage=6.90% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Avtar Singh |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=2,905 |percentage=6.69% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajendra Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,351 |percentage=5.42% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Narayan |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,807 |percentage=4.16% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gangadhar Nautiyal |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,083 |percentage=2.50% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Maya Ram |party=Uttarakhand Janwadi Party |votes=893 |percentage=2.06% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Partap Singh |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=851 |percentage=1.96% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=670 |percentage=1.54% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,465 |percentage=7.98% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=43,397 |percentage=54.09% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,270 |ref = |change= }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Badri–Kedar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Uttarakhand Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/93-uttarakhand/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=17 January 2024}} <br />
*http://ceo.uk.gov.in/files/oversease%20election/English/7.pdf<br />
*http://election.uk.gov.in/pdf_roll/01012010/A007/A007.pdf<br />
*http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf<br />
*https://www.elections.in/uttarakhand/assembly-constituencies/kedarnath.html<br />
*https://web.archive.org/web/20090619064401/http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_pc.aspx<br />
*https://web.archive.org/web/20101201021552/http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_detl.aspx<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand}}<br />
{{coord|30.73|79.07|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rudraprayag district]]<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Uttarakhand]]<br />
[[Category:Constituencies established in 2002]]<br />
[[Category:2002 establishments in Uttarakhand]]<br />
[[Category:1957 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:1967 disestablishments in India]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_in_Meitei_culture&diff=4829712022 in Meitei culture2026-03-27T04:10:11Z<p>RenaldoParadis: New</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|none}}<br />
{{About|the overview of events directly related to [[Meitei culture]], occurred in both outside and inside of [[Manipur]]|the overall aspects of events in Manipur|2022 in Manipur}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}<br />
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Statue of Maharaja Nara Singh in front of the Western Entrance to the Kangla fort in Imphal.jpg|thumb|250px|A statue of [[List of Meitei kings|Meitei king]] [[:en:Raja Nara Singh|Meidingu Nara Singh]] (1844–1850 A.D.) in front of the [[:en:Kangla Sanathong|Kangla Sanathong]], the Western Entrance to the [[Kangla Fort]], was inaugurated by the [[:en:Government of Manipur|Government of Manipur]] in 2022.]]<br />
[[File:Savita Ben Mehta (in traditional Meitei clothes and jewelry) — Artist of the Classical Manipuri dance — Cultural heritage of the Meitei civilisation.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Manipuri classical dance|Classical Manipuri dance]]r Savita's collection of 8mm films (‘[[home movie]]s’) of her dance performances was made a rare additional part of the [[National Film Archive of India]] (NFAI) in February 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NFAI acquires personal collection of renowned Manipuri dancer Savita Ben Mehta|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1797603|website=Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref>]]<br />
<br />
[[2022]] in [[Meitei culture]], including but not limited to [[Meitei architecture]], [[:en:Meitei cinema|Meitei cinema]], [[Meitei cuisine]], [[:en:Meitei dances|Meitei dances]], [[Meitei festivals]], [[Meitei language]], [[Meitei literature]], [[:en:Music of Manipur|Meitei music]], [[Meitei religion]], [[Meitei script]], etc.<br />
<br />
== Events ==<br />
* '''27 January''': The 44th annual remembering program of "[[Puya Mei Thaba]]" was observed as the historic event completed 293 years.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2022/1/28/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Jan-27-The-44th-commemoration-programme-of-Puya-Mei-Thaba-was-obs.html | title=MNF, ICOP recall 'Puya Mei Thaba' incident }}</ref><br />
* '''28 January''' – A unanimous resolution was passed by the ''"Meetei Erol Eyek Loinasillol Apunba Lup"'' (MEELAL), ''"All Manipur Working Journalists’ Union"'' (AMWJU) and ''"Editors' Guild Manipur"'' (EGM) in [[Imphal]] that all the newspapers in [[Meitei language]] (officially called [[Manipuri language]]) will be using the [[Meitei script]] ({{langx|mni|[[Meetei Mayek]]}}) instead of the [[Bengali script]] from {{Start date and age|df=y|2023|01|15}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meetei Mayek in newspapers |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2022/1/29/IMPHAL-Jan-28-A-resolution-has-been-taken-to-use-Meetei-Mayek-in-place-of-Bengali-script-in-all-n.html |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=www.thesangaiexpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meetei Mayek in newspapers : 29th jan22 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=16..290122.jan22 |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Time |first=Pratidin |title=Meetei Mayek to Replace Bengali Script in Manipuri Newspapers from 2023 |url=https://www.pratidintime.com/top-stories/meetei-mayek-to-replace-bengali-script-in-all-newspapers-in-manipur-from-jan-2023 |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=Pratidin Time |date=30 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=State dailies to cease Bengali script Manipuri papers from Jan, 2023 : 29th jan22 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=44..290122.jan22 |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref><br />
* '''21 February''': The Meetei Erol Eyek Loinasillon Apunba Lup (MEELAL) and the Democratic Students' Alliance of Manipur (DESAM) together organised the "[[International Mother Language Day]]", with special focus on the development of [[Meitei language]] and [[Meitei script]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2022/2/22/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Feb-21-As-observed-all-over-the-Meetei-Erol-Eyek-Loinasillon-Apunb.html | title=International Mother Language Day Need for preserving Meetei Mayek stressed }}</ref><br />
* '''10 April''': In [[:en:Dimapur|Dimapur]], [[Nagaland]], the Dimapur Meetei Council launched a new ‘Meetei waistcoat’ to prevent wrong identification of the community in Nagaland.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://morungexpress.com/dimapur-meetei-council-launches-new-meetei-waistcoat | title=Dimapur Meetei Council launches new 'Meetei waistcoat' }}</ref><br />
* '''11 May''' – [[Google Translate]] added [[Meitei language]] (under the name '''''"[[Meiteilon (Manipuri)]]"''''') during its addition of 24 new languages to the [[machine translation]] tool. The writing system used for [[Meitei language]] in this tool is [[Meitei script]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2022 |title=Assamese, Meiteilon (Manipuri) and Mizo language has been added to Google translate, moment of pride for Northeastern India! – NE India Broadcast |url=https://neindiabroadcast.com/2022/05/12/assamese-meiteilon-manipuri-and-mizo-language-has-been-added-to-google-translate-moment-of-pride-for-northeastern-india/ |access-date=2 October 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2022 |title=Google Translate adds support for Assamese, Mizo and Manipuri languages – Eastern Mirror |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/google-translate-adds-support-for-assamese-mizo-and-manipuri-languages/ |access-date=2 October 2022 |website=easternmirrornagaland.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2022 |title=Google Translate gets support for 24 new languages including Assamese, Mizo and Manipuri |url=https://www.time8.in/google-translate-gets-support-for-24-new-languages-including-assamese-mizo-and-manipuri/ |access-date=2 October 2022 |website=TIME8 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* '''15 June''' – The [[:en:Statue of Meidingu Nara Singh|Statue of Meidingu Nara Singh]] was unveiled in the [[:en:Kangla Sanathong|Kangla Sanathong]] ([[:en:Western Kangla Gate|Western Kangla Gate]]) by [[:en:Nongthombam Biren Singh|Nongthombam Biren Singh]], the then [[:en:Chief Minister of Manipur|Chief Minister of Manipur]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maharaja Narasingh's bronze statue unveiled : 29th aug14 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=16..290814.aug14 |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Manipur CM unveils statue of King Narasingh |work=uniindia.com |url=http://www.uniindia.com/news/east/development-manipur-king-narasingh/2758472.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-15 |title=Meidingu Narasingh statue unvieled {{!}} Pothashang News |url=https://www.pothashang.in/2022/06/15/meidingu-narasingh-statue-unvieled/ |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=Pothashang |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Inaugurated a statue of the then king of Manipur, Nara Singh at Kangla |url=https://www.citizenradio.in/2022/06/inaugurated-statue-of-then-king-of.html |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=Citizen Radio Manipur |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928200851/https://www.citizenradio.in/2022/06/inaugurated-statue-of-then-king-of.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CM inaugurates Andro infrastructure, unveils Narasingh's statue : 16th jun22 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=6..160622.jun22 |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref><br />
* '''31 July''': The Meetei Erol Eyek Loinasillol Apunba Lup (MEELAL) organised a national convention on [[Meitei script|Meetei Mayek script]], adopting three resolutions.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=7..010822.aug22 | title=MEELAL holds convention on 'Meetei Mayek' : 01st aug22 ~ E-Pao! Headlines }}</ref><br />
* '''5 August''' – The [[:en:Manipur State Legislative Assembly|Manipur State Legislative Assembly]] passed a resolution to record the [[Sanamahi religion]] ([[Sanamahism]]) in the [[:en:Indian census|Indian census]] data with a separate unique code as an officially recognised minority religion of India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Separate code mooted for Sanamahi religion : 06th aug22 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=9..060822.aug22 |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref><br />
* '''18 August''': All [[Meitei language]] newspapers published in [[Bengali script]] were requested to publish a page of [[Meitei script|Meetei Mayek script]] for morning papers and half page for evening papers from 20 August.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/meetei-mayek-page-in-local-dailies-from-tomorrow-meelal | title=Meetei Mayek page in local dailies from tomorrow: MEELAL | access-date=6 October 2023 | archive-date=3 August 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803140244/https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/meetei-mayek-page-in-local-dailies-from-tomorrow-meelal | url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
* '''20 August''' – The [[:en:Meitei Language Day|31st anniversary to the Meitei Language Day]] was celebrated.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-20 |title=Biren compares Meitei to endangered Sangai {{!}} Pothashang News |url=https://www.pothashang.in/2022/08/20/biren-compares-meitei-to-endangered-sangai/ |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=Pothashang |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipuri Language Day 2022: CM Biren proposes course on tribal dialects |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/manipuri-language-day-2022-cm-biren-proposes-course-on-tribal-dialects |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=[[Imphal Free Press]] |language=en |archive-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007014151/https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/manipuri-language-day-2022-cm-biren-proposes-course-on-tribal-dialects |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-20 |title=Manipur observes 31st Manipuri Language Day – Eastern Mirror |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/manipur-observes-31st-manipuri-language-day/ |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=easternmirrornagaland.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><br />
* '''27, 28, 29 September''': In [[Assam]], people demanded to include [[Meitei language]] as an [[official language]] of the state.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/include-manipuri-in-assam-associate-official-language-myfa | title=Include Manipuri in Assam associate official language: MYFA | access-date=6 October 2023 | archive-date=3 August 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803140243/https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/include-manipuri-in-assam-associate-official-language-myfa | url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
* '''26 October''': A ceremony of a 15-day workshop on [[Rite-de-Passage]] of [[Sanamahism]] religion was inaugurated in the temple of [[Lainingthou Sanamahi]] of Haying Khongbal, [[Imphal]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2022/10/26/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Oct-25-To-come-to-a-meeting-point-over-the-designation-of-the-ethni.html | title=Work out meeting point over Meetei/Meitei term : RS MP Rite-de Passage of Sanamahism kicks off }}</ref><br />
* '''10 November''': A ceremony of a month-long [[Meitei script|Meetei Mayek script]] training programme organised by the MEELAL and [[Manipur People's Party]] (MPP) was concluded.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2022/11/10/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Nov-10-Alleging-exclusion-of-Meetei-Mayek-in-State-related-programme.html | title=MEELAL expresses discontent over alleged exclusion of Meetei Mayek in State related programmes }}</ref><br />
* '''11 November''': A 15-day workshop on '[[Rite-De-Passage]] of Sanamahism' organised at the temple of [[Lainingthou Sanamahi]] by the [[Lainingthou Sanamahi Temple Board]] (LSTB) and [[Manipur University of Culture]], was concluded.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2022/11/12/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Nov-11-Lourembam-Rameshwor-Meetei-Keirao-AC-MLA-and-Chairman-of-Pla.html | title='Rite-De- Passage of Sanamahism' workshop concludesL Rameshwor Meetei calls for concerted efforts for upliftment of Sanamahi faith }}</ref><br />
* '''16 December''': 6 student organisations – AMSU, MSF, DESAM, KSA, SUK and AIMS – requested to the authorities concerned to include the [[Meitei script|Meetei Mayek script]] in the [[Union Public Service Commission|UPSC]] Mains examination, along with the formation of a [[transliteration]] committee and a language commission.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/manipur-students-demand-inclusion-of-meetei-mayek-in-upsc-mains-exam | title=Manipur students demand inclusion of Meetei Mayek in UPSC Mains Exam | access-date=6 October 2023 | archive-date=3 August 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803140242/https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/manipur-students-demand-inclusion-of-meetei-mayek-in-upsc-mains-exam | url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
{{portal|2020s|Current events|India|Bangladesh|Myanmar|Asia}}<br />
* [[:en:2022 in art|2022 in art]]<br />
* [[:en:2022 in film|2022 in film]]<br />
* [[:en:2022 in literature|2022 in literature]]<br />
* [[:en:2022 in music|2022 in music]]<br />
* [[:en:2022 in philosophy|2022 in philosophy]]<br />
* [[:en:2022 in religion|2022 in religion]]<br />
* [[:en:2022 in science|2022 in science]]<br />
* [[:en:2022 in American television|2022 in American television]]<br />
* [[:en:2022 in hip hop music|2022 in hip hop music]]<br />
* [[:en:2022 in sports|2022 in sports]]<br />
* [[:en:2022 in video games|2022 in video games]]<br />
* [[:en:2022 in Philippine television|2022 in Philippine television]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2022 in India]]<br />
[[Category:Meitei culture]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Forest_Policy,_1988&diff=520878National Forest Policy, 19882026-03-26T10:18:15Z<p>RenaldoParadis: new</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Act of the Parliament of India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox legislation<br />
| short_title = National Forest Policy, 1988<br />
| image = <br />
| imagesize = 150px<br />
| imagelink =<br />
| imagealt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| long_title = An Act to provide for the conservation of forests and for matters connected there with or ancillary or incidental thereto. <br />
| citation = <br />
| territorial_extent = The whole of India.<br />
| enacted_by = [[Parliament of India]]<br />
| date_enacted = 1988<br />
| status = in force<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''National Forest Policy, 1988''' is an [[Act of Parliament|Act]] of the [[Parliament of India]] to revise the previously enacted National Forest Policy of 1952.<ref>[http://asbb.gov.in/Downloads/National%20Forest%20Policy.pdf National Forest Policy, 1988 - Resolution] Ministry of Environment and Forests. Last accessed 21 November 2021.</ref> The 1988 National Forest Policy strongly suggested the idea of empowering and involving local communities in the protection and development of forests. A direct outcome of the National Forest Policy, 1988 was the [[Joint Forest Management Program]] (JFM /JFMP) instituted in 1990 by the Government of India. It was started on a pilot project basis in [[West Bengal]] as early as 1971, and again in the late 1980s with considerable success.<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20070309101217/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2002/03/17/stories/2002031700480400.htm Guarding the green blanket]}}, [[The Hindu]] Sunday magazine, March 17, 2002</ref><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Several legislation in India focused on improving environmental quality since the enactment of the National Forest Policy of 1952. The Indian Parliament passed the [[Wildlife Protection Act, 1972]], [[Water Act, 1974]], [[Air Act, 1981]], the [[Forest Conservation Act, 1980]] and the [[Environment Protection Act, 1986]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{India-law-stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1988 in Indian law]]<br />
[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 1988]]<br />
[[Category:Forest administration in India]]<br />
[[Category:History of forestry in India]]<br />
[[Category:Environmental history of India]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galiakot&diff=469169Galiakot2026-03-24T06:28:10Z<p>RenaldoParadis: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{More citations needed|date=April 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Galiyakot<br />
| native_name = Wagad<br />
| native_name_lang = Wagadi<br />
| other_name = Taherabad<br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = [[Town]]<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|23.536|N|74.009|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dungarpur district|Dungarpur]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = 145<br />
| population_total = 6636<br />
| population_as_of = 2001<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]], [[wagdhi]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN 314026]] --><br />
| postal_code = 314026<br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| website = <br />
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|RJ-IN]]<br />
| footnotes = <br />
| official_name = Galiyakot<br />
}}<br />
'''Galiyakot''' is a [[Census town#India|town]] in [[Dungarpur District]] of [[Rajasthan]], [[India]].<ref name="Census-2011">{{Cite web|author=Census Commission of India|title=Galiyakot Population Census 2011 |publisher=Census 2011 |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/98173-galiakot-rajasthan.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417013924/http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/98173-galiakot-rajasthan.html |archive-date=17 April 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> It is situated about 56 km from [[Dungarpur|Dungarpur city]] and 168 km from the Rajasthan city of [[Udaipur, Rajasthan|Udaipur]]. It was controlled by the Parmar dynasty around Vikram Samvat 1000. In Vikram Samvat 1342, Rao Dedu (Devpal), Raja of the Sisodiya dynasty, subdued Galiyakot. The predecessors of Dungarpur controlled Galiyakot for many years before settling in Dungarpur. It is part of a Dawoodi Bohra pilgrimage site and contains many Hindu temples, including the Shitla Mata Mandir and the tomb of Babji Moula Syedi Fakhruddin.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
Galiakot is located at {{coord|23.536|N|74.009|E|}}. It has an average elevation of 145 metres (475 feet).<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
{{As of|2001}}, the India [[census]] reported that Galiakot had a population of 6,636.<ref name="Census-2001">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title=Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages, and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher=Census Commission of India}}</ref> Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Galiakot has an average literacy rate of 56%, which is lower than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy stands at 67%, while female literacy is 44%. In Galiakot, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. The town is also known for Ramkada Udhyog.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Clear}}<br />
<br />
{{Dungarpur district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Cities and towns in Dungarpur district]]<br />
[[Category:Dawoodi Bohras]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manimaran_Govindarasu&diff=457018Manimaran Govindarasu2026-03-17T09:59:39Z<p>RenaldoParadis: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Notability|date=March 2026}}<br />
<br />
'''Manimaran Govindarasu''' is a Ross Martin Mehl and Marylyne Munas Mehl Professor of [[Electrical engineering|electrical]] and [[computer engineering]] at the [[Iowa State University]]. He holds B.E. in [[computer science]] and engineering from [[Bharathidasan University]] (1989), an MTech in [[computer technology]] from the [[Indian Institutes of Technology]] (1993), and Ph.D. in computer science and engineering from the Indian Institutes of Technology (1998).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.engineering.iastate.edu/directory/profile/gmani|title=Manimaran Govindarasu|accessdate=29 December 2019}}</ref> He was named [[Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE) in 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ieee-pes.org/pes-communities/awards/158-uncategorised/706-pes-members-elected-to-the-ieee-fellows-class-of-2015|title=PES Members elected to the IEEE Fellows Class of 2015|website=IEEE Fellows Directory|accessdate=29 December 2019}}</ref> for ''contributions to security of power grids''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://site.ieee.org/pes-enews/2015/02/10/2015-pes-fellows/|title=2015 PES Fellows|publisher=eNewsUpdate|date=10 February 2015|accessdate=29 December 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{GoogleScholar|vkOTo_EAAAAJ}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Govindarasu, Manimaran}}<br />
[[Category:20th-century births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Computer engineers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian electrical engineers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Institutes of Technology alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Iowa State University faculty]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the IEEE]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:American electrical engineers]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{US-electrical-engineer-stub}}</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Sardo_Abendana&diff=504730Isaac Sardo Abendana2026-03-14T11:51:03Z<p>RenaldoParadis: Starting The Info Needs Work</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Dutch Jewish diamond merchant (1662–1709)}}<br />
{{Distinguish|Isaac Abendana}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Isaac Sardo Abendana<br />
| birth_date = {{Circa|1662}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Holland]], [[Netherlands]]<br />
| death_date = {{Death date|df=yes|1709|5|10}} (aged 49)<br />
| death_place = [[Fort St. George, India|Fort St. George]], [[Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| occupation = Diamond merchant and jeweler<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Isaac Sardo Abendana'''{{Efn|Abendana's grave refers to him as '''Isaac Abendana Sardo of Madras'''.<ref name="journal" />}} ({{Circa|1662}} – 10 May 1709) was a Dutch Jewish jeweller and diamond merchant of [[Madras]], [[India]]. Originally from [[Holland]], Abendana moved to India in 1702. Due to his skill in the trade, Abendana was widely consulted, including by most Madras trading companies and by his close friend, [[Thomas Pitt]], the governor of [[Fort St. George, India|Fort St. George]].<br />
<br />
== Biography ==<br />
Originally from [[Holland]], [[Netherlands]], Isaac Sardo Abendana was born {{Circa|1662}} and left for India around 1702. He settled in [[Pulicat]], [[Tamil Nadu]], before moving to [[Fort St. George, India|Fort St. George]], [[Madras]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2007 |title=Abendana, Isaac Sardo |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia Judaica]] |publisher=Thomson Gale |last=Fischel |first=Walter Joseph |edition=2nd |volume=1 |page=251}}</ref> with his family.<ref name="journal">{{Cite journal |last=Fischel |first=Walter J. |date=August 1960 |title=The Jewish Merchant-Colony in Madras (Fort St. George) during the 17th and 18th Centuries: A Contribution to the Economic and Social History of the Jews in India (Concluded) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3596295 |journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=191–192 |doi=10.2307/3596295 |jstor=3596295 |url-access=registration }}</ref> He was part of [[Paradesi Jews#History of Madras (Chennai) Jews|a Jewish colony of merchants]] in Fort St. George, working in the trade of precious stones and coral, who were of the [[Jewish diaspora]]. He worked with English merchant [[Alvarez da Fonseca]].<ref name="journal" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Parthasarathy |first=Anusha |date=September 3, 2013 |title=Lustre dims, legacy stays |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/lustre-dims-legacy-stays/article5088977.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=September 11, 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
Abendana knew [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Arbell |first=Mordechai |date=2000 |title=The Portuguese Jewish Community of Madras, India, in the Seventeenth Century |url=https://esefarad.com/the-portuguese-jewish-community-of-madras-india-in-the-seventeenth-century/ |access-date=September 11, 2022 |website=eSefarad |language=en |quote=Fuente: Los Muestros Nº 41}}</ref> Due to his skill in the cutting, polishing and appraisal of diamonds,<ref name=":3" /> Abendana was widely consulted and his advice was well-sought; he became a scientific advisor to most Madras trading companies.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> A personal friend of then-Governor [[Thomas Pitt]], who also consulted him, Abendana is believed to be responsible for his fortune and for acquiring the [[Regent Diamond]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Muthiah |first=S. |date=September 3, 2007 |title=The Portuguese Jews of Madras |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-portuguese-jews-of-madras/article2252700.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=September 11, 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Death, testament and widow ===<br />
[[File:Jewish cemetery, Chennai - 20.jpg|thumb|The tombstone of Isaac Abendana]]<br />
{{Quote box<br />
| quote = Here lies the body of Isᴀᴀᴄ Aʙᴇɴᴅᴀɴᴀ Sᴀʀᴅᴏ of Madras, Hebrew merchant, who died the 10th of May anno 1709, in the 49th year of his age. (Coat of Arms.)<br />
| author = Inscription upon Isaac Sardo Abendana's tombstone in [[Fort St. George]]<ref name=":1" /><br />
| align = left<br />
| width = 40%<br />
}}<br />
Abendana died on 10 May 1709, in Fort St. George, where he was buried. His was one of the few Jewish tombstones in the Fort to have been preserved.<ref name="journal" /> The tombstone was relocated to the [[Jewish Cemetery Chennai|Second Jewish Cemetery]] on [[Mint Street, Chennai|Mint Street]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Cotton |first=Julian James |url=https://archive.org/details/ListOfInscriptionsOnTombsMonumentsMadrasVol1Cotton/page/n173/mode/2up |title=List of Inscriptions on Tombstones and Monuments in Madras Possessing Historical Or Archaeological Interest |publisher=Superintendent, Government Press |year=1945 |editor-last=Bahadur |editor-first=Rao |edition=Revised |volume=1 |location=India |pages=164–165 |orig-date=1905 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>{{Efn|Abendana's tombstone was still preserved as of 1960.<ref name="journal" /> The [[Jewish Cemetery Chennai|Second Jewish Cemetery]] was partly demolished in 1934 and the tombstones were moved to the Central Park of Madras. In 1983, the tombstones were moved to Lloyds Road.}}<br />
<br />
Although he appointed Pitt the trustee of his estate in his testament, the governor declined as he was about to leave India. As Abendana's widow was [[illiterate]], four people were nominated to go through his papers.<ref name=":1" /> The court records describe his testament as being written in "certain characters and other numerous abbreviations" unknown to them, probably Hebrew.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
According to Professor [[Walter Joseph Fischel]], "[t]he history of his widow [and] her "case" is discussed very extensively in the [court] records."<ref name="journal" /><ref name=":1" /> In a letter from then-Governor [[Edward Harrison (British administrator)|Edward Harrison]] and Council to the Court of Directors, dated September 16, 1713, Harrison mentioned that a "turbulent" Danish missionary{{Efn|According to Julian James Cotton, the Danish missionary was likely J.G. Bovingh.<ref name=":1" />}} had contrived the widow's "escape" from her creditors to the town of [[Tranquebar]].<ref name=":1" /> There, in 1712, she married a [[German Lutherans|German Lutheran]]. Although Madras had no [[synagogue]], Abendana's testament stipulates that if his wife were to remarry, it should be in a city with one. The litigation which ensured after the marriage was documented at the [[Madras Record Office]];<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> Fischel later said that this was a "very embarrassing scandal."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fischel |first=Walter J. |year=1967 |title=The Indian Archives: A Source for the History of the Jews of Asia (From the Sixteenth Century on) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1453493 |journal=[[The Jewish Quarterly Review]] |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |volume=57 |page=206 |doi=10.2307/1453493 |jstor=1453493 |url-access=registration |quote=The Widows of Jaques de Paiva and Isaac Abendana created after the death of their husbands very embarrassing scandals in the Madras society, as attested by the available sources. }}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
=== Notes ===<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
=== Citations ===<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
<br />
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2007 |title=Abendana, Isaac Sardo |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia Judaica]] |publisher=Thomson Gale |last=Fischel |first=Walter Joseph |editor-last=Skolnik |editor-first=Fred |edition=2nd |volume=1 |page=251}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Abendana, Isaac Sardo}}<br />
[[Category:Jewish merchants]]<br />
[[Category:1660s births]]<br />
[[Category:1709 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:18th-century Dutch merchants]]<br />
[[Category:Dutch Sephardi Jews]]<br />
[[Category:Paradesi Jews]]<br />
[[Category:17th-century Dutch Jews]]<br />
[[Category:18th-century Dutch Jews]]<br />
[[Category:Dutch jewellers]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahanubhava&diff=514769Mahanubhava2026-03-12T08:01:39Z<p>RenaldoParadis: stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Krishnaite Vaishnava denomination}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=April 2011}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}<br />
{{infobox religious group<br />
| group = Mahanubhava<br />
| flag = <br />
| flag_caption = <br />
| image = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| population = <br />
| founder = Sarvajna Shri [[Chakradhar Swami]]<br />
| regions = [[Maharashtra]], [[Punjab]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Gujarat]] and parts of [[North India]]<br />
| scriptures = ''[[Leela Charitra]]'', ''Siddhanta Sutrapatha'', ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]''<br />
| languages = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] (Primary){{•}}[[Sanskrit]] and others<br />
| related-c = <br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
{{Hindu philosophy}}<br />
<br />
'''Mahanubhava''' (also known as '''Jai Shri Krishna Pantha''') is a [[Krishnaism|Krishnaite]] [[Hindu denominations|Hindu denomination]] (''[[Sampradaya]]'' or ''Pantha)'' in [[India]] that is generally described to be founded by [[Chakradhar Swami|Chakradhara Swami]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Doshi |first=Saryu |title=Maharashtra |year=1985 |publisher=Marg Publications |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yQpuAAAAMAAJ |oclc=473550290 |page=61}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |surname=Feldhaus |given=Anne |year=1983 |title=The religious system of the Mahānubhāva sect: the Mahānubhāva Sūtrapāṭha |series=South Asian studies, 12 |place=New Delhi |publisher=Manohar |url={{Google books|JErLvAEACAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |isbn=9780836410051}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Priya|first1=Kumar Ravi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gWjeCwAAQBAJ&q=Mahanubhav+sect&pg=PA106 |title=Qualitative Research on Illness, Wellbeing and Self-Growth: Contemporary Indian Perspectives |last2=Dalal |first2=Ajit Kumar|date=2016-04-01|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-93347-1}}</ref> Some sources list the founders as Chakrapani (Chāngadeva Rāuḷ) and Govinda Prabhu (Gunḍama Rāuḷ) with Chakradhara Swami as the first "apostle" and propagator of Mahanubhava Pantha.<ref name="Indian History">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&q=Mahanubhava+founding&pg=SL2-PA210 |title=Indian History|publisher=Allied Publishers|year=1988|isbn=9788184245684}}</ref> Mahanubhava Sampradaya was formally formed in the modern-day [[Amravati division|Varhad]] region of [[Maharashtra]] in 1267 CE. It has different names such as '''Jai Krishni Pantha''' in [[Punjab]] and '''Achyuta Pantha''' in [[Gujarat]]. Mahanubhava Pantha was also known as '''Paramarga''' by its followers in the 13th century.<ref name="Tulpule">S. G. Tulpule, Mahānubhāva pantha āṇi tyāce vāṅmaya (महानुभाव पंथ आणि त्याचे वाङ्मय), Venus Prakashan, Pune, 1976, pp. 2-9</ref> Nagadevacharya, also known as Bhatobas, became the head of Sampradaya after Chakradhara.<br />
<br />
In Mahanubhava, all members are accepted, irrespective of their [[caste]]s, and the traditional ritualistic religion is rejected. Mahanubhava survives to the present day. It teaches that Krishna is the supreme [[God]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://www.hinduismfacts.org/mahanubhav-panth/ |title=Mahanubhav Panth |website=Hinduism Facts {{!}} Facts about Hindu Religion |date=15 June 2011 |language=en-US |access-date=2019-01-11 |archive-date=2019-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117045403/http://www.hinduismfacts.org/mahanubhav-panth/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Mahanubhava Sampradaya has 13 different ''Amnaya'' (it is ancestral big family tracing their roots backwards). These traditions were founded by 13 different [[Acharya|acharyas]] which include some disciples of Nagadevacharya and various successors in their lineages.<br />
<br />
== Chakradhara==<br />
Chakradhara (known as Sarvajna Shri Chakradhar Swami in the sect) propounded the philosophy of Mahanubhava Sampradaya for the first time. He theorized the idea of "Five Krishnas" as the main figures for Mahanubhavas to worship.<br />
<br />
Chakradhara was born in a [[Marathi people|Marathi]] [[Deshastha Brahmin]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NTnJBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT201|title=Religious Cultures in Early Modern India: New Perspectives|author1=Rosalind O'Hanlon|author2=David Washbrook|publisher=Routledge|access-date=2 January 2014|page=201|quote=Swami Chakradhar, a Deshastha Brahmin, is reputed to have founded his Mahanubhava community in nearby Paithan, in 1267.|isbn=9781317982876|date=2 January 2014}}</ref> He moved among all sections of society. He discoursed his philosophy to the people in their own language. He used formulaic language full of meaning in a compact style. He exhorted his disciples to write only in Marathi.<br />
<br />
== Philosophy ==<br />
According to the Mahanubhava Philosophy, there are four permanent realities in the universe which are [[Parameshvara (epithet)|''Paramesvara'']] (God), ''[[Jiva]]'' (soul), [[Deva (Hinduism)|''Devata'']] (deities and supernatural beings) and ''Prapancha'' (world). These four entities are uncreated, eternal and independent from each other. [[Three bodies doctrine|Prapancha]] is of two types - ''Suksma'' (matter) or ''Karana Prapancha'' and ''Sthula'' (material) or ''Karya Prapancha''. ''Karana Prapancha'' is immortal but ''Karya Prapancha'' is perishable. Paramesvara is the supreme entity in this universe. Paramesvara is one, unique, perfect, omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, impersonal and absolute.<br />
<br />
There are innumerable souls (Jiva) and material worlds (Sthula Prapancha) existing in the universe. Devata (deities) are 810,125,010 in number including [[Maya (religion)|Maya]]. The purpose of Jiva is to attain [[Moksha]] and the Devata is a powerful impediment to Jiva. All Devata are subject to Paramesvara (Supreme God) and they help him to create material world with Maya as their main contributor. The material world is composed of [[Tattva|Panchatattva]] viz. Akasha, Vayu, Tejas, Apas, Prithvi and [[Guṇa|Triguna]] viz. Sattva, Rajas and Tamas.<br />
<br />
Mahanubhava teachings mainly concerned with the relationship between Jiva and Paramesvara. One can practice bhakti by memorising deeds of the almighty. The aspirant for salvation must sacrifice his country, village and his relations and offer his life to god. Chakradhara also taught the followers of Mahanubhava Sampradaya; when, where, how and how much alms they should be beg for.<br />
<br />
{{Subschools of Vedanta|Mahanubhava is not a sub-school of Vedanta, although it has some similarities with the schools of Vedanta philosophy. The 'Mahanubhava Darshana' is a distinct school of Indian philosophy which emphasizes on the concept of Bhakti.<ref>R. B. Meshram, Bharatiya Darshane ani Mahanubhava Tattvadnyana (भारतीय दर्शने आणि महानुभाव तत्त्वज्ञान), Mahanubhav Sahitya Prakashan, Malwadgaon, 2006, pp.20-21</ref>}}<br />
<br />
Mahanubhava philosophy states that only Paramesvara can give Moksha (ultimate salvation from the cycle of birth and death) to every living creature in the material world. Jiva therefore should worship only Paramesvara rather than minor deities or nature spirits. Mahanubhavas worship Paramesvara in the form of its 5 [[Avatara]] (incarnations) to personify its original Nirguna (indeterminate) form. One of the most important aspects of Mahanubhava philosophy is [[asceticism]]. The fourfold teachings are: non-violence, celibacy, asceticism and bhakti. The essential concept to be included in the reverence for 5 incarnations is memorising the several aspects of them, i.e. name, appearance or form, activities, deeds, words spoken by them ([[Śruti|Shruti]]), memories about them ([[Smriti]]) and blessings given by them. Other beliefs involved in Mahanubhava doctrine are Nitya Puja of Panchavatara for 3 times every day and recitation of the names of Panchavatara. Mahanubhava followers also do Smarana (remembrance) of the five incarnations including incidents and objects related to their lives as well as the places connected with them. Mahanubhava followers visit pilgrimage sites like Ruddhipur (Ridhapur), Jalicha dev, Domegram, [[Paithan]], [[Mahur, Maharashtra|Mahur]], [[Phaltan]] and Panchaleshwar.<ref name="Kolte">V. B. Kolte, Mahanubhava Tattvadnyana (महानुभाव तत्त्वज्ञान), Arun Prakashan, Malkapur, 1956.</ref><br />
<br />
The central theme of Mahanubhava doctrine is, "Feel the soul and not the body". Living the life of mendicant and practicing asceticism severely, the devotee should live according to principle, "God is mine and I am god's". The core of his code of behavior is summed up in the following line for the benefit of his followers: "Even if the head is cut off, the body should worship god".<br />
<br />
Besides teaching strict [[vegetarianism]], Mahanubhava Pantha forbids the use of alcohol and teaches non-violence. Theft, gambling, hunting, promiscuity etc. are strictly prohibited and considered as great sins. Mahanubhava doctrine rejects Vedic rituals but not the Vedic philosophy. Mahanubhavas follow the teachings of Shri Chakradhar Swami. Mahanubhavas totally reject the caste system, hegemony of Varna and any kind of social discrimination. They believe that every person has right to attain Moksha, regardless of varna and castes.<br />
<br />
Development of Mahanubhava philosophy may have started in the 12th century during the lifetime of Chakrapani Prabhu. Chakradhar Swami officially described it in a well-integrated manner in the latter half of the 13th century<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Literature ==<br />
{{main|Leela Charitra}}<br />
Mahanubhava literature generally comprises rhetoric and commentaries. Mahanubhavas authored numerous treatise that describe about the 5 incarnations of god, they compiled various hagiographies and wrote memoirs about the history of the sect. Mahanubhavas composed numerous literary works in Marathi during the medieval period like commentaries on ''Bhagavad Gita'', ''Leela Charitra'' and ''Sutrapatha''; epics narrating stories from the life of Shri Krishna; various reference works viz. lexicons, chronicles, biographies, itineraries and genealogies. Mahanubhava Marathi literature covered various literary forms like anecdotes, allegories, ballads, prayers, hymns, verses as well as chants. Mahanubhava writers wrote [[grammar|grammatical]] and [[Etymology|etymological]] works related to the Old Marathi language. They also wrote many treatise based on the [[Puranas]], that are deemed useful to explain the philosophy of Mahanubhava Sampradaya. The Mahanubhava were the earliest writers to use Marathi as a literary language. Mahanubhavas can be called as the pioneers of Marathi prose; they introduced many prose forms in Marathi for the first time. Prose literature in Old Marathi was almost exclusively composed by the Mahanubhava writers. The Mahanubhavas have contributed enormously to the Old Marathi literature.<ref name="Tulpule" /> Purest form of Marathi language can be seen everywhere in the Mahanubhava literature. Marathi is the liturgical language for Mahanubhavas. Non-Marathi speaking Mahanubhavas also read Sutras in Marathi and chant Marathi prayers.<br />
<br />
''Leela Charitra'' (''Lilacharitra'') is thought to be one of the earliest biographies written in Marathi language. The Lilacharaitra is the first scripture of Mahanubhava Sampradaya, it was composed by Mhaimbhat. Mhaimbhat's second important literacy creation was ''Shri Govindaprabhucharitra'' or ''Ruddhipurcharitra'', a biography of Swami's guru, Shri Govinda Prabhu, in the form of 325 deeds. This was probably written in 1288, soon after the death of Shri Prabhu.<br />
<br />
Apart from ''Lilacharitra'', Keshavaraja Suri (Keshiraja Vyasa) also known as Kesobas, collected Chakradhara's aphoristic Vachana or actually spoken words, known as ''Siddhanta Sutrapatha''. Keshavaraja Suri translated the "deeds" from ''Lilacharitra'' into Sanskrit in his work called ''Ratnamala''. His another work is ''Drushtantapatha'' which was composed in 1280 CE, similarly he has also written a Sanskrit version of it known as ''Drushtantastotram''. Nagadevacharya as the first chief [[acharya]] of Sampradaya, encouraged many of his disciples and companions to compose treatise on the teachings of Sarvajna Chakradhara. memoirs of Nagadeva were compiled by Narendra, Malobas and Parasrambas in 1312 CE, they are known as ''Smrutisthala''. Baidevabas wrote ''Pujavasara'' which describes the daily routine of Chakradhara.<br />
<br />
In this manner, the seven works have been written, which are known as ''Sati Grantha'' and they are accepted by the follower of the sect. These works and their writers are:<br />
# Narendra : Rukminiswayamvara (1292 CE)<br />
# Bhāskarabhatta Borikar : Shishupalavadha (1312 CE)<br />
# Bhāskarabhatta Borikar : Uddhavagita (1313 CE) <br />
# Damodara Pandita : Vachhaharana (1316 CE)<br />
# Ravalobas : Sahyadrivarnana (1353 CE)<br />
# Narobas Bahahaliye : Ruddhipurvarnana (1418 CE)<br />
# Vishwanatha Balapurkar : Jnanaprabodha (1418 CE)<br />
<br />
Narendra and his brothers, Sala and Nrusinha were the court poets of [[Ramachandra of Devagiri|Ramadevarao Yadava]].<ref>V. B. Kolte, Rukminiswayamvara (रुक्मिणीस्वयंवर), Arun Prakashan, Malkapur, 1966, p.9.</ref> Damodara Pandita and Bhaskarabhatta Borikar (Kavishwarabas) were one of the earliest Mahanubhava poets. Mahadamba (also known as Mahadaisa) was the leading woman poet of Sampradaya and is considered as first known woman poet in Marathi language of the 13th century. Mahanubhava poetry is rich of various styles and metres. Many Mahanubhava poets have composed their works in Sanskrit as well.<br />
<br />
During the later period, Hayagrivacharya wrote ''Gadyaraja'' based on the 'Dashama Skandha' of [[Bhagavata Purana|Bhagavata]]. Pandita Bhishmamuni wrote the oldest available grammar of Old Marathi language known as ''Panchavartika'' in the 14th century. Nyayabas wrote ''Hetusthala'' (purpose of the deeds) on ''Lilacharitra'' and Bhishmacharya Vaindeshkar wrote ''Niruktashesha'' describing Prasanga Mahatmya in ''Lilacharitra'' during the second half of the 14th century. Itineraries like ''Sthanapothi'' and ''Tirthamalika'' were composed between 14th and 15th centuries. A Gujarati acharya called Gurjara Shivabas compiled 3 commentaries on Siddhanta Sutrapatha during the 15th century; their names are ''Acharasthala'', ''Vicharasthala'' and ''Lakshanasthala''. He also wrote ''Mahavakyaprameya'' and ''Thorli Prasadaseva''. Songobas (Sangapala), nephew of Gurjara Shivabas wrote ''Anvayasthala'' describing the history of Mahanubhava tradition till his era with the help of Siddhante Haribas. Medieval Mahanubhava writers composed many prose works and philosophical texts in Marathi language. Chalhana, one of the most prominent Mahanubhava writers of 15th century wrote the masterpieces like ''Sattvanuvada'', ''Jnanaprakasha'' and ''Shastrasambodhini Tika''. His disciple Nrusinha Pandita wrote ''Sanketagita''. Anantamuni Karanjkar aka Aemuni, who was from Kavishwar Amnaya (lineage) composed most celebrated Vruddhachara (reminiscences) of Sampradaya. Further, many Mahanubhava philosophers wrote commentaries on Siddhanta Sutrapatha like Vishwanathabas Bidkar wrote ''Acharaband'', Avadhutamuni Vaindeshkar wrote ''Vicharaband'' and Dattaraja Marathe wrote ''Lakshanaband''.<br />
<br />
Krushnamuni Dimbha was the prominent Mahanubhava poet of the 16th century. He wrote ''Phaltan Mahatmya'', which describes the biography of Chakrapani Prabhu. His other works include ''Sadhanamrutasotra'' and ''Bhagvadgita Mahatmya''. He also composed several verses praising the Panchakrishnas in various metres. Chakrapani Vyasa wrote ''Drushtantasthala'' and ''Nityadini Lilastotra'' during the late 16th century. He was a Saraswat Brahmin from [[Rajasthan]], he took initiation from an acharya of Bidkar Amnaya and then settled at Ruddhipur. Other important poets of the 16th century were Lakshadhira, Murarimalla, Navarasa Narayana and Elhana. Lakshadhira's works are ''Jnanadarpana'', ''Jnanamartanda'' and ''Maharashtra Kavyadipika''. His ''Maharashtra Kavyadipika'' is a monumental work. It describes various poetic metres of Marathi and types of [[Ovi (poetry)|Ovi]], the most prevalent metre in Marathi. Murarimalla wrote ''Darshanaprakasha''. Navarasa Narayana composed [[Mahabharata]] in Marathi. But unfortunately, only one chapter of his work is available today. Elhana's works include ''Shrikrushna Ashta Swayamvara'' (''Athai Sainvare'') and ''Balakrida''. ''Ashta Swayamvara'' describes the episodes of eight marriages in the life of Shri Krishna and ''Balakrida'' describes about childhood pranks of his life. A [[Islam|Muslim]] acharya named Shahmuni wrote a treatise called ''Siddhantabodha'' in the 18th century for elucidating the principles of Mahanubhava philosophy.<ref name="Deshpande">{{cite book |author= Yashwant Khushal Deshpande |title= Mahanubhaviya Marathi Vangamaya (महानुभावीय मराठी वाङ्मय) |url=https://archive.org/details/mahanubhaviyamar025353mbp |year=1916 |publisher=Vidarbha Sahitya Sangh |isbn=978-1179081137 |pages=30–100}}</ref><br />
<br />
Mahanubhava writers also composed many works in [[Hindi]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] languages. Nagraj Vyas, Vidhichandra Sharma and Gaurswami are some of the important Mahanubhava writers of North India during the medieval age. Hariraj Mahatma 'Musafir', Chakradhari Bezar, Gopirajbaba Mahanubhav and Mukundraj Mahanubhav etc. were prolific North Indian Mahanubhava writers during British era.<br />
<br />
Mahanubhavas created many code-scripts like 'Sakala Lipi', 'Sundari Lipi', 'Shunya Lipi', 'Aankapallavi Lipi' etc. to protect and preserve their literature.<br />
<br />
Mahanubhava poets have written numerous prayers and psalms devoted to the Pancha Krishna Avatara (5 incarnations) in Marathi, Sanskrit and other languages.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
Mahanubhava doctrine originated during the late 12th century. Chakradhara was the first preceptor who organized the separate denomination called Mahanubhava on the basis of its doctrine.<ref name="Dhere">R. C. Dhere, Chakrapani, Vishwakarma Sahityalay, 1977, pp. 211-213</ref><br />
<br />
Nagadevacharya systematized the tradition of disciples in Mahanubhava Sampradaya after Chakradhara. He initiated several disciples to upbuild the sampradya. During the period of Nagadeva, many followers joined the Sampradaya.<ref name="Indian History"/><br />
<br />
Acharya Munivyasa established many temples and shrines of Mahanubhava Sampradaya in Maharashtra during the early 15th century. Munivyasa was originally a [[Veerashaiva]] from [[Telangana]], his original name was Kamalakara Ayachita Kothi. He left his former faith, entered in Mahanubhava Sampradaya and became disciple of Tapasvini Mhalaisa from Kumar Amnaya. It's recorded in texts like ''Kumar Vansaval'' by Raghava Kavi and ''Paithancha Vruddhachara'' that [[Bahmani]] Sultan [[Ahmad Shah I Wali|Ahmed Shah Wali]] provided financial support to Munivyasa for constructing the shrines.<ref>Kunda Chaudhari (1982) Mahanubhavanchi Pujasthananirmiti. In V. B. Kolte, Nagrajbaba Mahanubhav, Y. M. Pathan and P. C. Nagpure (eds.). Shrichakradhara Darshana (श्रीचक्रधर दर्शन), Maharashtra Rajya Sahitya Sanskruti Mandal. pp. 400-406</ref><br />
<br />
Mahanubhava Sampradaya has remained a flourishing religious sect in Maharashtra till date. It has millions of followers in Maharashtra, particularly in [[Vidarbha]], [[Marathwada]] and [[Khandesh]] regions.<br />
<br />
Mahanubhava Pantha followers worship Lord Krishna and other 4 gods namely [[Dattatreya]](one-headed), Chakrapani, Govinda Prabhu and Sarvajna Shri Chakradhara. <br />
<br />
# Dattatreya – Avatara of [[Treta Yuga]]. Son of [[Atri]] and [[Anasuya]]. Dattatreya is considered as initial inspiration for the Mahanubhava doctrine.<br />
# Krishna – Avatara in [[Dvapara Yuga]]. Supreme form of Paramesvara. He preached Bhagavad Gita to [[Arjuna]].<br />
# Chakrapani (Prabhu) – According to the Mahanubhava doctrine, he is the first Avatara of Paramesvara in [[Kali Yuga]]. Born at Phaltan in 1121 CE to a [[Karhade Brahmin]] family. His Father was named Janakanayaka and mother Janakaisa. Dattatreya transmitted initiation to him when he was at Mahur. He then lived in [[Dvaraka]] for 37 years. He gave divine knowledge to 52 purushas. Govinda Prabhu was his foremost disciple.<br />
# Govinda Prabhu – He is considered as second Avatara in Kaliyuga. Govinda Prabhu was born on Bhadrapada Shukla Trayodashi, 1187 CE at Katsur, [[Amravati District|Amravati]] in a [[Kanva Shakha|Kanva Brahmin]] family. His father was named Anantanayaka and mother Nemaisa. Shri Chakradhar Swami was disciple of him. He lived in Ruddhapur, Amravati district. Mahanubhav believe that he is still alive.<br />
# Sarvajna Shri Chakradhara Prabhu – Final Avatara in Kaliyuga. He is regarded as an incarnation of Krishna. Mahanubhava believe that Chakradhara is still alive in Badarikashrama, Himalayas.<br />
<br />
Krishnaraj aka Krishnamuni, a [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] trader of [[Khatri]] caste from [[Kot Sarang]], was the first preacher of Mahanubhava Pantha in Northern India. He was born in the 15th century. He used to visit Berar (Varhad) for his business, there he met Madheraj Buwa from Kavishwar Amnaya and became his disciple. His colleagues and disciples like Santraj and Vidhichandra Sharma activated the dissemination of Mahanubhava doctrine in Punjab. Mahanubhava Pantha soon became well established in Northern India during 16th to 17th century. Mahanubhavas had set up many temples, mathas, pathashalas in Punjab, [[Upper Doab]], [[Kangra Valley|Kangra]], [[Kashmir]], [[North-West Frontier Province|Northwest Frontiers]] and as far as [[Kabul]] and [[Kandahar]] in [[Afghanistan]].<ref name="Deshpande"/> Majority of Mahanubhavas migrated to India after the partition of India. Still the major cities in North India like [[Delhi]], [[Amritsar]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Ludhiana]], [[Hoshiarpur]], [[Jalandhar]], [[Pathankot]], [[Jammu]], [[Ambala]], [[Saharanpur]], [[Meerut]], [[Solan]] etc. have many Mahanubhava temples and mathas with thousands of followers. Mahanubhava temples are also located at the important holy sites related to Krishna such as [[Dvaraka]], [[Mathura]], and [[Kurukshetra]].<br />
<br />
==Publications==<br />
The Mahanubhava Panth publishes ''Mahanubhav Sandesh'', a newspaper in Marathi and Hindi languages. There are plans to eventual expand the publication to an English edition.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mahanubhavsandesh.com/Pages/Default.aspx |title=Mahanubhava Sandesh website |access-date=2015-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530204241/http://mahanubhavsandesh.com/Pages/Default.aspx |archive-date=2015-05-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://dandvat.com/history/|title=History of Mahanubhava via Dandvat.Com|date=31 December 2015}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00zt235|title=BBC Radio 4 - In Our Time, The Bhagavad Gita}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* {{citation|title=Medieval Indian Literature Volume 2|author=Ayyappappanikkar |publisher=Sahitya Academy|year=1997|isbn=81-260-0365-0 }}<br />
* {{citation|title=Sarvdnya|author=B.B.Gaikwad |publisher=Shrikrushna Prakashan|year=2004 }}<br />
* {{citation|title=A History of Indian Literature, 500-1399: From Courtly to Popular|author=Sisir kumar Das |publisher=Sahitya Academy|year=2005|isbn=81-260-2171-3 }}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mahanubhava sect| ]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu philosophy]]<br />
[[Category:Hinduism in Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Sects that require vegetarianism]]<br />
[[Category:Bhakti-era Hindu sects]]<br />
[[Category:Krishnaite Vaishnava denominations]]<br />
[[Category:Sant Mat]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu monasticism]]<br />
[[Category:Anti-caste movements]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thacholi_Othenan_(film)&diff=540146Thacholi Othenan (film)2026-03-04T09:23:01Z<p>RenaldoParadis: done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Thacholi Othenan<br />
| image = Thacholi Othenan (film).jpg<br />
| caption = Poster<br />
| native_name = <!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --><br />
| director = S. S. Rajan<br />
| writer = P. K. Sarangapani<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/Malayalam-cinemas-Sarangapani-is-no-more/article15124901.ece|title=Malayalam cinema's Sarangapani is no more|date=2 February 2011|work=[[The Hindu]]|author=Dennis Marcus Mathew|access-date=30 August 2022|archive-date=30 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830054021/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/Malayalam-cinemas-Sarangapani-is-no-more/article15124901.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| screenplay = <br />
| story = <br />
| based_on = <!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --><br />
| producer = T. K. Pareekutty<br />
| starring = [[Sathyan (Malayalam actor)|Sathyan]]<br />
| narrator = <br />
| cinematography = [[A. Vincent]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/guiding-light-of-malayalam-cinema/article6936773.ece|title=Guiding light of Malayalam cinema|date=27 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|author=C. S. Venkiteswaran|access-date=30 August 2022|archive-date=26 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226122235/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/guiding-light-of-malayalam-cinema/article6936773.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| editing = <br />
| music = [[M. S. Baburaj]]<br />
| studio = Chandratara Productions<br />
| distributor = <!-- or: | distributors = --><br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1964|1|31}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Malayalam<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
'''''Thacholi Othenan ''''' is a 1964 Indian Malayalam-language [[historical drama]] film directed by S. S. Rajan and starring [[Sathyan (Malayalam actor)|Sathyan]] in the [[Vadakkan Pattukal|title role]]. The film won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam]] for the year 1964.<br />
<br />
It was followed by ''[[Othenante Makan]]'' (1970) and ''[[Kadathanadan Ambadi]]'' (1990).<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
*[[Sathyan (Malayalam actor)|Sathyan]] as Thacholi Othenan<br />
*[[P. J. Antony]] as Kathiroor Gurukkal<br />
*[[Ambika Sukumaran]] as Kunki<br />
*Devaki as Kunhikanni<br />
*[[Adoor Bhasi]] as Ambu<br />
*Kunhandy as Chaappan<br />
*[[Sukumari]] as Unniyarcha<br />
*[[Kottayam Chellappan]] as Payyanadan Chindan<br />
*Master Prasad as Kunhambadi<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
Music by [[M. S. Baburaj]]. The song "Anjanakkannezhuthi" written by [[P. Bhaskaran]] and sung by [[S. Janaki]] was well received.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/the-master-of-simple-lines/article6935249.ece|title=The master of simple lines|author=P. K. Ajith Kumar|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 February 2015|access-date=30 August 2022|archive-date=30 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830054022/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/the-master-of-simple-lines/article6935249.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/I-have-sung-enough-S.-Janaki/article14646224.ece|title=I have sung enough: S. Janaki|author=P. K. Ajith Kumar|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 September 2016|access-date=30 August 2022|archive-date=30 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830054021/https://www.thehindu.com/news/I-have-sung-enough-S.-Janaki/article14646224.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> A writer called the film's verses "evocative".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/vr-sudheeshs-book-dedicated-to-romantic-songs-from-malayalam-movies/article17946568.ece|title=Waxing lyrical about romance|author=Athira M.|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=13 April 2017|access-date=30 August 2022|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010912/https://www.thehindu.com/books/vr-sudheeshs-book-dedicated-to-romantic-songs-from-malayalam-movies/article17946568.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
*'Anjanakkannezhuthi' ([[S. Janaki]])<br />
* ‘Appam Venam Ada Venam,' (P. Leela-Santha P. Nair)<br />
* ‘Kanni Nilavathu' (Leela)<br />
*‘Kottum Njaan Kettilla' (Leela & chorus)<br />
* ‘Nallola Painkili' (Leela & chorus)<br />
* ‘Naavulla Veenayanu' (K. P. Udayabhanu)<br />
* ‘Ezhimala Kaadukali' (Leela & chorus)<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
In a review of the film for ''[[The Hindu]]'' in 2012, B. Vijayakumar wrote that the film would be remembered "its excellent music and one of the best films in the popular ‘vadakkan paattu' genre".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Thacholi-Othenan-1964/article13386206.ece|title=Thacholi Othenan (1964)|first=B.|last=Vijayakumar|date=29 January 2012|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=30 August 2022|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026055539/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Thacholi-Othenan-1964/article13386206.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Sathyan's portrayal of Othenan was one of his landmark performances.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-indomitable-sathyan/article4077870.ece|title=The indomitable Sathyan|author=C. S. Venkiteswaran|date=8 November 2012|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=30 August 2022|archive-date=9 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009195033/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-indomitable-sathyan/article4077870.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-original-super-star/article5582174.ece|title=The original super star|author=Baiju Chandran|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=16 January 2014|access-date=30 August 2022|archive-date=14 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814010858/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-original-super-star/article5582174.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Malayalam}}<br />
[[Category:Indian historical drama films]]<br />
[[Category:1964 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Best Malayalam Feature Film National Film Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film series]]<br />
[[Category:Malayalam films in series]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Insaaf_Ki_Awaaz&diff=474587Insaaf Ki Awaaz2026-03-03T23:45:53Z<p>RenaldoParadis: add intro also and improved wording</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|1986 film by D. Ramanaidu}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Insaaf Ki Awaaz<br />
| image = Insaaf Ki Awaaz.jpg<br />
| caption = Movie poster<br />
| director = [[B. Gopal]]<br />
| producer = [[D. Rama Naidu]]<br />
| writer = <br />
| starring = [[Rekha]]<br />[[Anil Kapoor]]<br />[[Richa Sharma (actor)|Richa Sharma]]<br />[[Raj Babbar]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|1986|11|14|df=y}}<br />
| cinematography = <br />
| editing = <br />
| music = [[Bappi Lahiri]]<br />
| studio = [[Suresh Productions]]<br />
| distributor = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| runtime = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Insaaf Ki Awaaz''''' ({{Translation|The Voice of Justice}}) is a 1986 Indian Hindi-language [[action film]] directed by [[B. Gopal]] and produced by [[D. Rama Naidu]] under the banner of [[Suresh Productions]]. It stars [[Rekha]], [[Anil Kapoor]], [[Richa Sharma (actor)|Richa Sharma]], and [[Raj Babbar]]. The music director of the film was [[Bappi Lahiri]].<ref name=Cast>{{cite web|title=Insaaf Ki Awaz Cast & Crew|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534925|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414212719/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534925|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 April 2012|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Insaaf Ki Awaaz (1986 - Hindi)|url=http://www.gomolo.com/insaaf-ki-awaaz-movie/5941|publisher=Gomolo}}</ref> The film was a remake of [[Telugu film]] ''Pratidhwani'' (1986), also directed by B. Gopal.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
*[[Rekha]] as Inspector Jhansi Rani<br />
*[[Anil Kapoor]] as Ravi Kumar<br />
*[[Richa Sharma (actress)|Richa Sharma]] as Renu<br />
*[[Raj Babbar]] as Chandrashekhar Azaad<br />
*[[Kader Khan]] as Chaurangilal Domukhiya<br />
*[[Anupam Kher]] as Kailashnath<br />
*[[Roopesh Kumar]] as Mahendranath<br />
*[[Gulshan Grover]] as Vikram Domukhiya<br />
*[[Tej Sapru]] as Harinath<br />
*[[Shafi Inamdar]] as Sanyasi Raja<br />
*[[Pallavi Joshi]] as Jyoti Azaad<br />
*[[Nilu Phule]] as Balwant Azaad<br />
*[[Sushma Seth]] as Mrs Balwant Azaad<br />
*[[Asrani]] as Murli<br />
*[[Jagdeep]] as Constable Kanhaiya<br />
*[[Parikshit Sahni]] as Police Commissioner Siddharth Sinha<br />
*[[Mohan Choti]] as Shankar<br />
*[[Manmohan Krishna]] as Judge Narang<br />
*[[Surya (Telugu actor)|Surya]] as Vikram's friend<br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
The music was composed by [[Bappi Lahiri]], while the lyrics were penned by Indeevar.<br />
<br />
===Songs===<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:92%;"<br />
! Song !! Singer<br />
|-<br />
| "Insaaf Ki Awaaz"-1<br />
| [[Kishore Kumar]]<br />
|-<br />
| "Insaaf Ki Awaaz"-2<br />
| [[Kishore Kumar]]<br />
|-<br />
| "Radha Pyar De" <br />
| [[Kishore Kumar]], [[S. Janaki]]<br />
|-<br />
| "Pyar Pyar Pyar" <br />
| [[Mohammed Aziz]], [[S. Janaki]]<br />
|-<br />
| "Love in the Rain" <br />
| [[Bappi Lahiri]], [[S. Janaki]]<br />
|-<br />
| "Koi Bhi Na Kaam Adhura Karo" <br />
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]] <br />
|- <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0091267}}<br />
<br />
{{B. Gopal}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian action films]]<br />
[[Category:1986 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1986 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by B. Gopal]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Bappi Lahiri]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Telugu films]]<br />
[[Category:1986 action films]]<br />
[[Category:1986 films]]<br />
[[Category:Suresh Productions films]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{1980s-Hindi-film-stub}}</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ambada_Njaane!&diff=466834Ambada Njaane!2026-03-03T20:54:17Z<p>RenaldoParadis: expanded intro as per guidelines</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|1985 film}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Ambada Njaane!<br />
| image = <br />
<br />
| caption = <br />
| director = [[Antony Eastman]]<br />
| producer = M.S.Ravi ''for'' Ramya Productions<br />
| writer = [[Nedumudi Venu]]<br />
| screenplay = [[Antony Eastman]]<br />
| starring = [[Shankar (actor)|Shankar]]<br>[[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]]<br>[[Nedumudi Venu]]<br>[[Thilakan]]<br>[[KPAC Lalitha]]<br>[[Lalu Alex]]<br>[[Kunchan (actor)|Kunchan]]<br>[[Paravoor Bharathan]]<br />
| music = [[M. K. Arjunan]]<br />
| cinematography = [[Vipin Mohan]]<br />
| editing = G Murali<br />
| studio = <br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|1985}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Malayalam<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Ambada Njaane!''''' is a 1985 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film, directed by [[Antony Eastman]] and produced by M.S.Ravi for Ramya Productions. The film stars [[Shankar (actor)|Shankar]], [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]], [[Nedumudi Venu]], [[Thilakan]] and [[KPAC Lalitha]] in lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1726|title=Ambada Njaane! Film Details|publisher=malayalachalachithram|accessdate=19 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ambada Njaane-Malayalam Super Hit Full Movie-Shankar&Sumalatha| date=14 October 2014 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rTSxx4jqzL0|publisher=youtube|accessdate=8 June 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Ambadanjaane.png|left|thumb|''Drunken'' Actors [[Thilakan]], [[Shankar (actor)|Shankar]] and [[Nedumudi Venu]] in a scene from '''Ambada Njaane!''']] --><br />
*[[Shankar (actor)|Shankar]] as Kutti Krishnan<br />
*[[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]] as Devayani<br />
*[[Nedumudi Venu]] Kutty Krishnan's grandfather <br />
*[[Thilakan]] as Padmanabhan aka Pappan <br />
*[[KPAC Lalitha]] as Ammini, Kutty Krishnan' mother <br />
*[[Lalu Alex]] as Peethambaran<br />
*[[Kunchan (actor)|Kunchan]] as Arjunan, Devayani's brother <br />
*[[Paravoor Bharathan]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|1552975}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1985 films]]<br />
[[Category:1985 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1985 Indian films]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_(2013_film)&diff=522957Once Upon a Time (2013 film)2026-03-03T20:44:17Z<p>RenaldoParadis: Info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Once Upon A Time<br />
| image = <br />
| director = [[Binu Sasidharan]]<br />
| writer = Anil Perumbalam<br />
| starring = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[Salim Kumar]]<br />
* [[Mala Aravindan]]<br />
}}<br />
| producer = {{Plainlist|<br />
* Antony K. L.<br />
* Vipin Selvaraj<br />
* Manu V. Mathews<br />
}}<br />
| music = [[Bijibal]]<br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|05|24}}<br />
| runtime = 100 minutes<ref name="hindu">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/adventures-of-rahul/article4742599.ece|title=Adventures of Rahul|work=The Hindu|first=Sooraj|last=Rajmohan|date=23 May 2013|access-date=5 May 2014}}</ref><br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Malayalam<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Once Upon A Time''''' is a 2013 [[Malayalam]] animated film, directed by [[Binu Sasidharan]] and starring [[Salim Kumar]] and [[Mala Aravindan]]. Released on 24 May 2013, it is the first animated feature film to be produced in the Malayalam language, and it is Binu's first feature film, opting for a wide theatrical release rather than through domestic release as with his previous works.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
A sage gives Rahul a book containing various chants and spells. When Rahul reads the book, he is enchanted by a magic king and is magically transported with his doll, Kunjan, to a new world which mirrors the existence of the magic kingdom. Rahul is puzzled and decides to try to discern where he and Kunjan have been transported. During his investigations, he becomes entangled in a great conflict between the evil forces of the Black Magician and a power-hungry minister. Throughout the film, it becomes clear that Rahul must be the one to save the magic kingdom from these villains.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
* [[Salim Kumar]] as the Cunning Minister<br />
* [[Mala Aravindan]] as Sage<br />
* [[Machan Varghese]] as Kandakan<br />
* Narayankutty as Jamandakan<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
''Once Upon A Time'' is the first Indian film to use animated models of real actors. [[Salim Kumar]] and [[Mala Aravindan]] were cast to play the voices of the lead roles. ''Once Upon a Time'' is the second regional language animated film to be created in India, the first being Hindi. In making the movie, director Binu Sasidharan stated that his intent in releasing the film to cinemas was to "make something new and relatable to children".<ref name="hindu"/><br />
<br />
The film was produced by FX3 Productions in association with VIPs International. The developers opted to use gaming technology rather than conventional software for the movie, using applications produced by [[Daz 3D]] and [[iClone]] software for character modelling and animation.<ref name="express">{{cite web|url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/Once-upon-a-time.../2013/04/22/article1555241.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209154832/http://newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/Once-upon-a-time.../2013/04/22/article1555241.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 December 2013|title=Once upon a time...|work=New Indian Express|first=Pavarthy|last=Nambidi|date=22 April 2013|access-date=5 May 2014}}</ref> The screenplay was written by Anil Perumbalam. Music director [[Bijibal]] composed five songs for the film as well as the original background score. The five songs were performed by [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]], [[Shweta Mohan]] and Rajesh Ravindran, with lyrics written by Dr. Valsala Vijayana and Anil Perumbalam.<ref name="hindu"/><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Indian animation industry]]<br />
* [[List of Indian animated feature films]]<br />
* [[List of Malayalam films of 2013]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2013 films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian animated films]]<br />
[[Category:2013 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2013 in Indian cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Indian animated fantasy films]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kirumi&diff=452937Kirumi2026-03-03T03:33:39Z<p>RenaldoParadis: quick update</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2015 Indian film by Anucharan}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Kirumi<br />
| image = Kirumi poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Poster<br />
| director = [[Anucharan Murugaiyan|Anucharan]]<br />
| producer = {{unbulleted list|K. Jayaram|L. Prithiviraj|M. Jayaraman|S. Rajendran}}<br />
| writer = {{unbulleted list|[[M. Manikandan]]|[[Anucharan Murugaiyan|Anucharan]]}}<br />
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Kathir (actor)|Kathir]]|[[Reshmi Menon]]|[[Charle]]}}<br />
| music = [[K (Indian composer)|K]]<br />
| cinematography = Arul Vincent<br />
| editing = [[Anucharan Murugaiyan|Anucharan]]<br />
| studio = JPR Films<ref name="behindwoods.com">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2015 |title=Kirumi (aka) Kirumi photos stills & images |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/kirumi/kirumi-photos-pictures-stills.html#.VeVqzX0508J |access-date=2016-12-19 |website=Behindwoods.com}}</ref><br />
| distributor = [[Escape Artists Motion Pictures]]<ref name="EA Distrib">{{Cite web |date=24 September 2015 |title=TOP 10 ALBUMS #10.TOP 10 ALBUMS |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/kirumi/kirumi-top-ten-songs-naanal-poovaai-sep-24.html |access-date=2016-12-19 |website=Behindwoods.com}}</ref><br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|09|24}}<br />
| runtime = 104 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Kirumi''''' ({{translation|Germ}}) is a 2015 [[India]]n [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[thriller film]] written, directed and edited by [[Anucharan Murugaiyan|Anucharan]] in his debut feature.<ref name="The Hindu 1">{{Cite news |last=Raghavan |first=Nikhil |date=23 January 2015 |title=Etcetera |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/etcetera/article6812700.ece |access-date=10 September 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2015 |title=Kirumi Tamil Movie - Preview, Trailers, Gallery, Review, Events, Synopsis |url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/16117/tamil/kirumi/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129043912/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/16117/tamil/kirumi/index.htm |archive-date=29 January 2018 |access-date=1 September 2015 |website=[[Now Running]]}}</ref> The film is co-written by M. Manikandan and produced by JPR Films, and stars [[Kathir (actor)|Kathir]] and [[Reshmi Menon]]. [[K (Indian composer)|K]] composed the music and Arul Vincent, was the cinematographer. It released on 24 September 2015.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
Kathir is a selfish youth in search of a job. Despite being married and having a child, he is waiting for a job offer that he feels meets his standards. Meanwhile, his wife Anitha is the breadwinner of the family. Prabhakar, a friendly neighbour who acts as his father figure, gets him a job as an informant with the less than honest local police inspector. Kathir uses this opportunity to take revenge against the violent bar owner who humiliated him in front of his friends, despite Prabhakar's advice. With his tip-off, the police raids the bar and arrests the owner for running an illegal gambling den as a side business. One night, Prabhakar is murdered by a group of thugs while scared Kathir runs for his life. Suspecting that Prabhakar was murdered because he too was an informant, Kathir starts becoming paranoid. Eventually, he comes to realize that the inspector he is working for is now collaborating with the bar owner after being promised a large sum of money as commission in return for permission to run their illegal businesses. Since Kathir is the only witness for most of the inspector's corrupt activities, the inspector has the bar owner send his thugs to kill Kathir too. However, the inspector eventually feels sorry for Kathir and allows him to live as long as he stays silent about all the underground operations being carried out by the local police station. In the end, Kathir takes up a low-paying but proper job at his wife's garment factory and earns an honest living.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
* [[Kathir (actor)|Kathir]] as Kathir<br />
* [[Reshmi Menon]] as Anitha<br />
* [[Charle]] as Prabhakar<br />
* [[Yogi Babu]]<br />
* [[G. Marimuthu]] as Mathiarasu<br />
* [[Thennavan (actor)|Thennavan]] as Club Owner<br />
* [[Vanitha Krishnachandran]] as Anitha's mother<br />
* David Solomon Raja as Soundarapandian<br />
* [[Sai Dheena]] as Shankar<br />
* Sathya as Sathya<br />
* Tamilselvi as Gayathri Prabhakar<br />
* Thanjai Mahendran<br />
* Vijayamuthu<br />
* [[Vinod Sagar]]<br />
* [[Supergood Subramani]]<br />
* Mohan<br />
* Ravi Venkatraman<br />
* Gemini Mani<br />
{{colend}}<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
Anucharan, a director of several short films, music videos and television shows in Australia, had come to Chennai for his sister's wedding, when M. Manikandan, the director of ''[[Kaaka Muttai]]'' and a close friend of him, and composer [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], encouraged him to make a Tamil film, after hearing the script of ''Kirumi''.<ref name="ie">{{Cite news |date=2014-09-29 |title='I Aim to Make Simple Movies' |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/I-Aim-to-Make-Simple-Movies/2014/09/29/article2453724.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929201200/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/I-Aim-to-Make-Simple-Movies/2014/09/29/article2453724.ece |archive-date=29 September 2014 |access-date=2016-12-19 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> Manikandan introduced Anucharan to Jayaraman, a former assistant, who had worked with actor [[Rajinikanth]] for 24 years and who decided to produce the venture along with his friends Prithiviraj and Rajendran as he liked the script since it was "contemporary" and had a message for society.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajinikanth's 'super' advice to his former assistant |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150915/entertainment-kollywood/article/rajinikanth%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%98super%E2%80%99-advice-his-former-assistant |access-date=2016-12-19 |website=Deccanchronicle.com}}</ref> Following G. V. Prakash Kumar's suggestion, [[Kathir (actor)|Kathir]] was cast as the protagonist of ''Kirumi'', who had also been part of Prakash Kumar's debut production ''[[Madha Yaanai Koottam]]''.<ref name = ie/> Despite the film being titled ''Kirumi'' (eng. ''Virus''), Kathir said that the film would not deal with a virus or natural disasters but that it was a "realistic film that deals with the life of an ordinary youngster and how certain incidents change his course of life",<ref name="south">{{Cite web |title=KIRUMI – A NEWFANGLED ATTEMPT IN TAMIL CINEMA &#124; Southscope.in |url=http://www.southscope.in/tamil/news/kirumi-%E2%80%93-newfangled-attempt-tamil-cinema |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109081023/http://www.southscope.in/tamil/news/kirumi-%E2%80%93-newfangled-attempt-tamil-cinema |archive-date=9 January 2015 |access-date=17 January 2022 |website=www.southscope.in}}</ref> while its director Anucharan added that the film had elements of a [[psychological thriller]].<ref name="New Indian Express 1" /> He further informed that it was based on something he saw when he "was roaming on the streets of [[Chennai]]".<ref name = ie/><br />
<br />
[[Reshmi Menon]] signed on to portray the female lead in the film, although she was initially apprehensive as she felt that the role—a typical North Madras woman, sporting a "no-makeup" look and talking "proper Tamil"—was "very much outside my comfort zone".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-09-23 |title=Reshmi Menon Goes De-glam |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Reshmi-Menon-Goes-De-glam/2015/09/23/article3041986.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928043433/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Reshmi-Menon-Goes-De-glam/2015/09/23/article3041986.ece |archive-date=28 September 2015 |access-date=2016-12-19 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> David Solomon Raja, who had appeared in several television serials and as a police officer in ''[[Kaththi]]'', was reported to have played a major role in the film.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Acting schools: Who's attending these classes? |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/acting-schools-what-does-it-take-to-enter-cinema/article7625082.ece |access-date=2016-12-19 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Arul Vincent, a former associate of [[P. C. Sreeram]], was signed to handle the cinematography.<ref name = south/><br />
<br />
90 per cent of the film was filmed in Chennai while some shooting had taken place in [[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]] and [[Kovalam]]. In September 2014, Anucharan spoke with ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' and shared that "now it has been six months and ''Kirumi'' is almost complete."<ref name="India West 1">{{Cite news |last=[[The New Indian Express]] staff |date=29 September 2014 |title=Anucharan: 'Kirumi' is realistic drama with Psychological Thriller Elements |url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/south_indian/anucharan-kirumi-is-realistic-drama-with-psychological-thriller-elements/article_d3529f1e-4839-11e4-aff0-77b6e8dabcac.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930171150/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/south_indian/anucharan-kirumi-is-realistic-drama-with-psychological-thriller-elements/article_d3529f1e-4839-11e4-aff0-77b6e8dabcac.html |archive-date=30 September 2014 |access-date=10 September 2014 |publisher=India West}}</ref> It was announced in January 2015 that filming was complete and the project had moved into [[post production]].<ref name="New Indian Express 1">{{Cite news |last=Express features staff |date=15 January 2015 |title=Kirumi Shooting Complete |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Kirumi-Shooting-Complete/2015/01/15/article2619672.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210023936/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Kirumi-Shooting-Complete/2015/01/15/article2619672.ece |archive-date=10 February 2015 |access-date=10 September 2015 |publisher=[[New Indian Express]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Kirumi<br />
| type = soundtrack<br />
| artist = [[K (Indian composer)|K]]<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = 22 July 2015<br />
| recorded =<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 21:08<br />
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br />
| label = [[Think Music India]]<br />
| producer = K<br />
| prev_title = [[Kallappadam]]<br />
| prev_year = 2015<br />
| next_title = [[Kammatipaadam]]<br />
| next_year = 2016<br />
}}<br />
<br />
''Kirumi'''s music was composed by [[K (Indian composer)|K]]. The soundtrack album features six tracks, sung by composer [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], [[Gana Bala]], [[Yazin Nizar]], Janani S. V. and K himself; all lyrics were written by Gnanakaravel.<br />
<br />
Upon its July 2015 release, the soundtrack met with critical approval. Karthik Srinivasan, writing for ''[[The Hindu]]'', stated, "Composer K has been fairly consistent with his output even as the films they are part of...have been failing consistently. ''Kirumi's'' soundtrack is almost a comeback of sorts for K as he delivers a brilliant collection akin to the sound of [[Santhosh Narayanan]]. Topping the soundtrack is "Naanal Poovaai" that has a curiously ethereal sound (which becomes more evident and interesting in the karaoke version) and K uses the vocal interplay between himself and Janani to beautiful effect".<ref name="The Hindu 2">{{Cite news |last=Srinivasa |first=Karthik |date=1 August 2015 |title='Naanal Poovaai', Kirumi (Tamil) |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/hitman/article7489162.ece |access-date=10 September 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Musicaloud.com gave a score of 8.5 out of 10 and similarly wrote that the music had "something of a Santhosh Narayanan/[[Sean Roldan]] type quality to it", but went on to add that it was not "a matter to complain about" and that the soundtrack "definitely ranks among K's top works".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-26 |title=Kirumi - Music Review (Tamil Movie Soundtrack) |url=http://www.musicaloud.com/2015/07/26/kirumi-music-review-tamil-movie-soundtrack/ |access-date=2016-12-19 |publisher=Music Aloud}}</ref> The score by K was also received well, with Sify writing that "the pulsating background score by K is the biggest strength of the movie; especially the intermission portion is top notch".<ref name = sify/> Silverscreen.in wrote that the score was "soulful, and amply enhances the mood of the film".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Niveda Manohar |date=2015-09-25 |title=Kirumi Review: Eyeing Greatness |url=http://silverscreen.in/tamil/reviews/kirumi-review-eyeing-greatness/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926080631/http://silverscreen.in/tamil/reviews/kirumi-review-eyeing-greatness/ |archive-date=26 September 2015 |access-date=2016-12-19 |website=Silverscreen.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = 21:08<br />
| all_lyrics = Ganakaravel<br />
<br />
| title1 = OC Soru<br />
| extra1 = [[Gana Bala]]<br />
| length1 = 2:38<br />
| title2 = Naanal Poovaai<br />
| extra2 = Janani S. V, K<br />
| length2 = 2:52<br />
| title3 = Naa Parraka<br />
| extra3 = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]<br />
| length3 = 3:35<br />
| title4 = Vaal Veesum Vazhkai<br />
| extra4 = Gana Bala<br />
| length4 = 4:55<br />
| title5 = Boom Boom Boodham<br />
| extra5 = Yazin Nizar<br />
| length5 = 4:00<br />
| title6 = Orayiram Ottaigal<br />
| extra6 = K<br />
| length6 = 3:08<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Release==<br />
[[Escape Artists Motion Pictures]] signed contract for the distribution rights for the film across India.<ref name="EA Distrib" /> ''Kirumi'' was theatrically released on 24 September 2015, coinciding with the [[Bakrid]] festival, alongside five small-budget films.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-09-26 |title=Cost-cutting in Kollywood |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/costcutting-in-kollywood-the-financial-crisis-has-necessitated-outofthebox-thinking/article7692442.ece |access-date=2016-12-19 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The film will have its international premiere at the 19th [[Toronto Reel Asian International Film Festival]], the first Tamil film to be screened there.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-19 |title=Kirumi starring Kathir to have international premiere in Toronto! |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/kirumi-starring-kathir-to-have-international-premiere-in-toronto.html |access-date=2016-12-19 |website=Behindwoods.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Critical reception===<br />
[[Baradwaj Rangan]] of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that, "Sometimes, five minutes is all it takes to know that you're in the hands of a genuine filmmaker — like Anucharan...In those five minutes, he establishes everything — tone, texture...and the fact that this is an anti hero film..., a film that goes against the grain of the traditional heroics of Tamil cinema", going on to call the film a "superb, low-key character study masquerading as a thriller".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baradwaj Rangan |date=25 September 2015 |title=Kirumi: A superb, low-key character study masquerading as a thriller |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/kirumi-a-superb-lowkey-character-study-masquerading-as-a-thriller/article7688939.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 and wrote "What makes ''Kirumi'' stand apart from other thrillers set in the backdrop of crime is its understated quality. Even when the situation offers scope to turn things into full-blown melodrama, Anucharan keeps things at a low key...and this refreshing change of pace actually keeps things interesting".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie Reviews |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Kirumi/movie-review/49099841.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref> ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' rated the film 4.5 out of 5 and wrote "For a debutant, Anucharan shows a lot of maturity as well as expertise and clearly proves to the audience that he is a new kid on the block who is worth watching".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie Review: Kirumi |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Movie-Review-Kirumi/articleshow/49095294.cms |website=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref> [[Sify]] wrote "''Kirumi'' does have an original story and a tight screenplay. Well shot, well edited and brilliantly enacted by most of the lead actors, debutant director Anucharan gives us a bunch of fully flesh-and-blood characters with whom you can quickly relate to", describing the film as "pitch perfect".<ref name="sify">{{Cite web |last=Moviebuzz |title=Kirumi Review |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kirumi-review--pjxjSsedjibig.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926001212/http://www.sify.com/movies/kirumi-review--pjxjSsedjibig.html |archive-date=26 September 2015 |website=Sify.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
Malini Mannath of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, "''Kirumi'' is an example of how a script can be worked within the parameters of commercial cinema and also can be made entertaining without losing sight of reality and reason".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malini Mannath |title=Kirumi Review: A Crime Thriller That Keeps it Real |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Kirumi-Review-A-Crime-Thriller-That-Keeps-it-Real/2015/09/26/article3047421.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927101957/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Kirumi-Review-A-Crime-Thriller-That-Keeps-it-Real/2015/09/26/article3047421.ece |archive-date=27 September 2015 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Behindwoods rated the film 2.5 out of 5 and wrote "''Kirumi'' is one of the better stories that you have come across in recent times, but its execution should have been on par with the smartness in the script" and called it a "safe one-time watch".<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2015 |title=KIRUMI MOVIE REVIEW |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/kirumi/kirumi-review.html |access-date=2016-12-19 |website=Behindwoods.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|5090220}}<br />
<br />
{{M. Manikandan}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2015 thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:2015 films]]<br />
[[Category:2015 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by K (composer)]]<br />
[[Category:2015 directorial debut films]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asthamanam&diff=488134Asthamanam2026-03-03T03:25:55Z<p>RenaldoParadis: Stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2012 Indian film by Bandi Saroj Kumar}}<br />
{{No plot|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Asthamanam poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Bandi Saroj Kumar]]<br />
| writer = Bandi Saroj Kumar<br />
| screenplay = <br />
| story = <br />
| producer = C. Sudhir Reddy<br />S. Siva Rajasekhar<br />
| starring = {{plainlist|<br />
*Rajesh IS<br />
*Rajesh Kanagasabai<br />
*Sharan<br />
*Victoria<br />
*Sri Vidya<br />
*Raghu<br />
}}<br />
| narrator = <br />
| cinematography = Bandi Saroj Kumar<br />
| editing = <br />
| music = [[Siddharth Vipin]]<br />
| studio = Char Productions<br />
| distributor = <!-- or: | distributors = --><br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2012|4|6}}<br />
| runtime = 90 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
| budget = <!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--><br />
| gross = <!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Asthamanam''''' ({{translation|Sunset}}) is a 2012 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[thriller film]] directed by [[Bandi Saroj Kumar]] and jointly produced by C. Sudhir Reddy and S. Siva Rajasekhar. The film stars six newcomers: Rajesh IS, Rajesh Kanagasabai, Sharan, Victoria, Sri Vidya, and Raghu in the lead roles, while [[Munnar Ramesh]] plays a pivotal supporting role. The film released on 6 April 2012.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Manigandan |first=K. R. |date=28 March 2012 |title=Keeping it short |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/shot-cuts-live-in-london/article3254064.ece?homepage=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925154346/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/shot-cuts-live-in-london/article3254064.ece?homepage=true |archive-date=25 September 2022 |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
*Rajesh IS as Karna<br />
*Rajesh Kanagasabai as Raju<br />
*Sharan as Rudra<br />
*Victoria as Sneha<br />
*Sri Vidya as Priya<br />
*[[Munnar Ramesh]] as Guide<ref name="N" /><br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
The film is based on a nightmare that the director had.<ref name=":0" /> It was shot in forest locations in [[Talakona]] and [[Tada, Tirupati district|Tada]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2012 |title=Keeping it new |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2012/Mar/21/keeping-it-new-351091.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250221184358/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2012/Mar/21/keeping-it-new-351091.html |archive-date=21 Feb 2025 |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "In his sophomore effort, Saroj displays the same visual bravado that characterized his debut film. In fact, characters are bludgeoned to death with an instrument that seems to have been borrowed from the props of his previous film".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asthamanam Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/asthamanam/movie-review/12567609.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928200627/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/asthamanam/movie-review/12567609.cms |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> On the contrary, a critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' opined that "At just a crisp 90 minutes of viewing time, 'Asthamanam' is an experiment worth a watch".<ref name="N">{{Cite web |date=8 April 2012 |title=Asthamanam |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2012/apr/08/asthamanam-356489.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124201458/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2012/apr/08/asthamanam-356489.html |archive-date=24 January 2025 |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*{{IMDb title}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2012 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2012 Indian films]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rashmi_Rocket&diff=454113Rashmi Rocket2026-03-02T04:29:36Z<p>RenaldoParadis: formatting fix</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|2021 Indian film directed by Akarsh Khurana}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Rashmi Rocket<br />
| image = Rashmi Rocket poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Official release poster<br />
| director = [[Akarsh Khurana]]<br />
| producer = [[Ronnie Screwvala]]<br />Neha Anand<br />Pranjal Khandhdiya<br />
| writer = <br />
| screenplay = [[Aniruddha Guha]]<br />
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes<br />
| label1= Dialogues by<br />
| data1 = [[Kanika Dhillon]]<br />
}}<br />
| story = [[Nandha Periyasamy]]<br />
| music = [[Amit Trivedi]]<br />
| starring = [[Taapsee Pannu]]<br/> [[Priyanshu Painyuli]]<br/> [[Abhishek Banerjee (actor)|Abhishek Banerjee]]<br />
| cinematography = Neha Parti Matiyani<br />
| editing = Ajay Sharma<br />Shweta Venkat Matthew<br />
| studio = [[RSVP Movies]]<br />Mango People Media Network<br />
| distributor = [[ZEE5]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2021|10|15}}<br />
| runtime = 129 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| budget = <!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--><br />
| gross = <!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Rashmi Rocket''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Hindi language|Hindi-language]] [[sports drama]] film directed by [[Akarsh Khurana]] and produced by [[Ronnie Screwvala]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/taapsee-pannu-shares-a-cheerful-picture-from-the-sets-of-rashmi-rocket/articleshow/79361061.cms |title=Taapsee Pannu shares a cheerful picture from the sets of 'Rashmi Rocket' |work=The Times of India |access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref> It stars [[Taapsee Pannu]] as the [[Title character|titular character]] alongside [[Abhishek Banerjee (actor)|Abhishek Banerjee]] and [[Priyanshu Painyuli]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/taapsee-pannu-gives-rashmi-rocket-twist-to-her-life/articleshow/79254689.cms |title=TAAPSEE PANNU GIVES 'RASHMI ROCKET' TWIST TO HER LIFE |publisher=Mid Day |date=17 November 2020 |access-date=7 December 2020 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128032503/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/taapsee-pannu-gives-rashmi-rocket-twist-to-her-life/articleshow/79254689.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/abhishek-banerjee-bags-new-role-taapsee-pannu-starrer-rashmi-rocket/ |title=Abhishek Banerjee bags a new role in Taapsee Pannu starrer Rashmi Rocket |date=20 October 2020 |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=7 December 2020 |archive-date=4 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204105932/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/abhishek-banerjee-bags-new-role-taapsee-pannu-starrer-rashmi-rocket/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The film premiered on 15 October 2021 on [[ZEE5]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/taapsee-pannu-starrer-rashmi-rocket-premiere-zee5-october-15/ |title=Taapsee Pannu starrer Rashmi Rocket to premiere on ZEE5 on October 15 |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=20 September 2021 |access-date=20 September 2021 |archive-date=20 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920190142/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/taapsee-pannu-starrer-rashmi-rocket-premiere-zee5-october-15/ |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
* [[Taapsee Pannu]] as Rashmi Chibber aka Rashmi Rocket, an Indian [[track and field]] athlete from [[Bhuj]] in [[Kutch]], Gujarat. Competitor at the [[Indian National Open Athletics Championships]], [[2014 Asian Games]] and the [[2016 South Asian Games]] qualifiers. The character is based on several Indian sportswomen who were subject to [[gender test]]ing due to being diagnosed with [[hyperandrogenism]]; such as [[Dutee Chand]] and [[Pinki Pramanik]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rashmi Rocket is Not Dutee Chand's Story, But Tribute to Several Sportswomen: Writer Aniruddha Guha |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/rashmi-rocket-is-not-dutee-chands-story-but-a-tribute-to-several-sportswomen-writer-aniruddha-guha-4287815.html |date=7 October 2021 |first=Srijita |last=Sen |website=[[News18.com]] |access-date=4 November 2021 |archive-date=8 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008145839/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/rashmi-rocket-is-not-dutee-chands-story-but-a-tribute-to-several-sportswomen-writer-aniruddha-guha-4287815.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://www.afternoonvoice.com/movie-rashmi-rocket-reminds-you-of-pinki-pramanic-and-dutee-chand.html Movie Rashmi Rocket reminds you of Pinki Pramanic and Dutee Chand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104212404/https://www.afternoonvoice.com/movie-rashmi-rocket-reminds-you-of-pinki-pramanic-and-dutee-chand.html |date=4 November 2021 }}. ''Afternoon Voice''.</ref><br />
* [[Priyanshu Painyuli]] as [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]] Gagan Thakur, [[Indian Army]] captain (later [[Major (India)|Major]]) and Rashmi's husband<br />
* [[Abhishek Banerjee (actor)|Abhishek Banerjee]] as Eeshit Mehta, Rashmi's lawyer<br />
* [[Shweta Tripathi]] as Maya Bhasin<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 July 2021 |title=Shweta Tripathi joins Taapsee Pannu's Rashmi Rocket |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shweta-tripathi-joins-taapsee-pannus-rashmi-rocket-7391335/ |access-date=10 July 2021 |archive-date=10 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710182036/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shweta-tripathi-joins-taapsee-pannus-rashmi-rocket-7391335/ |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* [[Supriya Pathak]] as Bhanuben Chibber, Rashmi's mother<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 2021 |title=Rashmi Rocket: Taapsee Pannu shares pic with Supriya Pathak giving her a head massage |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/rashmi-rocket-taapsee-pannu-shares-pic-with-supriya-pathak-giving-her-a-head-massage-see-here/story-gUVYFQ868lva5lq0E5lEVK.html |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812070114/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/rashmi-rocket-taapsee-pannu-shares-pic-with-supriya-pathak-giving-her-a-head-massage-see-here/story-gUVYFQ868lva5lq0E5lEVK.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* [[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]] as Ramnik Chibber, Rashmi's father, killed in the [[2001 Bhuj earthquake]]<br />
* [[Mantra (actor)|Mantra]] as Coach Tejas Mukherji<br />
* [[Supriya Pilgaonkar]] as Judge Savita Deshpande, judge at the [[Bombay High Court]]<br />
* Miloni Jhonsa as Niharika Chopra, Dilip's daughter who's jealous of Rashmi<br />
* [[Namita Dubey]] as Priyanka Kapoor<br />
* [[Varun Badola]] as Dilip Chopra, Niharika's father and a Senior Selector<br />
* Boloram Das as Coach<br />
* Chirag Vora as Nileshbhai Virah Chibber<br />
* Dharak Chhaya as Kartik Virah Chibber<br />
* Dhwanish Chhaya as Paresh Virah Chibber<br />
* [[Akash Khurana]] as Dr. Ejaz Qureshi<br />
* [[Kshitee Jog]] as Dr. Mhatre<br />
* [[Zafar Karachiwala]] as Mangesh Desai<br />
* Aseem Jayadev Hattangady as Praveen Sood<br />
* Umesh Jagtap as Inspector Jagan Sathe<br />
* Akshay Taksale as Sub-Inspector Jagtap Rana<br />
* Kritika Bharadwaj as Vaidehi Thakur<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
The [[principal photography]] began in November 2020 at FLAME University in [[Pune]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/ampnews/features/taapsee-pannu-shares-behind-scenes-photos-shoots-pune-rashmi-rocket |title=Taapsee Pannu shares behind-the-scenes photos as she shoots in Pune for Rashmi Rocket |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=15 November 2020 |access-date=7 December 2020}}{{dead link|date=July 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}{{failed verification|date=April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://mid-day.com/amparticles/rashmi-rocket-taapsee-pannu-wraps-up-pune-schedule-team-gives-her-a-surprise/23093270 |title=Rashmi Rocket: Taapsee Pannu wraps up Pune schedule, team gives her a surprise |work=Mid Day |date=17 November 2020 |access-date=7 December 2020 |archive-date=4 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204101201/https://www.mid-day.com/amparticles/rashmi-rocket-taapsee-pannu-wraps-up-pune-schedule-team-gives-her-a-surprise/23093270 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was [[wrap (filming)|wrapped up]] on 26 January 2021 in [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/taapsee-pannu-wraps-up-shooting-for-rashmi-rocket-pens-a-heart-touching-post/articleshow/80467407.cms |title=Taapsee Pannu wraps up shooting for 'Rashmi Rocket'; pens a heart-touching post |date=26 January 2021 |access-date=26 January 2021 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=4 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204101226/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/taapsee-pannu-wraps-up-shooting-for-rashmi-rocket-pens-a-heart-touching-post/articleshow/80467407.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/taapsee-pannu-wraps-up-rashmi-rocket-says-this-rocket-has-left-us-sky-bound/ |title=Taapsee Pannu wraps up Rashmi Rocket, says 'this rocket has left us sky bound' |date=26 January 2021 |access-date=26 January 2021 |work=Bollywood Hungama |archive-date=26 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126213508/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/taapsee-pannu-wraps-up-rashmi-rocket-says-this-rocket-has-left-us-sky-bound/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Shooting locations included [[Bhuj]] and the [[Rann of Kutch]] in Gujarat as well as [[Ranchi]] in Jharkhand.<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Rashmi Rocket<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = [[Amit Trivedi]]<br />
| cover = <br />
| alt = <br />
| released = 28 September 2021<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/rashmi-rocket/Bpbbf3wfMzY_ |title=Rashmi Rocket – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |date=27 September 2021 |publisher=Jiosaavn |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928153637/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/rashmi-rocket/Bpbbf3wfMzY_ |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| recorded = 2021<br />
| venue = <br />
| studio = <br />
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 15:07<br />
| language = Hindi<!--Do not link per WP:OL--><br />
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]<br />
| producer = <br />
| prev_title = [[Haseen Dillruba]]<br />
| prev_year = 2021<br />
| year = 2021<br />
| next_title = [[Maidaan]]<br />
| next_year = 2022<br />
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio<br />
|{{YouTube|CUIYY8vRhxQ|Rashmi Rocket - Full Album}}<br />
}}}}<br />
<br />
The film's music was composed by [[Amit Trivedi]] while lyrics written by [[Kausar Munir]].<br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| total_length = 15:07<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Ghani Cool Chori<br />
| extra1 = [[Bhoomi Trivedi]]<br />
| length1 = 3:35<br />
| title2 = Zidd<br />
| extra2 = [[Nikhita Gandhi]]<br />
| length2 = 4:08<br />
| title3 = Rann Ma Kutchh<br />
| extra3 = [[Swaroop Khan]], [[Mooralala Marwada]]<br />
| length3 = 3:47<br />
| title4 = Zindagi Tere Naam<br />
| extra4 = [[Amit Trivedi]]<br />
| length4 = 3:37<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Critical reception==<br />
{{Rotten Tomatoes prose|44|4.8|9|consensus=|ref=|access-date={{RT data|access date}}}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rashmi Rocket {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/rashmi_rocket |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' said “Here for a change is a Hindi film that knows how to portray male allies without allowing them to cross the line into male saviour territory. Here for a change is a Hindi film featuring female adversaries sans the all-women-are-enemies-of-women stereotype, and spotting female allies in unexpected places.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rashmi Rocket movie review: Taapsee Pannu's role spotlights modern sport's oppressive notion of womanhood |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/rashmi-rocket-movie-review-taapsee-pannus-role-spotlights-modern-sports-oppressive-notion-of-womanhood-10057291.html |access-date=15 October 2021 |website=Firstpost |author=Anna MM Vetticad |date=15 October 2021 |archive-date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015051523/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/rashmi-rocket-movie-review-taapsee-pannus-role-spotlights-modern-sports-oppressive-notion-of-womanhood-10057291.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Writing for [[Scroll.in|''Scroll'']], Nandini Ramnath said, “Light on its feet and often as fleet as Rashmi, the movie cruises along on the strength of several heart-warming scenes (many of them involving Rashmi’s tough-loving mother Bhanu), a foot-tapping folksy score by [[Amit Trivedi]], and basic insights into the debate over hyperandrogenism that continues to rage in all manner of sport.”<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |title='Rashmi Rocket' review: A hurdle-free sprint to the finish |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1007559/rashmi-rocket-review-a-hurdle-free-sprint-to-the-finish |access-date=15 October 2021 |website=Scroll.in |date=15 October 2021 |archive-date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015090622/https://scroll.in/reel/1007559/rashmi-rocket-review-a-hurdle-free-sprint-to-the-finish |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ronak Kotecha of [[The Times of India|''The Times of India'']] gave the film four stars and said, “[[Nandha Periyasamy|Nanda Periyasamy]]’s riveting story, [[Aniruddha Guha]]’s sharp screenplay and [[Akarsh Khurana]]’s able direction, holds your attention right from the beginning until the end, where the race for justice is played out in a court.” About lead actress [[Taapsee Pannu]], the publication said, “Taapsee Pannu once again proves her mettle, embodying Rashmi’s persona, physically and mentally. Her effort to celebrate Rashmi’s victory and endure her pain, is as real as it gets and the actress doesn’t miss the beat when it comes to making us root for her character.”<ref>{{Citation |title=Rashmi Rocket Review: This one races ahead with powerful performances |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/rashmi-rocket/ottmoviereview/87019461.cms |access-date=15 October 2021 |archive-date=14 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014165306/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/rashmi-rocket/ottmoviereview/87019461.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Shubhra Gupta, in her review of the film in ''[[The Indian Express]]'', wrote, "When you see Taapsee Pannu’s Rashmi fighting the good fight, for herself and for other athletes who have been done against in similar fashion, you want to cheer. For keeping sporting women on top, and for the very worthy cause."<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2021 |title=Rashmi Rocket movie review: Taapsee Pannu-starrer balances high drama with a rooted story |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/rashmi-rocket-movie-review-taapsee-pannu-film-puts-sporting-women-on-top-7571894/ |access-date=18 October 2021 |website=The Indian Express |archive-date=18 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018073143/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/rashmi-rocket-movie-review-taapsee-pannu-film-puts-sporting-women-on-top-7571894/ |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In his review for [[Cinema Express|''Cinema Express'']], critic Avinash Ramachandran wrote, "It is brave of Taapsee to do a film where the battle against the system takes paramount importance, and rightly so."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rashmi Rocket Movie Review: Effective performances push the film comfortably past the finish line |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/review/2021/oct/16/rashmi-rocket-movie-review-effective-performances-push-the-film-comfortably-past-the-finish-line-27310.html |access-date=18 October 2021 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=16 October 2021 |archive-date=18 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018073148/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/review/2021/oct/16/rashmi-rocket-movie-review-effective-performances-push-the-film-comfortably-past-the-finish-line-27310.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Zee News|''Zee News'']] said in its review that, "Akarsh Khurana's Rashmi Rocket has an unconventional storyline that can greatly contribute to conversations around gender equality."<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2021 |title=Rashmi Rocket review: Taapsee Pannu shines in a melodramatic yet eye-opening story on gender testing |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/rashmi-rocket-review-taapsee-pannu-shines-in-a-melodramatic-yet-eye-opening-story-on-gender-testing-2402753.html |access-date=18 October 2021 |website=Zee News |archive-date=18 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018073144/https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/rashmi-rocket-review-taapsee-pannu-shines-in-a-melodramatic-yet-eye-opening-story-on-gender-testing-2402753.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In her review for ''[[Mashable]]'', Sushri Saha wrote, "With strong performances led by Pannu and a well-written screenplay, the film does justice to the issues it raises and challenges."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sahu |first=Sushri |date=14 October 2021 |title='Rashmi Rocket' Review: Abhishek Banerjee Co-Pilots The Sports/Court Drama Led By Taapsee Pannu To Great Heights |url=https://in.mashable.com/entertainment/25337/rashmi-rocket-review-abhishek-banerjee-co-pilots-the-sportscourt-drama-led-by-taapsee-pannu-to-great |access-date=18 October 2021 |website=Mashable India |archive-date=18 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018073640/https://in.mashable.com/entertainment/25337/rashmi-rocket-review-abhishek-banerjee-co-pilots-the-sportscourt-drama-led-by-taapsee-pannu-to-great |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Critic Shomini Sen, in her review for [[WION|''WIONews'']], wrote that Rashmi Rocket “is an important film. It treads on an unknown track and it shines because of its important message.”<br />
<br />
==Accolades==<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!scope="col"| Award<br />
!scope="col"| Date of the ceremony<br />
!scope="col"| Category<br />
!scope="col"| Recipients<br />
!scope="col"| Result<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Refh}}<br />
|-<br />
!scope="row" rowspan="11"| [[67th Filmfare Awards]]<br />
| rowspan="11" | 30 August 2022<br />
| Best Film<br />
| [[Ronnie Screwvala]], Neha Anand, Pranjal Khandhdiya<br />
| {{Nom}}<br />
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nominations-for-the-67th-filmfare-awards-2022-are-out-check-the-list-here-11081241 |title=Nominations for the 67th Filmfare Awards 2022 are out; Check the list here |publisher=[[Firstpost]] |access-date=20 August 2022 |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819185148/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nominations-for-the-67th-filmfare-awards-2022-are-out-check-the-list-here-11081241 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Best Director<br />
| [[Akarsh Khurana]]<br />
| {{Nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Best Actress<br />
| [[Taapsee Pannu]]<br />
| {{Nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Best Supporting Actor<br />
| [[Abhishek Banerjee (actor)|Abhishek Banerjee]]<br />
| {{Nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Best Story<br />
| Nandha Periyasamy<br />
| {{Nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Best Screenplay<br />
| [[Aniruddha Guha]]<br />
| {{Nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Best Dialogue<br />
| [[Kanika Dhillon]]<br />
| {{Nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Best Production Design<br />
| Durga Prasad Mahapatra<br />
| {{Nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Best Cinematography<br />
| Neha Parti Matiyani<br />
| {{Nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Best Costume Design<br />
| Rohit Chaturvedi<br />
| {{Nom}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Best Editing<br />
| Anjay Sharma, Shweta Venkat Mathew<br />
| {{Nom}}<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|tt10895556}}<br />
* ''[https://www.zee5.com/global/movies/details/rashmi-rocket/0-0-1z513117 Rashmi Rocket]'' at [[ZEE5]]<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes | rashmi_rocket }}<br />
* [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/rashmi-rocket/ Rashmi Rocket] at [[Bollywood Hungama]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:2021 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian sports drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian LGBTQ-related films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian courtroom films]]<br />
[[Category:Fictional competitors in the sport of athletics]]<br />
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]<br />
[[Category:Films about sportspeople]]<br />
[[Category:Films about women in India]]<br />
[[Category:Films postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]<br />
[[Category:Films not released in theaters due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]<br />
[[Category:2021 drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2021 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in 2001]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in 2014]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Army in films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian National Open Athletics Championships]]<br />
[[Category:2014 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:2016 South Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Akarsh Khurana]]<br />
[[Category:2021 LGBTQ-related films]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Assam]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Incheon]]<br />
[[Category:Films about women's sports]]<br />
[[Category:2020s feminist films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian feminist films]]<br />
[[Category:Films based on real people]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sharad_Kumar_Dixit&diff=534641Sharad Kumar Dixit2026-02-27T14:25:34Z<p>RenaldoParadis: bio</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian born American plastic surgeon}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Sharad Kumar Dixit<br />
| image = <br />
| imagesize = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = 13 December 1930<br />
| birth_place = [[Pandharpur]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br />
| death_date = 14 November 2011<br />
| death_place = Brooklyn<br />
| restingplace = <br />
| restingplacecoordinates = <br />
| othername = <br />
| occupation = Plastic surgeon<br />
| yearsactive = <br />
| known for = Social service<br />
| spouse = divorced<br />
| domesticpartner = <br />
| children = 3 children<br />
| parents = <br />
| website = <br />
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]<br />[[American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery|ASAPS]] Humanitarian Award<br />Vanguard Award<br />[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] Man of the Year<br />[[Indian Merchants' Chamber]] Award<br />IMIC CHEMTECH Lifetime Achievement Award<br />Nathan Davis International Award<br />UNESCO-[[Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum|Hamdan]] Award<br />Raul Wallenberg Prize<br />Conrad Hilton Foundation Award<br />[[Kellogg’s]] Hamnah World of Children Award<br />Bhagini Sanskar Parishad Award<br />NRI World-[[Merrill Lynch]] NRI of the Year Award<br />Diwaliben Mehta Award<br />World Congress of Cosmetic Surgery Lifetime Achievement Award<br />
}}<br />
'''Sharad Kumar Dixit''' was an Indian born [[Americans|American]] plastic surgeon<ref name="Word of Children Farewell">{{cite web | url=http://www.worldofchildren.org/blog/farewell-to-a-hero-dr-sharadkumar-dicksheet/ | title=Word of Children Farewell | publisher=Word of Children | date=17 November 2011 | access-date=January 8, 2015}}</ref> and the founder of The India Project,<ref name="World of Children award">{{cite web | url=http://www.worldofchildren.org/honoree/sharadkumar-dicksheet/ | title=World of Children award | publisher=World of Children | date=2011 | access-date=January 8, 2015}}</ref> a social initiative for free treatment of plastic surgery for the financially compromised people.<ref name="India Empire">{{cite web | url=http://indiaempire.com/v1/2011/may/nri_philanthropy.asp | title=India Empire | publisher=India Empire | date=2014 | access-date=January 8, 2015}}</ref><ref name="TOI">{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Wheelchair-bound-battling-cancer-this-docs-still-a-surgeon/articleshow/7323330.cms | title=TOI | publisher=TOI | date=20 January 2011 | access-date=January 8, 2015}}</ref><ref name="PSN Extra">{{cite web | url=http://www.psnextra.org/Articles/DrDicksheet.html | title=PSN Extra | publisher=PSN Extra | date=22 November 2011 | access-date=January 8, 2015}}</ref> A multiple nominee for [[Nobel Peace Prize]],<ref name="Flying on One Engine">{{cite AV media | url=http://weinsteinfilm.com/films/flying-on-one-engine/ | title=Flying on One Engine | publisher=Weinstein Film | people=[[Joshua Z Weinstein]], Mary Manhardt, Hemal Trivedi, Nicole Lederman, Justin Pines, Milind Date | medium=Documentary | access-date=2015-01-09 | archive-date=2017-09-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930195438/http://weinsteinfilm.com/films/flying-on-one-engine/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> he was honored by the [[Government of India]], in 2001, with the fourth highest [[Indian honours system|Indian civilian award]] of [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Padma Awards | date=2014 | access-date=November 11, 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
Sharad Kumar Dixit was born in [[Pandharpur]], [[Solapur district]], in the Western Indian state of [[Maharashtra]] on 13 December 1930,<ref name="India Empire" /><ref name="The Telegraph">{{cite web | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111118/jsp/frontpage/story_14767586.jsp | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126070741/http://telegraphindia.com/1111118/jsp/frontpage/story_14767586.jsp | url-status=dead | archive-date=November 26, 2011 | title=The Telegraph | publisher=The Telegraph | date=18 November 2011 | access-date=January 8, 2015}}</ref> as one among the six children of a post master.<ref name="New York Times" /> His initial choice was to study science for which he enrolled at [[Nizam College]], Hyderabad,<ref name="Reach Out Hyderabad">{{cite web | url=http://www.reachouthyderabad.com/newsmaker/nm70.htm | title=Reach Out Hyderabad | publisher=Reach Out Hyderabad | date=2014 | access-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref> but discontinued the course to pursue studies in medicine at [[Nagpur]] after which he served in Indian Army for a short while. In 1959, Dixit moved to US and had higher training in [[Ophthalmology]]. However, a further change of mind saw him studying [[plastic surgery]] to secure a master's degree (MD)<ref name="World of Children award" /> and worked at Fairbanks Hospital, Alaska, [[Mount Sinai Hospital (Manhattan)|Mount Sinai Hospital]]<ref name="The Telegraph" /> and the [[New York Methodist Hospital]].<ref name="New York Times" /><br />
<br />
Dixit, whom Lester Silver, the plastic surgeon at the Mount Sinai Medical Center termed as ''an ethical and moral giant,''<ref name="New York Times" /> founded The India Project in 1968<ref name="World of Children award" /> for providing plastic surgery treatment for the poor sections of the Indian society.<ref name="India Empire" /> Working half the year in the US and spending the rest of the year in India conducting free medical camps where he performed thousands of cosmetic corrective surgeries for [[Cleft lip and cleft palate|cleft lip]], [[Ptosis (eyelid)|ptosis]] and [[Strabismus|squint]].<ref name="India Empire" /> Later, he formed a trust and arranged for the continuity of his programs by bequeathing his assets<ref name="Maliniac Fellow">{{cite web | url=http://www.thepsf.org/donate/maliniac-circle/meet-the-maliniac-fellows.htm | title=Maliniac Fellow | publisher=The Plastic Surgery Foundation | date=2014 | access-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref> to the Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation<ref name="Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation ">{{cite web | url=http://www.plasticsurgery.org/ | title=Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation | publisher=American Society of Plastic Surgeons | date=2014 | access-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref> of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.<ref name="India Empire" /><br />
<br />
While his tenure at the Fairbanks Hospital, Dixit met with a car accident in 1978<ref name="PSN Extra" /><ref name="The Telegraph" /> which rendered him paralysed and confined to a wheel chair.<ref name="Word of Children Farewell" /><ref name="India Empire" /><ref name="TOI" /><ref name="New York Times" /> He also contracted cancer of the larynx<ref name="New York Times">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/12/nyregion/public-lives-a-children-s-surgeon-feels-better-than-he-looks.html | title=New York Times | date=12 December 2001 | access-date=January 8, 2015| last1=Wadler | first1=Joyce }}</ref><ref name="Reach Out Hyderabad" /> which forced him to use a voice box,<ref name="The Telegraph" /> and also suffered two heart attacks.<ref name="India Empire" /><ref name="TOI" /> However, despite the disabilities, he did not stop his social service which he continued till his death. Dixit, under the project banner, carried on his free medical service for 42 years since 1968<ref name="TOI" /> collaborating with ''Bharatiya Jain Sangathan''<ref name="TOI" /> and is credited with over 65,000 surgeries personally performed,<ref name="India Empire" /> with a total of 266,000 surgeries under the project.<ref name="TOI" /><ref name="The Telegraph" /><ref name="Vimeo" /> He was also known to be quick in his surgeries, with reports crediting him with less than 30 minutes for a cleft lip surgery and lesser for squint, ptosis and dab surgeries.<ref name="The Telegraph" /><ref name="New York Times" /> It is reported that he performed 100 to 150 surgeries in a day<ref name="TOI" /> and the project, in 2003-04, is reported to have carried out 18,155 surgeries.<ref name="World of Children award" /><br />
<br />
{{quotebox<br />
| align = right<br />
| width = 21em|''Since I am treated as entirely disabled in the United States, this is my way of coming back to my country and contributing to life around me. I do cosmetic surgery, plastic surgery, correctional surgery that helps the poor, who would not be able to otherwise afford it. I see this as my job. This is all…,'' said Sharadkumar Dicksheet.<ref name="India Empire" /><br />
}}<br />
<br />
Sharad Kumar Dixit married twice but divorced and had two daughters and a son.<ref name="The Telegraph" /><ref name="New York Times" /> He died on 14 November 2011 at Brooklyn, USA.<ref name="World of Children award" /><ref name="PSN Extra" /><ref name="The Telegraph" /><ref name="Vimeo" /> His life and times have been captured in a documentary film, ''Flying on One Engine'',<ref name="Vimeo">{{cite web | url=http://vimeo.com/32189802 | title=Vimeo | publisher=Vimeo | date=2011 | access-date=January 8, 2015}}</ref> a 55 minute biopic directed by [[Joshua Z Weinstein]], which narrates Dixit's life in a dilapidated [[Ocean Parkway (Brooklyn)|Ocean Parkway]] apartment in Brooklyn and outside of it.<ref name="Flying on One Engine" /><br />
<br />
==Awards and recognitions==<br />
Sharad Kumar Dixit, a Maliniac Fellow of the Plastic Surgery Foundation,<ref name="PSN Extra" /> was nominated for the [[Nobel Peace Prize]]<ref name="India Empire" /><ref name="The Telegraph" /> eight times, of which five nominations came in successive years.<ref name="PSN Extra" /><ref name="Reach Out Hyderabad" /> He received the ''Humanitariaon Award'' of the American Society of Aesthetical Surgery in 1997 and the Vanguard Award in 1998. The next year, he was selected as the ''Man of the Year'' by [[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]. The year 2000 saw him receiving the [[Indian Merchants' Chamber]] Award and a year later, he received the Chemtech Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Medical Integration Council. The same year, the [[Government of India]] honoured him with the civilian award of [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="India Empire" /><ref name="PSN Extra" /><ref name="The Telegraph" /> He was awarded Hamdan Award for Volunteers in Humanitarian Medical Services in 2002 by Hamdan Medical Award.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Sharadkumar Dicksheet - Sheikh Hamdan Bin Rashid Al Maktoum Award for Medical Sciences - HMA |url=http://www.hmaward.org.ae/profile.php?id=269 |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=www.hmaward.org.ae}}</ref> The [[American Medical Association]] conferred on him the Nathan Davis International Award in 2008.<br />
<br />
A Nominee for the 2001 [[Gandhi Peace Prize]],<ref name="India Empire" /> he is also a recipient of UNESCO [[Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum]] Award,<ref name="India Empire" /><ref name="Reach Out Hyderabad" /> and a nominee for the Conrad Hilton Humanitarian Award.<ref name="India Empire" /><ref name="Reach Out Hyderabad" /> He received {{USD}} 100,000 as cash<ref name="New York Times" /> for the 2001 [[Kellogg’s]] Hannah Neil World of Children Award<ref name="India Empire" /><ref name="PSN Extra" /><ref name="Reach Out Hyderabad" /> which was reportedly utilized for his humanitarian efforts in India.<ref name="World of Children award" /> He also received Bhagini Sanskar Parishad Award, 2001 NRI World-Merrill Lynch NRI of the Year Award,<ref name="Competition Science Vision">{{cite journal | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e-gDAAAAMBAJ&q=Gandhi+peace+prize+dicksheet&pg=PA151 | title=Competition Science Vision | author=Pratiyogita Darpan | journal=Competition Science Vision |date=April 2002 | volume=5 | issue=50}}</ref> Diwaliben Mehta Award,<ref name="India Empire" /> and the Lifetime Achievement Award of the World Congress of Cosmetic Surgery.<ref name="India Empire" /><ref name="PSN Extra" /><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
* [[Nobel Prize]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
{{Portal|India|United States|Medicine}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{Cite web |title=Dr. Sharadkumar Dicksheet - Sheikh Hamdan Bin Rashid Al Maktoum Award for Medical Sciences - HMA |url=http://hmaward.org.ae/profile.php?id=269 |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=hmaward.org.ae}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite AV media | url=http://weinsteinfilm.com/films/flying-on-one-engine/ | title=Flying on One Engine | publisher=Weinstein Film | people=[[Joshua Z Weinstein]], Mary Manhardt, Hemal Trivedi, Nicole Lederman, Justin Pines, Milind Date | medium=Documentary | access-date=2015-01-09 | archive-date=2017-09-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930195438/http://weinsteinfilm.com/films/flying-on-one-engine/ | url-status=dead }}<br />
<br />
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Medicine}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dicksheet, Sharad Kumar}}<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine]]<br />
[[Category:1930 births]]<br />
[[Category:2011 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:People from Solapur district]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Marathi descent]]<br />
[[Category:American plastic surgeons]]<br />
[[Category:Medical doctors from Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian surgeons]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian philanthropists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century American surgeons]]<br />
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi people]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rowa_Wildlife_Sanctuary&diff=453484Rowa Wildlife Sanctuary2026-02-24T06:34:32Z<p>RenaldoParadis: fixed issues</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Wildlife sanctuary in Tripura, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox protected area<br />
| name = Rowa Wildlife Sanctuary<br />
| alt_name = <br />
| iucn_category = IV<br />
| image = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| map = India Tripura#India<br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_width = <br />
| relief = 1<br />
| mapframe = Yes<br />
| location = [[North Tripura district]], [[Tripura]]<br />
| nearest_city = [[Panisagar]]<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|24.29|92.17|display=title, inline}}<br />
| coords_ref = <br />
| area = {{cvt|0.858|km2}}<br />
| established = 1988<br />
}}<br />
'''Rowa Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a [[wildlife sanctuary]] in the [[North Tripura district]] of the Indian state of [[Tripura]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/protected-area-network.pdf |title=Protected area network in India |page=28 |publisher=Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India |access-date=2 April 2012}}</ref> It is near the urban center of [[Panisagar]] and has significant anthropogenic pressure with risk of fragmentation.<ref name=Ranglong_al2025>{{Cite journal |last1=Ranglong |first1=A. |last2=Dutta Roy |first2=A. |last3=Das |first3=S. |last4=Deb |first4=S. |date=2025 |title=Estimating aboveground biomass and biodiversity of a protected area in moist tropical forest ecosystem using remote sensing application |journal=Journal for Nature Conservation |volume=84 |article-number=126823 |doi=10.1016/j.jnc.2024.126823|doi-access=free |hdl=10459.1/467552 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Even though precipitation is fairly high, the area still falls under fire risk, and has been categorized to be highly fire prone.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FSI |date=2019 |title=State of Forest Report 2019 |url=https://fsi.nic.in/forest-report-2019 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
Rowa Wildlife Sanctuary encompasses an area of {{cvt|0.858|km2}} and was declared in 1988.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tripura Tourism|url=https://tripuratourism.gov.in/single-tour.php?id=24|website=tripuratourism.gov.in|access-date=2025-11-30}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Flora and fauna ==<br />
Rowa Wildlife Sanctuary has [[deciduous]] forest, semi-[[evergreen forest]] and mixed moist deciduous secondary forests with patches of bamboo brakes.<ref name=Compendium/> The flora is dominated by ''[[Microcos paniculata]]'', ''[[Senna siamea]]'' and ''[[Macaranga denticulata]]''.<ref name=Ranglong_al2025/><br />
<br />
Major wildlife include [[barking deer]], [[wild boar]], [[pig-tailed macaque]], [[crab-eating mongoose]], [[Indian porcupine]], [[Indian rock python]], and birds such as [[Ramphastides|barbets]], [[bulbul]]s, [[cuckoo]]s, [[darter]]s, [[pigeons]], [[drongo]]s, [[ducks]], [[Old World oriole]]s, [[owls]], [[parakeets]], [[partridges]], [[sunbirds]], [[woodpeckers]], [[weaverbirds]], [[treepie]]s and [[jungle myna]]s.<ref name=Compendium>{{cite report |url=https://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-04/9%20Compendium%20Book_2021_Low%20%281%29%20%282%29.pdf |title=National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries in India |publisher=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]], [[Government of India]] |date=2021|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.tripura.nic.in Tripura]<br />
<br />
{{Protected Areas of India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Tripura]]<br />
[[Category:North Tripura district]]<br />
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1988]]<br />
[[Category:1988 establishments in Tripura]]<br />
<br />
{{India-protected-area-stub}}<br />
{{Tripura-geo-stub}}</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narayan_Vyas&diff=520523Narayan Vyas2026-02-16T19:08:06Z<p>RenaldoParadis: info!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian archaeologist}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Narayan Vyas<br />
| image = Narayan Vyas in 2024.png<br />
| caption = Vyas in 2024<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|1|5}}<br />
| citizenship = Indian<br />
| occupation = Archaeologist<br />
| known_for = Extensive work in prehistoric and ancient Indian history, particularly in Madhya Pradesh<br />
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2026)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Narayan Vyas''' (born 5 January 1949)<ref>{{cite web |title=Rock Art Research in India |url=https://ignca.gov.in/invitations/02052019_National-seminar-on-rock-art-research-in-india_Brochure.pdf |website=National Seminar on Rock Art Research in India (2nd – 4th May, 2019) |publisher=[[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts]] |access-date=7 February 2026}}</ref> is an Indian archaeologist known for his extensive work in the field of prehistoric and ancient Indian history, particularly in the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. In 2026, he was awarded the [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth-highest civilian award, in recognition of his contributions to the field of [[archaeology]].<ref name="Hans25">{{cite web |title=Padma Shri awardee archaeologist Narayan Vyas says he is still working |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/national/padma-shri-awardee-archaeologist-narayan-vyas-says-he-is-still-working-1042427 |website=The Hans India |date=2026-01-26 |access-date=2026-01-28}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life and education==<br />
Vyas developed an interest in archaeology during his student years. He was significantly influenced by the renowned archaeologist [[V. S. Wakankar]], with whom he shared a close professional relationship. Vyas was part of several explorations led by Wakankar, including the discovery and study of the [[Bhimbetka rock shelters]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Santoshi |first1=Neeraj |title='Rock' star of archaeology in central India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bhopal/the-grand-old-man-of-archaeology-in-madhya-pradesh/story-xazwon2lzVLfjxew7i1WdO.html |access-date=7 February 2026 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=7 December 2015 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="FPJ_Bhimbetka">{{cite web |title=Wakankarji first saw Bhimbetka rocks from Obaidullaganj railway station, says archaeologist Narayan Vyas |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/bhopal-news-wakankarji-first-saw-bhimbetka-rocks-from-obaidullaganj-railway-station-says-archaeologist-narayan-vyas |website=Free Press Journal |access-date=2026-01-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sarkar |first1=Sravani |title=Return of the past |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/specials/2021/02/19/return-of-the-past.html |access-date=7 February 2026 |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |date=19 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Vyas served in the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI) for several decades, retiring as a Superintending Archaeologist. During his tenure, he conducted numerous excavations and explorations across Madhya Pradesh. He has been described as the "Grand Old Man of Archaeology" in the region due to his vast knowledge of the local terrain and historical sites.<ref name="HT_GrandOld">{{cite web |title=The grand old man of archaeology in Madhya Pradesh |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bhopal/the-grand-old-man-of-archaeology-in-madhya-pradesh/story-xazwon2lzVLfjxew7i1WdO.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=2026-01-28}}</ref><br />
<br />
His work primarily focused on:<br />
* Rock art: Vyas has spent significant time documenting and preserving prehistoric rock paintings, particularly those in the [[Vindhya Range]].<br />
* Temple restoration: He oversaw the conservation and restoration of several ancient temples and monuments under the jurisdiction of the ASI.<br />
* Documentation: He has been involved in the detailed cataloging of artifacts and historical remains found in Central India.<ref name="TOI_Faith">{{cite web |title=Artifacts article of faith for him |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/artifacts-article-of-faith-for-him/articleshow/45841961.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=2026-01-28}}</ref><br />
<br />
Even after his retirement, Vyas continues to be active in the field, providing guidance to young archaeologists and participating in heritage awareness programs.<ref name="Hans25" /><br />
<br />
==Significant discoveries and views==<br />
Vyas has spoken extensively about the discovery of Bhimbetka, noting that V. S. Wakankar first spotted the rock formations from the Obaidullaganj railway station before trekking to the site for further investigation.<ref name="FPJ_Bhimbetka" /> He has also emphasized the need for better protection of unprotected archaeological sites that are often subject to encroachment or natural decay.<ref name="TOI_Faith" /><br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
* [[Padma Shri]] (2026)<ref name="Hans25" /><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in other fields}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vyas, Narayan}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Archaeologists]]<br />
[[Category:People from Ujjain]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in other fields]]<br />
[[Category:1949 births]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prajakta_Mali&diff=474528Prajakta Mali2026-02-13T15:18:42Z<p>RenaldoParadis: further enhanced formatting for clarity further and corrected details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1989)}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Prajakta Mali<br />
| image = Prajakta Mali photo.jpg<br />
| caption = Mali in 2025<br />
| other_names = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|08|08|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/happy-birthday-prajakta-mali-hampi-sangharsh-5-films-and-tv-shows-of-the-actress-to-watch-on-zee5|title=Prajakta Mali: Happy Birthday Prajakta Mali |website=zee5 |date=8 August 2020 |access-date=8 August 2020}}</ref><br />
| birth_place = [[Barshi]], [[Solapur]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|television presenter|poet|producer}}<br />
| years_active = 2004–present<br />
| known_for = <br />
| height_m = 1.60<br />
| website = {{URL|prajaktaraj.in}}<br />
| spouse = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Prajakta Mali''' ({{IPA|hns|prədʒəkt̪aː ˈmaːli|pron}}; born 8 August 1989) is an Indian actress, producer, and poet who primarily works in [[Marathi cinema|Marathi films]] and [[Marathi Television|television]].<br />
<br />
Born in [[Pandharpur]] and raised in [[Pune]], Mali won the dance reality show ''Kya Masti Kya Dhoom'' at the age of 14. She had an uncredited role in [[Ashutosh Gowariker]]'s ''[[Swades]]'' (2004) and also appeared as a child artist in the Marathi drama film ''Taandala – Ek Mukhavta'' (2008). After appearing in several Marathi daily soaps, she gained recognition for her role as Meghana in the romantic drama series ''[[Julun Yeti Reshimgathi]]'' (2013–2015).<br />
<br />
Mali made her lead film debut with [[Kedar Shinde]]’s comedy-drama ''[[Kho-Kho (2013 film)|Kho-Kho]]'' (2013). She later received critical acclaim for her performances in ''[[Hampi (film)|Hampi]]'' (2017), the comedy thriller ''[[Dokyala Shot]]'' (2019), the comedy ''[[Pandu (film)|Pandu]]'' (2021), the family drama ''[[Luckdown Be Positive]]'', and the social thriller ''[[Y (2022 film)|Y]]'' (both 2022). For her role in ''Pandu'', she won the [[MFK Award for Favourite Villain]]. Since 2018, she has been hosting the comedy sketch show ''[[Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra]]'' on [[Sony Marathi]]. In 2022, she made her web debut with Abhijit Panse’s thriller drama ''[[RaanBaazaar]]'', where she portrayed a prostitute, earning widespread acclaim. This was followed by her title role as a renowned dancer in the epic historical drama ''[[Phullwanti]]'' (2024), which also marked her debut as a producer.<br />
<br />
Beyond acting, Mali founded the ''Nrityangan Dance Academy'' in Pune and launched her traditional jewellery brand,'' PrajaktaRaj''. She also published a poetry book titled ''Prajakta Prabha'' in 2021.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Mali was born on 8 August 1989 in [[Barshi]], [[Maharashtra]], into a Marathi family. Later, her family moved to [[Pune]]. Her father is a retired [[Criminal Investigation Department (India)|CID officer]], and her mother is Shweta Mali. She completed her Masters in Performing Arts ([[Bharatanatyam]]) from Lalit Kala Kendra, [[Pune University]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-14 |title='सुवासिनी' मालिकेपासून स्वतःची निर्मिती असलेल्या 'फुलवंती' चित्रपटापर्यंत, अभिनेत्री प्राजक्ता माळीचा प्रवास कसा होता? |url=https://www.loksatta.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/4652167/marathi-actress-prajakta-mali-career-journey-from-suvasini-serial-to-phullwanti-movie-spl-93/7/ |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> She was also awarded a scholarship by the Ministry of Culture for higher studies in Bharatnatyam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/prajakta-mali-lesser-known-facts-about-the-actress/photostory/71221470.cms|title=Prajakta Mali: Lesser known facts about the actress|website=eTimes|date=20 September 2019|access-date=20 September 2019}}</ref> At an early age, she founded her dance academy, ''Nrityangan Dance Academy'', which currently has six branches in Pune.<ref>{{Cite web |title=आईचा ओरडा पडला अन् प्राजक्ता माळीने सुरू केला होता व्यवसाय; आता चालवतेय सात शाखा |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/prajakta-mali-business-in-pune-know-how-she-started-her-dance-academy/articleshow/100151414.cms |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
<br />
=== Early work and Julun Yeti Reshimgathi (2001–2015) ===<br />
Prajaktta participated in dance reality shows from an early age; at the age of 14, she won the Hindi dance show, ''Kya Masti Kya Dhoom'' (2001), which aired on [[StarPlus|Star Plus]].<ref name=":0" /> She made her acting debut with an uncredited role in [[Shah Rukh Khan]]'s starred ''[[Swades]]'' in 2004 and subsequently appeared in a small role in ''[[Gandhi, My Father]]''.<ref name=":1" /> In 2008, she made her Marathi film debut as a child actress in [[Sanjay Surkar]]'s ''Taandala - Ek Mukhavta'', she played the young version of [[Asawari Joshi]]'s character. The film didn't have any dialogue for Mali.<ref name=":3" /> Following this, she made her television debut with ''Firuni Navi Janmen Mi'', produced under [[Kothare Vision]]. In 2011, she played the energetic young girl, whose world centers around her family, in the Marathi daily soap ''Suvasini'', produced by [[Smita Talwalkar]]’s ''Asmita Chitra Productions''.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
In 2013, Mali got widespread recognition for her role as Meghana Kudalkar Desai opposite [[Lalit Prabhakar]] in the ''[[Julun Yeti Reshimgathi]]'' aired on [[Zee Marathi]]. The plot revolves around how the two become inseparable and face every obstacle together to be madly in love with each other.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 July 2020 |title=Re-telecast of TV shows Vahinisaheb and Julun Yeti Reshimgathi to begin today |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/re-telecast-of-tv-shows-vahinisaheb-and-julun-yeti-reshimgathi-to-begin-today/articleshow/77200627.cms |access-date=6 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Next, she was a contestant on the fifth season of the dance reality show ''[[Eka Peksha Ek|Eka Peksha Ek — Apsara Aali]]''.<ref name=":4" /> The same year, she played a significant role as the love interest of the lead character, portrayed by [[Bharat Jadhav]], in the critically acclaimed comedy drama [[Kho-Kho (2013 film)|''Kho-Kho'']], directed by [[Kedar Shinde]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kho Kho Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/kho-kho/movie-review/20378655.cms |access-date=6 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Prajakta Mali excited about her debut in 'Kho Kho' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/marathi/prajakta-mali-excited-about-her-debut-in-kho-kho/videoshow/19990382.cms?from=mdr |access-date=10 May 2013 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The following year, she played the role of Bijli in the ensemble film [[Sangharsh (2014 film)|Sangharsh]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sangharsh Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/sangharsh/movie-review/30002378.cms |access-date=7 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Pivotal role and critical acclaim (2017–present) ===<br />
After a gap of two years, in 2017, she was seen alongside Prabhakar and [[Sonalee Kulkarni]] in Prakash Kunte's romantic drama [[Hampi (film)|''Hampi'']]. Mihir Bhanage of ''[[The Times of India]]'' called her performance "convincing".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hampi Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/hampi/movie-review/61703747.cms |access-date=7 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Ulhas Shirke of ''Marathi Movie World'' wrote, "She does extremely well to invite the audience attention with her bubbly character for almost the next half an hour" and further concluded, "will surely help her to find better roles in Marathi films."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shirke |first=Ullhas |date=17 November 2017 |title='Hampi' shows the natural remedy for depression |url=https://marathimovieworld.com/review/hampi-movie-review.php |access-date=7 October 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> The film was successful at the box office. Next, she appeared as a protagonist in Zee Marathi's comedy show ''[[Naktichya Lagnala Yaycha Ha]]'', which had many special appearances by well-known Marathi celebrities opposite her, including [[Subodh Bhave]], [[Siddharth Chandekar]], [[Prasad Oak]], [[Gashmeer Mahajani]] and [[Swapnil Joshi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title='नकटी'सोबत लग्न करायला सुबोध होणार तयार |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/subodh-nakatichya-lagnala-eskal-news-52592 |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=eSakal - Marathi Newspaper |date=14 June 2017 |language=mr-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 January 2017 |title=Prajakta Mali and Aniket Vishwasrao together? |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/prajakta-mali-romances-many-actors/articleshow/56588978.cms |access-date=7 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2018, Mali portrayed the girl next door character in an ensemble comedy drama ''[[Party (2018 film)|Party]]'' opposite [[Suvrat Joshi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=पार्टी |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/movie-review-of-marathi-moive-party/moviereview/65712388.cms |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> The film was not so well received by critics and audiences.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Party Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/party/movie-review/65722419.cms?from=mdr |access-date=7 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chitnis |first=Prajakta |date=6 September 2018 |title=Party Marathi movie Review : फूल टू धमाल पार्टी |url=https://www.lokmat.com/reviews/marathi-cinema/party-marathi-movie-review-full-dhamal-party/ |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref> The same year, she made two guest appearances in ''[[Ani... Dr. Kashinath Ghanekar]]'' and ''[[Ranangan]]''.<ref name=":5" /> In the former, she enacted the role of [[Asha Kale]] in the superhit song "Gomu Sangatina" from the 1975 Marathi film ''Ha Khel Sawalyancha.''<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 October 2018 |title=Subodh Bhave reveals the new song 'Gomu Sangatina' from his upcoming movie "Ani... Dr. Kashinath Ghanekar" |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/subodh-bhave-reveals-the-new-song-gomu-sangatina-from-his-upcoming-movie-ani-dr-kashinath-ghanekar/articleshow/66379817.cms |access-date=7 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The next year, she once again paired opposite Joshi in the black comedy film ''[[Dokyala Shot]]'', a remake of the Tamil film ''[[Naduvula Konjam Pakkatha Kaanom]]'' (2012). The story is based on a true story that involves a young man who experiences retrograde amnesia after a cricket incident two days before his wedding. She played the Tamil girl, Subbulakshmi Iyengar, who falls in love with Marathi guy Abhijit.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} The film was a critical and commercial success. Critics appreciated her southern role but felt it was limited.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2019 |title=Dokyala shot movie review : निव्वळ टाईमपास असलेला 'डोक्याला शॉट' |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/reviews/dokyala-shot-movie-review/ |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Dokyala Shot Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/dokyala-shot/movie-review/68216169.cms?from=mdr |access-date=7 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She hosted Marathi television shows ''[[Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra]]''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prajakta Mali excited to host Maharashtrachi Hasya Jatra once again - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/prajakta-mali-excited-to-host-maharashtrachi-hasya-jatra-once-again/articleshow/76156780.cms|access-date=28 January 2021|website=The Times of India|date=2 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> for [[Sony Marathi]] in 2018 and ''Mast Maharashtra'' Travel Show in the year 2020 for [[Zee Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/prajakta-mali-wraps-up-the-shoot-of-her-travel-show-mast-maharashtra/articleshow/79507495.cms|title=Prajakta Mali wraps up the shoot of her travel show 'Mast Maharashtra'|website=Times of indiaaccess-date=2020-12-01|date=December 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/masta-maharashtra-heres-why-prajakta-mali-is-the-perfect-choice-to-host-the-travel-show-2|title=Masta Maharashtra: Here's Why Prajakta Mali Is The Perfect Choice To Host The Travel Show|website=Zee5|date=4 July 2020|access-date=4 July 2020}}</ref> Mali portrayed a negative role in the critical and commercial hit ''[[Pandu (film)|Pandu]]'' (2021), directed by [[Viju Mane]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=पांडू |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/pandu/moviereview/88104392.cms |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> Mihir Bhanage of ''The Times of India'' described her as "a surprise package."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pandu Movie Review : Bhau Kadam and Kushal Badrike's camaraderie is the highlight of Pandu |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/pandu/movie-review/88077417.cms?from=mdr |access-date=7 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She won [[MFK Award for Favourite Villain|Maharashtracha Favourite Kon for Favourite Villain]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=असं कधी वाटलं नव्हतं...नायिका नाही पण या भूमिकेसाठी प्राजक्ताला मिळाला सर्वोत्कृष्ट पुरस्कार |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/prajakta-mali-won-best-villen-award-maharashtra-cha-favorite-kon-pandu-movie/articleshow/97171435.cms |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> The film grossed {{INRConvert|5.9|c}} worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-13 |title=Pandu Box Office Collection {{!}} All Language {{!}} Day Wise {{!}} Worldwide - Sacnilk |url=https://www.sacnilk.com/news/Pandu_2021_Box_Office_Collection_Day_Wise_Worldwide |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=www.sacnilk.com |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2022, her first release was [[Digpal Lanjekar]]'s directorial historical action drama ''[[Pawankhind]]'', based on the life of Maratha warrior [[Baji Prabhu Deshpande]]. She played the real-life character of Shrimant Bhavanibai Bandal.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 March 2022 |title=Exclusive! Prajakta Mali: My role in 'Pawankhind' is small but important |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/exclusive-prajakta-mali-my-role-in-pawankhind-is-small-but-important/articleshow/89923091.cms |access-date=7 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film was a huge commercial and critical success, becoming the fifth highest-grossing Marathi film of all time with earnings of {{INRConvert|75|c}} worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaushal |first=Sweta |title=Marathi Cinema: Planet Marathi, Everest Entertainment Lead Industry To Steady Growth |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/swetakaushal/2023/05/08/marathi-cinema-planet-m-everest-entertainment-lead-industry-to-steady-growth/ |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=पावनखिंड |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/pawankhind/moviereview/89697595.cms |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> Her next release was the family drama ''[[Luckdown Be Positive]]'', opposite [[Ankush Chaudhari]]. The film revolves around a married couple and the problems that arise due to [[lockdown]]. Preeti Atulkar of ''The Times of India'' ascribed Chaudhari and her chemistry as "remarkable" and wrote, "They look convincing as a couple on screen."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Luck Down Be Positive Movie Review : The chemistry between Ankush Chaudhari and Prajakta Mali is remarkable in this rom com |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/luck-down-be-positive/movie-review/89832854.cms |access-date=7 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She had a guest appearance as Naina Chandrapurkar in the musical romantic ''[[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|Chandramukhi]]'', where she was seen in the song "Sawaal Jawaab" alongside [[Amruta Khanvilkar]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=अडसूळ |first=नीलेश |date=2022-04-27 |title=PHOTO : प्राजक्ता माळी नव्हं, नैना चंद्रापूरकर.. पहा लावण्यवतीचे खास फोटो.. |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/prajakta-mali-played-naina-chandrapurkar-in-chandramukhi-movie |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=Mr}}</ref> Her last release of that year was critically acclaimed ''[[Y (2022 film)|Y]]'', which was screened at the [[Pune International Film Festival]] and [[Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image|MAMI Festival]] in 2019 before its theatrical release.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kadam |first=Ganesh Pandurang |title=Y चा थरारक ट्रेलर आला! चित्रपटप्रेमींची उत्कंठा शिगेला |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/marathi-movie-trailer-release-mukta-barve-in-lead-role-141655121525352.html |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pune International Film Festival |url=https://www.piffindia.com/Y-film.php |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=www.piffindia.com}}</ref> A reviewer from ''Kalakruti Media'' praised the film’s subject but noted that, "Prajakta’s character could have been developed further, especially in the second half, where it remains somewhat incomplete."<ref>{{Cite web |last=amol238 |date=2022-06-24 |title=Y Movie Review: पुरुषप्रधान संस्कृतीला आरसा दाखवणारा 'वाय' सिनेमा |url=https://kalakrutimedia.com/y-marathi-movie-review/ |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Kalakruti Media |language=en-US}}</ref> The same year, she made her digital debut with the political thriller ''[[RaanBaazaar]]'', which was streamed on Planet Marathi OTT.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2022 |title='असंच काहीसं घडलं होतं... कदाचित', 'रानबाजार'चे अखेरचे दोन भाग 'या' दिवशी होणार प्रदर्शित {{!}} raanbazar web series last 2 episode will release on 10 June 2022 know the details |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/raanbazar-web-series-last-2-episode-will-release-on-10-june-2022-know-the-details-mrj-95-2966187/ |access-date=8 October 2023 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> The story revolves around the two escorts, who become entangled in a dangerous web of politics, power, and conspiracy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 May 2022 |title='RaanBaazaar' trailer: Tejaswini Pandit and Prajaktta Mali starrer looks promising-Watch |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/marathi/raanbaazaar-trailer-tejaswini-pandit-and-prajakta-mali-starrer-looks-promising-watch/articleshow/91660553.cms |access-date=8 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Mali portrayed the cheerful and generous prostitute from [[Kamathipura]] who works at a seedy brothel. Initially, she was reluctant to play a play sex worker, but her actor friends [[Prasad Oak]] and Khanvilkar convinced her to take the challenge.<ref>{{Cite web |title=खरं तर रानबाजार सीरिज मी सोडली होती, त्यानंतर अमृतानं खूप शिव्या घातल्या होत्या... काय म्हणाली प्राजक्ता माळी |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/web-series/marathi-actress-prajakta-mali-talks-about-raanbaazaar-role-amruta-khanvilkar-advice-her-to-not-to-leave-this-series/articleshow/103540403.cms |access-date=8 October 2023 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> For her role, she had to gain 11&nbsp;kg of weight and practice eating [[Gutka|masala gutka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title='रत्ना'साकारण्यासाठी प्राजक्तानं केलं असं काही |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/web-stories/entertainment/prajakta-mali-weight-gain-for-raanbaazaar-web-series/photoshow/91966922.cms |access-date=8 October 2023 |website=maharashtratimes.com |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2022 |title="मी धूम्रपान कधीच केलं नाही पण...", भूमिकेची गरज अन् प्राजक्ता माळीला करावी लागली मनाला न पटणारी गोष्ट {{!}} actress prajakta mali talk about her role in raanbaazaar webseries and say no to smoking |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/actress-prajakta-mali-talk-about-her-role-in-raanbaazaar-webseries-and-say-no-to-smoking-kmd-95-2975628/ |access-date=8 October 2023 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> The series was one of the most anticipated and critically acclaimed series of the year. Kayur Seta of ''Cinestaan'' wrote that "Mali goes completely against her image and gives a great performance as Ratna."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seta |first=Keyur |title=RaanBaazaar review: Abhijit Panse's drama on dirty politics is hard-hitting |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/raan-baazaar-50326 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613190148/https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/raan-baazaar-50326 |url-status=live |archive-date=13 June 2022 |access-date=8 October 2023 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> Shaheen Irani of ''OTT Play'' called her "powerful" and wrote, "She plays her role to perfection, and to an extent, you get drawn to understanding her fun-loving character that is also very influential."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raanbaazaar part 1 review: Tejaswini Pandit's much-awaited Marathi web series creates a beautiful chaos |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/raanbaazaar-part-1-review-tejaswini-pandits-much-awaited-marathi-web-series-creates-a-beautiful-chaos/ff74247f2972 |access-date=8 October 2023 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> It emerged as the most watched Marathi web series, with more than 10 million views. In 2023, she had only one film release—[[Hrishikesh Joshi]]'s comedy-drama ''[[Teen Adkun Sitaram]]'', where she starred alongside [[Vaibhav Tatwawadi]], [[Alok Rajwade]], and Sankarshan Karhade.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 August 2023 |title='Teen Adkun Sitaram': Prajakta Mali bags a key role in Hrishikesh Joshi's next; poster out! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/teen-adkun-sitaram-prajakta-mali-bags-a-key-role-in-hrishikesh-joshis-next-poster-out/articleshow/102976177.cms |access-date=30 December 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 August 2023 |title='Teen Adkun Sitaram': Character poster of Prajakta Mali as 'Reva' unveiled! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/teen-adkun-sitaram-character-poster-of-prajakta-mali-as-reva-unveiled/articleshow/103172918.cms |access-date=30 December 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film was well-received by critics but performed averagely at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Film Review : तीन अडकून सीताराम |url=https://www.mahamtb.com/Encyc/2023/9/29/film-review-of-teen-adkun-sitaram.html |access-date=30 December 2024 |website=www.mahamtb.com |language=mr}}</ref><br />
<br />
The following year marked a significant turning point in her career when she co-produced and starred in the titular role of the epic historical drama ''[[Phullwanti]]'', directed by Snehal Tarde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prajakta Mali: प्राजक्ता माळीचं गुपित आलं समोर; घर-फार्महासऊनंतर केली सर्वात मोठी घोषणा |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/maharashtrachi-hasyajatra-host-prajajta-mali-become-producer-for-the-first-time-for-film-phullwanti-with-panorama-studios/articleshow/109999844.cms |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> Marking her debut as a producer, the film was based on [[Babasaheb Purandare]]'s novel of the same name.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bodke |first=Chetan |date=2024-05-10 |title=प्राजक्ता माळीचे निर्मिती क्षेत्रात पदार्पण, 'फुलवंती'चा मोशन पोस्टर रिलीज |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/actress-prajakta-mali-debut-marathi-film-industry-as-a-producer-in-the-upcoming-phullwanti-movie-cb99 |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Marathi News Saam TV |language=mr}}</ref> She portrayed a renowned dancer from the Peshwa era, with the story set in 18th-century [[Pune]], exploring the complex relationship of love and rivalry between her character and Venkatadhwari Shastri (played by [[Gashmeer Mahajani]]).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-05 |title=प्राजक्ता माळीच्या 'फुलवंती'मध्ये गश्मीर महाजनी साकारणार 'ही' भूमिका |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/actor-gashmeer-mahajani-will-play-this-important-role-in-prajakta-mali-s-phullwanti-movie/842331 |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Zee 24 taas |language=mr}}</ref> ''[[Maharashtra Times]]'' critic Kalpeshraj Kubal wrote, "Prajakta’s expressive dance ensures that ''Phullwanti'' gets a distinct identity."<ref>{{Cite web |title=नर्तिकेच्या अपमानाची धारधार कहाणी! प्राजक्ताची पहिलीच निर्मिती; कसा आहे 'फुलवंती' सिनेमा? |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/phullwanti/moviereview/114135888.cms |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> Santosh Bhingarde of ''[[Sakal]]'' praised the team's hard work, stating, "Mali has made a great impression in both acting and dancing. She has effectively captured the character's self-respect, ego, sacrifice, and love."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhingarde |first=Santosh |date=2024-10-12 |title=Phullwanti Review : सौंदर्य, कला, त्याग, प्रेम आणि संघर्ष यांची कथा; वाचा फुलवंती सिनेमाचा रिव्ह्यू |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/prajakta-mali-and-gashmeer-mahajanis-phullwanti-movie-review-entertainment-news |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=Mr}}</ref> Meanwhile, Anub George from ''The Times of India'' noted, "Mali’s dance falls short of the reputation built for ''Phullwanti''. That said, what Mali lacks in dance, she makes up for with her acting prowess."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Phullwanti Movie Review : A truly grand film, both in style and story |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/phullwanti/movie-review/114149319.cms |access-date=2025-02-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film was declared a hit at the box office, earning {{INRConvert|7.5|c}} worldwide and becoming [[List of Marathi films of 2024#Box office collection|the eighth highest-grossing Marathi film of 2024]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2024-12-15 |title=2024 मध्ये सर्वाधिक कमाई केलेले 10 मराठी चित्रपट तुम्हाला माहिती आहेत काय? |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/mr/!entertainment/do-you-know-the-10-highest-grossing-marathi-movies-at-the-box-office-in-2024-maharashtra-news-mhs24121404770 |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=mr}}</ref> For her performance, she went on to win the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Marathi|Filmfare Marathi Award]] and the Sanskruti Kala Darpan Award for Best Actress, while the film received several nominations for Best Film across various award ceremonies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NDTV Marathi ENT Awards 2025: एनडीटीव्ही मराठी पुरस्कार सोहळ्यात 'फुलवंती'ची बाजी! पाहा सर्व विजेत्यांची यादी.... |url=https://marathi.ndtv.com/entertainment/ndtv-marathi-entertainment-awards-2025-prajakta-mali-won-best-actress-award-look-at-all-winners-here-7786498 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=NDTV Marathi |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Naik |first=Payal |date=2025-02-20 |title=आदिनाथ कोठारेच्या 'पाणी' आणि 'फुलवंती' चा झी चित्र गौरव पुरस्कारात डंका; प्राजक्ता माळीचा आनंद गगनात मावेना |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/adinath-kothare-films-win-big-at-zee-chitra-gaurav-puraskar-awards-psn14 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=Mr}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Other works ==<br />
In July 2021, Mali published the first edition of her poetry collection, ''Prajakta Prabha''. The book was released by veteran writer and lyricist Praveen Davane, along with chief guests Akshay Bardapurkar, [[Amruta Khanvilkar]], [[Pushkar Shrotri]], and Abhijit Panse.<ref>{{Cite web |last=टीम |first=एबीपी माझा वेब |date=2021-07-20 |title=प्राजक्ता माळीचा 'प्राजक्तप्रभा' काव्यसंग्रह रसिकांच्या भेटीला |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/prajakta-mali-launched-her-poetry-books-prajakta-prabha-on-planet-marathi-995246 |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref> Speaking about the book, she said, "I was writing poems for myself, not to get them published or posted on social media. I never dreamed that my poetry collection would come out. It's all coming together by chance."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marathi |first=TV9 |date=2021-07-22 |title=Prajakta Mali : अभिनेत्री प्राजक्ता माळीचा ‘प्राजक्तप्रभा’ काव्यसंग्रह रसिकांच्या भेटीला, चाहत्यांसाठी सोशल मीडियावरुन खास झलक |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/photo-gallery/cinema-photos/actress-prajakta-malis-prajakta-prabha-collection-of-poems-for-fans-glimpse-on-social-media-499209.html |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}</ref> In November of the same year, she released the third edition of her book on the inaugural day of the All India Marathi Literature Conference, organized by Lokhitwadi Mandal, Nashik, in the presence of [[Ministry of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection (Maharashtra)|Food, Civil Supplies, and Consumer Protection Minister]] [[Chhagan Bhujbal]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marathi |first=TV9 |date=2021-11-18 |title=94 व्या अखिल भारतीय साहित्य संमेलनाच्या सांस्कृतिक कार्यक्रमाचा श्रीगणेशा |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/maharashtra/prajakta-mali-release-of-actress-prajakta-malis-prajakta-prabha-collection-of-poems-by-minister-chhagan-bhujbal-580724.html |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}</ref> In January 2023, she launched her traditional jewelry brand, ''PrajaktaRaj'', which was unveiled by [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena|MNS]] President [[Raj Thackeray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=टीम |first=एबीपी माझा वेब |date=6 January 2023 |title=प्राजक्ता माळीच्या 'प्राजक्तराज'चं उद्घाटन; ब्रँडच्या नावावरुन राज ठाकरेंची मिश्किली अन् हशा |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/news/maharashtra/prajakta-mali-started-her-new-jewellery-brand-name-prajaktaraj-raj-thackeray-present-at-opening-ceremony-marathi-news-1138429 |access-date=30 December 2024 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=अडसूळ |first=नीलेश |date=7 January 2023 |title=Prajakta Mali: उद्घाटनाला राज.. ब्रँडच्या नावातही राज.. काय आहे प्राजक्ता माळीचं 'राज' कनेक्शन? |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/why-prajakta-mali-gave-prajaktaraaj-name-for-her-jewellery-brand-opening-by-raj-thackeray-nsa95 |access-date=30 December 2024 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=Mr}}</ref> The brand, known for its affordable jewelry with traditional designs, quickly gained popularity in a short period.<ref>{{Cite web |title=अखेर कळलं! राज ठाकरेंच्या उपस्थितीत प्राजक्ता माळीची मोठी घोषणा |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/prajakta-mali-announces-her-new-venture-prajaktaraj-imitation-jewelry-with-raj-thackarey/articleshow/96796207.cms |access-date=30 December 2024 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
<br />
===Films===<br />
{{Pending films key}}<br />
*''All films are in Marathi, unless otherwise noted the language.''<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Role<br />
! Notes<br />
! Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|2004<br />
|''[[Swades]]''<br />
|College girl<br />
|Hindi film; Uncredited role<br />
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=4 March 2023 |title=Maharashtrachi Hasya Jatra host Prajakta Mali reveals she has worked with Shah Rukh Khan in Swades |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/maharashtrachi-hasya-jatra-host-prajakta-mali-reveals-she-has-worked-with-shah-rukh-khan-in-swades/articleshow/98411743.cms |access-date=6 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2007<br />
|''[[Gandhi, My Father]]''<br />
|Gulab's friend<br />
|Hindi film<br />
|{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} <br />
|-<br />
|2008<br />
|''Taandala – Ek Mukhavta''<br />
|Sonsala<br />
|Child artist<br />
|<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Watch: Prajakta Mali shares a throwback video from the sets of her first Marathi film 'Tandala - Ek Mukhavata' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/watch-prajakta-mali-shares-a-throwback-video-from-the-sets-of-her-first-marathi-film-tandala-ek-mukhavata/articleshow/86004041.cms |access-date=9 March 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=7 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
|''[[Kho-Kho (2013 film)|Kho-Kho]]''<br />
|Suman <br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kho Kho (2013) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/kho-kho-21188/cast-crew|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029191103/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/kho-kho-21188/cast-crew|url-status=live|archive-date=29 October 2021|access-date=28 January 2021|website=Cinestaan}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2014 <br />
|''[[Sangharsh (2014 film)|Sangharsh]]''<br />
|Bijli<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 November 2013|title=मल्टीस्टारर 'संघर्ष'चा फस्ट लूक लाँच, बघा PICS|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/article/BOL-sangharsh-first-look-launched-4449075-PHO.html|access-date=28 January 2021|website=Divya Marathi|language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|''[[Mahanayak Vasant Tu|Mahanayak Vastant Tu]]''<br />
| {{N/A}}<br />
|Guest Appearance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2017<br />
|''[[Hampi (film)|Hampi]]''<br />
|Girija<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title='Hampi' clocks a year: Prajakta Mali releases special teaser of song 'Marugelara' - The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/hampi-clocks-a-year-prajakta-mali-releases-special-teaser-of-song-marugelara/articleshow/66668050.cms|access-date=28 January 2021|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''Anaan''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2018<br />
|''[[Ani... Dr. Kashinath Ghanekar]]''<br />
|[[Asha Kale]]<br />
|Special appearance in song "Gomu Sangtina"<br />
|<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=26 October 2018|title=डॉ. काशिनाथ घाणेकर : गोमू संगतीनं.. गाण्याची जादू पुन्हा अनुभवा!|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/dr-kashinath-ghanekar-subodh-bhave-prajakta-mali-new-song-gomu-sangatine-1779054/|access-date=28 January 2021|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr-IN}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Ranangan]]''<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|Special appearance in song "Vinayaka Gajanana"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Party (2018 film)|Party]]''<br />
|Arpita<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 August 2018|title=रसिकांनाही चढणार 'मैत्रीचा हँँगओव्हर',प्राजक्ता माळीची 'पार्टी' रसिकांच्या भेटीला|url=https://www.lokmat.com/marathi-cinema/prajakta-mali-new-marathi-movie-party-releasing-7th-september-2018/|access-date=28 January 2021|website=[[Lokmat]]|language=mr-IN}}</ref> <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2019 <br />
|''[[Dokyala Shot]]''<br />
|Subbulakshmi Iyengar<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=''Dokyala Shot'': Survat Joshi and Prajakta Mali starrer is a complete laugh riot- The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/dokyala-shot-trailer-survat-joshi-and-prajakta-mali-starrer-is-a-complete-laugh-riot/articleshow/67884252.cms|access-date=7 February 2019|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=7 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi]]''<br />
|Kashi Bai<br />
|Hindi film; Uncredited role<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|''[[Pandu (film)|Pandu]]''<br />
|Karunatai Pathare<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2022<br />
|''[[Pawankhind (film)|Pawankhind]]''<br />
|Shrimant Bhavanibai Bandal<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Luckdown Be Positive]]''<br />
|Sapana<br />
|<br />
|<ref name="spotboye.com">{{Cite web|title='Luck Down': Prajakta Mali Celebrates The Wrap Of Her New Project Alongside Ankush Chaudhari|url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/luck-down-prajakta-mali-celebrates-the-wrap-of-her-new-project-alongside-ankush-chaudhari/5fe31b8890c45f1dda8ed2eb|access-date=23 November 2020|website=spotboye|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ankush Chaudhari and Prajakta Mali's 'Luckdown' teaser is out! - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/ankush-chaudhari-and-prajakta-malis-luckdown-teaser-is-out/articleshow/89408431.cms |access-date=17 May 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=7 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|Chandramukhi]]''<br />
|Naina Chandrapurkar<br />
|Special appearance in the song "Sawaal Jawaab"<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=टीम |first=एबीपी माझा वेब |date=2022-04-26 |title=अमृता आणि प्राजक्तामध्ये रंगणार जुगलबंदी; ‘चंद्रमुखी’मध्ये सवाल-जवाबचा तडका |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/chandramukhi-amruta-khanvilkar-prajakta-mali-song-1053849 |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Y (2022 film)|Y]]''<br />
|Reema<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title='Y': Prajakta Mali Starrer Film 'Y' Reaches Pune International Film Festival (PIFF) in 2020 After Mumbai Film Festival (MAMI) in 2019|url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/prajakta-mali-starrer-film-y-reaches-pune-international-film-festival-piff-in-2020-after-mumbai-film-festival-mami-in-2019/5e1ef706d996471ad814e458|access-date=15 January 2020|website=spotboye|language=en}}</ref><ref name="spotboye.com"/><br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|''[[Teen Adkun Sitaram]]''<br />
|Reva<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teen Adkun Sitaram: "चीनने जगाची ठासली अन् आपण.."; प्राजक्ता माळीच्या तीन अडकून सीतारामचा धमाकेदार टीझर एकदा पाहाच |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/prajakta-mali-teen-adkun-sitaram-marathi-movie-teaser-out-now-maharashtrachi-hasyajatra-drj96 |access-date=13 September 2023 |website=eSakal - Marathi Newspaper |date=6 September 2023 |language=mr-IN}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2024<br />
|''[[Nach Ga Ghuma]]''<br />
|Herself<br />
|Special appearance in the song "Nach Ga Ghuma"<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2024 |title=प्राजक्ता माळीचं 'नाच गं घुमा' चित्रपटाशी आहे खास कनेक्शन! पहिल्यांदाच केला खुलासा; म्हणाली, "माझी पहिली पार्टनरशिप..." |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/prajakta-mali-jewellery-brand-first-partnership-with-naach-ga-ghuma-movie-team-actress-shares-post-sva-00-4351148/ |access-date=13 October 2024 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2024 |title='नाच गं घुमा' चित्रपट पाहणाऱ्या प्रेक्षकांना प्राजक्ता माळीने दिले खास सरप्राईज, म्हणाली 'मी शेवटी...' |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/marathi-actress-prajakta-mali-special-appearance-dance-in-nach-ga-ghuma-movie-along-with-mukta-barve-namrata-sambherao/804245 |access-date=13 October 2024 |website=Zee 24 taas |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Phullwanti]]''<br />
|Phullwanti<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prajakta Mali Mother: 'फुलवंती'मधून प्राजक्ताच्या आईचीही होणार सिनेइंडस्ट्रीत एन्ट्री, उचलली ही महत्त्वाची जबाबदारी |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/prajakta-mali-big-announcement-about-upccoming-marathi-movie-phullwanti-with-mother-shweta-mali-as-co-producer/articleshow/110055365.cms |access-date=15 May 2024 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|''[[ChikiChiki BooBoomBoom]]''<br />
|Ravee<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=शिकलगार |first=स्वालिया न |date=3 January 2025 |title=Chiki Chiki Booboom Boom {{!}}नव्या वर्षात 'चिकी चिकी बुबूम बुम' चित्रपटाची धमाल ट्रीट |url=https://pudhari.news/soneri/chiki-chiki-booboom-boom-new-marathi-movie-in-new-year |access-date=6 February 2025 |website=Pudhari News |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Year <br />
! Show <br />
! Role <br />
! Channel <br />
!Notes<br />
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
|2001<br />
|''Kya Masti Kya Dhoom''<br />
|Contestant<br />
|[[StarPlus|Star Plus]]<br />
|Winner<br />
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=18 December 2020 |title=Prajakta Mali turns nostalgic; cherishes the memories of winning Hindi reality show Kya Masti Kya Dhoom |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/prajakta-mali-turns-nostalgic-cherishes-the-memories-of-winning-hindi-reality-show-kya-masti-kya-dhoom/articleshow/79794001.cms |access-date=6 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2010<br />
|''Firuni Navi Janmen Mi''<br />
|Shreayasee<br />
|[[Fakt Marathi]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2010-2011<br />
|''Bandh Reshmache''<br />
|Aditti<br />
|[[Star Pravah]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| |2011-2013<br />
|''Suvasini''<br />
||Savitri<br />
|[[Star Pravah]]<br />
|<br />
|{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} <br />
|-<br />
| |2013<br />
|''[[Eka Peksha Ek|Eka Peksha Ek - Apsara Aali]]''<br />
|Contestant<br />
|[[Zee Marathi]]<br />
|<br />
|<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title='Y': Eka Peksha Ek Apsara Aali September 17, 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qa9tl1Mwxw0&ab_channel=ZeeMarathi|access-date=18 September 2013|website=youtube| date=18 September 2013 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2013-2015<br />
|''[[Julun Yeti Reshimgathi]]''<br />
|Meghna Desai<br />
|[[Zee Marathi]]<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Re-telecast of Julun Yeti Reshimgathi begins, Prajakta Mali shares about the serial - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/prajakta-mali-shares-happiness-about-re-telecast-of-julun-yeti-reshimgathi/articleshow/77239322.cms|access-date=28 January 2021|website=The Times of India|date=29 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2017<br />
|''[[Naktichya Lagnala Yayach Ha]]''<br />
|Nupur Deshpande<br />
|[[Zee Marathi]]<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 January 2017|title=मेघना झाली नुपूर, वाचा, 'नकटीच्या लग्नाला...'मध्ये मेन लीड साकारणा-या प्राजक्ताविषयी A to Z|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-MB-marathi-actress-prajakta-mali-in-new-marathi-serial-naktichya-lagnala-yaycha-ha-5507965-PHO.html|access-date=28 January 2021|website=Divya Marathi|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/photo-news/manoranjan/1383920/naktichya-lagnala-yaycha-ha-new-serial-on-zee-marathi/|title = Trending & Viral Photos News - Film Photos, Latest Film Pictures, Lifestyle, Sports, Travel, Health, Celebrity Pictures, News Photos Gallery, फोटो गॅलरी}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2018–present<br />
|''[[Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra]]''<br />
| rowspan="3" |Host<br />
|[[Sony Marathi]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|''Mast Maharashtra''<br />
|[[Zee Marathi]]<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title='Maharashtrachi Hasya Jatra' fame Prajakta Mali to host upcoming travel show 'Mast Maharashtra' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/maharashtrachi-hasya-jatra-fame-prajakta-mali-to-host-upcoming-travel-show-mast-maharashtra/articleshow/76710367.cms|access-date=28 January 2021|website=The Times of India|date=30 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021-2023<br />
|''[[Indian Idol Marathi]]''<br />
|[[Sony Marathi]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Web series ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Serial<br />
!Role<br />
!Notes<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|''[[RaanBaazaar]]'' <br />
|Ratna<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 May 2022 |title=RaanBaazaar is a once-in-a-lifetime experience: Senior actor Sachin Khedekar |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/raanbaazaar-is-a-once-in-a-lifetime-experience-senior-actor-sachin-khedekar/articleshow/91682913.cms |access-date=15 May 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2026<br />
|''[[Devkhel]]''<br />
|Sarika Nimkar<br />
|<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Devkhel OTT release date: Here's when and where you can stream Marathi psychological crime thriller series|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/devkhel-ott-release-date-when-where-stream-marathi-psychological-crime-thriller-series/468d3ff90a310|access-date=2026-01-29|website=OTTPlay|language=en}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Accolades ==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"<br />
!Year<br />
!Awards<br />
!Category<br />
!Work<br />
!Result<br />
!{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|Maharashtra Governor Award<br />
|Kamala Rising Stars Award<br />
|Contribution in the Field of Art<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actor Prajakta Mali Receives Kamala Rising Stars Award From Maharashtra Governor |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/actor-prajakta-mali-receives-kamala-rising-stars-award-from-maharashtra-governor-5116663.html |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=टीम |first=एबीपी माझा वेब |date=2022-05-05 |title=प्राजक्ता माळी ठरली 'कमला रायझिंग स्टार' पुरस्कारची मानकरी |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/prajakta-mali-kamala-rising-star-award-by-bhagat-singh-koshyari-governor-of-maharashtra-1056346 |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|e4m Play Streaming Media Awards<br />
|Best Host<br />
|''[[Indian Idol Marathi]]''<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-18 |title=Big honours for actors at e4m The Streaming Awards 2022 - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/digital-news/big-honours-for-actors-at-e4m-the-streaming-awards-2022-120335.html |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[13th MFK Awards|2023]]<br />
| [[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]<br />
| rowspan="1" | [[MFK Award for Favourite Villain|Favourite Villain]]<br />
| style="text-align:left;" |''[[Pandu (film)|Pandu]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=एबीपी माझा एंटरटेनमेंट |date=2023-01-21 |title='Dharmaveer 2' लवकरच येणार प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला! |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/news/dharmaveer-mukkam-post-thane-became-maharashtra-favorite-movie-chief-minister-eknath-shinde-shared-a-special-post-and-congratulated-the-team-of-the-film-1143734 |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Rowspan="3"|2023<br />
|Majja Digital Award<br />
|Best Supporting Actress <br />
|[[Y (2022 film)|''Y'']]<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Zee Yuva Sanman Puraskar<br />
|Tejaswi Chehra (Glamours Face)<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhirvandekar |first=Harshada |title=Prajakta Mali: प्राजक्ता माळी ठरली यंदाचा ‘तेजस्वी चेहरा’, युवा सन्मान सोहळ्यात पटकावला महत्त्वपूर्ण पुरस्कार! |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/actress-prajakta-mali-wins-glamorous-face-award-at-zee-yuva-sanman-awards-141679295560140.html |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Planet Marathi Film and OTT Awards<br />
|Best Actress OTT<br />
|''[[RaanBaazaar]]''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Navarashtra |date=2023-05-05 |title=पहिलावहिला ‘नवराष्ट्र प्लॅनेट मराठी फिल्म ॲन्ड ओटीटी अवॉर्ड’ सोहळा दिमाखात संपन्न |url=https://www.navarashtra.com/movies/navarashtra-planet-marathi-film-and-ott-awards-2023-program-nrsr-395228.html |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Navarashtra |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|[[Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad]]<br />
|Sunitabai Smruti Sahitya Puraskar<br />
|''Prajakta Prabha''<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='अभिनेत्री असताना हा सन्मान मिळणं दुर्मिळ' मानाचा पुरस्कार मिळाल्यानंतर प्राजक्ता माळी भावुक |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/prajakta-mali-was-awarded-sunitabai-smriti-literary-award-of-maharashtra-sahitya-parishad-as-poetess/articleshow/116313846.cms |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2025<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]<br />
| [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Film|Best Film]]<br />
| rowspan="14" |''[[Phullwanti]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prajakta Mali : क्षण आणखी फुलायला लागले... प्राजक्ता माळीच्या आयुष्यात घडली खास गोष्ट, पोस्ट व्हायरल |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/prajakta-mali-share-joy-of-phullwanti-movie-winning-six-awards-at-zee-chitra-gaurav-puraskar-2025/articleshow/118408129.cms |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Naik |first=Payal |date=2025-02-20 |title=आदिनाथ कोठारेच्या 'पाणी' आणि 'फुलवंती' चा झी चित्र गौरव पुरस्कारात डंका; प्राजक्ता माळीचा आनंद गगनात मावेना |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/adinath-kothare-films-win-big-at-zee-chitra-gaurav-puraskar-awards-psn14 |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=Mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| The Most Natural Performance Of The Year<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2025<br />
| rowspan="2" |City Cine Awards<br />
| Best Film<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marathi Cinema's Finest Honored: City Cine Awards Marathi 2024 Results |url=https://www.radiocity.in/ccamarathi |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Radiocity}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Best Actress<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2025<br />
| rowspan="2" |NDTV Marathi Entertainment Awards<br />
| Best Film<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=NDTV Marathi ENT Awards 2025: एनडीटीव्ही मराठी पुरस्कार सोहळ्यात 'फुलवंती'ची बाजी! पाहा सर्व विजेत्यांची यादी.... |url=https://marathi.ndtv.com/entertainment/ndtv-marathi-entertainment-awards-2025-prajakta-mali-won-best-actress-award-look-at-all-winners-here-7786498 |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=marathi.ndtv.com |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Best Actress in a Leading Role<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2025<br />
| rowspan="2" |MaTa Sanman<br />
|Best Film<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=पाणी, इंद्रायणीचा 'मटा सन्मान'वर ठसा; वैदेही, समीर, शर्वरी सर्वोत्कृष्ट, विजेत्यांची संपूर्ण यादी |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/mata-sanmaan/news/mata-sanman-2025-winners-list-aadinath-kothare-vaidehi-parshurami-sharvari-jog-sameer-paranjape-won-best-actor-awards/articleshow/118915210.cms |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Best Actress<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2025<br />
| rowspan="2" |Sanskruti Kala Darpan Awards<br />
|Best Film<br />
|{{won}}<br />
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=सुपरहिट मराठी नाटकं पाहायला मिळणार फक्त १०० रुपयांत! सांस्कृतिक कलादर्पण नाट्यमहोत्सवाची घोषणा |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/sanskruti-kaladarpan-purskar-announcement-superhit-marathi-plays-will-be-available-for-just-rs-100/articleshow/118796978.cms |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Best Actress<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[9th Filmfare Awards Marathi|2025]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Awards Marathi]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Marathi|Best Film]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations for The Filmfare Awards Marathi 2025: Full List Out {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-filmfare-awards-marathi-2025-full-list-out-75328.html |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-11 |title=Filmfare Marathi Award 2025: प्राजक्ता माळीच्या शिरपेचात आणखी एक मानाचा तुरा! सर्वोत्कृष्ट अभिनेत्रीचा मिळाला फिल्मफेअर |url=https://news18marathi.com/entertainment/prajakta-mali-won-filmfare-marathi-award-2025-for-best-actress-phullwanti-ws-b-1433484.html |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=news18marathi.com |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Marathi|Best Actress]]<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|Zee24Taas Marathi Sanman<br />
|Best Actress<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-19 |title=झी 24 तास 'मराठी सन्मान पुरस्कार सोहळा 2025' आज होणार प्रसारित |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/maharashtra/zee-24-taas-marathi-samman-awards-ceremony-2025/948747 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Zee 24 taas |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb name|2983727}}<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes person|prajakta_mali|Prajakta Mali}}<br />
* [https://meetkalakar.com/Artist/2353-Prajakta-Mali Prajakta Mali at Meetkalakar] <br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mali, Prajakta}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1989 births]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi television]]<br />
[[Category:Savitribai Phule Pune University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi actresses]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=INS_Vagli&diff=503552INS Vagli2026-02-12T16:37:33Z<p>RenaldoParadis: Starting New Entry With Sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian submarine}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox ship<br />
|section1={{Infobox ship/image<br />
|image=<br />
|image_caption=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|section2={{Infobox ship/career<br />
|hide_header=<br />
|country=India<br />
|flag={{shipboxflag|India|naval 2004}}<br />
|name= INS ''Vagli''<br />
|namesake=<br />
|ordered=<br />
|builder= <br />
|laid_down=<br />
|launched=19 April 1973<br />
|acquired=<br />
|commissioned= 10 August 1974<br />
|decommissioned= 9 December 2010<br />
|in_service=<br />
|out_of_service=<br />
|struck=<br />
|reinstated=<br />
|fate= <br />
|status= <br />
}}<br />
<br />
|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics<br />
|hide_header= <br />
|header_caption= <br />
|class= {{sclass|Vela|submarine}}<br />
|type= <br />
|displacement=*{{convert|1952|t|LT|0|abbr=on}} surfaced<br />
*{{convert|2475|t|LT|0|abbr=on}} submerged<br />
|length= {{convert|91.3|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<br />
|beam= {{convert|7.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<br />
|draught= {{convert|6|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<br />
|propulsion= <br />
|speed=*{{convert|16|kn|lk=in}} surfaced<br />
*{{convert|15|kn}} submerged<br />
|range=*{{convert|20000|mi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|8|kn|abbr=on}} surfaced<br />
*{{convert|380|mi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn|abbr=on}} submerged<br />
|test_depth= {{convert|250|m|ft|abbr=on}}<br />
|complement= 75 (incl 8 officers)<br />
|sensors= <br />
|EW= <br />
|armament=*10 x {{convert|533|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} [[torpedo tube]]s with 22 SET-65E/SAET-60 torpedoes<br />
*44 [[Naval mine|mines]] in lieu of torpedoes<br />
|armour=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
'''INS ''Vagli'' (S42)''' was a {{sclass|Vela|submarine|0}} diesel-electric [[submarine]] of the [[Indian Navy]], commissioned in 1974.<ref name=in-vela>{{cite web|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/sub_vela.htm |title=Submarines of Indian Navy |access-date=6 August 2009 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619071238/http://indiannavy.nic.in/sub_vela.htm |archive-date=19 June 2009 }}</ref> Along with her sister ship [[INS Vela (S40)|''Vela'']], she spent almost 10 years undergoing a protracted refit by [[Hindustan Shipyard]].<ref name="indiatoday2008">{{cite news|last1=Unnithan|first1=Sandeep|title=Navy's sub induction plan suffers blow|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/web-exclusive/story/navy-s-sub-induction-plan-suffers-blow-33547-2008-11-17|work=India Today|date=17 November 2008}}</ref> After 36 years of active service, INS ''Vagli'' was decommissioned on 9 December 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Navy-retires-INS-Vagli-India-down-to-14-subs/articleshow/7068747.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828182355/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-09/india/28264977_1_submarines-foxtrot-class-defence-acquisitions |url-status=live |archive-date=28 August 2012 |title=Navy retires INS Vagli, India down to 14 subs |last=Pandit |first=Rajat |date=9 December 2010 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brahmand.com/news/Indian-Navys-Foxtrot-submarines-to-retire-soon/3005/3/13.html |title=Indian Navy's Foxtrot submarines to retire soon | date=25 January 2010 | publisher=brahmand.com |access-date=6 July 2019 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100128204819/http://www.brahmand.com/news/Indian-Navys-Foxtrot-submarines-to-retire-soon/3005/3/13.html |archive-date=28 January 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Images: The Last Post for a 36-yr-old warhorse |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-last-post-for-a-36-year-old-war-horse-vagli/20101210.htm |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Submarine museum proposal ==<br />
It has been proposed to convert ''INS Vagli'' into a Submarine museum on the likes of her sister ship ''[[INS Kursura (S20)|INS Kursura]]''. The ship was brought to the [[Chennai Port|Chennai Harbour]] on 25th March 2013 and later moved to [[Mamallapuram|Mammalapuram]] on April 6. and was handed over to the state for conversion into a Maritime Heritage Museum based near Mamallapuram.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-04-28 |title=INS Vagli towed back to Chennai port |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/ins-vagli-towed-back-to-chennai-port/article5953953.ece |access-date=2025-09-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shivakumar |first=C. |date=2013-03-26 |title=Vagli dives into history, to resurrect as Museum |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2013/Mar/26/vagli-dives-into-history-to-resurrect-as-museum-461980.html |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> However, following various contractual setbacks, the process did not come to fruitation and the submarine was towed to a vacant berth at the Chennai port in June 2014. The ship is still maintained by dock officials, though its condition continues to deteriorate.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=India TV News |last2=News |first2=India TV |date=2014-01-27 |title=1 worker dies, 2 injured during maintenance work on INS Vagli |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/latest-news-1-worker-dies-2-injured-maintenance-work-ins-vagli-32964.html |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nair |first=Sthanu R. |date=2020-02-19 |title=Turning ships into museums |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/turning-ships-into-museums/article30863705.ece |access-date=2025-09-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-09-07 |title=What happened to TN's maritime heritage museum plan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/what-happened-to-tns-maritime-heritage-museum-plan/articleshow/54106974.cms |access-date=2025-09-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Foxtrot class submarine}}<br />
{{Submarines of the Indian Navy}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vagli (S42)}}<br />
[[Category:Foxtrot-class submarines]]<br />
[[Category:Ships built at Admiralty Shipyard]]<br />
[[Category:1973 ships]]<br />
[[Category:Vela-class submarines]]<br />
[[Category:Submarines of India]]<br />
[[Category:Museum ships in India]]<br />
<br />
{{submarine-stub}}<br />
{{India-mil-stub}}</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayasree&diff=467176Vijayasree2026-02-12T06:12:43Z<p>RenaldoParadis: general adjust content to improve readability</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actress}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=February 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Vijayasri<br />
| image = Vjayasrees.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1953|01|08}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Travancore–Cochin]] (present-day [[Kerala]], India) <ref>{{Cite web |title=50 കൊല്ലത്തിനിപ്പുറവും മലയാള സിനിമയും വിജയശ്രീയും ബാക്കിവെച്ചത്; അഴിഞ്ഞുവീണ ഒറ്റമുണ്ട്, ബ്ലാക്ക് മെയില്, 21ല് വിജയശ്രീ ജീവിതം മതിയാക്കിയതോ? {{!}} Southlive |url=https://www.southlive.in/voices/after-50-years-malayalam-cinema-left-behind-vijayasree/amp |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=www.southlive.in}}</ref><br />
| death_date = {{Death date|df=yes|1974|03|17}} (aged 21)<br />
| death_place = [[Chennai|Madras]] (now Chennai)<br />
| death_cause = [[Suicide]]<br />
| other_names = Snehalatha<br/>Naseema<br />
| known_for = <br />
| parents = Father : Vasu Pillai<br/>Mother : Vijayamma <ref>{{Cite web |title=50 കൊല്ലത്തിനിപ്പുറവും മലയാള സിനിമയും വിജയശ്രീയും ബാക്കിവെച്ചത്; അഴിഞ്ഞുവീണ ഒറ്റമുണ്ട്, ബ്ലാക്ക് മെയില്, 21ല് വിജയശ്രീ ജീവിതം മതിയാക്കിയതോ? {{!}} Southlive |url=https://www.southlive.in/voices/after-50-years-malayalam-cinema-left-behind-vijayasree/amp |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=www.southlive.in}}</ref><br />
| occupation = [[Actress]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Vijayasree''' was an Indian actress who predominantly worked in [[Malayalam cinema]] in the 1970s. She acted in many movies opposite [[Prem Nazir]] and also worked in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Bollywood|Hindi]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] films.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=P. K. Ajith |date=17 March 2014 |title=40 years hence, Vijayasree still the Marilyn of Malayalam |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/40-years-hence-vijayasree-still-the-marilyn-of-malayalam/article5795244.ece |access-date=12 May 2020 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
Vijaysree was born in a Malayali family, to Vasu Pillai and Vijayamma. Her roots are from [[Travancore–Cochin]] (present-day [[Kerala]], India).<ref>{{Cite web |title=50 കൊല്ലത്തിനിപ്പുറവും മലയാള സിനിമയും വിജയശ്രീയും ബാക്കിവെച്ചത്; അഴിഞ്ഞുവീണ ഒറ്റമുണ്ട്, ബ്ലാക്ക് മെയില്, 21ല് വിജയശ്രീ ജീവിതം മതിയാക്കിയതോ? {{!}} Southlive |url=https://www.southlive.in/voices/after-50-years-malayalam-cinema-left-behind-vijayasree/amp |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=www.southlive.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
Her first appearance onscreen was in the Tamil film ''Chitthi'' (1966). Her first film in Malayalam was ''Poojapushpam'' (1969), directed by the patriarch [[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]]. She ended up being a part of 3 of the 6 movies Thikkurissy directed in his prolific career as a director. She also got to share screen space with the leading lady of the times, [[Sheela]] in her debut movie itself.<br />
<br />
She gained popularity due to her beauty in the Malayalam film history. She was a contemporary of the popular Malayalam actress [[Jayabharathi]]. Her most notable films are ''Angathattu'' (1973), ''Postmane Kananilla'' (1972), ''Lanka Dahanam'' (1971), ''Maravil Thirivu Sookshikkuka'' (1972), ''Pacha Nottukal'' (1973), ''Taxi Car'' (1972), ''Aromalunni'' (1972) and ''Ponnapuram Kotta'' (1973). In all these films, she starred opposite [[Prem Nazir]] and the Prem Nazir-Vijayasree pair created biggest hits in box office. "Theirs was the most successful pair in Malayalam cinema ever, I cannot think of a single film of theirs flopping." says R. Gopalakrishnan, one of the senior-most still photographers in Malayalam cinema. Many of her movies are directed by [[Kunchacko]]. At the end of her career, she parted ways with Kunchacko and joined with [[P. Subramaniam]].<br />
She also acted in a number of Tamil films but in supporting roles. She had played an important role in ''[[Babu (1971 film)|Babu]]'' (1971), a Sivaji Ganesan starrer, as the pair of Sivaji who is killed early in the story. She had also acted opposite Gemini Ganesh in ''Chitthi,'' a hit. Other notable ones are ''Deivamagan'' (1970), ''Adhe Kangal'' (1967) and ''Kulavilakku'' (1968).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-03-17 |title=40 years hence, Vijayasree still the Marilyn of Malayalam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/40-years-hence-vijayasree-still-the-marilyn-of-malayalam/article5795244.ece/amp/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
Many celebrities praised the beauty of Vijayasree. "She is the most beautiful woman I have ever met", said director [[Bharathan]] to his associate, [[Jayaraj]], once. "She was verily the [[Marilyn Monroe]] of Malayalam. No other actress had as many male admirers as she had. No other actress had as many hits as her in such a short span of time. No actress had made such a sudden impact in Malayalam cinema. People went to the theatre to see her, and that is something that has not happened before (her time)", said Jayaraj.{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}} He directed a film ''[[Naayika]]'', by which the character in the movie named "Vani" (played by actress [[Sarayu (actress)|Sarayu]]) portrays slight resemblance to Vijayasree's life.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nayika |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2011/nov/28/nayika-314827.html |website=The New Indian Express |date=16 May 2012 |access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref> "If [[Jayan]] epitomised the essence in manly beauty among male actors, then there has never been an actress in Malayalam whose voluptuous beauty compared to Vijayasree's. Her graceful statuesque beauty was almost a symbol of God's artistry", said actor [[Kaduvakulam Antony]]. Many actors and directors said, due to the bad fate, Malayalam film fans could not see the great Jayan-Vijayasree combination on the screen. "She was extremely beautiful of course, but she was a capable performer too.", said actor [[Raghavan (actor)|Raghavan]].<br />
<br />
She committed suicide at the age of 21 on 17 March 1974.<ref name="Mollywood celebs’ most shocking suicides">{{Cite news |title=Mollywood celebs' most shocking suicides |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/photo-features/mollywood-celebs-most-shocking-suicides/photostory/48682114.cms |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=The Times of India|date=26 August 2015 }}</ref> However, there were lot of controversies around the suicide and many still believe that she was murdered.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marilyn Monroe of Malayalam; Vijayasree's death remains a mystery even after 50 years |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news-amp.php?id=1371018&u=marilyn-monroe-of-malayalam-vijayasrees-death-remains-a-mystery-even-after-50-years-1371018 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=keralakaumudi.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
Vijayasree loved children with all her innocence, she used to distribute sweets or candies whenever she saw children nearby.{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}<br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
<br />
===Malayalam===<br />
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
# ''[[Youvanam]]'' (1974) as Minikutti<br />
# ''Alakal'' (1974)<br />
# ''[[Jeevikkan Marannupoya Sthree]]'' (1974)<br />
# ''[[Ajnathavasam]]'' (1973) as Kunjulakshmi<br />
# ''[[Angathattu]]'' (1973) as Archa<br />
# ''[[Padmavyooham (1973 film)|Padmavyooham]]'' (1973) as Jaya, Rani (Double role)<br />
# ''[[Panchavadi]]'' (1973) as Nalini<br />
# ''[[Veendum Prabhatham]]'' (1973) as Sarojam<br />
# ''[[Pavangal Pennungal]]'' (1973)<br />
# ''[[Ponnapuram Kotta]]'' (1973)<br />
# ''[[Thiruvabharanam (film)|Thiruvabharanam]]'' (1973)<br />
# ''[[Swargaputhri]]'' (1973) as Lisy<br />
# ''[[Thenaruvi]]'' (1973) as Neeli<br />
# ''[[Pacha Nottukal]]'' (1973) as Leenamma<br />
# ''[[Thaniniram]]'' (1973) as Radha<br />
# ''[[Prethangalude Thazhvara]]'' (1973)<br />
# ''[[Kaadu (1973 Malayalam film)|Kaadu]]'' (1973) as Maala<br />
# ''[[Aromalunni]]'' (1972)<br />
# ''[[Manthrakodi]]'' (1972)<br />
# ''[[Maravil Thirivu Sookshikkuka]]'' (1972) as Indumathi<br />
# ''[[Postmane Kananilla]]'' (1972) as Kamalam<br />
# ''[[Pushpanjali (film)|Pushpanjali]]'' (1972) as Usha<br />
# ''[[Aadhyathe Katha|Adyathe Kadha]]'' (1972) as Rajakumari<br />
# ''[[Anweshanam]]'' (1972)<br />
# ''[[Maaya (1972 film)|Maaya]]'' (1972) as Kamala<br />
# ''[[Professor (1972 film)|Professor]]'' (1972) as Mayadevi<br />
# ''[[Sree Guruvayoorappan (1972 film)|Sree Guruvayoorappan]]'' (1972)<br />
# ''[[Sambhavami Yuge Yuge]]'' (1972) as Sumathy<br />
# ''[[Taxi Car]]'' (1972) as Rani<br />
# ''[[Shiksha (film)|Shiksha]]'' (1971) as Dancer<br />
# ''[[Bobanum Moliyum (film)|Bobanum Moliyum]]'' (1971)<br />
# ''[[Lanka Dahanam]]'' (1971) as Rajani<br />
# ''[[Marunnattil Oru Malayali]]'' (1971) as Geetha<br />
# ''[[Achante Bharya]]'' (1971) as Omana<br />
# ''[[Palunkupaathram]]'' (1970)<br />
# ''[[Dathuputhran]]'' (1970) as Vanaja<br />
# ''[[Othenante Makan]]'' (1970) as Kunji Kunki<br />
# ''[[Detective 909 Keralathil]]'' (1970)<br />
# ''[[Rakthapushpam]]'' (1970)<br />
# ''[[Poojapushpam]]'' (1969)<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Tamil===<br />
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
# ''[[Chitthi]]'' (1966)<br />
# ''[[Athey Kangal (1967 film)|Adhey Kangal]]'' (1967)<br />
# ''[[Naan (1967 film)|Naan]]'' (1967)<br />
# ''Kulavilakku'' (1968)<br />
# ''Naalum Therindhavan'' (1968)<br />
# ''Neeyum Naanum'' (1968)<br />
# ''[[Deiva Magan]]'' (1969)<br />
# ''Thalattu'' (1969)<br />
# ''Nilave Nee Satchi'' (1970)<br />
# ''[[Thedi Vandha Mappillai]]'' (1970) as a seducer<br />
# ''Kathal Jothi'' (1970)<br />
# ''[[Babu (1971 film)|Babu]]'' (1971) as Kannamma<br />
# ''Yanai Valartha Vanampadi Magan'' (1971)<br />
# ''Delhi To Madras'' (1972)<br />
# ''[[Kanimuthu Paappa]]'' (1972)<br />
# ''[[Maru Piravi]]'' (1973)<br />
# ''[[Kaadu (1973 Malayalam film)|Malai Naattu Mangai]]'' (1973)<br />
# ''[[Akkarai Pachai]]'' (1974) - Last movie in Tamil<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Kannada===<br />
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
# ''[[Bangalore Mail]]'' (1968)<br />
# ''[[Broker Bheeshmachari]]'' (1969)<br />
# ''[[Sri Krishnadevaraya (film)|Sri Krishnadevaraya]]'' (1970)<br />
# ''[[Naguva Hoovu]]'' (1970)<br />
# ''[[Kasturi Nivasa]]'' (1971)<br />
# ''[[Nanda Gokula]]'' (1972)<br />
# ''[[Janma Rahasya]]'' (1972)<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Telugu===<br />
# ''[[Bhimanjaneya Yuddham]]'' (1966)<br />
# ''[[Rangula Ratnam (1966 film)|Rangula Ratnam]]'' (1966)<br />
# ''[[Manchi Kutumbam]]'' (1968)<br />
# ''Prema Kanuka'' (1969)<br />
# ''[[Ukku Pidugu]]''<ref>{{Citation |title=Ukku Pidugu Telugu Length Movie {{!}} Kaantha Rao {{!}} RajaShree {{!}} Raajanala {{!}} TVNXT Telugu | date=8 August 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxqRiyGx-Xw |access-date=2024-01-13 |language=en}}</ref> (1969) as Sarpakesi, Nagakanya<br />
# ''[[Jeevitha Chakram]]'' (1971)<br />
# ''[[Revolver Rani 1971 film|Revolver Rani]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revolver Rani (1971) |url=https://indiancine.ma/OQX |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1971) as Lilly<br />
# ''[[Kathanayakuralu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kathanayakuralu (1971) |url=https://indiancine.ma/OLR/info |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1971) as Hema<br />
# ''[[Kiladi Bullodu]]'' (1972)<br />
# ''Kalavari Kutumbam''<ref>{{cite web |title=Kalavari Kutumbam (1972) |url=https://indiancine.ma/PBJ/info |website=Indiancine.ma |access-date=18 April 2023}}</ref> (1972) as Ruby<br />
# ''[[Dora Babu]]'' (1974)<br />
# ''[[Nippulanti Manishi (1974 film)|Nippulanti Manishi]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nippulanti Manishi (1974) |url=https://indiancine.ma/QKJ |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> (1974) as Rani<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304004147/http://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Vijayasree&limit=39 Vijayasree at MSI]<br />
*{{IMDb name | id= nm5117465 }}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Thiruvananthapuram]]<br />
[[Category:1974 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:1953 births]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]<br />
[[Category:1974 suicides]]<br />
[[Category:Female suicides]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatpedia:WikiProject_Kollam&diff=545356Bharatpedia:WikiProject Kollam2026-02-10T08:48:45Z<p>RenaldoParadis: stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{WikiProject status|Defunct|parent=Kerala|sc1=WP:KLM}}<br />
{{Wikipedia:WikiProject India/Navigation}}<br />
The WikiProject Kollam is a project aims to organize and improve articles related to [[Kollam]] (Quilon).<br />
<br />
==Scope==<br />
<br />
# Creation of a generally standard look and feel for all articles related to Kollam and Kollam district.<br />
# To produce as many [[Wikipedia:Featured articles|Featured Articles]] as possible related to Kollam and Kollam district.<br />
<br />
==[[Image:Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg|20px|Participants]]Participants==<br />
<br />
'''If you would like to be a member of the project, sign your name below, after the last signee, with <nowiki>"#~~~~"</nowiki> (four [[tildes]]).<br />
<!--Please add your name to the bottom of the list. Copy a previous entry and modify it to your specific info.--><onlyinclude><br />
<br />
#[[User:Path slopu|Path slopu]] ([[User talk:Path slopu|talk]]) 13:37, 26 February 2018 (UTC)<br />
#[[User:Arunsunilkollam|Arun Sunil Kollam]] ([[User talk:Arunsunilkollam|talk]]) 14:48, 26 February 2018 (UTC)<br />
#[[User:Arunvrparavur|Arun V R]] ([[User talk:Arunvrparavur|talk]]) 06:05, 6 March 2018 (UTC)<br />
#[[User:Aravind V R|Aravind V R]] ([[User talk:Aravind V R|talk]]) 04:35, 4 April 2018 (UTC)<br />
#[[User:Jinoytommanjaly|Jinoy Tom Jacob]] ([[User talk:Jinoytommanjaly|talk]]) 16:10, 11 June 2018 (UTC)<br />
#[[User:Naveenrlk|Naveenrlk]] ([[User talk:Naveenrlk|talk]]) 14:21, 15 November 2018 (UTC)<br />
# [[User:Akhilan|Akhilan]] ([[User talk:Akhilan|talk]]) 14:34, 20 July 2024 (UTC)<br />
</onlyinclude><br />
<br />
==Templates==<br />
<br />
===User boxes===<br />
<br />
You can use these template in your user page.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Wikimarkup !! Template<br />
|-<br />
|{{tl|User Kollam}}||{{User Kollam}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{tl|User Malayali Kollamite}}||{{User Malayali Kollamite}}<br />
|-<br />
|{{tl|User WikiProject Kollam}}||{{User Wikiproject Kollam}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==You can do!==<br />
<br />
You can improve all the articles mentioned below in the Kollam template.<br />
<br />
<br />
===History of Kollam===<br />
* [[Kollam Azhintha Andu]]<br />
<br />
==Parentage==<br />
<br />
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject India]]<br />
**[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]]<br />
*[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Kerala]]<br />
<br />
==Discussion==<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Kollam]]<br />
<br />
{{Kollam |state=expanded}}<br />
{{sisterlinks|Kollam}} <br />
{{Help navigation}}<br />
{{Wikipedia policies and guidelines}}<br />
{{WikiProject Footer}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:WikiProject Cities|Kollam]]<br />
[[Category:WikiProject Kerala]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ranaghat_district&diff=529472Ranaghat district2026-02-05T18:19:00Z<p>RenaldoParadis: Creating</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Proposed district in West Bengal, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Ranaghat<br />
| native_name = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of West Bengal|Proposed District]]<br />
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage<br />
| photo1a = <br />
| photo2a = <br />
| photo2b = <br />
| photo3a = <br />
| photo3b = <br />
| photo4a = <br />
| size = 300<br />
| foot_montage = <br />
}}<br />
| image_map = <!-- Ranaghat in West Bengal (India).svg --><br />
| mapsize = 300<br />
| map_caption = Location of Ranaghat district in West Bengal<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|23.18|N|88.58|E|display=title,inline|type:adm2nd_region:IN-WB}}<br />
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of West Bengal (Banglarmukh) before 2018.png}} [[West Bengal]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of West Bengal|Division]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Presidency division|Presidency]]<br />
| seat_type = Headquarters<br />
| seat = [[Ranaghat]]<br />
| leader_title = [[List of subdivisions of West Bengal|Subdivisions]]<br />
| leader_name = [[Ranaghat subdivision|Ranaghat Sadar]], [[Kalyani subdivision|Kalyani]]<br />
| leader_title1 = [[Community Development Block|CD Blocks]]<br />
| leader_name1 = [[Hanskhali (community development block)|Hanskhali]], [[Santipur (community development block)|Santipur]], [[Ranaghat I]], [[Ranaghat II]], [[Chakdaha (community development block)|Chakdaha]], [[Haringhata (community development block)|Haringhata]]<br />
| leader_title2 = [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]<br />
| leader_name2 = [[Ranaghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranaghat]], [[Bangaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangaon]]<br />
| leader_title3 = [[List of constituencies of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]<br />
| leader_name3 = [[Santipur Assembly constituency|Santipur]], [[Ranaghat Uttar Paschim Assembly constituency|Ranaghat Uttar Paschim]], [[Ranaghat Uttar Purba Assembly constituency|Ranaghat Uttar Purba]], [[Ranaghat Dakshin Assembly constituency|Ranaghat Dakshin]], [[Chakdaha Assembly constituency|Chakdaha]], [[Kalyani Assembly constituency|Kalyani]], [[Haringhata Assembly constituency|Haringhata]]<br />
| total_type = Total<br />
| area_total_km2 = 1,420.15<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_total = 2,324,324<br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| population_urban = 1,281,271<br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| demographics_type1 = Demographics<br />
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]<br />
| demographics1_info1 = 78.73 per cent<br />
| demographics1_title2 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]<br />
| demographics1_info2 = 947 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]<br />
| demographics_type2 = Languages<br />
| demographics2_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics2_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=Wb.gov.in|access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=5 July 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref><br />
| demographics2_title2 = Additional&nbsp;official<br />
| demographics2_info2 = [[English language|English]]<ref name="wblangoff"/><br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +05:30<br />
| website = {{URL|https://ranaghatpolice.wb.gov.in/}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ranaghat district''' is a proposed district to be created in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. The district would be carved out from the existing [[Nadia district]]. The district headquarters would be [[Ranaghat]].<ref>{{cite web |title=নতুন জেলা রানাঘাট, বদলে যাওয়া ইতিহাসে ছিন্নমূল হওয়ার আশঙ্কা একাংশের |url=https://eisamay.com/west-bengal-news/krishna-nagar/ranaghat-will-be-a-new-district-separated-from-nadia-various-opinions-about-the-naming-of-new-district/articleshow/93278963.cms |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=EiSamay |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='নদিয়া' থেকে 'রানাঘাট', মুখ্যমন্ত্রীর 'নতুন জেলা' ঘোষণায় যা বলছেন এলাকাবাসী |url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/nadia/nadia-news-what-local-people-are-saying-on-name-change-announcement-by-cm-mamata-banerjee-lcn-sanj-860182.html |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=News18 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=রানাঘাট জেলা! মানতে নারাজ শান্তিপুরবাসী, উঠছে 'নদিয়া দক্ষিণ' নামের দাবি |url=https://eisamay.com/west-bengal-news/krishna-nagar/santipur-citizens-protest-against-west-bengal-government-decision-to-create-new-ranaghat-district-from-nadia/articleshow/93291963.cms |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=EiSamay |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=‘রানাঘাট’ নাম নাপসন্দ জেলাবাসীর, ‘নদিয়া উত্তর’ ও ‘নদিয়া দক্ষিণ’ করার ভাবনা প্রশাসনিক স্তরে |url=https://tv9bangla.com/west-bengal/nadia/administration-is-reportedly-discussing-to-change-name-of-new-district-of-ranaghat-au50-618345.html |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=TV9 Bangla |language=bn}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In May 2019, the [[Government of West Bengal]] announced its intention to create the district in the near future. Under this proposal, Ranaghat district will be created from six [[Community Development Block|community development blocks]] namely [[Hanskhali (community development block)|Hanskhali]], [[Santipur (community development block)|Santipur]], [[Ranaghat I]], [[Ranaghat II]], [[Chakdaha (community development block)|Chakdaha]] and [[Haringhata (community development block)|Haringhata]] in [[Nadia district]]. In August 2022, the cabinet of West Bengal gave "in-principle approval" to the district's formation.<ref>{{cite web |title=রাজ্যে ২৩ জেলা বেড়ে হবে ৩০! নতুন সাত জেলা ছ’মাসের মধ্যে, ঘোষণা মুখ্যমন্ত্রীর |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/mamata-banerjee-announces-seven-new-districts-will-be-formed-in-west-bengal-dgtl-photogallery/cid/1360091 |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Anandabazar Patrika |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=রাজ্যে নতুন ৭ জেলা, এক নজরে কোন কোন জেলা ভাগ হল |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/kolkata/story/mamata-banerjee-announced-7-new-districts-west-bengal-know-name-these-districts-sbm-430955-2022-08-01 |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=AajTak Bangla |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=রাজ্যে ৭ নতুন জেলার ঘোষণা মুখ্যমন্ত্রীর |url=https://eisamay.com/west-bengal-news/kolkata-news/mamata-banerjee-chief-minister-announces-7-new-district-names-in-west-bengal/articleshow/93268507.cms |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=EiSamay |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=২৩ থেকে বেড়ে পশ্চিমবঙ্গে জেলার সংখ্যা হল ৩০! কোন জেলা ভেঙে কোন জেলা তৈরি হল? |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/pictures/news-districts-in-west-bengal-check-full-list-as-mamata-banerjee-announces-7-new-districts-to-take-it-to-30-31659350249500.html |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=bn}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=West Bengal To Get 7 New Districts, Announces Mamata Banerjee |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/west-bengal-to-get-7-new-districts-announces-mamata-banerjee-3213052 |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=West Bengal to have 7 new districts in six months for better administration |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/west-bengal-to-have-7-new-districts-in-six-months-for-better-administration/articleshow/93286162.cms |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Explained: 7 new districts in West Bengal — how and why are districts created or abolished in India? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-7-new-districts-west-bengal-districts-created-abolished-8064221/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=West Bengal to get 7 new districts, announces CM Mamata Banerjee |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/west-bengal-to-get-7-new-districts-announces-cm-mamata-banerjee-11659346022057.html |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Mint |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Districts of West Bengal}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ranaghat District}}<br />
[[Category:Proposed districts of West Bengal]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{WestBengal-geo-stub}}</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bishnupur_district,_West_Bengal&diff=491922Bishnupur district, West Bengal2026-02-05T18:17:29Z<p>RenaldoParadis: location - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Proposed district in West Bengal, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Bishnupur<br />
| native_name = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of West Bengal|Proposed District]]<br />
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage<br />
| photo1a = <br />
| photo2a = <br />
| photo2b = <br />
| photo3a = <br />
| photo3b = <br />
| photo4a = <br />
| size = 300<br />
| foot_montage = <br />
}}<br />
| image_map = <!-- Bishnupur in West Bengal (India).svg --><br />
| mapsize = 300<br />
| map_caption = Location of Bishnupur district in West Bengal<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|23|04|26|N|87|19|12|E|display=title,inline|type:adm2nd_region:IN-WB}}<br />
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of West Bengal (Banglarmukh) before 2018.png}} [[West Bengal]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of West Bengal|Division]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Medinipur division|Medinipur]]<br />
| seat_type = Headquarters<br />
| seat = [[Bishnupur (West Bengal)|Bishnupur]]<br />
| leader_title = [[List of subdivisions of West Bengal|Subdivisions]]<br />
| leader_name = [[Bishnupur subdivision|Bishnupur Sadar]]<br />
| leader_title1 = [[Community Development Block|CD Blocks]]<br />
| leader_name1 = [[Sonamukhi (community development block)|Sonamukhi]], [[Bishnupur, Bankura (community development block)|Bishnupur]], [[Patrasayer (community development block)|Patrasayer]], [[Joypur, Bankura (community development block)|Joypur]], [[Indas (community development block)|Indas]], [[Kotulpur (community development block)|Kotulpur]]<br />
| leader_title2 = [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]<br />
| leader_name2 = [[Bishnupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bishnupur]]<br />
| leader_title3 = [[List of constituencies of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]<br />
| leader_name3 = [[Bishnupur, Bankura (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bishnupur]], [[Katulpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Katulpur]], [[Indas (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Indas]], [[Sonamukhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sonamukhi]]<br />
| total_type = Total<br />
| area_total_km2 = 1870.75<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_total = 1,111,935<br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| population_urban = 105,351<br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| demographics_type1 = Demographics<br />
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]<br />
| demographics1_info1 = 70.28 per cent<br />
| demographics1_title2 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]<br />
| demographics1_info2 = 914 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]<br />
| demographics_type2 = Languages<br />
| demographics2_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics2_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=Wb.gov.in|access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=5 July 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref><br />
| demographics2_title2 = Additional&nbsp;official<br />
| demographics2_info2 = [[English language|English]]<ref name="wblangoff"/><br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +05:30<br />
| website = {{URL|https://bankura.gov.in/}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Bishnupur district''' is a proposed district to be created in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. The district would be carved out from the existing [[Bankura district]]. The district headquarters would be [[Bishnupur (West Bengal)|Bishnupur]].<ref>{{cite web |title=New District: Bishnupur residents excited with CM statement |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/new-district-bishnupur-residents-excited-cm-statement-1503096036.html |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ভাঙছে জেলা, আবেগও দু’ভাগ |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/purulia-birbhum-bankura/bishnupur-to-be-the-new-district-seperated-from-bankura/cid/1360224 |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Anandabazar Patrika |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=বাঁকুড়া-বিষ্ণুপুর ভাগ হলে ধাক্কা খেতে পারে ঐতিহ্যবাহী সংস্কৃতি, আশঙ্কা জেলাবাসীর |url=https://tv9bangla.com/west-bengal/bankura/residents-of-bankura-are-fearing-of-cultural-heritage-of-the-district-as-announcement-of-bishnupur-au50-618583.html |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=TV9 Bangla |language=bn}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In May 2019, the [[Government of West Bengal]] announced its intention to create the district in the near future. Under this proposal, Bishnupur district will be created from six [[Community Development Block|community development blocks]] namely [[Sonamukhi (community development block)|Sonamukhi]], [[Bishnupur, Bankura (community development block)|Bishnupur]], [[Patrasayer (community development block)|Patrasayer]], [[Joypur, Bankura (community development block)|Joypur]], [[Indas (community development block)|Indas]] and [[Kotulpur (community development block)|Kotulpur]] in [[Bankura district]]. In August 2022, the cabinet of West Bengal gave "in-principle approval" to the district's formation.<ref>{{cite web |title=রাজ্যে ২৩ জেলা বেড়ে হবে ৩০! নতুন সাত জেলা ছ’মাসের মধ্যে, ঘোষণা মুখ্যমন্ত্রীর |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/mamata-banerjee-announces-seven-new-districts-will-be-formed-in-west-bengal-dgtl-photogallery/cid/1360091 |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Anandabazar Patrika |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=রাজ্যে নতুন ৭ জেলা, এক নজরে কোন কোন জেলা ভাগ হল |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/kolkata/story/mamata-banerjee-announced-7-new-districts-west-bengal-know-name-these-districts-sbm-430955-2022-08-01 |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=AajTak Bangla |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=রাজ্যে ৭ নতুন জেলার ঘোষণা মুখ্যমন্ত্রীর |url=https://eisamay.com/west-bengal-news/kolkata-news/mamata-banerjee-chief-minister-announces-7-new-district-names-in-west-bengal/articleshow/93268507.cms |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=EiSamay |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=২৩ থেকে বেড়ে পশ্চিমবঙ্গে জেলার সংখ্যা হল ৩০! কোন জেলা ভেঙে কোন জেলা তৈরি হল? |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/pictures/news-districts-in-west-bengal-check-full-list-as-mamata-banerjee-announces-7-new-districts-to-take-it-to-30-31659350249500.html |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=bn}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=West Bengal To Get 7 New Districts, Announces Mamata Banerjee |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/west-bengal-to-get-7-new-districts-announces-mamata-banerjee-3213052 |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=West Bengal to have 7 new districts in six months for better administration |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/west-bengal-to-have-7-new-districts-in-six-months-for-better-administration/articleshow/93286162.cms |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Explained: 7 new districts in West Bengal — how and why are districts created or abolished in India? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-7-new-districts-west-bengal-districts-created-abolished-8064221/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=West Bengal to get 7 new districts, announces CM Mamata Banerjee |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/west-bengal-to-get-7-new-districts-announces-cm-mamata-banerjee-11659346022057.html |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Mint |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Districts of West Bengal}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bishnupur District}}<br />
[[Category:Proposed districts of West Bengal]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{WestBengal-geo-stub}}</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bansi_Ram&diff=489664Bansi Ram2026-01-20T17:11:32Z<p>RenaldoParadis: Starting</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br />
'''Bansi Ram''' was an [[Indian people|Indian]] politician and a leader of [[Communist Party of India]] from [[Himachal Pradesh]]. He represented the [[Baijnath (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|<br />
Baijnath constituency]] from 1967 to 1972.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3801-himachal-pradesh-1967/ |title=Himachal Pradesh 1967 - Himachal Pradesh - Election Commission of India |access-date=2022-03-05 |archive-date=2021-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019231419/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3801-himachal-pradesh-1967/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/himachal-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/baijnath.html|title=Baijnath Assembly constituency 2017 Election, Date, Results & Candidate lists|website=Elections in India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ram, B.}}<br />
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 1967–1972]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{HimachalPradesh-politician-stub}}</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anand_Lok_Sabha_constituency&diff=486259Anand Lok Sabha constituency2026-01-19T05:01:08Z<p>RenaldoParadis: Stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Gujarat}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Anand<br />
| type = LS<br />
| map_image = આણંદ – Anand.svg<br />
| map_caption = Anand Lok Sabha Constituency <br> આણંદ લોક સભા મતદાર વિભાગ<br />
| established = 1957<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| mp = [[Miteshbhai Patel]]<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]<br />
| state = [[Gujarat]]<br />
| electors = 17,80,182<br />
| assembly_cons = [[Khambhat Assembly constituency|Khambhat]]<br />[[Borsad Assembly constituency|Borsad]]<br />[[Anklav Assembly constituency|Anklav]]<br />[[Umreth Assembly constituency|Umreth]]<br />[[Anand Assembly constituency|Anand]]<br />[[Petlad Assembly constituency|Petlad]]<br />[[Sojitra Assembly constituency|Sojitra]]<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| incumbent_image = Mitesh Patel Bakabhai.jpg<br />
}}<br />
'''Anand''' is one of the 26 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Gujarat]] state in Western [[India]].<br />
<br />
==Assembly segments==<br />
Presently, Anand Lok Sabha constituency comprises seven [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments. These are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceogujarat.nic.in/site/download/FINAL_ROLL_2009.pdf |title=Parliament Constituency wise Electors Detail, Polling Stations & EPIC - Loksabha Election 2009 |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Gujarat website |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416162919/http://ceogujarat.nic.in/site/download/FINAL_ROLL_2009.pdf |archivedate=2009-04-16 }}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! width="50px" style="font-size:75%" |Constituency number<br />
! width="200px" |Name<br />
! width="120px" style="font-size:75%" |Reserved for ([[Dalit|SC]]/[[Adivasi|ST]]/None)<br />
! width="150px" |District<br />
! colspan="2"|Party<br />
! colspan="2"|2024 Lead<br />
|-<br />
|108<br />
|[[Khambhat Assembly constituency|Khambhat]]<br />
|None<br />
| rowspan="7" |[[Anand district|Anand]]<br />
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|109<br />
|[[Borsad Assembly constituency|Borsad]]<br />
|None<br />
|-<br />
|110<br />
|[[Anklav Assembly constituency|Anklav]]<br />
|None<br />
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|111<br />
|[[Umreth Assembly constituency|Umreth]]<br />
|None<br />
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<br />
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<br />
|-<br />
|112<br />
|[[Anand Assembly constituency|Anand]]<br />
|None<br />
|-<br />
|113<br />
|[[Petlad Assembly constituency|Petlad]]<br />
|None<br />
|-<br />
|114<br />
|[[Sojitra Assembly constituency|Sojitra]]<br />
|None<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Members of Parliament==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Winner<br />
! colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]<br />
|[[Maniben Patel]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Narendrasingh Mahida<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]<br />
|[[Pravinsinh Solanki]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (O)}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]<br />
|[[Ajitsinh Dabhi]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress| rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Ishwarbhai Chavda]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]<br />
|Natubhai Manibhai Patel<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Ishwarbhai Chavda]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress| rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]<br />
|Dipakbhai Patel<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatsinh Madhavsinh Solanki|Bharatsinh Solanki]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress| rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<br />
|[[Dilipbhai Patel]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party| rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|[[Mitesh Rameshbhai Patel]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
<br />
===2024===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]]}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate= [[Mitesh Rameshbhai Patel]]<br />
|party= Bharatiya Janata Party <br />
|votes=6,12,484<br />
|percentage=52.44<br />
|change={{down}}4.66<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate= [[Amit Chavda]]<br />
|party= Indian National Congress <br />
|votes=5,22,545<br />
|percentage=44.74<br />
|change={{up}}5.47<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = NOTA<br />
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]<br />
|votes = 15,930<br />
|percentage = 1.36<br />
|change = {{down}}0.30<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party =Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate =Sureshbhai Dhulabhai Patel<br />
|votes = 5,831<br />
|percentage = 0.50<br />
|change =''N/A''<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate |<br />
|party =[[Independent politician|IND]]<br />
|candidate = Bhoi Ashishkumar Thakorbhai<br />
|votes = 5,542<br />
|percentage = 0.47<br />
|change =''N/A''<br />
}} <br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes =89,939<br />
|percentage =7.70<br />
|change ={{down}}10.13<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 11,70,984<br />
|percentage =65.76<br />
|change ={{down}}1.28<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = BJP<br />
|loser = <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2019===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: Anand<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/1551-general-election-2019-including-vellore-pc/ |title=General Election 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Mitesh Rameshbhai Patel]]<br />
|votes = 6,33,097<br />
|percentage = 57.10<br />
|change = +6.55<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Bharatsinh Solanki]]<br />
|votes = 4,35,379<br />
|percentage = 39.27<br />
|change = -4.75<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Right to Recall Party<br />
|candidate = Bhatt Sunilkumar Narendrabhai<br />
|votes = 1,155<br />
|percentage = 0.1<br />
|change = N/A<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = None of the Above<br />
|votes = 18,392<br />
|percentage = 1.66<br />
|change = -0.08<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 1,97,718<br />
|percentage = 17.83<br />
|change = +11.30<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 11,10,084<br />
|percentage = 67.04<br />
|change = +2.15<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party <br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===General election 2014===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]]<ref name="auto">CEO Gujarat. ''[http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Contesting_Candidates_LS2014.PDF Contesting Candidates LS2014] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514025434/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Contesting_Candidates_LS2014.PDF |date=14 May 2014 }}''</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS0620.htm?ac=20|title=Constituencywise-All Candidates|publisher=ECI|access-date=17 May 2014|archive-date=17 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517135238/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS0620.htm?ac=20|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Dilip Patel]]<br />
|votes = 4,90,829<br />
|percentage = 50.55<br />
|change = +8.94<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Bharatsinh Solanki]]<br />
|votes = 4,27,403<br />
|percentage = 44.02<br />
|change = -7.55<br />
|Result =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Independent (politician)<br />
|candidate = Firojbhai Vahora<br />
|votes = 6,689<br />
|percentage = 0.69<br />
|change = ---<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]<br />
|votes = 16,872<br />
|percentage = 1.74<br />
|change = ---<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 63,426<br />
|percentage = 6.53<br />
|change = -3.43<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 9,71,262<br />
|percentage = 64.89<br />
|change = +16.48<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party <br />
|loser = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = +5.17<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== General elections 2009 ===<br />
<br />
This is the result of 2009 Lok Sabha election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf |title=General Elections, 2009 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=17 May 2014 |archive-date=2 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802000135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]]<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/>}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Bharatsinh Solanki]]<br />
|votes = 3,48,652<br />
|percentage = 51.57%<br />
|change = <br />
|Result = Win<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Dipakbhai Patel<br />
|votes = 2,81,336<br />
|percentage = 41.61%<br />
|change = <br />
|Result =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Nationalist Congress Party<br />
|candidate = Babubhai Parmar<br />
|votes = 6,257<br />
|percentage = 0.93%<br />
|change = <br />
|Result = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 67,318<br />
|percentage = 9.96%<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 6,76,379<br />
|percentage = 48.41%<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===General elections 2004===<br />
<br />
This is the result of 2004 Lok Sabha elections.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf |title = Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=27 June 2017 |archive-date=18 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718190634/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections]]: [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]]<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/>}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = [[Bharatsinh Solanki]]<br />
|votes = 3,07,762<br />
|percentage = 52.00%<br />
|change = <br />
|Result = Win<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = Jayprakash Patel<br />
|votes = 2,46,677<br />
|percentage = 41.67%<br />
|change = <br />
|Result =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 61,085<br />
|percentage = 10.33%<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 5,91,842<br />
|percentage = 51.66%<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link|<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Anand District]]<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Gujarat}}<br />
{{Anand district}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|22.6|72.9|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Anand district]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katihar%E2%80%93Siliguri_Intercity_Express_(via_Barsoi)&diff=508945Katihar–Siliguri Intercity Express (via Barsoi)2026-01-13T18:52:20Z<p>RenaldoParadis: Starting The Location More To Come</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Train in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox rail service<br />
| name = Katihar-Siliguri Intercity Express<br />
| logo = Ministry of Railways India.svg<br />
| image = Katihar - Siliguri InterCity Express (Train Board).jpg<br />
| caption = Katihar-Siliguri InterCity Express train board.<br />
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]<br />
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2011|01|18}}<br />
| last = <br />
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railway]]<br />
| ridership = <br />
| start = {{rws|Katihar}}<br />
| stops = 16<br />
| end = {{rws|Siliguri Junction}}<br />
| distance = {{convert|203|km|0|abbr=on}}<br />
| journeytime = 5 hrs 15 mins<br />
| frequency = Daily<br />
| class = General Unreserved (UR)<br />
| seating = Yes<br />
| catering = E-catering <br />
| observation = Large windows <br />
| entertainment = <br />
| baggage = No<br />
| otherfacilities = Below the seats <br />
| stock = [[ICF coach]]<br />
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}<br />
| electrification = <br />
| trainnumber = 15719 / 15720<br />
| speed = {{convert|43|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.<br />
| map = <br />
| map_state = <br />
}}<br />
The 15719 / 15720 '''Katihar- Siliguri Intercity Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|express]] train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] [[Northeast Frontier Railway]] that runs between {{rws|Katihar Junction}} of [[Bihar]] and {{rws|Siliguri Junction}} of [[West Bengal]] in India.<br />
<br />
It operates as train number 15719 from Platform 7 of {{rws|Katihar Junction}} and reaches Platform 3 of {{rws|Siliguri Junction}} and as train number 15720 in the reverse direction serving the states of [[Bihar]] & [[West Bengal]].<ref> {{Cite web|title=15720/Siliguri - Katihar Intercity Express (Via Barsoi)|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-siliguri-katihar-intercity-express-via-barsoi-15720/4180/445/553|website=indiarailinfo.com}} </ref><br />
<br />
==Coaches==<br />
The 15719 / 20 Katihar - Siliguri Junction Intercity Express has ten general unreserved & two SLR (seating with luggage rake) coaches.<br />
<br />
==Service==<br />
The 15719 {{rws|Katihar Junction}} - {{rws|Siliguri Junction}} Intercity Express covers the distance of {{convert|203.6|km|0|abbr=on}} in 5 hours 15&nbsp;mins (39&nbsp;km/h) and in 5 hours 15&nbsp;mins as the 15720 {{rws|Siliguri Junction}} - {{rws|Katihar Junction}} Intercity Express (39&nbsp;km/h).<br />
<br />
As the average speed of the train is lower than {{convert|55|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, as per railway rules, its fare doesn't includes a Superfast surcharge.<br />
<br />
==Routing==<br />
The 15719 / 20 Katihar - Siliguri Junction Intercity Express runs from {{rws|Katihar Junction}} via {{rws|Barsoi Junction}}, {{rws|Dalkhola}}, {{rws|Kishanganj}}, {{rws|Thakurganj}}, [[Galgalia]], {{rws|Adhikari}}, [[Naksalbari]], [[Bagdogra railway station|Bagdogra]], [[Matigara railway station|Matigara]] to {{rws|Siliguri Junction}}.<br />
<br />
==Traction==<br />
As the route is going to electrification, a [[Diesel Loco Shed, Siliguri]] based [[Indian locomotive class WDP-4|WDP4 / WDP4B / WDP4D]] diesel locomotive pulls the train to its destination.<br />
<br />
==Incidents==<br />
On 10 May 2017, at 4:30 am Siliguri Katihar Intercity Express travelling from {{rws|Katihar}} towards {{rws|Siliguri Junction}} hits and kills an elephant between [[Bagdogra]] and [[Naksalbari]] in [[Darjeeling district]] of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tusker mowed down by train in north Bengal|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/tusker-mowed-down-by-train-in-north-bengal/story-6mmVOSPQH7vx1mSoYqpMpK.html|website=Hindustantimes.com|date=10 May 2017 }}</ref><br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Katihar–Siliguri Intercity Express (via Purnea)]]<br />
*[[Jogbani–Siliguri Town Intercity Express]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/katihar-siliguri-jn-intercity-express-15719/4179/553/445 15719 Intercity Express] at India Rail Info<br />
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/siliguri-jn-katihar-intercity-express-15720/4180/445/553 15720 Intercity Express] at India Rail Info<br />
<br />
{{Railway lines in Eastern India}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Katihar - Siliguri Intercity Express}}<br />
[[Category:Intercity Express (Indian Railways) trains]]<br />
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]<br />
[[Category:Transport in Katihar]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Transport in Siliguri]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bibhutibhushan_Bandyopadhyay&diff=446754Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay2026-01-01T15:54:34Z<p>RenaldoParadis: fixes</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Bengali author (1894–1950)}}<br />
{{Other people|Bibhutibhushan|Bibhutibhushan (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox writer<br />
| name = Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay<br />
| image = Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay.jpg<br />
| imagesize = 200px<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1894|9|12|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = Barakpur, [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|1950|11|1|1894|9|12|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[Ghatshila]], [[Bihar]], India<br />
| nationality = [[India]]n<br />
| citizenship = [[India]]<br />
| occupation = Writer, novelist, songwriter<br />
| alma_mater =[[Surendranath College]]<br />
| notableworks = {{Unbulleted list|''[[Pather Panchali (novel)|Pather Panchali]]''|''[[Aranyak]]''|''[[Adarsha Hindu Hotel]]''|''[[Debjan]]''|''[[Hire Manik Jale]]''|''[[Chander Pahar]]''}}<br />
| parents = {{Unbulleted list|Mahananda Bandyopadhyay|Mrinalini Devi}}<br />
| spouse = {{Unbulleted list|Gouri Devi|Rama Chattopadhyay}}<br />
| children = [[Taradas Bandyopadhyay]]<br />
| awards = [[Rabindra Puraskar]] (posthumous) (1951)<br />
| signature = <br />
| website = {{url|https://bibhutibhushan.in}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay''' ({{audio|Bibhutibhushan_Bandopadhyay_pronunciation.ogg|listen|''Bibhutibhushon Bôndopaddhae''}}; 12 September 1894 – 1 November 1950)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/scl/html/departed_writers.php|title=State Central Library Kolkata|access-date=September 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927074438/http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/scl/html/departed_writers.php|archive-date=27 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> was an Indian novelist and short story writer in the [[Bengali language]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Chakrabarti |first=Kunal |title=Historical Dictionary of the Bengalis |last2=Chakrabarti |first2=Shubhra |date=2013 |publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]] |isbn=978-0-8108-5334-8 |series=Historical Dictionaries of Peoples and Cultures |location=Lanham |pages=61}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/remembering-the-evergreen-genius-of-bibhutibhushan-bandyopadhyay-1567762454521.html|title=Remembering the evergreen genius of Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay|first=Somak|last=Ghoshal|date=6 September 2019|website=mint|access-date=29 March 2020|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329085847/https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/remembering-the-evergreen-genius-of-bibhutibhushan-bandyopadhyay-1567762454521.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/ballad-of-bibhutibhushan-bandyopadhyays-last-abode-beckons/cid/1742938 Ballad of Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay's Last Abode Beckons] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122051344/https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/ballad-of-bibhutibhushan-bandyopadhyays-last-abode-beckons/cid/1742938 |date=22 January 2023 }}. [[Telegraph India]].</ref> His best known works are the autobiographical novel ''[[Pather Panchali (novel)|Pather Panchali]]'' (''Song of the Little Road''), ''[[Aparajito (novel)|Aparajito]]'' (''Undefeated''), ''[[Chander Pahar]]'' (''Mountain of the Moon'') and ''[[Aranyak]]'' (''of the forest'').<br />
<br />
==Early life and education==<br />
[[File:House of Bibhutibhuasan.jpg|left|thumb|Bibhutibhusan's House Gouri Kunja at Ghatshila]]<br />
The Bandyopadhyay family originated in the Panitar village near [[Basirhat]], located in the [[North 24 Parganas district]] of modern-day [[West Bengal]]. Bandyopadhyay's great-grandfather, who was an [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] physician, eventually settled in Barrackpore village, near [[Gopalnagar, North 24 Parganas|Gopalnagar]], [[Bongaon|Banagram]] (now Bangaon), North 24 Parganas.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chattopadhyay |first1= Sunil Kumar |title= Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay |edition= 1st|series=Makers of Indian Literature |year= 1994 |publisher= Sahitya Akademi|location=New Delhi |isbn= 81-7201-578-X |page= 1}}</ref> However, Bandyopadhyay was born in Muratipur village, near [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]] in [[Nadia district|Nadia]], at his maternal uncle's house. His father, Mahananda Bandyopadhyay, was a [[Sanskrit]] scholar and story-teller by profession. Bandyopadhyay was the eldest of the five children of Mahananda and his wife Mrinalini. His childhood home was at Barrackpore village, near [[Gopalnagar, North 24 Parganas|Gopalnagar]], [[Bongaon|Banagram]] (now Bangaon), North 24 Parganas. of [[West Bengal]].<br />
<br />
From the fifth grade, Bandyopadhyay studied at [[Bongaon High School]], one of the oldest institutions in [[Presidencies and provinces of British India#Administration under the Crown (1858–1947)|British India]], and was considered as a talented student. Following a first division placement in the Entrance and Intermediate Arts examinations, Bandyopadhyay completed his undergraduate degree in economics, history, and [[sanskrit]] at the [[Surendranath College]] (then Ripon College) in [[Kolkata]]. He was admitted to the [[Master's degree#Titles|master's degree (MA)]] and Law classes, but could not afford to enroll for the postgraduate course at the [[University of Calcutta]], and joined as a teacher in a school in [[Jangipara]], [[Jangipara D N High School]], [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]].<ref name=Sekhar /><ref>[http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/bibhutibhushan-bandopadhyay-biography.html Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507014504/http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/bibhutibhushan-bandopadhyay-biography.html |date=7 May 2013 }} ''iloveindia.com''. Retrieved 19 May 2013</ref><br />
[[File:বিভূতিভূষণ বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়ের পৈতৃক নিবাস.jpg|thumb|Bibhutibhushan Bandhopadhyay's ancestral home is in Barakpur village near [[Bangaon]] in North 24 Parganas district.]]<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Bandyopadhyay worked in a variety of jobs to support both himself and his family before becoming a writer. His first job was as a teacher, but he also served as a travelling publicist for [[Cow protection movement#1800s|Goraksini Sabha]], and later as a secretary for [[Pathuriaghata#The Ghosh family|Khelatchandra Ghosh]], a role that included the management of his [[Bhagalpur]] estate. He became involved with Khelatchandra, a prominent name in music and charity, while tutoring his family. He also taught at the Khelatchandra Memorial School.<ref name=Sekhar /> Eventually, Bandyopadhyay returned to his native place. He started working as a teacher in the Gopalnagar Haripada Institution, which he continued alongside his literary work, until his death. He wrote and published ''Pather Panchali w''hile staying at [[Ghatshila]], a town in [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=WTJ |first=Team |date=28 November 2025 |title=Gouri Kunj, Ghatshila – The Historic Home of Author Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay |url=https://welcometojamshedpur.in/gourikunja-home-of-bibhutibhushan-bandyopadhyay/ |access-date=29 November 2025 |website=Welcome to Jamshedpur}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Works==<br />
Bandyopadhyay's works are largely set in rural Bengal, with characters from that area. Several of his novels are set in [[Bangaon|Bongaon]], including ''Pather Panchali'', ''Adarsha Hindu Hotel'', ''Ichamati,'' and ''Bipiner Sansar'' while his ''Aranyak'' is set in a forest in Bhagalpur.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-06|title=Aranyak by Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay|url=https://www.purplepencilproject.com/book-review-aranyak-bibhutibhushan-bandyopadhyay/|access-date=2020-06-29|website=Purple Pencil Project|language=en-US|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630003120/https://www.purplepencilproject.com/book-review-aranyak-bibhutibhushan-bandyopadhyay/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1921, Bandyopadhyay's first published short story, "Upekshita" appeared in ''[[Prabasi]]'', at the time one of Bengal's leading literary magazines. However, he did not receive any critical attention until 1928, when his first novel ''Pather Panchali'' (also known in English as ''Song of the Little Road'') was published (initially as a serial, then as a book in 1929). ''Pather Panchali'' brought Bandyopadhyay to prominence in Bengali literature, and the novel and its sequel ''Aparajito'', were subsequently translated into numerous languages.<ref name="Sekhar" /> Additionally, these two were made into films by [[Satyajit Ray]], and together with ''[[The World of Apu|Apur Sansar]]'', formed the highly successful ''[[Apu Trilogy]]''.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}} Ray referred aspiring scriptwriters to the works of Bandyopadhyay, and praised him by saying, "His lines fit the characters so well, they are so revealing that even when the author provides no physical description, every character seems to present itself before us simply through the words it speaks".{{citation needed|date=November 2021}} His creation [[Taranath Tantrik]] was popular for the Bengali reader and the series was extended by his son Taradas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.co.in/qs-taranath-tantrik-start-streaming-today-hoichoi|title=Q's Taranath Tantrik to start streaming today on Hoichoi|access-date=January 21, 2019|archive-date=21 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121232625/https://boxofficeindia.co.in/qs-taranath-tantrik-start-streaming-today-hoichoi|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Critical reception===<br />
[[Amit Chaudhuri]] has translated a few excerpts from the novel for inclusion in the anthology, ''The Picador Book of Modern Indian Literature''. In his introduction to these excerpts, Chaudhuri wrote, "Unique for its tenderness and poetry ... ''Pather Panchali'' rejects both nineteenth-century [[Literary realism|realism]] and [[social realism]] (the social milieu described in it would have logically lent itself to the latter) for an inquiry into perception and memory."<ref>The Picador Book of Modern Indian Literature, edited by Amit Chaudhuri, (p. 66)</ref> The complete text of ''Aparajito'' has been translated into English by Gopa Majumdar. The novel ''Aranyak'' has been translated into English in January 2017 by Suchismita Banerjee Rai, and it has been published by Mitra and Ghosh Publishers based in [[Kolkata]]. His novels ''Ashani Sanket'' and ''Ichhamati'' have been translated into English respectively as ''Distant Thunder'' and ''Ichhamoti'' by Chhanda Chattopadhyay Bewtra and published by Parabaas.<br />
<br />
[[Martin Seymour-Smith]], in his ''Guide to Modern World Literature'' (1973), describes Bandyopadhyay (he uses the form Banerji) as "perhaps the best of all modern Indian novelists", going on to write that, "probably nothing in twentieth-century Indian literature, in prose or poetry, comes to the level of ''Pather Panchali''".<ref>Guide to Modern World Literature, Martin Seymour-Smith (p. 712)</ref> He was posthumously awarded the [[Rabindra Puraskar]] in 1951, a literary award in [[West Bengal]], for his novel ''Ichhamati''.<ref name="Sekhar">{{cite book |last=Sekhar |first=Saumitra |year=2012 |chapter=Bandyopadhyay, Bibhutibhushan |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bandyopadhyay,_Bibhutibhushan |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |access-date=28 January 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193851/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bandyopadhyay,_Bibhutibhushan |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
[[File:Author Bibhutibhusan Bandhopadhyay and his son Taradas Bandhopadhyay.jpg|thumb|Author Bibhutibhusan Bandhopadhyay and his son Taradas Bandhopadhyay]]<br />
<br />
===Death===<br />
Bandopadhyay died on 1 November 1950, in [[Ghatshila]]. The cause of death was identified as a [[Myocardial infarction|heart attack]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Bandopadhyay's Death|url=http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=542|access-date=2 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403133556/http://www.bengalibooksonline.com/author-profile.php?author_id=542|archive-date=3 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> His house in Ghatshila, named Gouri Kunj<ref>{{Cite web |last=WTJ |first=Team |date=28 November 2025 |title=Gaurikunja: The Literary Home of Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay in Ghatsila |url=https://welcometojamshedpur.in/gourikunja-home-of-bibhutibhushan-bandyopadhyay/ |access-date=29 November 2025 |website=Welcome to Jamshedpur}}</ref> after his wife has been preserved by the [[Government of Jharkhand]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Bandopadhyay's House in Ghatshila|url=https://tourism.jharkhand.gov.in/destinationDetails/78|access-date=18 September 2021|archive-date=18 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918065259/https://tourism.jharkhand.gov.in/destinationDetails/78|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
{{div col}}<br />
;Complete list of novels:<br />
* ''[[Pather Panchali (novel)|Pather Panchali]]'' (Song of the Road)<br />
* ''Aparajito''<br />
* ''[[Aranyak]]'' (In the Forest)<br />
* ''[[Adarsha Hindu Hotel]]''<br />
* ''Ichhamati'' ([[Rabindra Puraskar]] 1950–51)<br />
* ''Dristi Pradeep''<br />
* ''[[Chander Pahar]]''<br />
* ''[[Hire Manik Jale]]''<br />
* ''[[Debjan]]''<br />
* ''Bipiner Sangsar''<br />
* ''Anubartan''<br />
* ''Ashani Sanket''<br />
* ''Kedar Raja''<br />
* ''Dampati''<br />
* ''Sundarbane Sat Batsar'' <br />
* ''Dui Bari''<br />
* ''Maroner Danka Baje''<br />
* ''Mismider Kabach'' <br />
<br />
;Partial list of short story collections:<br />
* ''Megha Mallar''<br />
* ''Mauriphool''<br />
* ''Jatrabadol''<br />
* ''Jonmo o Mrittu''<br />
* ''Kinnardal''<br />
* ''Taal Nabami''<br />
* ''Benigir Fulbari''<br />
* ''Nabagata''<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
;Filmography based on his Bibliography are :<br />
<br />
* ''[[Pather Panchali (film)|Pather Panchali]]'' (1955)<br />
* ''[[Aparajito]]'' (1956)<br />
* ''[[Adarsha Hindu Hotel (film)|Adarsha Hindu Hotel]]'' (1957)<br />
* ''[[Apur Sansar]]'' (1959)<br />
* ''[[Baksa Badal]] ''(1970)<br />
* ''[[Nishi Padma]]'' (1970) based on short story ''Hinger Kochuri''.<br />
* ''[[Amar Prem]]'' (1972) based on short story ''Hinger Kochuri''.<ref>{{cite news|title=It's All About Love|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/it-s-all-about-love/953992/0|publisher=Indian Express|date=26 May 2012|access-date=4 May 2013|archive-date=26 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926205500/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/it-s-all-about-love/953992/0|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* ''[[Nimantran]]'' (1971)<br />
* ''[[Ashani Sanket]]'' (1973)<br />
* ''[[Alo (film)|Alo]]'' (2003)<br />
*The Festival!Talnabami (Film) (2003)<br />
*''[[Bhalobasar Onek Naam]]'' (2006)<br />
* ''[[Chander Pahar (film)|Chander Pahar]]'' (2013)<br />
* ''[[Amazon Obhijaan]] '' (2017) based on the characters of ''Chander pahar''.<br />
* ''[[Colours of Innocence|Sahaj Paather Gappo (Colours of Innocence)]]'' (2017) based on the story ''Taal Nabami''.<br />
* ''[[Avijatrik]] '' (2021) based on the concluding part of the novel Aparajito<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of Indian writers]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|40em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{Internet Archive author}} <br />
{{Wikiquote}} <br />
{{Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay}}<br />
{{Chander_Pahar}}<br />
{{Bengal famine of 1943}}<br />
{{Portal bar|Biography|India|Literature}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bandyopadhyay, Bibhutibhushan}}<br />
[[Category:Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay| ]]<br />
[[Category:1894 births]]<br />
[[Category:1950 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali-language novelists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian writers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian novelists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian travel writers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian diarists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian memoirists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian children's writers]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Surendranath College alumni]]<br />
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Rabindra Puraskar]]<br />
[[Category:People from North 24 Parganas district]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:People from the Bengal Presidency]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from British India]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Balakrushna_Dash&diff=471565Balakrushna Dash2025-12-31T02:54:16Z<p>RenaldoParadis: small improved details per sources and fixed typos</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox musical artist<br />
| name = Balakrushna Dash<br />
| genre = [[Odissi music]]<br />
| native_name_lang = or<br />
| native_name = ବାଳକୃଷ୍ଣ ଦାଶ<br />
| honorific_prefix = Sangita Sudhakara<br />
| awards = <br />
| label = <br />
| years_active = <br />
| instrument = <br />
| occupation = [[Odissi music]] Guru, singer, composer, music director<br />
| death_place = <br />
| image = Sangita Sudhakara Balakrushna Das Odissi music.jpg<br />
| death_date = <br />
| birth_place = <br />
| birth_date = <br />
| website = <br />
| birth_name = Balakrushna Dash<br />
| caption = <br />
| alt = <br />
| landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --><br />
| image_size = <br />
| embed = <br />
}}<br />
'''Balakrushna Dash''' ({{Langx|or|ବାଳକୃଷ୍ଣ ଦାଶ|translit=Bāḷakruṣṇa Dāsa}}) (May 15, 1923 - November 12, 1993) was a veteran Guru of [[Odissi music]].<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=The Quest for Music Divine|author=Dey, S.C.|date=1990|publisher=Ashish Publishing House|isbn=9788170243014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__R04X3cSfoC|accessdate=2014-10-31}}</ref> One of the chief disciples of the legend Pt [[Gokul Srichandan|Gokul Chandra Srichandan]] of Kendrapada, Dash worked variously as a vocalist, composer and music director. He received the [[Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi award]] in 1975-76 for Odissi Vocal.<ref>[http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/104-108.pdf orissa.gov.in] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502001534/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/104-108.pdf |date=2014-05-02 }}</ref> He was an [[Odissi classical music]] teacher in the [[Odissi Research Centre|GKCM Odissi Research Centre]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.orissaculture.gov.in/gkcm_orc.asp |title=www.orissaculture.gov.in |access-date=1 May 2014 |archive-date=29 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329165739/http://www.orissaculture.gov.in/gkcm_orc.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
Balakrushna Dash started his music career as a singer of [[Odissi classical music]] (Odissi, Chhanda, Champu and other facets) at AIR, [[Calcutta]] in the year 1944. Later he started working as music director in films. His first film as a music director was ''[[Kedar Gouri]]'' in 1954. He directed music in 20 films viz. ''[[Amada Bata|Amadabata]]'', ''Abhinetri'', ''[[Adina Megha|Adinamegha]]'', ''Mathura Vijay'', ''Basanta Rasa'' and hundreds of non-film albums including Odissi, Drama, Theatre and music programs for the AIR, [[Cuttack]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://profile.odiamusic.com/balakrushnadash/music-career/ |title=profile.odiamusic.com |access-date=2014-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502000944/http://profile.odiamusic.com/balakrushnadash/music-career/ |archive-date=2014-05-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://profile.odiamusic.com/balakrushnadash/ |title=profile.odiamusic.com |access-date=2014-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502003804/http://profile.odiamusic.com/balakrushnadash/ |archive-date=2014-05-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
Among his disciples are [[Shyamamani Devi]] and [[Ramhari Das]].{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Odissi music]]<br />
* [[Mardala]]<br />
* [[Gita Govinda]]<br />
* ''[[Gitaprakasa]]''<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Odissi Classical Music sidebar}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
{{Odissi music}}<br />
{{Odia culture}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian male singers]]<br />
[[Category:Music directors]]<br />
[[Category:Odissi]]<br />
[[Category:Musicians from Odisha]]<br />
[[Category:Odissi music]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Odisha Sangeet Natak Akademi award]]<br />
[[Category:Disciples of Singhari Shyamsundar Kar]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=1818_in_India&diff=4609811818 in India2025-12-10T00:05:49Z<p>RenaldoParadis: general expand details as per guidelines and improved wording for clarity</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[BP:SDNONE]] --><br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Year in India|1818}}<br />
{{dynamic list}} <br />
Events in the year '''1818 in India'''.<br />
<br />
==Births==<br />
*25 August - [[Shiv Dayal Singh]], Founder and First Satguru of Radha Soami faith (died June 15,1878).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Juergensmeyer |first=Mark |title=Radhasoami reality : the logic of a modern faith |date=1991 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=0-691-07378-3 |location=Princeton, N.J. |oclc=22704269}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Events==<br />
*National income - ₹11,927 million<br />
* The first Mill of Cotton clothes in Kolkata<br />
*[[Manavadar|Manavadar (Bantva-Manavadar)]] becomes a [[British Empire|British]] [[Protectorate]], a [[Princely state]] which was founded in 1733.<br />
* 1 January – The Peshwa defeated at Koregaon by the [[British Empire|British]].<br />
* 6 January – Treaty of [[Mandsaur|Mandasor]] is signed between the [[British Empire|British]] and the [[Marathas]].<br />
* February – The [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]] which started in [[1817 in India|1817]] ends with the [[Marathas]] defeated by the [[British Empire|British]]<br />
* 20 February – The Peshwa defeated at Ashti by the [[British Empire|British]].<br />
* 3 June – Baji Rao II surrenders to the [[British Empire|British]]<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{India year nav}}<br />
{{Year in Asia|1818}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:1818 In India}}<br />
[[Category:1818 in India| ]]<br />
[[Category:1818 by country|India]]<br />
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in India]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-year-stub}}</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arisa_pitha&diff=487427Arisa pitha2025-12-02T16:52:11Z<p>RenaldoParadis: Created redirect page</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Adhirasam]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sahayak-class_hopper_barge&diff=473578Sahayak-class hopper barge2025-11-21T20:31:59Z<p>RenaldoParadis: quick updated lead and corrected details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox ship <!-- warship classes --><br />
|infobox_caption=''Sahayak'' class<br />
|section1={{Infobox ship/image<br />
|image=<br />
|image_caption=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|section2={{Infobox ship/class overview<br />
|builders=<br />
|operators={{flag|India|naval}}<br />
|class_before=<br />
|class_after=<br />
|subclasses=<br />
|built_range=<br />
|in_commission_range=<br />
|total_ships_building=<br />
|total_ships_planned=<br />
|total_ships_completed=2<br />
|total_ships_canceled=<br />
|total_ships_active=2<br />
|total_ships_laid_up=<br />
|total_ships_lost=<br />
|total_ships_retired=<br />
|total_ships_scrapped=<br />
|total_ships_preserved=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics<br />
|hide_header=<br />
|header_caption=<br />
|type=Hopper barge<br />
|displacement=<br />
|length=<br />
|beam=<br />
|draught=<br />
|draft=<br />
|propulsion=<br />
|speed=<br />
|range=<br />
|complement=<br />
|sensors=<br />
|EW=<br />
|armament=<br />
|armour=<br />
|armor=<br />
|aircraft=<br />
|aircraft_facilities=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
The '''''Sahayak'' class of hopper [[barge]]''' is a pair of yardcraft built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Limited (GRSE), [[Kolkata]] for the [[Indian Navy]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Hiranandani |first=GM, VADM (Ret) |title=Transition to Triumph |url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/book/transition-triumph |chapter=Chapter 6: Indigenous Warship Design |chapter-url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/print/book/export/html/956 |publisher=[[Indian Navy]] |access-date=30 July 2013}}</ref> <br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Name !! Commission !! Homeport<br />
|-<br />
| ''Sahayak'' || 31 December 1967|| <br />
|-<br />
| ''Sevak'' ||31 December 1967 ||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Nikaraksha-class bucket dredger|''Nikaraksha''-class bucket dredger]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Ship classes of the Indian Navy}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Auxiliary ships of the Indian Navy]]<br />
<br />
{{mil-ship-stub}}<br />
{{India-mil-stub}}</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Border_Security_Force_Sporting_Club&diff=492211Border Security Force Sporting Club2025-10-30T22:18:24Z<p>RenaldoParadis: stub - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian association football club}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}<br />
{{infobox football club<br />
| clubname = Border Security Force Sporting Club <br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| fullname = Border Security Force Sporting Club<br />
| nickname = <br />
| founded = <br />
| ground = [[Guru Gobind Singh Stadium]]<br />
| capacity = 22,000<br />
| owner = [[Border Security Force]]<br />
| mgrtitle = Head coach<br />
| manager = <br />
| league = [[Punjab State Super Football League]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Siraj Chatterjee|date=10 December 2020|url=https://footballindia.co.in/punjabi-football-on-a-roar/|title=Punjabi Football on a Roar!|website=footballindia.co.in|publisher=Football India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417210646/https://footballindia.co.in/punjabi-football-on-a-roar/|archive-date=17 April 2021|access-date=12 December 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
| season = <br />
| position = <br />
| current =<br />
| pattern_la1 = _whiteborder<br />
| pattern_b1 = <br />
| pattern_ra1 = _whiteborder<br />
| pattern_sh1 = <br />
| pattern_so1 = <br />
| leftarm1 = DC343B<br />
| body1 = DC343B<br />
| rightarm1 = DC343B<br />
| shorts1 = DC343B<br />
| socks1 = DC343B<br />
| pattern_la2 = <br />
| pattern_b2 = _bluesleevelinesandsides<br />
| pattern_ra2 = <br />
| pattern_sh2 =<br />
| pattern_so2 = <br />
| leftarm2 = FFFFFF<br />
| body2 = FFFFFF<br />
| rightarm2 = FFFFFF<br />
| shorts2 = FFFFFF<br />
| socks2 = FFFFFF<br />
| website =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Border Security Force Sporting Club''' is an Indian [[sports club|multi-sports club]], best known for its [[association football|football]] section. The club is based in [[Jalandhar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], and currently competing in the [[Punjab State Super Football League]].<ref name=MSR>{{cite web|title=28th JCT Punjab State Super Football League starts today |url=http://www.msrsportsnews.com/viewnews?newsId=3035 |website=MSR Sports News |access-date=31 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101033931/http://www.msrsportsnews.com/viewnews?newsId=3035 |archive-date=1 November 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=1046003829039353856|user=minervapunjabfc|title=A quick look at the latest #PunjabFootballLeague table 📈 #chakdephatte|date=29 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203043137/https://twitter.com/minervapunjabfc/status/1046003829039353856|archive-date=3 December 2021|access-date=3 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=28th Punjab State Super Football League — Legend Inder Singh to kick-off|url=http://www.kolkatafootball.com/punjab_football_league_2014-15/#horizontalTab2|website=kolkatafootball.com|publisher=Kolkata Football|date=23 August 2014|access-date=31 October 2014|archive-date=1 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101022001/http://www.kolkatafootball.com/punjab_football_league_2014-15/#horizontalTab2}}</ref> They are one of the dominating teams in [[Durand Cup]] and [[Independence Day Cup]] of [[Assam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's football past gasping for survival |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/india-s-football-past-gasping-for-survival/story-8cGyA03MIB3ay2LCflkcWJ.html |date=25 March 2018 |website=hindustantimes.com |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |last=Sarkar |first=Dhiman |location=Kolkata |access-date=16 April 2023 |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106201153/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/india-s-football-past-gasping-for-survival/story-8cGyA03MIB3ay2LCflkcWJ.html }}</ref><br />
<br />
BSF's corporate team competed in All India Public Sector tournament.<ref>{{cite web|title=Departments' League — A solution to many problems|url=https://englisharchives.mathrubhumi.com/sports/features/english-news-1.916067|website=englisharchives.mathrubhumi.com|publisher=Mathrubhumi|location=Kochi|date=8 March 2016|first=M. M. Jafar|last=Khan|access-date=28 November 2022|archive-date=4 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804042211/https://englisharchives.mathrubhumi.com/sports/features/english-news-1.916067}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The team is well known for winning the prestigious [[Durand Cup]] on seven occasions during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Durand Cup|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiadurandcuphist.html|website=RSSSF|access-date=2 November 2014|archive-date=29 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729142839/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/indiadurandcuphist.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Legendary player [[Sukhwinder Singh (football manager)|Sukhwinder Singh]] represented the club from 1974 to 1978.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jctfootball.com/team/playersProfile.aspx?ProfileCategoryID=11&ProfileID=6&FirstName=Sukhvinder&DateOfBirth=07-06-1949&OrderNumber=11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919070148/http://www.jctfootball.com/team/playersProfile.aspx?ProfileCategoryID=11&ProfileID=6&FirstName=Sukhvinder&DateOfBirth=07-06-1949&OrderNumber=11|title=Squad Management: Sukhwinder Singh|website=JCT Official Website|access-date=28 October 2022|archive-date=19 September 2020}}</ref> In June 1970, the [[All Nepal Football Association]] organized a tournament to celebrate the 50th birth anniversary of [[Mahendra of Nepal|King Mahendra]], where the team ultimately lost 2–0 to the [[East Pakistan football team]] in the title-deciding game, which was held in a round-robin league format. They later tied the second-place game with Mahabir Club, finishing as joint runners-up.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan Observer, 1970.06.21 — South Asian Newspapers |url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/san/newspapers/paob19700621-01.1.10 |access-date=2025-03-31|website=gpa.eastview.com|archive-date=2025-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250331102427/https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/san/?a=d&d=paob19700621-01.1.10|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan Observer, 1970.06.23 — South Asian Newspapers |url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/san/newspapers/paob19700623-01.1.8|access-date=2025-03-31|website=gpa.eastview.com|archive-date=2025-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250331102918/https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/san/?a=d&d=paob19700623-01.1.8|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Pakistan_Year_Book/aX4KAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22Maula+Bux+scored+a+hat+-+trick%22&dq=%22Maula+Bux+scored+a+hat+-+trick%22&printsec=frontcover |title=Pakistan Year Book |date=1971 |pages=79 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:The Indian Army Chief, Gen. Deepak Kapur with the football team players of Salgaocar SC and BSF, at the inauguration of 121st OSIAN’S Durand Football Tournament-2008, in New Delhi on August 21, 2008.jpg|thumb|240px|BSF players (''in red'') during the [[Durand Cup]] at the [[Ambedkar Stadium]] in 2008.|left]]<br />
The team also spent one season in the old [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]] during the [[1999–2000 Indian National Football League|1999–2000]] season. They were relegated after finishing in 11th place.<ref>{{cite web|title=NFL 1999–2000|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india00.html|website=RSSSF|access-date=2 November 2014|archive-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022023658/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india00.html#nfl1|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Rivalries==<br />
As one of the renowned clubs from the state of Punjab, Border Security Force nurtured rivalries with numerous local sides including Leaders Club, [[Punjab Police FC|Punjab Police]], [[JCT FC|JCT Mills]], in [[Punjab State Super Football League|the state leagues]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punjab.football/about.php|title=Football in Punjab|website=punjab.football/about.php|publisher=Punjab Football Association|access-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822202300/http://www.punjab.football/about.php|archive-date=22 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Manashi Pathak|date=22 June 2018|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/punjab-football-league-structure-india/2ynwa3eqpmiz19u1zz0f8zm83|title=All you need to know about the football league structure in Punjab|website=Goal.com|access-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705105202/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/punjab-football-league-structure-india/2ynwa3eqpmiz19u1zz0f8zm83|archive-date=5 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=J. S.|last=Gandam|url=http://www.jctfootball.com/news/newsFeatures.aspx|title=The game hooks Phagwara youth, JCT a Mecca for players|website=www.jctfootball.com|publisher=JCT Mills FC|access-date=7 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116082734/http://www.jctfootball.com/news/newsFeatures.aspx|archive-date=16 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=28th JCT Punjab State Super Football League starts today|url=http://www.msrsportsnews.com/viewnews?newsId=3035|website=mrssportsnews.com|publisher=MSR Sports News|date=25 August 2014|access-date=31 October 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101033931/http://www.msrsportsnews.com/viewnews?newsId=3035|archive-date=1 November 2014|df=dmy}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Ownership==<br />
{{Main|Border Security Force}}<br />
<br />
==Honours==<br />
<br />
[[File:The Goal keeper Rajat Ghoshdastidar of ONGC fisting the ball against the attack of BSF during the 121st OSIAN’S Durand Football Tournament-2008, at Ambedkar Stadium in New Delhi on August 25, 2008.jpg|thumb|BSF players (in red) in action against [[ONGC FC]] in [[Durand Cup|2008 Durand Cup]] at [[Ambedkar Stadium]] in New Delhi.]]<br />
<br />
===League===<br />
*'''[[National Football League Second Division (India)|National Football League II]]'''<br />
**'''Champions (1):''' 1998–99<ref>{{cite web |title=National Football League Second Division |author=Arunava Choudhary |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/nfl2.html |website=indianfootball.de |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026081440/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/nfl2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
*'''[[Punjab State Super Football League]]'''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chaudhuri|first=Arunava|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/pfl.html|title=List of Champions of the Punjab Football League|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|date=2008|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503074229/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/pfl.html|archive-date=3 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
**'''Champions (5):''' 1985–86, 1988, 2000–01, 2008, [[2021–22 Punjab State Super Football League|2021–22]]<br />
**Runners-up (6): 1990–91, 1994–95, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006<br />
<br />
===Cup===<br />
*'''[[Durand Cup]]'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/durandcup.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Durand Cup|access-date=22 February 2021|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|website=Indianfootball.de|archive-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627235237/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/durandcup.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiadurandcuphist.html List of Durand Cup tournament winners and runner-ups] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729142839/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/indiadurandcuphist.html |date=29 July 2014}}. ''rsssf.com''. [[RSSSF|Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]. Retrieved 7 May 2021.</ref><br />
**'''Champions (7):''' 1968–69, 1971–72, 1973–74, 1975–76, 1976, 1981, 1988<br />
*'''[[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]'''<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Federation Cup|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/fedcup.html|access-date=24 March 2017|publisher=IndianFootball.de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315003131/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/fedcup.html|archive-date=15 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
**'''Champions (1):''' 1979–80<br />
**Runners-up (1): 1988–89<br />
*'''Punjab State Senior Championship'''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chaudhuri|first=Arunava|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/psdc.html|title=List of Champions of the Punjab State Senior Football Championships|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|date=2008|access-date=2 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903180239/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/psdc.html|archive-date=3 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
**Champions (2): 1978–79, 1983–84<br />
**Runners-up (4): 1977, 1981, 1982, 1989<br />
*'''[[Sait Nagjee Football Tournament]]'''<br />
**'''Champions (1):''' 1970<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/saitnagjeetrophy.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Sait Nagjee Trophy|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|website=www.indianfootball.de|access-date=7 September 2015|archive-date=28 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928211306/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/saitnagjeetrophy.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sait Nagjee Trophy|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nagjee.html|access-date=2021-12-16|website=[[RSSSF]]|archive-date=16 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416054535/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesn/nagjee.html}}</ref><br />
*'''King Mahendra Cup'''<br />
** Runners-up (1): 1970<br />
*'''[[All Airlines Gold Cup]]'''<br />
**'''Champions (3):''' 1994, 1997, 1998–99<ref>{{Cite web|author=Arunava Chaudhary|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/airlinesgoldcup.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Airlines Gold Cup|website=Indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-date=24 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024223328/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/airlinesgoldcup.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
*'''[[Sikkim Gold Cup|Sikkim Governor's Gold Cup]]'''<br />
**'''Champions (3):''' 2002, 2005, 2012<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-sikkimgoldcuphist.html|title=India – List of All India Governor's Gold Cup Winners (Sikkim)|website=Rsssf.com|access-date=13 March 2021|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507053015/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india-sikkimgoldcuphist.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/sikkimgoldcup.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Sikkim Governor's Gold Cup|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|access-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006211012/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/sikkimgoldcup.html|archive-date=6 October 2021|url-status=dead|author=Arunava Chaudhuri}}</ref><br />
*'''[[All India Independence Day Cup]]'''<br />
**'''Champions (6):''' 1993, 1998, 1999, 2006, 2008–09, 2018<br />
**Runners-up (3): 2007, 2016, 2019<ref>{{cite web|title=Gokulam Kerala lift 71st Independence Day Cup|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=oct2419/sports052|website=assamtribune.com|publisher=Assam Tribune|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024125019/https://assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=oct2419/sports052|archive-date=24 October 2019}}</ref><br />
*'''Gurdarshan Memorial Cup'''<br />
**'''Champions (4):''' 1986, 1994, 1998, 1981, 2005<ref>{{cite web|author=Arunava Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/gurdarshancup.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Gurdarshan Memorial Football Tournament: Punjab|website=indianfootbal.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|access-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023054252/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/gurdarshancup.html|archive-date=23 October 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
*'''B. N. Mullick Police Cup'''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chaudhuri|first=Arunava|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/policecup.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the B. N. Mullick Police Cup|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|date=2008|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503074539/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/policecup.html|archive-date=3 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
**Champions (5): 2001, 2002, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2008<br />
**Runners-up (1): 1998<br />
*'''Mammen Mappillai Trophy'''<br />
**'''Champions (1):''' 1976 {{small|(co-winners)}}<ref>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/mammenmappillaitrophy.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Mammen Mappillai Trophy: Kottayam, Kerala|website=indianfootball.de|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022073024/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/mammenmappillaitrophy.html|archive-date=22 October 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
* '''[[Churachand Singh Trophy]]'''<br />
** '''Champions (1):''' 1985<ref>{{cite web|title=Roll of Honour at Sir Churachand Singh, KCSI, CBE Memorial Football Tournament — From 1950|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=leisure.Sports.61st_CC_Meet_Football_Tournament_2018.Roll_of_Honour_at_Sir_Churachand_Singh_Memorial_Football_Tournament_from_1950|website=e-pao.net|publisher=E-Pao News Manipur|date=20 December 2015|access-date=29 November 2022|archive-date=9 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709223424/http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=leisure.Sports.61st_CC_Meet_Football_Tournament_2018.Roll_of_Honour_at_Sir_Churachand_Singh_Memorial_Football_Tournament_from_1950}}</ref><br />
* '''[[Darjeeling Gold Cup]]'''<br />
** '''Champions (1):''' 1980<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kolkatafootball.com/darjeeling_gold_cup2014/index.html|title=14th All India Darjeeling Gold Cup: PREVIOUS WINNERS|website=kolkatafootball.com|publisher=Kolkata Football|access-date=3 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713084014/https://www.kolkatafootball.com/darjeeling_gold_cup2014/index.html|archive-date=13 July 2021}}</ref><br />
* '''[[Mohan Kumar Mangalam Football Tournament]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://udaipurtimes.com/sports/DFA-Udaipur-team-in-final-of-MKM-Football-2023/cid9845573.htm|title=DFA Udaipur enter finals of the MKM National Football Tournament for the first time in 43 years|date=29 January 2023|access-date=28 February 2023|website=udaipurtimes.com|publisher=Udaipur Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129144906/https://udaipurtimes.com/sports/DFA-Udaipur-team-in-final-of-MKM-Football-2023/cid9845573.htm|archive-date=29 January 2023}}</ref><br />
** '''Champions (6):''' 1993, 1996, 1997, 2002, 2003, 2004<br />
** Runners-up (1): 1999<br />
*'''Shaheed-e-Azam Sardar Bhagat Singh Memorial Trophy'''<br />
**Champions (3): 2003, 2004, 2005<ref>{{cite web|date=2008|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/seasbsinghtrophy.html|title=List of Shaheed-e-Azam Sardar Bhagat Singh Memorial Trophy winners and Runner-ups|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802071549/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/seasbsinghtrophy.html|archive-date=2 August 2020|website=IndianFootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|access-date=11 May 2021|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2005-06s.html|title=2005/06 Season in Indian Football:|website=indianfootball.de|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109192919/http://www.indianfootball.de/seasons/2005-06s.html|archive-date=9 January 2021|publisher=Indian Football Network|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
**Runners-up (1): 2001<br />
* '''Guru Gobind Singh Trophy'''<br />
** '''Champions (1):''' 2005<ref>{{Cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/ggsinghtrophy.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Sri Guru Gobind Singh Trophy|website=indianfootball.de|access-date=23 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023211800/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/ggsinghtrophy.html|archive-date=23 October 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
* '''[[Bandodkar Gold Trophy]]'''<br />
** Runners-up (1): 1986<ref>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/bandodkartrophy.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Bandodkar Gold Trophy: Goa|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023211801/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/bandodkartrophy.html|access-date=23 July 2021|archive-date=23 October 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
*'''Delhi Lt. Governor's Cup'''<br />
**Runners-up (1): 2004<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chaudhuri|first=Arunava|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/ltgovernorscup.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Delhi Lt. Governor's Cup|website=indianfootball.de|publisher=Indian Football Network|date=2008|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903180048/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/ltgovernorscup.html|archive-date=3 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
*'''Steel Express Cup'''<br />
**Runners-up (1): 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arunfoot.com/mohammedan-sporting-win-steel-express-cup-crown/|title=Mohammedan Sporting win Steel Express Cup crown!|date=28 February 2018|website=arunfoot.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102172906/https://www.arunfoot.com/mohammedan-sporting-win-steel-express-cup-crown/|archive-date=2 January 2024|access-date=30 December 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Other departments==<br />
===Field hockey===<br />
Border Security Force has a [[field hockey]] team<ref>{{cite web|title=Big-Time Domestic Hockey Returns with Surjit Hockey Tourney|url=https://hockeypassion.in/indian-domestic-hockey-buzz/big-time-domestic-hockey-returns-with-surjit-hockey-tourney/|location=Kolkata|website=hockeypassion.in|date=20 October 2021 |publisher=Hockey Passion|access-date=17 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019035718/https://hockeypassion.in/indian-domestic-hockey-buzz/big-time-domestic-hockey-returns-with-surjit-hockey-tourney/|archive-date=19 October 2022}}</ref> that participated in [[Beighton Cup]], one of the oldest field hockey tournaments in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/psb-lifts-beighton-cup/article18427660.ece|title=PSB lifts Beighton Cup|access-date=2007-04-13|work=The Hindu|date=11 April 2006|archive-date=1 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001161902/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/psb-lifts-beighton-cup/article18427660.ece}}</ref><ref>{{cite news<br />
|url = http://www.hindu.com/2007/04/11/stories/2007041103051900.htm<br />
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071001032007/http://www.hindu.com/2007/04/11/stories/2007041103051900.htm<br />
|url-status = dead<br />
|archive-date = 2007-10-01<br />
|title = Indian Airlines lift Beighton Cup<br />
|access-date = 2007-04-13<br />
|location=Chennai, India<br />
|work = [[The Hindu]]<br />
|date=2007-04-11<br />
}}</ref> They also appeared in [[Bombay Gold Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian hockey: The curious case of the Bombay Gold Cup |url=https://www.livemint.com/Sundayapp/Z5A20XtmrZ2hnAprgJocvI/Indian-hockey-The-curious-case-of-the-Bombay-Gold-Cup.html |date=19 December 2015 |last=D'Souza |first=Dilip |publisher=LiveMint |access-date=17 October 2022 |archive-date=25 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925142556/https://www.livemint.com/Sundayapp/Z5A20XtmrZ2hnAprgJocvI/Indian-hockey-The-curious-case-of-the-Bombay-Gold-Cup.html }}</ref><br />
<br />
'''Honours'''<br />
* '''[[Beighton Cup]]'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Teams with Most Wins in Prestigious Beighton Cup|url=https://hockeypassion.in/hockey-perspectives/teams-with-most-wins-in-prestigious-beighton-cup/|date=2 November 2022|access-date=3 November 2022|publisher=Hockey Passion|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102200248/https://hockeypassion.in/hockey-perspectives/teams-with-most-wins-in-prestigious-beighton-cup/|archive-date=2 November 2022|website=hockeypassion.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=BEIGHTON CUP WINNERS AND RUNNERS-UP (1895—2019)|url=https://www.hockeybengal.org/winners-and-runner-up-details|location=Kolkata|website=www.hockeybengal.org|publisher=Hockey Bengal|access-date=5 July 2022|archive-date=23 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423035958/https://www.hockeybengal.org/winners-and-runner-up-details}}</ref><br />
**Champions (5): 1971, 1996, 1998, 2003, 2005<br />
**Runners-up (4): 1997, 2001, 2006, 2007<br />
*'''[[Bombay Gold Cup]]'''<ref name="bgc">{{cite web|title=Bombay Gold Cup: BOMBAY GOLD CUP HOCKEY TOURNAMENT {{!}} GURU TEGH BAHADUR GOLD CUP HOCKEY TOURNAMENT|url=http://www.mumbaihockey.org/bombay-gold-cup.html#:~:text=Morarji%20Desai%20who%20was%20the,will%20be%20played%20under%20floodlight..|access-date=18 October 2022|website=www.mumbaihockey.org|publisher=The Mumbai Hockey Association|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411223120/http://mumbaihockey.org/bombay-gold-cup.html#:~:text=Morarji%20Desai%20who%20was%20the,will%20be%20played%20under%20floodlight..}}</ref><br />
**Champions (8): 1968, 1969, 1970, 1973, 1974, 1980, 1981, 1992<br />
*'''Guru Tegh Bahadur Gold Cup'''<ref name="bgc"/><br />
**Champions (1): 2000<br />
*'''[[Surjit Memorial Hockey Tournament]]'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Surjit Hockey Tournament: Year Winners — Runners-ups|url=https://hockeypassion.in/analysis/surjit-hockey-tournament-winners/|location=Kolkata|website=hockeypassion.in|date=21 October 2021 |publisher=Hockey Passion|access-date=17 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021100116/https://hockeypassion.in/analysis/surjit-hockey-tournament-winners/|archive-date=21 October 2022}}</ref><br />
**Champions (2): 1998, 1999<br />
**Runners-up (4): 1986, 1988, 1989, 2003<br />
*'''[[Senior Nehru Hockey Tournament]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Roll of Honour — Senior Nehru Hockey Tournament |url=https://gnsht.in/roll-of-honour-senior-nehru-hockey-tournament/ |website=gnsht.in |publisher=Gooncha Group |date=2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022230236/https://gnsht.in/roll-of-honour-senior-nehru-hockey-tournament/ |archive-date=22 October 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Roll of Honour — SENIOR NEHRU HOCKEY TOURNAMENT |url=http://nehruhockey.com/tournament_roll_of_honour.htm |publisher=nehruhockey.com |location=New Delhi |access-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022230235/http://nehruhockey.com/tournament_roll_of_honour.htm |archive-date=22 October 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Senior Nehru Hockey Tournament — All Winners|url=https://hockeypassion.in/indian-domestic-hockey-buzz/senior-nehru-hockey-tournament-all-winners/|website=hockeypassion.in|date=19 November 2021 |publisher=Hockey Passion|access-date=23 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022230235/https://hockeypassion.in/indian-domestic-hockey-buzz/senior-nehru-hockey-tournament-all-winners/|archive-date=22 October 2022}}</ref><br />
**Champions (7): 1975, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1987, 1996, 1996<br />
**Runners-up (6): 1979, 1984, 1992, 1993, 1999, 2004<br />
*'''All India Police Hockey Championship'''<br />
** Runners-up (1): 2024<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/punjab-lifts-72nd-all-india-police-hockey-title/|title=Punjab lifts 72nd All India Police Hockey title|date=9 February 2024|access-date=22 July 2024|publisher=All India Football Federation|location=Jammu|archive-date=22 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722132606/https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/punjab-lifts-72nd-all-india-police-hockey-title/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://statetimes.in/punjab-retains-all-india-police-hockey-trophy/|title=Punjab Retains All India Police Hockey Trophy|date=9 February 2024|access-date=22 July 2024|website=statetimes.in|publisher=The State Times News|location=Jammu|archive-date=12 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240412160250/https://statetimes.in/punjab-retains-all-india-police-hockey-trophy/}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Basketball===<br />
BSF has been operating both men's and women's basketball teams, and competing in Punjab State Annual Basketball League.<ref name="Basketball">{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050920/sports.htm#9|title=Punjab Police men, Jalandhar eves win titles|agency=Tribune News Service|website=tribuneindia.com|publisher=The Tribune India|date=19 September 2005|access-date=26 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926113757/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050920/sports.htm#9|archive-date=26 September 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''Honours'''<br />
*'''Punjab State Annual Basketball League'''<br />
**Runners-up (1): 2005<ref name="Basketball"/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal bar|India|Association football|Hockey}}<br />
* [[List of football clubs in India]]<br />
* [[Army Red football team|Army Red]]<br />
* [[Army Green football team|Army Green]]<br />
* [[Indian Air Force football team|Indian Air Force]]<br />
* [[Indian Navy Sports Club|Indian Navy]]<br />
* [[Services football team]]<br />
* [[Railways football team]]<br />
* [[Assam Rifles football team|Assam Rifles]]<br />
* [[Central Reserve Police Force Sporting Club|Central Reserve Police Force]]<br />
* [[Punjab Police FC]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
*{{cite book|first1=Boria|last1=Majumdar|first2=Kausik|last2=Bandyopadhyay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V-sMYjZkpigC&pg=PA69|title=A Social History Of Indian Football: Striving To Score|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629140637/https://books.google.com/books?id=V-sMYjZkpigC&pg=PA69|archive-date=29 June 2021|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=2006|isbn=9780415348355}}<br />
*{{cite book|first1=Jaydeep|last1=Basu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeovtKLi-1sC|title=Stories from Indian Football|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011131939/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Stories_from_Indian_Football.html?id=QeovtKLi-1sC&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y|archive-date=11 October 2022|publisher=UBS Publishers' Distributors|date=2003|isbn=9788174764546}}<br />
*{{cite web|first=Siraj|last=Chatterjee|date=10 December 2020|url=https://footballindia.co.in/punjabi-football-on-a-roar/|title=Punjabi Football on a Roar!|website=footballindia.co.in|publisher=Football India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417210646/https://footballindia.co.in/punjabi-football-on-a-roar/|archive-date=17 April 2021|access-date=12 December 2021|url-status=dead}}<br />
*{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india2019.html#punj|title=India 2018/19 — Punjab State Super Football League|access-date=26 January 2023|archive-date=23 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523233120/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india2019.html#punj|work=[[RSSSF]]}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{Facebook|100063944340946}}<br />
*[https://www.the-aiff.com/club/9474 Border Security Force] at [[All India Football Federation|the-aiff.com]]<br />
<br />
{{Punjab State Super Football League}}<br />
{{Durand Cup winners}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Football clubs in Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:Sport in Jalandhar]]<br />
[[Category:Police football clubs in India]]<br />
[[Category:Organizations with year of establishment missing]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Highway_2C_(India,_old_numbering)&diff=520966National Highway 2C (India, old numbering)2025-10-20T13:27:23Z<p>RenaldoParadis: Redirect page</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[National Highway 119 (India)]]<br />
<br />
{{Redirect category shell|<br />
{{R with history}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:National highways in Bihar|2C]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Highway_45_(India,_old_numbering)&diff=520990National Highway 45 (India, old numbering)2025-10-13T18:08:50Z<p>RenaldoParadis: redirect</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Grand Southern Trunk Road]]<br />
<br />
{{Redirect category shell|<br />
{{R with history}}<br />
}}</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalpana_Balakrishnan&diff=507768Kalpana Balakrishnan2025-09-27T18:16:23Z<p>RenaldoParadis: Starting Initial Stub W/ Infobox</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian medical researcher}}<br />
{{Infobox scientist<br />
| name = Kalpana Balakrishnan<br />
| image = Kalpana Balakrishnan.jpg<br />
| caption = Balakrishnan in 2012<br />
| workplaces = [[Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[Johns Hopkins University]] <br> [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences]]<br />
| thesis_title = Sulfhydral reagents regulate and modulate the cGMP-dependent cation channel of bovine rod photoreceptors<br />
| thesis_url = https://search.worldcat.org/en/title/27272682<br />
| thesis_year = 1990<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Kalpana Balakrishnan''' is an Indian medical researcher who is a professor and Dean (Research) at the [[Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research]]. Her research has been in the area of air pollution and environmental health risk assessments with a special focus on low and middle income countries. She is an elected member of the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]].<br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Balakrishnan grew up in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=2019-02-01 |title=Kalpana Balakrishnan: the power of data to drive positive change |journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization |volume=97 |issue=2 |pages=81–82 |doi=10.2471/BLT.19.030219 |issn=0042-9686 |pmc=6357574 |pmid=30728614}}</ref> She was an undergraduate student at the [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi|All India Institute of Medical Sciences]]. She was a doctoral researcher in biophysics at [[Johns Hopkins University]], where she also worked as a postdoctoral researcher. Her doctorate considered the role of sulfhydral reagents in the regulation and modulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sulfhydral reagents regulate and modulate the cGMP-dependent cation channel of bovine rod photoreceptors {{!}} WorldCat.org |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/27272682 |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=search.worldcat.org |language=en}}</ref> During her postdoctoral research, she became increasingly interested in public health, learning about health economics and population dynamics.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Research and career ==<br />
Balakrishnan returned to India in 1996.<ref name=":0" /> She has spent much of her career at the [[Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research]]. Balakrishnan works on air pollution and environmental risk assessments. Her early research considered the health risks from exposure to [[chromium]].<ref name=":0" /> She performed occupational and population level environmental assessments, developed solutions and made recommendations for policy changes.<ref name=":0" /> She uses mother-child cohort studies and randomized controlled trials to examine the effectiveness of air pollution interventions on early childhood and cardiovascular outcomes. Her research revealed that exposure to fine particulate matter caused lower birthweights in newborn babies and advocated for a shift to [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] as a fuel. <ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
As Dean of the [[Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research]], Balakrishnan signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] with [[Colorado State University]] to offer joint programmes between the United States and India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-02 |title=SRIHER, Colorado State University to offer joint programmes |url=https://www.edexlive.com/news/2024/Mar/02/srihercolorado-state-university-to-offer-joint-programmes-40607.html |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=EdexLive |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Awards and honours ==<br />
* 1998 [[Harvard Medical School]] Award for Excellence in Environmental Health Research{{cn|date=September 2024}}<br />
* 1999 Outstanding Woman Scientist Award{{clarify|date=August 2024}}<br />
* 2000 Hari Om Ashram Trust Award{{cn|date=September 2024}}<br />
* 2008 Public Health Foundation of India Award{{cn|date=September 2024}}<br />
* 2014 Elected to the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]] of India<ref>{{Cite web |title=Information for NAMS Fellows |url=https://nams-india.in/downloads/fellowsmembers/List%20Of%20Fellows2.pdf}}</ref><br />
* 2021 [[Clarivate]] India Research Excellence Citation Award<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-28 |title=Clarivate Announces Recipients of the India Research Excellence – Citation Awards 2021 |url=https://clarivate.com/news/clarivate-announces-recipients-of-the-india-research-excellence-citation-awards-2021/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Clarivate |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Selected publications ==<br />
* {{Cite Q|Q28083357}}<br />
* {{Cite Q|Q113858437}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Balakrishnan, Kalpana}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Johns Hopkins University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Indian medical researchers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women medical researchers]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jadhav&diff=505029Jadhav2025-09-16T04:07:00Z<p>RenaldoParadis: Starting The Stub Added Tags</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Clan (Gotra) in Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka}}<br />
<br />
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br />
{{Infobox tribe|name=Jadhav|local name=जाधव|type=Clan (Gotra) of Koli, Maratha, Banjara and Mang castes|ethnicity=*[[Koli people|Koli]]<br />
*[[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]]<br />
*[[Banjara]]<br />
*[[Mang (caste)|Mang]]|location=*[[Maharashtra]]<br />
*[[Goa]]<br />
*[[Karnataka]]<br />
*[[Telangana]]|parent_tribe=[[Marathi people]]|language=*[[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br />
*[[Kachi Koli language|Koli]]<br />
*[[Hindi]]<br />
*[[English language|English]]|religion=[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|surnames=*[[Deshmukh]]<br />
*[[Patil (title)|Patil]]<br />
*[[Nayak (title)|Nayak]]<br />
*Jadhav}}<br />
The '''Jadhav''' is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) found in several [[Caste system in India|castes in India]] such as [[Koli people|Koli]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghurye |first=Govind Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5UAdAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mahadev Kolis |publisher=Popular Book Depot |year=1957 |location=[[New Delhi]] [[India]] [[Asia]] |pages=98: Clans of Kolis: Rongate. -Kondar, Rongate. Ghane, Ghare, Ghotkar, Godase, Gode, Gondake, Hadake, Hagavane, Hile, '''Jadhav''', Jagale, Jangale, Jhade, Jhapade, Joshi, Kachare, Kadali, Kadam, Kadu, Kambale, Karavande, Kathe, Kavadari, Kavale, Kavate, Kedari |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Kumar Suresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BsBEgVa804IC&dq=Jadhav+Kolis&pg=PA1098 |title=Maharashtra |last2=Bhanu |first2=B. V. |last3=India |first3=Anthropological Survey of |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-7991-101-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=1098: Koli clans: Golim, Gavadi, Gahade, Hadal, Harke, Jadhav, Jimbal, Kharpade, Karmode, Kathe, Katar, Kamadi, Khatali |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Prasad |first=R. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TmDRNTYw49EC&dq=Jadhav+Kolis&pg=PA75 |title=Encyclopaedic Profile of Indian Tribes |publisher=Discovery Publishing House |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-7141-298-3 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=75: Clans of Kolis of Maharashtra: Choudhari, Gaikwad, Ghatal, Gavit, Kordha, Shingade, Boke, Jadhav, Pum, Radeli, Bhage, etc. |language=en}}</ref> [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |date=1989 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=476 |language=en}}</ref> Veershaiv Vani,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kubala |first=Rameśa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qt21AAAAIAAJ&q=%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80 |title=Gābīta Kshatriya Āramārī gharāṇyāñcā itihāsa |date=1983 |publisher=Kshatriya Kulāvatãsa Āramārī Marāṭhā Samāja |language=mr}}</ref> [[Banjara]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burman |first=J. J. Roy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ai57G7ei0tIC&dq=Jadhav+Clan&pg=PA119 |title=Ethnography of a Denotified Tribe: The Laman Banjara |date=2010 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-8324-345-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=119 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Mang (caste)|Mangs]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shrivastavya |first=Vidayanand Swami |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l7w9AAAAIAAJ |title=Are Rajput-Maratha Marriages Morganatic? |date=1952 |publisher=D.K. Shrivastavya |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=128 |language=en}}</ref> living in the Indian states of [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]], [[Karnataka]], and [[Telangana]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}<br />
<br />
== Notable people ==<br />
*[[Bharat Jadhav]] (born 1973), Indian theatre and film producer<br />
*[[Bhaskar Jadhav]], Indian politician<br />
*[[Dhanaji Jadhav]] (1650–1708), warrior of the [[Maratha Empire]]<br />
*[[Kedar Jadhav]] (born 1985), Indian cricketer<br />
*[[Keshav Rao Jadhav]], Politician from [[Hyderabad State]]<br />
*[[Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav]] (1926–1984), Indian Olympic wrestler<br />
*[[Kulbhushan Jadhav]] (born 1970), Indian ex-naval officer and businessman, held by Pakistan since 2016 illegally. <br />
*[[Lakhuji Jadhav]], prominent grandee of [[Sindkhed Raja]] in 16th century<br />
*Loukik Jadhav (born 1989), Indian association footballer<br />
*[[Mary Clubwala Jadhav]] (1909–1975), Indian philanthropist<br />
*[[Namdeo Jadhav]] (born 1921), Indian recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]]<br />
*[[Narendra Jadhav]] (born 1953), Indian economist, bureaucrat, writer and educationist<br />
*[[Jadav Payeng]] (born 1959), environmental activist and forestry worker<br />
*[[Pradeep Hemsingh Jadhav]] (1954–2025), Indian politician<br />
*[[Prataprao Ganpatrao Jadhav]] (born 1960), member of the [[Lok Sabha]] in the Parliament of India<br />
*[[Priyadarshan Jadhav]] (born 1980), [[Marathi people|Marathi]] actor, film director, film producer and screenwriter<br />
*[[Ravi Jadhav]], Indian film producer and film director<br />
*[[Sanjay Jadhav]], Indian film producer and film director<br />
*[[Sanjay Haribhau Jadhav]] (born 1967), Indian politician<br />
*[[Siddarth Jadhav]] (born 1981), Indian actor and comedian<br />
*[[Snehal Jadhav]] (born 1990), [[Marathi people|Maharashtrian]] cricketer<br />
*[[Umesh. G. Jadhav]] (born 1959), Member of Parliament in the 17th Lok Sabha<br />
*[[Yamini Jadhav]], Indian politician<br />
*[[Keren Jadhav]], Indian business woman and women entrepreneur <ref>{{cite web | url=https://gulfnews.com/business/have-a-closer-look-at-e-commerce-packages-of-free-zones-1.1585657774268 | title="Have a closer look at e-commerce packages of free zones" | date=31 March 2020 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===In fiction===<br />
*[[Inspector Mahesh Jadhav]], a fictional character in ''[[Zapatlela (film series)|Zapatlela]]'' film series<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jadhav, Jadav}}<br />
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hasimara_Air_Force_Station&diff=464604Hasimara Air Force Station2025-08-24T17:45:53Z<p>RenaldoParadis: fixed information for clarity and corrected details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox airport<br />
| name = Hasimara Air Force Station<br />
| nativename =<br />
| image =[[File:Roundel of India.svg|60px]]<br />
| image-width =<br />
| caption =<br />
| IATA = <br />
| ICAO = VEHX<br />
| type = Military<br />
| owner = <br />
| operator = [[Eastern Air Command (India)|Eastern Air Command]]<br />
| city-served = [[Indian Air Force]]<br />
| location = [[Hasimara]], [[West Bengal]]<br />
| elevation-f = 340<br />
| elevation-m = 104<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|26|41|53|N|089|22|08|E|region:IN_type:airport}}<br />
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India<br />
| pushpin_mapsize = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = <br />
| pushpin_relief = <br />
| pushpin_image = <br />
| pushpin_label = Hasimara AFS<br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_mark = <br />
| pushpin_marksize = <br />
| website = <br />
| metric-rwy = y<br />
| r1-number = 11/29<br />
| r1-length-m = 2,743 <br />
| r1-length-f = 9,000 <br />
| r1-surface = [[Concrete]] / [[Asphalt concrete|asphalt]]<br />
| r2-number = <br />
| r2-length-m = <br />
| r2-length-f = <br />
| r2-surface = <br />
| footnotes = Source: ourairports.com<ref name="WAD">[http://ourairports.com/airports/VE44/pilot-info.html Hashimara Air Force Station] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926203406/http://ourairports.com/airports/VE44/pilot-info.html |date=2019-09-26 }}, ourairports.com, retrieved 2 July 2021.</ref><br />
}}<br />
'''Hasimara Air Force Station''' {{airport codes||VEHX}}<ref name="WAD" /> is an [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF) base located in [[Alipurduar district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. Hasimara is located strategically near the Indo-Bhutan border. It is also the closest Indian air base to the Chumbi Valley - the tri-junction between the Indian state of [[Sikkim]], [[Bhutan]] and the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The Hashimara AFS was established in the sub-Himalayan region of West Bengal after the [[Sino-Indian War]] of 1962. It has completed 50 years of operational existence in April 2013. The station was activated on April 7, 1963, when an IAF Caribou aircraft landed and dropped off its first Station Commander, Wing Commander DG King-Lee. The decision to establish the air base here was taken after the 1962 war. The airbase took active part in the Indo-Pak conflict of 1965 and the Indo-Pak war in 1971.<br />
<br />
It was home to [[No. 22 Squadron IAF]] in India.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Two-squadrons-at-Hasimara-to-receive-Presidents-Standards-in-Nov-end/articleshow/49760015.cms Two squadrons at Hasimara to receive President’s Standards in Nov end], The Times of India, 12 November 2015.</ref><br />
<br />
==Facilities==<br />
The airport is situated at an elevation of 340&nbsp;ft (104 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway with concrete surfaces: 11R/29L measuring 9,000 by 148 feet (2,743 by 45 m).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indiaairport.com/states/west_bengal/hasimara_air_force_station.htm|title=Hasimara Air Force Station|access-date=8 January 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Assets==<br />
In July 2021,the second squadron of [[Dassault Rafale]] fighter jets was inducted into [[No. 101 Squadron IAF]] at Hasimara.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/iaf-to-deploy-rafale-jets-in-haryanas-ambala-west-bengals-hashimara-infrastructure-assessment-completed-at-both-bases-5834081.html|title= IAF to deploy Rafale jets in Haryana's Ambala, West Bengal's Hashimara; infrastructure assessment completed at both bases|date=4 January 2019|website=First Post|access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/five-rafales-inducted-into-101-squadron-at-hasimara-afs-in-west-bengal/article35600392.ece|title=Five Rafales inducted into 101 Squadron at Hasimara AFS in West Bengal|website=The Frontline|date=29 July 2021|access-date=8 January 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Airports in India}}<br />
{{Indian Air Force}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian Air Force bases]]<br />
[[Category:Airports in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Transport in Alipurduar]]<br />
[[Category:1953 establishments in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:Military airbases established in 1963]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palataka_(book)&diff=523883Palataka (book)2025-08-19T22:36:47Z<p>RenaldoParadis: Done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|1918 book by Rabindranath Tagore}}<br />
'''''Palataka''''' (Bengali: পলাতকা; English: "The Runaway"<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=The Flute : Selected Poems of Rabindranath Tagore by Translated by Jadu Saha: As New Hardcover (2003) {{!}} Vedams eBooks (P) Ltd|url=https://www.abebooks.co.uk/9788175411449/Flute-Selected-Poems-Rabindranath-Tagore-8175411449/plp|access-date=2020-05-09|website=www.abebooks.co.uk|language=en-GB}}</ref> or "The Fugitive"<ref name="National Library of Australia - Trove - The fugitive / by Rabindranath Tagore">{{cite web |title=The fugitive / by Rabindranath Tagore |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/1204002 |website=[[Trove]] |publisher=[[National Library of Australia]] |accessdate=9 May 2020}}</ref>) is a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] poetry book written by [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. It was published in 1918.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Noble|first=Barnes &|title=Palataka ( Bengali Edition ){{!}}Paperback|url=https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/palataka-rabindranath-tagore/1128594480|access-date=2020-05-09|website=Barnes & Noble|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=দৈনিক জনকন্ঠ {{!}}{{!}} ২৫ বৈশাখ স্মরণে ॥ রবীন্দ্রনাথের 'পলাতকা' নারী নিপীড়নের চিত্র|url=https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/details/article/266241/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%AB-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0/|access-date=2020-05-09|website=[[Janakantha]]|language=bn}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2015-06-20|title=পলাতকা ছায়া - কালি ও কলম|url=https://www.kaliokalam.com/%e0%a6%aa%e0%a6%b2%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%a4%e0%a6%95%e0%a6%be-%e0%a6%9b%e0%a6%be%e0%a7%9f%e0%a6%be/|access-date=2020-05-09|website=কালি ও কলম|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> It consists of 15 poems.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">পলাতকা – রবীন্দ্র রচনাবলী </ref><br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
There were mainly two points behind the writing of the book "Palataka".<ref name=":3" /> These are: (a) the political tensions and (b) the serious social conditions of the Indian women.<ref name=":3" /> The book shows Tagore's rebellious nature and reflects his sensitivity to social life.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> <br />
<br />
<br /><br />
<br />
== List of poems ==<br />
The poems of "Palataka" are:<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
# Palataka<br />
# Phanki<br />
# Mala<br />
# Kalo meye<br />
# Hariye-jaoya<br />
# Chiradiner daga<br />
# Mayer samman<br />
# Bhola <br />
# Asol<br />
# Shesh gaan<br />
# Mukti<br />
# Nishkriti<br />
# Chinnyo patra<br />
# Thakurdadar chuti<br />
# Shesh pratistha <br />
# <br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Rabindranath Tagore}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
* [https://bn.m.wikisource.org/wiki/পলাতকা Text on Bengali wikisource]<br />
<br />
* [https://rabindra-rachanabali.nltr.org/ rabindra-rachanabali.nltr.org]<br />
<br />
[[Category:1918 poetry books]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali poetry collections]]<br />
[[Category:Poetry collections by Rabindranath Tagore]]<br />
[[Category:Indian_poetry_books]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hafeez_Merathi&diff=501810Hafeez Merathi2025-07-20T20:55:26Z<p>RenaldoParadis: Starting New Entry From Scratch</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Urdu poet, author (1922 – 2000)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox poet<br />
| name = Hafeez Merathi<br />
| birth_date = 10 January 1922<br />
| death_date = 7 January 2000<br />
| occupation = Writer, poet, Critics<br />
| birth_place = [[Meerut]], Uttar Pradesh, India<br />
| birth_name = Hafeez-ur-Rahman<br />
| notable_works = "Aabaad Rahenge Virane Shadab Rahengi Zanjiren."<br />
| native_name_lang = Ur<br />
| native_name = حفیظ میرٹھی<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Hafeez Merathi''' ([[Urdu language|Urdu]]: حفیظ میرٹھی), whose real name was '''Hafeez-ur-Rahman''' (10 January 1922 – 7 January 2000) was an Indian [[Urdu poet]], author and critic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=जयंती विशेष: 'देशप्रेम और खुद्दारी का पैकर...', हां, मैं हूं हफीज मेरठी! ब्रिटिश हुकूमत की हिला दी थी नींव |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut/jayanti-special-shayar-hafeez-meerthi-shook-the-foundation-of-british-rule-with-his-shayri-2024-01-10 |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> He is known for his poem "Aabaad Rahenge Virane Shadab Rahengi Zanjiren."<ref>{{Cite web |last=فہمی |first=جمال عباس |date=2024-02-19 |title=حفیظ میرٹھی: جس نے زندگی بھر مقصدی شاعری کی... جمال عباس فہمی |url=https://www.qaumiawaz.com/literary/hafeez-meeruthi-who-wrote-purposeful-poetry-throughout-his-life-column-by-jamal-abbas-fahmi |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=Qaumi Awaz |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=الدین |first1=امین الدین شجاع |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5x1mDwAAQBAJ&dq=%D8%AD%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B8+%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%B9%DA%BE%DB%8C&pg=PT60 |title=ملنے کے نہیں نایاب ہیں ہم: Milne Ke Nahi Nayab Hen Hum |last2=Shujauddin |first2=Ameenuddin |date=2011-01-01 |publisher=Daren Book Depot Lucknow up |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-LNIAQAAIAAJ&q=%D8%AD%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B8+%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%B9%DA%BE%DB%8C |title=Urdu book review |date=2007 |publisher=Jāvīd Akhtar. |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jawed |first=Mohammed Nasir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b7wMAQAAMAAJ&q=hafeez+merathi |title=Year Book of the Muslim World: A Handy Encyclopaedia |date=1996 |publisher=Medialine |isbn=978-81-86420-00-3 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
He was born to Mohammad Ibraheem Khaleel in 1922 at Meerut. In 1939, he completed his high school examination at the Faiz-e-Aam inter college. However, he had to halt his education after the passing of his maternal grandfather Munshi Khadim Husain, a literature enthusiast.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mahdī |first=Tābish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lFFQAQAAIAAJ&q=%D8%AD%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B8+%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%B9%DA%BE%DB%8C |title=Naqd-i g̲h̲azal |date=2005 |publisher=Ḍākṭar Tābish Mahdī |language=ur}}</ref> This event sparked the poet within Hafeez.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-07 |title=حضرت حفیظؔ میرٹھی |url=https://dawatnews.net/%d8%ad%d8%b6%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d9%81%db%8c%d8%b8%d8%94-%d9%85%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%b9%da%be%db%8c/ |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=دعوت نیوز |language=ur}}</ref> In 1947, he successfully passed his F.A as a private student.<ref>{{Cite web |last=قندیل |date=2020-06-29 |title=شعرِ بے اختیار کا شاعر حفیظ میرٹھی |url=https://qindeelonline.com/sher-e-be-ikhtiyar-ka-shayer-hafeez-meeruthi/ |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=قندیل - Qindeel |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oc5jAAAAMAAJ&q=%D8%AD%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B8+%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%B9%DA%BE%DB%8C |title=دحفل صنم |date=2002 |publisher=شهلا نواب |language=ur}}</ref><br />
<br />
Hafeez's maternal grandfather, Khadim Hussain, was fond of poetry and encouraged Hafeez's interest in it. Later, Hafeez began consulting Barelvi. Hafeez Sahib participated in poetry gatherings (mushairas) in various countries.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yp9jAAAAMAAJ&q=%D8%AD%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B8+%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%B9%DA%BE%DB%8C |title=حفيظ ميرٹھى، لن اور شخصيت |date=1993 |publisher=اداره ادب اسلامى هند، |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sajjād |first=Aḥmad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ks1jAAAAMAAJ&q=%D8%AD%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B8+%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%B9%DA%BE%DB%8C |title=Taʻmīrī adabī taḥrīk, afkār va masāʾil: tanqīdī maz̤āmīn kā majmūʻah |date=1994 |publisher=Qāz̤ī Pablisharz ainḍ Disṭrībiyūṭarz |isbn=978-81-85362-38-0 |language=ur}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Life ==<br />
Initially, Hafeez consulted the poet Aasim Barelvi, but afterward, he did not settle under any particular teacher. His early poetry was deeply influenced by [[Jigar Moradabadi|Jigar Muradabadi]], characterized by similar tones, metaphors, and word combinations. However, after becoming a member of [[Jamaat-e-Islami]], the nature of his poetry changed significantly.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Māhirulqādrī |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=07JFAQAAIAAJ&q=%D8%AD%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B8+%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%B9%DA%BE%DB%8C |title=ىاد رفتگان |date=1984 |publisher=البدر پبلىکىشنز، |language=ur}}</ref> His association with Jamaat-e-Islami greatly influenced both his poetry and his life.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-20 |title=حفیظ میرٹھی ؔ - Kashmir Uzma |url=https://kashmiruzma.net/%d8%ad%d9%81%db%8c%d8%b8-%d9%85%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%b9%da%be%db%8c-%d8%94/ |access-date=2024-07-03 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=انتہائی شریف النفس، منکسر المزاج انسان، مگر باغی، انقلابی شاعر... حفیظ میرٹھی |url=https://jang.com.pk/news/1265179 |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=jang.com.pk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Abbās |first=Muṣāiyab |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zgZAAAAAIAAJ&q=%D8%AD%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B8+%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%B9%DA%BE%DB%8C |title=گل صد رنگ |date=1962 |publisher=ايوان پبلشرز، |language=ur}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1975, the government imposed a state of emergency across the country, banning both the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]] and Jamaat-e-Islami, and arresting many of Jamaat-e-Islami's top leaders. Hafeez strongly opposed the Emergency through his poetry, which led to his imprisonment. Although he was released after some time, his views remained unchanged. He continued to express his dissent through poetry at mushairas, which eventually led to his re-arrest.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2023-04-25 |title=Poet Maulana Ismail Meeruti بیادگار اسماعیل میرٹھی۔ ادبی نشست کا انعقاد |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/urdu/national/state/uttar-pradesh/mushaira-and-seminar-on-poet-maulana-ismail-meeruti/na20230425194700416416204 |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-25 |title=عالمی یومِ اردو ایوارڈز 2023 کا اعلان، شمیم طارق کو لائف ٹائم اچیومنٹ ایوارڈ |url=https://urdu.munsifdaily.com/announcement-of-world-urdu-day-awards-2023-lifetime-achievement-award-to-shameem-tariq/ |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=Munsif Urdu News Hyderabad {{!}} روزنامہ منصف حیدرآباد |language=ur}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
He died on 7 January 2000 in Meerut.<ref>{{Cite web |last=فہمی |first=جمال عباس |date=2024-02-19 |title=حفیظ میرٹھی: جس نے زندگی بھر مقصدی شاعری کی... جمال عباس فہمی |url=https://www.qaumiawaz.com/literary/hafeez-meeruthi-who-wrote-purposeful-poetry-throughout-his-life-column-by-jamal-abbas-fahmi |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=Qaumi Awaz |language=ur}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
*{{Cite news |last=فہمی |first=جمال عباس |date=19 February 2024 |title=حفیظ میرٹھی: جس نے زندگی بھر مقصدی شاعری کی... جمال عباس فہمی |url=https://www.qaumiawaz.com/literary/hafeez-meeruthi-who-wrote-purposeful-poetry-throughout-his-life-column-by-jamal-abbas-fahmi |work=[[The Inquilab]]}} <br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Merathi, Hafeez}}<br />
[[Category:1922 births]]<br />
[[Category:2000 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:Urdu-language poets]]<br />
[[Category:People from Meerut]]<br />
{{Authority control}}</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghatiana_dvivarna&diff=500370Ghatiana dvivarna2025-07-19T09:04:44Z<p>RenaldoParadis: made - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Species of crab}}<br />
{{Speciesbox<br />
| image = Ghatiana dvivarna.jpg<br />
| genus = Ghatiana<br />
| species = dvivarna<br />
| authority = Pati & Thackeray, 2022<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Ghatiana dvivarna''''' is a species of freshwater crab from the Central [[Western Ghats]] in India that was first identified in 2022.<ref name=Nauplius>{{cite journal|title=A new species of the freshwater crab genus Ghatiana Pati and Sharma, 2014 (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Central Western Ghats, India|first1=S.K.|last1=Pati|first2=Tejas|last2=Thackeray|journal=Nauplius|date=15 August 2022|volume=30|doi=10.1590/2358-2936e2022019|doi-access=free|bibcode=2022Naup...30E2019P }}</ref><ref name="DownToEarth">{{cite news |title=Freshwater crab species with striking colours found in Western Ghats |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/wildlife-biodiversity/freshwater-crab-species-with-striking-colours-found-in-western-ghats-84610 |publisher=Himanshu Nitnaware |date=30 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Belagere |first1=Chetana |title=What is Ghatiana Dvivarna? Forest guard, naturalist from Karnataka discover new crab species |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/news/story-of-how-a-forest-guard-and-naturalist-from-karnataka-discovered-a-new-crab-species/ |website=The South First |publisher=South First |access-date=20 Aug 2022 |date=20 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Kumar H |first1=Pavan |title=Ramesh Badiger, Parashuram Bajantri and Parasappa Jajappagol |url=https://23in23.deccanherald.com/ramesh-badigar-parashuram-bajantri-and-parasappa-jajappagol |website=DH Changemakers |publisher=Deccan Herald |access-date=20 Jan 2023 |language=en |date=26 December 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Discovery ==<br />
The species was first sighted June 30, 2021, in Anshi wildlife range, [[Kali Tiger Reserve]] in Karnataka. Parshuram Prabhu Bajantri a forest guard at the wildlife range was looking for a [[Echis carinatus|saw-scaled viper]] from the region. His friend accompanying him had suggested to check deeper forest areas near laterite rocks when he spotted the crab near a waterbody. He took pictures of the crab and shared it with Varad Giri, the head scientist at [[Reliance Foundation]]. Giri checked the photos and said it was likely a new species. A year later, a paper was published in August 2022, announcing the new species.<ref name="DownToEarth">{{cite news |title=Freshwater crab species with striking colours found in Western Ghats |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/wildlife-biodiversity/freshwater-crab-species-with-striking-colours-found-in-western-ghats-84610 |publisher=Himanshu Nitnaware |date=30 August 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Ghatiana dvivarna's type locality is Bare in the [[Uttara Kannada]] district of [[Karnataka]] in the Western Ghats. It is endemic to this area.<ref name=Nauplius>{{cite journal|title=A new species of the freshwater crab genus Ghatiana Pati and Sharma, 2014 (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Central Western Ghats, India|first1=S.K.|last1=Pati|first2=Tejas|last2=Thackeray|journal=Nauplius|date=15 August 2022|volume=30|doi=10.1590/2358-2936e2022019|doi-access=free|bibcode=2022Naup...30E2019P }}</ref>[[File:Ghatiana dvivarna type locality.png|left|thumb|Ghatiana dvivarna's type locality]]<br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
The specific epithet, ''dvivarna'' (द्विवर्ण) is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] word for ‘bicolor’, after his discover Mr.P.P.Bhajantri wanted to name the crab in [[Kannada]], so the Sanskrit word (which is also present in Kannada) was chosen, referring to the crab's colour in life, which mainly consists of two colours (white and red-violet).<ref name=Nauplius>{{cite journal|title=A new species of the freshwater crab genus Ghatiana Pati and Sharma, 2014 (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Central Western Ghats, India|first1=S.K.|last1=Pati|first2=Tejas|last2=Thackeray|journal=Nauplius|date=15 August 2022|volume=30|doi=10.1590/2358-2936e2022019|doi-access=free|bibcode=2022Naup...30E2019P }}</ref><ref name="DownToEarth">{{cite news |title=Freshwater crab species with striking colours found in Western Ghats |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/wildlife-biodiversity/freshwater-crab-species-with-striking-colours-found-in-western-ghats-84610 |publisher=Himanshu Nitnaware |date=30 August 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Behaviour and ecology ==<br />
The species inhabits elevated mountains of the Central Western Ghats in rocky outcrops with grassy vegetation. The holes in the laterite rocks are their natural habitat. Individuals can also take shelter underneath small boulders. They are generally seen during the monsoon (June–September). They are mostly active during the twilight. As many as 30–40 crabs can be seen during this time when the weather is very cloudy with precipitation or mist.<ref name=Nauplius>{{cite journal|title=A new species of the freshwater crab genus Ghatiana Pati and Sharma, 2014 (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Central Western Ghats, India|first1=S.K.|last1=Pati|first2=Tejas|last2=Thackeray|journal=Nauplius|date=15 August 2022|volume=30|doi=10.1590/2358-2936e2022019|doi-access=free|bibcode=2022Naup...30E2019P }}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Taxonbar|from=Q115577220}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Grapsoidea]]<br />
[[Category:Crustaceans described in 2022]]<br />
[[Category:Crustaceans of India]]<br />
[[Category:Fauna of Karnataka]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_populated_places_in_Imphal_West_district&diff=513147List of populated places in Imphal West district2025-06-28T02:43:59Z<p>RenaldoParadis: stub!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Villages in Imphal West district of Manipur, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}<br />
<br />
The [[Imphal West district]] of [[Manipur]] state in India has four sub-divisions. As of 2023, it has 4 [[municipal council]]s or [[municipal corporation]]s, and 178 villages.<ref name="towns">{{cite web |title=Municipal Corporation/Council |publisher=District Administration Imphal West |url=https://imphalwest.nic.in/municipal-corporations/ |access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref><ref name="villages">{{cite web |title=Village list of Imphal West |publisher=District Administration Imphal West |url=https://imphalwest.nic.in/village-list-of-imphal-west/ |access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref> The [[2011 Census of India]] recorded 16 towns (including 3 municipal councils) and 124 villages in the district.<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |title=Primary census abstract at town, village and ward level, Manipur - District Imphal West - 2011 |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/6468 |access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Blocks ==<br />
<br />
The district has the following subdivisions:<ref name="villages"/><ref name="census_2011"/><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Name<br />
! Population<br />
! [[Effective literacy rate]]<br />
! Sex ratio<br />
! [[Scheduled caste|SC]] population %<br />
! [[Scheduled tribe|ST]] population %<br />
! Census code (2011)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lamshang]] (Lamsang)<br />
| 84856<br />
| 80.16%<br />
| 1023<br />
| 17.44%<br />
| 2.79%<br />
| 01879<br />
|-<br />
| [[Patsoi]]<br />
| 70665<br />
| 86.1%<br />
| 1024<br />
| 0.2%<br />
| 4.28%<br />
| 01880<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lamphelpat]] (Lamphel)<br />
| 221422<br />
| 91.59%<br />
| 1048<br />
| 0.65%<br />
| 7.56%<br />
| 01881<br />
|-<br />
| [[Wangoi]]<br />
| 141049<br />
| 80.69%<br />
| 1013<br />
| 0.1%<br />
| 1.44%<br />
| 01882<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Towns ==<br />
<br />
The district has following towns:<ref name="towns"/><ref name="census_2011"/><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Name<br />
! Type<br />
! Block<br />
! Population<br />
! Effective literacy rate<br />
! Sex ratio<br />
! SC population %<br />
! ST population %<br />
! Census code (2011)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lamsang]]<br />
| [[Nagar Panchayat]]<br />
| Lamshang<br />
| 8130<br />
| 85.89%<br />
| 1119<br />
| 0.27%<br />
| 5.97%<br />
| 801485<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sekmai Bazar]]<br />
| [[Nagar Panchayat]]<br />
| Lamshang<br />
| 5065<br />
| 82.96%<br />
| 1053<br />
| 62.92%<br />
| 1.13%<br />
| 801486<br />
|-<br />
| [[Nambol]] (part)<br />
| [[Municipal Council#India|Municipal Council]]<br />
| Patsoi<br />
| 5431<br />
| 88.75%<br />
| 1025<br />
| 0.04%<br />
| 1.23%<br />
| 801469<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lamjaotongba]]<br />
| [[Census town#India|Census Town]]<br />
| Patsoi<br />
| 10593<br />
| 85.2%<br />
| 1082<br />
| 0.14%<br />
| 5.74%<br />
| 270116<br />
|-<br />
| [[Langjing]]<br />
| [[Census town#India|Census Town]]<br />
| Patsoi<br />
| 5451<br />
| 90.62%<br />
| 960<br />
| 0.68%<br />
| 6.02%<br />
| 270117<br />
|-<br />
| [[Imphal]] (major part)<br />
| [[Municipal Council#India|Municipal Council]]<br />
| Lamphelpat<br />
| 186538<br />
| 91.71%<br />
| 1047<br />
| 0.57%<br />
| 8.9%<br />
| 801487<br />
|-<br />
| [[Naoriya Pakhanglakpa]]<br />
| [[Census town#India|Census Town]]<br />
| Lamphelpat<br />
| 7501<br />
| 89.58%<br />
| 1059<br />
| 0.01%<br />
| 0.27%<br />
| 270122<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sagolband]] (part)<br />
| [[Census town#India|Census Town]]<br />
| Lamphelpat<br />
| 4964<br />
| 92.65%<br />
| 1042<br />
| 0.36%<br />
| 0.04%<br />
| 270123<br />
|-<br />
| [[Takyel Mapal]]<br />
| [[Census town#India|Census Town]]<br />
| Lamphelpat<br />
| 5775<br />
| 90.28%<br />
| 980<br />
| 6.08%<br />
| 1.39%<br />
| 270124<br />
|-<br />
| [[Samurou]] (Major part)<br />
| [[Municipal Council]] ([[Nagar Panchayat]] in 2011)<br />
| Wangoi<br />
| 10721<br />
| 82.32%<br />
| 1033<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.02%<br />
| 801488<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mayang Imphal]]<br />
| [[Municipal Council#India|Municipal Council]]<br />
| Wangoi<br />
| 24239<br />
| 74.17%<br />
| 1023<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.29%<br />
| 801489<br />
|-<br />
| [[Thongkhong Laxmi Bazar]]<br />
| [[Municipal Council]] ([[Nagar Panchayat]] in 2011)<br />
| Wangoi<br />
| 14878<br />
| 77.17%<br />
| 1009<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 1.4%<br />
| 801490<br />
|-<br />
| [[Wangoi]]<br />
| [[Municipal Council]] ([[Nagar Panchayat]] in 2011)<br />
| Wangoi<br />
| 9106<br />
| 82.28%<br />
| 994<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 1.28%<br />
| 801491<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lilong (Imphal West)]]<br />
| [[Nagar Panchayat]]<br />
| Wangoi<br />
| 12427<br />
| 86.84%<br />
| 1045<br />
| 0.03%<br />
| 0.02%<br />
| 801492<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Villages ==<br />
<br />
The district has following villages:<ref name="villages"/><ref name="census_2011"/><br />
<br />
=== Lamphel sub-division (Central SDC Circle) ===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Name<br />
! Population<br />
! Effective literacy rate<br />
! Sex ratio<br />
! SC population %<br />
! ST population %<br />
! Census code (2011)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Heinoukhongnembi]]<br />
| 3591<br />
| 88.72%<br />
| 1079<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.19%<br />
| 270118<br />
|-<br />
| [[Maibam Leikai]]<br />
| 3030<br />
| 92.24%<br />
| 1051<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.23%<br />
| 270119<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ahongsangbam Leikai]]<br />
| 1175<br />
| 93.16%<br />
| 1113<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.17%<br />
| 270120<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sorokhaibam Leikai]]<br />
| 1927<br />
| 92.61%<br />
| 1063<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.1%<br />
| 270121<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The following villages are not listed in the 2011 census directory:<ref name="villages"/><ref name="census_2011"/><br />
<br />
* [[Chingamkham Leikai]]<br />
* [[Ploice Bazar]]<br />
* [[Chingamathak]]<br />
* [[Chingamakha]]<br />
* [[Ningthoujam Leikai]]<br />
* [[Keishamthong]]<br />
* [[Babupara]]<br />
* [[Khagempalli]]<br />
* [[Naoriya Pakhanglakpa]]<br />
* [[Singjamei]]<br />
* [[Oinam Thingel]]<br />
* [[Sagolband]]<br />
* [[Bijoygovinda]]<br />
* [[Uripok]]<br />
* [[Khwai Bazar]]<br />
* [[Lalambung]]<br />
* [[Kangla]]<br />
* [[Khwai Lalambung]]<br />
* [[Thangmeiband]]<br />
* [[Kabo Leikai]]<br />
* [[Meitei Langol]]<br />
* [[Lamphel Pat]]<br />
* [[Iroisemba]]<br />
* [[Takyel Khongbal]]<br />
<br />
=== Lamsang subdivision ===<br />
<br />
==== Lamsang SDC Circle ====<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Name<br />
! Population<br />
! Effective literacy rate<br />
! Sex ratio<br />
! SC population %<br />
! ST population %<br />
! Census code (2011)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kameng, Manipur|Kameng]]<br />
| 974<br />
| 82.96%<br />
| 936<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270059<br />
|-<br />
| [[Phumlou]]<br />
| 2138<br />
| 73.95%<br />
| 969<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270058<br />
|-<br />
| [[Koutruk]]<br />
| 472<br />
| 69.98%<br />
| 1098<br />
| 62.5%<br />
| 1.69%<br />
| 270060<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lairensajik]]<br />
| 705<br />
| 76.4%<br />
| 964<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270061<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kadangband]]<br />
| 1262<br />
| 68.59%<br />
| 966<br />
| 39.22%<br />
| 0.63%<br />
| 270062<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lamlongei]]<br />
| 1028<br />
| 53.98%<br />
| 988<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.1%<br />
| 270063<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mayang Langjing]]<br />
| 2895<br />
| 87.16%<br />
| 988<br />
| 0.21%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270064<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kangchup]]<br />
| 286<br />
| 83.46%<br />
| 1072<br />
| 6.64%<br />
| 14.34%<br />
| 270065<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kharang Koireng]]<br />
| 1303<br />
| 76.65%<br />
| 1068<br />
| 72.29%<br />
| 6.75%<br />
| 270066<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kha-Leirenkabi]] (Kha-Lairenkabi)<br />
| 79<br />
| 66.67%<br />
| 975<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270067<br />
|-<br />
| [[Awang Leirenkabi]] (Awang Lairenkabi)<br />
| 851<br />
| 80.97%<br />
| 1012<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270068<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lambal]]<br />
| 802<br />
| 73.42%<br />
| 1062<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270077<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lamshang]] / Lamsang (part)<br />
| 282<br />
| 79.83%<br />
| 945<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270078<br />
|-<br />
| [[Akham]]<br />
| 500<br />
| 83.94%<br />
| 1083<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270079<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ngariyambam]]<br />
| 449<br />
| 90.18%<br />
| 1088<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270080<br />
|-<br />
| [[Heibongpokpi]] (Heirongpokpi)<br />
| 595<br />
| 86.1%<br />
| 997<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270081<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sanjenbam]]<br />
| 749<br />
| 81.1%<br />
| 966<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270082<br />
|-<br />
| [[Phayeng]] (Chakpa Phayeng)<br />
| 2728<br />
| 75.17%<br />
| 1045<br />
| 93.51%<br />
| 1.65%<br />
| 270083<br />
|-<br />
| [[Haorang Sabal]]<br />
| 761<br />
| 77.66%<br />
| 1232<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270090<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The following villages are not listed in the 2011 census directory:<ref name="villages"/><ref name="census_2011"/><br />
<br />
* [[Akham]]<br />
* [[Laingamkhul]]<br />
* [[Kangchup]]<br />
* [[Taothong]]<br />
* [[Lamdeng]]<br />
* [[Lamdeng Khunou]]<br />
<br />
==== Salam SDC Circle ====<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Name<br />
! Population<br />
! Effective literacy rate<br />
! Sex ratio<br />
! SC population %<br />
! ST population %<br />
! Census code (2011)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Thangjing Khullen]]<br />
| 1070<br />
| 80.68%<br />
| 1062<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270069<br />
|-<br />
| [[Maklang]]<br />
| 1271<br />
| 86.48%<br />
| 929<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.08%<br />
| 270070<br />
|-<br />
| [[Luker, Manipur|Luker]]<br />
| 1485<br />
| 81.21%<br />
| 1020<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270071<br />
|-<br />
| [[Salam Keikhu]]<br />
| 1974<br />
| 78.63%<br />
| 1048<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270072<br />
|-<br />
| [[Awang Khunou]] (Awangkhunou)<br />
| 2878<br />
| 82.9%<br />
| 1014<br />
| 0.03%<br />
| 0.17%<br />
| 270073<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ngairangbam]]<br />
| 2578<br />
| 76.78%<br />
| 1020<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270074<br />
|-<br />
| [[Longa Koireng]] (Loinga Koireng)<br />
| 963<br />
| 77.4%<br />
| 953<br />
| 39.77%<br />
| 23.57%<br />
| 270075<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kabui Anouba]]<br />
| 0<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| 270076<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tairenpokpi]]<br />
| 892<br />
| 76.68%<br />
| 1027<br />
| 95.85%<br />
| 1.57%<br />
| 270084<br />
|-<br />
| [[Khongakhul]]<br />
| 71<br />
| 93.33%<br />
| 1152<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270085<br />
|-<br />
| [[Polangsoi]]<br />
| 181<br />
| 60.27%<br />
| 1011<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270086<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kangdabi]]<br />
| 314<br />
| 88.39%<br />
| 1107<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270087<br />
|-<br />
| [[Atom Khuman]]<br />
| 157<br />
| 61.36%<br />
| 1343<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270088<br />
|-<br />
| [[Haorang Keirel]]<br />
| 894<br />
| 87.94%<br />
| 996<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270089<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kiyam]]<br />
| 426<br />
| 81.2%<br />
| 919<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270091<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tharoijam]]<br />
| 1302<br />
| 81.24%<br />
| 1044<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270092<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Sekmai SDC Circle ====<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Name<br />
! Population<br />
! Effective literacy rate<br />
! Sex ratio<br />
! SC population %<br />
! ST population %<br />
! Census code (2011)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ekpan Khullen]] (Akpal Khullen)<br />
| 0<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| 270025<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ekpal Khunou]] (Akpal Khunou)<br />
| 0<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| 270026<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kuraopokpi]]<br />
| 0<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| 270024<br />
|-<br />
| [[Heinoupokpi]]<br />
| 0<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| 270027<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tokpa Khul]] (Thokpa Khul)<br />
| 0<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| 270028<br />
|-<br />
| [[Thonamba]]<br />
| 0<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| 270029<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tumnoupokpi]]<br />
| 0<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| 270030<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tumuyon Khunou]] (Thumyom Khunou)<br />
| 0<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| 270031<br />
|-<br />
| [[Malken Halkhothang]] (Makel Helakthang)<br />
| 0<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| 270032<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tumuyon Khullen]] (Thumyom Khullen)<br />
| 0<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| 270033<br />
|-<br />
| [[Keithelmanbi]]<br />
| 131<br />
| 96.4%<br />
| 365<br />
| 0.76%<br />
| 0.76%<br />
| 270034<br />
|-<br />
| [[Khoiren Tampak]]<br />
| 0<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| 270035<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mantri Leikai]]<br />
| 543<br />
| 87.29%<br />
| 996<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270056<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kanglatongbi]] (Kanglatombi)<br />
| 7152<br />
| 87.77%<br />
| 1083<br />
| 0.53%<br />
| 7.45%<br />
| 270036<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sekmai]] (part)<br />
| 5162<br />
| 79.22%<br />
| 977<br />
| 31.13%<br />
| 10.19%<br />
| 270037<br />
|-<br />
| [[Keingam]]<br />
| 247<br />
| 72.56%<br />
| 915<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270038<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kanto, Manipur|Kanto]]<br />
| 977<br />
| 70.87%<br />
| 990<br />
| 27.02%<br />
| 1.43%<br />
| 270039<br />
|-<br />
| [[Khurkhul]]<br />
| 6450<br />
| 78.16%<br />
| 955<br />
| 60.7%<br />
| 4.76%<br />
| 270040<br />
|-<br />
| [[Maharabi]]<br />
| 1275<br />
| 81.3%<br />
| 1021<br />
| 7.92%<br />
| 0.16%<br />
| 270041<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mandop Yumpham]]<br />
| 16<br />
| 73.33%<br />
| 778<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270042<br />
|-<br />
| [[Awang Laikinthabi]] (Leikinthabi)<br />
| 1669<br />
| 79.69%<br />
| 1030<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.06%<br />
| 270043<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tingri, Manipur|Tingri]]<br />
| 520<br />
| 74.45%<br />
| 1031<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270044<br />
|-<br />
| [[Potsangbam Khoiru]] (Potsangbam Khoirung)<br />
| 2298<br />
| 77.37%<br />
| 1012<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270045<br />
|-<br />
| [[Thouriphai]] (Thouri Phi)<br />
| 280<br />
| 81.22%<br />
| 879<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270046<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tendongyan]]<br />
| 1212<br />
| 75.31%<br />
| 1037<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270047<br />
|-<br />
| [[Konsakhul]]<br />
| 0<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| 270048<br />
|-<br />
| [[Senjam Khunou]] (Semjam Khunou)<br />
| 1985<br />
| 75.85%<br />
| 977<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270049<br />
|-<br />
| [[Loitang Khunou]]<br />
| 1081<br />
| 86.87%<br />
| 965<br />
| 9.62%<br />
| 0.28%<br />
| 270050<br />
|-<br />
| [[Loitang Laikinthabi]] (Loitang Leikinthabi)<br />
| 424<br />
| 67.78%<br />
| 1019<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.47%<br />
| 270051<br />
|-<br />
| [[Pheidinga]]<br />
| 406<br />
| 81.2%<br />
| 1020<br />
| 0.99%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270052<br />
|-<br />
| [[Khonghampat]] (Khongampat)<br />
| 2464<br />
| 72.7%<br />
| 1048<br />
| 0.28%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270053<br />
|-<br />
| [[Loitang Khullen]]<br />
| 1215<br />
| 71.55%<br />
| 1008<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270054<br />
|-<br />
| [[Loitang Sandum]]<br />
| 230<br />
| 75.0%<br />
| 1054<br />
| 0.87%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270055<br />
|-<br />
| [[Khamral]] (Khamarang / Khamran)<br />
| 609<br />
| 85.37%<br />
| 1078<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270057<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Patsoi subdivision ===<br />
<br />
==== Patsoi SDC Circle ====<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Name<br />
! Population<br />
! Effective literacy rate<br />
! Sex ratio<br />
! SC population %<br />
! ST population %<br />
! Census code (2011)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Changangei]]<br />
| 4581<br />
| 90.61%<br />
| 1023<br />
| 0.04%<br />
| 5.61%<br />
| 270113<br />
|-<br />
| [[Yurembam]]<br />
| 3701<br />
| 85.12%<br />
| 1061<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 7.57%<br />
| 270109<br />
|-<br />
| [[Patsoi]]<br />
| 5358<br />
| 89.33%<br />
| 1057<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270110<br />
|-<br />
| [[Taobungkhok]] (Tabungkhok)<br />
| 2559<br />
| 87.65%<br />
| 973<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.04%<br />
| 270112<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ghari, Manipur|Ghari]]<br />
| 2078<br />
| 89.52%<br />
| 1033<br />
| 1.44%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270114<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sangaiprou Maning]]<br />
| 3126<br />
| 92.39%<br />
| 1097<br />
| 1.31%<br />
| 16.44%<br />
| 270115<br />
|-<br />
| [[Langjing Achouba]]<br />
| 609<br />
| 83.33%<br />
| 1044<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 15.11%<br />
| 270111<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The following villages are not listed in the 2011 census directory:<ref name="villages"/><ref name="census_2011"/><br />
<br />
* [[Lamjao Thongba]]<br />
* [[Langjing]]<br />
<br />
==== Konthoujam SDC Circle ====<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Name<br />
! Population<br />
! Effective literacy rate<br />
! Sex ratio<br />
! SC population %<br />
! ST population %<br />
! Census code (2011)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Moidangpok Khullen]]<br />
| 3429<br />
| 75.56%<br />
| 932<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 2.95%<br />
| 270094<br />
|-<br />
| [[Moidangpok Khunou]]<br />
| 783<br />
| 70.4%<br />
| 900<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270095<br />
|-<br />
| [[Khaidem]]<br />
| 1750<br />
| 76.72%<br />
| 955<br />
| 0.06%<br />
| 0.06%<br />
| 270102<br />
|-<br />
| [[Khumbong]]<br />
| 2374<br />
| 83.95%<br />
| 1070<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.88%<br />
| 270103<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lanshonbi]] (Lansombi)<br />
| 2597<br />
| 81.4%<br />
| 1018<br />
| 0.42%<br />
| 0.04%<br />
| 270104<br />
|-<br />
| [[Konthoujam (village)|Konthoujam]] (Konthoujam)<br />
| 4025<br />
| 86.78%<br />
| 1024<br />
| 0.07%<br />
| 12.67%<br />
| 270105<br />
|-<br />
| [[Top Khabi]]<br />
| 1261<br />
| 89.96%<br />
| 992<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270106<br />
|-<br />
| [[Yarou Bamdiar]]<br />
| 2195<br />
| 85.4%<br />
| 1017<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 7.43%<br />
| 270107<br />
|-<br />
| [[Yarou Meitram]]<br />
| 0<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| 270108<br />
|-<br />
| [[Awang Jiri]]<br />
| 1477<br />
| 90.67%<br />
| 1021<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270099<br />
|-<br />
| [[Heigrujam]]<br />
| 2285<br />
| 79.11%<br />
| 961<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 3.37%<br />
| 270100<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sajirok]]<br />
| 449<br />
| 80.41%<br />
| 1050<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270101<br />
|-<br />
| [[Maha Koireng]]<br />
| 0<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| 270096<br />
|-<br />
| [[Manamyang]]<br />
| 0<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| 270097<br />
|-<br />
| [[Meisnam Kangmong]] (Maisnam Kangmong)<br />
| 4553<br />
| 85.15%<br />
| 1020<br />
| 0.02%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270098<br />
|-<br />
| [[Leingangpokpi]]<br />
| 0<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| NA<br />
| 270093<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The following villages are not listed in the 2011 census directory:<ref name="villages"/><ref name="census_2011"/><br />
<br />
* [[Thangtek]]<br />
* [[Awang Phoijing]]<br />
* [[Kha Jiri]]<br />
<br />
=== Wangoi subdivision ===<br />
<br />
==== Hiyangthang SDC Circle ====<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Name<br />
! Population<br />
! Effective literacy rate<br />
! Sex ratio<br />
! SC population %<br />
! ST population %<br />
! Census code (2011)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Malom Tuliyaima]]<br />
| 3096<br />
| 91.42%<br />
| 1045<br />
| 0.06%<br />
| 0.06%<br />
| 270127<br />
|-<br />
| [[Malom Tulihal]]<br />
| 2879<br />
| 90.75%<br />
| 650<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.17%<br />
| 270126<br />
|-<br />
| [[Meitram]]<br />
| 1644<br />
| 85.5%<br />
| 1017<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270128<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ningombam (village)|Ningombam]]<br />
| 2595<br />
| 88.1%<br />
| 1029<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270129<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kodompokpi]] (Kadampokpi)<br />
| 3562<br />
| 84.46%<br />
| 1000<br />
| 0.11%<br />
| 0.03%<br />
| 270130<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lairenjam]]<br />
| 2651<br />
| 84.6%<br />
| 1021<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270131<br />
|-<br />
| [[Wakching Khullen]]<br />
| 1304<br />
| 74.47%<br />
| 1031<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270132<br />
|-<br />
| [[Irom Meijrao]] (Irom Meijao)<br />
| 2373<br />
| 87.09%<br />
| 997<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.08%<br />
| 270133<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sangaiprou Mamang]] (Sangaiparou)<br />
| 4613<br />
| 88.51%<br />
| 1058<br />
| 0.43%<br />
| 0.5%<br />
| 270125<br />
|-<br />
| [[Takhellambam Konjil]]<br />
| 337<br />
| 91.32%<br />
| 1030<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270141<br />
|-<br />
| [[Langthabal Phuramakhong]] (Langthabal Phura Makhong)<br />
| 941<br />
| 93.11%<br />
| 1110<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.11%<br />
| 270136<br />
|-<br />
| [[Langthabal Lep]] (Langthabal Lap)<br />
| 3528<br />
| 89.09%<br />
| 1026<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.06%<br />
| 270135<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mongsangei]]<br />
| 3639<br />
| 80.6%<br />
| 896<br />
| 0.08%<br />
| 0.3%<br />
| 270137<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hiyangthang]]<br />
| 4778<br />
| 85.25%<br />
| 1071<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 2.91%<br />
| 270134<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Lilong Chajing SDC Circle ====<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Name<br />
! Population<br />
! Effective literacy rate<br />
! Sex ratio<br />
! SC population %<br />
! ST population %<br />
! Census code (2011)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Leiphrakpam Leikai]] (Laiphrakpam Leikai)<br />
| 1759<br />
| 86.67%<br />
| 1114<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270139<br />
|-<br />
| [[Oinam Leikai]]<br />
| 1182<br />
| 90.35%<br />
| 1077<br />
| 0.25%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270138<br />
|-<br />
| [[Langthabal Mantrikhong]]<br />
| 2564<br />
| 86.13%<br />
| 1068<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270152<br />
|-<br />
| [[Naral Konjil]]<br />
| 1007<br />
| 85.23%<br />
| 1022<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.4%<br />
| 270140<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The following villages are not listed in the 2011 census directory:<ref name="villages"/><ref name="census_2011"/><br />
<br />
* [[Naorem Leikai]]<br />
* [[Langthabal Kunja]]<br />
* [[Chajing, Manipur|Chajing]] (Part-1)<br />
* Chajing (Part-2)<br />
* [[Karam, Manipur|Karam]]<br />
* [[Haoreibi]]<br />
* [[Naran konjil]]<br />
<br />
==== Mayang Imphal SDC Circle ====<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Name<br />
! Population<br />
! Effective literacy rate<br />
! Sex ratio<br />
! SC population %<br />
! ST population %<br />
! Census code (2011)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Laphupat Tera]]<br />
| 4129<br />
| 67.25%<br />
| 989<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.02%<br />
| 270150<br />
|-<br />
| [[Komlakhong]]<br />
| 2385<br />
| 52.75%<br />
| 1049<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270149<br />
|-<br />
| [[Phoubakchao]]<br />
| 3588<br />
| 61.28%<br />
| 1000<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270148<br />
|-<br />
| [[Thongam]]<br />
| 1121<br />
| 83.76%<br />
| 1107<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270147<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hangoon]] (Hungun)<br />
| 866<br />
| 73.2%<br />
| 1107<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270146<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hayel]]<br />
| 474<br />
| 78.02%<br />
| 1000<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270145<br />
|-<br />
| [[Uchiwa, Manipur|Uchiwa]]<br />
| 3783<br />
| 77.08%<br />
| 1032<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 4.73%<br />
| 270144<br />
|-<br />
| [[Samushang]] (Samusang)<br />
| 1645<br />
| 71.95%<br />
| 876<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.06%<br />
| 270151<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The following villages are not listed in the 2011 census directory:<ref name="villages"/><ref name="census_2011"/><br />
<br />
* [[Bangoon]]<br />
* [[Mayang Imphal]]<br />
* [[Kokchai]]<br />
* [[Chabung Company]]<br />
* [[Chirai, Manipur|Chirai]]<br />
<br />
==== Wangoi SDC Circle ====<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Name<br />
! Population<br />
! Effective literacy rate<br />
! Sex ratio<br />
! SC population %<br />
! ST population %<br />
! Census code (2011)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chongtham Kona]]<br />
| 411<br />
| 76.72%<br />
| 860<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 270143<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bitra Urokhong]] (Bitra Urokhok)<br />
| 1685<br />
| 78.65%<br />
| 1008<br />
| 0.0%<br />
| 0.36%<br />
| 270142<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The following villages are not listed in the 2011 census directory:<ref name="villages"/><ref name="census_2011"/><br />
<br />
* [[Mutum Phibou]]<br />
* [[Laiphrakpam]]<br />
* [[Lakhuhuidrom]]<br />
* [[Wangoi Top]]<br />
* [[Thiyam Leisangkhong]]<br />
* [[Wangoi]] (village)<br />
* [[Oinam Sawombung]]<br />
* [[Naorem Chaphrou]]<br />
* [[Samurou]] (village)<br />
* [[Heiningsoi]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lists of populated places in Manipur|Imphal West]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vipul_Mudgal&diff=544769Vipul Mudgal2025-06-24T17:08:32Z<p>RenaldoParadis: put up</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian journalist, academician and social activist}}{{COI|date=June 2025}}{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Vipul Mudgal<br />
| image = Vipul Mudgal 2.jpg<br />
| caption = Vipul Mudgal, in his office of The Common Cause, New Delhi (2024).<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1960}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Azamgarh]]<br />
| citizenship = [[India]]n<br />
| alma_mater = [[Leicester University]]<br />
[[Indian Institute of Mass Communication]]<br />
[[St. John's College, Agra]]<br />
| organization = [[Common Cause (India)]], <br />
[[Centre for the Study of Developing Societies]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Vipul Mudgal''' (born 1960) is a [[journalist]], [[Academician|academic]] and [[social activist]]. He heads the rights-based [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]], [[Common Cause (India)|Common Cause]], New Delhi. He works on the intersections of [[democracy]], [[governance]] and [[political violence]], with emphasis on [[Militant|militancy]], [[extremism]], [[terrorism]] and [[Counterterrorism|counter-terrorism]] in [[South Asia]]. Mudgal has been writing on the perils of extrajudicial methods such as torture and [[fake police encounter]]s. He did his [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] at [[University of Leicester|Leicester University]] on [[Media (communication)|Media]], [[State (polity)|State]], and [[Political violence]] as a Nehru Centenary Fellow.<br />
<br />
Vipul has been a journalist with [[Hindustan Times]], [[India Today]], [[Asia Times]] and [[BBC World Service|BBC]]. He was later a visiting senior fellow at the [[Centre for the Study of Developing Societies|Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS)]] where he headed a project called 'Inclusive Media for Change' on rural livelihoods. <br />
<br />
He has been awarded many global fellowships, like [[Reagan–Fascell Democracy Fellowship|Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellowship]] (2020) at [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Author: Vipul Mudgal |url=https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/authors/vipul-mudgal/ |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=Journal of Democracy |language=en-US}}</ref> Jefferson Fellowship (2003) at the [[East–West Center|East-West Centre Hawaii]], Nehru Centenary British Fellowship(1991) in the [[United Kingdom|UK]], and the Visiting Senior Fellowship at the CSDS (2013-2014).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Claiming India from Below: Activism and democratic transformation |url=https://www.routledge.com/Claiming-India-from-Below-Activism-and-democratic-transformation/Mudgal/p/book/9780815395843 |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=Routledge & CRC Press |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Education ==<br />
Vipul Mudgal did his graduation and [[Postgraduate education|post-graduation]] from [[St. John's College, Agra|St John's College, Agra]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Johns College Agra Intl. Alumni Association: Notable Alumni |url=https://stjohnsagra.blogspot.com/p/notable-alumni.html |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=St. Johns College Agra Intl. Alumni Association}}</ref> He has a PhD in ''Media, State and Political Violence'', from [[Leicester University]], UK, in addition to receiving the Nehru Centenary British Fellowship.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Who We Are {{!}} Association for Democratic Reforms |url=https://adrindia.org/who-we-are |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=adrindia.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vipul Mudgal |url=https://delhipoetryfest.org/dpf6/member/vipul-mudgal/ |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=Delhi Poetry Festival 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Claiming India from Below: Activism and democratic transformation |url=https://www.routledge.com/Claiming-India-from-Below-Activism-and-democratic-transformation/Mudgal/p/book/9780815395843 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=Routledge & CRC Press |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
His career graph spans across – journalism, academia and social activism since the 1980s.<br />
<br />
=== As a journalist ===<br />
Mudgal began his career as a journalist with the Hindustan Times in Delhi in the mid of 1980s and was made the newspaper's correspondent in [[Amritsar]], the then nerve centre of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] politics. In 1987, he joined India Today as a senior correspondent at [[Chandigarh]] to cover [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir.]] He later served as the resident editor of Hindustan Times in [[Jaipur]] and [[Lucknow]], regional editor of Asia Times in [[Bangkok]] and a BBC journalist in [[London]] and [[Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=First CSE Media Fellowship for the South Asian Region 'Climate Change in South Asia: Indications, Impacts and Innovations for Survival' |url=https://www.cseindia.org/first-cse-media-fellowship-for-the-south-asian-region-climate-change-in-south-asia-indications-impacts-and-innovations-for-survival-347 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=www.cseindia.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fellowship Approval Committee – School for Democracy |url=https://schoolfordemocracy.org/fellowship-approval-committee/ |access-date=2024-06-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
He has written news reports and commentary on [[Militant|militancy]], [[extremism]], and [[terrorism]], particularly on the killings of innocent people by terrorists and the use of [[Extrajudicial punishment|extrajudicial methods]] by the police-such as [[torture]] and fictitious police encounters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Ajit Doval did during Operation Black Thunder II |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/government/ajit-doval-operation-black-thunder-excerpt |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=caravanmagazine.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1988-11-30 |title=Terrorist violence escalates in Punjab |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19881130-terrorist-violence-escalates-in-punjab-797941-1988-11-29 |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== As an academician ===<br />
In 2009, he joined the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS), Delhi, where he headed the Inclusive Media for Change, a clearing house of ideas on development alternatives. He completed his Visiting Senior Fellowship in October 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Common Cause |url=https://www.commoncause.in/vipul-mudgal.php |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=www.commoncause.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vipul Mudgal {{!}} Commutiny – The Youth Collective |url=https://commutiny.in/member/vipul-mudgal |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=commutiny.in}}</ref><ref name=":2"/><br />
<br />
As the head of the Publics and Policies programme at CSDS, Mudgal worked on media, [[public policy]], [[democratic rights]] and the multiple crisis of [[Rural, Indiana|rural India]].<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
=== As a social activist ===<br />
As the director of rights-based NGO, the [[Common Cause (India)|Common Cause]], New Delhi,<ref name="Baruah">{{Cite news |last=Baruah |first=Amit |date=2024-04-08 |title=How is India faring in the battle against corruption {{!}} In Focus podcast |url=https://www.thehindu.com/podcast/how-is-india-faring-in-the-battle-against-corruption-in-focus-podcast/article68042437.ece |access-date=2024-06-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Mudgal leads its campaigns for probity in public life and governance reforms. He also heads the team which brings out an [[annual report]] named '[[Status of Policing in India Report (SPIR)]]' since 2018. He is on the Steering Committee of the India Justice Report.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lokniti |url=https://www.lokniti.org/otherstudies/lokniti-csds-common-cause-status-of-policing-in-india-20 |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=lokniti.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Baruah |first=Amit |date=2023-04-10 |title=Understanding the Status of Policing in India Report 2023 {{!}} In Focus podcast |url=https://www.thehindu.com/podcast/understanding-the-status-of-policing-in-india-report-2023-in-focus-podcast/article66720350.ece |access-date=2024-07-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India Justice Report: Ranking states on police, judiciary, prisons and legal aid - Surveys and Reports |url=https://www.tatatrusts.org/insights/survey-reports/india-justice-report |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=Tata Trusts |language=en}}</ref><ref name="thewire.in">{{Cite web |title=Public Protests Are Vital to Disrupt the Status Quo That Led to George Floyd's Death |url=https://thewire.in/world/george-floyd-us-public-protests-status-quo-disrupt |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Under his directorship 'Common Cause' fought several public-interest court cases ([[Public interest litigation in India|PILs]]) such as the establishment of '[[Lokpal in India|Lokpal]]' in India, the PIL against large-scale political advertising with the misuse of public money (2014)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Modi Talks Big About 'Zero Corruption', But the Lokpal is Still Nowhere in Sight |url=https://thewire.in/politics/lokpal-modi-prashant-bhushan |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-21 |title=Why did Central Government appoint Lokpal? Because Supreme Court was breathing down its neck |url=https://www.barandbench.com/columns/lokpal-central-government-supreme-court |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=Bar and Bench – Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref> and the PIL for 'Living Will' or the Citizens' Right to Die with Dignity,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-03-09 |title=India allows 'living wills' for terminally ill |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-43341155 |publisher=BBC |access-date=2024-07-03 |language=en-GB}}</ref> the [[Indian coal allocation scam|coal scam case]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-14 |title=Kerala: Start-up plans to raise resources to improve RTE implementation |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/kerala-start-up-plans-to-raise-resources-to-improve-rte-implementation-2974868/ |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> and challenging the illegal appointments of the directors or [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] and [[Enforcement Directorate|ED]], among many other cases.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Invalid': Supreme Court on Govt's Extensions to ED Chief S.K. Mishra After Its 2021 Order |url=https://thewire.in/law/supreme-court-enforcement-directorate-sk-mishra-extensions-illegal |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Awstika |date=2023-07-11 |title=Supreme Court Invalidates Extensions Given For ED Director SK Mishra's Terms; Permits Him To Continue Till July 31 |url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-sc-enforcement-directorate-director-sanjay-kumar-mishra-central-vigilance-commission-amendment-act-232449 |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref> In 2024, under the leadership of Vipul, Common Cause also challenged the [[Electoral Bond Scheme|Electoral Bonds Scheme]] as a co-petitioner with [[Association for Democratic Reforms|the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR)]]. In February 2024, the Electoral Bond Scheme was declared unconstitutional by a Constitution Bench of the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-04 |title=ADR says it will oppose SBI plea on electoral bonds |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sbi-moves-supreme-court-seeking-extension-of-time-to-disclose-details-of-electoral-bonds/article67914093.ece |access-date=2024-07-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-10 |title=SC to hear petition challenging electoral bonds: What is the scheme and its criticisms? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/everyday-explainers/sc-petition-challenging-electoral-bonds-explained-criticism-8976353/ |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-14 |title=Kerala: Start-up plans to raise resources to improve RTE implementation |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/kerala-start-up-plans-to-raise-resources-to-improve-rte-implementation-2974868/ |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Commentaries and podcasts ==<br />
Mudgal’s writings on Punjab and Kashmir and also on police reforms have been quoted in international human rights reports like [[Human Rights Watch|the Human Rights Watch]],<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1991-08-01 |title=Punjab in Crisis |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/1991/08/01/punjab-crisis |journal=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref> the South Asia Terrorism Portal,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Counter Terrorism in the Indian Punjab: Assessing the 'Cat' System Prem Mahadevan |url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/publication/faultlines/volume18/Article2.htm |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=satp.org}}</ref> and various other publications in India and abroad.<br />
<br />
He has been writing for publications like [[Economic and Political Weekly|''Economic & Political Weekly'']],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vipul Mudgal |work=Economic and Political Weekly |url=https://www.epw.in/author/vipul-mudgal |access-date=2024-06-27}}</ref> ''[[Journal of Democracy]]'',<ref name="Author: Vipul Mudgal">{{Cite web |title=Author: Vipul Mudgal |url=https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/authors/vipul-mudgal/ |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=Journal of Democracy |language=en-US}}</ref> [[SAGE Journals]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mudgal |first=Vipul |date=June 2022 |title=Book review: Jinee Lokaneeta, The Truth Machines: Policing, Violence, and Scientific Interrogation in India |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/23210230221082826 |journal=Studies in Indian Politics |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=150–151 |doi=10.1177/23210230221082826 |issn=2321-0230|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ''[[Business Standard]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Read all News, Stories, Videos and Photos from Vipul Mudgal |url=https://www.business-standard.com/author/search/keyword/vipul-mudgal |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=Business Standard |language=en-US}}</ref> and ''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]'',<ref name="thewire.in" /> among many others.<br />
<br />
=== Podcasts ===<br />
<br />
* ''[[The Hindu]]'' have done podcast with him on the issues like [[Policing Authority|Policing]], Corruption and [[Surveillance]].<ref name="Baruah" /> <br />
* [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|Carnegie Endowment]], [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]], have also done a series of podcast 'Grand Tamasha' on India's Policing Challenges with him.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-26 |title=Grand Tamasha on Apple Podcasts |url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ee/podcast/grand-tamasha/id1453878698 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=Apple Podcasts |language=en-GB}}</ref> <br />
* On 20 February 2024, ''The Wire'' has done a Podcast with Vipul on the issue of Electoral Bonds.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3XvT6WrEOw |title="Foreign Powers Could Influence Indian Elections Via Electoral Bonds": Vipul Mudgal on SC Verdict |date=2024-02-20 |work=The Wire |access-date=2024-07-08 |via=YouTube}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Publications ==<br />
His major works are on the periphery of [[democratic process]], [[citizen rights]], communication and [[state violence]]. His book '<nowiki/>''Claiming India from Below: Citizen Activism and democratic Transformation'''<ref name=":2" /> deals with the multifaceted dynamics of Indian democracy, moving beyond electoral politics and formal government structures. It emphasizes citizen participation, extra-parliamentary power monitoring, and communication as essential components of democratic transformation. By examining case studies from various Indian states, the book sheds light on the broader context beyond institutions, advocating for a more inclusive and participatory democracy.<ref name="epw.in">{{Cite web |date=2018-10-17 |title=Adding Meaning to 'Democracy' |work=Economic and Political Weekly |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2018/42/book-reviews/adding-meaning-%E2%80%98democracy%E2%80%99.html |access-date=2024-08-08 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Additionally, it introduces the concept of “citizenship communication”. A review in the ''[[Economic and Political Weekly]]'' has commented that "Mudgal proposes “citizenship communication” as a new paradigm in the place of development communication that aided imperialist agendas. He emphasises that communication be recognised as a right, embodied in the form of the [[Right to Information Act, 2005|right to information (RTI)]], public hearings, and social audits, to ensure transparency and Accountability of Governance."<ref name="epw.in"/><br />
<br />
=== Editor ===<br />
<br />
* ''Claiming India from Below: Citizen Activism and democratic Transformation,'' 2016; Routledge (London), ISBN 9780815395843 <ref name=":2"/><br />
* ''Journalism, Democracy and Civil Society in India'' as part of Journalism Theory and Practice Series, 2017; Routledge (London) (Jointly with Prof Shakuntala Rao of State Univ. of NY), ISBN 9780367075781 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Journalism, Democracy and Civil Society in India |url=https://www.routledge.com/Journalism-Democracy-and-Civil-Society-in-India/Rao-Mudgal/p/book/9780367075781 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=Routledge & CRC Press |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Book chapters ===<br />
<br />
* "''New For Sale: Media Ethics and India’s Democratic Public Sphere''” in Rao and Wasserman; Media Justice in the Age of Globalization, 2015; Palgrave Macmillan(London), ISBN 978-1-137-49826-7 <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137498267 |title=Media Ethics and Justice in the Age of Globalization |date=2015 |language=en |doi=10.1057/9781137498267 |isbn=978-1-349-50520-3 |editor-last1=Rao |editor-last2=Wasserman |editor-first1=Shakuntala |editor-first2=Herman }}</ref><br />
* ''"Media, Markets &amp; Democracy: A Media Person’s Point of View,''” in B Dasgupta; Market, Media and Democracy, 2011; Progressive Publishers and IDS, Kolkata, ISBN 9788180642029<br />
* ''"Status of Policing in India reports: 2018 and 2019"'' in Sudhir Krishnaswamy, Renuka Sane, Ajay Shah and Varsha Aithala; Crime Victimisation in India, 2022; Springer Series on Asian Criminology and Criminal Justice Research, Springer, ISBN 9783031122507<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-12251-4 |title=Crime Victimisation in India |series=Springer Series on Asian Criminology and Criminal Justice Research |date=2022 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-12251-4|isbn=978-3-031-12250-7 }}</ref><br />
* ''“Networked Newsroom: An Insider’s View of Market, Media, and Democracy"'' in “Media, Democracy and Development” by Chatterjee M and Pandey US, (University Book House, 2018), ISBN 9788181984937<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Association for Democratic Reforms]] <br />
* [[Centre for the Study of Developing Societies|Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS)]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mudgal, Vipul}}<br />
[[Category:Indian journalists]]<br />
[[Category:Activist journalists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian civil rights activists]]<br />
[[Category:1960 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Leicester]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Institute of Mass Communication alumni]]</div>RenaldoParadishttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacob_of_Muttuchira&diff=505015Jacob of Muttuchira2025-06-05T10:23:50Z<p>RenaldoParadis: Starting Basic Details Basic Info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|16th century Saint Thomas Christian archdeacon}}<br />
{{Infobox Christian leader<br />
| type = Archdeacon<br />
|name = Jacob of Muttuchira<br />
|image= Ancient Rock Inscriptions from Muttuchira Syro Malabar Catholic Church.JPG<br />
|caption = Lithic inscriptions from the Church in Muttuchira<br />
|title= Archdeacon of All India of the [[Archdiocese of Angamaly]]<br />
|predecessor= Arkadeacon [[Givargis of Christ]]<br />
|successor= <br />
|appointed= by Metropolitan Simeon}}<br />
<br />
'''Jacob Pakalomattam''' (died 1596) was an [[Archdeacon]] of the [[Saint Thomas Christians|Saint Thomas Christian community]] in India in the years preceding the [[Synod of Diamper]] in 1599. He was a native of [[Muttuchira]] and belonged to the [[Pakalomattam family|Pakalomattam]] dynastic family. His activities were based in the [[Holy Ghost Forane church, Muttuchira|Church of Ruha d'Qudisha]] in Muttuchira.{{sfnp|Martin Thomas|2015}} He owed his staunch allegiance to the traditionalist [[List of patriarchs of the Church of the East|Eliah Patriarchate]] of the [[Church of the East]] and Metropolitan Mar Shemon, who was sent to India by Patriarch [[Eliya VI|Eliya VI Barmama]].<ref name="SRITE"/> He protested against the Latinising attempts of the [[Padroado|Portuguese ''Padroado'']] and resisted the [[Chaldean Catholic Church|Chaldean Catholic]] attempts of reconciliation led by [[Joseph Sulaqa]] and [[Abraham of Angamaly]]. Throughout his archdeaconate, he is known to have rebelled against the Chaldean Catholic archdeacons including [[Givargis of the Cross|Givargis of Cross]].<ref name=SRITE>{{cite web|url=http://www.srite.de/index?id=2&cikk=84|author=Istvan Perczel|author-link=Istvan Perczel|title=The Saint Thomas Christians in India from 52 to 1687 AD|website=www.srite.de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215032305/http://srite.de/index?id=2&cikk=84|archive-date=15 February 2009}}</ref>{{sfnp|Martin Thomas|2015}}{{sfnp|Perczel|2018}}<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
[[File:Rooha D Kudhisha Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane Church, Muttuchira.jpg|thumb|Church Ruha d'Qudisha, Muttuchira]]<br />
Archdeacon Jacob was born to the Nadackal line of Pakalomattam family in Muttuchira.{{sfnp|Martin Thomas|2015}}<ref name="SRITE"/> Traditionally it had been the privilege of the eldest priest belonging to Pakalomattam to be the Archdeacon of the Saint Thomas Christians.<ref name="SyriacWorld">{{cite book|author=István Perczel|author-link=István Perczel|title=Syriac Christianity in India|series=The Syriac World|editor=Daniel King|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e-GEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA653|isbn=9781317482116|publisher=Routledge|pages=653–697|year=2018}}</ref> The position of Archdeacon is the highest clerical rank in the Church of the East after a bishop.<ref name="SRITE"/> He is the head of all the clerics belonging to a diocese and he is incharge of the cathedral church and represents the will of the bishop in his absence.<ref name="SRITE"/> Since [[India (East Syriac ecclesiastical province)|India]] was an exterior province of the Church of the East and since the Patriarch reserved for himself the right to send Metropolitans to India, the effective ecclesiastical authority vested on the native Archdeacon.<ref name="SRITE"/> Archdeaconate was not just an ecclesiastical institution, but a socio-political and ethno-religious, princely authority, that represented the integrity of the Christian community of Hendo (India).<ref name="SRITE"/><br />
<br />
Following the [[schism of 1552]], by which a faction of the Church of the East entered into obedience to the [[Holy See]], both the Eliah Patriarchate ([[Assyrian Church of the East|Nestorian]]) and the Shemon Patriarchate ([[Chaldean Catholic Church|Chaldean Catholic]]) contested for the right to send bishops to India.<ref name="SRITE"/> Apparently, the first to send a prelate to India was the Nestorian Patriarch, [[Shemon VII Ishoyahb|Simeon VII Denkha]].<ref name="SRITE"/> The prelate whom he sent was Mar Abraham, who must have reached Malabar before 1556. At the same time, Patriarch [[Abdisho IV Maron]] (1555-1567) sent Mar Joseph Sulaqa to Malabar.<ref name="SyriacWorld"/><ref name="SRITE"/> However Mar Joseph could not reach Malabar before 1558. Alerted by the presence of Mar Abraham, the Portuguese ''Padroado'' allowed Mar Joseph to occupy the see as the Metropolitan of the East Syriac Christians. Later Mar Abraham was captured and forced to confess Catholic faith and was sent back to Mesopotamia by the Portuguese missionaries.<ref name="SRITE"/> Following this, the [[Goa Inquisition|Roman Catholic Inquisition]] also captured Mar Joseph and sent him to Lisbon from where he reached Rome to meet the pope.<ref name="SRITE"/> Mar Joseph returned to Malabar in 1564 but was again captured and deported to Rome by the Roman Catholic missionaries in 1567.<ref name="SRITE"/> Meanwhile, Mar Abraham was gone over to the Chaldean Catholic side and was consecrated as Catholic bishop and was sent to India with the approval of the pope.<ref name="SRITE"/> Since Mar Abraham had gone over to the Chaldaean Catholic side, the Nestorian Patriarch, [[Eliya VI|Mar Eliah VI]] (1576-1591), sent another bishop, Mar Simeon, to Malabar in 1576.<ref name="SRITE"/> Mar Simeon appointed Jacob of Muttuchira as his Archdeacon. Alarmed by the presence of the new bishop, the Portuguese missionaries allowed Mar Abraham to occupy the see.<ref name="SRITE"/> Mar Simeon was captured by Franciscan missionaries in 1584 and sent to Rome where his priestly orders were declared invalid and forced to remain until his death in 1559.{{sfnp|Martin Thomas|2015}} Although the missionaries were successful in this, the presence of the rebellious Archdeacon Jacob who according to them resisted all attempts of latinisations, forced them to let Mar Abraham to govern the Malabar Christians until his death in 1597.{{sfnp|Martin Thomas|2015}}<br />
<br />
Archdeacon Jacob maintained his authority and support among the native Christians even after Mar Simeon had been deported to Portugal.{{sfnp|Martin Thomas|2015}} He maintained constant touch with Mar Simeon through letters in which Mar Simeon was addressed as the Metropolitan of India.{{sfnp|Martin Thomas|2015}} He based his administration in Muttuchira and built the ''Prasu'' Church and rebuilt the older Church of Ruha D’ Qudisha.{{sfnp|Martin Thomas|2015}} He also built churches at [[Kothanalloor]], [[Elanji]], and other regions.{{sfnp|Martin Thomas|2015}} He refused to accept Mar Abraham, since numerous Latin innovations were already being interpolated into the Malabar rite under Mar Abraham's jurisdiction as prescribed by the Goan synods, in which Mar Abraham attended as instructed by the pope.<ref name=Pallath>{{cite book|last= Pallath|first=Paul|title=The Provincial Councils Of Goa|url=https://archive.org/details/TheProvincialCouncilsOfGoa|publisher=Oriental Institute of Religious India|location=Vadavathoor|year=2018}}</ref><ref name="SyriacWorld"/><ref name=:2013>{{cite book|first=István|last=Perczel|author-link=István Perczel|title=Some New Documents on the Struggle of the Saint Thomas Christians to Maintain the Chaldaean Rite and Jurisdiction|url=https://www.academia.edu/5266468|editor1=Peter Bruns|editor2=Heinz Otto Luthe|series=Orientalia Christiana|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|year=2013}}</ref> Archdeacon Jacob rejected the [[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian Calendar]] and taught his followers to recite the traditional [[Holy Qurbana|Chaldean raza]] without the Latin interpolations.<ref name="SRITE"/>{{sfnp|Martin Thomas|2015}} [[Alexis de Menezes|Dom Alexis de Menezes]], the [[Patriarchate of the East Indies|Archbishop of Goa]] and the mastermind of the [[Synod of Diamper]], wrote to him that Mar Simeon had been convicted and his orders were declared invalid by the pope in Rome, in attempt to force the archdeacon to submit to the Papal authority and even offered him large promises and favours in return.{{sfnp|Martin Thomas|2015}} But Archdeacon Jacob rejected Menezes' attempts and was finally [[Excommunication|excommunicated]] by Menezes.<ref name="SRITE"/><br />
<br />
Archdeacon Jacob died in 1596<ref name="SRITE" /> and was entombed in the old Ruha d'Qudisha Church (currently church of Saint Francis of Assisi) in Muttuchira.{{sfnp|Martin Thomas|2015}}<br />
<br />
==Lithic inscription at Muttuchira==<br />
[[File:Ancient Rock Inscriptions from Muttuchira Syro Malabar Catholic Church.JPG|thumb|Ancient Rock Inscription from Muttuchira Ruh d'Qudisha Church.]]<br />
Following is the English translation of the inscription on the granite plaque:<br />
<blockquote>By the command of the lord in AD 1528 Mar Thana [Mar Denha] and Mar Avu [ [[Jacob Abuna]] ] along with Giwargis Padre, installed this Holy Cross in this place. After this, Giwargis padre went to Portugal along with his nephew Mathai padre. In AD 1580, kanni 13 sunday, on the day of the feast of Holy Cross, this mar Sliva was erected covered in wood, by Bishop Mar Simon and Jacob [Archdeacon Jacob] Padre. Same year, on the day of 18th on the day of the feast, this bleeding Cross was installed. AD 1581 meenam month on the 29th friday good friday, this granite Cross was installed.<ref>{{cite journal|author=T K Joseph|editor=H Hosten|title=The saint Thomas Christians of Malabar (AD 1490- 1504)|journal=Kerla Society Papers |series=5 |page=253 note}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ayyar|first=A. S. Ramanatha|year=1930|title=Travancore Archaeological Series|journal=Travancore Archaeological Series|series=Part II|volume=VII|pages=75}}</ref></blockquote><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
{{Refbegin|2}}<br />
*{{cite journal|url=https://www.nasrani.net/muttuchira+church+sliva+lithic+inscriptions|first=Antony|last=Martin Thomas|title=MUTTUCHIRA SLIVA AND LITHIC INSCRIPTIONS- LANDMARK MONUMENTS OF SAINT THOMAS CHRISTIANS OF INDIA|journal=The Harp|volume=XXX|editor1-first=Jacob|editor1-last=Thekeparampil|editor2-first=Thomas|editor2-last=Koonammakkal|editor2-link=Thomas Koonammakkal|editor3-first=Baby|editor3-last=Varghese|editor3-link=Baby Varghese|year=2015}}<br />
*{{cite book|last= Perczel|first=István|author-link=István Perczel|title=Mar Shim'on and Archdeacon Jacob: Nestorian Resistance and the Contours of a Shared Culture (1577 - 1593)|series='Accommodationist Strategies on the Malabar Coast: Competition Or Complementarity?'; ''The Rites Controversies in the Early Modern World''; ''Studies in Christian Mission''|volume=53|editor1-last=Fabre|editor1-first=Pierre-Antoine|editor1-link=:fr:Pierre Antoine Fabre|editor2-last=Županov|editor2-first=Ines G.|editor2-link=Ines G. Županov|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/496245459/PerczelL-accomodatiom-malabar|doi=10.1163/9789004366299_010|isbn=9789004366299|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|location=[[Leiden]]|page=201|year=2018|oclc=1031917853}}<br />
{{Refend}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jacob Of Muttuchira}}<br />
[[Category:Archdeacons]]<br />
[[Category:Church of the East in India]]<br />
[[Category:1596 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br />
[[Category:16th-century Christian clergy]]<br />
[[Category:People from Kottayam district]]<br />
[[Category:Pakalomattam family]]<br />
[[Category:Christian clergy from Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Church of the East Christians]]</div>RenaldoParadis