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Ghanahatti

2026-05-07T09:26:47Z

Red apple learning: Started Some Pg Initial Version.

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}
{{Short description|Suburb and village in Shimla district, Himachal Pradesh}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ghanahatti
| native_name = '''घनाहट्टी'''
| settlement_type = Suburb
| image_skyline = Ghanahatti Panaroma 01.jpg
| image_caption = Panaromic views of Ghanahatti
| pushpin_map = India Himachal Pradesh#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Himachal Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|31.138185|77.086519|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Shimla district|Shimla]]
| elevation_m = 1,772
| elevation_ft = 5,813.7
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 171014
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Native
| demographics1_info2 = {{hlist|[[Mahasu Pahari|Mahasui]] ([[Keonthali dialect|Keonthali]])}}
}}

'''Ghanahatti''' is a suburb situated near [[Shimla]], capital of [[North India|North Indian]] state of [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shimla News: घणाहट्टी में अवैध पार्किंग से लोग हो रहे परेशान |url=https://www.amarujala.com/shimla/illegal-parking-in-ghanahatti-is-troubling-people-shimla-news-c-19-sml1002-711382-2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> It is now being developed as a satellite town to decongest Shimla city.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETInfra.com |title=HP govt notifies Draft Shimla Development Plan |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/construction/hp-govt-notifies-draft-shimla-development-plan/101230148 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=ETInfra.com |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
The parts of Ghanahatti came under former princely states of [[Keonthal]] and [[Dhami State|Dhami]]. It lies in [[Shimla district]], at the border of Shimla and [[Solan district]].

== Geography ==
Ghanahatti is a small suburb and village near Shimla city which comes under [[Totu, Shimla|Totu]] block. It lies in [[Deodar forests|Deodar]] and [[Pine]] forests. Ghanahatti is located on [[National Highway 205 (India)|NH-205]] and [[National Highway 103 (India)|NH-88]], which is currently being upgarded to four lane.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-08 |title=Ambitious Rs 10,000-cr Shimla-Mataur national highway project underway - Construction Week India |url=https://www.constructionweekonline.in/projects-tenders/ambitious-rs-10000-cr-shimla-mataur-national-highway-project-underway |access-date=2026-05-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Shimla]]
[[Category:Villages in Shimla district]]

Kadhalikka Neramillai (TV series)

2026-05-07T02:15:03Z

Red apple learning: creating the bio w/ sources

{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{About||the 2025 film|Kadhalikka Neramillai (2025 film)|the 1964 film|Kadhalikka Neramillai}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| native_name =
| alt_name =
| image = Kaadhalikka neramillai logo.jpg
| director = Raja
| caption =
| genre = Soap opera
| writer =
| starring = [[Chandra Lakshman]] [[Prajin]] [[Srinath (Tamil actor)|Srinath]]
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 155
| producer =
| company =
| theme_music_composer = C. K. Ganesh (Background Score)
| composer = [[Vijay Antony]] (Title Song)
| opentheme="Ennai Thedi Kadhal" [[Sangeetha Rajeshwaran]] (Vocal) Thenmozhi Das (Lyrics)
| music =
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = approx. 20-22 minutes per episode
| channel = [[STAR Vijay]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2007|11|26}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2008|8|21}}
}}
'''''Kadhalikka Neramillai''''' ({{Translation}} ''No Time to Love'') is a 2007 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Tamil television drama|drama]] television series starring [[Chandra Lakshman]], [[Prajin]] and [[Srinath (Tamil actor)|Srinath]] directed by Raja. It aired from 26 November 2007 to 21 August 2008 on [[STAR Vijay]] This serial has been re-telecasted on [[STAR Vijay]] Super from 6 January 2017.

== Synopsis ==
The story revolves around two professionals Shakthi and Divya, their life and their love.

== Cast ==
* [[Chandra Lakshman]] as Divya
* [[Prajin]] as Sakthi (Sakthivel)
* [[Srinath (Tamil actor)|Srinath]] as Sri
* [[Attakathi Dinesh]] as Santhanam
* [[Aadukalam Naren]] as Chandru (Divya's father)
* [[O. A. K. Sundar]] as Murugavel (Sakthi's father)

== Soundtrack ==
The title track of the series was composed by [[Vijay Antony]] with lyrics by Thenmozhi Das and sung by [[Sangeetha Rajeshwaran]]. The song was well reached among audience.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/kadhalikka-neramillai-to-kolangal-iconic-title-songs-of-popular-tamil-tv-serials/photostory/91091640.cms?picid=91092922|title=kadhalikka neramillai to kolangal iconic title songs of popular Tamil tv serials|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/actor-prajin-padmanabhan-gets-nostalgic-about-his-show-kadhalikka-neramillai/articleshow/70675068.cms|title=Actor Prajin Padmanabhan gets nostalgic about his show Kadhalikka Neramillai|date=14 August 2019|work= The Times of India}}</ref>

{{Infobox album
| name = Kadhalikka Neramillai
| type = Soundtrack
| artist =
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2007
| recorded = 2007
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|TV serial soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

{{track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Ennai Thedi Kadhal
|note1 =
| extra1 = [[Sangeetha Rajeshwaran]]
| music1 = [[Vijay Antony]]
| length1 = 4:46
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt12397682}}

[[Category:Star Vijay original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:2007 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:2008 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]

Adil Shah Palace

2026-05-06T20:30:16Z

Red apple learning: Added a post - done

{{Short description|Heritage building in Goa, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Adil Shah Palace
| image = Adil Shah Palace, Panaji 01.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt = 
| image_caption = Front of the Adil Shah Palace
| coordinates = {{coord|15.5007546|73.829868|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| architectural_style =
| address = [[Panjim]], Goa, India
| years_built = 1500s
| groundbreaking_date =
| construction_start_date =
| construction_stop_date =
| topped_out_date =
| completion_date = 
| opened_date =
| inauguration_date =
| relocated_date =
| renovation_date =
| closing_date =
| demolished_date =
| cost =
| owner =
| height =
| material =
| size =
| floor_count = 2
| floor_area =
| architect =
| architecture_firm =
| parking =
| public_transit =
| website = 
| references =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Adil Shah Palace''', also known as the '''Idalcao Palace''' or the '''Old Secretariat''', is a historic landmark located in [[Panaji]], [[Goa]]. It is the oldest surviving colonial-era building in the city.<ref name="TOI_OldestIcon">{{Cite news |last=Sayed |first=Nida |date=2024-11-23 |title=Panaji’s oldest icon, Adil Shah Palace, set to get makeover |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/panajis-oldest-icon-adil-shah-palace-set-to-get-makeover/articleshow/120628613.cms |access-date=2024-05-06 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Originally built as a summer palace for the ruler of the [[Adil Shahi dynasty]], it has served various administrative roles under Portuguese and Indian governance over five centuries.<ref name="TOI_PremierSeat">{{Cite news |last=Sayed |first=Nida |date=2017-12-17 |title=The story of Goa’s premier political seat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/the-story-of-goas-premier-political-seat/articleshow/62102323.cms |access-date=2024-05-06 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

==History==
===Pre-Colonial and Portuguese Era===
[[File:Adil Shah Palace, c. 1930s.png|thumb|Adil Shah Palace, c. 1930s]]
The palace was constructed around 1500 by [[Yusuf Adil Shah]] of the [[Bijapur Sultanate]] to serve as his summer residence.<ref name="TOI_Travel_Secretariat">{{Cite web |first=Abhijeet |last=Deshpande |date=Jun 2, 2016 |title=Secretariat Building |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/secretariat-building/articleshow/52500021.cms |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=Times of India Travel}}</ref> It was strategically fortified with numerous cannons to defend the mouth of the [[Mandovi River]].<ref name="GT_Ages">{{Cite web |first=Roxanne |last=D'Silva |date=12 May 2024 |title=Goa through the ages under one roof |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/goa-through-the-ages-under-one-roof |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=Gomantak Times}}</ref> In 1510, the [[Portuguese Empire]] captured the structure after defeating the Bijapur forces.<ref name="TOI_PremierSeat" />

Following the conquest, the Portuguese modified the building significantly around 1615.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McCulloch |first=Victoria |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Goa_with_Mumbai_Footprint_Focus_Guide/Hj_-AgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Idalcao+Palace&pg=PA55&printsec=frontcover |title=Goa (with Mumbai) Footprint Focus Guide |last2=Stott |first2=David |date=2013-10-30 |publisher=Footprint Travel Guides |isbn=978-1-909268-42-5 |page=55}}</ref> It initially served as a residence for the [[Portuguese India#The_Governors_and_Viceroys|Viceroys]] when they stayed in Panaji, which was then a small village.<ref name="TOI_Travel_Secretariat" /> In 1759, the residence of the Viceroy was officially shifted from [[Old Goa]] to this palace as the former capital suffered from epidemics.<ref name="GT_Preserve">{{Cite web |first=Abigail |last=Crasto |date=2024-02-10 |title=Preserve this piece of Goan heritage before it’s too late |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/opinion/preserve-this-piece-of-goan-heritage-before-its-too-late |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=Gomantak Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Lonely_Planet_Goa_Mumbai/u2enCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Idalcao+Palace&pg=PT145&printsec=frontcover |title=Lonely Planet Goa & Mumbai |last1=Harding |first1=Paul |last2=Blasi |first2=Abigail |last3=Holden |first3=Trent |last4=Stewart |first4=Iain |date=2015-09-01 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=978-1-74360-974-3 |page=145}}</ref> It continued to serve as the official seat of the Portuguese government in Goa until 1918, after which the governors moved to [[Cabo Raj Bhavan]].<ref name="TOI_PremierSeat" />

===Post-Liberation===
After the [[annexation of Goa]] by India in 1961, the building became the site of the first session of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]] in 1963.<ref name="GT_Ages" /> It functioned as the Goa State Secretariat and the legislative assembly until the early 21st century, when these offices were moved to a new complex in [[Porvorim]].<ref name="TOI_PremierSeat" /><ref name="TOI_Travel_Secretariat" />

==Architecture==
The building is a two-story structure characterized by its white-washed exterior and large windows. Its design reflects a blend of local and colonial architectural influences, though little remains of the original Adil Shahi "palace" aesthetic due to numerous Portuguese renovations.<ref name="GT_Ages" /><ref name="GT_Preserve" />

==Current status==
In recent years, the palace has been repurposed as a cultural center. It has hosted various exhibitions, including the [[Serendipity Arts Festival]], and housed the [[Goa State Museum]].<ref name="GT_Ages" /><ref name="TOI_OldestIcon" /> Plans for a major restoration project were initiated in 2024 to address structural issues such as roof leaks and timber decay, with the aim of preserving the site as a premier heritage landmark.<ref name="TOI_OldestIcon" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category inline}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Culture of Goa]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Panaji]]
[[Category:Adil Shahi dynasty]]

Maine Pyar Kiya

2026-05-06T10:42:47Z

Red apple learning: new new article

{{Short description|1989 film by Sooraj Barjatya}}
{{about|the 1989 film|the 2014 film|Maine Pyar Kiya (2014 film)|the 2025 film|Maine Pyar Kiya (2025 film)}}
{{good article}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Maine Pyar Kiya
| image = Maine Pyar Kiya.jpg
| caption = Promotional poster
| director = [[Sooraj Barjatya]]
| producer = [[Tarachand Barjatya]]
| writer = Sooraj Barjatya (dialogue)
| screenplay = Sooraj Barjatya
| story = S. M. Ahale
| starring = [[Salman Khan]] [[Bhagyashree]]
| music = [[Raamlaxman]]
| cinematography = Aravind Laad
| editing = Mukhtar Ahmed
| studio = [[Rajshri Productions]]
| distributor = Rajshri Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1989|12|29}}
| runtime = 192 minutes{{efn|name=exchange|It could also be 125 or 173 minutes, depending on the version.<ref>{{cite web |title=''Maine Pyar Kiya'' (1989) |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/maine-pyar-kiya-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0yody3ntc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826221713/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/maine-pyar-kiya-1990-0 |archive-date=26 August 2014 |access-date=26 August 2014 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref>}}<ref name="MPK 1989">{{cite web |title=Maine Pyaar Kiya |url=https://www.amazon.com/Maine-Pyaar-Kiya-Salman-Khan/dp/B07MFTKQN5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426120821/https://www.amazon.com/Maine-Pyaar-Kiya-Salman-Khan/dp/B07MFTKQN5 |archive-date=26 April 2019 |access-date=21 June 2021 |publisher=Amazon Prime Video}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|1 [[crore]]}}
| gross = {{INR|45 crore}}<ref name="boi89" />
}}

'''''Maine Pyar Kiya''''' ({{translation|'I've loved'}}), also known by the initialism '''''MPK''''', is a 1989 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Action film|action]] [[Romance flim|romance]] [[Romance film|flim]] directed by [[Sooraj Barjatya]] in his directorial debut. Produced by [[Tarachand Barjatya]], the film was co-written by S. M. Ahale, and Sooraj Barjatya, and distributed by [[Rajshri Productions]]. The film stars [[Salman Khan]] in his first lead role alongside [[Bhagyashree]] in her Big screen debut. It also features [[Alok Nath]], [[Mohnish Bahl]], [[Reema Lagoo]], [[Rajeev Verma]], [[Ajit Vachani]], and [[Laxmikant Berde]] in supporting roles. ''Maine Pyar Kiya'' tells the story of two individuals whose journey from friendship to love is complicated by family differences, ultimately challenging them to fight for their relationship.

Principal photography took place in [[Mumbai]] and various locations in [[Ooty]]. The film features a score and soundtrack composed by [[Raamlaxman]], while [[Asad Bhopali]] wrote the lyrics. ''Maine Pyar Kiya'' is considered to be one of Khan's most iconic and loved films, and it became a cult favorite because of its songs, dialogues, and chemistry between Khan and Bhagyashree. The film also established the careers of the supporting cast including Mohnish Bahl and Laxmikant Berde.

The film was released on 29 December 1989. Made on a budget of ₹20 million, the film emerged as a commercial blockbuster, grossing ₹458.1 million worldwide. It became the highest-grossing Bollywood film of the year and the highest-grossing Indian film of the 1980s. The film garnered positive reviews from critics upon its release, with the direction, the story, and the performances earning the most praise. Out of twelve nominations, ''Maine Pyar Kiya'' won six [[Filmfare Awards]]: [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]], and [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]. The film was also dubbed into in Spanish and released as ''Te Amo''.

== Plot ==
Karan is a poor mechanic who lives in the countryside with his only daughter Suman. He decides to try his luck in business and travel to [[Dubai]] so he can earn enough to get his daughter married. Karan decides to leave her with his old friend Kishan. Kishan, now a wealthy businessman in a big city, allows Suman to stay at his house while her father is away as he cannot turn down his old friend's request. Suman is befriended by Kishan's young son Prem, who assures her that a boy and a girl can be platonic friends. Prem takes Suman to a party organised by Seema, who is the only daughter of Kishan's business partner Ranjeet. Jeevan is a proud and arrogant nephew of Ranjeet, who humiliates Suman and Prem, accusing them of falsely claiming and pretending to be "just friends". Suman leaves the party in tears and distances herself from Prem. At that point, Prem and Suman realise they have fallen in love with each other.

Prem's mother Kaushalya probes deeper into Prem and Suman's relationship and approves of Suman as her daughter-in-law. However, Kishan disapproves of the relationship as he is of the opinion that Karan is of a lower status than he is and is further brainwashed by Ranjeet who claims that Suman has taken advantage of his hospitality and is feigning love for Prem to marry into his wealthy family. Kishan asks her to leave his house. Karan returns from abroad and gets enraged at Kishan's behaviour for mistreating his daughter. Kishan accuses him of plotting to set up Suman with Prem. Karan and Kishan quarrel and part ways. Eventually, Karan and Suman return to their village, deeply humiliated. Prem learns about what has transpired and refuses to accept the separation. He goes to the village and begs to be allowed to marry Suman.

Enraged by Kishan's behaviour, Karan initially refuses, but eventually says he will allow the marriage on one condition: Prem must prove that he can support his wife through his own effort and live separately. Prem accepts the challenge and begins to work as a truck driver and labourer in the nearby quarry. At the end of the month, Prem earns the required money. On the way to Karan's house, Prem is ambushed by Jeevan and a group of ruffians who attempt to kill him but survive. However, the currency notes of his wages are all ruined in the fight. Karan harshly dismisses Prem's effort on seeing the soiled notes and disbelieves Prem's story about the ruffians' attack. Prem then begs for another chance to prove himself, and his sincere determination melts Karan's heart, and agrees to allow Suman to marry Prem.

Meanwhile, Ranjeet goes to Kishan and tells him that Karan has killed his son. Unable to believe this, Kishan travels to Karan's village only to find Prem alive and well. When Prem confronts Jeevan, Ranjeet and his supporters manhandle both Kishan and Karan, while Jeevan abducts Suman. Prem, Karan, and Kishan join hands to defeat a common enemy — Ranjeet, Jeevan, and Ranjeet's supporters. Ranjeet's leg is broken in the fight and his supporters are arrested. Jeevan is chased to a cliff by Prem, where Suman hangs off a branch. After a fight with Jeevan, Prem attempts to lower himself down with a rope to save her, and Jeevan is attacked by a dove (the same one that he tried to kill earlier but was stopped by Suman), till he falls off the cliff. Suman and Prem climb up the cliff to safety. Jeevan, who is hanging on the branch, attempts to intervene, but instead is pecked in the face by the bird and falls to his death just as a mining bomb explodes. Karan and Kishan's estrangement comes to an end when Prem and Suman marry and live happily ever after.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
*[[Salman Khan]] as Prem Chaudhary: Suman's love-interest
*[[Bhagyashree]] as Suman: Prem's love-interest
*[[Alok Nath]] as Karan: Suman's father
*[[Rajeev Verma]] as Kishan Kumar Chaudhary: Prem's father
*[[Reema Lagoo]] as Kaushalya Chaudhary: Prem's mother and Kishan's wife
*[[Ajit Vachani]] as Ranjeet
*[[Mohnish Bahl]] as Jeevan: Ranjeet's nephew
*[[Laxmikant Berde]] as Manohar Singh
*[[Harish Patel]] as Rahim
*[[Huma Khan]] as Gulabiya
*Pervien Dastur as Seema: Ranjeet's daughter
*[[Dilip Joshi]] as Ramlal "Ramu" Singh
*[[Deep Dhillon]] as Lal
*[[Raju Shrivastava]] as Shambhu
*[[Shreechand Makhija]] as Prabhu
}}

== Production ==
=== Casting ===
The casting of the lead actor was complex.<ref name="production">{{Cite news|date=16 May 2011|title='Maine Pyaar Kiya': 22 years and counting|work=[[CNN-IBN]]|publisher=[[CNN]]|agency=[[Network18]]|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/blogs/sushantmehta/329/62413/maine-pyaar-kiya-22-years-and-counting.html|url-status=dead|access-date=19 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519100952/http://ibnlive.in.com/blogs/sushantmehta/329/62413/maine-pyaar-kiya-22-years-and-counting.html|archive-date=19 May 2011}}</ref> Several newcomers auditioned for the role of 'Prem', including [[Vindu Dara Singh]], [[Deepak Tijori]], and [[Faraaz Khan]]. While Faraaz Khan, son
of the actor Yusuf Khan who played the villainous Zabisco in ''[[Amar Akbar Anthony]]'' (1977), was almost finalised for the role, he was replaced at the last minute due to health issues.<ref name="Role">{{Cite news |date=29 December 2015 |title=26 years of Maine Pyar Kiya: 10 Hidden facts about Salman Khan's first blockbuster |work=India TV |agency=Independent News Services Private Ltd. |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/maine-pyar-kiya-unknown-facts-26050.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525135208/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/maine-pyar-kiya-unknown-facts-26050.html |archive-date=25 May 2021}}</ref> Barjatya tested Shabina Dutt for the lead actress role. Dutt failed the screen test and Barjatya asked if she could suggest an actor for the lead.<ref name=production /> She suggested [[Salman Khan]], with whom she had done an ad film. Salman Khan was not particularly interested because of the soft nature of the film and Barjatya was not very happy with Khan's first audition. Sooraj wasn't convinced by Salman's acting prowess and started looking for another actor to play the role. Khan too, started suggesting names for who could be Prem in the film, after he was told that he didn't fit the bill.<ref name="Lesser Facts" /> Barjatya eventually convinced him to do it, and Khan has since then expressed his gratitude to Barjatya for making him a star.<ref name="star">{{cite web |title=Salman Khan and Sooraj Barjatya in a conversation. |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9MShezEywWI |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821034932/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9MShezEywWI&rl=yes&feature=relmfu&client=mv-google&guid=&gl=US&hl=en&app=desktop |archive-date=21 August 2014 |access-date=25 August 2014 |website=[[YouTube]] | date=7 March 2014 }}</ref> Barjatya loved [[Tom Cruise]]'s ''[[Top Gun]]'' jacket so much that he designed one on the similar lines for Khan in ''Maine Pyar Kiya''. Like Tom Cruise's jacket, which had patches of logos and emblems of the [[American Army]], [[United States Army|Navy]] and [[United States Army|Air Force]] insignia, and other badges from the [[United States Armed Forces|defence forces]], Khan's jacket too had similar insignias pasted on it.<ref name="Insignia">{{Cite news |date=January 25, 2020 |title=Did you know that Salman Khan's iconic look in 'Maine Pyar Kiya' was inspired by Tom Cruise's character in 'Top Gun'? |work=Entertainment Times |publisher=The Times of India |agency=The Times Group |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/did-you-know/did-you-know-that-salman-khans-iconic-look-in-maine-pyar-kiya-was-inspired-by-tom-cruises-character-in-top-gun/articleshow/73068234.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |access-date=16 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622033054/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/did-you-know/did-you-know-that-salman-khans-iconic-look-in-maine-pyar-kiya-was-inspired-by-tom-cruises-character-in-top-gun/articleshow/73068234.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=22 June 2021}}</ref> Barjatya then cast [[Bhagyashree]] to star opposite Salman Khan.<ref name=production /> Bhagyashree, who had a lead role in Amol Palekar's TV show ''Kachchi Dhoop'', had refused to do the film as she wanted to pursue higher studies. Barjatya made several changes to the script; Bhagyashree eventually agreed to do the film.<ref>{{cite web|title="35 Years of Maine Pyar Kiya - Part One"|publisher=Kovid Gupta Films|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46op8t-qYhg&feature=youtu.be|date=2024|accessdate=29 December 2024|via=[[YouTube]]|archive-date=29 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229060613/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46op8t-qYhg&feature=youtu.be|url-status=live}}</ref> Though Salman recommended Bahl for the villain's role,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dubey |first=Bharti |date=2 January 2021 |title=#BigInterview! Mohnish Bahl: After six flops I thought I was finished and had decided to become a pilot |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/biginterview-mohnish-bahl-after-six-flops-i-thought-i-was-finished-and-hence-planned-to-become-a-pilot/articleshow/80068918.cms |url-status=live |access-date=3 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119190017/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/biginterview-mohnish-bahl-after-six-flops-i-thought-i-was-finished-and-hence-planned-to-become-a-pilot/articleshow/80068918.cms |archive-date=19 January 2021}}</ref> veteran actress and [[Mohnish Bahl]]'s mother [[Nutan]] was not happy with her son playing villain's role in the film. Nutan, who shared a good rapport with the Barjatyas, had reportedly also asked if Mohnish could fit in other roles.<ref name="Lesser Facts">{{Cite news |title=Maine Pyar Kiya: Lesser known facts |work=Entertainment Times |publisher=The Times of India |agency=The Times Group |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/maine-pyar-kiya-lesser-known-facts/maine-pyar-kiya-lesser-known-facts/photostory/45675007.cms |url-status=live |access-date=21 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622033050/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/maine-pyar-kiya-lesser-known-facts/photostory/45675007.cms |archive-date=22 June 2021}}</ref> Makers assured her that Bahl's character would be remembered for a long time to come.<ref name="Role" /> Barjatya picked Perveen from the English stage to play the negative role.<ref name=production /> The film also marked the debut of [[Laxmikant Berde]].<ref name="Berde">{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Unnati |date=16 December 2019 |title=Laxmikant Berde, Marathi superstar who was much beyond the characters he's remembered for |work=The Print |agency=Printline Media Pvt Ltd |url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/laxmikant-berde-marathi-superstar-who-was-much-beyond-the-characters-hes-remembered-for/334347/ |url-status=live |access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202011021/https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/laxmikant-berde-marathi-superstar-who-was-much-beyond-the-characters-hes-remembered-for/334347/ |archive-date=2 February 2020}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
Prior to the film's production, [[Rajshri Productions]] was struggling financially, and was on the verge of closing down.<ref name="Saved">{{cite web|last=Saini|first=Kanika|title=Maine Pyar Kiya Would Be A Flop If Made In 2021, Bhagyashree Reveals Why!|work=Latest Bollywood & Hollywood Entertainment, News, Celebrity Gossip, Lifestyle, Originals, Regional & COVID Updates | Lehren |date=30 March 2021 |url=https://lehren.com/entertainment/bollywood/maine-pyar-kiya-would-be-a-flop-if-made-in-2021-bhagyashree-reveals-why/79547/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330170709/https://lehren.com/entertainment/bollywood/maine-pyar-kiya-would-be-a-flop-if-made-in-2021-bhagyashree-reveals-why/79547/|archive-date=30 March 2021|access-date=16 June 2021|publisher=Lehren}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday1990">{{cite web|last=Jain|first=Madhu|date=15 May 1990|title=Sooraj Bhajatya's superhit film Maine Pyar Kiya saves Rajshri Productions|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19900515-sooraj-bhajatya-s-superhit-film-maine-pyar-kiya-saves-rajshri-productions-812575-1990-05-15|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207083756/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19900515-sooraj-bhajatya-s-superhit-film-maine-pyar-kiya-saves-rajshri-productions-812575-1990-05-15|archive-date=7 February 2019|access-date=29 May 2021|website=India Today}}</ref> Director/writer Sooraj Barjatya's father Rajkumar Barjatya suggested the story of ''Maine Pyar Kiya'' and His Father's Friend was Legendary filmmaker [[Tarun Majumdar]] suggested the script of ''Maine Pyar Kiya''. Barjatya spent ten months writing the screenplay for ''Maine Pyar Kiya''. The film had a production budget of {{INRConvert|2|c|year=1989|lk=c|mode=historical}}.<ref name="Budget" /> Bhagyashree got paid {{INRConvert|100000|year=1989|lk=r|mode=historical}} while Salman Khan was paid {{INRConvert|31000|year=1989|lk=r|mode=historical}} for the film.<ref name="Paid">{{Cite news|date=28 September 2017|title=Salman reveals the meagre amount he received as first salary for dancing at hotel|language=en|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/280917/salman-reveals-the-meagre-amount-he-received-as-first-salary-for-dancing-at-hotel.html|url-status=live|access-date=16 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116140127/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/280917/salman-reveals-the-meagre-amount-he-received-as-first-salary-for-dancing-at-hotel.html|archive-date=16 November 2017}}</ref> In addition to the production budget, another {{INRConvert|10|l|year=1989|lk=l|mode=historical}} was spent on the soundtrack's radio publicity.<ref name="indiatoday" /><ref name="production" /> The first sequence filmed was the office scene where Rajiv Verma tells Salman that he has to go.<ref name="production" /> Barjatya had large sets in [[Film City, Mumbai|Film City]], Mumbai, where filming took place continuously over 5 to 6 months. The outdoor scenes were filmed in [[Ooty]].<ref name="interview">{{Citation|title=EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW : Salman Khan & Sooraj Barjatya From Maine Pyar Kiya To Prem Ratan Dhan Payo| date=5 August 2014 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dq4akqgbRFE|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807012026/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dq4akqgbRFE|language=en|access-date=29 May 2021|archive-date=7 August 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Additional production credits include dance choreographer — Jay Borade, art—Bijon Das Gupta, action—Shamim Azim and editor—Mukhtar Ahmed.<ref name="units">{{cite web|title=Cast & Crew|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201788|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114404/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201788|archive-date=26 August 2014|access-date=19 August 2014|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|Maine Pyar Kiya (soundtrack)}}
The soundtrack album and musical score were composed by [[Raamlaxman]], while the lyrics were written by [[Dev Kohli]] and [[Asad Bhopali]]. It was produced under the [[Saregama]] label and featured singers such as [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Usha Mangeshkar]], [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]] and [[Sharda Sinha]]. The soundtrack consists of 11 songs including the "[[Antakshari]]" (excerpts from different Bollywood songs), which was used when the characters play a game. The soundtrack was very successful upon release, becoming the best-selling Bollywood soundtrack of the decade. Maine Pyaar Kiya became [[Saregama|His Master's Voice]]'s highest-seller album and created history by selling over 5 million cassettes and it is still reported to be selling more.<ref name="musical">{{cite web |title=Music Hits 1980–1989 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=283&catName=MTk4MC0xOTg5&PHPSESSID=108b9056cd4ca14236f9c6119d34dcce |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215081547/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=283&catName=MTk4MC0xOTg5&PHPSESSID=108b9056cd4ca14236f9c6119d34dcce |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=25 August 2014 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> The film's soundtrack album sold over 10{{nbsp}}million units, and became the best-selling soundtrack of the year and the decade (an accolade that it shares with the soundtrack of the 1989 film ''[[Chandni (1989 film)|Chandni]]'').<ref name="indiatoday">{{Cite news |date=30 November 1993 |title=Audio tape producers ride crest of Bollywoods music boom, composers become stars |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19931130-audio-tape-producers-ride-crest-of-bollywoods-music-boom-composers-become-stars-811853-1993-11-29 |url-status=live |access-date=4 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101062557/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/audio-tape-producers-ride-crest-of-bollywoods-music-boom-composers-become-stars/1/303415.html |archive-date=1 January 2018}}</ref> It gave a thrust to the career of Raamlaxman, who, although existed since the 1970s and was composing for mainstream movies, was yet to find popularity.<ref name="Composer">{{Cite news |last=Ajith Kumar |first=P.K. |date=May 22, 2021 |title=Raamlaxman (1942–2021): The composer behind some of Bollywood's biggest hits |work=The Hindu |agency=The Hindu Group |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/raamlaxman-1942-2021-the-composer-behind-some-of-bollywoods-biggest-hits/article34621347.ece |url-status=live |access-date=16 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523065009/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/raamlaxman-1942-2021-the-composer-behind-some-of-bollywoods-biggest-hits/article34621347.ece |archive-date=23 May 2021}}</ref>

== Release ==
''Maine Pyar Kiya'' premiered on 29 December 1989 across India. The film initially saw a very limited release, with only 29 prints, before later going on to add a thousand more as the film picked up.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 December 2010 |title=Barjatya explores a brave new world |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2220554071.html |url-status=dead |access-date=25 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921194747/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2220554071.html |archive-date=21 September 2014}}</ref> ''Maine Pyar Kiya'' was dubbed in English as ''When Love Calls''.<ref name="English">{{cite web |title=When Love Calls |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHByTBUsp6I |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420033854/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHByTBUsp6I |archive-date=20 April 2014 |access-date=24 August 2014 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A 125-minute version was the biggest hit in the Caribbean market in [[Guyana]] and also dominated the box-office collections in [[Trinidad and Tobago]].<ref name="Amo 125">{{cite web |title=Maine Pyar Kiya 1989 |url=http://www.rajshri.com/films/maine-pyar-kiya-1989/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212527/http://www.rajshri.com/films/maine-pyar-kiya-1989/ |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=16 June 2021 |publisher=Rajshri Films}}</ref><ref name="international">{{cite web |title=About Salman Khan |url=http://www.mtv.com/artists/salman-khan/biography/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115802/http://www.mtv.com/artists/salman-khan/biography/ |archive-date=26 August 2014 |access-date=24 August 2014 |website=[[MTV India]]}}</ref> The [[Telugu language|Telugu]] version ''Prema Paavuraalu'' ran for more than 200 days; 25 weeks at [[Visakhapatnam]] and had 100 plus day run at six centres in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name="topfilms">{{Cite news |title=Top films of Bollywood. |work=[[India Today]] |agency=[[India Today Group]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cinema/100-years-of-indian-cinema/photo/top-30-landmark-bollywood-films-367502-2012-04-24 |url-status=live |access-date=24 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818043208/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/gallery/top-30-landmark-bollywood-films/16/7008.html |archive-date=18 August 2016}}</ref> It was dubbed in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language as ''Kaadhal Oru Kavithai'' and in [[Malayalam]] as ''Ina Praavukal''. ''Maine Pyar Kiya'' had also been dubbed in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] as ''Te Amo''.<ref name="Dubbed">{{cite web |title= Rajshri Films – Maine Pyar Kiya (1989) |url=http://www.rajshri.com/films/maine-pyar-kiya-1989/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212527/http://www.rajshri.com/films/maine-pyar-kiya-1989/ |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=29 May 2021 |website=Rajshri}}</ref><ref name="Tamil Version">{{cite web |title=Maine Pyar Kiya in Tamil Part 1 | date=28 December 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=963mAe-ZUr4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622033107/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=963mAe-ZUr4 |archive-date=22 June 2021 |access-date=21 June 2021 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Box office ===
The film was the biggest grosser of 1989 and one of [[List of highest-grossing films in India|India's highest-grossing films]].<ref name="breakthrough">{{cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |title=Birthday Special: The Rise AND Rise Of Salman Khan |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-birthday-special-the-success-and-success-of-salman-khan/20121227.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231124751/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-birthday-special-the-success-and-success-of-salman-khan/20121227.htm |archive-date=31 December 2012 |access-date=27 December 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Made on a budget of around {{INR|link=yes}}1{{nbsp}}[[crore]],<ref name="Budget">{{Cite news |last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |date=7 July 2003 |title=Sooraj Barjatya: Bollywood's most profitable filmmaker steps out of the comfort zone |work=[[India Today]] |agency=[[India Today Group]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/20030707-sooraj-barjatya-bollywoods-most-profitable-filmmaker-steps-out-of-the-comfort-zone-792519-2003-07-06 |url-status=live |access-date=24 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233137/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sooraj-barjatya-bollywoods-most-profitable-filmmaker-steps-out-of-the-comfort-zone/1/206113.html |archive-date=2 December 2013}}</ref> it went on to earn a profit of over {{INR|20 crore}} by 1990,<ref name="indiatoday-may1990">{{Cite news |last=Jain |first=Madhu |date=15 May 1990 |title=Hindi cinema makes an emphatic return to romance |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19900515-young-love-fever-rages-amidst-increasing-violence-in-cinema-812582-1990-05-15 |access-date=6 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190206145000/http://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19900515-young-love-fever-rages-amidst-increasing-violence-in-cinema-812582-1990-05-15 |archive-date=6 February 2019}}</ref> saving Rajshri from closing down.<ref name="indiatoday1990" /> ''Maine Pyar Kiya'' grossed {{INR}}40{{nbsp}}crore<ref name="boi89">{{cite web |date=15 January 2013 |title=Box Office 1989 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=195&catName=MTk4OQ== |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115225557/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=195&catName=MTk4OQ== |archive-date=15 January 2013 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> ({{US$|{{#expr:280/16.226 round 0}} million|long=no}}),<ref>{{cite web |title=Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=1990&locations=IN&start=1989 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207072306/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=1990&locations=IN&start=1989 |archive-date=7 February 2019 |access-date=5 February 2019 |website=[[World Bank]]}}</ref> equivalent to {{INR|500 crore}} ({{US$|{{To USD|5000|IND|year=2017|round=yes}} million|long=no}}) adjusted for inflation in 2017.{{efn|name=Gross|1993 inflation rate of 17.83 times: ''[[Darr]]''{{'}}s domestic net of {{INR|107,375,000}} in 1993 equivalent to {{INR|1,914,360,020}} in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Darr |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3320 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019163411/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3320 |archive-date=19 October 2017 |access-date=5 February 2019 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>}} It became the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian film]] of the 1980s.<ref name="boi80s">{{cite web |title=Top Earners 1980–1989 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=125&catName=MTk4MC0xOTg5 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503222646/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=125&catName=MTk4MC0xOTg5 |archive-date=3 May 2012 |access-date=24 August 2014 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>

Overseas, the film was a huge hit in the [[Caribbean]], dominating the box office that year in [[Guyana]] and [[Trinidad and Tobago]]. The film also saw a ten-week run in [[Lima]], [[Peru]].<ref name="Overseas">{{Cite news |date=30 December 2019 |title=30 years of Maine Pyar Kiya: Bhagyashree thanks Salman Khan and fans for the love, check out 7 lesser known facts |work=Hindustan Times |agency=HT Media Ltd |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/30-years-of-maine-pyar-kiya-bhagyashree-thanks-salman-khan-and-fans-for-the-love-check-out-7-lesser-known-facts/story-ipEkkboIsfG79LOF7W2TEJ.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525143808/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/30-years-of-maine-pyar-kiya-bhagyashree-thanks-salman-khan-and-fans-for-the-love-check-out-7-lesser-known-facts/story-ipEkkboIsfG79LOF7W2TEJ.html |archive-date=25 May 2021}}</ref>

[[Box Office India]] described it as an "all-time blockbuster".<ref name="boi89" /> [[Manmohan Desai]] even calling ''Maine Pyar Kiya'' "the biggest hit since ''[[Alam Ara]]''" (1931).<ref name="indiatoday-may1990" /> In terms of ticket sales, ''Maine Pyar Kiya'' sold more than 50{{nbsp}}million tickets in India.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-08-26 |title=34 Years of Salman Khan: 34 Records set by Bhaijaan that makes him the biggest Sultan at the India box office 34 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/34-years-salman-khan-34-records-set-bhaijaan-makes-biggest-sultan-india-box-office/ |access-date=2023-08-15 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-date=15 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815213955/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/34-years-salman-khan-34-records-set-bhaijaan-makes-biggest-sultan-india-box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Critical response ===
''Maine Pyar Kiya'' received favorable reviews. ''Trade Guide'' lists it as one of the eight greatest hits ever. ''[[India Today]]'' summarized, "Music is one of the key ingredients of its success. The songs have melody; the feelings come through – a throwback to the '60s. Moreover, Sooraj uses the songs to take his story further. It is also that touch of innocence".<ref name="India Today MPK">{{Cite news |last=Jain |first=Madhu |date=May 15, 1990 |title=Sooraj Bhajatya's superhit film Maine Pyar Kiya saves Rajshri Productions |work=India Today |agency=Living Media |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19900515-sooraj-bhajatya-s-superhit-film-maine-pyar-kiya-saves-rajshri-productions-812575-1990-05-15 |url-status=live |access-date=18 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207083756/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19900515-sooraj-bhajatya-s-superhit-film-maine-pyar-kiya-saves-rajshri-productions-812575-1990-05-15 |archive-date=7 February 2019}}</ref> [[Sukanya Verma]] called, "Dil deewana appears first to celebrate Salman Khan and Bhagyashree's happily-ever-after aspirations in Maine Pyar Kiya and once again when standard rich versus poor conflicts threaten its realisation."<ref name="Verma MPK">{{Cite news |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |date=June 9, 2018 |title=On Bollywood's recurring song syndrome |work=The Hindu |agency=The Hindu Group |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sing-it-again-and-again/article24114815.ece |url-status=live |access-date=18 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611114752/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sing-it-again-and-again/article24114815.ece |archive-date=11 June 2020}}</ref> ''The Times of News'' wrote, "Sooraj Barjatiya's Maine Pyar Kiya is one such classic film of the 90s that made Salman Khan an overnight star".<ref name="TN MPK">{{Cite news |date=January 2, 2020 |title=Maine Pyar Kiya actor Bhagyashree would like to see these actors in the remake of her film |work=Time of News |url=https://india.timesofnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/maine-pyar-kiya-actor-bhagyashree-would-like-to-see-these-actors-in-the-remake-of-her-film.html |url-status=live |access-date=18 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622033128/https://india.timesofnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/maine-pyar-kiya-actor-bhagyashree-would-like-to-see-these-actors-in-the-remake-of-her-film.html |archive-date=22 June 2021}}</ref> ''[[Stardust (magazine)|Stardust]]'' said, "In the hands of a sincere director, the most hackneyed of commercial film plots can be made to look fresh and new. Unlike other young directors of his generation, Sooraj also knows the value of a good script and spends more time writing his script than in actual production."<ref name="Stardust">{{cite web |title=MAINE PYAR KIYA CLASSICS |url=http://www.stardust.co.in/display_Standard.asp?section=classics&subsection=&xml=December2004_classics_standard62 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318105449/http://www.stardust.co.in/display_Standard.asp?section=classics&subsection=&xml=December2004_classics_standard62 |archive-date=2005-03-18 |access-date=22 June 2021 |publisher=Stardust}}</ref>

=== Accolades ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" bgcolor="#B0C4DE"
!scope="col"| Award
!scope="col"| Category
!scope="col"| Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
!scope="col"| Result
!scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref(s)|References}}
|-
| rowspan="12" |[[35th Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| [[Rajshri Productions]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="12" |<ref name="won">{{Cite news |title=Filmfare Awards |work=The Times of India |agency=The Times Group |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/maine-pyar-kiya/movieawards/61237283.cms |url-status=live |access-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126145216/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/maine-pyar-kiya/movieawards/61237283.cms |archive-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Accolades">{{Cite news |title=Flashback Friday: Stills from Maine Pyar Kiya |work=Filmfare |url=https://www.filmfare.com/photos/flashback-friday-stills-from-maine-pyar-kiya-4737.html |url-status=live |access-date=26 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526151026/https://www.filmfare.com/photos/flashback-friday-stills-from-maine-pyar-kiya-4737.html |archive-date=26 May 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]]
| [[Salman Khan]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]
| [[Bhagyashree]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
| [[Raamlaxman]]
| {{won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
| [[Asad Bhopali]] for "Dil Deewana"
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] for "Dil Deewana"
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| [[Sooraj Barjatya]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| Salman Khan
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| Bhagyashree
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| [[Reema Lagoo]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Comedian]]
| [[Laxmikant Berde]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
| [[Dev Kohli]] for "Aate Jaate Hanste Gaate"
| {{nom}}
|}


== See also ==
{{Portal bar|Bollywood|Film|India}}
* [[List of highest-grossing Indian films]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.rajshri.com/films/maine-pyar-kiya-1989/ Official site] at [[Rajshri Productions]]
* {{IMDb title|0100095}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180521151358/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7acb2775 ''Maine Pyar Kiya''] at [[British Film Institute]]

{{Sooraj Barjatya}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestFilm 1991–2010}}

[[Category:1989 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1980s teen romance films]]
[[Category:1989 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1989 films]]
[[Category:1989 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films about birds]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sooraj Barjatya]]
[[Category:Films about pets]]
[[Category:Films scored by Raamlaxman]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian teen romance films]]
[[Category:Rajshri Productions films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ooty]]
[[Category:Films set in Dubai]]
[[Category:Indian musical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian family films]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hindi-language romance films]]

Chanakath House

2026-05-03T14:28:45Z

Red apple learning: Started The Details Initial Version

{{Multiple issues|{{Orphan|date=January 2026}}
{{more sources needed|date=January 2026}}
{{improve categories|date=January 2026}}}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Chanakath House
| native_name = ചണകത്ത് തറവാട്
| native_name_lang = ml
| alternate_names = Chanakath Tharavadu
| image = Chanakath House.jpg
| location = Adakkaputhur, Vellinezhi Panchayat, Palakkad district, Kerala, India
| architectural_style = Kerala vernacular architecture, Nair tharavadu
| material = Laterite stone, terracotta tiles, wood
| completion_date = c. 1888
}}

'''Chanakath House''' ({{langx|ml|ചണകത്ത് തറവാട്}}), also known as '''Chanakath Tharavadu''', is a heritage residential building located in [[Palakkad district]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]. The house is noted for its traditional [[Nair]]-style [[Kerala architecture]] and for serving as the model for a full-scale replica exhibited at the ''[[Little World Museum of Man]]'' in [[Inuyama, Aichi|Inuyama]], Japan.<ref name=":0">{{cite news
|title=Chanakath House – Kerala heritage home in Japan
|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2021/01/22/chanakathu-house.html
|work=Manorama Online
|date=22 January 2021
}}</ref>

== Location ==
The original Chanakath House is situated in Adakkaputhur village, within Vellinezhi Panchayat, Palakkad district, Kerala. It is located approximately 2 kilometres from Kalluvazhi Road, with the Dhanvantari Temple situated opposite the front of the house.<ref name=":1">{{cite news
|title=Palakkad's Chanakath House
|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/palakkad/2021/01/22/palakkad-chanakath-house.html
|work=Manorama Online
|date=22 January 2021
}}</ref> The surrounding landscape includes [[paddy field]]s, medicinal plants, and native birdlife, reflecting the traditional integration of domestic architecture with the natural environment in rural Kerala.

== History ==
Chanakath House is estimated to be over 138 years old.<ref name=":0" /> The house was originally constructed around 1888 by Ravunni Nair and functioned as a traditional ''[[tharavadu]]'' (ancestral home) under the [[Nair]] [[Marumakkathayam|matrilineal inheritance system]] (''thaivazhi'').

Ownership passed through the maternal line to Lakshmikutty Amma, and subsequently to Kunjilakshmi Amma. During Kunjilakshmi Amma’s ownership in the early 1980s, the house attracted international attention.<ref name=":1" />

In 1982, Takahashi, a Japanese engineer associated with the ''Little World Museum of Man'', selected Chanakath House as the model for a Kerala exhibit in Japan. He reportedly stayed at the house for approximately two years while studying its architectural features and supervising the documentation and reconstruction process for the museum replica.<ref name=":2">{{cite news
|title=Kerala village recreated in Japanese museum
|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/outside-kerala/2019/08/20/kerala-village-japan-museum-little-world-museum-of-man.html
|work=OnManorama
|date=20 August 2019
}}</ref>

In 2002, the property was purchased by Colonel Rajasekhara Menon of [[Chennai]]. He resided in the house for about 14 years, developed the surrounding land with medicinal plants, and renamed the house Vatsalayam.

Since 2016, Chanakath House has been owned by Dr. V. Harilal Nambiar, who has undertaken restoration and conservation efforts aimed at preserving the building’s original architectural character, including work related to the traditional well and water systems.

== Architecture ==
Chanakath Tharavadu follows the traditional [[Nālukettu]], which is one of [[Kerala vernacular architecture]] style, which was commonly used for ancestral homesteads ([[tharavad]]u) of [[Nair]] families in Kerala.<ref>{{Cite news |last=RoofandFloor |date=2017-07-14 |title=Heritage history: the Nalukettu houses of Kerala |url=https://www.thehindu.com/real-estate/heritage-history-the-nalukettu-houses-of-kerala/article19239576.ece |access-date=2026-01-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> A Nālukettu is typically a rectangular structure formed by four interconnected blocks arranged around a central open courtyard known as the Nadumuttam. The Nadumuttam serves as the functional and symbolic center of the house, providing natural light, ventilation, and space for domestic and ritual activities, often surrounded by verandas on all sides.

The four structural blocks surrounding the Nadumuttam are traditionally named based on their orientation: Vadakkini (north), Padinjattini (west), Kizhakkini (east), and Thekkini (south). Chanakath Tharavadu adheres to this spatial organization and is designed in accordance with principles of [[Vastu shastra|Vastu Shastra]], with kitchens located in the northeast and bedrooms in the southwest.

The house is constructed using [[Laterite|vettukallu]], laterite stones cut from laterite soil, a material commonly used in traditional Kerala architecture. These stones are bonded using traditional lime mortar and natural binders such as jaggery. Laterite has natural hardening properties that enhance durability and provide effective thermal insulation, helping maintain cooler indoor temperatures in the region’s tropical climate.

The roof is covered with odu, traditional baked red clay tiles, laid in a sloping design. This roofing style offers thermal resistance and provides effective protection against Kerala’s heavy monsoon rainfall. Structural elements such as pillars and door frames are made from hardwoods including teak and rosewood, contributing to the building’s longevity and structural stability.

== Cultural significance ==
Chanakath House is significant as a representative example of the Nair tharavadu system, illustrating Kerala’s historical matrilineal inheritance, domestic organisation, and architectural traditions. Its preservation has been cited in discussions on [[heritage conservation]] and traditional residential architecture in Kerala.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}}

== Replica in Japan ==
A full-scale replica of Chanakath House is displayed at the Little World Museum of Man, an anthropological museum and [[open-air museum]] located in [[Inuyama, Aichi|Inuyama]], Aichi Prefecture, Japan. The replica forms part of the museum’s India-themed village.<ref name=":3">{{cite web
|title=Kerala-style house in Japan museum
|url=https://thebetterindia.com/241871/kerala-viral-style-house-construction-traditional-furniture-village-museum-exhibit-ros174/
|website=The Better India
}}</ref>
[[File:KeralaHouse.jpg|thumb|Replica of Chanakath house in Japan]]

Key features of the replica include:<ref name=":0" />

* Construction during the 1980s under the supervision of Japanese engineer Takahashi <ref name=":1" />
* Use of architectural materials and design elements sourced from Kerala
* Recreation of interior spaces such as the verandah, courtyard, pooja room, and kitchen
* Inclusion of a Kerala-style tea shop, Malayalam signboards, and an Indian-style post office
* Presentation of traditional food items and household objects to contextualize daily life

== Media coverage ==
Chanakath House and its Japanese replica have been featured in Indian media outlets including ''Manorama Online'',<ref name=":0" /> ''OnManorama'',<ref name=":2" /> and ''The Better India''.<ref name=":3" />

== See also ==
* [[Kerala architecture]]
* [[Nair]]
* [[Tharavadu]]
* [[Little World Museum of Man]]
* [[Vernacular architecture of India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}

[[Category:Palakkad district]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kerala]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Palakkad district]]

Seán Lucy

2026-04-27T12:04:13Z

Red apple learning: made initial pg first draft

{{Short description|Irish poet and educator}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Irish English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Seán Lucy
| image = Irish poet and educator, Sean Lucy, circa 1975.jpg
| caption = Seán Lucy, {{circa|1975}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1931|03|12}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2001|07|25|1931|03|12}}
| death_cause =
| occupation = Poet, critic, educator
| language = English
| alma_mater = [[University College Cork]] (BA, MA)
| notable_works =
}}
'''Seán Lucy''' (12 March 1931 – 25 July 2001) was an Irish poet and educator.

==Biography==
Lucy was born in [[Bombay]], [[British India]] in 1931.<ref name="irishtimes">{{cite web |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/left-ucc-to-pursue-writing-career-1.323175 |title=Left UCC to pursue writing career |work=[[The Irish Times]] |date=18 August 2001 |accessdate=9 July 2018}}</ref> His father was an Irish officer in the [[British army]], who resigned his commission in 1935 to resettle the family in [[Ireland]]. Lucy was enrolled at [[Glenstal Abbey School]], and later attended [[University College Cork]], where he earned his bachelor's and master's degrees.<ref name="irishtimes"/>

In 1954, he moved to England, where he served two years as an education officer in the British army. He subsequently taught for four years at [[Prior Park College]] in Bath as a Senior English Master. During this time, he married Patricia Kennedy, his first wife, with whom he had five children.{{fact|date=November 2023}}

Lucy returned to Ireland in 1960 and joined the English faculty at [[University College Cork]] (UCC) in 1962,<ref>{{cite book |title=Contemporary Irish Poetry: An Anthology |url=https://archive.org/details/contemporaryiris00brad |url-access=registration |editor-first=Anthony |editor-last=Bradley |publisher=University of California Press |year=1980 |isbn=9780520033894 |page=[https://archive.org/details/contemporaryiris00brad/page/225 225]}}</ref> where he eventually became professor and department chair. The composer [[Sean O Riada]], who lectured in music at the university from 1963 to 1971, was a friend. During this time, he published his first major critical work, ''TS Eliot and The Idea of Tradition'' (1960).<ref name="irishtimes"/> He continued to write and edit critical works in English and Irish including ''Love Poems of the Irish'' (1967), as well as his own creative works in poetry. A collection, ''Unfinished Sequence and Other Poems'' was published in 1979. Also in 1979, he co-founded the University College Cork, Summer School for American students. During the 1980–81 academic year, he served as visiting professor in the English department at [[Loyola University Chicago]].<ref name="chicagosuntimes">{{cite web |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4611853.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710010308/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4611853.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 July 2018 |title=Sean Lucy, 70, Irish scholar, poet, professor |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |date=27 July 2001 |first=Julie |last=Patel |accessdate=9 July 2018 |via=[[HighBeam]]}}</ref>

Following his early retirement from UCC in 1986,<ref name="irishtimes"/> Lucy moved to Chicago and married his second wife, fellow poet, Susan Leah Lederman. During these years, he taught Irish Literature at Loyola University, the [[Newberry Library]] and the [[Irish American Heritage Center]]. He died of a heart attack in 2001 following a traffic accident.<ref name="chicagosuntimes"/>

Lucy was involved in bringing the poet [[John Montague (poet)|John Montague]] to the English Department at UCC,<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=Irish Examiner|website=irishexaminer.com| title=Painful childhood didn't dim the twinkle in John Montague's eyes |last = Frazier | first = Adrian | url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-20434775.html|access-date=20 June 2021 | quote = Upon the invitation of Professor Sean Lucy in 1972, John Montague had begun to teach at UCC }}</ref> and the poets and writers [[Greg Delanty]], [[William Wall (writer)|William Wall]], [[Theo Dorgan]], [[Seán Dunne (poet)|Sean Dunne]], [[Maurice Riordan]], [[Gerry Murphy (poet)|Gerry Murphy]] and [[Thomas McCarthy (poet)|Thomas McCarthy]] were students of Montague and Lucy at UCC in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/arid-30996571.html| publisher = Irish Examiner | website = irishexaminer.com | title = New book looks at Cork's golden generation of poets | last = Sheridan| first = Colette | date = 20 April 2020 | accessdate = 20 June 2021 | quote = Theo Dorgan, Gerry Murphy, Greg Delanty, Maurice Riordan the late Gregory O'Donoghue [..] All were students of John Montague and Sean {{sic|Lucey}} at the university [UCC] }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lucy, Sean}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:Irish poets]]

Natthi Singh

2026-04-24T20:46:25Z

Red apple learning: new new biography

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1929)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Natthi Singh
| office = [[Rajya Sabha|Member of the Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| birth_date = 28 December 1929
| birth_place = Usrani village, [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan]]
| term_start = 3 April 1974
| term_end = 2 April 1980
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Rajasthan|Rajasthan]]
| office1 = Cabinet Minister [[Government of Rajasthan]]
| term_start1 = 4 March 1990
| term_end1 = 15 November 1990
| office2 = Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| term_end2 = 1993
| term_start2 = 1962 - 1972, 1985
}}

'''Natthi Singh Sinsinwar''' (born 28 December 1929) is an Indian politician and farmer leader from [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=45 साल का इतिहास:पहला चुनाव 6 वोट से हारे थे नत्थी सिंह, 99 वोट से जीते अरुण सिंह, कई बार जीत का अंतर 500 से भी कम रहा |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/bharatpur/news/natthi-singh-lost-the-first-election-by-6-votes-arun-singh-won-by-99-votes-many-times-the-victory-margin-was-less-than-500-132191464.html |access-date=25 July 2024 |website=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref> He briefly served as cabinet minister in [[Government of Rajasthan]] and held the portfolio of Revenue, Forest, Indira Gandhi Canal Project Department, Land Reforms, as a member of the Janata Dal, in the coalition government of BJP and Janata Dal in Rajasthan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 1990 |title=Janata Dal withdraws support to Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Government in Rajasthan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19901115-janata-dal-withdraws-support-to-bhairon-singh-shekhawat-government-in-rajasthan-813254-1990-11-14 |access-date=2023-05-01 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He was a Member of Parliament in [[Rajya Sabha]] from April 1974 to April 1980 as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Digital Sansad |url=https://sansad.in/rs |access-date=2023-05-01 |website=Digital Sansad |language=en}}</ref> He was elected to the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] for four terms, 1962 to 1972 from [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan Assembly constituency|Bharatpur]] and from 1985 to 1993 from [[Deeg-Kumher Assembly constituency|Deeg Kumher]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan Assembly Election Results in 1962 |url=https://www.elections.in/rajasthan/assembly-constituencies/1962-election-results.html |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=Elections in India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan Assembly Election Results in 1967 |url=https://www.elections.in/rajasthan/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=Elections in India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan Assembly Election Results in 1985 |url=https://www.elections.in/rajasthan/assembly-constituencies/1985-election-results.html |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=Elections in India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan Assembly Election Results in 1990 |url=https://www.elections.in/rajasthan/assembly-constituencies/1990-election-results.html |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=Elections in India}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Singh was born in Usrani village, of Bharatpur district, in Rajasthan, in a Hindu Jat family, to Charan Singh and Janaki Devi. He earned an MA from Agra college, and an LLB. degree from Rajasthan University.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

Singh married Vidhyawati Devi, and they had 5 sons and 5 daughters. Nathi Singh's son Subhash Singh retired from [[National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India|NAFED]] as an Executive Director, and is currently active in local politics in the Deeg Kumher Constituency, Bharatpur focusing on regional developmental issues.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

== Law career ==
Singh enrolled with the [[Bar Council of India]], as an Advocate in 1953, and was a prominent lawyer in the fields of criminal and revenue law and also for cooperatives. He practiced law in Bharatpur District court and Rajasthan High Court.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

==Electoral record==
=== Rajasthan Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Constituency
!Vote Margin
!Party
|-
|1962<ref name="res14">{{Cite web |title=Bharatpur (Rajasthan) Assembly Elections Results 2014, Current MLA, Candidate List |url=https://www.elections.in/rajasthan/assembly-constituencies/bharatpur.html |access-date=2023-05-01 |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|Bharatpur
|2330
|Independent
|-
|1967<ref name=res14/>
|13917
|[[Samyukta Socialist Party|SSP]]
|-
|1985<ref name="res18">{{cite web |title=Deeg Kumher Elections Results 2018, Current MLA, Candidate List of Assembly Elections in Deeg Kumher, Rajasthan |url=https://www.elections.in/rajasthan/assembly-constituencies/deeg-kumher.html}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|Kumher
|19242
|LKD
|-
|1990<ref name=res18/>
|11581
|JD
|-
|}

=== Rajya Sabha ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Term
!State
!Party
|-
|1974-1980<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sansad.in/rs/members/biography/1243?from=search | title=Digital Sansad }}</ref>
|Rajasthan
|INC
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
*{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/rajasthan/assembly-constituencies/1962-election-results.html|title=Rajasthan Assembly Election Results in 1962|website=elections.in|access-date=3 March 2024}}
*{{cite web | last=Gupta | first=Shekhar | title=Election campaign fails to generate enthusiasm in Rajasthan | website=India Today | date=31 December 1984 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/19841231-election-campaign-fails-to-generate-enthusiasm-in-rajasthan-803520-1984-12-30 | access-date=3 March 2024}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Natthi}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:People from Bharatpur district]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 1967–1972]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 1985–1990]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 1990–1992]]
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Samyukta Socialist Party politicians]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Blue Line (Patna Metro)

2026-04-23T10:13:48Z

Red apple learning:

{{Infobox rail line
| color = {{rail color|Patna Metro|Blue}}
| name = [[File:Patna Metro en.svg|66px|link=Patna Metro]] Blue Line
| image =
| image_width = 325
| caption =
| type = [[Rapid transit]]
| system = [[Patna Metro]]
| status = 3 stations are operational
| locale = [[Patna]]
| start = [[Patna Junction metro station|Patna Junction]]
| end = [[Patliputra Bus Terminal metro station|Patliputra Bus Terminal]] (New ISBT)
| stations = 12
| daily_ridership =
| open = ''{{abbr|Phase 1|Bhootnath to Patliputra Bus Terminal}} - {{start date and age|6 October 2025|df=y}}''
| planopen = '''{{abbr|Phase 2|Patna Junction to Rajendra Nagar}} - {{start date and age|December 2027|df=y}} (TBC)''
| close =
| owner =
| operator = Patna Metro Rail Corporation Limited [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited]]
| character = Underground, and Elevated
| stock = [[Titagarh Firema]]
| linelength = '''Total:''' {{convert|14.564|km|mi|abbr=on}}, '''Priority Corridor:''' {{convert|6.107|km|mi|abbr=on}})
| tracklength =
| tracks = 2
| gauge = {{Track gauge|1,435mm|lk=on}} standard gauge
| electrification = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[overhead line|overhead catenary]]
| speed =
| elevation =
| map = {{Blue Line (Patna Metro)}}
| map_state = expanded
}}

The '''Blue Line''' of [[Patna Metro]] (also known as ''North – South Corridor or Corridor 2'') is a [[rapid transit]] line currently under construction in [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], India. The {{Cvt|14.56|km}} line connects [[Patna Junction railway station]] (central Patna) with [[Patliputra Inter-State Bus Terminal]] (New ISBT) on State Highway 1. The Blue Line is mostly underground, covering ({{Cvt|7.926|km}}), but it also includes a {{Cvt|6.638|km}} elevated section. There are 12 stations on the line.<ref name="jica" />

Blue Line will have two interchanges with the [[Red Line (Patna Metro)|Red Line]] at Patna Junction and Malahi Pakdi stations. The red line is under construction.

The entire line is planned to open in two phases. The first phase, known as the priority corridor, spans a total distance of 6.1 km stretch ([[Malahi Pakri metro station|Malahi Pakri]] - [[Patliputra Bus Terminal metro station|Patliputra Bus Terminal]]) (New ISBT), and was scheduled for initial commissioning, whereas the second phase, covering the remaining stretch of 8.45 km ([[Patna Junction metro station|Patna Junction]] - [[Rajendra Nagar metro station|Rajendra Nagar]]) is expected to be operational around ''December 2028''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burroughs |first=David |date=2023-03-30 |title=Jica provides loan for Patna metro project |url=https://www.railjournal.com/financial/jica-provides-loan-for-patna-metro-project/ |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=International Railway Journal |language=en-GB}}</ref> A 3.6 Km stretch of this corridor was opened to the public on 7 October 2025.<ref name="start"/>

Operations and maintenance are currently being handled by the [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]] (DMRC) under a minimum three-year arrangement.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Reporter |first1=Staff |title=Patna Metro to Get Rs 200 Crore Boost, Delhi Metro to Oversee Operations |url=https://patnapress.com/patna-metro-rs200cr-allocation-delhi-metro-operations/ |website=Patna Press |access-date=8 October 2025 |date=15 July 2025}}</ref>

==History==
The original DPR prepared by [[RITES]] had proposed a route from PMCH to New ISBT, passing through [[Premchand Rangashala]], [[Rajendra Nagar Terminal]], [[Nalanda Medical College and Hospital]] (NMCH), Kumhrar, [[Gandhi Setu]] to Zero Mile. However, Chief Minister [[Nitish Kumar]] later decided against this alignment, as it ran through the historically significant city of [[Patliputra]], encompassing heritage areas like [[Kumhrar]] and [[Patna City]]. The route was deemed unsuitable due to its potential impact on these sites.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-03 |title=…पटना में नहीं बनने दूंगा मेट्रो रेल परियोजना: नीतीश कुमार |url=https://www.jansatta.com/rajya/nitish-kumar-says-no-metro-in-patna-if-it-affects-city-historical-value/66050/ |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> Subsequently, when the [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]] (DMRC) prepared their DPR, the alignment was revised to pass through Moin-ul-Haq Stadium, Malahi Pakdi, Khemnichak, and Bhootnath Road.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-23 |title=Patna Metro: Tweak metro rail plan, says DMRC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/tweak-metro-rail-plan-says-dmrc/articleshow/72189717.cms |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

The foundation stone of the metro project was laid by the Prime Minister of India, [[Narendra Modi]], on 17 February 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |last=IANS |date=2019-02-17 |title=Modi lays foundation stone of Patna Metro Rail |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/hot-news/modi-lays-foundation-stone-of-patna-metro-rail |access-date=2025-07-05 |language=en}}</ref>

Progress on this line unfolded in key stages:
*Soil testing began on 1st November 2019 at Malahi Pakri.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-11-16 |title=Soil tests for Patna metro rail in full swing |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/soil-tests-for-metro-rail-in-full-swing/articleshow/72076698.cms |access-date=2025-07-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
*Groundwork commenced on 26th November 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-26 |title=Work Begins on Patna Metro's Phase 1 Project |url=https://themetrorailguy.com/2020/11/26/work-begins-on-patna-metros-phase-1-project/ |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=The Metro Rail Guy |language=en-US}}</ref>
*The first pier cap was cast on 28th April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rustagi |first=Abha |date=2022-04-29 |title=NCC Casts Patna Metro's First Pier Cap - Metro Rail News |url=https://metrorailnews.in/ncc-casts-patna-metros-first-pier-cap/ |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=metrorailnews.in |language=en-US}}</ref>
*On the occasion of India's Republic Day, the first Precast viaduct U-girder span was placed between two pillars, P-103 and P-104, near the proposed [[Bhootnath metro station|Bhoothnath Station]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-28 |title=Patna metro takes 1st step in elevated priority corridor plan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/patna-metro-takes-1st-step-in-elevated-priority-corridor-plan/articleshow/97390044.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-07-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2023-01-30 |journal=The Metro Rail Guy|title=NCC Launches Patna Metro Phase 1's 1st U-Girder in Bhootnath |url=https://themetrorailguy.com/2023/01/30/ncc-launches-patna-metro-phase-1s-1st-u-girder-in-bhootnath/ |language=en-US}}</ref>
*The first Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) completed tunneling at [[Moin-ul-Haq Stadium metro station|Moin-ul-Haque Stadium]] on 22nd July 2023, marking a significant milestone for the underground segment of the corridor.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-22 |title=TMB-1 completes its initial drive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/tmb-1-completes-its-initial-drive/articleshow/102029242.cms |access-date=2025-07-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
*⁠The first trial run of the Patna Metro was successfully conducted on 2 September 2025 between Patliputra Bus Terminal and Bhootnath Metro Stations.<ref>{{cite news |title=Patna Metro successfully completes first trial run; priority corridor between ISBT and Malahi Pakadi nears completion |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure/patna-metro-successfully-completes-first-trial-run-priority-corridor-between-isbt-and-malahi-pakadi-nears-completion/3966022/ |access-date=8 October 2025 |work=The Financial Express |date=3 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The final and crucial trial was held on 29 September 2025, ahead of public inauguration.<ref>{{cite news |title=Patna metro trial successful, safety inspection underway |url=https://www.bhaskarenglish.in/local/bihar/news/patna-metro-start-launch-date-safety-checkups-trial-successful-water-metro-ganga-river-136043066.html |access-date=8 October 2025 |publisher=bhaskarenglish.in/ |date=29 September 2025}}</ref>
*Three stations of this line were inaugurated on 6 October 2025 by Chief Minister [[Nitish Kumar]] and opened to the public on 7 October 2025. This event marked the official beginning of the Patna Metro.<ref name="start">{{cite news |title=Nitish to inaugurate first phase of Patna metro on Oct 6, to open for public from Oct 7 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/nitish-to-inaugurate-first-phase-of-patna-metro-on-oct-6-to-open-for-public-from-oct-7/articleshow/124320938.cms |access-date=8 October 2025 |work=The Times of India |date=5 October 2025}}</ref>

==Stations==
The line will have a total of 12 stations. The northern end of the line, which is underground, features seven underground stations, while the southern end, which is elevated, has five elevated stations.<ref name="jica">{{Cite report |url=https://www.jica.go.jp/Resource/english/our_work/social_environmental/id/asia/south/india/tn44q1000001209u-att/tn44q100000120ct.pdf |title=ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF DANAPUR MITHAPUR KHEMNICHAK AND PATNA STATION-NEW ISBT CORRIDORS OF PATNA METRO (UPDATED) |last=Japan |first=Japan International Cooperation Agency
|issue=pg 115 & 116 |access-date=2025-07-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |title=Boost to Public Transport and Connectivity in Patna |date=2019-02-13 |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1564350 |access-date=2025-07-04}}</ref>

===Interchanges===
Passenger interchange facilities for connections to other metro and railway lines will be available at the following stations:<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-08 |title=Patna Jn & Khemnichak to be interchange metro stns |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/patna-jn-khemnichak-to-be-interchange-metro-stns/articleshow/102518128.cms |access-date=2025-07-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
*[[Khemnichak metro station|Khemnichak]]: This station will offer interchange access to the Red Line, which will operate between [[Khemnichak metro station|Khemnichak]] and [[Danapur Cantonment]].
*[[Patna Junction metro station|Patna Junction]]: This station will also connect to the Red Line, offering transfer along the route from Khemnichak and Danapur Cantonment. Additionally, it will provide direct connectivity to [[Patna Junction railway station]] operated by [[Indian Railways]], ensuring easy access to long-distance and regional train services.

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" width="100%"
|-
! style="background:#{{rail color|Patna Metro|Blue}};" colspan="10" | {{White|Blue Line}}
|-
! rowspan="2" |#
! colspan="2" |Station Name
! rowspan="2" |Opening
! rowspan="2" |Interchange Connection
! rowspan="2" |Station Layout
! rowspan="2" |Platform Level Type*
|-
!English
!Hindi
|-
|1||{{stl|Patna Metro|Patna Junction}}||पटना जंक्शन|| ''Under Construction''
|{{ric|Indian Railways}} [[Patna Junction railway station|Patna Junction]] {{rcb|Patna Metro|Red|croute}} (''Under Construction'')
|Underground
|Island
|-
|2||{{stl|Patna Metro|Akashvani}}||आकाशवाणी|| ''Under Construction''
|None
|Underground
|Island
|-
|3||{{stl|Patna Metro|Gandhi Maidan}}||गांधी मैदान|| ''Under Construction''
|None
|Underground
|Island
|-
|4||{{stl|Patna Metro|PMCH}}||पीएमसीएच|| ''Under Construction''
|None
|Underground
|Island
|-
|5||{{stl|Patna Metro|Patna Science College}}||पटना साइंस कॉलेज|| ''Under Construction''
|None
|Underground
|Island
|-
|-
|6||{{stl|Patna Metro|Moin-ul-Haq Stadium}}||मोइन-उल-हक स्टेडियम|| ''Under Construction''
|None
|Underground
|Island
|-
|7 ||{{stl|Patna Metro|Rajendra Nagar}}||राजेंद्र नगर
|''Under Construction''
|{{ric|Indian Railways}} [[Rajendra Nagar Terminal railway station|Rajendra Nagar Terminal]]
|Underground
|Island
|-
|8 ||{{stl|Patna Metro|Malahi Pakri}}||मलाही पकरी
|''Under Construction''
|None
|Elevated
|Side
|-
|9 ||{{stl|Patna Metro|Khemnichak}}||खेमनीचक
|''Under Construction''
|{{rcb|Patna Metro|Red|croute}} (''Under Construction)''
|Elevated
|Side
|-
|10
|{{stl|Patna Metro|Bhootnath}}||भूतनाथ
|7 October 2025
|None
|Elevated
|Side
|-
|11 ||{{stl|Patna Metro|Zero Mile}}||ज़ीरो माइल
|7 October 2025
|None
|Elevated
|Side
|-
|12 ||{{stl|Patna Metro|Patliputra Bus Terminal}}||पाटलिपुत्र बस टर्मिनल|| 7 October 2025
|{{rint|bus}} [[Patliputra Inter-State Bus Terminal|Patliputra ISBT]]
|Elevated
|Side
|-
|}

* *To be confirmed

== Train info ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="background:#{{rail color|Patna Metro|Blue}};" colspan="5" |Blue Line
|-
!Rakes
|[[Titagarh Firema]]#
|-
!Train Length
| colspan="4" |3
|-
!Train Gauge
| colspan="4" |{{Track gauge|1,435mm|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
|-
!Electrification
| colspan="4" |25 kV, 50 Hz [[Alternating current|AC]] through [[overhead catenary]] OHE<ref name="SURVEY" />
|-
!Train's Maximum Operating Speed
| colspan="4" |80 km/h##
|-
!Train Operation
| colspan="4" |[[Patna Metro]]
|}
* # The rolling stock currently in operation is leased rather than owned.<ref>{{cite news |title=Patna Metro arrives month before Bihar elections, with 4.3-km priority corridor and 3 stations |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/360-degree-cameras-images-of-bihars-cultural-landmarks-what-new-patna-metro-flagged-by-nitish-kumar-will-feature-10290941/ |access-date=8 October 2025 |work=The Indian Express |date=7 October 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
* ## The system is designed for a speed of 90 Km/h. However, the maximum operating speed is limited to 80 Km/h in general section, 80 Km/h within underground stations, and 70 Km/h at elevated and at-grade stations.<ref name="SURVEY">{{cite web |title=Preparatory Survey on Patna Metro Rail Project Attachments |url=https://www.jica.go.jp/Resource/english/our_work/social_environmental/id/asia/south/india/tn44q1000001209u-att/fh2q4d000000rzyy.pdf |website=jica.go.jp |publisher=[[JICA]] |access-date=8 October 2025 |page=8}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Urban rail transit in India]]
* [[List of metro systems]]
* [[Delhi Metro]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Patna Metro}}
[[Category:Patna Metro]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 2025]]

Banihal Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:38:49Z

Red apple learning: Added a data

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Banihal
| mla = [[Sajad Shaheen]]
| party = [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| district = [[Ramban district|Ramban]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Udhampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udhampur]]
| established = 1967
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 55
}}

'''Banihal Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] a north state of [[India]]. Banihal is also part of [[Udhampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12211-delimitation-of-constituencies-in-jammu-kashmir-assamarunachal-pradesh-manipur-and-nagaland-notification-dated-06032020/ |title=Delimitation of Constituencies in Jammu-Kashmir, Assam,Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland - Notification dated 06.03.2020 - Delimitation - Election Commission of India |newspaper=eci.gov.in |accessdate=2021-06-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13193-delimitation-of-constituencies-in-jammu-kashmir-notification-dated-03032021/ |title=Delimitation of Constituencies in Jammu-Kashmir - Notification dated 03.03.2021 - Presidential Orders/ Delimitation Commission Orders |website=Election Commission of India |date= 3 March 2021 |accessdate= 2021-06-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Banihal Assembly Constituency|url=https://www.elections.in/jammu-and-kashmir/assembly-constituencies/banihal.html|access-date=2021-06-27|website=Elections.in}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || M. Akhtar || {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Hajra Begum || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || Molvi Abdul Rashid || {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || Abdul Rashid
|-
| [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || Molvi Abdul Rashid
|-
| [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || Mohammed Farooq Mir || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2002]] || Molvi Abdul Rashid
|-
| [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || rowspan=2 | [[Vikar Rasool Wani]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Sajad Shaheen]] || {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Banihal<ref name="Banihal Constituency Election Results 2024">{{cite news |title=Banihal Constituency Election Results 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/jammu-kashmir/constituency-show/banihal |accessdate=9 July 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=8 October 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709135951/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/jammu-kashmir/constituency-show/banihal |archivedate=9 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Election Commission of India|title=J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Banihal|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0855.htm|access-date=9 July 2025|date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709135949/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0855.htm|archive-date=9 July 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sajad Shaheen]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |votes=33,128 |percentage=36.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Imtiaz Ahmed Shan |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=27,018 |percentage=29.66% |change={{increase}}6.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Vikar Rasool Wani]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,458 |percentage=22.46% |change={{decrease}}8.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Saleem Bhat |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,285 |percentage=6.90% |change={{decrease}}10.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,631 |percentage=1.79% |change={{decrease}}2.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Munazar Ahmed Malik |party=Independent politician |votes=1,071 |percentage=1.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bashir Ahmed Shan |party=Independent politician |votes=837 |percentage=0.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mudassir Azmat |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=654 |percentage=0.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,110 |percentage=6.71% |change= {{decrease}}0.83 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=91,082 |percentage=72.23% |change= {{decrease}}1.14 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,26,096 |ref = |change= {{increase}}60.45 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}5.73 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Banihal<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 - Jammu & Kashmir - Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150235/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-date=2019-06-13 |access-date= |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Vikar Rasool Wani]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,671 |percentage=30.65% |change={{increase}}13.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bashir Ahmed Runyal |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=13,322 |percentage=23.10% |change={{increase}}18.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sajad Shaheen]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=13,002 |percentage=22.55% |change={{increase}}12.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Showket Javeed Daing |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=9,874 |percentage=17.12% |change={{increase}}10.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=2,405 |percentage=4.17% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sewa Singh Bali |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=733 |percentage=1.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Ali |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=656 |percentage=1.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,349 |percentage=7.54% |change= {{increase}}1.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=57,663 |percentage=73.37% |change= {{increase}}5.44 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 78,588 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.97 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}13.27 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Banihal<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225073739/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-date=25 December 2024|access-date=25 December 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Vikar Rasool Wani]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,287 |percentage=17.38% |change={{decrease}}0.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Showket Javeed Daing |party=Independent politician |votes=5,254 |percentage=11.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Molvi Abdul Rashid |party=Independent politician |votes=4,960 |percentage=10.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sajad Shaheen]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=4,558 |percentage=9.56% |change={{decrease}}10.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Imtiyaz Ahmed |party=Independent politician |votes=3,763 |percentage=7.89% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajiv |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,383 |percentage=7.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Farooq Mir |party=Independent politician |votes=2,741 |percentage=5.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash |party=Independent politician |votes=2,612 |percentage=5.48% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Saleem Bhat |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=2,160 |percentage=4.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bashir Ahmed Runyal |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=2,130 |percentage=4.47% |change={{increase}}1.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Farooq Ahmed Mir |party=Independent politician |votes=1,584 |percentage=3.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,033 |percentage=6.36% |change= {{decrease}}21.47 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=47,683 |percentage=67.94% |change= {{increase}}27.39 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 70,186 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.68 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}30.13 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Banihal<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192246/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Molvi Abdul Rashid |party=Independent politician |votes=11,393 |percentage=47.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Farooq Mir |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=4,719 |percentage=19.68% |change={{decrease}}13.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Ayub Khan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,289 |percentage=17.89% |change={{increase}}13.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Yousuf |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,012 |percentage=4.22% |change={{increase}}2.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Aziz |party=Independent politician |votes=767 |percentage=3.20% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bashir Ahmed Runyal |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=737 |percentage=3.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Peer Abdul Majeed |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=489 |percentage=2.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gazanfar Ali |party=Independent politician |votes=460 |percentage=1.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,674 |percentage=27.83% |change= {{increase}}14.38 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,980 |percentage=40.55% |change= {{decrease}}10.77 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 59,137 |ref = |change= {{increase}}29.70 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}0.82 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Banihal<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1996 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117084805/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Farooq Mir |party=Independent politician |votes=10,925 |percentage=46.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Molvi Abdul Rashid |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=7,778 |percentage=33.24% |change={{decrease}}24.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Aziz |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,084 |percentage=8.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hamidullah Khan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,104 |percentage=4.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Samad |party=Janata Dal |votes=527 |percentage=2.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Rashid |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=393 |percentage=1.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=313 |percentage=1.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Latif |party=Independent politician |votes=154 |percentage=0.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,147 |percentage=13.45% |change= {{decrease}}19.33 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,401 |percentage=52.26% |change= {{decrease}}10.68 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 45,595 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.39 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}11.23 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Banihal<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1987 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114084427/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Molvi Abdul Rashid |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=13,949 |percentage=57.92% |change={{decrease}}5.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Akhter Nizam |party=Independent politician |votes=6,056 |percentage=25.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Ahad Malik |party=Independent politician |votes=2,743 |percentage=11.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Ali |party=Independent politician |votes=698 |percentage=2.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Majid |party=Independent politician |votes=469 |percentage=1.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khadim Hussain |party=Janata Party |votes=168 |percentage=0.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,893 |percentage=32.77% |change= {{decrease}}2.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=24,083 |percentage=64.32% |change= {{decrease}}3.74 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 38,840 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.06 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}5.75 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Banihal<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117082124/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Rashid |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=15,046 |percentage=63.67% |change={{increase}}11.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sona Ullah |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,821 |percentage=28.87% |change={{increase}}6.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Samad |party=Independent politician |votes=1,246 |percentage=5.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Hameed |party=Independent politician |votes=328 |percentage=1.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Latif |party=Independent politician |votes=189 |percentage=0.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,225 |percentage=34.81% |change= {{increase}}5.84 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,630 |percentage=67.42% |change= {{increase}}15.10 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 35,942 |ref = |change= {{increase}}26.47 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{increase}}11.84 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Banihal<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Molvi Abdul Rashid |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=7,460 |percentage=51.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Modh. Akthar Nizami |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,290 |percentage=22.86% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanaullah |party=Janata Party |votes=2,279 |percentage=15.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Khaliq |party=Independent politician |votes=403 |percentage=2.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ahdullah Malik |party=Jamaat-e-Islami |votes=355 |percentage=2.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Rashid Mushtaq |party=Independent politician |votes=330 |percentage=2.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Des Raj |party=Independent politician |votes=162 |percentage=1.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Yassin |party=Independent politician |votes=114 |percentage=0.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,170 |percentage=28.97% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,393 |percentage=52.67% |change= {{increase}}50.65 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,419 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.99 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Banihal<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083027/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Hajra Begum |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,837 |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,837 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.07 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Banihal<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006052138/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Akhtar |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=7,570 |percentage=54.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Assadullah |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,391 |percentage=45.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,179 |percentage=8.44% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,961 |percentage=58.46% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 24,590 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[Banihal]]
* [[List of constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{coord|33.438|75.195|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Ramban district]]
[[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]

Sankeshwar Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:25:57Z

Red apple learning: made a pg added tags...

{{Short description|Former Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sankeshwar
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Belagavi district|Belagavi]]
| division = [[Belagavi division|Belagavi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Chikkodi Lok Sabha constituency|Chikkodi]]
| constituency_no = 203
| established = 1962
| reservation = None
| abolished = 2008
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| electors =
}}
'''Sankeshwar Assembly constituency''' was one of the constituencies in [[Karnataka]] state assembly in India until 2008 when it was made defunct. It was part of [[Chikkodi Lok Sabha constituency]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Champabai Piraji Bhogale || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || S. D. Kothawale
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Lalagouda Balagouda Patil
|-
| [[1974 elections in India#Karnataka|1974 By-election]] {{efn|Died on 03/04/1973}} || S. S. Patil || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}
|-
| [[1975 elections in India#Karnataka|1975 By-election]] {{efn|Died on 23/10/1974}} || B. S. Sarawadi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || rowspan="4" | Patil Malhargouda Shankargouda || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || rowspan="3" | Appayyagouda Basagouda Patil || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}
{{notelist}}

== Election results ==
=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sankeshwar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Appayyagouda Basagouda Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 52,036 |percentage = 54.42% |change = {{increase}}23.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajendra Malagouda Patil |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 35,828 |percentage = 37.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jeevanlatha Naduvinamani |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,292 |percentage = 3.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Irayya Sangayya Haldevaramath |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 2,009 |percentage = 2.10% |change = {{increase}}1.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahendra J. Mankale |party = Republican Party of India (A) |votes = 1,571 |percentage = 1.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kasar Harun Nabirasul |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 875 |percentage = 0.92% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,208 |percentage = 16.95% |change = {{decrease}}18.10 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 95,682 |percentage = 72.39% |change = {{decrease}}2.23 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 95,611}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 132,175 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.22 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Dal (United) |swing = {{decrease}}11.84 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sankeshwar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Appayyagouda Basagouda Patil |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 58,699 |percentage = 66.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Malhargouda Shankargouda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,650 |percentage = 31.21% |change = {{increase}}3.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mankale Mahendranand Jotirao |party = Bharatiya Republican Paksha |votes = 1,300 |percentage = 1.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jayasheel Appanna Potdar |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 936 |percentage = 1.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 31,049 |percentage = 35.05% |change = {{increase}}15.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 91,141 |percentage = 74.62% |change = {{decrease}}0.89 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 88,585}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,523 |percentage = 2.77% |change = {{increase}}0.61 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 122,134 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.15 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal (United) |loser = Janata Dal |swing = {{increase}}18.45 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sankeshwar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Appayyagouda Basagouda Patil |party = Janata Dal |votes = 39,885 |percentage = 47.81% |change = {{increase}}6.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nalawade Madhukar Dattatray |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,172 |percentage = 27.77% |change = {{decrease}}19.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Malhargouda Shankargouda Patil |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 16,048 |percentage = 19.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hedduri Dundappa Shivamurthy |party = Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |votes = 1,654 |percentage = 1.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maruti. B. Zirali |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,623 |percentage = 1.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,713 |percentage = 20.03% |change = {{increase}}14.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 85,272 |percentage = 75.51% |change = {{increase}}2.45 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 83,432}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,840 |percentage = 2.16% |change = {{decrease}}9.25 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 112,934 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.93 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}0.76 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sankeshwar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Malhargouda Shankargouda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 33,088 |percentage = 47.05% |change = {{decrease}}3.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Appayyagouda Basagouda Patil |party = Janata Dal |votes = 28,960 |percentage = 41.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shirakoli Shivanand Channabasappa |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 4,733 |percentage = 6.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. S. Yashavant |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,481 |percentage = 2.11% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Sidagouda Malagouda |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,468 |percentage = 2.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,128 |percentage = 5.87% |change = {{increase}}1.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 79,384 |percentage = 73.06% |change = {{increase}}1.37 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 70,329}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 9,055 |percentage = 11.41% |change = {{increase}}9.51 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 108,660 |ref = |change = {{increase}}22.32 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}3.60 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sankeshwar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Malhargouda Shankargouda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 31,643 |percentage = 50.65% |change = {{increase}}2.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Karaguppi Prabhakar Shivamallappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 28,627 |percentage = 45.82% |change = {{decrease}}1.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Appasaheb Raosaheb Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 785 |percentage = 1.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kasabekar Anant Arjun |party = Independent politician |votes = 595 |percentage = 0.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mathapati Shivayya Dundayya |party = Independent politician |votes = 458 |percentage = 0.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,016 |percentage = 4.83% |change = {{increase}}4.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 63,683 |percentage = 71.69% |change = {{decrease}}0.46 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 62,472}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,211 |percentage = 1.90% |change = {{decrease}}0.51 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,831 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.89 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}2.62 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sankeshwar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Malhargouda Shankargouda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,335 |percentage = 48.03% |change = {{increase}}44.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khot Lakmappa Kallappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 26,965 |percentage = 47.38% |change = {{increase}}7.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nesari Shivappa Murugappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,091 |percentage = 1.92% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ibrahim Papalal Mulla |party = Independent politician |votes = 386 |percentage = 0.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gizovani Baloppa Bheemappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 382 |percentage = 0.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 370 |percentage = 0.65% |change = {{decrease}}15.94 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 58,325 |percentage = 72.15% |change = {{decrease}}3.68 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 56,917}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,408 |percentage = 2.41% |change = {{decrease}}0.10 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,834 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.63 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}8.25 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sankeshwar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Malhargouda Shankargouda |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 31,839 |percentage = 56.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khot Lakhamappa Kallappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 22,452 |percentage = 39.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maldar. D. H |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 1,989 |percentage = 3.52% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,387 |percentage = 16.59% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 58,025 |percentage = 75.83% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 56,571}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,454 |percentage = 2.51% |change = }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,524 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 1975 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1975 elections in India#Karnataka|1975 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Sankeshwar <ref>{{cite web |url=https://kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/5assemblymemberslist.htm |title=Fifth Karnataka Legislative Assembly |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=kla.kar.nic.in |publisher=[[]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. S. Sarawadi |party = Indian National Congress |votes = |percentage = |change = }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 1974 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1974 elections in India#Karnataka|1974 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Sankeshwar <ref>{{cite web |url=https://kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/5assemblymemberslist.htm |title=Fifth Karnataka Legislative Assembly |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=kla.kar.nic.in |publisher=[[]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = S. Satagouda Patil |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = |percentage = |change = }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}55.23 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sankeshwar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Lalagouda Balagouda Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,756 |percentage = 55.23% |change = {{decrease}}4.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Satagouda Patil |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 19,253 |percentage = 44.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,503 |percentage = 10.47% |change = {{decrease}}31.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 44,503 |percentage = 73.32% |change = {{increase}}6.29 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 43,009}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 60,694 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.01 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}4.85 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sankeshwar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = S. D. Kothawale |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,828 |percentage = 60.08% |change = {{decrease}}0.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Y. Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,063 |percentage = 18.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. A. Shirkoli |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 3,915 |percentage = 11.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. S. Wali |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 3,194 |percentage = 9.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,765 |percentage = 41.71% |change = {{increase}}21.52 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 35,372 |percentage = 67.03% |change = {{increase}}10.52 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 33,000}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,774 |ref = |change = {{increase}}19.46 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}0.01 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sankeshwar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Champabai Piraji Bhogale |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,273 |percentage = 60.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Shankaranand |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 9,478 |percentage = 39.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,795 |percentage = 20.19% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 24,965 |percentage = 56.51% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 23,751}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 44,178 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}

{{Coord|16.257715|74.485123|region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Belagavi district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]

Katulpur Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:56:20Z

Red apple learning: creating the details basic info

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Katulpur
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Katulpur.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Katulpur Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Bankura district|Bankura]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bishnupur Lok Sabha constituency|Bishnupur]]
| constituency_no = 256
| established = 1957
| reservation = SC
| abolished =
| mla = [[Harakali Protiher]]{{efn|Harakali Protiher was elected as a BJP MLA. However, on 27 October 2023, he defected to the Trinamool Congress}}
| party = {{Party index link|Trinamool Congress}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Trinamool Congress}}+
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| electors = 189,915
}}

'''Katulpur Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Bankura district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, No. 256 Katulpur Assembly constituency (SC) is composed of the following: Deshra-koyalpara, Gopinathpur, Kotulpur, Lego, Mirzapur and Sihar [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Kotulpur (Community development block)|Kotulpur]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]]; Gelia, Jagannathpur, Kuchiakol, Maynapur,
Salda, Uttarbarh, Hetia, Routkhanda and Shyamnagar gram panchayats of [[Joypur, Bankura (Community development block)|Joypur]] community development block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |title=Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 |access-date=2011-04-03 |publisher=Government of West Bengal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |archive-date=18 September 2010 }}</ref>

Katulpur Assembly constituency is part of No. 37 [[Bishnupur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|rowspan="2"|Jagannath Kolay
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|S. Sarkar
|{{Full party name with color|Bangla Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Niranjan Bhadra
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|Jatadhari Mukhopadhyay
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Akshay Kumar Kolay
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan="2"|Gunadhar Choudhury
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes|rowspan=7}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|rowspan="3"|Gouripada Dutta
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|Manashi Ghose
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|Kalpana Koley
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|[[Saumitra Khan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|2014^
|rowspan="2"|[[Shyamal Santra]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|rowspan=2|[[Harakali Protiher]]{{efn|Harakali Protiher was elected as a BJP MLA. However, on 27 October 2023, he defected to the Trinamool Congress}}
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|}

* ^ by-election

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Katulpur}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =
|party = Left Front (West Bengal)
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Katulpur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Harakali Protiher]]{{efn|Harakali Protiher was elected as BJP MLA. However, on 27 October 2023 he defected to the Trinamool Congress.}}
|votes = 1,06,022
|percentage = 47.31
|change = {{increase}}37.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Sangeeta Malik
|votes = 94,237
|percentage = 42.05
|change = {{decrease}}6.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Akshay Santra
|votes = 17,757
|percentage = 7.92
|change = {{decrease}}30.58
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Haru Roy
|votes = 2,519
|percentage = 1.12
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = 1,856
|percentage = 0.83
|change = {{decrease}}0.89
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Mohan Santra
|votes = 1,732
|percentage = 0.77
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 11,785
|percentage = 5.26
|change = {{decrease}}5.27
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 2,24,123
|percentage = 90.82
|change = {{increase}}0.16
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Katulpur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Shyamal Santra]]
|votes = 98,901
|percentage = 49.03
|change = {{decrease}}3.61
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Akshay Santra
|votes = 77,653
|percentage = 38.50
|change = {{increase}}34.55
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Tarun Kumar Kotal
|votes = 19,255
|percentage = 9.55
|change = {{decrease}}2.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the Above]]
|votes = 3,470
|percentage = 1.72
|change = {{increase}}0.13
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 21,248
|percentage = 10.53
|change = {{decrease}}10.96
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 2,01,712
|percentage = 90.66
|change = {{decrease}}0.67
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014 by-election===
The bypoll was necessitated after sitting MLA of Congress [[Saumitra Khan]] switched to the [[Trinamool Congress]] & was elected as MP of Bishnupur Lok Sabha constituency.
{{Election box begin|title=[[2014 elections in India#West Bengal|West Bengal Legislative Assembly by-election, 2014]]: Katulpur<ref name=vidhansabha2011by>{{cite web| url = http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/current-affairs/mamata-banerjee-wins-assembly-bypoll_591641.html | title = Mamata Banerjee wins assembly bypoll | access-date = 28 September 2011 | publisher = PTI, 28 September 2011 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Shyamal Santra]]
|votes = 98,878
|percentage = 52.64
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Sital Kaibartya
|votes = 58,521
|percentage = 31.15
|change = {{decrease}}15.44
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Lakshmi Kanta Majumdar
|votes = 23,037
|percentage = 12.26
|change = {{increase}}8.75
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Akshay Santra
|votes = 7,419
|percentage = 3.95
|change = {{decrease}}43.45
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the Above]]
|votes = 3,043
|percentage = 1.59
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 40,357
|percentage = 21.49
|change = {{increase}}20.68
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,91,051
|percentage = 89.99
|change = {{decrease}}2.6
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Katulpur<ref name=election2011>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3195-west-bengal-2011/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 2011 |date=16 August 2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=6 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_5th_phase.pdf |title=West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work=Katulpur |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2011-05-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030706/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_5th_phase.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Saumitra Khan]]
|votes = 83,355
|percentage = 47.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Purnima Bagdi
|votes = 81,922
|percentage = 46.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Tarun Kumar Kotal
|votes = 6,180
|percentage = 3.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Mohan Santra
|votes = 4,389
|percentage = 2.50
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,433
|percentage = 0.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,75,846
|percentage = 92.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]], Kalpana Koley of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the Katulpur assembly seat defeating her nearest rival Aloka Sen Majumdar of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Manashi Ghose of CPI(M) defeated Sunil Das of Trinamool Congress in 2001. Gouripada Dutta of CPI(M) defeated Nikhil Bose of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1996, Akshay Kumar Koley of Congress in 1991, and Bablu Kolay of Congress in 1987. Gunadhar Choudhury of CPI(M) defeated Aksay Kumar Koley of Congress in 1982 and 1977.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp254.htm |title = 254 - Kotulpur Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2011-04-03 }}</ref>

===1957-1972===
Akshay Kumar Kolay of Congress won in 1972. Jatadhari Mukhopadhyay of CPI(M) won in 1971, Niranjan Bhadra of [[Bangla Congress]] won in 1969. S.Sarkar of Bangla Congress won in 1967. Jagannath Kolay of Congress won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]] and [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]]. Prior to that the Katulpur seat was not there.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/electionstatistics.asp |title=Statistical Reports of Assembly Elections |access-date=2011-04-03 |work=General Election Results and Statistics |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=2010-10-05 }}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Bankura topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Bankura district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in West Bengal]]

Ethiopia–India relations

2026-04-01T20:46:59Z

Red apple learning: Started A Info W/ Refs

{{Infobox bilateral relations|Ethiopia–India|India|Ethiopia|filetype=svg}}
[[File:PM in a bilateral meeting with the Prime Minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Mr. Ably Ahmed during the 15th BRICS Summit at Johannesburg, in South Africa on August 24, 2023.jpg|thumb|Ethiopian Prime Minister [[Abiy Ahmed|Ahmed]] with Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] at the [[15th BRICS summit]] in South Africa, 24 August 2023]]
'''Ethiopia–India relations''' have existed for almost two millennia. Modern [[diplomatic relations]] between [[India]] and [[Ethiopia]] were established at the level of legations in July 1948, after the [[Partition of India|independence of India]]. The relationship was raised to the ambassadorial level in 1952.<ref name="mfa.gov.et">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.et/BilateralMore.php?pg=18 |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs - MoFA |publisher=Mfa.gov.et |access-date=2013-02-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715023223/http://www.mfa.gov.et/BilateralMore.php?pg=18 |archive-date=2014-07-15 }}</ref> India maintains an [[embassy]] in [[Addis Ababa]] and Ethiopia in [[New Delhi]]. The two countries have enjoyed close and friendly relations with India supporting Ethiopian developmental efforts while Ethiopia has supported Indian interests such as its claim to a permanent seat on the [[United Nations Security Council]].<ref name="articles.timesofindia.indiatimes">{{cite news|title=Former Ethiopia PM Meles Zenawi helped extend India's footprint in Africa|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Former-Ethiopia-PM-Meles-Zenawi-helped-extend-Indias-footprint-in-Africa/articleshow/15605123.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502204525/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-22/india/33321909_1_india-africa-indian-companies-india-and-china|url-status=live|archive-date=May 2, 2013|access-date=17 January 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=August 22, 2012}}</ref> India and Ethiopia share a common understanding on such issues as cross-border international terrorism, the need and direction for reform of the United Nations, and the importance of action on climate change.<ref name="mfa.gov.et" />

== History ==
Trade and people-to-people contacts have existed between India and Ethiopia for almost two millennia, Hoard of [[Kushan Empire|Kushan period]] coins have been excavated from [[Debre Damo]], northern Ethiopia.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chittick|first=Neville|date=1980|title=Indian Relations with East Africa before the Arrival of the Portuguese|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25211124|journal=The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|volume=112 |issue=2|pages=117–127|doi=10.1017/S0035869X00136287 |jstor=25211124 |s2cid=162632260 |issn=0035-869X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Beginning at the time of the [[Axumite Empire]]. Indians traded in silk, spices, gold and ivory with the Ethiopians in the 6th century. Portuguese assistance to the King of Ethiopia in the 16th century saw the arrival of [[Goans|people from Goa]] in Ethiopia. British interventions in Ethiopia in 1868 to free European diplomats imprisoned by [[Tewodros II|Emperor Tewodros II]] under General [[Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala|Robert Napier]] and in 1941 that ended the Italian occupation both involved large contingents of Indian soldiers who fought as part of the British commanded forces.<ref name="ref202">{{cite web|title=India - Ethiopia Relations|url=http://202.131.117.199/MEAFinal/Portal/ForeignRelation/Ethiopia-February-2012.pdf|publisher=Ministry of External Affairs, India|access-date=17 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514073747/http://202.131.117.199/MEAFinal/Portal/ForeignRelation/Ethiopia-February-2012.pdf|archive-date=14 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Ethiopia has also been home to a sizable Indian diaspora consisting of traders and artisans who settled down there in the latter half of the nineteenth century. During [[Emperor Haile Selassie|Emperor Haile Selassie's]] reign a large number of Indian teachers went to Ethiopia which has led to the development of significant goodwill towards India among the Ethiopians.<ref name="ref202" /> The [[Siddi]] community on India's western coast are thought to be of Ethiopian descent.<ref name="thehindu">{{cite news|title=Manmohan invokes flour and power in pitch to Ethiopia|url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/siddharth-varadarajan/manmohan-invokes-flour-and-power-in-pitch-to-ethiopia/article2052007.ece|access-date=17 January 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=May 27, 2011}}</ref> The Ethiopian-born [[Malik Ambar]] ruled the Ahmadnagar Sultanate in the Deccan region of India in the 17th century and is a figure of veneration to the Siddis of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Maciszewski |first=Amelia |date=2005 |title=From Africa to India: Music of the Sidis and the Indian Ocean Diaspora (review) |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/15/article/181613 |journal=Asian Music |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=132–135 |doi=10.1353/amu.2005.0008 |s2cid=191611760 |issn=1553-5630|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Political ties ==
During the [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War|Italian invasion of Ethiopia]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] made a stirring call for solidarity with [[Ethiopian Empire|Abyssinia]], noting that "We in India can do nothing to help our brethren in distress in Ethiopia for we are also victims of [[imperialism]] but we stand with them today in their sorrow as we hope to stand together when better days come".<ref name="thehindu" /> Upon [[India's independence]] in 1947, it sent a goodwill mission to Ethiopia and diplomatic relations were established the following year. In 1950, the countries formalised their diplomatic ties and Sardar Sant Singh was appointed India's first Ambassador to Ethiopia.<ref name="capitalethiopia">{{cite news|title=New heights to Ethio-India relations|url=http://www.capitalethiopia.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=429:new-heights-to-ethio-india-relations&catid=37:interview&Itemid=61|access-date=17 January 2013|newspaper=Capital|date=30 January 2012}}</ref> The two countries have since exchanged several visits at the level of [[Head of state|Heads of State]] with Emperor Haile Selassie, [[Mengistu Haile Mariam|Col. Mengistu Haile Mariam]] and former [[Prime Minister of Ethiopia|Prime Minister]] [[Meles Zenawi]] paying state visits to India. [[President of India|Presidents]] [[S. Radhakrishnan]] and [[V V Giri]], [[Vice President of India|Vice President]] [[Zakir Husain]] and former [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Manmohan Singh]] have led Indian [[state visit]]s to Ethiopia.<ref name="ref202" />

Ethiopia's ties with India were especially strong under Prime Minister Meles Zenawi who was supportive of India seeing India's growth as beneficial to Ethiopia's own economic growth.<ref name="articles.timesofindia.indiatimes" /><ref name="thehindu_a">{{cite news|title=Come and farm our virgin lands, Ethiopia tells India|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2048964.ece|access-date=17 January 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=May 26, 2011}}</ref> Ethiopia's former Prime Minister [[Hailemariam Desalegn]] and the country's first lady have both been educated in India.<ref name="articles.timesofindia.indiatimes" />
The second [[India–Africa Forum Summit|India-Africa Forum Summit]] was held at Addis Ababa in May 2011 which was attended by as many as 15 Heads of States of various African nations. This was also the first time India was hosting such an event abroad.<ref>{{cite news|title=Manmohan aims to rescript India's relations with Africa|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/qOkLxBOQjiJHwpTLumNzTI/Manmohan-aims-to-rescript-India8217s-relations-with-Afric.html|access-date=17 January 2013|newspaper=HT Mint|date=May 22, 2011}}</ref>

== Economic relations ==
[[File:Embassy of India, Addis Ababa.jpg|thumb|right|Embassy of India in Addis Ababa]]
=== Bilateral trade and investment ===
India's Exports to Ethiopia were US$723.45 Million in 2021, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Trade between the two countries amounted to $660 million in 2011-'12 and was expected to reach $1 billion by 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=India-Ethiopia relations second to none|url=http://www.indiaafricaconnect.in/index.php?param=news/4478/africa-in-india/118|access-date=17 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520084229/http://www.indiaafricaconnect.in/index.php?param=news%2F4478%2Fafrica-in-india%2F118|archive-date=20 May 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Indian exports to Ethiopia consists of drugs and [[Pharmaceutical industry in India|pharmaceuticals]], [[steel]], [[machinery]], food items, plastic and [[linoleum]] products, [[paper]], [[textiles]], chemicals, transport equipment and steel. India's imports from Ethiopia include [[Rawhide (material)|raw hides]] and skins, [[pulses]], [[oil seeds]], [[spices]], [[leather]] and [[scrap metal]].<ref>{{cite web|title=India-Ethiopia Commercial Bilateral Relations|url=http://www.indianembassy.gov.et/?q=commercial|publisher=The Embassy of India Addis Ababa, Ethiopia|access-date=17 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316141545/http://www.indianembassy.gov.et/?q=commercial|archive-date=16 March 2013}}</ref>

India is Ethiopia's second largest source of [[Foreign Direct Investments]] with investments amounting to $5 billion. Indian investments in Ethiopia are expected to be worth $10 billion by 2015 with India approving investments worth $4.78 billion in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=Orderly transition in Ethiopia, business ties with India to grow : Envoy|url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/orderly-transition-ethiopia-business-ties-india-grow-envoy-032817854--finance.html|access-date=17 January 2013|newspaper=Yahoo News|date=30 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=India approves $4.78 bn investment in Ethiopia|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/india-approves--4.78-bn-investment-in-ethiopia/794012|access-date=17 January 2013|newspaper=Indian Express|date=May 22, 2011}}</ref>

=== Economic cooperation ===
India and Ethiopia signed a Bilateral Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement in 2007 and a [[Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement]] in 2011 to promote mutual trade and investments.<ref>{{cite news|title=India, Ethiopia to sign BIPPA on Thursday|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/international-business/India-Ethiopia-to-sign-BIPPA-on-Thursday/articleshow/2175233.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502172757/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-07-04/international-business/27952251_1_bippa-seyoum-mesfin-addis-ababa|url-status=live|archive-date=May 2, 2013|access-date=17 January 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=July 4, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=India signs pact with Ethiopia to avoid double taxation|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/india-signs-pact-with-ethiopia-to-avoid-double-taxation/article2054911.ece|access-date=17 January 2013|newspaper=The Hindu Businessline|date=27 May 2011}}</ref>
At the Second India Africa Forum Summit, the then Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh announced a $300 million [[line of credit]] to help revive the [[Addis Ababa - Djibouti Railway|Ethiopia-Djibouti rail route]].<ref name="thehindu_a" /> This project however went to Chinese construction companies following delays on the Indian side in sanctioning the funds.<ref>{{cite news|title=India's complacency leads to Chinese takeover of huge Ethiopian rail project|url=http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/montymunford1/100044214/india%E2%80%99s-complacency-leads-to-chinese-takeover-of-huge-ethiopian-rail-project/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100625013457/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/montymunford1/100044214/india%E2%80%99s-complacency-leads-to-chinese-takeover-of-huge-ethiopian-rail-project/|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 25, 2010|access-date=17 January 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=June 21, 2010}}</ref> The [[Duty Free Tariff Preference]] scheme that was announced at the summit allowing for imports from Least developed Countries into India has however had a positive impact on bilateral trade with the value of Ethiopian exports to India now reaching $120 million. The [[balance of trade]] however remains in India's favour.<ref name="capitalethiopia" /> India has also extended $710 million in lines of credit to help in rural electrification and the revival of the sugar industry in Ethiopia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ethiopia seeks investments from India|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/economy/article2845322.ece|access-date=17 January 2013|newspaper=The Hindu Businessline|date=30 January 2012}}</ref>

== Technical cooperation ==
India has agreed to cooperate with Ethiopia in the agricultural sector for the development of the meat and [[Dairying|dairy sectors]].<ref>{{cite news|title=India, Ethiopia to work closely on agri research|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/agri-biz/india-ethiopia-to-work-closely-on-agri-research/article2714165.ece|access-date=17 January 2013|newspaper=Hindu Businessline|date=14 December 2011}}</ref> To build human resource capacity, India trains Ethiopian diplomats and trade negotiators under its [[Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme]].<ref name="thehindu_a" /> The [[Indian Army]] is involved in training and developing a manual for the [[Ethiopian Army]].<ref name="articles.timesofindia.indiatimes" /> The [[Pan-African e-Network project]] that India has undertaken to link African nations with each other and to India was launched on a pilot basis first in Ethiopia in 2007.<ref>{{cite news|title=Africa: Pan African e- Network: a model of "South- South cooperation"|url=http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/media/55920|access-date=17 January 2013|newspaper=Pambazuka News|date=24 April 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714220207/http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/media/55920|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Foreign relations of India}}
{{Foreign relations of Ethiopia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ethiopia-India relations}}
[[Category:Ethiopia–India relations| ]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of India]]
[[Category:India–Africa relations]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Ethiopia|India]]

Guru En Aalu

2026-03-27T17:02:01Z

Red apple learning:

{{short description|2009 film directed by Selva}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Guru En Aalu.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Selva (director)|Selvaa]]
| writer = L. Venkatesan Neenu (dialogues)
| story = [[Aziz Mirza]]
| based_on = ''[[Yes Boss (film)|Yes Boss]]'' (Hindi)
| starring = [[R. Madhavan|Madhavan]] [[Abbas (actor)|Abbas]] [[Mamta Mohandas]] [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] [[Brinda Parekh]]
| producer = [[K. R. Gangadharan]]
| music = [[Srikanth Deva]]
| cinematography = [[U. K. Senthil Kumar]]
| editing = [[V. T. Vijayan]]
| distributor = [[K. R. Gangadharan|KRG Movies International]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2009|04|24|ref1=}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Guru En Aalu''''' ({{translation|''Guru is My Man''}}) is a 2009 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by [[Selvaa (director)|Selvaa]] and produced by [[K. R. Gangadharan]]. The film stars [[R. Madhavan|Madhavan]], [[Abbas (actor)|Abbas]] and [[Mamta Mohandas]] in the lead roles, while [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] and [[Brinda Parekh]] portray supporting roles. It is a remake of the 1997 [[Hindi]] film ''[[Yes Boss (film)|Yes Boss]]''. The music was composed by [[Srikanth Deva]] with cinematography by [[U. K. Senthil Kumar]] and editing by [[V. T. Vijayan]]. The film began production in 2008 and released on 24 April 2009.

==Plot==
Guru is the ambitious assistant of his playboy boss Krishna, who is the CEO of a big chain of companies. Krishna is a charismatic and successful businessman who in spite of being married to Sheila, a beautiful woman, has affairs with numerous women and relies on Guru to keep up his image of a doting husband. Guru is promised by Krishna to make him as the head of one of his companies. Guru is loggerheads with Seema, a beautiful woman he encounters during a road traffic. The duo later become friends. Guru goes along in the hope of being promoted. His goal is to become a rich man against all odds. Azhagappan is a fraudulent Yoga master, who earns money in the name of Yoga. Guru tries to maintain Krishna's image during Krishna and Seema's anniversary while Krishna is busy with his one night stand with another woman. After seeing the model Seema at a fashion show, Krishna instantly is smitten by her and requests Guru to arrange opportunities to meet with her leaving Guru fuming for he had also fallen in love with Seema. Seema later receives an award as the best ramp model from Krishna. Krishna asks Guru to sign Seema as the model for 'lux soaps'. Seema, during the shoot, is attracted to Krishna after witnessing Krishna's gentleman behavior. She later confesses to Guru that she is in love with Krishna and is soon going to propose to him which upsets Guru. Krishna is more than happy after she proposes to him. On an attempt to bring Krishna's nature with women, he wontedly makes Sheila to go to the mall, Krishna and Seema are on a date. Terrified on looking at Sheila, he covers his identity and introduces Sheila to Seema as his wife much to Seema's horror. When Sheila gets suspicious, he blabbers that Seema is Guru's fiancé which makes Seema leave angrily. Realizing he doesn't love his wife anymore, he orders Guru to make Seema meet him which Guru reluctantly agrees. Seema is not convinced to meet Krishna. The duo bond and she agrees to meet Krishna once for Guru.

Seema is not convinced by Krishna's forgiveness. Krishna manipulates her and lies to her telling that his wife was cheating on him. A man, on Krishna's order, comes and hugs Sheila from the back and she responds by smiling thinking as Krishna. But this not understood by Seema, forgives him. Seema becomes Krishna's mistress. Guru tries to sabotage every moment Krishna wishes to meet Seema. Later, Krishna comes jealous of Guru's closeness to Seema and plans for an ad shoot abroad so as to secretly date Seema. Knowing this, Guru wantedly talks about his boss's affairs with women with Azhagappan so as Sheila's uncle, Gopal overhears it. Gopal is an unmarried middle aged man who is in search of his dream woman. Seema is convinced by Krishna that he is going to divorce Sheila and marry her. Guru makes Azhagappan dress up as an aunty, Lassi Latha, to prevent Seema go on a dinner date with Krishna. Krishna tries hard to make Guru move away. Gopal, much to azhagappan's horror, falls in love with Lassi Latha, his disguise. Krishna is terrified once Sheila also reaches the shoot location. Krishna decides to sleep with Seema and spikes her drink, which by mistake Sheila drinks it after she eats a spiked food given to her by Guru. Seema gets closer to Guru. They return to Chennai. Krishna realises that Guru loves Seema and tries to take revenge on him. Gopal is shocked and faints when he finds that Lassi Latha is Azhagappan, who is his sister Suguna's lover. Seema gets closer to Guru's family. She feels angry after Krishna insults Guru's family. She realizes that Guru loves her too and gets confused. Krishna makes Guru the boss of a company when Seema persuades Krishna and tells guru that he and Seema are going to a date to Kerala. This makes Guru understand that his love for Seema is greater than his company. Seema realists she loves Guru but felt attracted to Krishna only because of his money and her desire to become rich. She understands Krishna's nature when he overhears his conversation. Guru comes to Kerala and saves Seema and she confesses her love for him. Krishna fires Guru from his company.

Krishna leaves Seema asking if she has any sister for him to marry. Seema and Guru live happily and understand s that love is powerful than money.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
*[[R. Madhavan|Madhavan]] as Guru
*[[Abbas (actor)|Abbas]] as Krishna
*[[Mamta Mohandas]] as Seema
*[[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Aasana Azhagappan/"Lassi" Latha
*[[Brinda Parekh]] as Sheila, Krishna's wife
*[[M. S. Baskar]] as Gopal, Sheila's Uncle
*[[Sona Heiden]] as Suguna, Gopal's sister
*[[Mayilsamy]] as Director
*[[Pattimandram Raja]] as Guru's father
*[[Renuka (actress)|Renuka]] as Guru's mother
*[[Poovilangu Mohan]] as Seema's father
*[[Meera Krishnan]] as Seema's mother
*[[Aarthi (actress)|Aarthi]] as Guru's sister
*[[Thambi Ramaiah]] as Krishna's lawyer
*[[Manobala]] as hostel Security.
*[[Mohan Raman]] as Sheila's father
*[[Sharmilee]] as Sowbhagya, Suguna's aunt
*[[Cell Murugan]] as Rowdy
*Balaji
*[[Bayilvan Ranganathan]] as Aasana Azhagappan's student
*[[Krishnamoorthy (actor)|Krishnamoorthy]]
}}

==Production==
When [[Selva (director)|Selva]] decided to remake the 1997 [[Hindi]] film ''[[Yes Boss (film)|Yes Boss]]'' in Tamil and informed that film's star [[Shah Rukh Khan]] on the same, Khan recommended [[R. Madhavan|Madhavan]] as the lead actor.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-04-21 |title=Guru En Aalu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/previews/guru-en-aalu/articleshow/4425218.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20260113205336/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/previews/guru-en-aalu/articleshow/4425218.cms |archive-date=2026-01-13 |access-date=2026-01-13 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Jayaram]] was initially to portray the role that [[Aditya Pancholi]] portrayed in ''Yess Boss'', but left and was replaced with [[Abbas (actor)|Abbas]], who appeared with Madhavan in ''[[Minnale]]'' (2001).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2008-05-05 |title=Jayaram pulls out of Guru En Aalu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/jayaram-pulls-out-of-guru-en-aalu/articleshow/3009726.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20260113205505/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/jayaram-pulls-out-of-guru-en-aalu/articleshow/3009726.cms |archive-date=2026-01-13 |access-date=2026-01-13 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]], who also appeared in that film, would reunite with both Madhavan and Abbas.<ref name="launch">{{cite web |date=2008-05-03 |title=3 new films launched in the city |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14664833 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503125719/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14664833 |archive-date=3 May 2008 |access-date=2008-05-03 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Filming began at [[Chennai]] in May 2008 and continued in various locations in [[Kerala]].<ref name="launch" /><ref name="crew">{{cite web |year=2008 |title=Guru En Aazhu |url=http://www.tamilnaduentertainment.com/tamil.asp?hotclick=guruen.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521145130/http://www.tamilnaduentertainment.com/tamil.asp?hotclick=guruen.txt |archive-date=21 May 2008 |access-date=2008-05-03 |website=Tamil Nadu Entertainment}}</ref> The introductory song for Madhavan was shot at [[AVM Studios]] Studios in [[Vadapalani]], Chennai with several extras, choreographed by Babu.<ref>{{cite web |year=2008 |title=Guru Enn Aalu |url=http://sify.com/movies/imagegallery/galleryDetail.php?hcategory=13733818&hgallery=14680674 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527192849/http://sify.com/movies/imagegallery/galleryDetail.php?hcategory=13733818&hgallery=14680674 |archive-date=27 May 2008 |access-date=2008-05-25 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> [[Sona Heiden]] was selected to appear.<ref>{{cite news |date=2008-05-11 |title=Sona set to sizzle |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/India_Buzz/Sona_set_to_sizzle/articleshow/3028321.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227071016/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/India_Buzz/Sona_set_to_sizzle/articleshow/3028321.cms |archive-date=27 December 2008 |access-date=2008-05-11 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The technical crew includes cinematographer [[U. K. Senthil Kumar]], editor [[V. T. Vijayan]] and dialogue writer L. Venkatesan.<ref name=crew />

==Release and reception==
The film was released on 24 April 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2009 |title=No releases, yet auspicious |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/Apr/15/no-releases-yet-auspicious-41351.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20260113210649/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/Apr/15/no-releases-yet-auspicious-41351.html |archive-date=2026-01-13 |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' claimed that it is "nowhere near the original which was technically superior with super hit songs and locales".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guru En Aalu |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/guru-en-aalu-review-tamil-14883088.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717020742/http://www.sify.com/movies/guru-en-aalu-review-tamil-14883088.html |archive-date=17 July 2014 |access-date=2013-07-14 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote, "If you're looking for a re-creation of a feel-good candy-floss romance, then Selva's shoddy screenplay that's come more than a decade too late is likely to prove quite a drag".<ref>{{cite web |date=2013-04-24 |title=''Guru En Aalu'' is no ''Yes Boss'' |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/guru-en-aalu-is-no-yes-boss/20090424.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102150253/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/guru-en-aalu-is-no-yes-boss/20090424.htm |archive-date=2 November 2014 |access-date=2013-07-14 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' called it "typical commercial cocktail" and concluded that "If you have watched the original you are bound to be perplexed by unnecessary additions in the Tamil version that drag the film down to deplorable levels".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-05-01 |title=Contrived 'fun' track -- Guru En Aalu |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/05/01/stories/2009050150070300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504093644/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/05/01/stories/2009050150070300.htm |archive-date=2009-05-04 |access-date=2013-07-14 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Srikanth Deva]]. The audio launch was held in [[Chennai]] on 27 September 2008.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 September 2008 |title=Guru En Aalu audio on September 27th |url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail/34776/Guru-En-Aalu-audio-September-27th.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115184045/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail/34776/Guru-En-Aalu-audio-September-27th.html |archive-date=15 January 2009 |access-date=2008-09-26 |website=[[Yahoo]]!}}</ref> "Spun" by [[Flipsyde]] is used in the song "Chellame Chellame", and "Bouger Bouger" by [[Magic System]] was used as "Veesuvadhu".<ref name="I">{{Cite web |last=S. |first=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |title=Tamil [Other Composers] |url=https://www.itwofs.com/tamil-others.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190522113005/https://www.itwofs.com/tamil-others.html |archive-date=22 May 2019 |access-date=25 June 2024 |website=[[ItwoFS]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Performer(s)
| title1 = Vaanam Vanthu
| extra1 = [[Krish (singer)|Krish]]
| lyrics1 = [[Pa. Vijay]]
| length1 = 4:31
| title2 = Chellame Chellamae
| extra2 = [[Udit Narayan]]
| lyrics2 = Pa. Vijay
| length2 = 4:42
| title3 = Veesuvadhu
| extra3 = [[Benny Dayal]]
| lyrics3 = [[Palani Bharathi]]
| length3 = 4:14
| title4 = Kadhal Kannadiyil
| extra4 = Prasanna Rao and [[Sadhana Sargam]]
| lyrics4 = [[Kabilan (lyricist)|Kabilan]]
| length4 = 3:59
| title5 = Alaipayudhey
| extra5 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Ranjith (Singer)|Ranjith]], [[Swetha Mohan]] and Niruthya
| lyrics5 = Pa. Vijay
| length5 = 4:37
| title6 = Kadhal Kolagalam
| extra6 = Rakeep
| lyrics6 = [[Kabilan (lyricist)|Kabilan]]
| length6 = 3:18
| total_length = 25:21 
}}

==In other media==
Six years after the release of the film, Vivek and [[M. S. Bhaskar]] reprised their roles of Latha and Gopal respectively, in the 2015 film ''[[Vai Raja Vai]]'' during a dream sequence at Goa.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Selva (director)}}

[[Category:2009 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2009 films]]
[[Category:2009 Indian films]]
[[Category:2009 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Selva (director)]]
[[Category:Films scored by Srikanth Deva]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Hindi films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic comedy films]]

Tapan Das

2026-03-20T08:19:03Z

Red apple learning: made a post w/ sources...

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tapan Das
| caption = Tapan Das in a scene in the movie [[Surjasta]]
| image =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1962|01|11}}
| birth_place = [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]], India
| occupation = Actor, director, writer
| years_active= 1980–present
}}

'''Tapan Das''' (born 11 January 1962) is an Indian film actor, director and story writer in [[Assamese cinema]] and [[Mobile theatre in Assam|mobile theatre]]. He also performs in stage plays.

==Early life==
Das was born on 11 January 1962 in [[Guwahati]]. He has been associated with acting since early 80s when he was in high school. His father was an officer at PWD department in Assam, was frequently transferred from one place to another. So he had studied in different schools of [[Assam]]. He studied in the prestigious [[Assam Engineering College]], as said himself in an Interview. He became a popular actor by doing various [[stage play]]s in [[Guwahati]].

==Career==
Das made his debut in [[Assamese film]] through Pulak Gogoi's ''Sendoor'' in 1984. Till now he has acted in more than 20 Assamese films. Apart from films, Das has been also involved in [[Mobile theatre in Assam|mobile theatres]] (''Bhramyaman''). He has acted in ''[[Kohinoor Theatre|Kohinoor]]'', ''Bordoisila'', ''Shakuntala Theatre'', ''Rajtilak Theatre'' and ''Theatre Surjya''. He also did direction in the above theatres and ''Hengool Theatre''. In 2011, he signed in ''Rajtilak Theatre''.<ref name="RP">{{cite web|url=http://www.rupaliparda.com/english/who's-who/tapandas.htm|title=Rupali Parda Tapan Das |date=5 September 2016|publisher=Rupali Parda|accessdate=5 September 2016}}</ref> After that he has been associated with ''[[Theatre Surjya]]''.

==Filmography==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Director
|-
| 1984 || ''Sendoor'' || Pulak Gogoi
|-
| 1984 || ''[[Shakuntala Aru Sankar Joseph Ali]]'' || Nip Barua
|-
| 1985 || ''Suruj'' || Pulak Gogoi
|-
| 1985 || ''Puja'' || Dara Ahmed
|-
| 1986 || ''Sankalpa'' || Hema Bora
|-
| 1987 || ''Sutrapat'' || Mridul Gupta
|-
| 1988 || ''Pita-Putra'' || [[Munin Barua]]
|-
| 1990 || ''Pahari Kanya'' || Munin Barua
|-
| 1990 || ''Abhiman'' || Mridul Gupta
|-
| 1992 || ''Prabhati Pokhir Gaan'' || Munin Barua
|-
| 1993 || ''Dristi'' || Atul Bordoloi
|-
| 1993 || ''Abarton'' || [[Bhabendra Nath Saikia]]
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Itihas (1995 film)|Itihas]]'' || Bhabendra Nath Saikia
|-
| 1998 || ''Krishnachura'' || Mridul Gupta
|-
| 2001 || ''Daag'' || Munin Barua
|-
| 2002 || ''Gun Gun Gaane Gaane'' || Bidyut Chakravarty
|-
|2002 || ''[[Kanyadaan (2002 film)|Kanyadaan]]'' || Munin Barua
|-
| 2004 || ''Barood'' || Munin Barua
|-
| 2004 || ''Dinabandhoo'' || Munin Barua
|-
| 2004 || ''Anuraag'' || Bidyut Chakravarty
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Antaheen Jatra]]'' || Munna Ahmed
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Kadamtole Krishna Nache]]'' || [[Suman Haripriya]]
|-
| 2005 || ''Astaraag'' || Shiva Prasad Thakur
|-
| 2006 || ''Aghari Atma'' || Munna Ahmed
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Raamdhenu]]'' || Munin Barua
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Samiran Barua Ahi Ase]]'' || [[Prodyut Kumar Deka]]
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Surjasta]]'' || [[Prodyut Kumar Deka]]
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Ahetuk]]'' || Bani Das
|-
| 2022 || ''Rajneeti - Part 1'' || Manujit Sharma
|-
|2024 || ''[[Wide Angle (film)|Wide Angle]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Noted Assamese author Dr Nagen Saikia's 'Staff Photographeror Sobi' to be made into a film|date=10 April 2023 |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/noted-assamese-author-dr-nagen-saikias-staff-photographeror-sobi-to-be-made-into-a-film-645084|language=en|access-date=21 April 2023}}</ref>
|[[Jayanta Nath]]
|-
|}

===Published books===
*''Meghamallāra'' (2008)
*''Dīghalā Baruwāra dālāna'' (1994)

==Awards==
*2012 - Rupkar Award<ref name="RA">{{cite web|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=jan0612/city06|title=Rupkar Award to Tapan Das|date=5 September 2016|publisher=The Assam Tribune|accessdate=5 September 2016|archive-date=13 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113052702/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=jan0612%2Fcity06|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm0201916}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Das, Tapan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Assamese actors]]
[[Category:Assamese-language film directors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Guwahati]]
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

S. Jaishankar

2026-03-17T18:00:42Z

Red apple learning: page edit

{{Short description|Indian diplomat and politician (born 1955)}}
{{Tamil name|Subrahmanyam|Jaishankar}}
{{pp-blp|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = S. Jaishankar
| caption = Official portrait, 2023
| image_size = 220px
| image = The official portrait of External Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar.jpg
| birth_name = Subrahmanyam Jaishankar
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1955|01|09|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]], India
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = {{ubl|{{marriage|Shobha Jaishankar|||end=died}}|{{marriage|Kyoko Somekawa|18 July 1998}}}}
| children = 3
| father = [[K. Subrahmanyam]]
| relatives = [[Sanjay Subrahmanyam]] (brother)
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2019)
| office =  [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Union Minister of External Affairs]]
| term_start = 30 May 2019
| term_end =
| president = [[Ramnath Kovind]] [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| primeminister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| predecessor = [[Sushma Swaraj]]
| successor =
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start1 = 6 July 2019
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Amit Shah]]
| successor1 =
| office2 =  [[Foreign Secretary (India)|Foreign Secretary of India]]
| term_start2 = 28 January 2015
| term_end2 = 28 January 2018
| minister2 = [[Sushma Swaraj]]
| predecessor2 = [[Sujatha Singh]]
| successor2 = [[Vijay Keshav Gokhale]]
| office3 =  [[Indian Ambassador to the United States|Ambassador of India to the United States]]
| term_start3 = 1 December 2013
| term_end3 = 28 January 2015
| president3 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| predecessor3 = [[Nirupama Rao]]
| successor3 = [[Arun Kumar Singh]]
| office4 =  [[List of ambassadors of India to China|Ambassador of India to China]]
| term_start4 = 1 June 2009
| term_end4 = 1 December 2013
| president4 = [[Pratibha Patil]] Pranab Mukherjee
| primeminister4 = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| predecessor4 = [[Nirupama Rao]]
| successor4 = [[Ashok Kantha]]
| office5 =  [[List of high commissioners of India to Singapore|High Commissioner of India to Singapore]]
| term_start5 = 1 January 2007
| term_end5 = 1 June 2009
| president5 = [[A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]] Pratibha Patil
| predecessor5 = Alok Prasad
| successor5 = [[TCA Raghavan]]
| alma_mater = [[Delhi University]] ([[Bachelor's degree|BSc]]) [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]], [[Master of Philosophy|MPhil]], [[PhD]])
| occupation = {{hlist|Civil servant|diplomat|politician|author}}
| office6 =  [[List of ambassadors of India to the Czech Republic|Ambassador of India to the Czech Republic]]
| president6 = [[K. R. Narayanan]] A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
| predecessor6 = Girish Dhume
| successor6 = P. S. Raghavan
| term_start6 = 1 January 2001
| term_end6 = 1 January 2004
| constituency1 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Gujarat|Gujarat]]
| residence = {{ubl|[[Central Delhi district|12, Tughlak Road, New Delhi]]}}
| order = 
| order2 = 
| order1 = 
}}

'''Subrahmanyam Jaishankar''' (born 9 January 1955) is an Indian politician and retired diplomat who is serving as the  [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|minister of external affairs]] since 2019.
He is the longest-serving minister for external affairs to hold the portfolio exclusively.{{efn|name=Nehru|The first Indian prime minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] held the portfolio of external affairs additionally.}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/people/subrahmanyam-jaishankar/|title=Subrahmanyam Jaishankar|work=[[World Economic Forum]]|access-date=1 January 2026}}</ref> A member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), he is a [[Member of Parliament (India)|member of parliament]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of the [[Parliament of India|Indian parliament]]. He previously served as the [[Foreign Secretary (India)|foreign secretary of India]] from 2015 to 2018. In January 2019, he was conferred with the [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth-highest civilian honour.

Jaishankar was born in 1955 in Delhi, in a [[Tamil Hindu]] family. He did his schooling in Delhi, and Bengaluru, and completed his [[bachelor's degree]] in chemistry from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]]. He obtained his masters degree in political science and an [[M.Phil.]] and [[PhD]] in international relations from [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]].

Jaishankar joined the [[Indian Foreign Service]] in 1977, and during a diplomatic career spanning over 38 years, served in different capacities in India and abroad. He served as a [[List of ambassadors of India to the Czech Republic|ambassador to the Czech Republic]] (2001–2004), [[high commissioner]] to Singapore (2007–2009), [[List of ambassadors of India to China|ambassador to China]] (2009–2013), and the [[List of ambassadors of India to the United States|United States]] (2014–2015). From 2004 to 2007, he was the joint secretary (Americas) at the ministry of external affairs, and was one of the officials involved in the negotiation of the [[India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement]]. After serving as the foreign secretary, he retired in 2018.

On retirement, Jaishankar served as president of global corporate affairs with the [[Tata Group]] briefly from 2018 to early 2019. In May 2019, he was sworn in as a [[Cabinet Minister (India)|cabinet minister]] in the [[second Modi ministry]]. He is first former foreign secretary of India to head the ministry of external affairs as cabinet minister. In June 2024, he was re-appointed to the post in the [[third Modi ministry]] after the BJP-led coalition won the [[2024 Indian general elections]].

==Early life and education==
Jaishankar was born on 9 January 1955<ref>{{cite news |title=S Jaishankar: Latest News, Photos, Videos & Updates |url=https://indianexpress.com/about/s-jaishankar/ |access-date=10 March 2025 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] }}</ref> in Delhi, India, to a prominent Indian civil servant [[Krishnaswamy Subrahmanyam]] and Sulochana Subrahmanyam.<ref name="GOI">{{cite web |title=Shri S. Jaishankar{{!}} National Portal of India |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/shri-s-jaishankar |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921225659/https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/shri-s-jaishankar |archive-date=21 September 2023 |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=India.gov.in}}</ref><ref name="BVMP" /> He was brought up in a [[Tamil Hindus|Tamil Hindu]] family.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 February 2011 |title=A gentleman Brahmin |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/a-gentleman-brahmin/story-Q3VmCnRKDziamb6xwPdqCN.html |access-date=7 April 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |quote="he was like all displaced Tamil Brahmins"}}</ref> He has a sister, Sudha Subrahmanyam, and two brothers: historian [[Sanjay Subrahmanyam]] and [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officer]] S. Vijay Kumar,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.teriin.org/profile/s-vijay-kumar|title=Mr S Vijay Kumar|website=www.teriin.org|access-date=4 June 2019}}</ref> former rural development secretary of India.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.resourcepanel.org/the-panel/s-vijay-kumar |title=S. Vijay Kumar |journal=Resource Panel |date=14 March 2017 |access-date=4 June 2019 |via=www.resourcepanel.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mohan |first1=R. |title=Delhi is north, Tamil Nadu is south, never the twain shall meet |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/030619/delhi-is-north-tamil-nadu-is-south-never-the-twain-shall-meet.html |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=3 June 2019}}</ref>

Jaishankar did his schooling at [[The Air Force School]], [[Delhi]], and at the [[Bangalore Military School]], [[Bangalore]]. He then did his bachelor's degree in chemistry from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]] of [[Delhi University]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Who is S Jaishankar? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Who-is-S-Jaishankar/articleshow/46047847.cms |access-date=8 January 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=29 January 2015}}</ref> He has an MA in political science and an M.Phil. and PhD in international relations from [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (JNU), where he specialised in nuclear diplomacy.<ref name="BSA" /><ref>[[Raja Mohan|C.Raja Mohan]] and S. Jaishankar, [http://www.epw.in/authors/s-jaishankar "Nuclear Cartelisation Theory and Practice"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922165624/http://www.epw.in/authors/s-jaishankar |date=22 September 2013}}, ''[[Economic and Political Weekly]]'', Vol. 12, No. 20, 14 May 1977.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ANI Podcast with Smitha Prakash |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXKnm5Gzfjk |access-date=21 February 2023 |work=ANI News |date=21 February 2023}}</ref>

==Diplomatic career (1979–2018)==
After joining the IFS in 1977, Jaishankar served as third secretary and second secretary in the Indian mission to the [[Soviet Union]] in Moscow from 1979 to 1981. He returned to New Delhi, where he worked as a special assistant to diplomat [[Gopalaswami Parthasarathy (diplomat)|Gopalaswami Parthasarathy]] and as undersecretary in the Americas division of India's [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|ministry of external affairs]], dealing with United States. He was part of the team that resolved the dispute over the supply of US nuclear fuel to the Tarapur Power Stations in India.<ref name="BVMP">{{cite news |last=Sirohi |first=Seema |title=Exclusive: S Jaishankar to be India's next envoy to Washington |url=https://www.firstpost.com/world/exclusive-s-jaishankar-to-be-indias-next-envoy-to-washington-1022463.html |access-date=16 April 2022 |work=Firstpost |date=9 August 2013}}</ref> From 1985 to 1988, he was the first secretary at the [[Embassy of India, Washington, D.C.|Indian embassy]] in Washington, D.C.<ref name="BSA">{{cite web |url=http://indianembassy.org.cn/DynamicContent.aspx?MenuId=33&SubMenuId=0 |title=Dr. S. Jaishankar, Ambassador of India – Beijing. Embassy of India, Beijing, China |access-date=4 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116160023/http://www.indianembassy.org.cn/DynamicContent.aspx?MenuId=33&SubMenuId=0 |archive-date=16 January 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

From 1988 to 1990, he served in Sri Lanka as first secretary and political adviser to the [[Indian Peacekeeping Force]] (IPKF).<ref name="BSA" /><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gThuAAAAMAAJ&q=jaishankar|title=Assignment Colombo|first=Jyotindra Nath|last=Dixit|date=4 June 1998|publisher=Konark Publishers|isbn=9788122004991|access-date=4 June 2019|via=Google Books}}</ref> From 1990 to 1993, he was counsellor (commercial) at the Indian mission in [[Budapest]]. Returning to New Delhi, he served as director (East Europe) in the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|ministry of external affairs]] and as press secretary and speechwriter for [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]], then [[president of India]].<ref name="indiatoday">{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-and-current-affairs/story/subrahmanyam-jaishankar-indias-new-foreign-secretary-10-things-you-should-know-about-him-238016-2015-01-30 |title=S Jaishankar, India's New Foreign Secretary: 10 Things you should know about him |work=[[India Today]] |date=30 May 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=30 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030234134/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/subrahmanyam-jaishankar-indias-new-foreign-secretary-10-things-you-should-know-about-him/1/416158.html | url-status=live}}</ref>

Jaishankar was then deputy chief of mission at the Indian embassy in Tokyo from 1996 to 2000.<ref name="BSA" /> This period saw a downturn in [[India–Japan relations]] following India's [[Pokhran-II]] nuclear tests as well as a recovery after a visit to India by then Japanese prime minister [[Yoshirō Mori|Yoshiro Mori]].<ref>[http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/india/data.html Japan-India Relations (Basic Data)], ''[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan]]'', November 2012.</ref> Jaishankar is reported to have helped introduce future Japanese prime minister [[Shinzō Abe]] to [[Manmohan Singh]].<ref>[http://thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-importance-of-shinzo-abe/article4214264.ece The importance of Shinzo Abe], ''[[The Hindu]]'', 19 December 2012.</ref> In 2000, he was appointed India's ambassador to the [[Czech Republic]].

From 2004 to 2007, Jaishankar was joint secretary (Americas) at the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|ministry of external affairs]] in New Delhi. In this capacity, he was involved in negotiating the [[India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement]] and improving defence cooperation, including during relief operations following the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004 Indian Ocean tsunami]].<ref>[http://hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200706260901.htm 'No too many holes in Indo-US nuke deal'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070923063934/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200706260901.htm |date=23 September 2007}},''[[The Hindu]]'', 26 June 2007.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ndu.edu/inss/symposia/Pacific2005/jaishankar.pdf|title=2004 Tsunami disaster – Consequences for Regional Cooperation|access-date=4 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907030328/http://www.ndu.edu/inss/symposia/Pacific2005/jaishankar.pdf|archive-date=7 September 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jaishankar was also involved with the conclusion of the 2005 New Defense Framework<ref>[https://indianembassy.org/india-us-defense-relations.php India-US Defense Relations], ''[https://www.indianembassy.org/ Embassy of India – Washington D.C.]'', 28 June 2005.</ref> and the [[Open Skies]] Agreement,<ref>[http://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ei/pix/b/44621.htm U.S.-India Open Skies Agreement], ''U.S. Department of State'', 14 April 2005.</ref> and he was associated with the launch of the India–United States Energy Dialogue,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aspeninstitute.org/policy-work/aspen-strategy-group/USID/past-meetings|title=meetings of the U.S.-India Strategic Dialogue – The Aspen Institute|access-date=4 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404112441/http://www.aspeninstitute.org/policy-work/aspen-strategy-group/USID/past-meetings|archive-date=4 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> the India-United States Economic Dialogue, and the India-United States CEO's Forum.<ref>[http://indousstf.org/fullstory.aspx?mostprvmytitle=News%20and%20Report&prevmytitle=Fact%20Sheets&storyheadline=The%20U.S.-India%20Economic%20Dialogue&sectionid=S181 The US-India Economic Dialogue] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209152438/http://www.indousstf.org/fullstory.aspx?mostprvmytitle=News%20and%20Report&prevmytitle=Fact%20Sheets&storyheadline=The%20U.S.-India%20Economic%20Dialogue&sectionid=S181 |date=9 February 2014}}, ''Indo-US Science & Technology Forum'', 2 March 2006.</ref> In 2006–2007, Jaishankar led the Indian team during the negotiations on the [[Section 123 Agreement|123 Agreement]] with the United States.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130923092453/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-07-22/us/27970156_1_technical-experts-indian-negotiators-nuclear-test US-India nuke deal: 1.. 2 ..3..go], ''[[Times of India]]'', 22 July 2007.</ref> He also represented the Indian government at the [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|Carnegie Endowment]] International Non-proliferation Conference in June 2007.<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/jun/26ndeal.htm N-deal's not an arms control agreement: India], [[Rediff.com|''Rediff News'']], 26 June 2007.</ref>

Jaishankar was one of those considered for the post of India's [[Foreign Secretary (India)|foreign secretary]] in 2013 but lost out to [[Sujatha Singh]], who became the third woman to serve in the post.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130614083525/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-10/india/39872403_1_pm-manmohan-singh-ranjan-mathai-nirupama-rao Jaishankar is PM's Choice for Foreign Secy Post],''[[Times of India]]'', 10 June 2013.</ref><ref>[http://straitstimes.com/the-big-story/asia-report/india/story/interview-indian-foreign-minister-salman-khurshid-20130705 Interview with Indian Foreign Minister Salman Khurshid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202004942/http://www.straitstimes.com/the-big-story/asia-report/india/story/interview-indian-foreign-minister-salman-khurshid-20130705 |date=2 February 2015}}, ''[[The Straits Times]]'', 5 July 2013.</ref>

===High Commissioner to Singapore===
From 2007 to 2009, Jaishankar served as India's [[high commissioner]] to Singapore.<ref name="BSA" /> During his tenure, he helped implement the [[Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement]] (CECA) that expanded India's business presence in Singapore,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130923054039/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-11-16/news/27687859_1_ceca-india-and-singapore-indian-chefs Singapore all set to attract skilled Indians], ''[[The Economic Times]]'', 16 November 2007.</ref> and oversaw a defence arrangement by which Singapore keeps some of its military equipment in India on a permanent basis.<ref>[http://www.domain-b.com/industry/defence/20071010_defence.htm India and Singapore sign defence cooperation pact], 10 October 2007.</ref> Jaishankar also promoted the [[Pravasi Bharatiya Divas]],<ref>[http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/bline/2008/10/10/stories/2008101051891000.htm Pravasi Bharatiya Divas kicks off in Singapore], ''[[The Hindu Business Line]]'', 10 October 2008.</ref> and IIMPact<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-international/indian-professionals-hailed-as-alternative-global-voices/article1244126.ece Indian professionals hailed as alternative global voices], [[The Hindu]], 22 April 2008.</ref> in Singapore.

===Ambassador to China===
[[File:S._Jaishankar_and_the_Vice_Minister_for_Culture,_China,_Mr._Yang_Zhijin_signing_an_MoU_on_Cultural_Exchange_Programme_2013-15,_in_the_presence_of_the_Prime_Minister.jpg|thumb|left|Jaishankar (left) while serving as [[List of ambassadors of India to China|Indian ambassador to China]] in 2013, during prime minister [[Manmohan Singh]]'s visit to China]]

Jaishankar was India's longest-serving [[List of ambassadors of India to China|ambassador to China]], with a four-and-a-half-year term.<ref name="ADS" /> In Beijing, Jaishankar was involved in improving economic, trade and cultural relations between China and India, and in managing the [[Sino-Indian border dispute]].<ref>[http://business-standard.com/article/news-ani/india-s-relationship-with-china-expanding-substantively-s-jaishankar-lead-jaishankar-113052001003_1.html India's relationship with China expanding substantively: S. Jaishankar], [[Business Standard|''The Business Standard'']], 20 May 2013.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130823234432/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-21/news/41433273_1_indian-ambassador-indian-envoy-border-areas Disturbance of Peace at Border Can Vitiate Ties: India to China],''[[The Economic Times]]'', 21 August 2013.</ref>

Jaishankar's tenure as India's ambassador to China coincided with several major developments in relations between the two countries.<ref name="ADS">[http://thehindu.com/news/national/jaishankar-moving-to-us-after-eventful-tenure-in-china/article5452656.ece Jaishankar moving to U.S. after eventful tenure in China], ''[[The Hindu]]'', 13 December 2013.</ref> His 2010 briefing to the [[Cabinet Committee on Security|Indian cabinet committee on security]] regarding China's refusal to issue a visa to the head of the [[Indian army|Indian Army]]'s [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]] led to a suspension of Indian defence co-operation with China, before the situation was resolved in April 2011.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130923054144/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-09-04/news/27628796_1_gilgit-baltistan-region-nyt-report-zhang-zhijun PLA Presence in PoK Worries India],''[[The Economic Times]]'', 4 September 2010.</ref> Also in 2010, Jaishankar negotiated an end to the Chinese policy of issuing stapled visas to Indians from [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite news |agency=PTI |title=Understanding reached on stapled visa issue, says Indian envoy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world/understanding-reached-on-stapled-visa-issue-says-indian-envoy/story-g9qdmQqVfhDUdaLZEB1nFN.html |access-date=15 June 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=19 December 2010}}</ref> In 2012, in response to [[Chinese passport]]s showing [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and [[Aksai Chin]] as parts of China, he ordered visas issued to Chinese nationals showing those territories as parts of India.<ref>{{cite news |agency=PTI |title=Map row: India terms Chinese action as unacceptable |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/map-row-india-terms-chinese-action-as-unacceptable/articleshow/17338290.cms |access-date=15 June 2022 |work=The Economic Times |date=24 November 2012}}</ref> In May 2013, he negotiated the end of a stand-off resulting from the [[Depsang incident|encampment]] by China's [[People's Liberation Army]] on [[Ladakh]]'s [[Depsang Plains]], threatening to cancel [[Premier of the People's Republic of China|Premier]] [[Li Keqiang]]'s scheduled visit to India if Chinese forces did not withdraw<ref>Ranjit Bhushan and Manak Singh,[http://thesundayindian.com/en/story/the-inscrutables/25/47697/ The Inscrutables] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016110957/http://www.thesundayindian.com/en/story/the-inscrutables/25/47697/ |date=16 October 2016 }}, [http://www.thesundayindian.com/ ''The Sunday Indian''], 2 June 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=PTI |title=India-China border talks today; Defence Minister AK Antony to visit Beijing next month |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-china-border-talks-today-defence-minister-ak-antony-to-visit-beijing-next-month-526721 |access-date=15 June 2022 |work=NDTV |date=28 June 2013}}</ref>

Jaishankar advocated deeper Indian cooperation with China as long as India's "core interests" were respected,<ref>[http://isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?ots591=0c54e3b3-1e9c-be1e-2c24-a6a8c7060233&lng=en&id=155547 S. Jaishankar, India and China: Fifty Years Later], ISAS Special Reports, [http://isas.nus.edu.sg/ ''Institute of South Asian Studies''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129100427/http://www.isas.nus.edu.sg/ |date=29 January 2015}}, 23 November 2012.</ref> and argued for better [[market access]] for Indian businesses operating in China on the grounds that more balanced trade was necessary for the bilateral economic relationship to be sustainable.<ref>[http://www.indianembassy.org.cn/Interview-SpeechDetails.aspx?spchId=29&intSpch=1 'Self-interest key to India-China ties'] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923061409/http://www.indianembassy.org.cn/Interview-SpeechDetails.aspx?spchId=29&intSpch=1 |date=23 September 2013}}, [[Hindustan Times|''The Hindustan Times'']], 4 September 2009.</ref> He was also involved in improving people-to-people contacts between India and China, promoting events that showcased Indian culture in 30 Chinese cities.<ref>Selina Sun and William Wang, [http://www.indianembassy.org.cn/Interview-SpeechDetails.aspx?spchId=36&intSpch=1 Interview of Ambassador of India to China, Dr. S. Jaishankar] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923061627/http://www.indianembassy.org.cn/Interview-SpeechDetails.aspx?spchId=36&intSpch=1 |date=23 September 2013}}, [http://chr.sagepub.com/ ''China Report''], 4 September 2009.</ref>

===Ambassador to the United States===
[[File:Secretary Kerry Shakes Hands With Indian Ambassador Dr. S. Jaishankar.jpg|thumb|Jaishankar with US secretary of state [[John Kerry]] in Washington D.C. in 2014]]
Jaishankar was appointed India's ambassador to the United States in September 2013. He took charge on 23 December 2013, succeeding [[Nirupama Rao]].<ref name="ADS"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Meet Subrahmanyam Jaishankar, the new Indian Ambassador to USA|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/12/meet-subrahmanyam-jaishankar-the-new-indian-ambassador-to-usa/|access-date=24 December 2013}}</ref> He arrived in the United States amid the [[Devyani Khobragade incident]], and was involved in negotiating the Indian diplomat's departure from the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/|title=Business News Live, Share Market News – Read Latest Finance News, IPO, Mutual Funds News|website=The Economic Times|access-date=4 June 2019}}</ref> On 29 January 2014, Jaishankar addressed the [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]], where he argued that "the grand strategy underwriting [Indian-American] ties is fundamentally sound" but that ties suffered from a "problem of sentiment."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carnegieendowment.org/events/2014/01/ambassador-jaishankar-on-us-india-relations?lang=en|title=Ambassador Jaishankar on U.S.-India Relations|first1=S. Jaishankar, Jessica Tuchman|last1=Mathews|first2=S. Jaishankar, Jessica Tuchman|last2=Mathews|website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|access-date=4 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/jaishankar-dispels-bilateral-problem-of-sentiment/article5637220.ece|title=Jaishankar dispels bilateral "problem of sentiment"|first=Narayan|last=Lakshman|date=31 January 2014|access-date=4 June 2019|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>

On 10 March 2014, he formally presented his credentials to US President [[Barack Obama]] at the [[Oval Office]].<ref>{{cite news |agency=IANS |date=10 March 2014 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/us-canada-news/Indian-envoy-presents-credentials-to-Obama/articleshow/31799859.cms |title=Indian envoy presents credentials to Obama |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311032519/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/us-canada-news/Indian-envoy-presents-credentials-to-Obama/articleshow/31799859.cms |archive-date=11 March 2014 |work=The Times of India |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref> Jaishankar was involved in the planning of the Indian prime minister [[Narendra Modi]]'s maiden visit to the country in September 2014, welcoming him upon his arrival and hosting a dinner in his honour for members of the [[Indian Americans|Indian-American community]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Raj |first=Yashwant |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pmmodiinus/modi-in-us-rapport-building-vision-sharing-on-priority/article1-1268791.aspx |title=PM Modi Arrives in US |work=The Hindustan Times |date=26 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926163703/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pmmodiinus/modi-in-us-rapport-building-vision-sharing-on-priority/article1-1268791.aspx |access-date=3 October 2024|archive-date=26 September 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Modi-to-undertake-over-50-engagements-during-maiden-US-visit/articleshow/43227225.cms |title=Modi to undertake over 50 engagements during maiden US visit] |work=The Times of India |date=3 September 2014 |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref>

===Foreign Secretary (2015–2018) ===
Jaishankar was appointed [[Foreign Secretary (India)|foreign secretary]] of India on 29 January 2015. The announcement of his appointment was made following a 28 January 2015 meeting of the [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet|appointments committee of the cabinet]] chaired by the Modi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. S. Jaishankar, Foreign Secretary |url=http://www.mea.gov.in/fs.htm |website=[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)]] |archive-date=17 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117085200/http://www.mea.gov.in:80/fs.htm }}</ref><ref name="BVMN">[http://pib.nic.in/newsite/eRelease.aspx?relid=115035 ACC Appointment], ''[[Press Information Bureau]]'', 29 January 2015.</ref><ref name="BVML">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150128210444/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-s-ambassador-to-us-s-jaishankar-is-the-new-foreign-secretary/article1-1311595.aspx S Jaishankar, is the new foreign secretary], ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', 29 January 2015.</ref> His tenure extension of one year saw a transformation in the working of the ministry of external affairs.<ref name="businesstoday.in">{{cite news |date=10 June 2024 |title=S Jaishankar reappointed as External Affairs Minister in Modi 3.0 Cabinet |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/s-jaishankar-foreign-ministry-modi-30-cabinet-modi-30-modi-cabinet-narendra-modi-pm-modi-nda-government-nda-modi-third-term-diplomat-jaishankar-external-affairs-ministry-432784-2024-06-10 |newspaper=[[Business Today (India)]] |first1=Subhankar |last1=Paul}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday.in">{{cite news |date=28 January 2018 |title=S Jaishankar, architect of Narendra Modi's foreign policy, Indo-US nuclear deal retires today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/s-jaishankar-architect-of-narendra-modi-s-foreign-policy-indo-us-nuclear-deal-retires-today-1155755-2018-01-28 |newspaper=[[India Today]] |first1=Prabhash K |last1=Dutta }}</ref> His appointment came three days before the date on which he would ordinarily have retired and meant the unprecedented termination of Sujatha Singh’s two year tenure as foreign secretary. Singh was offered a sinecure as compensation but preferred to resign from government service. Jaishankar is widely criticised by Nepalese analysts for being the "original planner of [[2015 Nepal blockade]]."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2019/05/769938|title=नाकाबन्दीका योजनाकारलाई किन बनाइयो विदेशमन्त्री ? |trans-title=Why was the mastermind of the blockade made Foreign Minister? |date=17 May 2019 |access-date=4 June 2019 |work=[[Online Khabar]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2019/05/769772|title=नाकाबन्दीका डिजाइनर बने मोदी सरकारका मन्त्री |trans-title=The designer of the blockade became a minister in the Modi government |date=16 May 2019 |access-date=4 June 2019 |work=[[Online Khabar]]}}</ref> His tenure expired in January 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Senior Diplomat Vijay Keshav Gokhale Is New Foreign Secretary |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/vijay-keshav-gokhale-senior-diplomat-is-new-foreign-secretary-1794549 |work=NDTV |agency=PTI |date=1 January 2018 |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref>

== Corporate career (2018-19) ==
After his retirement from his position as the foreign secretary in 2018, Jaishankar joined the [[Tata Group]] as president of global corporate affairs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tata Sons announces appointment of new president, Global Corporate Affairs|url=http://www.tata.com/article/inside/tata-sons-announces-appointment-of-president-for-global-corporate-affairs|website=Tata|access-date=25 May 2018|date=23 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525204501/http://www.tata.com/article/inside/tata-sons-announces-appointment-of-president-for-global-corporate-affairs|archive-date=25 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Minister of External Affairs (2019–present)==
{{see also|List of international trips made by S. Jaishankar as Minister of External Affairs of India}}
[[File:Secretary_Blinken_Attends_a_Working_Lunch_With_Indian_External_Affairs_Minister_Dr._Subrahmanyam_Jaishankar_(51344879442).jpg|thumb|Jaishankar with US secretary of state [[Antony Blinken]] in New Delhi in 2021]]

On 31 May 2019, Jaishankar was appointed to the Office of the [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|minister of external affairs]] in the [[second Modi ministry]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Roche |first=Elizabeth |title=S Jaishankar: Modi's 'crisis manager' sworn-in as union minister |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/policy/s-jaishankar-modi-s-crisis-manager-sworn-in-as-union-minister-1559225084445.html |access-date=30 May 2019 |work=Mint |date=30 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=PM Modi allocates portfolios. Full list of new ministers |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/pm-modi-allocates-portfolios-full-list-of-new-ministers-1559288502067.html |work=[[Live Mint]] |date=31 May 2019}}</ref> He was sworn in as [[Union Council of Ministers|cabinet minister]] on 30 May 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/policy/s-jaishankar-modi-s-crisis-manager-sworn-in-as-union-minister-1559225084445.html|title=S Jaishankar: Modi's 'crisis manager' sworn-in as union minister|work=LiveMint|first=Elizabeth|last=Roche|date=30 May 2019}}</ref> He is first former foreign secretary of India to head the ministry of external affairs as cabinet minister.<ref>{{cite news|title=S. Jaishankar: From Backroom to Corner Office, the Rise of Modi's Favourite Diplomat|url=https://thewire.in/diplomacy/jaishankar-modi-favourite-diplomat-mea|access-date=9 July 2020|work=The Wire|date=1 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/narendra-modi-government-2-0-former-foreign-secretary-s-jaishankar-appointed-as-minister-of-external-affairs-3518011.htm|title=Narendra Modi Government 2.0: Former foreign secretary S Jaishankar appointed as Minister of external affairs Affairs|work=CNBCTV18|date=31 May 2019|access-date=4 June 2019}}</ref> On 5 July 2019, he was elected as [[Member of Parliament (India)|member of Parliament]] from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) to the [[Rajya Sabha]] from [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite news |title=S Jaishankar takes oath as Rajya Sabha member |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/s-jaishankar-rajya-sabha-member-1564342-2019-07-08 |access-date=13 June 2020 |work=India Today |agency=PTI |date=8 July 2019 |location=Delhi |language=en}}</ref> He succeeded [[Sushma Swaraj]] who was the [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|external affairs minister]] in [[First Modi ministry|Narendra Modi's first government]].

In October 2020, Jaishankar and the [[Minister of Defence (India)|Indian minister of defence]], [[Rajnath Singh]], met with [[United States Secretary of State|US Secretary of State]], [[Mike Pompeo]] and [[United States Secretary of Defense|US Secretary of Defense]], [[Mark Esper|Mark T. Esper]] to sign the Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement on Geospatial Cooperation (BECA), which facilitates the sharing of sensitive information and intelligence—including access to highly-accurate nautical, aeronautical, topographical, and geospatial data—between United States and India. The agreement had been under discussion for over a decade, but previous concerns over information security impelled the [[United Progressive Alliance|United Progressive Alliance (UPA)]] coalition government to block it.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement for Geo-Spatial Cooperation\date=23 OCtober 2020|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/basic-exchange-and-cooperation-agreement-for-geo-spatial-cooperation/articleshow/78820683.cms|access-date=4 November 2020}}</ref> In response to the dialogue, [[Wang Wenbin]], the Chinese spokesperson for the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (China)|ministry of foreign affairs]], criticised the move and advised Pompeo to "abandon his Cold War mentality, zero-sum mindset, and stop harping on the "China threat."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Homan|first=Timothy R.|date=27 October 2020|title=US signs satellite data-sharing pact with India, warns of Chinese threats|url=https://thehill.com/policy/defense/522943-us-signs-satellite-data-sharing-pact-with-india-warns-of-chinese-threats|access-date=4 November 2020|website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|language=en}}</ref> In February 2021, when the [[Premiership of Narendra Modi|Modi government]] came under scrutiny at the 46th session of the [[United Nations Human Rights Council]] (UNHRC) for human rights violations, Jaishankar asserted that nations should refrain from interfering in the internal affairs of other countries and should respect national sovereignty.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhaumik |first=Anirban |date=23 February 2021 |title=Avoid interference while addressing human rights violations: S Jaishankar at UNHRC |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/avoid-interference-while-addressing-human-rights-violations-s-jaishankar-at-unhrc-954565.html |newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2021 |title=S. Jaishankar stresses on sovereignty at meet on human rights violations |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/s-jaishankar-stresses-on-sovereignty-at-meet-on-human-rights-violations/cid/1807628 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref>

[[File:9YAN 5350 (52766002359).jpg|thumb|left|Jaishankar (second from left) with at the [[BRICS]] foreign ministers meet in New York on 22 September 2022]]

In November 2022, during a joint press conference along with [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Russian foreign minister]], [[Sergey Lavrov]], Jaishankar praised [[Russia]] as an "exceptionally steady" and "time-tested" partner of India and advocated a return to dialogue and peace between Russia and Ukraine, amid the ongoing [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ties with Russia are to India's advantage and we will keep it |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/europe/ties-with-russia-are-to-indias-advantage-and-we-will-keep-it-going-says-jaishankar-on-oil-imports-top-quotes/articleshow/95381130.cms |work=The Times of India |date=8 November 2022}}</ref> In June 2023, the [[Associated Press]] (AP) reported that Jaishankar had announced that India will remain committed in its stance on not inviting Ukraine to the [[2023 G20 New Delhi summit|2023 G20 summit]] in New Delhi, India.<ref>{{cite web |date=8 June 2023 |title=India not planning to invite Ukraine to G20 summit in September |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-ukraine-g20-summit-7da6b781ddca801a672d76fe8e530daa |access-date=24 July 2023 |publisher=AP News}}</ref> Jaishankar firmly defended buying [[Petroleum industry in Russia|Russian oil]] even after sanctions by numerous countries during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and he criticised Europe for "double standards."<ref>{{cite news |title="Europeans Needed Wake-Up Call": S Jaishankar On Emerging New World Order |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/europeans-needed-wake-up-call-s-jaishankar-on-emerging-new-world-order-3662168 |work=NDTV |agency=ANI |date=4 January 2023 |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=S Jaishankar's tough stance on Europe |url=https://www.brut.media/in/videos/india/politics/s-jaishankar-s-tough-stance-on-europe |work=Brut Media |date=3 June 2022 |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Let's be even-handed': Jaishankar slams Europe's criticism of India's oil trade with Russia. Key points |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/lets-be-even-handed-jaishankar-slams-europe-s-criticism-of-india-s-oil-trade-with-russia-key-points-11654332010037.html |work=Mint |date=4 June 2022 |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref> During the [[GLOBSEC]] 2022 forum in Slovakia, responding to a question on India's official position on Russia's invasion of Ukraine, he said, "Europe has to grow out of the mindset that Europe's problems are the world's problems but the world's problems are not Europe's problems."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barman |first1=Sourav Roy |date=4 June 2022 |title=Europe has to grow out of mindset that its problems are world's problems: Jaishankar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/europe-has-to-grow-out-of-mindset-that-its-problems-are-worlds-problems-jaishankar-7951895/ |newspaper=The Indian Express |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref> In response, German chancellor [[Olaf Scholz]] said, "he has a point," before adding "it wouldn't be Europe's problem alone if the law of the strong were to assert itself in international relations."<ref>{{cite news |title=Jaishankar's Europe remark echoes in German Chancellor's statement in Munich |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jaishankars-europe-remark-echoes-in-german-chancellors-statement-in-munich/article66531087.ece |work=The Hindu |agency=ANI |date=20 February 2023 |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref> During his visit to Germany for the [[Munich Security Conference]], Jaishankar emphasised that Europe must recognise that India cannot adopt the same perspective on Russia as Europe does.<ref>{{cite news |title=India stands firm on buying Russian oil amidst sanctions; EAM Jaishankar says Moscow has never hurt New Delhi |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/oil-gas/india-stands-firm-on-buying-russian-oil-amidst-sanctions-eam-jaishankar-says-moscow-has-never-hurt-new-delhi/articleshow/107846694.cms |work=The Economic Times |agency=ANI |date=20 February 2024 |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref>

[[File:The Prime Minister Rishi Sunak meets the Minister of External Affairs of India Subrahmanyam Jaishankar and his wife Kyoko Jaishankar at 10 Downing Street.jpg|thumb|Jaishankar (left) with British prime minister [[Rishi Sunak]] (right) at the [[10 Downing Street]] in London in 2023]]

In August 2022, Jaishankar defended India's continued diplomatic engagement with [[State Administration Council|Myanmar's military junta]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 August 2022 |title=S Jaishankar defends India's ties with Myanmar junta |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/s-jaishankar-defends-indias-ties-with-myanmar-junta-1137198.html |newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> In January 2023, Jaishankar called Pakistan "The epicenter of terrorism" in an interview with Austrian broadcaster [[ORF (broadcaster)|ORF]]. He added," I can use much harsher words than epicentre for Pakistan for its role in promoting cross-border terrorism as he underlined that the world needs to be concerned about terrorism."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/could-use-harsher-words-jaishankar-use-phrase-epicentre-terrorism-for-pakistan-8358436/ | title='Could use harsher words…': Jaishankar on use of phrase 'epicentre of terrorism' for Pakistan | date=3 January 2023 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] }}</ref> Later in August 2024, he stated, "The era of uninterrupted dialogue with Pakistan is over. What I do want to say is that we are not passive, and whether events take a positive or negative direction, either way we will react."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/era-uninterrupted-dialogue-pakistan-over-eam-s-jaishankar-9541417/ |author1=Divya A | title=Jaishankar: Era of uninterrupted dialogue with Pakistan is over | date=30 August 2024 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] }}</ref> He condemned the [[2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel|Hamas-led attack on Israel]] on 7 October 2023 as a terrorist act, but also talked about the plight of the Palestinian people, suggesting a "two-state solution" through "dialogue and negotiation."<ref>{{cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Paulomi |date=3 November 2023 |title=What happened on October 7 is a big act of terrorism: Jaishankar on Israel, Palestine |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/what-happened-on-october-7-is-a-big-act-of-terrorism-jaishankar-on-israel-palestine-101698977887706.html |work=[[The Hindustan Times]] |access-date=11 December 2023}}</ref> Jaishankar said, "We have always supported a negotiated [[two-state solution]], towards establishment of a sovereign, independent and viable [[Palestine|State of Palestine]] within secure and recognised borders, living side by side in peace with Israel."<ref>{{cite news |title="Concerned Over Deteriorating Situation": Centre On Israel-Hamas War |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/concerned-over-deteriorating-situation-centre-on-israel-hamas-war-4647297 |work=[[NDTV]] |agency=PTI |date=8 December 2023 |access-date=11 December 2023}}</ref>

In May 2023, during [[Bilawal Bhutto Zardari]]'s visit to India for the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]] (SCO) meeting, Jaishankar sharply criticised Pakistan's record on terrorism. He described Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, then the [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Pakistani minister for foreign affairs]], as a "promoter, justifier and spokesperson of a terrorism industry," asserting that this industry was the mainstay of Pakistan.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=S Jaishankar Calls Pak's Bilawal Bhutto "Spokesperson For Terror Industry" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/s-jaishankar-calls-pakistans-bilawal-bhutto-spokesperson-for-terrorism-industry-4008992 |access-date=28 May 2025 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=India's brutal dismissal of visiting Pakistan minister ends hope for thaw |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/india-pakistan-jaishankar-bhutto-zardari-b2333777.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007132520/https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/india-pakistan-jaishankar-bhutto-zardari-b2333777.html |archive-date=7 October 2024 |access-date=28 May 2025 |work=The Independent |language=en-GB |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2023 |title=SCO Foreign Ministers' Meet: Jaishankar slams Pak, calls Bilawal promoter of terrorism industry |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sco-meet-bilawal-bhutto-jaishnakar-india-pak-terrorism-8593875/ |access-date=28 May 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Jaishankar stated, "Victims of terrorism do not sit together with perpetrators of terrorism to discuss terrorism," and emphasised that India would continue to defend itself, counter acts of terrorism, and delegitimise Pakistan's support for such activities.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=5 May 2023 |title='Spokesperson of terror industry': Jaishankar roasts Bilawal Bhutto Zardari |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-and-pakistan-engage-in-intense-face-off-over-terror-at-sco-meeting-in-benaulim-goa-jaishankar-accuses-bhutto-zardari-of-justifying-terrorism-101683304827560.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610140428/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-and-pakistan-engage-in-intense-face-off-over-terror-at-sco-meeting-in-benaulim-goa-jaishankar-accuses-bhutto-zardari-of-justifying-terrorism-101683304827560.html |archive-date=10 June 2023 |access-date=28 May 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref> He further remarked that Pakistan's credibility on terrorism was "depleting even faster than its forex reserves," and dismissed any suggestion of normal engagement while cross-border terrorism persisted.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />

[[File:PM in a bilateral meeting with the President of Russian Federation, Mr. Vladimir Putin at Kazan, in Russia on October 22, 2024 (2).jpg|thumb|left|Jaishankar with Indian prime minister [[Narendra Modi]] and Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] at the [[16th BRICS summit]] in [[Kazan]], Russia on 22 October 2024]]

Jaishankar has been credited for maintaining stable relations between India and China after the [[2017 China–India border standoff|Doklam standoff]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/as-external-affairs-minister-jaishankar-crafted-an-assertive-foreign-policy-approach/articleshow/110852763.cms | title=As external affairs minister, Jaishankar crafted an assertive foreign policy approach | newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] | date=9 June 2024 }}</ref> In October 2024, responding on the relationship with [[China]], He said at [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] in Washington, "The overall relationship with China had “not been great” over the last few years because China had reneged on certain agreements it had with India about how to keep the border between the two countries tranquil."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/as-long-as-there-is-a-forward-deployment-of-troops-india-china-tensions-will-continue-jaishankar/article68707092.ece | title=China reneged on border agreements with India: Jaishankar | newspaper=The Hindu | last1=Lakshman | first1=Sriram }}</ref> In September 2024, on trade with China, he said at the [[Gulf Cooperation Council]] Joint Ministerial Meeting in Riyadh, "We are not closed to business from China. There is nobody who can say I will not do business with China. I think the issue is which sectors do you do business in and on what terms you do business. It is far more complicated than a black and white binary answer."<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian foreign minister Jaishankar says "not closed to business from China" |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-foreign-minister-jaishankar-says-not-closed-business-china-2024-09-10/ |work=Reuters |date=10 September 2024 |access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chaudhury |first1=Dipanjan Roy |date=11 September 2024 |title=India open to do business with China, but terms must be looked into: EAM S Jaishankar |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/india-open-to-do-business-with-china-but-terms-must-be-looked-into-eam-s-jaishankar/articleshow/113237369.cms |work=The Economic Times |access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref> During an official visit to [[London]] in March 2025, his security was breached.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Shivam Pratap |date=6 March 2025 |title=Khalistani extremist breaches S Jaishankar's security in London, tears Indian flag |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/khalistani-extremist-breaches-s-jaishankars-security-in-london-tears-indian-flag-101741232943238.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=7 March 2025}}</ref>

[[File:Secretary Rubio Meets with Indo-Pacific Quad Foreign Leaders (54280659360).jpg|thumb|Jaishankar (front right) with the foreign ministers of [[Quadrilateral Security Dialogue|Quad]] in January 2025]]

During the [[2025 India–Pakistan conflict]], Jaishankar played a pivotal diplomatic role. Jaishankar in an undated video said, "At the start of the operation, we had sent a message to Pakistan, saying, 'We are striking at terrorist infrastructure and we are not striking at the military.'" This statement was criticised by the opposition leaders such as [[Rahul Gandhi]] who accused Jaishankar of tipping-off Pakistan.<ref name="b409">{{cite web |last=Nair |first=Preetha |title=Rahul Gandhi steps up attack on EAM Jaishankar, questions aircraft losses after alleged tip-off to Pakistan |website=The New Indian Express |date=19 May 2025 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/May/19/rahul-gandhi-steps-up-attack-on-eam-jaishankar-questions-aircraft-losses-after-alleged-tip-off-to-pakistan |access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref> The MEA later said that Jaishankar had informed Pakistan after India launched the military operation.<ref name="s309">{{cite web | last=Shwenk | first=Martin | last2=Murthy | first2=Narayana | last3=Poonawalla | first3=Adar | last4=Jain | first4=Manu | last5=Kamath | first5=Nitin | title=MEA rejects claims that India informed Pakistan before launching Operation Sindoor, clarifies on Jaishankar's statement | website=The Economic Times | date=17 May 2025 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/mea-rejects-claims-that-india-informed-pakistan-before-launching-operation-sindoor-clarifies-on-jaishankars-statement/articleshow/121238111.cms?from=mdr | access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref> According to Jaishankar, Pakistan initiated fire following India’s strikes and the exchange ceased at Pakistan’s request.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=26 May 2025 |title='Astonished by the question': Jaishankar rejects nuclear war fears over India-Pak clash |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/astonished-jaishankar-rejects-nuclear-war-india-pakistan-10029882/ |access-date=28 May 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 May 2025 |title=EAM Jaishankar asked if US deserves credit for India-Pak ceasefire and how close world came to nuclear war: His reply says it all |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/eam-jaishankar-asked-if-us-deserves-credit-for-india-pak-ceasefire-and-how-close-world-came-to-nuclear-war-his-reply-says-it-all/articleshow/121414276.cms |access-date=28 May 2025 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 May 2025 |title=Pak was told 30 minutes after Op Sindoor's first phase, Jaishankar tells MPs panel |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/pakistan-was-informed-30-minutes-within-op-sindoor-launch-s-jaishankar-tells-mps-panel-2730712-2025-05-26 |access-date=28 May 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> In July 2025, he rejected claims of US mediation in the ceasefire with Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |title="I Was In The Room": S Jaishankar Refutes Trump's India-Pak Ceasefire Claims |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/eam-s-jaishankar-refutes-donald-trumps-india-pakistan-ceasefire-claims-i-was-in-the-room-8805736 |access-date=2 July 2025 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref> However, Trump reiterated that he mediated ceasefire between India and Pakistan.<ref name="z236">{{cite web | title=Trump tariff: US President hints at 20-25% tariff on India, again claims credit for ceasefire between India and Pakistan | website=The Hindu | date=29 July 2025 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/trump-remarks-on-india-us-trade-deal-and-hints-at-20-25-tariff-again-claims-credit-for-ceasefire-between-india-and-pak/article69871324.ece | access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File:Secretary Blinken Hosts a Working Dinner for Indian External Affairs Minister Jaishankar (52387534175).jpg|thumb|Jaishankar (second left) with his wife Kyoko (left corner) at the US in 2021]]

Jaishankar was married to Shobha until she succumbed to cancer. The two had met while studying at the Jawaharlal Nehru University.<ref>{{cite web |title=Meet S Jaishankar's Japan-origin wife Kyoko, daughter Medha Jaishankar |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-medha-jaishankar-s-jaishankar-s-daughter-know-all-about-s-jaishankar-s-wife-s-jaishankar-s-family-3027166 |access-date=11 March 2023 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=2 March 2023}}</ref> Later, he married Kyoko Somekawa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Dr.-Subrahmanyam-Jayshankar_1.pdf |title=Details of movable assets of Dr. S. Jaishankar, Minister of External Affairs, Spouse and dependents as on 31st March 2020 |work=[[Government of India]] |date=31 March 2020 |access-date=17 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://docs.myneta.info/affidavits/rajsab09aff/786/Shri_S_Jaishankar.pdf |title=Affidavit |work=Myneta |date=31 March 2020 |access-date=25 June 2019 }}</ref> Somekawa is of [[Japanese people|Japanese]] origin, and both of them met while Jaishankar was serving in the Indian embassy in Japan.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 June 2024 |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/kyoko-jaishankar-wife-of-s-jaishankar-1694519 |title=Who Is Kyoko Somekawa? External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar's Wife |work=[[SheThePeople]] |access-date=17 May 2025}}</ref>

He has three children, son Dhruva and daughter Medha from his first marriage,<ref>{{cite news |last=Haniffa |first=Aziz |title=India's new US envoy presents credentials to Joe Biden |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/indias-new-us-envoy-presents-credentials-to-obama/20140311.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=11 March 2014 |access-date=15 February 2021}}</ref> and son Arjun, from his second marriage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Navigating Global Challenges: S Jaishankar's Impact on India's Foreign Policy |url=https://societyachievers.com/navigating-global-challenges-s-jaishankars-impact-on-indias-foreign-policy/ |work=Society Achievers |date=2 April 2025 }}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
In 2019, the [[Government of India|Indian government]] awarded him the [[Padma Shri]], the country's fourth-highest civilian honour.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nair |first1=Arun |date=11 March 2019 |title=Former Diplomat Jaishankar, Akali Leader Among Recipients Of Padma Awards |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/former-diplomat-jaishankar-akali-dal-leader-mohanlal-among-47-recipients-of-padma-awards-2005793 |work=[[NDTV]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |access-date=19 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=17 January 2019|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/subrahmanyam-jaishankar-padma-shri-shankar-dayal-sharma-indo-us-civilian-nuclear-agreement-sino-indian-border-dispute-narendra-modi/354167|title=Former Indian foreign secretary Subrahmanyam Jaishankar to be conferred with Padma Shri|work=Times Now|access-date=29 January 2019|archive-date=3 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503151137/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/subrahmanyam-jaishankar-padma-shri-shankar-dayal-sharma-indo-us-civilian-nuclear-agreement-sino-indian-border-dispute-narendra-modi/354167|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Published works ==
* {{cite book |last=Jaishankar |first=S.| title=The India Way|date=2020 |isbn=978-9390163878 |pages=240 |publisher=[[Harper Collins]]|title-link=The India Way: Strategies for an Uncertain World}}
* {{cite book|last=Jaishankar|first=S.|title=Why Bharat Matters|publisher=[[Rupa Publications]]|isbn=978-9357026406|oclc=|year=2024|title-link=Why Bharat Matters}}

{{clear}}

==See also==
* [[Premiership of Narendra Modi]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Subrahmanyam Jaishankar}}
{{wikiquote}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140701174520/https://www.indianembassy.org/pages.php?id=90 Ambassador's Bio Data], Embassy of India, Washington DC
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131002045356/http://english.cntv.cn/program/dialogue/20100803/104348.shtml Interview], [[China Central Television]], 3 August 2010
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Nitin Gadkari

2026-03-16T20:44:44Z

Red apple learning: basic refined references based on references and improved wording for consistency

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1957)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nitin Gadkari
| image = Nitin Jairam Gadkari.jpg
| caption =
| image_size = 220px
| office = [[Minister of Road Transport and Highways|Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways]]
| term_start = 26 May 2014
| term_end =
| president = [[Pranab Mukherjee]] [[Ramnath Kovind]] [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| primeminister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| predecessor = [[Oscar Fernandes]]
| successor =
| office1 = [[Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises|Union Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises]]
| president1 = Ramnath Kovind
| term_start1 = 30 May 2019
| term_end1 = 7 July 2021
| primeminister1 = Narendra Modi
| predecessor1 = [[Giriraj Singh]]
| successor1 = [[Narayan Rane]]
| office2 = [[Ministry of Shipping (India)|Union Minister of Shipping]]
| term_start2 = 26 May 2014
| term_end2 = 30 May 2019
| president2 = Pranab Mukherjee Ramnath Kovind
| primeminister2 = Narendra Modi
| predecessor2 = [[G. K. Vasan]]
| successor2 = [[Mansukh L. Mandaviya]]
| office3 = [[Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation|Union Minister of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation]]
| term_start3 = 3 September 2017
| term_end3 = 30 May 2019
| president3 = Ramnath Kovind
| primeminister3 = Narendra Modi
| predecessor3 = [[Uma Bharti]]
| successor3 = [[Gajendra Singh Shekhawat]]
| office4 = [[Ministry of Rural Development (India)|Union Minister of Rural Development]]
| president4 = Pranab Mukherjee
| term_start4 = 4 June 2014
| term_end4 = 9 November 2014
| primeminister4 = Narendra Modi
| predecessor4 = [[Gopinath Munde]]
| successor4 = [[Birender Singh (politician, born 1946)|Birender Singh]]
| office5 = [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj|Union Minister of Panchayati Raj]]
| president5 = Pranab Mukherjee
| term_start5 = 4 June 2014
| term_end5 = 9 November 2014
| primeminister5 = Narendra Modi
| predecessor5 = Gopinath Munde
| successor5 = [[Birender Singh (politician, born 1946)|Birender Singh]]
| office6 = [[Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation|Union Minister of Drinking Water and Sanitation]]
| president6 = Pranab Mukherjee
| term_start6 = 4 June 2014
| term_end6 = 9 November 2014
| primeminister6 = Narendra Modi
| predecessor6 = Gopinath Munde
| successor6 = [[Birender Singh (politician, born 1946)|Birender Singh]]
| office7 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start7 = 16 May 2014
| term_end7 =
| predecessor7 = [[Vilas Muttemwar]]
| successor7 =
| constituency7 = [[Nagpur Lok Sabha constituency|Nagpur, Maharashtra]]
| office8 = 9th [[List of Presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party|National President of Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| term_start8 = 23 December 2009
| term_end8 = 23 January 2013
| predecessor8 = [[Rajnath Singh]]
| successor8 = Rajnath Singh
| office9 = [[President (corporate title)|President]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party – Maharashtra]]
| term_start9 = 5 April 2005
| term_end9 = 22 December 2009
| predecessor9 = [[Pandurang Fundkar]]
| successor9 = [[Sudhir Mungantiwar]]
| office10 = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Maharashtra Legislative Council|Leader of the Opposition in Maharashtra Legislative Council]]
| term_start10 = 23 October 1999
| term_end10 = 11 April 2005
| 1blankname10 = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata10 = [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]] [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
| predecessor10 = [[Chhagan Bhujbal]]
| successor10 = [[Pandurang Fundkar]]
| office11 = [[Ministry of Public Works (Excluding Public Undertakings) (Maharashtra)|Minister of Public Works of Maharashtra]]
| term_start11 = 14 March 1995
| term_end11 = 18 October 1999
| 1blankname11 = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata11 = [[Manohar Joshi]] [[Narayan Rane]]
| predecessor11 = [[Shivajirao Deshmukh]]
| successor11 = [[Vijaysinh Mohite–Patil]]
| office12 = [[Member of Legislative Council|Member]] of [[Maharashtra Legislative Council]]
| term_start12 = 20 July 1990
| term_end12 = 16 May 2014
| predecessor12 = Gangadhar Fadnavis
| successor12 = [[Anil Sole]]
| constituency12 = [[Nagpur Graduates constituency|Nagpur Graduates]]
| birth_name = Nitin Jairam Gadkari
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1957|05|27}}
| birth_place = [[Nagpur]], [[Bombay State]], India (present-day [[Maharashtra]])
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse = {{marriage|Kanchan Gadkari|1984}}
| children = 3 (2 sons and 1 daughter)
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Nagpur University]]|[[Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University]]<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/aurangabad/varsity-to-confer-nitin-gadkari-with-honorary-dlitt/articleshow/98195600.cms | work=The Times of India | title=Profile: Nitin Gadkari | date=24 February 2023 | access-date=25 February 2023}}</ref>}}
| education = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Master of Commerce]]|[[Bachelor of Laws]]|[[Doctor of Letters]]}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Businessman|politician}}
| website = {{URL|https://nitingadkari.org.in}}
}}
'''Nitin Jairam Gadkari''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-uk-Nitin Gadkari.ogg|n|i|t|i|n|_|g|ʌ|d|k|ʌ|ˈ|r|i}}; born 27 May 1957) is an Indian politician who is serving as the 40th [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways|Minister of Road Transport & Highways]] since 2014.<ref name="indiatoday.in">{{Cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/nagpur-election-result-2019-nitin-gadkari-nana-patole-1532886-2019-05-23 | title=Nagpur Election Results 2019: Nitin Gadkari defeats Congress's Nana Patole | date=23 May 2019 |work=[[India Today]] | access-date=1 June 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601075157/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/nagpur-election-result-2019-nitin-gadkari-nana-patole-1532886-2019-05-23 | archive-date=1 June 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Rajnath-steps-down-Gadkari-takes-over-as-BJP-president/articleshow/5356182.cms|title=Rajnath steps down, Gadkari takes over as BJP president|access-date=1 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025150732/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-19/india/28067924_1_rajnath-singh-nitin-gadkari-bjp-president|archive-date=25 October 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 December 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> He is also the longest serving Minister for Road Transport & Highways, currently in his tenure for over eleven years, and is the only person to serve under a single portfolio for three consecutive terms.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sultan |first1=Parvez |date=10 June 2024 |title=Nitin Gadkari becomes longest-serving minister in same ministry under PM Modi |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Jun/10/nitin-gadkari-becomes-longest-serving-minister-in-same-ministry-under-pm-modi |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=16 June 2024}}</ref> A senior leader of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]), he served as the President of his party from 2009 to 2013.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-19975645 | publisher=BBC News | title=Profile: Nitin Gadkari | date=23 January 2013 | access-date=20 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101094121/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-19975645 | archive-date=1 November 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref>

He currently represents the [[Nagpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagpur constituency]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] and is a lawyer by profession. He has previously served as a Minister in various departments, including Water resources and River development, Shipping, Rural Development and MSME. He is often referred to as the "Expressway Man of India" by the media due to his initiation of the [[Mumbai-Pune Expressway]] and his contributions to the development of [[Expressways in India|expressways]] and other road infrastructure.<ref name="FPJ">{{cite news|author=FPJ Web Desk|title=Nitin Gadkari Birthday: Must-know facts about this highly popular Indian politician|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/nitin-gadkari-birthday-must-know-facts-about-this-highly-popular-indian-politician|access-date=21 June 2023|work=[[The Free Press Journal]]|date=26 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sutar|first=Kamlesh Damodar|title=Nitin Gadkari, BJP's all time visionary performer {{!}} What you need to know|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/nitin-gadkari-takes-oath-for-the-second-time-in-modi-cabinet-1538969-2019-05-30|access-date=21 June 2023|work=[[India Today]]|date=30 May 2019}}</ref> The [[World Economic Forum]] has recognised him as the "pioneer of [[public–private partnership]] (PPP) in the road sector".<ref name="WEF">{{cite web |title=Nitin Jairam Gadkari |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/nitin-jairam-gadkari |publisher=[[World Economic Forum]] |access-date=21 June 2023}}</ref>

Under his tenure as [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways|Minister of Road Transport & Highways]], India's National Highway (NH) network has grown by 60% becoming world’s second largest network, rising from 91,287 km in 2014 to 146,195 km in 2024. The length of National High-Speed Corridors (HSC) has increased by 2560%, rising from 93 km in 2014 to 2,474 km in 2024 and the length of 4-lane and above [[National highways of India|National Highways]] (excluding HSCs) has more than doubled, expanding from 18,278 km in 2014 to 45,947 km in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2025 |title=Press Release- PIB - Government of India |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2091508#:~:text=The%20National%20Highway%20(NH)%20network,to%202%2C474%20km%20at%20present. |access-date=13 January 2025 |website=PIB Press Release - Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India's National Highways see 60% growth in a decade, becoming world's second largest network |url=https://ddnews.gov.in/en/indias-national-highways-achieve-60-growth-in-a-decade-establishing-the-second-largest-network-globally/ |access-date=13 January 2025 |website=ddnews.gov.in}}</ref>

==Early life==
Gadkari was born into a [[Marathi Brahmin]] family<ref>{{cite web |title=ब्राह्मण यहाँ ज्यादा कुछ नहीं करते ऐसा क्यों बोले नितिन गडकरी? |url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/eBsVDSo3PUs |website=YouTube |publisher=News Today |language=hi |access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Son of the Sangh Nitin Gadkari's heritage as the RSS's man in reserve|url=http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/son-of-the-sangh|work=[[The Caravan]]|author=Praveen Donthi|access-date=1 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411153419/http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/son-of-the-sangh|archive-date=11 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/brahmins-bag-most-top-bjp-posts-70890-2010-04-04|title=Brahmins bag most top BJP posts|access-date=4 April 2010|work=India Today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813143327/https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/brahmins-bag-most-top-bjp-posts-70890-2010-04-04|archive-date=13 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=92F7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT20|title=INDIA'S NEW CAPITALISTS: Caste, Business, and Industry in a Modern Nation|author=Harish Damodaran|publisher=Hachette UK|access-date=25 November 2018|page=20|quote=The Mhaiskars are Chitpavan, while Gadkari is a Deshastha Brahmin|isbn=9789351952800|date=25 November 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=Let's Drop Anchor|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/lets-drop-anchor/293531|publisher=Outlook India|access-date=5 March 2015|quote=In another mail of Friday, July 5, 2013, a detailed plan from Vaibhav Dange is forwarded to the captain by Sunil Bajaj, from Essar Services. This mail lists Nikhil and Sarang Gadkari as contact persons, and lists their mobile numbers. The planner adds, "Everybody is Vegetarian and prefers Asian vegetarian that is Indian Veg, Chinese Veg etc."|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507190126/http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/lets-drop-anchor/293531|archive-date=7 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gadkari loves his food & politics|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/gadkari-loves-his-food-politics/articleshow/5360386.cms|work=The Economic Times|access-date=21 December 2009|quote=Mr Gadkari is full of ideas about development and food. Had it not been politics, he perhaps could have been one of the best food critics. His stout and rather over-nourished figure though stands testimony to his fondness for food, it actually doesn't tell a complete story. An authority on pure vegetarian and Maharashtrian food, Nitin equally loves to take his friends on culinary trips|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218021155/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/gadkari-loves-his-food-politics/articleshow/5360386.cms|archive-date=18 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> in [[Nagpur]], India to Jairam Gadkari and Bhanutai Gadkari on 27 May 1957.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/nitin-jairam-gadkari |title=Nitin Jairam Gadkari | National Portal of India |access-date=13 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813112743/https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/nitin-jairam-gadkari |archive-date=13 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Members : Lok Sabha - Gadkari, Shri Nitin Jairam |url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4923 |website=Lok Sabha |access-date=23 May 2022}}</ref> During his adolescence, he worked for the [[Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha]] and the student union [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]]. He completed [[Master of Commerce|M.Com.]] and [[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B.]] from [[Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University|Nagpur University]].<ref>{{citation |title=Cabinet reshuffle: Modi government's got talent but is it being fully utilised? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cabinet-reshuffle-modi-governments-got-talent-but-is-it-being-fully-utilised/articleshow/53132757.cms |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=10 July 2016 |access-date=13 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712053749/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cabinet-reshuffle-modi-governments-got-talent-but-is-it-being-fully-utilised/articleshow/53132757.cms |archive-date=12 July 2018 |url-status=live |last1=Layak |first1=Suman }}</ref>

==Political career==
Gadkari served as the Minister of [[List of public works ministries|Public Works Department]] (PWD) of the [[Government of Maharashtra]] from 1995 to 1999 and restructured it from top to bottom.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Joy |first1=Santosh K. |url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/x1xPKHu1mNjfKcdb8Y8xSK/Gadkari-emerges-as-frontrunner-for-post.html |title=Gadkari emerges as front-runner for post |work=mint |date=15 November 2009 |access-date=29 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915123300/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/x1xPKHu1mNjfKcdb8Y8xSK/Gadkari-emerges-as-frontrunner-for-post.html |archive-date=15 September 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> He has served as the president of the [[Maharashtra|Maharashtra state]] unit of BJP.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nitin Gadkari takes over as new BJP chief, Rajnath steps down|url=http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=3489610|publisher=MSN India|access-date=27 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312092225/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=3489610|archive-date=12 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Gadkari strongly supported [[privatisation]] while he campaigned for investments in infrastructure from [[private firm]]s. He addressed several meetings between private investors, [[General contractor|contractors]], builders and various [[trade organisation]]s and diverted large amounts of budgeted projects towards privatisation. Subsequently, the state government allocated {{INR}}7 billion for rural connectivity. Over the next four years, all-weather road connectivity in [[Maharashtra]] was extended to 98% of the population. The project aimed to connect 13,736 remote villages which remained unconnected since independence by road.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.motorindiaonline.in/aftermarket/nitin-gadkari-sure-to-transform-transport-sector/|title=Nitin Gadkari sure to transform transport sector|date=June 2014|website=MotorIndia|access-date=26 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027021715/http://www.motorindiaonline.in/aftermarket/nitin-gadkari-sure-to-transform-transport-sector/|archive-date=27 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bjp.org/images/pdf/nitin_gadkari_biodata.pdf|title=Standard Bio-introduction of Shri Nitin Gadkari|website=bjp.org|access-date=26 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027021657/http://www.bjp.org/images/pdf/nitin_gadkari_biodata.pdf|archive-date=27 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> It also helped ameliorate [[malnutrition]] in remote [[Melghat]]-[[Dharni, Amravati|Dharni]] area of [[Amravati]] district, which previously had no access to medical aid, [[ration]] or educational facilities.

Gadkari was the architect of [[Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Sharma |first1=Pratul |date=6 August 2023 |title=The importance of being Nitin Gadkari |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/2023/07/29/minister-of-road-transport-and-highways-nitin-gadkari-achievements.html |magazine=The Week |access-date=10 June 2025}}</ref> He received the Late Madhavrao Limaye Award by Public Library Nashik, for Most Efficient [[Member of parliament|Member of Parliament]] for 2020-21.<ref>{{cite news |title=nashik: Savana To Felicitate Gadkari For 'efficiency' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/savana-to-felicitate-gadkari-for-efficiency/articleshow/89416364.cms |access-date=3 March 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=8 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=नितीन गडकरी यांना कार्यक्षम खासदार पुरस्कार जाहीर |url=https://www.loksatta.com/maharashtra/nitin-gadkari-has-been-declared-the-efficient-mp-award-msr-87-2794039/ |access-date=3 March 2022 |work=Loksatta |date=7 February 2022 |language=mr}}</ref>

===Positions served===
*Minister, Govt of [[Maharashtra]]<ref name="nagpurpulse1">{{cite web |url=http://www.nagpurpulse.com/nitin-gadkari |title=Nitin Gadkari | Nagpur News, Blogs, Jobs, Events, Classifieds, Travel, Education and Business Directory |date=22 January 2008 |publisher=Nagpurpulse.com |access-date=11 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314004931/http://www.nagpurpulse.com/nitin-gadkari |archive-date=14 March 2012 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>
*Chairman, Purti Group of Companies<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/>
*President, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], [[Maharashtra|Maharashtra State]]<ref>[http://www.bjp.org/content/view/2613/463/ BJP official site] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029185154/http://www.bjp.org/content/view/2613/463/ |date=29 October 2009 }}</ref>
*[[Leader of Opposition]], [[Maharashtra Legislative Council]]<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/>
*Former Minister for Public Works Department, [[Maharashtra State]]<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/>
*[[Member of Legislative Council]], [[Maharashtra|Maharashtra State]]<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/>
*Elected to the [[Maharashtra Vidhan Parishad|Maharashtra Govt. Legislative Council]] in 1989 from graduates constituency, [[Nagpur|Nagpur Region]]<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/>
*Re-elected in 1990<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/>
*Re-elected in 1996 and elected unopposed in 2002<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/>
*Inducted in the [[Maharashtra|Maharashtra State]] Government Cabinet as the Minister for Public Works on 27 May 1995<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/>
*Member of the High Powered Committee for [[Privatisation]], [[Government of Maharashtra]]<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/>
*Chairman, [[Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation]], [[India]]<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/>
*Guardian Minister for Nagpur District, Govt. of [[Maharashtra]]<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/>
*Chairman, Mining policy Implementation Committee, Govt. of [[Maharashtra]]<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/>
*Chairman, Metropolis Beautification Committee, Govt. of [[Maharashtra]]<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/>
*Leader of Opposition, [[Maharashtra]] [[Legislative council|Legislative Council]], Chairman [[Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana|National Rural Road Development Committee]]<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/>
*Chairman, Review Committee of PWD at Govt. of [[India]]<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/>
*State President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], [[Maharashtra]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.silobreaker.com/biography-for-nitin-gadkari-5_2262839612219064320_4 |title=Biography for Nitin Gadkari |publisher=Silobreaker |access-date=11 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312041132/http://www.silobreaker.com/biography-for-nitin-gadkari-5_2262839612219064320_4 |archive-date=12 March 2012 }}</ref>
*National President of [[BJP]], [[India]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/sunday-et/dateline-india/Gadkari-becomes-the-youngest-BJP-president/articleshow/5357402.cms | work=The Times of India | title=Features | date=20 December 2009 | first1=Devesh | last1=Kumar | access-date=26 January 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015042240/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/sunday-et/dateline-india/Gadkari-becomes-the-youngest-BJP-president/articleshow/5357402.cms | archive-date=15 October 2012 | url-status=live }}</ref>

=== As Public Works Department (PWD) Minister, Maharashtra, 1996–99 ===

As PWD Minister of [[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Maharashtra]], Gadkari played a crucial role in expediting the construction of the [[Mumbai Pune Expressway|Mumbai-Pune Expressway]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dandekar|first1=Hemalata C.|last2=Mahajan|first2=Sulakshana|year=2001|title=MSRDC and Mumbai-Pune Expressway: A Sustainable Model for Privatising Construction of Physical Infrastructure?|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=36|issue=7|pages=549–559|issn=0012-9976|jstor=4410291}}</ref> In 1990, the [[Government of Maharashtra]] conducted feasibility studies for the new expressway to be operated on a toll basis, however, it was only after Gadkari took over as PWD Minister<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/modi-swearing-in-live-nitin-gadkari-194418-2014-05-26|title=Nitin Gadkari: Minister of Road Transport and Highways, and Shipping|work=India Today|date=26 May 2014 |access-date=26 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528050122/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/modi-swearing-in-live-nitin-gadkari/1/363635.html|archive-date=28 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> that the construction of this project was fast-tracked. Gadkari entrusted the work of the construction of [[Mumbai]]-[[Pune]] expressway to [[Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation|MSRDC]] in March 1997 on Build-Operate-Transfer basis with permission to collect toll for 30 years. The tender notice<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1151004/jsp/7days/story_46009.jsp|title=One-man band|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=4 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010014103/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151004/jsp/7days/story_46009.jsp|archive-date=10 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> was published in leading newspapers all over India and also on the Internet. Due to the wide publicity, 133 tenders were sold and on 18 December 1997, 55 tenders were received. After technical and financial evaluation, tenders were accepted and work orders were given on 1 January 1998 to four contractors. Thereafter tenders for widening of the [[Khandala]] and [[Lonavala]]-[[Khandala]] bypass works were invited. The tenders were received on 24 August 1998 and orders were issued on 4 September 1998. The first sections of the Expressway opened in 2000, and the entire route was completed, opened to traffic and made fully operational from April 2002.

The other major achievement of Gadkari as state minister<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nitin-gadkari-flyover-man/article6051209.ece|title=Nitin Gadkari – flyover man|newspaper=The Hindu|date=27 May 2014|access-date=27 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117143905/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nitin-gadkari-flyover-man/article6051209.ece|archive-date=17 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> was the construction of 55 flyovers in Mumbai, which eased the city traffic problems significantly.

===As President of BJP, 2009–2013===
Gadkari was appointed the president of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] in December 2009. This was considering a tough phase for the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] as the party had lost two successive [[Lok Sabha]] elections and needed a quick revamp.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/BJPs-focus-is-on-development-socio-economic-reform-and-nationalism-Nitin-Gadkari/article16366188.ece|title=BJP's focus is on development, socio-economic reform, and nationalism: Nitin Gadkari|newspaper=the hindu|date=12 April 2010|access-date=12 April 2010|last1=Ramakrishnan|first1=T.}}</ref>

In his book ''India Aspires'', co-authored with [[Tuhin Sinha]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/COLUMNISTS/oped/this-one-has-walked-the-talk.html|title=THIS ONE HAS WALKED THE TALK|publisher=the pioneer|access-date=14 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214000248/http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/oped/this-one-has-walked-the-talk.html|archive-date=14 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Gadkari spells out his development ideas for the country in great detail. Increased institutional support to green energy, alternate fuel and effective waste management hold special importance in Gadkari's development plan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/author-gadkari-spells-out-his-aspirations/234073|title='Author' Gadkari spells out his aspirations|work=Free Press Journal|access-date=12 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102172154/http://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/author-gadkari-spells-out-his-aspirations/234073|archive-date=2 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

As [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] party president, Gadkari, re-emphasised on legendary Jan Sangh leader Deen Dayal Upadhya's principles of [[Integral humanism (India)|Integral Humanism]] and ''Antyodaya'' (upliftment of the poor). At the same time, various cells<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/bjp-creates-governance-cell-makes-goa-ex-cm-convenor-73083-2010-04-28|title=BJP creates Governance Cell, makes Goa ex-CM convenor|work=India Today|date=29 April 2010 |access-date=29 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103002723/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/BJP+creates+Governance+Cell+makes+Goa+ex-CM+convenor/1/95277.html|archive-date=3 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.firstpost.com/india/gadkari-prescribes-e-governance-to-battle-corruption-479396.html|title=Gadkari prescribes e-governance to battle corruption|date=4 October 2012|publisher=Firstpost|access-date=4 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924132852/http://m.firstpost.com/india/gadkari-prescribes-e-governance-to-battle-corruption-479396.html|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> were constituted within the party to regularly monitor the develop work undertaken by various [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] state governments and to come up with new policy inputs.

Gadkari resigned as party president in January 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nitin-gadkari-resigns-rajnath-singh-likely-to-be-next-bjp-president-511098|title=Nitin Gadkari resigns; Rajnath Singh likely to be next BJP president|last=Shrivastava|first=Rahul|date=January 2013|publisher=NDTV|access-date=26 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027061511/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nitin-gadkari-resigns-rajnath-singh-likely-to-be-next-bjp-president-511098|archive-date=27 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/bjp-dumps-nitin-gadkari-gives-rajnath-singh-his-job-113012200591_1.html|title=BJP dumps Nitin Gadkari, gives Rajnath Singh his job|last=BS Reporter|date=January 2013|newspaper=Business Standard India|access-date=26 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027023212/https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/bjp-dumps-nitin-gadkari-gives-rajnath-singh-his-job-113012200591_1.html|archive-date=27 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

===2014 and 2019 Lok Sabha elections===
Gadkari contested 2014 Lok Sabha election successfully from Nagpur constituency and won. He defeated [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] party candidate [[Vilas Muttemwar]] by margin of {{formatnum:285000}}. He retained his seat in 2019, defeating [[Nanabhau Patole|Nana Patole]] of Congress party by {{formatnum:216000}} margin.<ref name="indiatoday.in"/>

===Union Minister===
[[File:Shri Nitin Jairam Gadkari taking charge as the Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways and Shipping, in New Delhi on May 29, 2014.jpg|250px|thumb|Gadkari taking charge as the [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways|Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways]] and [[Ministry of Shipping (India)|Shipping]], in New Delhi on 29 May 2014.]]
[[File:Shri Nitin Gadkari taking charge as the Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways, in New Delhi on June 04, 2019.jpg|thumb|Gadkari taking charge as the [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways|Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways]], in New Delhi on 4 June 2019.]]

[[File:Mr. and Mrs. Bill and Melinda Gates, Co-Chairs of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation calls on the Union Minister for Road Transport & Highways and Shipping, Shri Nitin Gadkari, in New Delhi on September 19, 2014.jpg|thumb| [[Bill Gates]] and [[Melinda Gates]], Co-Chairs of the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]] calls on the Union Minister for Road Transport & Highways and Shipping, Nitin Gadkari and his wife Kanchan Gadkari, in [[New Delhi]] on 19 September 2014.]]
Gadkari became the [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways|Minister of Road Transport and Highways]] and [[Ministry of Shipping (India)|Minister of Shipping]] in May 2014.{{sfn|Mahurkar|2017|p=120}} Out of the stalled projects he inherited, projects worth {{INRConvert|1|t}} were terminated and others worth {{INRConvert|350|b}} were put up for rebidding.{{sfn|Mahurkar|2017|p=122}} He increased the pace of road creation in the country from 2 km/day to 16.5 km/day in his first year and to 21 km/day in the second year and end of 2018 30 km/day.{{sfn|Mahurkar|2017|pp=121–122}} He reserved an amount of one per cent of the total projects awarded in his tenure worth {{INRConvert|2|t}} for trees and beautification.{{sfn|Mahurkar|2017|p=123}}

During the [[Second Modi ministry]], Gadkari retained [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]], while the Ministry of Shipping and [[Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation|Ministry of Water Resources]], River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation were replaced with [[Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises]] on 31 May 2019.<ref>{{citation |title=PM Modi allocates portfolios. Full list of new ministers |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/pm-modi-allocates-portfolios-full-list-of-new-ministers-1559288502067.html |work=[[Live Mint]] |date=31 May 2019 |access-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602015648/https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/pm-modi-allocates-portfolios-full-list-of-new-ministers-1559288502067.html |archive-date=2 June 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Highway construction pace post 2019 was 36 km per day in 2020 and Gadkari aims to take it to 68 kms per day with a target of 25000 kms in 2022-23.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Highway construction speed to be enhanced to meet next fiscal target: Road Transport Secretary |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/national-highway-construction-speed-to-be-enhanced-to-meet-next-fiscal-target-road-transport-secretary/2427468/ |access-date=31 March 2022 |website=Financialexpress |date=7 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2021 |title=Despite lockdown, national highway construction hits all-time high of 36.4 km/day in 2020-21 |url=https://theprint.in/india/governance/despite-lockdown-national-highway-construction-hits-all-time-high-of-36-4-km-day-in-2020-21/632648/ |access-date=31 March 2022 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> In line with the vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat green fuel adoption and fuel self sufficiency Gadkari drove to the parliament in a hydrogen powered FCEV Toyota Mirai car. He asked people to opt for green fuel vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=30 March 2022 |title=Nitin Gadkari reaches Parliament in India's first hydrogen fuel cell vehicle |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/nitin-gadkari-reaches-parliament-in-india-s-first-hydrogen-fuel-cell-vehicle-see-pics-11648618639276.html |access-date=31 March 2022 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

Gadkari, who was virtually present at the inauguration of the headquarters of the [[National Highways Authority of India]] ([[NHAI]]) on 28 October 2020, made a speech that was highly critical of the [[National Highways Authority of India|NHAI]] officials and bureaucracy.<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 October 2020|title='I am ashamed this project took so long to finish': Nitin Gadkari on NHAI building inauguration|url=https://scroll.in/video/977066/i-am-ashamed-this-project-took-so-long-to-finish-nitin-gadkari-on-nhai-building-inauguration|access-date=30 October 2020|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Manchanda|first=Megha|date=29 October 2020|title=Nitin Gadkari's criticism of NHAI casts shadow on the body's functioning|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/nitin-gadkari-s-criticism-of-nhai-casts-shadow-on-the-body-s-functioning-120102901079_1.html|access-date=30 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Akhilesh|date=29 October 2020|title=Hang Photos Of Officers Who Delayed Building For 12 Years: Nitin Gadkari|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nitin-gadkari-hang-photos-of-officers-who-delayed-building-for-12-years-2317155|access-date=30 October 2020|website=NDTV}}</ref>

Gadkari has been praised for several initiatives by both BJP and Congress leaders as well as critics, most notably for increasing blend of ethanol in gasoline, encouraging mixing plastic in asphalt-bitumen roads, as well as launching the [[Bharat NCAP]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techstartups.com/2019/12/20/india-built-21000-miles-road-ways-using-plastic-waste/|title=India has built 21,000 miles of road ways using plastic waste|date=20 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rushlane.com/bharat-ncap-car-safety-rating-system-protocols-to-be-finalized-soon-12426011.html|title=Bharat NCAP car safety rating system protocol to be finalized soon|author=|date=11 February 2022|publisher=|accessdate=17 February 2022|work=RushLane}}</ref> The Bharat NCAP has been launched on the lines of Global NCAP,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autocarindia.com/auto-features/bharat-ncap-and-global-ncap-differences-and-similarities-explained-429153|title=Bharat NCAP and Global NCAP: differences and similarities explained|website=Autocar India}}</ref> which is based on [[Latin NCAP]] 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.team-bhp.com/news/2022-global-ncap-crash-test-protocols-cars-india|title=2022 Global NCAP crash test protocols for cars in India | Team-BHP|website=Team-BHP.com}}</ref> Due to absence of safety features in cars made for [[India]], which was noted following the crash testing of a few models in 2014, Gadkari mandated safety features such as ABS and 6 airbags(earlier 2 airbags) for cars sold across India.<ref>{{cite news|title=Indian small cars fail independent crash tests|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/tata-nano-other-indian-small-cars-fail-independent-crash-tests-477550|access-date=5 June 2014|work=NDTV|date=31 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/news/stop-selling-unsafe-cars-to-poor-indians-nitin-gadkari-at-auto-industry-event/articleshow/94206702.cms|title= Stop selling unsafe cars to 'poor Indians': Nitin Gadkari at auto industry event|newspaper= The Times of India|date= 14 September 2022}}</ref> While he received praise for trying to make roads and cars safer, some automakers criticised this decision, stating that adding safety features will drive up prices of vehicles and make them unaffordable.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 November 2014|title=More safety features in cars will mean less road safety, says Maruti chief|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/more-safety-features-in-cars-will-mean-less-road-safety-says-maruti-chief/|access-date=12 July 2021|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref>

===Khasdar Sanskrutik Mahotsav===
Gadkari, organises Khasdar Sanskrutik Mahotsav every year in Nagpur. The event focuses on India's diverse cultural heritage, encompassing traditional arts, music, dance, and literature. The Program Involves Various Bollywood celebrtities, singers and performers including [[Hema Malini]], [[Mika Singh]], [[Amit Trivedi]] and [[Adnan Sami]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Nagpur's Grand Celebration: Khasdar Sanskrutik Mahotsav 2023 Is Back In The City |url=https://www.nagpurtrends.com/articles/nagpurs-grand-celebration-khasdar-sanskrutik-mahotsav-2023-is-back-in-the-city-Rfhi64 |work=Nagpurtrends.com |date=20 November 2023 |access-date=13 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Deshpande |first1=Chaitanya |date=6 December 2023 |title=Music, Dance And Raw Energy, Mika Raps Up A Perfect Finale |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/mika-singhs-electrifying-performance-at-khasdar-mahotsav-in-nagpur/articleshow/105768740.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=13 March 2024}}</ref>

===2024 general election===
In March 2024, he was announced as the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] candidate from his home constituency Nagpur in the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 General Elections]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 March 2024 |title=Second list of BJP candidates for ensuing General Elections 2024 to the Parliamentary Constituencies of different states finalised by BJP CEC |url=https://www.bjp.org/pressreleases/second-list-bjp-candidates-ensuing-general-elections-2024-parliamentary|website=bjp.org |access-date=13 March 2024}}</ref> He secured a decisive victory for the third consecutive time, defeating his closest Congress rival by a margin of 137,603 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Union Minister Nitin Gadkari Wins From Nagpur For 3rd Consecutive Time |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lok-sabha-election-2024-results-live-union-minister-nitin-gadkari-wins-from-nagpur-for-3rd-consecutive-time-5818214 |work=NDTV |agency=PTI |date=4 June 2024 |access-date=13 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bullish Wins & Bearish Losses: Here are the key contests and results of 2024 Lok Sabha polls |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bullish-wins-bearish-losses-here-are-the-key-contests-of-2024-lok-sabha-results/articleshow/110713130.cms |work=Economic Times |date=6 June 2024 |access-date=27 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727153249/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bullish-wins-bearish-losses-here-are-the-key-contests-of-2024-lok-sabha-results/articleshow/110713130.cms |archive-date=27 July 2024}}</ref>

==Industrial career==
During his career in politics, Gadkari set up a number of private industries and companies.<ref>{{cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Rajnath-steps-down-Gadkari-takes-over-as-BJP-president/articleshow/5356182.cms |title=Rajnath steps down, Gadkari takes over as BJP president |work=The Times of India |date=19 December 2009 |access-date=22 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101117033929/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Rajnath-steps-down-Gadkari-takes-over-as-BJP-president/articleshow/5356182.cms |archive-date=17 November 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> These include –
* Poly sack Industrial Society Ltd – founder and chairman<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/>
* Nikhil Furniture and Appliances Pvt. Ltd – promoter and director<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/>
* Antyodaya Trust – founder and member<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/>
* Empress Employees Co-operative Paper Mills Ltd – founder and chairman<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/>
* Purti Power and Sugar Ltd / Purti Sakhar Karkhana Ltd – promoter<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/gadkari-under-cag-fire-for-rs-49-crore-purti-loan-cong-wants-his-ouster/story-2UMpVMfLW1NBo8M44Ks5TL.html|title=Gadkari under CAG fire for Rs 49-crore Purti loan, Cong wants his ouster | india | Hindustan Times|access-date=30 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002174300/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/gadkari-under-cag-fire-for-rs-49-crore-purti-loan-cong-wants-his-ouster/story-2UMpVMfLW1NBo8M44Ks5TL.html|archive-date=2 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Gadkari has registered himself as an [[agriculturist]] for tax purposes. He also started a fruit export company under the banner of "Ketaki Overseas Trading Company".<ref name="nagpurpulse1"/> He owns a total of 17 sugar plantations in [[Vidarbha]] under the banner of the Purti group. Gadkari floated the Purti Power and Sugar Ltd (now Purti Group) in 1995,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://purtigroup.com|title=Purti Group|access-date=30 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107224156/http://www.purtigroup.com/|archive-date=7 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> when he started as PWD minister in [[Maharashtra]]. In 2012, the companies came into the media glare based on irregularities unearthed by RTI activist [[Anjali Damania]], the Income Tax department investigated a number of firms that had invested in Purti, and found more than a dozen of these to be bogus addresses.<ref>{{cite news |title = I-T noose tightens around Nitin Gadkari, finds most of the addresses of investors in Purti group to be bogus|author= Aditi Raja |work = India Today|url = https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/nitin-gadkari-income-tax-department-noose-tightens-addresses-of-investors-in-purti-group-120958-2012-11-09 |date = 9 November 2012 |access-date = 24 May 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140525200151/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/nitin-gadkari-income-tax-department-noose-tightens-addresses-of-investors-in-purti-group/1/228292.html |archive-date = 25 May 2014 |url-status = live}} The Income Tax department, which had recently raided and searched the
premises of various companies associated with the Purti group, [said in a report] that these 'shell companies' are 'fake' or 'non-existent'.</ref> Another three investing firms were found co-located with the Somani Group, but no one knew of these firms.<ref>{{cite news |title = Mysterious investors in Gadkari's group share 'fake' addresses |author1 = Sandeep Ashar |author2 = Rajshri Mehta |name-list-style = amp |work = The Times of India |url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Mysterious-investors-in-Gadkaris-group-share-fake-addresses/articleshow/16921001.cms |date = 23 October 2012 |access-date = 24 May 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121023154838/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Mysterious-investors-in-Gadkaris-group-share-fake-addresses/articleshow/16921001.cms |archive-date = 23 October 2012 |url-status = live}}quote: Vidya Buildcon Private Ltd, Sanobar Infrastructure and Roller Multitrade — are all registered in an office on the second floor of Shree Niwas House... This was the headquarters of various companies belonging to the well-known Somani Group. Members of the Somani family and their employees present in the premises denied any knowledge regarding these firms.</ref> Following this, [[Delhi]] CM [[Arvind Kejriwal]] amplified the allegations accusing Gadkari of irregularities. However, Kejriwal apologised unconditionally after Gadkari filed a defamation case against him.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 March 2018 |title=Kejriwal's apology to Gadkari: Mumbai activist Damania says there's more to it than meets the eye |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/kejriwal-s-apology-to-gadkari-mumbai-activist-damania-says-there-s-more-to-it-than-meets-the-eye/story-1lhYjOw1RSkaVaOuqvk45I.html |access-date=23 March 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

In 2010, when the Purti group had incurred losses of Rs. 640 million,<ref>{{cite news| title = Gadkari denies allegations of murky dealings| work = The Hindu | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gadkari-denies-allegations-of-murky-dealings/article4017219.ece|date = 21 October 2012 | access-date = 24 May 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140525200801/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gadkari-denies-allegations-of-murky-dealings/article4017219.ece | archive-date = 25 May 2014 | url-status = live }}</ref> the firm [[IRB Infrastructure|IRB]], which had obtained hefty road contracts under Gadkari's term as PWD minister, loaned the group Rs. 1.64 billion, which was higher than Purthi's turnover of Rs. 1.45 billion. When questioned on Marathi channel [[News18 Lokmat|IBN-Lokmat]], about why he did not avail a loan from banks, Gadkari explained that the balance sheets of the company were not in a suitable state, so he had requested his friend Dattatray to help him out.<ref name=it/> Also, Gadkari's son Nikhil was allegedly a director with IRB at the time. Gadkari argued that there was nothing wrong in having contractors invest in one's firms,<ref>
{{cite news| title =Nothing wrong in getting investments from contractors: Nitin Gadkari tells NDTV |author1=Sreenivasan Jain |author2=Miloni Bhatt |author3=Abhinav Bhatt | publisher =NDTV | url = http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/nothing-wrong-in-getting-investments-from-contractors-nitin-gadkari-tells-ndtv-282265 | date = 20 October 2012}}</ref> but opposition leaders have argued that all this suggests a [[quid pro quo]] for political favours granted by Gadkari.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Menon |first=Krishna |last2=Aditya |first2=Kumar |date=17 October 2012 |title=Past returns to haunt BJP chief Nitin Gadkari |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/bjp-nitin-gadkari-iac-scam-infrastructure-projects-maharashtra-118873-2012-10-16 |magazine=[[India Today]] |access-date=24 November 2025}}</ref>

The news of these allegations broke a few months before Gadkari was to seek re-election as president of the BJP. At the time, Gadkari was to address several rallies for the [[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]. [[India Today]] reported that BJP leader [[Shanta Kumar]] had suggested that Gadkari's presence was "affecting [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]'s anti-corruption campaign."<ref>{{cite news |title= The burden of Gadkari |author = Bhavna Vij-Aurora |work = India Today |url= https://www.indiatoday.in/india/corruption-charges-against-nitin-gadkari/story/the-burden-of-gadkari-152504-2013-01-24 |date= 25 January 2013 |access-date= 24 May 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140525195037/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/the-burden-of-gadkari/1/247547.html|archive-date = 25 May 2014|url-status = live}}</ref> Subsequently, Gadkari cancelled his scheduled rallies at Bilaspur and Solan on 30 October.

In early 2013, in the elections for BJP president, for which Gadkari was "close to clinching a second innings"<ref>{{cite news| title = Nitin Gadkari: an ex-president of BJP trying to make Lok Sabha debut| publisher = NDTV| url = http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-news/nitin-gadkari-an-ex-president-of-bjp-trying-to-make-lok-sabha-debut-501219| date = 28 March 2014| access-date = 24 May 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140516214307/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-news/nitin-gadkari-an-ex-president-of-bjp-trying-to-make-lok-sabha-debut-501219|archive-date = 16 May 2014| url-status = live}}</ref> his chances unravelled with several senior leaders suggesting that the I-T indictment of the Purti groups investments had damaged his image,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/bjp-dumps-nitin-gadkari-gives-rajnath-singh-his-job-113012200591_1.html|title=BJP dumps Nitin Gadkari, gives Rajnath Singh his job|author=BS|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=22 January 2013|access-date=17 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217132834/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/bjp-dumps-nitin-gadkari-gives-rajnath-singh-his-job-113012200591_1.html|archive-date=17 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> and Gadkari was not re-elected.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/bjp-drops-nitin-gadkari-says-rajnath-singh-to-be-president/1063132/|title=BJP drops Nitin Gadkari, says Rajnath Singh to be president|access-date=24 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525214114/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/bjp-drops-nitin-gadkari-says-rajnath-singh-to-be-president/1063132/|archive-date=25 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Gadkari told the ''[[Times of India]]'' that he was stepping down until the inquiry proved him innocent.<ref name=resign>{{cite news| title = What led to Nitin Gadkari's resignation as BJP president?| publisher =Times of India| url =https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/What-led-to-Nitin-Gadkaris-resignation-as-BJP-president/videoshow/18143577.cms| access-date =24 May 2014| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130126141047/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/What-led-to-Nitin-Gadkaris-resignation-as-BJP-president/videoshow/18143577.cms| archive-date =26 January 2013| url-status =live}}</ref> Some RSS functionaries have suggested that his exit was the result of infighting.<ref>{{cite news|title= Gadkari's exit was due to internal political conspiracy, says Vaidya|author= Pavan Dahat|work= The Hindu|url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gadkaris-exit-was-due-to-internal-political-conspiracy-says-vaidya/article4358239.ece|date= 30 January 2013|access-date = 24 May 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140525202727/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gadkaris-exit-was-due-to-internal-political-conspiracy-says-vaidya/article4358239.ece|archive-date = 25 May 2014|url-status= live}}</ref> Subsequently, Gadkari threatened the I-T officers, saying "when our party comes to power, there would be no [[P. Chidambaram|Chidambaram]] or [[Sonia Gandhi|Sonia]] to save them (I-T officials)"; Gadkari said,"Earlier CBI was doing Congress's bidding and now the I-T people are following suit."<ref>{{cite news|title= Where will you go when BJP comes to power? Nitin Gadkari threatens I-T officials|agency= Press Trust of India|work= The Times of India|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Where-will-you-go-when-BJP-comes-to-power-Nitin-Gadkari-threatens-I-T-officials/articleshow/18163212.cms|date= 24 January 2013|access-date= 24 May 2014|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140525212942/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Where-will-you-go-when-BJP-comes-to-power-Nitin-Gadkari-threatens-I-T-officials/articleshow/18163212.cms|archive-date = 25 May 2014|url-status= live}}</ref> The I-T officers association took umbrage at these remarks and demanded an apology.<ref>{{cite news| title =I-T officers' body demands apology from Gadkari| work =The Hindu| url =http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/it-officers-body-demands-apology-from-gadkari/article4350879.ece| date =27 January 2013| access-date =24 May 2014| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140525202717/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/it-officers-body-demands-apology-from-gadkari/article4350879.ece| archive-date =25 May 2014| url-status =live}}</ref>

Eventually, in May 2013, the [[Income Tax Department|Income Tax department]] assessed that Gadkari's firms had evaded Rs. 70 million via such [[Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988|benami]] investments and other practices. On 30 April 2014, then Congress union Minister [[Manish Tewari]] apologised to Gadkari when he was dragged in to a defamation suit by the latter. This apology was based on the judicial commission mention that Gadkari had played no role or had no concern with the scam.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/why-congress-manish-tewari-apologised-to-bjp-s-nitin-gadkari-516289|title=Why Congress' Manish Tewari apologised to BJP's Nitin Gadkari|author=Deepshikha Ghosh|date=30 April 2014|work=NDTV.com|access-date=30 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726113405/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/why-congress-manish-tewari-apologised-to-bjp-s-nitin-gadkari-516289|archive-date=26 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> On 13 May 2014, the Income Tax department of [[Maharashtra]] state cleared Gadkari's name and gave him a clean chit saying there is no investigation presently pending.<ref name=it>{{cite news|title = In the Wrong Business|author=Will BJP president Nitin Gadkari get his second term in office?|publisher= Kiran Tare and Bhavna Vij-Aurora|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/india/corruption-charges-against-nitin-gadkari/story/20121105-bjp-president-nitin-gadkari-second-term-in-office-is-unlikely-760348-1999-11-29|date = 26 October 2012 |access-date = 24 May 2014|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140525232603/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bjp-president-nitin-gadkari-second-term-in-office-is-unlikely/1/226399.html|archive-date=25 May 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-05-13/news/49820651_1_nitin-gadkari-bjp-president-purti-group|title=Income tax department clean chit to Nitin Gadkari, may get BJP chief post|work=timesofindia-economictimes|access-date=30 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812233602/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-05-13/news/49820651_1_nitin-gadkari-bjp-president-purti-group|archive-date=12 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=detects>{{cite news| title = IT dept detects Rs. 7 crore evasion in Gadkari's companies|work = The Hindu| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/it-dept-detects-rs-7-crore-evasion-in-gadkaris-companies/article4685956.ece| date = 5 May 2013| access-date = 24 May 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140525200829/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/it-dept-detects-rs-7-crore-evasion-in-gadkaris-companies/article4685956.ece| archive-date =25 May 2014|url-status =live}}</ref> GPS based toll collection will start on National Highways, said Nitin Gadkari.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anand |first=Abhishek |date=25 July 2024 |title=GPS based toll collection will start on National Highways,said Nitin Gadkari |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/automobile/gps-based-toll-collection-system-will-be-started-in-these-two-states-nitin-gadkari-gave-information|work=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi |access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref>

== Publications ==
Gadkari authored ''Unmasking India''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=D. C. |date=2021-09-19 |title=Nitin Gadkari earns Rs 4 lakh royalty per month from YouTube {{!}} Nitin Gadkari earns Rs 4 lakh royalty per month from YouTube |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/featured/190921/nitin-gadkari-earns-rs-4-lakh-royalty-per-month-from-youtube.html |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>'': Webinars for [[Atmanirbhar Bharat]]'' (2021), edited by Sarita Kaushik<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=indiantelevision com |date=2022-09-05 |title=ABP Majha appoints Sarita Kaushik as deputy executive editor |url=https://indiantelevision.com/news-headline/abp-majha-appoints-sarita-kaushik-as-deputy-executive-editor/ |access-date=2026-02-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> and Rahul Pande. The book compiles his addresses delivered during the [[COVID-19]] pandemic through a series of webinars on economic self-reliance (Atmanirbhar Bharat). The discussions cover sectors including MSMEs, [[agriculture]], [[infrastructure]], [[transport]], [[energy]] and [[innovation]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gadkari |first=Nitin |title=Unmasking India |date=14 March 2021 |publisher=Kautilya Books |year=2021 |isbn=8194823382 |edition=1st |location=Nagpur |publication-date=14 March 2021 |pages=240 pages |language=English}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Nitin Gadkari is married to Kanchan Gadkari and they have three children, Nikhil, Sarang and Ketki.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/gadkari-daughter-ties-knot-at-glittering-ceremony-ministers-politicians-attend-function-4410140/|title=Gadkari' daughter ties knot at glittering ceremony, ministers, politicians attend function|date=4 December 2016|website=The Indian Express|access-date=18 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718230241/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/gadkari-daughter-ties-knot-at-glittering-ceremony-ministers-politicians-attend-function-4410140/|archive-date=18 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/for-wedding-of-nitin-gadkaris-daughter-50-chartered-flights-to-ferry-guests-to-nagpur/|title=For wedding of Nitin Gadkari's daughter, 50 chartered flights to ferry guests to Nagpur|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=4 December 2016|access-date=9 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717080900/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/for-wedding-of-nitin-gadkaris-daughter-50-chartered-flights-to-ferry-guests-to-nagpur/|archive-date=17 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> His eldest son Nikhil is married to Rutuja Pathak<ref>{{cite news|publisher=NDTV|year=2010|url=https://www.ndtv.com/photos/news/the-big-bang-gadkari-wedding-celebrations-8704|title=The big-bang Gadkari wedding celebrations|access-date=19 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220002802/https://www.ndtv.com/photos/news/the-big-bang-gadkari-wedding-celebrations-8704|archive-date=20 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and Sarang Gadkari is married to Madhura Rodi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Not-that-big-fat-Indian-wedding-this-time-for-Nitin-Gadkaris-son/articleshow/13875853.cms|title=Not that big fat Indian wedding this time for Nitin Gadkari's son {{!}} Nagpur News|first=Ramu|last=Bhagwat|date=6 June 2012|website=The Times of India|access-date=18 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731164315/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Not-that-big-fat-Indian-wedding-this-time-for-Nitin-Gadkaris-son/articleshow/13875853.cms|archive-date=31 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Gadkari and his family follow a [[vegetarian]] diet.<ref name=":0" />

==Controversies==

In August 2019, Gadkari created controversy when he stated that he had advised the then [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Union Finance Minister]] to sack the [[Reserve Bank of India|RBI]] Governor because the latter was "inflexible and adamant".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arya |first1=Shishir |title=Had once told finance minister to sack RBI governor: Nitin Gadkari |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/had-once-told-finance-minister-to-sack-rbi-governor-nitin-gadkari/articleshow/70635825.cms |access-date=2 November 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=12 August 2019}}</ref>

In 2009, seven-year-old Yogita Thakre was found dead with bruises all over her body in a car allegedly owned by Gadkari and parked near his home in Nagpur. Maharashtra's [[Crime Investigation Department (India)|Criminal Investigation Department (CID)]] attempted to close the case twice, but local courts rejected the closure reports.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |last1=Bhatt |first1=Miloni |last2=Ghosh |first2=Shamik |title=Court rejects CID's report on death of Yogita, child who allegedly died in Nitin Gadkari's car |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/court-rejects-cids-report-on-death-of-yogita-child-who-allegedly-died-in-nitin-gadkaris-car-514068 |access-date=2 November 2023 |work=NDTV |date=21 February 2013}}</ref> Gadkari's employees claimed that the girl had accidentally locked herself in the boot of the car and died of suffocation, while her mother alleged that she had been murdered. The post-mortem report indicated that Yogita was smothered to death.<ref name="auto"/> According to a release on 21 May 2009 by senior police inspector R. S. Katole, blood stains were found on the child’s undergarments, as well as on her private parts. Her mouth was reportedly found open and her lips turned black. A vaginal swab was sent to a regional forensic laboratory to determine if she had been sexually assaulted.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mystery deepens in Nagpur girl's death|url=https://news.rediff.com/report/2009/may/21/nagpur-mystery-deepens-in-nagpur-girl-death.htm|access-date=10 August 2025 |work=Rediff |date=21 May 2009}}</ref>

In 2025, Gadkari faced criticism over the nationwide rollout of petrol blended with 20% ethanol (E20). Critics alleged that the move reduced fuel efficiency, caused potential damage to older vehicles, and primarily benefited ethanol-producing companies linked to his family, such as Cian Agro Industries & Infrastructure Ltd and Manas Agro Industries, in which his sons reportedly held stakes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Congress levels conflict of interest allegations against Gadkari over govt’s ethanol push; BJP dismisses charges |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/congress-levels-conflict-of-interest-allegations-against-gadkari-over-govts-ethanol-push-bjp-dismisses-charges/articleshow/123697262.cms |work=The Economic Times |date=10 September 2025 |access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref> Congress alleged a conflict of interest, claiming that the ethanol policy disproportionately aided such companies whose revenues surged after the policy change. Gadkari denied any wrongdoing, stating that he had "no role" in issuing contracts for ethanol production and that his family's firms accounted for less than 0.5% of national output.<ref>{{cite news |title=No role of mine: Gadkari breaks silence on ethanol conflict of interest allegations |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/no-role-of-mine-gadkari-breaks-silence-on-ethanol-conflict-of-interest-allegations/3979440/ |work=The Financial Express |date=12 September 2025 |access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref> He also alleged that much of the criticism of the E20 policy was part of a "paid political campaign" to discredit him.<ref>{{cite news |title=Paid campaign against me, says Nitin Gadkari on E20 fuel concerns |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/paid-campaign-against-me-says-nitin-gadkari-on-e20-fuel-concerns-11757580224844.html |work=Mint |date=11 September 2025 |access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref> The [[Supreme Court of India]] dismissed a petition that sought to halt the rollout of E20, thereby upholding the government's blending policy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Top court dismisses plea against nationwide rollout of 20% ethanol-blended petrol |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/law-news/story/top-court-dismisses-plea-against-nationwide-rollout-of-20-ethanol-blended-petrol-2780030-2025-09-01 |work=India Today |date=1 September 2025 |access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref> Media reports also noted that several social media influencers were engaged in paid promotional campaigns to support ethanol blending and the E20 fuel policy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Paid influencer campaigns fuel E20 debate |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/paid-political-campaign-against-me-nitin-gadkari-over-online-furore-on-e20-petrol-493527-2025-09-11 |work=Business Today |date=11 September 2025 |access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref>> Gadkari following the footsteps of Brazil, wishes to increase ethanol percentage in petrol to 35%.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pandey |first1=Kundan |title=From policy to pushback, India’s 'greenlash' over ethanol-blended petrol |url=https://india.mongabay.com/2025/09/from-policy-to-pushback-indias-greenlash-over-ethanol-blended-petrol/ |website=Mongabay-India |date=26 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Brazil to boost biofuel mandates to E30, B15 {{!}} Ethanol Producer Magazine |url=https://ethanolproducer.com/articles/brazil-to-boost-biofuel-mandates-to-e30-b15 |website=ethanolproducer.com}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
On 27 October 2023, a Marathi language biopic titled ''[[Gadkari (film)|Gadkari]]'' was released in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khapre |first1=Shubhangi |title=Role in BJP big picture uncertain, Nitin Gadkari gets a film break |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/role-in-bjp-big-picture-uncertain-nitin-gadkari-gets-a-film-break-8988629/ |access-date=2 November 2023 |work=The Indian Express |date=19 October 2023}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Make in India]]
* [[Highways in India]]
* [[List of ports in India|Ports in India]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Sources===
* {{citation |last=Mahurkar |first=Uday |author-link=Uday Mahurkar |title=Marching with a Billion: Analysing Narendra Modi's Government at Midterm |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BJ4kDwAAQBAJ |year=2017 |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |isbn=978-9-386-49584-6 }}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|Nitin Gadkari|display=Nitin Gadkari|q=no|wikt=no|v=no|voy=no|n=no|b=no|s=no|author=no|d=Q3504520}}

* [http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4923 Biography Profile] at Lok Sabha, Parliament of India
* [http://nitingadkari.org.in/ Official website] (personal)

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Coronation Park, Delhi

2026-03-15T12:25:18Z

Red apple learning: starting a post first draft

{{Short description|Park in Delhi, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox park
| name = Coronation Park
| image = Coronation Park, Delhi 51.JPG
| type = [[Urban park]]
| location = Delhi, India
| coordinates = {{Coord|28|43|23|N|77|11|49|E|region:IN-DL|display=inline,title}}
| area = {{convert|52|acre|ha km2}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Asrar |first=Nadim |date=3 May 2023 |title=Delhi’s Coronation Park a neglected site of India’s colonial past |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/3/delhis-coronation-park-a-neglected-site-of-indias-colonial-past |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>
| opened = {{Start date|1911}}
| operator = [[Delhi Development Authority]]
}}

'''Coronation Park''' is a park located at [[Outer Ring Road, Delhi|Burari Road]] near Nirankari Sarovar (''Formless Lake'') in [[Delhi]], [[India]]. It was the venue of the [[Delhi Durbar]] of 1877 when [[Queen Victoria]] was proclaimed the [[Empress of India]]. Later it was used to celebrate the accession of King [[Edward VII]] in 1903, and, finally, it was here that the [[Delhi Durbar#Durbar of 1911|Durbar]] commemorating the coronation of King [[George V]] as [[Emperor of India]] took place on 12 December 1911, subsequent to his coronation at [[Westminster Abbey]] in June 1911. This last celebration had all the [[princely state]]s in attendance. The decision to hold the Coronation Durbars in Delhi at the vast open ground at Coronation Park was a move to emphasise the historical significance of Delhi as the former capital of the [[Mughal Empire]].<ref name =delight>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2005/09/19/stories/2005091900870200.htm |title=A monumental delight for Delhites |access-date=2009-06-06 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=19 September 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309154004/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2005/09/19/stories/2005091900870200.htm |archive-date=9 March 2008 |url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref name=Charlotte>{{Cite web|url=http://www.charlottecory.com/travel/delhi_durbar.htm |title=The Delhi Durbar 1903 Revisited |author=Charlotte Corey |access-date=2009-06-06 |work=Sunday Times |date=29 December 2002 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513183442/http://www.charlottecory.com/travel/delhi_durbar.htm |archive-date=13 May 2009 }}</ref><ref name="Lucy">{{Cite book |author=Lucy Peck |url=https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no43813.htm |title=Delhi – A thousand years of Building |work= |publisher=Roli Books Pvt Ltd. |year=2005 |isbn=81-7436-354-8 |location=New Delhi |page=241 |quote=Though Calcutta was the capital, Delhi's historical significance persuaded the British to hold three Durbars here. The first was the imperial assemblage of 1877, which brought 70,000 people into Delhi, followed by the two coronation durbars of 1902–03 and 1911–12, both attended by even more people and the second by the King and Queen themselves. Each one was held at the same spot on open ground to the north of the Cantonment area. The encampments of all those attending spread for miles. The Viceroy and Governors of the various provinces were camped where [[Delhi University]] now stands and a light railway connected them with the [[Civil Lines]] in one direction and the Parade Ground and Proclamation dias on the other. |access-date=2009-06-06}}</ref><ref name="Rangan">{{cite news |last1=Datta |first1=Rangan |title=Coronation Park: Delhi's graveyard of colonial statues |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/coronation-park-delhis-graveyard-of-colonial-statues/cid/1848981 |access-date=16 October 2023 |agency=My Kolkata |publisher=The Telegraph |date=24 January 2022}}</ref>

Coronation Park has the largest and tallest statue of King George V. The statue was moved here in the mid-1960s from a site opposite [[India Gate]] in the centre of [[New Delhi]]. It is opposite an [[obelisk]] called the Coronation Memorial, which commemorates the 1911 Durbar, when George V laid the foundation stone for the new capital city of New Delhi.<ref name =delight/><ref name=Charlotte/><ref name="dupee">{{Cite book |author=Jeffrey N. Dupée |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u6024B6x_eoC&q=Coronation+Park+India&pg=PR7 |title=Traveling India in the Age of Gandhi |publisher=University Press of America |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7618-3949-1 |page=vii |chapter=Acknowledgements |access-date=2009-06-06}}</ref><ref name=Indian>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/coronation-park-legacy-of-the-raj/391210/3 |title=Coronation park: legacy of the Raj |access-date=2009-06-06 |work=The Indian Express|date=27 November 2008}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Delhi Durbar 1877.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Delhi Durbar]] of 1877. [[Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton|Lord Lytton]], the [[Viceroy of India]], is seated on the dais to the left.]]
[[Delhi]] was chosen as the site of the park because the city boasted a great historical legacy for such royal activities.<ref name=Charlotte/><ref name=Aarti/> The site was developed as a park and venue to hold the first Durbar, or imperial pageant, in Delhi under the supervision of the [[British Raj]]. Durbars were an "invented tradition" to showcase the prowess of the British by perpetuating a tradition of previous [[Hindu]], Muslim and [[Mughal (tribe)|Mughal]] rulers.<ref name=Aarti/> Three Durbars were held by the [[British monarchy]] during a period of forty years in the park, which was located near the soon to be created [[New Delhi]], just south of [[Shahjahanbad]].<ref name=Aarti/> The three Durbars were held near a ridge where the British won a great victory during the [[Indian rebellion of 1857]]. In addition, the location helped emphasise the grandeur of the British monarchy to the native rulers and the people who attended the Durbars.<ref name=Charlotte/><ref name=Aarti/>

===The first Durbar===

First Durbar, initiated by [[Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton|Lord Lytton]] (1831–1891), the then [[Viceroy of India]], was held on 1 January 1877 at the Coronation Park in Delhi to mark the proclamation of [[Queen Victoria]] as [[Empress of India]]. Lord Lytton conceived the procession in order to represent the [[British Raj]] as bringing "order and discipline, which was in (his) ideology part of the whole system of colonial control". The Durbar was an extravaganza of pomp and ceremony including a parade on a decorated elephant by Lord and Lady Lytton in the presence of nearly 70,000 people. The imperial gathering consisted of royalty from all the provinces of India and the most senior British dignitaries.<ref name=Charlotte/><ref name=Lucy/><ref name=Aarti/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1891/11/25/103352687.pdf |title=Death of Lord Lytton |work=The New York Times |date=25 November 1891}}</ref>

===The second Durbar===
[[File:DelhiDurbar LordCurzon.jpg|thumb|left|[[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Viceroy Curzon]] and [[Mary Victoria Leiter|Lady Curzon]] arriving at the [[Delhi Durbar]], 1903.]]
The second and third Durbars were held at the same location to celebrate the [[Coronation of the British monarch|Coronation]] of [[British Monarchs]]. The second Durbar was organised for 1 January 1903 to celebrate the [[Coronation of Edward VII and Alexandra|Coronation of King Edward VII]]. [[Lord Curzon]], the Viceroy and the chief architect of the show, planned meticulously what was considered an extravagant display of pomp and splendour.<ref name=Charlotte/>

Lord Curzon converted the drab and dry land of the park into a virtual tented city by establishing huge encampments with colourful tents. In this city of tents there was a variety of infrastructure including water, drainage, sanitation, electricity and rail communications supplied to the venue from different locations in the nearby city. Firework displays, exhibitions and glamorous dances were organised. Special postage stamps were issued on the occasion. Post offices, telegraph and telephone communications were provided. [[Field Marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] [[Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]], [[Commander-in-Chief, India]], organised daily parades, band practice and polo matches. The elite of the world media were present, but the intended Chief Guest, the [[King-Emperor]] himself, did not attend the celebrations held in his honour. Instead, he was represented by his brother, Field Marshal [[Prince Arthur, 1st Duke of Connaught and Strathearn]].

The [[Royal duke|Duke]] arrived from [[Bombay]] with a large contingent of dignitaries. The festivities lasted for a fortnight and the Delhi Durbar parade became a standard feature of early 20th century spectacle in India.<ref name=Charlotte/> The Viceroy and Governors of the various [[Provinces of British India|provinces]] and the [[Maharajas]] of [[princely states]] were present, bringing their large colourful entourages. The event was presided over by the Duke of Connaught and by Lord and [[Mary Curzon, Baroness Curzon of Kedleston|Lady Curzon]], the [[Viceroy]] and [[Vicereine]] of India. It is also said that more than 100,000 people attended the Durbar at Coronation Park. But this extravagant spectacle was dubbed as the 'Curzonization Durbar' as people suspected he regarded the occasion more as a celebration of his own viceregality than of the ascension of a new king.'<ref name=Charlotte/><ref name=Lucy/><ref name=live/>

===The third Durbar===
[[File:Coronation Park, Delhi 16.JPG|thumb|right|250px|King George V's statue was removed around August 1968 from the canopy opposite [[India Gate]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-09 |title='Netaji' sits in India Gate canopy vacated by King George V in 1968 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/netaji-sits-in-india-gate-canopy-vacated-by-king-george-v-in-1968/articleshow/94081120.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-03-02 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> It was relocated on a plinth in Coronation Park, directly opposite the [[Obelisk]].]]
The final Durbar was organised in 1911 at the same venue as the two previous ones. There was no disappointment for [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Lord Hardinge]], the Viceroy at the time, when he was authorised to plan the event by a [[British government]] communication which stated:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://archive.org/stream/coronationdurbar030742mbp/coronationdurbar030742mbp_djvu.txt |title=Coronation Durbar Delhi 1911 |access-date=2009-06-07}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|Royal intention to hold at Delhi on the twelfth day of December one thousand nine hundred and eleven an Imperial Durbar for the purpose of making known the said solemnity of Our Coronation and We do hereby charge and command Our right trusted and well beloved counsellor [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Charles Baron Hardinge of Penshurst]], Our Viceroy and Governor General of India, to take all necessary measures in that behalf.}}
Lord Hardinge organised the Durbar with great care and effort ensuring that everything was done with the utmost glitter and pomp since the [[King-Emperor]], [[George V]], was to attend. King George V was the first reigning [[Monarch of the United Kingdom]] to attend a Durbar. He was accompanied by [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]], his [[Queen Consort]]. The King-Emperor made many historical proclamations which paved the way for the present [[Edwin Lutyens]]-designed [[New Delhi]] to be built to the south west of [[Shahjahanabad]], the last [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] city of Delhi. King George V and his Queen sat on golden thrones under a golden umbrella on 11 December 1911 when they proclaimed that the capital of [[British India]] would be shifted from [[Calcutta]] to [[Delhi]].<ref name=Charlotte/><ref name=Lucy/><ref name=live>{{Cite web |url=http://www.livemint.com/2008/08/08002410/Revenge-of-the-native.html?pg=1 |title=Revenge of the native |access-date=2009-06-06 |publisher=Mint (Newspaper) |date= 8 August 2008}}</ref><ref name =story>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Coronation-park-cries-out-for-help/Article1-331231.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307130612/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Coronation-park-cries-out-for-help/Article1-331231.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 March 2012 |title= Coronation park cries out for help |access-date=2009-06-06 |work=Hindustan Times |date=8 August 2008}}</ref>

In 1911, an immense sum of £600,000 [[Pound sterling|stg.]] was approved for the Durbar and maintenance of the visiting local rulers. An additional £300,000 were supplied by the [[Government of India]] to pay for eighty thousand [[British Indian Army|Army]] troops in the parades and security for the event.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://meerutup.tripod.com/durbar/durbar39.html |title= Leaving Buckingham Palace for India |access-date=2009-06-07}}</ref> [[The Imperial, New Delhi|The Imperial Hotel]] in New Delhi, considered a legacy of the colonial times, continues to display pictures of the Durbar in a Coffee Shop named "1911".<ref name = lutyen>{{Cite web |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/old/fe/daily/20010130/fle28033.html |title=A space in the Durbar |access-date=2009-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925054948/http://www.financialexpress.com/old/fe/daily/20010130/fle28033.html |archive-date=25 September 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

After the Coronation Durbar, Edwin Lutyens (Sir Edwin from 1918) was authorised by Lord Hardinge to proceed with preparing plans for building New Delhi.<ref name = lutyen/> By shifting the capital to Delhi in 1912, as announced by the King in 1911, the British attempted to erase the memory of Mughal rule. Also, this return to Delhi emulated the practice followed by earlier pre-Islamic and the Mughal rulers who had established their own [[seven cities of Delhi|cities in Delhi]], a move meant to increase the British Imperial image.<ref name=Aarti>{{Cite web |url=https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/36922|title=Celebration of Place: processional rituals and urban form |work =Doctoral thesis: British Period |pages=78–80|author=Aarati K. Kanekar |publisher=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] |date=5 June 1992|hdl=1721.1/36922}}</ref>

===Other uses===

The [[Queen-Empress]], [[Mary of Teck]], bestowed the [[Kaisar-i-Hind Medal]] upon all the governors of the [[Provinces of British India|provinces]] during the 1911 Durbar at Coronation Park. Following the announcements, the Queen laid the foundation stone for the Viceroy's residence. However, the location was later not found suitable for building the Residency for the [[Viceroy]] since the area was in the flood prone zone of the [[Yamuna River]]. The stone was later shifted to [[Raisina Hill]]. The construction of Viceroy's House (as it was officially called), the present [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhavan]], was started after [[World War I]] and completed in 1931, when the City of New Delhi was inaugurated.<ref name=Charlotte/><ref name =story/>

==Coronation memorial==
[[File:Coronation Park, Delhi 27.JPG|right|thumb|250px|Commemorative [[Obelisk]] erected at the exact place where King [[George V]] and [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]] sat in [[Durbar (court)|Durbar]] of 1911, and declared the shifting of the capital of the [[British Raj]] from [[Calcutta]] to [[Delhi]]]]
The [[Coronation of the British monarch|Coronation]] Memorial erected as an [[obelisk]] in the sprawling Coronation Park is made of [[sandstone]]. It is erected over a high raise square [[plinth]] with steps on all four sides. The memorial has been erected at exactly the same location where all the three British Durbars were held in the past. The inscription on the Memorial testifies the final Durbar event and states:<ref name=Charlotte/><ref name=Lucy/><ref name =story/> {{Blockquote|Here on the 12th Day of December 1911, His Imperial Majesty King George V, Emperor of India accompanied by the Queen Empress in solemn Durbar announced in person to the Governors, Princes and Peoples of India his Coronation celebrated in England on the 22nd day of June 1911 and received from them their dutiful homage and allegiance.}}

Today, the park is a well-guarded open space whose desolateness stands in stark contrast with the heavy traffic of northern Delhi's urban sprawl. The park is occasionally used for major religious festivals and municipal conventions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.the-south-asian.com/Oct2001/Junkyard_of_statues.htm |title=Coronation Park |access-date=2009-06-07 |author=Mukherjee Sanjeeb |publisher=CORONATION PARK – the Raj junkyard, the-south-Asian.com |year=2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624111205/http://www.the-south-asian.com/Oct2001/Junkyard_of_statues.htm |archive-date=24 June 2008 }}</ref>

==Post-independence==
Following the [[independence of India]] on 15 August 1947, the park has become the final resting place for some of the statues of former [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British kings]], governors and officials of the [[British Raj]]. The statues were moved from various locations (including [[Rajpath]]) to the red stone [[plinth]]s built in the park's specially designed enclosures, just opposite the Obelisk. The largest and tallest statue, a {{convert|15|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} high [[marble]] statue designed by Sir [[Edwin Lutyens]], is opposite to the Obelisk commemorating the Durbar and is the tallest statue of King George V.<ref name=Charlotte/><ref name="dupee" /><ref name="Indian"/> His statue had earlier stood atop a [[canopy (building)|canopy]] in front of the [[India Gate]], which now holds a statue of Netaji [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] ever since 8 September 2022.

Nineteen pedestals were built to install the displaced statues but only five are fixed, while the remaining plinths are vacant. Some of the statues were stolen or damaged, whilst several of the statues expected to populate the plinths were retained by the communities in which they were first installed. King George's statue, though it appears forlorn in the sparse field, is well maintained.<ref name=Charlotte/><ref name="Indian"/> The other statues, which all originated in Delhi, stand arranged in a semicircle around the King's statue. They are those of Sir [[Guy Fleetwood Wilson]] and Viceroys [[Lord Willingdon]], [[Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax|Lord Irwin]] and [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Lord Hardinge]]. However, there are no inscriptions indicating the names of the other individuals depicted here.<ref name=Charlotte/><ref name=dupee/>

The park is enclosed by high steel fencing, whose well guarded entrance gate has a plaque which proclaims:<ref name=Charlotte/><ref name=Lucy/><ref name=Indian/>
{{Blockquote|This memorial was erected to commemorate the Coronation Durbar of King George V and Queen Mary held in December 1911. On this occasion the King announced the transfer of the capital of British India from Calcutta to Delhi.}}

==Conservation measures==
In 2005, the [[Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage]] (INTACH) and [[Government of Delhi]] resolved to restore Coronation Park, which was in a state of neglect.<ref name=express>{{Cite web |url=http://cities.expressindia.com/local-news/archivefullstory.php?newsid=194753&creation_date=2006-07-30 |title=Long way to go for Park revamp |access-date=2009-06-06 |publisher=Express India |date=29 July 2005 }}{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

INTACH has also decided to complete the heritage corridor along with also improving and standardising the signs on Delhi's roads from Coronation Park in the north to [[Qutab Minar]] in south as part of the beautification of Delhi before the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/delhi-to-get-heritage-corridor_100139796.html |title= Delhi to get 'heritage corridor' |access-date=2009-06-07 |publisher=Thaindian |date=8 January 2009}}</ref>

[[Delhi Development Authority]] (DDA) has prepared a Draft Zonal Development Plan for Zone – "C" (Civil Lines Zone) which includes the Conservation & Heritage of the precincts of the Coronation Pillar. DDA expects to develop it as a tourist spot since it is very close to the [[National Highway (India)|National Highway]] 1 (NH 1) bypass. It is also intended to develop the area around the Nirankari Sarovar, which has been earmarked for green/water body with sports facilities.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dda.org.in/planning/docs/Zone-C,Report040108.pdf |title= Draft Zonal Development Plan for Zone – "C" (Civil Lines Zone) |access-date=2009-06-07}}</ref> In 2017, however, after missing several project deadlines, the park largely remained in a state of neglect.<ref name=106_anniv>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2017/dec/17/on-106th-anniversary-of-new-delhi-coronation-pillar-stands-defaced-1729624.html|title=On 106th anniversary of New Delhi, Coronation Pillar stands defaced |access-date=2017-12-17 |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=17 December 2017}}</ref>

==Access==
During the Durbar in 1911, and also the previous ones held at the same open ground to the north of the [[cantonment]], light railway lines were laid connecting the [[Civil Lines]] on one side where the Viceroy and governors had camped and another line leading to the parade ground and the proclamation podium.<ref name=Lucy/>

The park is located on the Bhai Parmanand Marg (Road), also called [[Burari]] Road, in the crowded urban sprawls of North Delhi, {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on|1}} north of [[Kingsway Camp]], {{convert|17|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} from Delhi. Bhai Paramanand Road branches from the Mall Road or the [[Karnal]] Road in Civil Lines of Kingsway camp of Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hnn.us/roundup/entries/18859.html |title= Indian government to preserve Coronation Park, monument to the British Raj |access-date=2009-06-07}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Coronation Park, Delhi 04.JPG|Entrance to the Coronation Park
File:Coronation Park, Delhi 53.JPG|Statue of [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Lord Hardinge of Penshurst]], [[Governor-General of India|Viceroy of India]] (1910–1916)
File:Coronation Park, Delhi 42.JPG|Statue of [[Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford|Lord Chelmsford]], [[Governor-General of India|Viceroy of India]] (1916–1921)
File:Coronation Park, Delhi 24.JPG|Statue of [[Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax|Lord Irwin]], [[Governor-General of India|Viceroy of India]] (1926–1931)
File:Coronation_Park%2C_Delhi_15.JPG|Statue of [[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon|Lord Willingdon]], [[Governor-General of India|Viceroy of India]] (1931–1936)
File:British_royalty_statue_at_Coronation_Park_1.jpg|Bust of Sir [[John Lewis Jenkins]]
File:Empty plinths at Coronation Park1.JPG|There are more empty plinths than statues
File:Durbar Procession in 1903.jpg|A View of the [[Delhi Durbar]] Procession of 1903
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930132626/http://www.charlottecory.com/travel/delhi_durbar.htm The Delhi Durbar 1903 Revisited]

[[Category:Parks in Delhi]]
[[Category:British colonial architecture in India]]
[[Category:1911 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1911]]
[[Category:Monument cemeteries]]

Madhavi Nimkar

2026-03-14T22:01:58Z

Red apple learning: new a stub

{{Short description|Marathi actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Madhavi Nemkar
| image =
| alt =
| spouse = {{marriage|Vikrant Kulkarni|2014}}
| partner =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|05|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Khopoli]], [[India]]
| occupation = [[Actress]]
| years_active = 2004{{ndash}}present
| website =
| children = Ruben Kulkarni
| image size =
}}
'''Madhvi Nemkar''' (born 17 May 1984) is a [[Marathi people|Marathi]] actress. She is well known for her villainous roles, including playing Shalini in ''[[Sukh Mhanje Nakki Kay Asta!]]'' and ''[[Hum To Tere Aashiq Hai]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-03 |title=Sukh Mhanje Nakki Kay Asta: Shalini Shirke Patil is back, Madhavi Nimkar shares her excitement |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/sukh-mhanje-nakki-kay-asta-shalini-shirke-patil-is-back-madhavi-nimkar-shares-her-excitement/articleshow/106510874.cms |access-date=2024-02-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-05 |title=Kiran Gaikwad to Madhavi Nimkar: Marathi TV actors who are popular for their negative roles onscreen |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/kiran-gaikwad-to-madhavi-nimkar-marathi-tv-actors-who-are-popular-for-their-negative-roles-onscreen/photostory/83254867.cms |access-date= |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Early career ==
Nemkar's journey in the entertainment industry began when she accompanied her cousin, [[Sonali Khare]], to ETV's office. It was there that Santosh Ayachit spotted her and offered her the opportunity to host the show ''Gaane Tumche Aamche'' on channel [[Colors Marathi|ETV Marathi]]. This marked her debut project and paved the way for her future endeavors.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-19 |title=Madhavi Nimkar and Sonali Khare are-real-life-sisters-chala-hawa-yeu-dya-fame-actor-also-his-brother-a-a734/ |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/madhavi-nemkar-and-sonali-are-real-life-sisters-chala-hawa-yeu-dya-fame-actor-also-his-brother-a-a734/ |access-date= |website=LOKMAT |language=mr}}</ref>

== Acting career ==
Nemkar initially ventured into acting through theater, starring in plays such as ''Shahanyani Khave Basun'', ''Surakshit Antar Theva'' (for which she received awards for Best Supporting Actress), ''Baykochya Nakalat'', ''Pehchan Kaun'', and ''Get Well Soon''.{{fact|date=December 2024}}

She transitioned to television, captivating audiences with her performances in popular serials like ''[[Swapnanchya Palikadle]]'', ''Agnishikha'', ''[[Hya Gojirwanya Gharat]]'', ''[[Jawai Vikat Ghene Aahe]]'' and ''[[Kunku (TV series)|Kunku]]''. Additionally, she appeared in serials like ''Goshta Eka Collegechi'', ''Oon Paaus'' and ''Anamika''.{{fact|date=December 2024}}

Nemkar also made notable cameo appearances, including one in Zee Marathi's acclaimed show ''[[Majhya Navaryachi Bayko]]''. She also played a vamp in famous serials like ''[[Pudhcha Paaul]]'' and ''[[Swapnanchya Palikadle]]''. She is currently seen in ''[[Sukh Mhanje Nakki Kay Asta!|Sukh Mhanje Nakki Kay Asta]]'' playing a vamp role named Shalini.<ref>{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=एबीपी माझा एंटरटेनमेंट |title='सुख म्हणजे नक्की काय असतं' मालिकेत होणार शालिनी शिर्केपाटीलची एन्ट्री |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/sukh-mhanje-nakki-kay-asta-marathi-serial-latest-update-shalini-shirkepatil-entry-in-the-serial-again-looks-modern-marathi-actress-madhavi-nimkar-comeback-know-television-entertainment-latest-update-1243436 |access-date= |website=ABP Marathi |date=3 January 2024 |language=mr}}</ref> She also received an award for this character as Best Negative Character.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marathi |first=TV9 |date=2021-04-05 |title=Star Pravah Parivaar {{!}} स्टार प्रवाह परिवारमध्ये अरुंधती, माऊ, जयदीप सर्वोत्तम; विजेत्यांची संपूर्ण यादी |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/star-pravah-parivaar-awards-2021-winners-full-list-431598.html |access-date= |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|2009
|''Baykocha Nakalatach''
|
|Debut film
|-
|2010
|''Asa Mee Tasa Mee''
|Saraswati Salunkhe
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011
|''Dhava Dhav''
|Hema
|
|-
|''[[Sagla Karun Bhagle]]''
|Sarita
|
|-
|2014
|''[[Sangharsh (2014 film)|Sangharsh]]''
|Radhika
|<ref>{{Cite news |title='Sangharsh' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/rajesh-shringarpures-marathi-movies-you-should-watch/sangharsh/photostory/64763759.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|''[[Pawankhind]]''
|Gautamabai Deshpande
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-04 |title='पावनखिंड'ला मिळालेल्या प्रतिसादानंतर माधवी निमकरची भावनिक पोस्ट |url=https://www.loksatta.com/web-stories/entertainment/marathi-actress-madhavi-nemkar-shares-emotional-post-after-pawankhind-movie-success-kak-96/ |access-date= |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sher Shivraj]]''
|[[Soyarabai]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-18 |title=Sukh Mhanje Nakki Kay Asta's Madhavi Nimkar in Digpal Lanjekar's Sher Shivaji |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sukh-mhanje-nakki-kay-astas-madhavi-nimkar-in-digpal-lanjekars-sher-shivaji-5007391.html |access-date= |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Channel
!Ref.
|-
|2004
|''Gaane Tumache Amache''
|Host
|[[ETV Marathi]]
|
|-
|2005-2006
|''Oon Paaus''
|Madhavi
|[[Zee Marathi]]
|
|-
|2006-2009
|''[[Char Divas Sasuche]]''
|Prajakta
|[[ETV Marathi]]
|
|-
|2009-2010
|''[[Kunku (TV series)|Kunku]]''
|Vanita
|[[Zee Marathi]]
|
|-
|2011
|''[[Pudhcha Paaul]]''
|Shweta
| rowspan="2" |[[Star Pravah]]
|
|-
|2011-2014
|''[[Swapnanchya Palikadle]]''
|Anvita Patkar
|<ref>{{Cite news |date= |title=Madhavi Kulkarni to play double role in Swapnanchya Palikadle |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/madhavi-kulkarni-swapnanchya-palikadle-chinmay-udgirkar-gauri-nalawade/articleshow/25427346.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2014-2015
|''[[Jawai Vikat Ghene Aahe]]''
|Mukund's wife
| rowspan="3" |[[Zee Marathi]]
|
|-
|2017
|''[[Majhya Navaryachi Bayko]]''
|Devika
|
|-
|2017-2018
|''[[Hum To Tere Aashiq Hai]]''
|Shalini Gupte
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= December 2017|title=Hum To Tere Aashiq Hai - Zee Marathi Serial |url=https://marathistars.com/tv-serial/hum-to-tere-aashiq-hai-zee-marathi-serial/ |access-date= |website=MarathiStars |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''[[The Raikar Case]]''
|Sonia Mehra
|[[Voot]]
|
|-
|2020-2024
|''[[Sukh Mhanje Nakki Kay Asta!]]''
|Shalini Shirke-Patil
|[[Star Pravah]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-03 |title=Sukh Mhanje Nakki Kay Asta: Shalini Shirke Patil is back, Madhavi Nimkar shares her excitement |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/sukh-mhanje-nakki-kay-asta-shalini-shirke-patil-is-back-madhavi-nimkar-shares-her-excitement/articleshow/106510874.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/sukh-mhanje-nakki-kay-asta-madhavi-nimkar-is-fitness-freak-know-about-actress-1187448 |title=Sukh Mhanje Nakki Kay Asta Madhavi Nimkar is Fitness freak know about actress |language=mr |website=[[ABP Majha]] |date=26 June 2023 |access-date=2024-02-12}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/madhavi-nimkar-and-sonali-are-real-life-sisters-chala-hawa-yeu-dya-fame-actor-also-his-brother-a-a734/ |title=Madhavi Nimkar and Sonali are real life sisters Chala Hawa Yeu Dya fame actor also his brother |language=mr |website=[[Lokmat]] |date=19 September 2023 |access-date=2024-02-12}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.esakal.com/ampstories/web-story/madhavi-nimkar-marathi-tv-actress-latest-cool-look-photoshoot-aak11 |title=Madhavi Nimkar |language=mr |website=[[Sakal]] |access-date=2024-02-12}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nimkar, Madhavi}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Marathi actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi television]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Mickey Mehta

2026-03-13T05:32:18Z

Red apple learning: new info

{{Multiple issues|
{{Promotional|date=April 2022}}
{{COI|date=April 2022}}
}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dr. Mickey Mehta
| image = Mickey Mehta.jpg
| image_size = 150px
| caption = Mickey Mehta attending a wellness seminar
| birth_date = {{Birth date |1962|08|29}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]
| other_names =
| known_for = [[Holistic Health|Holistic health]], [[yoga]], equipment-free Yo workouts, [[health]] and [[fitness coach]]
| occupation =
}}
'''Mickey Mehta''' (born 29 August 1962) is a [[Life coach|Life Coach]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/Holistic-guru-Mickey-Mehta-celebrates-30-at-50/articleshow/15890209.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140305041045/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-29/people/33451402_1_wellness-health-sciences-fitness|url-status=live|archive-date=5 March 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Holistic guru Mickey Mehta celebrates 30 at 50|date=29 August 2012 |access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="mickeymehtahbf.com">{{cite web | url=http://www.mickeymehtahbf.com/about-mickey-mehta/ | title=Holistic Health Guru, Holistic Health and Wellness – Mickey Mehta | access-date=23 April 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216060752/http://www.mickeymehtahbf.com/about-mickey-mehta | archive-date=16 December 2018 | url-status=usurped }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Rohinton Mehta was born into a middle-class Parsi family. His father worked as a banker, and his mother served as a secretary. He was raised in [[Grant Road (South Mumbai, India)|Grant Road]], [[Mumbai]]. He completed his education at [[Bhonsala Military School]] in [[Nashik]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/from-grant-road-to-grand-success/178928|title=From Grant Road to grand success!|date=28 August 2012|work=mid-day|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boystown.in|title=Welcome to Boys' Town School & Jr. College - Nashik|work=boystown.in|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_TOINEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOIBG/2010/02/07&ID=Pc04808|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413154730/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_TOINEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOIBG/2010/02/07&ID=Pc04808|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 April 2014|title=Mickey Mehta, holistic fitness expert While I advise my clients on fitness, incorporating Ayurveda and the wisdom of the Vedas, my own health is closely monitored by Ayurvedic grandmaster Dr Omkar Bilgi. For the last three years, he has monitored my diet and used massages and herbs to help me in my goal of retaining lifelong vigour and vitality. When I exercise, I take the help of yoga grandmasters to help me stretch, and offer me tips. My aim is to be as healthy as BK Iyengar is at 90.|work=timesofindia.com|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Mickey Mehta Dna iCan.jpg|thumb|right|Mickey Mehta (right) and [[Abhishek Bachchan]] (left) at the Dna iCan Women's Marathon held at Bandra Kurla Complex on 9 March 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaican.com|title=dna ICAN - dna|publisher=|access-date=26 December 2015}}</ref>]]
[[File:Mickey Mehta interviewing Jaggi Vasudev at the Palladium Hotel in Lower Parel, Mumbai.jpg|thumb|right|Mickey Mehta interviewing [[Jaggi Vasudev]] at the Palladium Hotel, Mumbai on 29 March 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mickeymehtahbf.wordpress.com/2014/04/22/mickey-mehta-interviewing-in-an-in-depth-conversation-with-sadhguru-jaggi-vasudeva/|title=MICKEY MEHTA – Interviewing & in an in-depth conversation with Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudeva - MICKEY MEHTA'S Blog|work=MICKEY MEHTA'S Blog|date=22 April 2014|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref>]]
[[File:Mickey Mehta guiding doctors on overall wellness at the Nair Dental College.jpg|thumb|right|Mickey Mehta addressed doctors on the subject of 'Medicine Cures, Nature heals' at the Nair Dental College on 7 April 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tnmcnair.com|title=TNMC & Nair ch. Hospital|work=tnmcnair.com|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref>]]

== Career ==
He began his career as a [[Black belt (martial arts)|black-belt]] [[martial arts]] instructor in 1983,<ref name="idiva.com">{{cite web|url=http://idiva.com/experts-health/mickey-mehta/24|title=Women's Beauty, Style, Fitness, Entertainment, Lifestyle, Relationships, Careers - iDiva.com|work=iDiva.com|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref><ref>Newspaper – 'Afternoon' – 30 March 2011</ref> and simultaneously worked as a personal trainer and door-to-door masseur. His next recruitment was in 1984 at Ramada Plaza Palm Grove, a property of [[Ramada International]] chain of hotels,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ramadaplaza-juhu.com/index.asp|title=Ramada Plaza Palm Grove Five Star Business Hotels in Mumbai Juhu India|author=Ramada Plaza Palm Grove|work=ramadaplaza-juhu.com|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref> as a health club manager, followed by his employment at The [[Holiday Inn]], Muscat-Al Madinah, [[Oman]] with a similar job profile. Thereafter, he returned to [[Mumbai]] to become a [[health club]] manager for The [[Oberoi Trident]] at [[Nariman Point]], where he worked for five years. He started his solo career in 1993 and launched the 'Learn [[Swimming]] in 24 hours' programme which received press coverage and found its way to ''The Limca Book of World Records – 1995''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/press_releases/detail/45947|title=Mickey Mehta plans to launch region's first 360° Wellness Center in UAE|date=7 April 2008 |publisher=|access-date=26 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mickeymehtahbf.com/about-mickey-mehta/|title=Holistic Health Guru, Holistic Health and Wellness – Mickey Mehta|work=Free Diet Plans, Health Tips, Yoga, Holistic Health Guru|access-date=13 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216060752/http://www.mickeymehtahbf.com/about-mickey-mehta|archive-date=16 December 2018|url-status=usurped}}</ref> He was featured in the ''Smart People Magazine'' where he spoke about [[Holistic Health|holistic health]] and wellness representing the '[[World Health Day]]'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smartpeople.co/full-magazine/|title=Full Magazine|work=Smart People|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref> In 1993, he was assigned to serve as a coach for [[Femina Miss India]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mickeymehtahbf.com/about-mickey-mehta/making-winners/femina-miss-india-pageant/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822012254/http://www.mickeymehtahbf.com/about-mickey-mehta/making-winners/femina-miss-india-pageant/ | url-status=usurped | archive-date=22 August 2015 | title=Femina Miss India Pageant | access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref> and also started off as a wellness coach for media barons, [[Bollywood]] industry and the industrialists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/life-style/food/celebrity-health-gurus-spill-trade-secrets-1.1053293|title=Celebrity health gurus spill trade secrets|author=Manjusha Radhakrishnan, Senior Reporter|work=gulfnews.com|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref> In 2003, he inaugurated Mickey Mehta’s 360 degree Gyms which are promoted as wellness temples. The first branch was established at [[Hughes Road]], [[Mumbai]], in April 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asklaila.com/listing/Mumbai/Grant+Road/Mickey+Mehta+Health+Club/0pUjMpPm/|title=Mickey Mehta Health Club|work=asklaila|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref> The brand later expanded to 12 wellness temples that include facilities such as swimming and equipment-free training such as [[yoga]], [[breathing exercises]], [[meditation]], [[chant]]ing, [[Training camp|boot camp]], [[calisthenics]], [[aerobics]], [[agility drill]]s and lifestyle counselling.<ref name="mickeymehtahbf.com1">{{cite web |title=Fitness Centre in Mumbai, Wellness Centres |url=http://www.mickeymehtahbf.com/contact-us.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224183705/http://www.mickeymehtahbf.com/contact-us.php |url-status=usurped |archive-date=24 December 2011 |access-date=26 October 2015 |work=Free Diet Plans, Health Tips, Yoga, Holistic Health Guru}}</ref> Mehta's centers are known for providing a discount that is equal to his age during August and September every year. The seasonal offer is always promoted as 'Mickey Mehta's Birthday Offer'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onlineprnews.com/news/413853-1377697543-mickey-mehta-kick-starts-next-halfcentury-with-wellness.html|title=Mickey Mehta Kick Starts Next Half-Century With 'Wellness'|work=onlineprnews.com|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mumbai.quikr.com/Get-52-Off-on-Annual-Membership-at-Mickey-Mehta-s-Gym-W0QQAdIdZ178996846 |title=Get 52% off on Annual Membership at Mickey Mehta's Gym! In Grant Road, Mumbai Health - Fitness on Mumbai Quikr Classifieds |access-date=5 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085354/http://mumbai.quikr.com/Get-52-Off-on-Annual-Membership-at-Mickey-Mehta-s-Gym-W0QQAdIdZ178996846 |archive-date=6 October 2014 }}</ref> He started his online website in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mickeymehtahbf.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051215045550/http://www.mickeymehtahbf.com/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=15 December 2005|title=India Diet Plans, Free Health Tips, Yoga, Holistic Health Guru|work=Free Diet Plans, Health Tips, Yoga, Holistic Health Guru|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref> He has contributed his work on [[Radio Mirchi]], [[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]], [[Radio One (India)]] and [[Red FM 93.5]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fitgujarat.in/authors/53 |title=Fit Gujarat - Mickey Mehta |access-date=2014-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140305041016/http://www.fitgujarat.in/authors/53 |archive-date=5 March 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="achievements">{{cite web|url=http://www.mickeymehtahbf.com/about-mickey-mehta/achievements/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516033754/http://www.mickeymehtahbf.com/about-mickey-mehta/achievements/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=16 May 2015|title=Achievements|work=Free Diet Plans, Health Tips, Yoga, Holistic Health Guru|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://newstodaynet.com/business/health-guru-mickey-mehta-now-radio-one|title=Health guru Mickey Mehta is now on Radio One|work=News Today|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref> and has also offered advice in discussions forums on websites such as [[MSN]] and idiva.com.<ref name="idiva.com"/> Mehta is an author of the book ''Garbaghyan'', which he compiled in association with the National Association for the Blind.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solarisimages.com/image_details.php?id=63867|title=SOLARIS IMAGES::Mickey Mehta release a braille book for pregnant women details|work=solarisimages.com|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allvoices.com/news/13733964-fitness-guru-mickey-mehta-educates-the-visually-impaired |title=Fitness guru Mickey Mehta educates the visually impaired |website=www.allvoices.com |access-date=2 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140305092942/http://www.allvoices.com/news/13733964-fitness-guru-mickey-mehta-educates-the-visually-impaired |archive-date=5 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nabindia.org/search.aspx?q%3Dmickey+mehta%26cx%3D001277271173443617881%3A3mj3djjmwwk%26cof%3DFORID%3A10 |title=Search Results: National Association for the Blind |access-date=28 January 2014 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305124254/http://www.nabindia.org/search.aspx?q=mickey%2Bmehta&cx=001277271173443617881%3A3mj3djjmwwk&cof=FORID%3A10 |archive-date=5 March 2014 }}</ref> He partners with the DNA iCan Marathon event every year as a wellness partner through which he motivates and mentors all participants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epaper.dnaindia.com/story.aspx?id=76564&boxid=35585&ed_date=2015-03-03&ed_code=820009&ed_page=3|title=Success comes from self-belief|work=dnaindia.com|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref> Mickey Mehta was a brand ambassador for the German fitness equipment Company Milon for one year. The equipment was used by [[Salman Khan]] and [[Kareena Kapoor]] during the making of the [[Bollywood]] movie ''[[Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film)|Bodyguard]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buzzintown.com/venue-review--sallus-bodyguard-makes-way-intl-fitness-brands/show--full/id--3522.html|title=Sallus bodyguard Makes Way For Intl Fitness Brands - Buzzintown|author=Mandeep Puri, Buzz Bureau|work=buzzintown.com|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mickeymehtahbf.com/about/press-snippets/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141113093419/http://www.mickeymehtahbf.com/about/press-snippets/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=13 November 2014|title=Press Snippets|work=Free Diet Plans, Health Tips, Yoga, Holistic Health Guru|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref> He is currently{{When|date=December 2015}} producing a documentary film on [[Gandhiji]]'s life and his inclination towards healing with naturopathy. The short documentary will be titled ''Gandhi- The Healer''.<ref name="mumbaimirror.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/columns/mumbai-001/Out-standing/articleshow/36405054.cms|title=Out standing|work=Mumbai Mirror|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref> The film explores Gandhi's life as a healer. For the film, Mehta interviewed many experts, historians, and spiritual gurus, for their inputs. The film was slated to release on 2 October, [[Gandhiji]]'s [[October 2|birth anniversary]].<ref name="mumbaimirror.com"/><ref>{{cite web | author=Nikita Bhalla | date=21 August 2015 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/wellness/story/ayurveda-diet-micky-mehta-indians-289455-2015-08-21 |title=Mickey Mehta: We've adopted Western diet trends instead of Indian : Wellness, News - India Today | work=India Today | access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref>










==Initiatives==
He launched "''Heal the World Initiative"'' on 24 August 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afternoondc.in/health-fitness/know-more-yoga-for-household-help/article_67052|title=Know more: Yoga for household help|work=afternoondc.in|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref> On 12 February 2013, Mehta launched a braille book with wellness tips for pregnant and lactating women. The book was launched in collaboration with the Director of National Association for the Blind and was titled ''Swasthya Aur Aarogya''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-fitness-guru-mickey-mehta-educates-the-visually-impaired-1785373|title=Fitness guru Mickey Mehta educates the visually impaired|date=4 January 2013|work=dna|access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref> On 15 February 2014, Mehta along with dress designer Maheka Mirpuri launched the MCan, a charitable foundation at the [[Tata Memorial Hospital]] (TMH) for providing financial assistance to the underprivileged towards cure for [[cancer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Maheka-Mirpuri-with-Mickey-Mehta-to-provide-holistic-care-for-cancer-patients/articleshow/30532651.cms|title=Maheka Mirpuri with Mickey Mehta to provide holistic care for cancer patients|work=The Times of India|date=17 February 2014 |access-date=26 October 2015}}</ref> Mickey Mehta initiated the launch of a department called Wellness Temple at the Masina Hospital in [[Byculla]] ([[Mumbai]]). The launch took place on 5 June 2014.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pharmabiz.com/NewsDetails.aspx?aid=82285&sid=2 | title=Mickey Mehta launches wellness temple at Masina Hospital | website=pharmabiz.com | date=5 June 2014 | access-date=26 December 2015}}</ref> On 3 April 2016, Mehta along with actress [[Anita Raj]] extended their support for World Autism Awareness Campaign month and to respect that, Khushi, a pediatric therapy center located in [[Mumbai]], held Cause-a-thon, a special 7-kilometer and 1-kilometre marathon at Taj Lands End.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.equitybulls.com/admin/news2006/news_det.asp?id=182540 | title= Mickey Mehta supports World Autism Awareness Campaign | website=equitybulls.com | date=3 April 2016 | access-date=3 April 2016}}</ref> [[PepsiCo]] launched [[7 Up]] Revive along with Mickey Mehta at [[Hyderabad]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://tvnews4u.in/pepsico-launches-7-up-revive-along-with-mickey-mehta/ | title=Pepsico launches 7 UP Revive along with Mickey Mehta | tvnews4u | website=tvnews4u.in | date= 17 March 2016| access-date=21 April 2016}}</ref> Mehta along with Gymtrekker announced the second-biggest fitness party at Radio Bar Khar on 3 April 2016.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/dawn-fitness-parties-have-arrived-and-mumbaikars-are-loving-it/17120189 | title=fitness parties with Mickey mehta & dawn trekker | website=mid-day.com | date=3 April 2016 | access-date=10 April 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mehta, Mickey}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Indian yoga teachers]]
[[Category:Indian male martial artists]]
[[Category:Indian nutritionists]]
[[Category:Indian popular science writers]]
[[Category:Parsi people from Mumbai]]

Vocational university

2026-03-12T21:38:10Z

Red apple learning: cleanup

{{Short description|Degree-granting applied professional education institution}}
{{Distinguish|Vocational school|3=Technical school}}
{{for|the type of institution in Finland|University of applied sciences (Finland)}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2020}}
[[File:Fachhochschule Köln - Campus Südstadt, GWZ-2984.jpg|thumb|Building of Cologne University of Applied Sciences]]
[[File:The Hague University of Applied Sciences 20.jpg|thumb|Building of The Hague University of Applied Sciences]]
[[File:Breda University of Applied Sciences P1330923copy.jpg|thumb|Building of Breda University of Applied Sciences]]
A '''vocational university''' or '''university of applied sciences''' ('''UAS'''), less commonly called a '''polytechnic university'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Books Ngram Viewer |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=vocational+university,university+of+applied+sciences,polytechnic+university,technological+educational+institute,+&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1;,vocational%20university;,c0;.t1;,university%20of%20applied%20sciences;,c0;.t1;,polytechnic%20university;,c0 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=books.google.com |language=en}}</ref> is an institution of [[higher education]] and increasingly research that provides applied professional education and grants [[academic degree]]s. It should not be confused with [[vocational school]]s or [[technical school]]s that do not meet the strict standards of higher education nor have the ability to grant officially accredited academic degrees.

In some countries, a vocational university more precisely grants [[professional degree]]s like professional bachelor's degree, professional master's degree and professional doctorates. The term is not officially used in many countries, and an assignment to a certain type of university in a certain country's educational system is therefore difficult. The UK once had a very extensive vocational university sector with its polytechnic system dating back to the mid-19th century. Vocational universities are often regulated and funded differently (for example, by the local government rather than the state) from research-focused universities, and the degrees granted are not necessarily interchangeable.

==Education==
{{See also|Vocational school}}
The education at vocational universities combines teaching of both practical skills and theoretical expertise. It can be contrasted with education in a usually broader [[science|scientific]] field, which may concentrate on [[theory]] and abstract [[concept]]ual knowledge. There is also the historical background that an educational institution was called a [[medieval university|university]] in the [[Middle Ages]] only if a certain classical [[wiktionary:canon|canon]] of subjects was taught (typically including [[philosophy]], [[medicine]] and [[theology]]). In modern times, other subjects, namely [[natural science|natural]] and [[engineering]] sciences, became more important, but institutions of [[tertiary education]] focusing on these subjects and not offering the classical canon have been until recently or are still denied the prestigious denomination "university" in all countries. They had to use other, more general terms (which in many languages are [[false friend]]s of the English term "high school", sometimes with modifiers), including {{Lang|de|[[Fachhochschule]]}} in [[German language|German]], {{Lang|fr|Haute École}} in [[French language|French]] ([[Belgium]] and [[Switzerland]]), {{Lang|nl|Hogeschool}} in [[Dutch language|Dutch]], {{Lang|no|Høyskole}} in [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], {{Lang|it|Scuola universitaria professionale}} in [[Italian language|Italian]], etc.

There are different varieties, including vocational universities of applied sciences (also named [[polytechnic (disambiguation)|polytechnic]]s or [[institutes of technology]]), vocational universities of liberal arts, etc. In recent years, many vocational universities have received full university status, such as the [[University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna]], [[Austria]] (Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst Wien, formerly Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst Wien), or the [[Örebro University]], [[Sweden]] (formerly Örebro Högskola). There are also some establishments which now have full university status but continue to use their former names, such as the [[Royal Institute of Technology]] in [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]].

==In Europe==

===Austria ===
{{Main|Fachhochschule}}

===Finland===
{{Main|University of applied sciences (Finland)}}
In Finland, vocational universities are called {{lang|fi|Ammattikorkeakoulu}} (Yrkeshögskola in Swedish, translated "university of applied sciences", literally "vocational institution of higher education"). They focus on vocational education and do not grant [[Licentiate (degree)|licentiate]] or [[doctorate]] degrees.

Certain universities are called ''korkeakoulu'' because they effectively have only one faculty, e.g. ''Teatterikorkeakoulu'', the Theatre Academy, whereas universities with several faculties are called ''yliopisto''. The term ''ammattikorkeakoulu'' (AMK) creates some confusion with ''korkeakoulu'', because traditionally AMK's were not considered universities. A graduate of university of applied sciences (''ammattikorkeakoulu'') is eligible for doctoral studies in Finnish universities (''yliopisto'').

=== France ===
{{Main|Grande école}}
In France, the term "''Grande École''" is much more prestigious than "university". A "''Grande École''" is one of the types of higher education institution that can be similar to vocational universities, along with [[Universities of technology|Universities of Technology]] (UTs) and [[National Polytechnic Institutes (France)|National Polytechnic Institutes]] (INPs). According to ''Campus France'', the government agency responsible for promoting [[Higher education in France|French higher education]] abroad, the ''grandes écoles'' represent "the French culture of excellence", while the universities offer higher education to all.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The different types of Institutes of Higher Education in France |url=https://www.egypte.campusfrance.org/en/the-different-types-of-institutes-of-higher-education-in-france |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=Campus France |language=en}}</ref>

===Germany===
{{Main|Fachhochschule}}
The term ''vocational university'' is not used. In contrast to traditional German universities, a {{lang|de|[[Fachhochschule]]}} (translated "university of applied sciences") has a more practical profile. Universities of applied sciences grant academic [[bachelor's degree]]s and [[master's degree]]s. In a majority of federal states, research-intensive universities of applied sciences also have the permission to grant [[doctoral degrees]] today. Otherwise, doctoral programs must be carried out in cooperation with degree-awarding institutions such as universities. Furthermore, ''Berufsakademie'' is a college type strongly inspired by the [[dual education system]]. A ''Berufsakademie'' is called a ''university of cooperative education'' in English and only grants bachelor's degrees. This type of institution was first created in the [[States of Germany|German state]] of [[Baden-Württemberg]] and now exists in [[Hamburg]], [[Hesse]], [[Lower Saxony]], [[Saarland]], [[Saxony]], [[Schleswig-Holstein]], and [[Thuringia]], but not in the other German states. In 2009, Baden-Württemberg transformed its Berufsakademie into a new type of institution, which until now only exists in that state, a "Duale Hochschule". In English, this type of institution is also called ''university of cooperative education'', but a Duale Hochschule also offers master's degrees.

===Greece===
{{main|List of universities in Greece#Technological educational institutes / Universities of Applied Sciences}}
In Greece, comparable institutions to the vocational universities (or perhaps better to the universities of applied sciences) are the technological educational institutes (TEIs). These constitute part and parcel of the higher education in Greece and offer in their own capacity bachelor's and master's degrees, and soon doctorate degrees.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 April 2017 |title=Διδακτορικά από ΤΕΙ- Η επιστολή του υπ. Παιδείας προς τους προέδρους των ΤΕΙ |trans-title=Doctorates from TEIs - The letter from the Ministry of Education to the presidents of TEIs |url=https://www.esos.gr/arthra/49939/didaktorika-apo-tei-i-epistoli-toy-yp-paideias-pros-toys-proedroys-ton-tei |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Καθημερινή Ηλεκτρονική Εφημερίδα για την Παιδεία |language=Greek}}</ref>

On the other hand, the term ''[[college]]'' in Greece may refer, among others, to the institutions that are officially titled Centres of Post-lyceum (secondary) Education. These have a solely professional, i.e. non-academic, orientation according to existing Greek law, and are so far only private. However, they run in collaboration with foreign authorities, such as universities and accreditation organisations, that may recognise them academically. They may offer [[professional]] bachelor's degrees of minimum three years, as well as master's and doctorate degrees.

===Italy===
{{Main|Istituto tecnico superiore}}
An Istituto tecnico superiore (abbreviated ITS – Higher Technical Institute) is an Italian tertiary educational institution. They were established in 2008, and are modelled on the Fachhochschule system of Germany. Programs have a duration of two or three years, and require a high school degree for access.

===Lithuania===
{{main|List of universities and colleges in Lithuania#Colleges}}
[[College]] (''kolegija'') is the traditional term to refer to vocational education, however usage of Universitu of Applied Sciences, or even College of Applied Sciences is becoming more common in modern times, especially when promoting for [[foreign student]]s. Most of institutions are relatively new, established between 2000 and 2002. Since 2006, they award professional bachelor's degrees. Reforms introduced by the [[Šimonytė Cabinet]] in the 2020s led to the first wave of consolidation within the sector and a refined focus on its objectives.

===Netherlands===
{{main|List of universities in the Netherlands#Universities of Applied Sciences}}
As of January 29, 2008, a Dutch ''hogeschool'' '''(HBO)''' may call itself a "university of applied sciences" in English.<ref>{{cite web |date=2008-02-06 |title=Nuffic - Nederlandse organisaties - Nieuws & Evenementen - Nieuwsarchief - 2008 - Februari - Engelstalige naam voor Nederlandse hogescholen |trans-title=English name for Dutch universities of applied sciences |url=http://www.nuffic.nl/nederlandse-organisaties/nieuws-evenementen/nieuws-archief/nieuws-archief-2008/februari/engelstalige-naam-voor-nederlandse-hogescholen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815002132/http://www.nuffic.nl/nederlandse-organisaties/nieuws-evenementen/nieuws-archief/nieuws-archief-2008/februari/engelstalige-naam-voor-nederlandse-hogescholen |archive-date=2011-08-15 |access-date=2011-09-01 |website=Nederlandse organisaties - Nieuws & Evenementen - Nieuswarchief |language=nl}}</ref> Just like the German 'Fachhochschule', these HBO institutes firstly have a practical profile. They focus primarily on teaching the ''practicing'' of a profession at the highest professional level and applied scientific research, at the state of the art. This as opposed to research universities (Dutch: "universiteiten"), that focus on the highest level of professional practice, ''as well as'' practicing theoretical research.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken |date= 14 May 2013|others=(Ministry of General Affairs) |title=Wat zijn bachelor, master en associate degree in het hoger onderwijs? |trans-title=What are bachelor's, master's and associate degrees in higher education? |url=https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/hoger-onderwijs/vraag-en-antwoord/wat-zijn-de-bachelor-master-en-associate-degree-in-het-hoger-onderwijs |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Informatie van de Rijksoverheid (Information from the National Government) |language=nl-NL}}</ref> This so-called binary system of professional and academic education co-exists with upper secondary vocational education, which provides vocational education at EQF levels 1-4 for equal, similar or different professions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=van Houten |first=Maarten Matheus |date=2018-01-02 |title=Vocational education and the binary higher education system in the Netherlands: higher education symbiosis or vocational education dichotomy? |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13636820.2017.1394359 |journal=Journal of Vocational Education & Training |language=en |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=130–147 |doi=10.1080/13636820.2017.1394359 |issn=1363-6820 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-01-06 |via=Taylor and Francis Online}}</ref>

Universities of applied sciences offer [[Associate degree|associate degrees]], [[bachelor's degrees]] and [[master's degrees]].<ref name="auto">{{cite web |date=2013-12-19 |others=Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap |title=Regeling van de Minister van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap van 11 december 2013, nr. 528477, houdende een wijziging van de Regeling andere toevoeging aan wo-graden in verband met het vaststellen van de referentielijst internationale herkenbaarheid titulatuur hoger beroepsonderwijs en het vaststellen van graden met toevoegingen |trans-title=Regulation of the Minister of Education, Culture and Science of 11 December 2013, no. 528477, containing an amendment to the Regulation on other additions to university degrees in connection with establishing the reference list for international recognition of higher vocational education titles and establishing degrees with additions |url=https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stcrt-2013-35337.html |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Staatscourant van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden |language=nl-NL}}</ref> From 2022 onward there will be pilots on [[Doctorate|Professional Doctorates]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=van der Zwan |first=Frank |date=2021-10-25 |title=Professional Doctorate - The Netherlands Association of Universities of Applied Sciences |url=https://www.vereniginghogescholen.nl/themas/professional-doctorate |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Vereniging Hogescholen |language=nl-NL}}</ref> ''Hogescholen'' in the Netherlands have been provided with the right to conduct research by the revised Higher Education and Research Act (WHOO) 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=Archived copy - Research report 2007/2008 |url=http://www.innovationinbusiness.research.hu.nl/Onderzoek.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406145037/http://www.innovationinbusiness.research.hu.nl/Onderzoek.aspx |archive-date=2013-04-06 |access-date=2013-02-19 |website=Research Institute for Innovation & Business - Hogeschool Utrecht}}</ref>

Examples:
* [[HAN University of Applied Sciences]] ([[Arnhem]] and [[Nijmegen]])
* [[Hanze University of Applied Sciences]] ([[Groningen]])
* [[The Hague University of Applied Sciences]]

===Sweden===
The main difference between universities (universitet) and vocational universities (högskola, official translation ''university college'') is that only the former ones have the right to award doctorate degrees in all subjects they offer. Some vocational universities have been given such rights within limited areas of research.

===Switzerland===
{{Main|Fachhochschule}}

===United Kingdom===
{{Main|Polytechnic (United Kingdom)}}

==In Asia==

=== Mainland China ===
China is home to the largest vocational education system in the world. In 2018, [[mainland China]] had a total of 1,418 vocational colleges.<ref>{{cite web |date=2019-06-04 |title=Statistical report on China's vocational education in 2018 |url=http://en.moe.gov.cn/documents/reports/201906/t20190605_384566.html |access-date=2020-09-26 |website=en.moe.gov.cn |publisher=[[Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China]]}}</ref>

Examples:
* Fashion Institute ([[Ningbo]], Zhejiang)
* [[Hunan Mass Media Vocational and Technical College]] ([[Changsha]], capital of [[Hunan]])
* Hunan Chemical Vocational Technology College ([[Zhuzhou]], Hunan)
* Hunan Railway Professional Technology College (Zhuzhou, Hunan)
* Guangsha College of Applied Construction Technology ([[Zhejiang]])
* Liming Vocational University ([[Quanzhou]], Fujian)
* Qingdao Vocational and Technical College ([[Qingdao]])
* Vocational Academy of Art (Zhejiang)
* Yuying College of Vocational Technology (Zhejiang)
* Zhejiang Vocational College of Economic & Trade (Zhejiang)
* [[Zibo Vocational Institute]] ([[Zibo]], [[Shandong]])
* [[Zhaoqing University]] ([[Zhaoqing]], Guangdong)
* Suqian Economic and Trade Vocational College ([[Shuyang]])

=== Hong Kong ===
* [[Vocational Training Council]]
** [[Hong Kong Design Institute]]
** [[Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education]]
** [[Hong Kong Institute of Information Technology]]
** [[Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong]]
** [[Chinese Culinary Institute]]
** [[Hotel and Tourism Institute]]
** [[International Culinary Institute]]
** [[Maritime Services Training Institute]]

==== University of Applied Sciences status ====
In the 2023 [[Policy Address]], the government facilitates the establishment of universities of applied sciences (UAS), and strive to raise the status of vocational and professional education and training to attain qualifications at university degree level, closely collaborating with technical professions and offer programmes with more internship and practical learning opportunities, to help students hone their practical skills in the fields.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Chief Executive's 2023 Policy Address |url=https://www.policyaddress.gov.hk/2023/en/p159.html |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=www.policyaddress.gov.hk |language=en}}</ref> At 11 November 2024, the government launched the Alliance of Universities of Applied Sciences, comprising four post-secondary institutions as founding members, with the Hong Kong Metropolitan University and Saint Francis University as full members, and [[Tung Wah College]] and the Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong as associate members.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alliance of Universities of Applied Sciences officially launched (with photos) |url=https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202411/11/P2024111100379.htm |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=www.info.gov.hk}}</ref>

* [[Hong Kong Metropolitan University]] (HKMU), gained the status at 21 March 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-22 |title=Hong Kong Metropolitan University becomes the city's first university of applied sciences |url=https://www.humanresourcesonline.net/hong-kong-metropolitan-university-becomes-the-city-s-first-university-of-applied-sciences |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=Human Resources Online |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Saint Francis University, Hong Kong|Saint Francis University]] (SFU), gained the status at 1 November 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-01 |title=Hong Kong approves second university of applied sciences after 7-month wait |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3284827/hong-kong-approves-second-university-applied-sciences-after-7-month-wait |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref>

=== Iran ===
==== University of Applied Science and Technology ====
{{Main|University of Applied Science and Technology}}
The '''University of Applied Science and Technology''' ('''UAST''') is a public university administrated by Ministry of Science, Research and Technology with various branches all over the provinces of Iran. This university helps to increase skill level of employed personnel in various sectors of economic field and graduates of higher education and professional skills that are lacking in administrative. It is an educational system inspired and derived from 'Community College' in the United States. With more than 1500 education center in all corner of Iran. UAST confers degrees in over 100 programs at the associate, bachelor's and master's degree levels.

==== Technical and Vocational University ====
{{Main|Technical and Vocational University}}

The '''Technical and Vocational University''' ('''TVU''') is one of Institutes of Higher Education under control of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. The university has more than 176 schools and colleges across the country and more than 220 thousand students is one of the largest universities in Iran.

===Malaysia===
There are five public vocational universities in [[Malaysia]]:
* [[Universiti Malaysia Pahang]] (UMP)
* [[Universiti Malaysia Perlis]] (UniMAP)
* [[Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka]] (UTeM)
* [[Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia]] (UTHM)
* [[Universiti Malaysia Kelantan]] (UMK)

===Sri Lanka===
In 2009, the first [[University of Vocational Technology]] was established under the purview of the Ministry of Vocational and Technical Training. There are also nine College of Technology in Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-03-30 |title=University of Vocational Technology |url=http://srilankatoday.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1912&Itemid=52 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716124543/http://srilankatoday.com/index.php?id=1912&itemid=52&option=com_content&task=view |archive-date=2011-07-16 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=SriLanka Today}}</ref>

===Taiwan===
In Taiwan, vocational university is called '''University of science and technology''' or '''University of technology'''.

* [[National Taiwan University of Science and Technology]] (Taiwan Tech)
* [[National Taipei University of Technology]] (Taipei Tech)
* [[National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology]]
* [[National Yunlin University of Science and Technology]] (Yen Tech)

==See also==
*[[Community college]]
*[[Further education]]
*[[Institute of technology]]
*[[Technical school]]
*[[Trade school]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060620211149/http://www.hrsdc.gc.ca/en/hip/cslp/ImportantLinks/17_il_International.pdf List of vocational universities] PDF
* [http://www.educa.ch/dyn/9.asp?url=69131%2Easp Higher Vocational Education in Switzerland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921213036/http://www.educa.ch/dyn/9.asp?url=69131%2Easp |date=2008-09-21 }}
* [http://www.ericdigests.org/2003-2/china.html Higher Vocational Education in China] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125104446/http://www.ericdigests.org/2003-2/china.html |date=2021-01-25 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060217110059/http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/ccs/digests/dig0203.htm Higher Vocational Education in China]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060813235546/http://www.en.domavcr.cz/rady.shtml?x=159582 Higher Vocational Education in Czech Republic]
* [http://www.admhmao.ru/english/sociumE/sience/vish_ob.htm Higher Vocational Education in Russia]{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060829081106/http://www.bbt.admin.ch/themen/berufsbildung/00106/00355/index.html?lang=en The Copenhagen Process]
*[http://www.edu.fi/english/SubPage.asp?path=500;4699/ Education system in Finland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194405/http://www.edu.fi/english/SubPage.asp?path=500;4699/ |date=2016-03-03 }}

{{Schools}}

[[Category:Educational stages]]
[[Category:Higher education]]
[[Category:Types of university or college]]
[[Category:Vocational universities and colleges|*]]
[[Category:Tertiary education]]

Girishbhai Patel

2026-03-10T04:59:07Z

Red apple learning: Started New Entry W/ Refs.

{{Short description|Indian human rights lawyer (1932–2018)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Girish Patel
| image =
| birth_name = Girish Chhotalal Patel
| birth_date = 5 December 1932
| birth_place = [[Nadiad]], [[Gujarat]], British India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|10|6|1932|12|5|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], India
| education = L.L.M.
| alma_mater = [[Harvard University]]
| occupation = Advocate
| organization = Lok Adhikar Sangh
| spouse = Kusumben Patel
| awards = Bhagirath Human Rights Award
}}

'''Girish Patel''' (5 December 1932 – 6 October 2018) was an Indian human rights lawyer, academic and constitutional expert.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2018-10-06 |title=Girish Patel, prominent human rights lawyer from Gujarat, dies at 85 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/girish-patel-prominent-human-rights-lawyer-from-gujarat-dies-at-85-5389377/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Patel studied at a municipality school, then completed L.L.B. in 1956 before earning L.L.M. at [[Harvard Law School]] in the United States.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Tribute to Girish Patel, a Lawyer-Activist Who Helped Keep Society Humane |url=https://thewire.in/rights/tribute-girish-patel-lawyer-activist |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=The Wire}}</ref>

==Career==
Patel practiced at [[International Court of Justice]], then upon return to India served as principal of Maneklal Nanavati Law College in [[Ahmedabad]], as member of [[Gujarat University]] Senate, and as member of the [[Gujarat]] State Law Commission.

Patel founded Lok Adhikar Sangh in 1977, and under its banner fought cases on behalf of Dalits, tribals, minorities, women, child workers, bonded labourers and farm workers.<ref name=":3" /> He practiced at [[Gujarat High Court]] from 1975 for over 40 years. He provided pro bono service to most of his clients.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Patel filed over 200 [[Public interest litigation in India|Public Interest Litigations]] (PILs).<ref name=":0" />

Patel specialised in jurisprudence and the philosophy of law. His mentees coined the term Girishprudence.<ref name=":3" />

Patel, along with [[M. C. Bhatt]], provided legal assistance to [[Narmada Bachao Andolan]] and worked closely with [[Medha Patkar]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=IANS |date=2018-10-06 |title=Gujarat human rights lawyer Girish Patel passes away |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/gujarat-human-rights-lawyer-girish-patel-passes-away-118100600811_1.html |access-date=2023-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kothari |first=Urvish |date=2022-09-16 |title=Gujarat CM labeled Medha Patkar urban Naxal but Narmada Andolan never saw this cancel culture |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/gujarat-cm-labeled-medha-patkar-urban-naxal-but-narmada-andolan-never-saw-this-cancel-culture/1129717/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

Patel was awarded Bhagirath Human Rights Award in 2002.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-08-28 |title=Human rights activist Girish Patel awarded |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/human-rights-activist-girish-patel-awarded/articleshow/20496705.cms |access-date=2023-03-03 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Death and legacy==
Patel died at his home in Ahmedabad in 2018 due to age-related complications. His body was donated per his wishes. His death was received with sadness by civil society.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Jignesh Mevani's Tribute to Girish Patel, Custodian of Human Rights and Dignity |url=https://thewire.in/society/a-tribute-to-girish-patel-custodian-of-human-rights-and-dignity |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=The Wire}}</ref> Girish Patel Smarnanjali Lecture Series has been instituted to honour his memory.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2022-10-03 |title=India rarely saw accountability of State in targeted violence: Teesta Setalvad |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/india-rarely-saw-accountability-of-state-in-targeted-violence-teesta-setalvad/article65965534.ece |access-date=2023-03-03 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Dalit leader and Gujarat MLA [[Jignesh Mevani]] worked under the mentorship of Patel.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-20 |title=From Dalit activist to Gujarat MLA: Tracking Jignesh Mevani's journey |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-depth-jignesh-mevani-s-journey-from-a-dalit-activist-to-vadgam-mla/story-T9N0QvSF6jVaah8tjKPlQI.html |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian human rights activists]]
[[Category:Indian civil rights activists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Harvard Law School alumni]]
[[Category:Gujarati people]]
[[Category:Human rights lawyers]]

{{India-law-bio-stub}}

Dil Chahta Hai

2026-03-03T12:03:58Z

Red apple learning: improved information for accuracy per sources

{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dil Chahta Hai
| image = Dil Chahta Hai.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| alt = A theatrical release poster for ''Dil Chahta Hai'', featuring the male lead cast.
| director = [[Farhan Akhtar]]
| producer = [[Ritesh Sidhwani]]
| writer = Farhan Akhtar
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Aamir Khan]]
* [[Saif Ali Khan]]
* [[Akshaye Khanna]]
* [[Preity Zinta]]
* [[Sonali Kulkarni]]
* [[Dimple Kapadia]]
}}
| music = [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
| cinematography = [[Ravi K. Chandran]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| studio = [[Excel Entertainment]]
| distributor = [[Yash Raj Films]]
| released = {{Film date|2001|08|10|df=y}}
| runtime = 185 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dil Chahta Hai |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/dil-chahta-hai-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zndczotg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514120241/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/dil-chahta-hai-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zndczotg |archive-date=14 May 2021 |access-date=14 May 2021 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}80 million<ref>{{Cite news |last=Unnithan |first=Sandeep |date=26 August 2002 |title=Bollywood looks at non-star, low-budget formula to tide over drought of box-office hits |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/20020826-bollywood-looks-at-non-star-low-budget-formula-to-tide-over-drought-of-box-office-hits-794495-2002-08-26 |url-status=live |access-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514100525/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/20020826-bollywood-looks-at-non-star-low-budget-formula-to-tide-over-drought-of-box-office-hits-794495-2002-08-26 |archive-date=14 May 2021}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}397.2 million<ref name="BOI">{{Cite web |title=Dil Chahta Hai |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=664 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512005048/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=664 |archive-date=12 May 2021 |access-date=14 May 2021 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>
}}

'''''Dil Chahta Hai''''' ({{translation|''The Heart Desires''}}) is a 2001 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[coming of age]] [[comedy drama]] film written and directed by [[Farhan Akhtar]] in his directorial debut,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-09 |title=Happy birthday Farhan Akhtar: How he made the most definitive film on friendships with Dil Chahta Hai |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/farhan-akhtar-birthday-dil-chahta-hai-5017134/ |access-date=2025-08-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> and produced by [[Ritesh Sidhwani]] under the newly formed [[Excel Entertainment]] banner. The film stars [[Aamir Khan]], [[Saif Ali Khan]], and [[Akshaye Khanna]] as three inseparable college friends navigating adulthood, relationships, and diverging life paths. It also features [[Preity Zinta]], [[Sonali Kulkarni]], and [[Dimple Kapadia]] in pivotal supporting roles. Set in contemporary urban India, the film explores themes of friendship, love, and [[self-discovery]] among upper-class youth.

Akhtar wrote the film based on personal diaries detailing his experiences travelling to different cities, with inputs on the story from creative associate Kassim Jagmagia. Shot on location in [[India]] and [[Australia]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2023-12-09 |title="Some places are just magical": Farhan Akhtar visits this location from 'Dil Chahta Hai' after 23 years |url=https://theprint.in/feature/some-places-are-just-magical-farhan-akhtar-visits-this-location-from-dil-chahta-hai-after-23-years/1879402/ |access-date=2025-12-03 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>, ''Dil Chahta Hai'' was one of the first Hindi films to use [[sync sound]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-10 |title=Dil Chahta Hai is 21: Saif Ali Khan thought Farhan Akhtar was being 'ridiculously demanding' when he offered him the film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dil-chahta-hai-21-years-saif-ali-khan-thought-farhan-akhtar-was-ridiculously-demanding-when-he-offered-him-the-film-8081734/ |access-date=2025-12-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>. Cinematography was handled by [[Ravi K. Chandran]], with sound design by Nakul Kamte and [[H. Sridhar]]. The music was composed by the trio [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], with lyrics by [[Javed Akhtar]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Dil Chahta Hai (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by Shankar Ehsaan Loy & Mike Harvey on Apple Music |date=2001-06-22 |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/dil-chahta-hai-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1138970371 |access-date=2025-12-03 |language=en-GB}}</ref>.

Released theatrically on 10 August 2001, ''Dil Chahta Hai'' received widespread critical acclaim for its modern sensibilities, direction, script, music, and performances, particularly those of Saif Ali Khan and Akshaye Khanna. Although it underperformed in rural regions, the film emerged as a commercial success in urban centres and grossed ₹397.2 million (US$4.7 million) worldwide, ranking as the [[List of Hindi films of 2001#Highest-grossing films|fifth highest-grossing Hindi film of the year]]. It has since achieved [[Cult film|cult status]] and is regarded as a landmark in Hindi cinema for redefining youth narratives and contemporary storytelling.

At the [[49th National Film Awards]], ''Dil Chahta Hai'' won two awards, including [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|Best Feature Film in Hindi]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-07-30 |title=Dil Chahta Hai to be screened at IFFI |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/dil-chahta-hai-to-be-screened-at-iffi/articleshow/17589284.cms |access-date=2025-12-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>. It received thirteen nominations at the [[47th Filmfare Awards]], winning seven, including [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film|Best Film (Critics)]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] (Khanna) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Comedian]] (Saif Ali Khan). Over time, the film has been credited with launching a new wave of urban Indian cinema and establishing Akhtar as one of the leading filmmakers of his generation.

== Plot ==
After graduation, three college friends take a trip to Goa. Between watersports, hiking and relaxing by the beach, they reflect if this could be their last time together. Siddharth aka Sid believes they are at a crossroads, but Akash and Sameer dismiss him.

Returning to Mumbai, their lives lead off in separate directions. Sameer is asked by his parents to meet a friend's daughter, Pooja, for marriage, while Akash's parents insist he manage their Sydney office. Sameer, who initially resists, is attracted to Pooja at first sight. Meanwhile, Sid bonds with his new neighbour, Tara. He expresses a desire to paint her, and also takes her to a birthday dinner, after her plan to invite her daughter gets ruined by her ex-husband.

Sid confesses to Sameer and Akash that he is in love, but his news is not well received. He is reminded of Tara's age (she is much older) and growing addiction to alcohol. The conversation turns ugly and Sid slaps Akash, who is livid. He says nothing, but drives off with Sameer. Sid visits his uncle's farmhouse, and soon after, Akash departs for Sydney. In the new city, Akash discovers love with Shalini, whose hot-headed fiance, Rohit, has once beaten Akash up for hitting on her. Without Rohit around, Akash and Shalini's love blossoms. Rohit arrives in Sydney, and after a brief dinner, escorts Shalini home for their wedding.

After many failed romances, including a Swiss con artist, Sameer finally finds true love in Pooja, after she breaks up with her boyfriend. The newly returned Sid helps Sameer win her over, but himself falls out with Tara, who learns of his crush. Sid leaves town to focus on his work. In Sydney, Akash wanders around without Shalini or his friends. He tries to reconnect with Sameer but mistakenly dials Sid, then remembering their feud, breaks down. Realising something is amiss, his father calls him home, who finds out and encourages Akash to tell her how he feels, and finds out her reasons to go ahead with the wedding after meeting Shalini's uncle. The evening before her wedding, Akash goes to meet Shalini in presence of everyone and confesses his love. Rohit is furious at the intervention, but Rohit's father noting the compromise, states that for her own happiness, it is best for Shalini to marry Akash, and gives them his blessing.

Tara develops liver cirrhosis, and Sid has to rush her to the hospital. With no relatives around, he calls Sameer and Akash to visit him in the waiting room. A reluctant Akash, on his way to work the next morning, reminiscing his old college days, ultimately has a change of heart and visits the hospital, reconciling with Sid and sharing a hug. Tara dies without family around, but with Sid by her side. Six months later, Sid is still grieving, but Sameer and Akash help him recover. Shalini and Pooja are with Akash and Sameer, and the five of them visit Goa. While out, Sid sees a woman across a field and walks up to her. As credits roll, he is shown enjoying a lively restaurant dinner with her and his friends.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Aamir Khan]] as Akash Malhotra
*[[Saif Ali Khan]] as Sameer Mulchandani
*[[Akshaye Khanna]] as Siddharth "Sid" Sinha
*[[Preity Zinta]] as Shalini
*[[Sonali Kulkarni]] as Pooja
*[[Dimple Kapadia]] as Tara Jaiswal
*Samantha Tremayne as Deepa
*[[Ayub Khan (actor)|Ayub Khan]] as Rohit
*[[Rajat Kapoor]] as Mahesh, Shalini's maternal uncle.
*[[Suchitra Pillai]] as Priya
*[[Suhasini Mulay]] as Nandini Sinha, Sid's mother.
*Bomi Doctor as A. R. Mulchandani, Sameer's father.
*Anjula Bedi as Mrs. Mulchandani, Sameer's mother.
*[[Yusuf Hussain]] as Naresh: Pooja's father.
*Ahmed Khan as A. K. Malhotra: Akash's father.
*[[Rajendranath Zutshi]] as Ajay, Tara's ex-husband (voice only)
*[[Mandala Tayde]] as a girl who smiles at Sid in the climax
*[[Rakesh Pandey (actor)|Rakesh Pandey]] as Balwant, Rohit's father.
}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
''Dil Chahta Hai'' originated from [[Farhan Akhtar]]'s personal experiences and observations during his travels to [[Goa]] and a six-week stay in [[New York City]] in 1996. Initially conceptualized as a romantic narrative focusing on the characters Akash and Shalini, Akhtar found the story lacking in excitement and depth.<ref name="Farhan Akhtar tells">{{Cite web |last=Chhabra |first=Aseem |date=23 September 2002 |title=Farhan Akhtar tells it like it is |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2002/sep/23farh.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015130530/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2002/sep/23farh.htm |archive-date=15 October 2012 |access-date=14 May 2021 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Encouraged by his parents, [[Javed Akhtar]] and [[Honey Irani]], who appreciated the concept but suggested enhancements, he expanded the narrative to include the dynamics among three friends, thereby shifting the focus to themes of friendship and personal growth.<ref name="Strike one">{{Cite web |last=Vijayakar |first=Rajiv |date=16 August 2001 |title=Strike one: Farhan Akhtar |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/aug/16farhan.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514095229/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/aug/16farhan.htm |archive-date=14 May 2021 |access-date=15 May 2021 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>

While co-directing music videos for [[Shankar Mahadevan]]'s album ''[[Breathless (Shankar Mahadevan album)|Breathless]]'' alongside his sister [[Zoya Akhtar]] in 1998, Farhan began scripting the film under the working title ''Hum Teen''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parag |date=10 August 2001 |title=Farhan Akhtar: "I'm anxious!"; Ritesh Sidwani: "Dil Chahta Hai has been an enjoyable experience" |url=http://www.screenindia.com/20010810/fcover3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031030154842/http://www.screenindia.com/20010810/fcover3.html |archive-date=30 October 2003 |access-date=15 May 2021 |work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]}}</ref><ref name="preview">{{Cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |author-link=Taran Adarsh |date=2001 |title=Movie Preview: Dil Chahta Hai |url=http://indiafm.com/previews/01/dch/index.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010803030846/http://indiafm.com/previews/01/dch/index.shtml |archive-date=3 August 2001 |access-date=15 May 2021 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> The script, reflecting his own friendships and concerns, was initially penned in English and later translated into Hindi over two months.<ref name="Strike one" /> The project marked the cinematic debut of both Farhan Akhtar and producer [[Ritesh Sidhwani]] under their newly formed banner, [[Excel Entertainment]].<ref name="Cast&Crew">{{Cite web |title=Dil Chahta Hai Cast & Crew |url=http://www.indiafm.com/movies/cast/6738/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717193139/http://www.indiafm.com/movies/cast/6738/index.html |archive-date=17 July 2006 |access-date=14 May 2021 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 2002 |title=Best Screenplay, Critics' Award – Best Film: Farhan Akhtar |url=http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/april2002/ivw7.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040828065240/http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/april2002/ivw7.html |archive-date=28 August 2004 |access-date=15 May 2021 |work=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref> Kassim Jagmagia, a friend of Akhtar's, contributed to the story and joined the team as a creative associate.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramesh |first=Randeep |date=29 July 2006 |title=A matter of caste as Bollywood embraces the Bard |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jul/29/books.filmnews |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830074102/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jul/29/books.filmnews |archive-date=30 August 2013 |access-date=5 April 2011 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
{{multiple image
| perrow = 3
| total_width = 375
| footer = Clockwise from upper left: [[Aamir Khan]], [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Akshaye Khanna]], [[Dimple Kapadia]], [[Sonali Kulkarni]], and [[Preity Zinta]] were cast in the lead roles
| image1 = Aamir Khan graces the first look launch of ‘Secret Superstar’.jpg
| alt1 = Aamir Khan in 2017.
| image2 = Saif at Chef event.jpg
| alt2 = Saif Ali Khan in 2017.
| image3 = Akshaye Khanna still2.jpg
| alt3 = Akshaye Khanna in 2007.
| image4 = Preity Zinta by Ash Gupta.jpg
| alt4 = Preity Zinta in 2018.
| image5 = Sonali Kulkarni on Day 2 of Lakme Fashion Week 2017.jpg
| alt5 = Sonali Kulkarni in 2017.
| image6 = DimpleKapadiaPichvai (cropped).png
| alt6 = Dimple Kapadia in 2018.
| align = right
}}

The casting process underwent several iterations.<ref name="preview" /> Farhan Akhtar initially approached [[Akshaye Khanna]] for the role of Akash Malhotra. However, upon [[Aamir Khan]]'s interest in portraying Akash instead of the more reserved Siddharth "Sid" Sinha, Khanna graciously agreed to switch roles, taking on the character of Sid.<ref name="Screen, Aamir Khan">{{Cite news |last=Parag |date=10 August 2001 |title=Aamir Khan: "Actors can plan however much they want but eventually things happen the way they have to" |url=http://www.screenindia.com/20010810/fcover1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031030154108/http://www.screenindia.com/20010810/fcover1.html |archive-date=30 October 2003 |access-date=15 May 2021 |work=Screen}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=11 August 2001 |title=Aamir Khan: Almost didn't do 'Dil Chahta Hai'! |url=http://filmfare.indiatimes.com/thebuzz/aug2001/08_11_2001a.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011004192246/http://filmfare.indiatimes.com/thebuzz/aug2001/08_11_2001a.html |archive-date=4 October 2001 |access-date=15 May 2021 |work=Filmfare}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |author-link=Subhash K. Jha |date=16 August 2001 |title=Aamir's secret formula! |url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/aug/16aamir.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323220521/https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/aug/16aamir.htm |archive-date=23 March 2021 |access-date=15 May 2021 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Venugopal |first=Bijoy |date=15 June 2004 |title=Farhan Akhtar and the art of war |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jun/15laks1.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516072217/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/jun/15laks1.htm |archive-date=16 May 2021 |access-date=16 May 2021 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Arora |first=Pratiksha |date=7 August 2001 |title='I didn't want Dil Chahta Hai to end!' |url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/aug/07ak.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121190758/https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/aug/07ak.htm |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=15 May 2021 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Parag |date=10 August 2001 |title=Akshay Khanna: "Love is the purest form of emotion" |url=http://www.screenindia.com/20010810/fcover.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031029054928/http://www.screenindia.com/20010810/fcover.html |archive-date=29 October 2003 |access-date=15 May 2021 |work=Screen}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |date=2001 |title=Running Around Threes |url=http://movies.thenewspapertoday.com/dch/featurethree.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011006152856/http://movies.thenewspapertoday.com/dch/featurethree.shtml |archive-date=6 October 2001 |access-date=15 May 2021 |work=India Today}}</ref>

[[Saif Ali Khan]] was cast as Sameer Mulchandani, a role he found closely aligned with his own personality.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parag |date=18 August 2001 |title=Saif Ali Khan: "Sameer is closest to the real Saif" |url=http://www.screenindia.com/20010810/fcover2.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030828141428/http://www.screenindia.com/20010810/fcover2.html |archive-date=28 August 2003 |access-date=15 May 2021 |work=Screen}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2001 |title='Sameer closest to me' |url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/aug/08dil.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515052948/https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/aug/08dil.htm |archive-date=15 May 2021 |access-date=15 May 2021 |website=Rediff.com |publisher=India News Feature Service}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Qureshi |first=Nilufer |date=October 2001 |title=One up |url=http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/oct2001/ivw4.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525234316/http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/oct2001/ivw4.html |archive-date=25 May 2011 |access-date=15 May 2021 |work=Filmfare}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=10 January 2019 |title=Swades and Dil Chahta Hai: Four roles Hrithik Roshan said no to |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/swades-and-dil-chahta-hai-four-roles-hrithik-roshan-said-no-to/story-3KQPGB0Ad01UOMczIajO3M.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514122059/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/swades-and-dil-chahta-hai-four-roles-hrithik-roshan-said-no-to/story-3KQPGB0Ad01UOMczIajO3M.html |archive-date=14 May 2021 |access-date=16 May 2021 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> [[Preity Zinta]] joined the cast as Shalini, Akash's love interest, after a [[screen test]] and preparation period of three and a half months.<ref name="maddest">{{Cite web |last=Arora |first=Pratiksha |date=9 August 2001 |title='It's the maddest unit I've worked with' |url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/aug/09pre.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515112704/https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/aug/09pre.htm |archive-date=15 May 2021 |access-date=15 May 2021 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref name="All eyez on me">{{Cite magazine |last=Pillai |first=Jitesh |author-link=Jitesh Pillai |date=October 2001 |title=All eyez on me |url=http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/oct2001/ivw1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525234423/http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/oct2001/ivw1.html |archive-date=25 May 2011 |access-date=15 May 2021 |magazine=Filmfare}}</ref> [[Sonali Kulkarni]] was selected to play Pooja, Sameer's eventual fiancée. [[Dimple Kapadia]] was cast as Tara Jaiswal, a middle-aged, alcoholic interior designer and divorcée, marking her first on-screen pairing with a significantly younger actor.<ref name="Surprise!">{{Cite web |last=Khanna |first=Priyanka |date=6 August 2001 |title=Dimple: The Dil Chahta Hai Surprise! |url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/aug/06dimple.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515052955/https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/aug/06dimple.htm |archive-date=15 May 2021 |access-date=15 May 2021 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> Kapadia reportedly insisted that Farhan Akhtar address her by name rather than as "aunty" during the shoot.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |date=October 2001 |title=Life is so unsure |url=http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/oct2001/ivw5.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525234252/http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/oct2001/ivw5.html |archive-date=25 May 2011 |access-date=15 May 2021 |magazine=Filmfare}}</ref><ref name="Surprise!" />

Zoya Akhtar oversaw the casting process, ensuring a cohesive [[Ensemble cast|ensemble]] that could authentically portray the film's themes of friendship and personal evolution.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Dil Chahta Hai |date=10 August 2001 |last=Akhtar |first=Farhan |author-link=Farhan Akhtar |type=Motion picture |language=hi |publisher=[[Excel Entertainment]] |trans-title=The Heart Desires |place=India |time=1:41}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] for ''Dil Chahta Hai'' commenced in 2000 and spanned 108 days. The film was shot across various locations, including [[Mumbai]], [[Goa]], and [[Sydney]], [[Australia]].<ref name="Surprise!" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |author-link=Sukanya Verma |date=18 July 2001 |title=Dil Chahta Hai: Story in pictures |url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/jul/18intro.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728090544/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/jul/18intro.htm |archive-date=28 July 2018 |access-date=16 May 2021 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> Notably, the scene featuring the trio at [[Chapora Fort]] in Goa became iconic, contributing to the fort's popularity as a tourist destination.

The film was produced on a budget of ₹80 million (approximately US$950,000). [[Ravi K. Chandran]] handled [[cinematography]], capturing the film's contemporary aesthetic. The production utilized [[sync sound]] recording, a relatively novel technique in Indian cinema at the time, with Nakul Kamte and [[H. Sridhar]] overseeing the [[sound design]].<ref name="Cast&Crew" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chumbhale |first=Ameya |date=14 January 2012 |title=What do sound designers do in the film industry? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/what-do-sound-designers-do-in-the-film-industry/articleshow/11482952.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516125612/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/what-do-sound-designers-do-in-the-film-industry/articleshow/11482952.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=16 May 2021 |access-date=16 May 2021 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> [[A. Sreekar Prasad]] served as the [[Editing|editor]], and Suzanne Caplan Merwanji was the [[production designer]].<ref name="Cast&Crew" /><ref name="Strike one" /> [[Arjun Bhasin]] managed [[costume design]], while [[Farah Khan]] choreographed the film's musical sequences.<ref name="Cast&Crew" />

Hairstylist [[Adhuna Bhabani]] made her Bollywood debut with this film, introducing distinctive hairstyles for the lead characters that became trendsetting among the youth.<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 2002 |title=Best Editing: A. Sreekar Prasad |url=http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/april2002/ivw29.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040828073433/http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/april2002/ivw29.html |archive-date=28 August 2004 |access-date=17 May 2021 |work=Filmfare}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Main|Dil Chahta Hai (soundtrack)}}
The soundtrack and background score of ''Dil Chahta Hai'' were composed by [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], after [[A. R. Rahman]] declined the offer due to date issues.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Pais |first=Arthur J. |date=27 January 2009 |title='What is my share will always come to me' |url=http://specials.rediff.com/entertai/2009/jan/27slid3-a-r-rahman-reacts-to-oscar-noms-for-slumdog.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514122109/http://specials.rediff.com/entertai/2009/jan/27slid3-a-r-rahman-reacts-to-oscar-noms-for-slumdog.htm |archive-date=14 May 2021 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=4 January 2002 |title=Screen Awards: Nominations |work=Screen |url=http://www.screenindia.com/20020104/fnom6.html |url-status=dead |access-date=17 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040315003503/http://www.screenindia.com/20020104/fnom6.html |archive-date=15 March 2004}}</ref> The lyrics were penned by Javed Akhtar. The vocals were performed by [[Udit Narayan]], [[Alka Yagnik]], [[Caralisa Monteiro]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]], Mahadevan, [[Clinton Cerejo]], [[KK (singer)|KK]], [[Harvey (MC)|Harvey]], and [[Sonu Nigam]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=22 June 2001 |title=Dil Chahta Hai (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/dil-chahta-hai-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1138970371 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518130051/https://music.apple.com/us/album/dil-chahta-hai-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1138970371 |archive-date=18 May 2021 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=[[iTunes]]}}</ref> Noorani stated that the trio went to [[Khandala]] along with Farhan Akhtar, Javed Akhtar, and Sidhwani to compose six songs from a total of nine for the film in three-and-a-half days. Mendonsa described the experience as 35% of work and 65% fun and added that they had a "fantastic time". After staying in Khandala, Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy subsequently booked a studio to finish the recording in three weeks.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Vijayakar |first=Rajiv |date=23 June 2001 |title='Dil Chahta Hai' was 35% work, 65% fun! |url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/jun/23shan.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515185116/https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/jun/23shan.htm |archive-date=15 May 2021 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>

The soundtrack and background score for ''Dil Chahta Hai'' were composed by the musical trio [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], marking their first collaboration with [[Farhan Akhtar]]. [[A. R. Rahman]] was initially approached for the project but declined due to scheduling conflicts.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The lyrics were written by [[Javed Akhtar]]. Vocal performances on the album feature [[Udit Narayan]], [[Alka Yagnik]], [[Caralisa Monteiro]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]], [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Clinton Cerejo]], [[KK (singer)|KK]], [[Harvey (MC)|Harvey]], and [[Sonu Nigam]].<ref name=":2" />

In preparation for the album, the composers, along with Farhan Akhtar, Javed Akhtar, and producer [[Ritesh Sidhwani]], traveled to [[Lonavala]], where six of the nine songs were composed over three and a half days. [[Ehsaan Noorani]] described the retreat as a balance of "35% work and 65% fun", while [[Loy Mendonsa]] noted that they later booked a recording studio to complete the album within three weeks.<ref name=":3" />

== Release ==
''Dil Chahta Hai'' was one of the most anticipated Hindi films of 2001, owing to its contemporary narrative centered on urban youth—an area seldom explored in Indian cinema.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Salam |first1=Ziya Us |author-link=Ziya Us Salam |last2=Balakrishnan |first2=Lakshmi |last3=Kannan |first3=K. |date=8 August 2001 |title=Talk of the town |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/talk-of-the-town/article27970979.ece |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516113754/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/talk-of-the-town/article27970979.ece |archive-date=16 May 2021 |access-date=17 May 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ritu |date=2001 |title="...Kyonki Dil Chahta Hai!" |url=http://www.gmagazine.com/Feature01.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010821004905/http://www.gmagazine.com/Feature01.asp |archive-date=21 August 2001 |access-date=17 May 2021 |work=[[Chitralekha (weekly)|Chitralekha]]}}</ref> A one-minute theatrical trailer was launched alongside [[Aamir Khan]]’s ''[[Lagaan]]'' in cinemas and on television across India to generate early publicity and media interest.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Farhan Akhtar turns director with Dil Chahta Hai |url=http://www.ndtv.com:80/ent/story.asp?slug=%3cI%3eTum+Bin%3c/story.asp?slug=Farhan+turns+director+with+dil+chahta+hai&id=447&section=Movies |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010625040616/http://www.ndtv.com/ent/story.asp?slug=%3CI%3ETum+Bin%3C%2Fstory.asp%3Fslug%3DFarhan+turns+director+with+dil+chahta+hai&id=447&section=Movies |archive-date=25 June 2001 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> Ahead of its theatrical debut, a special screening was held for then-[[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Indian Home Minister]] [[L. K. Advani]] at his residence in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernandes |first=Vivek |date=4 August 2001 |title=Home minister L K Advani watches Dil Chahta Hai |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/aug/04news.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518130038/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/aug/04news.htm |archive-date=18 May 2021 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>

The film was released theatrically on 10 August 2001, clashing with ''[[Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke]]'', a [[Romance film#Romantic drama|romantic drama]], which also starred [[Preity Zinta]], alongside [[Ajay Devgn]] and [[Madhuri Dixit]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |date=10 July 2000 |title=Aamir-Sunny clash confirmed |url=http://indiafm.com/scoop/00/jul/1007aamir/index.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010712051443/http://indiafm.com/scoop/00/jul/1007aamir/index.shtml |archive-date=12 July 2001 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 June 2001 |title=The Aamir Khan-Sunny Deol War – Part II?! |url=http://filmfare.indiatimes.com/cyberscoop/june2001/06_29_2001b.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020616150913/http://filmfare.indiatimes.com/cyberscoop/june2001/06_29_2001b.html |archive-date=16 June 2002 |access-date=17 May 2021 |work=Filmfare}}</ref> Following its domestic release, ''Dil Chahta Hai'' was screened at multiple international film festivals, including the [[33rd International Film Festival of India]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 July 2002 |title=Dil Chahta Hai to be screened at IFFI |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/17589284.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211210148/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/17589284.cms |archive-date=11 December 2008 |access-date=14 August 2008 |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref> the 14th [[Palm Springs International Film Festival]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 February 2003 |title=Palm Springs finds Bose just fine |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/palm-springs-finds-bose-just-fine/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517090423/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/palm-springs-finds-bose-just-fine/ |archive-date=17 May 2021 |access-date=19 March 2012 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |location=New Delhi, India |agency=[[United News of India]]}}</ref> and the 11th [[Austin Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2004 |title=Cinematic Convergence |url=http://www.austinchronicle.com/gyrobase/Issue/story?oid=oid:233369 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225022043/http://www.austinchronicle.com/gyrobase/Issue/story?oid=oid:233369 |archive-date=25 February 2014 |access-date=14 August 2008 |work=[[The Austin Chronicle]]}}</ref>

The film premiered on Indian television via [[StarPlus]] on 17 August 2002.<ref>{{Cite news |last=C. |first=Maya |date=7 August 2002 |title=Dil chahta hai Goa? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/dil-chahta-hai-goa/article28605152.ece |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517112404/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/dil-chahta-hai-goa/article28605152.ece |archive-date=17 May 2021 |access-date=17 May 2021 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> It was released on home media as a single-disc [[NTSC]] widescreen [[DVD]] on 14 December 2007, alongside a two-disc version distributed by Spark Entertainment.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2007 |title=Dil Chahta Hai |url=https://www.amazon.com/Dil-chahta-hai-Amir-Khan/dp/B0016GOM0Q |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224222953/http://www.amazon.com/Dil-chahta-hai-Amir-Khan/dp/B0016GOM0Q |archive-date=24 December 2015 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dil Chahta Hai -2 DVD set |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Dil-Chahta-Hai-DVD-set/dp/B001ARJWBA |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518130020/https://www.amazon.co.uk/Dil-Chahta-Hai-DVD-set/dp/B001ARJWBA |archive-date=18 May 2021 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=Amazon}}</ref> Since 18 November 2016, ''Dil Chahta Hai'' has been available for streaming on platforms including [[Amazon Prime Video]] and [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dil Chahta Hain (2001) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/dil_chahta_hai |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104234041/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/dil_chahta_hai |archive-date=4 November 2020 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dil Chahta Hai |url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Dil-Chahta-Hai/0GUPSYRY1MTBUBAJMLTKNYIC7E |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517112844/https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Dil-Chahta-Hai/0GUPSYRY1MTBUBAJMLTKNYIC7E |archive-date=17 May 2021 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=[[Amazon Prime Video]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dil Chahta Hai |url=https://www.netflix.com/title/60021525 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118184543/https://www.netflix.com/title/60021525 |archive-date=18 January 2021 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=[[Netflix]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Box office ===
''Dil Chahta Hai'' had a moderate commercial performance upon release. While it performed well in metropolitan areas, it underperformed in rural regions—a shortfall attributed by trade analysts to its urban-centric storyline and characters.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 January 2002 |title=Commoner calls the shots |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/commoner-calls-the-shots/article28570172.ece |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517091808/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/commoner-calls-the-shots/article28570172.ece |archive-date=17 May 2021 |access-date=17 May 2021 |work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gulzar |author-link=Gulzar |title=[[Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema]] |last2=Nihalani |first2=Govind |author-link2=Govind Nihalani |last3=Chatterjee |first3=Saibal |author-link3=Saibal Chatterjee |date=26 February 2003 |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.]] |isbn=978-81-7991-066-5 |page=128}}</ref> Nevertheless, the film enjoyed sustained success in urban centers, completing a [[golden jubilee]] run of over 50 weeks in some theatres.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 August 2002 |title=Double victory for DCH |url=http://www.screenindia.com/20020809/fhap2.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030908184515/http://www.screenindia.com/20020809/fhap2.html |archive-date=8 September 2003 |access-date=15 October 2021 |work=Screen}}</ref>{{efn|A golden jubilee film is one that completes a theatrical run of 50 weeks or 300 days.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bose |first=Derek |author-link=Derek Bose |title=Brand Bollywood: A New Global Entertainment Order |date=14 November 2006 |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]] |page=40 |isbn=978-81-32102-78-6 }}</ref>}}

Released on approximately 210 screens across India, the film earned ₹9 million (US$110,000) on its opening day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top India First Day (2001) |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/india-first-day.php?year=2001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517092632/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/india-first-day.php?year=2001 |archive-date=17 May 2021 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=Box Office India}}</ref> It collected ₹27.7 million (US$330,000) over its opening weekend,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top India First Weekend (2001) |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/india-first-weekend.php?year=2001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517092645/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/india-first-weekend.php?year=2001 |archive-date=17 May 2021 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=Box Office India}}</ref> and ₹57.3 million (US$680,000) by the end of its first week.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top India First Week (2001) |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/india-first-week.php?year=2001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510183623/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/india-first-week.php?year=2001 |archive-date=10 May 2021 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=Box Office India}}</ref> The film ultimately grossed ₹332.8 million (US$3.9 million) domestically, ranking as the [[List of Hindi films of 2001#Highest-grossing films|fifth highest-grossing Hindi film of the year]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top India Grossers (2001) |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/india-total-gross.php?year=2001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018211425/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/india-total-gross.php?year=2001 |archive-date=18 October 2020 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=Box Office India}}</ref>

Overseas, the film opened to strong box office numbers, collecting US$210,000 in North America and US$100,000 from Atlantic countries during its opening weekend.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2007 |title=Bollywood goes down under |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/aug/06slid2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518130021/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/aug/06slid2.htm |archive-date=18 May 2021 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Pais |first1=Arthur J. |last2=Chhabra |first2=Aseem |date=17 August 2001 |title=Dil Chahta Hai or Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke? |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/aug/17us.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514093409/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/aug/17us.htm |archive-date=14 May 2021 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> It went on to earn ₹16.5 million (US$200,000) in its initial overseas run,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Overseas Weekend (2001) |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/overseas-first-weekend.php?year=2001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018052215/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/overseas-first-weekend.php?year=2001 |archive-date=18 October 2020 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=Box Office India}}</ref> and grossed ₹64.4 million (US$760,000) by the end of its international theatrical engagement—making it the seventh-highest-grossing Hindi film overseas that year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Overseas Gross (2001) |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/overseas-total-gross.php?year=2001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423214708/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/overseas-total-gross.php?year=2001 |archive-date=23 April 2021 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=Box Office India}}</ref> According to ''[[Box Office India]]'', the film earned an estimated ₹397.2 million (US$4.7 million) worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Worldwide Grossers (2001) |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225151822/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2001 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=Box Office India}}</ref>

=== Critical reception ===
''Dil Chahta Hai'' received widespread critical acclaim upon its release, with particular praise for its fresh narrative, direction, performances, and realistic portrayal of contemporary Indian youth.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Rohit K. |author-link=Rohit K. Dasgupta |title=100 Essential Indian Films |last2=Datta |first2=Sangeeta |date=15 December 2018 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-1-4422-7799-1 |pages=72–74}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 July 2002 |title=Upsetting the Balance |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/upsetting-the-balance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514112746/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/upsetting-the-balance/ |archive-date=14 May 2021 |access-date=14 May 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mazumdar |first=Ranjani |title=Bombay Cinema: An Archive of the City |date=14 May 2007 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota Press]] |isbn=978-1-4529-1302-5 |pages=143–144}}</ref><ref name="Another Feather">{{Cite news |date=14 August 2001 |title=Dil Chahta Hai: Another Feather in Aamir's Cap! |url=http://filmfare.indiatimes.com/thebuzz/aug2001/08_14_2001b.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011030192416/http://filmfare.indiatimes.com/thebuzz/aug2001/08_14_2001b.html |archive-date=30 October 2001 |access-date=17 May 2021 |work=Filmfare}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 August 2001 |title=Hrithik Roshan–Farhan Akhtar: Something Cooking! |url=http://filmfare.indiatimes.com/thebuzz/aug2001/08_9_2001a.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020617080751/http://filmfare.indiatimes.com/thebuzz/aug2001/08_9_2001a.html |archive-date=17 June 2002 |access-date=15 May 2021 |work=Filmfare}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 August 2001 |title=Saif Ali Khan: Surprise Packet! |url=http://filmfare.indiatimes.com/thebuzz/aug2001/08_12_2001a.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020613111814/http://filmfare.indiatimes.com/thebuzz/aug2001/08_12_2001a.html |archive-date=13 June 2002 |access-date=15 May 2021 |work=Filmfare}}</ref> The film holds a 100% approval rating on [[Rotten Tomatoes]], based on five reviews, with an average rating of 7.3/10.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dil Chahtha Hain {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/dil-chahta-hai |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>

[[Taran Adarsh]] of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' described the film as a landmark in [[Aamir Khan]]'s career and highlighted the performances of [[Saif Ali Khan]] and [[Akshaye Khanna]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |date=6 August 2001 |title=Movie Review: Dil Chahta Hai |url=http://www.indiafm.com/movies/review/6738/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060716001353/http://www.indiafm.com/movies/review/6738/index.html |archive-date=16 July 2006 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> Sita Menon, writing for ''[[Rediff.com]]'', commended [[Farhan Akhtar]]'s directorial debut, noting his effective character development and Khanna's nuanced performance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon, Sita |author-link=Sita Menon |date=10 August 2001 |title=Trip on Dil Chahta Hai |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/aug/10dil.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026005746/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/aug/10dil.htm |archive-date=26 October 2015 |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>

In [[Screen (magazine)|''Screen'' magazine]], Piroj Wadia lauded Akhtar's script and direction, as well as [[Ravi K. Chandran]]'s cinematography. Dinesh Raheja, also from ''Screen'', appreciated the film's humor and Saif Ali Khan's comedic timing.<ref name="Raheja, Dinesh">{{Cite news |last=Raheja |first=Dinesh |author-link=Dinesh Raheja |date=2001 |title=Dil Chahta Hai – Dude Awakening |url=http://movies.thenewspapertoday.com/dch/review.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011003194101/http://movies.thenewspapertoday.com/dch/review.shtml |archive-date=3 October 2001 |access-date=10 May 2020 |work=India Today}}</ref><ref name="Wadia, Piroj">{{Cite news |last=Wadia |first=Piroj |date=17 August 2001 |title=What an amazing debut |url=http://www.screenindia.com/20010817/frev.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011006184747/http://www.screenindia.com/20010817/frev.html |archive-date=6 October 2001 |access-date=19 April 2020 |work=Screen}}</ref> [[Ziya Us Salam]] of ''[[The Hindu]]'' described the film as a rare depiction of male camaraderie and bachelor bonding, praising its situational comedy and natural character reactions.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Salam |first=Ziya Us |date=17 August 2001 |title=Film Review: Dil Chahta Hai |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/film-review-dil-chahta-hai/article27972488.ece |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515110230/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/film-review-dil-chahta-hai/article27972488.ece |archive-date=15 May 2021 |access-date=17 May 2021 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

Arati Koppar of ''[[Filmfare]]'' hailed the film as a "fabulous attempt" for a directorial debut, highlighting Aamir Khan's performance.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Koppar |first=Arati |date=2001 |title=Dil Chahta Hai |url=http://filmfare.indiatimes.com/reviews/index3.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010917040626/http://filmfare.indiatimes.com/reviews/index3.htm |archive-date=17 September 2001 |access-date=17 May 2021 |work=Filmfare}}</ref> [[Komal Nahta]] praised [[Preity Zinta]]'s portrayal and noted [[Dimple Kapadia]]'s suitability for her role, while critiquing [[Sonali Kulkarni]]'s limited screen time.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. N. |date=24 August 2001 |title=Matters of the heart |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kCwhAAAAIBAJ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518130015/https://books.google.co.id/books?id=kCwhAAAAIBAJ |archive-date=18 May 2021 |access-date=18 May 2021 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |page=88}}</ref>

Jasdeep Singh Pannu of ''[[NDTV]]'' labeled ''Dil Chahta Hai'' a "wonderfully-crafted film," though he noted a "melodramatic act, an element better kept to the conventional Bollywood movie."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pannu |first=Jasdeep Singh |title=Dil Chahta Hai |url=http://www.ndtv.com/ent/reviewhindi.asp?id=31&moviename=Dil+Chahta+Hai |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020301015802/http://www.ndtv.com/ent/reviewhindi.asp?id=31&moviename=Dil+Chahta+Hai |archive-date=1 March 2002 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=NDTV}}</ref> ''[[Zee Next]]'' named it one of the greatest Hindi films of the year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jonna |date=2001 |title=Dil Chahta Hai: Actors and dialogues are the plus points |url=http://entertainment.zeenext.com/articles.asp?aid=496 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011124124643/http://entertainment.zeenext.com/articles.asp?aid=496 |archive-date=24 November 2001 |access-date=17 May 2021 |website=[[Zee Next]]}}</ref> [[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''The Hindustan Times'' wrote, "Farhan demonstrates a style that is as sophisticated as it is impressive. Virtually every character in the intricate tapestry that the young filmmaker creates is utterly tangible, the emotions are completely believable, and the situations fraught with subtle drama."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chatterjee, Saibal |date=9 February 2002 |title=Dil Chahta Hai |url=http://167.216.192.98/infotainment/cinema/reviews/bollywood/reviewsdch.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020209150113/http://167.216.192.98/infotainment/cinema/reviews/bollywood/reviewsdch.shtml |archive-date=9 February 2002 |access-date=17 May 2021 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

Internationally, K. N. Vijiyan of the ''[[New Straits Times]]'' observed that the film differed from typical Bollywood fare and might not appeal to all audiences, but acknowledged Chandran's cinematography.<ref name=":4" /> Beth Watkins, in a retrospective review for ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', praised the film's blend of humor, emotion, and sincerity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Watkins, Beth |date=27 September 2011 |title=Bollywood Journal: The Enduring Appeal of 'Dil Chahta Hai' |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/09/27/bollywood-journal-the-enduring-appeal-of-dil-chahta-hai/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927175603/https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/09/27/bollywood-journal-the-enduring-appeal-of-dil-chahta-hai/ |archive-date=27 September 2011 |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of accolades received by Dil Chahta Hai|List of accolades received by ''Dil Chahta Hai'']]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb title|id=0292490}}
* {{rotten-tomatoes|dil-chahta-hai}}

{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Hindi}}
{{FilmfareCriticsAwardBestMovie}}
{{Farhan Akhtar}}
{{Ritesh Sidhwani}}

[[Category:2000s buddy comedy films]]
[[Category:2001 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2000s road comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2001 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2001 films]]
[[Category:2001 romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Best Hindi Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Films directed by Farhan Akhtar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
[[Category:Films set in Australia]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Goa]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Sydney]]
[[Category:Indian buddy comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian road comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Excel Entertainment films]]
[[Category:Films distributed by AA Films]]

Pappachan Olivilanu

2026-03-03T09:39:16Z

Red apple learning: New A Post W/ Sources - done

{{Short description|2023 Malayalam film by Sinto Sunny}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pappachan Olivilanu
| image = Pappachan Olivilaanu 2023 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Sinto Sunny
| writer = Sinto Sunny
| producer = Thomas Thiruvalla
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Saiju Kurup]]
*[[Darshana s Nair]]
* [[Srinda]]
* [[Aju Varghese]]
* [[Vijayaraghavan]]
* [[Jagadish]]
* [[Alexander Prasanth]]
}}
| cinematography = Sreejith Nair
| editing = Rathin Radhakrishnan
| music = [[Ouseppachan]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to CBFC |url=https://www.ecinepramaan.gov.in/cbfc/?a=Certificate_Detail&i=100090292300000328 |access-date=12 November 2023 |website=e-Cinepramaan}}</ref>
| studio = Thomas Thiruvalla Films
| distributor = Thomas Thiruvalla Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|08|04|ref1=<ref name=":2" />}}
| runtime = 134 minutes<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 July 2023 |title=Saiju Kurup's 'Pappachan Olivilanu' gets a release date |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/saiju-kurups-pappachan-olivilanu-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/102138339.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |access-date=2023-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803095402/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/saiju-kurups-pappachan-olivilanu-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/102138339.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=3 August 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Pappachan Olivilanu''''' ({{Translation|Pappachan is Absconding}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[comedy film]] written and directed by Sinto Sunny.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2023 |title=Saiju Kurup's next is Pappachan Olivilanu |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2023/mar/14/saiju-kurups-next-is-pappachan-olivilanu-2555722.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803105818/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2023/mar/14/saiju-kurups-next-is-pappachan-olivilanu-2555722.html |archive-date=3 August 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> The film stars [[Saiju Kurup]] as the [[title character]], alongside [[Aju Varghese]], [[Vijayaraghavan]], Darshana Sudarshan Nair, [[Jagadish]], [[Srinda]] and [[Alexander Prasanth]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saiju Kurupp's Pappachan Olivilanu trailer is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/jul/21/saiju-kuruppspappachan-olivilanutrailer-is-out-45856.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803110739/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/jul/21/saiju-kuruppspappachan-olivilanutrailer-is-out-45856.html |archive-date=3 August 2023 |access-date=3 August 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=21 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Set in a hilly village named Mamalakunnu, the plot follows Pappachan, a farmer and a jeep driver who is not highly regarded among the villagers.

[[Principal photography]] began in January 2023 near [[Kothamangalam, Kerala|Kothamangalam]]. The music was composed by [[Ouseppachan]], while the cinematography and editing were handled by Sreejith Nair and Rathin Radhakrishnan.

Initially set to release on 28 July 2023, ''Pappachan Olivilanu'' was released in theatres on 4 August 2023 to mixed reviews from critics.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=4 August 2023 |title='Pappachan Olivilaanu' twitter review: Here's what the movie buffs have to say about the Saiju Kurup starrer |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/pappachan-olivilaanu-twitter-review-heres-what-the-movie-buffs-have-to-say-about-the-saiju-kurup-starrer/articleshow/102429583.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |access-date=3 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903151414/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/pappachan-olivilaanu-twitter-review-heres-what-the-movie-buffs-have-to-say-about-the-saiju-kurup-starrer/articleshow/102429583.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=2023-09-03 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Saiju Kurup]] as Puthenveetil Pappachan alias Kaduva Pappachan
* [[Vijayaraghavan]] as Meesha Mathachan, Pappachan's father
* [[Aju Varghese]] as Benny, Cicily's husband and Pappachan's friend
* [[Jagadish]] as [[Advocate|Adv.]] Pauly, Cicily's brother in law
* [[Johny Antony]] as Lalappan
* [[Kottayam Nazeer]] as Xavier, Pappachan's brother in law
* [[Alexander Prasanth]] as [[Civil Police Officer|CPO]] Jameskutty
* Darshana Sudarshan Nair as Cicily, Pappachan's ex-lover & Benny's wife
* [[Srinda]] as Reena, Pappachan's wife
* [[Jolly Chirayath]] as Eliamma
* [[Shivaji Guruvayoor]] as Father Geevarghese
* [[Kalabhavan Rahman]] as Joseph, Cicily's father
* [[Jibu Jacob]] as [[Inspector]] Sebastian Paul
* Shiju Tom as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Hakeem
* Babu Annoor as Forest officer
* Gowri as BFO{{Efn|BFO denotes Beat Forest Officer}} Aswathy Ramachandran
* Sharan S. Raj as BFO Vinu Sathyan
* Arun Krishnamurthy as BFO Vishnu
* Eldho Raju as BFO Aby Thomas
* Ajo Machingal as BFO
* Kudassanad Kanakam as [[Magistrate]]
* Challenger V. Aravind as [[Prosecutor]]
* Kavitha Baiju as Kunjumol
* Sona Pooppara as Christina
* Jordi Poonjar as Thankachan
* Arun Soul as Joekuttan
* Shaijo Adimaly as Lottery Sabu
* Hyder Ali as Cook Abu
* Hareesh Pengan as Forest watcher
* Shamnas as Karumadi Madhu
* Raffi as Ali Akbar, a videographer
* Mudiyan Manikuttan as video assistant
* Chandrashekharan Koodallur as Pavithran
* Shalbin as Sikander
* Shaheer Muhammad as Broker
* Shiju Madakkara
}}

== Production ==

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] commenced in Nadukani near [[Kothamangalam, Kerala|Kothamangalam]] on 18 January 2023.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Vineesh |date=18 January 2023 |title=സിന്റോ സണ്ണി - സൈജു കുറുപ്പ് ചിത്രം ആരംഭിച്ചു {{!}} film started, Mollywood, Saiju Kurup, Sinto Sunny, Kerala, Cinema, Nattuvartha, Mollywood, Latest News, News, Entertainment, Movie Gossips |url=https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/2023/01/19/sinto-sunny-saiju-kurup-film-has-started.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903160726/https://www.eastcoastdaily.com/2023/01/19/sinto-sunny-saiju-kurup-film-has-started.html |archive-date=3 September 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023 |website=East Coast Daily Malayalam |language=en-US}}</ref> The switch-on was performed by [[Jibu Jacob]], while the first clap was given by [[Kalabhavan Rahman]].<ref name=":1" /> The filming was completed near [[Kuttampuzha]], [[Bhoothathankettu]] and [[Neriamangalam]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pappachan Olivilaanu {{!}} പാപ്പച്ചൻ ഒളിവിലാണ് - Mallu Release {{!}} Watch Malayalam Full Movies |url=https://www.mallurelease.com/2023/01/pappachan-olivilaanu-movie.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803095558/https://www.mallurelease.com/2023/01/pappachan-olivilaanu-movie.html |archive-date=3 August 2023 |access-date=3 August 2023 |language=english}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=പാപ്പച്ചനായി വിസ്മയിപ്പിക്കാൻ സൈജു; 'പാപ്പച്ചൻ ഒളിവിലാണ്' ഓണം റിലീസിന് |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2023/07/20/pappachan-olivilanu-movie-onam-release.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803111151/https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2023/07/20/pappachan-olivilanu-movie-onam-release.html |archive-date=3 August 2023 |access-date=3 August 2023 |website=Manorama Online |language=ml}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Pappachan Olivilanu
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Ouseppachan]]
| released = {{Start date|2023}}
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=16|s=12}}
| language = Malayalam
| label = [[Manorama Music]]
| prev_title = Signal Man - 1971
| prev_year = 2023
| year = 2023
| next_title = [[Route No. 17]]
| next_year = 2023
}}

The songs and background score were composed by Ouseppachan, while the lyrics were written by B. K. Harinarayanan and Sinto Sunny.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 July 2023 |title='Pappachan Olivilanu' teaser: Saiju Kurup starrer is an out-and-out entertainer |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/pappachan-olivilanu-teaser-saiju-kurup-starrer-is-an-out-and-out-entertainer/articleshow/101451880.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |access-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803101941/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/pappachan-olivilanu-teaser-saiju-kurup-starrer-is-an-out-and-out-entertainer/articleshow/101451880.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=3 August 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2023 |title=പാപ്പച്ചൻ പ്രേക്ഷകരുടെ സ്വന്തമാകാൻ ഇനി മണിക്കൂറുകൾ മാത്രം; റിലീസ് വെള്ളിയാഴ്ച |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/pappachan-olivilanu-movie-release-date-august-2-saiju-kurup-srinda-1.8787521 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803101408/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/pappachan-olivilanu-movie-release-date-august-2-saiju-kurup-srinda-1.8787521 |archive-date=3 August 2023 |access-date=3 August 2023 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=ml}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Muthukkuda Maanam
| length1 = 4:47
| lyrics1 = B. K. Harinarayanan
| extra1 = [[M.G. Sreekumar]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
| title2 = Kayyethum Dhoorath
| length2 = 3:14
| lyrics2 = Sinto Sunny
| extra2 = [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]]
| title3 = Punya Maha Sannidhe
| length3 = 3:27
| lyrics3 = Sinto Sunny
| extra3 = [[Vaikom Vijayalakshmi]]
| title4 = Pappacha Pappacha
| length4 = 3:11
| lyrics4 = Sinto Sunny
| extra4 = Richukuttan, Lakshya Kiran, Aadhya Nair, Mukthitha Murukesh, Sagarika, Saiju Kurup
| title5 = Thirubalithaarayil
| length5 = 1:33
| lyrics5 = Sinto Sunny
| extra5 = Deva Reghuchandran Nair
| total_length = {{Duration|m=16|s=12}}
}}

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
The film was originally scheduled to be released on 28 July 2023.<ref name="ottplay.com">{{Cite web |title=Pappachan Olivilaanu, Kunjammini's Hospital postpone release dates, here's when the movies will hit theatres |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/pappachan-olivilaanu-kunjamminis-hospital-postpone-release-dates-heres-when-the-movies-will-hit-theatres/f4af4e8bcc158 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803112559/https://www.ottplay.com/news/pappachan-olivilaanu-kunjamminis-hospital-postpone-release-dates-heres-when-the-movies-will-hit-theatres/f4af4e8bcc158 |archive-date=3 August 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> Later, the date was postponed, and the film was released on 4 August 2023.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="ottplay.com"/>

=== Home media ===
The digital rights of the film have been obtained by [[Saina Play]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pappachan Olivilaanu on OTT: Here's when and where Saiju Kurup's comedy film will release |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/pappachan-olivilaanu-on-ott-heres-when-and-where-saiju-kurups-comedy-film-will-release/960f182e96175 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903151852/https://www.ottplay.com/news/pappachan-olivilaanu-on-ott-heres-when-and-where-saiju-kurups-comedy-film-will-release/960f182e96175 |archive-date=3 September 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=KS |first=Anish |date=27 August 2023 |title=Pappachan Olivilaanu Movie Streaming Soon On Saina Play Application - Latest Malayalam OTT Releases |url=https://www.keralatv.in/pappachan-olivilaanu-ott-release/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903154015/https://www.keralatv.in/pappachan-olivilaanu-ott-release/ |archive-date=3 September 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> The online streaming began on 14 September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pappachan Olivilaanu on OTT: 4 Saiju Kurup comedy films to watch before the OTT release |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/pappachan-olivilaanu-on-ott-4-saiju-kurup-comedy-films-to-watch-before-the-ott-release/0a34725299638 |access-date=13 September 2023 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=12 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112124806/https://www.ottplay.com/news/pappachan-olivilaanu-on-ott-4-saiju-kurup-comedy-films-to-watch-before-the-ott-release/0a34725299638 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
Swathi P. Ajith of ''[[Onmanorama]]'' wrote "The movie's humour serves as a compelling element that holds it together, leading the audience to overlook its drawbacks."<ref>{{Cite web |last=P. Ajith |first=Swathi |date=4 August 2023 |title='Pappachan Olivilaanu' review: A film balancing quirky characters with lacklustre pace |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2023/08/04/pappachan-olivilanu-malayalam-movie-saiju-kurup-aju-varghese-review.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804123154/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2023/08/04/pappachan-olivilanu-malayalam-movie-saiju-kurup-aju-varghese-review.html |archive-date=4 August 2023 |access-date=4 August 2023 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref> Anandu Suresh of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 0.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "''Pappachan Olivilaanu'' is yet another Malayalam film that delves into the realm of experimentation, pushing the boundaries to see 'how far is too far', thus testing the patience of viewers to the very limit."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suresh |first=Anandu |date=4 August 2023 |title=Pappachan Olivilaanu movie review: A mediocre plot dragged down even more by poor writing |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/pappachan-olivilaanu-movie-review-a-mediocre-plot-dragged-down-even-more-by-poor-writing-8876579/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804123153/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/pappachan-olivilaanu-movie-review-a-mediocre-plot-dragged-down-even-more-by-poor-writing-8876579/ |archive-date=4 August 2023 |access-date=4 August 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|title=Pappachan Olivilaanu|id=tt27116770}}
* {{Mojo title|id=27116770}}

[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kothamangalam]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ouseppachan]]
[[Category:2023 directorial debut films]]

Masood Fakhri

2026-03-01T11:02:42Z

Red apple learning:

{{Short description|Pakistani footballer (1932–2016)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Masood Fakhri
| image = Masood Fakhri.webp
| image_size =
| caption = Fakhri with [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]] in 1955
| fullname = Masood Fakhri
| birth_date = {{birth date|1932|11|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Toba Tek Singh District|Toba Tek Singh]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2016|9|6|1932|11|16|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Bangor Teifi]], [[Wales]]
| height = {{height|ft=5|in=9}}<ref>https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10157313253510234&set=a.10150324102835234</ref>
| position = [[Forward (association football)#Winger|Left winger]]
| youthyears1 = 1949–1950
| youthclubs1 = [[Raiders FC|Raiders]]
| years1 = 1950–1952
| clubs1 = [[Punjab football team (Pakistan)|Punjab]]
| years2 = 1952
| clubs2 = [[Raiders FC|Raiders]]
| years3 = 1952–1954
| clubs3 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| caps3 = 30+
| goals3 = 25
| years4 = 1953
| clubs4 = [[Pakistan Railways FC|North-Western Railway]]
| years5 = 1954
| clubs5 = [[Punjab football team (Pakistan)|Punjab]]
| years6 = 1955–1956
| clubs6 = [[Kolkata Mohammedan]]
| caps6 =
| goals6 =
| years7 = 1956–1957
| clubs7 = [[Bradford City A.F.C.|Bradford City]]
| caps7 =
| goals7 = 0
| nationalyears1 = 1952–1955
| nationalteam1 = [[Pakistan national football team|Pakistan]]
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
}}

'''Masood Fakhri''' ({{langx|pa|{{Nastaliq|مسعود فخری}}}}; 16 November 1932 – 6 September 2016) was a Pakistani professional [[association football|footballer]] who played as a [[Forward (association football)#Winger|left winger]].<ref name="NDTV">{{cite news |last1=Sarmah |first1=Bhargab |date=17 September 2016 |title=Masood Fakhri: Pakistan's Football Wizard Who Captivated Kolkata Maidan |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/football/features/262902-masood-fakhri-pakistan-s-football-wizard-who-captivated-kolkata-maidan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919073334/http://sports.ndtv.com/football/features/262902-masood-fakhri-pakistan-s-football-wizard-who-captivated-kolkata-maidan |archive-date=19 September 2016 |access-date=18 September 2016 |work=NDTV Sports}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|first=Ali|last=Ahsan|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/593095/a-history-of-football-in-pakistan-part-i|title=A history of football in Pakistan – Part I|publisher=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|website=www.dawn.com|date=23 December 2010|access-date=1 March 2014|location=Karachi, Pakistan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904220323/https://www.dawn.com/2010/12/23/a-history-of-football-in-pakistan-part-i/|archive-date=4 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=4 October 1953 |title=I.C.L. and East Bengal Draw for the Third Time - Pak Players Included in Calcuta Side - Bombay Team Lodge Protest After Match |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nMw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=W0wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6586%2C427740 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=5 July 2021 |archive-date=5 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705094824/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nMw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=W0wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6586%2C427740 |url-status=live }}</ref> A former [[Pakistan national football team|Pakistani]] international, Fakhri was well known for his time with Indian [[Kolkata]] clubs [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] and [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]].<ref>{{cite web |author=soumen78 |url=https://eastbengalclubrecords.wordpress.com/2016/03/31/list-of-foreign-players-to-play-for-east-bengal-club-from-1942/ |title=List of Foreign Players to Play for East Bengal Club from 1942 – East Bengal Club, India – Records, Funs and Facts |publisher=Eastbengalclubrecords.wordpress.com |date=2016-03-31 |access-date=2018-12-18 |archive-date=19 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019001914/https://eastbengalclubrecords.wordpress.com/2016/03/31/list-of-foreign-players-to-play-for-east-bengal-club-from-1942/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TeamArchives">{{cite web |url=https://www.eastbengalfootballclub.com/team-archives.php |title=TEAM ARCHIVES - East Bengal FC |access-date=13 May 2020 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609144422/https://www.eastbengalfootballclub.com/team-archives.php |archive-date=9 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://eastbengalclub.co.in/teamarchives.html |title=TEAM ARCHIVES - East Bengal FC |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108213722/http://eastbengalclub.co.in/teamarchives.html |archive-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> He was the first Pakistani footballer to score a [[Hattrick (football)|hat trick]] in an international game at the [[Football at the 1954 Asian Games|1954 Asian Games]], and the first player from [[South Asia]] to play in [[England]], where he played for [[Bradford City A.F.C.|Bradford City]] before prematurely retiring.<ref name="legends">{{cite web |title=East Bengal Club - Legends |url=http://eastbengalclub.co.in/legends.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127153453/http://eastbengalclub.co.in/legends.html |archive-date=27 November 2018 |accessdate=1 July 2021 |work=eastbengalclub.co.in |quote=Masood Fakhri: Left-Out. Played for East Bengal from 1952 - 1954. He hailed from Pakistan and was the first sub-continent Footballer to play professional league in England for a couple of years from 1955. He toured USSR and Romania with East Bengal Club in 1953.}}</ref>

==Early life==
Fakhri was born on 16 November 1932 in [[Toba Tek Singh District|Toba Tek Singh]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]]. In 1955 [[Saadat Hasan Manto]]’s highly-acclaimed [[Toba Tek Singh (short story)|short story ''Toba Tek Singh'']] immortalised this town.<ref name="NDTV" />

==Club career==
===Early career===
[[File:Raiders Football Club Lahore in the 1950s.jpg|left|thumb|Fakhri standing at the far right with Raiders FC in the 1950s]]
Fakhri began his career with [[Raiders FC|Raiders]] Club of [[Lahore]] in 1949.<ref name=":22" /> At the age of 18, he represented [[Punjab football team (Pakistan)|Punjab]] in the second [[National Football Championship (Pakistan)|National Football Championship]] held at [[Quetta]] in 1950, he won the third season played two years later in 1952.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=natasha.raheel |date=2016-09-12 |title=Unsung hero: Former Pakistani footballer Masood Fakhri passes away |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1181307/unsung-hero-former-pakistani-footballer-masood-fakhri-passes-away |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Civil & Military Gazette (Lahore) - Friday 17 April 1954 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003221/19540417/079/0006 |access-date=2024-07-07 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}</ref> He also returned to [[Raiders FC|Raiders]] the same year to play in the [[Rovers Cup]] in [[India]] where his team lost to Bombay Amateurs in the semi-finals, and they also beat Central Railways in the third place match.<ref name=":22" /><ref name="riasat2">{{cite news |date=26 September 1952 |title=রোভার্স কাপে পাকিস্তানি দল, ইস্টবেঙ্গলের ফকরি ও রিয়াসত আলির যোগদানের কথা |trans-title=Pakistani team in Rovers Cup, Fakhri and Riasat Ali to join from East Bengal |work=Jugantor |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-08-31 |title=1965: The year India, Pakistan began sparring in sports |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/top-stories/1965-the-year-india-pakistan-began-sparring-in-sports/articleshow/48738942.cms |access-date=2024-08-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

===East Bengal===
[[File:1952 DCM Trophy winning East Bengal team.jpg|thumb|Fakhri standing at the far left with the 1952 [[DCM Trophy]] winning East Bengal team|left]]
He started playing for clubs in [[India]] in 1952, and was 20-year-old when he signed with [[Calcutta Football League]] side [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]].<ref name=noor>{{cite web|author=The World Sports Today|date=1 August 2020|url=https://theworldsportstoday.com/100-years-of-east-bengal-a-timeline-of-kolkata-giants-key-milestones/|title=100 years of East Bengal: A timeline of Kolkata giant's key milestones|work=The World Sports Today|access-date=26 June 2021|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627161358/https://theworldsportstoday.com/100-years-of-east-bengal-a-timeline-of-kolkata-giants-key-milestones/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=scroll>{{Cite web|first=Joydeep|last=Basu|date=25 January 2021|url=https://scroll.in/field/985042/indian-football-fred-pugsley-chima-okorie-ranti-martins-the-foreign-strikers-who-shone-in-india|website=Scroll.in|access-date=26 June 2021|title=Indian football: Fred Pugsley, Chima Okorie, Ranti Martins – the foreign strikers who shone in India|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514105606/https://scroll.in/field/985042/indian-football-fred-pugsley-chima-okorie-ranti-martins-the-foreign-strikers-who-shone-in-india|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=tenbest>{{cite web|first=Ritabrata|last=Banerjee|date=16 May 2020|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/indian-football-east-bengal-10-best-foreigners/10npgrhj9eyrc1969hv0yp2uqf|title=Indian Football - The 10 best foreigners to have played for East Bengal|work=Goal|access-date=27 June 2021|archive-date=14 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214231557/https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/indian-football-east-bengal-10-best-foreigners/10npgrhj9eyrc1969hv0yp2uqf|url-status=live}}</ref> During his first season with the club, Fakhri helped his side win the Calcutta Football League and the prestigious [[Durand Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sen|first=Debayan|date=1 August 2020|url=https://www.espn.in/football/east-bengal/story/4139529/a-century-of-excellence-east-bengals-greatest-hits|title=A century of excellence: East Bengal's greatest hits|website=ESPN|access-date=24 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624211824/https://www.espn.in/football/east-bengal/story/4139529/a-century-of-excellence-east-bengals-greatest-hits|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=top5>{{cite web|first=Sayan|last=Chatterjee|date=6 April 2021|url=https://thebridge.in/football/top-5-foreign-footballers-india-20628|title=Top 5 foreign footballers to have played in India|access-date=26 June 2021|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627161354/https://thebridge.in/football/top-5-foreign-footballers-india-20628|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NDTV"/> Fakhri usually played as a [[Left winger]] and had scored 14 goals in the [[Calcutta Football League]] alongside scoring the winning goals in his first two matches against East Bengal's biggest rivals, [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]], and thus became a fan favorite among East Bengal supporters.<ref name="NDTV"/> Fakhri also helped the team win the [[DCM Trophy]].<ref name="NDTV"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/static/html/fl2017/stories/20030829007813300.htm|title=The saga of East Bengal – The Hindu|website=www.thehindu.com|access-date=9 June 2019|archive-date=2 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702111559/https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/sport/article30218648.ece}}</ref>

From April to May 1953 he also returned to Pakistan representing [[Pakistan Railways F.C.|North-Western Railway]] at the [[National Football Championship (Pakistan)|National Football Championship]].<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":4" /> Upon returning to [[Kolkata]], he was part of the East Bengal team that played against German side [[Kickers Offenbach]] the following month.<ref>{{cite web |author=Neil Morrison |date=12 November 2015 |title=Kickers Offenbach (West Germany) Asian tour 1953 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tableso/ofckickers-asia53.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019153551/http://www.rsssf.com/tableso/ofckickers-asia53.html |archive-date=19 October 2021 |access-date=24 June 2021 |work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> He also scored 5 goals in the [[Calcutta Football League]].

In August 1953, he was part of the East Bengal senior team's tour to the [[4th World Festival of Youth and Students|World Youth Festival]] in [[Bucharest]], where he scored a goal against Lebanon XI in their 6–1 win and against Germany in the third-place play-offs in a 2–5 defeat.<ref name="EBHistory">{{cite web |title=History - East Bengal Club |url=https://eastbengalclub.co.in/history.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930123415/https://eastbengalclub.co.in/history.html |archive-date=30 September 2019 |accessdate=9 November 2019 |work=East Bengal Club}}</ref> He also featured in the friendly against [[FC Torpedo Moscow]] the same month.<ref>{{cite web |title=Soccer Barefoot 1953 (21.08) Torpedo (Ussr) - East Bengal Club (India)- 3-3. Aleks Chistogan – thewikihow |url=https://thewikihow.com/video_efPFVqY0BYU |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609103141/https://thewikihow.com/video_efPFVqY0BYU |archive-date=9 June 2019 |access-date=3 July 2021 |website=www.thewikihow.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Roy |first1=Gautam |last2=Ball |first2=Swapan |date=2007 |title=East Bengal Football Club – Famous Players |url=http://www.eastbengalfootballclub.com/club/famousPlayers3.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221072434/http://www.eastbengalfootballclub.com/club/famousPlayers3.asp |archive-date=21 February 2009 |access-date=25 February 2009 |url-status=usurped |website=www.eastbengalfootballclub.com}}</ref> The team returned from Europe to participate in the [[IFA Shield]] and reached the final where they faced Indian Cultural League. In August 1953, the [[Pakistan Football Federation]] reportedly prohibited Pakistani players from playing in [[India]] without a permit,<ref>{{cite news |author=PTI |date=4 September 1953 |title=Pak Soccer Players Debarred from Playing in India |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NAJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4477%2C4438339 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225193032/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NAJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4477,4438339 |archive-date=25 December 2022 |access-date=26 December 2022 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=PTI |date=2 August 1953 |title=SUSPENDED PAK PLAYERS CAN'T PLAY IN INDIA |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FAJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3226%2C2165351 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928180202/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FAJFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZbcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3226,2165351 |archive-date=28 September 2021 |access-date=28 September 2021 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> but East Bengal still fielded Masood Fakhri and fellow countryman [[Niaz Ali]], stating they had received permission from the [[Pakistan Football Federation|PFF]]. On 3 October 1953, in the 1953 IFA Shield final against the Indian Cultural League on the third replayed final, Fakhri scored for [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]] in the 34th minute.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India 1953 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india53.html |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=www.rsssf.org}}</ref> The game would result in a 1–1 tie.<ref name="ifa1953">{{cite news |date=4 October 1953 |title=I.C.L. and East Bengal Draw for the Third Time - Pak Players Included in Calcuta Side - Bombay Team Lodge Protest After Match |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nMw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=W0wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6586%2C427740 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705094824/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nMw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=W0wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6586%2C427740 |archive-date=5 July 2021 |access-date=5 July 2021 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> The I.C.L. team lodged a complaint with the [[Indian Football Association]] immediately after the match against East Bengal over their fielding the Pakistani players.<ref name="ifa1953" /> On 11 October 1953, the IFA announced I.C.L. as the winners of the [[IFA Shield]]<ref name="ifa1953b">{{cite news |date=12 October 1953 |title=I.C.L. Awarded IFA Shield - Suspension of East Bengal recommended |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pMw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=W0wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6886%2C927703 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705094824/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pMw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=W0wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6886%2C927703 |archive-date=5 July 2021 |access-date=5 July 2021 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref name="ifashieldchamps">{{Cite web |title=India - List of IFA Shield Finals |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-ifahist.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031142319/http://rsssf.com/tablesi/india-ifahist.html |archive-date=31 October 2012 |access-date=5 July 2021 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> after East Bengal failed to produce a written permit for the Pakistani players from the PFF and suspended the club from all football activities until 31 December 1954.<ref name="ifa1953b" /> East Bengal challenged the decision and took the IFA to court after receiving a letter from the PFF president, [[Abdul Motaleb Malik|Dr. A. M. Malik]] on 25 October 1953,<ref name="ifa1953c">{{cite news |date=2 November 1953 |title=I.F.A. Tourney Committee Asked to Reconsider Decision on E. Bengal |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uMw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=W0wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6806%2C2270096 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705121349/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uMw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=W0wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6806%2C2270096 |archive-date=5 July 2021 |access-date=5 July 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> and had their suspension revoked.<ref name="ifa1953d">{{cite news |date=9 November 1953 |title=E. BENGAL CLUB OBTAIN INTERIM INJUNCTION - Suspension By I.F.A. Taken Before Calcutta High Court |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vsw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=W0wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4495%2C2669346 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705121430/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vsw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=W0wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4495%2C2669346 |archive-date=5 July 2021 |access-date=5 July 2021 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref>

=== Return to Punjab ===
In 1954, when the [[National Football Championship (Pakistan)|National Football Championship]] was held in [[Lahore]], he returned to his former team this time featuring under the name of [[Punjab football team (Pakistan)|Punjab Blue]], finding the net in the 80th and 85th minutes against [[Pakistan Railways F.C.|North-Western Railway]] in the final winning by 3–0.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=فٹ بال ہیروز کی دنیا |trans-title=World of Football Heroes |url=https://dunya.com.pk/index.php/sports/2013-04-09/108813 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104201718/https://dunya.com.pk/index.php/sports/2013-04-09/108813 |archive-date=4 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=[[Daily Dunya]] |language=ur |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Mohammedan Sporting===
In 1955, Fakhri signed with another Kolkata club, [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]. He helped the team reach the 1955 [[Rovers Cup]] final, finishing as runners-up, losing to [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]]. The following year, he would go on to win the tournament with [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]] against [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]] where the team avenged their loss from the previous year.<ref name="NDTV"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=India - List of Rovers Cup Finals |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiaroverscuphist.html |access-date=2025-11-06 |website=www.rsssf.org}}</ref>

===Bradford City===
Fakhri was contacted by [[Bert Flatley]], an English [[Football Association]] (FA) coach, regarding the idea of joining [[Bradford City A.F.C.|Bradford City]]. The team participated in the [[English football league system|English football league]]'s third division. On August 8, 1956, Fakhri officially signed a contract with the team following negotiations with [[Peter Jackson (footballer born 1905)|Peter Jackson]], the manager of the club at the time. In addition to paying his fare of £120, City secured him employment at Bradford's textile factories. He left football early for personal reasons in 1957 after just one season with the team.<ref name="NDTV"/><ref>[https://www.sportscrunch.in/legendary-pakistani-footballer-masood-fakhri-silently-passes-away-at-83-in-wales/ Legendary Pakistani footballer Masood Fakhri silently passes away at 83 in Wales] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815145613/https://www.sportscrunch.in/legendary-pakistani-footballer-masood-fakhri-silently-passes-away-at-83-in-wales/ |date=15 August 2022 }} ''sportscrunch.in''. Retrieved 3 July 2021</ref>

==International career==
[[File:Pakistan national football team in 1955.jpg|thumb|Fakhri with the Pakistan national team in 1955 (second sitting from right to left)]]
Fakhri made his international debut with [[Pakistan national football team|Pakistan]] at [[1952 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament]] against [[Sri Lanka national football team|Ceylon]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kapadia |first1=Novy |date=24 April 1983 |title=Puran Bahadur Thapa: India's first hat-trick man |publisher=Sportskeeda |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/puran-bahadur-thapa-indias-first-hat-trick-man |url-status=live |access-date=6 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028070923/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/puran-bahadur-thapa-indias-first-hat-trick-man |archive-date=28 October 2021}}</ref> The same year, he played in a friendly match against [[Iran national football team|Iran]] in [[Karachi]] which resulted in a draw.<ref name=":22" /> He also played in the [[1954 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament|1954]] and [[1955 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament|1955]] Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament.

Fakhri had most notably scored a [[hat-trick]] and became the first player from [[Pakistan]] to do so as his national team thumped [[Singapore national football team|Singapore]] 6–2 in a group stage match at the [[Football at the 1954 Asian Games|1954 Asian Games]] in [[Manila]], [[Philippines]]. He completed the [[hat-trick]] in 5 minutes, scoring at the 42nd, 43rd and 47th minutes of the match.<ref name=":2" /> He had also scored goals against [[India national football team|India]] and [[Myanmar national football team|Myanmar]] during the period.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Nilesh |date=13 September 2016 |title=Masood Fakhri, ex-East Bengal football star from Pakistan, no more |work=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Masood-Fakhri-ex-East-Bengal-football-star-from-Pakistan-no-more/articleshow/54311890.cms |url-status=live |access-date=18 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114195219/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Masood-Fakhri-ex-East-Bengal-football-star-from-Pakistan-no-more/articleshow/54311890.cms |archive-date=14 January 2017}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Fakhri married Rhoda Eileen and lived in [[Llanrwst]], [[North Wales]]. His brother's family settled in [[Great Britain]] as well.<ref name="NDTV" /> After retiring from football, Fakhri lived out the rest of his life living in [[Bangor Teifi]], [[Wales]].<ref name="NDTV"/>

== Death ==
Fakhri would pass away on 6 September 2016, at the age of 83, at the [[Ysbyty Gwynedd|Gwynedd Hospital]] in [[Wales]].<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/masood-fakhri-ex-east-bengal-football-star-from-pakistan-no-more/articleshow/54311890.cms Masood Fakhri, ex-East Bengal football star from Pakistan, no more] ''The Times of India''. Retrieved 3 July 2021</ref><ref name=":1" />

== Legacy ==
{{Quote box
| quote = "The first day I saw Masood Fakhri, I must have been 16. I kept looking at him. It felt as if some prince from a fairytale had come straight into the football field."
| source = [[Chuni Goswami]] wrote as a column in Ananda Bazar Patrika.<ref name="NDTV" />
| align = right
| width = 30%
}}

Fakhri was renowned for his excellent speed, dribbling, close control, and attacking abilities. Being a frequent starter in [[Calcutta]] and on the International stage for [[Pakistan national football team|Pakistan]]. Former national team players, [[Moosa Ghazi]] and [[Ghulam Rabbani]],<ref name=":22" /> praised Fakhri's game, stating that were lucky that Masood Fakhri went to [[London]] early, otherwise it would not have been possible to take the position as a left-winger in his presence. Other such players, [[Yousuf Sr.]], [[Abdullah Rahi]], Lal Muhammad Khamisa, and [[Ghulam Abbas Baloch]] also unanimously agreed that Fakhri was one of the best footballers produced by [[Pakistan]].<ref name=":22" />

Fakhri was also one of the most influential football players in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is also reported that he was the first ever footballer from the subcontinent to play in [[England]] for [[Bradford City A.F.C.|Bradford City]] in the late 50s.<ref name="NDTV" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name="legends" />

== Career statistics ==

=== International goals ===
:''Scores and results list Pakistan's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Fakhri goal.''
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+List of international goals scored by Masood Fakhri
! scope="col" |No.
! scope="col" |Date
! scope="col" |Venue
! scope="col" |Opponent
! scope="col" |Score
! scope="col" |Result
! scope="col" |Competition
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| align="center" | 1
|25 April 1954
|[[Jalan Besar Stadium]], [[Kallang]], Singapore
|{{Fb|SIN|colonial}}
|
|align="center" |2–2
|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]]
|<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Page 12 Singapore Standard, 26 April 1954 |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/page/singstandard19540426-1.1.12 |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |2
| rowspan="3" |2 May 1954
| rowspan="3" |[[Rizal Memorial Stadium]], [[Manila]], Philippines
| rowspan="3" |{{fb|SIN|colonial}}
| align="center" |'''3'''–1
| rowspan="3" align="center" |6–2
| rowspan="3" |[[Football at the 1954 Asian Games|1954 Asian Games]]
|<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Asian Games 1954 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames54.html |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=www.rsssf.org}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |3
| align="center" |'''4'''–1
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
| align="center" |4
| align="center" |'''5'''–2
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
| align="center" |5
|5 May 1954
|[[Rizal Memorial Stadium]], Manila, Philippines
|{{flagg|unpe|Burma|1948|avar=fb}}
| align="center" |'''2'''–1
|align="center" |2–1
|[[Football at the 1954 Asian Games|1954 Asian Games]]
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
| align="center" |6
|19 December 1954
|[[Mohun Bagan Ground|Calcutta FC Ground]], [[Kolkata]], India
|{{flagg|unpe|Burma|1948|avar=fb}}
| align="center" |
| align="center" |1–1
|[[1954 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament]]
|<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Asian Quadrangular Tournament (Colombo Cup) 1952-1955 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/brindies-quad.html |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=www.rsssf.org}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |7
|26 December 1954
|[[Mohun Bagan Ground|Calcutta FC Ground]], Kolkata, India
|{{flagg|unpe|IND|avar=fb}}
| align="center" |
| align="center" |1–3
|[[1954 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament]]
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
| align="center" |8
| rowspan="2" |21 December 1955
| rowspan="2" |[[Bangabandhu National Stadium|Dacca Stadium]], [[Dhaka]], East Pakistan
| rowspan="2" |{{flagg|unpe|Ceylon|1951|avar=fb}}
| align="center" |'''1'''–0
| rowspan="2" align="center" |2–1
| rowspan="2" |[[1955 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament]]
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
| align="center" |9
| align="center" |'''2'''–0
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
| align="center" |10
|24 December 1955
||[[Bangabandhu National Stadium|Dacca Stadium]], Dhaka, East Pakistan
|{{flagg|unpe|IND|avar=fb}}
| align="center" |
| style="text-align:center" |1–2
|[[1955 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament]]
|<ref name=":3" />
|}

==Honours==

===Punjab===
* '''[[National Football Championship (Pakistan)|National Football Championship]]''':
** Winners (2): 1952, 1954

===East Bengal===
* '''[[Calcutta Football League|Calcutta League]]''':
** Winners (1): 1952<ref>{{Cite web|last=Armband|date=9 November 2019|title=East Bengal Football Club: History and Emergence|url=https://www.sports-nova.com/2019/11/09/east-bengal-football-club-history-and-emergence-as-indian-superpower/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609193043/https://www.sports-nova.com/2019/11/09/east-bengal-football-club-history-and-emergence-as-indian-superpower/|archive-date=9 June 2020|access-date=9 June 2020|website=Sports-nova|language=en-GB}}</ref>
* '''[[Durand Cup]]''':
** Winners (1): 1952<ref>{{Cite web|last=Banerjee|first=Ritabrata|date=12 April 2020|title=Indian Football: Down the memory lane – East Bengal's 'Golden era' of 1970s|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-football-down-the-memory-lane-east-bengal-golden-era/sm5c7t807v011wmkp5wjj6zvs|access-date=1 August 2020|website=Goal|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301125229/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/indian-football-down-the-memory-lane-east-bengal-golden-era/sm5c7t807v011wmkp5wjj6zvs|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''[[DCM Trophy]]''':
** Winners (1): 1952

===Mohammedan Sporting===
* '''[[Rovers Cup]]''':
** Winners (1): 1956
** Runners-up (1): 1955

===Pakistan===
* '''[[Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament]]''':
** Winners (1): [[1952 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament|1952]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/brindies-quad.html|title=Asian Quadrangular Tournament (Colombo Cup) 1952–1955|website=RSSSF|access-date=29 September 2021|archive-date=27 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727145000/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesb/brindies-quad.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/colombocup.html|title=The Indian National Team at the Colombo Cup|website=indianfootball.de|access-date=29 September 2021|archive-date=13 June 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030613163424/http://indianfootball.de/data/colombocup.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Runners-up (1):
** [[Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament|1955]]
* Third place (1):
** [[Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament|1954]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/brindies-quad.html#54|title=Asian Quadrangular Tournament 1954 (Calcutta, India)|website=RSSSF|first=Neil|last=Morrison|date=1999|access-date=17 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927000411/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/brindies-quad.html|archive-date=27 September 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Pakistan|Biography|Association football}}

* [[List of footballers who achieved hat-trick records]]
* [[List of Pakistan national football team hat-tricks]]
*[[List of foreign players for SC East Bengal]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|title=East Bengal 100|publisher=Allsport Foundation|date=1 January 2021|first=Gautam|last=Roy|isbn=978-8194763109}}
*{{cite book |last1=Kapadia |first1=Novy |year=2017|title=Barefoot to Boots: The Many Lives of Indian Football |publisher=Penguin Random House |isbn=978-0-143-42641-7 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Martinez| first1=Dolores |last2=Mukharji |first2=Projit B|year=2009|title=Football: From England to the World: The Many Lives of Indian Football |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nbzhAQAAQBAJ&q=kerala+footballer+in+Burma |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-138-88353-6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702174505/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nbzhAQAAQBAJ&dq=kerala+footballer+in+Burma&source=gbs_navlinks_s |archive-date=2 July 2022 }}
*{{cite book|title=Soccer in South Asia: Empire, Nation, Diaspora|year=2001|publisher=Frank Cass Publishers|location=[[London]], United Kingdom|isbn=978-0-7146-8170-2|page=33|last1=Dineo|first1=Paul|last2=Mills|first2=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71JHZiiP3hoC|archive-date=25 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725072732/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Soccer_in_South_Asia.html?id=71JHZiiP3hoC&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y}}
*[[Partha Chatterjee (scholar)|Chatterjee, Partha]]. ''The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Post-colonial Histories'' (Calcutta: [[Oxford University Press]], 1995).
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbUFaAEACAAJ|title=History of Indian Football: Upto 2009–10|first=Nirmal|last=Nath|year=2011|publisher=Readers Service|isbn=9788187891963|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722172604/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/History_of_Indian_Football.html?id=QbUFaAEACAAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y|archive-date=22 July 2022}}

==External links==
* {{NFT player|pid=94709}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fakhri, Masood}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Toba Tek Singh District]]
[[Category:Pakistani men's footballers]]
[[Category:East Bengal Club players]]
[[Category:Footballers from Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistan Railways F.C. players]]
[[Category:Mohammedan SC (Kolkata) players]]
[[Category:Bradford City A.F.C. players]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Men's association football wingers]]
[[Category:Calcutta Football League players]]
[[Category:Pakistan men's international footballers]]
[[Category:Pakistani expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Pakistani expatriate sportspeople in India]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in India]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in England]]
[[Category:Pakistani emigrants to Wales]]
[[Category:Pakistani expatriate sportspeople in England]]
[[Category:Asian Games footballers for Pakistan]]
[[Category:Footballers at the 1954 Asian Games]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani sportsmen]]

St. Anselm's North City School, Jaipur

2026-02-28T07:43:45Z

Red apple learning: made a place w/ infobox...

{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=September 2021}}
{{No significant coverage|date=September 2025}}
{{One source|date=September 2025}}
{{Original research|date=September 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = St. Anselm's North City School, [[Jaipur]]
| native_name =
| latin_name =
| logo =
| seal_image =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = School building of St. Anselm's North City School, Jaipur founded in 2000
| motto = ''Towards Excellence''
| motto_translation =
| location =
| address = Nivaru Road, Jhotwara
| city = [[Jaipur, Rajasthan]]
| postal_code = 302012
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|22.5534|75.4925|display=inline,title}}
| schooltype = [[Convent school|Convent]]
| fundingtype =
| type =
| religious_affiliation = [[Catholic Church]]
| denomination =
| patron = [[St. Anselm]]
| established = {{start date and age|2000}}
| founder = Rev. Fr. Raymond Coelho
| status = Open
| locale =
| sister_school = St. Anselm's Sr. Sec. School, Mansarovar and St. Anselm's Pink City School, Malviya Nagar
| school_board = [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]
| principal = Fr.Paul Pulickal
| authority =
| category =
| category_label =
| oversight =
| oversight_label =
| authorizer =
| superintendent =
| trustee =
| specialist =
| session =
| school_number = 1730256
| school_code = 10601
| president = Rt. Rev Bishop Oswald Lewis
| chair =
| chairman =
| chairperson =
| administrator =
| rector =
| director =
| campus_director =
| headmistress =
| headmaster =
| head_of_school =
| head_teacher =
| executive_headteacher =
| acting_headteacher =
| head =
| head_label =
| chaplain =
| staff = 120
| faculty =
| teaching_staff = 102
| employees =
| grades = L.K.G. - 12
| years = 14
| gender = [[Coeducational]]
| age_range = 4 - 18
| enrollment_as_of =
| enrollment = {{c.|3500}}
| avg_class_size = 50
| ratio = 1:33
| system =
| classes_offered = Arts, science & commerce stream for Senior School
| language = English
| schedule_type =
| schedule =
| hours_in_day = 6
| classrooms = 60
| campuses =
| campus =
| campus_size = {{cvt|40671|sqm}}
| campus_type =
| houses = Blue, green, red, gold
| colours =
| colors =
| slogan = Towards Excellence
| song = पताका गीत
| fight_song =
| athletics =
| athletic_conference =
| sports = [[Basketball]], [[badminton]]
| budget =
| fees = 70000- 106000(INR)
| tuition =
| revenue =
| communities =
| feeder_schools =
| feeder_to =
| graduates =
| affiliations = [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]
| website = {{URL|northcityanselm-jpr.ac.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''St. Anselm's North City School''' is a [[convent]] educational institution located in [[Jaipur, Rajasthan]], India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rawatpublicschool.com|title=Rawat Public School Jaipur {{!}} Best CBSE School in Jaipur, Best School for Kids|last=Group|first=Rawat Educational|website=rawatpublicschool|language=en-US|access-date=2017-04-10}}</ref> The school was founded by Rev. Fr. Raymond Coelho. It is [[Coeducation|co-educational]] and provides liberal education through English medium. The school caters to pupils from the ages of 5 through to 18 or 19 and is open to children of all religious denominations. It is a day scholars school and affiliated to the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]], [[New Delhi]].

==School patron==
{{Main|Anselm of Canterbury}}
[[Anselm of Canterbury|St. Anselm]] came from a noble [[Lombards|Lombard]] family and was born in [[Aosta]] in the [[Italian Alps]]. His mother was a pious [[Burgundians|Burgundian]], but after her death his father's violence and harshness finally caused Anselm to flee France. There, after several years of wandering, he took the [[Benedictine]] habit in 1060 at [[Le Bec-Hellouin|Bec]] ([[Normandy]]), where his countryman Bl. [[Lanfranc]] had started a school at the [[Abbey of Bec]]; soon he was well known for his learning. Within three years he was made [[Prior (ecclesiastical)|Prior]] and after another 15 years [[Abbot]].

As an abbot, St. Anselm had to travel to England from time to time in connection with his [[abbey]]'s English properties. There he became known for his virtues and zeal: So much that in 1099 he was made [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] in the hope that he would be able to cope with the encroachments of [[William II of England|King William the Red]].

Many important writings of this general [[prelate]], who was considered the greatest intellectual of his age, were composed during his two [[exile]]s. They earned him the title of Father of Scholasticism and [[Doctor of the Church]] (1720).

==History==
The history of St. Anselm's School starts from [[Ajmer]], where in 1904, the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|French Capuchin]] Fathers founded St. Anselm's Ajmer. They adopted St. Anselm's motto for the school: ''Deo amabiles et hominibus'', i.e., " Be Pleasing To God And To Men."{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

In 1987 the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ajmer|Diocese of Ajmer-Jaipur]] wanted to start a similar school in the capital city ([[Jaipur]]) to bringing the values and experience of Ajmer. For this they appointed Fr. Raymond Coelho, an educationist who had experience of having run some of the best institutions. He founded St. Anselm's Pink City School with some teachers and employees he had recruited.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

In 2000, Rev. Fr. Raymond Coelho founded St. Anselm's North City School in [[Jaipur]] after his excellent work in St. Anselm's Pink City School. In the beginning the school was started in a small hut with a batch of 60 students and has now turned into a huge building for about 3000 students. Its first batch passed out in 2010. Under the guidance of Rev. Fr. Raymond Coelho, the institution has emerged as one of the leading institute in the state.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==Campus and infrastructure==
The school is situated at Nivaru Road in [[Jaipur]] on the outskirts of city far from the noisy streets of the capital, providing a good environment for the students to learn.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

It has one main school building. There is a large ground in front of the school building and a [[basketball]] court beside the ground. The ground is used for assemblies and ceremonies and is differentiated into a [[association football|football]] field or a [[cricket]] field.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}} The building has the following facilities:
*A gathering place with a stage for assemblies and programmes,
*Principal's office,
*An office,
*2 staff rooms,
*60 classrooms,
*Water filters and coolers for fresh water for the students,
*A library,
*An air-conditioned IP lab for classes XI and XII,
*A computer lab for classes IV to X,
*Two halls for co-curricular activities,
*Physics lab
*Chemistry lab
*Biology lab
*Swimming Pool

The school has a [[chapel]] in the basement of the building, which is visited by the faithful for prayers and to get the blessings of the Lord. The school has a principal residence beside the school building, and a guest house nearby and a small [[peacock]] garden beside the principal's residence.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

The school campus has a [[Church (building)|church]] named Holy Redeemer Church, situated at a distance from the ground surrounded by statues. The church has a hall in its basement that is used for celebrations, counselling or literary society meetings.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

The school campus includes a [[basketball court]]. There is a [[Human swimming|swimming]] complex beside the principal's residence having a [[swimming pool]]. The parking area for the school vans and buses is available near the entrance gate.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==Curriculum==
The school follows the [[continuous and comprehensive evaluation]] (CCE), introduced by [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]], from classes II to X.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

For junior classes the subjects are [[mathematics]], English and [[Hindi]] language and literature, [[social science]], science, [[computer science]], art and crafts, writing skills, [[moral science]], general knowledge.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

For middle classes VI to VIII the subjects are mathematics, English, [[Hindi]] and [[Sanskrit]] language and literature, social science (differentiated into history, [[civics]], geography, science, computer science, art (drawing & craft), moral science, [[environmental studies]] and general knowledge.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

For senior classes IX and X the subjects are mathematics, English, [[Hindi]], literature, social science (differentiated into [[history]], civics, geography, [[economics]] and [[disaster management]]), science (differentiated into [[chemistry]], [[biology]] and [[physics]]), computer science, moral science and environmental studies.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

Class 10th exams cbse boards will be held in April.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

The two streams for senior secondary classes XI and XII are commerce and science. The combination of subjects are:
*Science - PCM (physics, chemistry & mathematics) + IP + English
*Science - PCM + biology + English
*Science - PCM + economics + English
*Science - PCB (physics, chemistry & biology) + economics + English
*Science - PCB (physics, chemistry & biology) + IP + English
*Commerce - (accounting, [[business studies]] & economics) + maths + English
*Commerce - (accounting, business studies & economics) + IP + English
*Arts

Class 12 is prepared for [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] examinations that are held nationwide in April as per the board pattern.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==Houses==
The school is divided into four houses, for promoting academic and athletic competition among the pupils. The houses are Blue, Red, Green and Gold. There is a captain and vice captain of each house. A head-boy and a head-girl are elected irrespective of their house, from class XI.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==Cultural programmes==
*A '''farewell party''' is held every year usually on the second Saturday of February which is given by class XI students to the XII class batch. There is a formal celebration party in 12th class honour and cultural events like drama, dance and songs sung by students followed by the lunch offered by the school for the parents and teachers.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}
*'''[[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] and [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]] Celebrations''' are held on 26 January and 15 August, respectively. The [[Flag of India|national tricolour]] is hoisted by Principal followed by the [[national anthem]] of India. The cultural programme is conducted by students helped by the teachers. [[Republic day]] parades are often held.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}
*'''House Day celebrations''' are held once in a year for each of the four houses on a new theme. These celebrations act as a platform for every student to perform on stage and show their talent in drama, dance and singing in the cultural programme. The wall magazine for each house gives a chance to the students to work in groups and express their art talents.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}
*'''Annual Function''' and '''Annual Sports Meet''' held every year in the month of October and January Respectively.
*'''Class assemblies''' are held during the morning assembly once by each class in the whole academic session.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}
*'''House Day Celebrations'''-The students are allotted different houses at the start of the academic year and throughout the year, the members(students and teachers) are required to set up a program with a theme of their choice which includes cultural programmes as well as artistic representations based on the theme.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==Literary Society meetings==
The meetings are held for the students of classes VI to XI in the church basement hall in three groups. The students offer speeches, debates and perform drama skits. The meetings are organised by the students, usually on a Saturday. At a time only two or three classes have there Literary Society Meeting like classes 6,7,8 go at one time then 9,10 and then 11,12.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Anselm's North City School, Jaipur}}
[[Category:Catholic secondary schools in India]]
[[Category:Primary schools in India]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Christian schools in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Schools in Jaipur]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2000]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in Rajasthan]]

Pilu (TV series)

2026-02-27T07:32:24Z

Red apple learning: New Some Details W/ Infobox - done

{{Short description|2022 Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Pilu tv series.png
| image_alt =
| alt_name =
| genre = {{ubl|[[Drama]]|[[Comedy]]}}
| creator = Samrat Ghosh
| based_on =
| developer =
| screenplay = Saswati Ghosh
| story = Saswati Ghosh
| director = Anup Chakroborty Rajendra Prasad Das
| creative_director = Saswati Ghosh
| starring = {{ubl|Megha Daw|Gourab Roy Chowdhury}}
| theme_music_composer =
| composer = Upali Chattopadhyay
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 305
| executive_producer = {{ubl|Krishanu Ganguly|Shubhangi Ghosh (Zee Bangla)}}
| producer = [[Zee Bangla]]
| location =
| cinematography = Shantanu Dutta
| editor = {{ubl|Jishu Nath|Biplab Mondal}}
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = [[Zee Bangla]]
| network = [[Zee Bangla]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2022|01|10}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2022|11|13}}
| endtheme =
| opentheme = "Hasi Gaane Shobar Prane Pilu"
| related =
}}

'''Pilu''' is a 2022 Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[drama]] television series that released on 10 January 2022 on [[Zee Bangla]]. It is also available on the digital platform [[ZEE5]]. The series is produced under the banner of Zee Bangla Productions. It stars Megha Daw and Gourab Roy Chowdhury in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=এবার মিঠাই কে টক্কর দিতে আসছে জি বাংলার 'পিলু'! ফিরছেন জনপ্রিয় নায়িকা ইধিকা, দেখা যাবে খলনায়িকার চরিত্রে?|url=https://www.kolkatajournal.com/entertainment-news/bengali-serial/everyones-favorite-actress-is-returning-to-zee-bangla-holding-the-hand-of-new-serial-pilu-will-be-seen-in-the-role-of-khal-heroine-10474|access-date=2021-12-23|website=Kolkata Journal|date=12 December 2021|language=bn|archive-date=23 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223110001/https://www.kolkatajournal.com/entertainment-news/bengali-serial/everyones-favorite-actress-is-returning-to-zee-bangla-holding-the-hand-of-new-serial-pilu-will-be-seen-in-the-role-of-khal-heroine-10474|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-01|title=আসছে নতুন ধারাবাহিক 'পিলু', অভিনেতা গৌরবের সাথে নতুন নায়িকা, প্রকাশ পেলো নতুন ট্রেইলার|url=https://www.bharatnews24x7.com/entertrainment/new-series-pilu-coming-soon/28531/|access-date=2021-12-23|website=BharatNews 24x7|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-21|title=জায়গা নিচ্ছে 'পিলু', ১৫০০ পর্ব ছুঁয়ে শেষ হচ্ছে 'করুণাময়ী রাণী রাসমণি'?|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/karunamoyee-rani-rashmoni-to-end-soon-zee-bangla-s-new-show-pilu-to-telecast-on-that-slot-31640055994102.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221035253/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/karunamoyee-rani-rashmoni-to-end-soon-zee-bangla-s-new-show-pilu-to-telecast-on-that-slot-31640055994102.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 December 2021|access-date=2021-12-23|website=Hindustan Times Bangla|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=TV Serial: বদলে যাচ্ছে সম্প্রচারের সময়, নতুন বছরে 'রাসমণি'র জায়গায় আসছে 'পিলু'|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/time-slot-of-rani-rashmoni-will-change-from-january-mega-pilu-will-be-shown-at-that-time-dgtl/cid/1319736|access-date=2021-12-23|website=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|language=bn}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Pilu is a folk singer and comes from a village. Her singing impresses Aditya, who is actually Pilu's father, whom she has never met, owner of "Suramandal" music institute where classical music is practised. Aditya appoints his favorite student, Aahir, as her music teacher to improve her singing system. Despite their initial differences in music, love blossoms between them. A few days later, they are shocked to learn that Aditya is Pilu's father.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pilu Serial: নাচ নয়, গানের সুরে মন মাতাতে ধারাবাহিকে পা রাখছেন 'ডান্স বাংলা ডান্স'-এর প্রতিযোগী! |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/pilu-serial-dance-bangla-dance-contestant-megha-dna-is-stepping-out-in-television-doing-lead-role-in-pihu-857549 |work=bengali.abplive.com |publisher=[[ABP Ananda]] |date=4 January 2022 |language=bn}}</ref>

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* [[Megha Daw]] as Piyali Basu Mallick (née Mukhopadhyay) aka Pilu – a folk singer, Ahir's student turned wife, Sanatan's granddaughter, Aditya and Kalyani's daughter, Rijula's step daughter, Ranja's paternal half-sister<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2021-11-01|title=জি বাংলার নতুন সিরিয়াল পিলুর নায়িকা আসলে কে, রইলো তার পরিচয়|url=https://ichorepaka.in/zee-bangla-new-serial-pilu-cast/|access-date=2021-12-23|website=Entertainment News in Bengali, Latest Tollywood and Bollywood news in Bangla|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-02|title=ডান্স বাংলা ডান্সে এসে নতুন সুযোগ, 'পিলু'তে গৌরবের নায়িকা হয়ে অভিনয়ে ডেবিউ মেঘার|url=https://banglahunt.com/megha-daw-as-pilu-actress-in-new-bengali-serial/|access-date=2021-12-23|website=Bangla Hunt|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Megha Daw in Pilu: 'ডান্স বাংলা ডান্স'-র ফাইনালিস্ট মেঘা এবার 'পিলু'-র কেন্দ্রীয় চরিত্রে|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/photo/megha-daw-dance-bangla-dance-season-11-finalist-gets-break-upcoming-pilu-bengali-serial-lead-character-soc-324037-2021-12-17|access-date=2021-12-23|website=Aaj Tak বাংলা|language=bn}}</ref>
* [[Gourab Roy Chowdhury]] as Aahir Basu Mallick aka Ustaadji – a classical singer, Aditya's student, Pilu's teacher and husband, Sabyasachi and Sohini's son, Ranja's ex-love interest; Mallar's elder cousin brother and rival<ref>{{Cite news|title="I am focusing on workshops and learning more about music," says Gourab Roy Chowdhury on playing a singer in upcoming show 'Pilu'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/i-am-focusing-on-workshops-and-learning-more-about-music-says-gourab-roy-chowdhury-on-playing-a-singer-in-upcoming-show-pilu/articleshow/87455299.cms|access-date=2022-07-05|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|first=Rupsa|last=Sengupta|date=1 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2021-11-02|title=নতুন সিরিয়াল 'পিলু'তে অভিনেতা গৌরব রায় চৌধুরী, বিপরীতে 'ডান্স বাংলা ডান্স'-এর প্রতিযোগী মেঘা|url=https://progotirbangla.com/actor-gaurab-roy-chowdhury-in-new-serial-pilu-opposite-dance-bangla-dance-contestant-megha/|access-date=2021-12-23|website=Progotir Bangla|language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Idhika Paul]] as Ranjini Basu Mallick (née Mukhopadhyay) aka Ranja – Aditya and Rijula's daughter; Pilu's paternal half-sister; Rangan and Raima's cousin sister; Aahir's ex-fiance; Mallar's wife<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-12|title=জি বাংলার জনপ্রিয় নায়িকা ফিরছেন 'পিলু'তে, দেখা যাবে খলনায়িকার চরিত্রে?|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/idhika-paul-aka-rimli-to-make-a-comeback-on-small-screen-with-zee-bangla-s-upcoming-show-pilu-31639293949236.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212081010/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/idhika-paul-aka-rimli-to-make-a-comeback-on-small-screen-with-zee-bangla-s-upcoming-show-pilu-31639293949236.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 December 2021|access-date=2021-12-23|website=Hindustantimes Bangla|language=bn}}</ref>
* [[Dhrubajyoti Sarkar]] as Mallar Basu Mallick aka Ghontu / Mallar Roy Chowdhury (fake) – Sukumar and Rukmini's son; Ahir's cousin brother; Suramandal's former rival; Mallika's elder brother; Ranja's husband

=== Recurring ===
* [[Kaushik Chakraborty]] as [[Aditya Narayan]] Mukhopadhyay – Owner of "Suramandal" music institute; Pandit Gyanendraprasad's student; Kalyani former husband and Rijula's present husband; Pilu and Ranja's father; Ahir's teacher<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=12 December 2021|title=Zee Bangla's popular heroine is returning in 'Pilu', will she be seen as a villain?|url=https://www.indianexpres.in/zee-banglas-popular-heroine-is-returning-in-pilu-will-she-be-seen-as-a-villain/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212084318/https://www.indianexpres.in/zee-banglas-popular-heroine-is-returning-in-pilu-will-she-be-seen-as-a-villain/|archive-date=12 December 2021|access-date=23 December 2021|website=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref>
* [[Anjana Basu]] as Rijula Mukhopadhyay (née Chattopadhyay) aka Manima – Aditya's second wife; Pandit Gyanendraprasad's eldest daughter; Pilu's stepmother; Ranja's mother<ref name=":1">{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharyya |first1=Torsha |title=ক্যামেরা ছুঁয়ে প্রণাম করে 'পিলু'-র শ্যুটিং শুরু করলেন 'ডান্স বাংলা ডান্স'-এর মেঘা |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/pilu-a-love-story-set-in-the-backdrop-of-classical-and-folk-music-at-the-wake-of-the-new-year-857543 |work=bengali.abplive.com |publisher=[[ABP Ananda]] |date=4 January 2022 |language=EN}}</ref>
* [[Moyna Banerjee]] as Kalyani Mitra – Pilu's mother; Aditya's first wife; Ranja's stepmother
* [[Ashok Mukherjee]] as Sanatan Mitra - Kalyani's father; Pilu's grandfather
* [[Biswanath Basu]] as Uday Narayan Mukhopadhyay – A Tabalia; Pilu and Ranja's paternal uncle; Aditya's younger brother; Ritoja's husband; Rangan and Raima's father<ref name=":0"/>
* [[Swarnakamal Dutta]] as Ritoja Mukhopadhyay (née Chattopadhyay) aka Ritu – Gnanendraprasad's youngest daughter; Rijula's younger sister; Uday's wife; Rangan and Raima's mother
* [[Mimi Dutta]] as Mallika Mukhopadhyay (née Basu Mallick) – Aahir's paternal cousin sister; Rangan's wife; Mallar's younger sister; Sukumar and Rukmini's daughter
* [[Rudrajit Mukherjee]] as Rangan Mukhopadhyay – Uday and Ritoja's son; Ranja and Pilu's cousin brother; Raima's elder brother; Shinjinee's ex-love interest; Mallika's husband<ref name=":1" />
* [[Soumi Chakraborty]] as Raima Mukhopadhyay aka Rai – Uday and Ritoja's daughter; Ranja and Pilu's cousin sister; Rangan's younger sister
* Sujoy Saha as Sayan - Rangan's friend.
* [[Aditi Chatterjee]] as Sohini Basu Mullick – Aahir's mother; Sabyasachi's wife; music teacher at "Suramandal"; Mallar and Mallika's paternal aunt
* [[Arindam Banerjee]] as Sabyasachi Basu Mullick – Aahir's father; Sohini's husband; Mallar and Mallika's paternal uncle; Aditya's rival
* Runa Bandyopadhyay as Annapurna Mukhopadhyay aka "Thummum" – Pilu, Ranja, Raima and Rangan's paternal grandmother; Aditya and Uday's mother
* [[Promita Chakraborty]] as Shinjinee – Aditya's friend's daughter; Rangan's former love interest
* Samir Biswas as Purnendu Bose aka "Mamadadu" – A lawyer; Rijula and Ritoja's maternal uncle
* Arijit Guha as Digbijay Basu Mallick aka Panditji – Head of Basu Mallick family; Head of "Suroniketan"; Sabyasachi and Sukumar's father; Aahir, Mallar and Mallika's grandfather
* Shyamashish Pahari as Sukumar Basu Mallick – Sabyasachi's younger brother; Aahir's paternal uncle; Rukmini's husband; Mallar and Mallika's father
* [[Sanjuktaa Roy Chowdhury]] as Rukmini Basu Mallick – Aahir's paternal aunt; Sukumar's wife; Mallar and Mallika's mother
* Chaitali Chakroborty as Bijaya Devi (née Basu Mallick) – Digbijay's younger sister; Sabyasachi and Sukumar's paternal aunt; Aahir, Mallar and Mallika's paternal grandaunt
* [[Biplab Dasgupta]] as Himangshu Singha Roy aka Gurudev – Basu Mallick family's priest
* Sourav Chatterjee as Gokul – Special Priest for Rath Yatra Puja at "Suromondol"
* [[Fahim Mirza]] as Kushal Dutta – Ranja's friend
* Manasi Sengupta as Bindhi - Mallar's fake wife & obsessive lover
* Rupam Singha as Mahadev Roy - Bindhi's husband

=== Guest appearances ===
* [[Saikat Mitra]] as a judge of Spring special [[West Bengal]] Music Research Academy show
* [[Haimanti Shukla]] as a judge of Spring special West Bengal Music Research Academy show

==Reception==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Week
! rowspan="2" | Year
! colspan="2" | [[Broadcast Audience Research Council|BARC]] Viewership
! rowspan="2" | Ref.
|-
! [[Target Rating Point|TRP]]
! Rank
|-
|Week 2
|2022
|7.8
|8
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TRP তালিকা: প্রথম সপ্তাহেই বাজিমাত 'আলতা ফড়িং'-এর, ফের কমলো মিঠাই-এর নম্বর! |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-2-2022-alta-phoring-claims-third-spot-on-opening-week-mithai-holds-onto-number-1-spot-but-losses-some-more-pints-31642663955018.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120084144/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-2-2022-alta-phoring-claims-third-spot-on-opening-week-mithai-holds-onto-number-1-spot-but-losses-some-more-pints-31642663955018.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 January 2022 |work=Hindustan Times Bangla |date=20 January 2022 |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 3
|2022
|7.8
|8
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-28|title=TRP List: শীর্ষস্থান হাতছাড়া হল 'মিঠাই'-এর? ঋষি-পিহুর ম্যাজিকের সামনে ফিকে সকলে!|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-3-2022-mithai-magic-continues-to-woo-audience-mon-phagun-and-gantchora-claims-number-2-spot-31643354603692.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128080034/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-3-2022-mithai-magic-continues-to-woo-audience-mon-phagun-and-gantchora-claims-number-2-spot-31643354603692.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 January 2022|website=Hindustan Times Bangla|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 4
|2022
|7.7
|7
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=TRP: অবিশ্বাস্য! শীর্ষে 'গাঁটছড়া', 'আলতা ফড়িং', কোন স্থানে 'মিঠাই'?|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-4th-week-mithai-gantchhora-aalta-phoring-top-position-mon-phagun-dhulokona-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-television-soc-340320-2022-02-03|access-date=2022-02-04|website=Aaj Tak Bangla|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 5
|2022
|7.4
|8
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-10|title=TRP তালিকা: বিরাট অঘটন! এক থেকে সোজা পাঁচে নেমে গেল 'মিঠাই', কারা করল বাজিমাত?|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-5-mithai-slips-to-5th-spot-from-number-1-position-gatchora-tops-the-chart-31644476170138.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210075104/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-5-mithai-slips-to-5th-spot-from-number-1-position-gatchora-tops-the-chart-31644476170138.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 February 2022|access-date=|website=Hindustan Times Bangla|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 6
|2022
|7.3
|8
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-17|title=TRP তালিকা: ফের ব্যর্থ মিঠাই! গাঁটছড়া না মন ফাগুন, শীর্ষস্থান দখল করল কে?|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-6-2022-gaatchora-holds-onto-number-1-position-mithai-jumps-to-third-place-31645081198149.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217074611/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-6-2022-gaatchora-holds-onto-number-1-position-mithai-jumps-to-third-place-31645081198149.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-17|website=Hindustan Times Bangla|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 7
|2022
|7.2
|10
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-24|title=TRP তালিকা: সেরার মুকুট ফের হাতছাড়া 'মিঠাই'-এর! বড়সড় চমক টিআরপি তালিকায়|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-7-2022-mithai-jumps-one-place-to-become-number-2-gaatchora-remains-bengal-topper-31645684359314.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224090703/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-7-2022-mithai-jumps-one-place-to-become-number-2-gaatchora-remains-bengal-topper-31645684359314.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 February 2022|access-date=|website=Hindustan Times Bangla|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 8
|2022
|7.1
|10
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=TRP: সেরা 'গাঁটছড়া', নম্বর কমল 'মিঠাই'-র! দারুণ ব্যাটিং করল 'লক্ষ্মী কাকিমা...' |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-8th-week-gantchhora-aalta-phoring-mithai-dhulokona-lokkhi-kakima-superstar-top-five-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-television-soc-349945-2022-03-03 |access-date=2022-03-05 |website=Aaj Tak Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 9
|2022
|6.9
|10
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-10 |title=TRP তালিকা: আরও কমল 'মিঠাই'-এর নম্বর, সেরার সেরা 'গাঁটছড়া', কামাল 'ধুলোকণা'র |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-9-2022-mithai-slips-to-number-4-gaatchora-holds-onto-no-1-position-dhulokona-made-it-to-the-top-2-31646896028972.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310072947/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-9-2022-mithai-slips-to-number-4-gaatchora-holds-onto-no-1-position-dhulokona-made-it-to-the-top-2-31646896028972.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 March 2022 |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=Hindustan Times Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 10
|2022
|7.4
|10
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TV Serial: নম্বর কমেছে 'গাঁটছড়া'র! 'মিঠাই' কি ফের হারানো জায়গা ফিরে পাচ্ছে? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/gantchora-has-slipped-down-the-rating-chart-while-mithai-climbs-up-again-dgtl/cid/1334093 |access-date=17 March 2022 |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 11
|2022
|7.4
|10
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-24 |title=TRP: এগিয়ে এল 'মিঠাই', সেরার জায়গা হারাল 'গাঁটছড়া'? এ কী হাল 'মন ফাগুন'-এর |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-11-2022-gaatchora-still-holds-no-1-position-mithai-made-it-to-the-top-2-and-mon-phagun-slip-to-4th-position-31648103708451.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326035523/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-week-11-2022-gaatchora-still-holds-no-1-position-mithai-made-it-to-the-top-2-and-mon-phagun-slip-to-4th-position-31648103708451.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 March 2022 |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=Hindustan Times Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 12
|2022
|7.6
|9
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-31 |title=TRP তালিকা: অপ্রতিরোধ্য 'গাঁটছড়া', গোধূলি আলাপ-কে শুরুতেই রিজেক্ট করল দর্শক! |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-gaatchora-tops-the-chart-again-godhuli-alap-fails-to-impress-audience-on-first-week-31648707066271.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401033806/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-list-gaatchora-tops-the-chart-again-godhuli-alap-fails-to-impress-audience-on-first-week-31648707066271.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 April 2022 |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=Hindustan Times Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 13
|2022
|7.3
|6
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=TRP: ফের শীর্ষে 'মিঠাই', চমক 'অনুরাগের ছোঁয়া'-র! কত নম্বরে 'গাঁটছড়া'? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-13th-week-mithai-gantchhora-aalta-phoring-anurager-chhowa-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-361725-2022-04-07 |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Aaj Tak Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 14
|2022
|7.2
|7
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=TRP: নম্বর কমল 'মিঠাই', 'গাঁটছড়া'-র! চমক দিল 'গৌরী', কে কোন স্থানে? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-14th-week-mithai-gantchhora-gouri-elo-anurager-chhowa-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-364047-2022-04-14 |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=Aaj Tak Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 15
|2022
|6.1
|6
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=TRP: শীর্ষ স্থান হারাল 'মিঠাই'! চমক দিল 'ধুলোকণা', কত স্কোর 'গাঁটছড়া'-র? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-15th-week-gantchhora-dhulokona-mithai-aalta-phoring-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-366340-2022-04-21 |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=Aaj Tak Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 16
|2022
|6.2
|7
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=TRP: বিরাট রদবদল! শীর্ষে নেই 'মিঠাই'-'গাঁটছড়া', দারুণ ব্যাটিং 'ধুলোকণা'-র |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-16th-week-dhulokona-mithai-gantchhora-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-368590-2022-04-28 |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=Aaj Tak Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 17
|2022
|5.6
|9
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=TRP: এবারও শীর্ষে নেই 'মিঠাই! ছক্কা মারল 'গাঁটছড়া' না 'ধুলোকণা'? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-17th-week-dhulokona-gantchhora-mithai-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-371189-2022-05-06 |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=Aaj Tak Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 18
|2022
|5.7
|10
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=TRP: শীর্ষ স্থানে নেই 'ধুলোকণা'! শুরুতেই বাজিমাত 'লালকুঠি'-র, সেরা 'মিঠাই না 'গাঁটছড়া'? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-18th-week-gantchhora-mithai-dhulokona-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-373245-2022-05-12 |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=Aaj Tak Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|Week 19
|2022
|6.1
|7
|<ref>{{cite news |title=TRP: চমক দিয়ে সেরা দশে রয়েছে ১৭ মেগা! শীর্ষ স্থান দখল করল কে? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2022-19th-week-gantchhora-mithai-dhulokona-gouri-elo-top-three-see-barc-weekly-rating-chart-bangla-serial-soc-375509-2022-05-19 |access-date=19 May 2022 |work=Aaj Tak Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>
|}

== Production ==
=== Promo shoot ===
The first promo of this series was shot at Saharajore Irrigation Scheme at [[Purulia district|Purulia]].<ref>{{cite news |title='Pilu' set to launch soon; team shoots in Purulia - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/pilu-set-to-launch-soon-team-shoots-in-purulia/articleshow/88447325.cms |work=The Times of India |date=23 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Zee Bangla}}

[[Category:Zee Bangla original programming]]
[[Category:Bengali-language television programming in India]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series endings]]

Pavalamalai Muthukumara Swamy Temple

2026-02-25T09:51:53Z

Red apple learning: New Some Bio W/ Sources

{{Short description|Temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Pavalamalai Muthukumara Swamy Temple
| image =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|11|27|34|N|77|27|14|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| native_name =
| country = India
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Erode District|Erode]]
| location = Pavalamalai, [[Gobichettipalayam]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Murugan]]
| festivals = {{hlist| [[Thai Poosam]] |[[Panguni Uthiram]] |[[Shashthi Vrata|Kanda Sashti]] |[[Vaikasi Visakam]]}}
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| established =
| creator =
| website =
}}
The '''Pavalamalai Muthukumara Swamy Temple''' is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Murugan]], located near [[Gobichettipalayam]] in [[Tamil Nadu]]. The temple is located atop of a small hillock.

== Mythology and history ==
According to temple legend, the origins can be traced back to [[Hindu mythology]]. [[Vayu]], the wind god, and [[Adhisesha]], the lord of serpents, had a dispute as to who is stronger. While Vayu blew with full force, Adhisesha bound himself to the mythical [[Mount Meru]]. Parts of the mountain were dislodged due to the force of the wind, and fell to the Earth. One such piece formed the Pavala Malai, meaning hill of [[coral]] in [[Tamil language]]. As per ''[[Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam]]'', when [[Murugan]] chose to retreat to the [[Palani Hills]], he chose the hill as one of his abode, and a temple was built later.<ref name="DM">{{cite web|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=1757|title=Pavalamalai Muthukumara Swamy Temple|work=[[Dinamalar]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref><ref name="IBC">{{cite web|url=https://ibcbakthi.com/article/pavalamalai-murugan-temple-in-tamil-1732357082|title=Pavalamalai Muthukumara Swamy Temple|work=IBC Tamil|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref><ref name="MM">{{cite web|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/devotional/temples/2019/03/21093900/1233307/pavalamalai-murugan-temple.vpf|title=Pavalamalai Muthukumara Swamy Temple|work=[[Maalai Malar]]|access-date=1 June 2025|lang=ta}}</ref> The hill finds mention in the ''[[Thirukutrala kuravanji]]'' composed by Thirigudarasapa Kavirayar in the 17th century CE.<ref name="DM"/>

== Shrines ==
The main deity is represented as a young and [[celibate]] Murugan.<ref name="DM"/> There are individual shrines for his consorts [[Deivanai]] and [[Valli]].<ref name="DM"/><ref name="MM"/> In the premises of the temple, there are shrines dedicated to various other Hindu gods and goddesses, including [[Ganesha|Ganapathy]], [[Shiva|Kailasanathar]] and his consort [[Parvati|Periya Nayagi]], and the [[Navagraha]].<ref name="DM"/><ref name="IBC"/><ref name="MM"/> Shiva is manifested as a [[swayambu]] [[lingam]].<ref name="IBC"/> There is also a shrine of [[Idumban]].<ref name="IBC"/><ref name="MM"/>

== Practices and festivals ==
The Thiri Satha [[Archana (Hinduism)|archanai]] (three hundred chants) is a special archana performed at the temple. As Murugan is considered to have six faces, fifty mantras are chanted per face. As per Hindu mythology, the mantra was used by the [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]] to worship Murugan. People worship the deity chanting the mantra to ward off ill effects, and for obtaining a blessing for a happy life.<ref name="DM"/><ref name="IBC"/><ref name="MM"/> People also perform the archana and offer [[payasam]], a sweet, to the deity on Tuesdays to ward of the evil effects of [[Mangala]] ([[Mars]]).<ref name="DM"/> [[Milk]] [[abhisheka]] is performed for Kailasanathar and Periya Nayagi on Tuesdays.<ref name="DM"/>

Special puja is conducted on the [[purnima]] day of the Tamil month of [[Chithirai]]. The annual [[temple car]] festival is celebrated during the month of [[Thai (month)|Thai]].<ref name="IBC"/> [[Vaikasi Visakam]] is celebrated in the month of [[Vaikasi]] (May–June) and commemorates the birth of Murugan.<ref>{{cite news|title=Vaikasi Visakam: Date, Time, Significance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/religion/festivals/vaikasi-visakam-2024-date-time-rituals-and-how-it-is-celebrated/articleshow/110325901.cms|access-date=1 June 2024|newspaper=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> Special puja and [[Homa (ritual)|Homam]] is performed on the day.<ref name="DM"/><ref name="IBC"/> During the final day of [[Shashthi Vrata|Skanda Shashthi]], [[Soorasamharam]] ritual, which signifies Murugan's vanquishing of the demon [[Surapadman]], is celebrated.<ref name="IBC"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/ta/!spiritual/kanda-sashti-soorasamharam-festival-celebrated-in-murugan-temples-with-the-slogan-of-arogara-tns24110706901|title=Soorasamharam festival celebrated in Murugan temples|work=[[ETV Bharat]]|lang=ta|date=7 November 2024|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> During [[Thaipusam]], special abhisheka is performed and Murugan is decorated with flowers.<ref name="DM"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/news/tamilnadu/kovil-893858|title=Thaipusam celebrated in Murugan temples in Erode district|date=5 February 2023|access-date=1 June 2025|work=[[Daily Thanthi]]|lang=ta}}</ref> A large lamp is usually lit on the occasion of [[Karthigai Deepam]] after pujas are performed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/news/tamilnadu/kovil-852664|title=Lamp lit in temples during Karthigai Deepam|date=6 December 2022|access-date=1 June 2025|work=[[Daily Thanthi]]|lang=ta}}</ref> During the festivals, people often carry [[kavadi]] and milk pots, and other offerings to the deity.<ref name="DM"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Murugan temples}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Erode district]]
[[Category:Murugan temples in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Places in Gobichettipalayam]]

Bakarwal people

2026-02-20T12:22:55Z

Red apple learning:

{{Short description|Pastoral nomadic Gujjar sub-group found in Himalayan regions of India and Pakistan}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}

{{Infobox ethnic group
| group =
| native_name = بکروال
| image = File:BAKARWALS_RAJOURI.jpg
| image_caption = The Bakarwals of Rajouri
| regions =
*{{flag icon|Pakistan}} Pakistan, [[Azad Kashmir]]
*{{flagicon|India}} India, [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| population = 1,13,198 ([[2011 census of India|2011 census]])<ref name=":pop2" />
| pop1 =
| pop2 =
| pop3 =
| ref3 =
| languages = [[Urdu]] • [[Gujari|Gojri]] • [[Dogri language|Dogri]] • [[Pahari-Pothwari|Pothwari]]
| religions = [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|20px]] [[Sunni Islam]]
| related_groups = [[Gaddis]] • [[Van Gujjar people]] • [[Muslim Gujjars]]
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Bakarwal''' (also spelled '''Bakkarwal''', or '''Bakerwal''') are a [[Nomadic people|nomadic]] Muslim ethnic group and a sub-group of the larger [[Gujjar]] community.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rahi |first=Javaid |url=https://www.academia.edu/43050675/The_GUJJARS_Vol_06_A_Book_on_History_and_Culture_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Ed_Javaid_Rahi |title=The Gujjars -Gojri Language Number-Vol 06 by Dr. Javaid Rahi |publisher=Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture , Languages , Jammu |pages=221 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Dar |first=Sajad Ahmad |date=2023-01-31 |title=The Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir and their changing marriage rituals |journal=Pastoralism |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=1 |doi=10.1186/s13570-022-00264-2 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023Pasto..13....1D |issn=2041-7136}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bose |first=Sumantra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gq9FEAAAQBAJ |title=Kashmir at the Crossroads: Inside a 21st-Century Conflict |date=2021-12-07 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-26271-1 |pages=237 |language=en |quote=The Gujjars and their sub-group Bakerwals (literally: livestock-herders) are mostly poor people who inhabit remote highland areas and have an ethnolinguistic identity that is distinct from that of the much more numerous Kashmiri-speaking Muslims.}}</ref> They primarily inhabit the Indian Union Territories of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]], where they have been listed as a [[Scheduled Tribe]] since 1991.<ref name="Bamzai">{{Cite news |last=Bamzai |first=Sandeep |date=6 August 2016 |title=Kashmir: No algorithm for Azadi |url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/kashmir-no-algorithm-for-azadi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810045102/https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speaks/kashmir-no-algorithm-for-azadi/ |archive-date=10 August 2016 |newspaper=Orf |publisher=Observer Research Foundation}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last1=Rashid |first1=Abdul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iYRIEAAAQBAJ&dq=bakarwal+gujjar&pg=PA328 |title=Know Your State Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh |last2=Sultan |first2=Farah |date=2021-07-28 |publisher=Arihant Publications India limited |isbn=978-93-257-9092-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Nasir |first=Syed Mahmood |date=2021 |title=From Nomadic to Sedentary Life: A Study of the Bakarwal Community of Pakistan |url=http://dspace.qau.edu.pk:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/19386 |journal=Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad |pages=284 |via=QAU Research Repository}}</ref> The [[Gujjar]]-Bakarwal are among the largest Muslim [[tribal communities]] in the region and constitute the third-largest ethnic group in the Indian-administered part of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite web |date=3 December 2022 |title=History & politics of systematic marginalization of Gujjar-Bakerwal tribe: A Subaltern Narrative |url=https://www.thedispatch.in/history-politics-of-systematic-marginalization-of-gujjar-bakerwal-tribe-a-subaltern-narrative/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Javid |first1=Shahid |last2=Muthukumar |first2=Dr J. |date=2024-02-08 |title=Cultural And Traditional Life Of Gujjar And Bakarwal Tribes Of Jammu And Kashmir |url=https://migrationletters.com/index.php/ml/article/view/8537 |journal=Migration Letters |language=en |volume=21 |issue=S1 |pages=1097–1105 |issn=1741-8992}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Anita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7n7KQgAACAAJ |title=The Bakkarwals of Jammu and Kashmir: Navigating Through Nomadism |last2=Allana |first2=Nandita Jaishankar |last3=Chaudhuri |first3=Dipa |date=2009 |publisher=Niyogi Books |isbn=978-81-89738-48-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

The Bakarwal are traditionally [[pastoral nomads]], known for seasonally migrating with their livestock in search of suitable grazing pastures.<ref name=":0" /> Their annual transhumance involves moving between high-altitude meadows in the summer and lower-altitude areas during the winter. They were officially enumerated as a distinct group for the first time during the [[2001 census of India|2001 Census of India]].<ref name=":0" />

They inhabit a vast area stretching from the [[Pir Panjal Range]] to [[Zanskar]], located in the [[Himalayan mountains]] of India .<ref name="Khatana">{{Cite book |last=Khatana |first=Ram Parshad |title=Tribal Migration in Himalayan Frontiers: Study of Gujjar Bakarwal Transhumance Economy |publisher=South Asia Books (Vintage Books) |year=1992 |isbn=978-81-85326-46-7 |location=[[Gurgaon]], India}}</ref><ref name="Anita Sharma">{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Anita |title=The Bakkarwals Of Jammu And Kashmir: Navigating Through Nomadism |publisher=Niyogi Books |year=2009 |isbn=978-81-89738-48-8 |location=[[Delhi]], India}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Ali |first=Z. K. |date=2014-06-03 |title=Gujjar-Bakarwals - A Unique and Significant Ethnic Group of Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/india-2/gujjar-bakarwals-a-unique-and-significant-ethnic-group-of-jammu-and-kashmir/41473 |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=Your Article Library |language=en-US}}</ref> Their seasonal migration patterns encompass regions such as [[Suru Valley]] and [[Kargil]] in [[Ladakh]], and they traverse the [[Pir Panjal Range|Pir Panjal]] and [[Banihal Pass|Banihal]] passes during their [[transhumance]].<ref name=":1" /> This extensive migration route underscores their deep-rooted connection to the diverse terrains and climates of the Himalayan region.<ref name=":1" />

==History and origin==
Bakarwals and [[Gujjars]] are often grouped together as a single [[Ethnic community|social and ethnic community]] due to their shared [[Ancestor|ancestry]], [[language]], [[religion]], and [[cultural practice]]s.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Mehmood |first=Tahir |date=June 2024 |title=Overcoming Obstacles: The Journey of Gujjar-Bakarwal in Jammu and Kashmir since Independence |url=https://theacademic.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/13.pdf |journal=Research Scholar, Department of History, Panjab University, Chandigarh |volume=2 |pages=134 |via=The Academic}}</ref> Both groups speak dialects of [[Gojri]], practice Islam, and follow similar customs in terms of dress, food, and social organization.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> As a result, they are frequently treated as a unified tribal category in official classifications and government records, particularly in the context of their [[Scheduled Tribe|Scheduled Tribe status]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]].

The Bakarwal community is not limited to [[India]]; they are also found in [[Azad Kashmir]], Pakistan. Significant populations of Bakarwals reside in some areas of [[Azad Kashmir|Azad Jammu and Kashmir]]. These areas serve as important seasonal and permanent settlements for the community, reflecting their traditional patterns of transhumance and pastoralism.<ref name=":7" />

Despite these commonalities, [[Gujjars]] and Bakarwals are often distinguished by their traditional modes of livelihood.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> Bakarwals are primarily a [[Nomadic pastoralism|nomadic pastoralist]] group who migrate seasonally with their herds of sheep and goats in search of grazing pastures in the [[Himalayas|Himalayan highlands]] during summer and lower-altitude regions in winter.<ref name=":5" />

One view suggests that the Bakarwals emerged in the twentieth century as a mix of [[Gujjars]], [[Awan (tribe)|Awans]], and others from present-day [[Hazara region|Hazara, Pakistan.]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gandhi, Sumirtha ; Dash, Umakant |first1=Verma, Veenapani Rajeev |date=2019 |title=Traversing the margins: Access to healthcare by Bakarwals in remote and conflict-prone Himalayan regions of Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://pastoralismjournal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13570-019-0137-9.pdf |journal=Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=2 |bibcode=2019Pasto...9....2V |doi=10.1186/s13570-019-0137-9 |access-date=24 July 2024 |quote=As an ethnic group, they emerged only since the beginning of the twentieth century from a conglomerate of other groups of pastoralists and peasants including Gujjars and Awans who migrated to Jammu and Kashmir from the Kunhar and Allai valleys in what is today the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. |doi-access=free}}</ref> However, this view is not recognized by the '''Bakarwals''' themselves, and there is no historical or traditional evidence supporting such an origin.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" />

The Bakarwals and [[Gujjars]] in [[Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir]] sometimes practice inter-tribal marriages as well.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-yUy7QpJp7MC&q=Bakarwals&pg=PA21 |title=Epilogue, Vol 4, Issue 5 |publisher=Epilogue -Jammu Kashmir |pages=21 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|year=1994|last1=Raha |first1=Manish Kumar |last2=Basu |first2=Debashis|chapter=Ecology and Transhumance in the Himalaya|editor-last1=Kapoor |editor-first1=Anuk K. |editor-last2=Kapoor |editor-first2=Satwanti|title=Ecology and Man in the Himalayas|location=New Delhi |publisher =M. D. Publications|pages=33–48, pages 43–44 |isbn=978-81-85880-16-7
}} citing an unpublished paper by Negi, R. S. ''et al.'' "Socio-Economic Aspirations of Guijjara and Bakerwal"</ref>{{full citation needed|date=January 2024}}

== Etymology ==
The term Bakarwal is an occupational one and is derived from the [[Gojri language|Gojri]]/Punjabi or Dogri word ''[[Goat|Bakari]]'' or Bakra meaning goat or sheep, and ''wal'' meaning "one who takes care of".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Manglik |first=Mr Rohit |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Tribes_of_India_Identity_Culture_and_Lor/hLEzEQAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=Tribes of India Identity, Culture and Lore: [9789369069101] |date=2023-01-23 |publisher=EduGorilla Publication |isbn=978-93-6906-910-1 |pages=92 |language=en |quote=Etymologically the word Bakarwal is derived from the Hindi/Urdu/Punjabi/Kashmiri/Dogri terms, Bakri or Bakar meaning "goat or sheep", and Wal meaning "one who takes care of".}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chandar |first=Dr Subhash |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NuxXEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA128&dq=term+Bakarwal+is&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQ7IO3gJuOAxUfSGwGHcbODhgQ6wF6BAgOEAU#v=onepage&q=term%20Bakarwal%20is&f=false |title=Dalit Communities in Their Indigenous Culture - A Sociological Study of Saraj Area in Jammu Region |date=2025-04-18 |publisher=BFC Publications |isbn=978-93-6370-970-6 |pages=128 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Khatana" />

==Religion==
The Bakarwals are completely Muslim and adhere to the [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] sect of Islam, similar to other [[Muslim Gujjars|Muslim Gujjar]] communities.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Podder |first=Tanushree |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xSwWEQAAQBAJ&dq=Bakarwals+are+sunni+Muslim&pg=PT128 |title=Men of Steel: Bravehearts of the Indian Military {{!}} True Stories from 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War to 2020 Galwan Valley Skirmish {{!}} Books on Indian Army for Teens |date=2024-07-29 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5708-554-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Havea |first=Jione |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rpz5EAAAQBAJ&dq=Bakarwals+are+sunni+Muslim&pg=PA90 |title=Vulnerability and Resilience: Body and Liberating Theologies |date=2020-01-28 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC |isbn=978-1-9787-0364-3 |pages=90 |language=en}}</ref>

==Subgroups==
The Bakarwal Gujjars are primarily divided into two major subgroups: Kunhari Bakarwal and Illahiwal Bakarwal.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubRIAAAAYAAJ |title=Antiquity to Modernity in Tribal India: Tribal movements in India |date=1998 |publisher=Inter-India Publications |isbn=978-81-210-0386-5 |pages=163 |language=en}}</ref> Moreover, Bakarwals, like other Gujjar communities, are also subdivided into numerous sub-clans.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Qazi |first=S. A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZh3Zkoqtc4C&dq=clans+of+Bakarwals&pg=PA176 |title=Systematic Geography of Jammu and Kashmir |date=2005 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-786-3 |pages=176 |language=en}}</ref>

===Kunhari===
The Kunhari is a subgroup of Bakarwals who claimed their origin from the [[Kunar Province|Kunar province]] of Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khatana |first=Ram Parshad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9SBuAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribal Migration in Himalayan Frontiers: Study of Gujjar Bakarwal Transhumance Economy |date=1992 |publisher=Vintage Books |isbn=978-81-85326-46-7 |pages=52 |language=en |quote=The Kunhari Gujjar Bakarwals claim that their ancestors came from the valley of Kunhar.}}</ref>

===Illahiwal===
The Illahiwal are those who claimed their origin from the Illahiwal region in the [[Kohistan District, Pakistan|Kohistan]] and [[Swat District|Swat]] districts of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rahi |first=Javaid |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kkltEAAAQBAJ&dq=Illahiwal+Bakarwal&pg=PA313 |title=The Gujjars -Gojri Language Number-Vol 03 by Dr. Javaid Rahi |publisher=Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture , Languages , Jammu |pages=313 |language=en}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
The Bakarwal nomads are traditionally found throughout the Himalayan regions of [[Himalayas|India]] and [[Pakistan]], including parts of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]] and [[Azad Kashmir]].<ref name=":7" /><ref name="Khatana" /><ref name="Anita Sharma" /><ref name=":1" />

=== Jammu and Kashmir ===
[[File:Distribution of Gurjars & Bakarwals in Kashmir and Ladakha.png|thumb|Bakarwal and Gujjar people]]
The Bakarwal, often counted alongside the [[Gujjars]], constitute a significant portion of the tribal population.<ref name=":1" /> The [[Gujjar]] and Bakarwal are estimated to be around 20% of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref name=":5" />

=== Ladakh ===
The Muslim [[Gujjars]] and Bakarwal communities in [[Ladakh]] are traditionally [[Pastoralism|pastoralists]], grazing livestock in areas like [[Rangdum]]. Recently, disputes over land encroachment and unauthorized construction have arisen. In 2024, the Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh intervened to address these issues, including the illegal occupation of grazing land and the ongoing legal dispute over land rights in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon'ble Lt Governor Brig (Dr) BD Mishra (Retd) holds meeting to discuss infiltration of Gujjar-Bakarwal in Rangdum. {{!}} The Administration of Union Territory of Ladakh {{!}} India |url=https://ladakh.gov.in/honble-lt-governor-brig-dr-bd-mishra-retd-holds-meeting-to-discuss-infiltration-of-gujjar-bakarwal-in-rangdum/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Excelsior |first=Daily |date=2024-06-17 |title=LG Ladakh addresses grazing dispute in Rangdum areas |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/lg-ladakh-addresses-grazing-dispute-in-rangdum-areas/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Daily Excelsior |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=The Dispatch Staff |date=2024-06-16 |title=LG Mishra discusses infiltration of Gujjar-Bakarwal in Rangdum as Kishtwar violates agreement |url=https://indusdispatch.in/lg-mishra-discusses-infiltration-of-gujjar-bakarwal-in-rangdum-as-kishtwar-violates-agreement/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Indus Dispatch |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Himachal Pradesh ===
The Bakarwal nomads are also found in the Himalayan state of [[Himachal Pradesh]], which borders [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Tibet]].<ref name=":42">{{Cite journal |last=Vishav |first=Jyothi |date=2020 |title=Pastoral Life of Muslim Gujjars: A Study of Life of Gujjar in Mandi District, Himachal Pradesh, India |url=https://www.grassrootsglobal.net/mer2020/pdf_files/dr-vishav-jyoti_preprint.pdf |journal=Department of Sociology, G.D.C Darlaghat, District Solan Himachal Pradesh, India |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rahi |first=Dr Javaid |date=2012 |title=The GUJJARS -Vol : 01 A Book on History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe : Ed Javaid Rahi |url=https://www.academia.edu/41978043 |journal=Academia |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=729}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Saini |first=Rahul |date=2024-01-01 |title=The Gujjar Bakarwal Nomads of the Himalayas - |url=https://www.academia.edu/123541878 |journal=Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research }}</ref>

=== Pakistan ===
In Pakistan, the Bakarwal are primarily found in some areas of [[Azad Jammu and Kashmir]], where they continue their nomadic traditions across mountainous and highland regions.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2025-05-11 |title='We just want peace': Kashmiri nomadic shepherds yearn for stability amid India-Pakistan tensions |url=https://arab.news/7mkx3 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref>

==== Azad Kashmir ====
In [[Azad Kashmir|Azad Jammu and Kashmir]], the Bakarwal are a nomadic pastoralist community traditionally engaged in the seasonal herding of goats and sheep. They migrate annually across the Pir Panjal and Himalayan mountain ranges in search of grazing pastures, often traveling long distances by foot. Their routes typically span from lowland areas such as [[Kharian Tehsil|Kharian]] to high-altitude plateaus like [[Deosai National Park|Deosai]] in [[Gilgit-Baltistan]], passing through regions including [[Muzaffarabad]], [[Garhi Dupatta]], and the [[Neelum District|Neelum Valley]].<ref name=":10" />

==Population==
{{historical populations|21=2001|22=60,724|23=2011|24=1,13,198|percentages=pagr|footnote=source: [[2001 Indian census|2001 census]]<ref name=":pop1">{{Cite book |last=Manglik |first=Mr Rohit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hLEzEQAAQBAJ |title=Tribes of India Identity, Culture and Lore: [9789369069101] |date=2023-01-23 |publisher=EduGorilla Publication |isbn=978-93-6906-910-1 |pages=92 |language=en |quote=With a total population of 60,724 (2001 Census) the Bakarwals are spread throughout the northern part of the Himalayan Range.}}</ref> - [[2011 Indian census|2011 census]]<ref name=":pop2">{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Vikas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kQviEAAAQBAJ |title=Numbers as Political Allies: The Census in Jammu and Kashmir |date=2024-01-04 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-009-31722-1 |pages=184 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-10 |title=Educational Status of Gujjars and Bakarwals in J&K |url=https://www.jkpi.org/educational-status-of-gujjars-and-bakarwals-in-jk/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=JK Policy Institute |language=en-GB}}</ref> |align=right}}

The Bakarwal population in Jammu and Kashmir was 60,724 according to the [[2001 census of India|2001 Indian census]].<ref name=":pop1" />

The [[2011 census of India|2011 Indian census]] showed a 6.43% increase in the Bakarwal population, reaching 113,198 in the [[Jammu division|Jammu]] and [[Kashmir division|Kashmir]] region.<ref name=":pop2" />

== Economy ==
As sheep and goat rearing [[Transhumance|transhumants]], the Bakarwals alternate with the seasons between high and low altitudes in the hills of the [[Himalayas]]. From here, it is clear to see that the Bakarwals mainly follow a migration route through the foothills of the Himalayas as they can be found on the [[Hindu Kush|Upper Himalayan Range]] all the way down into the [[Lower Himalayan Range]].<ref name="Khatana"/>{{page needed|date=August 2023}}

== Social status ==
{{As of|1991}}, the Bakarwal were classified as a Scheduled Tribe under the [[Reservation in India|Indian government's general reservation program]] of [[positive discrimination]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of |first=India |title=Scheduled Tribes list of Jammu and Kashmir, India |url=https://tribal.nic.in/downloads/CLM/CLM_1/17.pdf |website=www.tribal.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|publisher=Census of India: Government of India |date=7 March 2007 |title=List of Scheduled Tribes |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/scst_main.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207163453/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/scst_main.html |archive-date=7 February 2013 }}</ref>

== Gallery ==
{{Gallery|File:A Nomadic women of Padri Meadow in the way while Migrating from Hilly areas to Plains.jpg|Bakarwal women from Chenab Valley of Jammu and Kashmir|File:Shepherd Woman in Jammu and Kashmir, India 2018.jpg|Bakarwal shepherd woman from Jammu and Kashmir|File:Water pipe smoking.jpg|Sketch of Bakarwal man holding his son and smoking Hookah|File:Gujjarvillage.png|Many Bakarwals live in such houses for periods of time|title=|width=160|height=170|noborder=yes|align=center|footer=|alt1=|alt2=|class3=bg-transparent|alt3=|class4=bg-transparent|alt4=}}

== See also ==
* [[Gujari language]]
* [[Gaddis]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Clear}}

[[Category:Social groups of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Transhumant ethnic groups]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of India]]
[[Category:Nomadic groups in Eurasia]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Muslim Gujjars]]

Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation

2026-02-15T16:52:16Z

Red apple learning: improve section for consistency also and added references per standard format

{{Short description|Local civic body in Hubli and Dharwad, Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Municipal Corporation of the City of Hubballi-Dharward Hubballi-Dharwad Municipal Corporation
|native_name= ಹುಬ್ಬಳ್ಳಿ-ಧಾರವಾಡ ಮಹಾನಗರ ಪಾಲಿಕೆ<hr/>{{small|''Hubbaḷḷi-Dhāravāḍa Mahānagara Pālike''}}
| coa_pic = HDMC-Logo.png
| coa_res = 175px
| coa_alt = The logo of the HDMC
| house_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|1962|df=y|p=y}}
| leader1_type = [[Mayor]]
| leader1 = Ramappa Badiger
| leader2_type = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader2 = Satish Hangal
| party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<ref name="BJP Hubballi-Dharwad Mayor 2023"<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/ramappa-badiger-elected-as-23rd-mayor-of-hubballi-dharwad/articleshow/111373374.cms |title=Ramappa Badiger is 23rd mayor of Hubballi-Dharwad |newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref>
| leader3_type = [[Leader of the Opposition]]
| leader3 = Suvarna Kallakuntala
| party2 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<ref name="BJP Hubballi-Dharwad Mayor 2023"/>
| leader4_type =
| leader4 =
| seats = 82
| structure1 = File:Hubballi-Dharwad Municipal Corporation 2021.svg
| structure1_res = 300px
| political_groups1 =
'''[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] (40)'''
*{{Color box|{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (39)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/bjp-bags-bgavi-leads-in-hubballi-locked-in-fierce-fight-for-kburagi/articleshow/85993877.cms|title=Karnataka municipal poll results 2021: BJP bags Belagavi|work=Times of India|date=7 September 2021 |accessdate=7 September 2021}}</ref>
*{{Color box|{{Party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}}} [[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD(S)]] (1)
'''INC+ (33)'''
*{{Color box|{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (33)
'''Others (9)'''
*{{Color box|#B2B2B2}} [[Independent politician|IND]] (6)
*{{Color box|{{Party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}}} [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]] (3)
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post]]
| voting_system2 =
| last_election1 = September 2021
| next_election1 = 2026
| session_room = {{Photomontage
|photo1a= HDMC Corporate Office, Dharwad.jpg
|photo1b= HDMC Dharwad.jpg
| position = center
| size = 300
| color = #F5F5F5
| border = 1
| color_border = black
| spacing = 2
| foot_montage =
|text= {{center| HDMC, [[Hubballi]] (left), HDMC, [[Dharwad]] (right)}}}}
| session_res =
| meeting_place = [[Hubli|HDMC Hubballi]]/[[Dharwad|HDMC Dharwad]]
| motto =
| website = [http://www.hdmc.mrc.gov.in HDMC]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Municipal Corporation of the City of Hubballi-Dharward''' or '''Hubballi-Dharwad Municipal Corporation (HDMC)''' is the [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]] responsible for the civic [[infrastructure]] and administration of the [[Hubli-Dharwad|twin cities]] of [[Hubli|Hubballi]] and [[Dharwad]], located in North Western part of [[Karnataka]] state in [[India]]. The organization is known, in short, as HDMC. This civic administrative body administers an area of 202.3 km2.<ref>{{Cite web | title=City Summary {{!}} Hubballi-Dharwad City Corporation | url=http://www.hdmc.mrc.gov.in/en/city-summary | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000219/http://www.hdmc.mrc.gov.in/en/city-summary | access-date=2026-02-15 | archive-date=2020-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ನಗರ ಸಾರಾಂಶ {{!}} ಹುಬ್ಬಳ್ಳಿ-ಧಾರವಾಡ ಮಹಾನಗರ ಪಾಲಿಕೆ |url=http://www.hdmc.mrc.gov.in/kn/city-summary |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622103617/http://www.hdmc.mrc.gov.in/kn/city-summary |archive-date=2020-06-22 |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=www.hdmc.mrc.gov.in |language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hubballi-Dharwad Municipal Corporation |url=https://hdmc.in/WebsiteHDMC/Home.aspx |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=hdmc.in}}</ref> HDMC consists of 82 elected members from four [[State legislative assemblies of India|Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies of Hubballi-Dharwad. Presently{{When|date=October 2025|reason=The reference is from 2018. Is the situation the same in October 2025?}} the Council is under suspended animation pending election of new members. There has been a huge demand by people of Dharwad to create a separate civic body and get itself detached by HDMC. Claims are that most of the funds are allocated to Hubballi solely.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/demand-to-separate-dharwad-from-hdmc-grows-bigger/articleshow/65545982.cms|title=Demand to separate Dharwad from HDMC grows bigger|website=The Times of India|date=26 August 2018 }}</ref>

==Overview==
{{Historical populations
|title= Population Growth of Hubballi–Dharwad
|state=
|1901| 81143
|1911| 91031
|1921| 100992
|1931| 124398
|1941| 143504
|1951| 196180
|1961| 248489
|1971| 379166
|1981| 527108
|1991| 648298
|2001| 786195
|2011| 943857
|estimate=
|estyear=
|estref=
|footnote= Source: [[Census of India]]<ref name="popu-history">
{{cite web
| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/DigitalLibrary/data/Census_2001/Table/India/Class%20I-A-4_Final.xls
| title = Provisional population totals, Census of India 2011
| accessdate = 29 November 2011
| df = dmy-all
}}
</ref>}}
{{Historical populations
|title= Population Growth of Hubballi
|state=
|1901| 59913
|1911| 61440
|1921| 66772
|1931| 83494
|1941| 95512
|1951| 129609
|1961| 171326
|2001| 533820
|2011| 668449
|estimate=
|estyear=
|estref=
|footnote= Source: [[Census of India]]<ref name="popu-history" /><ref name=AboutTwinCity>{{cite web|url=http://hdmc.gov.in/cityprofile.php|title=HDMC About Twin City|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420105843/http://www.hdmc.gov.in/cityprofile.php|archivedate=2012-04-20}}</ref><ref name="popu2011">{{Cite web |title=ಧಾರವಾಡ ಮಹಾನಗರ ಪಾಲಿಕೆ ಮಾಡಲು ಸಚಿವ ಸಂಪುಟ ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ! ಇತರೆ ನಿರ್ಣಯಗಳು ಏನು? |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/karnataka/cabinet-agrees-to-make-dharwad-metropolitan-corporation-what-are-the-other-decision/articleshow/116888466.cms |access-date=2025-03-19 |website=Vijay Karnataka |language=kn}}</ref>}}
{{Historical populations
|title= Population Growth of Dharwad
|state=
|1901| 21230
|1911| 29591
|1921| 34220
|1931| 40904
|1941| 47992
|1951| 66571
|1961| 77163
|2001| 252375
|2011| 275339
|estimate=
|estyear=
|estref=
|footnote= Source: [[Census of India]]<ref name="popu-history" /><ref name=AboutTwinCity /><ref name="popu2011" />}}

The total area under HDMC is 213 km2. The twin cities are currently divided into 82 wards. Each ward elects a corporator. The winning party elects a council of members, who are responsible for various departments. The council members chose the Mayor among themselves. At present, there are sixty seven members<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hdmc.gov.in/home |title=Home | ಹುಬ್ಬಳ್ಳಿ-ಧಾರವಾಡ ಮಹಾನಗರ ಪಾಲಿಕೆ |access-date=3 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213013/http://www.hdmc.gov.in/home |archive-date=4 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> in the council. The Commissioner is the highest officer of Municipal Corporate Office, who is responsible for the departments of public works, revenue and tax, water supply, planning and development, fire brigade, health and sanitation, finance and accounts etc. The current [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]] is Ishwar Ullagaddi ([[Karnataka Administrative Service|KAS]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hdmc.mrc.gov.in/en/node/79|title=HDMC website|access-date=5 March 2020|archive-date=29 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529233250/http://www.hdmc.mrc.gov.in/en/node/79|url-status=dead}}</ref> while presently the municipal council is under animated suspension pending election of new members.

==History==
Prior to incorporation of HDMC, both [[Hubli|Hubballi]] and [[Dharwad]] had their own municipal bodies, namely Hubballi Municipal Council which was established on 15 August 1855 under the Government of India Act of 1850. Its membership was fixed at 18, including the President. The Collector of the district functioned as the President, and the members were called commissioners. The government nominated all the members. On the other hand, Dharwad Municipal Council first came into existence on 1 January 1856. The first non-official President of the Council was Shri. S.K. Rodda in 1907, and Shri. S.V. Mensinkai was nominated in the following year. But the credit of being the first elected President goes to Shri. N.G. Karigudari, who took office in 1920.

In the year 1962, a unique experiment in urban development was conducted by The Directorate of Municipal Administration, Karnataka by combining two cities separated by a distance of 20 kilometers. Thus Hubballi-Dharwad Municipal Corporation was constituted.

==Demographics==
The population of the twin cities as per provisional figures of Census 2011 is 943,857 and is urban.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/karnataka/4-population-8-19.pdf |title=Census of India 2011 Provisional Population Totals}}</ref> Hubballi-Dharwad's population increased by 22.99% between 1981 and 1991, from 527,108 to 648,298, and by 21.2% between 1991 and 2001. The municipality covers 213 km2.

==Departments==
[[File:HDMC Organization Chart.jpg|thumb|Organizational chart of Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation.|500px]]
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
*ADM
*Election and Census
*[[Karnataka Public Works Department|PWD]]
*DoTP
*Revenue
*Council
*Accounts
*Audit
*[[Information Technology|IT]]
*Electricity
*Control Room
*Hospital and Dispensaries
*Health and Sanitation
*Spl. Office
*Law
*Water Supply
*[[Human resource development|HRD]]
*[[Education]]
*[[Horticulture]]
*Swimming Pool
{{div col end}}

==Wards==
HDMC had 67 wards from 2008 to 2018<ref>{{Cite web|title=HDMC (Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation) Ward Information with Map View|url=https://opencity.in/data/hdmc-hubli-dharwad-municipal-corporation-ward-information-with-map-view|access-date=2021-09-13|website=OpenCity.in|language=en-GB}}</ref>

Number of wards was increased to 82 in 2018<ref>{{Cite web| title=ಅಧಿಸೂಚನೆ - ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ: ನಅಇ 67 ಎಂಎಲ್‌ಆರ್ 2018(4), ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು, ದಿನಾಂಕ:10.08.2018 | language=kn | trans-title=Notification - No.: NAI 67 MLR 2018(4), Bangalore, Date: 10.08.2018 | url=https://karsec.gov.in/CommonHandler.ashx?id=459 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913081734/https://karsec.gov.in/CommonHandler.ashx?id=459 | archive-date=2021-09-13}}</ref> and [[2021 Karnataka local elections|first election post delimitation]] was held on 3 September 2021<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-09-06|title=Hubballi-Dharwad civic elections: BJP falls short of clear majority, Congress improves tally|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/hubballi-dharwad-civic-elections-bjp-leading-with-29-seats/article36315354.ece|access-date=2021-09-13|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Ward Maps were published in Dharwad district website.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.dharwad.nic.in/documents/1-20Ward_Map_HDMC.pdf | title=Assembly constituency map | access-date=13 September 2021 | archive-date=13 September 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913082412/http://www.dharwad.nic.in/documents/1-20Ward_Map_HDMC.pdf | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.dharwad.nic.in/documents/61-82Ward_Map_HDMC.pdf | title=Assembly constituency map | access-date=13 September 2021 | archive-date=13 September 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913082544/http://www.dharwad.nic.in/documents/61-82Ward_Map_HDMC.pdf | url-status=dead}}</ref>

Of 82 Wards, 28 belong to [[Dharwad]] and 54 are in [[Hubli]] region.

[[BJP]] emerged as single largest party in [[2021 Karnataka local elections|2021 HDMC elections]] by winning 39 of 82 seats. [[Indian National Congress|INC]] accused [[AIMIM]] for splitting Minority votes and making way for [[BJP|BJP's]] victory.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-09|title=ULB polls: AIMIM dents Cong prospects in Hubballi-Dharwad|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/top-karnataka-stories/ulb-polls-aimim-dents-cong-prospects-in-hubballi-dharwad-1028534.html|access-date=2021-09-13|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref> Mayor's post is reserved for Backward class A category and Deputy Mayor's Post was limited to Scheduled Castes Woman.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-09-06|title=Reservation for mayoral posts declared in January|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/reservation-for-mayoral-posts-declared-in-january/article36321383.ece|access-date=2021-09-13|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Demand for separate municipal corporation for Dharwad ==
The citizens of [[Dharwad]] city accuses HDMC for biased decisions towards their area and demand for a separate municipal corporation in [[Dharwad]] by splitting from HDMC.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=Aug 26, 2018|title=Demand to separate Dharwad from HDMC grows bigger|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/demand-to-separate-dharwad-from-hdmc-grows-bigger/articleshow/65545982.cms|access-date=2021-09-13|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.constructionworld.in/latest-construction-news/real-estate-news/-separate-municipal-corporation-needed-for-dharwad--karnataka-cm/29391|title = Separate municipal corporation needed for Dharwad: Karnataka CM}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-07-15|title=Independent municipal corporation sought for Dharwad city|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/independent-municipal-corporation-sought-for-dharwad/article35345954.ece|access-date=2021-09-13|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The demand was acknowledged by [[List of chief ministers of Karnataka|Chief minister]] [[Basavaraj Bommai]] on 25 August 2021 who opined that Dharwad deserved a separate municipal corporation.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Jamkh|first1=Gururaj|date=August 25, 2021|title=CM hints at separate municipal corporation for Dharwad|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/cm-hints-at-separate-municipal-corporation-for-dharwad/articleshow/85598188.cms|access-date=2021-09-13|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

In July 2024 the demand for creation of an exclusive municipal corporation for Dharwad city surfaced again with citizens urging [[Government of Karnataka|state govt]] to make an announcement of the same during the monsoon session of state legislature, which was on 15 July 2024.

On January 2, 2025 the [[Karnataka Council of Ministers|Karnataka state cabinet]] declared the separation of Hubballi Dharwad municipal corporation, formation of new municipal corporation for the city of Dharwad.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-02 |title=Cabinet nod for separate Dharwad Municipal Corporation |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/cabinet-nod-for-separate-dharwad-municipal-corporation/articleshow/116892414.cms |access-date=2025-01-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-02 |title=Cabinet approves separate municipal corporation for Dharwad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/cabinet-approves-separate-municipal-corporation-for-dharwad/article69054707.ece |access-date=2025-01-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Functions ==
Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation is created for the following functions:<ref name="Hu9">{{cite news |title=Municipal Corporation - Functions, Roles, Members Qualification and Term |url=https://www.elections.in/government/municipal-corporation-in-india.html |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref name="Hu10">{{cite news |title=Good municipal governance key to improve quality of life {{!}} Pune News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/good-municipal-governance-key-to-improve-quality-of-life/articleshow/57320746.cms |access-date=18 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=24 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

* Planning for the town including its surroundings which are covered under its Department's Urban Planning Authority .
* Approving construction of new buildings and authorising use of land for various purposes.
* Improvement of the town's economic and Social status.
* Arrangements of water supply towards commercial, residential and industrial purposes.
* Planning for fire contingencies through Fire Service Departments.
* Creation of solid waste management, public health system and sanitary services.
* Working for the development of ecological aspect like development of Urban Forestry and making guidelines for environmental protection.
* Working for the development of weaker sections of the society like mentally and physically handicapped, old age and gender biased people.
* Making efforts for improvement of slums and poverty removal in the town.

== Revenue sources ==

The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government.<ref name="Hu11">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Hu12">{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Hu13">{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

==See also==
*[[List of municipal corporations in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.hdmc.mrc.gov.in HDMC official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724224536/http://www.hdmc.mrc.gov.in/ |date=24 July 2020 }}
*[http://municipaladmn.gov.in/ Directorate of Municipal Administration, Karnataka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004212804/http://municipaladmn.gov.in/ |date=4 October 2013 }}

{{Portal bar|India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipal corporations in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Local government in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Hubli–Dharwad]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Dharwad district]]

Meghna Venkat

2026-02-08T17:39:58Z

Red apple learning: new a data

{{Short description|Indian classical Bharata Natyam dancer, choreographer and teacher}}
{{Multiple issues|{{notability|1=Biographies|date=October 2016}}
{{Orphan|date=October 2016}}
{{BLP sources|date=October 2016}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Meghna Venkat
| image =
| birth_name = Meghna
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| citizenship = Indian
| known for = [[Bharatanatyam]]
| occupation = [[Dancer]], [[Choreographer]], Teacher
| awards = Nritya Shiromani, Nritya Kowmudhi, Natya Chemmal
| website =
}}
'''Meghna Venkat''' is an Indian classical [[Bharata Natyam]] dancer, choreographer and teacher. She is the disciple of guru shri [[Adyar K. Lakshman]] <ref>{{cite web|url=https://kvivekshankar.wordpress.com/2012/01/19/sri-parthasarathy-swami-sabha-112th-year-dance-festival/|title=Sri Parthasarathy Swami Sabha – 112th Year Dance Festival|date=19 January 2012|publisher=}}</ref> She has performed in many places in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.narthaki.com/info/rev10/rev932.html|title=Review - Sai Nrityotsava - 16|first=Sumathi, Saigan|last=Connection|publisher=}}</ref> She is a regular artiste for Nada Neerajanam.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TRmbtWLux4|title=Meghana Venkat Manjula Bharathanatyam 07 Kasthuri Thilakam LeelaSukhaKavi OK|last=Surya Kumar|date=15 February 2014|publisher=|via=YouTube}}</ref> She has participated in world dance day celebrations conducted by Sai arts International <ref>{{cite web|url=https://whatshappbangalore.wordpress.com/2013/04/29/the-4th-world-dance-day-celebrations-by-sai-arts-international/|title=The 4th World Dance Day celebrations – by Sai Arts International.|date=29 April 2013|publisher=}}</ref> She is an em-paneled artist of The Ministry of Culture, Govt of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaculture.nic.in/festivals-india-abroad|title= Panel of Artists/Groups for participation in FOIs Abroad}}</ref> She is a graded artist of Doordarshan. Selected for lectureship under UGC-NET Central Government examination. She is also a district level Badminton player.

==Biography==

{{Empty section|date=October 2016}}

==Awards==

* '[[Nritya Shiromani]]' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.meghnakrishna.in/aboutme.html |title=Meghna Krishnan |access-date=10 October 2016 |archive-date=10 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510085533/http://www.meghnakrishna.in/aboutme.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* '[[Natya Chemmal]]' {{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
* [[Nritya Kowmudhi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ninadcpa.org/five-day-bharatnatyam-workshop-with-ms-meghna-venkat.html|title=Five Day Bharatnatyam Workshop with Ms. Meghna Venkat|publisher=}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Venkat, Meghna}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian dance teachers]]
[[Category:Indian classical choreographers]]
[[Category:Bharatanatyam dancers]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:Indian women choreographers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{dance-bio-stub}}

Tincha waterfall

2026-02-08T04:16:22Z

Red apple learning: made the data more to come...

{{Short description|Waterfall in Indore district, MP}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox waterfall
| name = Tincha Falls
| photo = Tincha Fall.jpg
| photo_caption =
| image_size = 250px
| location = [[Tillore]], [[Indore district|Indore]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| coords =
| elevation =
| type = segmented
| height =
| height_longest =
| average_width =
| number_drops = 1
| average_flow =
| watercourse = Kanar river
}}

The '''Tincha Waterfall''' is located in [[Tillore]] within the [[Indore district]] in the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chowdhary |first1=Charu |title=Here's What You Can do on a Short Visit to Indore |url=https://www.india.com/travel/articles/heres-what-you-can-do-on-a-short-visit-to-indore-3547079/ |access-date=6 November 2021 |publisher=India.com |date=28 Jan 2019 |language=English}}</ref>

==The falls==

The water flow is highest immediately after the rainy season (usually after July). It goes almost dry in the summer season, and the stream is reduced to a trickle. The area around Tincha is a popular [[picnic]] and trekking spot.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kamei |first1=Precious |title=Explore the adventurous side of you in Madhya Pradesh with these outdoor activities |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/69255/madhya-pradesh-as-a-great-adventure-sports-destination |access-date=6 November 2021 |publisher=Outlookindia.com |date=11 Dec 2018}}</ref>

==Location==
The nearest airport is [[Indore Airport|Indore International Airport]] which is situated at a distance of roughly 40 km from the falls. The rest of the distance has to be covered via road or rail transport means. [[Tillore]] is the nearest town.

===Rail===
The nearest railway station is [[Indore Junction railway station]] near the falls at a distance of 30 km.

===Road===
To reach there via Road, one has to first reach [[Tillore]] town in Indore District. From where, the waterfall is situated at a distance of 9 km on internal country roads.

== Accidents ==
Sometimes in the past, accidents have happened near the falls. A group of students who were out for a picnic drowned.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Faiz |last1=NA|title=Two students drowned in Tincha falls, one body found, search for the other is in progress |url=https://www.patrika.com/indore-news/2-students-drowned-in-tincha-fall-1-body-found-rescue-progress-6728377/ |access-date=6 November 2021 |publisher=Patrika.com |date=4 Mar 2021 |location=Indore |language=Hindi}}</ref> A youth slipped into the gorge in 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kotwal |first1=Karishma |title=Youth slips into 100-feet-deep gorge at Tincha Falls in Indore, dies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/youth-slips-into-100-feet-deep-gorge-at-tincha-falls-in-indore/articleshow/64909348.cms |access-date=6 November 2021 |agency=TNN |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=8 Jul 2018 |location=Indore |language=English}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of waterfalls]]
* [[List of waterfalls in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Cite web |title=Explore 5 Stunning Waterfall Destinations in Madhya Pradesh {{!}} MP Tourism |url=https://www.mptourism.com/beautiful-waterfalls-in-madhya-pradesh.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123174856/https://www.mptourism.com/beautiful-waterfalls-in-madhya-pradesh.html |archive-date=2025-01-23 |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=www.mptourism.com |language=en}}

{{Coord|22.5758|N|75.9771|E|display=Title}}
{{Neighbourhoods of Indore}}
{{Indore Metropolitan Region}}

[[Category:Indore|Indore]]

[[Category:Waterfalls of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Indore district]]

Battle of El Guettar

2026-02-06T00:28:43Z

Red apple learning:

{{Short description|1943 battle of World War II}}
{{other uses|El Guettar (disambiguation){{!}}El Guetter}}
{{more footnotes|date=April 2009}}
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict = Battle of El Guettar
|partof = the [[Tunisian campaign]] of [[World War II]]
| image = American soldiers hands out cigarettes to captured Italians of the Bersaglieri Division near El Guettar, Tunisia. - NARA - 196343.jpg
| image_size = 300
|caption = An American soldier hands out cigarettes to captured [[Bersaglieri]] of the [[131st Armoured Division Centauro|131st Armored Division "Centauro"]] near El Guettar in March 1943.
|date = 23 March – 3 April 1943
|place = [[El Guettar, Tunisia|El Guettar]], [[Tunisia]]
|casus =
|territory =
|result = Indecisive<ref name="Hooker">Hooker Jr. p. 85</ref><ref name="Haycock">Haycock p. 42</ref>
|combatant1 = {{flag|United States|1912}}
|combatant2 = {{flagcountry|Nazi Germany}} {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy}}
|commander1 = {{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[George S. Patton]]
|commander2 = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} [[Hans-Jürgen von Arnim|Jürgen von Arnim]] {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Giovanni Messe]]
|units1= {{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[II Corps (United States)|II Corps]]
*[[1st Infantry Division (United States)|1st Infantry Division]]
*[[9th Infantry Division (United States)|9th Infantry Division]]
|units2= {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} [[5th Panzer Army]]
*[[10th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)|10th Panzer Division]]
*[[21st Panzer Division]]
{{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[1st Army (Italy)|1st Army]]
*[[131st Armoured Division Centauro|131st Armored Division "Centauro"]]
|strength1 = 31 tanks<ref>{{cite book |last=Yeide |first=Harry |date=2010 |orig-date=2007 |title=The Tank Killers: A History of America's World War II Tank Destroyer Force |url= |location= |publisher=Casemate Publishers |page=63 |isbn=978-1-932033-80-9 |access-date=}}</ref>
|strength2 = 57 tanks<ref>{{cite book |last=Zaloga |first=Stephen J. |date=2005 |title=Kasserine Pass 1943: Rommel's Last Victory |url= |location= |publisher=Osprey Publishing |page=78 |isbn=1-84176-914-2 |access-date=}}</ref>
|casualties1 = 22 tanks lost 4 halftracks lost<ref name="Atankdestroyers">{{cite web|title=American Tank Destroyers at El Guettar|url=https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/2016/11/15/american-tank-destroyers-at-el-guettar/|publisher=Warfare History Net}}</ref> 4,000–5,000 killed or wounded
|casualties2 = 37 tanks lost<ref name="Atankdestroyers" /> 4,000–6,000 killed or wounded in 3 weeks
|campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Tunisia Campaign}}
{{Campaignbox North Africa}}
}}
The '''Battle of El Guettar''' took place from 23 March – 3 April 1943, in south-central [[Tunisia]] during the [[Tunisia Campaign]] of [[World War II]]. It was fought by elements of the [[Panzer Army Africa|Army Group Africa]] under General [[Hans-Jürgen von Arnim]], along with Italian [[First Army (Italy)|First Army]] under General [[Giovanni Messe]], against the [[II Corps (United States)|U.S. II Corps]] under [[Lieutenant general (United States)|Lieutenant General]] [[George S. Patton|George Patton]]. It was the first battle in which [[United States Army|U.S. forces]] were able to defeat the experienced [[German Army (Wehrmacht)|German]] tank units, but the followup to the battle was inconclusive.<ref name="Haycock">Haycock p. 42</ref>

==Background==
The U.S. II Corps had been badly mauled in its first encounter with [[Axis powers|Axis]] forces in Tunisia during a series of battles that culminated in the disastrous [[Battle of Kasserine Pass]] in late February 1943. [[Erwin Rommel]]—poised on the threshold of a complete tactical victory—turned from the battle to return to his eastward-facing defenses at the [[Mareth Line]] when he heard of the approach of [[Bernard Montgomery]]′s [[Eighth Army (United Kingdom)|British 8th Army]]. Thus the battle concluded with the U.S. forces still in the field, but having lost ground and men, and with little confidence in some key commanders.

In the last week of January 1943, despite a massive artillery bombardment, the Italian [[14th Bersaglieri Battalion]] of the [[131st Armoured Division Centauro]] dug in near Djebel Rihana.<ref> ''Terrible Terry Allen: Combat General of World War II - The Life of an American Soldier'', Gerald Astor, p. 139, Random House, 2008</ref> Harold V. Boyle, an Irish war correspondent, wrote that a second attack was required using grenades and bayonets in order to evict the Italians:

<blockquote>Artillery and aircraft may harass but cannot dislodge him. Only bullets and bayonets of rival riflemen can do that. This was well illustrated in the [[Ousseltia Valley]] campaign in January when tanks and artillery laid down one of the finest barrages of the campaign but couldn't rout Italians dug in like moles in the hills bordering the road to Kairouan. The artillery was beautiful to see but they couldn't do the job alone. Finally American infantry swarmed up the hills at night and flushed the Italians out in droves with hand grenades and the pointed persuasion of their bayonets.<ref>[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=sH1HAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA7&dq=Only+bullets+and+bayonets+of+rival+riflemen+can+do+that&article_id=893,2791300&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwihp-iJj6OMAxXCr1YBHcoANewQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=Only%20bullets%20and%20bayonets%20of%20rival%20riflemen%20can%20do%20that&f=false War In Africa Puting Infantry Back In Pedestal]</ref></blockquote>

The American command reacted to its reverses against German and Italian forces with a prompt and sweeping series of changes in command, discipline, and tactics. Also, large units were kept massed rather than being broken up into smaller, unsupported elements as had been done under U.S. II Corps Commander [[Lloyd Fredendall]]. [[Close air support]] was also improved.

On 6 March 1943, George Patton took command of the U.S. II Corps from Lloyd Fredendall, who had been in command before and during the Kasserine engagement. His first move was to organize his U.S. II Corps for an offensive back toward the Eastern Dorsal chain of the [[Atlas Mountains]]. If successful, this would threaten the right rear of the [[Axis Powers|Axis forces]] defending the Mareth Line facing Montgomery's 8th Army and ultimately make their position untenable. Patton's style of leadership was very different from his predecessor: he is reported to have issued an order in connection with an attack on a hill position ending "I expect to see such casualties among officers, particularly staff officers, as will convince me that a serious effort has been made to capture this objective".<ref>Hunt (1990), p. 169.</ref>

On 17 March, the [[1st Infantry Division (United States)|U.S. 1st Infantry Division]] moved forward into the almost abandoned plains, taking the town of [[Gafsa]] and preparing it as a forward supply base for further operations. On the 18th, the [[1st Ranger Battalion (United States)|1st Ranger Battalion]]—led by Colonel [[William O. Darby]]—pushed ahead, and occupied the oasis of [[El Guettar, Tunisia|El Guettar]], again meeting with little opposition. The Italian defenders instead retreated and took up positions in the hills overlooking the town, thereby blocking the mountain pass (of the same name) leading south out of the interior plains to the coastal plain. Another operation by the Rangers raided an Italian position and took 200 prisoners on the night of 20 March, scaling a sheer cliff and passing ammunition and equipment up hand-over-hand.

==Battle==
===Axis attacks===
[[File:Tunisia30Janto10Apr1943.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25]]
The Axis army commanders had become aware of the U.S. movements and decided that the [[10th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)|10th Panzer Division]] should stop them. Rommel had departed Tunisia for Germany on 9 March before the battle, leaving von Arnim in control of the newly named "Army Group Afrika". Von Arnim also held Rommel's opinion on the low quality of the American forces and felt that a spoiling attack would be enough to clear them from the Eastern Dorsals again.

At 06:00 on 23 March, 50 tanks of Broich's 10th Panzer emerged from the pass into the [[El Guettar, Tunisia|El Guettar]] valley at {{coord|34|20|12|N|8|56|53|E|type:landmark}}. German motorised units in [[Sd.Kfz. 251|halftracks]] and motorcycle [[sidecars]] broke off from formation and charged the infantry on the top of the hill. The halftracks would move up the hill as far as they could and then the infantry they carried would dismount while covered by fire from [[88mm flak gun|88mms]]. The Germans were maneuvering to hit American artillery anchored on the hill. They quickly overran front-line infantry and artillery positions. Major General [[Terry de la Mesa Allen Sr.]]—commanding the [[1st Infantry Division (United States)|U.S. 1st Infantry Division]]—was threatened when two tanks came near his headquarters, but he shrugged off suggestions of moving, "I will like hell pull out, and I'll shoot the first bastard who does."<ref>Atkinson, p. 440</ref>

The German attack lost momentum when it ran into a minefield. When the Germans slowed to reorganize, U.S. artillery and anti-tank guns engaged, including 31 [[M10 tank destroyer]]s which had recently arrived.{{citation needed|date=May 2025}} Over the next hour, 30 of the 10th Panzer's tanks were destroyed, and by 09:00 they retreated from the valley.

A second attempt was made at 16:45, after waiting for the infantry to form up. Once again the U.S. artillery was able to disrupt the attack, eventually breaking the charge and inflicting heavy losses. Realizing that further attacks were hopeless, the rest of the 10th Panzer Division dug in on hills to the east or retreated back to the German headquarters at [[Gabès]].

===Allied attacks===
On 19 March, the British 8th Army launched their [[Battle of the Mareth Line|attack on the Mareth Line]], at first with little success.

Over the next week, the U.S. forces slowly moved forward to take the rest of the interior plains and set up lines across the entire Eastern Dorsals. The German and Italian defenses and reserves were heavy, and the progress was both slow and costly. On 23 March, the 10th Panzer Division attacked Lieutenant-Colonel Robert H. York's 1st Battalion, 18th Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Division, and the German tanks broke through the valley between the 3rd and 1st Battalions of the 1st Division, reaching a position about six miles to the rear of the 1st Battalion. In the action, the German tanks and self-propelled guns along with German troops and a battalion of the 7th Bersaglieri Regiment riding in carriers and trucks overran the 32nd Field Artillery Battalion and part of the 5th Field Artillery Battalion,<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-MTO-NWA/USA-MTO-NWA-28.html |title=Chapter XXVIII: Gafsa, Maknassy, and El Guettar (17-25 March)|series=United States Army in World War II |work=Mediterranean Theater of Operations: Northwest Africa: Seizing the Initiative In the West |last=George F. Howe |date=1957 }}</ref> and the [[Comando Supremo|Italian High Command]] reported that 40 tanks had been destroyed and 170 Allied troops had been captured in "central and southern Tunisia".<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19430324&id=M4ohAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dZgFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2523,3907893 "Yankee Units Within Hour's Drive of Sea; Blast 30 Nazi Tanks"] ''Reading Eagle'' March 24, 1943 p18</ref>

On 26 March, in ''Operation Supercharge II'', a British force sent via an outflanking inland route attacked the Tebaga Gap to the north of the Mareth line, and their breakthrough left the Mareth defenses untenable. The Axis forces retreated about 40 miles to a new line set up at Wadi Akarit, north of Gabès at {{coord|33|53|3|N|10|5|33|E}}. This made the U.S. position even more valuable, since the road through El Guettar led directly into Gabès.

On 28 March, the 2nd Battalion from the 39th Infantry Regiment, with two other battalions from the 47th Infantry Regiment waiting in reserve along Draa Saada el Hamra Ridge, attempted to conduct a surprise attack on the Axis main defence line under the cover of darkness. But the attacking U.S. Army truck-borne force were discovered by the alert Italian defenders on Hill 290 overlooking Gabès Road and the attackers dispersed with the battered survivors forced to make a grueling several miles-long trek back to their original startlines.<ref>[https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-MTO-NWA/USA-MTO-NWA-29.html II Corps Operations Beyond El Guettar]</ref>

By 30 March the U.S. forces were in position for an offensive south from El Guettar. In order to start a breakout, the two original Italian strongpoints on Hill 369 {{coord|34|14|29|N|9|7|16|E|type:mountain|name=Hill 369}} and Hill 772 {{coord|34|12|7|N|8|59|36|E|type:mountain|name=Hill 772}} had to be taken, one after the other. The U.S. plan involved the U.S. [[1st Infantry Division (United States)|1st]] and [[9th Infantry Division (United States)|9th Infantry Divisions]], and [[Combat Command]] 1/3 of the U.S. 1st Armored Division, collectively known as "[[Clarence Corinth Benson|Benson]] Force". This force attacked Hill 369 on the afternoon of 30 March but ran into mines and anti-tank fire, losing five tanks and a rifle company from the 2nd Battalion of Colonel Edwin H. Randle's 47th Infantry Regiment that was forced to surrender.<ref> ''The 9th Infantry Division: Old Reliables'', John Sperry, p.11, Turner Publishing Company, 2000</ref> The tanks were withdrawn, and the 1st and 9th attacked again the next day at 06:00, gaining some ground and taking several hundred prisoners. However, an Italian counter-attack drove them back from their newly gained positions, and by 12:45 they were back where they started with the loss of nine tanks and two tank destroyers. A further attempt the next day on 1 April also failed, after barely getting started. Private Emil J. Dedonato remembers that Patton drove up to the 47th Regiment's command post, unhappy that the initial attacks had failed:

<blockquote>Patton was in a huffy mood and stormed over to see Colonel Randle in his Jeep. It was obvious he wasn't pleased with the initial results of the night attack. I'll never forget Colonel Randle's instructions as they moved into El Guettar: "Where we're going you won't need a physic!"<ref>[http://www.ww2survivorstories.com/veterans-9th.html 9th Division Veterans] www.ww2survivorstories.com</ref></blockquote>

At this point Patton received orders to start the attempt on Hill 772, even though Hill 369 was still under Italian control. The 9th was moved to Hill 772, leaving the 1st on Hill 369. By 3 April, the 1st had finally cleared Hill 369, but the battle on Hill 772 continued. The Italian commander—General Messe—then called in support from the [[German 21st Panzer Division]], further slowing progress. The tempo of the operations slowed, and the lines remained largely static.

==Aftermath==
[[File:El Guettar foxhole.jpg|thumb|[[U.S. Army Africa]] staff visited El Guettar in 2010, where foxholes from 67 years ago remain.]]
On 6 April, the British 8th Army once again overran the Axis lines at the [[Battle of Wadi Akarit]], and a full retreat started. On the morning of 7 April, Benson Force moved through the positions held by the 1st and 9th divisions, and raced down the abandoned El Guettar-Gabès road, where it met the lead elements of the 8th Army at 17:00. With the last Axis line of defense in the south of Tunisia broken, the remaining forces made a run to join the other Axis forces in the north. Tunis fell to the Allies in early May.

==In film==
* The first part of the battle is portrayed in a lengthy scene in the 1970 biographical film ''[[Patton (film)|Patton]]''.

==See also==

* [[List of equipment of the United States Army during World War II]]
* [[List of German military equipment of World War II]]
* [[List of Italian Army equipment in World War II]]
* [[North African campaign timeline]]
* [[List of World War II battles]]

==Footnotes==
<references />

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|first=Rick|last=Atkinson|author-link=Rick Atkinson|title=[[An Army at Dawn: The War in North Africa, 1942–1943]]| publisher=Henry Holt & Co.|location=New York|year=2002|isbn=0-8050-6288-2}}
* {{cite book |first=David |last=Hunt |title=A Don at War |url=https://archive.org/details/donatwar0000hunt |url-access=registration |location=Great Britain |publisher=Frank Cass |year=1990 |orig-year=1966 |edition=rev. |isbn=0-7146-3383-6}}
* {{cite book|first=Charles R.|last=Anderson|url=http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/tunisia/tunisia.htm|series=U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II|title=Tunisia 17 November 1942 to 13 May 1943|publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]]|year=1993|id=CMH Pub 72-12|isbn=0-16-038106-1|access-date=9 August 2010|archive-date=17 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917183639/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/tunisia/tunisia.htm|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book|last1=Haycock|first1=D.J.|title=Eisenhower and the Art of Warfare: A Critical Appraisal|date=2004|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9780786418947}}
* {{cite book|last1=Hooker Jr|first1=Richard D|title=Wrath Of Achilles: Essays On Command In Battle|date=2014|publisher=Pickle Partners Publishing|isbn=9781782893905}}
* {{cite book|first=G. F.|last=Howe|title=Northwest Africa: Seizing the Initiative in the West| publisher=Department of the Army|location=Washington|year=1957}} Reprinted in 1991. {{ISBN|0160019117}} {{OCLC|23304011}}
* {{cite book|first=George F.|last=Howe|title=The Battle History of the 1st Armored Division, "Old Ironsides."| publisher=Combat Forces Press|location=Washington|year=1954|oclc=1262858}}
* {{cite book|first=Orr|last=Kelly|title=Meeting the Fox: The Allied Invasion of Africa, from Operation Torch to Kasserine Pass to Victory in Tunisia|publisher=Wiley & Sons|location=New York|year=2002|isbn=978-0-471-41429-2|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/meetingfoxallied0000kell}}
* {{cite book|first=Michael J.|last=King|title=Rangers: Selected Combat Operations in World War II| publisher=US Army Combat Studies Institute, Command and General Staff College|year=1985| lccn= 85015691|oclc=12263177}}
* {{cite book|first=Alan|last=Levine|title=The War Against Rommel's Supply Lines|publisher=Praeger Publishers|location=Westport, CT.|year=1999|isbn=978-0-275-96521-1}}
* {{cite journal|first=Drew|last=Middleton|title=US Force at Pass|date=20 March 1943|journal=[[The New York Times]]}}
* {{cite book|first=Alan|last=Moorhead|title=The March to Tunis: The North African War, 1940-1943| publisher=Dell Publishing|location=New York|year=1968|oclc=12298236}}
* {{cite book|first=F. G.|last=Wickware|title=The American Yearbook|publisher=Nelson|location=New York|year=1944}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070610013744/http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/download/csipubs/nightcom.pdf Combat Studies Institute: Night Combat Operations]

{{World War II}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Battle Of El Guettar}}
[[Category:Tunisian campaign|El Guettar]]
[[Category:Battles involving Italy|El Guettar, Battle of]]
[[Category:Tank battles of World War II]]
[[Category:Tank battles involving Germany]]
[[Category:Tank battles involving the United States]]
[[Category:March 1943 in Africa]]
[[Category:April 1943 in Africa]]
[[Category:1943 in Tunisia]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1943]]

Pakari Pakohi

2026-02-05T02:54:25Z

Red apple learning: New A Article First Draft - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=November 2011}}
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|name = Pakari Pakohi
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'''Pakari Pakohi''' is a village in [[Muzaffarpur]] district of the Indian state of [[Bihar]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://muzaffarpur.nic.in/icds/icds-projects/marwan-project/ | title=Marwan Project | District Muzaffarpur, Government of Bihar | India }}</ref> It lies about 5 km west of [[Bhagwanpur, Muzaffarapur|Bhagwanpur]] in the Marwan block.

== Transport ==
The village is connected by a road from Muzaffarpur to Rewa called Rewa road.

The nearest railway station is Muzaffarpur (about 7 km) and the nearest airport is Muzaffarpur Airport (about 1 km).

== Education ==
The village has two primary schools, a middle school, and three [[madrasah]]s. Education is available up to 12th standard.

== Culture ==
Major festivals celebrated include Bela, Eid-ul-Fitar, Eid-ul-Adha, [[Holi]], Durga Puja, [[Diwali]], and Chhath.

The [[Mukhi|Mukhia]] of the village is Mohammad Faiyaz.

==Demographics ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Vital Statistics (2001)
|-
!Parameters !!Total (Rural) !!Male !!Female
|-
|Population|| 5,582 ||2,920 ||2,662
|-
|Population Below 6 years ||1,109 ||555 ||554
|-
|Scheduled Caste ||947 ||481 ||466
|-
|Scheduled Tribe ||0 ||0 ||0
|-
|Literate ||1,847 ||1,193 ||654
|-
|Working Population ||1,484 ||1,380 ||104
|-
|Main Working Population ||1,313 ||1,220 ||93
|-
|Marginal Working Population ||171 ||160 ||11
|-
|Non Working Population ||4,098 ||1,540 ||2,558
|-
|Main Working Agricultural Laborer Population ||450 ||427 ||23
|-
|Main Working Cultivator Population ||229 ||221 ||8
|-
|Main Working House Works Population ||131 ||94 ||37
|-
|Main Working Others Population ||503 ||478 ||25
|-
|Marginal Working Agricultural Laborer Population ||151 ||142 ||9
|-
|Marginal Working Cultivator Population ||8 ||8 ||0
|-
|Marginal Working House Works Population ||4 ||2 ||2
|-
|Marginal Working Others Population ||8 ||8 ||0
|-
|}
==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Bihar}}
{{Tirhut Division}}

[[Category:Villages in Muzaffarpur district]]

2024 Pune Challenger

2026-01-31T15:23:16Z

Red apple learning:

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox tennis event|2024|Pune Challenger|
| date= 19 – 25 February
| edition=8th
| surface=[[Hardcourt|Hard]]
| location=[[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex]], [[Pune]], India
| champs={{flagicon|MON}} [[Valentin Vacherot]]
| champd={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Tristan Schoolkate]] / {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Adam Walton (tennis)|Adam Walton]]
}}

The '''2024 [[Pune Challenger]]''', known as the '''PMRDA (Pune Metropolitan Region Development Authority) Powered Maha Open''', was a professional tennis tournament played on [[hardcourt]]s. It was the eighth edition of the tournament which was part of the [[2024 ATP Challenger Tour]]. It took place in [[Pune]], India from 19 to 25 February 2024.<ref> {{cite web|url= https://indiantennisdaily.com/2024/02/17/sumit-nagal-gets-top-billing-at-pmrda-powered-mahaopen-atp-challenger-100-mens-international-tennis-championship/ |title=Sumit Nagal gets top billing at PMRDA Powered MahaOpen ATP Challenger 100 Men’s International Tennis Championship |date=17 February 2024}}</ref>

==Singles main-draw entrants==
===Seeds===
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! width="70"| Country
! width="175"| Player
! Rank1
! Seed
|-
|{{flag|IND}}
|[[Sumit Nagal]]
|98
|1
|-
|{{flag|CRO}}
|[[Duje Ajduković]]
|125
|2
|-
|{{flag|AUS}}
|[[Adam Walton (tennis)|Adam Walton]]
|153
|3
|-
|{{flag|MON}}
|[[Valentin Vacherot]]
|173
|4
|-
|{{flag|CZE}}
|[[Dalibor Svrčina]]
|174
|5
|-
|{{flag|GBR}}
|[[Oliver Crawford (tennis)|Oliver Crawford]]
|190
|6
|-
|{{flag|AUS}}
|[[Dane Sweeny]]
|194
|7
|-
|{{flag|ITA}}
|[[Federico Gaio]]
|202
|8
|}
* 1 Rankings are as of 12 February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/rankings/singles|title=Rankings | Singles | ATP Tour | Tennis|website=ATP Tour}}</ref>

===Other entrants===
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Niki Kaliyanda Poonacha]]
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramkumar Ramanathan]]<ref> {{cite web|url=https://indiantennisdaily.com/2024/02/15/ramkumar-ramanathan-and-mukund-sasikumar-receive-wildcard-for-the-pmrda-powered-mahaopen-atp-challenger-free-entry/|title=Ramkumar Ramanathan and Mukund Sasikumar receive wildcard for the PMRDA Powered MahaOpen ATP Challenger (Free Entry) |date=15 February 2024}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mukund Sasikumar]]

The following player received entry into the singles main draw as an alternate:
* {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Philip Sekulic]]

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Raphaël Collignon]]
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Sebastian Fanselow]]
* {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Felix Gill]]
* {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Vasek Pospisil]]
* {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Bernard Tomic]]
* {{flagicon|}} [[Alexey Zakharov]]

==Champions==

===Singles===
{{main|2024 Pune Challenger – Singles}}
* {{flagicon|MON}} '''[[Valentin Vacherot]]''' def. {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Adam Walton (tennis)|Adam Walton]] 3–6, 7–6(7–5), 7–6(7–5).

===Doubles===
{{main|2024 Pune Challenger – Doubles}}
* {{flagicon|AUS}} '''[[Tristan Schoolkate]]''' / {{flagicon|AUS}} '''[[Adam Walton (tennis)|Adam Walton]]''' def. {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Dan Added]] / {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Chung Yun-seong]] 7–6(7–4), 7–5.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{2024 ATP Challenger Tour}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pune Challenger, 2024}}
[[Category:2024 ATP Challenger Tour]]
[[Category:KPIT MSLTA Challenger|2024]]
[[Category:February 2024 sports events in India]]
[[Category:2024 in Indian sport]]

Basantar River

2026-01-23T12:32:06Z

Red apple learning: Added a place

{{Infobox river
| name = Basantar River
| image =
| image_size = 200px
| image_caption = Basantar River
| subdivision_type1 = [[Continent]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Asia]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Region]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)]]
| district_type = [[District]]
| district = [[Samba District]]
}}
The '''Basantar River''' is a [[river]] located in the northern region of [[India]], primarily flowing through the [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] state. It is an important watercourse that contributes to the [[Drainage system (geomorphology)|drainage system]] in the region, providing water for the agricultural and other needs. The river is known for its historical significance and natural beauty.

== Geography ==
The Basantar River originates in the [[Sivalik Hills|Shivalik Hills]], a subrange of the [[Himalayas]], and flows through the plains of [[Jammu]]. It is a tributary of the [[Ravi River|Ravi]], one of the major rivers in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The Basantar River's course is relatively short, but it plays a significant role in the region's hydrology.

The river flows through several [[town]]s and [[village]]s, impacting both rural and urban communities. Its watershed area covers parts of the [[Jammu district]], with the river serving as a key water source for irrigation and other agricultural activities.

== Hydrology and flow ==
The Basantar River experiences seasonal variations in flow, with the highest water levels occurring during the [[Wet season|monsoon season]], which typically lasts from June to September. During this period, the river receives significant runoff from the surrounding mountains, leading to an increase in water levels. The river's flow decreases during the dry season, often leading to low water levels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flashflood & its erosional effects in Basantar Rivers - Early Times Newspaper Jammu Kashmir |url=https://www.earlytimes.in/newsdet.aspx?q=242584 |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=www.earlytimes.in}}</ref>

== Importance ==
The Basantar River is vital for local agriculture. Its waters are used for irrigation, especially in the [[Jammu division|Jammu region]], where farming is a primary occupation. The river's basin is known for the cultivation of crops such as [[rice]], [[wheat]], [[maize]], and various [[fruit]]s and [[vegetable]]s.

In addition to its agricultural importance, the Basantar River holds historical and cultural significance for the people of Jammu. It is mentioned in various regional texts and folklore, with the surrounding landscapes being part of the local identity.

== Environmental concerns ==
Like many rivers in [[India]], the Basantar River faces environmental challenges, including [[pollution]], [[deforestation]], and encroachment.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Padha |first1=Shaveta |last2=Kumar |first2=Rakesh |last3=Sharma |first3=Yogesh |last4=Dhar |first4=Anjali |date=2025-02-01 |title=Unravelling land-based discharge of microplastics in River Basantar of Jammu & Kashmir, India: Understanding sinking behaviors and risk assessments |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169772224001943#:~:text=Generally,%20the%20Basantar%20River%20shows,land%20runoff%20carrying%20plastic%20waste. |journal=Journal of Contaminant Hydrology |volume=269 |article-number=104490 |doi=10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104490 |pmid=39731907 |bibcode=2025JCHyd.26904490P |issn=0169-7722|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Efforts have been made to address these issues through conservation and water management programs, although challenges remain in ensuring the river's health and sustainability.

== Battle of Basantar ==
The Basantar River is also known for its historical association with the [[Battle of Basantar]] that took place during the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971|Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]. The battle, fought near the Basantar River in the Jammu and Kashmir region, was a significant event in the war, marking a major victory for Indian forces against [[Pakistan]]. The battle is remembered for its intense fighting and strategic importance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Harmeet |date=2021-12-11 |title=Battle of Basantar 1971 War - Indo-Pak war of 1971 |url=https://www.aviation-defence-universe.com/battle-of-basantar-1971-war-indo-pak-war-of-1971/ |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=ADU - Aviation Defence Universe |language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Chenab River]]
* [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
* [[Sivalik Hills|Shivalik Hills]]
* [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971|Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Rivers of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Samba district]]

The Story Teller (painting)

2026-01-12T03:45:27Z

Red apple learning: minor edit

{{Short description|1937 painting by Amrita Sher-Gil}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox artwork
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| other_language_1 =
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| image = The Story Teller.png
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| artist = [[Amrita Sher-Gil]]
| year = 1937
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'''''The Story Teller''''' is a 1937 [[oil painting]] on [[canvas]] by Hungarian-born Indian artist [[Amrita Sher-Gil]] (1913–1941). In September 2023 it set a record as the highest-priced Indian artwork sold at auction globally. Blending elements of both [[Pahari painting|Pahari]] and Parisian influences, the painting depicts a group of village women occupied by ordinary tasks such as [[betel nut chewing|chewing betel nut]] and waving a [[hand fan|fan]], unconcerned about their surroundings, while a [[calf (animal)|baby cow]] is seen nosing its way among them. A woman is seated on a [[charpai|traditional bed]], engaged in storytelling with the women seated on the floor. Set in an open courtyard, a man stands at the periphery looking across at them.

Between 1935 and 1941, Sher-Gil painted mainly in India. Following her 1937 tour of South India she produced a more classical art style with her South Indian trilogy of paintings ''[[Bride's Toilet]]'', ''Brahmacharis'', and ''South Indian Villagers Going to Market''. It made her popular, though she felt her work was largely misunderstood. Criticised for portraying a dark side of India, she was simultaneously praised for bringing to the forefront the issue of women and poverty. The trilogy had tired her out and her next set of paintings would be smaller, including ''The Story Teller'', considered by Sher-Gil herself to be one of her 12 most significant pieces.

The painting was first displayed in the successful [[Amrita Sher-Gil's paintings at Lahore (1937)|solo exhibition]] in November 1937 at [[Faletti's Hotel]] in [[Lahore]], [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]]. There, one art critic described her work as simple and modern. It was bought by [[Badruddin Tyabji (diplomat)|Badruddin Tyabji]]. Art historian and critic Deepak Ananth felt that Sher-Gil was "opting for a less grandiose, more relaxed attitude to her Indian subjects".<ref name=Ananth2007/> He described the women "not as tragic figures, but as individuals who possessed awareness of their fate and the ability to rise above it".<ref name=Ananth2007/>

==Background==
[[File:Amrita Sher-Gil in sari.jpg|thumb|Amrita Sher-Gil]]
Amrita Sher-Gil (30 January 1913 – 5 December 1941) was a Hungarian-Indian painter who was declared one of India's 'National Art Treasure' artists by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] in 1976.<ref name=TET2023/> Under the [[Antiquities and Art Treasures Act (1972)]] Sher-Gil's works in India can never be exported out of the country.<ref name=Saff2023/><ref name="Kumar2013">{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=K. P. Narayana |last2=Duttagupta |first2=Ishani |last3=Layak |first3=Suman |date=29 September 2013 |title=India's nine treasured artists: Can Christie's create a market for their masterpieces? |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/personal-finance-news/indias-nine-treasured-artists-can-christies-create-a-market-for-their-masterpieces/articleshow/23220194.cms |access-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104060937/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/personal-finance-news/indias-nine-treasured-artists-can-christies-create-a-market-for-their-masterpieces/articleshow/23220194.cms |archive-date=4 November 2023}}</ref> She was the first Asian artist to win a gold medal in painting at the [[École des Beaux-Arts|Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris]].<ref name=HT2023>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2023 |title=Most expensive Indian painting: Amrita Sher-Gil's 'The Story Teller' fetches record-high price |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/most-expensive-indian-painting-amrita-sher-gils-the-story-teller-fetches-record-high-price-101695024896291.html |access-date=19 September 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=19 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919050105/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/most-expensive-indian-painting-amrita-sher-gils-the-story-teller-fetches-record-high-price-101695024896291.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Art critic [[Richard Bartholomew]] noted her to have played a significant role in shaping the authentic voice and vision of modern Indian painting.<ref name="Bartholomew1972">{{Cite book |last=Bartholomew |first=Richard |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_indian-and-foreign-review_1972-05-01_9_14/page/12/mode/2up?q=amrita |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: her life and paintings |date=1 May 1972 |publisher=Indian & Foreign Review |others=Internet Archive |volume=9 |location=New Delhi |pages=13–16 |language=English |issue=14}}</ref>

Between 1935 and 1941, Sher-Gil painted mainly in India, where she travelled to exhibit and sell her paintings.<ref name=Dalmia2012>{{cite book |last1=Khullar |first1=Sonal |editor1-last=Dalmia |editor1-first=Vasudha |editor2-last=Sadana |editor2-first=Rashmi |title=The Cambridge Companion to Modern Indian Culture |date=2012 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-51625-9 |pages=169–170 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2L4gAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA169 |language=en |chapter=9. National tradition and modernist art |access-date=20 December 2023 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108221738/https://books.google.com/books?id=2L4gAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA169 |url-status=live }}</ref> She painted in Simla, where her parents lived, in Saraya, [[Gorakhpur]], where her family owned a sugar factory, and in [[Amritsar]] and [[Lahore]].<ref name=Dalmia2012/> Following her 1937 tour of South India which included a visit to the [[Ajanta Caves]], she produced a more classical art style with her South Indian trilogy of paintings ''[[Bride's Toilet]]'', ''[[Brahmacharis (painting)|Brahmacharis]]'', and ''[[South Indian Villagers Going to Market]]''.<ref name=Dalmia2012/><ref name=Khullar2015>{{cite book |last1=Khullar |first1=Sonal |title=Worldly Affiliations: Artistic Practice, National Identity, and Modernism in India, 1930 1990 |date=2015 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-28367-1 |pages=41–89 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5o0kDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |language=en |chapter=2. An art of the soil: Amrita Sher-Gil (1913-1941) |access-date=20 December 2023 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108215528/https://books.google.com/books?id=5o0kDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |url-status=live }}</ref> She became popular, though she felt her work was largely misunderstood.<ref name=Dalmia2013/> The paintings reveal her sense of color and empathy for her Indian subjects, who are often depicted in their poverty and despair.<ref name=Dalmia2013>{{Cite book |last=Dalmia |first=Yashodhara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mj3mlgEACAAJ |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Life |date=2013 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=Gurugram |isbn=978-0-14-342026-2 |chapter=In the limelight |pages=98–99, 104 |language=en |access-date=2 November 2023 |archive-date=2 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102175421/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mj3mlgEACAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> Criticised for portraying a dark side of India, she was simultaneously praised for bringing to the forefront the issue of women and poverty.<ref name=Dalmia2013/> The trilogy had tired her out and her next set of paintings, including ''The Story Teller'', would be smaller.<ref name=Khan1997>{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Darakshan |title=Amrita Sher-Gil – a new era in contemporary Indian art. (Master's dissertation) |date=1997 |publisher=[[Aligarh Muslim University]] |location=Department of Fine Arts, Aligarh University |page=66 |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/144521891.pdf |chapter=6. Collection of Amrita Sher-Gil's painting at the National Gallery of Modern Art |access-date=20 December 2023 |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104043322/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/144521891.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

Sher-Gil herself chose ''The Story Teller'' as one of her top 12 most significant pieces, and is widely regarded as one of her most sincere and expressive compositions.<ref name=TET2023/> Some of her other renowned female portraits include ''Young Girls'' (1932)'', [[Three Girls (painting)|Three Girls]]'' (1935), ''Hill Women'' (1935), and ''Women on the Charpai'' (1940).<ref name=TET2023/>

==Composition==
{{External image|image1=[https://thenational-the-national-prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/_kr3flaQLi6fodswxLHJIg02vLo=/800x0/filters:format(jpg):quality(70)/cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/thenational/CCLOKTI2WBDYHKQX52AUUHD2XQ.jpg ''The Story Teller''], 1937, oil on canvas, Private collection}}
''The Story Teller'' is an [[oil painting]] on [[canvas]], a [[figurative art]] measuring 59 cm by 79 cm.<ref name=Saff2023>{{cite web |title=Evening Sale: Modern Art -Sep-16, 2023 -Lot 13 -Amrita Sher-Gil |url=https://www.saffronart.com/auctions/postwork.aspx?l=43528 |website=Saffronart |access-date=31 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031131635/https://www.saffronart.com/auctions/postwork.aspx?l=43528 |archive-date=31 October 2023}}</ref> It was painted in October 1937, following Sher-Gil's tour of South India, and in the same month that her sister Indira married [[Kalyan Sundaram]].<ref name=TET2023/><ref name=Dalmia2013/> Her signature and the date October 1937 can be seen in the bottom right corner.<ref name=Saff2023/>

The painting blends elements of [[Pahari painting|Pahari]] and Parisian influences.<ref name=HT2023/><ref name=Priyanka2022>{{cite journal |last1=Priyanka |first1=Prachi |title=Amalgamation of East and West in the Art of Amrita Sher-Gil |journal=Journal of International Women's Studies |date=17 July 2022 |volume=24 |issue=3 |url=https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol24/iss3/4/ |issn=1539-8706 |access-date=30 October 2023 |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030165700/https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol24/iss3/4/ |url-status=live }}</ref> At the centre is a group of village women cosily occupied by ordinary tasks such as [[betel nut chewing|chewing betel nut]] and waving a [[hand fan|fan]], unconcerned about their surroundings, while a [[calf (animal)|baby cow]] is seen nosing its way among them.<ref name=Ananth2007>{{cite book |last1=Ananth |first1=Deepak |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: An Indian Artist Family of the Twentieth Century |date=2007 |publisher=Schirmer/Mosel |isbn=978-3-8295-0270-2 |page=24 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vd7qAAAAMAAJ |language=en |access-date=20 December 2023 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108221730/https://books.google.com/books?id=vd7qAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Dalmia2013/><ref name=Lal2023/> A woman is seated on a [[charpai|traditional bed]], engaged in storytelling with the women seated on the floor around her.<ref name=Dalmia2013/> There is also another cow.<ref name=Dalmia2013/> Set in an open courtyard, a man stands looking over them from behind a doorway.<ref name=Dalmia2013/>

Sher-Gil herself wrote to [[Karl Jamshed Khandalavala]] that this painting was among her recent works "lovely as colour".<ref name=Dalmia2013/> She told him that she found it "very soothing" painting the cows.<ref name=Dalmia2013/> It was within this artwork that she had first ventured into the realm of depicting animals, a creative choice that soon became a recurring theme in her artistic repertoire.<ref name=Dalmia2013/>

==Responses==
The painting was one of 33 of Sher-Gil's works displayed at her solo exhibition at [[Faletti's Hotel]] in [[Lahore]], [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]], held from 21 to 27 November 1937.<ref name=Sundaram2010>{{cite book |last1=Sundaram |first1=Vivan |title=Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters and Writings |date=2010 |publisher=Tulika Books |location=New Delhi |volume=2|pages=422–424|isbn=978-81-89487-59-1}}</ref> Between 1 March and 26 April 1970 it was exhibited at the Rabindra Bhawan, Delhi.<ref name=Saff2023/>

[[Charles Fabri]], an art critic for the ''[[Civil and Military Gazette]]'' and present at the 1937 Lahore exhibition was quoted as saying that "Miss Sher-Gil's oeuvre is essentially modern without being fantastic. Simplification and the grasping of important essentials are the key-note in most of her work and there is a certain quality of decorativeness in most of her canvases. Her most fascinating subjects are women and children."<ref name=Dalmia2013/><ref name=CMGDec1941/>

Art historian and critic [[Deepak Ananth]] felt that Sher-Gil was "opting for a less grandiose, more relaxed attitude to her Indian subjects".<ref name=Ananth2007/> He described the women "not as tragic figures, but as individuals who possessed awareness of their fate and the ability to rise above it".<ref name=Ananth2007/> [[Subodh Gupta]] notes "The Story Teller is one of Amrita Sher-Gil's most significant works. It portrays women, a common theme in her art, reflecting her indomitable spirit and dedication to her craft which has left an indelible mark on Indian art history. This makes her a cherished national treasure, a symbol of empowerment and someone whose work ushered in profound social change.”<ref name=Lal2023/> Indian sculptor Neeraj Gupta calls the painting "an honest and empathetic portrayal much like the artist herself".<ref name=Lal2023/>

==Sales record ==
''The Story Teller'' was bought by [[Badruddin Tyabji (diplomat)|Badruddin Tyabji]] in 1937 at the Lahore exhibition.<ref name=Sundaram2010/><ref name=CMGDec1941>{{cite news |title=Well known artist dies in Lahore |work=Civil & Military Gazette (Lahore) |date=7 December 1941 |page=4}}</ref> On 19 September 2023 Sher-Gil's ''The Story Teller'' was featured in Saffronart's ''Evening Sale: Modern Art,'' alongside over 70 works by celebrated artists including [[M. F. Husain]], [[Vasudeo S. Gaitonde]], [[Jamini Roy]], and [[F. N. Souza]].<ref name=TET2023/> It achieved a notable auction price of Rs 61.8 crore, equivalent to $7.45m, to set a record as the highest-priced Indian artwork sold at auction globally as of September 2023.<ref name=TET2023>{{Cite news |date=19 September 2023 |title=Amrita Sher-gil's 'The Story teller' is now the most expensive Indian painting! Oil on canvas masterpiece fetches Rs 61.8 cr at Delhi auction |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/amrita-sher-gils-the-story-teller-is-now-the-most-expensive-indian-painting-oil-on-canvas-masterpiece-fetches-rs-61-8-cr-at-delhi-auction/articleshow/103770939.cms?from=mdr |access-date=19 September 2023 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=26 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926085547/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/amrita-sher-gils-the-story-teller-is-now-the-most-expensive-indian-painting-oil-on-canvas-masterpiece-fetches-rs-61-8-cr-at-delhi-auction/articleshow/103770939.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Lal2023>{{cite news |last1=Lal |first1=Neeta |title=The Story Teller: A closer look at Amrita Sher-Gil's record-breaking $7.45m painting |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/art-design/2023/09/22/the-story-teller-amrita-sher-gil/ |access-date=30 October 2023 |work=The National |date=22 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030144932/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/art-design/2023/09/22/the-story-teller-amrita-sher-gil/ |archive-date=30 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted that between 2010 and 2020 work produced by women accounted for approximately 2% of the near two hundred billion dollars spent at art auctions, and responded to the record as faring "well for women artists who are often left out of the top billing monopolised by male artists the world over".<ref name="MaddoxOct2023">{{cite news |last1=Maddox |first1=Georgina |date=12 October 2023 |title=While Amrita Sher-Gil just set a global record, India's promising crop of young artists struggles for recognition |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/while-amrita-sher-gil-just-set-a-global-record-indias-promising-crop-of-young-artists-struggles-for-recognition/article67387676.ece |access-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104063336/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/while-amrita-sher-gil-just-set-a-global-record-indias-promising-crop-of-young-artists-struggles-for-recognition/article67387676.ece |archive-date=4 November 2023}}</ref> Previously, the most expensive Indian artwork ever sold at auction was [[S. H. Raza|Sayed Haider Raza's]] acrylic on canvas ''Gestation'' (1989), selling for ₹51.75 crore at Pundole Auction House on 31 August 2023, seven years after his death.<ref name=MaddoxSep2023>{{Cite news |last=Maddox |first=Georgina |date=7 September 2023 |title=The hammer has spoken {{!}} S.H. Raza's Gestation is the most expensive Indian artwork ever sold at auction |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/sh-raza-gestation-pundole-auction-most-expensive-indian-artwork-ever-sold/article67276244.ece |access-date=19 September 2023 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=12 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230912235938/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/sh-raza-gestation-pundole-auction-most-expensive-indian-artwork-ever-sold/article67276244.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of paintings by Amrita Sher-Gil]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Amrita Sher-Gil}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Story Teller}}
[[Category:Paintings by Amrita Sher-Gil]]
[[Category:1937 paintings]]
[[Category:Paintings in India]]
[[Category:Paintings of cattle]]
[[Category:Oil paintings on canvas]]
[[Category:Paintings of women]]

Chuni Kotal

2026-01-11T05:12:43Z

Red apple learning: add layout as per guidelines and fixed typos to improve readability

{{short description|Indian Dalit anthropologist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1965
| birth_place = Gohaldihi, [[Paschim Medinipur district]], [[West Bengal]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1992|8|16|1965|mf=yes}}
| death_place = [[Kharagpur]], [[Paschim Medinipur district]], [[West Bengal]]
| death_cause = [[Suicide]]
| other_names =
|education = [[Vidyasagar University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
| spouse ={{marriage|Manmatha Savar|1990}}
| occupation =
| years_active =
| known_for = [[Social work]]
| notable_works =
}}

'''Chuni Kotal''' was an [[Adivasi]] social worker and the first woman graduate from the [[Lodha people|Lodha community]], a [[Particularly vulnerable tribal group]] (PVTG) in India. Her death in 1992 drew national attention to allegations of systemic discrimination faced by tribal communities in educational institutions.

==Personal life==
Born in 1965, in village Gohaldihi, in [[Paschim Medinipur district]], [[West Bengal]], into a poor Lodha family with 3 brothers and 3 sisters.

Kotal married Manmatha Savar in 1990 through a court marriage. They had known each other since 1981. Savar, a high school graduate, was employed at the railway workshop in [[Kharagpur]].<ref name=change/><ref name=epw1991/>

==Education and career==
Kotal got her first job as a Lodha [[Social worker]] after her junior college in 1983 at Jhargram ITDP office, surveying local villages.

In 1985, she graduated in anthropology from [[Vidyasagar University]], becoming the first woman from the Lodha community to do so—a group that had been historically classified as a [[Denotified tribes of India|criminal tribe]] under British colonial rule.<ref>''Economic and Political Weekly'', she was the first lodha graduate women. Published by Sameeksha Trust., 1985. ''Page 1467''</ref><ref>''Dust on the Road: The Activist Writings of Mahasweta Devi'', by Mahasveta Devi, Maitreya Ghatak. Published by Seagull Books, 1997. {{ISBN|81-7046-143-X}}. ''The Story of Chuni Kotal - Page 136''.</ref> Two years after graduation, she was appointed as a Hostel superintendent at 'Rani Shiromoni [[SC and ST]] Girls' Hostel' at [[Medinipur]], here again she had to face the social stigma attached with her tribe.<ref name=change/>

During her Masters course ([[MSc]]) at the [[Vidyasagar University]], she was allegedly discriminated by university administrators, who refused to give her the requisite pass grades, despite her having fulfilled the criteria. The institution authority opined that a low-born person coming from a "criminal tribe", a [[Denotified tribes of India|Denotified tribe of India]], did not have the social privilege and pre-ordained destiny to study "higher discourse" like the social sciences.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Yib9wsfFMdQC&dq=Chuni+Kotal&pg=PA18 Introduction] ''Contested Belonging: An Indigenous People's Struggle for Forest and Identity in Sub-Himalayan Bengal'', by B. G. Karlsson, Published by Routledge, 2000. {{ISBN|0-7007-1179-1}}. ''Page 18-19''.</ref> In 1991, after losing two years at the course, she complained, and a high level enquiry commission was set up by the state Education minister to no avail, once the fact that she belonged to a former criminal tribe came to light.<ref name=change/>

==Death==
On 14 August 1992, frustrated by years casteist and racist harassment at Medinipur, she left Medinipur and went to meet her husband, Manmatha Savar, who had been working at Railway workshop at [[Kharagpur]], where she committed suicide on 16 August 1992, at the age of 27.<ref name=change>''The Changing Status of Women in West Bengal, 1970-2000: The Challenge Ahead'', by Jasodhara Bagchi, Sarmistha Dutta Gupta. Published by SAGE, 2005. {{ISBN|0-7619-3242-9}}. ''Tribal Women - Page 141''.</ref><ref name=epw1991>''Economic and Political Weekly'', Published by Sameeksha Trust., 29 August 1992. Page 1836.</ref>

Her death became the focal point of immense political, human rights and social controversy in the media in West Bengal, and eastern India,<ref>''Human Rights: Theory and Practice'', by Debi Chatterjee, Sucheta Ghosh, Sumita Sen, [[Jadavpur University]] Dept. of International Relations. Published by South Asian Publishers, 2002. {{ISBN|81-7003-247-4}}. ''Page 128''.</ref><ref>''Environment and Women Development: Lessons from Third World'', by G. K. Ghosh. Published by Ashish Publishing House, 1995. {{ISBN|81-7024-674-1}}. ''Page 270''.</ref><ref>[http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/sagar/fall.1994/dec.94.fn.html "Chuni Kotaler Attohota" (The Suicide of Chuni Kotal)] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/19980201081830/http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/sagar/fall.1994/dec.94.fn.html |date=1 February 1998 }} [[Anandabazar Patrika]], 20 August 1992."Debashish Bhottacharjo, "Amader Progotir Mukhosh Khule Dilen Chuni Kotal, Tanr Jibon Diye" (By Losing Her Life, Chuni Kotal Has Taken Away Our Progressive Mask)"</ref> where the discourse is traditionally [[Brahmin]]-[[Bania (caste)|Baniya]] dominated.

Upon her death, Bangla Dalit Sahitya Sanstha, [[Kolkata]], organized a mass movement through different seminars and street corners, street play protesting against university teachers, on the street of Kolkata.<ref>[http://www.dalitmirror.com/topic1.html Why Dalits in West Bengal are on Protest] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827150943/http://www.dalitmirror.com/topic1.html |date=27 August 2008 }} ''dalitmirror''.</ref>

==Legacy==
Since 1993, it organizes the Annual ''Chuni Kotal Memorial Lecture'' in [[Kolkata]] every year.<ref>[https://nandigramunited.blogspot.com/2008/01/home-about-us-contact-us-community.html 13th Chuni Kotal Memorial Lecture]</ref> Later a motivational video film has been produced on her life story by Department of Education, [[Govt. of India]]<ref>[http://education.nic.in/cd50years/12/8I/74/8I740902.htm Media and Communication Supports] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410155941/http://education.nic.in/cd50years/12/8I/74/8I740902.htm |date=10 April 2009 }} Department of Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, '' [[Govt. of India]] ''.</ref>

Her story was highlighted by noted writer-activist [[Mahasweta Devi]] in her book in Bengali, ''Byadhkhanda'' in (1994), ( ''The Book of the Hunter'' (2002))<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20081201143111/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/lr/2002/07/07/stories/2002070700220500.htm Forgotten tales]}} [[The Hindu]], 7 July 2002.</ref>

Har Na Mana Har (2021) is a Bengali novel has been written by Subhabrata Basu based on her tragic life

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20081201143111/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/lr/2002/07/07/stories/2002070700220500.htm Forgotten Tales]}} Review of Mahasweta Devi's ''The Book of the Hunter'' by Uma Mahadevan-Dasgupta in ''[[The Hindu]]''. Retrieved 23 March 2007.

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kotal, Chuni}}
[[Category:People from Paschim Medinipur district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian anthropologists]]
[[Category:Indian anti-caste leaders]]
[[Category:Victims of human rights abuses]]
[[Category:Suicides in India]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:1992 deaths]]
[[Category:Discrimination in India]]
[[Category:Vidyasagar University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:Indian women anthropologists]]
[[Category:Dalit women]]
[[Category:Dalit people]]
[[Category:Indian women social scientists]]
[[Category:Scientists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Dalit activists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:Women scientists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Activists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Adivasi activists]]
[[Category:Adivasi women]]
[[Category:Educators from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Women educators from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Female suicides]]

Manikka Vinayagam

2026-01-08T00:25:29Z

Red apple learning: quick update

{{Short description|Indian singer and actor (1943–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Manikka Vinayagam
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| birth_name = Vazhuvoor Manikka Vinayagam Ramaiya Pillai
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1943|12|10}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2021|12|26|1943|12|10}}
| instruments = [[Singing|Vocals]], [[Pump organ|Harmonium]]
| genre = [[Playback singer|Playback singing]], [[Folk music]]
| occupations = Singer
| years_active = 2001–2021
| label = Audiotracs
| website =
| birth_place = [[Mayiladuthurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[British India]]
| death_place = [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu, India
}}

'''Manikka Vinayagam''' (10 December 1943 – 26 December 2021) was an Indian [[playback singer]] and actor. He sang for South Indian language films and acted in several [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films as a character artist. He was the son of the dancer [[Vazhuvoor B. Ramiah Pillai]]. His uncle and music guru was the singer [[C. S. Jayaraman]].

== Biography ==
Vinayagam was born on 10 December 1943 in [[Mayiladuthurai]] in the then [[Madras Presidency]]. His father [[Vazhuvoor B. Ramiah Pillai]] was a [[Bharatanatyam]] dancer while his uncle [[C. S. Jayaraman]] was a singer, music director, and actor in the [[Tamil Film|Tamil film]] industry. He was introduced to [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] and [[Hindustani music]] by his uncle. He picked up the [[Nadaswaram]], a wind instrument, in his youth.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manikka Vinayagam|url=https://www.veethi.com/india-people/manikka_vinayagam-profile-4285-24.htm|access-date=27 December 2021|website=veethi.com|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227202143/https://www.veethi.com/india-people/manikka_vinayagam-profile-4285-24.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Vinayagam debuted as a playback singer in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil film]] ''[[Dhill]]'', with the song "Kannukkulla Gelathi" composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]. His debut in acting was for ''[[Thiruda Thirudi]]'' playing the father character to [[Dhanush]]. Since then, he has sung close to 800 songs in various languages. Apart from these, he has sung close to 15000 [[Devotional song|devotional]] [[Folk music|folk]], [[Love song|love]] and [[Carnatic music]] songs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/profilesmusic/manikka-vinayagam.asp |title=Profile of Manikka Vinayagam | Lakshman Sruthi - 100% Manual Orchestra | |publisher=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |access-date=20 January 2011 |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713183251/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/profilesmusic/manikka-vinayagam.asp |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Vinayagam also had an orchestra ''Starlings'', which consisted of musicians and singers who were children of other actors.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Balasubramanian|first=V.|date=24 November 2016|title=Notes from his life|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/Notes-from-his-life/article16693927.ece|access-date=27 December 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=25 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125150125/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/Notes-from-his-life/article16693927.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

Vinayagam died from a cardiac arrest at his home in [[Chennai]], on 26 December 2021, at the age of 78.<ref>{{Cite news|title=பிரபல பின்னணிப் பாடகர் மாணிக்க விநாயகம் மாரடைப்பால் காலமானார்… திரையுலகினர் அதிர்ச்சி!!|url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/tamilnadu/famous-playback-singer-manika-vinayakam-passed-away--r4qcxp|url-status=live|access-date=26 December 2021|work=Asianet News Tamil|archive-date=26 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226173324/https://tamil.asianetnews.com/amp/tamilnadu/famous-playback-singer-manika-vinayakam-passed-away--r4qcxp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=26 December 2021|title=அதிர்ச்சி.. பாடகர் மாணிக்க விநாயகம் காலமானார்.. பின்னணி பாடல்களை தாண்டி நடிப்பிலும் அசத்தியவர்!|url=https://tamil.filmibeat.com/news/manikka-vinayagam-passes-away-he-is-not-only-a-playback-singer-and-also-a-good-actor-090894.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 December 2021|work=Filmibeat Tamil|language=ta|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227025219/https://tamil.filmibeat.com/news/manikka-vinayagam-passes-away-he-is-not-only-a-playback-singer-and-also-a-good-actor-090894.html}}</ref>

==Selected discography==
===Films===
Source(s):<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manikka Vinayagam|url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/2654585-Manikka-Vinayagam|access-date=27 December 2021|website=Discogs|language=en|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227063646/https://www.discogs.com/artist/2654585-Manikka-Vinayagam|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Manikka Vinayagam Best Songs List: Top, New, & Old|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/manikka-vinayagam-mn0002677066/songs|access-date=27 December 2021|website=AllMusic|language=en|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227202558/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/manikka-vinayagam-mn0002677066/songs|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Manikka Vinayagam|url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/5sehJiCiH15ihXYCKyEALX|access-date=27 December 2021|website=Spotify|language=en|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227202819/https://open.spotify.com/artist/5sehJiCiH15ihXYCKyEALX|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Manikka Vinayagam - MusicBrainz|url=https://musicbrainz.org/artist/7b4cb6b0-48a2-4a38-bc33-9072ab52ee7d|access-date=27 December 2021|website=musicbrainz.org}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Song
!Film
!Music director
!Co-singer(s)
!Notes
|-
|2001||"Kannukkulle" ||''[[Dhill]]'' ||[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]|| ||
|-
|2001||"Yelai Imayamalai" || ''[[Thavasi]]'' ||[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]|| ||
|-
|2002||"Vidai Kodu" || ''[[Kannathil Muthamittal]]'' ||[[A. R. Rahman]]||[[M. S. Viswanathan]], Balram||
|-
|2002||"Dhaya Nee"||''[[Dhaya_(film)|Dhaya]]''||[[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]]||[[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]]||
|-
|2002||"Pombalainga Kadhal"||''[[Unnai Ninaithu]]''||[[Sirpy]]||[[P. Unnikrishnan]] ||
|-
|2002||"Theradi Veethiyil" || ''[[Run (2002 film)|Run]]''||[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]||[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]||
|-
|2002||"Thala Keezha"||''[[Gemini (2002 film)|Gemini]]''||[[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]]|| ||
|-
|2002||"Subbamma Subbamma" || ''[[Roja Koottam]]''||[[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]]||[[Malgudi Subha]]||
|-
|2003||"Vandi Vandi" || ''[[Jayam (2003 film)|Jayam]]''||[[R. P. Patnaik]]||[[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]||
|-
|2003||"Kadhal Vandhal" || ''[[Iyarkai]]'' ||[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]||[[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]||
|-
|2003||"Ayurveda Azhagi" || ''[[Thiruda Thirudi]]'' ||[[Dhina]]||[[Srilekha Parthasarathy]]||
|-
|2003||"Koduva Meesai" || ''[[Dhool]]'' ||[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]||Vidhu Prabhakar||
|-
|2003||"Chinnaveeda" || ''[[Ottran]]'' ||[[Praveen Mani]]||[[Srilekha Parthasarathy]]||
|-
|2003||"Theeratha Dum" || ''[[Parthiban Kanavu (2003 film)|Parthiban Kanavu]]''||[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]||[[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]||
|-
|2004||"Markandeya" || ''[[New (film)|New]]'' ||[[A. R. Rahman]]||[[Nithyashree]] ||
|-
|2004||"Punnakunnu" || ''[[Arul (film)|Arul]]'' ||[[Harris Jayaraj]]||[[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]||
|-
|2004||"Arjunar Villu"||''[[Ghilli]]''||[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]||[[Sukhwinder Singh]]||
|-
|2004||"Pattu Pattu" || ''[[Shankar Dada M.B.B.S.]]'' ||[[Devi Sri Prasad]]||Kalpana||Telugu
|-
|2005||"Kokku Para Para" || ''[[Chandramukhi]]'' ||[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]||[[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]||
|-
|2005||"Kattu Kattu" || ''[[Thirupaachi]]'' ||[[Devi Sri Prasad]]||Sumangali||
|-
|2005||"Thaai Sollum" || ''[[Kana Kandaen]]'' ||[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]|| ||
|-
|2005||"Hey Pangali"||''[[Majaa]]'' ||[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]||[[Udit Narayan]], [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]||
|-
|2006||"Mannargudi Kalakalakka" ||''[[Sivappathigaram]]''||[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]||Rajalakshmi, Chinnaponnu ||
|-
|2006||"Allave Yengalin Thaai Bhoomi" ||''[[Keerthi Chakra (film)|Aran]]'' ||Joshua Sridhar||Sajid Farth||
|-
|2006|| "Ennamma Devi" || ''[[Thambi (2006 film)|Thambi]]'' ||[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]||[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Balesh]]||
|-
|2006||"Chethavadam" || ''[[Veyil (2006 film)|Veyil]]'' ||[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]||||
|-
|2006||"Aiyyyayyyo" || ''[[Paruthiveeran]]'' ||[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]||Krishnaraj, [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]||
|-
|2007||"Vaa Mahaney Vaa" || ''[[Onbadhu Roobai Nottu]]'' ||[[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]]||||
|-
|2007||"Jigu Jickan" || ''[[Oram Po]]'' ||[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]||||
|-
|2008||"Namma Ooru Nallarukku" || ''[[Seval]]'' ||[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]||[[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Anuradha Sriram]], [[Mahathi (singer)|Mahathi]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Prashanthini]]||
|-
|2008||"America Endralum" || ''[[Santhosh Subramaniam]]''|| ||Naveen, [[Premgi Amaren]], [[Pushpavanam Kuppusamy]], [[Priya Himesh]]||
|-
|2008||"Veeramulla" || ''[[Kaalai]]'' ||[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]||||
|-
|2010||"Theakku Maramaattam" || ''[[Magizhchi]]'' ||[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]||||
|-
|2010||"Naane Inthiran" ||''[[Singam]]'' ||[[Devi Sri Prasad]]||||
|-
|2010||"Antharathil Aadum" || ''Thoppul Kodi'' || |||| Film unreleased
|-
|2011||"Aaduvome Pallu Paaduvome"|| ''[[Sadhurangam (2011 film)|Sadhurangam]]'' ||[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]|| ||
|-
|2014||"Vettaiyadu Koottam" || ''[[Sandiyar]]'' ||Yadhish Mahadev|| ||
|-
|2015||"Virugambakkam Vettu Kili" || ''Pathiladi'' ||Thomas Rathnam||||
|-
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Film
!Song
!Music director
!Co-singer(s)
!Channel
|-
|2005||''Vikramadithyan''||"Vikramadithya"||Rajesh Vaidhya|| ||Sun TV
|-
|2009||''Aadhi Parasakthi''||"Aadhi Parasakthi"||Rajesh Vaidhya||Rajesh Vaidhya||Raj TV
|-
|}

==Acting filmography==
Source(s):<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/paravai-muniyammas-innocence-turned-dhool-shoot-into-a-fun-experience-director-dharani/articleshow/74873364.cms|title=Paravai Muniyamma's innocence turned Dhool shoot into a fun experience: Director Dharani|work=The Times of India|author=M. Suganth}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Manikka Vinayagam|url=https://spicyonion.com/actor/manikka-vinayagam-movies-list/|access-date=27 December 2021|website=Spicyonion.com|language=en|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227204953/https://spicyonion.com/actor/manikka-vinayagam-movies-list/|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Manikka Vinayagam - Movies, Biography, News, Age & Photos|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/manikka-vinayagam/IEIN019695|access-date=27 December 2021|website=BookMyShow|archive-date=15 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015210929/https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/manikka-vinayagam/IEIN019695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Check out lists of Movies by #ManikkaVinayagam #Filmography|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/manikka-vinayagam/filmography.html|access-date=27 December 2021|website=FilmiBeat|language=en|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227203450/https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/manikka-vinayagam/filmography.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{colbegin}}
* ''[[Dhill]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Thiruda Thirudi]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Gambeeram]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Perazhagan]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Donga Dongadi]]'' (2004; Telugu)
* ''[[Giri (film)|Giri]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Arivumani]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Bose (film)|Bose]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Kalvanin Kadhali (2006 film)|Kalvanin Kadhali]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Thimiru]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Thullal (film)|Thullal]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Puli Varudhu]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Santosh Subramaniam]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Mathiya Chennai]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Thozhi]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Vettaikaaran (2009 film)|Vettaikkaran]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Bale Pandiya (2010 film)|Bale Pandiya]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Va Quarter Cutting]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Yuddham Sei]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Aadu Puli]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Singam Puli]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Avargalum Ivargalum]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Enbathettu]]'' (2017)
{{colend}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Discogs artist|Manikka Vinayagam}}
* {{IMDb name|11881550}}
* {{IMDb name|12785600}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vinayagam, Manikka}}
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Male actors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:People from Mayiladuthurai district]]
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]

Lalgun

2026-01-07T14:46:23Z

Red apple learning: new new details

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Short description|Village in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Lalgun
| settlement_type = Village
| elevation_m = 832
| population_total = 2930
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| postal_code = 415503
| subdivision_type = Country
| coordinates = {{coord|17.77981|N|74.29380|E|display=inline,title}}
| governing_body = '''Gram Panchayat'''
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|..Maharashtra Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Satara district|Satara]]
| subdivision_type3 = Taluka
| subdivision_name3 = [[Khatav]]
| postal_code_type = Pin Code
| population_demonym = Lalgunkar
| registration_plate = MH-11
| area_code = 02375
| area_code_type = Telephone Code
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| population_blank1_title = Literacy
| population_blank1 = 83.72%
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| image_skyline = Grampanchayat Lalgun.jpg
| image_caption = Independence Day Celebration Lalgun-2021
| leader_title = Sarpanch
| leader_name = Smt. Pooja Vijay Bhosale<ref>{{cite web |title=Sarpanch Grampanchayat, Lalgun |url=https://egramswaraj.gov.in/generalprofileforpanchayat.do?localbodycd=189485 |publisher=eGramswaraj, Govt. of India |access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = Upsarpanch
| leader_name1 = Shri. Yuvraj Shantaram Ghadge
| subdivision_type4 = Taluka H.Q.
| subdivision_name4 = [[Vaduj]]
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Indian road network|Major Highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[List of state highways in Maharashtra|SH-147]]
}}
'''Lalgun''' is a village in [[Khatav|Khatav taluka]] of [[Satara district]] in the [[India|Indian]] state of [[Maharashtra]]. It is located on Pusegaon-Phaltan State Highway ([[List of state highways in Maharashtra|SH-147]]) and comes under [[Koregaon Assembly constituency]] and [[Satara Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Koregaon Constituency |url=https://www.indiastatpublications.com/pdf_Samples/assembly_factbook/Maharashtra/Satara/Koregaon.pdf |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> Lalgun has a population of about 2930.

== History ==
Lalgun has existed for a long time. Warghat Prant(country above the ghats) was under the control of [[Shivaji|Chhatrapati Shivaji]]. Later, during the reign of
[[Shahu I|Chhatrapati Shahu-I]], the Warghat Province from [[Wai, Maharashtra|Wai]] to Kopal on the [[Tungabhadra River|Tungabhadra]] was placed under Dattaji Pant Waknis. [[Shahu I|Chhatrapati Shahu-I]]'s Jabita Swarajya i.e. a Statement of Swarajya (dated 9 September 1718) enumerated the list of provinces in which Warghat province was consists of 16 Subhas. Under the Subha Prant Khatao there were 11 Talukas viz Khatao, Malawadi, Wangi, Nimsod, [[Mayani]], Lalgun, [[Aundh, Satara|Aundh]], [[Vita, Maharashtra|Vita]], Khanapur, Kaledhon & Bhalwani.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Art. IV- "Shivaji's Swarajya" |journal=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bombay |volume=22 |page=38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRO2AAAAIAAJ&dq=lalgun&pg=PA38 |access-date=26 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Administrative System of Marathas |publisher=Calcutta University |page=53 |url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/28998/GIPE-005258.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y |access-date=26 October 2022}}</ref> During the time of Peshwa the qasaba Lalgun-Budh panchgaon was under the supervision of the [[Watandars]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Society and Social Disabilities Under The Peshwas | year=1988 | publisher=National Publishing House | isbn=9788121401579 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AjgdAAAAIAAJ&q=lalgun+budh |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> The British also ruled this region till independence of India. In 1871-72, British administration opened a school at Lalgun.<ref>{{cite web |title=Z.P. C.P.S. Lalgun |url=https://schools.org.in/satara/27310414302/z-p-cps-lalgun.html |publisher=Schools.org.in |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Lalgun is located 17.779N, 74.294E, approximately 38 km east of Satara city <ref>{{cite web |title=Lalgun to Satara Distacne |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Lalagun,+Maharashtra+415503/Satara+Head+Post+Office,+Shivaji+Circle,+Ajinkya+Colony,+Powai+Naka,+Satara,+Maharashtra/@17.7852122,74.030633,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bc3ca097032af33:0xfaa4ae88208750d9!2m2!1d74.2949542!2d17.780161!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bc239eb27b7ff75:0xb8e55825886885e0!2m2!1d74.0069456!2d17.6880695 |publisher=Google Maps |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> and 120 km from [[Swargate|Swargate (Pune)]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Lalgun to Swargate (Pune) Distance |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Lalagun,+Maharashtra+415503/Swargate,+Pune,+Maharashtra/@18.1414979,73.7932051,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bc3ca097032af33:0xfaa4ae88208750d9!2m2!1d74.2949542!2d17.780161!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bc2c014271918c5:0xfa3ce63f0c494d3f!2m2!1d73.8635912!2d18.5018322 |publisher=Google Maps |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 832 metres (2,730 feet)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lalgun elevation |title=Report on Aquifer Maps & Ground Water Management Plan, Khatav Taluka, Satara, Maharashtra |url=http://cgwb.gov.in/AQM/NAQUIM_REPORT/Maharshtra/KHATAV%20(VADUJ)%20TALUKA,%20SATARA%20DISTRICT,%20part%20_i.pdf |publisher=Central Ground Water Board, Govt. of India |access-date=28 January 2023}}</ref> and surrounded by mountainous region of the Sahyadri. Geomorphologically, Lalgun forms the part of [[Deccan Plateau]], which is composed of basalt rock.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Deccan Plateau |title=District Survey Report 2020-2021 (Draft) |url=http://cgwb.gov.in/AQM/NAQUIM_REPORT/Maharshtra/KHATAV%20(VADUJ)%20TALUKA,%20SATARA%20DISTRICT,%20part%20_i.pdf |publisher=District Mining Officer Satara, Maharashtra |access-date=16 February 2023}}</ref>

Lalgun is situated on the banks of the [[Yerla River]], a tributary of [[Krishna River]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Aquifer Maps and Ground Water Management Plan, Khatav Taluka, Satara DIstrict, Maharashtra |publisher=Central Ground Water Board |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Lalagun,+Maharashtra+415503/Swargate,+Pune,+Maharashtra/@18.1414979,73.7932051,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bc3ca097032af33:0xfaa4ae88208750d9!2m2!1d74.2949542!2d17.780161!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bc2c014271918c5:0xfa3ce63f0c494d3f!2m2!1d73.8635912!2d18.5018322 |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> The [[Yerla River]] is the lifeline of this village, and fulfills its agricultural water demands. The Ner Dam on the [[Yerla River]] lies about 3 km south of Lalgun, and was completed in 1881. The Taluka Headquarters (Tehsil Office) of Lalgun is located about 35 km away at [[Vaduj]].

== Agriculture ==
The main economic activities of this village are agriculture and animal husbandry. Major crops are Soybean, Common beans, Potato, Onion, Jowar, etc. Recently some watershed development has increased the area under sugarcane cultivation. Hence this village is also famous for Jaggery processing.
== In popular culture ==
* Lalgun is famous for the Nagnath Yatra held every year in the month of Shravan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nagnath Yatra Nagnathwadi (Lalgun) |url=https://www.lokmat.com/satara/period-serpentine-practice-year/ |access-date=8 September 2022 |publisher=Lokmat |date=4 August 2019}}</ref> This yatra is observed at Nagnath Temple at Nagnathwadi near Lalgun. This shrine has equal importance of [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]] and Nag devtas. The festival of [[Rama Navami]] is also celebrated every year by the people of Lalgun.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramnavami Lalgun |url=https://www.readermaster.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Mahalakshami-Calendar-2021-PDF.pdf |publisher=Mahalaxmi Calendar |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref>
* Lalgun is famous for its Jangi Kusti Maidan (Mega Wrestling event), which is held every year on the occasion of Vetalba Yatra in Baisakh (in the month of May)<ref>{{cite news |title=ललगुणला आज जंगी कुस्ती मैदान..मान्यवरांची उपस्थिती |url=https://aimmedia.in/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9C-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88/ |access-date=26 October 2022 |publisher=The Aim Media |date=13 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Rohit Patel vs Manish Kumar at Lalgun Khatav Satara |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QoVCsKjaE_E |publisher=YouTube |access-date=26 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Balarafik Shekh vs David Yargen Iran at Lalgun Satara |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WlCD9TnRVqM |publisher=YouTube |access-date=26 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ललगुणला आज जंगी कुस्ती मैदान |url=http://sataratoday.com/post/87312 |access-date=26 October 2022 |publisher=Satara Today |date=12 May 2022}}</ref>
* This village has legacy of service in armed forces. Most of the soldiers participated in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]], [[Nathu La and Cho La clashes|Indo-China War of 1967]], [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] and [[Kargil War|Kargil War of 1999]]. Shri. Sarjerao Shankar Bhosle martyred in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] and Subedar Shri. Krishnat Narayan Ghadge performed duty as part of Operation Vijay during the 1999 [[Kargil War]] and was martyed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pune Prime News |url=https://puneprimenews.com/latest-news/salute-to-shaheed-sarjerao-bhosle-for-fifty-seven-consecutive-years-at-lalgun/ |access-date=12 April 2025 |publisher=Pune Prime News |date=19 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Martyrs of Kargil War 1999 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/kargil-war-widow-who-won-her-own-battle/articleshow/70402876.cms |access-date=8 September 2022 |publisher=Times of India |date=27 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Kargil Katha |year=1999 |publisher=Pancajanya Kargila Prakoshtha |pages=282 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWZuAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3 |access-date=26 October 2022}}</ref>
* Lalgun is the native village of Kailash Katkar, the founder and CEO of '[[Quick Heal]]' a famous multinational software company headquartered in Pune<ref>{{cite news |title=सातारा भूषण पुरस्कार'क्विक हील'च्या संस्थापकांना जाहीर |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/maharashtra/satara/satara-bhushan-award-announced-to-the-founder-of-quick-heal/articleshow/71014949.cms |access-date=26 October 2022 |publisher=Maharashtra Times |date=7 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=How a school dropout who repaired calculators built a Rs 350 crore turnover global business |url=https://www.theweekendleader.com/Success/2636/the-virus-fighters.html |access-date=26 October 2022 |publisher=The Weekend Leader |date=21 July 2017}}</ref> and Nikhil Navanath Ghadge, the City Secretary of Nationalist Youth Congress Party, PCMC, Pune.
<gallery>
File:Shri Ram Mandir Lalgun.jpg|Shri Ram Mandir Lalgun
File:Entry Gate Lalgun.jpg|Dahihandi Celebration-Shri Rudraji Raje Mahadwar Lalgun
File:Shri Shampuri Maharaj Mandir Lalgun.jpg|Shri Shampuri Maharaj Mandir Lalgun
File:Mhaskoba Hills.jpg|Mhaskoba Hills/Range
</gallery>
== Nearby Tourist Places ==
[[File:Shri Bhavani Museum & Library, Aundh (Satara).jpg|thumb|Shri Bhavani Museum and Library, [[Aundh, Satara|Aundh]]]]
[[File:Kaas world Heritage.jpg|thumb|[[Kas Plateau Reserved Forest|Kaas Pathar (UNESCO World Heritage sites)]]]]
Some famous tourist places in and around Lalgun are:
* [[Nagnathwadi, Lalgun|Shri Nagnath Temple, Nagnathwadi (Lalgun)]]- 2.5 km<ref>{{cite news |title=Nagnath Yatra Nagnathwadi (Lalgun) |url=https://www.lokmat.com/satara/period-serpentine-practice-year/ |access-date=8 September 2022 |publisher=Lokmat |date=4 August 2019}}</ref>
* Ner Dam, Ner- 4 km<ref>{{cite web |title=Ner Dam |url=https://www.esakal.com/satara/tourists-visits-ner-lake-khatav-satara-news-360917 |publisher=Sakal News Paper |access-date=10 February 2023}}</ref>
* Shri Sevagiri Maharaj Temple, [[Pusegaon]]- 11 km<ref>{{cite web |title=Shri Sevagiri Maharaj Temple |url=https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/satara_mar/pdf/prekshaniya/6.pdf |publisher=Maharashtra Government |access-date=25 February 2023}}</ref>
* [[Vardhangad Fort]]- 10 km<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vardhangad |title=Mandeshcha Itihas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QU7HDwAAQBAJ&dq=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A1&pg=PA27 |access-date=25 February 2023}}</ref>
* Rewalkarwadi-Visapur Wind Park- 16 km<ref>{{cite web |title=Revalkarwadi Wind Park |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Lalagun,+Maharashtra/M72J%2B78P+Rameshwer+MahaDev+Temple,+Revalkarwadi,+Maharashtra+415505/@17.7162599,74.2364469,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bc3ca097032af33:0xfaa4ae88208750d9!2m2!1d74.2949542!2d17.780161!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bc3cc4e9921bc09:0x6e4059e0e25e8363!2m2!1d74.2808203!2d17.6507108 |publisher=Google Maps |access-date=25 February 2023}}</ref>
* Shri Bhavani Museum & Library, [[Aundh, Satara|Aundh]]- 31 km<ref>{{cite web |title=Shri Bhavani Museum & Library, Aundh |url=https://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/-/aundh-satara-museum |publisher=Maharashtra Government |access-date=25 February 2023}}</ref>
* [[Mayani Bird Sanctuary|Mayani Bird Conservation Reserve, Mayani]]- 56 km<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayani Bird Sanctuary |url=http://www.mahaecotourism.gov.in/ecotourism/en/mayani-bird-conservation-reserve |publisher=Government of Maharashtra |access-date=25 February 2023}}</ref>
* [[Kas Plateau Reserved Forest|Kaas Pathar (UNESCO World Heritage sites)]]- 64 km<ref>{{cite web |title=Kaas Pathar |url=https://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/kaas-plateau |publisher=Dept. of Tourism, Govt. of Maharashtra |access-date=5 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[Panchgani]] hill station- 70 km<ref>{{cite web |title=Lalgun to Panchgani distance |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Lalagun,+Maharashtra+415503/Shri+krishna+Electrical,+Wathar,+Maharashtra/Sachin+Tea+Stall,+Wai+-+Wathar+Road,+Wathar,+Maharashtra/Ghigewadi,+Maharashtra/Wai,+Maharashtra/Panchgani,+Maharashtra/@17.9449344,73.808121,25241m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m38!4m37!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bc3ca097032af33:0xfaa4ae88208750d9!2m2!1d74.2949542!2d17.780161!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bc24da63e949041:0xa646d08b8f162af3!2m2!1d74.1345979!2d17.8847664!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bc24d1000f79e6b:0xf8cbf263f23a80c3!2m2!1d74.134767!2d17.8901827!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bc24e8fdb9a4d55:0xa3f2dcb2567379eb!2m2!1d74.1181234!2d17.9015247!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bc25cd890d331ed:0x45b24a8c0a83bf70!2m2!1d73.8885528!2d17.9527562!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bc2660326292d1b:0x7b364992c7d16bfc!2m2!1d73.7977464!2d17.9234131!3e0 |publisher=Google Maps |access-date=12 February 2023}}</ref>

== Transport ==
Lalgun is located on the [[Pusegaon-Phaltan State Highway]] ([[List of state highways in Maharashtra|SH-147]]). The [[National Highway 548C (India)|NH-548C Satara-Baitul National Highway]] connecting [[Satara (city)|Satara]] passes at a distance of 8 km from Lalgun.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lalgun to Ner Phata distance |title=NH-548C (Satara- Baitul) |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Grampanchayat+Lalgun,+Lalagun,+Maharashtra/17.7155792,74.2910796/@17.747793,74.2605926,13z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m8!4m7!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bc3ca0bd930dd21:0xbc9fa50a8a3f3ffc!2m2!1d74.2939729!2d17.7797773!1m0 |publisher=Google Maps |access-date=18 February 2023}}</ref> MSRTC buses are available from here to [[Vaduj]], [[Satara (city)|Satara]], [[Phaltan]], [[Pune]], [[Shirdi]] and [[Mumbai]]. [[Koregaon]] Railway station is 22 km away and [[Wathar|Wathar Railway Station]] is 26 km away from Lalgun. [[Pune International Airport]] is 125 km away.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lalgun to Pune International Airport Distance |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Lalagun,+Maharashtra+415503/Pune+International+Airport,+New+Airport+Rd,+Pune+International+Airport+Area,+Lohegaon,+Pune,+Maharashtra+411032/@18.1801981,73.7759498,10z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bc3ca097032af33:0xfaa4ae88208750d9!2m2!1d74.2949542!2d17.780161!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bc2c134e6c4ff8f:0xa810745cf9310798!2m2!1d73.9089168!2d18.579343!5i2 |publisher=Google Map |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref>

== Education ==
[[File:Z.P. Primary Central School Lalgun.jpg|thumb|Z.P. Primary Central School Lalgun]]
In Lalgun, the facility of education is available in both [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[English language|English]] medium till class 10th. A government school was started at Lalgun on 1 June 1871. Lalgun is also famous for private academies for career in Police and Defense.

'''Schools'''
* Z.P. Central Primary School<ref>{{cite web |title=Z.P. C.P.S. Lalgun |url=https://schools.org.in/satara/27310414302/z-p-cps-lalgun.html |publisher=Schools.org.in |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref>
* Shri Ram Vidya Mandir<ref>{{cite web |title=Sri Ram Vidya Mandir Lalgun |url=https://schools.org.in/satara/27310414301/sriram-vidya-mandir-lalgun.html |publisher=Schools.org.in |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref>
* Little Angels English Medium School<ref>{{cite web |title=Little Angels English Medium School Lalgun |url=https://schools.org.in/satara/27310414304/little-angles-english-medium-school.html |publisher=Schools.org.in |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref>
* Royal Career Academy
* Lakshya Career Academy<ref>{{cite news |title=Lakshya Career Academy Lalgun
|url=https://www.google.com/search?q=%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3#imgrc=8nKcVZG817MpKM |access-date=8 September 2022 |agency=Pudhari |date=4 July 2018}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Satara district]]

Bapulapadu mandal

2025-12-12T06:30:44Z

Red apple learning: further correct structure per sources and added references for accuracy

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bapulapadu
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Mandal map of Krishna district showing Bapulapadu mandal (in Rose Colour)
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16|38|11|N|80|57|58|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Krishna district|Krishna]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| seat_type = [[Headquarters]]
| seat = [[Bapulapadu]]
| parts_type = [[Administrative divisions of India|Major villages]]
| parts_style = para
| parts =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|Mandal Parishad]]
| leader_title = [[Tehsildar]]
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 226.63
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 84,922
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=population>{{cite web|title=Census 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2816_PART_B_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|pages=238|accessdate=6 November 2017}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = AP 16
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
}}

'''Bapulapadu mandal''' is one of the 25 [[mandal]]s in [[Krishna district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/5004-Bapulapadu-krishna-andhra-pradesh.html|title=Bapulapadu Mandal - Krishna|accessdate=6 November 2017}}</ref> The headquarters of this mandal is located at [[Bapulapadu]] town. The mandal is bordered by [[Nuzvid mandal]] and [[Agiripalle mandal]] to the north, [[West Godavari district]] to the east, [[Nandivada mandal]] to the south and [[Unguturu mandal, Krishna district|Unguturu mandal]] to the west.<ref>{{cite web|title=Krishna Mandal Map|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/andhrapradesh/tehsil/krishna.html|publisher=Maps of India|accessdate=6 November 2017}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India|census]], the mandal had a population of 84,922 living in 24,036 households. The total population constituted 42,406 males and 42,516 females, for a sex ratio of 1,003 females per 1000 males.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiagrowing.com/Andhra_Pradesh/Krishna/Bapulapadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801010940/http://www.indiagrowing.com/Andhra_Pradesh/Krishna/Bapulapadu|url-status=usurped|archive-date=1 August 2013|title=Population of Bapulapadu mandal|publisher=India Growing|accessdate=6 November 2017}}</ref> There were 8,403 children in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 4,359 were boys and 4,044 were girls, for a sex ratio of 928. The average literacy rate stands at 72.19% with 55,236 literates, of which 28,807 are males and 26,429 are females. There were 21,375 members of [[Scheduled Caste]]s and 2,036 members of [[Scheduled Tribe]]s.

===Labor Statistics===
As per the report published by Census of India in 2011, 42,835 people were engaged in work activities, including 26,215 males and 16,620 females. In the census, 39,636 workers describe their work as main work, 3,393 as cultivators, 26,510 as agricultural labourers, 462 in household industry and 9,271 were involved in other works. Of these, 3,199 were marginal workers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.co.in/subdistrict/Bapulapadu-mandal-krishna-andhra-pradesh-5004|title=Bapulapadu Mandal Population, Caste, Religion Data|publisher=Census 2011|accessdate=6 November 2017}}</ref>

== Administration ==
Bapulapadu mandal is administered under the [[Gannavaram, Krishna Assembly constituency|Gannavaram Assembly constituency]] of the [[Machilipatnam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Machilipatnam Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf
|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=6 November 2017|pages=20, 31|format=pdf}}</ref> It is one of the 8 mandals those falls under [[Gudivada revenue division]].

== Towns and villages ==
{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India|census]], there are a total of 28 settlements in the mandal. [[Bapulapadu]] is the largest and [[Kuripirala]] is the smallest in terms of population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vlist.in/sub-district/05004.html|title=Villages in Bapulapadu mandal|accessdate=6 November 2017}}</ref>

The settlements in the mandal are:
{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|style=width:750px;|
#Ampapuram
#Arugolanu
#Bandarugudem
#Bapulapadu
#Billanapalle
#Bommuluru
#Bommuluru Khandrika
#Chirivada
#Dantaguntla
#Kakulapadu
#Kanumolu
#Kodurupadu
#Kothapalle
#Koyyuru
#Kuripirala
#Madicherla
#Mallavilli
#Ogirala
#Ramannagudem
#Rangannagudem
#Remalli
#Serinarasannapalem
#Singannagudem
#Sobhanadripuram
#Tippanagunta
#Veeravalli
#Veleru
#Venkatapuram
#Venkatrajugudem
}}

== Education ==
The mandal plays a major role in education for the rural students of nearby villages. The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided by private schools, under the School Education Department of the state.<ref>{{cite web|title=School Education Department|url=http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf|publisher=School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh|accessdate=6 November 2017|format=PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227185018/http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf|archive-date=27 December 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, the mandal has more than 9,583 students enrolled in over 103 schools.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/totalSchoolReport.xls#|title=R1.1 SCHOOL INFORMATION|accessdate=6 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108154343/http://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/totalSchoolReport.xls|archive-date=8 November 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Student Information Report|url=http://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/districtStudentReport.do?mode=getMandalReportsList&dist=2816&distname=KRISHNA|website=Commissionerate of School Education|publisher=Child info 2015-16, District School Education - Andhra Pradesh|accessdate=6 November 2017|archive-date=16 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316010417/http://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/districtStudentReport.do?mode=getMandalReportsList&dist=2816&distname=KRISHNA|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh]]
* [[Vijayawada]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Krishna district}}

[[Category:Mandals in Krishna district]]

Coimbatore Metro

2025-11-22T12:20:27Z

Red apple learning: Started A Data W/ Refs.

{{Short description|Rapid transit system proposed for Coimbatore, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox public transit
| name = Coimbatore Metro
| image =
| imagesize = 100px
| alt =
| caption =
| image2 =
| imagesize2 = 310px
| caption2 =
| locale = [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| transit_type = [[Rapid transit]]
| began_operation = Proposed
| headquarters = [[Coimbatore metropolitan area]]
| lines = 2
| line_number = (planned)
{{color box|#e80b07; font-size:100%|[[Line 1 (Coimbatore Metro)|'''Red Line (Line 1)''']]|}} {{color box|#30f516; font-size:100%|[[Line 2 (Coimbatore Metro)|'''Green Line (Line 2)''']]|}}
| stations =
| website =
| ridership =
| train_length =
| headway =
| vehicles =
| track_gauge =
| system_length = 73 km
| average_speed =
| top_speed = {{convert|80|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| minimum_radius_of_curvature =
| el =
| operator = [[Chennai Metro Rail Limited]] (CMRL)
| owner = CMRL
| map =
| area served = Coimbatore
}}

'''Coimbatore Metro''', also known as '''Kovai Metro''', is a proposed [[Rapid transit|rapid transit system]] for [[Coimbatore metropolitan area|Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sampath |first=Nirupa |date=2024-11-25 |title=CMRL puts Madurai and Coimbatore Metro plans on fast track |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/tamilnadu/cmrl-puts-madurai-and-coimbatore-metro-plans-on-fast-track-812435 |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=www.dtnext.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chennai Metro Focuses on Coimbatore and Madurai, Delays Salem and Tiruchy Projects |url=https://www.news18.com/auto/chennai-metro-focuses-on-coimbatore-and-madurai-delays-salem-and-tiruchy-projects-9133204.html |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
The [[Government of India|Indian government]] proposed a [[Rapid transit|metro rail]] system for 16 tier-two cities in India, including Coimbatore, in 2010. The [[Government of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu government]] opted for a [[monorail]] the following year, however, shelving the metro project.<ref>{{cite news|title=Railway struggle comitte meets cm|newspaper=The Hindu |date=25 December 2013 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/metro-rail-railway-struggle-committee-to-meet-cm/article5500517.ece}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=railway committee suggest metro|url=http://www.railnews.in/coimbatore-railway-struggle-committee-to-meet-cm-with-metro-rail-demand/}}</ref>

The Coimbatore Railway Struggle Committee has advocated implementing a metro railway system in Coimbatore.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 October 2013 |title=Metroman E.sreedharan proposes metro |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Coimbatore-urgently-needs-a-metro-rail-system-E-Sreedharan/articleshow/24723912.cms |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> Transport expert [[E. Sreedharan]] conducted a 2013 survey in Coimbatore, and concluded that a metro rail system would be suitable for the city. In January 2017, a [[Coimbatore district]] administration official told ''[[The Hindu]]'' that no mass rapid transit project was under consideration for Coimbatore.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rajkumar |first1=Varun Venkatesan and Surya |date=11 January 2017 |title=Signal remains red for Coimbatore metro rail project |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/Signal-remains-red-for-Coimbatore-metro-rail-project/article17023423.ece |access-date=6 February 2017 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref>

The state government revived the metro proposal that year, and Railway Minister [[Suresh Prabhu]] announced that the national government was prepared to support and fund the project with state approval. Although work was expected to begin in 2017–18,<ref name=":0">{{cite news |date=27 May 2017 |title=Metro works to begin by next financial year |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/metro-rail-project-works-to-begin-in-coimbatore-by-next-financial-year/article18593116.ece |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> it did not proceed. Tamil Nadu Chief Minister [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]] later announced a metro rail plan for Coimbatore, with a feasibility study and [[Project plan|detailed project report]] (DPR) to be conducted by [[Chennai Metro Rail Limited]] (CMRL). Funding would be from the German-based [[KfW]].<ref>{{cite news |date=19 July 2017 |title=Coimbatore gets metro |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/coimbatore-to-get-metro-rail/article19307106.ece |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=27 January 2024 |title=CM announces metro for coimbatore |url=http://www.puthiyathalaimurai.com/news/tamilnadu/24582-metro-to-be-started-in-coimbatore.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=19 July 2017 |title=coimbatore gets metro |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/tamil-nadu-coimbatore-to-get-metro-second-phase-of-chennai-metro-worth-rs-88897-cr-cleared-3830313.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Madhavan |first1=Karthik |date=10 September 2017 |title=CMRL roped in for Coimbatore Metro Rail plan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/cmrl-roped-in-for-coimbatore-metro-rail-plan/article19656626.ece |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=8 September 2017 |title=German based company funds coimbatore metro |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2017/sep/08/german-agency-to-give-125m-euros-for-kovai-metro-rail-feasibility-study-1653919.html}}</ref> CMRL issued a tender notice for the preparation of the DPR and feasibility report.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-12-04 |title=State government floats tenders for metro rail feasibility study |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/state-govt-floats-tenders-for-metro-rail-feasibility-study/articleshow/61908364.cms |access-date=2024-11-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The project gathered steam in 2024–25, with CMRL submitting a DPR and Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP) to the union government.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-26 |title=Madurai and Coimbatore metro rail projects: Missing details included in detailed feasibility report, officials say |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/madurai-and-coimbatore-metro-rail-projects-missing-details-included-in-detailed-feasibility-report-officials-say/articleshow/112042801.cms |access-date=2024-12-03 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-25 |title=CMRL puts Madurai and Coimbatore Metro plans on fast track|url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/tamilnadu/cmrl-puts-madurai-and-coimbatore-metro-plans-on-fast-track-812435 |access-date=2024-12-03 |work=DT Next}}</ref>

==Timeline==
*''2011'':
**The Indian government under former Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] announces metro rail projects for Tier-II cities, including Coimbatore.
**The Tamil Nadu government, under former Chief Minister [[J. Jayalalithaa]], shelves the metro rail project in favour of a [[monorail]].
*''2013:'' [[E. Sreedharan]] conducts a survey and announces that metro rail is a suitable transport option for Coimbatore.
*''2017:''
**The Tamil Nadu government, under former Chief Minister [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]], revives metro rail for Coimbatore.
**The government announces the beginning of the Coimbatore Metro project by fiscal year 2017-18, with approvals from the state and central governments.<ref name=":0" />
**[[Ministry of Railways|Railway Minister]] [[Suresh Prabhu]] announces that the central government is ready to launch and fund the Coimbatore Metro project.
**The Tamil Nadu government announces that a [[feasibility study]] would be conducted and a Detailed Project Report (DPR) prepared for the Coimbatore Metro by [[Chennai Metro|Chennai Metro Rail Limited]] (CMRL), with funding by [[Germany]]'s KfM.
**The Tamil Nadu government orders CMRL to float tenders. CMRL releases a tender notice for preparing Coimbatore Metro's DPR and feasibility report.
*''2018:''
**CMRL floats tender for Coimbatore Metro's DPR and feasibility-report preparation.
**KfW shortlists five firms to prepare the DPR and feasibility study for the Coimbatore Metro.
*''2019:''
**Feasibility study and DPR under preparation by [[SYSTRA]].
**Feasibility study submitted to the government and is awaiting approval.
**SYSTRA approaches the district administration and the city municipal corporation with details about development of city and state highways and [[National Highways Authority of India]] (NHAI) roads. Based on details provided by the district administration and the corporation, SYSTRA would prepare the DPR.
*''2020:''
**CMRL meets with the Highways Department and Coimbatore corporation officials and discusses implementation of the metro project. A section of the metro route is suggested to be changed because of a clash with the [[Ukkadam]] flyover. A metro line is planned to extend to [[Vellalore]] to connect to the new bus terminus.
**A fifth metro line is proposed to connect the proposed [[Coimbatore Integrated Bus Terminus]] (CIBT) in Vellalore with Ukkadam.
*''2021:''
**The Tamil Nadu government allocates ₹6,683 [[crore]] for the Coimbatore Metro project in the 2021-22 budget.<ref>{{Cite web|title=State Govt allocates Rs 6,683 crore for Coimbatore Metro Rail project|url=https://www.urbantransportnews.com/news/state-govt-allocates-rs-6683-crore-for-coimbatore-metro-rail-project|access-date=2021-09-08|website=Urban Transport News}}</ref>
**[[Rail India Technical and Economic Service|RITES]] floats a tender for a topographical survey for the project.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tender floated for Topographical survey works for Coimbatore Metro Rail Project|url=https://urbantransportnews.com/news/tender-floated-for-topographical-survey-works-for-coimbatore-metro-rail-project|access-date=2021-09-08|website=Urban Transport News}}</ref>
**A [[site survey]] begins for the project.<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 7, 2021|first=A.|last=Subburaj|title=Survey begins for metro rail project|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/survey-begins-for-metro-rail-project/articleshow/85990106.cms|access-date=2021-09-08|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
**A feasibility survey begins.
**A group of engineers and the MLA of the constituency examines the portion of the metro route which clashes with the under-construction flyover, and an alternative route is sought.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 7, 2021 |title=Metro rail project won't be an easy ride: Highways dept officials |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/metro-rail-project-wont-be-an-easy-ride-highways-dept-officials/articleshow/85990192.cms |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
*''2022'':
**The Tamil Nadu government under [[M. K. Stalin]] announces metro rail projects for Tier-II cities in the state, including Coimbatore and [[Madurai]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=TN Budget announces Metro rail projects for Coimbatore and Madurai|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tn-budget-metro-rail-projects-coimbatore-and-madurai-174811|access-date=2023-03-23|website=The News Minute|date=20 March 2023 }}</ref>
**Finance Minister [[Palanivel Thiagarajan]] announces that the Detailed Project Report by CMRL is in its final stages, funds will soon be allocated by the central government, and construction will begin.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sekar |first=Sunitha |date=2022-03-22 |title=CMRL to do a feasibility study for building mass rapid transit in three cities |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/cmrl-to-do-a-feasibility-study-for-building-mass-rapid-transit-in-three-cities/article65245817.ece |access-date=2022-03-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
**A DPR for phase one of the project is in its final stages. The first phase will be 44 km on [[Avinashi Road, Coimbatore|Avinashi]] and [[Sathy Road|Sathyamangalam Roads]].
**An [[Right to Information Act, 2005|RTI]] request by Chennai-based activist Dayanad Krishnan revealed that CMRL is expected to complete phase one of the Coimbatore metro project in 2027 at a total cost of ₹9,424 crore.
*''2023:''
**₹9,000 crore is allotted for the Coimbatore Metro route between Avinashi Road and Sathyamangalam Road in the 2023-24 budget, and the DPR is to be submitted to the Tamil Nadu government.
**CMRL managing director M. A. Siddique submits a DPR for the metro to Ramesh Chand Meena, Additional Chief Secretary of Special Initiatives. The Tamil Nadu government plans a metro project on Avinashi Road and Sathyamangalam Road in Coimbatore at ₹9,000 crore for 39- and 32-km routes.
*''2024:''
**Siddique says that preliminary work for the metro is planned to start in January and February 2025. Land acquisition for the project is underway.
*''2025''
**The Union Government of India returned the metro proposals for Madurai and Coimbatore, citing the population of both cities as less than 20 lakh. However, the Tamil Nadu government raised concerns about what it called an “uneven application” of the Centre’s Metro Rail Policy, pointing out that cities such as Agra, Patna, and Bhopal despite having populations below this threshold, had been approved for metro projects.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-18 |title=Why Madurai and Coimbatore didn’t get Centre's Metro approval — and how smaller cities did |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/tamilnadu-metro-policy-madurai-coimbatore-centre-rejection-qw0p0b2t |access-date=2025-11-18 |website=@mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>

==Corridors==
===Proposed corridors===
{{Phase I, Coimbatore Metro}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="7" |Coimbatore Metro
|-
! Corridor No
! Line
! From
! To
! Roads
! Via
! Length (km)
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| style="background:#fc050d; text-align: center; | [[Line 1 (Coimbatore Metro)| Red Line]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Ukkadam Bus Terminus]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Karumathampatti]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Avinashi Road, Coimbatore|Avinashi Road]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Coimbatore Junction railway station|Coimbatore Junction]], [[Peelamedu]], [[Coimbatore International Airport]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
| style="background:#008000; text-align: center; | [[Line 2 (Coimbatore Metro)|Green Line]]
| style="text-align:center;"|Coimbatore Junction
| style="text-align:center;"|Valiyampalayam Pirivu
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Sathy Road]], Siruvani Road
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Gandhipuram Central Bus Terminus]], [[Ganapathy, Coimbatore|Ganapathy Pudur]], [[Saravanampatti]]
| style="text-align:center;"|44
|-
!Total
!colspan="5" |
!73<ref>{{cite news|title=Space availability a challenge for metro rail project planners|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/space-availability-a-challenge-for-metro-rail-project-planners/article30777877.ece}}</ref>
|}

===Phase I corridors===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="7" |Coimbatore Metro
|-
! Corridor No
! Line
! From
! To
! Total Distance (km)
! No.of Stations
! Status
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| style="background:#fc050d; text-align: center; | [[Line 1 (Coimbatore Metro)|Red Line]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Ukkadam Bus Terminus]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Neelambur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|20.4
| style="text-align:center;"|18
| style="text-align:center;"|DPR submitted
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2
| style="background:#008000; text-align: center; | [[Line 2 (Coimbatore Metro)|Green Line]]
| style="text-align:center;"|Coimbatore Junction
| style="text-align:center;"|Valiyampalayam Pirivu
| style="text-align:center;"|14.4
| style="text-align:center;"|14
| style="text-align:center;"|DPR submitted
|}

==Planning==
===Phase 1===
Phase 1 of the metro was planned to implement two corridors: from [[Coimbatore Integrated Bus Terminus]] to [[Neelambur]], and from District Collector Office to Valiyampalayam Pirivu. Covering 44 kilometers, it would cost ₹9,424 crore.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coimbatore Metro rail chugs closer to reality, DPR nearing completion|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2022/apr/04/coimbatore-metro-rail-chugs-closer-to-reality-dpr-nearing-completion-2437733.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Nadu government gives nod to feasibility for establishing Coimbatore Metro|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2022/apr/04/tamil-nadu-governmentgives-nod-to-feasibility-for-establishing-coimbatore-metro-2437611.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Nadu government approves feasibility study for MRTS in Coimbatore|url=https://www.metrorailnews.in/tamil-nadu-government-approves-feasibility-study-for-mrts-in-coimbatore/}}</ref> The DPR suggested a [[Metrolite]] model, but officials said that the decision to make it a Metrolite or to retain it as a metro rests with the state government.<ref>{{cite news|title=DPR getting ready for Metro project for Coimbatore|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/dpr-getting-ready-for-metro-project-for-coimbatore/article65284200.ece}}</ref> With 40 stations planned,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sekar |first=Sunitha |date=2022-04-05 |title=Coimbatore city to get its own Metrolite |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/coimbatore-city-to-get-its-own-metrolite/article65293197.ece |access-date=2022-04-07 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Phase 1 will cover transportation hubs in the city such as Coimbatore Integrated Bus Terminus, [[Coimbatore International Airport]], [[Gandhipuram Central Bus Terminus]], Coimbatore Junction, [[Ukkadam Bus Terminus]] and [[Podanur Junction]]. It will also connect commercial hubs such as [[Townhall, Coimbatore|Townhall]], [[Ukkadam]] and [[Gandhipuram]].

===Phases 2 and 3===
The remainder of Corridors 1 and 4 and all of Corridors 2 and 3 are planned to be completed in Phases 2 and 3.

==See also==
*[[Chennai Metro]]
*[[Kochi Metro]]
*[[Madurai Metro]]
*[[List of Coimbatore Metro stations]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Coimbatore}}

{{Coimbatore Topics|left}}
{{Rapid transit in Asia}}
{{Rapid transit in India}}
{{Railways in Southern India}}
{{Transport in Tamil Nadu}}

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Transport in Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Proposed rapid transit in India]]
[[Category:Proposed infrastructure in Tamil Nadu]]

1992 Indian vice presidential election

2025-10-22T07:18:42Z

Red apple learning:

{{Short description|Vice-presidential election in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1992 Indian vice presidential election
| country = India
| type = presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1987 Indian vice presidential election
| previous_year = 1987
| next_election = 1997 Indian vice presidential election
| next_year = 1997
| election_date = 19 August 1992
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=The official portrait of Shri Kocheril Raman Narayanan, 10th President of the Republic of India.png|bSize=130|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=15|oTop=05}}
| nominee1 = '''[[K. R. Narayanan]]'''
| party1 = Indian National Congress (Indira)
| home_state1 = [[Kerala]]
| electoral_vote1 = '''700'''
| percentage1 = '''99.86%'''
| image2 =
| nominee2 = [[Joginder Singh (politician)|Joginder Singh]]
| party2 = Independent politician
| home_state2 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| color2 = 32CF9D
| electoral_vote2 = 1
| percentage2 = 0.14%
| title = [[Vice President of India|Vice President]]
| before_election = ''Vacant, last held by'' [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
| before_party = Indian National Congress (Indira)
| after_election = [[K. R. Narayanan]]
| after_party = Indian National Congress (Indira)
}}
The '''1992 Indian vice presidential election''' was held on 19 August 1992 to elect the [[vice president of India]]. [[K. R. Narayanan]] defeated [[Joginder Singh (politician)|Joginder Singh]] to become [[List of Vice-Presidents of India|ninth]] vice president of India. Out of 701 valid votes, Narayanan received 700 votes, while Singh secured only one vote.<ref name=eci>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/President_VP_Elec2012/Vice%20Presidentail%20Election%20Background.pdf BACKGROUND MATERIAL REGARDING FOURTEENTH ELECTION TO THE OFFICE OF THE VICE-PRESIDENT, 2012, ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA]</ref> At the time of the election, VP office was vacant since the incumbent, [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]], had already inaugurated as [[President of India|President]] following his victory in the [[1992 Indian presidential election|presidential election]].

==Candidates==
<gallery perrow="2">
File:K. R. Narayanan.jpg|{{center|Academician and diplomat '''[[K. R. Narayanan]]'''}}
File:Emblem of India.svg|{{center|[[Perennial candidate]] '''[[Joginder Singh (politician)|Joginder Singh]]'''}}
</gallery>

==Result==
{{election table|title=Result of the Indian vice-presidential election, 1992|sortable=yes}}
|- align=center
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable"|
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center|Candidate 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Party 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Electoral Votes 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |% of Votes 
|-
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|align="left"|[[K. R. Narayanan]]||align="left"|[[Indian National Congress (Indira)|INC(I)]]||700||99.86
|-
|
|align="left"|[[Joginder Singh (politician)|Joginder Singh]]||align="left"|[[Independent politician|Independent]]||1||0.14
|-
| colspan="5" style="background:#e9e9e9;"|
|-
! colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"| Total
! style="text-align:right;"|701
! style="text-align:right;"|100.00
|-
| colspan="5" style="background:#e9e9e9;"|
|-
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|Valid Votes||701||98.59
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|Invalid Votes||10||1.41
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|Turnout||711||90.00
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|Abstentions||79||10.00
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|Electors||790|| style="background:#e9e9e9;"|
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[1992 Indian presidential election]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian vice presidential elections}}

[[Category:Vice-presidential elections in India]]
[[Category:1992 elections in India|India]]

Securities Laws (Amendment) Act, 2014

2025-10-08T08:35:07Z

Red apple learning: Enhanced and reorganized content

{{use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Securities Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2014
| imagesize = 150
| long_title = An Act further to amend the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992, the
Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 and the Depositories Act, 1996
| citation = [http://www.finmin.nic.in/law/The%20Securities%20Laws%20Amendment%20Act%202014.pdf Act No. 27 of 2014]
| territorial_extent = Whole of [[India]]
| enacted_by = [[Parliament of India]]
| date_assented = 22 August 2014
| date_commenced = 25 August 2014
| status = in force
}}
'''Securities Laws (Amendment) Act, 2014''' is a legislation in [[India]] which provided the [[securities]] market regulator [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]] (SEBI) with new powers to effectively pursue fraudulent investment schemes, especially [[Ponzi scheme]]s.<ref name=sebi-teeth>{{cite news|title=Ponzi menace: Lok Sabha clears bill, Sebi gets more teeth|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/ponzi-menace-lok-sabha-clears-bill-sebi-gets-more-teeth/article1-1249098.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807022848/http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/ponzi-menace-lok-sabha-clears-bill-sebi-gets-more-teeth/article1-1249098.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 August 2014|access-date=8 August 2014|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=7 August 2014}}</ref> The bill also provides guidelines for the formation of special fast trial courts.<ref name=empowerSEBI>{{cite news|title=Bill to empower Sebi introduced in LS|url=http://www.thestatesman.net/news/69653-bill-to-empower-sebi-introduced-in-ls.html|access-date=8 August 2014|work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]|agency=Press Trust of India|date=4 August 2014}}</ref>

==History==
After the [[Saradha Group financial scandal]], the Government of India formed an inter-ministerial group to find ways to close off loopholes the regulations which allowed such [[pyramid scheme]]s to operate.<ref name=saradha>{{cite news|title=Presidential ordinance grants Sebi more powers|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/rEoGCnR4vSgamkiasujmMP/Presidential-ordinance-grants-Sebi-more-powers.html|access-date=9 August 2014|work=[[Live Mint]]|date=18 July 2013}}</ref> The Securities Law (Amendment) Ordinance was promulgated on 17 July 2013, then for a second time in September 2013. It lapsed on 15 January 2014.<ref name=ordinance>{{cite news|title=Cabinet likely to consider proposal for Sebi ordinance today|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/cabinet-likely-to-consider-proposal-for-sebi-ordinance-today/|access-date=8 August 2014|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=28 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=third-time>{{cite news|title=Power to Sebi: Ordinance promulgated for third time|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/business/business-others/power-to-sebi-ordinance-promulgated-for-third-time/|access-date=8 August 2014|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=28 March 2014}}</ref> The bill couldn't be presented in the winter session of Parliament as the standing committee on finance had not finalized the report. It promulgated for a third time on 28 March 2014.<ref name=third-time/>

On 24 July 2014, [[National e-Governance Plan#Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs .28CCEA.29|Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs]] (CCEA) approved the bill.<ref name=cabinet-clears>{{cite news|title=Cabinet clears bill to empower Sebi to deal with ponzi schemes|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/business/business-others/cabinet-clears-bill-to-empower-sebi-to-deal-with-ponzi-schemes/|access-date=8 August 2014|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=24 July 2014}}</ref> The bill was introduced by [[Minister of State]] for Finance [[Nirmala Sitharaman]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] on 4 August 2014. She also introduced bills to amend Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 and [[Depositories Act]], 1996. The bills were introduced in the name of [[Finance Minister]] [[Arun Jaitley]], but he himself was unable to attend the house.<ref name=empowerSEBI/> The bill was passed by the Lok Sabha on 6 August 2014.<ref name=sebi-teeth/>

==Summary==
The ordinance passed in March 2014 had 30 clauses, whereas the bill contained 57 clauses. The bill amended three pre-existing market related laws. It retained the powers given to SEBI in the ordinance, but also introduced safeguards against misuse.<ref name=tweaks>{{cite news|title=New Sebi bill tweaks provisions for penalties, seizures|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-04/news/52428345_1_new-sebi-rs-10-lakh-greater-powers|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807075401/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-04/news/52428345_1_new-sebi-rs-10-lakh-greater-powers|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 August 2014|access-date=9 August 2014|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=4 Aug 2014}}</ref>

The new law gave SEBI the power to search and obtain information, including call records,<ref name=tweaks/> about any suspected entity from within or outside the firm. However, before conducting such searches SEBI must obtain a warrant from a [[Mumbai]] court.<ref name=tackle>{{cite news|title=Lok Sabha passes Bill to give teeth to Sebi to tackle ponzi menace|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-06/news/52514591_1_ponzi-menace-such-ponzi-schemes-fraudulent-investment-schemes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809150721/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-06/news/52514591_1_ponzi-menace-such-ponzi-schemes-fraudulent-investment-schemes|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 August 2014|access-date=8 August 2014|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=6 August 2014}}</ref> Any unregistered scheme with a capital of more than a {{currency|100|INR}} [[crore]] was deemed a [[collective investment scheme]], allowing SEBI to regulate it.<ref name=empowerSEBI/> Under pre-existing regulations, all collective investment schemes had to register with SEBI. However, many came to SEBI's attention only after complaints from defrauded investors.<ref name=sebi-teeth/>

Depending on the nature of the crime, minimum penalties may range from {{currency|1|INR}} [[lakh]] to {{currency|10|INR}} lakh. The minimum penalty for securities related crimes was set at {{currency|1|INR}} lakh. The minimum penalty for [[insider trading]] was at {{currency|10|INR}} lakh. The maximum penalty for [[insider trading]] was set at {{currency|25|INR}} crore or three times the profit, whichever was higher. SEBI was given the authority to initiate recovery and sale of assets. SEBI has also been given the power to enhance a penalty or settle an ongoing legal proceeding. Guidelines for special courts were also included in the bill.<ref name=tweaks/>

==See also==
* [[Saradha Group financial scandal]]
* [[Securities and Exchange Board of India (Alternative Investment Funds) Regulations, 2012]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Securities and Exchange Board of India]]
[[Category:Indian business law]]
[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 2014]]
[[Category:2014 in Indian economy]]
[[Category:Modi administration]]
[[Category:Securities (finance)]]

Securities Laws (Amendment) Act, 2014

2025-10-08T08:35:07Z

Red apple learning: Enhanced and reorganized content

Bimal Bora

2025-09-22T17:06:13Z

Red apple learning: formatting fix

{{Short description|Indian politician}}{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Minister for Sports & Youth Welfare, Cultural Affairs, Power, Tourism
| 1blankname = [[List of Chief Ministers of Assam|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Himanta Biswa Sarma]]
| termstart = 10 May 2021
| office2 = Member of [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]
| termstart2 = 19 May 2016
| predecessor2 = Atuwa Munda
| parents = Hari Bora
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| constituency2 = [[Tingkhong (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tingkhong]]
| image = Bimal Bora in 2025.jpg
| imagesize = 200
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
'''Bimal Borah''' is a [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] politician from the [[India]]n state of [[Assam]]. He was elected in the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] election in [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]] and [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]] from [[Tingkhong (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tingkhong constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stateselections.in/info/assam-election-candidate-list.html |title=Assam Candidate List for Assembly Elections 2016 |access-date=26 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126132002/http://www.stateselections.in/info/assam-election-candidate-list.html |archive-date=26 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.myneta.info/assam2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=186 My Neta]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/mdetails.asp?id=mar2516%2Fstate059 |title=Sonowal campaigns in Tingkhong |access-date=26 November 2016 |archive-date=26 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126132428/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/mdetails.asp?id=mar2516%2Fstate059 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
He took oath as a cabinet Minister of the [[Government of Assam]] on 10 May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/here-is-the-list-of-13-new-assam-cabinet-ministers-537830|title=Here is the List of 13 New Assam Cabinet Ministers|website=The Sentinel|access-date=16 May 2021|date=10 May 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bora, Bimal}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Assam]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:People from Dibrugarh district]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Assam]]

{{Assam-BJP-politician-stub}}

Nakodaji

2025-09-22T15:57:34Z

Red apple learning: new new page

{{short description|Śvetāmbara Jain temple in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox religious building
| religious_affiliation = [[Jainism]]
| sect = [[Śvetāmbara]]
| image = File:Kalpesh,Nakoda Tirath 2007.JPG
| alt = Shree Nakodaji
| caption = Shree Jain Shwetambar Nakoda Parshwanath Tirth
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| map_type =
| map_alt =
| map_size = 200
| map_caption = Location within Rajasthan
| coordinates = {{coord|25|47|17|N|72|09|09|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Mewa Nagar]], [[Balotra]], [[Rajasthan]]
| festivals = Posh Dashmi and Mahavir Janam Kalyanak
| deity = [[Parshvanatha]]
| governing_body = Shri Jain Shwetambar Nakoda Parshwanath Tirth Trust
| materials =
| temple_quantity = 17
| architecture_style =
| creator = [[Sthulabhadra]]
| established = [[3rd century]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.nakodatirth.org/}}
}}

'''Nakodaji Tirth''' is a major [[Śvetāmbara]] [[Jain]] {{lang|sa|[[Tirtha (Jainism)|tirth]]}} (pilgrimage site) of [[Tirthankara]] [[Parshwanatha]] in the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]], located between the villages of Vikrampura and [[Nakoda, Rajasthan|Nakoda]] in [[Barmer District]]. The temple houses the icon of Nakoda Bhairava, a prominent [[Śvetāmbara]] guardian deity.

==Main temple==
The temple is an important pilgrimage center visited by both Jains and [[Hindu]]s.{{sfn|Hiltebeitel|1989|p=158}}{{sfn|Babb|1996|p=80}}{{sfn|Reddy|2022|p=304}} Devotees visit the shrine, especially after marriage.{{sfn|Department of Devasthan}} The temple is currently administered by {{lang|sa|[[Tapa Gaccha]]}} (monastic order) of [[Murtipujaka]] [[Śvetāmbara]].{{sfn|Babb|2013|p=139}}

===History===
According to Jain legend, the Nakodaji temple was initially built by Jain acharya [[Sthulabhadra]] (3rd century BCE).{{sfn|Mehta|1970|p=131}} However, the current structure was constructed in 11th century CE by [[Chaulukya dynasty|Solanki Dynasty]] . The temple has 246 inscriptions indicating multiple renovations and additions over the centuries.{{sfn|Department of Devasthan}} The temple was invaded by [[Alam Shah]]. However, the central icon of [[Parshavanatha]], along with 120 idols, was safely hidden in a nearby village. In 1449 CE, the central image, along with an icon of [[Bhairava]], was later re-installed in the temple by Acharya Kirtisuri.{{sfn|RTDC}}{{sfn|Aukland|2010|p=109}} The renovation of the temple was commissioned by Kalija.{{sfn|Lodha|2013|p=613}} An image of Acharya Kirtisuri was installed opposite the Bhairava image by Hetha Shah.{{sfn|Lodha|2013|p=610}}

The first international seminar on the "[[Yoga|yogic]] tradition of India with special reference to Jain yoga" was held at the [[India International Centre]], and sponsored by Nakodaji Tirth and B. L. Institute of Indology.{{sfn|Chapple|2015|p=10}}

===Architecture===
[[File:Nakoda temple.jpg|thumb|[[Shikhara]] ]]

The temple is famous for its architecture.{{sfn|Weisgrau|Henderson|2016|p=178}} It is a large structure with a highly decorated [[façade]]. The principal shrine is a large domical structure, with 52 domical sub-shrines along its axis.{{sfn|IGNCA|pp=1-2}}{{sfn|Mehta|1970|p=131}} The temple is constructed using [[makrana marble]] and [[Jaisalmer]]'s [[sandstone]]. The elaborate {{lang|sa|[[shikhara]]}} of the temple is regarded as a rare example of architectural and sculptural elegance.{{sfn|Department of Devasthan}} The temple has two life-sized elephant sculptures with riders on either side of its entrance.{{sfn|IGNCA|p=1}} The temple also has {{lang|sa|[[bhonyra]]}} (underground chamber) housing 35 idols.{{sfn|Mehta|1970|p=131}}

A {{lang|sa|[[goshala]]}} (protective shelter for stray cows) is managed by the temple.{{sfn|Directorate Gopalan Rajasthan}} The temple also has a {{lang|sa|[[Dharamshala (type of building)|dharamshala]]}} equipped with modern facilities, including a {{lang|sa|[[bhojanalaya]]}} (community kitchen and dining room).{{sfn|Mehta|1970|p=131}}

===Deities===
The central icon, popularly known as '''Nakoda Parshvanath''', is a {{cvt|24|in}} black stone idol of Parshvanatha. According to Jain legend, the image was discovered in Nakoda village when a Jain layman had a dream about its presence. However, the icon was not found at the indicated place{{mdash}}the exact location was pointed out by Bhairava in the following dream.{{sfn|Carrithers|Humphrey|1991|p=207}} ''Nakoda Parshvanath'' is one of the 108 Parshvanatha icons{{sfn|Aukland|2010|p=54}}{{refn|group=note|In Shvetambara tradition, there are 108 prominent icons of Parshvanath; each derives its name from a geographical region.{{sfn|Cort|2001|p=234}} }} and is considered one of the most devotionally revered of Parshvanatha. The icons and the images of the deity are installed in the temple and [[Jain house temple|household shrines]]. According to Jain belief, worshipping replications of the idol is equivalent to worshipping the original icon.{{sfn|Cort|2010|pp=186}} A fair is organised here on the birth anniversary of Parshvanatha that draws numerous devotees.{{sfn|Department of Devasthan}}{{sfn|Mehta|1970|p=131}}

The temple is noted for the worship of the [[tutelary deity]] Nakoda Bhairava, who is popular among devotees.{{sfn|Cort|2010|p=187}} The Bhairava icon is red in colour, four-armed and has a moustache with a dog as the {{lang|sa|[[vahana]]}}. He carries in the lower hands a {{lang|sa|[[kapala]]}} and a {{lang|sa|[[damaru]]}} and {{lang|sa|[[Khanda (sword)|khadga]]}} and {{lang|sa|[[Trishula]]}} in his upper hands.{{sfn|Aukland|2010|pp=77-79}} Nakoda Bhairava is an important guardian deity in the Śvetāmbara sect.{{sfn|Wiley|2009|p=152}}{{sfn|Hegewald|2015|p=125}}{{sfn|Hiltebeitel|1989|p=158}} Nakoda Bhairava is believed to grant the wishes of devotees that make offering there; performing {{lang|sa|[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]}} (praying) brings prosperity.{{sfn|Weisgrau|Henderson|2016|p=178}}{{sfn|Babb|2013|p=139}}{{sfn|Panikar|2010|p=413}} Devotees consider the deity a business partner and offer a share of their profits to him.{{sfn|Babb|1996|p=80}} Nakoda Bhairava is also linked to [[tantra]] and is believed to free people from [[spirit possession]].{{sfn|White|2018|p=417}}{{sfn|Aukland|2013|p=125}} The food offering ({{lang|sa|[[prasada]]}}) is an uncommon practice in Jainism. However, at Nakodaji, {{lang|sa|prasada}} is offered to Nakoda Bhairava.{{refn|group=note|Prasada is only offered to deities such as Nakoda, and not Tirthankaras. This is because, unlike Tirthankaras, those deities are not liberated.{{sfn|Babb|1996|pp=95-96}} }}{{sfn|Kent|Kassam|2013|p=314}} The {{lang|sa|prasada}} is required to be consumed inside the temple and should not be taken outside.{{sfn|Babb|1996|p=95}}

There is another sub-shrine near the main shrine housing an idol of [[Kal Bhairava]], Nakoda Bhairava's brother.{{sfn|Aukland|2010|p=26}}

==Other temples==
[[File:Jain Temple.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|Samosaran temple]]

Besides the main temple, there are two more: Lachi Bai temple (Rishabhdev temple), and Shantinath temple as well as one {{lang|sa|[[dādābadī]]}} in the village.{{sfn|Mehta|1970|p=131}}

Lachi Bai temple was constructed in 1511 CE by ''Chhalibai'', sister of Acharya Jinchandra Suri. The temple is dedicated to [[Rishabhanatha]].{{sfn|Lodha|2013|p=613}}

Shantinath Jain temple, constructed in the 19th century, is a large structure with a highly decorated façade. The temple features three [[Nagara architecture|Nagara style]] {{lang|sa|shikhara}} adorned by {{lang|sa|[[amalaka]]}}. The temple facade wall has carvings of [[Lakshmi#Jainism|Laskhmi]] and [[Saraswati#In Jainism|Saraswati]] within separate niches.{{sfn|IGNCA|Shantinath temple}}

Dādābadī, built outside the main shrine, is a shrine dedicated to the four Dādā Gurus revered by the [[Kharatara Gaccha]]. The shrine also houses an idol of Kal Bhairava.{{sfn|Aukland|2010|p=26}}

Samosaran temple, built near the main temple, is a depiction of [[Samavasarana]] (divine preaching hall of the [[Tirthankara]]).{{sfn|Aukland|2010|p=45}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Nakoda Parshwanath Jain Tirth 19.jpg|Mural
File:Nakoda Parshwanath Jain Tirth 47.jpg|Ceiling
File:Nakoda Parshwanath Jain Tirth 13.jpg|Outer wall
File:Nakoda Parshwanath Jain Tirth 30.jpg|Shantinanth temple
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Kesariyaji]]
*[[Ranakpur Jain temple]]
*[[Dilwara temples]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==Citations==
{{reflist|23em}}

==Bibliography==

===Book===
{{refbegin|30em}}
*{{citation |last=Babb |first=Lawrence A. |title=Absent Lord: Ascetics and Kings in a Jain Ritual Culture |url={{Google books|C8HcBvE8XJ4C |plainurl=yes}} |year=1996 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=978-0-520-91708-8 }}
*{{cite book |last=Babb |first=Lawrence A. |title=Emerald City: The Birth and Evolution of an Indian Gemstone Industry |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |date=29 April 2013 |isbn=9781438445885 |url={{Google books|SJ2qjkVmcbQC |page=139 |keywords= |text= |plainurl=yes}} }}
*{{cite book |last1=Carrithers |first1=Michael |author-link1=Michael Carrithers |last2=Humphrey |first2=Caroline |author-link2=Caroline Humphrey |title=The Assembly of Listeners: Jains in Society |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |date=4 April 1991 |isbn=9780521365055 |url={{Google books|LW8czr_HzzwC |page=207 |keywords= |text= |plainurl=yes}} }}
*{{cite book |last=Chapple |first=Christopher Key |author-link=Christopher Chapple |title=Yoga in Jainism |publisher=[[Routledge]] |date=14 October 2015 |isbn=9781317572183 |url={{Google books|gqbbCgAAQBAJ |page=10 |keywords= |text= |plainurl=yes}} }}
*{{citation |last=Cort |first=John E. |author-link=John E. Cort |title=Jains in the World: Religious Values and Ideology in India |url={{Google books|PZk-4HOMzsoC |page=234 |keywords= |text= |plainurl=yes}} |year=2001 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-803037-9 }}
*{{citation |last=Cort |first=John E. |author-link=John E. Cort |title=Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History |url={{Google books|nII8DwAAQBAJ |page=187 |plainurl=yes}} |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-19-538502-1 }}
*{{citation |last=Hiltebeitel |first=Alf |author-link=Alf Hiltebeitel |title=Criminal Gods and Demon Devotees: Essays on the Guardians of Popular Hinduism |url={{Google books|d8k98lBxwM4C |page=158 |plainurl=yes}} |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-88706-982-6 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Kent |first1=Eliza F. |last2=Kassam |first2=Tazim R. |title=Lines in Water: Religious Boundaries in South Asia |publisher=[[Syracuse University Press]] |series=Book collections on Project MUSE |date=12 July 2013 |isbn=9780815652250 |url={{Google books|LW8czr_HzzwC |page=207 |keywords= |text= |plainurl=yes}} }}
*{{cite book |last=Lodha |first=Jain Chanchalmal |url={{Google books|3m-J50FHmGcC |page= |keywords= |text= |plainurl=yes}} |title=History of Oswals |publisher=Panchshil Publications |date=2013 |isbn=9788192373027 }}
*{{cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jodh Sinha |url={{Google books|Q6FpVLjVzU8C |page=131 |keywords= |text= |plainurl=yes}} |title=Abu to Udapiur |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |date=1970 |isbn=9788120829848 }}
*{{cite book |last=Panikar |first=Agustin |url={{Google books|oCPtDwAAQBAJ |page=413 |plainurl=yes}} |title=Jainism: History, Society, Philosophy and Practice |volume=24 |series=Lala Sunder Lal Jain research series |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |location=[[Delhi]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-208-3460-6 }}
*{{cite book |last=Reddy |first=Pedarapu Chenna |author-link=P. Chenna Reddy |title=Nagabharana: Recent Trends in Jainism Studies |url={{Google books|kfNgEAAAQBAJ |page=304 |keywords= |text= |plainurl=yes}} |year=2022 |publisher=Blue Rose Publishers |isbn=978-93-56114-46-3 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Weisgrau |first1=Maxine |last2=Henderson |first2=Carol |title=Raj rhapsodies: tourism, heritage and the seduction of history |series=New Directions in Tourism Analysis |url={{Google books|pAnPCwAAQBAJ |page=178 |plainurl=yes}} |publisher=[[Routledge]] |date=23 March 2016 |isbn=978-1-3170-7161-7 }}
*{{cite book |last=White |first=David Gordon |author-link=David Gordon White |title=Princeton University Press |volume=7 |series=Princeton Readings in Religions |url={{Google books|3YZeDwAAQBAJ |page=417 |keywords= |text= |plainurl=yes}} |year=2018 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-691-05779-8 }}
*{{cite book |last=Wiley |first=Kristi L. |title=The A to Z of Jainism |url={{Google books|cIhCCwAAQBAJ |page=152 |plainurl=yes}} |year=2009 |volume=38 |publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]] |isbn=978-0-8108-6337-8 }}
{{refend}}

===Web===
{{refbegin|30em}}
*{{cite journal |last=Aukland |first=Knut |title=Understanding Possession in Jainism: A Study of Oracular Possession in Nakoda |series=Modern Asian Studies |volume=47 |date=1 January 2013 |issue=1 |pages=109–134 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23359781 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X1200039X |journal =[[Cambridge University Press]] |jstor=23359781 |s2cid=145722331 |access-date=10 May 2022|url-access=subscription }}
*{{cite journal |last=Aukland |first=Knut |title=The Cult of Nākoḍā Bhairava |url=https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/23908/Masteroppgavexferdigx4.pdf?sequence=1 |journal=[[University of Oslo]] |access-date=10 May 2022 |year=2010}}
*{{cite journal |last=Hegewald |first=Julia A. B. |title=THE INTERNATIONAL JAINA STYLE? Māru-Gurjara Temples Under the Solaṅkīs, throughout India and in the Diaspora |journal=Ars Orientalis |volume=45 |year=2015 |pages=114–140 |doi=10.3998/ars.13441566.0045.005 |jstor=26350210 |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite web |author=RTDC |url=https://www.tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/barmer.html |title=Barmer |publisher=[[Rajasthan Tourism Development Corporation]]}}
*[[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts]]
**{{cite web |author=IGNCA |url=https://ignca.gov.in/asi_reports/rjbmr_043.pdf |title=Nakora Ji Ka Mandir |publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts}}
**{{cite web |author=IGNCA |url=https://ignca.gov.in/asi_reports/rjbmr_044.pdf |title=Shantinath Jain Mandir |publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts |ref={{sfnref|IGNCA|Shantinath temple}} }}
*[[Government of Rajasthan]]
**{{Cite web |publisher=Department of Devasthan, Government of Rajasthan |title=Mandir Jain Tirth Shri Nakoda Ji |url=https://devasthan.rajasthan.gov.in/images/Barmer/nakodaji.htm |ref={{SfnRef|Department of Devasthan}} }}
**{{cite web |author=Directorate Gopalan Rajasthan |url=https://gopalan.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/livestock/en/registered-gaushala.nodal_office.10102006.html |access-date=3 June 2022 |title=Gaushala Details in Nodal Office |publisher=Directorate Gopalan Rajasthan, Government of Rajasthan}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline|Nakodaji}}

{{Jain temples}}
{{Jainism Topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Jain temples in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:11th-century Jain temples]]
[[Category:Bhairava temples]]

Darbhanga, Prayagraj

2025-09-19T21:36:09Z

Red apple learning: Started New Details W/ Refs

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name= Darbhanga
| image=
| settlement_type = [[Neighbourhoods of Prayagraj|Neighbourhood of Prayagraj]]
| caption= Indira Bhavan in Civil Lines
| area =
| architect=
| architecture=
| added =
| governing_body = Prayagraj Municipal Corporation
| refnum=
}}

'''Darbhanga Colony''' (formerly known as '''Darbhanga Castle''' or '''Lowther Estate''') is a posh central neighborhood in [[Prayagraj]], [[India]]. It was formerly owned by the royal family of [[Darbhanga]]. It still houses the Lowther Castle in the colony. Darbhanga Colony played important a role in Independence movement of India as the Fourth and Eighth annual convention of Indian National Congress was held in here.

==Location==
With its central location in the city it as bordered by [[Georgetown, Prayagraj|Georgetown]]. Other locations in Prayagraj are at optimum distance from it such as the [[Civil Lines, Prayagraj|Civil Lines]], [[Colonelgunj]], [[Rambagh, Prayagraj|Rambagh]], etc.

==Culture==
Durga Puja celebrations organized by the Darbhanga Colony Puja Committee is one of the best organized events in Prayagraj attracting lakhs of devotees.

==Darbhanga Castle==

'''Darbhanga Castle''' (also known as '''Lowther Castle''') was the residential building of the then [[Maharaja of Darbhanga]], Maharaja [[Lakshmeshwar Singh]]. He purchased a large property known as Lowther Castle and allowed Indian National Congress to hold its convention there. This property was renamed as Darbhanga Castle. Again, in the year 1892, the annual convention of Indian National Congress was held in Darbhanga Castle.<ref>The Congress – First Twenty Years; Page 38 and 39</ref><ref>How India Wrought for Freedom: The story of the National Congress Told from the Official records (1915) by Anne Besant.</ref> The annual convention of Congress of 1892 was held on 28 December 1892 at the extensive grounds of Darbhanga Castle, now known as Darbhanga Colony.<ref>Indian Politics Since the Mutiny by Sir Chirravoori Yajneswara Chintamani</ref> It was later donated to Government of India after independence and Darbhanga House was constructed.{{fact|date=September 2018}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Prayagraj]]

{{Allahabad-geo-stub}}

Sing, Dance and Pray

2025-08-22T11:30:46Z

Red apple learning: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[Hindol Sengupta]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R to related topic}}
}}

Assi River

2025-08-17T00:54:18Z

Red apple learning: Added new place

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Assi River
| native_name ={{native name|hi|अस्सी, असी or असि}}
| name_other = Asi River
| name_etymology =
| nickname =

| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =

| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption=
| pushpin_map_alt =

| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = Flows through
| subdivision_name2 = [[Varanasi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =

| length = 8 Kilometer
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg =
| discharge1_max =

| source1 = [[Varanasi]]
| source1_location =
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|25|16|16|N|82|58|38|E|display=inline}}
| source1_elevation =
| mouth =
| mouth_location = [[Ganges]] (in Varanasi)
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|25|16|59|N|83|00|35|E|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation =
| progression =
| river_system = [[Ganges]]
| basin_size =
| basin_landmarks =
| basin_population =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| waterbodies =
| waterfalls =
| bridges =
| ports =
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}
The '''Assi''' ([[Hindi]]: अस्सी) or '''Asi''' (Hindi: असी Asī or असि Asi [ˈʌsi]) is a small river in the city of [[Varanasi]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is a minor [[tributary]] of the river Ganges.<ref name=Assi2012>{{cite news |title=Source of salvation languishing in neglect |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/source-of-salvation-languishing-in-neglect/articleshow/17672069.cms |newspaper=[[Times of India]] |date=19 December 2012 |archive-date=14 July 2024 |access-date=14 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714235510/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/Source-of-salvation-languishing-in-neglect/articleshow/17672069.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Assi River is mentioned in ancient scriptures such as the ''[[Padma Purana]]'', ''[[Matsya Purana]]'', ''[[Agni Purana]]'' and ''[[Kurma Purana]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pandey |first1=Mahendra |title=वाराणसी को अपना नाम देने वाली अस्सी नदी का अस्तित्व मिटा, सरकारी फाइल में बना दिया नाला |url=https://www.navjivanindia.com/opinion/existence-of-assi-river-on-which-varanasi-was-named-eradicated-government-files-made-it-just-a-drain |newspaper=[[Navjivan (newspaper)|Navjivan]] |date=23 June 2019 |archive-date=26 May 2022 |access-date=14 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526231131/https://www.navjivanindia.com/opinion/existence-of-assi-river-on-which-varanasi-was-named-eradicated-government-files-made-it-just-a-drain |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the ''[[Vamana Purana]]'', the river was created by the gods alongside the [[Varuna River]].<ref name=Assi2012/> The river is eight kilometers long.<ref name=story/> The Assi River is also referred to as Assi [[Nullah|Nala]] by many locals, including the Varanasi administration.<ref>{{cite news |title=खतरे में असि नदी का अस्तित्व |url=https://www.inextlive.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/assi-river-in-danger-1647371205 |publisher=[[Inext]] |date=11 October 2020 |language=Hindi}}</ref>

== History ==
The Assi River has its source in the southern suburbs of [[Varanasi]] near the campus of [[Banaras Hindu University]] and meanders about five kilometers northeast. Originally, it emptied into the Ganges at [[Assi Ghat]], the southernmost of the [[Ghats in Varanasi |Ghats of Varanasi]]. In 1981/1982, the course of the Assi was artificially changed, and the mouth was relocated around 500 meters to the south.<ref>{{cite news |title=Unplanned construction destroying riverfront majesty |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/Unplanned-construction-destroying-riverfront-majesty/articleshow/6020952.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=7 June 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105101829/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-06-07/varanasi/28282847_1_heritage-properties-heritage-monuments-heritage-protection |archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref>

The Assi River originates in [[Kandwa]] of Varanasi and flows through Chitaipur, Karaundi, Karmajitpur, Newada, Sarai Nandan, Naria, Saket Nagar Nagwa before joining the Ganges.<ref name=story/>

Although little more than a small trickle, the Assi River is of some importance because of its association with the Hindu holy city of Varanasi. According to traditional belief, the Assi River, along with the Ganges and the Varuna River to the north, marks the boundaries of Varanasi as a sacred space. The name Varanasi is therefore derived from the river names [[Varuna River|Varuna]] and Assi. However, it is more likely that the Varuna River alone, which was also known in older literature under the name Varanasi, gave the city its name.<ref>Diana L. Eck: ''Banāras. Stadt des Lichts'', aus dem Amerikanischen von Bettina Bäumer und Luitgart Soni, Frankfurt am Main: Insel Verlag, 1989, S. 43–52.</ref>

[[File:City older than the history.jpg|thumb|Assi River used to flowed into Ganges at [[Assi Ghat]], [[Varanasi]] and Assi Ghat gets its name from the river.]]

In 2017, a diversion was created by constructing a sewage-pumping system, resulting in a shift of the Assi River's confluence with the main river approximately one kilometer upstream.<ref name=Assi>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Mayank |title=As Varanasi's standing swells, the Assi river shrinks into a nala |url=http://thehindu.com/news/national/as-varanasis-standing-swells-the-assi-river-shrinks-into-a-nala/article66500294.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212231940/http://thehindu.com/news/national/as-varanasis-standing-swells-the-assi-river-shrinks-into-a-nala/article66500294.ece |archive-date=12 February 2023}}</ref>

== Mythology ==
The river is mentioned in the ''[[Puranas]]''. According to mythological beliefs, Mahadev Kund was built at the spot where the goddess [[Durga]] threw her sword after slaying the demons named [[Sumbha and Nisumbha]], and the Assi River originated from the water that emerged from it.<ref name=story>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Rajat |title=वाराणसी की वो एतिहासिक नदी जो गुम हो गयी, अस्सी नदी जिसे अब लोग कहते है अस्सी नाला |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/up/varanasi/uttar-pradesh-story-of-varanasi-famous-river-assi-rkt |publisher=[[Prabhat Khabar]] |date=14 August 2022 |language=Hindi |archive-date=26 August 2022 |access-date=14 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826150032/https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/up/varanasi/uttar-pradesh-story-of-varanasi-famous-river-assi-rkt |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Pollution ==
The Assi River is affected by pollution as it receives wastewater from over two dozen nalas (sewers) located in Varanasi. In 2012, local residents of Varanasi established the Assi Nadi Mukti Abhiyan, a social organisation dedicated to removing encroachments and restoring the Assi River to its original state.<ref name=Assi/>

The [[National Green Tribunal (India)|National Green Tribunal]] (NGT) established a committee to devise a restoration plan for the Assi River. The committee's mid-2021 report proposed conducting a survey to assess encroachments in the catchment area and mapping pollution sources to address the issue of sewage-related pollution.<ref>{{cite news |title=NGT forms committee for rejuvenation of Ganga tributaries in Varanasi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ngt-forms-committee-for-rejuvenation-of-ganga-tributaries-in-varanasi/article34850523.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=18 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Binay |title=Panel submits action plan to restore Varuna, Assi in Varanasi to NGT |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/panel-submits-action-plan-to-restore-varuna-assi-in-varanasi-to-ngt/articleshow/85501128.cms |newspaper=[[Times of India]] |date=21 August 2021 |archive-date=26 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626190432/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/panel-submits-action-plan-to-restore-varuna-assi-in-varanasi-to-ngt/articleshow/85501128.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2023, [[Denmark]] committed to providing ₹1,000 crores to the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] at UP's Global Investors Summit for the cleanup of the [[Ganges|Ganga River]] and its tributaries. However, the allocation of resources and timeline for the Assi River remained uncertain.<ref name=Assi/>
== See also ==
* [[Assi Ghat]]
* [[Varuna River]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Hydrography of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Varanasi]]
[[Category:Rivers of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Ganges]]

12th Maharashtra Assembly

2025-07-01T14:34:10Z

Red apple learning:

{{More citations needed|date=May 2022}}
{{Politics of India}}
{{Infobox legislative term
| name = 12th Maharashtra Assembly
| before = [[11th Maharashtra Assembly]]
| after = [[13th Maharashtra Assembly]]
| image = Vidhan Bhavan aerial view.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = '''[[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]] [[Mumbai]]'''
| body = '''[[Maharashtra Legislature]]'''
| election = '''[[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]]'''
| government =
*'''[[Second Ashok Chavan ministry]]'''
*'''[[Prithviraj Chavan ministry]]'''
| opposition =
| term_start = 8 November 2009
| term_end = 28 September 2014
| website = 
| chamber2 = [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|House of the People]]
| chamber2_image = 2009 Maharashtra Assembly Elections.svg
| chamber2_image_size = 350px
| chamber2_alt =
| membership2 = 288
| control2 = '''[[Democratic Front (India)|Maha Aghadi]]'''
| chamber2_leader1_type = [[List of speakers of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Speaker of the House]]
| chamber2_leader1 = '''[[Dilip Walse-Patil]]'''
| chamber2_leader2_type = [[List of deputy speakers of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Deputy Speaker of the House]]
| chamber2_leader2 = '''[[Madhukarrao Chavan]]'''
| chamber2_leader3_type = [[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| chamber2_leader3 =
*'''[[Ashok Chavan]]'''
*'''[[Prithviraj Chavan]]'''
| chamber2_leader4_type = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|Deputy Chief Minister]]
| chamber2_leader4 =
*'''[[Chhagan Bhujbal]]'''
*'''[[Ajit Pawar|Ajit Anantrao Pawar]]'''
| chamber2_leader5_type = [[List of Leaders of the House of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Leader of the House]]
| chamber2_leader5 =
*'''[[Ashok Chavan]]'''
*'''[[Prithviraj Chavan]]'''
| chamber2_leader6_type = [[List of Leader of the Opposition of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]]
| chamber2_leader6 = '''[[Eknath Khadse]]'''
| chamber1 = Sovereign
| chamber1_image =
| chamber1_image_size =
| chamber1_alt =
| membership1 =
| control1 =
| chamber1_leader1_type = [[Governor of Maharashtra|Governor]]
| chamber1_leader1 =
*'''[[S. C. Jamir]]'''
*'''[[K. Sankaranarayanan]]'''
*'''[[Om Prakash Kohli]] (additional charge)'''
*'''[[C. Vidyasagar Rao]]'''
}}
'''The Members of 12th Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra''' were elected during the [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]], with results announced on 22 October 2009.

The ruling [[Democratic Front (India)|INC-NCP(Democratic Front)]] won the elections gaining 82 and 62 Seats respectively and winning 175 seats in alliance with support of independents and smaller parties. The opposition [[Shiv Sena]]-[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] lost the election gaining 45 and 46 seats respectively and winning 91 seats in alliance. Incumbent CM [[Ashok Chavan]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashok Chavan takes oath as Maharashtra CM {{!}} News - Times of India VideosTweets by TimesLitFestDelTweets by timeslitfestkol ► |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/ashok-chavan-takes-oath-as-maharashtra-cm/videoshow/5207227.cms |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> was again sworn in as the [[Chief minister of Maharashtra]] with [[Ajit Pawar]] of NCP as his Deputy.

Due to scam allegations on [[Ashok Chavan]], The Congress replaced him with senior Congress leader [[Prithviraj Chavan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/srIE4rsFZKwgDpsy6ZDrdK/Prithviraj-Chavan-sworn-in-as-Maharashtra-CM-Ajit-Pawar-as.html|title=Prithviraj Chavan sworn in as Maharashtra CM, Ajit Pawar as Dy CM|date=11 November 2010|website=www.livemint.com}}</ref> as the [[Chief minister of Maharashtra]].

== Members ==
* '''[[Speaker of Maharashtra Assembly|Speaker]]:'''
[[Dilip Walse-Patil]], [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]

* '''[[List of Deputy Speakers of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Deputy Speaker]]:'''
*[[Madhukarrao Chavan]], [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
(10 December 2009- 18 November 2010)
*Vasant Chinduji Purke, [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
(4 December 2010 - 8 November 2014)
* '''[[Chief minister of Maharashtra|Chief minister]]:'''
*[[Ashok Chavan]], [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
(7 November 2009 - 9 November 2010)
*[[Prithviraj Chavan]], [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
(11 November 2010 - 26 September 2014)

* '''[[Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Deputy Chief Minister]]:'''
*[[Chhagan Bhujbal]], [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
(7 November 2009 - 9 November 2010)

[[Ajit Pawar]], [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]

(11 November 2010 - 26 September 2014)

* '''[[List of Leaders of the House of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Leaders of The House]]:'''
*[[Ashok Chavan]], [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
(7 November 2009 - 9 November 2010)
*[[Prithviraj Chavan]], [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
(11 November 2010 - 26 September 2014)

* '''[[List of Leader of the Opposition of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Leader of Opposition]]:'''
[[Eknath Khadse]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]

=== Party-wise seats ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" width="150" |Parties and Coalitions
!Seats
!Leader
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|'''[[Indian National Congress]]'''{{Composition bar|82|288|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|'''82'''
|'''[[Ashok Chavan]] (7 Nov 2009 – 9 November 2010) [[Prithviraj Chavan]]'''{{Clarify|date=March 2022}}
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]{{Composition bar|62|288|{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|62
|[[Ajit Pawar]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]{{Composition bar|46|288|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|46
|[[Eknath Khadse]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]{{Composition bar|45|288|{{party color|Shiv Sena}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|45
|[[Subhash Desai]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}" |
|[[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]{{Composition bar|13|288|{{party color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|13
|[[Pravin Darekar]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}" |
|[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]{{Composition bar|4|288|{{party color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|4
|[[Vivek Patil]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]{{Composition bar|4|288|{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|4
|[[Abu Azmi]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Jan Surajya Shakti}}" |
|Jan Surajya Shakti{{Composition bar|2|288|{{party color|Jan Surajya Shakti}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|2
|Vinay Kore
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Vikas Aghadi}}" |
|[[Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi]]{{Composition bar|2|288|{{party color|Bahujan Vikas Aghadi}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|2
|Babasaheb Patil
|-
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF3300" |
|[[Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh]]{{Composition bar|1|288|{{party color|Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|1
|Haridas Bhade
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]{{Composition bar|1|288|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|1
|[[Rajaram Ozare]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Rashtriya Samaj Paksha}}" |
|[[Rashtriya Samaj Paksha]]{{Composition bar|1|288|{{party color|Rashtriya Samaj Paksha}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|1
|Balasaheb Patil
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Swabhimani Paksha}}" |
|[[Swabhimani Paksha]]{{Composition bar|1|288|{{party color|Swabhimani Paksha}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|1
|[[Bharat Bhalke]]
|-
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BBBF" |
|Lok Sangram{{Composition bar|1|288|#00BBBF|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|1
|[[Anil Anna Gote]]
|-
| style="background-color:grey" |
|[[Independent politician|Independents]]{{Composition bar|24|288|{{party color|Independent}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
|24
|
|}

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Results
|-
! #
! Constituency Name
! Elected MLA
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
! colspan="5" |Nandurbar District
|-
|1
|[[Akkalkuwa Assembly constituency|Akkalkuwa]]
| [[Kagda Chandya Padvi|K. C. Padavi]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|2
| [[Shahada Assembly constituency|Shahada]]
| Padmakar Vijaysing Valvi
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|3
| [[Nandurbar Assembly constituency|Nandurbar]]
|[[Vijaykumar Krishnarao Gavit]]
|bgcolor=#00B2B2|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|4
|[[Navapur Assembly constituency|Navapur]]
|Sharad Gavit
| bgcolor=#FF0000|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Dhule District
|-
|5
| [[Sakri Assembly constituency|Sakri]]
|Yogendra Bhoye
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|6
| [[Dhule Rural Assembly constituency|Dhule Rural]]
|Shard Patil
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|7
| [[Dhule City Assembly constituency|Dhule City]]
| [[Anil Anna Gote]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BBBF" |
|Loksangram
|-
|8
| [[Sindkheda Assembly constituency|Sindkheda]]
| [[Jayakumar Jitendrasinh Rawal]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|9
| [[Shirpur Assembly constituency|Shirpur]]
| [[Kashiram Vechan Pawara]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Jalgaon District
|-
|10
| [[Chopda Assembly constituency|Chopda]]
|Jagdishchandra Valvi
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|11
| [[Raver Assembly constituency|Raver]]
|Shirish Chaudhari
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|12
| [[Bhusawal Assembly constituency|Bhusawal]]
| [[Sanjay Waman Sawakare]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|13
|[[Jalgaon City Assembly constituency|Jalgaon City]]
|[[Suresh Jain]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|14
| [[Jalgaon Rural Assembly constituency|Jalgaon Rural]]
|Gulabrao Baburao Deokar
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|15
| [[Amalner Assembly constituency|Amalner]]
|Krushibhushan Sahebrao Patil
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|16
| [[Erandol Assembly constituency|Erandol]]
|[[Chimanrao Patil]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|17
| [[Chalisgaon Assembly constituency|Chalisgaon]]
|[[Rajivdada Deshmukh|Rajiv Anil Deshmukh]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|18
|[[Pachora Assembly constituency|Pachora]]
|[[Dilip Wagh]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|19
| [[Jamner Assembly constituency|Jamner]]
| [[Girish Dattatray Mahajan|Girish Mahajan]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|20
|[[Muktainagar Assembly constituency|Muktainagar]]
|[[Eknath Khadse]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|21
| [[Malkapur Assembly constituency|Malkapur]]
| [[Chainsukh Madanlal Sancheti]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Buldhana District
|-
|22
| [[Buldhana Assembly constituency|Buldhana]]
|Vijayraj Shinde
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|23
| [[Chikhali Assembly constituency|Chikhli]]
| [[Rahul Siddhvinayak Bondre]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|24
| [[Sindkhed Raja Assembly constituency|Sindkhed Raja]]
|[[Rajendra Shingne]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|25
| [[Mehkar Assembly constituency|Mehkar]]
| [[Sanjay Bhashkar Raimulkar|Sanjay Raimulkar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|26
| [[Khamgaon Assembly constituency|Khamgaon]]
|Dilipkumar Sananda
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|27
| [[Jalgaon (Jamod) Assembly constituency|Jalgaon (Jamod)]]
|[[Sanjay Shriram Kute]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Akola District
|-
|28
| [[Akot Assembly constituency|Akot]]
|Sanjay Gawande
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|29
| [[Balapur Assembly constituency|Balapur]]
| [[Baliram Sirskar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|30
| [[Akola West Assembly constituency|Akola West]]
| [[Govardhan Mangilal Sharma]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|31
| [[Akola East Assembly constituency|Akola East]]
|Haridas Bhade
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF3300" |
|[[Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh]]
|-
|32
| [[Murtizapur Assembly constituency|Murtizapur]]
| [[Harish Marotiappa Pimple]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Washim District
|-
|33
| [[Risod Assembly constituency|Risod]]
|[[Subhash Zanak]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|34
| [[Washim Assembly constituency|Washim]]
| [[Lakhan Sahadeo Malik]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|35
| [[Karanja Assembly constituency|Karanja]]
|[[Prakash Dahake]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Amravati District
|-
|36
| [[Dhamangaon Railway Assembly constituency|Dhamamgaon Railway]]
| [[Virendra Jagtap]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|37
| [[Badnera Assembly constituency|Badnera]]
| [[Ravi Rana]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|38
| [[Amravati Assembly constituency|Amravati]]
|[[Raosaheb Shekhawat]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|39
| [[Teosa Assembly constituency|Teosa]]
| [[Yashomati Chandrakant Thakur]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|40
| [[Daryapur Assembly constituency|Daryapur]]
|[[Abhijit Adsul]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|41
| [[Melghat Assembly constituency|Melghat]]
|Kewalram Kale
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|42
| [[Achalpur Assembly constituency|Achalpur]]
|[[Omprakash Babarao Kadu]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|43
| [[Morshi Assembly constituency|Morshi]]
| [[Anil Sukhdevrao Bonde|Anil Bonde]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Wardha District
|-
|44
| [[Arvi Assembly constituency|Arvi]]
|Dadarao Keche
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|45
| [[Deoli, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Deoli]]
| [[Ranjit Prataprao Kamble]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|46
| [[Hinganghat Assembly constituency|Hinganghat]]
|Ashok Shinde
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|47
| [[Wardha Assembly constituency|Wardha]]
|Suresh Deshmukh
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Nagpur District
|-
|48
| [[Katol Assembly constituency|Katol]]
|[[Anil Deshmukh]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|49
| [[Savner Assembly constituency|Savner]]
| [[Sunil Chhatrapal Kedar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|50
| [[Hingna Assembly constituency|Hingna]]
|Vijaybabu Ghodmare
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|51
| [[Umred Assembly constituency|Umred]]
| [[Sudhir Laxmanrao Parwe]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|52
| [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West]]
| [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|53
| [[Nagpur South Assembly constituency|Nagpur South]]
|Dinanath Padole
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|54
| [[Nagpur East Assembly constituency|Nagpur East]]
| [[Krishna Pancham Khopde]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|55
| [[Nagpur Central Assembly constituency|Nagpur Central]]
| [[Vikas Shankarrao Kumbhare]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|56
| [[Nagpur West Assembly constituency|Nagpur West]]
| [[Sudhakar Shamrao Deshmukh]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|57
| [[Nagpur North Assembly constituency|Nagpur North]]
|[[Nitin Raut]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|58
| [[Kamthi Assembly constituency|Kamthi]]
| [[Chandrashekhar Bawankule]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|59
| [[Ramtek Assembly constituency|Ramtek]]
|[[Ashish Jaiswal]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Bhandara District
|-
|60
| [[Tumsar Assembly constituency|Tumsar]]
|Anil Bawankar
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|61
| [[Bhandara Assembly constituency|Bhandara]]
|[[Narendra Bhondekar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|62
| [[Sakoli Assembly constituency|Sakoli]]
|[[Nana Patole]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Gondiya District
|-
|63
| [[Arjuni Morgaon Assembly constituency|Arjuni Morgaon]]
| [[Rajkumar Badole]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|64
| [[Tirora Assembly constituency|Tirora]]
|[[Khushal Bopche]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|65
| [[Gondiya Assembly constituency|Gondiya]]
| [[Gopaldas Shankarlal Agrawal]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|66
| [[Amgaon Assembly constituency|Amgaon]]
|Ramrtanbapu Bhartrajbapu Raut
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Gadchiroli District
|-
|67
| [[Armori Assembly constituency|Armori]]
|Anandrao Gedam
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|68
| [[Gadchiroli Assembly constituency|Gadchiroli]]
|Namdeo Usendi
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|69
| [[Aheri Assembly constituency|Aheri]]
|Dipak Atram
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Chandrapur District
|-
|70
| [[Rajura Assembly constituency|Rajura]]
|[[Subhash Dhote]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|71
| [[Chandrapur, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Chandrapur]]
| [[Nanaji Sitaram Shamkule]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|72
| [[Ballarpur Assembly constituency|Ballarpur]]
| [[Sudhir Mungantiwar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|73
| [[Bramhapuri Assembly constituency|Brahmapuri]]
|Atul Devidas Deshkar
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|74
| [[Chimur Assembly constituency|Chimur]]
| [[Vijay Namdevrao Wadettiwar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|75
| [[Warora Assembly constituency|Warora]]
|Sanjay Deotale
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Yavatmal District
|-
|76
|[[Wani Assembly constituency|Wani]]
|Wamanrao Kasawar
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|77
| [[Ralegaon Assembly constituency|Ralegaon]]
|Vasant Chindhuji Purake
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|78
| [[Yavatmal Assembly constituency|Yavatmal]]
|Nilesh Deshmukh Parwekar
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|79
| [[Digras Assembly constituency|Digras]]
| [[Sanjay Rathod]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|80
| [[Arni Assembly constituency|Arni]]
|[[Shivajirao Moghe]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|81
| [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad]]
| [[Manohar Naik]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|82
| [[Umarkhed Assembly constituency|Umarkhed]]
|Vijayrao Yadavrao Khadse
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Nanded District
|-
|83
| [[Kinwat Assembly constituency|Kinwat]]
|[[Pradeep Hemsingh Jadhav|Pradeep Jadhav]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|84
| [[Hadgaon Assembly constituency|Hadgaon]]
|Madhavrao Patil
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|85
| [[Bhokar Assembly constituency|Bhokar]]
|[[Ashok Chavan]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|86
| [[Nanded North Assembly constituency|Nanded North]]
| [[D. P. Sawant]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|87
| [[Nanded South (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nanded South]]
|Omprakash Pokarna
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|88
| [[Loha Assembly constituency|Loha]]
|Shankar Dhondge
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|89
| [[Naigaon Assembly constituency|Naigaon]]
| [[Vasantrao Balwantrao Chavan]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|90
| [[Deglur Assembly constituency|Deglur]]
|[[Raosaheb Antapurkar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|91
| [[Mukhed Assembly constituency|Mukhed]]
|Hanmanthrao Patil
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Hingoli District
|-
|92
| [[Basmath Assembly constituency|Basmath]]
|Jayprakash Raosaheb Dandegaonkar
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|93
| [[Kalamnuri Assembly constituency|Kalamnuri]]
|[[Rajeev Satav]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|94
| [[Hingoli Assembly constituency|Hingoli]]
|Bhaurao Patil
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Parbhani District
|-
|95
| [[Jintur Assembly constituency|Jintur]]
|Ramprasad Wamanrao Kadam
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|96
| [[Parbhani Assembly constituency|Parbhani]]
|[[Sanjay Haribhau Jadhav|Sanjay Jadhav]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|97
| [[Gangakhed Assembly constituency|Gangakhed]]
|Sitaram Ghandat
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|98
| [[Pathri Assembly constituency|Pathri]]
|[[Mira Renge]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Jalna District
|-
|99
| [[Partur Assembly constituency|Partur]]
|Sureshkumar Jethaliya
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|100
| [[Ghansawangi Assembly constituency|Ghansawangi]]
| [[Rajesh Tope (politician)|Rajesh Tope]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|101
| [[Jalna Assembly constituency|Jalna]]
|Kailas Kisanrao Gorantyal
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|102
| [[Badnapur Assembly constituency|Badnapur]]
|Santosh Sambre
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|103
| [[Bhokardan Assembly constituency|Bhokardan]]
|Chandrakant Pundlikrao Danve
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Aurangabad District
|-
|104
| [[Sillod Assembly constituency|Sillod]]
| [[Abdul Sattar (Maharashtra politician)|Abdul Sattar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|105
| [[Kannad Assembly constituency|Kannad]]
| [[Harshvardhan Jadhav]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FBB917" |
| [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]
|-
|106
| [[Phulambri Assembly constituency|Phulambri]]
|[[Kalyan Vaijinathrao Kale]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|107
| [[Aurangabad Central Assembly constituency|Aurangabad Central]]
|[[Pradeep Jaiswal]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|108
| [[Aurangabad West Assembly constituency|Aurangabad West]]
| [[Sanjay Shirsat]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|109
| [[Aurangabad East Assembly constituency|Aurangabad East]]
|[[Rajendra Darda]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|110
| [[Paithan Assembly constituency|Paithan]]
|Sanjay Waghchaure
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|111
| [[Gangapur, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Gangapur]]
|[[Prashant Bamb]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|112
| [[Vaijapur Assembly constituency|Vaijapur]]
|[[Rangnath Wani|RM Wani]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Nashik District
|-
|113
| [[Nandgaon Assembly constituency|Nandgaon]]
| [[Pankaj Bhujbal]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|114
| [[Malegaon Central Assembly constituency|Malegaon Central]]
|[[Mohammed Ismail Abdul Khalique]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#CEF6EC" |
|Jan Surajya Shakti
|-
|115
| [[Malegaon Outer Assembly constituency|Malegaon Outer]]
| [[Dadaji Bhuse]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|116
| [[Baglan Assembly constituency|Baglan]]
|Umaji Borse
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|117
| [[Kalvan Assembly constituency|Kalwan]]
|Arjun Pawar
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|118
| [[Chandwad Assembly constituency|Chandvad]]
|Shirishkumar Kotwal
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|119
| [[Yewla Assembly constituency|Yewla]]
|[[Chhagan Bhujbal]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|120
| [[Sinnar Assembly constituency|Sinnar]]
|Manikrao Kokate
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|121
| [[Niphad Assembly constituency|Niphad]]
| [[Anil Kadam]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|122
| [[Dindori (Maharasthra Assembly constituency)|Dindori]]
|[[Dhanraj Mahale]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|123
| [[Nashik East Assembly constituency|Nashik East]]
|[[Uttamrao Dhikale]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FBB917" |
| [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]
|-
|124
| [[Nashik Central Assembly constituency|Nashik Central]]
|Vasantrao Gite
| style="color:inherit;background:#FBB917" |
| [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]
|-
|125
| [[Nashik West Assembly constituency|Nashik West]]
|Nitin Bhosale
| style="color:inherit;background:#FBB917" |
| [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]
|-
|126
| [[Devlali Assembly constituency|Devlali]]
|Baban Gholap
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|127
| [[Igatpuri Assembly constituency|Igatpuri]]
| [[Nirmala Gavit]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Palghar District
|-
|128
| [[Dahanu Assembly constituency|Dahanu]]
|[[Rajaram Ozare]]
| bgcolor="#FF000" |
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
|129
| [[Vikramgad Assembly constituency|Vikramgad]]
|[[Chintaman Vanaga]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|130
| [[Palghar Assembly constituency|Palghar]]
|[[Rajendra Gavit]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|131
| [[Boisar Assembly constituency|Boisar]]
| [[Vilas Tare]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#800080" |
|[[Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi]]
|-
|132
| [[Nalasopara Assembly constituency|Nalasopara]]
| [[Kshitij Thakur]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#800080" |
|[[Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi]]
|-
|133
| [[Vasai Assembly constituency|Vasai]]
|[[Vivek Raghunath Pandit]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Thane District
|-
|134
| [[Bhiwandi Rural Assembly constituency|Bhiwandi Rural]]
| [[Vishnu Savara]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|135
| [[Shahapur, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Shahapur]]
|[[Daulat Daroda]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|136
| [[Bhiwandi West Assembly constituency|Bhiwandi West]]
| Rashid Tahir Momin
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF0000" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|137
| [[Bhiwandi East Assembly constituency|Bhiwandi East]]
| [[Abu Azmi]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF0000" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|138
| [[Kalyan West Assembly constituency|Kalyan West]]
|Prakash Bhoir
| style="color:inherit;background:#FBB917" |
| [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]
|-
|139
| [[Murbad Assembly constituency|Murbad]]
| [[Kisan Kathore|Kisan Shankar Kathore]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|140
| [[Ambernath Assembly constituency|Ambernath]]
| [[Balaji Kinikar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|141
| [[Ulhasnagar Assembly constituency|Ulhasnagar]]
|[[Kumar Ailani]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|142
| [[Kalyan East Assembly constituency|Kalyan East]]
| [[Ganpat Gaikwad]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|143
| [[Dombivali Assembly constituency|Dombivali]]
| [[Ravindra Chavan]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|144
|[[Kalyan Rural Assembly constituency|Kalyan Rural]]
|Ramesh Ratan Patil
| style="color:inherit;background:#FBB917" |
|[[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]
|-
|145
| [[Mira Bhayandar Assembly constituency|Mira Bhayandar]]
|[[Gilbert Mendonca]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|146
| [[Ovala-Majiwada Assembly constituency|Ovala-Majiwada]]
| [[Pratap Sarnaik]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|147
| [[Kopri-Pachpakhadi Assembly constituency|Kopri-Pachpakhadi]]
| [[Eknath Shinde]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|148
| [[Thane Assembly constituency|Thane]]
|[[Rajan Vichare]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|149
| [[Mumbra-Kalwa Assembly constituency|Mumbra-Kalwa]]
| [[Jitendra Awhad]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|150
| [[Airoli Assembly constituency|Airoli]]
| [[Sandeep Naik]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|151
| [[Belapur Assembly constituency|Belapur]]
|[[Ganesh Naik]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Mumbai Suburban
|-
|152
| [[Borivali Assembly constituency|Borivali]]
|[[Gopal Shetty]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|153
| [[Dahisar Assembly constituency|Dahisar]]
|[[Vinod Ghosalkar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|154
| [[Magathane Assembly constituency|Magathane]]
|[[Pravin Darekar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FBB917" |
|[[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]
|-
|155
| [[Mulund Assembly constituency|Mulund]]
| [[Tara Singh (Mumbai politician)|Sardar Tara Singh]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|156
| [[Vikhroli Assembly constituency|Vikhroli]]
| Mangesh Sangle
| style="color:inherit;background:#FBB917" |
|[[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]
|-
|157
| [[Bhandup West Assembly constituency|Bhandup West]]
|[[Shishir Shinde]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FBB917" |
|[[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]
|-
|158
| [[Jogeshwari East Assembly constituency|Jogeshwari East]]
| [[Ravindra Waikar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|159
|[[Dindoshi Assembly constituency|Dindoshi]]
|Rajhans Singh
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|160
| [[Kandivali East Assembly constituency|Kandivali East]]
|Thakur Ramesh Singh
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|161
| [[Charkop Assembly constituency|Charkop]]
| [[Yogesh Sagar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|162
| [[Malad West Assembly constituency|Malad West]]
| [[Aslam Shaikh]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|163
| [[Goregaon Assembly constituency|Goregaon]]
|[[Subhash Desai]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|164
| [[Versova Constituency|Versova]]
|[[Baldev Khosa]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|165
| [[Andheri West Assembly constituency|Andheri West]]
|Ashok Jadhav
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|166
| [[Andheri East Assembly constituency|Andheri East]]
|Suresh Shetty
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|167
| [[Vile Parle Assembly constituency|Vile Parle]]
|Krishna Hegde
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|168
| [[Chandivali Assembly constituency|Chandivali]]
| [[Naseem Khan (politician)|Mohammed Arif (Naseem) Khan]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|169
| [[Ghatkopar West Assembly constituency|Ghatkopar West]]
| [[Ram Kadam]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FBB917" |
|[[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]
|-
|170
| [[Ghatkopar East Assembly constituency|Ghatkopar East]]
| [[Prakash Mehta]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|171
| [[Mankhurd Shivaji Nagar Assembly constituency|Mankhurd Shivaji Nagar]]
| [[Abu Azmi]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF0000" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|172
| [[Anushakti Nagar Assembly constituency|Anushakti Nagar]]
|[[Nawab Malik]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|173
| [[Chembur Assembly constituency|Chembur]]
|[[Chandrakant Handore]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|174
| [[Kurla Assembly constituency|Kurla]]
|[[Milind Anna Kamble]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|175
| [[Kalina Assembly constituency|Kalina]]
|[[Kripashankar Singh]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|176
| [[Vandre East Assembly constituency|Vandre East]]
| [[Bala Sawant]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|177
| [[Vandre West Assembly constituency|Vandre West]]
|[[Baba Siddique]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Mumbai City District
|-
|178
| [[Dharavi Assembly constituency|Dharavi]]
| [[Varsha Gaikwad]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|179
| [[Sion Koliwada Assembly constituency|Sion Koliwada]]
|Jagannath Shetty
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|180
| [[Wadala Assembly constituency|Wadala]]
| [[Kalidas Kolambkar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|181
| [[Mahim Assembly constituency|Mahim]]
|[[Nitin Sardesai]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FBB917" |
| [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]
|-
|182
| [[Worli Assembly constituency|Worli]]
|[[Sachin Ahir]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|183
| [[Shivadi Assembly constituency|Shivadi]]
|[[Bala Nandgaonkar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FBB917" |
| [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]
|-
|184
| [[Byculla Assembly constituency|Byculla]]
|Madhukar Chavan
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|185
| [[Malabar Hill Assembly constituency|Malabar Hill]]
| [[Mangal Lodha]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|186
| [[Mumbadevi Assembly constituency|Mumbadevi]]
| [[Amin Patel]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|187
| [[Colaba Assembly constituency|Colaba]]
|[[Annie Shekhar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Raigad District
|-
|188
| [[Panvel Assembly constituency|Panvel]]
| [[Prashant Thakur]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|189
| [[Karjat Assembly constituency|Karjat]]
| [[Suresh Narayan Lad]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|190
| [[Uran Assembly constituency|Uran]]
|[[Vivek Patil]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF4946" |
|[[Peasants And Workers Party of India]]
|-
|191
| [[Pen Assembly constituency|Pen]]
| Dhairyashil Patil
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF4946" |
|[[Peasants And Workers Party of India]]
|-
|192
| [[Alibag Assembly constituency|Alibag]]
|Meenakshi Patil
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF4946" |
|[[Peasants And Workers Party of India]]
|-
|193
| [[Shrivardhan Assembly constituency|Shrivardhan]]
|[[Sunil Tatkare]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|194
| [[Mahad Assembly constituency|Mahad]]
| [[Bharatshet Gogawale]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Pune District
|-
|195
| [[Junnar Assembly constituency|Junnar]]
|Vallabh Benke
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|196
| [[Ambegaon Assembly constituency|Ambegaon]]
| [[Dilip Walse-Patil]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|197
| [[Khed Alandi Assembly constituency|Khed Alandi]]
|Dilip Mohite
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|198
| [[Shirur Assembly constituency|Shirur]]
|Ashok Raosaheb Pawar
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|199
| [[Daund Assembly constituency|Daund]]
|Ramesh Thorat
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|200
| [[Indapur Assembly constituency|Indapur]]
|[[Harshvardhan Patil]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|201
| [[Baramati Assembly constituency|Baramati]]
| [[Ajit Pawar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|202
| [[Purandar Assembly constituency|Purandar]]
| [[Vijay Shivtare]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|203
| [[Bhor Assembly constituency|Bhor]]
| [[Sangram Anantrao Thopate]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|204
| [[Maval Assembly constituency|Maval]]
| [[Bala Bhegade|Sanjay (Bala) Vishwanath Bhegade]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|205
| [[Chinchwad Assembly constituency|Chinchwad]]
| [[Laxman Pandurang Jagtap]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|206
| [[Pimpri Assembly constituency|Pimpri]]
|[[Anna Bansode]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|207
| [[Bhosari Assembly constituency|Bhosari]]
|Vilas Lande
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|208
| [[Vadgaon Sheri Assembly constituency|Vadgaon Sheri]]
|[[Bapusaheb Pathare]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|209
| [[Shivajinagar, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Shivajinagar]]
|[[Vinayak Nimhan]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|210
| [[Kothrud Assembly constituency|Kothrud]]
|[[Chandrakant Mokate]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|211
| [[Khadakwasla Assembly constituency|Khadakwasla]]
|[[Ramesh Wanjale]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FBB917" |
| [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]]
|-
|212
| [[Parvati Assembly constituency|Parvati]]
| [[Madhuri Misal]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|213
| [[Hadapsar Assembly constituency|Hadapsar]]
|Mahadeo Babar
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|214
| [[Pune Cantonment Assembly constituency|Pune Cantonment]]
|Ramesh Bagwe
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|215
| [[Kasba Peth Assembly constituency|Kasba Peth]]
| [[Girish Bapat]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Ahmednagar District
|-
|216
| [[Akole Assembly constituency|Akole]]
| [[Vaibhav Madhukar Pichad]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|217
| [[Sangamner Assembly constituency|Sangamner]]
| [[Balasaheb Thorat]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|218
| [[Shirdi Assembly constituency|Shirdi]]
| [[Radhakrishna Vikhe Patil]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|219
| [[Kopargaon Assembly constituency|Kopargaon]]
|Ashok Kale
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|220
| [[Shrirampur Assembly constituency|Shrirampur]]
| [[Bhausaheb Malhari Kamble]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|221
| [[Nevasa Assembly constituency|Nevasa]]
|[[Shankarrao Gadakh]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|222
| [[Shevgaon Assembly constituency|Shevgaon]]
|Chandrashekhar Ghule
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|223
| [[Rahuri Assembly constituency|Rahuri]]
| Shivaji Bhanudas Kardile
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|224
| [[Parner Assembly constituency|Parner]]
| [[Vijayrao Bhaskarrao Auti]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|225
| [[Ahmednagar City Assembly constituency|Ahmednagar City]]
|[[Anil Rathod]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|226
| [[Shrigonda Assembly constituency|Shrigonda]]
|[[Babanrao Pachpute]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|227
| [[Karjat Jamkhed Assembly constituency|Karjat Jamkhed]]
| [[Ram Shinde]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Beed District
|-
|228
| [[Georai Assembly constituency|Georai]]
|[[Badamrao Pandit]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|229
| [[Majalgaon Assembly constituency|Majalgaon]]
|[[Prakashdada Solanke]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|230
| [[Beed Assembly constituency|Beed]]
| [[Jaydutt Kshirsagar|Jaidatta Kshirsagar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|231
| [[Ashti Assembly constituency|Ashti]]
|[[Suresh Dhas]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|232
| [[Kaij Assembly constituency|Kaij]]
|[[Vimal Mundada]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|233
| [[Parli Assembly constituency|Parli]]
| [[Pankaja Munde]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Latur District
|-
|234
| [[Latur Rural Assembly constituency|Latur Rural]]
|Vaijanath Shinde
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|235
| [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur City]]
| [[Amit Deshmukh]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|236
| [[Ahmedpur Assembly constituency|Ahmadpur]]
|Babasaheb Patil
| style="color:inherit;background:#FFFF00" |
| [[Rashtriya Samaj Paksha]]
|-
|237
| [[Udgir Assembly constituency|Udgir]]
| Sudhakar Bhalerao
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|238
| [[Nilanga Assembly constituency|Nilanga]]
|[[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|239
| [[Ausa Assembly constituency|Ausa]]
| [[Basavraj Madhavrao Patil|Basavraj Patil]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Osmanabad District
|-
|240
| [[Umarga Assembly constituency|Umarga]]
| [[Dnyanraj Chougule]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|241
| [[Tuljapur Assembly constituency|Tuljapur]]
| [[Madhukarrao Chavan]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|242
| [[Osmanabad Assembly constituency|Osmanabad]]
|[[Omprakash Rajenimbalkar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|243
| [[Paranda Assembly constituency|Paranda]]
| Rahul Mote
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Solapur District
|-
|244
| [[Karmala Assembly constituency|Karmala]]
|Digambar Bagal
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|245
| [[Madha Assembly constituency|Madha]]
| Babanrao Shinde
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|246
| [[Barshi Assembly constituency|Barshi]]
| [[Dilip Gangadhar Sopal|Dilip Sopal]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|247
| [[Mohol Assembly constituency|Mohol]]
|Laxman Dhobale
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|248
| [[Solapur City North Assembly constituency|Solapur City North]]
| [[Vijay Deshmukh]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|249
| [[Solapur City Central Assembly constituency|Solapur City Central]]
| [[Praniti Shinde]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|250
| [[Akkalkot Assembly constituency|Akkalkot]]
|Sidramappa Patil
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|251
| [[Solapur South Assembly constituency|Solapur South]]
|[[Dilip Mane]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|252
| [[Pandharpur Assembly constituency|Pandharpur]]
|[[Bharat Bhalke]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#D06767" |
|[[Swabhimani Paksha]]
|-
|253
| [[Sangola Assembly constituency|Sangola]]
| [[Ganpatrao Deshmukh]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF4946" |
|[[Peasants And Workers Party of India]]
|-
|254
| [[Malsiras Assembly constituency|Malsiras]]
| [[Hanumant Dolas]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Satara District
|-
|255
| [[Phaltan Assembly constituency|Phaltan]]
| Dipak Pralhad Chavan
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|256
| [[Wai Assembly constituency|Wai]]
| Makarand Jadhav Patil
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|257
| [[Koregaon Assembly constituency|Koregaon]]
| [[Shashikant Shinde]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|258
| [[Man Assembly constituency|Man]]
| Jaykumar Gore
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|259
| [[Karad North Assembly constituency|Karad North]]
| [[Shamrao Pandurang Patil]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|260
| [[Karad South Assembly constituency|Karad South]]
|Vilasrao Patil
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|261
| [[Patan, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Patan]]
|Satyajit Patankar
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|262
| [[Satara Assembly constituency|Satara]]
| [[Shivendra Raje Bhosale]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Ratnagiri District
|-
|263
| [[Dapoli Assembly constituency|Dapoli]]
|Suryakant Dalvi
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|264
| [[Guhagar Assembly constituency|Guhagar]]
| [[Bhaskar Jadhav]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|265
| [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun]]
|[[Sadanand Chavan]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|266
| [[Ratnagiri Assembly constituency|Ratnagiri]]
| [[Uday Samant]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|267
| [[Rajapur Assembly constituency|Rajapur]]
| [[Rajan Salvi]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Sindhudurg District
|-
|268
| [[Kankavli Assembly constituency|Kankavli]]
|Pramod Jathar
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|269
| [[Kudal Assembly constituency|Kudal]]
|[[Narayan Rane]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|270
| [[Sawantwadi Assembly constituency|Sawantwadi]]
| [[Deepak Vasant Kesarkar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Kolhapur District
|-
|271
| [[Chandgad Assembly constituency|Chandgad]]
|Babasaheb Kupekar
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|272
| [[Radhanagari Assembly constituency|Radhanagari]]
|[[Krishnarao Patil|K P Patil]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|273
| [[Kagal Assembly constituency|Kagal]]
| [[Hasan Mushrif]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|274
| [[Kolhapur South Assembly constituency|Kolhapur South]]
|[[Satej Patil]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|275
| [[Karvir Assembly constituency|Karvir]]
| [[Chandradip Narke]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|276
| [[Kolhapur North Assembly constituency|Kolhapur North]]
| [[Rajesh Vinayakrao Kshirsagar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|277
| [[Shahuwadi Assembly constituency|Shahuwadi]]
|Vinay Kore
| style="color:inherit;background:#CEF6EC" |
|Jan Surajya Shakti
|-
|278
| [[Hatkanangale Assembly constituency|Hatkanangale]]
| [[Sujit Minchekar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF6634" |
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|279
| [[Ichalkaranji Assembly constituency|Ichalkaranji]]
| [[Suresh Ganpati Halvankar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|280
| [[Shirol Assembly constituency|Shirol]]
|S.R. Patil
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Sangli District
|-
|281
| [[Miraj Assembly constituency|Miraj]]
| [[Suresh Khade]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|282
| [[Sangli Assembly constituency|Sangli]]
|Sambhaji Pawar
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|283
| [[Islampur, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Islampur]]
| [[Jayant Patil]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|284
| [[Shirala Assembly constituency|Shirala]]
|Mansing Naik
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|285
| [[Palus-Kadegaon Assembly constituency|Palus-Kadegaon]]
| [[Patangrao Kadam]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|286
| [[Khanapur, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Khanapur]]
|Sadashivrao Patil
| style="color:inherit;background:#00BFFF" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|287
| [[Tasgaon-Kavathe Mahankal Assembly constituency|Tasgaon-Kavathe Mahankal]]
| [[R. R. Patil]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#00B2B2" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|288
| [[Jat Assembly constituency|Jat]]
|Prakash Shendge
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF9933" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Maharashtra Legislature]]
[[Category:Terms of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]