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17th West Bengal Assembly

2026-05-07T16:33:55Z

RaymondLoewentha: started a entry v1...

{{Short description|Indian state assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox legislative term
| name = 17th West Bengal Assembly
| before = [[16th West Bengal Assembly|16th Assembly]]
| after = [[18th West Bengal Assembly|18th Assembly]]
| image =
| image_size = 300
| caption =
| body = [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| election = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]
| government = [[Third Banerjee ministry]]
| opposition = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| term_start = 8 May 2021
| term_end = 7 May 2026
| website = 
| membership1 = 294
| control1 = [[Trinamool Congress]]
| chamber1_leader1_type = [[List of speakers of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Speaker of the House]]
| chamber1_leader1 = [[Biman Banerjee]]
| chamber1_leader2_type = [[List of deputy speakers of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Deputy Speaker of the House]]
| chamber1_leader2 = [[Asish Banerjee|Ashish Banerjee]]
| chamber1_leader3_type = [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|Leader of the House]]
| chamber1_leader3 = [[Mamata Banerjee]]
| chamber1_leader4_type = Deputy Leader of the House
| chamber1_leader4 = [[Sovandeb Chattopadhyay]]
| chamber1_leader5_type = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]]
| chamber1_leader5 = [[Suvendu Adhikari]]
| chamber1_leader6_type = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly#Deputy|Deputy Leader of the Opposition]]
| chamber1_leader6 = [[Mihir Goswami]]
}}

The '''Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of West Bengal''' constituted after the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]s which were concluded on 29 April 2021 and the results announced on 2 May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=West Bengal Election 2021: Voting dates, election results, full poll schedule, timings, all FAQs |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy-politics/story/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-date-voting-time-poll-result-faqs-full-schedule-291693-2021-03-24 |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref> The tenure of West Bengal Legislative Assembly has ended on 7 May 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|title=West Bengal Governor dissolves legislative assembly effective from May 7|url=https://www.newsonair.gov.in/wb-governor-dissolves-assembly-political-parleys-on-to-form-governments-in-tamil-nadu-and-keralam/|website=Akashvani News|language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Office bearers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!S.No
!Position
!Portrait
!Name
!colspan="2" |Party
!Constituency
!Office Taken
!Reference
|-
!1
|'''[[List of speakers of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]'''
|
|[[Biman Banerjee]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|[[Baruipur Paschim Assembly constituency|Baruipur Paschim]]
|8 May 2021
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Despite multiple defections, no disqualification recorded in Bengal assembly in past decade |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/multiple-defections-no-disqualification-recorded-bengal-assembly-past-decade-7379382/ |publisher=The Indian Express |date=28 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
!2
|'''[[List of deputy speakers of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Deputy Speaker]]'''
|[[File:Dr._Asish_Banerjee.jpg|border|center|frameless|70px]]
|[[Asish Banerjee|Ashish Banerjee]]
|[[Rampurhat Assembly constituency|Rampurhat]]
|2 May 2021
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Asish Banerjee elected as Deputy Speaker of West Bengal Assembly |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/asish-banerjee-elected-as-deputy-speaker-of-west-bengal-assembly20210702164834/ |publisher=ANI News |date=2 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
!3
|'''Leader of the House''' '''([[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|Chief Minister]])'''
|[[File:Ms. Mamata Banerjee, in Kolkata on July 17, 2018 (cropped) (cropped).JPG|center|frameless|80px]]
|[[Mamata Banerjee]]
|[[Bhabanipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Bhabanipur]]
|5 May 2021
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Mamata Banerjee sworn in as West Bengal CM for third time |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mamata-banerjee-sworn-in-as-west-bengal-cm-for-third-time-101620893258204.html |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=5 May 2021}}</ref>
|-
!4
|'''[[List of leaders of the opposition in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]]'''
|[[File:Suvendu Adhikari at Esplanade Metro Rail Station, Kolkata, 6 March 2024.jpg|border|center|frameless|80px]]
|[[Suvendu Adhikari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|[[Nandigram Assembly constituency|Nandigram]]
|rowspan=2|10 May 2021
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Guv has no authority to summon officers to discuss pending Bills: Bengal minister |url=https://theprint.in/india/guv-has-no-authority-to-summon-officers-to-discuss-pending-bills-bengal-minister/2585969/ |publisher=The Print |date=April 2025}}</ref>
|-
!5
|'''[[List of leaders of the opposition in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly#Deputy leaders of the opposition|Deputy Leader of the Opposition]]'''
|
|[[Mihir Goswami]]
|[[Natabari Assembly constituency|Natabari]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title=West Bengal House suspends Suvendu Adhikari, 5 other BJP MLAs over Sandeshkhali unrest |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/west-bengal-house-suspends-suvendu-adhikari-5-other-bjp-mlas-over-sandeshkhali-unrest/articleshow/107620596.cms |publisher=The Times of India |date=21 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
<section begin="MLA Header"/>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!District
!No.
!Constituency
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Remarks<section end="MLA Header"/>
|-
| rowspan="11" | [[Cooch Behar district|Cooch Behar]]
|1
|[[Mekliganj Assembly constituency|Mekliganj]]
|[[Paresh Chandra Adhikary|Paresh Adhikary]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|
|-
|2
|[[Mathabhanga Assembly constituency|Mathabhanga]]
|[[Sushil Barman]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|
|-
|3
|[[Cooch Behar Uttar]]
|[[Sukumar Roy (politician)|Sukumar Roy]]
|
|-
|4
|[[Cooch Behar Dakshin]]
|[[Nikhil Ranjan Dey]]
|
|-
|5
|[[Sitalkuchi Assembly constituency|Sitalkuchi]]
|[[Baren Chandra Barman]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2|6
|rowspan=2|[[Sitai Assembly constituency|Sitai]]
|[[Jagadish Chandra Barma Basunia|Jagadish Basunia]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|Elected to Lok Sabha in June 2024
|-
| [[Sangita Roy]]
|Won in November 2024 bypoll
|-
| rowspan="2" |7
| rowspan="2" |[[Dinhata Assembly constituency|Dinhata]]
|[[Nisith Pramanik]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Resigned in May 2021<ref name="MPs resign">{{Cite web |title=Two West Bengal BJP MPs resign as MLAs after directive from party leadership |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/may/12/two-west-bengal-bjp-mps-resign-as-mlas-after-directivefrom-party-leadership-2301747.html |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
|[[Udayan Guha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|Won in October 2021 bypoll
|-
|8
|[[Natabari Assembly constituency|Natabari]]
|[[Mihir Goswami]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|'''Deputy Leader of Opposition'''
|-
|9
|[[Tufanganj Assembly constituency|Tufanganj]]
|[[Malati Rava Roy]]
|
<section end="Cooch Behar district"/>
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Alipurduar district|Alipurduar]]
|10
|[[Kumargram Assembly constituency|Kumargram]]
|[[Manoj Kumar Oraon]]
|
|-
|11
|[[Kalchini Assembly constituency|Kalchini]]
|[[Bishal Lama]]
|
|-
|12
|[[Alipurduars Assembly constituency|Alipurduars]]
|[[Suman Kanjilal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|Defected from BJP to AITC<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-05 |title=West Bengal: BJP's Alipurduar MLA Joins TMC Ahead Of Panchayat Election |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/west-bengal-bjp-alipurduar-mla-suman-kanjilal-joins-tmc-ahead-of-panchayat-election-1580282 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|13
|[[Falakata Assembly constituency|Falakata]]
|[[Dipak Barman]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|rowspan=2|14
|rowspan=2|[[Madarihat Assembly constituency|Madarihat]]
|[[Manoj Tigga]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Elected to Lok Sabha in June 2024
|-
|[[Jay Prakash Toppo]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
| Won in November 2024 bypoll
|-
| rowspan="8" | [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]]
| rowspan="2" |15
| rowspan="2" |[[Dhupguri Assembly constituency|Dhupguri]]
|[[Bishnu Pada Roy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Died on 25 July 2023<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-25 |title=Bengal BJP MLA Bishnu Pada Roy dies at 61 |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bengal-bjp-mla-bishnu-pada-roy-dies-at-61/article67119121.ece |access-date=2023-12-19 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|[[Nirmal Chandra Roy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|Won in 2023 bypoll
|-
|16
|[[Maynaguri Assembly constituency|Maynaguri]]
|[[Kaushik Roy (politician)|Kaushik Roy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|17
|[[Jalpaiguri Assembly constituency|Jalpaiguri]]
|[[Pradip Kumar Barma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|
|-
|18
|[[Rajganj Assembly constituency|Rajganj]]
|[[Khageswar Roy|Khageshwar Roy]]
|
|-
|19
|[[Dabgram-Phulbari Assembly constituency|Dabgram-Phulbari]]
|[[Sikha Chatterjee|Shikha Chatterjee]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|20
|[[Mal Assembly constituency|Mal]]
|[[Bulu Chik Baraik]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|
|-
|21
|[[Nagrakata Assembly constituency|Nagrakata]]
|[[Puna Bhengra]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
<section end="Jalpaiguri district"/>
|-
|[[Kalimpong district|Kalimpong]]
|22
|[[Kalimpong Assembly constituency|Kalimpong]]
|[[Ruden Sada Lepcha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Gorkha Prajatantrik Morcha}}
|Switched from GJM to BGPM<ref>{{Cite web |title=Confine Kalimpong from GTA, demands MLA |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/confine-kalimpong-from-gta-demands-mla/cid/1856702 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref> <section end="Kalimpong district"/>
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]]
|23
|[[Darjeeling Assembly constituency|Darjeeling]]
|[[Neeraj Zimba]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=1}}
|
|-
|24
|[[Kurseong Assembly constituency|Kurseong]]
|[[Bishnu Prasad Sharma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=1}}
|Defected from BJP to AITC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=B.P.Sharma joins TMC |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/didi-is-now-my-leader-kurseong-bjp-mla-b-p-sharma-joins-tmc-attacks-saffron-party-for-doing-nothing-for-gorkhas-10540939/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|25
|[[Matigara-Naxalbari]]
|[[Anandamoy Barman|Anandamay Barman]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|
|-
|26
|[[Siliguri Assembly constituency|Siliguri]]
|[[Sankar Ghosh (politician)|Shankar Ghosh]]
|
|-
|27
|[[Phansidewa Assembly constituency|Phansidewa]]
|[[Durga Murmu]]
|
<section end="Darjeeling district"/>
|-
| rowspan="10" | [[Uttar Dinajpur district|Uttar Dinajpur]]
|28
|[[Chopra Assembly constituency|Chopra]]
|[[Hamidul Rahman]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=6}}
|
|-
|29
|[[Islampur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Islampur]]
|[[Abdul Karim Chowdhury]]
|
|-
|30
|[[Goalpokhar Assembly constituency|Goalpokhar]]
|[[Md. Ghulam Rabbani]]
|
|-
|31
|[[Chakulia Assembly constituency|Chakulia]]
|[[Minhajul Arfin Azad]]
|
|-
|32
|[[Karandighi Assembly constituency|Karandighi]]
|[[Goutam Paul]]
|
|-
|33
|[[Hemtabad Assembly constituency|Hemtabad]]
|[[Satyajit Barman]]
|
|-
|34
|[[Kaliaganj Assembly constituency|Kaliaganj]]
|[[Soumen Roy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Defected from BJP to AITC; later returned<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pal |first=Satyen |date=2024-02-28 |title=ফের বিজেপিতে ফিরলেন কালিয়াগঞ্জের বিধায়ক, পার্থর হাত ধরে গিয়েছিলেন তৃণমূলে! |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/bengal/districts/kaliyaganj-mla-soumen-roy-returns-to-bjp-again-31709120441307.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228144615/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/bengal/districts/kaliyaganj-mla-soumen-roy-returns-to-bjp-again-31709120441307.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|35
|rowspan=2|[[Raiganj Assembly constituency|Raiganj]]
|rowspan=2|[[Krishna Kalyani]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Defected from BJP to AITC; later resigned<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-27 |title=News18 Evening Digest: BJP MLA Krishna Kalyani Joins TMC And Other Top Stories |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/news18-evening-digest-bjp-mla-krishna-kalyani-joins-tmc-and-other-top-stories-4371341.html |access-date=2021-10-27 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|Won in July 2024 bypoll
|-
|36
|[[Itahar Assembly constituency|Itahar]]
|[[Mosaraf Hussen]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|
<section end="Uttar Dinajpur district"/>
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Dakshin Dinajpur district|Dakshin Dinajpur]]
|37
|[[Kushmandi Assembly constituency|Kushmandi]]
|[[Rekha Roy]]
|
|-
|38
|[[Kumarganj Assembly constituency|Kumarganj]]
|[[Toraf Hossain Mandal]]
|
|-
|39
|[[Balurghat Assembly constituency|Balurghat]]
|[[Ashok Lahiri]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|
|-
|40
|[[Tapan Assembly constituency|Tapan]]
|[[Budhrai Tudu]]
|
|-
|41
|[[Gangarampur Assembly constituency|Gangarampur]]
|[[Satyendra Nath Ray]]
|
|-
|42
|[[Harirampur Assembly constituency|Harirampur]]
|[[Biplab Mitra]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|
<section end="Dakshin Dinajpur district"/>
|-
| rowspan="12" | [[Malda district|Malda]]
|43
|[[Habibpur Assembly constituency|Habibpur]]
|[[Joyel Murmu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|
|-
|44
|[[Gazole Assembly constituency|Gazole]]
|[[Chinmoy Deb Barman]]
|
|-
|45
|[[Chanchal Assembly constituency|Chanchal]]
|[[Nihar Ranjan Ghosh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=5}}
|
|-
|46
|[[Harishchandrapur Assembly constituency|Harishchandrapur]]
|[[Tajmul Hossain]]
|
|-
|47
|[[Malatipur Assembly constituency|Malatipur]]
|[[Abdur Rahim Boxi]]
|
|-
|48
|[[Ratua Assembly constituency|Ratua]]
|[[Samar Mukherjee (Malda politician)|Samar Mukherjee]]
|
|-
|49
|[[Manikchak Assembly constituency|Manikchak]]
|[[Sabitri Mitra]]
|
|-
|50
|[[Maldaha Assembly constituency|Maldaha]]
|[[Gopal Chandra Saha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|
|-
|51
|[[English Bazar Assembly constituency|English Bazar]]
|[[Sreerupa Mitra Chaudhury]]
|
|-
|52
|[[Mothabari Assembly constituency|Mothabari]]
|[[Sabina Yeasmin]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=13}}
|
|-
|53
|[[Sujapur Assembly constituency|Sujapur]]
|[[Abdul Ghani (Indian politician)|Muhammad Abdul Ghani]]
|
|-
|54
|[[Baisnabnagar Assembly constituency|Baisnabnagar]]
|[[Chandana Sarkar]]
|
<section end="Malda district"/>
|-
| rowspan="24" | [[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]]
|55
|[[Farakka Assembly constituency|Farakka]]
|[[Manirul Islam (Indian politician)|Manirul Islam]]
|
|-
|56
|[[Samserganj Assembly constituency|Samserganj]]
|[[Amirul Islam (politician)|Amirul Islam]]
|
|-
|57
|[[Suti Assembly constituency|Suti]]
|[[Emani Biswas]]
|
|-
|58
|[[Jangipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Jangipur]]
|[[Jakir Hossain (Indian politician)|Jakir Hossain]]
|
|-
|59
|[[Raghunathganj Assembly constituency|Raghunathganj]]
|[[Akhruzzaman]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |60
| rowspan="2" |[[Sagardighi Assembly constituency|Sagardighi]]
|[[Subrata Saha]]
|Died on 29 December 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengal minister Subrata Saha dies of cardiac arrest |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bengal-minister-subrata-saha-dies-of-cardiac-arrest-1176254.html |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bayron Biswas]]
|Won in 2023 bypoll as INC candidate, later defected to AITC<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-30 |title=3 months after bypoll win, lone Congress MLA in West Bengal Bayron Biswas joins TMC |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/3-months-after-bypoll-win-lone-congress-mla-in-west-bengal-joins-tmc/articleshow/100603113.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-19 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|61
|[[Lalgola Assembly constituency|Lalgola]]
|[[Ali Mohammad (West Bengal politician)|Ali Mohammad]]
|
|-
|62
|[[Bhagabangola Assembly constituency|Bhagabangola]]
|[[Reyat Hossain Sarkar]]
|Won in May 2024 bypoll
|-
|63
|[[Raninagar Assembly constituency|Raninagar]]
|[[Abdul Soumik Hossain]]
|
|-
|64
|[[Murshidabad Assembly constituency|Murshidabad]]
|[[Gouri Shankar Ghosh|Gouri Sankar Ghosh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|
|-
|65
|[[Nabagram Assembly constituency|Nabagram]]
|[[Kanai Chandra Mondal]]
|Defected from AITC to BJP
|-
|66
|[[Khargram Assembly constituency|Khargram]]
|[[Ashis Marjit|Ashish Marjit]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|
|-
|67
|[[Burwan Assembly constituency|Burwan]]
|[[Jiban Krishna Saha]]
|
|-
|68
|[[Kandi Assembly constituency|Kandi]]
|[[Apurba Sarkar]]
|
|-
|69
|[[Bharatpur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Bharatpur]]
|[[Humayun Kabir (Bharatpur politician)|Humayun Kabir]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Janata Unnayan Party|color=#8AB800}}
|Suspended from AITC, formed JUP
|-
|70
|[[Rejinagar Assembly constituency|Rejinagar]]
|[[Rabiul Alam Chowdhury]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|
|-
|71
|[[Beldanga Assembly constituency|Beldanga]]
|[[Hasanuzzaman Sk|Hasanuzzaman Sheikh]]
|
|-
|72
|[[Baharampur Assembly constituency|Baharampur]]
|[[Subrata Maitra (politician)|Subrata Maitra]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|73
|[[Hariharpara Assembly constituency|Hariharpara]]
|[[Niamot Sheikh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|
|-
|74
|[[Naoda Assembly constituency|Naoda]]
|[[Sahina Mumtaz Begum]]
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |75
|rowspan="2" |[[Domkal Assembly constituency|Domkal]]
|[[Jafikul Islam]]
|Died on 4 September 2025<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/trinamul-congress-mla-jafikul-islam-passes-away-at-private-hospital-1901657|title=Trinamool Congress MLA Jafikul Islam Passes Away at Private Hospital|work=Deccan Chronicle|accessdate=4 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
!colspan="3"|Vacant
|-
|76
|[[Jalangi Assembly constituency|Jalangi]]
|[[Abdur Razzak (Murshidabad politician)|Abdur Razzak]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent|rowspan=1}}
|Resigned from AITC amid candidate change
<section end="Murshidabad district"/>
|-
| rowspan="22" | [[Nadia district|Nadia]]
|77
|[[Karimpur Assembly constituency|Karimpur]]
|[[Bimalendu Sinha Roy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |78
|rowspan="2" |[[Tehatta Assembly constituency|Tehatta]]
|[[Tapas Kumar Saha]]
|Died on 15 May 2025<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/west-bengal/tmc-mla-tapas-saha-dies-of-brain-haemorrhage/article69578043.ece|title=Trinamool Tehatta MLA Tapas Kumar Saha passes away at 66|work=The Hindu|accessdate=15 May 2025}}</ref>
|-
!colspan="3"|Vacant
|-
|79
|[[Palashipara Assembly constituency|Palashipara]]
|[[Manik Bhattacharya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=6}}
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |80
|rowspan="2" |[[Kaliganj Assembly constituency|Kaliganj]]
|[[Nasiruddin Ahamed]]
|Died on 1 February 2025<ref>{{cite web|date=2025-02-02|title=Veteran TMC MLA Nasiruddin Ahmed dies of cardiac arrest in West Bengal|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/veteran-tmc-mla-nasiruddin-ahmed-dies-of-cardiac-arrest-in-west-bengal/articleshow/117852069.cms|access-date=2025-02-02|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Alifa Ahmed]]
|Elected in June 2025 bypoll
|-
|81
|[[Nakashipara Assembly constituency|Nakashipara]]
|[[Kallol Khan]]
|
|-
|82
|[[Chapra, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Chapra]]
|[[Rukbanur Rahman]]
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |83
|rowspan="2" |[[Krishnanagar Uttar Assembly constituency|Krishnanagar Uttar]]
|[[Mukul Roy]]
|Defected from BJP to AITC;<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2022 |title=Mukul Roy: I Am A Bjp Mla, Mukul Says In Affidavit To Hc |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/i-am-a-bjp-mla-mukul-says-in-affidavit-to-hc/articleshow/90384916.cms |access-date=2022-04-09 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Died on 23 February 2026<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/west-bengal/former-railway-minister-tmc-leader-mukul-roy-passes-away-at-71-3908193|title=Former Railway Minister, TMC leader Mukul Roy passes away at 71|work=Deccan Herald|accessdate=23 February 2026}}</ref>
|-
!colspan="3"|Vacant
|-
|84
|[[Nabadwip Assembly constituency|Nabadwip]]
|[[Pundarikakhsa Saha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|
|-
|85
|[[Krishnanagar Dakshin Assembly constituency|Krishnanagar Dakshin]]
|[[Ujjal Biswas]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |86
| rowspan="2" |[[Santipur Assembly constituency|Santipur]]
|[[Jagannath Sarkar (BJP politician)|Jagannath Sarkar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Resigned in May 2021<ref name="MPs resign" />
|-
|[[Braja Kishore Goswami]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|Won in October 2021 bypoll
|-
|87
|[[Ranaghat Uttar Paschim Assembly constituency|Ranaghat Uttar Paschim]]
|[[Parthasarathi Chatterjee]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|
|-
|88
|[[Krishnaganj Assembly constituency|Krishnaganj]]
|[[Ashis Kumar Biswas]]
|
|-
|89
|[[Ranaghat Uttar Purba Assembly constituency|Ranaghat Uttar Purba]]
|[[Ashim Biswas (politician)|Ashim Biswas]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2|90
|rowspan=2|[[Ranaghat Dakshin Assembly constituency|Ranaghat Dakshin]]
|rowspan=2|[[Mukut Mani Adhikari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Defected from BJP to AITC; later resigned
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|Won in July 2024 bypoll
|-
|91
|[[Chakdaha Assembly constituency|Chakdaha]]
|[[Bankim Chandra Ghosh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|
|-
|92
|[[Kalyani Assembly constituency|Kalyani]]
|[[Ambika Roy]]
|
|-
|93
|[[Haringhata Assembly constituency|Haringhata]]
|[[Ashim Kumar Sarkar]]
|
<section end="Nadia district"/>
|-
| rowspan="38" | [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]]
|rowspan=2|94
|rowspan=2|[[Bagdah Assembly constituency|Bagdah]]
|[[Biswajit Das (politician)|Biswajit Das]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Defected from BJP to AITC; later resigned<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-31 |title=Bengal BJP MLA Biswajit Das rejoins TMC, third leader to return after Mamata Banerjee's win |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/bengal-bjp-mla-biswajit-das-joins-tmc-kolkata-7480197/ |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Madhuparna Thakur]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|Won in July 2024 bypoll
|-
|95
|[[Bangaon Uttar Assembly constituency|Bangaon Uttar]]
|[[Ashok Kirtania]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|
|-
|96
|[[Bangaon Dakshin Assembly constituency|Bangaon Dakshin]]
|[[Swapan Majumder]]
|
|-
|97
|[[Gaighata Assembly constituency|Gaighata]]
|[[Subrata Thakur]]
|
|-
|98
|[[Swarupnagar Assembly constituency|Swarupnagar]]
|[[Bina Mondal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|
|-
|99
|[[Baduria Assembly constituency|Baduria]]
|[[Abdur Rahim Quazi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Defected from [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]] to [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=News |first=P. T. I. |title=Press Trust Of India |url=https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/day-after-quitting-tmc-west-bengal-mla-joins-congress/3512957 |access-date=2026-03-30 |website=www.ptinews.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|100
|[[Habra Assembly constituency|Habra]]
|[[Jyotipriya Mallick]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=6}}
|
|-
|101
|[[Ashoknagar Assembly constituency|Ashokenagar]]
|[[Narayan Goswami]]
|
|-
|102
|[[Amdanga Assembly constituency|Amdanga]]
|[[Rafiqur Rahaman]]
|
|-
|103
|[[Bijpur Assembly constituency|Bijpur]]
|[[Subodh Adhikary]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2|104
|rowspan=2|[[Naihati Assembly constituency|Naihati]]
|[[Partha Bhowmick]]
|Elected to Lok Sabha in June 2024
|-
|[[Sanat Dey]]
|Won in November 2024 bypoll
|-
|105
|[[Bhatpara Assembly constituency|Bhatpara]]
|[[Pawan Singh (politician)|Pawan Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|106
|[[Jagatdal Assembly constituency|Jagatdal]]
|[[Somenath Shyam Ichini]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=46}}
|
|-
|107
|[[Noapara Assembly constituency|Noapara]]
|[[Manju Basu]]
|
|-
|108
|[[Barrackpore Assembly constituency|Barrackpore]]
|[[Raj Chakraborty]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |109
| rowspan="2" |[[Khardaha Assembly constituency|Khardaha]]
|[[Kajal Sinha]]
|Died on 25 April 2021<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaiswal |first=Priya |date=2021-04-25 |title=TMC candidate Kajal Sinha passes away due to COVID-19 at Kolkata hospital |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/tmc-candidate-kajal-sinha-passes-away-covid-19-at-kolkata-hospital-700320 |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sovandeb Chattopadhyay]]
|[[Third Banerjee ministry#Chief Minister & Cabinet Ministers|Cabinet Minister]]; won in October 2021 bypoll
|-
|110
|[[Dum Dum Uttar Assembly constituency|Dum Dum Uttar]]
|[[Chandrima Bhattacharya]]
|
|-
|111
|[[Panihati Assembly constituency|Panihati]]
|[[Nirmal Ghosh]]
|
|-
|112
|[[Kamarhati Assembly constituency|Kamarhati]]
|[[Madan Mitra]]
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |113
|rowspan="2" |[[Baranagar Assembly constituency|Baranagar]]
|[[Tapas Roy]]
|Resigned on 4 March 2024
|-
|[[Sayantika Banerjee]]
|Won in June 2024 bypoll
|-
|114
|[[Dum Dum Assembly constituency|Dum Dum]]
|[[Bratya Basu]]
|[[Third Banerjee ministry#Chief Minister & Cabinet Ministers|Cabinet Minister]]
|-
|115
|[[Rajarhat New Town Assembly constituency|Rajarhat New Town]]
|[[Tapash Chatterjee]]
|
|-
|116
|[[Bidhannagar Assembly constituency|Bidhannagar]]
|[[Sujit Bose (politician)|Sujit Bose]]
|
|-
|117
|[[Rajarhat Gopalpur Assembly constituency|Rajarhat Gopalpur]]
|[[Aditi Munshi]]
|
|-
|118
|[[Madhyamgram Assembly constituency|Madhyamgram]]
|[[Rathin Ghosh]]
|[[Third Banerjee ministry#Chief Minister & Cabinet Ministers|Cabinet Minister]]
|-
|119
|[[Barasat Assembly constituency|Barasat]]
|[[Chiranjeet Chakraborty]]
|
|-
|120
|[[Deganga Assembly constituency|Deganga]]
|[[Rahima Mondal]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2|121
|rowspan=2|[[Haroa Assembly constituency|Haroa]]
|[[Haji Nurul Islam]]
|Elected to Lok Sabha in June 2024
|-
|[[Sheikh Rabiul Islam]]
|Won in November 2024 bypoll
|-
|122
|[[Minakhan Assembly constituency|Minakhan]]
|[[Usha Rani Mondal]]
|
|-
|123
|[[Sandeshkhali Assembly constituency|Sandeshkhali]]
|[[Sukumar Mahata]]
|
|-
|124
|[[Basirhat Dakshin Assembly constituency|Basirhat Dakshin]]
|[[Saptarshi Banerjee]]
|
|-
|125
|[[Basirhat Uttar Assembly constituency|Basirhat Uttar]]
|[[Rafikul Islam Mondal]]
|
|-
|126
|[[Hingalganj Assembly constituency|Hingalganj]]
|[[Debes Mondal|Debesh Mondal]]
|
<section end="North 24 Parganas district"/>
|-
| rowspan="32" |[[South 24 Parganas district|South 24 Parganas]]
| rowspan="2" |127
| rowspan="2" |[[Gosaba Assembly constituency|Gosaba]]
|[[Jayanta Naskar]]
|Died on 19 June 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-20 |title=Trinamool's Jayanta Naskar, MLA from Gosaba, dies after testing Covid negative |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/trinamools-jayanta-naskar-mla-from-gosaba-dies-after-testing-negative-for-covid19-101624154681698.html |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Subrata Mondal
|Won in October 2021 bypoll
|-
|128
|[[Basanti Assembly constituency|Basanti]]
|[[Shyamal Mondal]]
|
|-
|129
|[[Kultali Assembly constituency|Kultali]]
|[[Ganesh Chandra Mondal]]
|
|-
|130
|[[Patharpratima Assembly constituency|Patharpratima]]
|[[Samir Kumar Jana]]
|
|-
|131
|[[Kakdwip Assembly constituency|Kakdwip]]
|[[Manturam Pakhira]]
|
|-
|132
|[[Sagar, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Sagar]]
|[[Bankim Chandra Hazra]]
|
|-
|133
|[[Kulpi Assembly constituency|Kulpi]]
|[[Jogaranjan Halder]]
|
|-
|134
|[[Raidighi Assembly constituency|Raidighi]]
|[[Aloke Jaldata]]
|
|-
|135
|[[Mandirbazar Assembly constituency|Mandirbazar]]
|[[Joydeb Halder]]
|
|-
|136
|[[Jaynagar Assembly constituency|Jaynagar]]
|[[Biswanath Das]]
|
|-
|137
|[[Baruipur Purba Assembly constituency|Baruipur Purba]]
|[[Bivas Sardar]]
|
|-
|138
|[[Canning Paschim Assembly constituency|Canning Paschim]]
|[[Paresh Ram Das]]
|
|-
|139
|[[Canning Purba Assembly constituency|Canning Purba]]
|[[Saokat Molla]]
|
|-
|140
|[[Baruipur Paschim Assembly constituency|Baruipur Paschim]]
|[[Biman Banerjee]]
|'''Speaker'''
|-
|141
|[[Magrahat Purba Assembly constituency|Magrahat Purba]]
|[[Namita Saha]]
|
|-
|142
|[[Magrahat Paschim Assembly constituency|Magrahat Paschim]]
|[[Giasuddin Molla]]
|
|-
|143
|[[Diamond Harbour Assembly constituency|Diamond Harbour]]
|[[Pannalal Halder]]
|
|-
|144
|[[Falta Assembly constituency|Falta]]
|[[Sankar Kumar Naskar]]
|
|-
|145
|[[Satgachhia Assembly constituency|Satgachia]]
|[[Mohan Chandra Naskar]]
|
|-
|146
|[[Bishnupur, South 24 Parganas Assembly constituency|Bishnupur]]
|[[Dilip Mondal]]
|
|-
|147
|[[Sonarpur Dakshin Assembly constituency|Sonarpur Dakshin]]
|[[Arundhuti Maitra]]
|
|-
|148
|[[Bhangar Assembly constituency|Bhangar]]
|[[Nawsad Siddique]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian Secular Front}}
|
|-
|149
|[[Kasba, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Kasba]]
|[[Javed Ahmed Khan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=5}}
|
|-
|150
|[[Jadavpur Assembly constituency|Jadavpur]]
|[[Debabrata Majumdar]]
|
|-
|151
|[[Sonarpur Uttar Assembly constituency|Sonarpur Uttar]]
|[[Firdousi Begum]]
|
|-
|152
|[[Tollyganj Assembly constituency|Tollygunge]]
|[[Aroop Biswas]]
|[[Third Banerjee ministry#Chief Minister & Cabinet Ministers|Cabinet Minister]]
|-
|153
|[[Behala Purba Assembly constituency|Behala Purba]]
|[[Ratna Chatterjee]]
|
|-
|154
|[[Behala Paschim Assembly constituency|Behala Paschim]]
|[[Partha Chatterjee (politician)|Partha Chatterjee]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent}}
|Suspended from AITC
|-
|155
|[[Maheshtala Assembly constituency|Maheshtala]]
|[[Dulal Chandra Das]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=47}}
|
|-
|156
|[[Budge Budge Assembly constituency|Budge Budge]]
|[[Ashok Kumar Deb]]
|
|-
|157
|[[Metiaburuz Assembly constituency|Metiaburuz]]
|[[Abdul Khaleque Molla]]
|
<section end="South 24 Parganas district"/>
|-
| rowspan="14" | [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]]
|158
|[[Kolkata Port Assembly constituency|Kolkata Port]]
|[[Firhad Hakim]]
|[[Third Banerjee ministry#Chief Minister & Cabinet Ministers|Cabinet Minister]] & Mayor of Kolkata
|-
| rowspan="2" |159
| rowspan="2" |[[Bhabanipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Bhabanipur]]
|[[Sovandeb Chattopadhyay]]
|Resigned on 21 May 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-21 |title=Bengal minister quits assembly to help CM Mamata contest old seat |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bengal-minister-quits-assembly-to-help-cm-mamata-contest-old-seat-101621603849670.html |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mamata Banerjee]]
|[[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|'''Chief Minister''']]; won in September 2021 bypoll
|-
|160
|[[Rashbehari Assembly constituency|Rashbehari]]
|[[Debasish Kumar]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |161
| rowspan="2" |[[Ballygunge Assembly constituency|Ballygunge]]
|[[Subrata Mukherjee]]
|Died in 2021<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2021-11-04 |title=Bengal Minister Subrata Mukherjee dies at 75 |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bengal-minister-subrata-mukherjee-dies-at-75/article37335811.ece |access-date=2022-01-14 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|[[Babul Supriyo]]
|Won in April 2022 bypoll
|-
|162
|[[Chowrangee Assembly constituency|Chowrangee]]
|[[Nayna Bandyopadhyay]]
|
|-
|163
|[[Entally Assembly constituency|Entally]]
|[[Swarna Kamal Saha]]
|
|-
|164
|[[Beleghata Assembly constituency|Beleghata]]
|[[Paresh Paul]]
|
|-
|165
|[[Jorasanko Assembly constituency|Jorasanko]]
|[[Vivek Gupta (politician)|Vivek Gupta]]
|
|-
|166
|[[Shyampukur Assembly constituency|Shyampukur]]
|[[Shashi Panja]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |167
| rowspan="2" |[[Maniktala Assembly constituency|Maniktala]]
|[[Sadhan Pande]]
|Died on 20 February 2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-20 |title=West Bengal Cabinet Minister Sadhan Pande passes away at 71 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/west-bengal-cabinet-minister-sadhan-pande-dead-7782167/ |access-date=2022-02-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Supti Pandey]]
|Won in July 2024 bypoll
|-
|168
|[[Kashipur-Belgachhia]]
|[[Atin Ghosh]]
|
<section end="Kolkata district"/>
|-
| rowspan="16" | [[Howrah district|Howrah]]
|169
|[[Bally Assembly constituency|Bally]]
|[[Rana Chatterjee]]
|
|-
|170
|[[Howrah Uttar]]
|[[Gautam Chowdhuri]]
|
|-
|171
|[[Howrah Madhya]]
|[[Arup Roy]]
|[[Third Banerjee ministry#Chief Minister & Cabinet Ministers|Cabinet Minister]]
|-
|172
|[[Shibpur Assembly constituency|Shibpur]]
|[[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]]
|[[Third Banerjee ministry#Chief Minister & Cabinet Ministers|Cabinet Minister]]
|-
|173
|[[Howrah Dakshin]]
|[[Nandita Chowdhury]]
|
|-
|174
|[[Sankrail Assembly constituency|Sankrail]]
|[[Priya Paul]]
|
|-
|175
|[[Panchla Assembly constituency|Panchla]]
|[[Gulsan Mullick|Gulshan Mullick]]
|
|-
|176
|[[Uluberia Purba]]
|[[Bidesh Ranjan Bose]]
|
|-
|177
|[[Uluberia Uttar]]
|[[Nirmal Maji]]
|
|-
|178
|[[Uluberia Dakshin]]
|[[Pulak Roy]]
|
|-
|179
|[[Shyampur Assembly constituency|Shyampur]]
|[[Kalipada Mandal|Kalipada Mondal]]
|
|-
|180
|[[Bagnan Assembly constituency|Bagnan]]
|[[Arunava Sen (politician)|Arunava Sen]]
|
|-
|181
|[[Amta Assembly constituency|Amta]]
|[[Sukanta Kumar Paul]]
|
|-
|182
|[[Udaynarayanpur Assembly constituency|Udaynarayanpur]]
|[[Samir Kumar Panja]]
|
|-
|183
|[[Jagatballavpur Assembly constituency|Jagatballavpur]]
|[[Sitanath Ghosh]]
|
|-
|184
|[[Domjur Assembly constituency|Domjur]]
|[[Kalyan Ghosh (politician)|Kalyan Ghosh]]
|
<section end="Howrah district"/>
|-
| rowspan="18" | [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]]
|185
|[[Uttarpara Assembly constituency|Uttarpara]]
|[[Kanchan Mullick]]
|
|-
|186
|[[Sreerampur Assembly constituency|Sreerampur]]
|[[Sudipto Roy]]
|
|-
|187
|[[Champdani Assembly constituency|Champdani]]
|[[Arindam Guin]]
|
|-
|188
|[[Singur Assembly constituency|Singur]]
|[[Becharam Manna]]
|
|-
|189
|[[Chandannagar Assembly constituency|Chandannagar]]
|[[Indranil Sen]]
|
|-
|190
|[[Chunchura Assembly constituency|Chunchura]]
|[[Asit Mazumdar]]
|
|-
|191
|[[Balagarh Assembly constituency|Balagarh]]
|[[Manoranjan Byapari]]
|
|-
|192
|[[Pandua Assembly constituency|Pandua]]
|[[Ratna De|Ratna De Nag]]
|
|-
|193
|[[Saptagram Assembly constituency|Saptagram]]
|[[Tapan Dasgupta]]
|
|-
|194
|[[Chanditala Assembly constituency|Chanditala]]
|[[Swati Khandoker]]
|
|-
|195
|[[Jangipara Assembly constituency|Jangipara]]
|[[Snehasis Chakraborty]]
|
|-
|196
|[[Haripal Assembly constituency|Haripal]]
|[[Karabi Manna]]
|
|-
|197
|[[Dhanekhali Assembly constituency|Dhanekhali]]
|[[Ashima Patra]]
|
|-
|198
|[[Tarakeswar Assembly constituency|Tarakeswar]]
|[[Ramendu Sinharay]]
|
|-
|199
|[[Pursurah Assembly constituency|Pursurah]]
|[[Bimal Ghosh (politician)|Biman Ghosh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|
|-
|200
|[[Arambag Assembly constituency|Arambagh]]
|[[Madhusudan Bag]]
|
|-
|201
|[[Goghat Assembly constituency|Goghat]]
|[[Biswanath Karak]]
|
|-
|202
|[[Khanakul Assembly constituency|Khanakul]]
|[[Susanta Ghosh (politician)|Susanta Ghosh]]
|
<section end="Hooghly district"/>
|-
| rowspan="16" | [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]]
|203
|[[Tamluk Assembly constituency|Tamluk]]
|[[Soumen Mahapatra]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|
|-
|204
|[[Panskura Purba]]
|[[Biplab Roy Chowdhury]]
|
|-
|205
|[[Panskura Paschim]]
|[[Firoja Bibi]]
|
|-
|206
|[[Moyna Assembly constituency|Moyna]]
|[[Ashoke Dinda]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|207
|[[Nandakumar Assembly constituency|Nandakumar]]
|[[Sukumar De]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|
|-
|208
|[[Mahisadal Assembly constituency|Mahisadal]]
|[[Tilak Kumar Chakraborty]]
|
|-
|209
|[[Haldia Assembly constituency|Haldia]]
|[[Tapasi Mondal]]
|Defected from BJP to AITC
|-
|210
|[[Nandigram Assembly constituency|Nandigram]]
|[[Suvendu Adhikari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|'''Leader of the Opposition'''
|-
|211
|[[Chandipur Assembly constituency|Chandipur]]
|[[Soham Chakraborty]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|
|-
|212
|[[Patashpur Assembly constituency|Patashpur]]
|[[Uttam Barik]]
|
|-
|213
|[[Kanthi Uttar Assembly constituency|Kanthi Uttar]]
|[[Sumita Sinha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|
|-
|214
|[[Bhagabanpur Assembly constituency|Bhagabanpur]]
|[[Rabindranath Maity]]
|
|-
|215
|[[Khejuri Assembly constituency|Khejuri]]
|[[Santanu Pramanik]]
|
|-
|216
|[[Kanthi Dakshin Assembly constituency|Kanthi Dakshin]]
|[[Arup Kumar Das]]
|
|-
|217
|[[Ramnagar, Purba Medinipur Assembly constituency|Ramnagar]]
|[[Akhil Giri]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=7}}
|
|-
|218
|[[Egra Assembly constituency|Egra]]
|[[Tarun Kumar Maity]]
|
<section end="Purba Medinipur district"/>
|-
|[[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]]
|219
|[[Dantan Assembly constituency|Dantan]]
|[[Bikram Chandra Pradhan]]
|
<section end="Paschim Medinipur district 1"/>
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Jhargram district|Jhargram]]
|220
|[[Nayagram Assembly constituency|Nayagram]]
|[[Dulal Murmu]]
|
|-
|221
|[[Gopiballavpur Assembly constituency|Gopiballavpur]]
|[[Khagendra Nath Mahata]]
|
|-
|222
|[[Jhargram Assembly constituency|Jhargram]]
|[[Birbaha Hansda]]
|
<section end="Jhargram district 1"/>
|-
| rowspan="15" | [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]]
|223
|[[Keshiary Assembly constituency|Keshiary]]
|[[Paresh Murmu]]
|
|-
|224
|[[Kharagpur Sadar Assembly constituency|Kharagpur Sadar]]
|[[Hiran Chatterjee]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|225
|[[Narayangarh Assembly constituency|Narayangarh]]
|[[Surja Kanta Atta]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=6}}
|
|-
|226
|[[Sabang Assembly constituency|Sabang]]
|[[Manas Bhunia]]
|
|-
|227
|[[Pingla Assembly constituency|Pingla]]
|[[Ajit Maity]]
|
|-
|228
|[[Kharagpur Assembly constituency|Kharagpur]]
|[[Dinen Roy]]
|
|-
|229
|[[Debra Assembly constituency|Debra]]
|[[Humayun Kabir (Debra politician)|Humayun Kabir]]
|
|-
|230
|[[Daspur Assembly constituency|Daspur]]
|[[Mamata Bhunia]]
|
|-
|231
|[[Ghatal Assembly constituency|Ghatal]]
|[[Sital Kapat]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|232
|[[Chandrakona Assembly constituency|Chandrakona]]
|[[Arup Dhara]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=8}}
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|-
|233
|[[Garbeta Assembly constituency|Garbeta]]
|[[Uttara Singha]]
|
|-
|234
|[[Salboni Assembly constituency|Salboni]]
|[[Srikanta Mahata]]
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|235
|[[Keshpur Assembly constituency|Keshpur]]
|[[Seuli Saha]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2|236
|rowspan=2|[[Medinipur Assembly constituency|Medinipur]]
|[[June Malia]]
|Elected to Lok Sabha in June 2024
|-
|[[Sujoy Hazra]]
|Won in November 2024 bypoll
|-
|[[Jhargram district|Jhargram]]
|237
|[[Binpur Assembly constituency|Binpur]]
|[[Debnath Hansda]]
|
<section end="Jhargram district 2"/>
|-
| rowspan="9" | [[Purulia district|Purulia]]
|238
|[[Bandwan Assembly constituency|Bandwan]]
|[[Rajib Lochan Saren]]
|
|-
|239
|[[Balarampur, Purulia Assembly constituency|Balarampur]]
|[[Baneswar Mahato]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|240
|[[Baghmundi Assembly constituency|Baghmundi]]
|[[Sushanta Mahato]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|
|-
|241
|[[Joypur, Purulia Assembly constituency|Joypur]]
|[[Narahari Mahato]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|
|-
|242
|[[Purulia Assembly constituency|Purulia]]
|[[Sudip Kumar Mukherjee]]
|
|-
|243
|[[Manbazar Assembly constituency|Manbazar]]
|[[Sandhya Rani Tudu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|
|-
|244
|[[Kashipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Kashipur]]
|[[Kamalakanta Hansda]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|
|-
|245
|[[Para Assembly constituency|Para]]
|[[Nadiar Chand Bouri]]
|
|-
|246
|[[Raghunathpur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Raghunathpur]]
|[[Vivekananda Bauri]]
|
<section end="Purulia district"/>
|-
| rowspan="13" | [[Bankura district|Bankura]]
|247
|[[Saltora Assembly constituency|Saltora]]
|[[Chandana Bauri]]
|
|-
|248
|[[Chhatna Assembly constituency|Chhatna]]
|[[Satyanarayan Mukhopadhyay]]
|
|-
|249
|[[Ranibandh Assembly constituency|Ranibandh]]
|[[Jyotsna Mandi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=4}}
|
|-
|250
|[[Raipur, Bankura Assembly constituency|Raipur]]
|[[Mrityunjoy Murmu]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2|251
|rowspan=2|[[Taldangra Assembly constituency|Taldangra]]
|[[Arup Chakraborty (politician)|Arup Chakraborty]]
|Elected to Lok Sabha in June 2024
|-
|[[Falguni Singhababu]]
|Won in November 2024 bypoll
|-
|252
|[[Bankura Assembly constituency|Bankura]]
|[[Niladri Sekhar Dana]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|253
|[[Barjora Assembly constituency|Barjora]]
|[[Alok Mukherjee (politician)|Alok Mukherjee]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|
|-
|254
|[[Onda Assembly constituency|Onda]]
|[[Amarnath Shakha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|255
|[[Bishnupur, Bankura Assembly constituency|Bishnupur]]
|[[Tanmay Ghosh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|Defected from BJP to AITC<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2021-08-30 |title=BJP MLA Tanmoy Ghosh joins Trinamool Congress |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bjp-mla-tanmoy-ghosh-joins-trinamool-congress/article36179312.ece |access-date=2021-09-07 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|256
|[[Katulpur]]
|[[Harakali Protiher]]
|Defected from BJP to AITC<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengal BJP MLA Harakali Protiher joins Trinamool Congress |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/west-bengal-bjp-mla-harakali-protiher-joins-tmc-ahead-of-lok-sabha-polls-2454122-2023-10-26 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|257
|[[Indas Assembly constituency|Indas]]
|[[Nirmal Kumar Dhara]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|
|-
|258
|[[Sonamukhi Assembly constituency|Sonamukhi]]
|[[Dibakar Gharami]]
|
<section end="Bankura district"/>
|-
| rowspan="16" |[[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
|259
|[[Khandaghosh Assembly constituency|Khandaghosh]]
|[[Nabin Chandra Bag]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=18}}
|
|-
|260
|[[Bardhaman Dakshin]]
|[[Khokan Das]]
|
|-
|261
|[[Raina Assembly constituency|Raina]]
|[[Shampa Dhara]]
|
|-
|262
|[[Jamalpur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Jamalpur]]
|[[Alok Kumar Majhi]]
|
|-
|263
|[[Monteswar Assembly constituency|Monteswar]]
|[[Siddiqullah Chowdhury]]
|
|-
|264
|[[Kalna Assembly constituency|Kalna]]
|[[Deboprasad Bag]]
|
|-
|265
|[[Memari Assembly constituency|Memari]]
|[[Madhusudan Bhattacharya]]
|
|-
|266
|[[Bardhaman Uttar]]
|[[Nisith Kumar Malik]]
|
|-
|267
|[[Bhatar Assembly constituency|Bhatar]]
|[[Mangobinda Adhikari]]
|
|-
|268
|[[Purbasthali Dakshin]]
|[[Swapan Debnath]]
|
|-
|269
|[[Purbasthali Uttar]]
|[[Tapan Chatterjee (politician)|Tapan Chatterjee]]
|
|-
|270
|[[Katwa Assembly constituency|Katwa]]
|[[Rabindranath Chatterjee]]
|
|-
|271
|[[Ketugram Assembly constituency|Ketugram]]
|[[Sekh Sahonawez]]
|
|-
|272
|[[Mangalkot Assembly constituency|Mangalkot]]
|[[Apurba Chowdhury]]
|
|-
|273
|[[Ausgram Assembly constituency|Ausgram]]
|[[Abhedananda Thander]]
|
|-
|274
|[[Galsi Assembly constituency|Galsi]]
|[[Nepal Ghorui]]
|
<section end="Purba Bardhaman district"/>
|-
| rowspan="9" | [[Paschim Bardhaman district|Paschim Bardhaman]]
|275
|[[Pandabeswar Assembly constituency|Pandabeswar]]
|[[Narendranath Chakraborty]]
|
|-
|276
|[[Durgapur Purba]]
|[[Pradip Mazumdar]]
|
|-
|277
|[[Durgapur Paschim]]
|[[Lakshman Chandra Ghorui]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|278
|[[Raniganj, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Raniganj]]
|[[Tapas Banerjee]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|
|-
|279
|[[Jamuria Assembly constituency|Jamuria]]
|[[Hareram Singh]]
|
|-
|280
|[[Asansol Dakshin Assembly constituency|Asansol Dakshin]]
|[[Agnimitra Paul]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|281
|[[Asansol Uttar Assembly constituency|Asansol Uttar]]
|[[Moloy Ghatak]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|
|-
|282
|[[Kulti Assembly constituency|Kulti]]
|[[Ajay Kumar Poddar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|283
|[[Barabani Assembly constituency|Barabani]]
|[[Bidhan Upadhyay]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|
<section end="Paschim Bardhaman district"/>
|-
| rowspan="11" | [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]]
|284
|[[Dubrajpur Assembly constituency|Dubrajpur]]
|[[Anup Kumar Saha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|285
|[[Suri Assembly constituency|Suri]]
|[[Bikash Roychoudhury]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=10}}
|
|-
|286
|[[Bolpur Assembly constituency|Bolpur]]
|[[Chandranath Singha]]
|
|-
|287
|[[Nanoor Assembly constituency|Nanoor]]
|[[Bidhan Chandra Majhi]]
|
|-
|288
|[[Labpur Assembly constituency|Labpur]]
|[[Abhijit Sinha]]
|
|-
|289
|[[Sainthia Assembly constituency|Sainthia]]
|[[Nilabati Saha]]
|
|-
|290
|[[Mayureswar Assembly constituency|Mayureswar]]
|[[Abhijit Roy (politician)|Abhijit Roy]]
|
|-
|291
|[[Rampurhat Assembly constituency|Rampurhat]]
|[[Asish Banerjee]]
|'''Deputy Speaker'''
|-
|292
|[[Hansan Assembly constituency|Hansan]]
|[[Asok Kumar Chattopadhyay]]
|
|-
|293
|[[Nalhati Assembly constituency|Nalhati]]
|[[Rajendra Prasad Singh (Birbhum politician)|Rajendra Prasad Singh]]
|
|-
|294
|[[Murarai Assembly constituency|Murarai]]
|[[Mosarraf Hossain]]
|
<section end="Birbhum district"/>
|}
Source<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcOct2021/ConstituencywiseS2556.htm?ac=56 |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>

== See also ==

*[[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
*[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly Elections]]
*[[West Bengal]]
*[[Mamata Banerjee]]

== References ==
<references />
{{West Bengal elections}}
{{West Bengal topics}}
{{Legislatures of India}}
{{Current Indian assemblies}}

[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026| ]]
[[Category:2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]
[[Category:Lists of current Indian state and territorial assemblies|West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Terms of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]

INS Agray (2024)

2026-05-05T17:28:06Z

RaymondLoewentha:

{{Short description|Fifth ship of Arnala class corvettes of ASW-SWC project of the Indian Navy}}
{{other ships|INS Agray}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}{{italic title|string=Agray}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image =
| image_caption =
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
| hide_header =
| country = [[India]]
| flag = {{shipboxflag|India|naval}}
| name = INS ''Agray''
| namesake = {{INS|Agray|1991}}
| owner = [[Indian Navy]]
| operator = [[Indian Navy]]
| registry =
| route =
| ordered = 29 April 2019<ref name=":8" />
| awarded =
| builder = [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers]]
| original_cost = {{INRConvert|789|c|0}} (FY2020)
| yard_number = 3036
| way_number =
| laid_down = 31 December 2022<ref name="pip202212312" />
| launched = 13 March 2024<ref name=":02" />
| sponsor =
| completed =
| acquired = 30 March 2026
| commissioned =
| recommissioned =
| decommissioned =
| maiden_voyage =
| in_service =
| out_of_service =
| renamed =
| reclassified =
| refit =
| struck =
| reinstated =
| homeport =
| identification = [[Pennant number]]: P36
| motto =
| nickname =
| honours =
| honors =
| captured =
| fate =
| status = Delivered
| notes =
| badge =
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| type = [[Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft]]
| displacement = {{cvt|900|t|LT}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1885185 | title=LAUNCH OF 'ARNALA', FIRST SHIP OF ASW SWC (GRSE) PROJECT ON 20 DEC 22 AT M/S L&T, KATTUPALLI }}</ref>
| length = {{cvt|77.6|m|ftin}}<ref name="janes.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/grse-starts-asw-swc-corvette-production-in-partnership-with-larsen-toubro|title=GRSE starts ASW-SWC corvette production in partnership with Larsen & Toubro|website=Janes.com}}</ref>
| beam = {{cvt|10.5|m|ftin}}<ref name="janes.com"/>
| draft = {{cvt|2.7|m|ftin}}<ref name="janes.com"/>
| propulsion = [[Pump-jet|Water-jet propulsion]]<ref name="eurasiantimes.com">{{Cite web|url=https://eurasiantimes.com/touted-as-game-changer-what-are-indian-navys-anti-submarine-warfare-shallow-water-crafts/|title=Touted As 'Game-Changer', What Are Indian Navy's 'Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Crafts'?|date=27 December 2021|website=Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News}}</ref>
| sail_plan =
| speed = {{convert|25|kn|lk=in}}
| range = {{cvt|1800|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|14|kn}}<ref name="janes.com"/>
| endurance =
| test_depth =
| boats = 1 × [[Rigid inflatable boat|RHIB]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mitsopoulos |first=Dimitris |date=25 June 2025 |title=India Commissions Its First ASW-SWC Corvette |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2025/06/india-commissions-its-first-asw-swc-corvette/ |access-date=26 June 2025 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}</ref>
| capacity =
| troops =
| complement =
| crew = 57
(7 officers + 50 sailors)
| time_to_activate =
| sensors = *'''Combat suite:'''
* ASW Combat Suite (presumably the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]]-developed IAC MOD 'C' combat suite)<ref name="grse.in">{{Cite web|url=http://grse.in/eoi/EOI_ASW_SWC_R1.pdf|title=NIE No. GRSE/GMD/ASW-SWC/12/01 Expression of Interest (EOI) For Design of Anti Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC) for Indian Navy.|website=grse.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202243/http://grse.in/eoi/EOI_ASW_SWC_R1.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://grse.in/index.php/tender-archive|title=Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd.- Government of India Undertaking - Tender Archive|website=grse.in}}</ref>
*'''Sonar:'''
* [[DRDO]] Abhay Hull-Mounted Sonar (HMS)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eyes and Ears Underwater |url=https://forceindia.net/feature-report/eyes-ears-underwater/ |access-date=23 August 2024 |website=Force India |language=en-US |archive-date=23 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823153937/https://forceindia.net/feature-report/eyes-ears-underwater/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Low Frequency Variable Depth Sonar (LFVDS)<ref name="grse.in"/>
*'''Management systems:'''
* Fire Control System (FCS)
* Integrated Platform Management System (IPMS)<ref name="grse.in"/>
* Automatic Power Management System (APMS)<ref name="grse.in"/>
* Battle Damage Control System (BDCS)<ref name="grse.in"/>
| armament = *'''Anti-submarine warfare:'''
*1 × [[RBU-6000]] [[Anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine]] rocket launcher<ref name=":0" />
*2 × triple lightweight [[torpedo]] launchers ([[Torpedo Advanced Light Shyena#Advanced Light-Weight Torpedo (ALWT)|Advanced Light-Weight Torpedo (ALWT)]])<ref name="eurasiantimes.com"/>
*[[Anti-submarine weapon|Anti-submarine mines]] (launched from mine-laying rails)
*'''Guns:'''
* 1 × [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers#Naval Surface Gun (NSG) 30 mm|Naval Surface Gun (30 mm)]]
* 2 × [[Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli|OFT]] 12.7 mm M2 [[Remote controlled weapon station|Stabilized Remote Controlled Gun]]
| armour =
| armor =
| aircraft =
| notes = Largest class of waterjet-powered vessels in the [[Indian Navy]].
}}
}}
'''INS ''Agray''''' is the fifth ship of the ''Arnala'' class of the [[Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft]] (ASW SWC). The ship has been ordered by the [[Indian Navy]] and was launched on 13 March 2024.<ref name=":02">{{Cite press release |title=Launch of 'Agray' and 'Akshay' fifth and sixth ship of ASW SWC (GRSE) Project on 13 Mar 24 at M/S GRSE Kolkata |date=13 March 2024 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2014425 |access-date=13 March 2024}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Background ===
On 23 December 2013, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) –- the main acquisition panel subordinate to India's [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD), approved the procurement of sixteen [[anti-submarine warfare]] (ASW) vessels capable of operating in shallow waters, at a cost of {{INRConvert|13440|c|lk=on|year=2013}}, to replace the ageing [[Abhay-class corvette|''Abhay''-class corvettes]] of the Indian Navy – which were commissioned between 1989 and 1991. This includes the development of the vessels with about {{Convert|700|t|abbr=on}} displacement and an operational radius of {{Convert|200|nmi|abbr=on}} from its [[home port]]. They would be built by [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers]] (GRSE).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhatnagar |first=Gaurav Vivek |date=24 December 2013 |title=Four major acquisitions for the Navy and the Army approved |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/four-major-acquisitions-for-the-navy-and-the-army-approved/article5494688.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915131130/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/four-major-acquisitions-for-the-navy-and-the-army-approved/article5494688.ece |archive-date=15 September 2025 |access-date=17 October 2017 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Prasad |first=KV |date=25 December 2013 |title=MoD clears Navy plans to get 16 shallow-water anti-sub vessels |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20131226/main5.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829044614/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20131226/main5.htm |archive-date=29 August 2025 |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=Tribune India}}</ref>

In June 2014, the MoD issued a tender, worth USD2.25 billion under the 'Buy and Make India' category to private-shipyards – including [[Larsen & Toubro]] (L&T), [[ABG Shipyard]], [[Pipavav Shipyard|Pipavav Defense and Offshore Engineering]], [[Goa Shipyard]] (GSL) and [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers]] (GRSE), for the procurement of the 16 anti-submarine vessels.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2014 |title=India issues $2.25bn tender to procure ASW shallow-water craft |url=https://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsindia-issues-225bn-tender-to-procure-asw-shallow-water-craft-4297624/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915131157/https://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsindia-issues-225bn-tender-to-procure-asw-shallow-water-craft-4297624/ |archive-date=15 September 2025 |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=Naval Technology}}</ref>

In October 2017, [[Cochin Shipyard]] (CSL) and [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers]] (GRSE) emerged as the first and the second-lowest bidder in the tender, respectively. CSL had quoted a value of {{INRConvert|5400|c|year=2017|mode=historical}} while GRSE had to match the bid value of CSL in order to get the contract.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2018 |title=Garden Reach Shipbuilders set to win ₹5,400-crore Navy order |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/garden-reach-shipbuilders-set-to-win-5400crore-navy-order/article10035674.ece |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref>

=== Purchase ===
On 29 April 2019, the MoD and GRSE signed a contract, valued at {{INRConvert|6311.32|c|year=2019}}, for eight anti-submarine vessels, to be delivered between 2022 and 2026. The contract mandates the first vessel to be delivered within 42 months of the date of signing, with the remaining seven vessels delivered at a rate of two ships per year within 84 months.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news |last=Himatsingka |first=Anuradha |date=29 April 2019 |title=GRSE signs contract for 8 anti-submarine warfare shallow water crafts for Indian Navy |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/grse-signs-contract-for-8-anti-submarine-warfare-shallow-water-crafts-for-indian-navy/articleshow/69099130.cms |access-date=15 September 2025 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite press release |title=Contract Signing with M/S CSL and M/S GRSE for Acquisition of Sixteen Anti Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC) for Indian Navy |date=30 April 2019 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1571375 |access-date=15 September 2025}}</ref>

On 30 April 2019, the MoD and CSL signed a similar contract for the construction of the remaining eight vessels – within a deadline of 84 months.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2019 |title=GRSE Signs Contract for 08 Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Watercraft |url=https://psuwatch.com/grse-signs-contract-for-08-anti-submarine-warfare-shallow-watercraft |website=psuwatch.com}}</ref> Under this contract, the first ship was also expected to be delivered within a span of 42 months, with subsequent deliveries of two ships per year.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2019 |title=Cochin Shipyard gets Rs 6,311 crore contract for anti-submarine warfare ships |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/story/cochin-shipyard-gets-rs-6311-crore-contract-for-anti-submarine-warfare-ships-188690-2019-04-30 |website=Business Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2019 |title=Cochin Shipyard gets ₹6,311 crore contract for anti-submarine warfare ships |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/cochin-shipyard-gets-rs-6-311-crore-contract-for-anti-submarine-warfare-ships-1556639149645.html |website=mint}}</ref>

=== Construction ===
GRSE formed a [[Public Private Partnership]] alliance with [[Larsen & Toubro]] involving its [[Kattupalli Shipyard]] to undertake the entire ASW SWC project along with the [[Sandhayak-class survey vessel (2023)|Survey Vessel (Large) Project]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite press release |title=Keel laying ceremony for 1st warship of ASW Shallow Water Craft Project and 3rd warship of Survey Vessel Large Project |date=6 August 2021 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1743323 |access-date=15 September 2025}}</ref>

The [[keel laying]] ceremony of the ship, along with her [[sister ship]] {{INS|Akshay|2024|6}}, was conducted on 31 December 2022 at GRSE Main Works in Kolkata by the then [[Defence Secretary (India)|Defence Secretary]], [[Giridhar Aramane]].<ref name="pip202212312">{{Cite press release |title=Keel laying by Shri Giridhar Aramane, Defence Secretary, for two warships of ASW SWC Project at GRSE, Kolkata, on 31 Dec 22 |date=31 December 2022 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1887783 |access-date=31 December 2022}}</ref> [[Ceremonial ship launching|Christened]] ''Agray'', the ship was launched into the water of the [[Hooghly River]] on 13 March 2024. The chief guest of the event was the then [[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]], [[Air chief marshal (India)|Air Chief Marshal]] [[Vivek Ram Chaudhari]].<ref name=":02" />

The ship was delivered to the Indian Navy on 30 March 2026<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Delivery of Agray – the fourth Anti-submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft built by GRSE, Kolkata |date=2026-03-30 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2247087 |access-date=2026-03-31}}</ref> along with {{INS|Dunagiri|2022|6}} and {{INS|Sanshodhak}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-03-30 |title=3 ships - Dunagiri, Sanshodhak, and Agray - handed over to Navy on Monday |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/3-ships-dunagiri-sanshodhak-and-agray-handed-over-to-navy-on-monday/article70803679.ece |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-03-30 |title=Navy gets three indigenous warships from GRSE, boost to self-reliance push |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indian-navy-commissions-three-new-ships-dunagiri-sanshodhak-agray-enhancing-combat-capabilities-2889299-2026-03-30 |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
=== Namesake ===
The ship, ''Agray'', was named after her [[INS Agray (1991)|predecessor]], a retired {{Sclass|Abhay|corvette}}, which itself was a subclass of [[Soviet]]-origin {{Sclass|Pauk|corvette}}.

== Design ==
{{Excerpt|INS Arnala (2022)|Design}}

=== Weapons ===
{{Excerpt|INS Arnala (2022)|Weapons}}

=== Sensors ===
{{Excerpt|INS Arnala (2022)|Sensors}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Agray, INS}}
[[Category:Arnala-class corvettes]]
[[Category:2024 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Kolkata]]

The Tiger's Daughter

2026-04-23T17:11:56Z

RaymondLoewentha: new new info w/ infobox

{{Short description|1971 novel by Bharati Mukherjee}}
{{for|the 2017 fantasy novel|The Tiger's Daughter (2017 novel)}}
{{Sources exist|date=April 2026}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox book
| name = The Tiger's Daughter
| image = The Tiger's Daughter.jpg
| caption = First edition (US)
| cover_artist = Frank Bozzo
| author = [[Bharati Mukherjee]]
| country = United States
| language = English
| genre =
| publisher = [[Houghton Mifflin]] (US) [[Chatto & Windus]] (UK)
| release_date = [[1971 in literature|1971]]
| media_type = Print (hardback & paperback)
| pages = 210 pp
| isbn = 0-395-12715-7
| dewey= 813/.5/4
| congress= PZ4.M9555 Ti3 PR9499.3.M77
| oclc= 217219
| preceded_by = N/A
| followed_by = [[Wife (novel)|Wife]] (1975)
}}

'''''The Tiger's Daughter''''' is the first novel by [[Indian American]] author [[Bharati Mukherjee]],{{r|Foster}} published in 1971 by [[Houghton Mifflin]].{{r|Frazier}}

==Plot summary==

The story revolves around Tara who was raised in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], educated at [[Vassar College]] in New York and is married to an American man. The novel explores her sense of culture shock when she travels back to [[India]] intertwined with the political situation in Calcutta and [[West Bengal]].

==Publication history==
* Hardcover – {{ISBN|0-395-12715-7}}, published in 1971 by [[Houghton Mifflin]]
* Paperback – {{ISBN|0-449-22100-8}}, published in 1992 by [[Fawcett Publications|Fawcett Crest]]

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="Foster">{{cite news |last=Foster |first=Malcolm |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-gazette-a-novel-of-special-topicalit/196149655/ |title=A novel of special topicality |date=1972-01-08 |access-date=2026-04-23 |work=[[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]] |pages=41 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Frazier">{{cite news |last=Frazier |first=Jean |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-writer-becomes-her/196149763/ |title=Writer Becomes Heroine Of First Novel |date=1972-01-08 |access-date=2026-04-23 |work=[[Lansing State Journal]] |pages=47 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
</references>

==External links==
*[http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio?inkey=17-0395127157-0 Powell's book review]{{404|date=April 2026}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tigers Daughter, The}}
[[Category:1971 American novels]]
[[Category:Novels by Bharati Mukherjee]]
[[Category:Novels set in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Houghton Mifflin books]]
[[Category:Fiction about Indian diaspora]]
[[Category:Indian-American culture]]
[[Category:1971 debut novels]]
[[Category:English-language novels]]

{{1970s-novel-stub}}
{{AsianAmerican-stub}}

Soumen Sen

2026-04-23T08:52:11Z

RaymondLoewentha: new new details w/ refs.

{{Short description|40th Chief Justice of Kerala High Court}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Soumen Sen
| office = [[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Kerala High Court|40th Chief Justice]] of [[Kerala High Court]]
| status =
| term_start = 10 January 2026
| term_end =
| appointer = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| nominator = [[Surya Kant (judge)|Surya Kant]]
| predecessor = [[Nitin Madhukar Jamdar|N. M. Jamdar]]
| office1 = [[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Meghalaya High Court|14th Chief Justice]] of [[Meghalaya High Court]]
| term_start1 = 8 October 2025
| term_end1 = 9 January 2026
| appointer1 = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| nominator1 = [[B. R. Gavai]]
| predecessor1 = {{ubl|[[Indra Prasanna Mukerji|I. P. Mukerji]]|[[Hamarsan Singh Thangkhiew|H. S. Thangkhiew]] ''(acting)''}}
| successor1 = [[Revati Mohite Dere|Revati Prashant Mohite Dere]]
| status3 = Acting Chief Justice
| term_start3 = 16 September 2025
| term_end3 = 7 October 2025
| appointer3 = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| predecessor3 = [[T. S. Sivagnanam]]
| successor3 = [[Sujoy Paul]] ''(acting)''
| office2 = [[Judge]] of [[Calcutta High Court]]
| term_start2 = 13 April 2011
| term_end2 = 7 October 2025
| nominator2 = [[S. H. Kapadia]]
| appointer2 = [[Pratibha Patil]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1965|7|27|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]]
| education = [[LL. B.]]
| honorific_prefix = Hon'ble Chief Justice
}}
'''Soumen Sen''' (born 27 July 1965) is an Indian judge, who is currently serving as Chief Justice of the [[Kerala High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jennath |first=K. Salma |date=2026-01-10 |title=Justice Soumen Sen Sworn-In As Chief Justice Of Kerala High Court |url=https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/kerala-high-court/kerala-high-court-chief-justice-soumen-sen-518395 |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref> Previously, he has also served as chief justice of [[Meghalaya High Court]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ahuja |first=Sonali |date=2025-09-29 |title=President appoints Justice Soumen Sen as Chief Justice of Meghalaya High Court |url=https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2025/09/29/president-appoints-justice-soumen-sen-as-chief-justice-meghalaya-hc/ |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=SCC Times |language=en-US}}</ref> He is a former judge of [[Calcutta High Court]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chief Justice and Judges – Calcutta High Court |url=https://www.calcuttahighcourt.gov.in/Judges/CJ-and-Judges}}</ref> where he also served as its Acting Chief Justice.

== Early life and career ==
Justice Soumen Sen was born in Kolkata, West Bengal. He studied at [[St. Lawrence High School, Kolkata]], and passed the LL.B. Examination from the [[University of Calcutta]] in 1990 and stood first in the said examination by securing the highest marks. He was enrolled as an advocate with the Bar Council of West Bengal in 1991.

He practiced as an advocate in the Calcutta High Court for 20 years on both original and appellate side and also before other courts and tribunals. He appeared in a wide range of matters, including civil, constitutional, banking, and arbitration cases, representing authorities such as the RBI, SEBI, SIDBI and was also designated as Senior Advocate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-17 |title=Calcutta High Court: Major Reshuffle in Benches of Calcutta High Court, Know about 32000 Teacher Case – WBPAY.IN |url=https://wbpay.in/en/calcutta-high-court-major-reshuffle-in-benches-of-calcutta-high-court-know-about-32000-teacher-case/ |access-date=2025-09-12 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

He was as appointed as Judge of [[Calcutta High Court]] on 13 April 2011 and was appointed as the acting Chief Justice of [[Calcutta High Court]] consequent upon the retirement of the then Chief Justice [[T. S. Sivagnanam]] on 15 September 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Justice Soumen Sen named Acting Chief Justice of Calcutta HC |url=https://www.punjabnewsexpress.com/crime-justice/news/justice-soumen-sen-named-acting-chief-justice-of-calcutta-hc-297630 |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=www.punjabnewsexpress.com}}</ref>

On 11 September 2025 Supreme Court Collegium led by CJI [[B. R. Gavai]] recommended him to be appointed as Chief Justice of [[Meghalaya High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Ratna |date=2025-09-11 |title=Supreme Court Collegium recommends appointment of Justice Soumen Sen as Meghalaya High Court CJ |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/supreme-court-collegium-recommends-appointment-of-justice-soumen-sen-as-meghalaya-high-court-cj |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=Bar and Bench – Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref> He was appointed as Chief Justice of Meghalaya High Court 26 September 2025 and took oath on 8 October 2025 in ceremony held at [[Raj Bhavan, Shillong]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETLegalWorld.com |title=Justice Soumen Sen sworn in as Chief Justice of Meghalaya High Court |url=https://legal.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/web-stories/justice-soumen-sen-sworn-in-as-chief-justice-of-meghalaya-high-court/124381063 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=ETLegalWorld.com |language=en}}</ref>

On 18 December 2025, Supreme court collegium headed by CJI [[Surya Kant (judge)|Surya Kant]] recommended his transfer as chief justice of [[Kerala High Court]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-18 |title=Supreme Court Collegium Recommends Transfer of Justice Soumen Sen as Chief Justice of Kerala High Court – Law Trend |url=https://lawtrend.in/supreme-court-collegium-recommends-transfer-of-justice-soumen-sen-as-chief-justice-of-kerala-high-court/ |access-date=2025-12-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> this was cleared by government on 1 January 2026<ref>{{Cite web |title=Order of transfer as Chief Justice of Kerala High Court |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s35d6646aad9bcc0be55b2c82f69750387/uploads/2026/01/202601012108438584.pdf}}</ref> and he was sworn in on 10 January 2026.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-01-10 |title=Soumen Sen sworn in as new Chief Justice of Kerala High Court |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/soumen-sen-sworn-in-as-new-chief-justice-of-kerala-high-court/article70493925.ece |access-date=2026-01-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
<references responsive="1"></references>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sen, Soumen}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Judges of the Calcutta High Court]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]

Nilofer Khan

2026-04-20T06:14:43Z

RaymondLoewentha: Started Article

{{Short description|Indian academic}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| photo =
| name = Nilofer Khan
| office = Vice-chancellor of [[University of Kashmir]]
| term_start = 20 May 2022
| term_end =
| chancellor = [[Manoj Sinha]]
| predecessor = [[Talat Ahmad]]
| birth_date = 1960
| birth_place =
| spouse =
| alma_mater =
}}

'''Nilofer Khan''' (born 1960) is an Indian academic and author who currently serves as the [[List of vice chancellors of the University of Kashmir|21st]] [[Vice-Chancellor]] of the [[University of Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Academics, politicians condole demise of prominent scholar Abdul Ghani Al-Azhari |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/kashmir/academics-politicians-condole-demise-of-prominent-scholar-abdul-ghani-al-azhari |access-date=19 January 2023 |work=Greater Kashmir |date=19 January 2022}}</ref> She was appointed the first woman Vice-Chancellor of the University on 19 May 2022.

==Career==
Nilofer Khan formerly served as the Dean Student Welfare at the [[University of Kashmir]] (KU).<ref name=print>{{cite news |title=Prof Nilofer Khan appointed as first woman Vice Chancellor of Kashmir University |url=https://theprint.in/india/prof-nilofer-khan-appointed-as-first-woman-vc-of-kashmir-university/962946/ |access-date=19 January 2023 |work=ThePrint |date=19 May 2022}}</ref> She was the first woman to hold this post at the university.<ref name=print/> [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|''The Tribune'']] reported on 19 May 2022 that the academic had "almost 30 years of teaching experience".<ref>{{cite news |title=Prof Nilofer Khan 1st woman VC of Kashmir varsity |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/j-k/prof-nilofer-1st-woman-vc-of-kashmir-varsity-396299 |access-date=19 January 2023 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]}}</ref> She also served as the dean of the University's College Development Council, and as the dean of the Faculty of Applied Science and Technology.<ref name="gk">{{cite news |title=Prof Nilofar Khan takes charge as KU's first woman VC |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/kashmir/prof-nilofar-khan-takes-charge-as-kus-first-woman-vc |access-date=19 January 2023 |work=[[Greater Kashmir]] |date=20 May 2022}}</ref>

Khan was the director of the KU's Institute of Home Sciences and also served as the [[Registrar (education)|registrar]] of the varsity.<ref name="gk"/> At the KU, she has been a member of decision-making bodies including Academic Council, Finance Committee and the University Syndicate. She also chaired the Students’ Grievance Committee at the university and served as a co-presiding officer of Internal Compliance Committee of the [[Central University of Kashmir]].<ref name="gk"/>

On Thursday, 19 May 2022, the Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir, [[Manoj Sinha]] appointed Khan as the [[Vice-Chancellor]] of the [[University of Kashmir]]. She is the first woman to have been appointed to this post.<ref>{{cite news |title=Prof Nilofar Khan appointed as first woman V-C of Kashmir University |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/prof-nilofar-khan-appointed-as-first-woman-v-c-of-kashmir-university-101653000900021.html |access-date=19 January 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |date=20 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Nilofar Khan Takes Charge As VC Kashmir University |url=https://kashmirobserver.net/2022/05/20/prof-nilofar-khan-takes-charge-as-first-woman-vc-of-kashmir-university/ |access-date=19 January 2023 |work=Kashmir Observer |date=20 May 2022}}</ref> At the time of her appointment, she was a professor in the university's department of Home Science.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Geelani |first1=Syed Rizwan |title=Prof Nilofar Khan appointed as Kashmir University's first woman Vice-Chancellor |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/kashmir/prof-nilofar-khan-appointed-as-kashmir-universitys-first-woman-vice-chancellor |access-date=19 January 2023 |work=Greater Kashmir |date=19 May 2022}}</ref> She took the charge on 20 May 2022 replacing [[Talat Ahmad]].<ref name="gk"/>

According to a May 2022 report of ''[[Greater Kashmir]]'', Khan visited several USA-based universities to examine their academic and examinations system during 2003. The report also mentions her to have had supervised more than twenty doctoral research scholars and nine [[Master of Philosophy|MPhil]] researchers.<ref name="gk"/>

==Publications==
Khan's works include:<ref>{{cite web |title=Khan, Nilofer |url=https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2010210258/ |publisher=[[WorldCat]] |access-date=19 January 2023}}</ref>
* ''Growth & development of Kashmiri urban children'' (Naheed Vaida)
* ''Role of Kashmiri women in agriculture development & allied fields'' (co-authored with Nayeema Jabeen and Nasreen Jahan)
* ''She: impact of domestic violence on Kashmiri women'' (co-authored with Fatima Buchh and Naheed Vaida)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Nilofer}}
[[Category:Indian academic administrators]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Kashmir]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1960 births]]

2024 Indian general election in Sikkim

2026-04-19T06:25:09Z

RaymondLoewentha:

{{Short description|Indian political election in Sikkim}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{For|Vidhan Sabha elections|2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Infobox election
| country = India
| type = Parliamentary
| previous_election = 2019 Indian general election in Sikkim
| previous_year = 2019
| election_date = 19 April 2024
| next_year = 2029
| seats_for_election = Sole seat from Sikkim in the [[Lok Sabha]]
| ongoing = no
| next_election = 2029 Indian general election in Sikkim
| outgoing_members = List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha#Sikkim
| elected_members = List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha#Sikkim
| opinion_polls = 2024 Indian general election in Sikkim#Opinion polls
| turnout = 79.88% ({{decrease}}1.5%)
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Symbol SKM.png|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=0}}
| leader1 = [[Indra Hang Subba]]
| party1 = Sikkim Krantikari Morcha
| leader_since1 = 2019
| leaders_seat1 = [[Sikkim Lok Sabha constituency|Sikkim]]
| last_election1 = 47.23%, 1 seat
| alliance1 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| leader2 = Bharat Basnett
| party2 = [[Citizen Action Party – Sikkim|CAP-S]]
| alliance2 =
| leader_since2 = 2024
| leaders_seat2 = [[Sikkim Lok Sabha constituency|Sikkim]]
| last_election2 = ''new''
| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Indian Election Symbol Umberlla.png|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
| leader3 = [[Prem Das Rai]]
| party3 = Sikkim Democratic Front
| alliance3 =
| leader_since3 = 2014
| leaders_seat3 = [[Sikkim Lok Sabha constituency|Sikkim]]
| last_election3 = 43.71%, 0 seat
| seat_change1 = {{steady}}
| seats1 = '''1'''
| seats2 = 0
| seats3 = 0
| percentage1 = '''42.71%'''
| percentage2 = 21.71%
| percentage3 = 20.05%
| popular_vote1 = '''164,396'''
| popular_vote2 = 83,566
| popular_vote3 = 77,171
| seat_change2 = {{steady}}
| seat_change3 = {{steady}}
| swing1 = {{decrease}} 4.52%
| swing2 = ''New''
| swing3 = {{decrease}} 23.66%
| map_image = 2024 Lok Sabha Sikkim Result Map.svg
| map_size = 300px
| map_caption = Result Map of the 2024 general election in Sikkim
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] after election
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| before_election = [[Narendra Modi]]
| after_election = [[Narendra Modi]]
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Indian_Election_Symbol_Nagrik.png|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=0}} 
}}

The [[2024 Indian general election]] was held in Sikkim on 19 April 2024 to elect 1 member of the [[18th Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=2024 Lok Sabha polls: BJP leaders of 12 eastern, northeastern states to meet in Guwahati|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/2024-lok-sabha-polls-bjp-leaders-of-12-eastern-northeastern-states-to-meet-in-guwahati/articleshow/101533624.cms|website=Economic Times|language=en|date=6 July 2023}}</ref> [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|Legislative assembly]] was held simultaneously with the general election.

== Election schedule ==
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan="2" |Poll event
!Phase
|-
| bgcolor="#FFFACD" |I
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
|'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|1
|}

== Parties and alliances ==

=== Sikkim Krantikari Morcha ===

{{legend2|{{party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha }}|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]}}
{|class="wikitable" width="60%" style="text-align:center"
!colspan="2"|Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]
|[[File:Sikkim Krantikari Morcha flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Symbol SKM.png|50px]]
|[[Indra Hang Subba]]
|1
|-
|}

=== Sikkim Democratic Front ===

{{legend2|{{party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}|[[Sikkim Democratic Front]]}}
{|class="wikitable" width="60%" style="text-align:center"
!colspan="2"|Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Sikkim Democratic Front}}
|[[Sikkim Democratic Front]]
|[[File:Sikkim-Democratic-Front-flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Umberlla.png|50px]]
|[[Prem Das Rai]]
|1
|-
|}

=== Bharatiya Janata Party ===

{{legend2|{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]}}
{|class="wikitable" width="60%" style="text-align:center"
!colspan="2"|Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]]
|Dinesh Chandra Nepal
|1
|-
|}

=== Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance ===

{{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]]}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!colspan="2"|Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Hand INC.svg|50px]]
|Gopal Chettri
|1
|-
|}

=== Others ===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!colspan="2"|Party
!Symbol
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Sikkim Republican Party}}
|[[Sikkim Republican Party]]
|
|1
|-
|{{party color cell|Other}}
|[[Citizen Action Party – Sikkim]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Nagrik.png|50px]]
|1
|-
|}

== Candidates ==

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:16px"
|-
!colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Constituency
|colspan="3" bgcolor={{party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha }}|
|colspan="3" bgcolor={{party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}|
|colspan="3" bgcolor={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|
|colspan="3" bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}|
|-
!colspan="3"|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
!colspan="3"|[[Sikkim Democratic Front|SDF]]
!colspan="3"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party |BJP]]
!colspan="3"|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
|-
!1.
|[[Sikkim Lok Sabha constituency|Sikkim]]
|{{party color cell|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
|[[Indra Hang Subba]]
|{{party color cell|Sikkim Democratic Front}}
|[[Sikkim Democratic Front|SDF]]
|[[Prem Das Rai]]
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Dinesh Chandra Nepal
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Gopal Chettri
|-
|}

== Surveys and polls ==

=== Opinion polls ===
{{#section-h:Opinion polling for the 2024 Indian general election|Sikkim (1)}}

=== Exit polls ===
{{#section-h:Opinion polling for the 2024 Indian general election|Sikkim}}

== Results ==
=== Results by alliance or party ===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="4" rowspan="2"|Alliance/ Party
!colspan="3"|Popular vote
!colspan="3"|Seats
|-
!Votes
!%
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]
!Contested
!Won
!'''+/−'''
|-
|rowspan="2"{{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}
!rowspan="2"style="background:#FEF3E8"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|{{Party color cell|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
|1,64,396
|42.71%
|{{decrease}}4.52
|1
|1
|{{no change}}
|-
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|19,035
|4.95%
|{{increase}}0.95
|1
|0
|{{Steady}}
|-
|{{Party color cell|Citizen Action Party- Sikkim}}
|colspan="3"|[[Citizen Action Party - Sikkim|CAP-S]]
|83,566
|21.71
|''new''
|1
|0
|{{No change}}
|-
|{{Party color cell|Sikkim Democratic Front}}
|colspan="3"|[[Sikkim Democratic Front|SDF]]
|77,171
|20.05
|{{Decrease}} 23.66
|1
|0
|{{No change}}
|-
|{{Party color cell|Sikkim Republican Party}}
|colspan="3"|[[Sikkim Republican Party|SRP]]
|4,799
|1.25
|''new''
|1
|0
|{{No change}}
|-
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
!style="background:#E5F8FF"|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,241
|0.58%
|{{Decrease}}0.52
|1
|0
|{{Steady}}
|-
|{{Party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
|colspan="3"|[[Independent (politician)|IND]]
|31,158
|8.08
|
|8
|0
|{{No change}}
|-
|bgcolor="Black"|
|colspan="3"|[[None of the above (India)|NOTA]]
|2,527
|0.66
|
!colspan="3" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
!colspan="4"|Total
!3,84,893
!100%
! -
!14
!1
!-
|-
|}

=== Results by constituency ===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Constituency
! rowspan="2" |Turnout
! colspan="7" |Winner
!colspan="7"|Runner-up
!rowspan="2"|Margin
|-
!colspan="2"|Party
!colspan="2"|Alliance
!Candidate
!Votes
!%
!colspan="2"|Party
!colspan="2"|Alliance
!Candidate
!Votes
!%
|-
!1
|[[Sikkim Lok Sabha constituency|Sikkim]]
|79.88%{{Decrease}}
|{{Party color cell|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
|{{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}
|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|[[Indra Hang Subba]]
|1,64,396
|42.71%
|{{Party color cell|Citizen Action Party - Sikkim}}
|[[Citizen Action Party - Sikkim|CAP-S]]
|colspan=2|''None''
|Bharat Basnett
|83,566
|21.71%
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;"|80,830
|-
|}

== Assembly segments wise lead of Parties ==
[[File:2024 Sikkim Lok Sabha Elections Assembly Wise Leads Map.svg|2024 Sikkim Lok Sabha Elections Assembly Wise Map|thumb|200px]]
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Assembly segments
!Position in Assembly (as of 2024 election)
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}"|
! [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]
| 31{{efn|[[Sangha Assembly constituency]] only votes in the assembly elections.|efn}}
| 31
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}"|
! [[Sikkim Democratic Front]]
| 0
| 1
|-
!colspan=2|Total
!colspan=2| 32
|}

== See also ==
* [[2024 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu]]
* [[2024 Indian general election in Telangana]]
* [[2024 Indian general election in Tripura]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}
{{Indian general election, 2024}}
{{Sikkim elections}}
[[Category:2024 Indian general election by state or union territory|Sikkim]]
[[Category:Indian general elections in Sikkim]]
[[Category:2020s in Sikkim]]

Pingla Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:49:32Z

RaymondLoewentha: Started Stub

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Pingla
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Pingla.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Pingla Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Ajit Maity]]
| party = [[Trinamool Congress]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Ghatal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghatal]]
| constituency_no = 227
| established = 1967
| electors = 194,757
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Pingla Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Paschim Medinipur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 227 Pingla Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Dhaneswarpur, Gobordhanpur, Jamna, Karkai, Kshirai, Kusumda and Pindurui [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Pingla (community development block)|Pingla]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]] (CDB) and [[Kharagpur II (community development block)|Kharagpur II]] CDB.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web | url = http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date = 2010-10-15 | publisher = Government of West Bengal | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110813092204/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf | archive-date = 13 August 2011 }}</ref>

Pingla Assembly constituency is part of No. 32 [[Ghatal (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/> It was earlier part of [[Panskura (Lok Sabha constituency)]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|Prabodh Chandra Sinha
|{{Full party name with color|Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|Saumen Kumar Mahapatra
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|Ajit Maity
|}

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Pingla}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ajit Maity|party=Trinamool Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Swagata Manna|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ashoke Sen|party=Communist Party of India|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Susanta Mandal|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Sishir Kumar Manna
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kazi Abdur Rashid|party=Aam Janata Unnayan Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Pingla}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Ajit Maity
|votes = 112,435
|percentage = 49.17
|change = -1.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Antara Bhattacharya
|votes = 105,779
|percentage = 46.26
|change = +38.16
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Samir Roy
|votes = 7,103
|percentage = 3.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 2,073
|percentage = 0.91
|change = -0.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Sishir Kumar Manna
|votes = 1,279
|percentage = 0.56
|change = -0.64
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 228,669
|percentage = 89.66
|change = -0.84
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Pingla<ref name="Pingla">{{cite web |url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25227.htm |title = Pingla |work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-20 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=227| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120526064236/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=227| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 26 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Pingla| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_5th_phase.pdf |title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Pingla |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-06 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030706/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_5th_phase.pdf |archive-date = 2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Somen Mahapatra|Saumen Kumar Mahapatra]]
|votes = 104,416
|percentage = 50.90
|change = +4.34
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra)
|candidate = Prabodh Chandra Sinha
|votes = 80,198
|percentage = 39.10
|change = -8.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Antara Bhattacharya
|votes = 16,665
|percentage = 8.10
|change = +3.84
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Ranjit Bankura
|votes = 2,388
|percentage = 1.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 2,118
|percentage = 1.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Kartik Chandra Dolai
|votes = 1,474
|percentage = 0.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 205,141
|percentage = 90.50
|change = -1.60
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006.
===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Pingla<ref name="Pingla">{{cite web |url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25227.htm |title = Pingla |work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-20 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=227| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120526064236/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=227| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 26 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Pingla| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_5th_phase.pdf |title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Pingla |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-06 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030706/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_5th_phase.pdf |archive-date = 2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra)
|candidate = Prabodh Chandra Sinha
|votes = 84,737
|percentage = 47.24
|change = -9.81
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Ajit Maity
|votes = 83,504
|percentage = 46.56
|change = +3.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sambhunath Hansda
|votes = 7,641
|percentage = 4.26
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
|candidate = Rabi Tudu
|votes = 3,481
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 179,364
|percentage = 92.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra)
|swing = -13.43#
}}
{{Election box end}}

.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006.
===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]], Ramapada Samanta of [[Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra)|DSP(PC)]] won the Pingla assembly seat defeating Hrishikesh Dinda of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]. Contests in most years were among multiple candidates but only winners and runners-up are being mentioned. Rampada Samanta, Independent, defeated Raj Kumar Das of Trinamool Congress in 2001. Ramapada Samanta contesting on the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] symbol defeated Swapan Dome of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1996. Haripada Jana representing DSP(PC) defeated Saktipada Mahapatra of Congress in 1991, contesting as an independent defeated Sukumar Das of Congress in 1987 and 1982, and representing [[Janata Party]] defeated [[Bijoy Das (West Bengal politician)|Bijoy Das]] of Congress in 1977.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp217.htm |title = 217 - Pingla Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2010-12-20 }}</ref>

===1967-1972===
Bijoy Das of Congress won in 1972 and 1971. Gouranga Samanta of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won in 1969 and 1967.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/electionstatistics.asp | title = Statistical Reports of Elections | access-date = 2010-12-20 | work = General Election Results and Statistics | publisher = Election Commission of India | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp | archive-date = 2010-10-05 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Paschim Medinipur topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Paschim Medinipur district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in West Bengal]]

Rajinder Singh Sr.

2026-04-13T05:15:16Z

RaymondLoewentha: Started New Bio

{{short description|Indian field hockey player}}
{{About|the hockey player born on 7 January 1958 who was an Olympic Games gold medallist|the hockey player born on 13 May 1959 who was a Champions Trophy bronze medallist|Rajinder Singh Jr.}}
{{Sources exist|date=September 2024}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Rajinder Singh Sr.
| full_name =
| image =
| caption =
| nationality = [[India]]
| sport = [[Field hockey]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|7|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Amritsar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| event = Men's team
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] }} [[File:Olympic rings.svg|center|80px]]
{{MedalGold|[[1980 Summer Olympics|1980 Moscow]]|[[Field hockey at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Asian Games]] }}
{{MedalSilver | [[1982 Asian Games|1982 Delhi]] | [[Field hockey at the 1982 Asian Games|Team]] }}
}}

'''Rajinder Singh Sr.''', is an Indian [[field hockey]] player and coach. He played for [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] in the [[Indian Senior National Hockey Championship]]. He was part of the [[India men's national field hockey team|Indian teams]] that won the gold medal at the [[1980 Summer Olympics]] and silver medal at the [[1982 Asian Games]]. He was a defender and a noted penalty corner expert who top scored for India at the [[1982 Men's Hockey World Cup|1981-82 World Cup]] scoring 12 goals for India in that world cup. He coached the [[India men's national under-21 field hockey team|India men's U-21 team]] to the [[2001 Men's Hockey Junior World Cup|2001 Junior World Cup]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Hockey Junior World Cup: Why India's win doesn't mean the game is catching on in the country |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/hockey-junior-world-cup-why-indias-win-doesnt-mean-hockey-is-catching-on-in-the-country-3166532.html |access-date=12 October 2023 |work=Firstpost |date=21 December 2016 |language=en}}</ref> title and the India men's team to the [[2003 Men's Hockey Asia Cup|2003 Asia Cup]] title.<ref>{{cite web |title=When 'PC king' Rajinder Singh saw India fall at Kalinga|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/hockey-world-cup/hockey-world-cup-when-pc-king-rajinder-singh-saw-india-fall-at-kalinga/articleshow/97316949.cms?from=mdr}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Indian field hockey coaches]]
[[Category:Indian men's field hockey players]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{India-fieldhockey-bio-stub}}

Sukhram Koli

2026-04-12T13:45:39Z

RaymondLoewentha: new basic stub needs work.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sukhram Shivcharan Singh Koli
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of [[Baseri Assembly constituency|Baseri]]
| native_name = सुखराम शिवचरण सिंह कोली
| native_name_lang = Hi
| constituency = [[Baseri Assembly constituency]]
| country = [[India]]
| predecessor = Constituency established
| successor = [[Rani Silautia]]
| term_start = 2008
| term_end = 2013
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| birth_name = Sukhram Shivcharan Singh Koli
| birth_date = 1973
| birth_place = Baseri, [[Dholpur district]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]], [[Asia]]
| citizenship = {{flag|India}}
| parents = Shivcharan Singh Koli (father)
| occupation = Politician
| profession = [[Agriculturist]]
| education = [[Post Graduate]]
}}

'''Sukhram Shivcharan Singh Koli'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=बीजेपी की तीसरी लिस्ट में बसेड़ी से सुखराम कोली को टिकट, बीएसपी ने बाड़ी से पूर्व विधायक पर जताया भरोसा |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/rajasthan/state/dholpur/rajasthan-assembly-election-2023-bjp-declared-sukhram-koli-candidate-from-baseri-bsp-named-jaswant-singh-gurjar-from-bari/rj20231102184914428428641 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=ETV Bharat News |date=2 November 2023 |language=hi}}</ref> is an [[Politics of India|Indian politician]], [[social work]]er and former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] for [[Baseri Assembly constituency|Baseri assembly constituency]] as a member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Bhaskar |first=Dainik |date=2018 |title=पूर्व विधायक कोली छह साल के लिए निष्कासित |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/rajasthan/dholpur/news/ex-mla-koli-expelled-for-six-years-020647-3345954.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dholpur BJP के पूर्व विधायक सुखराम कोली को मिली धमकी, आरोपी गिरफ्तार |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/rajasthan/dholpur/former-dholpur-bjp-mla-sukhram-koli-receives-threats-accused-arrested/1712106 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref> In [[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]s, Koli defeated the Badri Prasad of [[Indian National Congress]] party.

== Early life ==
Sukhram Koli was born to Shivcharan Singh Koli in 1973 in Baseri town of [[Dholpur]] [[List of districts of Rajasthan|district]] in [[Rajasthan]] [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[India]].<ref name=":0"/>

== Political career ==
*2008 - 2013, [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] for [[Baseri Assembly constituency]]<ref name=":0" />

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koli, Sukhram}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2008–2013]]

Ghanpur Station Assembly constituency

2026-04-12T10:59:02Z

RaymondLoewentha: Started new entry

{{Short description|Constituency of the Telangana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ghanpur (Station)
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (99-Ghanpur Station highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Ghanpur (Station) Assembly constituency within Telangana
| mla = [[Kadiyam Srihari]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| state = [[Telangana]]
| district = [[Jangaon district|Jangaon]]
| reservation = SC
| incumbent_image = Kadiyam Srihari 2017.jpg
| electors = 2,17,756
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 99
| loksabha_cons = [[Warangal Lok Sabha constituency|Warangal]]
}}

'''Ghanpur (Station) Assembly constituency''', also known as '''Station Ghanpur''', is a scheduled caste reserved constituency of [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]. It is one of the three constituencies in [[Jangaon district]]. It is part of [[Warangal Lok Sabha constituency]].

[[Kadiyam Srihari]], who served as the [[List of Deputy Chief Ministers of Telangana|Deputy Chief Minister of Telangana]], is representing this constituency since December 2023.

==Mandals==
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal !!Districts
|-
| [[Ghanpur (Station)]]
| rowspan=5|[[Jangaon district|Jangaon]]
|-
| [[Raghunathpalle]]
|-
| [[Zaffergadh]]
|-
| Chilpur
|-
| [[Lingalaghanpur]]
|-
| [[Dharmasagar, India|Dharmasagar]]
| rowspan=2|[[Hanamkonda district|Hanamkonda]]
|-
| Velair
|}

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Duration
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| 1957
| B. Keshav Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1962
| Nellutla Pushpasenam Vurap Mohan Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| 1967
| T. L. Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| 1972
| T. Hayagriva Chary
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| 1978
| rowspan="2" | [[Goka Ramaswamy]]
|-
| 1983
|-
| 1985
| Bojappaly Rajaiah
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| 1989
| Bohnagiri Arogyam
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1994
| rowspan="2" | [[Kadiyam Srihari]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 1999
|-
| 2004
| Gunde Vijaya Rama Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
| 2008
| [[Kadiyam Srihari]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| 2009
| rowspan="4" | [[T. Rajaiah]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 2012
| {{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi|rowspan=3}}
|-
| 2014
|-
| 2018
|-
| 2023
| [[Kadiyam Srihari]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|}

==Election results==

=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2023]]: Ghanpur Station (Assembly constituency)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Bharat Rashtra Samithi
| candidate = [[Kadiyam Srihari]]
| votes = 1,01,696
| percentage = 47.13
| change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Singapuram Indira|votes=93,917|percentage=43.53|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Gunde Vijayarama Rao|votes=4,984|percentage=2.31|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Baskula Nagaraju|votes=2,466|percentage=1.14|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Shaga Raju|votes=2,417|percentage=1.12|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Navya Kursapelly|votes=1,800|percentage=0.83|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Mothukupelly Prabhakar|votes=1,267|percentage=0.59|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Dandem Rathnam|votes=1,253|percentage=0.58|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the Above|candidate=None of the Above|votes=1,153|percentage=0.53|change=}}{{Election box majority|votes=7,779|percentage=3.60|change=}}{{Election box turnout|votes=2,15,755|percentage=|change=}}{{Election box hold with party link
| winner =Bharat Rashtra Samithi
|loser =Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}{{Election box end}}

=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ghanpur Station}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| candidate = [[T. Rajaiah]]
| votes = 98,612
| percentage = 49.57
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Indira Singapuram
| votes = 62,822
| percentage = 31.58
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Prathap Rajarapu
| votes = 22,774
| percentage = 11.45
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Madasi Venkatesham
| votes = 4,890
| percentage = 2.46
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = [[None of the Above]]
| votes = 3,540
| percentage = 1.78
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 35,790
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,98,943
| percentage = 88.14
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2014]]: Ghanpur (Station) (Assembly constituency)}}<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044319/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=997&cid=99 Ghanpur (Station) Results]}}</ref>
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| candidate = [[T. Rajaiah]]
| votes = 1,03,662
| percentage. 28

| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Dr. Gunde Vijaya Rama Rao
| votes = 44,833
| percentage = 25.47%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telugu Desam Party
| candidate = Dommati Sambaiah
| votes =20,430
| percentage = 11.61%
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 58,829
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,76,041
| percentage = 80.84%
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|17.85|79.37|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]
[[Category:Hanamkonda district]]
[[Category:Politics of Telangana]]

Naguvina Hoogala Mele

2026-04-11T03:21:12Z

RaymondLoewentha: created the pg initial version

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Naguvina Hoogala Mele
| image = Naguvina Hoogala Mele.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = [[Venkat Bharadwaj]]
| writer = Abhishek Iyengar (dialogues)
| screenplay = Venkat Bharadwaj
| story = Venkat Bharadwaj
| based_on = 
| producer = [[K. K. Radhamohan]]
| starring = Abhishek Das [[Sharanya Shetty]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Pramod Bharateeya
| editing = Chandan P.
| music = Lovv Pran Mehta
| studio = [[Sri Sathya Sai Arts]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|2|9}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Naguvina Hoogala Mele''''' ({{Translation|On the flowers of laughter}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic action film|romantic action]] [[drama film]] co-written and directed by [[Venkat Bharadwaj]] and starring Abhishek Das and [[Sharanya Shetty]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/naguvina-hoogala-mele-a-captivating-kannada-film-on-longdistance-relationships/articleshow/107457070.cms|title="Not just with couples, Naguvina Hoogala Mele, also explores the dynamics of long-distance relationships with family members and friends," says Abhishek Das|date=6 February 2024|work=The Times of India|access-date=26 February 2024|archive-date=15 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215013253/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/naguvina-hoogala-mele-a-captivating-kannada-film-on-longdistance-relationships/articleshow/107457070.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/abhishek-das-bags-two-new-films/articleshow/88124619.cms|title=Abhishek Das bags two new films|date=7 December 2021|work=The Times of India|access-date=26 February 2024|archive-date=15 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215011217/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/abhishek-das-bags-two-new-films/articleshow/88124619.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*Abhishek Das as Manohar a.k.a. Manu
*[[Sharanya Shetty]] as Dr. Tanu
*HarshGoBhat
*Girish Bettappa as Venky
*[[Bala Rajwadi]] as Tanu's father
*Jyothi Marur as elderly citizen
* Aasha Sujay
*Narendra Babu
*Baby Shilpa
*Benaka Nanjappa as elderly citizen
}}

== Production ==
The film was based on a true incident and was produced by the Telugu production house [[Sri Sathya Sai Arts]] known for producing ''[[Bengal Tiger (2015 film)|Bengal Tiger]]'' (2015). The film was shot at Trasi Beach, [[Hulikal|Hulikal Ghat]], Mastigudi and Shivamogga. The film is set in the [[Malnad|Malenadu]] region.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/award-winning-kannada-film-director-venkat-bharadwajs-film-naguvina-hoogala-mele-release-on-march-9/article67812902.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418012053/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/award-winning-kannada-film-director-venkat-bharadwajs-film-naguvina-hoogala-mele-release-on-march-9/article67812902.ece|title=Venkat Bharadwaj’s Kannada film ‘Naguvina Hoogala Mele’ releases this week|archive-date=18 April 2024|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=6 February 2024|first=Shilpa|last=Anandraj|url-access=subscription|access-date=1 May 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by Lovv Pran Mehta.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gottilla Yarigu (From "Naguvina Hoogala Mele") Song: Gottilla Yarigu (From "Naguvina Hoogala Mele") MP3 Kannada Song by Lovv Pran Mehta Online Free on Gaana.com |url=https://gaana.com/album/gottilla-yarigu-from-naguvina-hoogala-mele |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |access-date=26 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Irali Bidu (From "Naguvina Hoogala Mele") - Single by Tajinder Singh, Niharika Nath & Lovv Pran Mehta on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/irali-bidu-from-naguvina-hoogala-mele-single/1669217227 |website=[[Apple Music]] |access-date=26 February 2024 |date=3 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Muddu Baby (From "Naguvina Hoogala Mele") - - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/muddu-baby-from-naguvina-hoogala-mele/8AYgqxNORlk_ |website=[[JioSaavn]] |access-date=26 February 2024 |date=8 February 2024}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Gottilla Yarigu
| length1 = 3:17
| lyrics1 = Chidambara Narendra
| extra1 = Tajinder Singh, Lovv Pran Mehta
| title2 = Irali Bidu
| length2 = 3:41
| lyrics2 = Pramod Marvante
| extra2 = Tajinder Singh, Niharika Nath, Lovv Pran Mehta
| title3 = Muddu Baby
| length3 = 2:51
| lyrics3 = Kiran Nagaraj
| extra3 = Ronnie, Meghana, Lovv Pran Mehta
| total_length = 9:49
}}

== Reception ==
Y Maheswara Reddy from ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote that "It is worth a watch by all family members, especially youngsters".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/naguvina-hoogala-mele-movie-review-love-has-no-barriers/articleshow/107588622.cms|title=Naguvina Hoogala Mele Movie Review: Love has no barriers|website=Bangalore Mirror|access-date=2024-02-25|archive-date=2024-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214090935/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/naguvina-hoogala-mele-movie-review-love-has-no-barriers/articleshow/107588622.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Harish Basavarajaiah from ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and wrote that "''Naguvina Hoogala Mele'' is a breezy love story, which showcases the joy of waiting in love and can be enjoyed in theatres with your partner".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/naguvina-hoogala-mele/movie-review/107533581.cms|title=Naguvina Hoogala Mele Movie Review : Naguvina Hoogala Mele review: The joy of waiting in love|work=The Times of India|access-date=2024-02-25|archive-date=2024-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214034631/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/naguvina-hoogala-mele/movie-review/107533581.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Asianet News]]'' wrote that "Abhidas, Sharanya Shetty, Bala Rajawadi, Asha Sujay are the backbone of this film which puts forth the principle that love has no time limit".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/movie-reviews/abhishek-das-sharanya-shetty-naguvina-hoogala-mele-kannada-movie-review-vcs-s8qd00|title=Naguvina Hoogala Mele Review ಕುತೂಹಲಕರ ತಿರುವುಗಳ ಪ್ರೇಮ ಕಥೆ|language=kn|date=12 February 2024|work=[[Asianet News]]|first=ಆರ್‌|last=ಕೆ.|access-date=26 February 2024|archive-date=13 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213114552/https://kannada.asianetnews.com/movie-reviews/abhishek-das-sharanya-shetty-naguvina-hoogala-mele-kannada-movie-review-vcs-s8qd00|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|18377908}}
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 Kannada-language films]]

Sikligarh

2026-04-09T14:14:33Z

RaymondLoewentha: new basic page basic info.

{{Short description|Archeological site in Purnia}}{{Infobox ancient site
| name = Sikligarh
| native_name = सिकलीगढ़
| native_name_lang = Mai
| other_name = Sikligadh
| location = Banmankhi Block
| region = Mithila
| type = Archaeological site
| area = 200 acres
}}
'''Sikligarh''' ([[Maithili language|Maithili]]: सिकलीगढ़) or '''''Sikligadh''''' is an ancient [[Archaeological site|archeological site]] in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is located in the [[Banmankhi]] block of the [[Purnia district]] in the state of [[Bihar]] in India. It is spread over 200 acres of land surrounded by mud rampart.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Olivelle |first=Patrick |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Between_the_Empires.html?id=efaOR_-YsIcC#v=onepage&q=sikligarh%20bihar&f=false |title=Between the Empires: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE |date=2006-07-13 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-977507-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=पौराणिकता के वाबजूद उपेक्षित है सिकलीगढ़ का टीला - Sikligarh mound is neglected in spite of mythology |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/purnea-sikligarh-mound-is-neglected-in-spite-of-mythology-21831767.html |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Patil |first=Devendrakumar Rajaram |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Antiquarian_Remains_in_Bihar.html?id=9xNXAAAAMAAJ#sikligarh |title=The Antiquarian Remains in Bihar |date=1963 |publisher=Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Bindeshwari Prasad |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Comprehensive_History_of_Bihar_pt_2_1974.html?id=AKk5AQAAIAAJ#sikligarh |title=Comprehensive History of Bihar: pt. 2 [1974] |date=1974 |publisher=Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute |language=en}}</ref> It is an important archeological site in Bihar which has yielded [[Northern Black Polished Ware|NBP ware]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parishad |first=Bihar Purāvid |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Journal_of_the_Bihar_Pur%C4%81vid_Parish.html?id=Un8MAQAAMAAJ#sikligarh |title=The Journal of the Bihar Purāvid Parishad |date=1993 |publisher=Bihar Puravid Parishad. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Bindeshwari Prasad |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Comprehensive_History_of_Bihar.html?id=cGlDAAAAYAAJ#sikligarh |title=Comprehensive History of Bihar |date=1974 |publisher=Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
{{Archaeology-stub}}

[[Category:Archaeological sites in India]]
[[Category:Purnia district]]

Jalaja (film)

2026-04-07T05:17:54Z

RaymondLoewentha: adding new info!

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jalaja
| image = Advertisement for Jalaja (1938 film).png
| caption = Promotional poster
| native_name = {{Infobox name module|ஜலஜா அல்லது நாட்டிய மஹிமை}}
| director = R. R. Gautam G. K. Seshagiri
| producer = G. K. Seshagiri
| screenplay = Manjeri S. Isvaran [[V. Raghavan|Dr. V. Raghavan]] G. K. Seshagiri
| story = Manjeri S. Isvaran Dr. V. Raghavan G. K. Seshagiri
| starring = [[Kumbakonam K. Bhanumathi|Bhanumathi]] Lakshmi G. K. Seshagiri K. S. Gopalakrishan
| music = A. N. Kalyanasundaram
| cinematography = Rajnikant Pandya Minoo Billimoria
| editing = Fakir Mohammad
| studio = Sagar Renaissance Theatre
| distributor = General Film Distributing Co.
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1938|05|ref1=<ref name="Jalaja67">{{cite magazine |last=Patel |first=Baburao |date=May 1938 |title=Filmindia |url=https://archive.org/details/filmindia193804unse/page/n67/mode/1up |magazine= Filmindia |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=67 |access-date=20 August 2022}}</ref>}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Jalaja or Natya Mahimai''''' ({{translation|Jalaja or The Glory of Dance}}) is a 1938 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[dance film]] written by Manjeri S. Isvaran, [[V. Raghavan|Dr. V. Raghavan]] and G. K. Seshagiri. The film was directed by R. R. Gautam and Seshagiri and produced by the Sagar Renaissance Theatre, a joint production by Seshagiri's Renaissance Theatre and [[Sagar Movietone]].<ref name="songbook" /> It stars [[Kumbakonam K. Bhanumathi|Bhanumathi]], Lakshmi, G. K. Seshagiri and K. S. Gopalakrishan{{efn|name=a|Not [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]]}} in lead roles. The film is marked as India's first dance film.<ref name="songbook" /> It is also dedicated to Bhanumathi's cousin, ''Bharatanatya Art Expert'' Srimathi Varalakshmi, who died early on in the film's production. No print of the film is known to survive, making it a lost film.<ref name="Harikrishnan">{{Cite book |last=Krishnan |first=Hari |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jrixDwAAQBAJ&q=Jalaja+1937&pg=PA109 |title=Celluloid Classicism |publisher=Wesleyan University Press |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-8195-7888-4 |pages=105 – 116 |language=Tamil |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=July 2021}}

== Cast ==
Cast according to the song book<ref name="songbook">{{Cite book |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP689-27-1-48 |title=Jalaja or Natya Mahimai |publisher=Devi Press Ltd., Madras |year=1938 |language=ta |type=[[song book]]}}</ref>
{{Col-begin|width=80%}}
{{Col-break|width=50%}}
* [[Kumbakonam K. Bhanumathi|Bhanumathi]] as Jalaja
* G. K. Seshagiri as Rajagopalan
* Lakshmi as Lalitha
* K. S. Gopalakrishan{{efn|name=a|Not [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]]}} as Mudaliar
* Janaki{{efn|name=b|Nungambakkam Janaki, [[Kumari Rukmani]]'s mother<ref name="IndianExpress">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=3 November 1990 |title='Sri Valli' fame Kumari Rukmini: She danced her way to stardom |page=16 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19901103&printsec=frontpage&hl=en }}</ref>
}} as Duraikannu
* V. Ganesa Iyer as Priest
* [[Kumari Rukmani|Rukmini]] as Rukmini
* M. K. Venkatapathi as Azhagappan
* R. Venkatachalamaiah as Sivarama Iyer
* S. R. Krishna Iyengar as Kittu
* R. Ramanujachari as Agent Iyengar
{{Col-break|width=50%}}
* [[Bhudo Advani]] as Mudaliar's Servant
* Vaithi as Mudaliar's Servant
* Sadasivan as Mudaliar's Servant
* Pankajam as Pankajam
* Kokilam as Singer
* K. S. Ramamurthi as Station Master
* S. Rajagopalan as Sundaram
* Sripada Shankar as Police Deputy Commissioner
* M. Viswanathan as Police Inspector
* G. Kalyanasundaram as Police Inspector
* A. Sundaram as Police Inspector
{{col-end}}

== Production ==
The film was produced by the Sagar Renaissance Theatre, a joint production by G. K. Seshagiri's Renaissance Theatre and [[Sagar Movietone]].<ref name="songbook" /> It was directed by R. R. Gautam and G. K. Seshagiri, who was also the owner of The Renaissance Theatre.<ref name="Harikrishnan" /> Manjeri S. Isvaran and R. S. Murthi were assistant directors. The story and dialogues were written by Manjeri S. Isvaran, [[V. Raghavan|Dr. V. Raghavan]] and G. K. Seshagiri. The film was shot at Sagar Studios in Bombay and the photography was done by Rajnikant Pandya and Minoo Billimoria. The audiography was handled by V. M. Desai, Dinshaw Billimoria and Reuben Moses. Roora Mistry took care of the film's settings while Fakir Mohammad handled the editing. The film was processed by Gangadhar Narvekar and Pranchavan Shukla.<ref name="songbook" /> While the song book only credits S. Shanmukham as the [[Bharatanatyam|Nattuvanar]] in the orchestra, [[Film News Anandan]] credits him as just the dance choreographer.<ref name="Anandan">{{Cite book|url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1938-cinedetails34.asp |title=Sadhanaigal Padaitha Thamizh Thiraipada Varalaru |last=Film News Anandan |publisher=Sivagami Publishers |year=2004 |location=Chennai |language=Tamil |trans-title=Tamil film history and its achievements |author-link=Film News Anandan |archive-url=https://archive.today/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1938-cinedetails34.asp |archive-date=25 June 2020 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> Hari Krishnan believes that S. Shanmukham is actually Shanmukhasundara Nattuvanar of Thiruppanandal, who was an associate of Vadivelu Pilai, the duo's choreographer before he died in 1937.<ref name="Harikrishnan" /><ref name="Knight">{{Cite book |last=Knight |first=Douglas M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q3EsA2NooW4C&dq=kumbakonam+bhanumathi&pg=PA309 |title=Balasaraswati: Her Art and Life |date=2010-06-15 |publisher=Wesleyan University Press |isbn=978-0-8195-6906-6 |pages=68 |language=en}}</ref> G. K. Seshagiri played the hero, Rajagopalan, while Varalakshmi of the Varalakshmi-Bhanumathi duo was hired to play the heroine, Jalaja. Production began in 1937 in Bombay and on 3 November, Varalakshmi died suddenly.<ref name="Harikrishnan" /> Her cousin [[Kumbakonam K. Bhanumathi|Bhanumathi]], known as Kumbakonam Bhanumathi, was asked to replace her role, which she accepted.<ref name="Harikrishnan" /><ref name="Kumbakonam Bhanumathy">{{Cite news |last=Ramani |first=V. V. |date=26 November 2011 |title=Styles, past and present: Documentary on Kumbakonam Bhanumathi |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/documentary-on-kumbakonam-bhanumathy/article19967705.ece |url-status=live |access-date=26 September 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200521162623/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/documentary-on-kumbakonam-bhanumathy/article19967705.ece |archive-date=21 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="SangeetNatak" /> The film had a second title, ''Natya Mahimai'', meaning the glory of dance.<ref name="songbook" /><ref name="Harikrishnan" /><ref name="SangeetNatak">{{cite web |url=https://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/citation_popup.php?id=650&at=2 |title=Kumbakonam K. Bhanumathi |author= |website=sangeetnatak.gov.in |access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref> K. S. Gopalakrishnan, a congress party worker turned film director played the Mudaliar.<ref name="songbook" /> He is often confused with another film director, [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]].<ref name="panakkari">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/panakkari-1953/article3023707.ece |title=Panakkari 1953 |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=26 December 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=20 May 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170725070547/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/panakkari-1953/article3023707.ece |archive-date=25 July 2017 |author-link=Randor Guy |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[Bhudo Advani]], a Bengali actor played one of the Mudaliar's servants.<ref name="songbook" /> [[Kumari Rukmani]] and her mother Nungambakkam Janaki played Rukmini and Duraikannu, Jalaja's sister and mother respectively.<ref name="songbook" /><ref name="IndianExpress" /><ref name="PP0149">{{cite journal | title=Kumari Rukmani | journal=Natchathra Malai | year=1947 |url=https://www.tamildigitallibrary.in/admin/assets/book/TVA_BOK_0008896_நட்சத்திர_மாலை.pdf|language=Tamil |pages=22 – 23}}</ref> Lakshmi, who played Rajagopalan's wife, Lalitha, was introduced in this film.<ref name="Harikrishnan" />

== Soundtrack ==
The music was directed by A. N. Kalyanasundaram, who also composed almost all of the songs.<ref name="songbook" /><ref name="Anandan" /> However, "Theruvil Varano" was composed by [[Muthu Thandavar]]. The song, "Aduvum Seivar", is an altered version of the padam, "Aduvum Solluval" composed by Subbarama Iyer. The song, "Innum Dayavu", originally composed by [[Ramalinga Swamigal]] has also been altered in the film.<ref name="songbook" />

;''A. N. K''’s Orchestra<ref name="songbook" />
* [[M. S. Anantharaman|Parur S. Anantharaman]] (Conductor) – [[Violin|Fiddle]]
* V. Natarajan – [[Violin|Fiddle]]
* M. R. Jayarama Sarma – [[Flute]], [[Pump organ|Harmonium]]
* M. Balusami Dikshithar – [[Veena]]i
* Ponnusami Mudaliar – [[Gottuvadhyam]]
* S. Radhakrishnan – [[Organ (music)|Organ]], [[Piano]], [[Xylophone]]
* M. K. Venkatapathi – [[Mridangam]]
* C. V. Mani – [[Mridangam]], [[Tabla]], [[Dholak]]
* S. Shanmukham – [[Bharatanatyam|Nattuvanar]]

{| class="wikitable"
! No. !! Song !! Singer(s) !! Ragam !! Composer !! Length
|-
| 1 || "Inneramagilum" || Gramophone Plate - Kokilam || Begada || rowspan=8|A. N. Kalyanasundaram ||
|-
| 2 || "Kanne Varai" || Pankajam || Sindhu Bhairavi ||
|-
| 3 || "Innum Dayavu" || Lakshmi, Bhanumathi || Khamas ||
|-
| 4 || "Ananda Natesa" || Bhanumathi || ||
|-
| 5 || "Samanam Evarum" || Bhanumathi, K. S. Gopalakrishnan || ||
|-
| 6 || "Adum Arase" || Kokilam || ||
|-
| 7 || "Kadhalai Arindor" || Bhanumathi || Hamir Kalyani ||
|-
| 8 || "Aduvum Seivar" || Kokila || Saurashtram ||
|-
| 9 || "Theruvil Varano" || Rukmini || Khamas || Muthu Thandavar ||
|-
| 10 || "Kadhal Kaniyai" || K. S. Gopalakrishnan || || A. N. Kalyanasundaram ||
|-
|}

== Reception ==
The film was distributed by the General Film Distributing Co., which was based in Madras.<ref name="songbook" /> According to Hari Krishnan, "there is no information about how Jalaja fared at the box office. Regardless, the success of the film provides us with new perspectives on thinking about the ways in which Bharatanatyam was circulating in the period [during the 1930s] immediately following the work of the [Madras] [[Madras Music Academy|Music Academy]] and [Rukmini Devi] [[Rukmini Devi Arundale|Arundale]]." In an August 1938 Filmindia magazine, Baburao Patel reports that, "''Jalaja'' failed to draw and people in town think that it was due to bad direction. The story is reported to be weak and a bad selection of artistes is also given as a reason."<ref name="Filmindia">{{Cite magazine |last=Patel |first=Baburao |date=August 1938 |title=Filmindia |url=https://archive.org/details/filmindia193804unse/page/n126/mode/1up |magazine= Filmindia |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=126 |access-date=6 June 2020}}</ref> In September of the same year, Patel continues with, "the original ''Jalaja'' is now expected to be revived after a number of changes."<ref name="Jalaja194">{{Cite magazine |last=Patel |first=Baburao |date=August 1938 |title=Filmindia |url=https://archive.org/details/filmindia193804unse/page/n195/mode/1up |magazine= Filmindia |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=195 |access-date=6 June 2020}}</ref> No print of the film is known to survive, making it a lost film.<ref name="Harikrishnan" />

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jalaja (film)}}
[[Category:1938 films]]
[[Category:1938 Indian films]]
[[Category:1938 lost films]]
[[Category:1930s Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian dance films]]
[[Category:Lost Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Nagpur

2026-03-28T19:16:59Z

RaymondLoewentha: formatting fix

{{Short description|City in Maharashtra, India}}
{{About|the city|other uses|}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nagpur
| official_name =
| native_name = {{nativename|mr|Nāgapura}}
| native_name_lang = mr
| named_for = [[Nag River]]
| settlement_type = [[Metropolis]]
| nicknames = Orange city The heart of India Tiger capital of India Tiger gateway of India
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 270
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/2/2/2
|image2 = Deekshabhoomi - panoramio.jpg {{!}} Deekshabhoomi
| caption2 = [[Deekshabhoomi]]
|image5 = General Post Office, Nagpur.jpg {{!}} General Post Office
| caption5 = General Post Office
|image1 = BAPS Swaminarayan Temple, Nagpur.jpg {{!}} BAPS Swaminarayan Temple
| caption1 = BAPS Swaminarayan Temple,
|image4 = Vidhan Bhavan (State Legislative Assembly) Nagpur - panoramio.jpg {{!}} Vidhan Bhavan (State Legislative Assembly)
| caption4 = [[Vidhan Bhavan, Nagpur]]
|image3 = Zero mile nagpur.jpg
| caption3 = [[Zero Mile Stone (Nagpur)|Zero mile stone]], the geographical center of India.
| image8 = Nagpur-Metro.webp {{!}} Nagpur Metro
| caption8 = [[Nagpur Metro]]
| image7 = Dragon Palace Temple.jpg
| caption7= [[Dragon Palace Temple]]
|image9 = VNIT Nagpur main.jpg
| caption9 = VNIT Nagpur
}}
| blank_emblem_type =
| blank_emblem_size = 100px
| blank_emblem_alt = a
| image_blank_emblem =
| map_alt = Nagpur is in the central part of India, in the east of Maharashtra State
| image_map = {{Switcher
|{{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=center|plain=y|type=shape-inverse|stroke-width=3|id=Q1191|frame-width=370|frame-height=300|frame-lat=18.92|frame-long=76.68|zoom=6|type2=point|coord2={{coord|21.1498|N|79.0806|E}}|marker-size2=medium}}
|Nagpur in Maharashtra map
|{{maplink|display=|frame=yes|type=shape-inverse|id=Q1513|plain=y|title=Nagpur|description=|coord=|marker=|zoom=11|icon=no|stroke-width=4|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-lat=21.1425|frame-long=79.0871|frame-align=center|text=Interactive Map Outlining Nagpur}}
|Nagpur outline map}}
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|21.1498|N|79.0806|E|display=inline|name=Zero Mile Stone}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Maharashtra.svg}} [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Vidarbha]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Nagpur district|Nagpur]]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 1702<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Scrap-dealer-holds-key-to-entry-into-Bakht-Buland-Shahs-grave/articleshow/45378781.cms |title=Scrap dealer holds key to entry into Bakht Buland Shah's grave |website=The Times of India |date=5 December 2014 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>
| founder = [[Bakht Buland Shah]]
| government_type = [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal corporation]]
| governing_body = {{bulleted list|[[Nagpur Municipal Corporation]]|[[Nagpur Metropolitan Region Development Authority]]|[[Nagpur Improvement Trust]]}}
| leader_title = [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]]
| leader_name = {{plainlist|
*[[Nitin Gadkari]] ([[BJP]]) <ref>{{cite web |url=https://sansad.in/ls/members |title=List of Members |access-date=22 February 2025}}</ref>
}}
| leader_title1 = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name1 = Neeta Thakre ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])<ref>{{cite news |title=BJP's Neeta Thakre elected Nagpur mayor; Leela Hatibed new deputy mayor |url=https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bjps-neeta-thakre-elected-nagpur-mayor-leela-hatibed-new-deputy-mayor/3352183 |work=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=6 February 2026 |access-date=6 February 2026}}</ref>
| leader_title3 = [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader_name3 = Abhijeet Chaudhari ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])<ref>{{cite news |title=Dr Chaudhari, an MBBS grad, is new NMC chief |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/dr-chaudhari-an-mbbs-grad-is-new-nmc-chief/articleshow/101471873.cms |work=The Times of India |date=4 July 2023 |access-date=20 September 2023}}</ref>
| leader_title4 = [[Police Commissioner]]
| leader_name4 = Ravindra Kumar Singhal ([[Indian Police Service|IPS]])<ref>{{cite news |title=Reshuffle in Maharashtra police dept; Amitesh Kumar new Pune CP, Singhal gets Nagpur charge |url=https://theprint.in/india/reshuffle-in-maharashtra-police-dept-amitesh-kumar-new-pune-cp-singhal-gets-nagpur-charge/1947742/ |work=ThePrint |agency=PTI |date=31 January 2024 |access-date=30 June 2024}}</ref>
| area_footnotes = <ref name="census">{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook – Nagpur |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2709_PART_B_DCHB_%20NAGPUR.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=7 February 2016 |page=10,12,28}}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| total_type = Nagpur Metro
| area_total_km2 = 393.50
| area_blank1_title = Nagpur City
| area_blank1_km2 = 227.36
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 310
| population_total = 2,405,665
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census"/>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro = 2,497,870
| population_est = 3,127,000
| pop_est_as_of = 2021
| pop_est_footnotes = <ref name=est2021>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/353-nagpur.html|title=Nagpur City Population 2024 | Literacy and Hindu Muslim Population|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>
| population_rank = India: [[List of cities in India by population|13th]] [[Maharashtra]] : [[List of cities in Maharashtra|3rd]] [[Vidarbha]]: [[List of cities in Vidarbha|1st]]
| population_blank1_title = Metro rank
| population_blank1 = [[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India|13th]]
| population_demonym = Nagpurkar, Nagpurians
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|Pin code(s)]]
| postal_code = 440 xxx<ref>{{cite web |title=Pincodes of Nagpur City |url=http://pincode.nagpuronline.in/index.html?Sort=ascending |website=Pincode.nagpuronline.in |access-date=25 February 2017 |archive-date=25 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225133342/http://pincode.nagpuronline.in/index.html?Sort=ascending |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| area_code = [[Telephone numbers in India|+91-712]]
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbering plan|Telephone code]]
| registration_plate = [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India|MH-31 (Nagpur West)]] [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India|MH-49 (Nagpur East)]] [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India|MH-40 (Nagpur Rural)]]
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Gross domestic product|Nominal GDP]] ([[Nagpur district]])
| blank_info_sec1 = {{INRConvert|202438|c}} (2023-24)<ref>{{cite web |title=Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2024-24|url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s349d4b2faeb4b7b9e745775793141e2b2/uploads/2025/01/2025030788773769.pdf|website=cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in| date=7 March 2025| access-date=9 March 2025}}</ref>
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Per capita income|GDP Per Capita]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = {{INRConvert|322927}}
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Budget|Budget (Nagpur City)]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = {{INRConvert|5438.61|c}}<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/no-new-taxes-in-rs-5438-crore-nmc-budget-to-focus-of-efficient-recovery/articleshow/119314705.cms | title=No new taxes in R. 5,438 crore NMC budget, to focus of efficient recovery| newspaper=The Times of India | date=21 March 2025 }}</ref>
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank4_info_sec1 = 951 [[female|♀]] / 1000 [[male|♂]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/city-records-highest-ever-sex-ratio-at-birth-of-951-in-2019/articleshow/73113059.cms |title=Nagpur records highest ever sex ratio at birth in 2019 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=6 January 2020 |access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref>
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| blank5_info_sec1 = {{nowrap|{{increase}}}} 0.786 ({{color|#090|high}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mls.org.in/pdf2021/budget/budgetpdf/ESM_2020_21_Eng_Book.pdf |title=Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2020–21 |website=mls.org.in |access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|www.nagpur.gov.in}}
| blank_name_sec2 = {{nowrap|Official language}}
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Maharashtra Official Languages Act, 1964 |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/15763/1/the_maharashtra_official_languages_act%2C_1964.pdf |access-date=23 April 2023 |publisher=[[Government of Maharashtra]] |date=7 May 2013}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec2 = {{nowrap|UN/LOCODE}}
| blank1_info_sec2 = IN NAG
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Literacy]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = 89.52%<ref>{{cite news |last1=Banerjee |first1=Falguni |title=City's population rises to 23,98,165 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/citys-population-rises-to-2398165/articleshow/7973789.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=14 April 2011}}</ref>
| blank3_name_sec2 = [[Airport]]
| blank3_info_sec2 = [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport]]
| blank4_name_sec2 = [[Rapid Transit|Rapid transit system]]
| blank4_info_sec2 = [[Nagpur Metro]]
}}

'''Nagpur'''{{efn|{{Indic Transl|mr|Nāgapura|nɐːɡᵊpʊɾᵊ}}}} is the largest and most populated city in [[central India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nagpur |url=https://www.mtdc.co.in/nagpur/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |website=Maharashtra Bhraman |language=en}}</ref> It is the second capital and the third-largest city of Indian state [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/maharashtra.html |title=Maharashtra Population Sex Ratio in Maharashtra Literacy rate data |website=Census2011.co.in |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> Also known as the "Orange City", Nagpur is the 13th largest city in India by population.<ref name="nagpur.gov.in">{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} District Nagpur, Government of Maharashtra {{!}} India |url=https://nagpur.gov.in/history/ |access-date=1 March 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref> According to an Oxford's Economics report, Nagpur is projected to be the fifth fastest growing city in the world from 2019 to 2035 with an average growth of 8.41%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/17-of-20-fastest-growing-cities-in-the-world-will-be-from-india/articleshow/66978406.cms |title=17 of 20 fastest-growing cities in the world will be from India |first1=Surojit |last1=Gupta |date=6 December 2018 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> It has been proposed as one of the [[Smart Cities Mission|Smart Cities]] in Maharashtra and is one of the top ten cities in India in Smart City Project execution.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/centre-releases-list-of-98-cities-for-smart-city-project/article7586751.ece |title=Centre unveils list of 98 smart cities; UP, TN strike it rich |last=Jeelani |first=Mehboob |work=The Hindu |access-date=17 May 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/city-maintains-first-rank-among-100-smart-cities/articleshow/67916110.cms |title=City maintains first rank among 100 Smart Cities |first1=Anjaya |last1=Anparthi |date=9 February 2019 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Nidhi |title=In 4th year, mission Smart Cities sees big gains |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/in-4th-year-mission-smart-cities-sees-big-gains/articleshow/69935983.cms |access-date=12 August 2019 |work=The Economic Times |date=25 June 2019}}</ref>

Nagpur is the seat of the annual [[Winter Session of Maharashtra State Assembly|winter session of the Maharashtra state assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=District Nagpur, Government of Maharashtra {{!}} Nagpur has Zero mile stone of India {{!}} India |url=https://nagpur.gov.in/ |access-date=1 March 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref> It is a major commercial and political centre of the [[Vidarbha]] [[Regions and Divisions of Maharashtra|region]] of Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhonsle |first=Kirti D. |title=A study of urbanization in Nagpur district |url=https://www.itpi.org.in/uploads/journalfiles/jul8_10.pdf |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=Institute of Town Planners, India}}</ref> In addition, the city derives unique importance from being a key location for the [[Dalit Buddhist movement]] and the headquarters for the right-wing Hindu organisation [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS). Nagpur is also known for the [[Deekshabhoomi]], which is graded an A-class tourism and pilgrimage site, the largest hollow [[stupa]] among all the [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] stupas in the world. The regional branch of the [[Bombay High Court]] is also situated within the city.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ecommitteesci.gov.in/high-court-of-bombay-nagpur-bench/ | title=High Court of Bombay-Nagpur Bench | Official Website of e-Committee, Supreme Court of India | India }}</ref>

According to a survey by [[ABP News]]-[[Ipsos]], Nagpur was identified as the best city in India topping in [[livability]], greenery, [[Public Transport]], and [[Health Care]] indices in 2013.<ref name="Best City in India 2013">{{cite web |title=Nagpur tops in 4 categories, bags ABP News Best City for the year 2013 but lost the position to Delhi and Mumbai later in year 2014 and 2015 |url=http://www.newsbullet.in/india/34-more/40067-nagpur-tops-in-4-categories-at-abp-news-best-city-awards |work=ABP News Bureau |publisher=Newsbullet.in |access-date=9 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309112032/http://www.newsbullet.in/india/34-more/40067-nagpur-tops-in-4-categories-at-abp-news-best-city-awards |archive-date=9 March 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Best City Awards Winners">{{cite web |title=List of winners at ABP News Best City Awards |url=http://www.newsbullet.in/india/34/40068 |work=ABP News Bureau |publisher=Newsbullet.in |access-date=9 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310071526/http://www.newsbullet.in/india/34/40068 |archive-date=10 March 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Video: Nagpur gets the Best City Award">{{cite web |title=Best City Award goes to Nagpur |url=http://www.newsbullet.in/video/india/40088-best-city-award-goes-to-nagpur |work=ABP News Bureau |publisher=Newsbullet.in |access-date=9 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310071922/http://www.newsbullet.in/video/india/40088-best-city-award-goes-to-nagpur |archive-date=10 March 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The city was adjudged the 20th cleanest city in India and the top mover in the western zone as per [[Cleanest cities in India#Swachh Sarvekshan|Swachh Sarvekshan 2016]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thehitavada.com/Encyc/2016/2/16/Nagpur-is-among-top-20-clean-cities.aspx |title=Nagpur is among top 20 clean cities |website=Thehitavada.com |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-date=30 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230121541/http://thehitavada.com/Encyc/2016/2/16/Nagpur-is-among-top-20-clean-cities.aspx |url-status=dead}}</ref> It was awarded as the best city for innovation and best practice in Swachh Sarvekshan 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/nagpur-best-in-innovation-best-practicesapos/articleshow/64196453.cms |title=Nagpur best in 'innovation & best practices' |first1=Proshun |last1=Chakraborty |date=16 May 2018 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> It was also declared as open defecation free in January 2018 under [[Swachh Bharat Mission]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/nagpur-city-declared-open-defecation-free/articleshow/62343270.cms |title=Nagpur city declared Open Defecation Free |first1=Proshun |last1=Chakraborty |date=2 January 2018 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> It is also one of the safest cities for women in India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.amuserr.com/2441/top-indian-cities-which-are-safe-for-females/ |title=Top 8 Indian Cities Which Are Safe For Females |date=15 November 2016 |website=Amuserr}}</ref> The city also ranked 25th in Ease of Living index 2020 among 111 cities in India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Proshun |title=City moves up six places to no. 25 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/city-moves-up-six-places-to-no-25/articleshow/81336473.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=5 March 2021}}</ref> It was ranked the 8th most competitive city in the country by the Institute for Competitiveness for the year 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://competitiveness.in/city-competitiveness-report-2017/ |title=City Competitiveness Report 2017 |website=Competitiveness.in |date=5 January 2018 |access-date=4 September 2018}}</ref>

It is famous for [[Nagpur orange]]s and is sometimes known as the Orange City for being a major trade centre of oranges cultivated in large part of the region.<ref name="Nagpur also popularly known as Orange City">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/yw/2006/03/31/stories/2006033100200500.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001010317/http://www.hindu.com/yw/2006/03/31/stories/2006033100200500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 October 2007 |title=Stamps from the Orange City |access-date=19 June 2006 |location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=31 March 2006}}</ref> It is also called the ''Tiger Capital of India'' or the ''Tiger Gateway of India'' as many tiger reserves are located in and around the city and also hosts the regional office of [[National Tiger Conservation Authority]].<ref name=tiger>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-nagpur-to-be-country-s-tiger-capital-1532395 |title=Nagpur to be country's tiger capital |date=16 April 2011 |website=DNA India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Govt-approves-IG-posts-for-NTCA-HQ-regional-offices/articleshow/7279842.cms |title=Govt approves IG posts for NTCA HQ, regional offices |date=2011 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> The city was founded in 1702 by the [[Gond people|Gond]] King [[Bakht Buland Shah]] of [[Deogarh, Madhya Pradesh|Deogarh]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://203.129.203.6/en/city-information.html |title=City Information |publisher=203.129.203.6 |access-date=12 February 2017}}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and later became a part of the [[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha Empire]] under the royal [[Bhonsle (clan)|Bhonsale]] dynasty. The [[British East India Company]] took over Nagpur in the 19th century and made it the capital of the [[Central Provinces and Berar]]. After the first re-organisation of states, the city lost its status as the capital. Following the informal [[Nagpur Pact]] between political leaders, it was made the second capital of [[Maharashtra]].

==Etymology==
[[File:Nag River reflecting urban pollution.jpg|thumb|left|Nag River]]
Nagpur is named after the [[Nag River|river Nag]] which flows through the city.<ref name="nagpur.gov.in"/> The old Nagpur city (today called 'Mahal') is situated on north banks of the river Nag. ''Pur'' means "city" in many Indian languages.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unesco.org/most/p2vidal.htm |title=Management of Social Transformations (MOST) Programme – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>

==History==
{{Main|History of Nagpur}}
{{see also|Nagpur state}}
One of the earlier names of Nagpur was "Fanindrapura".<ref>{{Cite web |title=LIT {{!}} Nagpur |url=https://litu.edu.in/about-city |access-date=1 March 2025 |website=litu.edu.in}}</ref> It derives its origin from the [[Marathi Language|Marathi]] word ''phaṇa'' ({{Translation|hood of a [[cobra]]}}). Nagpur's first newspaper was named ''Fanindramani'', which means a jewel that is believed to be suspended over a cobra's hood. It is this jewel that lights up the darkness, hence the name of the newspaper.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Andhare-shines-a-light-on-Nagpurs-history/articleshow/46401555.cms |title=Andhare shines a light on Nagpur's history |work=The Times of India |date=28 February 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> [[B. R. Ambedkar]] claimed that both the city and the river are named after the 'Nags' who were opponents of the Indo-Aryans.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00ambedkar/txt_ambedkar_conversion.html |title=Why Was Nagpur Chosen? by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar |website=Columbia.edu |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> During [[British Empire|British]] rule, the name of the city was spelt and pronounced as "Nagpore".<ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LHoDAAAAQAAJ&dq=Nagpore+Nagpur&pg=PA106 |title=The High School Manual of Geography. with Maps and Illustrations |date=1882 |publisher=Allman & Son |location=London |pages=106 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ramachandran |first=D. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Q7EiZmcMPMC&dq=Nagpore+Nagpur&pg=PR21 |title=Empire's First Soldiers |date=2008 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=978-0-9796174-7-8 |pages=xxi |language=en}}</ref>

===Early and medieval history===
[[File:Gond king of nagpur.jpg|thumb|left|Statue of Bakht Buland Shah in Nagpur]]
Human existence around present-day Nagpur can be traced back 3000 years to the 8th century BCE. ''Mehir'' burial sites at the Drugdhamna (near the Mhada colony) indicate that the [[megalithic]] culture existed around Nagpur and is still followed.<ref name="3000-year-old burial site unearthed">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/3000-year-old_burial_site_unearthed/rssarticleshow/2830035.cms |title=3000-year-old burial site unearthed |work=The Times of India |access-date=1 March 2008 |date=2 March 2008}}</ref> The first reference to the name "Nagpur" is found in a 10th-century [[Indian copper plate inscriptions|copper-plate inscription]] discovered at Devali in the neighbouring [[Wardha District]]. The inscription is a record of grant of a village situated in the Visaya (district) of Nagpura-Nandivardhana during the time of the [[Rashtrakutas|Rastrakuta]] king Krsna III in the [[Shaka era|Saka year]] 862 (940 CE).<ref name="Copper-inscription info">{{cite web |url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/FINAL_GAZETTEE/history.html |title=History of Nagpur District: Ancient Period |publisher=Maharashtra State Government Directorate of Government Printing, Stationery and Publications |access-date=28 July 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709142805/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/FINAL_GAZETTEE/history.html |archive-date=9 July 2007}}</ref>

Towards the end of the 3rd century, King [[Vakataka dynasty|Vindhyasakti]] is known to have ruled the Nagpur region. In the 4th century, the [[Vakataka Dynasty]] ruled over the Nagpur region and surrounding areas and had good relations with the [[Gupta Empire]]. The Vakataka king [[Vakataka Dynasty#Prithivishena I|Prithvisena I]] moved his capital to Nagardhan (ancient name Nandivardhana), {{cvt|38|km|mi}} from Nagpur.<ref name="Ancient Indian History and Civilization">{{Cite book |author=Sailendra Nath Sen |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization |publisher=New Age International |year=1999 |pages=242–248 |isbn=978-81-224-1198-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&q=nagpur+district+administration&pg=PA242}}</ref> After the Vakatakas, the region came under the rule of the [[Hindu]] kingdoms of the [[Badami Chalukyas]], the [[Rashtrakutas]]. The [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]]s or Panwars of [[Malwa]] appear to have controlled the Nagpur region in the 11th century. A ''[[prashasti]]'' inscription of the Paramara king [[Lakshmadeva]] (r. c. 1086–1094) has been found at Nagpur.<ref>{{cite book |author=Pratipal Bhatia |title=The Paramāras, c. 800–1305 A.D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a5gcAAAAMAAJ |year=1970 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |page=111|isbn=9788121504102 }}</ref> Subsequently, the region came under the [[Yadavas of Devagiri]]. In 1296, [[Allauddin Khilji]] invaded the Yadava Kingdom after capturing [[Daulatabad Fort|Deogiri]], after which the [[Tughlaq Dynasty]] came to power in 1317.

In the 17th century, the [[Mughal Empire]] conquered the region, however during Mughal era, regional administration was carried out by the [[Gondi people|Gond]] kingdom of [[Deogarh, Madhya Pradesh|Deogarh]] in the [[Chhindwara district]] of the modern-day state of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nagpur.gov.in/ehtmldocs/left_link/history.html |title=HISTORY |publisher=Nagpur.gov.in |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> In the 18th century, [[Bhonsle]]s of the [[Maratha Empire]] established the [[Nagpur kingdom]] based in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://scroll.in/article/776978/forgotten-indian-history-the-brutal-maratha-invasions-of-bengal |title=Forgotten Indian history: The brutal Maratha invasions of Bengal |first=Shoaib |last=Daniyal |website=Scroll.in|date=21 December 2015 }}</ref>

===Modern history===
[[File:Nagardhan-Fort-Main-Entrance.jpg|thumb|left|Main entrance of the Nagardhan Fort, commissioned by [[Raghuji Bhonsle]] of the [[Bhonsle (clan)|Bhonsale dynasty]] of the [[Maratha Empire]] in the 18th century]]
[[Bakht Buland Shah]] actually founded the city of Nagpur in 1702 (according to different sources) by joining the twelve small villages formerly known as Rajapur Barsa or Barasta.<ref name="gyan">{{cite book |last1=Naik |first1=C. D. |title=Buddhism and Dalits: Social Philosophy and Traditions |date=2010 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7835-792-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VrlLNltm5dMC&dq=bakht+buland+shah&pg=PA199 |language=en}}</ref> An able administrator, he incentivised large-scale immigration of Marathi Hindu cultivators to increase economic activity. After Bhakt Buland Shah, the next Raja of Deogarh was [[Chand Sultan]], who resided principally in the country below the hills, fixing his capital at Nagpur, which he turned into a walled town.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TCNfWRGXd04C&q=king+of+deogarh+chand+sultan&pg=PA8 |title=Continuity and Change in a Little Community |first=Ayyappan Madhava |last=Kurup |date=25 April 1986 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |access-date=25 April 2019 |via=Google Books}}</ref> On Chand Sultan's death in 1739, Wali Shah, an illegitimate son of Bakht Buland, usurped the throne and Chand Sultan's widow invoked the aid of the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] leader [[Raghuji Bhonsle|Raghoji Bhosale]] of Berar in the interest of her sons Akbar Shah and Burhan Shah. The usurper was put to death and the rightful heirs were placed on the throne. After 1743, a series of Maratha rulers came to power, starting with [[Raghoji Bhonsle|Raghoji Bhosale]], who conquered the territories of Deogarh, [[Chandrapur|Chanda]] and [[Chhattisgarh]] by 1751.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nagpur-hotels.com/nagpur-tourism/history-of-nagpur-people.aspx |title=Nagpur – History – People – Art and Culture – Festivals |publisher=Nagpur-hotels.com |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-date=9 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509161614/http://nagpur-hotels.com/nagpur-tourism/history-of-nagpur-people.aspx |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Nagpur was burnt substantially in 1765 and again partially in 1811 by marauding [[Pindari]]s. However, the development of the city of Nagpur continued.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://csridentity.com/nagpur/index.asp |title=About Nagpur district |publisher=Csridentity.com |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-date=1 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044308/http://csridentity.com/nagpur/index.asp |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1803 [[Raghoji II|Raghoji II Bhosale]] joined the [[Peshwa]] against the British in the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]], but the British prevailed. After Raghoji II's death in 1816, his son Parsaji was deposed and murdered by [[Mudhoji II Bhonsle|Mudhoji II Bhosale]]. Despite the fact that he had entered into a treaty with the British in the same year, Mudhoji joined the Peshwa in the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]] in 1817 against the British but suffered a defeat at Sitabuldi in present-day Nagpur. The fierce battle was a turning point as it laid the foundations of the downfall of the [[Bhonsle (clan)|Bhosale]]s and paved the way for the British acquisition of Nagpur city.<ref name="Sitabuldi's importance, fought in 1817, major players involved, etc.">{{cite web |url=http://www.nagpurcity.net/netzine/981215a2.html |title=The Battle of Sitabuldi |publisher=Nagpurcity.net |access-date=1 June 2006 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060111202642/http://www.nagpurcity.net/netzine/981215a2.html |archive-date=11 January 2006}}</ref> Mudhoji was deposed after a temporary restoration to the throne, after which the British placed [[Nagpur kingdom#Raghoji III Bhonsle (1818–1853)|Raghoji III Bhosale]], the grandchild of Raghoji II, on the throne. During the rule of Raghoji III (which lasted until 1840), the region was administered by a British resident. In 1853, the British took control of Nagpur after Raghoji III died without leaving an heir.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gSFYAAAAcAAJ&q=Raghoji%20III%20died%20without%20leaving%20an%20heir&pg=RA2-PA12 |title=Proceedings of a Public Meeting for the formation of The Northern Central British India Society held in the Corn Exchange, Manchester, on Wednesday evening, August 26th, 1840 |first=Northern Central British India Society |last=(MANCHESTER) |date=1 January 1840 |publisher=Northern Central British India Society |access-date=25 November 2016 |via=Google Books}}</ref>
[[File:Nagpur.png|left|thumb|Map of Nagpur district with major towns and rivers]]
[[File:Central Provinces India 1903.gif|thumb|right|Central Provinces and Berar, 1903. Princely states are shown in yellow.]]

From 1853 to 1861, the [[Nagpur Province]] (which consisted of the present Nagpur region, [[Chhindwara]], and [[Chhattisgarh]]) became part of the [[Central Provinces and Berar]] and came under the administration of a commissioner under the British central government, with Nagpur as its capital. Berar was added in 1903.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dUzvBwAAQBAJ&q=nagpur%20province&pg=PA61 |title=Maharashtra General Knowledge |publisher=Upkar Prakashan |access-date=25 November 2016 |via=Google Books |isbn=9789350133576}}</ref> The advent of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway (GIP) in 1867 spurred its development as a trade centre.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maharashtraweb.com/Cities/Nagpur/historyofnagpur.asp |title=History Of Nagpur |publisher=Maharashtraweb.com |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> [[Tata group]] started its first textile mill at Nagpur, formally known as [[Tata Textile|Central India Spinning and Weaving Company Ltd]]. The company was popularly known as "Empress Mills" as it was inaugurated on 1 January 1877, the day queen [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Victoria]] was proclaimed Empress of India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.catalign.in/2010/06/innovations-in-jamsetji-tatas-empress.html |title=Innovations in Jamsetji Tata's Empress Mills at Nagpur |work=Catalign Innovation Consulting |date=4 June 2010 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>

The [[non-co-operation movement]] was launched in the Nagpur session of 1920.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.importantindia.com/16194/causes-and-importance-of-non-co-operation-movement/ |title=Non-cooperation Movement: Introduction, Causes, Result and Importance – Important India |date=17 December 2014 |publisher=inprotantindia.com |access-date=25 November 2016}}{{Dead link|date=March 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The city witnessed a Hindu–Muslim riot in 1923 which had profound impact on [[K. B. Hedgewar]],<ref name="Gandhi in His Time and Ours">{{Cite book |author=David Hardiman |title=Gandhi in His Time and Ours |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=2003 |pages=165–166 |isbn=978-81-7824-114-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qvvgOvby58YC&q=nagpur+riots+of+1923&pg=PA165}}</ref> who in 1925 founded the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a public serves organisation in Mohitewada Mahal, Nagpur with an idea of creating a [[Hindu nationalism#Hindu Rashtra|Hindu ethnostate]]. After the [[1927 Nagpur riots]] RSS gained further popularity in Nagpur and the organisation grew nationwide.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://theprint.in/pageturner/excerpt/how-did-rss-become-hindu-messiah-in-india-disaster-relief-since-1947/332338/ | title=How did RSS become Hindu messiah in India? Disaster relief since 1947 |newspaper=[[ThePrint]] | date=9 December 2019 |first1=Malini |last1=Bhattacharjee }}</ref>

===After Indian independence===
After [[Partition of India|India gained independence]] in 1947, [[Central Provinces and Berar]] became a province of India. In 1950, the Central Provinces and Berar was reorganised as the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]], with Nagpur as its capital.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mp.gov.in/en/web/guest/home-history |title=History – Govt. of MP India |publisher=Mp.gov.in |date=26 January 1950 |access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref> When the Indian states were reorganised along linguistic lines in 1956, Nagpur and Berar regions were transferred to the [[Bombay state|state of Bombay]], which was split into the states of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]] in 1960.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiansaga.com/history/postindependence/reorganization.html |title=History of India |publisher=Indiansaga.com |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> At a formal public ceremony held on 14 October 1956 in Nagpur, [[B. R. Ambedkar]] and his supporters converted to [[Buddhism]], which started the [[Dalit Buddhist movement]] that is still active.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/dalits-throng-deeksha-bhoomi-in-nagpur/article5231936.ece |title=Dalits throng Deeksha Bhoomi in Nagpur |first=Pavan |last=Dahat |date=14 October 2013 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=25 November 2016 }}</ref> In 1994, the city of Nagpur witnessed its most violent day in modern times: in the [[1994 Gowari stampede|Gowari stampede]], police fired on [[Gowari]] protestors demanding [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribe]] status and caused a mass panic.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19941215-morcha-of-gowaris-turns-into-bloody-stampede-claims-113-lives-810035-1994-12-14 |title=Morcha of Gowaris turns into bloody stampede, claims 113 lives |newspaper=[[India Today]] |date=15 December 1994 |first1=Smruti |last1=Koppikar |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>

Nagpur completed 300 years of establishment in the year 2002. A big celebration was organised to mark the event.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/model-for-beautification-of-zero-mile-to-be-finalized-soon-patankar/08251914 |title='Model for beautification of Zero Mile to be finalized soon': Patankar |date=25 August 2015 |publisher=Nagpurtoday.in |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>

== Geography ==
=== Topography ===
Nagpur is located at the exact centre of the [[Indian subcontinent]],<ref name="Heart">{{Cite news |date=7 March 2013 |title=Nagpur as the heart of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/nagpur-as-the-heart-of-india/articleshow/18854653.cms |access-date=17 April 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> close to the geometric centre of the quadrilateral connecting the four major metros of India, viz. [[Chennai]], [[Mumbai]], New Delhi and [[Kolkata]]. The city has the [[Zero Mile Stone (Nagpur)|Zero Mile Stone]] locating the geographical centre of India, which was used by the British to measure all distances within the Indian subcontinent.
The city lies on the [[Deccan Plateau]] of the Indian subcontinent and has a mean altitude of 310.5 meters above sea level.<ref name="imdnagpur.gov.in">{{cite web |url=http://imdnagpur.gov.in/Climate_NGP.pdf |title=Climate of Nagpur – Regional Meteorological Centre Airport, Nagpur |author1=P. K. Nandankar |author2=P. L. Dewangan |author3=R.V. Surpam |date=16 December 2011 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |access-date=1 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071817/http://imdnagpur.gov.in/Climate_NGP.pdf |archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref> The underlying rock strata are covered with alluvial deposits resulting from the flood plain of the Kanhan River. In some places, these give rise to granular, sandy soil. In low-lying areas, which are poorly drained, the soil is alluvial clay with poor permeability characteristics. In the eastern part of the city, crystalline [[metamorphic rocks]] such as gneiss, schist and granites are found, while in the northern part, yellowish sandstones and clays of the lower [[Gondwana]] formations are found.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nagpur.nic.in/gazetteer/gaz1966/final_gazettee/geo.html |title=Nagpur District Gazetteer |publisher=Nagpur.nic.in |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027120818/http://nagpur.nic.in/gazetteer/gaz1966/final_gazettee/geo.html |archive-date=27 October 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Nagpur city is dotted with natural and artificial lakes. The largest lake is [[Ambazari Lake]]. Other natural lakes include [[Gorewada Lake]] and Telankhedi lake. Sonegaon and Gandhisagar Lakes are artificial, created by the city's historical rulers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bionanofrontier.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/SPECIALISSUEMANU2012VOL.5(2-I)/124.pdf |title=Avifaunal Diversity Of Nagpur City, M.S., India : Priya D. Wanjari : Santaji Mahavidyalaya, Wardha Road, Nagpur |website=Bioanofrontier.org |access-date=25 February 2017 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104310/http://bionanofrontier.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/SPECIALISSUEMANU2012VOL.5(2-I)/124.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> Nag river, Pilli Nadi, and [[stream|nallas]] form the natural drainage pattern for the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nagpurwater.com/PageMoreInfo.aspx |title=NMC Water Distribution Management Project |website=Nagpurwater.com |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> Nagpur is known for its greenery and was adjudged the cleanest and second greenest in India after [[Chandigarh]] in 2010.<ref name=TET>{{cite web |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-12-24/news/27722689_1_nagpur-growth-nucleus-second-greenest-city |title=Nagpur – Growth Nucleus of India |date=24 December 2008 |work=The Economic Times |access-date=27 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630031536/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-12-24/news/27722689_1_nagpur-growth-nucleus-second-greenest-city |archive-date=30 June 2015}}</ref>

===Climate===
Nagpur has [[tropical wet and dry climate]] (''Aw'' in [[Köppen climate classification]]) with dry conditions prevailing for most of the year. It receives about 163 mm of rainfall in June. The amount of rainfall is increased in July to 294 mm. Gradual decrease of rainfall has been observed from July to August (278 mm) and September (160 mm).<ref name="imdnagpur.gov.in"/> The highest recorded daily rainfall was 304 mm on 14 July 1994.<ref name="Highest rainfall recorded">{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1042519/report-flooding-power-cuts-after-nagpur-rains |title=Flooding, power cuts after Nagpur rains |publisher=dnaindia.com |access-date=18 July 2006}}</ref> Summers are extremely hot, lasting from March to June, with May being the hottest month. Winter lasts from November to February, during which temperatures occasionally drop to 10 °C (50 °F).<ref name="imdnagpur.gov.in"/> The highest recorded temperature in the city was 47 °C on 30 May 2024, while the lowest was 3.1 °C on 29 December 2018.<ref name=IMDextremes/>

====Extreme weather====
The average number of [[heat wave]] days occurring in Nagpur in the summer months of March, April and May is 0.5, 2.4 and 7.2 days, respectively. May is the most uncomfortable and hottest month with, for example, 20 days of heat waves being experienced in 1973, 1988 and 2010. The summer season is characterised by other severe weather activity like [[thunderstorm]]s, [[dust storm]]s, [[hail]]storms and [[squall]]s. Generally, hailstorms occur during March and dust storms during March and April. These occur infrequently (1 per 10 days). Squalls occur more frequently, with 0.3 per day in March and April rising to 0.8 per day in May.<ref name="imdnagpur.gov.in"/> Due to the heat waves in the city the [[Indian Government]] with the help of New York-based National Resources Defense Council has launched a heat wave program since March 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/govt-plans-heat-wave-programs-in-nagpur-bhubaneswar-ahead-of-summer/story-9aAVm4K1YkwM5xlDuaJ54H.html |title=Govt plans heat wave programs in Nagpur, Bhubaneswar ahead of summer |date=9 March 2016 |publisher=Hindustantimes.com |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>
{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Nagpur (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2020)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| temperature colour =
| Jan record high C = 36.6
| Feb record high C = 39.2
| Mar record high C = 45.0
| Apr record high C = 47.1
| May record high C = 47.9
| Jun record high C = 47.7
| Jul record high C = 40.6
| Aug record high C = 37.8
| Sep record high C = 38.9
| Oct record high C = 39.5
| Nov record high C = 35.6
| Dec record high C = 39.7
| year record high C = 47.9
| Jan high C = 28.9
| Feb high C = 31.9
| Mar high C = 36.4
| Apr high C = 40.6
| May high C = 43.1
| Jun high C = 38.1
| Jul high C = 31.9
| Aug high C = 30.8
| Sep high C = 32.4
| Oct high C = 33.2
| Nov high C = 31.3
| Dec high C = 29.3
| year high C =
|Jan mean C = 20.8
|Feb mean C = 23.9
|Mar mean C = 28.1
|Apr mean C = 32.3
|May mean C = 35.5
|Jun mean C = 32.1
|Jul mean C = 28.1
|Aug mean C = 27.3
|Sep mean C = 27.8
|Oct mean C = 26.7
|Nov mean C = 23.6
|Dec mean C = 20.9
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 14.1
| Feb low C = 16.0
| Mar low C = 19.7
| Apr low C = 25.1
| May low C = 28.1
| Jun low C = 26.6
| Jul low C = 24.4
| Aug low C = 23.5
| Sep low C = 23.4
| Oct low C = 21.4
| Nov low C = 17.1
| Dec low C = 13.2
| year low C =
| Jan record low C = 3.9
| Feb record low C = 5.0
| Mar record low C = 8.3
| Apr record low C = 13.9
| May record low C = 19.4
| Jun record low C = 20.0
| Jul record low C = 19.4
| Aug record low C = 18.3
| Sep record low C = 16.6
| Oct record low C = 11.6
| Nov record low C = 6.7
| Dec record low C = 3.5
| year record low C = 3.5
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 14.9
| Feb rain mm = 13.1
| Mar rain mm = 20.4
| Apr rain mm = 12.5
| May rain mm = 19.1
| Jun rain mm = 190.6
| Jul rain mm = 347.7
| Aug rain mm = 277.2
| Sep rain mm = 183.7
| Oct rain mm = 53.3
| Nov rain mm = 13.1
| Dec rain mm = 5.5
| year rain mm = 1151.2
| unit rain days =
| Jan rain days = 1.0
| Feb rain days = 1.1
| Mar rain days = 1.8
| Apr rain days = 1.4
| May rain days = 1.7
| Jun rain days = 8.9
| Jul rain days = 14.7
| Aug rain days = 13.5
| Sep rain days = 9.1
| Oct rain days = 2.9
| Nov rain days = 0.9
| Dec rain days = 0.2
| year rain days = 57.1
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 43
| Feb humidity = 34
| Mar humidity = 27
| Apr humidity = 23
| May humidity = 24
| Jun humidity = 50
| Jul humidity = 75
| Aug humidity = 78
| Sep humidity = 73
| Oct humidity = 63
| Nov humidity = 56
| Dec humidity = 49
| year humidity = 50
| Jan sun = 263.5
| Feb sun = 265.6
| Mar sun = 291.4
| Apr sun = 282.0
| May sun = 294.5
| Jun sun = 186.0
| Jul sun = 114.7
| Aug sun = 111.6
| Sep sun = 177.0
| Oct sun = 257.3
| Nov sun = 255.0
| Dec sun = 260.4
| year sun =
| Jand sun = 8.5
| Febd sun = 9.4
| Mard sun = 9.4
| Aprd sun = 9.4
| Mayd sun = 9.5
| Jund sun = 6.2
| Juld sun = 3.7
| Augd sun = 3.6
| Sepd sun = 5.9
| Octd sun = 8.3
| Novd sun = 8.5
| Decd sun = 8.4
| yeard sun = 7.6
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]] (sun 1971–2000)<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf |archive-date = 5 February 2020 |url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf |title=Station: Nagpur (Sonegaon) Climatological Table 1981–2010 |work=Climatological Normals 1981–2010 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=January 2015 |pages=523–524 |access-date = 3 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2020 |url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf |title=Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012) |publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=December 2016 |page=M147 |access-date=3 April 2020 }}
{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042602/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Daily%20Normals%20of%20Global%20%26%20Diffused%20Radiations%20%201971_2000.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2020 |url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Daily%20Normals%20of%20Global%20%26%20Diffused%20Radiations%20%201971_2000.pdf |title=Table 3 Monthly mean duration of Sun Shine (hours) at different locations in India |work=Daily Normals of Global & Diffuse Radiation (1971–2000) |publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=December 2016 |page=M-3 |access-date=5 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=IMDcityrainfall>{{cite web |url=https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?stn=42867 |title=Nagpur(42867) |publisher=India Meteorological Department |access-date=9 August 2022 |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809085837/https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?stn=42867 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=IMDcityextremes2>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230101061732/https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| archive-date = 1 January 2023
| title = Climatological Tables 1991-2020
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| access-date = 1 January 2023
| page = 21}}</ref>
| source =
| Jan uv = 7
| Feb uv = 9
| Mar uv = 12
| Apr uv = 12
| May uv = 12
| Jun uv = 12
| Jul uv = 12
| Aug uv = 12
| Sep uv = 12
| Oct uv = 10
| Nov uv = 8
| Dec uv = 7
|source 2 = Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)<ref name=TCC1>
{{cite web
| url = https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=42867
| title = Normals Data: Nagpur Sonegaon – India Latitude: 21.10°N Longitude: 79.05°E Height: 310 (m)
| publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency
| access-date = 1 December 2022}}</ref> Weather Atlas<ref name="Weather Atlas">
{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/india/nagpur-climate |title=Climate and monthly weather forecast Nagpur, India |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date = 19 July 2022}}</ref>
}}Nagpur has been ranked 15th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
=== Population ===
{{Historical population
| source = [[Census of India]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/data-visualizations/PopulationSearch_PCA_Indicators|title=Visualizations {{!}} Government of India|website=censusindia.gov}}</ref>
| 1981 | 1219500
| 1991 | 1664000
| 2001 | 2052066
| 2011 | 2405665
}}
{{As of|2011|alt=As of the}} [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Nagpur municipality has a population of 2,405,665. The total population constitute, 1,225,405 males and 1,180,270 females. The total children (ages 0–6) are 247,078, of whom 128,290 are boys and 118,788 are girls. Children form 10.27% of total population of Nagpur. The total number of slums number 179,952, in which 859,487 people reside. This is around 35.73% of the total population of Nagpur. The municipality has a [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 963 females per 1,000 males and child sex ratio of 926 girls per 1,000 boys. 1,984,123 people are literate, of whom 1,036,097 are male and 948,026 are female. Average literacy rate of Nagpur city are 91.92%. Men are 94.44% and women are 89.31% literate.<ref name="census" />
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Male
! Female
! Total Population
! Change
|-
|2001<ref>{{cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21494/download/24626/PC01_C01_27.xls |title=C-01: Population by religious community, India - 2001 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=9 February 2024}}</ref>
| style="text-align:right;" |1059765
| style="text-align:right;" |992301
| style="text-align:right;" |2052066
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|-
|2011<ref>{{cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS |title=Population Maharashtra, India - 2011 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=9 February 2024}}</ref>
| style="text-align:right;" |1225405
| style="text-align:right;" |1180260
| style="text-align:right;" |2405665
| style="text-align:right;" |17.231
|}

=== Religion ===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Nagpur City (2011)<ref name="Religion"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|69.46}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|yellow|15.57}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|11.95}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|1.88}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|dodgerblue|1.15}}
}}

[[Hinduism]] is the majority religion in Nagpur city with 69.46% followers. [[Buddhism]] is the second most popular religion in Nagpur city with 15.57% following it. Nagpur is known for the Buddhist site of [[Deekshabhoomi]]. In Nagpur city, [[Islam]] is followed by 11.95%, Christianity by 1.15%, [[Jainism]] by 0.90% and [[Sikhism]] by 0.68%. Around 0.10% stated 'Other Religion' and approximately 0.20% stated 'No Particular Religion'.<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population By Religion: Maharashtra|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in|date=2011|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

=== Language ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages in Nagpur (2011)<ref name="Language"/>
|label1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value1 = 60.63 |color1 = red
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 22.74 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 6.36 |color3 = green
|label4 = [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]] |value4 = 2.29 |color4 = peachpuff
|label5 = [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] |value5 = 1.79 |color5 = limegreen
|label6 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] |value6 = 1.16 |color6 = lightblue
|label7 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |value7 = 0.91 |color7 = purple
|label8 = Others |value8 = 4.12 |color8 = grey
}}

[[Marathi language|Marathi]] is the most-spoken language, spoken by 60.63% of the population. [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]] are the second and third largest languages, spoken by 22.74% and 6.36% of the population respectively. Other languages spoken in Nagpur include [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]] (2.29%), [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] (1.79%), [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] (1.16%) and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] (0.91%). There are also small numbers of [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Gondi language|Gondi]] speakers in the city.<ref name="Language">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population By Mother Tongue: Maharashtra (Town level)|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10253/download/13365/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2700.XLSX|website=census.gov.in|date=2011|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Administration==
[[File:Vidhan Bhavan (State Legislative Assembly) Nagpur - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Vidhan Bhavan (State Legislative Assembly) Nagpur]]
Nagpur was the capital of [[Central Provinces and Berar]] for 100 years. After the State Reorganisation in 1956, Nagpur and [[Vidarbha]] region become part of the new Maharashtra State. With this Nagpur lost the capital status and hence a pact was signed between leaders, the [[Nagpur Pact]]. According to the pact, one session of state legislature and the state legislative council takes place in [[Vidhan Bhavan, Nagpur]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1960_12/18/maharashtra_and_gujerat.pdf |title=The Economic Weekly |date=30 April 1960 |website=Epw.in |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref>{{rp|671}} Usually the winter session takes place in the city exception being in 1966, 1971 and 2018 when the monsoon session took place in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/maharashtra-assembly-to-hold-monsoon-session-in-nagpur-after-47-years-from-14-july-to-30-august-4600201.html |title=Maharashtra Assembly to hold Monsoon Session in Nagpur after 47 years, from 14 July to 30 August |website=Firstpost |date=26 June 2018 |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> Nagpur has a district court and its own bench of the [[Bombay High Court]] which was established on 9 January 1936. The city consists of six [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies namely [[Nagpur West (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nagpur West]], [[Nagpur South (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nagpur South]], [[Nagpur South West (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nagpur South West]], [[Nagpur East (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nagpur East]], [[Nagpur North (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nagpur North]] and [[Nagpur Central (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nagpur Central]]. These constituencies are part of the [[Nagpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagpur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nagpur.constituency.co.in/p/about.html |title=About |publisher=Nagpur.constituency.co.in |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202113319/http://nagpur.constituency.co.in/p/about.html |archive-date=2 February 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Municipal finance ===
According to financial data published on the CityFinance Portal of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs,<ref>{{cite web |title=Nagpur Municipal Corporation Finance |url=https://www.cityfinance.in/municipal-data/city/nagpur |publisher=CityFinance Portal, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs |access-date=17 March 2026}}</ref> the Nagpur Municipal Corporation reported total revenue receipts of ₹2,551 crore (US$307 million) and total expenditure of ₹2,267 crore (US$273 million) in 2022–23. Tax revenue accounted for about 9.0% of the total revenue, while the corporation received ₹1,677 crore in grants during the financial year.

===Local government===
{{See also|Greater Nagpur Metropolitan Area|List of localities in Nagpur}}
[[File:NIT- Nagpur Improvement Trust .jpg|thumb|NIT- Nagpur Improvement Trust]]
The Municipal Council for Nagpur was established in 1864. At that time, the area under the jurisdiction of the Nagpur Municipal Council was 15.5 km2 and the population was 82,000. The duties entrusted to the Nagpur Municipal Council were to maintain cleanliness and arrange for street lights and water supply with government assistance. The Municipal Corporation came into existence in March 1951. Nagpur is administered by the [[Nagpur Municipal Corporation]] (NMC), which is a democratically elected civic governing body. The Corporation elects a Mayor who along with a Deputy Mayor heads the organisation. The mayor carries out the activities through various committees such as the Standing Committee, health and sanitation committee, education committee, water works, public works, public health and market committee. The administrative head of the corporation is the Municipal Commissioner, an [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) officer appointed by the state government. The Municipal Commissioner along with the Deputy Municipal Commissioners, carry out various activities related to engineering, health and sanitation, taxation and its recovery. Various departments such as public relations, library, health, finance, buildings, slums, roads, street lighting, traffic, establishment, gardens, public works, local audit, legal services, waterworks, education, octroi and fire services manage their specific activities. The activities of NMC are administered by its zonal offices. There are 10 zonal offices in Nagpur – Laxmi Nagar, Dharampeth, Hanuman Nagar, Dhantoli, Nehru Nagar, Gandhi Baugh, Sataranjipura, Lakkadganj, Ashi Nagar and Mangalwari. These zones are divided into 145 wards. Each ward is represented by a corporator, a majority of whom are elected in [[local elections]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nmcnagpur.gov.in/en/about-nmc.html |title=About NMC |publisher=Nmcnagpur.gov.in |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-date=4 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204045318/http://www.nmcnagpur.gov.in/en/about-nmc.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> NMC has various departments including healthcare, education, and a fire brigade dedicated for each service and project of the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nmcnagpur.gov.in/en/departments.html |title=Departments |publisher=Nmcnagpur.gov.in |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-date=30 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130050608/http://www.nmcnagpur.gov.in/en/departments.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Nagpur Improvement Trust]] (NIT) is a local planning authority which works with the NMC and carries out the development of the civic infrastructure and new urban areas on its behalf. NIT is headed by a chairman, an [[Indian Administrative Service]] Officer appointed by the state government.<ref name="NIT Home.">{{cite web |url=http://nitnagpur.org/home.html |title=About Trust |website=Nagpur Improvement Trust |access-date=23 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417055901/http://www.nitnagpur.org/home.html |archive-date=17 April 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Since the 1990s the urban agglomeration had rapidly expanded beyond the city's municipal boundaries. This growth had presented challenges for the future growth of the city and its fringes in an organised manner. With a view of achieving balanced development within the region, the Nagpur Improvement Trust (NIT) was notified as the Special Planning Authority (SPA) for the Nagpur Metropolitan Area (NMA) and entrusted with the preparation of a Statutory Development Plan as per provisions of the MRTP Act, 1966. The notified NMA comprises areas outside the Nagpur city and includes 721 villages under 9 tehsils of the Nagpur District spreading across an area of 3,567 km2.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nitnagpur.org/pdf/Metro_Region_DP.pdf |title=Nagpur Metropolitan Area Development Plan 2012–2032 |date=February 2015 |website=Nagpur Improvement Trust, Nagpur |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> In 1999, the government of Maharashtra declared that the Nagpur Metropolitan Area shall comprise all of Nagpur city, Nagpur Gramin (rural areas near Nagpur), [[Hingna]], [[Parseoni]], [[Mauda]] and [[Kamptee]] [[Taluka]] and parts of [[Savner]], [[Kalmeshwar]], [[Umred]] and [[Kuhi]]. The boundaries of the "Metro region" around the municipal corporation limits of the city have been defined as per the notification. In 2002, the government extended the jurisdiction of the Nagpur Improvement Trust (NIT) by 25 to 40 kilometres. This new area was defined under clause 1(2) of NIT Act-1936 as "Nagpur Metropolitan Area".<ref name="Metro Region">{{cite web |url=http://www.nitnagpur.org/metro.aspx |title=Nagpur Metropolitan Area |website=Nagpur Improvement Trust, Nagpur}}</ref> [[Government of Maharashtra|Maharashtra State Cabinet]] in 2016 had paved the way for NIT to become [[Nagpur metropolitan area|Nagpur Metropolitan Region Development Authority (NMRDA)]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/NIT-to-become-NMRDA/articleshow/52099139.cms |title=NIT to become NMRDA |date=3 May 2016 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> NMRDA was notified by the [[Government of Maharashtra]] in March 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/govt-finally-notifies-nmrda/articleshow/57524541.cms |title=Govt finally notifies NMRDA |first1=Ashish |last1=Roy |date=7 March 2017 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> NMRDA has been made on the lines of [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority]]. NMRDA has been mandated to monitor development in the metropolis comprising 721 villages across nine tehsils in the district. The body is headed by Metropolitan Commissioner, an Indian Administrative Service Officer appointed by the [[Government of Maharashtra|state government]] as was with the NIT chairman.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/mudgal-holds-four-of-five-top-posts-of-the-city/articleshow/64018524.cms |title=Mudgal holds four of five top posts of the city |first1=Anjaya |last1=Anparthi |date=3 May 2018 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> Currently, NIT is the planning authority for developing projects around the city in land owned by it.<ref>{{cite news |title=MVA restores Planning Authority status of NIT |url=https://www.thehitavada.com/Encyc/2021/4/14/MVA-restores-Planning-Authority-status-of-NIT.html |access-date=14 June 2022 |work=The Hitavada |date=14 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

The Maharashtra government had appointed [[Larsen & Toubro]] (L&T) as the implementation partner to convert Nagpur into the country's first large scale, integrated, [[smart city]]. The state government had also decided to develop the city complete with five hubs, from textile centres to defence sector.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/lt-gets-maharashtra-government-contract-to-convert-nagpur-into-smart-city/articleshow/53724968.cms |title=L&T gets Maharashtra government contract to convert Nagpur into smart city |date=16 August 2016 |access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref> Nagpur was selected from [[Maharashtra]] among other cities under [[Government of India]]'s [[Smart Cities Mission]]. City was selected in the third round of selection. For the implementation of the projects under Smart Cities Mission a special purpose vehicle was formed which was named Nagpur Smart and Sustainable City Development Corporation Ltd.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Smart-City-work-begins-in-14-days-of-selection/articleshow/54685592.cms |title=Smart City work begins in 14 days of selection |first1=Anjaya |last1=Anparthi |date=4 October 2016 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref>

[[Nagpur Police]] is headed by a [[Police Commissioner]] who is of the rank of Additional Director General of Police of [[Maharashtra Police]]. Nagpur Police is divided into 5 Zones, each headed by a [[Deputy Commissioner of Police]],<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/cp-to-kick-start-five-crime-branch-units/articleshow/53481794.cms | title=CP to kick-start five crime branch units | newspaper=The Times of India | date=August 2016 }}</ref> while traffic zones are divided into eleven zones each headed by an inspector.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/nagpur-gets-new-traffic-zone-pardi/articleshow/97462253.cms?from=mdr | title=Nagpur gets new traffic zone Pardi | newspaper=The Times of India | date=31 January 2023 }}</ref> The [[Criminal Investigation Department (India)|State C.I.D Regional Headquarter]], [[Maharashtra Police|State Reserve Police Force]] and [[Maharashtra Police|Regional Police Training School]] are situated at Nagpur.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mahacid.com/organization.htm |title=C.I.D. : Organization |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-date=11 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111111804/http://mahacid.com/organization.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mahapolice.gov.in/mahapolice/jsp/temp/srpf.jsp |title=Welcome to MPD, INDIA !!! |website=Mahapolice.gov.in |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204234001/http://mahapolice.gov.in/mahapolice/jsp/temp/srpf.jsp |archive-date=4 December 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=List of State Police Training Colleges/ Academies |url=http://bpspaorissa.gov.in/pdf/lsptca.pdf |website=Biju Patnaik State Police Academy}}</ref>

===Utility services===
Originally, all the utility services of the city were carried out by NMC departments, but from 2008 onwards privatisation had started for major utility services.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/NMC-ayes-water-supply-privatisation/articleshow/1984268.cms |title=NMC ayes water supply privatisation |website=The Times of India |date=May 2007 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> The Orange City Water Private Limited (OCW), a joint venture of [[Veolia Water|Veolia Water India Pvt. Ltd]] and Vishwaraj Infrastructure Ltd., manages the water supply for the city as well as Nagpur Municipal Corporation's water treatment plants at Gorewada, all the elevated service reservoirs, ground service reservoirs, master balancing reservoirs commonly known as water tanks.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ocwindia.com/?page_id=28 |title=History – Orange City Water |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> This joint venture was established in November 2011 and was awarded the contract to execute 24x7 water supply project and operational and maintenance of waterworks for 25 years.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Double-blow-for-Orange-City-Water-Limited-as-Nagpur-Municipal-Corporation-Centre-tighten-strings/articleshow/13828881.cms |title=Double blow for Orange City Water Limited as Nagpur Municipal Corporation, Centre tighten strings |website=The Times of India |date=5 June 2012 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> Kanak Resources Management Ltd. was awarded the contract for garbage collection in the city as per Nagpur Bin Free Project in 2009 by NMC.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kanakresources.com/index.php/2013-09-10-09-41-47/nagpur-bin-free-project |title=Nagpur Bin Free Project |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-date=30 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030125951/http://kanakresources.com/index.php/2013-09-10-09-41-47/nagpur-bin-free-project |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tniusnews.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=16902:nmc-to-beautify-locations-of-earlier-garbage-bins&catid=157:public-health-sanitation-&Itemid=206 |title=NMC to beautify locations of earlier garbage bins – TNIUS, Coimbatore |publisher=Tniusnews.org |date=8 November 2010 |access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref> It was replaced by AG Enviro Infra Project Pvt Ltd and BVG India in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Proshun |title=Nagpur Municipal Corporation to lift garbage in 2 shifts after two new agencies take charge |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/nmc-to-lift-garbage-in-2-shifts-after-two-new-agencies-take-charge/articleshow/71318946.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=27 September 2019}}</ref> In [[electricity supply]], which was first managed by [[Maharashtra State Electricity Board|MSEB]] was then replaced by [[Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited|MSEDCL]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Ashish |title=MSEDCL takes over SNDL area, staffers to be recruited as well |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/msedcl-takes-over-sndl-area-staffers-to-be-recruited-as-well/articleshow/71039586.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=9 September 2019}}</ref> Nagpur Fire Brigade has nine fire stations at various locations in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nmcnagpur.gov.in/fire-brigade-department |title=Fire Brigade Department |work=Nagpur Municipal Corporation |access-date=29 July 2022 |archive-date=16 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816140654/https://www.nmcnagpur.gov.in/fire-brigade-department |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Proshun |title=Only one firefighter for 6,263 properties in Nagpur! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/only-one-firefighter-for-6263-properties-in-city/articleshow/67388949.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=5 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Proshun |title=New fire station almost ready, but where's the staff? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/new-fire-station-almost-ready-but-wheres-the-staff/articleshow/67999500.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=15 February 2019}}</ref> [[India Post]] which is a governmental postal department has two head post offices and many post offices including sub-post offices at various locations in the city and are part of the logistics services in the city along with various other private operators.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/GPO-Head-Post-Office-to-get-ATMs/articleshow/21906550.cms |title=GPO, Head Post Office to get ATMs |website=The Times of India |date=19 August 2013 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>

===Health care===
[[File:Government Medical College, Nagpur.jpg|thumb|Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur]]
{{see also|List of hospitals in Nagpur}}
NMC in collaboration with Central Government, [[State Government]], [[UNICEF]], [[World Health Organization]] and Non-governmental organisation conducts and maintains various health schemes in the city. City health line is an initiative started by [[Nagpur Municipal Corporation|NMC]] dedicated to the health of citizens of Nagpur. This includes providing computerised comparative information and action in the field to local citizens.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://ijsetr.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/IJSETR-VOLUME-2-ISSUE-5-1104-1107.pdf |title=A Decisive Study on Health Department of Nagpur Municipal Corporation (NMC), Nagpur |journal=International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research |volume=2 |date=May 2013 |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> NMC runs three indoor patient hospitals including Indira Gandhi Rugnalaya at LAD square, Panchpaoli Maternity Hospital in Panchpaoli and Isolation Hospital in Immamwada. Besides, the civic body runs three big diagnostic centres at Mahal, Sadar and also at Indira Gandhi Rugnalaya. Apart from these, NMC has 57 outpatient dispensaries (OPDs), including 23 health posts sanctioned under Union Government's schemes, 15 allopathy hospitals, 12 ayurvedic hospitals, three homoeopathy hospitals, three naturopathy hospitals and one Unani hospital.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/NMC-to-hand-over-hospitals-to-pvt-players/articleshow/10170107.cms |title=NMC to hand over hospitals to pvt players |first1=Anjaya |last1=Anparthi |date=29 September 2011 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> In 2013, [[ABP News]]-[[Ipsos]] declared Nagpur the country's best city for health care services.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sainani |first=Richa |url=http://www.zero-mile.net/4-awards-for-nagpur-for-best-city-2013 |title=4 Awards For Nagpur For Best City 2013 |publisher=Zero-mile.net |access-date=30 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102122245/http://www.zero-mile.net/4-awards-for-nagpur-for-best-city-2013/ |archive-date=2 November 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The city is home to [[list of hospitals in Nagpur|numerous hospitals]], some run by the government and some private and consists of various super-specialty and multi-specialty ones. Recently various cancer speciality hospitals providing treatment until tertiary care for cancer patients have been established in the city making it a natural medical hub for nearby areas and boosting healthcare system in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/us-institute-nangias-start-cancer-hosp-in-midc/articleshow/62907340.cms |title=US institute-Nangias start cancer hospital in MIDC |first1=Snehlata |last1=Shrivastav |date=14 February 2018 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/healthcare-global-launches-cancer-centre-in-nagpur-2299885.html |title=Healthcare Global launches cancer centre in Nagpur |website=Moneycontrol |date=8 June 2017 |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/New-cancer-hospital-aims-to-bring-affordable-care-to-region/articleshow/52963121.cms |title=New cancer hospital aims to bring affordable care to region |first1=Shakti |last1=Singh |date=29 June 2016 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> Nagpur is a health hub for Central India and caters to a large geographical area arbitrarily bounded by Delhi in the north, Kolkata in the east, Mumbai-Pune in the west and Hyderabad in the south. People from [[Madhya Pradesh]], Chhattisgarh, [[Uttar Pradesh]], Orissa, [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]] regularly come to Nagpur for their health needs.<ref name=TET/> Nagpur boasts of super-specialty physicians and surgeons<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jointreplacementclinic.com/arthritis-content.php?app=2 |title=Welcome to Arthritis & Joint Replacement Clinic |access-date=27 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816173402/http://jointreplacementclinic.com/arthritis-content.php?app=2 |archive-date=16 August 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> serving its population in both public sector government-run hospitals and well equipped private hospitals catering to all strata of society.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jointreplacementclinic.com/ |title=Arthritis & Joint Replacement Clinic |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur|AIIMS]] has also been established in [[MIHAN]], Nagpur.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Deshpande |first1=Chaitanya |title=AIIMS Nagpur is at your service |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/aiims-nagpur-is-at-your-service/articleshow/74165932.cms |access-date=14 June 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=17 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

According to 2005 National Family Health Survey, Nagpur has a fertility rate of 1.9 which is below the [[Sub-replacement fertility|replacement level]].<ref name="pdf.usaid.gov">{{cite web |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnadq634.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024031920/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADQ634.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 October 2011 |title=Health and Living Conditions in Eight Indian Cities [OD58] |access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref>{{rp|46,47}} The infant [[mortality rate]] was 43 per 1,000 live births, and the mortality rate for children under five was 50 per 1,000 live births.<ref name="pdf.usaid.gov"/> {{rp|47,48}} About 57% slum and 72% non-slum children have received all the mandatory vaccines which include [[BCG vaccine|BCG]], [[Measles vaccine|measles]] and full courses of [[Polio vaccine|polio]] and [[DPT vaccine|DPT]].<ref name="pdf.usaid.gov"/>{{rp|48,49}} In Nagpur, 78 per cent of poor children are anaemic, including 49 per cent who have moderate to severe anaemia.<ref name="pdf.usaid.gov"/>{{rp|55}} About 45% of children under five years of age and 31% of women are underweight.<ref name="pdf.usaid.gov"/>{{rp|54,55}} The poor people from the city mostly cite the reason of the lack of a nearby facility, poor quality of care and excessive waiting time for not visiting any government hospitals for treatment.<ref name="pdf.usaid.gov"/>{{rp|61}} According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) of 2015-16 for Nagpur, households having improved drinking water source is 95.3%, households having improved [[sanitation]] facility is 77.3% and households having [[clean fuel]] for cooking is 87.6%. [[Health Insurance]] coverage among households in the city are 19.5%. [[Female sterilisation]] is more prominent than male sterilisation in Nagpur. Institutional births in the city is 97%. Children below 5 years who are anaemic are 43.50%, while women and men in the age group of 15 to 49 years who are anaemic are 45.00% and 21.20%, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rchiips.org/nfhs/FCTS/MH/MH_FactSheet_505_Nagpur.pdf|title=Nagpur, Maharashtra - Key Indicators|access-date=7 May 2019|archive-date=7 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507164346/http://rchiips.org/nfhs/FCTS/MH/MH_FactSheet_505_Nagpur.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The availability of MRI scanning has also increased in the city, with tertiary hospitals and accredited diagnostic centres offering imaging for neurological, spinal and whole-body evaluations as part of routine clinical care.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Rare Neurological Manifestations of Scrub Typhus: Case Series from a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala, India|journal=Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research|date=1 January 2025|issn=2249-782X|doi=10.7860/jcdr/2025/72611.20533|first1=NR|last1=Salini|first2=T Sreena|last2=Sreekumar|first3=Sudharmma|last3=Ramakrishnan|first4=S|last4=Srikantan|first5=Jacob|last5=Antony|doi-access=free}}</ref>

===Military establishments===
[[File:Sitabuldi fort gate.JPG|thumb|Sitabuldi fort is home to [[Indian Army]]'s 118th infantry battalion.]]
Nagpur is an important city for the Indian armed forces. [[Maintenance Command, Indian Air Force|Maintenance Command]] of [[Indian Air Force]] has its current headquarters at Vayusena Nagar in Nagpur. It houses [[Mi-8]] helicopters and the IAF carriers [[IL-76]] and handles the [[maintenance, repair, and operations]] of all aircraft, helicopters and other equipment.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_command.php?pg_id=31&page_type=command&comm_id=7 |title=MAINTENANCE COMMAND |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>

The ordnance factory and staff college of ordnance factory Ambazari and National Academy of Defence Production for Group A officer of ordnance factories are in the western part of the city. [[Sitabuldi Fort]] is managed by the Uttar Maharashtra and Gujarat sub area hq.of the [[Indian Army]] and citizens are allowed to visit the premises on Republic day, Maharashtra day and Independence day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/sitabuldi-fort-open-for-public-on-maharashtra-day/04241813 |title=Sitabuldi Fort open for public on Maharashtra Day |date=24 April 2015 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>

The 'raison d'être' for Kamptee, the military cantonment, is still operational. [[Kamptee]] Cantonment houses the Officers Training Academy for [[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadets Corps]], which is the only one of its kind. It is also the regimental centre of one of the oldest and most respected regiments in the Indian Army, the [[Brigade of the Guards]]. Guards, located at Kamptee, are the only regiment in the Indian Army which have won two PVC ([[Param Veer Chakra]]), the highest gallantry awarded to soldiers for wartime operations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cbkamptee.org/ |title=Cantonment Board Kamptee |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> There are also other military establishments and a well equipped military hospital to care for the health of the armed forces personnel. The Army Postal Service centre is also operational in the cantonment since 1948, to provide training to personnel of Department of Post who volunteer themselves for the Army. Nagpur's [[National Civil Defence College]] provides civil defence and disaster management training to pupils from all over India and abroad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncdcnagpur.nic.in/institute.htm |title=NATIONAL CIVIL DEFENCE COLLEGE |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218131715/http://ncdcnagpur.nic.in/institute.htm |archive-date=18 December 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Indian Air Force's IL-76 transport planes nicknamed "Gajraj" are also based in Nagpur.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dqweek.com/nagpur-the-orange-city-set-to-shine-as-investment-hub/ |title=Nagpur the orange city set to shine as investment hub|date=11 September 2015 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>

== Economy ==
Nagpur is an emerging metropolis. Nagpur's nominal GDP was estimated to be around {{INRConvert|202438|c}} in 2023-24, making it the largest economic centre in entire central India. Nagpur district has a per-capita GDP of {{INRConvert|322927}} as of 2023-24 financial year, being the highest in the central India<ref>{{cite web|title=Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2024-24|url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s349d4b2faeb4b7b9e745775793141e2b2/uploads/2025/01/2025030788773769.pdf|website=cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in|date=7 March 2025|access-date=9 March 2025}}</ref> In 2004, it was ranked the fastest-growing city in India in terms of the number of households with an annual income of ₹10 million or more.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.co.in/money/2004/jul/15rich.htm |title=Nagpur, fastest growing crorepati city |publisher=Rediff.co.in |date=15 July 2004 |access-date=4 April 2013 |archive-date=14 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114025535/http://www.rediff.co.in/money/2004/jul/15rich.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nagpur has been the main centre of commerce in the region of [[Vidarbha]] since its early days and is an important trading location. Although, Nagpur's economic importance gradually declined relative to [[Mumbai]] and [[Pune]] after the merging of [[Vidarbha]] into Maharashtra because of a period of neglect by the state government, the city's economy later recovered.<ref name="Economic Overview Of Nagpur">{{Cite news |url=http://travelspedia.com/news/South-Asia/India/Maharashtra/Nagpur/Economic-Overview-Of-Nagpur.html |title=Economic Overview of Nagpur |date=31 December 2007 |publisher=travelspedia.com |access-date=3 July 2008 |archive-date=19 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019080849/http://travelspedia.com/news/South-Asia/India/Maharashtra/Nagpur/Economic-Overview-Of-Nagpur.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:Sitabuldi Market.JPG|thumb|Sitabuldi Market, one of the busiest commercial areas of Nagpur]]

[[File:Nagpur Reserve Bank.JPG|left|thumb|Nagpur branch of the [[Reserve Bank of India]]]]

The city is important for the banking sector as it hosts the regional office of [[Reserve Bank of India]], which was opened on 10 September 1956. The Reserve Bank of India has two branches in Nagpur, one of which houses India's entire gold assets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rbi.org.in/regionalbranch/nagpur/profile.aspx |title=Reserve Bank of India |publisher=Rbi.org.in |access-date=4 April 2013}}</ref> [[Sitabuldi]] market in central Nagpur, known as the heart of the city, is the major commercial market area.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amritt.com/india-business-guide/doing-business-in-nagpur/ |title=Doing business in Nagpur – Major cities in India |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>

Nagpur is home to [[ice-cream]] manufacturer Dinshaws,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/hjKuKrUJlZd2mQsDmsJdNN/Dinshaws-Dairy-plans-to-raise-100-million-from-PE-funds.html |title=Dinshaw's Dairy plans to raise $100 million from PE funds |first=Reghu |last=Balakrishnan |date=1 October 2015 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> Indian dry food manufacturer [[Haldiram's]], Indian ready-to-cook food manufacturer Actchawa, spice manufacturer Suruchi International,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.suruchiinternational.com/contact-us.php |title=Contact Us |website=Suruchi Spices Pvt. Ltd. |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> [[Ayurvedic]] products company [[Vicco Group|Vicco]], [[Baidyanath group|Baidyanath]], Vithoba,<ref name="Prominent companies of Nagpur">{{cite web |url=http://nagpur.nic.in/htmldocs/Welcome_to_Orange_City.pdf |title=Welcome to Orange City |publisher=National Informatics Centre, Nagpur |access-date=26 June 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060928090744/http://nagpur.nic.in/htmldocs/Welcome_to_Orange_City.pdf  |archive-date = 28 September 2006}}</ref> & Aroma,<ref name="Aroma Ayurvedic & Cosmetic Skin, Hair & Body Care Products">{{cite web |url= https://www.aromaherbalstore.com/about-aroma/ | title=About Aroma |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111128190708/http://aromaherbal.net/company.html  | archive-date = 28 November 2011}}</ref> Water Tank & Pipe manufacturing company R C Plasto <ref>{{cite web|title=Who We Are|url=https://www.plasto.in/about-us-r-c-plasto-tanks-pipes-private-limited/|access-date=27 November 2023}}</ref> and [[Explosives]] & [[Ammunition]] company Solar Industries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Solar Industries Becomes First Indian Company To Make Fully Indigenous Weaponised Drones And Loitering Munitions |url=https://bharatshakti.in/solar-industries-become-first-indian-company-to-make-fully-indigenous-weponised-drones-loitering-munitions/ |access-date=14 June 2022 |work=Bharat Shakti |date=15 November 2021}}</ref>

For centuries, Nagpur has been famous for its orange gardens in the country, hence the name "Orange City". Orange cultivation has been expanding and it is the biggest marketplace for oranges in the country.<ref name="whitelight.in">{{cite web |url=http://whitelight.in/dci-india/nagpur.pdf |title=Nagpur – Orange City |website=Whitelight.in |access-date=25 February 2017 |archive-date=11 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511053719/http://whitelight.in/dci-india/nagpur.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Maharashtra Agro Industrial Development Corporation has its multi fruit processing division called Nagpur Orange Grower's Association (NOGA) which has an installed capacity of 4,950 MT of fruits per annum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maidcmumbai.com/processed_foods_noga/about_noga |title=About NOGA |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205053419/http://www.maidcmumbai.com/processed_foods_noga/about_noga |archive-date=5 December 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Orange is also exported to various regions in the country as well to other countries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/nagpur-orange-set-for-export-first-consignment-for-sri-lanka/ |title=Nagpur orange set for export, first consignment for Sri Lanka |date=17 November 2015 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/article/markets/commodities/three-government-agencies-join-hands-to-promote-exports-of-nagpur-oranges/139876/ |title=Three government agencies join hands to promote exports of Nagpur oranges |date=23 September 2015 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Nagpur-student-to-help-orange-export-to-Netherlands/articleshow/39577218.cms |title=Nagpur student to help orange export to Netherlands |website=The Times of India |date=4 August 2014 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> Nagpur is also famous for the cotton and silk which is woven by its large [[Koshta|Koshti]] population of handloom weavers which are around 5,000.<ref name="whitelight.in"/>

Nagpur and the [[Vidarbha]] region have a very prominent power sector as compared to the rest of Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/nagpur-a-new-attraction-for-highly-skilled-professionals/07161249 |title=Nagpur – A New Attraction for Highly Skilled Professionals |date=16 July 2015 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> [[Koradi Thermal Power Station]] and [[Khaparkheda Thermal Power Station]] are two major [[thermal power station]]s located near Nagpur and operated by [[MSPGCL]]. [[NTPC Limited|NTPC]] has a super thermal power plant called [[Mauda Super Thermal Power Station]] in [[Mauda]] around 40 km from Nagpur and Vidarbha Industries Power Limited (a subsidiary of Reliance Power) is situated at [[Butibori]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Category: Maharashtra Thermal Projects |url=http://thermalpower.industry-focus.net/maharashtra-thermal-projects/89-vidarbha-industries-power-to-set-up-300-mw-2x150-mw-group-captive-thermal-power-project-at-butibori-vidarbha-industries-power-to-set-up-300-mw-2x150-mw-group-captive-thermal-power-project-at-butibori.html |title=Vidarbha Industries Power to set up 300 MW (2x150 MW) Group Captive Thermal Power Project at Butibori |publisher=Thermalpower.industry-focus.net |access-date=12 February 2017 |archive-date=2 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402052317/http://thermalpower.industry-focus.net/maharashtra-thermal-projects/89-vidarbha-industries-power-to-set-up-300-mw-2x150-mw-group-captive-thermal-power-project-at-butibori-vidarbha-industries-power-to-set-up-300-mw-2x150-mw-group-captive-thermal-power-project-at-butibori.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[File:TCS Nagpur Campus.jpg|thumb|TCS Campus in MIHAN Nagpur]]
The [[Multi-modal International Cargo Hub and Airport at Nagpur|Multi-modal International Hub Airport at Nagpur]] (MIHAN) is an ongoing project for the [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport]], Nagpur. The government of Maharashtra formed a [[special purpose entity]], [[Maharashtra Airport Development Company]], for the development of [[MIHAN]].
[[File:IT Park.JPG|thumb|left|Persistent Campus at IT Park, Parsodi]]

Prominent Information Technology companies such as [[Tata Consultancy Services|TCS]], [[Tech Mahindra]], [[HCL Technologies|HCL]], [[GlobalLogic]], [[Persistent Systems]], [[Infosys]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.infosys.com/newsroom/press-releases/Pages/commences-work-nagpur-campus.aspx |title=Infosys Commences Work on its Third Campus in Maharashtra |author=Infosys Limited |access-date=27 July 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035105/http://www.infosys.com/newsroom/press-releases/Pages/commences-work-nagpur-campus.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[T-Systems]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.t-systems.com/in/en/newsroom/news/t-systems-opens-delivery-center-at-nagpur-562326 |title=T-Systems opens Delivery Centre at Nagpur in partnership with Tech Mahindra |access-date=18 April 2023|website= T-Systems}}</ref> [[Ebix]], [[LTIMindtree]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ltimindtree.com/global-footprints/|title=Global Footprint|access-date=27 April 2023}}</ref>[[Accenture]], [[Zoho Corporation|Zoho]], [[Perficient]], Hexaware etc. are located at various IT parks in Nagpur .<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/mihan-fact-vs-fiction-or-why-this-will-be-the-states-first-genuine-smart-city/04132047 |title=MIHAN Fact vs Fiction; Why this will be the state's first genuine Smart City |date=13 April 2015 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Mihans-non-starter-companies-want-money-back/articleshow/50358473.cms |title=Mihan's non-starter companies want money back |website=The Times of India |date=29 December 2015 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=MIHAN-SEZ: Half of cos allotted land fail to start operations |url=https://www.thehitavada.com/Encyc/2022/3/20/MIHAN-SEZ-Half-of-cos-allotted-land-fail-to-start-operations.html |access-date=14 June 2022 |work=The Hitavada |date=20 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> [[Tata Advanced Systems]], erstwhile TAL Manufacturing Solutions, has its facility in the [[Special Economic Zone|SEZ]] for manufacturing structural components for [[Boeing]] and [[Airbus]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=TAL Manufacturing inaugurates Rs 100 crore aerospace facility |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/tal-manufacturing-inaugurates-rs-100-crore-aerospace-facility/articleshow/54332908.cms |access-date=14 June 2022 |work=The Economic Times |date=14 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tata Motors sells stake in TAL to TASL for Rs 625 crore |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/tata-motors-sells-stake-in-tal-to-tasl-for-rs-625-crore-179736-2019-03-31 |access-date=14 June 2022 |work=Business Today |date=31 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Arya |first1=Shishir |title=TAL delivers 25,000th floor beam to Boeing from Mihan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/tal-delivers-25000th-floor-beam-to-boeing-from-mihan/articleshow/70865483.cms |access-date=14 June 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=28 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref> [[Air India|Air India Engineering Services Limited]] and [[AAR Corp|AAR-Indamer]] have their MRO Facility in the SEZ.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/air-indias-mihan-workshop-to-be-flagged-off-next-year/article25711710.ece |title=Air India's Mihan workshop to be flagged off next year |first=Rahul |last=Wadke |website=@businessline |date=10 December 2018 |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-16/news/65525458_1_the-mro-nagpur-mro-air-india-engineering-services |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011191615/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-16/news/65525458_1_the-mro-nagpur-mro-air-india-engineering-services |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 October 2015 |title=Boeing says it's formally handed over Nagpur MRO facility to Air India |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/air-indias-nagpur-mro-ready-for-commercial-operation/article7211164.ece |title=Air India's Nagpur MRO ready for commercial operation |first=Lalatendu |last=Mishra |date=15 May 2015 |access-date=25 November 2016 |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> [[Dassault Aviation|Dassault Reliance Aerospace Limited (DRAL)]], [[Thales Group|Thales Reliance Defence System]] and pharmaceutical company [[Lupin Limited|Lupin]] also have their manufacturing facilities in [[MIHAN]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/dassult-to-roll-out-falcon-2000-business-jets-from-nagpur-in-three-years/story/318140.html |title=Inside the Reliance-Dassault factory that's making Falcon 2000 jets in Nagpur |access-date=14 June 2022 |magazine=Business Today |date=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/dassault-reliance-starts-production-says-rafale-not-part-of-immediate-plan/videoshow/67904336.cms |title=Nagpur Dassault unit starts Falcon production amid Rafale heat |date=8 February 2019 |work=Economic Times |access-date=14 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=TRDS operations resume {{!}} Lockdown: Thales Reliance Defence Systems resumes operations |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/lockdown-thales-reliance-defence-systems-resumes-operations/articleshow/75272573.cms |access-date=14 June 2022 |work=The Economic Times |date=21 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=USFDA completes inspection of Lupin's Nagpur facility, no adverse observations |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/usfda-completes-inspection-of-lupins-nagpur-facility-no-adverse-observations-4309551.html |access-date=14 June 2022 |work=Moneycontrol |date=8 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

Apart from [[MIHAN]] [[Special Economic Zone|SEZ]] the city has three prominent [[MIDC]] areas nearby.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/nagpur%20dips%2012-13.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=22 April 2019 |archive-date=14 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214114901/http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/nagpur%20dips%2012-13.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> Prominent Industries located at various industrial areas are [[Indorama Ventures|Indo Rama Synthetics]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indoramaindia.com/reachus.php |title=Reach Us – IndoRama |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> [[Gammon India|Gammon India Limited]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://transrailltd.com/contacts.html |title=Associated Transrail Structures |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116131924/http://transrailltd.com/contacts.html |archive-date=16 November 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[KEC International]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kecrpg.com/manufacturing/towermanufactuting |title=Towermanufacturing |first=KEC International Ltd – |last=India |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-date=26 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126064322/http://www.kecrpg.com/manufacturing/towermanufactuting |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Calderys|Calderys India]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.calderys.com/contact-us/find-an-office |title=CALDERYS INDIA |access-date=30 April 2019}}</ref> [[CEAT Tyres]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/ceat-commissions-new-unit-at-nagpur-plant-116032901087_1.html |title=Ceat commissions new unit at Nagpur plant |agency=Press Trust of India |date=29 March 2016 |access-date=25 April 2019 |via=Business Standard |newspaper=Business Standard India}}</ref> [[Mahindra and Mahindra]], [[Candico]],<ref name="Candico plant largest confectionary plant in India">{{cite web |url=http://www.candicoindia.com/production.html |title=Candico plant in Nagpur |publisher=Candico Ltd. |access-date=4 July 2006}}</ref> [[Pix Transmissions]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pixtrans.com/contact_us/PIX-Transmissions-Ltd.html |title=PIX-Transmissions |website=www.pixtrans.com |access-date=25 April 2019 |archive-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422181449/https://www.pixtrans.com/contact_us/PIX-Transmissions-Ltd.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[JSW Steel]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jsw.in/steel/kalmeshwar-works |title=JSW Steel |website=jsw.in |access-date=25 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308155837/http://www.jsw.in/steel/kalmeshwar-works |archive-date=8 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[ESAB|ESAB India Ltd]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vccircle.com/lt-to-sell-welding-products-unit-to-uks-esab-for-80-mn |title=L&T to sell welding products unit to UK's ESAB for $80 mn |date=12 October 2017 |website=VCCircle}}</ref> [[Johnson Lifts]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://johnsonliftsltd.com/branches/butibori/|website=johnsonliftsltd.com|title=Johnson Lifts|date=27 November 2023|access-date=27 November 2023|archive-date=30 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130054146/https://johnsonliftsltd.com/branches/butibori/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Sintex]], [[Saint-Gobain|Grindwell Norton]], [[Berger Paints|Berger Becker Coatings]], [[Horiba|Horiba India]], [[Birla Corporation|RCCPL]], [[Adani Wilmar]], [[Mother Dairy]], [[Air Liquide|Air Liquide North India]], [[Patanjali Foods]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.patanjalifoods.com/OurPlant.php|website=patanjalifoods.com|title=Manufacturing Location|date=3 December 2023}}</ref> [[UltraTech Cement]], [[Hindalco Industries]], [[Reliance Industries]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ril.com/about/manufacturing-locations|website=ril.com|title=Manufacturing Locations|date=23 February 2025}}</ref> [[Parker Hannifin]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parker.com/portal/site/PARKER/menuitem.c6722322fe697c6315731910237ad1ca/?vgnextoid=1daacab60275e210VgnVCM10000048021dacRCRD&vgnextfmt=TR&view=more|website=parker.com|title=Contact Us|date=3 December 2023}}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> [[Elkem|Elkem South Asia]] etc.

The city also has a well developed defence industry with the major [[public sector]] [[Defense industry|defense]] company, [[Yantra India]], located in the city. Also private sector defence companies such as [[BrahMos Aerospace]], Solar Industries and Economic Explosives Limited<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Negi |first=Manjeet |date=13 January 2025 |title=Devendra Fadnavis unveils advanced drone manufacturing facility in Nagpur |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maharashtra-chief-minister-devendra-fadnavis-unveils-advanced-drone-manufacturing-facility-in-nagpur-2663782-2025-01-13 |magazine=India Today |access-date=22 February 2025}}</ref> are located in the city.

The city is also fast growing as a logistics hub and houses three [[Dry port|Inland Container Depot]], one each of [[Container Corporation of India]], Distribution Logistics Infrastructure and [[Adani Group|Adani Logistics]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Adani ICD to start operations today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/adani-icd-start-operations-today-inland-container-depot-inauguration-nagpur/articleshow/105459389.cms |access-date=27 November 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=24 November 2023}}</ref>

Owing to rich natural resources in the region, mining is a major activity. Several government organisations related to the mining industry are based or located in Nagpur, which includes [[Western Coalfields|Western Coalfields Limited]] (one of the eight fully owned subsidiaries of [[Coal India]] Limited), [[MOIL (company)|MOIL]], Mineral Exploration and consultancy Limited,<ref>{{cite web |title=Mineral Exploration and Consultancy Limited |url=https://mecl.co.in/index.aspx |website=mecl.co.in |access-date=8 January 2024}}</ref> [[Geological Survey of India]] and [[Ministry of Mines (India)|Indian Bureau of Mines]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibm.nic.in/index.php?c=pages&m=index&id=97&mid=18824 |title=Controller General – |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>

==Culture==
=== Cultural events and literature ===
The city contains people from other Indian states as well as people belonging to the world's major faiths, and yet is known for staying calm during communal conflicts in India.<ref name="Deekshabhoomi largest hollow stupa">{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020317/spectrum/main5.htm |title=Celebrating a unique city |work=The Tribune |location=India |access-date=1 June 2006}}</ref> Nagpur plays host to cultural events throughout the year. Cultural and literary societies in Nagpur include [[Vidarbha]] Sahitya Sangh (for development of [[Marathi language|Marathi]]), [[Vidarbha]] Rashtrabhasha Prachar Samiti (promotion and spreading [[Hindi]]) and [[Vidarbha]] [[Hindi]] Sahitya Sammelan (for promoting [[Hindi]]). [[Marathi Sahitya Sammelan]], the conference on Marathi Literature were held twice in Nagpur city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.halbadarpan.com/ |title=Halba Darpan |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> Nagpur also hosts the annual Orange City Literature festival since 2019 and Vidarbha Literary Fest since 2020, featuring local and international authors.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/orange-city-lit-festival-promises-treats-aplenty/articleshow/72355304.cms |title=Orange City Lit Festival promises treats aplenty |date=4 December 2019 |first=Shreya |last=Tinkhede |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehitavada.com/Encyc/2020/2/9/-VLF-will-start-new-era-of-knowledge-First-Vidarbha-Literary-Festival-VLF-off-to-a-grand-start.html |title='VLF will start new era of knowledge' First Vidarbha Literary Festival (VLF) off to a grand start |website=www.thehitavada.com |language=en |access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref> Nagpur is the head office of Aadim Samvidhan Sanrakshan Samiti (working for the rights of scheduled tribes).

The [[South-Central Zone Cultural Centre]] also sponsors cultural events in Nagpur city, such as the Orange City Craft Mela and Folk Dance Festival, [[Vidarbha]] which is noted for its numerous folk-dances such as the [[human tiger]].<ref name="Cultural activities of the South Central Cultural Zone">{{cite web |url=http://sczccnagpur.nic.in/majorprograms.htm |title=Major Programs during the year |publisher=The South Central Cultural Zone |access-date=1 June 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050514084409/http://sczccnagpur.nic.in/majorprograms.htm |archive-date=14 May 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Newspapers are published from Nagpur in Marathi, English and Hindi. In addition, the [[Government of Maharashtra]] organises a week-long Kalidas Festival, a series of music and dance performances, by national level artists.<ref name="Kalidas festival in Nagpur">{{cite web |url=http://www.maharashtratourism.net/festivals/kalidas-festival.html |title=The Kalidas Festival |publisher=Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation}}</ref> [[Nagpur Municipal Corporation]] in partnership with [[Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation]] organises Nagpur Mohotsav at Yeshwant Stadium, in which many distinguish artists participate.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Cultural-feast-for-citizens-in-Nagpur-Mahotsav/articleshow/51146608.cms |title=Cultural feast for citizens in Nagpur Mahotsav |website=The Times of India |date=26 February 2016 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> The Nagpur Municipal Corporation also organises the Orange City International Film Festival (OCIFF) annually, in association with Saptak, Pune Film Foundation, Vidarbha Sahitya Sangh, and [[Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University]] (RTMNU).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehitavada.com/Encyc/2020/2/2/4th-Orange-City-International-Film-Fest-from-6th.html |title=4th Orange City International Film Fest from 6th |website=www.thehitavada.com |language=en |access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref>

The [[Nagpur Central Museum]] (est. 1863) maintains collections are mainly for Vidarbha region.
Three brothers Ghulam Ali ([[Kotwal]]), Mohammad Saaduddin ([[Subedar]]) and Mohammad Saladuddin (Minister and Kotwal) from [[Jhajjar]] are remembered as great scholars of Urdu and Persian during the reign of Maharaja Senasaheb Subha Chhatrapati Raghuji Bapusaheb Bhonsle III. They founded 'Jhajjar Bagh' at Hansapuri (Now Mominpura). In this location, they built their residence 'Aina-e Mahal', a well and a Masjid (now Masjid Ahle Hadith). 'Jhajjar Bagh' also known as 'Subedar ka Bada' was located where nowadays Mohammad Ali Road at Mominpura, Jamia Masjid, Mohammad Ali Sarai and Furqania Madrasa are located.<ref>Nagpur ka Muslim Muashra (Gondwana aur Bhonsle Aihad [1700–1845]); Vol 2 by Dr. M. Sharfuddin Sahil, Salman Fine Arts, Nagpur, 1996</ref>

In 2013 NMC erected the gigantic [[Namantar Shahid Smarak]] in memory of [[Namantar Andolan]] martyrs.<ref name=Namantar>{{cite news |title=NMC, other prominent leaders salute Bhim Sainiks who laid down their lives for 'Namantar' Movement |url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/nmc-other-prominent-leaders-salute-bhim-sainiks-who-laid-down-their-lives-for-namantar-movement/ |access-date=27 July 2013 |newspaper=Nagpur Today |date=28 May 2013}}</ref> The [[Orange City LGBT Pride March|Orange City LGBTQ Pride March]] is also held annually in Nagpur, along with the [[Nagpur LGBT Queer Carnival]] during the pride month<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/nagpur/nagpur-youngsters-celebrate-rainbow-pride-and-diversity/articleshow/64808513.cms |title=Nagpur youngsters celebrate rainbow pride and diversity |website=The Times of India |access-date=2 May 2019 |author=Vinita Chaturvedi |date=30 June 2018}}</ref>

=== Religious places and festivals ===
[[File:Diksha Bhumi.jpg|thumb|Deeksha Bhoomi]]
[[Deekshabhoomi]], the largest hollow [[stupa]], and an important place of the [[Dalit Buddhist movement|Buddhist movement]] is located in Nagpur.<ref name="Deekshabhoomi largest hollow stupa"/> Every year on the day of [[Vijayadashami]], i.e. Dussehra, followers of [[B. R. Ambedkar|Ambedkar]] visit Deekshabhoomi to mark the [[Refuge in Buddhism|conversion ceremony]] of Ambedkar and his followers in Nagpur into [[Buddhism]] that took place on 14 October 1956.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sangharakshita.org/_books/Ambedkar_and_Buddhism.pdf |title=Ambedkar.vp |website=Sangharakshita.org |access-date=25 February 2017 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924094012/http://www.sangharakshita.org/_books/Ambedkar_and_Buddhism.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> In March 2016, the Maharashtra Government ranked it as an 'A' grade tourist place.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/maha-govt-approves-grade-a-status-to-deekshabhoomi-at-nagpur-116030700854_1.html |title=Maha govt approves grade 'A' status to Deekshabhoomi at Nagpur |agency=Press Trust of India |date=7 March 2016 |access-date=25 November 2016 |via=Business Standard |newspaper=Business Standard India}}</ref> 14 April, which is the birthdate of Ambedkar, is celebrated as [[Ambedkar Jayanti]].

[[Jainism]] has a large presence in Nagpur. There are nearly 30 Jain temples. The old ones are Sengan Jain temple Ladpura, Parwarpura Jain temple, Kirana oli Jain temple, and Juna oli Jain temple. Situated in western Nagpur is also the Shri 1008 Shantinath Digamber Bhagwan temple.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jaintemple.in/temples/india/nagpur |title=Digamber Jain Temples in Nagpur – Nagpur Digamber Jain Temples -Digamber Jain Mandir in Nagpur |website=www.jaintemple.in |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref>
[[File:Gonesh..jpg|left|thumb|Shri Ganesh]]

The most famous temple in Nagpur is [[Tekdi Ganesh Mandir]], and is said to be one of the [[Swayambhu]] ("self-manifested") temples in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nagpuronline.co.in/tekdi-ganpati.php |title=Tekdi Ganpati Temple of Lord Ganesha |first=Nagpur Hotels – Cheap Hotels in Nagpur |last=India |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-date=11 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161211115501/http://www.nagpuronline.co.in/tekdi-ganpati.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sri Poddareshwar Ram Mandir Koradi Shree Mahalaxmi Jagdamba Mata Mandir, popularly known as Koradi Devi Temple, is located in Koradi City near Nagpur.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/koradi-navratri-yatra-begins-sea-of-devotees-throng-on-first-day-for-darshan-of-jagdamba/10052200 |title=Nagpur wakes up to greet Divine Koradi Devi |date=5 October 2013 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> It is one of the famous devi temples in Vidarbha. There are 51 Shakti-peeths of Devi. The Koradi Devi Temple is considered as one of the Shakti-peeths. On Navratri more than 50,000 lamps were lighted at the temple premises.

Religious events are observed in the city throughout the year. [[Ram Navami]] is celebrated in Nagpur with ''shobha yatra'' with a procession of floats depicting events from the [[Ramayana]].<ref name="Ram Mandir shobhayatra">{{cite web |url=http://www.poddareshwarrammandir.com/shobha.htm |title=About Shobha Yatra |publisher=Sri Poddareshwar Ram Mandir Website |access-date=31 December 2015 |archive-date=20 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120203453/http://www.poddareshwarrammandir.com/shobha.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> Processions are also held on important festivals of other religions such as Dhamma Chakra Pravartan Din, Vijayadashami, [[Mawlid]], [[Guru Nanak Jayanti]], [[Mahavir Jayanti]], [[Durga puja|Durga Puja]], [[Ganesh Chaturthi]] and [[Muharram]]. Like the rest of India, Nagpurkars celebrate major Hindu festivals like [[Diwali]], [[Holi]] and [[Navrati|Dussera]] with enthusiasm. Celebrations lasting for several days are held on Ganesh Chaturthi and [[Durga]] [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] festivals in virtually every small locality in the city.

[[File:Tajdin.jpg|thumb|Dargah Baba Tajuddin]]
The city also contains a sizeable Muslim population, and famous places of worship for Muslims include the Jama Masjid-Mominpura and Bohri Jamatkhana-Itwari. The most famous shrine ''(dargah)'' of [[Tajuddin Muhammad Badruddin]] is at Tajabad. Annual Urs is celebrated in great enthusiasm and unity on 26th of [[Muharram]]. Nagpur Is also called as Tajpur as the holy shirine of Sufi Saint Baba Tajuddin.

The St. Francis De Sales Cathedral is located in Sadar as well as the All Saints Cathedral church.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mh-31.com/nagpur/nagpur-places/religious-places/466-cathedral-nagpur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318164428/http://www.mh-31.com/nagpur/nagpur-places/religious-places/466-cathedral-nagpur |url-status=usurped |archive-date=18 March 2011 |title=All Saints' Cathedral, VCA, Nagpur |first=Malvika |last=Sohaney |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> There are many south Indian temples in Nagpur like Sarveshwara Devalayam, where all south Indian festivals are celebrated like Sitarama Kalyanam, Radha Kalyanam Dhanurmasa celebration with Andal Kalyanam, Balaji temple in seminary hills where every year Bramhotsavam to Lord Balaji and Lord Kartikeya is celebrated here. There are 2 Ayyapa temples, one at Ayyapa Nagar and the other at Harihara Nagar, Raghvendraswami Mutt, Murugananda Swami Temple at Mohan Nagar, Nimishamba Devi temple Subramanyiam devastanam at Sitabuldi and many more such south Indian temples are here in Nagpur as there is quite a good populations of south Indians in Nagpur.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mh-31.com/nagpur/nagpur-places/religious-places/454-sarveshwar-devalayam-nagpur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220005309/http://www.mh-31.com/nagpur/nagpur-places/religious-places/454-sarveshwar-devalayam-nagpur |url-status=usurped |archive-date=20 February 2011 |title=Sarveshwar Devalayam |first=Malvika |last=Sohaney |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Seminary Hill.jpg|thumb|Seminary Hills of Nagpur]]
Marbat Festival is a unique festival for Nagpur and is organised every year a day after the bullock festival of 'Pola'. The tradition of taking out the Marbat processions of 'kali' (black) and 'pivli' (yellow) Marbats (idols), started in 1880 in the eastern part of the city. A number of 'badgyas' (Marathi) (Meaning Mascots in English), representing contemporary symbols of evil, comprise another feature of the annual processions. This festival dates back to the 19th century when the Bhonsla dynasty ruled.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://twocircles.net/2007sep11/nagpur_keeps_alive_its_unique_marbat_tradition.html#.VoSVkvl97IU |title=Nagpur keeps alive its unique 'Marbat' tradition |website=TwoCircles.net |date=11 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Marbat-badgya-organizers-worried-over-potholes/articleshow/15498200.cms |title=Marbat, badgya organizers worried over potholes |website=The Times of India |date=15 August 2012 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>

There is a [[Parsi]] [[Zoroastrian]] Agiary (Dar-e-Meher) in Nagpur, where the Parsi New Year is celebrated by the Parsi community in Nagpur.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bombayparsipunchayet.com/file/040610314221_celebrations.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=31 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043253/http://bombayparsipunchayet.com/file/040610314221_celebrations.pdf |archive-date= 4 March 2016}}</ref>

===Arts and crafts===
The tradition of painting in Nagpur was patronised by the Royal House of the [[Bhonsle|Bhonsales]] as well as common people. Illustrated manuscripts, including of the [[Bhagavat]], Jnaaneshwari, [[Shakuntala]], and [[Bhagavad Gita|Geeta]], and the folk patachitras related to some festivals are available besides murals. The community of artists was called {{lang|mr|chitaris}} (painters), and this community has today turned to sculpt.

Textile was once an important industry in Nagpur. Good quality cotton was produced in abundant quantities thanks to a suitable soil and climate. With the introduction of the railways, cotton sales and goods transport flourished. Besides cotton textiles, silk and wool weaving was also practised in the district. Silk sarees and pagota, patka, dhoti, and borders were woven with the silk thread.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/destination/nagpur-city |title=Nagpur City |access-date=10 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151203123857/http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/destination/nagpur-city |archive-date= 3 December 2015}}</ref>

Every year Nagpur celebrates Orange City Literature Festival in the month of November.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SGR Knowledge Foundation to hold 'OCLF-2022' between Nov 18 and 20 |url=https://www.thehitavada.com/Encyc/2022/11/13/SGR-Knowledge-Foundation-to-hold-OCLF-2022-between-Nov-18-and-20.html |access-date=1 January 2024 |website=www.thehitavada.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Cuisine ===
{{See also|Haldiram's}}
[[File:Kadhi from Nagpur.JPG|thumb|Kadhi-Traditional dish of Nagpur]]
The [[Vidharbha]] region has its own distinctive cuisine known as the Varhadi cuisine or [[Saoji]] cuisine.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://food.manoramaonline.com/food/around-the-world/2018/08/06/nagpur-saoji-secret-recipe.html |title=Nagpur's 'saoji' recipe – a secret revealed |website=OnManorama |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> Saoji or Savji cuisine was the main cuisine of the Savji community.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2018/aug/18/saoji-curries-vidarbhas-spiciest-cuisine-1859153.html |title=Saoji Curries: Vidarbha's spiciest cuisine |website=The New Indian Express |date=18 August 2018 |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> This traditional food is known for its spicy taste.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.asianage.com/life/food/110818/relish-the-real-taste-of-vidarbha.html |title=Relish the real taste of Vidarbha |first=Kasturi |last=Gadge |date=11 August 2018 |website=The Asian Age |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> The special spices used in the gravy include black pepper, dry coriander, bay leaves, grey cardamom, [[cinnamon]], [[cloves]], and ample use of [[poppy seed]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sunday-chronicle/epicuriosity/130817/on-a-spice-trail.html |title=On a spice trail |first=Gaurav |last=Gidwani |date=13 August 2017 |website=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> Non-vegetarian food especially chicken and [[mutton]] are commonly eaten in Saoji establishments in Nagpur. There are numerous ''Savji bhojanalays''<ref>{{cite web |title=Saoji food in Nagpur |url=http://nagpur.joiye.com/restaurants/saoji/ |work=Joiye |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830171227/http://nagpur.joiye.com/restaurants/saoji |archive-date=30 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Restaurants in Nagpur |url=http://www.nagpuronline.co.in/dining.php |work=Nagpuronline |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213150713/http://www.nagpuronline.co.in/dining.php |archive-date=13 February 2015}}</ref> in Nagpur which are so popular in Maharashtra that the Indian chef [[Sanjeev Kapoor]] once featured Savji mutton on one of his TV shows and the recipe is listed on his website.<ref>{{cite web |title=Saoji Mutton |url=http://sanjeevkapoor.com/saoji-mutton.aspx |work=Sanjeev Kapoor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101230851/http://sanjeevkapoor.com/saoji-mutton.aspx |archive-date=1 January 2014}}</ref> Nagpur is also famous for its oranges, which have some typical qualities have recently begun to attract international attention. Numerous beverages are made out of the oranges.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://food52.com/recipes/15643-nagpur-s-famous-orange-burfi |title=Nagpur's Famous Orange Burfi |website=Food52 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> Santra Barfi is also a famous dish, arising from orange which is produced locally in Nagpur.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sunday-herald/sweet-taste-of-india-723525.html |title=Sweet taste of India |date=17 March 2019 |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> Mominpura is a majority [[Muslim]] area of the city and it is famous for its [[Mughlai cuisine|Mughal]] dishes and [[Biryani]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Mouthwatering-Mominpura/articleshow/50337029.cms |title=Mouthwatering Mominpura |first1=Barkha |last1=Mathur |date=27 December 2015 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> The city is also famous for rare black chickens called [[Kadaknath|''Kadaknath Chicken'']] which are cooked in varhadi style.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/nagpur-a-land-of-rare-black-chickens-and-an-unusual-love-of-besan/story-cbCEup8SewbLbNMXyLN6FL.html |title=Nagpur: A land of rare black chickens and an unusual love of besan |first=Kunal |last=Vijayakar |date=14 December 2018 |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref>

Nagpur is also famous for ''tarri poha'', a variety of [[flattened rice]], with a spicy chana curry and has many food joints; each having their own way of preparing and serving it.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food/food-reviews/The-most-popular-pohawalas-of-Nagpur/articleshow/28510414.cms |title=The most popular pohawalas of Nagpur |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 November 2016|last1=Jajoo |first1=Amar Ashok }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/MH-PUN-nagpur-pohe-tarri-vendor-rupam-sakhre-at-kasturchand-park-4866725-PHO.html |title=सड़क किनारे लगाते हैं पोहे की दुकान, कमाते हैं लाखों, हर साल जाते हैं वर्ल्ड टूर |work=Dainik Bhaskar |date=9 January 2015 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> [[Samosa|''Samosas'']] are also famous in Nagpur and is available at many restaurants and food spots.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food/food-reviews/The-most-popular-samosawalas-and-pakodewalas-of-Nagpur/articleshow/28519136.cms |title=The most popular samosawalas and pakodewalas of Nagpur |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 November 2016|last1=Gill |first1=Simran }}</ref> Another famous food is ''Patodi and [[Kadhi]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/No-more-patodi-kadhi-at-Tehsil-office/articleshow/8256071.cms |title=No more patodi & kadhi at Tehsil office |work=The Times of India |date=12 May 2011 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>

==Tourism==

=== Tiger reserves ===
Nagpur is surrounded by many tiger reserves and acts as a gateway, hence called Tiger capital of India.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://reacho.in/nagpur/local/nagpur-tiger-capital-of-india |title=Here's Why We Call Nagpur- The Tiger Capital Of India! |first=Shruti |last=Mendulkar |date=29 July 2017 |website=Reacho |access-date=25 April 2019 |archive-date=21 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421154910/https://reacho.in/nagpur/local/nagpur-tiger-capital-of-india |url-status=dead}}</ref> Tiger reserves such as [[Pench Tiger Reserve]] is situated around 100 km from the city and can be reached through NH44 in Nagpur [[Jabalpur]] road. [[Tadoba National Park]] is situated south of the city and is around 141 km from the city. [[Umred Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Bor Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Navegaon National Park]], [[Melghat|Melghat Tiger Reserve]] and [[Kanha Tiger Reserve]] are the other tiger reserves which are located at a radius of 200 km from the city. The city has its own reserved forest area at Seminary Hills and [[Gorewada Zoo|Gorewada]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/No-boundary-wall-to-protect-Seminary-Hills-reserve-forest-in-Nagpur/articleshow/47871779.cms |title=No boundary wall to protect Seminary Hills |first1=Times News Network |last1=June 2015 |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=30 June 2015 |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/over-3000-year-old-dagger-bangles-found-in-gorewada/articleshow/67315259.cms |title=Over 3,000-year-old dagger, bangles found in Gorewada |first1=Vijay |last1=Pinjarkar |date=31 December 2018 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/archaeology-theme-park-to-come-up-in-gorewada/articleshow/67745591.cms |title=Archaeology theme park to come up in Gorewada |first1=Vijay |last1=Pinjarkar |date=30 January 2019 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref>
[[File:Grazing Deees.jpg|right|thumb|Pench Tiger reserve]]

=== Zoos, Gardens and Lakes ===
[[Maharajbagh zoo]] is an existing zoo which is located in the heart of the city near [[Sitabuldi]] and consists of a variety of animals.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pinjarkar |first1=Vijay |title=Govt apathy pushing 125-yr-old Maharajbagh zoo towards death |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/govt-apathy-pushing-125-yr-old-maharajbagh-zoo-towards-death/articleshow/65677084.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=5 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/recognize-maharajbagh-zoo-cza-told/articleshow/68382245.cms |title=Recognize Maharajbagh Zoo, CZA told |first1=Vijay |last1=Pinjarkar |date=13 March 2019 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loksatta.com/nagpur-news/maharaj-bagh-zoo-plan-approved-by-central-zoo-authority-1856558/ |title=महाराजबाग प्राणिसंग्रहालयाला जीवदान |date=13 March 2019 |website=loksatta.com |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> [[Gorewada Zoo|Balasaheb Thackeray Gorewada International Zoological Park]] is an international [[zoo]] which has been set up beside [[Gorewada Lake]] and offers [[Wildlife Safari]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/bjp-sena-will-win-all-seats-in-vid-mungantiwar/articleshow/68661500.cms |title=BJP-Sena will win all seats in Vid: Mungantiwar |first1=Ashish |last1=Roy |first2=Vijay |last2=Pinjarkar |date=1 April 2019 |work=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|agency=PTI|date=25 January 2021|title=CM to open zoological park in Nagpur tomorrow|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/cm-to-open-zoological-park-in-nagpur-tomorrow/article33653618.ece|access-date=25 January 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
[[File:Deer Family.jpg|left|thumb|Tadoba Andhari tiger reserve]]
The city consist of various natural and man made lakes. [[Khindsi Lake]], [[Ambazari Lake]] and [[Gorewada Lake]] are the natural lakes of the city while [[Futala Lake]], [[Shukrawari Lake]], Sakkardara Lake, Zilpi Lake and Sonegaon lake are the man made lakes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nagpur.gov.in/tourist-place/lake-garden-sakkardara/ |title=Lake garden Sakkardara: – District Nagpur, Government of Maharashtra |website=nagpur.gov.in |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/The-curse-of-Sonegaon-lake/articleshow/16360263.cms |title=The curse of Sonegaon lake |first1=Barkha |last1=Mathur |date=12 September 2012 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> Futala Lake is being redeveloped as the world's second largest Lighting and Musical fountain which would be available for public show on tickets.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nagpur: Futala fountain to be named after India's nightingale Lata Mangeshkar {{!}} TOI Original – Times of India Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/toi-original/nagpur-futala-fountain-to-be-named-after-indias-nightingale-lata-mangeshkar/videoshow/93805553.cms |access-date=20 September 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The city also has various gardens which consist of [[Ambazari Lake|Ambazari Garden]], Telankhedi Garden,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehitavada.com/Encyc/2019/3/28/Of-debris-that-hurts.html |title=Of debris that hurts deep, dirty |website=www.thehitavada.com |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/residents-oppose-commercialization-of-telangkhedi-garden/06301444,%20https://www.nagpurtoday.in/residents-oppose-commercialization-of-telangkhedi-garden/06301444 |title=Residents oppose commercialization of Telangkhedi garden|website=Nagpur Today |access-date=25 April 2019}}{{Dead link|date=March 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Satpuda Botanical Garden,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nagpur.gov.in/tourist-place/satpuda-botanical-garden/ |title=Satpuda Botanical Garden – District Nagpur, Government of Maharashtra |website=nagpur.gov.in |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> Japanese Garden<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nagpurinfo.in/nagpursafaris/amusement-parks/japanesegarden |title=Japanese Garden |website=www.nagpurinfo.in |access-date=29 December 2019 |archive-date=21 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421173321/https://www.nagpurinfo.in/nagpursafaris/amusement-parks/japanesegarden |url-status=dead}}</ref> and Children's Traffic Park.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/childrens-traffic-park-reopens-to-public/articleshow/65014812.cms |title=Children's Traffic Park reopens to public |date=17 July 2018 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> Apart from gardens the city also consists of various water parks.

[[Virendra Kumar Khatik|Virendra Kumar]], Union Minister of Social justice and Empowerment 26 August 2022 announced that the central government with the help of the state government will create Maharashtra's First ever "Divyang Park" and the procedure in this endeavour has started. This park will be peculiar and will have different types of facilities for Divyangjans such as textiles pathways, smell, and touch gardens, [[sensory garden]]s, Skill training facilities, sports, rehabilitation facilities, and [[infotainment]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maharashtra's first 'Divyang Park' to be created in Nagpur |url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/infrastructure/maharashtra%27s-first-divyang-park-to-be-created-in-nagpur-74915 |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=Mumbai Live |date=28 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2022 |title=नागपुरात साकारणार राज्यातील पहिले दिव्यांग पार्क; केंद्रीय मंत्र्यांकडून मंजुरी |url=https://www.lokmat.com/nagpur/the-first-disabled-park-in-the-state-will-be-built-in-nagpur-says-nitin-gadkari-a736/ |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=Lokmat |language=mr-IN}}</ref>

=== Religious places ===
[[File:Nagpur Central Museum, Painting Gallery, Oct 2019.jpg|right|thumb|Nagpur Central Museum]]
Nagpur boasts many religious structures that hold importance for differing religious beliefs. [[Deekshabhoomi]] and [[Dragon Palace Temple|Dragon Palace]] are important religious places for [[Buddhists]] across India and the world. [[Deekshabhoomi]] is the place where B. R. Ambedkar with millions of his followers embraced [[Buddhism]] in the year 1956.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sulekha Kumbhare wants Gadkari as PM |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/kumbhare-wants-gadkari-as-pm/articleshow/68553245.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=25 March 2019}}</ref> [[Dragon Palace Temple]] is situated at [[Kamptee]] which is around {{cvt|15|km}} from the city. It also has a state of the art [[Vipassana]] centre which was inaugurated by [[President of India]] [[Ram Nath Kovind]] on 22 September 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goradia |first1=Abha |title=State-of-the-art Vipassana Centre to put city on radar of international visitors |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/state-of-the-art-vipassana-centre-to-put-city-on-radar-of-intl-visitors/articleshow/60798723.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=23 September 2017}}</ref> Other prominent religious structures include [[Ramtek|Ramtek Fort Temple]] at [[Ramtek]] which is a temple built inside a fort and is {{cvt|55|km}} away from Nagpur, Adasa Ganpati Temple located near [[Savner]] is one of the eight Ashta Vinayaks in [[Vidarbha]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/citizen-reporter/stories/adasa-temple/crshow/59855486.cms |title=Adasa temple |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> [[Tajuddin Muhammad Badruddin|Baba Tajjuddin Dargah]], Shri Shantinath Digambar Jain Mandir at [[Ramtek]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jain24.com/jain-temples/maharashtra/maharashtra-teerth-places/ramtek-maharashtra/ |title=Ramtek, Maharashtra |first=Neeraj |last=Jain |date=28 April 2015 |website=jain24.com |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> Shree Ganesh Mandir Tekdi, located near [[Nagpur Railway Station]] and one of the [[Swayambhu]] temple of [[Lord Ganesha]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/the-history-of-ganesh-mandir-tekdi-in-one-minute/09062055,%20https://www.nagpurtoday.in/the-history-of-ganesh-mandir-tekdi-in-one-minute/09062055 |title=The History Of Ganesh Mandir Tekdi In One Minute |website=Nagpur Today |access-date=25 April 2019}}{{Dead link|date=March 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sai Baba Mandir at Wardha road,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/sai-mandir-to-have-all-gold-platform-for-idol/articleshow/58634764.cms |title=Sai Mandir in Nagpur to have all-gold platform for idol |first1=Barkha |last1=Mathur |date=12 May 2017 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> Telankhedi Hanuman Temple,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/telangkhedi-temple-chhota-tajbagh-to-be-beautified/articleshow/64196582.cms |title=Telangkhedi temple, Chhota Tajbagh to be beautified |first1=Ashish |last1=Roy |date=17 May 2018 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> [[List of Swaminarayan temples|Swaminarayan Temple]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.baps.org/Global-Network/India/Nagpur.aspx |title=BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Nagpur |website=BAPS |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> Koradi Temple, located at Koradi,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://reacho.in/nagpur/local/koradi-temple-explore-nagpur |title=Explore Nagpur: The Lesser Known History Of Koradi Temple, City's Popular Shrine! |first=Manali |last=Kulkarni |date=11 October 2018 |website=Reacho |access-date=25 April 2019 |archive-date=21 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421154913/https://reacho.in/nagpur/local/koradi-temple-explore-nagpur |url-status=dead}}</ref> Shri Poddareshwar Ram Temple,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://reacho.in/nagpur/local/explore-nagpur-you-need-sri-poddareshwar-ram-mandir |title=Explore Nagpur: All That You Need To Know About Sri Poddareshwar Ram Mandir |first=Mandar |last=Pandhare |date=4 April 2017 |website=Reacho |access-date=25 April 2019 |archive-date=21 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421170311/https://reacho.in/nagpur/local/explore-nagpur-you-need-sri-poddareshwar-ram-mandir |url-status=dead}}</ref> Balaji Temple,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/balaji-temple-abuzz-with-sri-skanda-shashti-events-rituals/articleshow/66560861.cms |title=Balaji temple abuzz with Sri Skanda Shashti events, rituals |first1=Barkha |last1=Mathur |date=10 November 2018 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190508110403/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/balaji-temple-abuzz-with-sri-skanda-shashti-events-rituals/articleshow/66560861.cms |archive-date= 8 May 2019 }}</ref> Siddhivinayak Temple at Zilpi, Hingna, Shri Devguru Brihaspati Dham Kshetra Chowki, at Chowki Vangram under Sawali Bibi Gram Panchayat in Hingna, All Saints Cathedral<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allsaintscathedralnagpur.in/#/ |title=All Saints' Cathedral Nagpur |website=allsaintscathedralnagpur.in |access-date=25 April 2019 |archive-date=10 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410222116/http://www.allsaintscathedralnagpur.in/#/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> and Gurudwara Guru Nanak Darbar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/sikh-brethren-of-city-celebrate-547th-gurunanak-jayanti-with-devotional-fervour/11251958,%20https://www.nagpurtoday.in/sikh-brethren-of-city-celebrate-547th-gurunanak-jayanti-with-devotional-fervour/11251958 |title=Sikh brethren of city celebrate 547th GuruNanak Jayanti with devotional fervour|website=Nagpur Today |access-date=25 April 2019}}{{Dead link|date=March 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

===Museums===
The city also has some museums which are [[Nagpur Central Museum]] and Narrow Gauge Rail Museum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtdc.co.in/tourist/narrow-gauge-rail-museum/ |title=Narrow Gauge Rail Museum |website=Maharastra Bhraman |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> [[Raman Science Centre]] is a premium Science Centre of Central India, that has of late become a must see feature on the city's tourist landscape with many scientific experimental edutainment installations which also has a planetarium and a unique facility called the [[Science on a Sphere]] inside.

==Transport==
{{Main|Transport in Nagpur}}

[[File:Nagpur Railway Station Stitch.jpg|thumb|upright=2|Nagpur Junction Railway Station building]]

===Rail===
In 1867, the first railway in Nagpur started operations, when a portion of the Bombay-Bhusaval-Nagpur line was opened for traffic. A train service from Nagpur to [[Calcutta]] was started in 1881.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in//view_section.jsp?id=0,6,1191,1196,1683 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091150/http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in//view_section.jsp?id=0%2C6%2C1191%2C1196%2C1683 |title=About Nagpur Division of CENTRAL RAILWAY |website=Central Railway |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=5 May 2019 }} {{cite web |title=Division at a Glance: (as on 01.03.2019) |website=Central Railway |url=https://cr.indianrailways.gov.in//view_section.jsp?id=0,6,1191,1196,1683 |access-date=5 May 2019 |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118045803/https://cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?id=0,6,1191,1196,1683 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="nagpurtoday.in">{{cite web |url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/90-years-of-nagpur-station-building/01142300 |title=90 years of Nagpur station Building |date=14 January 2015 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> Today, a total of 254 trains stop at Nagpur railway station. These include [[Slow and fast passenger trains in India|Passenger]], [[Express trains in India|Express/Mail]], [[Duronto Express|Duronto]], [[Rajdhani Express|Rajdhani]], [[Garib Rath Express|Garib Rath]], [[Humsafar Express]], [[Vande Bharat Express]] trains. Of these 65 are daily trains and 22 terminate/originate from Nagpur. Almost 160,000 passengers patron [[Nagpur Junction railway station|Nagpur Railway Station]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Here's what the free Wi-Fi commitment to Indian Railways probably costs Google |first=Nash |last=David |date=29 September 2015 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/tech/news-analysis/heres-what-the-free-wi-fi-commitment-to-indian-railways-probably-costs-google-3671957.html |website=Tech2 |access-date=5 May 2019}}</ref> It is one of the oldest and busiest stations in India, and was inaugurated in its present on 15 January 1925 by the then Governor Sir Frank.<ref name="nagpurtoday.in"/> Apart from the Nagpur railway station, [[Ajni railway station]] and [[Itwari railway station]] are the important stations in the city. Other railway stations in the city include Motibagh, Kamptee, Kalamna, Khapri and Godhani. Nagpur-Ajni rail route which is just {{cvt|3|km|spell=in}} long, is the shortest train run in [[Indian Railways]] primarily meant for crew to travel from Nagpur station to the workshop at Ajni.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/indian-railways-10-interesting-facts_789718.html |title=Indian Railways – 10 Interesting Facts |date=25 July 2012 |website=Zee News |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>

The city is the divisional headquarters for the [[Central Railway (India)|Central Railway]] and [[South East Central Railway]] [[Indian Railways#Railway zones|Zone]] of [[Indian Railways]]. Nagpur is a city with two divisional headquarters, a rare distinction it shares with Lucknow, which has headquarters for two different divisions in [[Northern Railway Zone (India)|Northern Railway zone]] and [[North Eastern Railway (India)|North Eastern Railway zone]].

===Nagpur Metro Rail===
[[File:Nagpur-Metro.webp|thumb|Nagpur Metro]]
[[Nagpur Metro]] is a rapid transit system of the city which is operated by [[Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited]] (erstwhile Nagpur Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.) and started its operations on 8 March 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.latestly.com/india/news/nagpur-metro-flagged-off-by-pm-narendra-modi-to-be-open-for-public-from-march-8-681132.html |title=Nagpur Metro Flagged Off by PM Narendra Modi, To Be Open For Public From March 8 |date=7 March 2019 |website=Latestly |language=en |access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> Full-fledged operation of the Phase I was inaugurated by [[Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] on 11 December 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=PM Narendra Modi buys Rs 20 ticket, 'inspires' co-passengers|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/modi-buys-rs20-ticket-inspires-co-passengers-during-metro-ride/articleshow/96155495.cms |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=The Times of India|date=12 December 2022 }}</ref> On 1 January 2023, Nagpur Metro made the record for single-day ridership of 2,02,608 passengers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Year rush: Nagpur's Majhi Metro records 2 lakh ridership mark on Day One |url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/new-year-rush-nagpurs-majhi-metro-records-2-lakh-ridership-mark-on-day-one/01021033 |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=www.nagpurtoday.in|date=2 January 2023 }}</ref> Construction of Phase II has also started.<ref>{{cite web|date=15 February 2023|access-date=18 April 2023|title=Nagpur metro work begins on 43-km phase 2 connecting satellite cities|url=https://www.constructionworld.in/transport-infrastructure/metro-rail-and-railways-infrastructure/nagpur-metro-work-begins-on-43-km-phase-2-connecting-satellite-cities/39246|website= Construction World}}</ref> The social impact of the project has also been discussed in literature. Journalist [[Sarita Kaushik]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=exchange4media |date=2022-09-05 |title=Sarita Kaushik appointed Deputy Executive Editor, ABP Majha - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/people-movement-news/sarita-kaushik-appointed-deputy-executive-editor-abp-majha-122224.html |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |language=en}}</ref>, in her book ''Better Than the Dream: A People's Story'', describes the Nagpur Metro as an example of urban infrastructure shaping everyday mobility and social life in the city.<ref>{{cite book
|last=Kaushik
|first=Sarita
|title=Better Than the Dream: A People's Story
|publisher=Kautilya Books
|isbn=978-93-90885-43-5
}}</ref>

=== Nagpur broad-gauge Metro Rail ===
The [[Nagpur broad-gauge Metro]] is a commuter rail project planned Nagpur and extending up to adjacent districts of [[Wardha]] and [[Bhandara district|Bhandara]]. The project is estimated to cost [[Indian rupee|INR]] 4.18 billion and consists of four routes, each originating from Nagpur and terminating at [[Narkhed]], [[Ramtek]], [[Wardha]] and [[Bhandara (city)|Bhandara]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urbantransportnews.com/nagpur-broad-gauge-metro-project-information-tenders-routes-updates/ |title=Nagpur Broad Gauge Metro: Project information, tenders, routes & updates |website=Urban Transport News |language=en |access-date=10 February 2020 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217123414/https://www.urbantransportnews.com/nagpur-broad-gauge-metro-project-information-tenders-routes-updates/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Road===
[[File:MakeInIndia-NMPL-Scania-Ethanol.jpg|alt=|thumb|Green Bus in Nagpur]]
Nagpur is a major junction for roadways as India's two major [[National highways of India|national highways]], Srinagar-Kanyakumari ([[National Highway 44 (India)|National Highway 44]]) and Mumbai-Kolkata ([[National Highway 53 (India)|National Highway 53]]) pass through the city.<ref name=index04052006>{{Cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/story/3713.html |title=Nagpur stakes claim to lead boomtown pack |last=Deshpande |first=Vivek |work=The Indian Express |location=India |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=22 June 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929125003/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/3713.html |archive-date=29 September 2007}}</ref> [[National Highway 47 (India)|National Highway 47]] connects Nagpur to [[Bamanbore]] in [[Gujarat]]. Nagpur is at the junction of two [[Asian Highway Network|Asian Highways]] namely [[AH43]] [[Agra]] to [[Matara, Sri Lanka]] and [[AH46]] connecting [[Kharagpur, West Bengal|Kharagpur]], India to [[Dhule]], India. The highway to Mumbai via [[Aurangabad]], a shorter route, was re-built on the national highway basis. This highway significantly reduces the distance travelled by [[National Highway 6 (India)|NH 6]] and [[National Highway 3 (India)|NH 3]] between two cities. In 2009, [[NHAI]] announced the extension of the existing [[NH 204]] to Nagpur via [[Kolhapur]]-[[Sangli]]- [[Solapur]]-[[Tuljapur]]-[[Latur]]-[[Nanded]]-[[Yavatmal]]-[[Wardha]] and connecting it to the [[National Highway 7 (India, old numbering)|NH-7]] at [[Butibori]] near Nagpur. The entire NH 204 highway has been included in the national highway mega projects for upgradation to 4-lanes,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lokmat.com/kolhapur/nagpur-ratnagiri-highway-three-storied-shoot-out-land-acquisition-kolhapur/ |title=भूसंपादनाचा तिढा सुटेना नागपूर-रत्नागिरी महामार्ग : दीड वर्षात कोल्हापुरात गुंठाभरही जमिनीचा ताबा नाही |author=Lokmat News Network |date=13 October 2018 |website=Lokmat |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> which is now completed. One more national highway [[National Highway 547 (India)|NH-547]] [[Savner]]-[[Chhindwara]]-[[Narsinghpur]] has connected with NH 47 at Savner near Nagpur providing another optional connectivity with the northern part of India.

[[Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation]] (MSRTC) runs cheaper transport service for intercity, interstate, and intrastate travel. It has two bus stations in Nagpur: Nagpur Bus Sthanak (CBS-1) at Ganeshpeth and MorBhawan (CBS-2) at Jhansi Rani Square, Sitabuldi. It operates 1600 daily services from CBS-1 to long and short distances within the state and to places in other surrounding states. It also operates 750 daily services from CBS-2 to short distances within [[Vidarbha]].

The [[Nagpur Municipal Corporation]] through its bus operators (three red and one green) plies 487 buses, by which over 160,000 people commute. The city bus operation is named as ''[[Nagpur Mahanagar Parivahan Limited|Aapli Bus]]'' (your bus).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Anparthi |first1=Anjaya |title=Now, commuters can track NMC buses through app |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Now-commuters-can-track-NMC-buses-through-app/articleshow/55777364.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=4 December 2016}}</ref> The operators consist of [[diesel fuel|diesel]], [[ethanol]] and [[CNG]] run buses.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Proshun |title=Nagpur: Nitin Gadkari rolls out city's first CNG bus |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/nagpur-nitin-gadkari-rolls-out-citys-first-cng-bus/articleshow/68232563.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=2 March 2019}}</ref> A total of 5,500 trips of 123 routes are covered by city buses. A common mobility card, called MAHA-CARD, has also been issued which will help people commute with buses and the metro rail.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/NMC-refuses-action-against-city-bus-operator/articleshow/8068457.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129124921/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-24/nagpur/29468719_1_bus-operator-corporators-vansh-nimay-infratech |url-status=live |archive-date=29 November 2011 |location=India |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=NMC refuses action against city bus operator |date=24 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://urbantransportnews.com/maha-cm-unveils-common-mobility-card-maha-card-in-nagpur/ |title=Maha CM unveils common mobility card 'MAHA-CARD' in Nagpur |work=Urban Transport News |date=28 February 2019 |access-date=27 April 2019 |archive-date=27 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427063207/https://urbantransportnews.com/maha-cm-unveils-common-mobility-card-maha-card-in-nagpur/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> A Green bus project featuring India's first [[ethanol]]-powered buses was established in August 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/global-warming/Nagpur-gets-Indias-first-ethanol-run-bus/articleshow/40858005.cms |title=Nagpur gets India's first ethanol-run bus |work=The Times of India |date=24 August 2014 |access-date=10 February 2016}}</ref>

Nagpur is connected directly with [[Shirdi]] with the help of [[Mumbai–Nagpur Expressway]], since December 2021.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Kukreja, Sahil|title=PM Modi inaugurates 'Samruddhi Mahamarg' Mumbai-Nagpur expressway: How it'll benefit car owners|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/news/pm-modi-inaugurates-samruddhi-mahamarg-mumbai-nagpur-expressway-how-itll-benefit-car-owners/articleshow/96146928.cms|work=The Times of India|date=11 December 2022|access-date=11 December 2022|language=en}}</ref> After the expressway gets fully completed by December 2023, Nagpur will be directly connected with the state capital, [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite news|author1=Phadke, Manasi|title=Shinde govt targets Dec 2023 finish for Nagpur-Mumbai Expressway, just ahead of state & LS polls|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/shinde-govt-targets-dec-2023-finish-for-nagpur-mumbai-expressway-just-ahead-of-state-ls-polls/ar-AA18cVqh?PC=EMMX01|work=The Print|date=4 March 2023|access-date=11 March 2023|language=en}}</ref> Other expressways which will link Nagpur in the coming years are [[Nagpur–Goa Expressway]], [[Nagpur–Hyderabad–Bengaluru Expressway]] and [[Hyderabad–Indore Expressway|Hyderabad–Nagpur–Indore Expressway]].

Other local transport include [[Autorickshaws]] and private taxi operators under [[Ola Cabs]] and [[Uber]] cabs.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pinjarkar |first1=Vijay |title=Autowallahs, families accuse Gadkari of giving free run to app-based taxis |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/autowallahs-families-accuse-gadkari-of-giving-free-run-to-app-based-taxis/articleshow/68841124.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=12 April 2019}}</ref>

===Air transport===
[[File:NagpurAirport.JPG|thumb|left|Nagpur [[Multi-modal International Cargo Hub and Airport at Nagpur|International Airport]] has the busiest air traffic control room in India.]]

[[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport]] {{airport codes|NAG|VANP}} is operated by [[MIHAN|Mihan India Private Limited (MIPL)]] and owned by [[Airports Authority of India]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/nagpur-airport-fully-taken-over-by-mihan-india/09021100 |title=Nagpur airport fully taken over by Mihan India |work=Nagpur Today |date=2 September 2017 |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref>

Nagpur's [[Air Traffic Control]] (ATC) is the busiest in India, with more than 300 flights flying over the city every day in 2004.<ref name=ibef29052004>{{cite web |url=http://www.india-now.org/artdisplay.aspx?cat_id=391&art_id=2434 |title=Nagpur: South Asia's emergent hub |publisher=The India Brand Equity Foundation |access-date=4 July 2006}}</ref> In October 2005, Nagpur's Sonegaon Airport was declared an international airport and was renamed [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport]].<ref name=hindu15102005>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/15/stories/2005101517631500.htm |title=Nagpur Airport being renamed |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=15 October 2005 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140204035816/http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/15/stories/2005101517631500.htm |archive-date= 4 February 2014 |url-status= dead}}</ref>

Nagpur is well connected by direct flights to [[Mumbai]], [[New Delhi]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Lucknow]], [[Kolkata]], [[Bangalore]], [[Pune]], [[Indore]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Goa]], [[Nashik]], [[Kishangarh]], [[Belgaum]], [[Nanded]] and [[Aurangabad]] along with an indirect flight to [[Thiruvananthapuram]] via [[Pune]]. These flights are operated by [[Air India]], [[IndiGo]] and [[Star Air (India)|Star Air]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/industry/aviation/story/go-air-offers-international-connecting-flights-for-as-low-as-rs-7000-check-out-details-183105-2019-04-09 |title=Go Air offers international connecting flights for as low as Rs 7,000; check out details |magazine=Business Today |date=9 April 2019 |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://zeenews.india.com/aviation/star-air-launches-first-direct-flight-between-belagavi-and-nagpur-reduces-travel-time-to-1-hour-2454263.html |title=Star Air launches first direct flight between Belagavi and Nagpur |access-date=14 June 2022 |work=Zee News |date=16 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=अहमदाबादसाठी नागपुरातून दोन उड्डाणे |url=https://www.lokmat.com/nagpur/two-flights-nagpur-ahmedabad/ |access-date=10 August 2019 |work=Lokmat |date=1 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/nashik-airport-extends-it-s-network-to-3-new-cities-101678988543348.html | title=Nashik airport extends {{as written|i|t's [sic]}} network to 3 new cities | date=16 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2023/apr/01/indigos-daily-service-on-thiruvananthapuram-nagpur-sector-commences-2561474.html| title=Indigo's daily service on Thiruvananthapuram-Nagpur sector commences|website=The New Indian Express | date=18 April 2023 }}</ref> [[Air Arabia]] operates a four times a week to and fro flight between Nagpur and [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]] and [[Qatar Airways]] operates a daily direct flight to and from [[Doha]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anna.aero/2015/12/07/qatar-airways-resumes-nagpur-service-near-seven-year-hiatus/ |title=Qatar Airways resumes Nagpur service near seven-year hiatus |first=George |last=Says |date=7 December 2015 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>

The Nagpur Airport has received Special Achievement Award 2012–2013 from [[Airports Authority of India]]. Nagpur became the first airport in India to commission the INDRA system and also has [[Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast|ADS-B]] system. No other airport in the country had commissioned INDRA yet.<ref>{{cite web |title=AAI achievement award for Nagpur airport |first=Aparna |last=Nair |date=3 April 2013 |website=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/AAI-achievement-award-for-Nagpur-airport/articleshow/19370637.cms?referral=PM |access-date=5 May 2019}}</ref> Nagpur Airport became the first airport in the country to receive an [[ISO 27000]] certificate. In fact, Nagpur is not only the first in India but also the first in world to be certified for [[Air navigation service provider]] (ANSP). There are seven airports in the world which have ISO 27000, but none of them have it for ANSP.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nair |date=16 April 2013 |first=Aparna |title=Nagpur AAI officials to train Mumbai and Delhi staff for acquiring ISO 27000 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Nagpur-AAI-officials-to-train-Mumbai-and-Delhi-staff-for-acquiring-ISO-27000/articleshow/19582681.cms?referral=PM |work=The Times of India |access-date=5 May 2019}}</ref>

The [[government of India]] has identified Nagpur Airport as one of the safe airports for diverted flights and [[emergency landing]]. In fact, many flights have used the airport during emergencies. This is because all international and domestic airlines had already been informed by the government to go to Nagpur during emergencies. The availability of excellent fire fighting equipment, air traffic control equipment with latest radar, along with availability of good hospitals and hotels in the city, made the airport a good choice during emergencies.<ref>{{cite web |title=In emergency, head to Nagpur airport |website=The Times of India |first=Sachin |last=Dravekar |date=16 December 2008 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/In-emergency-head-to-Nagpur-airport/articleshow/3848281.cms?referral=PM |access-date=5 May 2019}}</ref>

Nagpur Airport has an annual capacity of 1 million passengers, but it handles more passengers than its capacity.<ref name="financialexpress.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/airlines-aviation/nagpur-airport-expansion-contract-to-be-awarded-soon/1176196/ |title=Nagpur airport expansion contract to be awarded soon |date=22 May 2018 |website=financialexpress.com |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> Airport expansion and improvement of service is in the cards and privatisation of the airport has been proposed by the government.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://reacho.in/nagpur/local/nagpur-airport-privatisation |title=Bidding For Nagpur Airport Privatisation Starts; GMR Is The Highest Bidder |first=Sumaiya |last=Sheikh |date=1 October 2018 |website=Reacho |access-date=25 April 2019 |archive-date=24 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424184403/https://reacho.in/nagpur/local/nagpur-airport-privatisation |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Education==
{{see also|List of educational institutions in Nagpur}}
[[File:College of Agriculture, Nagpur.jpg|thumb|College of Agriculture, Nagpur]]

Nagpur is a major education hub in Central India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lokmat.com/nagpur/nagpur-became-hub-high-and-technical-education/ |title=नागपूर बनले उच्च आणि टेक्निकल शिक्षणाचे हब |author=Lokmat News Network |date=3 April 2019 |website=Lokmat |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref>

There are two types of schools in the city. [[Nagpur Municipal Corporation|NMC]] (government) run schools and private schools run by trusts. These schools follow the [[10+2+3 plan|10+2+3/4 plan]] (15 years of schooling leading to the first degree), the first ten years constituting school education consisting of four years primary level, three years of upper primary level and three years of high school level with a public examination at the end of tenth class and 12th class constituting the Secondary and Higher Secondary Board Examination, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mpsp.maharashtra.gov.in/SITE/Information/elementaryEducation.aspx?ID=1 |title=Welcome to MPSP |website=Mpsp.maharashtra.gov.in |access-date=25 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014150338/https://mpsp.maharashtra.gov.in/SITE/Information/elementaryEducation.aspx?ID=1 |archive-date=14 October 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This is followed by either a general degree course in a chosen field of study or a professional degree course, such as law, engineering and medicine. These schools are governed by either of the following boards: [[Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education]], [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] (CBSE), [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education]] (ICSE), [[International General Certificate of Secondary Education]] (IGCSE) and [[International Baccalaureate]] (IB).

Admission to professional graduation colleges in Nagpur is through [[Maharashtra Health and Technical Common Entrance Test|MHT-CET]], [[Joint Entrance Examination – Main|JEE (Main)]], [[Common Admission Test|CAT]], [[Common Law Admission Test|CLAT]], [[Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering|GATE]], [[Common Management Admission Test|CMAT]], [[Graduate Management Admission Test|GMAT]], [[Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test|GPAT]] and [[National Eligibility and Entrance Test|NEET]].

Nagpur has five state universities: [[Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University]] (founded in 1923 as Nagpur University, one of the oldest in the country<ref name="one of the oldest">{{cite web |url=http://www.rcert.ac.in/nag-uni.htm |title=Nagpur University |publisher=Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering, Research, and Technology website |access-date=12 August 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060907150954/http://www.rcert.ac.in/nag-uni.htm  |archive-date = 7 September 2006}}</ref> and having more than 400 affiliated colleges),<ref name="Colleges Affiliated to Nagpur University">{{cite web |url=https://studentsregistration.nagpuruniversity.ac.in/RTMNU/Images/List_of_Colleges_Affiliation_2024-25.pdf |title=Affiliation granted for 2024-25 |publisher=Nagpur University |access-date=23 March 2025 |archive-date=23 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323103831/https://studentsregistration.nagpuruniversity.ac.in/RTMNU/Images/List_of_Colleges_Affiliation_2024-25.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University]], [[Kavikulaguru Kalidas Sanskrit University]], [[Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur|Maharashtra National Law University]] & [[Laxminarayan Innovation Technological University]] and one private university, [[Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management|Ramdeobaba University (RBU)]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ramdeobaba College of Engineering now becomes University |url=https://www.thehitavada.com/Encyc/2024/4/24/Ramdeobaba-College-of-Engineering-now-becomes-University.html |access-date=30 June 2024 |work=The Hitavada |date=24 April 2024}}</ref> [[Symbiosis International University]] also has its campus in the city <ref>{{cite news |last1=Choudhari |first1=Abhishek |title=Nagpur will be Cambridge of East: Symbiosys founder |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/nagpur-will-be-cambridge-of-east-symbiosys-founder/articleshow/70424364.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=29 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ganjapure |first1=Vaibhav |title=Symbiosis opens its 2nd biggest campus in Ngp, to start classes from July |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/symbiosis-opens-its-2nd-biggest-campus-in-ngp-to-start-classes-from-july/articleshow/68981839.cms |access-date=10 August 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=22 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.siu.edu.in/symbiosis-nagpur-campus.php | title=Symbiosis International (Deemed University) }}</ref>

Nagpur has five government medical colleges, [[Government Medical College (Nagpur)|Government Medical College]], [[Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur]], Government Dental College, Government Ayurvedic College & [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur|All India Institute of Medical Sciences]], and one private medical college, [[N.K.P. Salve Institute of Medical Sciences]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nkpsims.edu.in/ |title=NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences And Research Center |website=nkpsims.edu.in |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.med-edu.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%B5-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87-2.pdf|title = महाराष्ट्र शासन:रुग्णालय व वैद्यकीय महाववद्यालये|publisher= Directorate of Medical Education and Research, Government of Maharashtra | access-date=18 April 2023}}</ref> Medical colleges in the city are affiliated to [[Maharashtra University of Health Sciences]] while [[All India Institutes of Medical Sciences|AIIMS]] is an autonomous medical university.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur |url=https://aiimsnagpur.edu.in/ |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=aiimsnagpur.edu.in}}</ref>

[[File:VNIT Nagpur main.jpg|thumb|VNIT Nagpur]]

[[File:RSTM Nagpur University.jpg|thumb|left|RSTM Nagpur University Campus]]
Most engineering colleges in the city are affiliated with [[Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University]]. [[Government Polytechnic, Nagpur]] (established 1914) is one of the oldest polytechnic in India. [[Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology]], located in the city, is the only [[National Institutes of Technology|NIT]] in Maharashtra. [[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Nagpur|Indian Institute of Information Technology]] has been established as a [[Public–private partnership|PPP]] with [[Tata Consultancy Services|TCS]] and Ceinsys (erstwhile ADCC Infocad) as industry partners in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Ngp-Pune-IIITs-fees-fixed-at-Rs90k-per-yr/articleshow/51031539.cms |title=Ngp, Pune IIITs fees fixed at Rs90k per yr |first1=Vaibhav |last1=Ganjapure |date=18 February 2016 |website=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/iiit-nagpur-gets-130-more-seats-for-new-session/articleshow/59276279.cms |title=IIIT-Nagpur gets 130 more seats for new session |first1=Vaibhav |last1=Ganjapure |date=23 June 2017 |work=The Times of India |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> A Government College of Engineering started in the academic year 2016-17.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gcoen.ac.in/|title=GCoE, Nagpur|website=www.gcoen.ac.in}}</ref> National Fire Service College, under the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] is also located in the city which was established in the year 1957.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://nfscnagpur.nic.in/Page/History.aspx | title=History : National Fire Service College | access-date=29 March 2023 | archive-date=29 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329190134/http://nfscnagpur.nic.in/Page/History.aspx | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehitavada.com/Encyc/2019/11/30/Country-s-first-fixed-fire-fighting-installation-lab-inaugurated-at-NFSC.html | title=Country's first fixed fire fighting installation lab inaugurated at NFSC }}</ref>

Nagpur has two major law schools, [[Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur|Maharashtra National Law University]], a [[National Law Universities|National Law University]] established in 2016 and Department of Law, [[Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University|Nagpur University]]. Further many private law colleges, mostly affiliated to [[Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University|Nagpur University]], also offer legal education in the city.

Nagpur has two major management institutes, [[Indian Institute of Management Nagpur|Indian Institute of Management]] established in 2015 and [[Institute of Management Technology, Nagpur|Institute of Management Technology]], private management college, established in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=8 May 2022 |title=President Kovind inaugurates new campus of IIM in Nagpur |url=https://theprint.in/india/president-kovind-inaugurates-new-campus-of-iim-in-nagpur/947343/ |access-date=2 September 2022 |website=ThePrint |language=en}}</ref> College of Agriculture is an old college in the city and was one of the first five agriculture colleges in the country founded in 1906 by the then British Government.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pdkv.ac.in/ |title=College of Agriculture, Nagpur eg |access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref>

Nagpur also has other centrally funded institutes like [[National Power Training Institute]], [[Central Institute for Cotton Research]], [[Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research]], [[Central Power Research Institute]], [[National Academy of Direct Taxes]], [[National Civil Defence College]], [[National Research Centre for Citrus]], [[Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organisation]], Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Intellectual Property Management,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ipindia.gov.in/rgniipm.htm| title=Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Intellectual Property Management| publisher= Intellectual Property India|access-date=27 April 2023}}</ref> Jawaharlal Nehru Aluminium Research Development and Design Centre (JNARDDC),<ref>{{cite web |title=Jnarddc_Logo Jawaharlal Nehru Aluminium Research Development & Design Centre |url=http://www.jnarddc.gov.in/ |website=.jnarddc.gov.in |access-date=8 January 2024}}</ref> National Institute of Miners’ Health (NIMH),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nimh.gov.in |title=National Institute of Miners' Health (NIMH), Nagpur |website=nimh.gov.in |access-date=8 January 2024}}</ref> [[National Disaster Response Force| National Disaster Response Force Academy]], [[National Academy of Defence Production]] and [[National Environmental Engineering Research Institute]].

Nagpur also has an [[IGNOU]] and [[YCMOU]] regional centre.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rcnagpur.ignou.ac.in/ |title=Welcome to IGNOU Nagpur Regional Centre |publisher=Rcnagpur.ignou.ac.in |access-date=4 April 2013}}</ref>

==Media==
[[Lokmat]] ''[[Marathi language|Marathi-language]] newspaper published in [[Maharashtra]], India. Founded in 1971 by [[Jawaharlal Darda]], it is the largest read Marathi-language newspaper in India. and has presence in print, digital, TV and events.''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Devendra Darda elected ABC chairman for year 2020-21 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/economy/devendra-darda-elected-abc-chairman-for-year-2020-21-6593729/ |work=The Indian Express |date=13 September 2020 |access-date=14 June 2025}}</ref> ''[[The Hitavada]]'' is the largest selling broadsheet English daily newspaper of Central India. It was founded in 1911 by freedom fighter [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]] in Nagpur.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2011 |title=Gokhale's newspaper 'Hitavada' turns 100 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/133816/gokhales-newspaper-hitavada-turns-100.html |access-date=20 September 2022 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> Other English dailies circulated in the city include ''[[The Times of India]]'', ''[[The Indian Express]]'', ''[[The Economic Times]]'' and ''[[Lokmat Times]]''. Marathi dailies circulated in city are ''Nava Rashtra'', ''[[Sakal]]'', ''[[Tarun Bharat]]'', ''Deshonatti'', ''[[Maharashtra Times]]'', ''Punya Nagari'', ''Lokshahi'', ''[[Divya Marathi]]'' and ''[[Loksatta]]''. [[Hindi]] newspapers such as ''[[Nava Bharat]]'', ''[[Dainik Bhaskar]]'' and ''[[Lokmat Samachar]]'' are also circulated. ''Employment News'', which is published weekly, is also circulated in Hindi, English and Urdu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://employmentnews.gov.in/about_us.asp |title=Welcome to Employment News ::- Govt. Jobs, Jobs in India, Vacancy in Govt. Sector, Career in Govt. Sector |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> Online news portal such as ''Nagpur Today''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/|title=Nagpur Today: City No 1 eNewspaper for Nagpur Latest News|website=Nagpur Today|access-date=18 April 2023}}</ref> and ''The Live Nagpur''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thelivenagpur.com/|title=The Live Nagpur|website=The Live Nagpur|access-date=18 April 2023}}</ref> are also available with special focus on local news.

[[All India Radio]] is the oldest radio broadcaster in the city and has its office in the Civil Lines area. [[Vividh Bharati]], the entertainment radio station, and [[Gyan Vani]], the educational radio station, are the FM radio stations of [[All India Radio]] and are available in the frequency 100.6 FM & 107.8 FM, respectively.<ref>[http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Oppurtunities/Tenders/Documents/VIVIDH%20BHARATI%20FM%20Service.pdf Get Apps Prasar Bharati]</ref> Other private FM broadcasting channels with their frequencies include [[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]] at 91.1 FM, [[Red FM 93.5|Red FM]] at 93.5 FM, [[My FM]] at 94.3 FM, [[Radio Mirchi]] at 98.3 FM, [[Radio Mirchi|Mirchi Love FM]] at 91.9 FM and [[Big FM (Indian radio station)|Big FM]] at 92.7 FM.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fmstations.bharatiyamobile.com/Indian-FM-Stations-Statewise.php?state=Maharashtra%20&location=Nagpur |title=FM Radio Stations in Nagpur, Maharashtra |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>

Television broadcasting in Nagpur began on 15 August 1982 with the launch of [[Doordarshan]], the Government of India's public service broadcaster.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ddkmumbai.org/?page_id=283 |title=About Us – Sahyadri |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-date=13 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113143659/http://www.ddkmumbai.org/?page_id=283 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It transmits [[DD National]] and [[DD News]], which are free-to-air terrestrial television channels and one regional satellite channel called [[DD Sahyadri]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ddsahyadri.in/about-us-10 |title=DD – Sahyadri about |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> Private satellite channels started in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://download.nos.org/srsec335new/ch13.pdf |title=Gm13c |website=Download.nos.org |access-date=25 February 2017 |archive-date=10 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110141501/http://download.nos.org/srsec335new/ch13.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{rp|6}} [[Lord Buddha TV]] and Awaaz India TV are [[Free-to-air]] television which are based in the city and are available in various [[cable operators]] and [[Satellite television|DTH platforms]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Lord-Buddha-TVs-Slumdog-Millionaire-rise/articleshow/16897512.cms |title=Lord Buddha TV's Slumdog Millionaire rise |website=The Times of India |date=21 October 2012 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://buddhistentrepreneurs.com/Bussiness/Nagpur/AWAAZ-INDIA-TV-CHANNEL/50 |title=AWAAZ INDIA TV CHANNEL Nagpur-Media, Television |website=buddhistentrepreneurs.com |access-date=16 June 2018}}</ref> Satellite TV channels are accessible via [[Cable television|cable subscription]], [[Direct-broadcast satellite|direct-broadcast satellite services]] or [[IPTV|internet-based television]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/india/ |title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-date=18 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318202107/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/india |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/BandCS/List_of_Permitted_TV_Channels_on_30-06-2015.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=25 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122170527/http://www.trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/BandCS/List_of_Permitted_TV_Channels_on_30-06-2015.pdf |archive-date=22 January 2016}}</ref> Cable TV operators or multi system operators in the city include UCN, GTPL, In Cable, BCN and Diamond Cable Network.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/BandCS/List-of-MSOs-with-Permanent_registration_on_14.08.2015.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=5 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302180837/http://www.trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/BandCS/List-of-MSOs-with-Permanent_registration_on_14.08.2015.pdf |archive-date= 2 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nagpurorange.com/govt-yet-to-receive-a-single-cable-viewers-form/ |title=Govt yet to receive a single cable viewer's form – Nagpur Orange |work=Nagpur Orange |date=3 July 2013 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> All the [[List of DTH Operators in India|DTH operators in the country]] are available in the city viz. [[Airtel digital TV]], [[DD Free Dish]], [[Dish TV]], [[Sun Direct]], [[D2h]] and [[Tata Play]].The city also has its own Regional DTH operator, UCN, which serves the [[Vidarbha]] region of [[Maharashtra]] headquartered in the city itself.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Which-DTH-service-provider-tops-with-most-channels-and-best-picture-quality/articleshow/9597942.cms |title=Which DTH service provider tops with most channels and best picture quality |website=The Times of India |date=14 August 2011 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref>

Broadband Internet service is available in the city and is provided by various [[Internet service provider]]s. [[Wi-Fi]] is available in major [[educational institutions]] and certain areas in the city, including [[government institutions]] under [[Smart City]] plan by NSSCDCL.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Anparthi |first1=Anjaya |title=NMC doesn't use Jio's and own free Internet, pays lakhs for it |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/nmc-doesnt-use-jios-and-own-free-internet-pays-lakhs-for-it/articleshow/68801834.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=10 April 2019}}</ref> As of 2023, [[3G]] services in the city are provided by [[BSNL]], [[Airtel]] and [[Vodafone Idea Limited]] while [[4G]] services in the city are provided by [[Airtel]], [[Jio]], [[Vodafone Idea Limited]] and [[BSNL]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Nagpur-cell-users-can-go-3G-by-July-end/articleshow/6052716.cms |title=Nagpur cell users can go 3G by July end |website=The Times of India |date=16 June 2010 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airtel.in/about-bharti/media-centre/bharti-airtel-news/mobile/airtel-4g-comes-to-nagpur |title=Airtel 4G comes to Nagpur |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/idea-launches-world-class-high-speed-lte-services-in-maharashtra-and-goa/03161948 |title=Idea launches world-class, high-speed LTE services in Maharashtra and Goa |date=16 March 2016 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://telecomtalk.info/bsnl-customers-2gb-free-4g-sim/183867/ |title=BSNL Customers to Get 2GB of Free Data on 4G SIM Upgrade – Telecom Talk |website=telecomtalk.info |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref> and [[5G]] services in the city are provided by [[Airtel]] and [[Jio]]<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/reliance-jio-launches-5g-services-in-city/articleshow/96863981.cms | title=Reliance Jio launches 5G services in city | newspaper=The Times of India | date=10 January 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://thelivenagpur.com/2022/10/07/aitel-launches-5g-in-nagpur/ | title=Airtel launches 5G in nagpur - the Live Nagpur | date=7 October 2022 }}</ref>

==Sports==
{{See also|Vidarbha cricket team}}
[[File:VCA,Nagpur.jpg|thumb|right|Vidarbha Cricket Association stadium, Nagpur]]

Nagpur is a big centre for cricket in Vidarbha owing to the presence of the [[Vidarbha Cricket Association]]. [[Vidarbha Cricket Association]] (VCA) is the governing body of [[cricket]] activities in the [[Vidarbha]] region in Maharashtra. It is affiliated to the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]]. Nagpur is one of the few Indian cities that has more than one international cricket stadium,<ref name="Nagpur's new stadium ready to debut">{{Cite news |url=http://search.rediff.com/cricket/2008/nov/04nagpur.htm |title=Nagpur's new stadium ready to debut |date=4 November 2008 |publisher=[[Rediff]] |access-date=6 November 2008}}</ref><ref name="History of Cricket matches on VCA">{{cite web |url=http://stats.rleague.com/odi/venues/66.html |title=One day Internationals, Vidarbha Cricket Ground |publisher=National Rugby League of Australia |access-date=22 June 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503155746/http://stats.rleague.com/odi/venues/66.html |archive-date=3 May 2006}}</ref> the older one being the [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]] situated in Civil Lines, and the new one, the [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]], inaugurated in 2008 is situated in Jamtha, Wardha Road on the outskirts of the city.<ref name="VCA ground in Nagpur">{{cite web |url=http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58344.html |title=Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground in Nagpur |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=21 June 2006}}</ref>

[[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]] has been built on Wardha road with a [[seating capacity]] of 45,000 people at a cost of {{INRConvert|750|m}}. It is one of the fifteen test cricket venues in the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/75757/board-of-control-for-cricket-in-india-bcci-adds-six-new-test-venues |title=BCCI adds six additional Test venues |work=Cricbuzz |date=9 November 2015 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]] has been the venue for the [[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987 Reliance World Cup]] and [[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996 Wills World Cup]]. [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]] has been the venue for the [[2011 Cricket World Cup]] and [[2016 ICC World Twenty20]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2015/media-releases/91068/icc-world-twenty20-india-2016-schedule-announced |title=ICC World T20 schedule announced (India, 2016) |date=11 December 2015 |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917010031/http://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2015/media-releases/91068/icc-world-twenty20-india-2016-schedule-announced |archive-date=17 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The stadium also hosts certain matches of the [[Indian Premier League]] and had been the home city for the now defunct [[Deccan Chargers]] in the [[2010 Indian Premier League|2010 season]] and was also the home city for [[Kings XI Punjab]] along with [[Mohali]] in the [[2016 Indian Premier League|2016 season]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/kings-xi-punjab-may-play-3-ipl-matches-in-nagpur/articleshow/51227495.cms |title=King's XI Punjab may play 3 IPL matches in Nagpur |website=The Times of India |date=2 March 2016 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/cricketnext/news/ipl-gives-deccans-home-games-to-nagpur-mumbai-563921.html |title=IPL gives Deccan's home games to Nagpur, Mumbai |date=15 February 2010 |access-date=25 November 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> [[Vidarbha Cricket Association]] also has a cricket academy at the main centre in [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]] and three more centres.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vca.co.in/cricket-academy/ |title=Cricket Academy – Vidarbha Cricket Association |website=vca.co.in |access-date=25 April 2019 |archive-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422171753/http://vca.co.in/cricket-academy/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> It also has its own cricket teams which play in various formats as mandated by [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vca.co.in/teams/ |title=VCA Teams – Vidarbha Cricket Association |website=vca.co.in |access-date=25 April 2019 |archive-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422171754/http://vca.co.in/teams/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Vidarbha cricket team]] had won the [[Ranji Trophy]] and [[Irani Cup]] consecutively in [[2017–18 Ranji Trophy|2017–18]] and [[2018–19 Ranji Trophy|2018–19]] season.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-domestic/ranji-trophy/vca-announces-rs-3-crore-prize-money-for-victorious-ranji-team/articleshow/67886146.cms |title=VCA announces Rs 3 crore prize money for victorious Ranji team |website=The Times of India |date=7 February 2019 |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref>
[[File:NPLNagpur.jpg|right|thumb|A view at NPL starting ceremony]]
Vidarbha Hockey Association is a body governing [[field hockey]] in the [[Vidarbha|Vidarbha Region]] and is affiliated to [[Hockey India]] as an associate member.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/hockey/news/209005-hockey-india-inducts-vidarbha-hockey-association-in-its-fold |title=Hockey India inducts Vidarbha Hockey Association in its fold – NDTV Sports |last=NDTVSports.com |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113527/http://sports.ndtv.com/hockey/news/209005-hockey-india-inducts-vidarbha-hockey-association-in-its-fold |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Vidarbha Hockey Association Stadium]] is the hockey ground owned and managed by Vidarbha Hockey Association.

'''Nagpur District Football Association(NDFA)''' is the district governing body for [[association football|football]] in Nagpur, [[Maharashtra]] and is affiliated with the [[Western India Football Association]], the state sports governing body. The Nagpur District Football Association is a district level football body and conducts various matches among the schools and clubs. It has its own league.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/nagpur-district-football-association-ndfa-league-to-kick-off-in-june/05061025 |title=Nagpur District Football Association (NDFA) league to kick off in June |date=6 May 2014 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> NDFA Elite division Champions League, another football tournament, was held at Nagpur annually since 2010 until 2014 by [[Lokmat]] Group in Yeshwant Stadium.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/sports/football/lokmat-nagpur-premier-league-soccer-starts-on-sunday_777409.html |title=Lokmat Nagpur Premier League soccer starts on sunday |date=4 January 2014 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> Indian Friends Football Club (IFFC), Rabbani, Rahul CLub and Young Muslim Football Club (YMFC) are notable football clubs in the city.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}} Other clubs include, Rabbani Club, Rahul Club, City Police, South East Central Railway, Qidwai Club, SRPF, New Globe and City Club.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/YMFC-to-hold-All-India-football-tournament-from-Sunday/articleshow/50781551.cms |title=YMFC to hold All India football tournament from Sunday |website=The Times of India |date=30 January 2016 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> Nagpur FC has its own Football Academy in Dhanwate National College, Congress Nagar.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Eyeing-2017-U-17-WC-Nagpur-FC-to-start-football-academy/articleshow/35618939.cms |title=Eyeing 2017 U-17 WC Nagpur FC to start football academy |website=The Times of India |date=26 May 2014 |access-date=25 November 2016}}</ref> Slum Soccer is a social initiative started by [[Vijay Barse]] for young runaways and former drug addicts to rehabilitate them through football.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/videos/india/rh-vijay-448505.html |title=Real Hero Vijay's 'slum soccer' transforms lives |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-date=13 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413143808/http://www.ibnlive.com/videos/india/rh-vijay-448505.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Badminton tournaments in the city are organised by Nagpur District Badminton Association (NDBA) which is affiliated to Maharashtra Badminton Association which in turn is a member of [[Badminton Association of India]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nayse |first1=Suhas |title=Double crown for Hriday, Ameya in Nagpur District Badminton tournament |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/double-crown-for-hriday-ameya-in-nagpur-district-badminton-tournament/articleshow/70439696.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=29 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Nayse |first1=Suhas |title=NDBA declares junior district squad for Maharashtra Badminton Championship |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/ndba-declares-junior-district-squad-for-maharashtra-badminton-championship/articleshow/65655162.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=3 September 2018}}</ref> Nagpur District Table Tennis Association organises table tennis [[tournaments]] at district level and is affiliated to Maharashtra Table Tennis Association.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nayse |first1=Suhas |title=Nagpur to host State Ranking Table Tennis tournament from July 21 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/nagpur-to-host-state-ranking-table-tennis-tournament-from-july-21/articleshow/59672114.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=19 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sampat |first1=Amit |title=Mallika's European style TT helps her seal second state crown |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/mallikas-european-style-tt-helps-her-seal-second-state-crown/articleshow/59732669.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=24 July 2017}}</ref> The city also has a divisional sports complex which consist of Indoor stadium and other [[gymnastic]] facilities.<ref>{{cite news |title=HC: Form panel with sportspersons to manage stadium |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/hc-form-panel-with-sportspersons-to-manage-stadium/articleshow/66155141.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=11 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ganjapure |first1=Vaibhav |title=Explain holding marriages in divn sports complex: HC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/explain-holding-marriages-in-divn-sports-complex-hc/articleshow/65329139.cms |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=9 August 2018}}</ref>

The city's major [[indoor arena]] is [[Vivekananda Nagar Indoor Sports Complex]] located near Mankapur. The arena hosts several political events, concerts and sports events like badminton, basketball, lawn tennis.

The city also has various running events, for general public, organised by various institutions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://0milemarathon.com |title=Zero Mile Nagpur Marathon |website=Zero Mile Nagpur Marathon |access-date=28 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mahamarathon.com/nagpur/ |title=Nagpur Maha Marathon |access-date=28 September 2019}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{Main|List of people from Nagpur}}

==Sister cities==
* [[Jinan]] (China)

==See also==
*[[MIHAN]]
*[[Nagpur Metro]]
*[[Nagpur District]]
*[[Make in Maharashtra]]
*[[List of Maratha dynasties and states]]
*[[List of forts]]
*[[Largest Indian cities by GDP]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Americana Poster|year=1920}}
{{Commons category|Nagpur}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
*{{CathEncy|wstitle=Nagpur}}
*{{Cite NSRW |wstitle=Nagpur}}
*[https://wildgorewada.com Gorewada Zoo Nagpur]

{{Nagpur}}
{{vidarbha}}
{{Maharashtra}}
{{Million-plus cities in India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Nagpur| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Nagpur district]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Vidarbha]]
[[Category:Cities in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Metropolitan cities in India]]
[[Category:Smart cities in India]]

List of tallest buildings in Kerala

2026-03-25T10:32:32Z

RaymondLoewentha: updated details

{{short description|None}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
[[File:Kerala’s Tallest Skyline- Calicut.png|thumb|Kerala's Tallest Skyline- Calicut]]
[[File:Kochi Skyline.jpg|thumb|[[Marine Drive, Kochi|Kochi Marine Drive]] Skyline]]
[[File:Calicut beach skyline.jpg|thumb|Kozhikode beach skyline]]
[[File:Night View of Technopark Trivandrum.jpg|thumb|[[Thiruvananthapuram]] Techno Valley Skyline]]

This '''list of tallest buildings in Kerala''' ranks high-rises in [[Kerala]], [[India]] according to their height. Kerala is one of the southern states of India. This state is witnessing a huge high-rise boom, especially in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kochi]], [[Kozhikode]], [[Thrissur]], [[Kannur]] and [[Palakkad]]. Several high-rises are located in these cities. As of May 2025, the twin towers of Sands Infinite in Kochi are the tallest buildings in Kerala with 30 floors and a height of {{convert|152|m|ft|0}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-02-15 |title=Twin IT towers at Kochi will be South's tallest |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/twin-it-towers-at-kochi-will-be-souths-tallest/article26283671.ece |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref> Asset Golden Sands in Calicut with 240 meters and 70 floors is tallest ever upcoming building in Kerala.<ref name="auto">{{cite web | url=https://www.assethomes.in/message-from-md-september-2023/ | title=Message from MD, September - 2023 | date=September 2023 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#ececec;"
!Rank
!Name
!City
!Height
!Floors
!Year
|-
| align="right" |'''1'''
|Sands Infinite Tower 1 & 2
|[[Kochi]]
|{{convert|152|m|ft|0}}
|30
|2025<ref>{{cite web |title=Sands Infra Build |url=https://smartcity-kochi.in/co-developers/sands-infrabuild/ |accessdate=2018-06-23 |publisher=[[SmartCity, Kochi]]}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Abraham |first=Rajesh |date=2022-06-29 |title=A tale of Kochi's two IT parks |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2022/Jun/29/a-tale-ofkochis-two-it-parks-2470815.html |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| align="right" |'''2'''
|[[Choice Paradise, Kochi]]
|[[Kochi]]
|{{convert|137|m|ft|0}}
|40
|2012<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/south-indias-tallest-building-ready/article3934136.ece |title=South India's tallest residential tower Choice Paradise completed |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2012-09-25 |accessdate=2017-11-21}}</ref>
|-
| align="right" |'''3'''
|Galaxy Magnus Opus
|[[Kozhikode]]
|{{convert|130|m|ft|0}}
|38
|2020
|-
| align="right" |'''4'''
|Nikunjam iPark
|[[Thiruvananthapuram]]
|{{convert|123|m|ft|0}}
|35
|2012
|-
| align="right" |'''5'''
|MIR Jade Heights 1 n 2
|[[Kochi]]
|{{convert|119|m|ft|0}}
|33
|2019
|-
| align="right" |'''6'''
|Tata Tritvam Tower 6
|[[Kochi]]
|{{convert|102|m|ft|0}}
|30
|2017
|-
| align="right" |'''7'''
|Riviera Grand
|[[Kozhikode]]
|{{convert|102|m|ft|0}}
|27
|2018
|-
| align="right" |'''8'''
|Chandys Tall County
|[[Kottayam]]
|{{convert|99.85|m|ft|0}}
|30
|2017
|-
| align="right" |'''9'''
|Sobha Jade, Sobha City
|[[Thrissur]]
|{{convert|98|m|ft|0}}
|28
|2013<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emporis.com/building/sobhajade-trichur-india |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130215222839/http://www.emporis.com/building/sobhajade-trichur-india |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 15, 2013 |title=Sobha Jade |publisher=Emporis |accessdate=2013-04-08}}</ref>
|-
| align="right" |'''10'''
|Sobha Sapphire, Sobha City
|[[Thrissur]]
|{{convert|98|m|ft|0}}
|28
|2013<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emporis.com/building/sobhasapphire-trichur-india |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130208045528/http://www.emporis.com/building/sobhasapphire-trichur-india |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 8, 2013 |title=Sobha Sapphire |publisher=Emporis |accessdate=2013-04-08}}</ref>
|-
| align="right" |'''11'''
|Sobha Tapaz, Sobha City
|[[Thrissur]]
|{{convert|98|m|ft|0}}
|28
|2013<ref>{{cite web |url=http://digitalsoft.in/shwas-homes/ |title=Shwas Homes |publisher=Digitalsoft |accessdate=2013-04-08}}</ref>
|-
| align="right" |'''12'''
|Galaxy Ritz Marina
|[[Kozhikode]]
|{{convert|97.5|m|ft|0}}
|25
|2016
|-
| align="right" |'''13'''
|AWHO Tower 1
|[[Kochi]]
|{{convert|97|m|ft|0}}
|28
|2017
|-
| align="right" |'''14'''
|AWHO Tower 2
|[[Kochi]]
|{{convert|97|m|ft|0}}
|28
|2017
|-
| align="right" |'''15'''
|Tata Tritvam Towers 1
|[[Kochi]]
|{{convert|97|m|ft|0}}
|28
|2017
|-
| align="right" |'''16'''
|Tata Tritvam Towers 2
|[[Kochi]]
|{{convert|97|m|ft|0}}
|28
|2017
|-
| align="right" |'''17'''
|Tata Tritvam Towers 3
|[[Kochi]]
|{{convert|97|m|ft|0}}
|28
|2017
|-
| align="right" |'''18'''
|Tata Tritvam Towers 4
|[[Kochi]]
|{{convert|97|m|ft|0}}
|28
|2017
|-
| align="right" |'''19'''
|Tata Tritvam Towers 5
|[[Kochi]]
|{{convert|97|m|ft|0}}
|28
|2017
|-
|}
[[File:GalaxyAtmosphere.jpg|thumb|305x305px|Galaxy Atmosphere <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.galaxy-builders.com/|title=Builders in Calicut|Luxury Apartments, Flats,Villas Calicut|first=Galaxy|last=Builders|website=www.galaxy-builders.com}}</ref>]]

==Upcoming projects==
This lists ranks buildings in Kerala which are under construction or proposed and will rise at least up to a height of {{convert|95|m|ft|0}} from the ground.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#ececec;"
!Rank
!Name
!City
!Height
!Floors
!Status
|-
!1
|Asset Golden sands <ref name="auto"/>
|[[Kozhikode]]
|{{convert|240|m|ft|0}}
|70
|Proposed
|-
!2
|Galaxy Atmosphere<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2022/apr/21/50-storey-residential-tower-inkozhikode-set-to-be-keralas-tallest-2444515.html | title=50-storey residential tower in Kozhikode set to be Kerala's tallest | date=21 April 2022 }}</ref>
|[[Kozhikode]]
|{{convert|167|m|ft|0}}
|50
|Under construction
|-
!3
|[https://www.galaxy-builders.com/ Galaxy] [https://www.mathrubhumi.com/special-pages/kerala-property-expo-2024-sharjah/kerala-property-expo-2024-galaxy-builders-1.9666838 Celeste Riviera]
|[[Calicut]]
|{{convert|138|m|ft|0}}
|40
|Under construction
|-
!4
|Spring Infradev Tower-2
|[[Thiruvananthapuram]]
|{{convert|138|m|ft|0}}
|40
|Proposed
|-
!5
|Purva Grand Palms 1 (Purva Grand Palms)
|Kochi
|{{convert|137|m|ft|0}}
|41
|Under construction
|-
!6
|Purva Grand Palms 2 (Purva Grand Palms)
|Kochi
|{{convert|137|m|ft|0}}
|41
|Under construction
|-
!7
|Purva Grand Palms 3 (Purva Grand Palms)
|Kochi
|{{convert|137|m|ft|0}}
|41
|Under construction
|-
!8
|Purva Grand Palms 4 (Purva Grand Palms)
|Kochi
|{{convert|137|m|ft|0}}
|41
|Under construction
|-
!9
|Rahna Townspace
|[[Thrissur]]
|{{convert|120|m|ft|0}}
|35
|Proposed
|-
!10
|Parinee Paradise 1 (Parinee Paradise)
|Kochi
|{{convert|114|m|ft|0}}
|34
|Proposed
|-
!11
|Parinee Paradise 2 (Parinee Paradise)
|Kochi
|{{convert|114|m|ft|0}}
|34
|Proposed
|-
!12
|Parinee Paradise 3 (Parinee Paradise)
|Kochi
|{{convert|114|m|ft|0}}
|34
|Proposed
|-
!13
|Parinee Paradise 4 (Parinee Paradise)
|Kochi
|{{convert|114|m|ft|0}}
|34
|Proposed
|-
!14
|Artech Ferns (Artech Builders)
|[[Kollam]]
|{{convert|110|m|ft|0}}
|34<ref>{{cite web|url=http://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/FormB/EC/FORM_1/160620176QTVX0Q1Annexure_documentofForm1.pdf |title=Environmental Clearance for the proposed Artech Ferns building - Kollam |publisher=Environmentclearance.nic.in |accessdate=2018-10-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seiaakerala.org/issued_ec/1139_1117.pdf |title=State Environment Impact Assessment Authority - Artech Ferns |publisher=SEIAA Kerala |accessdate=2018-10-30}}</ref>
|Proposed
|-
!15
|Purva Moonreach 1 (Purva Moonreach)
|Kochi
|{{convert|107|m|ft|0}}
|32
|Proposed
|-
!16
|Prestige Ocean Pearl-1 <ref name="presti"/>
|[[Kozhikode]]
|{{convert|102|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Under construction
|-
!17
|Prestige Ocean Pearl-2 <ref name="presti"/>
|[[Kozhikode]]
|{{convert|102|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Under construction
|-
!18
|Prestige Ocean Pearl-3 <ref name="presti"/>
|[[Kozhikode]]
|{{convert|102|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Under construction
|-
!19
|Prestige Ocean Pearl-4 <ref name="presti">{{Cite web|url=https://www.prestigeconstructions.com/projects/prestige-ocean-pearl/|title=Prestige Ocean Pearl | Buy 3 & 4 BHK Luxury Flats in Calicut | Apartments for Sale in Kozhikode|website=www.prestigeconstructions.com}}</ref>
|[[Kozhikode]]
|{{convert|102|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Under construction
|-
!20
|Elkor Platina <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elkorbuilders.com/project/flats-in-malappuram/|title=Flats Perinthalmanna | 2 & 3 BHK Flat for sale Malappuram}}</ref>
|[[Malappuram]]
|{{convert|102|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Under construction
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of tallest buildings in India]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in Asia]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in Mangalore]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{India tallest buildings lists}}

[[Category:Lists of tallest buildings in India|Kerala]]
[[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in Kerala|Tallest]]

Sándor Kőrösi Csoma

2026-03-23T19:09:48Z

RaymondLoewentha: new initial details first draft.

{{Short description|Hungarian linguist and orientalist (1784–1842)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{eastern name order|Kőrösi Csoma Sándor}}
{{infobox person
|name = Alexander Csoma de Kőrös
|image = Kőrösi Csoma Sándor.jpg
|birth_name = Sándor Csoma
|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1784|3|27}}<ref name="Short bio and works hungarian">[http://www.terebess.hu/keletkultinfo/korosi.html Short bio and works (Hungarian)]</ref>
|birth_place = Kőrös, [[Grand Principality of Transylvania]] (today part of [[Covasna]], [[Romania]])
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1842|4|11|1784|3|27}}
|death_place = [[Darjeeling]], [[Company rule in India|Colonial India]]
|occupation = {{flatlist|
* Linguist
* philologist
* traveller
}}
}}

'''Sándor Csoma de Kőrös''' ({{IPA|hu|ˈʃaːndor ˈkøːrøʃi ˈt͡ʃomɒ|lang}}; born '''Sándor Csoma'''; 27 March 1784/8<ref name="Short bio and works hungarian"/>{{snd}}11 April 1842) was a [[Hungarian people|Hungarian]] philologist and Orientalist, author of the first [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]]–[[English language|English]] dictionary and grammar book. He was called Phyi-glin-gi-grwa-pa in Tibetan, meaning "''the foreign pupil''", and was declared a ''bosatsu'' or [[bodhisattva]] by the Japanese in 1933.<ref name=Hetenyi>{{Cite journal | last=Hetenyi | first=Ernest | authorlink=Ernő Hetényi | title=Alexander Csoma de Koros: The Hungarian Bodhisattva | journal=Bulletin of Tibetology | volume=9 | issue=1 | pages=34–41 | url=http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/retrieve/637241/bot_09_01_03.pdf }}</ref> He was born in Kőrös, [[Grand Principality of Transylvania]] (today part of [[Covasna County|Covasna]], [[Romania]]). His birth date is often given as 4 April, although this is actually his [[baptism]] day and the year of his birth is debated by some authors who put it at 1787 or 1788 rather than 1784. The [[Magyars|Magyar]] ethnic group, the [[Székelys]], to which he belonged believed that they were derived from a branch of Attila's Huns who had settled in Transylvania in the fifth century. Hoping to study the claim and to find the place of origin of the Székelys and the Magyars by studying language kinship, he set off to Asia in 1820 and spent his lifetime studying the Tibetan language and Buddhist philosophy. Csoma de Kőrös is considered as the founder of [[Tibetology]]. He was said to have been able to read in seventeen languages. He died in [[Darjeeling]] while attempting to make a trip to [[Lhasa]] in 1842 and a memorial was erected in his honour by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

==Biography==

===Youth in Transylvania===
Csoma de Kőrös was born into a poor [[Székelys|Székely]] family,<ref>Parish register record of 4 April 1784 was noted by [[Theodore Duka|Duka]], however others think this might be the date of baptism and the year 1787/1788 is also suggested by certain authors.</ref> the sixth child of András Csoma and his wife, Krisztina Getse (or Ilona Göcz?).<ref name=duka /> His name in English would be written Alexander Csoma of Koros and in Hungarian Kőrösi Csoma Sándor where Kőrösi means "of Koros" (i.e., a praedicatum of nobility) and alternate continental forms include "Sándor Csoma de Koros". His father served with the Székely Border Guards. His early schooling was at the local village school. In 1799, he went to Nagyenyed (present-day [[Aiud]]) to join the boarding school ''Bethlen Kollégium''. The education program was free (''gratistae'') in return for manual labor. Here he was influenced by the professor Samuel Hegedüs. He left the school in 1807 and continued university studies, taking an interest in history, a subject made popular by Professor Ádám Herepei.<ref name=duka>{{cite book|title=Life and Works of Alexander Csoma de Körös|last=Duka|first=Theodore|year=1885|publisher=Trubner & Co.|place=London|url=https://archive.org/stream/LifeOfAlexaderCsomaDeKorosDuka/Life%20of%20Alexader%20Csoma%20de%20Koros-Duka#page/n1/mode/1up}}</ref> In 1815 he passed the public ''[[Oral exam|rigorosum]]'' in his studies at Bethlen Kollégium. A scholarship allowed him to continue to [[University of Göttingen|Göttingen]], where he began to learn English under Professor [[Johann Dominicus Fiorillo|Fiorillo]]. Csoma de Kőrős also came under the influence of Professor [[Johann Gottfried Eichhorn]].

===Studies in Göttingen===
[[File:AlexanderCsomaKorosASB.jpg|thumb|Bust presented by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences to the Asiatic Society of Bengal]]
Between 1816 and 1818 he studied Oriental languages. In [[Göttingen]], he was noted for being literate in thirteen languages including Latin, Greek, Hebrew, French, German, and Romanian apart from his native Hungarian. In his [[Calcutta]] years he also mastered Bengali, Marathi and Sanskrit.<ref name=fox>{{cite book|author=Fox, Edward|title=The Hungarian Who Walked To Heaven: Alexander Csoma de Koros 1784-1842|year=2006|publisher=Short Books|place=London|url=http://www.edwardfox.co.uk/csoma.html}}</ref> He returned to [[Transylvania]] in 1818. On 7 February 1819, Csoma met Hegedűs and informed him of his intent to learn Slavonic in [[Croatia]]. He left on foot for [[Zagreb|Agram]] and spent a few months there. He received the aid of one hundred florins from Michael de Kenderessy to help him in this journey.<ref name=duka />

===Eastward bound===
The journey that Csoma undertook after leaving [[Croatia]] is reconstructed mainly from to a letter that Csoma wrote introducing himself to the British Captain Kennedy who detained him on entry at Sabathu on suspicion of being a spy. Csoma did not apply for an Imperial passport and obtained a Hungarian passport at Nagyenyed and visited [[Bucharest]]. He had it signed by the General Commandant in Nagyszeben (today [[Sibiu]], Romania) and went to [[Wallachia]] at the end of November 1819. He attempted to go to [[Constantinople]] but not finding the means he left Bucharest on 1 January 1820 and passed the Danube by Rustchuk and reached Sofia and then after five days to Philipopolis (now [[Plovdiv]]).<ref name=duka/>

===Middle East, Central Asia===
[[File:Travel route and timeline of Sándor Kőrösi Csoma.svg|thumb|500px|left|Route taken by Csoma]]
[[File:Kőrösi Csoma Sándor Pécs.JPG|thumb|Statue of Alexander Csoma de Koros riding a [[Domestic yak|yak]]]]
Csoma de Kőrös arrived in [[Edirne]] (Adrianopolis) and he wished to go from there to [[Constantinople]] but was forced by a plague outbreak to move to [[Enos, Turkey|Enos]]. He left Enos on 7 February 1820 and reached [[Alexandria]] on a Greek ship. He reached on the last day of February but had to leave soon due to a plague epidemic. He boarded a Syrian ship to [[Larnaca]] in [[Cyprus]] and then took another ship to [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]] and [[Latakia]]. From here he travelled on foot and reached [[Aleppo]] in [[Syria]] on 13 April. He left on 19 May, joining various caravans and by raft along the river going through [[Şanlıurfa|Urfa]], [[Mardin]] and [[Mosul]] to arrive in [[Baghdad]] on 22 July. He wrote to the British resident Mr. Rich and sought help in his travels. He was provided a European dress and money through a Hungarian friend Mr. Swoboda with whom he stayed. He left Baghdad on 4 September and travelled with a caravan through [[Kermanshah]] and [[Hamadan]] and reached [[Tehran]] on 14 October 1820. He sought help from [[Henry Willock]] who made it possible for him to stay on for about four months. He left Tehran on 1 March 1821, leaving behind his passport and papers and changing from a European costume to a Persian one apart from writing notes in Hungarian which were to be passed on in the event that he died on his way to Bukhara. He reached [[Meshed]] on 18 April and due to the troubles in the area he could not continue until 20 October. He reached [[Bukhara]] on 18 November. He initially intended to spend the winter in Bukhara but fearing the Russian army he left after five days and joined a caravan that passed through Balk, Kulm, and Bamian to reach [[Kabul]] on 6 January 1822. He left Kabul on 19 January and headed towards [[Peshawar]]. On 26 January he met two French officers at Daka, Messrs. Allard and Ventura, who joined him to [[Lahore]]. He reached Lahore on 11 March and left on the 23rd passing through [[Amritsar]], [[Jammu]] to reach [[Kashmir]] on 17 April. Finding company to travel with he left on 9 May to reach [[Leh]] on 9 June. Finding the route to Yarkand risky, he decided to return to Lahore and on the way to Kashmir, on 16 July 1822 he met [[William Moorcroft (explorer)|William Moorcroft]], the famous English explorer. He decided to stay on with Moorcroft and joined him to Leh. Here Moorcroft introduced Csoma to [[George Trebeck]]. He also lent Csoma a copy of ''Alphabetum Tibetanum'' by [[Agostino Antonio Giorgi]]. He also helped Moorcroft by translating a Russian letter (from Count Nesselrode Petersburgh dated 17 January 1820) addressed to Ranjeet Singh into Latin. Before Moorcroft left Leh, Csoma requested him that he wished to stay on with Trebeck in Leh. He then joined Trebeck back to [[Srinagar]] on 26 November. He stayed on here for five months and six days during which time he took an interest in the Tibetan language and discussed with Moorcroft an interest in examining the contents of the books found in the local monasteries.<ref name=duka/>

===In Ladakh===
[[File:Stone Tablet Csoma Tara Chand Phuktal Jun24 A7CR 00473.jpg|thumb|Stone plaque in [[Phugtal Monastery|Phuktal Monastery]] commemorating Csoma's stay there from 12 August 1825 to November 1826.]]
Moorcroft recommended Csoma and wrote to obtain subsistence and support from the chief officer at [[Leh]] and the Lama of Yangla at Zanskar. Csoma left [[Kashmir]] on 2 May 1823 and reached Leh on 1 June 1823. From here he travelled to Yangla on the 9th and stayed in [[Zanskar]] from 20 June to 22 October 1824. At Zanskar he studied under a Lama. Towards winter he decided to move to [[Kullu]] and reached [[Subathu]] on 26 November. Here he was detained by Captain Kennedy who suspected him of being a spy. However, a letter of introduction and testimony from Moorcroft clarified his position. It was not until May that the government response from [[Calcutta]] reached Subathu which absolved him of any suspicion from the British government.<ref name=duka /> On 6 June 1825, he left Subathu and reached Pukdal or Pukhtar in Zanskar. He returned to Subathu only on 17 January 1827 with some regret that his Lama instructor was not able to give enough time and attention. On his return to Subathu, Captain Kennedy wrote to [[Horace Hayman Wilson]] at the Asiatic Society of Bengal that he wished to discuss literary subjects and Tibet. He also noted that Csoma was not in need of money, having saved Rs. 150 from the Rs. 500 advanced to him by the Government two years ago. He also noted that Csoma ".. declines any attention that I would be most happy to show him, and he lives in the most retired manner."
[[File:Korosi grave.png|thumb|left|Grave of Csoma in 1877]]
During this period at [[Zanskar]] (he was the first European to visit the valley), he was immersed in an intense sixteen-month study of the Tibetan language and the Indo-Tibetan Buddhism at the core of its literature, with a local lama, Sangs-rgyas-phun-tshogs. He was one of the first Europeans to master the Tibetan language and read two of the great encyclopedias of Indo-Tibetan Buddhist literature the ''[[Kangyur]]'' (100 volumes) and the ''[[Tengyur|bsTan-'gyur]]'' (224 volumes) which contained translations of Buddhist books brought from India.<ref>Saint-Hilaire, J.-B. ''Buddha and his Religion''. Twickenham: Tiger Books International, 1998 {{ISBN|1-85170-540-6}} p. 19</ref> From May 1827 to October 1830 he resided in Kanum in Upper [[Bashahr]] (present-day [[Kinnaur district|Kinnaur]]) in the [[Simla Hill States]] where he studied the collection of Tibetan manuscripts he had amassed in Ladakh, living on a monthly stipend of Rs. 50/- from the British. With his dictionary and grammar complete, Csoma went to [[Calcutta]] to oversee its publication.

In the course of his travels Csoma used various names modified for local use. These included Sikander (from Alexander) with the Beg or Mulla suffix and Rumi, Roome, modified into Tibetan as Rumpa as a prefix indicating he was from Rome. He sometimes signed as Secunder Roome.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ladakhi histories. Local and Regional Perspectives|editor=Bray, John |year=2005| publisher=Brill|first=Peter|last=Marczell|chapter=Csoma Kőrösi's Pseudonym|pages=203–216}}</ref>

===In Calcutta and Darjeeling===
[[File:Csoma de Koros' tomb and monument (Darjeeling).JPG|thumb|upright|Memorial at Darjeeling]]
In 1831 Csoma joined the Royal [[Asiatic Society]] of Bengal in Calcutta. In 1833 he was unanimously elected as an honorary member of the Asiatic Society. In 1834 he was made an honorary member of the Royal Asiatic Society. From 1837 to 1841, he worked as Librarian of the Asiatic Society.<ref>''Journal of The Asiatic Society'', Vol.XLVII, No.1, Kolkata: The Asiatic Society, 2005, p. 236</ref> In 1842 he planned to travel to [[Lhasa]], but contracted malaria while traveling in the Terai and died in [[Darjeeling]].

==Personal life==

Csoma lived as an [[Asceticism|ascetic]]. He often slept on bare earth and ate a diet of bread, curd cheese, fruit and salad or boiled [[rice]] and [[tea]].<ref name="Ligeti 1984">Ligeti, Lajos. (1984). ''Tibetan and Buddhist Studies: Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Alexander Csoma de Kőrös''. Akad. Kiadó. p. 151</ref><ref name="Moses 2009">Moses, Mohandas; Moulik, Achala. (2009). ''Dialogue of Civilizations: William Jones and the Orientalists''. Aryan Books International. p. 344</ref> He rarely ate [[meat]] and never [[Alcohol (drug)|alcohol]].<ref>Kubassek, János. (1999). ''Hungarian Hermit of the Himalaya: The Life of Sándor Kőrösi Csoma Against a Contemporary Historical and Geographical Backdrop''. Hungarian Ancient History Research and Publishing. p. 51</ref> Csoma was known to abstain from drinking water for days.<ref name="Ligeti 1984"/> He could "live in the most trying circumstances in the most difficult of climate and terrain".<ref name="Moses 2009"/> He never sought financial assistance for his work.<ref name="Moses 2009"/>

==Memorials and honours==
[[File:TheodoreDuka.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Csoma's biographer, Theodore Duka, was an Army surgeon of Hungarian origin who worked in India]]
The grave of Csoma at Darjeeling was marked by a memorial by the Asiatic Society of Bengal. It is included in the list of monuments of historical maintained by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (Calcutta circle). A tablet was placed by the Hungarian government with the words of Count István Széchenyi : "A poor lonely Hungarian, without applause or money but inspired with enthusiasm sought the Hungarian native country but in the end broke down under the burden".<ref name=Hetenyi />

A project has been started to restore the old royal palace (Kharkongma) of Zangla where Csoma de Kőrös lived and compiled his Tibetan–English dictionary.<ref>[http://csomasroom.kibu.hu/en Csoma's Room Project]</ref>

He was declared as a [[Bodhisattva]] (canonized as a Buddhist saint) on 22 February 1933 in Japan. A statue of him in lotus posture by the Hungarian sculptor Géza Csorba was placed on the occasion at the shrine in the Tokyo Buddhist University.<ref name=Hetenyi /><ref>{{cite journal|last=Le Calloc'h|first=Bernard| title= Alexandre Csoma de Koros. Le Bodhisattva Hongrois|year=1987| journal=Revue de l'histoire des religions|volume=204|issue=4|pages=353–388|url=http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rhr_0035-1423_1987_num_204_4_2166|doi=10.3406/rhr.1987.2166}}</ref> On his 200th birth anniversary in 1984, the Hungarian government released a postal stamp depicting him and his travel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stampshungary.com/galeria/k%C3%B6r%C3%B6si_csoma_s%C3%A1ndor|title=Stamps of Hungary|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411212450/http://stampshungary.com/galeria/k%C3%B6r%C3%B6si_csoma_s%C3%A1ndor|archive-date=11 April 2013}}</ref> In 1992 a park in his memory was opened at [[Tar, Hungary|Tar]] and inaugurated by the Dalai Lama.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.korosi-emlekpark.hu/eng/index.php|title=Alexander Csoma de Kőrös Memorial Park}}</ref>
* In 1904, Kőrös, his home village changed its name to Csomakőrös in honour of the 120th anniversary of Csoma's birth, and to distinguish itself from other towns named Kőrös in Hungary.
* In 1920, the {{ill|Kőrösi Csoma Society|hu|Kőrösi Csoma Társaság}}, a society dedicated to the study of the Orient was founded and named for Csoma.
* Csoma was honoured by Hungary by the issuance of a postage stamps: on 1 July 1932.<ref>colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/183698-Sándor_Kőrösi_Csoma_1784-1842_linguist-Personalities-Hungary</ref>
* On 30 March 1984, Csoma, the Master of Tibetan Philology, was depicted on a commemorative postage stamp by Hungary; in the background a map of Tibet can be seen.<ref>colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/175167-Sándor_Kőrösi_Csoma-People-Hungary</ref>

==Works of Csoma de Kőrös==
{{Wikisource|Author:Sándor Kőrösi Csoma}}
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=a78IAAAAQAAJ&q=csoma ''Essay towards a Dictionary, Tibetan and English. Prepared, with assistance of Bandé Sangs-rgyas Phuntshogs ... by Alexander Csoma de Kőrös, etc.''], Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1834.
* ''Analysis of the Dulva'', part of the [[Kangyur]], Asiatic Researches, Calcutta, 1836, vol. 20-1, pp. 41–93 ([https://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1836-asiatic-researches-vol-20-part-1-s-pdf/ on line]).
*''Essay towards a Dictionary, Tibetan and English'', Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1984.
* ''A Grammar of the Tibetan Language in English. Prepared under the patronage of the Government and the auspices of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.'', Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1834.
*''Grammar of the Tibetan Language'', Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1984.
*''Sanskrit-Tibetan-English Vocabulary: being an edition and translation of the Mahāvyutpatti'', Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1984.
*''Collected works of Alexander Csoma de Körös'', Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1984.

==Works about Csoma de Kőrös==
;Books
*Duka, Theodore [https://archive.org/details/LifeOfAlexaderCsomaDeKorosDuka/page/n1 ''Life and works of Alexander Csoma de Kőrös: a biography compiled chiefly from hitherto unpublished data; with a brief notice of each of his unpublished works and essays, as well as of his still extant manuscripts'']. London: Trübner, 1885. (Also in [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/74056 Project Gutenberg])
*Mukerjee, Hirendra Nath ''Hermit-hero from Hungary, Alexander Csoma de Koros, the great Tibetologist''. New Delhi: Light & Life Publishers, 1981.
*Le Calloch, Bernard ''Alexandre Csoma de Kőrös''. Paris: La nouvelle revue tibétaine, 1985.
*Fox, Edward ''The Hungarian Who Walked to Heaven (Alexander Csoma de Koros 1784-1842)''. Short Books, 2001.

;Films
*''A Guest of Life'', a film by Tibor Szemző, 2006. [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0407702 IMDB]
*''Zangla – Path of Csoma'', a film by [[Zoltán Bonta]], 2008.

;Scholarly Articles
*"New Discoveries about Alexander Csoma de Kőrös and the Buddhist Monasteries of Northern India" by Judith Galántha Herman (Montreal), ''Lectures and Papers in Hungarian Studies'', no. 44.
*"Alexander Csoma de Kőrös the Hungarian Bodhisattva" by Dr. Ernest Hetenyi [http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/bot/pdf/bot_09_01_03.pdf PDF of the full text]

==Catalogue of the Csoma de Kőrös Collection==
*[http://real-eod.mtak.hu/69/ ''Collection of Tibetan mss. and xylographs of Alexander Csoma de Kőrös.''] József Terjék. Budapest : Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Könyvtára, 1976.
*Original copies of the ''Tibetan and English Dictionary'' and ''Grammar of the Tibetan Language in English'' are available at the British Library.

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Sándor Kőrösi Csoma}}
{{EB1911 poster|Csoma de Koros, Alexander}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100112011237/http://www.archivum.kcst.hu/ Csoma Archívum – Works of Alexander Csoma de Kőrös online (partly in English)]
* [http://csoma.mtak.hu/en/index.htm Alexander Csoma de Kőrös- founder of Tibetan studies, and his legacy in the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences]
* [https://archive.org/details/essaytowardsadi01tshgoog Essay Towards a Dictionary, Tibetan and English (1834)]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koeroesi Csoma Sandor}}
[[Category:19th-century Hungarian people]]
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Angry Young Men (miniseries)

2026-03-22T23:38:43Z

RaymondLoewentha:

{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{About|the 2024 documentary|the group of British authors of the 1950s|Angry young men|other uses|Angry young man (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Angry Young Men.jpg
| caption = Promotional poster
| genre = Documentary
| based_on =
| director = [[Namrata Rao]]
| creative_director = [[Zoya Akhtar]] (concept)
| starring = {{ubl|[[Salim Khan]]|[[Javed Akhtar]]|[[Amitabh Bachchan]]|[[Saif Ali Khan]]|[[Salman Khan]]|[[Farhan Akhtar]]|[[Zoya Akhtar]]|[[Jaya Bachchan]]|[[Hema Malini]]|[[Shabana Azmi]]|[[Dharmendra Deol]]|[[Aamir Khan]]|[[Hrithik Roshan]]|[[Karan Johar]]|[[Mahesh Bhatt]]|[[Ramesh Sippy]]|[[Anjum Rajabali]]}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 3
| executive_producer = {{ubl|Salma Khan|[[Salman Khan]]|[[Farhan Akhtar]]|[[Zoya Akhtar]]|[[Reema Kagti]]|[[Ritesh Sidhwani]]}}
| producer = {{ubl|[[Salman Khan Films]]|[[Excel Entertainment]]|[[Tiger Baby Films]]}}
| cinematography =
| editor = Geeta Singh
| camera =
| runtime =
| related =
| network = [[Amazon Prime Video]]
| released = {{Start date|2024|08|20|df=y}}
}}

'''''Angry Young Men''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Documentary film|documentary]] [[miniseries]] about the screenwriting duo [[Salim Khan]] and [[Javed Akhtar]], popularly known as [[Salim–Javed]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Angry Young Men Review: More warmth than anger in Salim-Javed documentary |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/more-warmth-than-anger-in-salim-javed-documentary-3160398 |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> Directed by [[Namrata Rao]] in her feature debut, the three-part series premiered on [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 20 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=22 August 2024 |title='Angry Young Men' docu-series review: Decoding Vijay with Salim Khan and Javed Akhtar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/angry-young-men-docu-series-review-decoding-vijay-with-salim-khan-and-javed-akhtar/article68553607.ece |access-date=17 June 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=5 reasons why you must watch Salim-Javed's docu-series 'Angry Young Men' |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/salim-javed-angry-young-men-review-daf4824e |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=@mathrubhumi |date=20 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Raavi |first=Sridhar |date=13 August 2024 |title=Angry Young Men: Star Studded Docu Leaves Salman Nervous |url=https://www.m9.news/what-to-watch-on-ott/angry-young-men-star-studded-docu-leaves-salman-nervous/ |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=M9.news |language=en-US}}</ref> It focuses on the professional journey of Salim–Javed and their influence on [[Hindi cinema]], especially through the creation of the [[amitabh_Bachchan#Rise_to_prominence_(1973–1974)|"angry young man" character type made popular by actor Amitabh Bachchan in the 1970s]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Angry Young Men: The Audacity of Salim and Javed |url=https://www.thevoiceoffashion.com/intersections/features/angry-young-men-the-audacity-of-salim-and-javed-6042 |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=www.thevoiceoffashion.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Angry Young Men on Prime Video offers an incisive exploration of Salim-Javed's legacy |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/angry-young-men-on-prime-video-offers-an-incisive-exploration-of-salim-javeds-legacy/cid/2042531}}</ref> The series uses a mix of archival footage and new interviews with actors, filmmakers, and family members.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=21 August 2024 |title=Making of Salim-Javed docu Angry Young Men: 800 hours of footage, inclusion of KGF star Yash and why Zoya Akhtar didn't want screenwriters' kids to direct it |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/making-of-salim-javed-docu-angry-young-men-800-hours-of-footage-inclusion-of-kgf-star-yash-and-why-zoya-akhtar-didnt-want-screenwriters-kids-to-direct-it-9523622/ |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Series summary ==
The series is divided into three episodes. The first episode, "Origins and Rise," begins with the early lives of [[Salim Khan]] and [[Javed Akhtar]] when they moved to [[Mumbai]], and struggled to establish themselves in the film industry. Salim Khan came from [[Indore]] with an interest in acting, while Javed Akhtar came from [[Bhopal]] with the aim of becoming a director, beginning as an assistant. The episode explores Salim’s roles as an actor in films such as ''Baraat'' (1960), ''Ramu Dada'' (1961), ''[[Professor (1962 film)]]'', and ''Bachpan'' (1963). He first met Javed on the set of ''[[Sarhadi Lutera]]'' (1966), with Salim as one of the stars and Javed as an assistant. After becoming friends, they worked as a [[Ghostwriter|ghostwriting team]], developing the screenplay for ''[[Adhikar (1971 film)|Adhikar]]'' (1971). This led to positions with director [[Ramesh Sippy]]'s company in the writing department. The episode then explores the birth of Salim-Javed as a writing team for films such as ''[[Andaz (1971 film)|Andaz]]'', ''[[Haathi Mere Saathi (1971 film)|Haathi Mere Saathi]]'', ''[[Seeta Aur Geeta]]'' (1972), and ''[[Yaadon Ki Baaraat]]'' (1973). The episode ends with the development of the "angry young man" character (drawn from the difficulties that they experienced in their earlier years). It is embodied as "Vijay" by the actor [[Amitabh Bachchan]] in ''[[Zanjeer (1973 film)|Zanjeer]]'' (1973).

The second episode, ''Golden Period'' highlights their rise, as well as that of "the angry young man" films (with Bachchan returning, often as “Vijay”). It highlights the two films that dominated 1975; ''[[Deewaar]]'' and ''[[Sholay]]'', both of which are now considered two of the greatest films in [[Hindi cinema]]. These films reflected reflected the angst and mood of [[History_of_India_(1947–present)#Indian_Emergency|India in the 1970s]], with regard to corruption, inequality, and public frustration. ''Deewar'' and ''Sholay'' in particular were released in the same year as [[The Emergency (India)|The Emergency]] in 1975. The episode also examines the popularity of the films ''[[Trishul (film)|Trishul]]'' (1978) and ''[[Shakti (1982 film)|Shakti]]'' (1982).

The third and final episode, ''Dissolution'' focuses on the films of the late 1970s and early 1980s, and the decline of their partnership. It begins with their first failure, ''[[Immaan Dharam]]'' (1977), and then explores the films that followed. Their next film ''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]'' (1978) was a huge success and so was ''[[Trishul (film)|Trishul]]'' (1978) and ''[[Kaala Patthar]]'' (1979). It concludes with an examination of ''[[Dostana (1980 film)|Dostana]]'' (1980) and ''[[Shaan (1980 film)|Shaan]]'' (1980). The episode ends with the dissolution of the partnership, with family members and colleagues speaking openly about the reasons behind their split.

The series also looks at how Salim–Javed changed the status of screenwriters in the Hindi film industry, as they were among the first to demand credit and higher pay, which led to better recognition for writers.

==List of Salim–Javed films featured in the series==
===Episode 1: Origins and Rise===
[[File:Angry Young Men1.jpg|thumb|[[Amitabh Bachchan]]'s rise as the 'Angry Young Man']]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:1.00em; line-height:1.5em;"
! Year
! Film
! Cast
! Director/Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1971 || rowspan="3" |''[[Andaz (1971 film)|Andaz]]''|| [[Shammi Kapoor]]|| rowspan="3" | Dir. [[Ramesh Sippy]]; Debut of [[Salim-Javed]]
|-
|[[Hema Malini]]
|-
|[[Rajesh Khanna]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1971 || rowspan="2" |''[[Haathi Mere Saathi (1971 film)|Haathi Mere Saathi]]''|| [[Rajesh Khanna]]|| rowspan="2" | Dir. [[M. A. Thirumugam]]
|-
|[[Tanuja]]
|-
| rowspan="5" |1972
| rowspan="5" |''[[Seeta Aur Geeta]]''
|[[Dharmendra]]
| rowspan="5" | Dir. Ramesh Sippy
|-
|[[Sanjeev Kumar]]
|-
| [[Hema Malini]]
|-
|[[Honey Irani]]
|-
|[[Manorama (Hindi actress)|Manorama]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1973 || rowspan="3" | ''[[Yaadon Ki Baaraat]]'' || [[Dharmendra]] || rowspan="3" | Dir. [[Nasir Hussain]]
|-
|[[Zeenat Aman]]
|-
|[[Neetu Singh]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1973 || rowspan="3" | ''[[Zanjeer (1973 film)|Zanjeer]]'' || [[Amitabh Bachchan]] || rowspan="3" | Dir. [[Prakash Mehra]]; Introduces the "angry young man," Vijay (embodied by [[Amitabh Bachchan]]); first collaboration between Salim-Javed and Bachchan.<ref name=open>[https://openthemagazine.com/cover-stories/the-cult-of-the-angry-young-man The Cult of the Angry Young Man]</ref>
|-
|[[Jaya Bhaduri]]
|-
|[[Pran (actor)|Pran]]
|-
|}

===Episode 2: Golden Period===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:1.00em; line-height:1.5em;"
! Year
! Film
! Cast
! Director/Notes
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1975 || rowspan="5" |''[[Deewaar]]'' ||Amitabh Bachchan || rowspan="5" | Dir. [[Yash Chopra]]; Considered a "landmark" in Hindi Cinema, developing the "angry young man" character "Vijay" (Amitabh Bachchan)<ref name=fifty>[https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/50-years-of-deewaar 'Deewaar' Turns 50: Amitabh Bachchan, Salim-Javed, and the Birth of the New Bollywood Hero]</ref> {{see also|The Romantics (TV series)}}
|-
|[[Shashi Kapoor]]
|-
|[[Neetu Singh]]
|-
|[[Parveen Babi]]
|-
|[[Nirupa Roy]]
|-
| rowspan="7" |1975 || rowspan="7" |''[[Sholay]]'' || [[Dharmendra]]|| rowspan="7" | Dir. [[Ramesh Sippy]]; Considered one of the greatest films of [[Hindi cinema]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Rahul |date=14 August 2015 |title=Sholay: The Star Wars of Bollywood? |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150813-sholay-the-star-wars-of-bollywood |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509192533/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150813-sholay-the-star-wars-of-bollywood |archive-date=9 May 2017 |access-date=28 November 2017 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> developing the "angry young man" character "Jai" (Amitabh Bachchan)<ref name=fifty/>
|-
|[[Amitabh Bachchan]]
|-
|[[Hema Malini]]
|-
|[[Jaya Bhaduri]]
|-
|[[Sanjeev Kumar]]
|-
|[[Helen (actress)|Helen]]
|-
|[[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]]
|-
| rowspan="4" |1978|| rowspan="4" | ''[[Trishul (film)|Trishul]]''|| [[Shashi Kapoor]] || rowspan="4" | Dir. Yash Chopra; Continues with "the angry young man" character "Vijay" (Amitabh Bachchan)<ref name=audiences>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/why-audience-loved-the-angry-young-man/articleshow/92899275.cms Why audiences loved the angry young man]</ref>
|-
|[[Amitabh Bachchan]]
|-
|[[Hema Malini]]
|-
|[[Raakhee]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |1982|| rowspan="2" | ''[[Shakti (1982 film)|Shakti]]''|| [[Amitabh Bachchan]] || rowspan="2" |Dir. Ramesh Sippy; Continues with "the angry young man" character "Vijay" (Amitabh Bachchan)<ref name=audiences/>
|-
|[[Dilip Kumar]]
|}

===Episode 3: Dissolution ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:1.00em; line-height:1.5em;"
! Year
! Film
! Cast
! Director/Notes
|-
| rowspan="6" |1977 || rowspan="6" |''[[Immaan Dharam]]'' || [[Shashi Kapoor]]|| rowspan="6" | Dir. Desh Muckherjee
|-
|[[Amitabh Bachchan]]
|-
|[[Rekha]]
|-
|[[Aparna Sen]]
|-
|[[Helen (actress)|Helen]]
|-
|[[Prem Chopra]]
|-
| rowspan="6" |1978 || rowspan="6" |''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]'' || [[Amitabh Bachchan]]|| rowspan="6" | Dir. [[Chandra Barot]]; Continues with "the angry young man" character "Don" and "Vijay" (Amitabh Bachchan)<ref name=iconic>[https://www.gqindia.com/content/amitabh-bachchans-8-iconic-roles-that-made-him-the-undisputed-angry-young-man-of-bollywood Amitabh Bachchan's 8 iconic roles that made him the undisputed Angry Young Man of Bollywood]</ref>
|-
|[[Zeenat Aman]]
|-
|[[Helen (actress)|Helen]]
|-
|[[Pran (actor)|Pran]]
|-
|[[Iftekhar]]
|-
|[[Om Shivpuri]]
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1979 || rowspan="4" | ''[[Kaala Patthar]]'' || [[Amitabh Bachchan]] || rowspan="4" | Dir. [[Yash Chopra]]; Continues with the "angry young man" character Vijay (embodied by Amitabh Bachchan)<ref name=open/>
|-
|[[Shashi Kapoor]]
|-
|[[Parveen Babi]]
|-
|[[Neetu Singh]]
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1980 || rowspan="4" | ''[[Dostana (1980 film)|Dostana]]'' || [[Amitabh Bachchan]] || rowspan="4" | Dir. [[Raj Khosla]]; Continues with the "angry young man" character Vijay (embodied by Amitabh Bachchan)<ref name=fascinating>[https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/angry-young-men-review-a-fascinating-peek-into-the-salim-javed-story-19462774.htm Angry Young Men review: A fascinating peek into the Salim-Javed story]</ref>
|-
|[[Zeenat Aman]]
|-
|[[Helen (actress)|Helen]]
|-
|[[Pran (actor)|Pran]]
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1980 || rowspan="4" | ''[[Shaan (1980 film)|Shaan]]'' || [[Amitabh Bachchan]] || rowspan="4" | Dir. [[Ramesh Sippy]]; Continues with the "angry young man" character Vijay (embodied by Amitabh Bachchan)<ref name=fascinating/>
|-
|[[Shashi Kapoor]]
|-
|[[Sunil Dutt]]
|-
|[[Helen (actress)|Helen]]
|-
|}

== Featured interviews ==
===Main===
* [[Salim Khan]]
* [[Javed Akhtar]]

=== Actors ===
*[[Farhan Akhtar]]
*[[Shabana Azmi]]
*[[Amitabh Bachchan]]
*[[Abhishek Bachchan]]
*[[Jaya Bachchan]]
*[[Dharmendra Deol]]
*[[Helen (actress)|Helen]]
*[[Kareena Kapoor]]
*[[Arbaaz Khan]]
*[[Aamir Khan]]
*[[Salman Khan]]
*[[Shah Rukh Khan]]
*[[Hema Malini]]
*[[Hrithik Roshan]]
*[[Saif Ali Khan]]
*[[Ranveer Singh]]
*[[Shatrughan Sinha]]
*[[Yash (actor)|Yash]]

=== Filmmakers ===
* [[Zoya Akhtar]]
*[[Shyam Benegal]]
* [[Mahesh Bhatt]]
*[[Yash Chopra]]
*[[Rajkumar Hirani]]
* [[Karan Johar]]
*[[Reema Kagti]]
*[[Farah Khan]]
* [[Ramesh Sippy]]

=== Writers, musicians, and critics ===
*[[Shweta Bachchan Nanda]]
*[[Anupama Chopra]]
* [[Honey Irani]]
*[[Abhijat Joshi]]
*[[A.R. Rahman]]
* [[Anjum Rajabali]]
*[[Jaideep Sahni]]

== Production ==
The series was directed by [[Namrata Rao]], a [[National Film Awards|National Award]]-winning film editor. Although the idea for the documentary came from [[Zoya Akhtar]], she chose not to direct it herself, saying it would be too personal. Rao aimed to maintain objectivity while telling the story of [[Salim–Javed]]. Filming took place over three years, including during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]]. The team collected more than 800 hours of footage, which was later edited into three episodes with help from editor Geeta Singh. The series was produced by [[Salman Khan Films]], [[Excel Entertainment|Excel Media & Entertainment]] (owned by [[Farhan Akhtar]]), and Tiger Baby (founded by [[Zoya Akhtar]] and [[Reema Kagti]]).<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Angry Young Man Trailer Launch |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/angry-young-men-trailer-launch-salman-khan-says-salim-javed-both-put-their-lifes-experiences-into-films-article-12795747.html}}</ref> Executive producers include [[Salma Khan]], [[Salman Khan]], [[Farhan Akhtar]], [[Zoya Akhtar]], [[Reema Kagti]], and [[Ritesh Sidhwani]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

Rao deliberately chose to interview [[Salim Khan]] and [[Javed Akhtar]] separately in order to allow each writer to focus on his personal story.<ref name=choice>{{cite web
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/zoya-akhtar-reveals-reason-behind-salim-javeds-separate-interviews-in-angry-young-men/articleshow/112978454.cms
|title=Zoya Akhtar reveals reason behind Salim-Javed's separate interviews in ''Angry Young Men''
|access-date=20 October 2025
|last=
|first=
|date=2 September 2024
|work=[[Times of India]]
}}</ref> The series also includes views from women in their families and industry colleagues, touching upon how their films portrayed female characters.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2024 |title=Excited for Salim-Javed's Angry Young Men? Until then watch these 7 iconic & must-watch movies by the writer duo that changed Indian cinema forever; on Amazon Prime Video & other OTT platforms |url=https://www.gqindia.com/binge-watch/collection/excited-for-salim-javed-angry-young-men-watch-their-7-iconic-and-must-watch-movies-on-amazon-prime-video-and-other-ott-platforms |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=GQ India |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''[[Filmfare]]'' gave the series 5 out of 5 stars and described it as a "must-watch."<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/ott/angry-young-men-review-salim-khan-javed-akhtar-are-the-og-rockstars-67930.html|title=Angry Young Men Review: Salim Khan & Javed Akhtar are the OG rockstars |access-date=20 October 2025 |via=flimfare.come}}</ref> ''[[NDTV]]'' says that it “does a perfect job of spotlighting the cornerstones of the Salim Khan-Javed Akhtar partnership that, in the 1970s, yielded a few of the greatest Hindi megahits” while also not being a hagiography.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Angry Young Men Review: Absolutely Deserving Of A Documentary Mini-Series Treatment |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/angry-young-men-review-absolutely-deserving-of-a-documentary-mini-series-treatment-4-stars-6375475 |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref> ''[[India Today]]'' (4/5) says that the documentary is as "engaging as any full-blown masala entertainer.”<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2024 |title='Angry Young Men' review: A fitting tribute to Salim-Javed's stardom and angst |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/television/story/angry-young-men-review-prime-video-series-is-fitting-tribute-to-salim-javed-stardom-and-angst-2585239-2024-08-20 |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' (4/5) states that the film "is as much a reality check on the downside of success as much as it’s a fitting tribute to the glorious journey of screenwriting duo Salim Khan and Javed Akhtar."<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/angry-young-men/season-1/seasonreview/112623889.cms |title=Angry Young Men Season 1 Review: Salim-Javed deliver yet another blockbuster |access-date=17 June 2025 |via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]'' argues that it is “pleasurable, comforting and fun. But it’s also limited in its perspective, and unwilling to critically examine its subjects beyond a point.”<ref name=wire>{{Cite web |title=Angry Young Men: A Starstruck Docu-Series That Doesn't Ask Tough Questions of Its Subjects |url=https://thewire.in/film/angry-young-men-starstruck-no-tough-questions |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Livemint]]'' says that "despite all the interviews they gave and books written on their films, there was still a lot we didn’t know about Salim-Javed. After 135 minutes, we still don’t."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhatia |first=Uday |date=27 August 2024 |title='Angry Young Men' review: A soft-hearted tribute and a missed opportunity |url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/art-and-culture/angry-young-men-review-series-salim-javed-amitabh-bachchan-sholay-namrata-rao-11724739355443.html |website=Mint}}</ref> [[Sukanya Verma]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' suggests that the documentary "lacks that IT factor, a sense of exclusivity befitting their legend."<ref>{{Cite web |last=VERMA |first=SUKANYA |title=Angry Young Men Review: Seeking Salim-Javed |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/angry-young-men-review/20240820.htm |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
*''[[The Romantics (series)|The Romantics (documentary)]]'' (2023)
*''[[The Roshans]]'' (2025)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=14866598}}
* ''[https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Angry-Young-Men/0PCKSMVTFQD30VBOCO3CMTDIXJ Angry Young Men]'' on [[Amazon Prime]]
*''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdl9O9oZ8Vs Icons In Conversation ft. Salim-Javed, Salman, Farhan, Zoya, Namrata and Farah, Angry Young Men]'' - [[Amazon Prime]] India
*"[https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/salim-javed-angry-young-men-prime-video-1236108804/ ‘Angry Young Men’: Inside Prime Video’s Documentary Series on Bollywood Screenwriting Legends Salim-Javed (EXCLUSIVE)]" - [[Variety (magazine)]], August 2024.
*[https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/javed-akhtar-and-salim-khan-attend-the-trailer-launch-of-news-photo/2166602112 Javed Akhtar and Salim Khan at trailer launch], 13 August 2024.

{{Salim-Javed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Angry Young Men (mini series)}}
[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2020s Indian television miniseries]]
[[Category:Documentary television series about films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Salim–Javed]]
[[Category:Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian documentary television series]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Amitabh Bachchan]]

Ruchita Misra

2026-03-21T19:48:01Z

RaymondLoewentha: Started New Post

{{Short description|Indian author}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox writer
| alma_mater = [[Indian Institute of Foreign Trade]], [[Institute of Engineering and Technology]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|2|2|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| language = English
| education = B.Tech (Information Technology), 
MBA
| awards = [[Awadh Samman]]
| image = Ruchita Misra.jpg
| nationality = [[India]]n
| citizenship = [[India]]
| website = [http://www.ruchitamisra.com/ Ruchita Misra]
| occupation = Author, Speaker, Entrepreneur, Sales Director
}}

'''Ruchita Misra''' is a British podcaster. She hosts and produces 'No Ordinary Life' with one new episode coming out every third Wednesday of the month. She is also a bestselling author.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ruchita Misra {{!}} Official Website:: Author of The (In)eligible Bachelors |url=http://www.ruchitamisra.com/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=www.ruchitamisra.com}}</ref> She was born and raised in [[Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh.<ref name=":0" />

She was awarded the [[Awadh Samman]] in 2012 for her contribution to the field of literature by the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Zee TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-08 |title=Ruchita Misra {{!}} Indieicons |url=http://indieicons.com/ruchita-misra |access-date=2023-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408105318/http://indieicons.com/ruchita-misra |archive-date=2016-04-08 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-17 |title=Author Ruchita Misra awarded the Awadh Samman for The (In)eligible Bachelors, Video - Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/topic/person/akhilesh-yadav-author-ruchita-misra-awarded-the-awadh-samman-for-the-ineligible-bachelors-video-AKzlR62j2XY-59378-1.html |access-date=2023-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317164313/http://www.firstpost.com/topic/person/akhilesh-yadav-author-ruchita-misra-awarded-the-awadh-samman-for-the-ineligible-bachelors-video-AKzlR62j2XY-59378-1.html |archive-date=2016-03-17 }}</ref>

An MBA and Triple gold medalist from the [[Indian Institute of Foreign Trade]], [[New Delhi]], she has previously worked with [[Bharti Telecom]] and now lives in [[London]]. She currently heads sales at an American music company.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=2017-02-09 |title=A time to love |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/A-time-to-love/article17269408.ece |access-date=2023-03-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Ruchita Misra was born and brought up in Lucknow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-16 |title=Ruchita Misra — Author Interview |url=https://www.drroopleen.com/ruchita-misra-author-interview/ |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=DrRoopleen.com |language=en-US}}</ref> She did her schooling from [[La Martinière College, Lucknow]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-05-01 |title=Booked for Bollywood - Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Booked-for-Bollywood/Article1-743578.aspx |access-date=2023-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501134411/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Booked-for-Bollywood/Article1-743578.aspx |archive-date=2012-05-01 }}</ref> She did her B.Tech from [[Institute of Engineering and Technology|Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow]] and was rank 1.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2011-09-24 |title=Interview: Ruchita Misra, author of 'The (In)eligible Bachelors' |url=http://betweenthelines.in/2011/09/interview-ruchita-misra/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Between The Lines |language=en-US}}</ref> Later she joined the [[Indian Institute of Foreign Trade]] for her MBA and was awarded three gold medals including the Best Outgoing Student Medal.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Ruchita Misra |url=https://harpercollins.co.in/author-details/ruchita-misra/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=HarperCollins Publishers India}}</ref>

== Work ==
Ruchita is the host and producer of the podcast 'No Ordinary Life' where Ruchita interviews ordinary people with extraordinary stories. It is a video podcast available on many platforms including [[YouTube]] and [[Spotify]].

The podcast can be found here
* [https://www.youtube.com/@noordinarylifebyruchitamisra YouTube link: No Ordinary Life ]

Ruchita Misra has authored six books till date.

* ''The (In)eligible Bachelors'' (Rupa & Co., 2012)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Misra |first=Ruchita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=balHtwAACAAJ |title=The (In)Eligible Bachelors |date=August 2011 |publisher=Rupa Publications |isbn=978-81-291-1863-9 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''I Do! Do I?'' (HarperCollins, 2014)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Misra |first=Ruchita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NilEBQAAQBAJ |title=I Do! Do I? |date=2014-09-01 |publisher=Harper Collins |isbn=978-93-5136-333-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Smita |title=I have written two books in London Tube: Ruchita Misra |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/interviews/i-have-written-two-books-in-london-tube-ruchita-misra/articleshow/57247842.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-03-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* ''Second chance at Love'' (HarperCollins, 2015)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Misra |first=Ruchita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=viZMDQAAQBAJ |title=Second Chance at Love |date=2015-12-10 |publisher=Harper Collins |isbn=978-93-5177-595-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=True love deserves million chances, says author Ruchita Misra |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/what-s-hot/story/true-love-deserves-million-chances-second-chance-at-love-harpercollins-author-ruchita-misra-308575-2016-02-13 |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* ''Someone to Love'' (HarperCollins, 2016)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Misra |first=Ruchita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sbRCDgAAQBAJ |title=Someone to Love |date=2016-12-10 |publisher=Harper Collins |isbn=978-93-5264-164-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Book Review: Someone to Love by Ruchita Misra |url=https://www.eatmy.news/2021/08/book-review-someone-to-love-by-ruchita.html |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=Eat My News}}</ref>
* ''Can This Be Love'' (HarperCollins, 2017)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Misra |first=Ruchita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oVGaDgAAQBAJ |title=Can This Be Love? |date=2017-01-10 |publisher=Harper Collins |isbn=978-93-5264-388-2 |language=en}}</ref>
*''Her One True Love'' (Harper Collins, 2023)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Misra |first=Ruchita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SIHkEAAAQBAJ |title=Her One True Love |date=2023-12-18 |publisher=HarperCollins India |isbn=978-93-5699-612-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=TNA |first=Team |title=City Girl Ruchita Misra To Launch Her Latest Novel 'Her One True Love' In Lucknow On Thursday |url=https://www.thenewsagency.in/weekly-columns/the-saturday-book-review/city-girl-ruchita-misra-to-launch-her-latest-novel-her-one-true-love-in-lucknow-on-thursday |access-date=2024-01-08 |website=The News Agency |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Misra |first=Ruchita |date=2023-12-11 |title=Romance fiction: Ika is married, Fredrick is engaged. Is it too late for them to be together? |url=https://scroll.in/article/1059629/romance-fiction-ika-is-married-fredrick-is-engaged-is-it-too-late-for-them-to-be-together |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Awards ==
* [[Awadh Samman]] 2012: For her contributions to the field of Literature.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2014-11-17 |title=Awadh Samman awardee Ruchita Misra's book reading session in Lucknow |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/awadh-samman-awardee-ruchita-misras-book-reading-session-in-lucknow/articleshow/45173414.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-02-10 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Misra, Ruchita}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Writers from Lucknow]]
[[Category:People from Lucknow district]]
[[Category:IET Lucknow alumni]]

St. Aloysius Evening College, Mangaluru

2026-03-18T14:14:35Z

RaymondLoewentha: Redirect page

#REDIRECT [[List of Jesuit educational institutions#Karnataka]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
}}

Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front

2026-03-16T15:14:49Z

RaymondLoewentha: minor edit

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front
| native_name = '''ஈழமக்கள் புரட்சிகர விடுதலை முன்னணி''' ඊලාම් ජනතා විප්ලවවාදී විමුක්ති පෙරමුණ
| lang1 = Tamil
| colorcode = Red
| founder = [[K. Pathmanabha]] [[Suresh Premachandran]]
| leader1_title = Secretary
| leader1_name = [[Suresh Premachandran]] (Suresh wing)
| founded = 1980
| split = [[Eelam Revolutionary Organisation of Students|EROS]]
| position = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]
| headquarters = 85/9 Pokuna Road, Hendala, [[Wattala]] (Suresh wing) 15C Summit Flats, Keppetipola Mawatha, [[Colombo]] 07 (Padmanaba wing)
| ideology = {{Nowrap|[[Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism|Tamil nationalism]] [[Secularism]]}}
| national = [[Tamil People's National Alliance|TPNA]] (Suresh wing) [[Democratic Tamil National Alliance]] (Padmanaba wing)
| symbol = Flower (Suresh wing) Candle (Padmanaba wing)
| website = [https://www.facebook.com/p/EPRLF-100068980996955/ (Suresh wing)]
| country = Sri Lanka
}}
The '''Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front''' ('''EPRLF''') is a series of [[Sri Lanka]]n political parties and a former [[Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups|militant separatist group]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tamil Militant Groups |url=https://countrystudies.us/sri-lanka/72.htm |website=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]] |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |access-date=21 March 2021 |location=Washington, D.C., U.S.}}</ref>

==Militant separatists==
The EPRLF was formed in 1980 by [[K. Pathmanabha]] (Padmanaba), Douglas Devananda, Suresh Premachandran and Varatharajah Perumal as a breakaway faction of the [[Eelam Revolutionary Organisation of Students]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sangam.org/taraki/articles/2006/05-05_LTTE_30th.php?uid=1720|title=Celebrating the LTTE's 30th Anniversary|last=Sri Kantha|first=Sachi|date=5 May 2006|publisher=Ilankai Tamil Sangam|access-date=14 December 2009}}</ref>

In 1982 the EPRLF formed a military wing, ''People's Liberation Army'', headed by [[Douglas Devananda]]. The PLA is believed to have received military training by the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]].

In early 1986 disputes amongst the EPRLF leadership led to it splitting into two factions: ''EPRLF (Ranjan)'' and ''EPRLF (Douglas)''.

In late 1986 the [[Tamil Tigers]] attacked the EPRLF, inflicting heavy losses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uthr.org/Reports/Report1/Appendix1.htm|title=The Snares of Violence|publisher=[[University Teachers for Human Rights]]|access-date=14 December 2009}}</ref> Many of its cadres were killed or taken prisoner and its camps and weapons were seized by the Tigers. Douglas Devananda was blamed for the debacle.

In 1987 the ''EPRLF (Douglas)'' faction formally split from the EPRLF. It initially formed the [[Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front]] with a breakaway faction of the [[People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam]] led by Paranthan Rajan, but later transformed itself into the [[Eelam People's Democratic Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sangam.org/ANALYSIS_ARCHIVES/Jeyaraj_11_22_01.htm|title=The Douglas Devananda phenomenon|last=DBS Jeyaraj|author-link=|date=22 November 2001|publisher=The Sunday Leader, Sri Lanka|access-date=14 December 2009}}</ref>

==Political party==
After its military defeat by the Tamil Tigers the EPRLF transformed itself into political party and allied itself with the [[Indian Peace Keeping Force]] (IPKF) who were occupying much of Northern and Eastern Sri Lanka.

The EPRLF's first foray into politics came in the flawed [[November 1988 Sri Lankan Provincial Council elections|1988 provincial council elections]]. With the assistance of IPKF the EPRLF secured 41 of the 71 seats on the [[North Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|North Eastern Provincial Council]].<ref>{{cite magazine |date=December 1988 |title=Election Results |magazine=[[Tamil Times]] |volume= VIII |issue= 1 |page=4 |issn=0266-4488 }}</ref> On 10 December 1988 [[Annamalai Varadaraja Perumal|Varatharajah Perumal]] became the first Chief Minister of the North Eastern Provincial Council.<ref>{{cite web |author=K T Rajasingham |title=Sri Lanka" The Untold Story |url=http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DD20Df03.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020427122344/http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DD20Df03.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=27 April 2002 |date=20 April 2002|publisher= Asia Times |access-date=28 June 2009}}</ref>

The EPRLF formed an alliance with the [[Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front]], [[Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization]] and [[Tamil United Liberation Front]] to contest the [[1989 Sri Lankan parliamentary election|1989 parliamentary elections]]. The alliance won 188,593 votes (3.40%), securing 10 of the 225 seats in [[Parliament of Sri Lanka|Parliament]]. 7 of the 10 alliance MPs were from the EPRLF.

On 1 March 1990, just as the IPKF were preparing to withdraw from Sri Lanka, Varatharajah Permual moved a motion in the North Eastern Provincial Council [[Declaration of independence|declaring]] an [[Independence|independent]] [[Tamil Eelam|Eelam]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Shamindra Ferdinando |title=I'm no traitor, says Perumal |url=http://www.priu.gov.lk/news_update/features/20000912no_traitor.htm |date=10 September 2000 |publisher=Sunday Island, Sri Lanka |access-date=28 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501173226/http://www.priu.gov.lk/news_update/features/20000912no_traitor.htm |archive-date=1 May 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Ranasinghe Premadasa|President Premadasa]] reacted to Permual's UDI by dissolving the provincial council and imposing direct rule on the province. The EPRLF's leadership fled to [[Madras]] (now [[Chennai]]), [[India]].<ref>{{cite magazine|first=T.S.|last=Subramanian|date=15 November 1997|title=PADMANABHA MURDER CASE: End of a trial|magazine=Frontline|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|volume=14|issue=23|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1423/14231260.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028144049/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1423/14231260.htm|archive-date=28 October 2008}}</ref>

On 19 June 1990 the Tamil Tigers [[Padmanabha murder case|attacked]] an EPRLF meeting in Madras, murdering thirteen EPRLF members including leader K. Padmanaba, [[Jaffna Electoral District|Jaffna District]] MP [[G. Yogasangari]] and former [[North Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|North Eastern Province]] Finance Minister P. Kirubakaran.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=T.S.|last=Subramanian|date=14 August 1999|title=SRI LANKA: Chronicle of murders|magazine=Frontline|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|volume=16|issue=17|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1617/16171020.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709205128/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1617/16171020.htm|archive-date=9 July 2010}}</ref>

In 1997, after the [[Military of Sri Lanka|Sri Lankan military]] had recaptured the [[Jaffna Peninsula]] from the Tamil Tigers, the EPRLF re-opened its [[Jaffna]] office.<ref name="UTHR">{{cite web|url=http://www.uthr.org/Statements/Subathiran.htm|title=The Murder of T. Subathiran : Sri Lanka's End Game|date=15 June 2003|publisher=[[University Teachers for Human Rights]]|access-date=14 December 2009|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192209/http://www.uthr.org/Statements/Subathiran.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> It took part in the [[1998 Sri Lankan local government elections|1998 local elections]] held in the peninsula and was able to win 13,140 votes (14.35%), winning 25 seats across 11 local councils.<ref>{{cite web |title=Election commissioner releases results |url=http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=814 |date=30 January 1998|publisher= [[TamilNet]] |access-date=4 July 2009}}</ref>

The party broke into two factions in 1999 when its General Secretary [[Kandaiah Premachandran|Kandaiah "Suresh" Premachandran]] made a deal with the Tamil Tigers.<ref name="UTHR"/> The majority of the party formed the ''EPRLF (Varathar) wing'' under the leadership of Varatharajah Perumal whilst the rest formed the ''EPRLF (Suresh) wing'' under the leadership of Suresh Premachandran.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=DBS Jeyaraj|author-link=|date=5 July 2003|title=The killing spree|magazine=Frontline|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|volume=20|issue=14|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2014/stories/20030718006713000.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516161734/http://hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2014/stories/20030718006713000.htm|archive-date=16 May 2011}}</ref> Crucially Suresh had control of most of the EPRLF's assets as well as its name (as registered with the Sri Lankan Department of Elections).<ref name="UTHR"/>

===Suresh wing===
The ''Suresh wing'' joined other pro-Tamil Tiger parties in 2001 to form the [[Tamil National Alliance]] (TNA).

====2001 Parliamentary General Election====
{{Tamil National Alliance 2001 parliamentary election results}}

====2004 Parliamentary General Election====
{{Tamil National Alliance 2004 parliamentary election results}}

====2010 Parliamentary General Election====
{{Tamil National Alliance 2010 parliamentary election results}}

===Varathar wing / Padmanaba wing===
The ''Varathar wing'' has restyled itself as the ''Padmanaba wing'', after its murdered leader. It is registered as a political party with the Sri Lankan Department of Elections under the name of ''Padmanaba Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pp.html |title=Political Parties |publisher=Department of Elections, Sri Lanka |access-date=14 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805182845/http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pp.html |archive-date=5 August 2012 }}</ref> In 2008 it joined with other anti-Tamil Tiger parties to form the [[Tamil Democratic National Alliance]] (later restyled [[Democratic Tamil National Alliance]]) to contest provincial and local elections.

The wing's de facto leader (Varatharajah Perumal is in exile in India) Kandiah "Robert" Subathiran was murdered on 14 June 2003.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?artid=9205&catid=13|title=EPRLF Varathar wing senior member shot dead in Jaffna|date=14 June 2003|publisher=[[TamilNet]]|access-date=14 December 2009}}</ref> The wing's current General Secretary (and de facto leader) is Thirunavukkarasu Sritharan (Sridharan).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sundaytimes.lk/070826/News/nws1.html|title=Government sidelines Karuna, promotes new front in East|last=Kamalendran|first=Chris|date=26 August 2007|publisher=Sunday Times, Sri Lanka|access-date=14 December 2009}}</ref>

==Paramilitary group==
There have been repeated allegations that various factions of the EPRLF, despite their claim to have given up violence, operate armed wings which have worked with the IPKF and [[Sri Lankan Army]]. A group composed of former EPRLF cadres known as ''Razeek Group'' works along with the [[Sri Lankan Army]] as a [[paramilitary]] group in activities against the Tamil Tigers in the [[Batticaloa]] region. They have also been accused of indulging in massacres, kidnappings and torture <ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20070617155002/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1613/16130550.htm Another human bomb]}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.eprlfnet.com/ EPRLF (Padmanaba wing)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006054150/http://www.eprlfnet.com/ |date=6 October 2015 }}

{{Sri Lankan political parties}}
{{Sri Lankan Civil War}}
{{Sri Lankan Tamil people}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front| ]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan Tamil nationalist parties]]
[[Category:Tamil Eelam]]
[[Category:Foreign intervention in the Sri Lankan civil war]]
[[Category:Indian Peace Keeping Force]]
[[Category:Paramilitary organisations based in Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:1980 establishments in Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1980]]

M. Dod de Verna

2026-03-14T21:58:44Z

RaymondLoewentha: created a details added tags...

{{Short description|Indian singer and composer (1933–1970)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = M. Dod de Verna
| image = M. Dod de Verna.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Dourado during his youth
| birth_name = Miguel Santana Dourado
| birth_place = [[Verna, Goa]], [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Empire]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1933|11|2|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Goa]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|1970|3|8|1933|11|2|df=y}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer|composer|playwright|director}}
| years_active = {{circa|1951}}–1970
| spouse = {{marriage|Ana Vales|1959}}
| children = 4
}}

'''Miguel Santana Dourado''' (2 November 1933 – 8 March 1970), known professionally as '''M. Dod de Verna''', was an Indian singer, composer, playwright, [[theatre director]], and actor who worked on the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]].

==Early life==
Miguel Santana Dourado was born on 2 November 1933 in [[Verna, Goa]] which was part of [[Portuguese India]] during the [[Portuguese Empire]] to Domingos Dourado, and Ana Maria Fernandes, a [[homemaker]] into a [[Goan Catholic]] family. He had an elder sister, Filomena (b. 1931).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=30 June 2006 |title=Registo De Nascimento |url=https://goaonline.gov.in/Appln/UIL/BirthDeathCertificate_af?__Key=&_Mode=B&__cscKey= |access-date=10 August 2023 |website=Goa Online |archive-date=10 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810131321/https://goaonline.gov.in/HomePage |url-status=live}}</ref> He hailed from Mazilvaddo, Verna, Goa. Dourado exhibited a talent for singing from an early age and drew inspiration from ''[[tiatrist]]s'' such as [[A. R. Souza Ferrão]] and [[Minguel Rod]].<ref name=":1" /> During his childhood, he actively participated in local village concerts. However, he initially relied on borrowing songs from friends and well-wishers due to his limited knowledge of music composition. His involvement in the performing arts also extended to acting, albeit in minor roles within his village community. As he matured and gained experience on stage, Dourado gradually honed his skills and began composing his own songs.<ref name=":0" />

==Career==
During his formative years, Dourado embarked on his creative journey by crafting his inaugural ''[[tiatr]]'' production, ''Konnanchi Girestkai?'' (Whose Wealth?) at the age of 18. The staging of this ''tiatr'' in his native village of [[Verna, Goa|Verna]] marked a milestone in Dourado's career. Although he had initially pursued [[tailoring]] as a [[vocation]], his passion for ''tiatr'' propelled him forward. Recognizing the pivotal role of [[Bombay]] as the epicenter of ''tiatr'', Dourado ventured to the city with aspirations of establishing himself as a ''[[tiatrist]]''. However, he encountered formidable challenges in this pursuit. The ''tiatr'' landscape in Bombay was firmly dominated by a select group of ''tiatrists'', and acceptance as a newcomer, whether as an actor or singer, was an arduous task. To overcome these obstacles, Dourado commenced his journey from the grassroots level, actively participating in [[Music competition|singing competitions]] organized by various associations.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Gracias |first=Michael |title=TIATR 125th Anniversary Commemorative Volume |publisher=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] |year=2019 |location=[[Panaji, Goa]] |pages=58–59, 44}}</ref> He consistently emerged victorious in these competitions. A particularly event took place when Dourado's abilities caught the attention of [[A. R. Souza Ferrão]], who witnessed his triumph in a competition. Impressed by Dourado's prowess, Ferrão extended an opportunity to him to showcase his vocal abilities in the commercially produced ''tiatr Camil Bottler'', written by [[John Claro]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Wilson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art & Culture |pages=136–138 |language=en |access-date=2024-03-09 |archive-date=2024-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107200151/https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Dourado's debut performance in ''Camil Bottler'' took place on 25 December 1953, at the Princess Theatre Bhangwadi in Bombay. The success of this performance served as a catalyst for his career, garnering acclaim and igniting interest from other directors. Although initially reliant on borrowing [[Composition (music)|composition]]s from other artists, Dourado gradually honed his skills as a composer, eventually mastering the art of crafting his own music. Dourado became one of the leading ''tiatrists'' of his era.<ref name=":1" /> Dourado's acting career began with modest roles, showcasing his abilities and establishing him as a performer. He quickly gained recognition by appearing in ''tiatrs'' alongside veterans such as [[C. Alvares]], A. R. Souza Ferrão, [[Anthony De Sa (actor)|Anthony De Sa]], [[Anthony Mendes]], Andrew Ferns, [[Master Vaz]], [[Remmie Colaço]], and others. During his time in Bombay, he ventured into playwriting, creating two of his own ''tiatrs'' and staging them. Unfortunately, these productions did not achieve success, prompting him to reassess his prospects in Bombay. Consequently, he made the decision to return to his hometown of [[Goa]], where his previous accomplishments in Bombay had already garnered him a level of fame. As a result, he found it considerably easier to secure roles in ''tiatrs'' in Goa. Furthermore, Dourado's singing abilities began to captivate audiences in Goa, contributing to his growing popularity. On occasion, he collaborated with Master Vaz and Young Menezes to form vocal [[trio (music)|trios]].<ref name=":0" />

Dourado later joined the Stars of Goa Stage [[theatrical troupe|group]], which occupied a prominent position in the [[Goan]] drama scene at that time. His colleagues in the group included [[Nelson Afonso]], Young Menezes, Tony Sax, Luis Rod, [[Aristides Dias]], [[A. S. Conception]], Champion Peter, Peter Gomes, and [[Jacinto Vaz]]. However, the group encountered its fair share of challenges, leading to its dissolution. Dourado promptly became a member of a newly formed ensemble known as the Young Stars of Goa. This group, comprising individuals such as Nelson Afonso, Young Menezes, Tony Sax, Champion Peter, Jacinto Vaz, A. S. Conception, Aristides Dias, and others, exerted a dominant presence on the Goan tiatr stage.<ref name=":0" /> Dourado's involvement with this group persisted, and he frequently performed the [[Theme music|opening songs]] in their ''[[tiatrs]]''. He also engaged in duets with [[Aristides Dias]] or [[Sabina Fernandes]], as well as collaborating with [[Platilda Dias]], [[Philomena Braz]], and [[Nelson Afonso]]. Dourado initially embarked on his career as a singer on the ''tiatr'' stage, however, his artistic prowess extended beyond his vocal abilities, as he soon ventured into enacting [[cameo role]]s. Dourado's association with [[All India Radio]], [[Panaji]], provided him with a platform to record several songs, which continue to be periodically [[radio broadcasting|broadcast]]. As his career progressed, Dourado's creative talent flourished, particularly in the realm of playwriting. He authored and staged a body of ''tiatrs''. Dourado became a regular director for the Young Stars of Goa group.<ref name=":1" />

Dourado wrote and directed approximately 15 ''tiatrs''. Among his popular works are the ''tiatrs'', ''Bognar'', ''Honrad Tarvotti'', ''Motlobi Podonn'', ''Kallzacho Aunddo'', ''No Vacancy'', ''Obrigassum vou Devosaum'', ''Soirikar Salu'', ''Moriad'', ''Sothechem Ghor'', ''Goenchi Mati'', ''Rinnkari'', ''Gottalo'', and ''Thevoi Thomas''. Dourado's influence extended beyond his creative endeavors. He played a pivotal role in nurturing and encouraging emerging talents within the ''tiatr'' community. He dedicated his efforts to training village boys in the art of ''[[Tiatr#Khell tiatr|khell]]'' performances, a traditional [[Goan]] folk theatre form. Dourado's ''khells'', written achieved success. In addition to his accomplishments as a playwright and director, Dourado composed and performed a [[repertoire]] of songs. His compositions, such as "Handbilam Maddoitat, Joker Zauncho Poddlo," "Karddam," "Göychi Fenni," "Bodol'lam Chart," "Göychem Eleisanv," "Noko Aslolo Monis," "Devacho Upordes," "Devacho Gutt," and "Birankull Horam," resonated with audiences.<ref name=":0" /> Dourado's artistic endeavors conveyed meaningful messages, tackling a diverse array of social, cultural, and [[moral]] themes. His ''tiatrs'' in this regard include ''Konnachi Girestkai?'', ''Honrad Tarvotti'', ''Motlobi Podonn'', ''Kallzacho Aunddo'', ''Göychi Mati'', and ''Thevoi Thomas''. Throughout his career, Dourado collaborated with popular directors of his time. Each new ''tiatr'' production provided an opportunity for him to introduce fresh talent to the stage. Additionally, he participated in over 100 ''tiatr'' performances, both in his own productions and those of others.<ref name=":1" />

==Personal life==
On 3 February 1959, Dourado married Ana Maria Vales, a [[homemaker]] originally from [[Nuvem]] at ''Capela de Nagoà'' (now The Our Lady of Succour and Good Success Church, [[Nagoa]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=de Souza |first=Pe. Hilario Eduardo |date=1 October 2002 |title=Registo De Casamento Canónico |url=https://services.goaonline.gov.in/VWXJW6vEpQrDFBaVNsjMUw66DfH3saxZpCV9zkkxHjVLHq7nDrwPSSJ8-QuYQ7smxUl4eZ99O31318c3K9SyrWi6_8JI_vRGPkXaBQWGxTlONcL9XQfgDy3I-jUDJnDTsywjfj4D-Rvt-jZC7KJAn0FlhCiJtECI3atfNdNWbu4/VWX96/vEp80ZUeFHBL0zH_B_o_qI0Yn9nWEpm_kl2vuh1xW8sAol-2ZD-iDWhXpXWE_eMk/t-bc8/9nW91 |access-date=14 December 2023 |website=Goa Online}}</ref> The couple had four children: Maria (b. 1961), Manuel (b. 1962), Filomena (b. 1959), and Fabiana (b. 1966).<ref name=":2" />

==Selected stage works==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|{{circa|1951}}
|''Konnanchi Girestkai?''
|Writer
|Professional debut
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|1953
|''Camil Bottler''
|Singer
|
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|
|''Bognar''
|Writer/director
|
|rowspan="11"|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|
|''Honrad Tarvotti''
|Writer/director
|
|-
|
|''Motlobi Podonn''
|Writer/director
|
|-
|
|''Kallzacho Aunddo''
|Writer/director
|
|-
|
|''No Vacancy''
|Writer/director
|
|-
|
|''Obrigassum vou Devosaum''
|Writer/director
|
|-
|
|''Soirikar Salu''
|Writer/director
|
|-
|
|''Moriad''
|Writer/director
|
|-
|
|''Sothechem Ghor''
|Writer/director
|
|-
|
|''Rinnkari''
|Writer/director
|
|-
|
|''Gottalo''
|Writer
|
|-
|1965
|''Thevoi Thomas''
|Writer/director
|Also unnamed role
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection of Handbills |url=https://www.sahapedia.org/collection-of-handbills |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=Sahapedia |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|1960s
|''Goenchi Mati''
|Writer/director
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-11-21 |title=Satire, song and puns: Marceline's wit shone bright |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/satire-song-and-puns-marcelines-wit-shone-bright/articleshow/72151056.cms |access-date=2024-07-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|1970
|''Sam Francis Xavier''
|Unnamed role
|
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|
|''Kantteantlem Ful''
|Unnamed role
|Unfinished ''tiatr''
|rowspan="2"|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|1970s
|''Sot'techem Ghor''
|Co-writer
|Posthumous release
|}

==Death==
On 8 March 1970, Dourado died at the age of 36 in [[Goa]]. His final appearance on stage was documented in February 1970, with his performance in [[J. P. Souzalin]]'s ''[[tiatr]]'' production titled ''Sam Francis Xavier'' (Saint Francis Xavier).<ref name=":1" /> Coincidentally, during this period, plans were underway to release a new ''tiatr'' production called ''Kantteantlem Ful'' by [[Star of Curtorim]], featuring Dourado's image on the promotional [[handbill]]. However, Dourado's demise came unexpectedly, leaving his creative endeavors unfinished. The half-written script for his latest ''tiatr'', ''Sot'techem Ghor'', remained incomplete. In a tribute to their departed friend and colleague, [[Nelson Afonso]], a trusted companion of Dourado, took it upon himself to honor his memory by completing the script and staging the ''tiatr'' posthumously.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:de Verna, M. Dod}}
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:1970 deaths]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:Musicians from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Konkani-language singers]]

Mangal Kalindi

2026-03-07T15:30:32Z

RaymondLoewentha:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}{{Infobox Indian politician|office=Member of the [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]}}
'''Mangal Kalindi''' is an Indian politician and member of the [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]. Kalindi is a member of the [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Jugsalai Assembly constituency|Jugsalai constituency]] in [[East Singhbhum district]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangal Kalindi(JMM):Constituency- JUGSALAI (SC)(EAST SINGHBHUM ) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/jharkhand2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=11520 |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=झारखंड : जुगलसलाई से जीतने वाले मंगल कालिंदी के पास हैं मात्र 30 हजार रुपये |url=https://ndtv.in/india/jharkhand-election-elected-mla-from-jmm-mangal-kalindi-has-only-30-thousand-rupees-2153619 |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=NDTVIndia|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Mangal Kalindi, Jugsalai Assembly Elections 2019 LIVE Results {{!}} Election Dates, Exit Polls, Leading Candidates & Parties {{!}} Latest News, Articles & Statistics {{!}} LatestLY.com |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/jharkhand/2019/jugsalai/mangal-kalindi/ |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalindi, Mangal}}
[[Category:People from East Singhbhum district]]
[[Category:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2019–2024]]

{{Jharkhand-politician-stub}}

Palattu Koman

2026-03-04T09:19:55Z

RaymondLoewentha: cleanup

{{short description|1962 Indian film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Palattu Koman
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Kunchacko]]
| producer = Kunchacko
| writer = [[P. K. Sarangapani]] (dialogues)
| based_on = {{based on|''Komappan'' (1912)|Kundoor Narayana Menon}}
| starring = [[Sathyan (Malayalam actor)|Sathyan]] [[Ragini (actress)|Ragini]] [[Rushyendramani|Sree Ramani]]
| music = [[M. S. Baburaj]] (songs) [[G. Ramanathan]] (score)
| cinematography = T. N. Krishnankutty Nair
| editing = S. Williams
| studio = [[Udaya Studios|Excel Productions]]
| distributor = Excel Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1962|9|2}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Palattu Koman''''' is a 1962 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[swashbuckler film]] directed and produced by [[Kunchacko]]. Based on ''Komappan'', a 1912 poem by Kundoor Narayana Menon, the film tells the story of Palattu Koman, a folk hero and skilled [[kalaripayattu]] warrior from the [[Vadakkan Pattukal|ballads of North Malabar]]. The film was produced by [[Udaya Studios]] through their company, Excel Productions. It stars [[Sathyan (Malayalam actor)|Sathyan]], [[Ragini (actress)|Ragini]], and [[Rushyendramani|Sree Ramani]]. The film's songs were composed by [[M. S. Baburaj]].

The plot unfolds around a longstanding feud between two families: Konkiyamma's ''Kaippulli Pālāttu Tharavadu'' and Chandrappan's ''Thonnooram Veedu''. The film was a box office success upon its release.

==Plot==
In northern Malabar, a longstanding feud rages between two families, Thonnooram Veedu and Kaippulli Pālāttu Tharavadu. Chandrappan, the head of Thonnoorām Veedu, plans to seize a treasure hidden in the underground chambers of the Pālāttu mansion. A conflict between the younger members of both families escalates into a violent clash, during which Chandrappan murders the husband and nine children of Konkiyamma from the Pālāttu family.

Konkiyamma, initially taken to the jungle to be killed, is rescued by a local chieftain. She later gives birth to a son and vows to annihilate the Thonnooram Veedu family. Disguised, she returns to Pālāttu with her loyal aide Pankan and, with the help of the snakes guarding the treasure, successfully escapes with the wealth. Konkiyamma's son, Koman, undergoes rigorous training in martial arts and becomes a master. Determined to fulfill his mother's vow, Koman embarks on a mission to eliminate the Thonnooram Veedu clan.

Koman falls in love with Unniyamma, unaware that she is Chandrappan's sister. Meanwhile, Chandrappan captures and tortures Konkiyamma. Koman ultimately defeats Chandrappan and rescues his mother. The film concludes with the death of all members of Thonnooram Veedu, except Unniyamma, whom Koman marries, bringing the story to a harmonious conclusion.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Sathyan (Malayalam actor)|Sathyan]] as Palattu Koman
* [[Ragini (actress)|Ragini]] as Unniyamma
* [[Rushyendramani|Sree Ramani]] as Konkiyamma
* [[Kottayam Chellappan]] as Chandrappan
* [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]] as Unnicheeru
* Velayudhan Nair as Naaduvazhi
* Sunny as Cheenkappan
* S. J. Dev as Kollan
* K. S. Gopinath as Ramappan
* Kundara Bhasi as Idimaadan
* [[Manavalan Joseph]] as Astrologer
* Ochira Sankarankutty as Kaipalleelachan
* [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]] as Ittaatti
* [[S. P. Pillai]] as Pankan
* [[Bahadoor]] as Cheengan
* Baby Savithri as Unnicheeru Jr.
* Baby Seetha as Unniyamma Jr.
* [[Jijo Punnoose]] as Kunjukoman
* [[Boban Kunchacko]] as Kochukoman
{{colend}}

==Production==
Following the success of ''[[Unniyarcha (film)|Unniyarcha]]'' (1961), a ballad-based film from the [[Vadakkan Pattukal]], [[Udaya Studios]] chose another ballad for adaptation, focusing on Palattu Koman, a prominent [[kalaripayattu]] practitioner from the same folklore. The screenplay by [[P. K. Sarangapani]] was based on the 1912 poem ''Komappan'' by Kundoor Narayana Menon, which popularized the tale of Palattu Koman and his love affair with his rival's sister. [[Principal photography]] took place at Udaya Studios, as well as the backwaters of [[Kerala]]. Originally, the producers intended to title the film ''Konki Amma'' or ''Kunki Amma'', as evidenced by gramophone records that still carry the title ''Konki Amma''.<ref name="TH1">{{cite news|last=Vijayakumar|first=B.|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/07/06/stories/2009070651010300.htm |title=Old is Gold|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107180739/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/07/06/stories/2009070651010300.htm|archive-date=7 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the film, [[Kunchacko]] introduced [[Rushyendramani]], an actress from [[Telugu cinema]], who played a principal role. For the film's credits, Kunchacko changed her name to Sree Ramani.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vijayakumar |first1=B. |title=Kaattu Thulasi (1965) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/kaattu-thulasi-1965/article6324165.ece |access-date=19 October 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=17 August 2014}}</ref> It is also the only Malayalam film she acted.<ref name="TH1"/>

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[M. S. Baburaj]], with lyrics by [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] and [[P. K. Sarangapani]]. B. Vijayakumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' called "Chandana Pallakkil" as "one of the best romantic songs in the language". Other best known songs include "Poove Nalla Poove", "Ayyappan Kaavilamme", and "Manassinakkathoru Pennu".<ref name="TH1"/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060206210822/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/05/27/stories/2005052703680300.htm Yesterday once more], Ambika Varma, The Hindu, 2005-05-27; ''Retrieved: 2007-09-07''</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Aanakeramalayilu" || [[Jikki]], K. P. Udayabhanu, K. S. George || [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Aanakkaara" || [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[P. Susheela]] || [[P. K. Sarangapani]] ||
|-
| 3 || "Ayyappan Kaavilamme" || [[P. Leela]] || Vayalar Ramavarma ||
|-
| 4 || "Bhaagyamulla Thampuraane" || [[Jikki]], K. S. George || Vayalar Ramavarma ||
|-
| 5 || "Chaanchakkam" || Chorus, Jikki || Vayalar Ramavarma ||
|-
| 6 || "Chandanappallakkil" || P. Susheela, [[A. M. Rajah]] || Vayalar Ramavarma ||
|-
| 7 || "Kanneeru Kondoru" || P. Leela || Vayalar Ramavarma ||
|-
| 8 || "Maane Maane" || Santha P. Nair || Vayalar Ramavarma ||
|-
| 9 || "Manassinakathoru Pennu" || K.P. Udayabhanu || Vayalar Ramavarma ||
|-
| 10 || "Ooruka Padavaal" || [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || Vayalar Ramavarma ||
|-
| 11 || "Poove Nalla Poove" || P. Leela, Jikki, Santha P. Nair || Vayalar Ramavarma ||
|-
| 12 || "Urukukayaanoru Hridayam" || P. Susheela || Vayalar Ramavarma ||
|}

==Reception==
''Palattu Koman'' was a commercial success at the box office. In a 2009 retrospective analysis, B. Vijayakumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that "besides sword fighting that was mandatory in these tales, the film included fights between man and wild animals. In fact, the hero's fight with a tiger was a highpoint of the film. These scenes were canned impressively using the available equipment and techniques of the time". he also praised the music, cinematography, costumes, dialogues, and acting.<ref name="TH1"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0234414|Palattu Koman}}
*http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=105

[[Category:1962 films]]
[[Category:1962 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Kalarippayattu films]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Baburaj]]
[[Category:1962 martial arts films]]
[[Category:1960s biographical films]]

Athaiya Mamiya

2026-03-04T04:51:43Z

RaymondLoewentha: small changes

{{Short description|1974 Indian film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Athaiya Mamiya
| image = Athaiya Mamiya.jpg
| caption = Title card
| director = [[Chithralaya Gopu]]
| screenplay = Chithralaya Gopu
| story = Vijaya Ganesan
| producer = N. R. Amudha
| starring = [[Jaishankar (actor)|Jaishankar]] [[Ushanandini]]
| cinematography = K. S. Baskar Rao
| editing = N. M. Sankar
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| studio = Garuda Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1974|8|16|ref1=}}
| runtime = 178 minutes<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dharap |first=B.V. |title=Indian Films |publisher=Motion Picture Enterprises |year=1974 |pages=217}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Athaiya Mamiya''''' ({{Translation|Aunt or Auntie?}}) is a 1974 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by [[Chithralaya Gopu]], starring [[Jaishankar (actor)|Jaishankar]] and [[Ushanandini]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karthikeyan |first=D. |date=15 August 2011 |title=Climax to Thangam Theatre — it's razed down |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/climax-to-thangam-theatre-its-razed-down/article2358763.ece |access-date=9 February 2021 |archive-date=15 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415205214/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/climax-to-thangam-theatre-its-razed-down/article2358763.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2011 |title=Curtains come down on Thangam theatre, once Asia's largest |url=https://www.firstpost.com/fwire/curtains-come-down-on-thangam-theatre-once-asias-largest-54970.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814163938/http://www.firstpost.com:80/fwire/curtains-come-down-on-thangam-theatre-once-asias-largest-54970.html |archive-date=14 August 2011 |access-date=9 February 2021 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> It was released on 16 August 1974.<ref>{{Cite web |title=அத்தையா மாமியா / Athaiya Mamiya (1974) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/athaiya-mamiya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228174339/https://screen4screen.com/movies/athaiya-mamiya |archive-date=28 December 2021 |access-date=9 February 2021 |website=Screen 4 Screen |language=}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=September 2021}}
Shankar returns from abroad after completing his higher studies. His parents plan to marry him to one of their relative's daughters. A series of comic incidents ensue while they try to convince Shankar to marry. Things become serious when Shankar reveals to them that he has already met the love of his life, Usha, and married her. Angered by this, his father throws him out of his house and Usha joins Shankar to start a new life. How they succeed in establishing their life is the rest of the film.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Jaishankar (actor)|Jaishankar]] as Shankar
* [[Ushanandini]] as Usha
* [[M. N. Rajam]] as Sumathi
* [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Manju
* [[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]] as Panjabikesan
* [[Nagesh]] as Balu
* [[Sachu]] as Malathy
* [[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]] as Sarathi
* [[Gandhimathi]] as Kattankulathaan's wife
* [[Thengai Srinivasan]] as Kattankulathaan
* [[V. S. Raghavan]] as Sachinthandham
* [[Sukumari]] as Lakshmi
* [[M. Bhanumathi]] as Chandra
}}

==Production==
Gopu was approached by a Madras Tamil speaking woman Amudha Ganesan to make a film for them based on the script she wrote to which he agreed. She produced the film with the money earned from gambling.<ref name=athai /><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2020 |title=சித்ராலயா கோபுவின், மலரும் நினைவுகள்! (10) |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/malarkal/vara-malar-weekly-magazine/chitralaya-gobus-blooming-memories-10/53332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121205175329/http://chivor-boyaca.gov.co/index.shtml |archive-date=5 December 2012 |access-date=29 March 2023 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=Ta}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]] and lyrics were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Title
!Singer(s)
!Length
|-
|Marandhe Pochu
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[L. R. Eswari]]
|3:36
|-
|Nan Petha Magane Nataraja
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|4:02
|-
|Athaiya Mamiya Angaya Ingaya
|[[P. Susheela]], L. R. Eswari
|3:12
|}

== Reception ==
S. V. S. of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' called it a good film for those who want to laugh and pass the time.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=எஸ். வி. எஸ். |date=8 September 1974 |title=அத்தையா? மாமியா? |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1974/sep/08-09-1974/p37.jpg |url-status=dead |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |language=ta |page=37 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220727101104/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1974/sep/08-09-1974/p37.jpg |archive-date=27 July 2022 |access-date=10 February 2023}}</ref> ''Athaiya Mamiya'' ran in cinemas for 10 weeks.<ref name="athai">{{Cite web |last=நரசிம்மன் |first=டி.ஏ. |date=30 November 2018 |title=சி(ரி)த்ராலயா 44: கடத்தப்பட்ட எழுத்தாளர்! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/146575-44.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204023458/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/146575-44.html |archive-date=4 December 2020 |access-date=9 February 2021 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt3420100}}

[[Category:1974 Indian films]]
[[Category:1974 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1974 comedy films]]
[[Category:1974 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Chithralaya Gopu]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Pranam Khareedu

2026-03-03T20:25:37Z

RaymondLoewentha: Started A Details

{{Short description|1978 Indian Telugu-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2007}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pranam Khareedu
| image = Pranam Khareedu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[K. Vasu]]
| producer = [[Kranthi Kumar]]
| writer = [[C. S. Rao (writer)|C. S. Rao]] (story and dialogues)
| narrator =
| starring = [[Rao Gopal Rao]] [[Jayasudha]] [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] [[Chiranjeevi]] [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]] [[Nutan Prasad]] [[Ramaprabha]]
| music = [[K. Chakravarthy]]
| cinematography = [[B. S. Lokanath]] R. Raghunatha Reddy
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=y|1978|9|22}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
}}

'''''Pranam Khareedu''''' ({{translation|''Cost of Life''}}) is a 1978 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language film directed by [[K. Vasu]]. It starred [[Jayasudha]], [[Rao Gopal Rao]], [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]], [[Chiranjeevi]], [[Mahasweta Ray]], and [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]] in a guest appearance. The film released on 22 September 1978. The film is based on a play written by [[C. S. Rao (writer)|C. S. Rao]]. It is the debut film for character actor [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]]. Chiranjeevi started his film career with ''Punadhirallu''. However, his first released film was ''Pranam Khareedu''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/photo-features/megastar-chiranjeevi-lesser-known-facts/photostory/48652006.cms|title=Megastar Chiranjeevi: Lesser known facts|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>

==Plot==
This is a story set to the pre-independence period in India. A village landlord Kanakayya ([[Rao Gopal Rao]]) marries Sita ([[Jayasudha]]), who is young enough to be his daughter, with the help of village Munsif (Nutan Prasad). However, he restricts her a lot after the marriage. Sita's brother Bangaram (Chalam) comes from the town and eyes Bangari (Reshmi Roy), Kanakayya's deaf and dumb servant Devudu's (Chandramohan) sister. Bangari is in love with Narasimha ([[Chiranjeevi]]), another servant of Kanakayya. Bangaram rapes Bangari. Kanakayya suspects that Sita is in love with Devudu, and in a fit of rage, he kills them both one day. People revolt against Kanakayya and kill him at the end.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Rao Gopal Rao]] as Kanakayya
* [[Jayasudha]] as Sita (Kankayya's Second Wife)
* [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Devudu
* [[Chiranjeevi]] as Narasimha
* [[Mahasweta Ray]] as Bangari (Devudu's sister)
* [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]]
* [[Nutan Prasad]] as Munsif Bullabbai
* [[Ramaprabha]] as Chaakali Subbi
* [[Chalam (actor)|Chalam]] as Bangaram (Sita's brother)
* [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]] as Venkatalakshmi
* Jit Mohan Mitra
* N. D. Lakshmi
* [[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]]
* [[R. Narayana Murthy]]
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]]
* Kota Sankara Rao
}}

==Production==
''Pranam Khareedu'' was based on play of same name of C. S. Rao who wrote dialogues also for the film adaptation. The film's director K. Vasu did not wanted to do this film however Kranthi Kumar forced him to do it. They both saw the play and liked it and decided the casting of Rao Gopal Rao, Jayasudha and Chandramohan after watching the play. Rao Gopal Rao played the role of Kanakayya which was originally portrayed in the play by Kota Srinivasa Rao who also appeared in the film in a small role of a villager. Though Chiranjeevi made his acting debut with ''Punadhi rallu'', it was ''Pranam Khareedu'' which became his first to be released. Kranthi Kumar who saw Chiranjeevi during the shoot of ''Punadhi rallu'' offered him the role of Narasimha after his assistant recommended him. He replace him with Satyendra Kumar who was the original choice for the role. Oriya actress Mahasweta was chosen to portray Bangari. The film also marked the debut of Raghunatha Reddy as cinematographer. The entire shooting was done in Pottilanka village near Dhavaleswaram. All hamlet shots were done amidst natural locations in Vemagiri. The film was completed in single schedule.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/movies/Praanam_Khareedu1978.php|title=Articles: Movie Retrospect: Pranam Khareedu (1978)|work=Telugu Cinema|date=19 January 2006|access-date=22 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104004236/http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/movies/Praanam_Khareedu1978.php|archive-date=4 January 2007}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Pranam Khareedu
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[K. Chakravarthy]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1978
| recorded = 1978
| genre = [[Feature Film Soundtrack]]
| length = 17:28
| label = Mango Music
| producer = Kranthi Kumar
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Bandameeda Undi Gundodi Debba
| length1 = 3:49
| lyrics1 = [[Jaladi Raja Rao]]
| music1 = [[K. Chakravarthy]]
| extra1 = [[L. R. Eswari]]
| title2 = Enniyallo Enniyallo Endaka
| length2 = 4:28
| lyrics2 = [[Jaladi Raja Rao]]
| music2 = [[K. Chakravarthy]]
| extra2 = Chandrasekhar, G. Anand and [[S. P. Sailaja]]
| title3 = Etamesi Todina Eru Endadu
| length3 = 4:45
| lyrics3 = [[Jaladi Raja Rao]]
| music3 = [[K. Chakravarthy]]
| extra3 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| title4 = Nomallo Mamilla Tota Kada
| length4 = 4:26
| lyrics4 = [[Jaladi Raja Rao]]
| music4 = [[K. Chakravarthy]]
| extra4 = [[S. Janaki]]
| total_length = 17:28|
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0246162}}

[[Category:1978 films]]
[[Category:1978 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1978 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. Chakravarthy]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Vasu]]

Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal

2026-03-03T03:31:27Z

RaymondLoewentha: add article and added references for accuracy

{{Short description|2014 Indian film by S. R. Prabhakaran}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal.jpg
| alt = A couple hold hands while smiling at the camera
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[S. R. Prabhakaran]]
| producer = [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]]
| writer = S. R. Prabhakaran
| starring = Udhayanidhi Stalin [[Nayanthara]]
| music = [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| cinematography = [[Balasubramaniem]]
| editing = Don Bosco
| studio = [[Red Giant Movies]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|02|14}}
| runtime = 156 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Ithu Kathirvelan Kadhal''''' ({{Translation|This Is Kathirvelan's Love}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Romance film|romantic]] [[comedy drama]] film written and directed by [[S. R. Prabhakaran]] starring [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] and [[Nayanthara]]. [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] and [[Sunder Ramu]] play important roles in the film while [[Saranya Ponvannan]] and [[Chaya Singh]] play supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2013 |title=Udhayanidhi's love story revealed! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Udhayanidhis-love-story-revealed/etarticleshow/18809412.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308002920/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-05/news-interviews/37469067_1_udhayanidhi-stalin-love-story-kathirvelan |archive-date=8 March 2013 |access-date=17 March 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Produced by Red Giant Films, the film has cinematography by Balasubramanium and art direction by V Selvaraj. The film was released on 14 February 2014.

== Plot ==
{{long plot|date=July 2023}} 
The film opens with a [[prologue]], in which a person is being taken to a hospital and the doctor later reporting that the person's condition will be known only after sometime. The scene then shifts a few months back, where we are introduced to Kathirvelan( also known as Kathir), a [[Madurai]]-based [[minibus]] owner who is a devout [[Hindu]] and devotee of [[Hanuman|Lord Anjaneya]] since the age of five. Due to his devotion for Lord Maruti, he does not show any interest in women.

One day, while returning from a Sri Anjaneya temple, he sees his elder sister, Vineethra crying outside his house after his father refused to take her in, having disowned her for eloping with a [[Coimbatore]]-based mill owner Shanmugham against his wishes. Vineethra, however, now has issues with Shanmugham, as a result of which, she left him and returned to her father's house. On Kathir's cajoling, his father reluctantly accepts Vineethra into the house. Kathir then decides to find out what caused the standoff between Vineethra and Shanmugham and leaves for Coimbatore, lying to his father that he is headed for [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] to do some work related to his minibus business. Before leaving, he is warned by Vineethra not to fall for Shanmugham's neighbour, Pavithra, as her father and Shanmugham are sworn enemies.

In Coimbatore, Kathir successfully resolves the conflict between Vineethra and Shanmugham, with Vineethra returning to Coimbatore eventually. He, however, does not return to Madurai immediately, staying back in Coimbatore after noticing Pavithra and falling in love with her, despite Vineethra's warning and his devotion to Lord [[Bajrangbali]]. Determined to win Pavithra's heart, he takes the help of his college friend Mayilvaganam aka Mayil, who is a medical doctor, finds out that Pavithra is working as a manager in a [[Panasonic]] showroom. The duo go there so that Kathir can speak to Pavithra, but end up creating a scene, forcing Pavithra to throw both of them out. After Pavithra notices Kathir constantly following her, she confronts him and threatens to take him to the police, which increases the friction between them. However, when Pavithra finds out how Kathir had saved Vineethra's marriage, she forgives him and becomes his friend, but later reveals that she is in love with a businessman, Gautham, which breaks Kathir's heart. To add to Kathir's woes, Shanmugham finds out that he is in love with Pavithra, and kicks him out of his house for showing interest in his enemy's daughter. Meanwhile, back in Madurai, his father too disowns him after finding out that he had not gone to Salem after all. Without a place to stay now, Kathir moves into Mayil's home.

Kathir soon finds out that Pavithra's boyfriend Gautham is a womaniser, planning to dump Pavithra after having a [[one-night stand]] with her at his friend's upcoming marriage in [[Ooty]]. He tells her about this, but she rubbishes his claims and admonishes him for still hitting on her. However, she soon realises the truth about Gautham after he attempts to kiss her in his car causing her to dump him. She and Kathir reconcile, but she now realises that she has feelings for Kathir. With the help of Mayil and Pavithra's [[Malayali]] friend, who Mayil has fallen in love with, they soon express their feelings for each other.

Trouble soon erupts however, after Shanmugham and Pavithra's father find out that Kathir and Pavithra are in love. Kathir and Pavithra decide that the only way Shanmugham and Pavithra's father can accept their relationship is to make them reconcile, as it is revealed by Shanmugham, that he and Pavithra's father are sworn enemies due to the enmity which existed between the latter and Shanmugham's deceased father, who happened to be Pavithra's paternal uncle. They take the help of a mimicry artist, Balaraman, who mimics both Shanmugham's and Pavithra's father's voices in the presence of the real Pavithra's father and Shanmugham respectively, which eventually leads to Shanmugham and Pavithra's father reconciling.

With the initial hurdle cleared, Kathir and Mayil then plan to convince Kathir's father, who has now reconciled with Kathir, but is also searching for a bride for him, to allow Kathir to marry Pavithra. However, while trying to tell Kathir's father about Pavithra, Mayil consumes poison and is immediately rushed to the hospital, which it is later revealed that Mayil pretended to poison himself by pretending to swallow [[laxatives]], fearing the wrath of Kathir's father, and thereby revealing the identity of the person in the [[prologue]]. On returning home, Kathir tells his father about Pavithra, who, as expected, becomes furious and locks himself up in his room. Later, Kathir manages to calm down his father and adds that he will not marry Pavithra as long as he refuses to accept their relationship, whilst also saying that, unlike Vineethra, he does not want to marry without seeking his father's permission. On hearing of this, his father forgives Kathir, accepts his relationship with Pavithra and gives the go ahead signal for their marriage.

The film ends with Kathir and Pavithra getting married happily.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] as Kathirvelan
* [[Nayanthara]] as Pavithra Mahalingam
* [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] as Mayilvaganam
* [[Sunder Ramu]] as Gautham
* [[Chaya Singh]] as Vineethra Shanmugam
* [[Bharath Reddy (actor)|Dr. Bharath Reddy]] as Shanmugam
* [[Saranya Ponvannan]] as Yasothammal
* [[Aadukalam Naren]] as Kathirvelan's father
* [[Aadukalam Murugadoss]] as Kathirvelan's friend
* [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as Mahalingam Pavithra's father
* [[Vanitha Krishnachandran]] as Pavithra's mother
* Kala Kalyani as Pavithra's friend
* Mohana as Pavithra's friend
* Neethu Neelambaran as Vinotha
* [[Mayilsamy]] as Pala Kural Mannan Balaraman (cameo appearance)
* [[Swaminathan]] as a man in [[Hanuman]] getup (cameo appearance)
{{colend}}

== Production ==
''Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal'' started filming on 22 February 2013 in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2013 |title=Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal starts tomorrow |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/idhu-kathirvelan-kadhal-starts-tomorrow-news-tamil-ncvkHugiace.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224113527/http://www.sify.com/movies/idhu-kathirvelan-kadhal-starts-tomorrow-news-tamil-ncvkHugiace.html |archive-date=24 February 2013 |access-date=17 March 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2013 |title=Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal starts tomorrow |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Idhu-Kathirvelan-Kadhal-starts-tomorrow/etarticleshow/18607231.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925121232/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-21/news-interviews/37220216_1_udhayanidhi-stalin-telugu-film-jobless-person |archive-date=25 September 2013 |access-date=17 March 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film was also shot in Coimbatore.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 March 2013 |title=Nayanthara in Coimbatore for IKK shoot! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nayanthara-in-coimbatore-for-ikk-shoot/articleshow/19107716.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260125160817/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nayanthara-in-coimbatore-for-ikk-shoot/articleshow/19107716.cms |archive-date=25 January 2026 |access-date=25 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2013 |title=Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal on full swing |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Idhu-Kathirvelan-Kadhal-on-full-swing/etarticleshow/19016159.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925122654/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-17/news-interviews/37786529_1_nayanthara-first-schedule-second-schedule |archive-date=25 September 2013 |access-date=17 March 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Filming [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] in January 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2014 |title=Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal shooting wrapped |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/idhu-kathirvelan-kadhal-shooting-wrapped/articleshow/28503721.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260125161100/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/idhu-kathirvelan-kadhal-shooting-wrapped/articleshow/28503721.cms |archive-date=25 January 2026 |access-date=25 January 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==

{{Infobox album
| name = Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 20 January 2014
| recorded = 2013
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 26:05
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label = [[Sony Music]]
| producer = Harris Jayaraj
| prev_title = [[Endrendrum Punnagai]]
| prev_year = 2013
| next_title = [[Yaan (film)|Yaan]]
| next_year = 2014
}}

Music was composed by [[Harris Jayaraj]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2014 |title=Ithu Kathirvelan Kadhal |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/ithu-kathirvelan-kadhal/Kndm0hYV-5g_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215180246/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/ithu-kathirvelan-kadhal/Kndm0hYV-5g_ |archive-date=15 December 2024 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref> The album was released on 20 January 2014.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=11 January 2014 |title=Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal on Valentine's day! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/idhu-kathirvelan-kadhal-on-valentines-day/articleshow/28671196.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030065853/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/idhu-kathirvelan-kadhal-on-valentines-day/articleshow/28671196.cms |archive-date=30 October 2023 |access-date=15 December 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 25:65
| title1 = Maelae Maelae
| lyrics1 = [[Yugabharathi]]
| extra1 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| length1 = 4:46
| title2 = Anbae Anbae
| lyrics2 = [[Thamarai]]
| extra2 = [[Harish Raghavendra]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
| length2 = 5:44
| title3 = Sara Sara Saravedi
| lyrics3 = [[Yugabharathi]]
| extra3 = [[Krishnakumar Kunnath|KK]], [[MK Balaji]], [[Srilekha Parthasarathy]], Raju Krishnamurthy
| length3 = 5:20
| title4 = Vizhiyae Vizhiyae
| lyrics4 = Thamarai
| extra4 = [[Aalap Raju]]
| length4 = 6:05
| title5 = Palakku Devathaiya
| lyrics5 = Yugabharathi
| extra5 = [[Jassie Gift]], [[Velmurugan]], Jayamoorthy
| length5 = 4:43
}}

== Release ==
The film released on 14 February 2014, [[Valentine's Day]].<ref name=":0" /> It was dubbed into Telugu as ''Seenugadi Love Story''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2015 |title=Seenu Gadi Love Story trailer launch |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions1/audio-seenugadilovestory.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107202909/https://idlebrain.com/news/functions1/audio-seenugadilovestory.html |archive-date=7 November 2023 |access-date=5 November 2018 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
[[Baradwaj Rangan]] wrote for ''[[The Hindu]]'', "A few laughs, but overstuffed with subplots".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=15 February 2014 |title=Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal: Laughing through tears |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/idhu-kathirvelan-kadhal-laughing-through-tears/article5693221.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519051839/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/idhu-kathirvelan-kadhal-laughing-through-tears/article5693221.ece |archive-date=19 May 2024 |access-date=15 December 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, "the story is wafer-thin and weak and none of the characters are well-etched out. Every scene looks contrived and manipulated. This film doesn't work because it's hard to empathize with any of the characters and the actors fail to rise above the flawed script".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ithu Kathirvelan Kadhal |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/ithu-kathirvelan-kadhal-review-tamil-15049250.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215032616/http://www.sify.com/movies/ithu-kathirvelan-kadhal-review-tamil-15049250.html |archive-date=15 February 2014 |access-date=14 February 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, "Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal may not be a great film. But it's a fairly decent family entertainer that wouldn't bore one".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=17 February 2014 |title=Ithu Kathirvelan Kadhal – a Decent Family Entertainer Despite Minor Glitches |url=http://m.newindianexpress.com/reviews/266606 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814023636/http://m.newindianexpress.com/reviews/266606 |archive-date=14 August 2014 |access-date=27 July 2014 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

M Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3/5 and wrote, "The film isn't bad per se but displays very little ambition and is only mildly interesting".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suganth |first=M |date=16 February 2014 |title=Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Idhu-Kathirvelan-Kadhal/movie-review/30506451.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906170632/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Idhu-Kathirvelan-Kadhal/movie-review/30506451.cms |archive-date=6 September 2015 |access-date=27 July 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> S. Saraswathi of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' gave 2.5/5 and wrote, "''Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal'' is a simple love story with a good mix of romance, comedy and sentiment. Though nothing extraordinary, the film makes a good Valentine's Day watch", calling it a "feel good entertainer".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saraswathi |first=S. |date=14 February 2014 |title=Review: Ithu Kathirvelan Kadhal is a feel good entertainer |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-ithu-kathirvelan-kadhal-is-a-feel-good-entertainer-south/20140214.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511143427/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-ithu-kathirvelan-kadhal-is-a-feel-good-entertainer-south/20140214.htm |archive-date=11 May 2024 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] gave 2/5 and concluded, "''Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal'' is a done to death rom-com that hardly entertains".<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 February 2014 |title='Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal' – fizzles out before it can entertain (IANS Tamil Movie Review) |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/idhu-kathirvelan-kadhal-fizzles-out-before-it-can-entertain-ians-tamil-movie-review-114021500415_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402090250/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/idhu-kathirvelan-kadhal-fizzles-out-before-it-can-entertain-ians-tamil-movie-review-114021500415_1.html |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=15 December 2024 |work=[[Business Standard]] |language=en |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{S. R. Prabhakaran}}

[[Category:2014 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:2014 romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. R. Prabhakaran]]
[[Category:Films produced by Udhayanidhi Stalin]]
[[Category:Films scored by Harris Jayaraj]]
[[Category:Films set in Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Films set in Madurai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic comedy-drama films]]

Thodi Thodi Si Manmaaniyan

2026-03-02T09:47:09Z

RaymondLoewentha: typo fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Thodi Thodi si Manmaniyan
| image = File:New_Poster_of_Thodi_Thodi_Si_Manmaaniyan.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Aditya Sarpotdar]]
| producer = Satish Kumar Rohandeep singh
| screenplay = Ajinkya Kishore Param Kalra Amjad Khan
'''Dialogue:''' Ajinkya Kishore
| story = Param Karla
Amjad Khan
Legal Advisors = RB& Associates Rohit Beaspal
| starring = [[Shrenu Parikh]] Arsh Sehrawat [[Shilpa Tulaskar]] [[Mukesh Tiwari]] Rahul Raj Malhotra Kuldeep Sarin
| music = Troy Arif Ajay Vas
| cinematography = Milind Jog
| editing = Faisal Mahadik
| studio = NH 8 Production Jumping Tomato Marketing Pvt Ltd 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|05|26}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| native_name =
}}

'''''Thodi Thodi si Manmaaniyan''''' ({{translation|A slight whimsicality}}) is a Hindi film starring [[Shrenu Parikh]],<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tv-actress-shrenu-parikh-to-debut-in-bollywood/articleshow/58080622.cms|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|title=TV actress Shrenu Parikh to debut in Bollywood - Times of India|accessdate=2017-04-09|archive-date=9 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409090852/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tv-actress-shrenu-parikh-to-debut-in-bollywood/articleshow/58080622.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Arsh Sehrawat, and [[Mukesh Tiwari]]. It was directed by [[Aditya Sarpotdar]]<ref name="bollywoodhelpline">{{cite web|url=http://bollywoodhelpline.com/gallery/events/teaser-launch-of-film-thodi-thodi-si-manmaaniyan-arsh-sehrawat-shrenu-parikh/59947|publisher=bollywoodhelpline.com|title=Teaser Launch Of Film "Thodi Thodi Si Manmaaniyan" | Arsh Sehrawat | Shrenu Parikh Bollywood Helpline|accessdate=2017-04-09|archive-date=13 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230913215502/https://www.bollywoodhelpline.com/gallery/events/teaser-launch-of-film-thodi-thodi-si-manmaaniyan-arsh-sehrawat-shrenu-parikh/59947|url-status=live}}</ref> and written by Param Kalra and Amjad Khan.

==Cast==
* Arsh Sehrawat as Siddharth Kaul
* [[Shrenu Parikh]] as Neha Datta <ref name="indiatvnews">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/masala-shrenu-parikh-bollywood-debut-376213|publisher=indiatvnews.com|title=Dil Bole Oberoi: This TV actress set to debut in Bollywood|date=8 April 2017|accessdate=2017-04-09|archive-date=9 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409201156/http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/masala-shrenu-parikh-bollywood-debut-376213|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Shilpa Tulaskar]] as Saroj Deep Kaul
* Mukesh Tiwari as Ajay Kaul
* Rahul Raj Malhotra as Sufi
* Kuldeep Sarin as Ram Sharan Jha
*Pratik Gandhi

==Plot==

Siddharth Kaul, a young boy, is brought up by his single mother with dreams of settling abroad. Being a part of the rock band "Antriksha," Siddharth participates in a contest which changes his life completely. Not only that, he meets Neha Datta, a folk singer and social activist, and gets smitten by her ideologies. In the midst of all this, he comes face to face with his father's death. A short part of the shooting was done in Jaurasi village of Tauru town, Haryana.

Will Siddharth be able to come across the truth? Will he realize his passion, discover himself, or will his mother convince him to let go of his past? <ref name="bollywoodhungama">{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/thodi-thodi-si-manmaaniyan/|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|title=Thodi Thodi Si Manmaaniyan - Latest News, Videos, Photos - Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=2017-04-09|archive-date=8 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708135438/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/thodi-thodi-si-manmaaniyan/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Thodi Thodi Si Manmaaniyan
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Ajay Vas Troy Arif
| cover =
| caption =
| alt =
| released =
| recorded = 2017
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[Zee Music]]
| producer = Satish Kumar
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

Troy Arif and Ajay Vas are the music composers while Raghav Dutt and Prerna Sahetia are the lyricists. The first track in the album Meherbaan has been sung by Shekhar Ravjiani and Shalmali Kholgade. Tu Bas Chal Yahan has a fusion feel and Nikhil D’souza and Prerna Sahetia performed this song. The title track is sung by Nikhil D’souza. Banjarey and Taarashta Main have voices by Yasser Desai and Siddharth Basrur respectively.
<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bollywoodmoviez.in/bollywood-movies/coffee-with-d |title=Coffee with D - Star Cast, Trailer, Songs, Reviews | BollywoodMoviez.in |access-date=19 May 2017 |archive-date=4 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104070100/http://bollywoodmoviez.in/bollywood-movies/coffee-with-d |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/coffee-with-d-music-review/article_b758b8de-d829-11e6-8590-4b633afa968f.html|title='Coffee with D' Music Review|first=R.M.|last=VIJAYAKAR|access-date=19 May 2017|archive-date=16 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116180719/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/coffee-with-d-music-review/article_b758b8de-d829-11e6-8590-4b633afa968f.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 19:43
| title1 = Mehebraan
| extra1 = [[Shekhar Ravjiani]], [[Shalmali Kholgade]]
| lyrics1 = Raghav Dutt
| music1= Troy Arif
| length1 = 4:05
| title2 = Tu Bas chal Yahan
| extra2 = [[Nikhil D'Souza]], Prerna Sahetia
| lyrics2 = Prerna Sahetia
| music2= Ajay Vas
| length2 = 3:58
| title3 = Thodi Thodi Si Manmaaniyan
| extra3 = Nikhil D'Souza
| lyrics3 = Prerna Sahetia
| music3= Ajay Vas
| length3 = 3:28
| title4 = Banjarey
| extra4 = Yasser Desai
| lyrics4 = Raghav Dutt
| music4= Troy Arif
| length4 = 5:16
| title5 = Taarashta Main
| extra5 = [[Siddharth Basrur]]
| lyrics5 = Prerna Sahetia
| music5= Ajay Vas
| length5 = 3:36
}}

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Award Ceremony
! Category
! Recipient
! Result
! Ref.(s)
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[10th Mirchi Music Awards]]
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Music Composer of The Year|Upcoming Music Composer of The Year]]
| Troy Arif for "Meherbaan"
| rowspan=2 {{nom}}
| rowspan=2 | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2017/nominations/|title=Nominations - Mirchi Music Awards 2017|website=MMAMirchiMusicAwards|access-date=2018-03-13|archive-date=25 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325084119/http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2017/nominations/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Lyricist of The Year|Upcoming Lyricist of The Year]]
| Raghav Dutt - "Meherbaan"
|}

== References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|thodi-thodi-si-manmaaniyan}}

{{Portal bar|India|Film|Bollywood|Comedy}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Aditya Sarpotdar]]

Edward Balfour

2026-02-27T09:49:58Z

RaymondLoewentha: Started a article.

{{Short description|Scottish surgeon, orientalist and pioneering environmentalist}}
{{for|the English cricketer|Edward Balfour (cricketer)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2016}}
[[File:EdwardBalfour.jpg|thumb|Portrait by [[Walter Saunders Barnard]] (1880) at the Madras Museum]]
'''Edward Green Balfour''' (6 September 1813 – 8 December 1889)<ref>{{cite book|author=Desmond, Ray |year=1994 |title=Dictionary of British and Irish Botanists and Horticulturists| publisher= CRC Press}}</ref> was a Scottish surgeon, [[oriental studies|orientalist]] and pioneering environmentalist in [[India]]. He founded museums at [[Chennai|Madras]] and [[Bangalore]], a zoological garden in Madras and was instrumental in raising awareness on forest conservation and public health in India. He published a ''Cyclopaedia of India'', several editions of which were published after 1857, translated works on health into Indian languages and wrote on a variety of subjects.

[[File:Balfour.jpg|thumb|Signature]]

==Life and career==
Balfour was born in Angus, Montrose, the second son of Captain George Balfour of the [[East India Company]] marine service and Susan Hume (a sister of the radical MP [[Joseph Hume]]). His elder brother was Sir [[George Balfour (Liberal politician)|George Balfour]] (1809–1894) who was later a liberal MP for Kincardineshire. He was educated at [[Montrose Academy]] before studying surgery at Edinburgh University and admitted Fellow of the [[Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh]] in 1833.<ref name=dnbweb/> A family friend arranged his commission as an assistant surgeon in the Madras medical service in India and he set sail for India in 1834. On the way he visited [[Mauritius]] where he witnessed ecological destruction about which he had read in the works of [[Bernardin de Saint-Pierre]] and [[Jean-Baptiste Boussingault]]. This created a lifelong interest in climate change and environmental problems.<ref name=dnbweb>{{cite ODNB|author=Douglas M. Peers |year=2004|title=Balfour, Edward Green (1813–1889)|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/1184}}</ref><ref name=obit>{{cite journal|author=Anonymous|title=Obituary|journal= The British Medical Journal|year=1889| volume=2|issue=1511|pages=1374–1375|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.1511.1374-b|pmc=2156001}}</ref>

On arrival in India in 1836 he was attached to a European regiment as an assistant surgeon. He was in medical charge of European and native artillery, native cavalry, Madras and Bombay infantry divisions until 1862. He served as a staff-surgeon at [[Ahmednagar]] and at [[Bellary]], and in 1850 he acted as government agent at Chepauk and was a paymaster dealing with Carnatic stipends. His ability with languages particularly [[Hindi]] and later [[Persian language|Persian]] helped his transfer into a [[sepoy]] regiment. This led him to be posted to smaller areas and he spent the next ten years travelling around southern India.<ref name=dnbweb/> He was often sought by the government as a translator of Hindustani and Persian.<ref name=dnb1901>{{cite DNBSupp|wstitle=Balfour, Edward Green |volume=1|pages=113–115|author=Charles Ernest Hughes}}</ref>

In 1848 Balfour returned to [[Madras]] and he was given medical charge of the governor's bodyguard. This gave him more time to writing and other interests and he also took up additional appointments as agent to the court of the nawab of the Carnatic. From 1858 to 1861 he served on a commission to look into the debts of the nawab. In 1850, he also served as assistant assay master at the Madras mint.<ref name=dnbweb />

In 1852 he became a full surgeon and on 24 May he married Marion Matilda Agnes Gilchrist, daughter of a fellow surgeon at Madras.<ref name=dnbweb /> He served as deputy Surgeon-General in [[Burma]] and the [[Straits Settlements]], the [[Andamans]] and the Mysore division. From 1871 to 1876 he was Surgeon-General and headed the Madras Medical Department.<ref name=obit/> Balfour's wife, Marion, would help in the proof-reading of Balfour's encyclopaedia. At the age of seven Marion had been to St. Helena where she happened to see the body of Napoleon.<ref>{{cite news|work=Dundee Courier |date=29 December 1916 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000164/19161229/023/0002|title=A link with Napoleon|access-date=4 July 2014|publisher = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Edward, a son died in infancy at Bellary on 28 March 1864.<ref>{{cite news|date=4 April 1864|title=Domestic occurrences|page=2|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Environmental and health==
Balfour had seen environmental damage in Mauritius and was interested in the effect of climate on human health. During his travels he collected information on health and environmental issues. He published a report in 1845 titled ''Statistical Data for forming Troops and maintaining them in Health in different Climates and Localities'' and ''Observations on the Means of preserving the Health of Troops by selecting Healthy Localities for their Cantonments'' and these made him an authority on public health. In 1849, he wrote ''On the Influence exercised by Trees on the Climate of a Country'' in the Madras Journal of Literature and Science, 1840 which was reprinted in 1849. Using actual data to study problems and suggest solutions he wrote such works as the ''Statistics of Cholera'' and ''Remarks on the Causes for which Native Soldiers of the Madras Army were discharged the Service in tho five Years from 1842-3 to 1846-7'' (1850). The medical training in Edinburgh had an emphasis on the importance of water in human health. Balfour recognized that since water was finite in supply, that this was a public health problem. Based on the Mauritius experience he warned of the possibility of famine due to deforestation and wrote about the links between water and forest cover in ''Notes on the influence exercised by trees in inducing rain and preserving moisture'' (Madras Journal of Literature and Science 15(1849):402-448) as well as reports to the famine commission (''The influence exercised by trees on the climate and productiveness of the Peninsula of India''. Famine Commission IV.). The East India Company heeded his warnings and took up forest conservation schemes soon after 1840. This and other reports by [[Hugh Cleghorn (forester)|Hugh Francis Cleghorn]] influenced Lord Dalhousie and led to the establishment of the Madras Forest Department. The debate on deforestation induced climate change was also held in Britain where [[George Balfour (Liberal MP)|Colonel George Balfour]], Edward's brother, lobbied for conservation measures while others like [[David Livingstone]] suggested that rainfall declines were related to geological changes.<ref name="grove"/><ref name=climate>{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences|volume=35|issue=2–3|pages=281–287|year=2009|title=Climate-data Records and Reforestation Efforts in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Coromandel Region in Peninsular India|author=Raman, A|url=http://www.nieindia.org/ijees/PDF/35-281.pdf}}{{Dead link|date=August 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Balfour, E.G. |year=1849|title= Notes on the influence exercised by trees in inducing rain and preserving moisture|journal= Madras Journal of Literature and Science |volume=15|issue=36|pages=402–448|url=https://archive.org/details/OnTheInfluenceExercisedByTreesOnTheClimateOfACountry}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Chemosphere|volume=29| issue =5| year=1994| pages =1001–1013| title= A historical review of early institutional and conservationist responses to fears of artificially induced global climate change: The deforestation-desiccation discourse 1500–1860| author=Grove, RH|doi=10.1016/0045-6535(94)90165-1}}</ref>

===Statistical approach===
Balfour widely used statistics to study the state of health of the troops.<ref name=climate /><ref>{{cite journal|author=Balfour, EG|title=Statistical data for forming troops and maintaining them in health in different climates and localities| journal=Journal of the Statistical Society of London|volume=8|issue=3| year=1845| pages=192–209| url= https://archive.org/stream/journalseriesage08royauoft#page/193/mode/1up|doi=10.2307/2337839|jstor=2337839}}</ref> In a study of health issues that was read by his uncle [[Joseph Hume]] to the Statistical Society of London, he dismissed the belief that humans adjusted to new climates and suggested that different races had varying tolerances to climate and disease. Based on his data, he showed that Europeans fared better in the hills of India.<ref name=dnbweb /><ref>{{cite journal|title=Remarks on the Abstract Tables of the Men Discharged from the Military Service of the East India Company| url=https://archive.org/stream/journalseriesage14royauoft#page/347/mode/1up| journal=Journal of the Statistical Society of London| year= 1851| volume=14| pages=348–356|author=Balfour, EG|doi=10.2307/2338257|issue=4| jstor=2338257}}</ref>

He maintained careful records of visitors to the museum and noted how a live orangutan specimen drew large crowds. This increased support for his plan for a zoological garden and when it was established he noted that it drew more people than the [[British Museum]], Regent's Park and Kew Gardens together.<ref name=nair />

===Role of women===
Recognising the importance of women in matters of public health, he personally translated Dr. [[John Tricker Conquest|J. T. Conquest]]'s ''Outlines of Midwifery'' into Urdu<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/outlinwif00conq|title=Outlines of midwifery| translator-last1=Balfour|translator-first1=E.G.|year=1852}}</ref> and arranged for translations into Kannada, Tamil and Telugu. He noted in the preface to the Kannada edition that he offered rewards for anyone undertaking translation and that he had works published in Telugu, Tamil, apart from Kannada, but had yet to find someone to translate the work into Malayalam. He noted his objective as being "to provide a text book for Native Medical Students; to improve the practice of Native Midwives; and to make known to the learned men of India, the modes followed by the people of Europe in aiding women when in natural labor as also when the labors are difficult."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/b28034570/page/n5/mode/1up |title=Conquest's Outlines of Midwifer translated into Canarese |chapter=Preface|author=Balfour, E.G.|year=1874|translator-last1=Pillay|translator-first1= S. Arokeum}}</ref><ref name=obit/> He also attempted to influence the government to introduce medical education in Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam languages but failed. He worked towards encouraging European women to enter the medical service in India since he believed that women could move more freely within certain sections of Indian society. This move succeeded and in 1875, [[Mary Scharlieb]] was admitted to the [[Madras Medical College]] as its first woman applicant.<ref name=dnbweb /><ref name=grove>{{cite book|author=Grove, Richard|year=1995| title=Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860|publisher= Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-56513-4}}</ref>

==Museums, natural history and orientalism==
[[File:MuseumNotice.jpg|thumb|Old notice at the Madras Museum with the original "free admission" policy erased]]
Balfour was keen on collections and education. He founded the [[Government Museum, Chennai|Government Central Museum]] at Madras in 1850. He became the first officer in charge of the museum at Madras. By 1879 the museum was attracting 180,000 people each year and in 1886 as much as 230,000. Women visitors were encouraged on special days.<ref name=dnbweb /> He not only kept records of the visitors but also studied the response of visitors to exhibits. He noticed a marked increase in the number of visitors when a live specimen of a tiger cub and leopard was kept in the natural history section of the museum. This led him to propose a zoological garden and this led to the creation in 1856 of a small collection of animals in the People's Park which grew into the [[Arignar Anna Zoological Park|Madras Zoological Gardens]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Walker, Sally|year=2001 |chapter=Zoological Gardens of India |editor=Kisling Jr., VN|title=Zoo and aquarium history: ancient animal collections to zoological gardens|pages=265–266|publisher=CRC Press}}</ref> There was pressures to move the museum to the college premises but Balfour firmly believed that the museum needed to be "...open to all classes, and contains articles calculated to amuse and instruct all classes".<ref name=nair>{{cite book|author=Nair, Savithri Preetha |year=2007| chapter= Economic logic versus enlightenment rationality: Evolution of the museum–zoo–garden complex and the modern Indian city, 1843–1900|title=Museum Revolutions: how museums and change and are changed|editor1=Knell, SJ |editor2=Suzanne MacLeod |editor3=Sheila Watson |publisher=Routledge}}</ref> Initially the museum displayed items of commercial value and focussed on economic geology and forestry. It later began to acquire items of archaeology and ethnology. He encouraged contributions to the museum stating that ''"every specimen that may be sent will be acceptable"''. Material could be sent free by post if marked for the museum and sent by "''Banghy Dock''". The Oriental and Screw Navigation Company permitted packages for the museum to be shipped free. Material flowed in at around 1000 items a month. He considered it inappropriate to charge an admission fee since the public was donating exhibits. In a letter to Oldfield of Roorkee College on 30 May 1854, Balfour wrote that "''... if the Museum were limited in its objects, it would never be formed because the residents throughout the country, rendered, by the limiting, doubtful as to what would be acceptable, would refrain from sending anything and, If I attempted to be eclectic, I would lose all...''" By 1853, the museum was overflowing with more than 19,830 artefacts, mostly received from the public.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Subramanian, T. S. |year=2005|title=New for old| journal=Frontline|volume= 20|issue=14|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2014/stories/20030718000106600.htm}}</ref> Balfour believed that purchase would be needed only in the case of exceptional artefacts.<ref name=nair/> In 1866 he started the Bangalore Museum in the state of Mysore. He was a secretary to the Madras Central Committee for the [[Great Exhibition]] of 1851, the Paris Exhibitions of 1855 and 1868, the International Exhibition of London (1862) and the Vienna Exhibition (1872).<ref name=obit/><ref name=souvenir>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/MadrasGovernmentMuseumCentenarySouvenir|author=Aiyappan, A. |year=1951|title= Madras Government Museum Centenary Souvenir (1851-1951)|pages= [https://archive.org/details/MadrasGovernmentMuseumCentenarySouvenir/page/n83 5]–15|publisher=Madras Government|place=Madras}}</ref>

Balfour took a special interest in languages and spent a lot of time learning local languages. In 1850 he published ''Gul-Dastah'' or ''The Bunch of Roses'', a lithographed series of works by Persian and Hindustani poets. He also set up a Mohammedan Public Library in Madras and translated many works from Persian to English as well as English works (such as on astronomy) into Hindi, Tamil and Telugu. Based on his studies, he was sceptical of the state of indigenous scientific knowledge particularly in relation to health and in his ''Cyclopaedia'' suggested that Indians were so close to subsistence that they did not have the time or means to reflect accurately on their surroundings.<ref name=dnbweb />

When Balfour resigned from his position at the museum, he sought [[Edward Blyth]] as a suitable successor but was prevented by the Madras Government to enter into a correspondence on this. His position was then taken up by Captain [[Jesse Mitchell]] who worked as Commandant of the Madras Mounted Police.<ref name=souvenir />
===''Cyclopaedia of India'' and other works===
[[File:CyclopediaIndia.jpg|thumb|upright|Cover of the first of the three volume 1885 (third) edition]]
Balfour's collations on a variety of aspects of life in India led to the publication of ''The Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Commercial, Industrial, and Scientific'', first published in 1857<ref>[https://books.google.fr/books?id=5ixCAAAAcAAJ Google Books copy of first edition]</ref> with subsequent editions in multiple volumes. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Balfour |first=Edward |url=http://archive.org/details/b28710290_0002 |title=The cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia : commercial, industrial and scientific, products of the mineral, vegetable, and animal kingdoms, useful arts and manufactures |date=1885 |publisher=London : B. Quaritch |others=Wellcome Library}}</ref> The original work was derived from notes that he had made for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Subsequent editions incorporated research by others including Sir [[Dietrich Brandis]]<ref name=mabberley /> and it grew into a five volume work in 1871-83. The work also was used by [[William Theobald]] in his major revision of [[Francis Mason (missionary)|Mason's Burmah]].<ref name=mabberley>{{cite journal|author=Mabberley, D. J. |year=1985|title=William Theobald (1829-1908): Unwitting Reformer of Botanical Nomenclature? |journal=Taxon |volume=34|issue=1|pages=152–156|doi=10.2307/1221583|jstor=1221583}}</ref>

Some subjects needed more coverage and he produced for instance the first work on the agricultural pests of India, in which he drew inspiration from the work of [[Eleanor Ormerod]]. He wrote in the ''Agricultural pests of India'':
{{quote|The census of 1881 showed its population to be 198,790,853 souls, of whom 69,952,747 were agriculturists, 220,803 horticulturists, 35,076 arboriculturists, and 990,342 were tending animals. In 1884-85 the revenue of British India was Rs. 70,69,06,810, of which the land-tax yielded Rs. 21,83,22,110; Rs. 8,81,64,690 were derived from opium, and Rs. 98,69,840 from forest. In that year 22,425 human beings were killed by [[Indian elephant|elephants]], [[tiger]]s, [[leopard]]s, [[wolves]], [[bear]]s, [[Striped hyena|hyenas]], and [[venomous snakes]]; and of cattle killed the number was 49,987. The numbers engaged in agriculture, the great revenue obtained from the lands, and the losses the people are exposed to from wild beasts, all indicate the need for protective measures...}}

Balfour continued to write about India after retiring to England in 1876. He openly held anti-colonialist sentiments which Richard Grove suggests as being linked to the radical ideas of his uncle Joseph Hume, opinions that were also expressed by his cousin [[Allan Octavian Hume]].<ref name="grove" /> His elder brother [[George Balfour (Liberal politician)|George Balfour]] (and married to A.O. Hume's sister Charlotte Isabella) also argued against salt taxes in India and suggested that they hampered growth and antagonized the population of India.<ref name=dnbweb />

==Honours and memorials==
Balfour left India in 1876 after 42 years there, and at his farewell was felicitated in Madras by the Hindu, Muslim and European communities with a portrait of him placed in the Government Central Museum. For his distinguished services he was given an additional annual good-service pension of £100.<ref>{{cite news|title= Reward for distinguished services |newspaper=Edinburgh Evening News|date=30 December 1876| page=2| url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000452/18761230/015/0002| via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}</ref> In 1891 the [[Madras University]] established a ''Balfour memorial'' gold medal to encourage women in medicine.<ref name=dnb1901 />

==Selected works==
* [https://archive.org/details/agriculturalpest00balfrich ''The agricultural pests of India, and of eastern and southern Asia, vegetable and animal, injurious to man and his products'' (1887)]
* ''The Vydian and the Hakim, what do they know of medicine?'' (1875)
* [https://archive.org/details/eminentmedicalm00balfgoog ''Medical Hints to the People of India'' (1875)]
* [https://archive.org/stream/timbertreestimb01balfgoog ''The Timber Trees, Timber and Fancy Woods, as also, the Forests'' (1862)]
* [https://archive.org/details/birdsofeasternso1858balf ''Birds of Eastern and Southern Asia'' (1858)]
* {{cite book |title=The Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia |year= 1857}}
** {{Cite book |publisher = B. Quaritch |location = London |author = Edward Balfour |title = The Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia |date = 1885 |edition=3rd }}. [https://archive.org/stream/cyclopaediaofind01balfuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 1] (A-G), [https://archive.org/stream/cyclopaediaofind02balfuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Volume 2] (H-N), [https://archive.org/stream/cyclopindiaeast03balfuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Volume 3]. + Via [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001249614 HathiTrust]
* [https://archive.org/stream/cataloguegovern00musgoog#page/n5/mode/2up ''Catalogue of the Government Central Museum'' (1855)]
* [https://archive.today/20121214065931/http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101161558 ''Cholera (Are there towns or villages in India where cholera has never appeared from the period of its first outbreak in 1817?) being a series of letters from Assistant Surgeon Edward Balfour''. Fort St. George Gazette Press. (1852)]
* [https://archive.org/stream/journalseriesage14royauoft#page/347/mode/1up ''Remarks on the Abstract Tables of the Men Discharged from the Military Service of the East India Company''. (1851)]
* [https://archive.today/20121214112034/http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/9716582 ''Statistics of cholera'' (1849)]
* {{cite journal | year = 1849 | title = Additional Observations on the Means of Maintaining Troops in Health | url = https://archive.org/stream/journalstatisti10britgoog#page/n40/mode/1up | journal = Journal of the Statistical Society of London | volume = 12 | issue = 1| pages = 33–42 | doi=10.2307/2338245| jstor = 2338245 | last1 = Balfour | first1 = Edward }}
* ''Observations on the means of preserving the health of troops by selecting healthy localities for their Cantonments''. London (1845)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links| wikt=no | commons=no | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=Author:Edward Green Balfour | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=no}}

* [http://www.chennaimuseum.org/draft/dept/dept.htm Government Museum, Chennai]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Balfour}}
[[Category:1813 births]]
[[Category:1889 deaths]]
[[Category:British Indologists]]
[[Category:People educated at Montrose Academy]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Clan Balfour|Edward Green]]

Basbaria Mahadev Mandir

2026-02-23T18:25:41Z

RaymondLoewentha: started some info first draft...

{{Short description|Shiva temple in Mithila}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple|name=Basbaria Mahadev Mandir|native_name=बसबरिया महादेव मंदिर|native_name_lang=mai|deity=Lord Shiva|religious_affiliation=[[Hinduism]]|festivals=Mahashivratri, Sawan Sombari, Narak Nivaran Chaturdashi|location=Basbaria Village near [[Saharghat, Madhubani|Saharghat]], [[Madhwapur]] block Mithila region|district=[[Madhubani district]]|state=[[Bihar]]|country={{flag|India}}|coordinates={{Coord|26.5213487|N|85.8610742|E}}|image=File:Basbaria Mahadev Mandir.jpg|caption=View of the Basbaria Mahadev Mandir}}
'''Basbaria Mahadev Mandir''' ([[Maithili language|Maithili]]: बसबरिया महादेव मंदिर) is a Hindu temple dedicated to [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]] in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of Bihar in India.<ref>{{Cite news |title=हादसा:बसबरिया महादेव मंदिर के पास बाइक की टक्कर से रामचंद्र यादव की हुई माैत |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/muzaffarpur/madhawapur/news/ramchandra-yadav-died-due-to-bike-accident-near-basbariya-mahadev-temple-129079075.html |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref> It is located at ''Basbaria'' village of the [[Madhwapur|Madhwapur block]] in the [[Madhubani district]]. It is situated on the road side of the highway ''Madhwapur-[[Benipatti]] via [[Uchhaith|Uchchaith]] Road''. The temple is also known as ''Basbaria Shiv Mandir''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=उगना महादेव मंदिर में उमड़े भक्त |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/madhubani/story-large-number-of-devotees-came-in-ugana-mahadev-mandir-2645904.html |work=Hindustan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-02 |title=हर-हर महादेव से गूंजा शिवालय |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/madhubani/838043- |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref>
[[File:Basbaria Mahadev Mandir,.jpg|thumb|View of the Basbaria Mahadev Mandir captured by [[commons:User:Sntshkumar750|Santosh Chaudhary]] from the highway passing near the temple.]]
[[File:View of new temple in the campus of Basbaria Mahadev Mandir.jpg|thumb|View of new temple at the campus of Basbaria Mahadev Mandir]]

== References ==
<references />{{India-hindu-temple-stub}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Madhubani district]]

Wonder Women (2022 film)

2026-02-21T05:00:38Z

RaymondLoewentha: new new info needs work

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Wonder Women
| image = Wonder Women (2022 film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Promotional release poster
| director = [[Anjali Menon]]
| producer = [[Ronnie Screwvala]] Ashi Dua Sara
| writer =
| screenplay = Anjali Menon
| story =
| based_on =
| starring = [[Nadiya Moidu]] [[Nithya Menen]] [[Padmapriya Janakiraman]] [[Parvathy Thiruvothu]] [[Sayanora Philip]] Archana Padmini [[Amruta Subhash]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Govind Vasantha]]
| editing = Praveen Prabhakar
| cinematography = [[Manesh Madhavan]]
| studio = [[RSVP Movies]] Flying Unicorn Entertainment Little Films
| distributor = [[SonyLIV]]
| released = {{Film date|2022|11|18|df=yes}}
| runtime = 80 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[English language|English]]
}}

'''''Wonder Women''''' is a 2022 Indian [[English-language Indian films|English]]-language film directed by [[Anjali Menon]] and produced by [[Ronnie Screwvala]] and Ashi Dua Sara, starring [[Nadiya Moidu]], [[Nithya Menen]], [[Parvathy Thiruvothu]], [[Padmapriya Janakiraman]], [[Sayanora Philip]], Archana Padmini and [[Amruta Subhash]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite news |title='Wonder Women' trailer: Anjali Menon presents a tale of 'Real superheroes' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/wonder-women-trailer-anjali-menon-presents-a-tale-of-real-superheroes/articleshow/95271919.cms |access-date=3 November 2022 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=3 November 2022 |archive-date=17 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117111140/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/wonder-women-trailer-anjali-menon-presents-a-tale-of-real-superheroes/articleshow/95271919.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Anjali Menon's 'Wonder Woman' to release on SonyLiv on this date |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/11/03/anjali-menon-wonder-women-movie-sonyliv-pregnant-stories-release-date.html |access-date=3 November 2022 |publisher=[[Onmanorama]] |date=3 November 2022 |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103210738/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/11/03/anjali-menon-wonder-women-movie-sonyliv-pregnant-stories-release-date.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Anjali Menon's 'Wonder Women' starring Nithya Menen, Parvathy to stream on SonyLIV |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/anjali-menon-s-wonder-women-starring-nithya-menen-parvathy-to-stream-on-sonyliv-1.8014101 |access-date=3 November 2022 |publisher=[[Mathrubhumi]] |date=3 November 2022 |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103081825/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/anjali-menon-s-wonder-women-starring-nithya-menen-parvathy-to-stream-on-sonyliv-1.8014101 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The film started streaming on 18 November through [[SonyLIV]].<ref name=ww1>{{cite news |title='Wonder Women' trailer: Anjali Menon takes us through the journey of motherhood |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/wonder-women-trailer-anjali-menon-takes-us-through-the-journey-of-motherhood-23253635 |access-date=3 November 2022 |publisher=[[Mid-Day]] |date=3 November 2022 |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103130702/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/wonder-women-trailer-anjali-menon-takes-us-through-the-journey-of-motherhood-23253635 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Wonder Women: Anjali Menon has another good news about the Nithya Menen-Parvathy film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/wonder-women-anjali-menon-has-another-good-news-about-nithya-menen-parvathy-film-8242405/ |access-date=3 November 2022 |newspaper=[[Indian Express]] |date=1 November 2022 |archive-date=2 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102172023/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/wonder-women-anjali-menon-has-another-good-news-about-nithya-menen-parvathy-film-8242405/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ww">{{cite news |date=3 November 2022 |title=Anjali Menon's 'Wonder Women' to release on November 18; trailer out |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/anjali-menons-wonder-women-to-release-on-november-18-trailer-out/article66090359.ece |access-date=3 November 2022 |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103084625/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/anjali-menons-wonder-women-to-release-on-november-18-trailer-out/article66090359.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Wonder Women trailer: Nithya Menen, Amruta Subhash's heartwarming film is all about embracing motherhood |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/wonder-women-trailer-anjali-menon-s-film-looks-like-a-heartwarming-story-about-101667456858923.html |access-date=3 November 2022 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=3 November 2022 |archive-date=8 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008184024/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/wonder-women-trailer-anjali-menon-s-film-looks-like-a-heartwarming-story-about-101667456858923.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Although the film was predominately in English, it also featured dialogue in different languages due to the diverse backgrounds of its characters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/wonder-women-review-anjali-menon-s-film-often-moving-needed-more-heft-170064|title=Wonder Women review: Anjali Menon’s film is often moving but needed more heft|first=Sowmya|last=Rajendran|date=18 November 2022|website=The News Minute}}</ref>

== Premise ==
Five pregnant ladies come to stay at 'Sumana', a prenatal class conducted by Nandita. She calls them as ‘Real superheroes’ as they get ready to embrace motherhood. In their quest to know the new life, they discover their true identity and the answers to their deep-rooted problems.

"The film is about ordinary women who journey together and it is only when they stand up for each other that they become 'Wonder Women'. Pregnancy is a lens through which the story of empathy and sisterhood is told. The intent is not to glorify pregnancy or motherhood but to look at how much empowerment is needed in these areas and how much women can do to help one another. Human rights in childbirth and reproductive freedoms are far more important than the attention it receives.“ says Anjali Menon <ref>{{cite web | url=https://feminisminindia.com/2022/12/02/fii-interviews-filmmaker-anjali-menon-talks-about-wonder-women/ | title=FII Interviews: Writer and Filmmaker Anjali Menon Talks About Wonder Women | date=December 2022 | access-date=8 October 2024 | archive-date=3 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303032708/https://feminisminindia.com/2022/12/02/fii-interviews-filmmaker-anjali-menon-talks-about-wonder-women/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Nadiya Moidu]] as Nandita
*[[Nithya Menen]] as Nora Joseph
*[[Parvathy Thiruvothu]] as Mini
*[[Padmapriya Janakiraman]] as Veni
*[[Sayanora Philip]] as Saya
*Archana Padmini as Gracy
*[[Amruta Subhash]] as Jaya
*Radha Gomaty as Veni's mother in law
*[[Nilambur Ayisha]] as Mini's grandmother
*Dr. Haris Saleem as Sanjay, Nora's partner
*Srikanth K. Vijayan as Bala, Veni's partner
*Praveen Premnath as Jojo, Saya's partner
*[[Ajayan Adat]] as Kannan, Gracy's partner
*Sandesh Kulkarni as Umesh, Jaya's partner
*Remya Sarvada Das as yoga instructor
*P. V. Aakash Mahesh as Adi
*Jamalayisha Bava as Adi's mother
*[[Vishak Nair]] as Doctor
*Nadur Prakash as Veni's father in law
}}

==Production==
The makers announced the film with a peculiar campaign where the star cast took to their social media handles with a picture of a positive pregnancy kit, followed by a conversational video reel, in character, where they spoke about various facets of pregnancy.<ref name=ww1/><ref>{{cite news |title='Wonder Women' Trailer OUT: Anjali Menon's Directorial Focuses On The Nuances Of Parenthood |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/wonder-women-trailer-out-anjali-menon-s-directorial-focuses-on-the-nuances-of-parenthood-1561269 |access-date=3 November 2022 |publisher=[[ABP Live]] |date=3 November 2022 |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103083926/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/wonder-women-trailer-out-anjali-menon-s-directorial-focuses-on-the-nuances-of-parenthood-1561269 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Expect the unexpected', says Nithya Menen as actors break suspense on pregnancy post |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/10/29/nithya-menen-parvathy-thiruvothu-sayanora-amrutha-subhash-pregnancy-test-post-clarification.html |access-date=3 November 2022 |publisher=[[Onmanorama]] |date=29 October 2022 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130154808/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/10/29/nithya-menen-parvathy-thiruvothu-sayanora-amrutha-subhash-pregnancy-test-post-clarification.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Reception==
===Critical reception===

Janani K of ''India Today'' stated that the film is an ode to sisterhood.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/wonder-women-movie-review-nithya-menen-parvathys-films-informed-take-on-pregnancy-is-an-ode-to-sisterhood-2298348-2022-11-18|title=Wonder Women Movie Review: Nithya Menen, Parvathy's film's informed take on pregnancy is an ode to sisterhood|date=18 November 2022|access-date=20 November 2022|archive-date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008184026/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/wonder-women-movie-review-nithya-menen-parvathys-films-informed-take-on-pregnancy-is-an-ode-to-sisterhood-2298348-2022-11-18|url-status=live}}</ref> Nandini Ramnath of Scroll.in stated that the film is tribute to female solidarity.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1037528/wonder-women-review-a-feel-good-tribute-to-female-solidarity |title='Wonder Women'review: A feel-good tribute to female solidarity |date=18 November 2022}} {{Cite web |title='Wonder Women movie review: A sneak peek into the roller coaster ride that is pregnancy' |date=18 November 2022 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/wonder-women-movie-review-a-sneak-peek-into-roller-coaster-ride-pregnancy-15201201.htm}}{{Cite news |title=Fine actors in a movie preoccupied with cheerfulness |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/malayalam-review/wonder-women-review-fine-actors-in-a-movie-preoccupied-with-cheerfulness |work=Film Companion}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|23128938}}

[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2022 English-language films]]
[[Category:English-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]

Rintu Thomas

2026-02-10T03:03:56Z

RaymondLoewentha: Started A Post

{{Short description|Indian filmmaker}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rintu Thomas
| birth_place = Kottayam, India
| alma_mater = A.J.K. Mass Communication Research Centre, Lady Shri Ram College
| occupation = Filmmaker
| years_active = 2009 - present
| website =
}}

'''Rintu Thomas''' is an Academy Award nominated documentary filmmaker and director-producer from India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-05 |title=#IDADocAwards: Courage Under Fire Award - Rintu Thomas and Sushmit Ghosh |url=https://www.documentary.org/awards2021/honorees/rintu-thomas-sushmit-ghosh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117003854/https://www.documentary.org/awards2021/honorees/rintu-thomas-sushmit-ghosh |archive-date=2022-01-17 |url-status=live|access-date=2022-02-13 |website=International Documentary Association |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Oscars 2022: Writing With Fire Directors Screamed, Jumped, Hugged When Nomination Was Announced|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/oscars-2022-writing-with-fire-directors-screamed-jumped-hugged-when-nomination-was-announced-2757834 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220213/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/oscars-2022-writing-with-fire-directors-screamed-jumped-hugged-when-nomination-was-announced-2757834 |archive-date=2022-02-13 |url-status=live|access-date=2022-02-12|website=NDTV.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Her Peabody-winning documentary ''[[Writing with Fire]]'', co-directed with [[Sushmit Ghosh]], is the first Indian feature documentary to be nominated for an [[Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bolly Buzz: 'Writing With Fire' makes it to The Academy Awards nomination, Farhan Akhtar and Shibani Dandekar's wedding festivities to take place in multiple destinations - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/bolly-buzz-writing-with-fire-makes-it-to-the-academy-awards-nomination-farhan-akhtar-and-shibani-dandekars-wedding-festivities-to-take-place-in-multiple-destinations/articleshow/89457565.cms |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220213/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/bolly-buzz-writing-with-fire-makes-it-to-the-academy-awards-nomination-farhan-akhtar-and-shibani-dandekars-wedding-festivities-to-take-place-in-multiple-destinations/articleshow/89457565.cms |archive-date=2022-02-13 |url-status=live|access-date=2022-02-12|website=The Times of India|date=9 February 2022 |language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Oscars 2022: India's 'Writing With Fire' Nominated In Best Documentary Feature Category|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/newsmo/video/oscars-2022-india-s-writing-with-fire-nominated-in-best-documentary-feature-category-1911458-2022-02-10 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220213/https://www.indiatoday.in/newsmo/video/oscars-2022-india-s-writing-with-fire-nominated-in-best-documentary-feature-category-1911458-2022-02-10 |archive-date=2022-02-13 |url-status=live|access-date=2022-02-12|website=India Today|date=10 February 2022 |language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The film also won the Audience Award and Special Jury Award in the World Cinema Documentary Competition at [[2021 Sundance Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hailu |first=Selome |date=2021-11-19 |title=CAA Signs 'Writing With Fire' Directors Rintu Thomas and Sushmit Ghosh (EXCLUSIVE) |language=en-US |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/caa-rintu-thomas-sushmit-ghosh-writing-with-fire-1235115651/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213212509/https://variety.com/2021/film/news/caa-rintu-thomas-sushmit-ghosh-writing-with-fire-1235115651/ |archive-date=2021-12-13 |url-status=live|access-date=2022-02-13}}</ref> Thomas is also known for directing ''Timbaktu'',<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-04-03 |title=Let's do Timbaktu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/lets-do-timbaktu/article4577181.ece |access-date=2024-05-31 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Timbaktu – PSBT |url=https://psbt.org/films/timbaktu/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> a short documentary which won the [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=60th National Film Awards Announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=93879 |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> for the [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Environment/Conservation/Preservation Film|Best Environment Film]] at the [[60th National Film Awards]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://psbt.org/films/timbaktu/ | title=Timbaktu – PSBT }}</ref> and [[Dilli (film)|''Dilli'']], which was awarded Best Documentary at the [[Jaipur International Film Festival]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.whatshot.in/delhi-ncr/movie-screening-timbaktu-dilli-e-371312 | title=Movie Screening: Timbaktu + Dilli in Delhi NCR, AntiSocial | What's Hot }}</ref> She is the co-founder of the award-winning production company, Black Ticket Films.<ref>{{Cite web |title=criticalcollective.in |url=https://criticalcollective.in/SpecialProjectEssayListing.aspx?id=1471 |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=criticalcollective.in}}</ref> In 2021, she was awarded the IDA Courage Under Fire Award<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-14 |title=37th Annual IDA Documentary Awards Announces 2021 Honorees {{!}} International Documentary Association |url=https://www.documentary.org/press-release/37th-annual-ida-documentary-awards-announces-2021-honorees |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=www.documentary.org |language=en}}</ref> for her body of work.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Courage Under Fire Award - Rintu Thomas and Sushmit Ghosh {{!}} International Documentary Association |url=https://www.documentary.org/awards2021/honorees/rintu-thomas-sushmit-ghosh |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=www.documentary.org |language=en}}</ref>

== Education ==
Thomas received her MA in Mass Communication from [[A.J.K. Mass Communication Research Centre]] Jamia University, New Delhi. Her Master's thesis film ''Flying Inside My Body''<ref>{{Cite web |title=AWARDS AND JURY |url=https://mumbaiqueerfest.com/awards-and-jury/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=KASHISH Pride Film Festival |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=我心飞翔 FLYING INSIDE MY BODY – Beijing Queer Film Festival |url=https://www.bjqff.com/festival-history/2011%e5%b9%b4%e5%bd%b1%e5%b1%95-2011-film-festival/%e6%88%91%e5%bf%83%e9%a3%9e%e7%bf%94-flying-inside-my-body/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> won numerous student documentary awards. She received her BA in English Literature from [[Lady Shri Ram College]] at [[Delhi University]] in 2006. Her professional work has won support from various organizations, including Japan Foundation's HANDs Fellowship (2016), [[Sundance Institute]]'s Fellowship (2018), [[Skoll Foundation|Skoll]] Stories of Change Fellow (2019),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Skoll {{!}} Equity and Storytelling: What We're Looking Forward to at Sundance This Year |url=https://skoll.org/2021/01/26/equity-and-storytelling-what-were-looking-forward-to-at-sundance-this-year/ |access-date=2024-05-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-28 |title=From Art to Impact: How Stories Can Create Meaningful Change - sundance.org |url=https://www.sundance.org/blogs/from-art-to-impact-how-stories-can-create-meaningful-change/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> IDA Logan Elevate Honoree (2021).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-24 |title=Courage Under Fire Award: 'Writing With Fire' Team on Finding Hope in the Unlikeliest Place {{!}} International Documentary Association |url=https://www.documentary.org/online-feature/courage-under-fire-award-writing-fire-team-finding-hope-unlikeliest-place |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=www.documentary.org |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Thomas, along with long-standing partner, Sushmit Ghosh has directed and produced over 150 short documentaries under their Black Ticket Films banner.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rintu Thomas {{!}} IMDbPro |url=https://pro.imdb.com/name/nm4045125/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=pro.imdb.com}}</ref> Her short documentary [[Dilli (film)|Dilli]] premiered at the [[NASDAQ]] in [[Times Square]], [[New York City]] in 2011<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-31 |title=Robin Raina Foundation Founder Robin Raina to Ring the NASDAQ Stock Market Closing Bell to Mark the Film Premiere of "Dilli" |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna42357863 |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> and won 22 international awards including 10 Best Short Documentary Awards. Films directed by Thomas has been screened at several top-tier international film festivals and global platforms including the [[United Nations Climate Change Conference]] and [[Lincoln Center]] for Performing Arts. Her work has been profiled by [[The New York Times]], Washington Post,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rezaian |first=Jason |date=2021-02-04 |title=Opinion {{!}} The most inspiring journalism movie — maybe ever |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/02/01/india-writing-with-fire-khabar-lahariya-journalism/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |work=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> [[Time (magazine)|Time Magazine]],<ref>{{Citation |title=Time (magazine) |date=2024-05-25 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Time_(magazine)&oldid=1225558670 |access-date=2024-05-31 |language=en}}</ref> The Atlantic,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutt |first=Yashica |date=2022-02-14 |title=The Oscar-Nominated Film That Offers a Master Class in Journalism |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/culture/archive/2022/02/writing-with-fire-documentary-dalit-women/622079/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> The Guardian,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Clarke |first=Cath |date=2021-07-29 |title='Stop patronising me and give me an interview': the female journalists speaking up for India's poor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/jul/29/stop-patronising-me-and-give-me-an-interview-the-female-journalists-speaking-up-for-indias-poor |access-date=2024-05-31 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The Financial Times,<ref>{{Cite web |title=How a film about fearless Indian female reporters made it to the Oscars |url=https://www.ft.com/content/802a4423-1f7a-499f-b0e8-a556e6a00c70 |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=www.ft.com}}</ref> Le Monde, [[The Hollywood Reporter]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kang |first=Inkoo |date=2021-02-01 |title='Writing With Fire': Film Review {{!}} Sundance 2021 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/writing-with-fire-film-review-sundance-2021-4123315/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brzeski |first=Patrick |date=2022-03-17 |title='Writing With Fire' Directors on Their Oscar-Nominated Doc's Inspiring Subjects: "There's a World of Possibilities That They're Creating" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/oscars-writing-with-fire-documentary-directors-interview-1235112282/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McVey |first=Ciara |date=2022-03-12 |title=The Hollywood Reporter's 'A Seat at the Table': Documentary Feature |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/video/thrs-a-seat-at-the-table-documentary-feature/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> Variety,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hailu |first=Selome |date=2021-11-19 |title=CAA Signs 'Writing With Fire' Directors Rintu Thomas and Sushmit Ghosh (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/caa-rintu-thomas-sushmit-ghosh-writing-with-fire-1235115651/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiang |first=Jessica |date=2021-02-05 |title='Writing With Fire' Review: Rousing, Inspirational Tribute to the Pride of Grassroots Indian Journalism |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/reviews/writing-with-fire-review-1234900179/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> Deadline,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sadarangani |first=Sunil |date=2023-01-11 |title=As Oscar Nomination Voting Nears, Documentary Films from India Gain Prominence On The Global Stage |url=https://deadline.com/2023/01/documentary-films-from-india-gain-prominence-gain-prominence-all-that-breathes-the-elephant-whisperers-news-1235217758/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Carey |first=Matthew |date=2022-03-21 |title='Writing With Fire' Writes Oscar Ticket With Story Of Courageous Indian Women Journalists: "You're Now A Part Of History" |url=https://deadline.com/2022/03/writing-with-fire-oscar-nominated-documentary-music-box-films-directors-sushmit-ghosh-rintu-thomas-interview-news-1234982996/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Carey |first=Matthew |date=2022-01-31 |title=Oscar-Shortlisted 'Writing With Fire' Documents Indian Women Journalists Who Beat The Odds To Create Reporting Powerhouse |url=https://deadline.com/2022/01/writing-with-fire-music-box-films-documentary-directors-rintu-thomas-sushmit-ghosh-interview-news-1234922781/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> No Film School,<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Two Indian Directors Defied the Odds and Exposed the Caste System {{!}} No Film School |url=https://nofilmschool.com/how-two-indian-directors-defied-odds |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=nofilmschool.com |language=en}}</ref> [[The Asahi Shimbun]] among others.

Thomas serves as a mentor for several international film labs and has served as a jury member for [[IFTA Film & Drama Awards|Irish Film & Television Academy Awards]], [[International Documentary Association]] Awards, Points North Fellowship<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Elena |title=Points North Fellowship |url=https://pointsnorthinstitute.org/artist-programs/points-north-fellowship/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Points North Institute |language=en-US}}</ref> [[International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam]] Academy, IDA Enterprise Documentary Fund, Alternativa Film Awards,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=2023-12-04 |title=Alternativa Film Project Marks Close of First Edition With Award Ceremony Feting Social-Impact Films From Central Asia |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/global/alternativa-film-project-awards-1235820236/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alternativa Film Project – Celebrating Artistic Merits and Social Impact |url=https://alternativa.film/awards.html |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=alternativa.film}}</ref> [[UNESCO]] film programme for young adults.

Thomas' first feature-length documentary, ''Writing With Fire'', premiered on 29 January 2021 in the [[Sundance Film Festival]]'s World Cinema Documentary Competition.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-02 |title=2021 Sundance Film Festival Awards Announced - sundance.org |url=https://www.sundance.org/blogs/news/2021-sundance-film-festival-awards-announced/ |access-date=2024-04-07 |language=en-US}}</ref> One of the first reviews was [[The Washington Post]] describing it as "The most inspiring journalism movie – maybe ever".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rezaian |first=Jason |author-link=Jason Rezaian |date=1 February 2021 |title="Opinion: The most inspiring journalism movie — maybe ever" |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/02/01/india-writing-with-fire-khabar-lahariya-journalism/ |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> [[IndieWire|Indiewire]]'s Kate Erbland in her review of the documentary wrote, "Armed with eagle-eyed filmmakers and compelling subjects, the film deftly blends the (inextricably linked) personal and professional sides of the journalists' work, offering up a wide-ranging look at a vital outlet with so many stories to tell…the result is profound".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Erbland |first=Kate |date=2021-02-03 |title='Writing with Fire' Review: Sundance World Cinema Doc Winner Is a Fearless Fight for Real News |url=https://www.indiewire.com/criticism/movies/writing-with-fire-review-sundance-documentary-1234614357/ |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US}}</ref>

It was the first Indian film to win a Peabody Award, and the jury described the winner as one of "the most compelling and empowering stories released in 2022 across broadcasting and streaming media".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Plowman |first=Katherine |date=2023-07-13 |title=83rd Annual Peabody Awards Announced |url=https://peabodyawards.com/stories/83rd-annual-peabody-awards-announced/ |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=The Peabody Awards |language=en-US}}</ref> The New York Times chose it as a Critics' Pick<ref>{{Cite news |last=Girish |first=Devika |date=2021-11-25 |title='Writing With Fire' Review: Speaking Truth to Power |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/25/movies/writing-with-fire-review.html |access-date=2024-05-31 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and the film obtained nominations for Best Documentary from the [[Grierson Awards]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grierson Trust reveals final nominations for 50th British Documentary Awards |url=https://realscreen.com/2022/09/21/grierson-trust-reveals-final-nominations-for-50th-british-documentary-awards/ |access-date=2024-05-31}}</ref> [[International Documentary Association]] Awards<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-14 |title=Nominees Revealed for the 37th Annual IDA Documentary Awards {{!}} International Documentary Association |url=https://www.documentary.org/press-release/nominees-revealed-37th-annual-ida-documentary-awards |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=www.documentary.org |language=en}}</ref> and [[Producers Guild of America]] Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-10 |title=PGA Award Nominees for Documentary Motion Pictures |url=https://producersguild.org/pgaawards-nominees-docmotionpic/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Producers Guild}}</ref> Along with winning 40 awards, it is India's first documentary to be nominated for an Academy Award.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-02-08 |title=India's 'Writing With Fire' makes it to Oscars, nominated for Best Documentary Feature |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/indias-writing-with-fire-makes-it-to-the-final-nominations-list-at-oscars-for-best-documentary-feature/articleshow/89433943.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-05-31 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> In India, the documentary film premiered at the [[Dharamshala International Film Festival]]<ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |date=2022-10-29 |title=Dharamshala film festival returns for a physical edition and cine-love in the hills |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1036115/dharamshala-film-festival-returns-for-a-physical-edition-and-cine-love-in-the-hills |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Festival |first=Asian Film |date=2022-11-01 |title=10 Films you shouldn't miss at the Dharamshala International Film Festival |url=https://asianfilmfestivals.com/2022/11/01/films-you-shouldnt-miss-dharamshala-international-film-festival-2022/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Asian Film Festivals |language=en}}</ref> on 5 November 2022.

Following the New York premiere of the documentary at [[Doc NYC]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=WRITING WITH FIRE |url=https://www.docnyc.net/film/writing-with-fire/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=DOC NYC |language=en-US}}</ref> in November 2021, the documentary had a theatrical release in the United States,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Film Forum · In-Person Q&As with WRITING WITH FIRE Filmmakers Rintu Thomas & Sushmit Ghosh, Co-presented by Brown Girl Doc Mafia |url=https://filmforum.org/events/event/writing-with-fire-qas-11-28 |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Film Forum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Film Forum · WRITING WITH FIRE |url=https://filmforum.org/film/writing-with-fire |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Film Forum |language=en}}</ref> with the opening weekend at the [[Film Forum]] in New York. In August 2023, it had a theatrical release in Japan,<ref>{{Cite web |title=映画『燃えあがる女性記者たち』公式WEBサイト |url=https://writingwithfire.jp/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=writingwithfire.jp |language=ja-JP}}</ref> across 50 Japanese theatres in 22 prefectures.

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Worked As
|-
|2010
|In Search of My Home
|Director, Producer
|-
|2011
|[[Dilli (film)|Dilli]]
|Director, Producer
|-
|2012
|Timbaktu
|Director
|-
|2021
|[[Writing With Fire]]
|Director, Producer, Editor
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{instagram|rintuthomas}}
* {{IMDb name|4424010}}
* [https://www.tfiny.org/filmmakers/detail/sushmit_ghosh Sushmit Ghosh], [[Tribeca Film Festival]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thomas, Rintu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian documentary filmmakers]]
[[Category:Lady Shri Ram College alumni]]
[[Category:Jamia Millia Islamia alumni]]

Clephydroneura pulla

2026-02-07T19:31:57Z

RaymondLoewentha: Started a article

{{Short description|Species of robberfly}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Clephydroneura pulla - Boson - 558937334.jpeg
| image_caption =
| display_parents = 3
| genus = Clephydroneura
| species = pulla
| authority = [[Harold Oldroyd|Oldroyd]], 1938
| synonyms =
}}

'''''Clephydroneura pulla''''' is a species of robberfly in the family [[Asilidae]]. It is found in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Thompson Gordon B |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.24290 |title=The Annals and Magazine Of Natural History Vol-i(1938) |last2=Woodward A. Smith Sir |date=1938 |publisher=Taylor and Francis, Ltd. London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yatoo |first=Suhaib Firdous |last2=Wachkoo |first2=Aijaz Ahmad |last3=Pillai |first3=Kavya G. |last4=Cohen |first4=Chris M. |date=2024-09-17 |title=Catalog of the Robber Flies of India (Diptera: Asilidae) |url=https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5509.1.1 |journal=Zootaxa |language=en |volume=5509 |issue=1 |pages=1–88 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.5509.1.1 |issn=1175-5334|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

This species is differentiated from the similar ''Clephydoneura semirufa'' most notably by its completely dark legs. The tibia are browner and lighter towards the base. The central stripe of the thorax is divided into two parts, which are well separated by a yellow area.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q11839875}}

[[Category:Asilidae]]
[[Category:Insects described in 1938]]

{{Asilidae-stub}}

Amit Dutt (painter)

2026-02-06T22:36:39Z

RaymondLoewentha: started a info w/ refs...

{{Short description|Indian painter}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Amit Dutt
| image = Artist Amit Dutt.jpg
| birth_place =
| education = Diploma in Fine Arts
| alma_mater = Shilpa Bharti Institute of Fine Arts and Crafts
| occupation = Painter
| known_for = Sutra, Mukhaute, Dayre, Serenity, Tranquility, Inner Journey
| awards = [[Lalit Kala Akademi]] [[Sahitya Kala Parishad]]
| website = {{URL|artsutra.net}}
}}

'''Amit Dutt''' is an Indian [[Painting|painter]] from [[New Delhi]],<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=26 December 2003 |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - NCR stories |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031226/ncr2.htm |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]}}</ref> his paintings depict diverse facets of human nature and the social interdependence of man through multiple ties. He has done several national and international exhibitions in both solo and group format.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Gurung |first=Naureen |date=22 April 2019 |title=Chitkara University’s ‘National Level Art Festival’ unites art lovers and artists |url=https://news.careers360.com/chitkara-universitys-national-level-art-festival-unites-art-lovers-and-artists |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=Careers360 |language=en}}</ref> His paintings are in collection of many art collectors in Indian and abroad, including [[Rashtrapati Niwas|Rashtrapati Niwas Shimla]] and [[National Gallery of Modern Art]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Amit Dutt |url=https://klcityartgallery.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/exhibition-identity.pdf |website=klcityartgallery.com}}</ref><ref name=":13"/>

He has received many awards for his notable work including [[Lalit Kala Akademi|Lalit Kala Akademi Award]], the highest award honoured by the [[Government of India]] for visual arts,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Popli |first=Bhumika |date=2018-01-20 |title=This group of contemporary artists will shape our cultural currents in the future |url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/art/12408-group-contemporary-artists-will-shape-our-cultural-currents-future |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=[[The Sunday Guardian]] |language=en-US}}</ref> and [[Sahitya Kala Parishad|Sahitya Kala Academy Award]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |first= |date=2018-09-16 |title=Cause and Effect |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/cause-and-effect-sabia-khan-amit-dutt-indian-painters-5358324/ |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Behal |first=Arsh |last2= |last3= |first3= |date=14 September 2018 |title=Visual treat for Tricity’s artistic minds {{!}} Chandigarh News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/visual-treat-for-tricitys-artistic-minds/articleshow/65804543.cms |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Amit has completed 5 years Diploma in Fine Arts from Shilpa Bharti Institute of Fine Art, [[New Delhi]].<ref name=":13"/> A course in carpet designing led him to Art School. He is a contemporary artist whose most of the works are in [[Acrylic paint|acrylic]] and [[Mixed media|mixed medium]] on canvas and paper in the modern art category.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Tripathy |first=Nandini D. |date=2013-11-27 |title=A ‘sutra’ of expression |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-sutra-of-expression/article5397891.ece |access-date=2022-03-16 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":4" />

He has participated in many solo and group shows inside and outside the country.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" /> His recent international exhibition Identity was organized by [[Art International|Arth International]] and KL City Art gallery, [[Kuala Lumpur|Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia]] in 2020.<ref name=":7" />

Amit has also conceptualized an app with the name ArtSutra that helps the viewer to see the artwork on their phone including the crafting of their favorite artwork. The app is available both on [[Android (operating system)|android]] and [[iOS]] operating systems.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Technology conjoined with colours through Art Sutra |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Amaravati-Tab/2016-06-22/Technologyconjoinedwith-colours-throughArt-Sutra/236837 |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=The Hans India |language=en}}</ref>

==Solo exhibitions (selected)==

* 2017: ‘Lakeeren’ at Lalit Kala Akademi, [[Santiniketan|Rabindra Bhawan]], [[New Delhi]]<ref name=":6" />
* 2016: ‘Serenity’ at Art Sutra, [[New Delhi]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lexicon art by Lexicon Collection |url=https://issuu.com/thelexiconart/docs/thelexiconart |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=[[issuu]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Serenity |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/ht-city/20160622/281938837211949 |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=[[PressReader]]}}</ref>
* 2014: ‘Art Sutra’ at Lalit Kala Akademi, Rabindra Bhawan, New Delhi<ref name=":6" />
* 2013: ‘Art Sutra’ at Gallery Pioneer, New Delhi<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Ayesha |date=17 November 2013 |title=Unshackled expressions of a free mind |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2013/nov/17/unshackled-expressions-of-a-free-mind-538278.html |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-09-02 |title=Artist Amit Dutt |url=http://www.betterinteriors.in/people/artists/artist-amit-dutt/20410/ |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=[[Better Interiors]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
* 2012: ‘Tranquility’ at Gallery Pioneer, New Delhi<ref name=":0" />

==International exhibitions (selected)==

* 2020: ‘Identity’ organised by Arth International and KL City Art Gallery, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (Virtual mode)<ref name=":7" />
* 2017: ‘Indian Contemporaries’ in [[Nizhny Novgorod|Nizhny Novgorod, Russia]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Popli |first=Bhumika |date=16 December 2017 |title=Towards a new beginning: Styles and subjects in contemporary Indian art |work=[[The Sunday Guardian]] |url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/art/11974-towards-new-beginning-styles-and-subjects-contemporary-indian-art}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Contemporaries/ Индийские современники |url=https://garagemca.org/en/programs/library/catalogue/L23691 |access-date=2022-04-02 |website=Garage Museum of Contemporary Art}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
'''2017:''' [[Lalit Kala Akademi|National Academy Award]] in the 59th National Exhibition of Art<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-23 |title=Lalit Kala Akademi hosts 59th National Exhibition of Art |url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/features/lalit-kala-akademi-hosts-59thnational-exhibition-of-art-281152 |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=Millennium Post |language=en}}</ref>

'''2005:<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":0" />'''

* [[Bombay Art Society]] All India Award
* [[All India Fine Arts and Crafts Society|AIFACS]] All India Award
* All India Award by Indian Academy of Fine Arts, [[Amritsar]]

'''2004:''' Camel All India Art Teachers' Award<ref name=":7" />

'''1998:''' Scholarship by ‘Times Eye Research Foundation’<ref name=":7" />

'''1991:''' [[Sahitya Kala Parishad|Sahitya Kala Parishad Award]] in 7th Yuva Mahotsav (Youth Festival)<ref name=":7" />

==Books==
* {{cite book |last=Dutt |first=Amit |url= |title=Khayalon Ke Parinde |date=1 January 2016 |publisher=SHILALEKH |isbn=978-8173293887 |location=India |page=112 |author-link=}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Amit Dutt (painter)}}
* [https://artsutra.net/index.php/about-amit-dutt/ Amit Dutt]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dutt, Amit}}
[[Category:Indian male painters]]
[[Category:Indian male sculptors]]
[[Category:Indian modern painters]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian sculptors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:Indian contemporary painters]]
[[Category:Indian contemporary sculptors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sculptors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male artists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male artists]]

Bhawana Somaaya

2026-02-06T06:02:33Z

RaymondLoewentha: started the post first draft...

{{short description|Indian historian}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bhawana Somaaya
| image = Bhawana Somaaya.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Bhawana Somaaya in 2000
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
|years_active = 1978–present
| occupation = film critic, [[film historian]], Editor ''[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]'' (2000–2007)
| known_for =
|website= {{URL|http://www.bhawanasomaaya.com/}}
}}

''' Bhawana Somaaya'''<ref>Her name is often misspelled as Bhavana Somaiya or Bhavana Somaya.</ref> is an Indian film journalist, critic, author and historian. She has been honoured with the [[Padma Shri]] in the year 2017 by the [[President of India]] [[Pranab Mukherjee]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/humbled-honoured-to-receive-padma-shri-bhawana-somaaya-117012800525_1.html|title=Humbled, honoured to receive Padma Shri: Bhawana Somaaya|last=IANS|date=28 January 2017|work=Business Standard}}</ref> Starting her career as film reporter in 1978, she went to work with several film magazines, through the 1980s and 1990s. Eventually, she remained editor of ''[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]'', a leading film magazine, from 2000 to 2007. She has written over 13 books on history of [[Hindi cinema]] and biographies of [[Bollywood]] stars, including ''Salaam Bollywood'' (2000), ''[[The Story So Far (book)|The Story So Far]]'' (2003) and her trilogy, ''Amitabh Bachchan – The Legend'' (1999), ''Bachchanalia – The Films And Memorabilia of Amitabh Bachchan'' (2009) and ''Amitabh Lexicon'' (2011).<ref>{{cite web | title = March of the botox brigade| url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110723/saturday/main1.htm|date=23 July 2011| access-date = 18 August 2013 |work= [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]]}}</ref><ref name=tribune11/>

==Early life and background==
Somaaya was born and brought up in Mumbai. She is the youngest child among her eight siblings.

She did her schooling from [[Our Lady of Good Counsel High School, Mumbai|Our Lady of Good Counsel High School]] in [[Sion, Mumbai]] and is also trained in [[Bharatnatyam]] dance at ''Vallabh Sangeetalaya'' in [[Andheri West]].

After her schooling, she did her graduation in Psychology and acquired a degree in L.L.B. (Criminology) from [[Government Law College, Mumbai]], University of Mumbai. She also studied Journalism at [[K. C. College]], Mumbai.<ref name=film/>

==Career==
[[File:Bhavna Somaiya, Jaya Prada at the launch of T P Aggarwal's trade magazine 'Blockbuster' 04.jpg|thumb|left|160px|Bhawana Somaaya (left) and actress [[Jaya Prada]] at the launch of trade magazine ''Blockbuster'', 2012. ]]
Somaaya started her career as a film journalist and columnist with in 1978, and writing the column, "Casually Speaking" in film weekly, ''Cinema Journal'' published by ''[[The Free Press Journal]]''. After working in ''Super'' magazine (1980–1981), she joined the ''Movie'' magazine published by [[India Book House]] as an assistant editor and became co-editor in 1985, and worked here till 1988. In 1989, she became the editor of ''G'', a film magazine by [[Chitralekha (weekly)|Chitralekha Group]]. This was followed by her tenure as editor of noted film weekly, ''[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]'' from 2000 to 2007.<ref name=film>{{cite web| title = "Mr. Bachchan never compliments me" – Bhawana Somaaya| url = http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/mr-bachchan-never-compliments-me-bhawana-somaaya-3675.html|author= Farhana Farook|date=12 July 2013| access-date = 18 August 2013|publisher=Filmfare}}</ref><ref name=jour>{{cite web| title =Bhawana Somaaya: Journalist| url =http://www.bhawanasomaaya.com/Jurnalist.html#| access-date =19 August 2013| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130128130355/http://bhawanasomaaya.com/Jurnalist.html| archive-date =28 January 2013| url-status =dead}}</ref>

Meanwhile, she has also worked as costume designer, for actress [[Shabana Azmi]] in films like ''Kaamyaab'' (1984), ''[[Bhavna]]'' (1984), ''[[Aaj Ka M.L.A. Ram Avtar]]'' (1984) and ''[[Main Azaad Hoon]]'' (1989).<ref>{{IMDb name|1133259}}</ref>

[[File:Aamir Khan at 92.7 BIG FM to promote Satyamev Jayate 03.jpg|thumb|[[Aamir Khan]] with Bhawana Somaaya at 92.7 BIG FM studio to promote ''Satyamev Jayate'' series, 2012. ]]Over the years, her columns have appeared in publications like ''[[The Observer]]'', ''[[Afternoon (newspaper)|Afternoon]]'', ''[[Janmabhumi|Janmabhoomi]]'', ''[[The Hindu]]'', ''[[The Hindustan Times]]'' and ''[[Indian Express]]''.<ref>{{cite web| title = Bhawana Somaaya Columns, Leading Columnist|work=The Indian Express | url = http://www.indianexpress.com/columnist/bhawanasomaaya/ | access-date = 19 August 2013}}</ref> In 1999, she started her career as an author, with biography, ''Amitabh: The Legend''. This led to biographies of other film celebrities like [[Hema Malini]], plus two more book of [[Amitabh Bachchan]], ''Bachchanalia – The Films And Memorabilia of Amitabh Bachchan'' (2009) and ''Amitabh Lexicon'' (2011).<ref name=tribune11>{{cite web | title = Bollywood chronicler|author=Aradhika Sharma|work=The Sunday Tribune| url =http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110814/spectrum/book9.htm |date= 14 August 2011 |access-date = 19 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title = Bhawana Somaaya: The Amitabh Bachchan I know| url = http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bhawana-somaaya-the-amitabh-bachchan-i-know/293122-8-66.html| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120922223410/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bhawana-somaaya-the-amitabh-bachchan-i-know/293122-8-66.html| url-status = dead| archive-date = 22 September 2012|date=19 September 2012| access-date = 19 August 2013|publisher=CNN-IBN}}</ref> ''Bachchanalia'' was co-authored by the Osians Centre for Archiving, Research & Development (CARD) and also included publicity material from the 40 years of his film career.<ref>{{cite web| title = Osian launches Bachchanalia | url = http://ibnlive.in.com/news/osian-starts-its-publishing-house-with-bachchanalia/81906-8.html| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110109185332/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/osian-starts-its-publishing-house-with-bachchanalia/81906-8.html| url-status = dead| archive-date = 9 January 2011|publisher=CNN-IBN|date=4 January 2009 | access-date = 19 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title='Bachchanalia' – the Big B as hero, lover, conman|work=The Hindu|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200901241280.htm|date=24 January 2009|access-date=19 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234252/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200901241280.htm|archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> She has also written books on [[Hindi cinema]] history, ''Salaam Bollywood'' (2000) and ''Take 25 – Star Insights and Attitudes'' (2002), which was released by actress [[Rekha]] at a function in Mumbai and entailed Somaaya's 25 years as a film journalist.<ref>{{cite web| title = Of a bygone era|url =http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/04/05/stories/2002040500940200.htm|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20030908042132/http://hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/04/05/stories/2002040500940200.htm|url-status =dead|archive-date =8 September 2003|date=5 April 2002| work = [[The Hindu]]| access-date = 19 August 2013}}</ref> This was followed by ''[[The Story So Far (book)|The Story So Far]]'' (2003) published by ''[[Indian Express]]''<ref>{{cite web| title = Ode to Bollywood| url = http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/18347/|date=13 February 2003| access-date = 19 August 2013|work=The Indian Express}}</ref> and ''Talking Cinema: Conversations with Actors and Film-Makers'' (2013).

Shifting to television, in 2008, when she joined Swastik Pictures, a television production company, which made TV series, ''[[Amber Dhara]]'' as a media consultant.<ref name=mint>{{cite web| title = Bhawana Somaaya joins Swastik Pictures|work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url =http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/R38ACFB2JhzvcFLZWqW31I/Bhawana-Somaaya-joins-Swastik-Pictures.html|date= 21 February 2008| access-date = 19 August 2013
}}</ref> In May 2012, she started appearing on air, as a Friday-film reviewer, [[BIG FM 92.7]], Reliance Media's FM radio station.<ref>{{cite web| title = Bhawana Somaaya to host Paisal Vasool show on BIG FM| url = http://www.medianewsline.com/bhawana-somaaya-to-host-paisal-vasool-show-on-big-fm/| publisher = .medianewsline.com| access-date = 19 August 2013| archive-date = 31 December 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131231002246/http://www.medianewsline.com/bhawana-somaaya-to-host-paisal-vasool-show-on-big-fm/| url-status = dead}}</ref> In 2012, she joined ''Blockbuster'', the newly launched film trade magazine. In 2019, she started a podcast on epilog media - #MeriKahani with Bhawana Somaaya.<ref name=jour/> Currently, she is the Entertainment Editor at 92.7 Big FM Radio network.

She is a classical dancer, a podcaster and author of 19 books. Her books are a point of reference for students studying cinema at Whistling Woods, Mumbai, Manipal University, Mangalore and JNU, Delhi. Apart from books on cinema, she has also written [https://www.amazon.in/Keshava-Magnificent-Obsession-Bhawana-Somaaya/dp/9387779394 Keshava: A Magnificent Obsession] and [https://www.amazon.in/Shaping-Seed-Ancient-Wisdom-Sanskaar-ebook/dp/B07ZZ8F8JD Shaping of The Seed: The Ancient Wisdom of Garbh Sanskaar] She has even translated Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Gujarati books ''Saakshi Bhaav'' and ''Aankh Aa Dhanya Chhe'' into English as ''Letters to Mother and Letters to Self'' in 2020 and 2022 respectively.

== Humanitarian and social causes ==
Ms. Somaaya is an Advisor with an NGO called [https://www.dhaiakshar.org/ Dhai Akshar] and a founder member with four others at Share & Care Foundation Mumbai.

==Works==
* {{cite book|author=Bhawana Somaaya|title=Amitabh Bachchan: The Legend|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VSxlAAAAMAAJ|year =1999|publisher=Macmillan India Limited|isbn=978-0-333-93355-8}}
* {{cite book|author=Bhawana Somaaya|title=Salaam Bollywood: The Pain and the Passion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DPZkAAAAMAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Spantech & Lancer|isbn=978-1-897829-54-7}}
* {{cite book|author=Bhawana Somaaya|title=Take 25: Star Insights & Attitudes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H-_8AQAACAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Sambhav Publishers|isbn=978-81-901354-1-2}}
* {{cite book|author=Bhawana Somaaya |title=[[The Story So Far (book)|The Story So Far]] |year=2003|publisher=Indian Express Group}}
*{{cite book|author=Bhawana Somaaya|title=Cinema Images And Issues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SGaNuOL8Ob4C|year=2004|publisher=Rupa Publications|isbn=978-8129103703}}
* {{cite book |author=Bhawana Somaaya |editor=Malvika Singh |title=Freeing the Spirit: The Iconic Women of Modern India |chapter=Lata Mangeshkar |year=2006 |publisher=New York |isbn=978-0-14-310082-9}}
* {{cite book|author=Bhawana Somaaya|title=[[Hema Malini: The Authorized Biography]]|year=2007|publisher=Lotus Collection|isbn=978-81-7436-467-8}}
* {{cite book|author=Bhawana Somaaya|title=Fragmented Frames: Reflections of a Critic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HQ3Yi9VPU8QC|year =2008|publisher=Pustak Mahal|isbn=978-81-223-1016-0}}
* {{cite book|author=Bhawana Somaaya|title=Krishna-The God Who Lived As Man|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hqLKwKPZllAC|year = 2008|publisher=Pustak Mahal|isbn=978-81-223-1027-6}}
* {{cite book|author=Bhawana Somaaya|title=Bachchanalia: The Films and Memorabilia of Amitabh Bachchan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8DlePgAACAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Osian's-Connoisseurs of Art|isbn=978-81-8174-027-4}}
* {{cite book|author1=Bhawana Somaaya|author2=Jigna Kothari|author3=Supriya Madangarli|title=Mother Maiden Mistress: Women in Hindi Cinema, 1950–2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dtec0Ykfo1sC|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins, India|isbn=978-81-7223-859-9}}
* {{cite book|author=Bhawana Somaaya|title=Amitabh Lexicon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jBBetwAACAAJ|year=2011|isbn=978-8122311891|publisher=Pustak Mahal}}
* {{cite book |title=Talking Cinema: Conversations with Actors and Film-Makers |author=Bhawana Somaaya |publisher=HarperCollins |year=2013 |isbn=978-9350296455 |url=http://www.harpercollins.co.in/BookDetail.asp?Book_Code=3824 |access-date=19 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809002507/http://harpercollins.co.in/BookDetail.asp?Book_Code=3824 |archive-date=9 August 2013 |url-status=dead }}
* Bhawana Somaaya (2017). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=V4PZDQAAQBAJ Once Upon A Time in India]''. Penguin Random House India. {{ISBN|9780143426028}}
* Bhawana Somaaya (2018). [https://books.google.com/books?id=QWdptgEACAAJ ''Keshava: A Magnificent Obsession'']. Fingerprint! Publishing'''.''' {{ISBN|9789387779396}}
* Bhawana Somaaya (2019). ''Chalo Cinema.'' Navbharat Sahitya Bhandar. {{ISBN|978-93-82779-07-0}}
* Bhawana Somaaya (2019). ''Shaping of The Seed: The Ancient Wisdom of Garbh Sanskaar''. Aslan Reads. {{ISBN|978-9385898372}}
* Bhawana Somaaya (2020). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=rbXlDwAAQBAJ Letters to Mother]''. Harper Collins'''.''' {{ISBN|978-9353576325}}
* Bhawana Somaaya (2021).''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2lK1zgEACAAJ On Camera Off Camera].'' Notion Press {{ISBN|978-1-63997-633-1}}
* Bhawana Somaaya (2022). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=FSRvzwEACAAJ Letters To Self – Translated from the Gujarati by Bhawana Somaaya]''. Fingerprint. {{ISBN|978-93-5440-549-5}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.bhawanasomaaya.com/}}


{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Somaaya, Bhawana}}
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Writers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Indian women journalists]]
[[Category:Indian film critics]]
[[Category:Indian columnists]]
[[Category:Indian film historians]]
[[Category:Celebrity biographers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biographers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Journalists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian scientists]]
[[Category:Indian women historians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Indian women non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Indian women biographers]]
[[Category:Indian women columnists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Women writers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Indian women film critics]]
[[Category:Indian women magazine editors]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]

Puran Chand Thakur

2026-02-05T04:42:13Z

RaymondLoewentha: Started Details

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}

'''Puran Chand Thakur''' (born 1958)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puran Chand(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- DARANG(MANDI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/himachalpradesh2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=85 |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Himachal Pradesh]]. He is a member of the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[Darang Assembly constituency]] in [[Mandi district]]. He won the [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2022-12-08 |title=Darang Election 2022 Final Results Live: Bjp Candidate Puran Chand Wins From Darang , Details Inside |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/darang-election-result-2022-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-tally-bjp-congress-aap-himachal-pradesh-assembly-election-result-news-1568197 |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-08 |title=Himachal Pradesh election results 2022 LIVE: Check full list of constituency-wise winners/leading |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/himachal-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2022-won-lost-leading-and-trailing-candidates-article-96070701 |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Thakur is from [[Darang Assembly constituency|Darang]], Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh. He is the son of [[Hari Ram Sardar]]. He studied Class 10 in 1975 and passed the examinations conducted by the [[Himachal Pradesh Board of School Education]], [[Dharamshala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puran Chand(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- DARANG(MANDI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/himachalpradesh2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=85 |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> After 40 years in Congress party, he became a rebel and joined the BJP and was nominated from Darang seat.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-28 |title=Himachal Election: Once A Congressi, Now BJP's Shoo-In In Darang, Know All About Puran Chand Thakur |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/india/himachal-pradesh-assembly-election-2022-puran-chand-thakur-bjp-darang-vidhan-sabha-candidate-profile-10055667 |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=English Jagran |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Thakur won from Darang Assembly constituency representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the 2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. He polled 36,572 votes and defeated his nearest rival and eight time MLA, [[Kaul Singh Thakur]], the former Himachal Pradesh [[Indian National Congress]] chief, by a margin of 618 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-08 |title=Congress heavyweight Kaul Singh, daughter lose from Mandi seats |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/himachal-congress-heavyweight-kaul-singh-daughter-lose-from-mandi-seats-8313771/ |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Darang Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Puran Chand of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/elections/darang-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-6561517.html |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=DNA Web |title=LIVE Updates {{!}} Darang Himachal Assembly Election Result 2022: Puran Chand from BJP wins |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-darang-himachal-assembly-election-2022-result-live-updates-vidhan-sabha-chunav-bjp-congress-aap-puran-kaul-3008980 |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakur, Puran Chand}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Mandi district]]

Vashisht

2026-02-04T03:37:10Z

RaymondLoewentha: new a page initial version

{{Wikt|वसिष्ठ}}

'''Vashisht''' or '''[[Vashistha]]''' was an ancient Indian sage (rishi) and an author of the ''Rigveda'' of Hinduism''.''

It may also refer to:
* [[Vashisht, Himachal Pradesh]], a village in Kulla district, Himachal Pradesh, India

==People with the name Vashisht==
*[[Vashishtha Bhargava]], Indian judge
*[[Vasishta N. Simha]], Indian actor
*[[Vashishtha Narayan Singh]] (1946–2019), Indian academic
*[[Vashishth Tripathi]], Indian professor
*[[Mita Vashisht]] (born 1967), Indian actress
*[[Shivank Vashisht]] (born 1995), Indian cricketer
* Siddharth Vashisht (born 1977, known as [[Manu Sharma]]), Indian convicted murderer
* [[Tushar Vashisht]], Indian entrepreneur, co-founder and CEO of consumer health app HealthifyMe
* [[Vinod Vashisht]], Indian Army general, director general of the National Cadet Corps until 2017

== See also ==
* [[Vasishtha Samhita]], a Hindu text attributed to the sage
* [[Vasishtha Siddhanta]], an Indian astronomical text attributed to the sage
* [[Yoga Vasistha]], an Indian philosophical text
* [[Maharshi Vashishtha Autonomous State Medical College, Basti]], a medical school in Uttar Pradesh, India
* [[Vasishtha dynasty]], 5th century dynasty of eastern India
* [[Vasishtesvarar Temple, Karunthittaikkudi]], Tamil Nadu, India
* [[Vasishteswarar Temple, Thittai]], Tamil Nadu, India
* [[Vasishta Nadi]], river in Tamil Nadu, India
* [[Vashishti River]], in southern India
* Vashishtiputra ({{lit|Son of Vashishti River}}), two 2nd-century Indian Satavahana dynasty kings
** [[Vashishtiputra Satakarni]]
** [[Vasishthiputra Pulumavi]]
* [[Utthita Vasisthasana]], a yoga posture

{{disambiguation|hndis}}

1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election

2026-02-01T20:22:35Z

RaymondLoewentha:

{{Short description|none}}
{{No footnotes|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1991 Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly election
| country = India
| flag_year = 1991
| type = Legislative
| ongoing = no
| party_colour =
| previous_election = 1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
| previous_year = 1989
| Previous_year =
| next_election = 1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 1993
| seats_for_election = All 425 seats of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| majority_seats = 213
| opinion_polls =
| turnout = 57.13%
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Kalyan Singh 2.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=03}}
| leader1 = [[Kalyan Singh]]
| colour1 = FF9900
| party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| alliance1 =
| leader_since1 =
| leaders_seat1 = [[Atrauli Assembly constituency|Atrauli]]
| last_election1 = 57
| seats1 = 221
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 164
| popular_vote1 = 11,770,214
| percentage1 = 31.45%
| swing1 = {{increase}} 19.84 [[percentage point|pp]]
| image2 = <div style="width:80px;"> '''JD'''</div>
| leader2 =
| colour2 = 008000
| party2 = [[Janata Dal|JD]]
| alliance2 =
| leader_since2 =
| leaders_seat2 =
| seats2 = 92
| last_election2 = 208
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 116
| popular_vote2 = 7,051,639
| percentage2 = 18.84%
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 10.87 [[percentage point|pp]]
| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Shri Narayan Dutt Tiwari.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=09}}
| leader3 = [[Narayan Dutt Tiwari]]
| party3 = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| alliance3 =
| leader_since3 =
| leaders_seat3 = [[Haldwani (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Haldwani]]
| seats3 = 46
| last_election3 = 94
| seat_change3 = {{decrease}} 48
| popular_vote3 = 6,480,753
| percentage3 = 17.59%
| swing3 = {{decrease}} 10.58 [[percentage point|pp]]
| image4 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Shri.Mulayam Singh Yadav, addressing at the National Development Council, New Delhi on December 9, 2006 (cropped).jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=06}}
| leader4 = [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
| party4 = Samajwadi Janata Party
| alliance4 =
| leader_since4 =
| leaders_seat4 = [[Jaswantnagar Assembly constituency|Jaswantnagar]], Nidhauli Kalan Assembly constituency and [[Tilhar Assembly constituency|Tilhar]]
| seats4 = 34
| last_election4 = 1
| seat_change4 = {{increase}} 33
| popular_vote4 = 4,687,418
| percentage4 = 12.52%
| swing4 = {{increase}} 11.78 [[percentage point|pp]]
| image5 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Mayawati.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=03}}
| leader5 = [[Mayawati]]
| party5 = Bahujan Samaj Party
| alliance5 =
| leader_since5 =
| leaders_seat5 = [[Bilsi Assembly constituency|Bilsi [Lost]]]
| seats5 = 12
| last_election5 = 13
| seat_change5 = {{decrease}} 1
| popular_vote5 = 3,532,683
| percentage5 = 9.44%
| swing5 = {{increase}} 0.04 [[percentage point|pp]]
| title = [[List of Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh|Chief Minister]]
| before_election = [[President's Rule]]
| after_election = [[Kalyan Singh]] [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| leader6 = [[Pawan Pandey]]
| image6 = <div style="width:80px;"> '''SS'''</div>
| party6 = Shiv Sena
| last_election6 = ''New''
| seats6 = 1
| leaders_seat6 = [[Akbarpur Assembly constituency|Akbarpur]]
| seat_change6 = ''New''
| popular_vote6 = 45,426
| percentage6 = 0.12%
| swing6 = ''New''
}}

Legislative Assembly elections were held in [[Uttar Pradesh]] in 1991. The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] became the largest party, winning 221 of the 425 seats.

== Results ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
| colspan="7"| {{center|[[File:Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly 1991.svg]]}}
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Party
! colspan="3" |Seats
! colspan="2" |Vote
|-
!Contested
!Won
!+/-
!%
!+/-
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| align="left" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
|415
|221
|{{increase}}164
|31.45
|{{increase}}19.84
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
| align="left" |[[Janata Dal]] (JD)
|374
|92
|{{decrease}}116
|18.84
|{{decrease}}10.87
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| align="left" |[[Indian National Congress]] (INC)
|413
|46
|{{decrease}}48
|17.32
|{{decrease}}10.58
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Samjawadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}" |
| align="left" |[[Janata Party (Rashtriya)| Janata Party]] (JP)
|399
|34
|{{increase}}33
|12.52
|{{increase}}11.78
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
| align="left" |[[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (BSP)
|386
|12
|{{decrease}}1
|9.44
|{{increase}}0.03
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
| align="left" |[[Communist Party of India]] (CPI)
|44
|4
|{{decrease}}2
|1.04
|{{decrease}}0.52
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
| align="left" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPM)
|14
|1
|{{decrease}}1
|0.32
|{{decrease}}0.05
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
| align="left" |[[Shiv Sena]] (SHS)
|14
|1
|{{increase}}1
|0.12
|{{increase}}0.12
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Shoshit Samaj Dal}}" |
| align="left" |Shoshit Samaj Dal (SSD)
|21
|1
|{{steady}}
|0.11
|{{decrease}}0.07
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
| align="left" |[[Independent politician|Independents]]
|5007
|7
|{{decrease}}33
|7.44
|{{decrease}}8.02
|- class="sortbottom"
|
| align="left" |'''Total'''
|
|'''419'''
|
|
|
|-
|}

===Elected members===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Constituency
! colspan="4" |Winner
! colspan="4" |Runner-up
! rowspan="2" |Margin
|-
!#
!Name
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Votes
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Votes
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Uttarkashi district]]
|-
|1
|[[Uttarkashi Assembly constituency|Uttarkashi]] (SC)
|Gyan Chand
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|30707
|Nathi Lal Shah
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|19199
|11508
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Tehri Garhwal district]]
|-
|2
|[[Tehri Assembly constituency|Tehri]]
|[[Lakhiram Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|21449
|Abbal Singh Bisht
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|17631
|3818
|-
|3
|[[Devprayag Assembly constituency|Devprayag]]
|[[Matbar Singh Kandari]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28872
|Dharam Singh Bhandari
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|12677
|16195
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Chamoli district]]
|-
|4
|[[Lansdowne Assembly constituency|Lansdowne]]
|[[Bharat Singh Rawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|20528
|[[Mohan Singh Rawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|20050
|478
|-
|5
|[[Pauri Assembly constituency|Pauri]]
|[[Harak Singh Rawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31977
|Pushkar Singh Rathaun
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|21185
|10792
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Chamoli district]]
|-
|6
|[[Karnaprayag Assembly constituency|Karnaprayag]]
|[[Ramesh Pokhriyal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|29913
|Shivanand Nautiyal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26137
|3776
|-
|7
|[[Badri–Kedar Assembly constituency|Badri–Kedar]]
|[[Kedar Singh Phonia]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|33807
|Kunwar Singh Negi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27548
|6259
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Pithoragarh district]]
|-
|8
|[[Didihat Assembly constituency|Didihat]]
|[[Lilaram Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|24534
|[[Narayan Singh Bhainsora]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|17112
|7422
|-
|9
|[[Pithoragarh Assembly constituency|Pithoragarh]]
|[[Krishna Chandra Punetha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31806
|[[Mahendra Singh Mahra]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26697
|5109
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Almora district]]
|-
|10
|[[Almora Assembly constituency|Almora]]
|[[Puran Chandra Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|30745
|Saraswati Tiwari
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|23849
|6896
|-
|11
|[[Bageshwar Assembly constituency|Bageshwar]] (SC)
|Puran Chandra
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28204
|Gopal Ram Das
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|21004
|7200
|-
|12
|[[Ranikhet Assembly constituency|Ranikhet]]
|[[Bachi Singh Rawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|27815
|Pooran Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|23674
|4141
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Nainital district]]
|-
|13
|[[Nainital Assembly constituency|Nainital]]
|[[Banshidhar Bhagat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|32215
|Sher Singh Nauliya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|19146
|13069
|-
|14
|[[Khatima Assembly constituency|Khatima]]
|Lakhan Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|30966
|[[Yashpal Arya]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|29211
|1755
|-
|15
|[[Haldwani Assembly constituency|Haldwani]]
|[[Narayan Datt Tiwari]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|46614
|[[Tilak Raj Behar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43410
|3204
|-
|16
|[[Kashipur, Uttarakhand Assembly constituency|Kashipur]]
|Rajeev Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|34734
|[[K. C. Singh Baba]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|33431
|1303
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Bijnor district]]
|-
|17
|Seohara
|Mahaveer Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|51412
|Anwar
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|31674
|19738
|-
|18
|[[Dhampur Assembly constituency|Dhampur]]
|Rajendra Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62048
|Buniyad Ali
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|35397
|26651
|-
|19
|Afzalgarh
|Indra Dev Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45467
|Salman
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|25231
|20236
|-
|20
|[[Nagina Assembly constituency|Nagina]] (SC)
|Om Prakash
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|41744
|Sarjeet Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|19255
|22489
|-
|21
|[[Najibabad Assembly constituency|Najibabad]] (SC)
|Rajendra
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|34730
|Tilak Ram
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|18901
|15829
|-
|22
|[[Bijnor Assembly constituency|Bijnor]]
|Mahendra Pal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67009
|Gazfar (Raja)
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|51349
|15660
|-
|23
|[[Chandpur Assembly constituency|Chandpur]]
|Amar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|58275
|Amruddin
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|41436
|16839
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Moradabad district]]
|-
|24
|[[Kanth Assembly constituency|Kanth]]
|Thakur Pal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26523
|Rajesh Kumar
|{{Party name with color| Janata Dal}}
|26261
|262
|-
|25
|[[Amroha Assembly constituency|Amroha]]
|Pratap Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44923
|Mohammad Hayat
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|30207
|14716
|-
|26
|[[Hasanpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Hasanpur]]
|Tula Ram Saini
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|38989
|Rahat Mahmood
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|24482
|14507
|-
|27
|Gangeshwari (SC)
|Preetam Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28979
|Jagram Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|27655
|1324
|-
|28
|[[Sambhal Assembly constituency|Sambhal]]
|[[Iqbal Mehmood]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|39091
|Vijay Tyagi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|35810
|3281
|-
|29
|Bahjoi
|Brijendra Pal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|25998
|Satendra Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|22844
|3154
|-
|30
|[[Chandausi Assembly constituency|Chandausi]] (SC)
|[[Gulabo Devi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|29285
|Yad Ram
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|23029
|6256
|-
|31
|[[Kundarki Assembly constituency|Kundarki]]
|Akbar Husain
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|41390
|Reena Kumari
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|34959
|6431
|-
|32
|Moradabad West
|J. P. Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|40218
|Samar Pal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|29752
|10466
|-
|33
|Moradabad
|Zahid Husain
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|48204
|Shakuntala
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28568
|19636
|-
|34
|[[Moradabad Rural Assembly constituency|Moradabad Rural]]
|Mohammad Rizwanulhaq
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|31787
|Shiv Kumar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26570
|5217
|-
|35
|[[Thakurdwara Assembly constituency|Thakurdwara]]
|[[Kunwar Sarvesh Kumar Singh|Kunwar Sarvesh Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|60276
|Mohammed Ulla Khan
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|26040
|34236
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Rampur district]]
|-
|36
|[[Suar Assembly constituency|Suar]]
|[[Shiv Bahadur Saxena]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44138
|Nisar Hussain
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|32609
|11529
|-
|37
|[[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Rampur]]
|[[Azam Khan (politician)|Azam Khan]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}
|27318
|Yogesh Chandra Arora
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|24684
|2634
|-
|38
|[[Bilaspur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Bilaspur]]
|Jwala Prasad
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|29074
|Gyani Harinder Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|24016
|5058
|-
|39
|[[Shahabad Assembly constituency|Shahabad]] (SC)
|Swami Parmanand Dandi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|33679
|Chandra Pal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26610
|7069
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Budaun district]]
|-
|40
|[[Bisauli Assembly constituency|Bisauli]]
|Krishna Vir Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|24812
|Yogendra Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|24503
|309
|-
|41
|[[Gunnaur Assembly constituency|Gunnaur]]
|[[Ramkhiladi Singh Yadav|Ramkhiladi Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|25344
|Premwati
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|17561
|7783
|-
|42
|[[Sahaswan Assembly constituency|Sahaswan]]
|[[Omkar Singh Yadav|Omkar Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|42416
|Meer Mazhar Ali
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|20307
|22109
|-
|43
|[[Bilsi Assembly constituency|Bilsi]] (SC)
|Bhola Shanker Maurya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|31546
|Hira Lal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31430
|116
|-
|44
|[[Badaun Assembly constituency|Badaun]]
|Krishan Swaroop
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|41123
|Khalid Parwez
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|32273
|8850
|-
|45
|Usehat
|Banwari Singh
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|24340
|Brij Pal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|24290
|50
|-
|46
|Binawar
|Ram Sewak
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|46381
|Abrar Ahmed
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|15885
|30496
|-
|47
|[[Dataganj Assembly constituency|Dataganj]]
|Avnish Kumar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|30084
|Santosh Kumari Pathak
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|23939
|6145
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Bareilly district]]
|-
|48
|[[Aonla Assembly constituency|Aonla]]
|Shyam Bihari Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26647
|Mahipal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|19687
|6960
|-
|49
|Sunha
|Rameshwar Nath Choubey
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26709
|Kunwar Sarvaraj Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|23974
|2735
|-
|50
|[[Faridpur Assembly constituency|Faridpur]] (SC)
|Nand Ram
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|30651
|Siya Ram Sagar
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|27038
|3613
|-
|51
|[[Bareilly Cantonment Assembly constituency|Bareilly Cantonment]]
|Islam Sabir
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|36703
|Radheshyam
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|33826
|2877
|-
|52
|[[Bareilly Assembly constituency|Bareilly City]]
|[[Dinesh Johri]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57358
|Jaswant Prasad
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|33406
|23952
|-
|53
|[[Nawabganj Assembly constituency|Nawabganj]]
|[[Bhagwat Saran Gangwar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|46745
|Digvijay Gangwar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|31293
|15452
|-
|54
|[[Bhojipura Assembly constituency|Bhojipura]]
|Kunwar Subhash Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37228
|Mohammed Farooq
|{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}
|28345
|8883
|-
|55
|Kawar
|Kunwar Surendra Pratap Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|33925
|Bhupendra Nath Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|14522
|19403
|-
|56
|[[Baheri Assembly constituency|Baheri]]
|Harish Chandra Gangwar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|51247
|Manzoor Ahmed
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|21179
|30068
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Pilibhit district]]
|-
|57
|[[Pilibhit Assembly constituency|Pilibhit]]
|Balkrishna Gupta
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47617
|Riaz Ahmed
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27639
|19978
|-
|58
|[[Barkhera Assembly constituency|Barkhera]] (SC)
|Kishan Lal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31143
|Ram Ashrey Lal
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|14227
|16916
|-
|59
|[[Bisalpur Assembly constituency|Bisalpur]]
|[[Agys Ramsaran Verma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|32478
|Tej Bahadur
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|19291
|13187
|-
|60
|[[Puranpur Assembly constituency|Puranpur]]
|Pramod Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26471
|Vinod Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|25849
|622
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Shahjahanpur district]]
|-
|61
|[[Powayan Assembly constituency|Powayan]] (SC)
|Net Ram
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28624
|[[Chetram]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|20575
|8049
|-
|62
|Nigohi
|Kobid Kumar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|33000
|Ahibran
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|23177
|9823
|-
|63
|[[Tilhar Assembly constituency|Tilhar]]
|[[Satyapal Singh Yadav|Satyapal Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|31818
|Surendra Vikram
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|20331
|11487
|-
|64
|[[Jalalabad (UP Assembly constituency)|Jalalabad]]
|Ram Murti Singh
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|26665
|Udaiveer Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26228
|237
|-
|65
|[[Dadraul Assembly constituency|Dadraul]]
|Devendra Pal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|32709
|Ram Avtar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|25189
|7520
|-
|66
|[[Shahjahanpur Assembly constituency|Shahjahanpur]]
|[[Suresh Kumar Khanna]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50579
|Mohaammed Iqbal
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|22342
|28237
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Lakhimpur Kheri district]]
|-
|67
|[[Mohammdi Assembly constituency|Mohammdi]] (SC)
|Banshi Dhar Raj
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|32005
|Chhotey Lal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|27283
|4722
|-
|68
|Haiderabad (SC)
|Ram Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|23318
|Balbir Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|18635
|4683
|-
|69
|[[Palia Assembly constituency|Palia]] (SC)
|Ram Saran
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|19477
|Bhagwan Din
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|17709
|1768
|-
|70
|[[Lakhimpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Lakhimpur]]
|Ram Gopal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37771
|Zafar Ali Naqvi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|31080
|6691
|-
|71
|[[Sri Nagar Assembly constituency|Sri Nagar]]
|Taj Narain Trivedi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|25858
|Dhirendra Bahadur Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}
|19709
|6149
|-
|72
|[[Nighasan Assembly constituency|Nighasan]]
|[[Nirvendra Kumar Mishra|Nirvendra Mishra]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|27704
|Ram Ashrey
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26221
|1483
|-
|73
|[[Dhaurahra Assembly constituency|Dhaurahra]]
|[[Awasthi Bala Prasad|Bala Prasad Awasthi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26478
|Jagannath Prasad
|style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|22862
|3616
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Sitapur district]]
|-
|74
|Behta
|Kishorei Lal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|22558
|Sipahi Lal Shukla
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|17381
|5177
|-
|75
|[[Biswan Assembly constituency|Biswan]]
|Padma Seth
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|25443
|Ram Singh Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|22973
|2470
|-
|76
|[[Mahmoodabad Assembly constituency|Mahmoodabad]]
|[[Narendra Singh Verma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|38319
|Ammar Rizvi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|34760
|3559
|-
|77
|[[Sidhauli Assembly constituency|Sidhauli]] (SC)
|Shyam Lal Rawat
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|27208
|Ram Karan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|23189
|4019
|-
|78
|[[Laharpur Assembly constituency|Laharpur]]
|Anil Kumar Verma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|33726
|Buniyad Hussain Ansari
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|26671
|7055
|-
|79
|[[Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Sitapur]]
|[[Rajendra Kumar Gupta]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31394
|Om Prakash Gupta
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|19067
|12327
|-
|80
|[[Hargaon Assembly constituency|Hargaon]] (SC)
|Daulat Ram
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|24843
|Paragi Lal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|23097
|1746
|-
|81
|[[Misrikh Assembly constituency|Misrikh]]
|Ram Ratan Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27346
|Anoop Kumar Gupta
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|21357
|5989
|-
|82
|Machhrehta (SC)
|Ram Krishan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|24406
|Baba Lal Das
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|19485
|4921
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Hardoi district]]
|-
|83
|Beniganj (SC)
|Ram Pal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|30446
|Buddha Lal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|29118
|1328
|-
|84
|[[Sandila Assembly constituency|Sandila]]
|Mahavir Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|29175
|Kusdhesiya Begum
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|25438
|3737
|-
|85
|Ahirori (SC)
|Parmai Lal
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|20565
|Ram Sewak
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|19950
|615
|-
|86
|[[Hardoi Assembly constituency|Hardoi]]
|[[Naresh Agarwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|30370
|Mahesh Nath Mahendra
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|29353
|1017
|-
|87
|Bawan (SC)
|Daya Ram Verma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|23759
|Chhote Lal
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|17979
|5780
|-
|88
|Pihani
|Khalid Gauri
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26644
|Ram Bali Mishra
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|18077
|8567
|-
|89
|[[Shahabad Assembly constituency|Shahabad]]
|[[Babu Khan]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|22894
|Ganga Singh Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|19446
|3448
|-
|90
|Bilgram
|[[Ganga Bhakt Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|22842
|Vishram Singh
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|21567
|1275
|-
|91
|Mallawan
|Ram Asray Verma
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|38672
|Dharam Mishra
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|20355
|18137
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Unnao district]]
|-
|92
|[[Bangarmau Assembly constituency|Bangarmau]]
|Gopi Nath Dixit
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27672
|Ashok Kumar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|24575
|3097
|-
|93
|[[Safipur Assembly constituency|Safipur]] (SC)
|Sunder Lal
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|21577
|Babu Lal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|20861
|716
|-
|94
|[[Unnao Assembly constituency|Unnao]]
|Shiv Pal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|33733
|Manohar Pal
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|27351
|6382
|-
|95
|Hadha
|Ganga Bux Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|25996
|Sunder Singh Lodhi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|22620
|3376
|-
|96
|[[Bhagwantnagar Assembly constituency|Bhagwantnagar]]
|Bhagwati Singh Visharad
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|23183
|Dewaki Nandan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|21420
|1763
|-
|97
|[[Purwa Assembly constituency|Purwa]]
|[[Hriday Narayan Dikshit]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|21513
|Bhagoley
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|20374
|1139
|-
|98
|Hasanganj (SC)
|Mast Ram
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|27048
|Ram Khelawan
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|14446
|12602
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Lucknow district]]
|-
|99
|[[Malihabad Assembly constituency|Malihabad]] (SC)
|Ashok Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|22442
|Sukh Lal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|18977
|3465
|-
|100
|Mohana
|Gomti Prasad
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|27162
|Chandra Shekhar Trivedi
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|18371
|8791
|-
|101
|[[Lucknow East Assembly constituency|Lucknow East]]
|[[Bhagwati Prasad Shukla]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|36605
|Swaroop Kumar Baxi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|12193
|24412
|-
|102
|[[Lucknow West Assembly constituency|Lucknow West]]
|Ram Kumar Shukla
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|41537
|Arun Shankar
|{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}
|26714
|14823
|-
|103
|[[Lucknow Central Assembly constituency|Lucknow Central]]
|Basant Lal Gupta
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43744
|Musheer Ahmed Lari
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|18644
|25100
|-
|104
|[[Lucknow Cantonment Assembly constituency|Lucknow Cantonment]]
|Satish Bhatia
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|32159
|Premwari Tiwari
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|15803
|16356
|-
|105
|[[Sarojini Nagar Assembly constituency|Sarojini Nagar]]
|Vijay Kumar Tripathi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|21687
|Shyam Kishore Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}
|19093
|2594
|-
|106
|[[Mohanlalganj Assembly constituency|Mohanlalganj]] (SC)
|Sant Bux Rawat
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|16000
|Mohan Lal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|12580
|3420
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Raebareli district]]
|-
|107
|[[Bachhrawan Assembly constituency|Bachhrawan]] (SC)
|Shiv Darshan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|21085
|Rajaram Tyagi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|20666
|419
|-
|108
|[[Tiloi Assembly constituency|Tiloi]]
|Hazi Mohammed Wasim
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|28598
|Ram Gopal Tripathi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26781
|1817
|-
|109
|[[Raebareli Assembly constituency|Raebareli]]
|[[Ashok Singh (politician, born 1955)|Ashok Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|34231
|Ram Naresh Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|24582
|9649
|-
|110
|[[Sataon Assembly constituency|Sataon]]
|Kamal Nayan Verma
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|21413
|Satya Prakash Pandey
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|18661
|2752
|-
|111
|[[Sareni Assembly constituency|Sareni]]
|Girish Narain Pandey
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|22795
|Indresh Vikram Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|22285
|510
|-
|112
|Dalmau
|Har Narain Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|23228
|Gajdhar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|19268
|3960
|-
|113
|[[Salon Assembly constituency|Salon]] (SC)
|Shiv Bala Pasi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|30004
|Dal Bahadur
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|19571
|10433
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh district]]
|-
|114
|[[Kunda Assembly constituency|Kunda]]
|Shiv Narain Mishra
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|21197
|Niaz Hasan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|19332
|1865
|-
|115
|Bihar (SC)
|Suresh Bharti
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|19236
|Suresh Chandra
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|17565
|1671
|-
|116
|[[Rampur Khas Assembly constituency|Rampur Khas]]
|[[Pramod Tiwari]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26905
|[[Raja Ram Pandey]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|18784
|8121
|-
|117
|[[Garwara Assembly constituency|Garwara]]
|Ramesh Bahadur Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|27253
|Brijnath Pal
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|19621
|7632
|-
|118
|[[Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Pratapgarh]]
|Brijesh Kumar Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26113
|Ajit Pratap Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|23097
|3016
|-
|119
|Birapur
|Shyad Ali
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|30388
|Laxminarayan Pandey
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|30016
|372
|-
|120
|[[Patti, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Patti]]
|Shiva Kant
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|27137
|Shakti Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|23802
|3335
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Sultanpur district]]
|-
|121
|[[Amethi Assembly constituency|Amethi]]
|Haricharan Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|33176
|Jamuna Prasad Mishra
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|17597
|15579
|-
|122
|[[Gauriganj Assembly constituency|Gauriganj]]
|Tej Bhan Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|24606
|Rajpati Devi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|24417
|189
|-
|123
|[[Jagdishpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Jagdishpur]] (SC)
|Ram Sewak
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|19874
|Jagroop Deshbandhu
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|17751
|2123
|-
|124
|[[Isauli Assembly constituency|Isauli]]
|Om Prakash Pandey
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|24203
|Indra Bhadra
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|18160
|6043
|-
|125
|[[Sultanpur Assembly constituency|Sultanpur]]
|Ram Piyare Shukla
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|32748
|Jafar
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|23275
|9473
|-
|126
|Jaisinghpur
|Arjun
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26777
|Suryabhan Singh
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|13945
|12832
|-
|127
|Chanda
|Arun Pratap Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|29435
|Subhash Chandra Tripathi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|11975
|17460
|-
|128
|[[Kadipur Assembly constituency|Kadipur]] (SC)
|Ram Chander
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31040
|Bhageloo Ram
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|19111
|11929
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Ayodhya district]]
|-
|129
|[[Katehari Assembly constituency|Katehari]]
|Anil Kumar Tewari
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28069
|Ram Deo Verma
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|20751
|7858
|-
|130
|[[Akbarpur Assembly constituency|Akbarpur]]
|[[Pawan Pandey]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|37616
|[[Ram Achal Rajbhar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|21719
|15897
|-
|131
|[[Jalalpur Assembly constituency|Jalalpur]]
|Ram Lakhan
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|27607
|Sher Bahadur
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|20784
|6823
|-
|132
|Jahangirganj (SC)
|Triveni
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|27375
|Sukhu Prasad
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|18676
|8699
|-
|133
|[[Tanda Assembly constituency|Tanda]]
|[[Lalji Verma]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|40614
|Sheo Pujan Verma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26983
|13631
|-
|134
|[[Ayodhya Assembly constituency|Ayodhya]]
|[[Lallu Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49206
|Jai Shankar Pandey
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|18806
|30400
|-
|135
|[[Bikapur Assembly constituency|Bikapur]]
|Sant Shri Ram Dwivedi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|23895
|Sitaram Nishad
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|20338
|3557
|-
|136
|[[Milkipur Assembly constituency|Milkipur]]
|Mathura Prasad Tewari
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|27594
|Kamalasan Pandey
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|27179
|415
|-
|137
|Sohawal (SC)
|Ramu Priyadarshi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31690
|Avdhesh Prasad
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|22047
|9643
|-
|138
|[[Rudauli Assembly constituency|Rudauli]]
|Ram Dev Acharya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|32222
|Ishtiyak
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|20423
|11799
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Barabanki district]]
|-
|139
|[[Dariyabad Assembly constituency|Dariyabad]] (SC)
|Radhey Shyam
|{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}
|30685
|Rajeev Kumar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27569
|3116
|-
|140
|Siddhaur
|Baij Nath Rawat
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28470
|Ratan Lal
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|19065
|9405
|-
|141
|[[Haidergarh Assembly constituency|Haidergarh]]
|Surendra Nath
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26247
|[[Sunder Lal Dixit]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|23925
|2322
|-
|142
|Masauli
|[[Beni Prasad Verma]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|35132
|Shyam Lal Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|24187
|10945
|-
|143
|Nawabganj
|Chotey Lal
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|22499
|Sunder Lal Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|19555
|2944
|-
|144
|Fatehpur (SC)
|Hardeo Singh
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|27043
|Muneshwar Kureel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|23557
|3486
|-
|145
|[[Ram Nagar, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Ramnagar]]
|[[Fareed Mahfooz Kidwai]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|23192
|Raj Laxmi Verma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|22401
|791
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Bahraich district]]
|-
|146
|[[Kaiserganj Assembly constituency|Kaiserganj]]
|Rudendar Vikram Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|38360
|Ram Tej Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|32864
|5496
|-
|147
|Fakharpur
|Maynkar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|48242
|Vasudev Singh
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|21650
|26592
|-
|148
|[[Mahasi Assembly constituency|Mahasi]]
|Neelam Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|34322
|Dilip Kumar Verma
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|17178
|17144
|-
|149
|[[Nanpara Assembly constituency|Nanpara]]
|Jai Shankar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|49446
|[[Fazlur Rehman Ansari]]
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|26208
|23238
|-
|150
|Charda (SC)
|[[Akshaibar Lal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|27257
|Sabbir Ahmed
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|25900
|1357
|-
|151
|[[Bhinga Assembly constituency|Bhinga]]
|Chander Mani Kant Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37488
|Khurshid Ahmed
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|16857
|20631
|-
|152
|[[Bahraich Assembly constituency|Bahraich]]
|Brij Raj Tripathi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28104
|Fasiur Rahman
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|26358
|1746
|-
|153
|Ikauna (SC)
|Vishun Dayal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|35106
|Ram Sagar Rao
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|11546
|23560
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh|Balrampur district]]
|-
|154
|[[Gainsari Assembly constituency|Gainsari]]
|Vindu Lal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|38041
|Sheo Pratap Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|18218
|19823
|-
|155
|[[Tulsipur Assembly constituency|Tulsipur]]
|Kamlesh Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37386
|Rizwan Zaheer Khan
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|32451
|4935
|-
|156
|[[Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Balrampur]]
|[[Hanumant Singh (politician)|Hanumant Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|51855
|Gajendra Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|12552
|39303
|-
|157
|[[Utraula Assembly constituency|Utraula]]
|Samiulla
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|48300
|Vishwanath Prasad
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45915
|2385
|-
|158
|Sadullah Nagar
|Ram Pratap Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|42279
|Mohammad Umar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27665
|14614
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Gonda district]]
|-
|159
|[[Mankapur Assembly constituency|Mankapur]] (SC)
|Chedi Lal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37876
|Ram Vishnu
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27894
|9982
|-
|160
|Mujehna
|Ghanshyam Shukla
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|42666
|Rampal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|22212
|20454
|-
|161
|[[Gonda Assembly constituency|Gonda]]
|Tulsi Das
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|41601
|Raghuraj Prasad Upadhyay
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|16215
|25386
|-
|162
|[[Katra Bazar Assembly constituency|Katra Bazar]]
|Ram Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57445
|Muralidhar Munim
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|15975
|41470
|-
|163
|[[Colonelganj Assembly constituency|Colonelganj]]
|Ajai Pratap Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55921
|Umeshwar Pratap Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|17056
|38865
|-
|164
|Dixir (SC)
|[[Ramapati Shastri]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|41943
|Baboo Lal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|23979
|17964
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Basti district]]
|-
|165
|[[Harraiya Assembly constituency|Harraiya]]
|Jagdamba Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|36594
|Anil
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|26097
|10497
|-
|166
|[[Kaptanganj Assembly constituency|Kaptanganj]]
|Krishan Kikar Singh
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|34474
|Ram Prasad Chaudhary
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|19170
|15304
|-
|167
|Nagar East (SC)
|Bed Prakash
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|25339
|Girdhari Lal
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|21221
|4118
|-
|168
|[[Basti Sadar Assembly constituency|Basti]]
|Lakshameshwar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|28385
|Vijaysen Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|25784
|2601
|-
|169
|Ramnagar
|Ram Lalit
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|27987
|Parmatma Prasad Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|21474
|6513
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Siddharthnagar district]]
|-
|170
|[[Domariyaganj Assembly constituency|Domariyaganj]]
|Prem Prakash
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37198
|Taufik Ahmed
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|35636
|1562
|-
|171
|[[Itwa Assembly constituency|Itwa]]
|[[Mohammed Muqueem]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40790
|Soyembar Chaudhari
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|38353
|2437
|-
|172
|[[Shohratgarh Assembly constituency|Shohratgarh]]
|Shiv Lal Mittal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37231
|Kamla Sahani
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26047
|11274
|-
|173
|Naugarh
|Dhanraj Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43392
|Ishwar Chandra
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|25326
|18066
|-
|174
|[[Bansi Assembly constituency|Bansi]]
|[[Jai Pratap Singh]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|28943
|Parmatma Prasad Pandey
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28574
|369
|-
|175
|Khesraha
|Diwaker Vikram Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|28968
|Chandra Shekhar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|24239
|4729
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Basti district]]
|-
|176
|[[Menhdawal Assembly constituency|Menhdawal]]
|Chandra Shekhar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|27746
|Mohammed Navi Khan
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|23013
|4733
|-
|177
|[[Khalilabad Assembly constituency|Khalilabad]]
|Ram Charitar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|25699
|Ram Lakhan
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|24879
|820
|-
|178
|Hainsarbazar (SC)
|[[Sriram Chauhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|25852
|Lal Mani Prasad
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|23872
|1980
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Gorakhpur district]]
|-
|179
|[[Bansgaon Assembly constituency|Bansgaon]] (SC)
|Yadhu Nath
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|24821
|Mukh Lal
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|18052
|6769
|-
|180
|Dhuriapar
|Markandey Chand
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|28624
|Shailendra Pratap Shahi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|25749
|2875
|-
|181
|[[Chillupar Assembly constituency|Chillupar]]
|[[Hari Shankar Tiwari]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|47530
|Shyam Lal Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|32303
|15227
|-
|182
|Kauriram
|Lal Chand Nishad
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|22632
|Gauri Devi
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|19057
|3575
|-
|183
|Mundera Bazar (SC)
|Sharda Devi
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|21489
|Bechan Ram
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|17308
|4181
|-
|184
|[[Pipraich Assembly constituency|Pipraich]]
|Lallan Prasad Tripathi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|35698
|Kedar Nath Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|21253
|14445
|-
|185
|[[Gorakhpur Urban Assembly constituency|Gorakhpur Urban]]
|[[Shiv Pratap Shukla]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|39897
|Jafar Amin
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|14462
|25435
|-
|186
|[[Maniram Assembly constituency|Maniram]]
|Om Prakash Paswan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|66870
|Shambhu Sharan
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|20737
|46133
|-
|187
|[[Sahajanwa Assembly constituency|Sahajanwa]]
|Tarkeshwar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26597
|Prabha Rawat
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|19662
|6935
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Maharajganj district]]
|-
|188
|[[Paniyara Assembly constituency|Paniyara]]
|[[Fateh Bahadur Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42907
|Parshuram
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|19452
|23455
|-
|189
|[[Pharenda Assembly constituency|Pharenda]]
|Shyam Narayan Tiwari
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26325
|Tulsi Ram Gaur
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|25017
|1308
|-
|190
|Laxmipur
|Akhilesh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}
|32204
|[[Amarmani Tripathi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|25636
|6568
|-
|191
|[[Siswa Assembly constituency|Siswa]]
|Shivender Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|38003
|Uday Bhan Mall
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28990
|9013
|-
|192
|[[Maharajganj, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Maharajganj]] (SC)
|Ram Pyare Azad
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|38529
|Sri Pati
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|25988
|12541
|-
|193
|Shyamdeurawa
|Gyanender
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37281
|Ram Adhar
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|37252
|29
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Deoria district]]
|-
|194
|Naurangia (SC)
|Deep Lal Bharti
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|34767
|Adya Prasad
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|16011
|18756
|-
|195
|[[Ramkola Assembly constituency|Ramkola]]
|Ambika Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|35908
|Virendra Bahadur Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|23850
|12058
|-
|196
|[[Hata Assembly constituency|Hata]] (SC)
|Ramapati Urf Ramakant
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|39003
|Ram Nakshatra
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|30946
|8057
|-
|197
|[[Padrauna Assembly constituency|Padrauna]]
|Surendra Shukla
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45675
|Asager
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|23495
|22180
|-
|198
|Seorahi
|Nand Kishor Mishra
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|20894
|Ram Adhar Kushwaha
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|16593
|4301
|-
|199
|[[Fazilnagar Assembly constituency|Fazilnagar]]
|Vishwa Nath
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|41948
|Ganga Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|36728
|5220
|-
|200
|Kasia
|[[Surya Pratap Shahi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45375
|Brahma Shankar
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|38634
|6741
|-
|201
|Gauri Bazar
|Sri Niwas
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26964
|Nand Kishore Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|23653
|3311
|-
|202
|[[Rudrapur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Rudrapur]]
|[[Jai Prakash Nishad (Rudrapur)|Jai Prakash Nishad]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|18539
|Ram Shankar Rajbhar
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|14365
|4174
|-
|203
|[[Deoria Assembly constituency|Deoria]]
|Ravindra Pratap Mall
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31097
|Subhash Chandra Srivastava
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|30303
|794
|-
|204
|[[Bhatpar Rani Assembly constituency|Bhatpar Rani]]
|Harivansh Sahai
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|36064
|Kameshwar Upadhyay
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|35743
|321
|-
|205
|[[Salempur Assembly constituency|Salempur]]
|Swaminath Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|26143
|Anirudh Mishra
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|21420
|4723
|-
|206
|[[Barhaj Assembly constituency|Barhaj]]
|Durga Prasad Mishra
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28577
|Ram Naresh Prasad
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|19124
|9453
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Mau district]]
|-
|207
|Nathupur
|Amaresh Chand
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|19159
|Rajendra
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|17258
|1901
|-
|208
|[[Ghosi, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Ghosi]]
|[[Phagu Chauhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|36380
|Subhash
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|21864
|14516
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Azamgarh district]]
|-
|209
|[[Sagri Assembly constituency|Sagri]]
|Barkhu Ram Verma
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|25676
|Panchanan Rai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|19891
|5785
|-
|210
|[[Gopalpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Gopalpur]]
|Dal Singar
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|26371
|Shamim
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|16572
|9799
|-
|211
|[[Azamgarh Assembly constituency|Azamgarh]]
|[[Durga Prasad Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|35652
|Hari Shanker
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|24391
|11261
|-
|212
|[[Nizamabad Assembly constituency|Nizamabad]]
|Angad Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|34770
|Masood
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|27030
|7740
|-
|213
|[[Atraulia Assembly constituency|Atrauliya]]
|[[Balram Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|35992
|Krishna Kant Chaturvedi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|19245
|16747
|-
|214
|[[Phoolpur Pawai Assembly constituency|Phoolpur]]
|[[Ramakant Yadav (politician)|Ramakant Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|27443
|Narendra Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|18613
|8830
|-
|215
|Saraimir (SC)
|Pati Raj
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|21826
|Jaganhu Ram
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|21799
|27
|-
|216
|[[Mehnagar Assembly constituency|Mehnagar]] (SC)
|[[Kalpnath Paswan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|23553
|Ram Jag
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPM]]
|20636
|2917
|-
|217
|[[Lalganj, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Lalganj]]
|[[Sukhdev Rajbhar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|25966
|Narender
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|25942
|24
|-
|218
|[[Mubarakpur Assembly constituency|Mubarakpur]]
|A. Salam
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|31874
|Harendra
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|22554
|9320
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Mau district]]
|-
|219
|[[Muhammadabad-Gohna Assembly constituency|Muhammadabad-Gohna]]
|[[Shriram Sonkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|24854
|Ramdeo
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|20402
|4452
|-
|220
|[[Mau Assembly constituency|Mau]]
|[[Imitiyaz Ahmad]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|27597
|Mukhtar Abbas
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|27464
|133
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Ballia district]]
|-
|221
|[[Rasara Assembly constituency|Rasara]] (SC)
|Ghurabu
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|20502
|Ram Bachan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|19910
|592
|-
|222
|Siar
|Hari Narain
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|24506
|Shardanand Anchal
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|23069
|1437
|-
|223
|Chilkahar
|[[Ram Govind Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|21370
|Chhotey Lal
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|17838
|3532
|-
|224
|[[Sikanderpur Assembly constituency|Sikanderpur]]
|Markandey
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|31286
|Raj Dhari
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|20586
|10700
|-
|225
|[[Bansdih Assembly constituency|Bansdih]]
|[[Bacha Pathak]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40856
|Vijaylaxmi
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|32668
|8188
|-
|226
|[[Doaba Assembly constituency|Doaba]]
|Bharat
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|36146
|Vikram
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|24345
|11801
|-
|227
|[[Ballia Nagar Assembly constituency|Ballia]]
|Vikramaditya Pandey
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|28615
|Kashi Nath
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26607
|2008
|-
|228
|Kopachit
|Sudhir
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|25662
|Gauri Shankar Bhaiya
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|25012
|650
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Ghazipur district]]
|-
|229
|[[Zahoorabad Assembly constituency|Zahoorabad]]
|Surendra Singh
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Dal}}
|20181
|Ganesh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|19571
|610
|-
|230
|[[Mohammadabad Assembly constituency|Mohammadabad]]
|[[Afzal Ansari]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|53447
|Vijayshankar Rai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44184
|9263
|-
|231
|Dildarnagar
|Om Prakash
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|45724
|Sacchidanand
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|44069
|1655
|-
|232
|[[Zamania Assembly constituency|Zamania]]
|Sharda Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|24402
|Ravindra Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|22045
|2357
|-
|233
|[[Ghazipur Sadar Assembly constituency|Ghazipur]]
|Udai Pratap
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26280
|Hasan Mohammed Khan Warsi
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|23808
|2472
|-
|234
|[[Jakhanian Assembly constituency|Jakhanian]] (SC)
|Girdhari
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|17876
|Ram Dular
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|15752
|2124
|-
|235
|Sadat (SC)
|Gama Ram Shashtri
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|23949
|Deep Chand
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|16824
|7125
|-
|236
|[[Saidpur Assembly constituency|Saidpur]]
|[[Mahendra Nath Pandey]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|27102
|Ranjit
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|21072
|6030
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Varanasi district]]
|-
|237
|Dhanapur
|[[Kailash Nath Singh Yadav|Kailash Nath Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|24795
|Surender Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|21272
|3523
|-
|238
|Chandauli (SC)
|Shiv Pujan Ram
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26604
|Deenanath Bhaskar
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|26366
|238
|-
|239
|[[Chakia Assembly constituency|Chakia]] (SC)
|Rajesh Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|24044
|Ram Krit
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|14249
|9795
|-
|240
|[[Mughalsarai Assembly constituency|Mughalsarai]]
|Chabbu
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|25224
|Ram Kishan
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|18834
|6390
|-
|241
|[[Varanasi Cantonment Assembly constituency|Varanasi Cantonment]]
|[[Jyotsana Srivastava]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31305
|Athat Jamal Lari
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|26209
|5096
|-
|242
|[[Varanasi South Assembly constituency|Varanasi South]]
|[[Shyamdev Roy Chaudhari]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57829
|Vijay Dubey
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|13662
|44167
|-
|243
|[[Varanasi North Assembly constituency|Varanasi North]]
|Amar Nath Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|48985
|Mohd Swaleh Ansari
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|35411
|13574
|-
|244
|Chiraigaon
|Maya Shankar Pathak
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|29469
|Chandra Shekhar
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|27426
|2043
|-
|245
|[[Kolasla Assembly constituency|Kolasla]]
|[[Udal (politician)|Udal]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|33509
|Purnmasi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|18907
|14602
|-
|246
|Gangapur
|[[Deena Nath Singh Yadav|Deena Nath Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|41899
|Dan Bahadur Singh
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|19112
|22787
|-
|247
|[[Aurai, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Aurai]]
|Yogesh Chander
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|33339
|Rangnath
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31771
|1768
|-
|248
|[[Gyanpur Assembly constituency|Gyanpur]]
|Lal Chand Pande
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|39272
|Ram Prasad Bind
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|25675
|13597
|-
|249
|[[Bhadohi Assembly constituency|Bhadohi]] (SC)
|Purnmasi Pankaj
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|29016
|Moolchand
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|26910
|2106
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Jaunpur district]]
|-
|250
|Barsathi
|Raghu Raj
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|23504
|Sarvjeet Patel
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|19899
|3605
|-
|251
|[[Mariyahu Assembly constituency|Mariyahu]]
|Kishori Lal
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|28566
|Jagannath Rao
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|17565
|11001
|-
|252
|[[Kerakat Assembly constituency|Kerakat]] (SC)
|Somaroo Ram
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|23176
|Shyamlal
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|20919
|2257
|-
|253
|Bayalsi
|[[Umanath Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|22818
|Bilku
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|15702
|7116
|-
|254
|[[Jaunpur Assembly constituency|Jaunpur]]
|Lal Chand
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|23849
|Sohan Lal Maurya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|23346
|503
|-
|255
|Rari
|Mirza Sultan Raza
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|28659
|Arun Kumar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|19851
|8808
|-
|256
|[[Shahganj Assembly constituency|Shahganj]] (SC)
|Ram Paras Rajak
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|27862
|Ram Dawar
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|16764
|11098
|-
|257
|Khutahan
|[[Umakant Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|40797
|Ram Akbal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|19191
|21606
|-
|258
|Garwara
|Ran Narain Bind
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|21859
|Vidya Shankar Tiwari
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|17609
|4250
|-
|259
|[[Machhlishahr Assembly constituency|Machhlishahr]]
|Jwala Prasad Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|25535
|Bindra Prasad
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|22197
|3338
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Sonbhadra district]]
|-
|260
|[[Duddhi Assembly constituency|Duddhi]] (SC)
|Vijai Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|27641
|Chatur Behari
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|17764
|9877
|-
|261
|[[Robertsganj Assembly constituency|Robertsganj]] (SC)
|Teerath Raj
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|25699
|Satya Narain
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|8761
|16938
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Mirzapur district]]
|-
|262
|Rajgarh
|Rajendra
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|24220
|Gulab Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|23280
|940
|-
|263
|[[Chunar Assembly constituency|Chunar]]
|Yadunath Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|31929
|Ram Bulawan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|23443
|8486
|-
|264
|[[Majhawan Assembly constituency|Majhawan]]
|Bhagawat
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|20979
|Bhola Nath
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|19127
|1852
|-
|265
|[[Mirzapur Assembly constituency|Mirzapur]]
|[[Sarjeet Singh Dang]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|33669
|Shiv Bahadur
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|20103
|13566
|-
|266
|[[Chhanbey Assembly constituency|Chhanbey]] (SC)
|Dulare Lal
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|31140
|Shri Ram
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|15359
|15781
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Prayagraj district]]
|-
|267
|[[Meja Assembly constituency|Meja]] (SC)
|Vishram Das
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|41466
|Ram Naresh Kashyap
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|15217
|26249
|-
|268
|[[Karachhana Assembly constituency|Karachhana]]
|[[Rewati Raman Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|35174
|Nandlal Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|17864
|17310
|-
|269
|[[Bara Assembly constituency|Bara]]
|Ram Sewak Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|25885
|Krishna Murari Kapuriha
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|19330
|6555
|-
|270
|Jhunsi
|Mahendra Pratap Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|24932
|Jawahar Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}
|23191
|1741
|-
|271
|[[Handia Assembly constituency|Handia]]
|Brij Bhan Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|38532
|Shitla Prasad Bind
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|22302
|16230
|-
|272
|[[Pratappur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Pratappur]]
|Vikram Jeet Maurya
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|31167
|Jawahar Lal Diwakar
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|19293
|11874
|-
|273
|[[Soraon Assembly constituency|Soraon]]
|Bhola Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|25550
|Hiramani Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|18837
|6713
|-
|274
|Nawabganj
|Prabha Shanker Pandey
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|21846
|Abdul Rauf
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|19469
|2377
|-
|275
|[[Prayagraj North Assembly constituency|Prayagraj North]]
|[[Narendra Kumar Singh Gaur]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26112
|Anugrah Narain Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|17439
|8673
|-
|276
|[[Prayagraj South Assembly constituency|Prayagraj South]]
|[[Keshari Nath Tripathi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|30417
|Ramji Kesharwani
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|12784
|17633
|-
|277
|[[Prayagraj West Assembly constituency|Prayagraj West]]
|[[Atiq Ahmed]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|36424
|Ram Chandra Jaiswal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|20681
|15743
|-
|278
|[[Chail Assembly constituency|Chail]] (SC)
|Dinesh Chandra Sonkar
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|19243
|Shivdani
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|17403
|1840
|-
|279
|[[Manjhanpur Assembly constituency|Manjhanpur]] (SC)
|Bhagwant Prasad
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|21671
|Chunnilal Chaudhari
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|18361
|3310
|-
|280
|[[Sirathu Assembly constituency|Sirathu]] (SC)
|Bhagirathi
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|20792
|Desh Raj
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|16637
|4155
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Fatehpur district]]
|-
|281
|[[Khaga Assembly constituency|Khaga]]
|Krishna Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|24383
|Veer Abhimanyu Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}
|19518
|4865
|-
|282
|Kishunpur (SC)
|Jageshwar
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|32966
|Udai Raj
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|11509
|21457
|-
|283
|Haswa
|Om Prakash
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|43133
|Amarnath Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|7861
|35272
|-
|284
|[[Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Fatehpur]]
|[[Syed Qasim Hasan]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|43210
|[[Radhe Shyam Gupta]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|18429
|24781
|-
|285
|[[Jahanabad, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Jahanabad]]
|Chattra Pal Verma
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|38224
|Shreedhar Shukla
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|15436
|22788
|-
|286
|[[Bindki Assembly constituency|Bindki]]
|Abhimanyu Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|34727
|Amarjeet Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|17911
|16816
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Kanpur Nagar district]]
|-
|287
|[[Arya Nagar Assembly constituency|Arya Nagar]]
|[[Satyadev Pachauri]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|29964
|Mohammed Suleman
|{{Party name with color|All-India Muslim League}}
|19859
|10105
|-
|288
|[[Sishamau Assembly constituency|Sishamau]] (SC)
|Rakesh Sonker
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|36576
|Deen Dayal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|14820
|21756
|-
|289
|[[Generalganj Assembly constituency|Generalganj]]
|[[Neeraj Chaturvedi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28816
|Sitaram Dixit
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|13958
|24858
|-
|290
|[[Kanpur Cantonment Assembly constituency|Kanpur Cantonment]]
|[[Satish Mahana]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|33897
|Shyam Mishra
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|17927
|15970
|-
|291
|[[Govind Nagar Assembly constituency|Govindnagar]]
|[[Bal Chandra Misra]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|56519
|[[Ajay Kapoor (politician)|Ajay Kapoor]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|32207
|24312
|-
|292
|[[Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Kalyanpur]]
|[[Prem Lata Katiyar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45958
|Ragendra Swaroop
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|21206
|24752
|-
|293
|Sarsaul
|Jagram Singh Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|21704
|Jauhrilal Trivedi
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|20373
|1331
|-
|294
|[[Ghatampur Assembly constituency|Ghatampur]]
|[[Shivnath Singh Kushwaha]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|23813
|[[Rakesh Sachan]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|18176
|5637
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Kanpur Dehat district]]
|-
|295
|[[Bhognipur Assembly constituency|Bhognipur]] (SC)
|[[Pyare Lal Sankhwar]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|23005
|Satya Prakash Sankhwar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|23005
|22162
|-
|296
|Rajpur
|[[Ramswaroop Verma]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Shoshit Samaj Dal}}" |
|SSD{{Efn|Shoshit Samaj Dal|name=@}}
|27223
|Chaudhary Narendra Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|14363
|12860
|-
|297
|Sarvankhera
|[[Mathura Prasad Pal]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|24852
|Prabhu Dayal Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}
|23561
|1291
|-
|298
|[[Chaubepur Assembly constituency|Chaubepur]]
|Som Nath Shukla
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26445
|Harikishan
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|24442
|2003
|-
|299
|[[Bilhaur Assembly constituency|Bilhaur]] (SC)
|[[Shiv Kumar Beria]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|20848
|Saunram Bhartiya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|18460
|2388
|-
|300
|Derapur
|[[Devendra Singh (politician)|Devendra Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|36188
|Ramdas Pal
|{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}
|22419
|13769
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Etawah district]]
|-
|301
|[[Auraiya Assembly constituency|Auraiya]]
|Indra Pal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|27040
|Ashok Kumar Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|24164
|2876
|-
|302
|Ajitmal (SC)
|Chhakki Lal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|21293
|Gauri Shankar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|18852
|2441
|-
|303
|Lakhna (SC)
|Krishna Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31770
|Gaya Prasad Verma
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|28905
|2865
|-
|304
|[[Etawah Assembly constituency|Etawah]]
|Ashok Dubey
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|40851
|[[Jaiveer Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|25256
|15595
|-
|305
|[[Jaswantnagar Assembly constituency|Jaswantnagar]]
|[[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|47765
|Darshan Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|30601
|17164
|-
|306
|[[Bharthana Assembly constituency|Bharthana]]
|Maharaj Singh Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|59582
|Shiv Prem Chandra Shakya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|17935
|41647
|-
|307
|[[Bidhuna Assembly constituency|Bidhuna]]
|[[Dhaniram Verma]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|31017
|Osan Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|24545
|6472
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Farrukhabad district]]
|-
|308
|[[Kannauj Assembly constituency|Kannauj]] (SC)
|Banwarilal Dohre
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|23169
|Kalyan Dohre
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|23122
|47
|-
|309
|Umarda
|Arvind Partap Singh
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|31940
|Deveshwar Narayan Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|28496
|3444
|-
|310
|[[Chhibramau Assembly constituency|Chhibramau]]
|Kaptan Singh
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|33887
|Ram Prakash Tripathi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31088
|2799
|-
|311
|Kamalganj
|Urmila Rajput
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|40686
|Zamauddin
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|27757
|12929
|-
|312
|[[Farrukhabad Assembly constituency|Farrukhabad]]
|[[Brahm Dutt Dwivedi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26550
|Vimal Prasad Tiwari
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|18065
|8485
|-
|313
|[[Kaimganj Assembly constituency|Kaimganj]]
|Ijhar Alam Khan
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|21753
|Faqire Lal
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|17695
|4058
|-
|314
|Mohammdabad
|Narender Singh Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|59805
|Updesh Singh
|style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|16464
|43341
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Banda district, India|Banda district]]
|-
|315
|[[Manikpur Assembly constituency|Manikpur]] (SC)
|Mannu Lal Kuril
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|22774
|Rameshwar Prasad
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|17500
|5274
|-
|316
|Karwi
|Ram Prasad Singh
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|20488
|Hiralal Pandey
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|16628
|3860
|-
|317
|[[Baberu Assembly constituency|Baberu]]
|[[Gaya Charan Dinkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|22295
|Ayodhya Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|12917
|9378
|-
|318
|[[Tindwari Assembly constituency|Tindwari]]
|[[Vishambhar Prasad Nishad]]
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|17527
|Chandrabhan Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|15790
|1737
|-
|319
|[[Banda, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Banda]]
|[[Nasimuddin Siddiqui]]
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|23989
|Ram Ratan Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|21015
|2974
|-
|320
|[[Naraini Assembly constituency|Naraini]]
|Ramesh Chandra Dwivedi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|24195
|Surendra Pal
|{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}
|20144
|4051
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Hamirpur district, Uttar Pradesh|Hamirpur district]]
|-
|321
|[[Hamirpur (Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency)|Hamirpur]]
|Shiv Charan Prajapati
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|25602
|[[Ashok Kumar Singh Chandel|Ashok Singh Chandel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|19126
|6476
|-
|322
|Maudaha
|Badshah Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26138
|Basiruddin
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|18895
|7243
|-
|323
|[[Rath Assembly constituency|Rath]]
|Ram Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|20519
|Ramadhar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|20302
|289
|-
|324
|[[Charkhari Assembly constituency|Charkhari]]
|Mihi Lal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|20716
|Chhote Lal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|18955
|1761
|-
|325
|[[Mahoba Assembly constituency|Mahoba]]
|Chhote Lal Mishra
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|19520
|Arimardan Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|19363
|157
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Lalitpur district, India|Lalitpur district]]
|-
|326
|[[Mehroni Assembly constituency|Mehroni]]
|[[Puran Singh Bundela]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|45408
|Devendra Kumar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37819
|7589
|-
|327
|[[Lalitpur Assembly constituency|Lalitpur]]
|Arvind Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28234
|Tilak Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|17868
|10366
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Jhansi district]]
|-
|328
|[[Jhansi Nagar Assembly constituency|Jhansi Nagar]]
|Ravindra Shukla
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43937
|Mukhtar Ahmed
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|18021
|25916
|-
|329
|[[Babina Assembly constituency|Babina]] (SC)
|Ratan Lal Ahirwar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|27470
|Beni Bai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26144
|1326
|-
|330
|[[Mauranipur Assembly constituency|Mauranipur]]
|Pragi Lal Ahirwar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|32058
|Biharilal Arya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|31962
|96
|-
|331
|[[Garautha Assembly constituency|Garautha]]
|[[Ranjeet Singh Judeo]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|33419
|Virendra Singh Niranjan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28661
|4758
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Jalaun district]]
|-
|332
|Konch (SC)
|[[Bhanu Pratap Singh Verma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28841
|Daya Shankar
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|16757
|12084
|-
|333
|[[Orai Assembly constituency|Orai]]
|Babu Ram Mcom
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|34966
|Akbar Ali
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|19193
|15773
|-
|334
|[[Kalpi Assembly constituency|Kalpi]]
|Sriram Pal
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|25652
|Chaudhari Shankar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}
|19570
|6083
|-
|335
|[[Madhogarh Assembly constituency|Madhogarh]]
|Keshav Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31648
|Shiv Ram
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|29514
|2134
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Mainpuri district]]
|-
|336
|[[Bhongaon Assembly constituency|Bhongaon]]
|[[Ram Autar Shakya]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|32385
|Shivraj Singh Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31135
|1250
|-
|337
|[[Kishni Assembly constituency|Kishni]] (SC)
|Rameshwar Dayal Balmiki
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|34602
|Savitri
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|21568
|13034
|-
|338
|[[Karhal Assembly constituency|Karhal]]
|Babu Ram Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|41895
|Sunder Singh Baghel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|28524
|13371
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Firozabad district]]
|-
|339
|[[Shikohabad Assembly constituency|Shikohabad]]
|Jhaulal Yadav
|style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|20901
|Rajesh Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|18656
|2245
|-
|340
|[[Jasrana Assembly constituency|Jasrana]]
|Jaidan Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|30812
|Balvir Singh
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|19816
|10996
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Mainpuri district]]
|-
|341
|Ghiror
|Gandhrav Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26609
|Urmila Devi
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|26075
|534
|-
|342
|[[Mainpuri Assembly constituency|Mainpuri]]
|Narender Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|34014
|Kalicharan Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|25479
|8535
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Etah district]]
|-
|343
|[[Aliganj Assembly constituency|Aliganj]]
|Avadh Pal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|32038
|Genda Lal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|22411
|9627
|-
|344
|[[Patiyali Assembly constituency|Patiyali]]
|Rajender Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|32524
|Devender Singh Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27502
|5022
|-
|345
|Sakeet
|[[Suraj Singh Shakya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31052
|Virender Singh Solanki
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|26928
|4124
|-
|346
|Soron
|Onkar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26809
|Vikram Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|16113
|10696
|-
|347
|[[Kasganj Assembly constituency|Kasganj]]
|Net Ram Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|32963
|Umesh Chander
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|17217
|15746
|-
|348
|[[Etah Assembly constituency|Etah]]
|Pitam Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|38227
|Attar Singh Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|27367
|10860
|-
|349
|Nidhauli Kalan
|Sudhaker Verma
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28930
|Anil Kumar Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|19195
|9735
|-
|350
|[[Jalesar Assembly constituency|Jalesar]] (SC)
|Madhav
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|25368
|Ram Khiladi
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|17736
|7632
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Firozabad district]]
|-
|351
|[[Firozabad Assembly constituency|Firozabad]]
|Ram Kishan Dadaju
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43138
|Raghbar Dayal Verma
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|31523
|11615
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Agra district]]
|-
|352
|[[Bah Assembly constituency|Bah]]
|[[Raja Mahendra Aridaman Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|30408
|Amar Chand
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|23215
|7193
|-
|353
|[[Fatehabad, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Fatehabad]]
|Vijay Pal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|24059
|Bijendra Singh Bhati
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|13969
|10090
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Firozabad district]]
|-
|354
|[[Tundla Assembly constituency|Tundla]] (SC)
|Om Prakash Diwakar
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|20614
|Ramesh Chandra Chanchal
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|17208
|3406
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Agra district]]
|-
|355
|[[Etmadpur Assembly constituency|Etmadpur]] (SC)
|Chandra Bhan Maurya
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|24940
|Ghanshyam Premi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|20518
|4422
|-
|356
|Dayalbagh
|Vijay Singh Rana
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|26834
|[[Chaudhary Udaybhan Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|21261
|5573
|-
|357
|[[Agra Cantonment Assembly constituency|Agra Cantonment]]
|[[Hardwar Dubey]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|39436
|Shiv Charan Lal Manav
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|25538
|13898
|-
|358
|[[Agra East Assembly constituency|Agra East]]
|[[Satya Prakash Vikal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|46337
|Omprakash Jindal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|21787
|24550
|-
|359
|[[Agra West Assembly constituency|Agra West]] (SC)
|Kishan Gopal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37924
|Suresh Chand Soni
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|17810
|20114
|-
|360
|[[Kheragarh Assembly constituency|Kheragarh]]
|Babu Lal Goyal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|35756
|Mandaleshwar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|34783
|973
|-
|361
|[[Fatehpur Sikri Assembly constituency|Fatehpur Sikri]]
|Ummed Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|29106
|Badan Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|25107
|3999
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Mathura district]]
|-
|362
|[[Goverdhan Assembly constituency|Goverdhan]] (SC)
|[[Pooran Prakash]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|31358
|Ajay Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|29527
|1831
|-
|363
|[[Mathura Assembly constituency|Mathura]]
|[[Ravi Kant Garg]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45753
|[[Pradeep Mathur]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|23546
|22207
|-
|364
|[[Chhata Assembly constituency|Chhata]]
|Kishori Shyam
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|32782
|Tejpal Singh
|style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|29715
|3067
|-
|365
|[[Mant Assembly constituency|Mant]]
|[[Shyam Sunder Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|31342
|Kushal Pal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|28044
|3298
|-
|366
|Gokul
|Navav Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|26464
|Pranat Pal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|25032
|1432
|-
|367
|[[Sadabad Assembly constituency|Sadabad]]
|Vijendra Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|33122
|Mustemand Ali Khan
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|28107
|5015
|-
|368
|[[Hathras Assembly constituency|Hathras]]
|Ram Saran Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|38190
|Satya Pal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|30873
|7317
|-
|369
|Sasni (SC)
|Hari Shanker Madhre
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|34956
|Ramesh Karan
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|17000
|17956
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Aligarh district]]
|-
|370
|[[Sikandra Rao Assembly constituency|Sikandra Rao]]
|Suresh Pratap Gandhi
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|24840
|Nekram Sharma
|{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}
|21458
|3382
|-
|371
|Gangiri
|Ram Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|30319
|Veeresh Yadav
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|24419
|5900
|-
|372
|[[Atrauli Assembly constituency|Atrauli]]
|[[Kalyan Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|58640
|Anwar Khan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|31263
|27377
|-
|373
|[[Aligarh Assembly constituency|Aligarh]]
|Krishna Kumar Navman
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52670
|Mohammad Sufiyan
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|47249
|5421
|-
|374
|[[Koil Assembly constituency|Koil]] (SC)
|[[Kishan Lal Diler]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52800
|Phool Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|22992
|29808
|-
|375
|[[Iglas Assembly constituency|Iglas]]
|Gyanwati Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|27315
|Vikram Singh Hindol
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|24899
|2416
|-
|376
|[[Barauli, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Barauli]]
|Dalvir Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|39523
|Yashpal Singh Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|23139
|16384
|-
|377
|[[Khair Assembly constituency|Khair]]
|Chaudhary Mahendra Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|33736
|Jagvir Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|28344
|5392
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Bulandshahr district]]
|-
|378
|[[Jewar Assembly constituency|Jewar]] (SC)
|Ho Ram
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|26255
|Trilok Chand
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|13450
|12805
|-
|379
|Khurja
|Har Pal
|style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|34549
|Allaudin
|{{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|20197
|14352
|-
|380
|[[Debai Assembly constituency|Debai]]
|Ram Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|39245
|Khajan Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|17980
|21265
|-
|381
|[[Anupshahr Assembly constituency|Anupshahr]]
|Naval Kishor
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|39988
|Satish
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|24005
|15983
|-
|382
|[[Syana Assembly constituency|Syana]]
|Basudev Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|42485
|Rakesh Tyagi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|19141
|23344
|-
|383
|Agota
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|384
|[[Bulandshahr Assembly constituency|Bulandshahr]]
|[[D. P. Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}
|45765
|Sukh Pal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|34639
|11126
|-
|385
|[[Shikarpur Assembly constituency|Shikarpur]] (SC)
|Ram Prasad
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|32517
|Raj Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|13868
|18649
|-
|386
|[[Sikandrabad Assembly constituency|Sikandrabad]]
|[[Narendra Bhati]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|43835
|Rajendra Solanki
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|28383
|15452
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Ghaziabad district]]
|-
|387
|[[Dadri, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Dadri]]
|[[Mahendra Singh Bhati]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|62552
|Bihari Singh
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|19521
|43031
|-
|388
|[[Ghaziabad Assembly constituency|Ghaziabad]]
|Baleshwar Tyagi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|54714
|Anup Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|32887
|21827
|-
|389
|[[Muradnagar Assembly constituency|Muradnagar]]
|Raj Pal Tyagi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|41513
|Keshav Tyagi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|20983
|20530
|-
|390
|[[Modinagar Assembly constituency|Modinagar]]
|Sukhveer Singh Gahlot
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|46343
|Ram Asrey
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|46172
|171
|-
|391
|[[Hapur Assembly constituency|Hapur]] (SC)
|Vijendra Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|38116
|Gajraj Singh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|34079
|4037
|-
|392
|[[Garhmukteshwar Assembly constituency|Garhmukteshwar]]
|Krishna Vir Singh Sirohi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|24130
|Akhtar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|22030
|2100
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Meerut district]]
|-
|393
|[[Kithore Assembly constituency|Kithore]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|394
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|395
|[[Sardhana Assembly constituency|Sardhana]]
|[[Vijaypal Singh Tomar]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|36418
|Surendra Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Party}}
|27232
|9186
|-
|396
|[[Meerut Cantonment Assembly constituency|Meerut Cantonment]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|397
|[[Meerut Assembly constituency|Meerut]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|398
|Kharkauda
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|399
|[[Siwalkhas Assembly constituency|Siwalkhas]] (SC)
|Charan Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|58977
|Bhagmul Singh Premi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|22197
|36780
|-
|400
|Khekra
|[[Madan Bhaiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party}}
|49113
|Balraj Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|21704
|27409
|-
|401
|[[Bagpat Assembly constituency|Baghpat]]
|Mahendra Jan
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|34643
|Ram Pal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|17355
|17288
|-
|402
|Barnawa
|Katar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|48166
|Tripal Singh Dhama
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|16767
|31399
|-
|403
|[[Chhaprauli Assembly constituency|Chhaprauli]]
|[[Chaudhary Ajit Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|74212
|Brij Pal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|11417
|62795
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Muzaffarnagar district]]
|-
|404
|Kandhla
|Virender Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|67387
|Maharaj Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|36610
|30777
|-
|405
|[[Khatauli Assembly constituency|Khatauli]]
|[[Sudhir Kumar Baliyan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|53773
|Birham Singh Baliyan
|style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|32252
|21521
|-
|406
|Jansath (SC)
|Suresh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|41137
|Kabool Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|36128
|5009
|-
|407
|Morna
|Ram Pal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|36207
|Mehandi Asgar
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|25122
|11085
|-
|408
|[[Muzaffarnagar Assembly constituency|Muzaffarnagar]]
|Suresh Sangal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67997
|Virender
|style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|35830
|32167
|-
|409
|[[Charthawal Assembly constituency|Charthawal]] (SC)
|G. S. Vinod
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|39666
|Sher Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37016
|2650
|-
|410
|[[Baghra Assembly constituency|Baghra]]
|[[Harendra Singh Malik]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|51980
|[[Pradeep Baliyan|Pradeep Balyan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|21295
|30685
|-
|411
|[[Kairana Assembly constituency|Kairana]]
|[[Chaudhary Munawwar Hasan|Munawwar Hasan]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|48224
|[[Hukum Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|31660
|16564
|-
|412
|[[Thana Bhawan Assembly constituency|Thana Bhawan]]
|Somansh Prakash
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|41007
|Jagat Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|33069
|7938
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Saharanpur district]]
|-
|413
|[[Nakur Assembly constituency|Nakur]]
|Kunwar Pal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|47957
|Sadhu Ram
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|41137
|6820
|-
|414
|[[Sarsawa Assembly constituency|Sarsawa]]
|Mohd. Hasan
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|35618
|Suresh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31051
|4567
|-
|415
|Nagal (SC)
|Mam Chand
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37624
|Ramesh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|34106
|3518
|-
|416
|[[Deoband Assembly constituency|Deoband]]
|Virender Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|46284
|Shashi Bala Pundir
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|41112
|5172
|-
|417
|[[Harora Assembly constituency|Harora]] (SC)
|Vimla Rakesh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|48644
|Mohar Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|31825
|16819
|-
|418
|[[Saharanpur Assembly constituency|Saharanpur]]
|Lal Krishan Gandhi
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|73864
|Vijay Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|55098
|18766
|-
|419
|[[Muzaffarabad Assembly constituency|Muzaffarabad]]
|Jagdish Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|47456
|Chander Pal Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45175
|2281
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Haridwar district]]
|-
|420
|[[Roorkee Assembly constituency|Roorkee]]
|Prithvi Singh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|43247
|Mansur
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|40794
|2453
|-
|421
|[[Laksar Assembly constituency|Laksar]]
|Tejpal Singh Panwar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|36700
|Kulbir Singh
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|35389
|1311
|-
|422
|[[Haridwar Assembly constituency|Haridwar]]
|Jagdish Muni
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|48728
|Ambrish Kumar
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|38994
|9734
|-
! colspan="11" |[[Dehradun district]]
|-
|423
|[[Mussoorie Assembly constituency|Mussoorie]]
|[[Rajendra Singh (politician)|Rajendra Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37353
|Kishori Lal Saklnai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|27149
|10204
|-
|424
|[[Dehradun Assembly constituency|Dehradun]]
|[[Harbans Kapoor]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50419
|Vinod
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|29152
|21267
|-
|425
|[[Chakrata Assembly constituency|Chakrata]] (ST)
|[[Munna Singh Chauhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|35575
|[[Pritam Singh (Uttarakhand politician)|Pritam Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|29270
|6305
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

*https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1991-election-results.html
*https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3257-uttar-pradesh-1991/

{{Uttar Pradesh elections}}

[[Category:State Assembly elections in Uttar Pradesh|1991]]
[[Category:1991 State Assembly elections in India|Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1990s in Uttar Pradesh]]

Masula boat

2026-01-25T04:12:40Z

RaymondLoewentha: quick enhance intro based on references and corrected details

{{Short description|Indian boat}}
'''Masula boat''', also known as masulah boat, is a kind of non-rigid [[boat]] built without knees used on the coast of [[Madras]] (the present day city of [[Chennai]]), [[India]], along with [[catamarans]].

==Description==
Locally known as ''padagu'' or ''salangu'' among the fisher folks, the masula boat is a large, flat-bottomed, high-sided, open boat with a clumsy design consisting of [[mango]] wood planks sewed together with strands of [[coir]] which cross over a wadding of the same material, but without frames or ribs, so that the shock due to [[Breaking wave|surf]] is much reduced. It is specially designed for use where there are no harbours of refuge, chiefly upon the surf-beaten [[Coromandel Coast]] of India. It is used in shooting shore [[seines]] and also as a cargo lighter. Its range extends along the whole of the eastern coast of India northwards of [[Cape Calimere]]. The equivalent type of boats used on the west coast are the beach lighters.<ref>{{cite conference
| first = James
| last = Hornell
| title = The Origins and Ethnological Significance of Indian Boat Designs
| pages = 22
| publisher = Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Re-issued by South Indian Federation of Fishermen Societies, Trivandrum)
| year = 1920
| location = Calcutta
| url = http://www.siffs.org/books/indianboatdesign.pdf
| access-date = 27 Oct 2011}}</ref> Masula boats are generally smaller, although they can be up to 9 m in length. The pattern varies across the coast, namely, padava on the [[Andhra Pradesh|Andhra coast]] and bar boat in [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] coast. A variant found in the region between [[Kakinada]] and [[Machilipatnam]] has ribs inside.<ref>{{cite web
| title = Indigenous fishing boats
| publisher = Indiaagronet.com
| url = http://www.indiaagronet.com/indiaagronet/Fisheries/Fisheries.htm
| access-date = 27 Oct 2011}}</ref>

The masula boats were mainly used by [[Europeans]] in the 19th century before the building of [[Chennai Port]].<ref>{{cite web
| last = Fiebig
| first = Frederick
| title = Masula boat, Madras
| work = Online Gallery
| publisher = The British Library
| year = 1851
| url = http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/m/019pho000000248u00032000.html
| access-date = 27 Oct 2011
| archive-date = 21 October 2012
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121021171304/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/m/019pho000000248u00032000.html
| url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| last = Anonymous
| title = Masula boat
| work = Online Gallery
| publisher = The British Library
| year = 1787
| url = http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019jzz0000063c5u00000000.html
| access-date = 27 Oct 2011
| archive-date = 21 October 2012
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121021171311/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019jzz0000063c5u00000000.html
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> The dimensions of the masula boat generally varies from 30 to 35 feet in length, 10 to 11 feet in breadth, and 7 to 8 feet in depth. On the Coromandel Coast, it is distinctly short, measuring as short as about 28 feet in length. In the northern region of the coast, chiefly in [[East Godavari district|Godavari]] and [[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]] districts of the Andhra coast, it exceeds 40 feet in length. However, the beam and the depth measures about 8 feet and 4 feet, respectively, across the region. An oculus is sometimes painted on the bows of the masula boats in the Madras region. They are rowed by a crew varying from 8 to 12 men using [[bamboo]] or [[casuarina]] paddles, which consist of a board measuring about 10 inches in width and 14 inches in length, fixed at the end of a bamboo or young casuarina tree. They are steered by one or two tindals (coxswains), and two men are constantly kept to bale out the water.<ref>{{cite web
| title = Masula Boat
| publisher = CultureInContext.org
| url = http://www.cultureincontext.org/cyclopedia-of-india-volume-2/Masula-Boat.html
| access-date = 27 Oct 2011
}}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mast and sail are not used in the masula boats as they never go far from the shore.

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Abora]]
* [[Barge]]
* [[Cabin cruiser]]
* [[Dory (boat)|Dory]]
* [[Fishing boat]]
* [[Halkett boat]]
* [[Inflatable boat]]
* [[Launch (boat)]]
* [[Log canoe]]
* [[Narrowboat]]
* [[Naval architecture]]
* [[Panga (skiff)|Panga (boat)]]
* [[Pirogue]]
* [[Rescue craft]]
* [[Sampan]]
* [[Ship's boat]]
* [[Skiff]]
* [[Yacht]]
* [[Traditional fishing boats]]
* [[Watercraft rowing]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Transport in Tamil Nadu}}

{{Sailing Vessels and Rigs}}

[[Category:Boat types]]
[[Category:Watercraft]]

Mariam Khan – Reporting Live

2026-01-20T12:55:29Z

RaymondLoewentha: created first article w/ refs

{{short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Mariam Khan - Reporting Live poster.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| genre = [[Drama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hotstar.com/tv/mariam-khan/16823|title=Mariam Khan - Reporting Live streaming on Hotstar|publisher=[[Hotstar]]|date=21 May 2018|access-date=23 May 2018|archive-date=24 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524230735/http://www.hotstar.com/tv/mariam-khan/16823|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| creator =
| writer = [[Saba Mumtaz]] [[Yasir Iftikhar Khan]]
| director = {{Plainlist|
* Majid Azam Ismail Umar khan
}}
| creative_director = Siddhartha Vankar
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* Deshna Duggad
* [[Avinash Mishra]]
* [[Priyanka Kandwal]]
* [[Paras Kalnawat]]
* [[Sheena Bajaj]]
* [[Mahima Makwana]]
* [[Param Singh (actor)|Param Singh]]
}}
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| composer = [[Neeraj Shridhar]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 170
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Majid Azam
* Afaque Azam
}}
| editor =
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 30 min approx
| company = Somersault Productions
| network = [[StarPlus]]
| channel =
| released =
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|05|21}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2019|01|11}}
}}

'''''Mariam Khan - Reporting Live''''' is an Indian television series that aired on [[StarPlus|Star Plus]] and [[Disney+ Hotstar]]. The series premiered on 21 May 2018, and was produced by Majid Azam and Afaque Azam. It starred Deshna Duggad, [[Avinash Mishra]], [[Himmanshoo A. Malhotra]], [[Priyanka Kandwal]], [[Paras Kalnawat]] and [[Sheena Bajaj]]. The actors [[Mahima Makwana]] and [[Param Singh (actor)|Param Singh]] were introduced after a generation leap.<ref name=MKRL>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/replacing-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-is-an-added-advantage-says-sheena-bajaj-of-mariam-khan-reporting-live/articleshow/64157913.cms|title=Replacing Ye Hai Mohabbatein is an added advantage, says Sheena Bajaj of Mariam Khan - Reporting Live|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 May 2018}}</ref>

The show ended on 11 January 2019, completing 170 episodes, and was replaced by the serial ''[[Dil Toh Happy Hai Ji]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mariam-khan-reporting-lives-khalid-siddiqui-says-its-sad-that-the-show-is-going-off-the-air/articleshow/67407288.cms|title=Mariam Khan: Reporting Live's Khalid Siddiqui says it's sad that the show is going off the air|last=|first=|date=6 January 2019|website=Times Of India|access-date=}}</ref>

==Plot==
{{expand section|date=February 2022}}Set in [[Bhopal]], Mariam Khan is an imaginative and curious eight-year-old [[dyslexic]] child who doesn't take things at face value.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariam Khan - Reporting Live set in bhopal - Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=Mariam+Khan+-+Reporting+Live+set+in+bhopal |access-date=2022-05-13 |website=www.google.com}}</ref> She is the youngest member of a large family. Her grandfather is the patriarch. She idolizes her uncle and foster father Majaaz, an idealistic journalist and newspaper owner. She plans to be a reporter and shares an emotional bond with Majaaz. Her mother's only concern is marrying off her daughters, while Mariam plans to become a reporter. However, many years later, Mariam's real mother or Majaaz's sister, who left for Pakistan after marriage, comes back to retrieve Mariam. Emotionally blackmailing the family, she takes Mariam to Pakistan. Unaware, she learns that Majaaz is her uncle and she is brought here to use her bone narrow on her brother. In the hospital, Mariam's mother leaves her phone in Mariam's cabin. She uses it contact her family, thus, she is saved. Unbeknownst to the younger generation, Majaaz is accused of terrorism and shot dead after Rehaan gets shot dead due to misunderstanding plotted by Rifat that he belongs to terrorist group while a pilgrim, Anjum takes away young Mariam.

===10 years later===
{{expand section|date=February 2022}}Grown up, Mariam adopts the name Manjeet Kaur to escape her past and begins living in [[Amritsar]] and working as an independent cab driver. While taking her passenger to meet Fawad (in fact her foster mother Madeeha's fraternal nephew), she is shocked to see Majaaz's photo in his hand. She suspects him and tries to learn more of her father.

Later on, Mariam learns that her ostensibly dead family is actually alive and her house didn't burn down. Madeeha's sister-in-law, and Zain and Fawad's mother, Rifat misled Mariam that they died so that she could own the ancestral home in her name. Mariam and Fawad fall in love. Alive, Majaaz turns out to be innocent and joins them. Fawad and Mariam get married.

Fawad and his ex-girlfriend, Bhakti's daughter, Cheeku enters. Later, it is exposed that she isn't his daughter. In reality, Rifat ask Bhakti to say so, but she refused. She then killed Bhakti and falsely stated that Cheeku is Fawad's daughter. Rifat is arrested. Mariam and Fawad adopt Cheeku, and everyone lives happily thereafter.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Mahima Makwana]] as Mariam Khan Ashraf aka Manjeet Kaur: Aayat's daughter; Manjaaz and Madeesha's niece and adoptive daughter; Mahira, Meher and Rehaan's cousin; Fawad's wife (2018–2019)
**Deshna Duggad as Young Mariam Khan (2018)
*[[Param Singh (actor)|Param Singh]] as Fawad Ashraf: Wasim and Rifat's younger son; Zain's brother; Mariam's husband (2018–2019)
**Ashar Khan as Young Fawad Ashraf (2018)
*[[Avinash Mishra]]/[[Himanshu Malhotra]] as Zain Ashraf: Wasim and Rifat's elder son; Fawad's brother; Mahira's ex-husband; Meher's husband; Aliya's father (2018)/(2018–2019)
*[[Sheena Bajaj]] as Meher Khan: Majaaz and Madeeha's elder daughter; Mahira's sister; Mariam's cousin; Zain's wife; Aliya's aunt and mother figure (2018–2019)
*[[Priyanka Kandwal]] as Mahira Khan: Majaaz and Madeeha's younger daughter; Meher's sister; Mariam's cousin; Zain's ex-wife; Rehaan's girlfriend; Aliya's mother (2018)
*[[Paras Kalnawat]] as Rehaan Thakur: Sarfaraz's son; Mariam's cousin; Mahira's boyfriend; Aliya's father (2018)

===Recurring===
*[[Khalid Siddiqui]] as Majaaz Khan: Mahira and Meher's father, Mariam's adoptive father and uncle; Aayat's brother (2018–2019)
*[[Rukhsar Rehman]] as Madeeha Ashraf: Mahira and Meher's mother, Mariam's adoptive mother and aunt (2018–2019)
*[[Anju Mahendru]] as [[Pilgrim]] Shaheen Ahmed (2018–2019)
*Sagar Saini as Wasim Ashraf: Madeeha's brother, Zain and Fawad's father (2018–2019)
*[[S. M. Zaheer]] as Nawaz Ali Khan: Aijaaz's twin brother (2018)/[[Nawab]] Aijaaz Ali Khan: Majaaz and Aayat's father (2018–2019)
*Heena Rajput as Salima Ali Khan: Majaaz and Aayat's mother (2018)
*[[Lubna Salim]] as Rifat Ashraf: Zain and Fawad's mother (2018–2019)
*[[Vinod Kapoor]] as Sarfaraz Thakur: Rehaan's father and Mariam's paternal uncle (2018)
*[[Mansi Sharma]] as Aayat Khan: Majaaz's sister and Mariam's mother (2018)
*Atharva Phadnis as Lalwish "Lallu" Kirloskar (2018)
*Aarna Bhadoriya as Laxmi Narayan Gupta (2018)
*[[Ashutosh Priyadarshi]] as Sub Inspector
*Armaan Siddiqui: Rehaan's murderer (2018)
*Gauransh Sharma as Akshay Agarwal (2018)
*[[Shefali Rana]] as Asha Mehta (2018)
*Kimmy Kaur as Humdum Khan (2018)
*Honey Kamboj as Farhan Hassan (2018)
*[[Lavina Tandon]] as Aarshifa Haider (2018)
*Rajesh Singh as Ballu (2018)
*Unknown as Cheeku Ashraf: Fawad and Mariam's adopted daughter (2019)
*Unknown as Golu Zain Ashraf
*Unknown as Aliya Ashraf: Zain and Mahira's daughter (2018-2019)
*Ahmad Harhash as Muneer Ali Khan (2018–2019)

===Special appearances===
*[[Surveen Chawla]] as Shaira Fakih (2018)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/surveen-chawla-to-do-a-cameo-in-tv-show-mariam-khan/articleshow/64200282.cms|title=Surveen Chawla to do a cameo in TV Show Mariam Khan|newspaper=The Times of India|date=22 November 2018|accessdate=19 August 2019}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Mariam Khan Reporting Live Original Sound Track
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Rahul Jain
| cover =
| alt =
| released =
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Romance (music)|Romance]] [[Soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

Mariam Khan Reporting Live's soundtrack is written and composed by Rahul Jain. ''O Rangrez'', sung by Rahul Jain was released on 21 May 2018.

{{track listing
| extra_column= Artist
| headline = Mariam Khan Reporting Live: Tracklisting
| title1 = O Rangrez
| note1 = Male
| extra1 = Rahul Jain
| length1 = 4:22
| title2 = Jannu Na
| note2 = Male
| extra2 = Rahul Jain
| length2 = 3:33
}}Neeraj Shridhar sung and composed the title track of this show.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/hotwire-text/neeraj-shridhar-composes-title-track-of-mariam-khan|title=Neeraj Shridhar composes title track of 'Mariam Khan...'|last=|first=|date=7 May 2018|website=The Quint|access-date=}}</ref>

==Production==
The show took over the time slot of ''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]'' and the latter was shifted to late night slot.<ref name="MKRL" />

In September 2018, actress [[Priyanka Kandwal]] quit the show as she doesn't want to age after the leap. In the same month, actor [[Avinash Mishra]] quit as he was dissatisfied with the screen time given to his character.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mariam-khan-reporting-live-actress-priyanka-kandwal-to-quit-the-show-heres-why/articleshow/65795040.cms|title=Mariam Khan Reporting Live actress Priyanka Kandwal to quit the show; here's why|last=|first=|date=13 September 2018|website=Times Of India|access-date=}}</ref> [[Paras Kalnawat]] also quit the show as he was disappointment with the makers as they didn't offer him the lead character role as they promised after makers did a sad ending to his character Rehaan, the worst suffering character of show by his tragic death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/paras-kalnawat-pens-down-an-emotional-goodbye-post-for-his-entire-team-of-mariam-khan-reporting-live-see-pic/articleshow/65820383.cms|title=Paras Kalnawat pens down an emotional goodbye post for his entire team of Mariam Khan - Reporting Live; see pic|last=|first=|date=15 September 2018|website=Times Of India|access-date=}}</ref>

It initially started Deshna Dugad. Owing to low ratings, the storyline took a leap which started [[Mahima Makwana]] and [[Param Singh (actor)|Param Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apnnews.com/post-leap-mahima-makwana-to-play-manjeet-in-mariam-khan-reporting-live/|title=Post leap, Mahima Makwana to play Manjeet in Mariam Khan – Reporting Live|last=|first=|date=|website=Apn News|access-date=}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.hotstar.com/tv/mariam-khan/16823 Mariam Khan - Reporting Live] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524230735/http://www.hotstar.com/tv/mariam-khan/16823 |date=24 May 2018 }} streaming on [[Hotstar]]

{{Star Plus Shows}}

[[Category:2018 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:StarPlus original programming]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:2019 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Television series about journalism]]

Indian Telly Award for Best Drama Series

2026-01-19T17:11:12Z

RaymondLoewentha: adding a pg

{{Short description|Indian television award category}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{For|popular award|Indian Telly Award for Fan Favorite Show}}
{{Infobox award
| name = [[Indian Telly Awards|Indian Telly Award]] for Best Drama Series
| awarded_for = Best Drama Series
| presenter =
| country = {{IND}}
| year = 2002
| holder = ''[[Anupamaa]]'' ''[[Udne Ki Aasha]]''
| website = [http://www.indiantellyawards.com Indian Telly Awards]
}}

'''[[Indian Telly Awards]]''' for Best Drama Series is an award given by the jury as a part of its annual event.

==Winners==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|- bgcolor="#d1e4fd"
! Year
! Show
! Network
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' || [[Star Plus]]
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' || [[Star Plus]]
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' || [[Star Plus]]
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Kkavyanjali]]'' || [[Star Plus]]
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Kasamh Se]]'' || [[Zee Tv]]
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' || [[Star Plus]]
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Bandini (TV series)|Bandini]]'' || [[Imagine TV]]
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Tere Liye (TV series)|Tere Liye]]'' || [[Star Plus]]
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]'' || [[Sony TV]]
|-
| rowspan="2"|2013 || ''[[Kya Huaa Tera Vaada]]'' || [[Set india|Sony TV]]
|-
| ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' || [[Star Plus]]
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' || [[Star Plus]]
|-
|2019
|''[[Patiala Babes]]''
|[[Sony TV]]
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Main Hoon Aparajita]]'' || [[Zee TV]]
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Anupamaa]]'' ''[[Udne Ki Aasha]]'' || [[Star Plus]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian Telly Awards}}

[[Category:Indian Telly Awards]]

Rita Rose

2026-01-14T19:52:11Z

RaymondLoewentha: Started A Pg

{{Short description|Indian singer and actress (born 1947)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rita Rose
| image = Rita Rose in 2015.jpg
| caption = Rose at the [[Kala Academy]], 2015
| birth_name = Maria Rita Pais
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[Dominion of India]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|9|7|df=y}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer|actress}}
| years_active = 1962–present
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Alfred Rose (singer)|Alfred Rose]]|1965|2003|reason=died}}
| children = 3
| relatives = [[A. M. B. Rose]] (father-in-law)
| signature = Rita Rose signature.svg
| website = {{URL|ritarose.in}}
}}

'''Maria Rita Fernandes''' ([[née]] '''Pais'''; born 7 September 1947), known professionally as '''Rita Rose''', is an Indian singer and actress known for her work in [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]] and ''[[tiatr]]'' productions. A [[solo (music)|solo]] and [[duet]] singer, she first gained prominence during the mid-1960s performing in her husband [[Alfred Rose (singer)|Alfred Rose]]'s ''tiatrs''. She is also best known for her [[leading role]] in the Konkani film ''Boglantt'' (1975).

==Early life==
[[File:Rita Rose at her first communion.jpg|thumb|upright|Rose during her [[First Communion]] in {{circa|1955}}]]

Her father was also an artist, a [[Konkani language|Konkani]] playwright, and a theatre director who wrote two famous ''[[tiatr]]s'', ''Sosnnikai'' and ''Gharachi Chavi'' (House Key).<ref name=":0" />

==Career==
Rose began participating in ''[[tiatr]]'' productions through her involvement in ''Munis Ou Devchar'' (Human or Demon?), a theatrical production created by her husband, [[Alfred Rose (singer)|Alfred Rose]]. Initially, there was a shortage of performers, prompting Alfred Rose to request her father for her participation. At the time, Rita was an unmarried school student. Consequently, she joined [[Jessie Dias]] and Alfred Rose himself as part of a [[trio (music)|trio]] performance. Throughout her career, she has considered her most memorable role to be in [[M. Boyer]]'s ''tiatr'', ''Ekuch Rosto'' (Only One Way), which was specifically tailored to suit her talents. However, when Boyer sought to record the ''tiatr'' production, Rose was unable to participate due to her commitment to a show in [[London]]. Another actor assumed her role in ''Ekuch Rosto'' during her absence. Boyer opted not to record the production, as he believed Rose, the original cast member, was the most fitting actor for the role.<ref name=":0" />

One of the popular songs performed by Rose and her husband was "Bomboichi Birmoti." Additionally, she lent her vocal talents to various [[audio cassette]]s for artists such as [[H. Britton]], [[Titta Pretto]], and [[Hortencio Pereira]]. Following her marriage to Alfred Rose, she featured in all of his ''tiatr'' productions. However, prior to their union, she was unable to participate due to her commitment to schooling. During that time, actors like Jessie Dias and [[Antonette Mendes]] took on roles in her husband's productions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Rita Rose & Alria Rose D'Souza {{!}} Tiatrists {{!}} Mannkam Motiam {{!}} S3E1 {{!}} Prudent |url=https://www.prudentmedia.in/mannkam-motiam/rita-rose-alria-rose-d%E2%80%99souza-tiatrists-mannkam-motiam-s3e1-prudent/22003.html |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=www.prudentmedia.in |language=en |archive-date=2024-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415144247/https://www.prudentmedia.in/mannkam-motiam/rita-rose-alria-rose-d%E2%80%99souza-tiatrists-mannkam-motiam-s3e1-prudent/22003.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2012, Rose had acted in several popular ''tiatrs'', including ''Lakpoti Novro'' (Millionaire Boyfriend), ''Director Saib'' (Director Sir), and ''Ekuch Rosto'' (Only One Way). Alongside her acting career, Rose also showcased her singing abilities in ''tiatrs'' such as ''Angounnechi Vokol'', ''Somestancho Kumpar'', and ''Dharun Vhoddil''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=45_WlAEACAAJ |title=Directory of Tiatr Artistes, 2012 |date=2012 |publisher=Tiatr Academy of Goa |pages=139 |language=en |access-date=2023-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827202743/https://books.google.com/books?id=45_WlAEACAAJ |archive-date=2023-08-27 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Author [[Wilson Mazarello]] writes, "Fernandes has a very pleasant voice and can sing [[solo (music)|solos]] as well as [[duet]]s with equal ease". Her vocal talents received recognition for their quality, enabling her to perform both solo and duet pieces. Collaborating with her husband, [[Alfred Rose (singer)|Alfred Rose]], she gained international fame, particularly among the [[Goan]] diaspora. Her contributions to the world of [[Konkani language|Konkani]] theater, working alongside directors like [[M. Boyer]], [[Prem Kumar (Konkani actor)|Prem Kumar]], [[C. Alvares]], and her husband Rose, have showcased her versatility as an actress. In addition to her theater performances, she has achieved acclaim as the leading actress in the [[Konkani cinema|Konkani film]] ''Boglantt'' (1975), which resonated with the Goan community. Her talent has taken her on several tours, across the United Kingdom, [[Canada]], the [[Middle East]], and other locations. She has also established a presence in the realm of [[broadcast media]]. Since 1995, she has been a regular singer on [[All India Radio]] and [[Doordarshan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Wilson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art & Culture |pages=234 |language=en |access-date=2024-04-15 |archive-date=2024-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107200151/https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> Recognizing her contributions to the cultural heritage of [[Goa]], Rose granted permission to [[Isidore Dantas]], the former Assistant General Manager of the [[State Bank of India]], to write a book about her husband, Alfred Rose. Displaying her meticulous nature, Rose systematically documented her experiences, including [[handbill]]s, photographs, and [[cassette tape]]s, which she donated to the [[Goa Central Library]] in [[Panjim]]. In the 2019 book ''Alfred Rose: The King of Melody'' by Dantas, she authored a section spanning four pages following an extensive period of over two years dedicated to research and compilation for the publication.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In Goa, a rose is always Alfred Rose |url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/m/details.php?n_id=150643 |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=oHeraldo |archive-date=2024-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415144253/http://www.heraldgoa.in/m/details.php?n_id=150643 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In May 2016, Rose and her son Englebert delivered a [[Tribute act|live tribute]] to Alfred Rose during the Goa Food and Music Festival organized by the Herald Group. The festival, held over three days at the [[Campal]] Parade Ground in Panjim, showcased a diverse range of performances by artists such as Anselm Fernandes, Frazier, Aleta Gonsalves, Pearl, True Blue, Media Waves, Divya Naik, Vito, A-Unit, and Ciloni Da Costa.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Team |first1=Herald |title=Day 2: The fever peaks at Goa's food and music fest |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Day-2-The-fever-peaks-at-Goas-food-and-music-fest/101530 |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=oHeraldo |archive-date=2024-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415144248/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Day-2-The-fever-peaks-at-Goas-food-and-music-fest/101530 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 17 April 2017, Rose actively participated in a commemorative event held at the DMK auditorium in the [[Kala Academy]], Panjim, celebrating the 125th anniversary of ''tiatr'', a form of [[Konkani language|Konkani]] theater. Konkani ''[[tiatrist]]s'', including [[Antonette Mendes]], [[Betty Naz]], [[Titta Pretto]], [[Joe Rose (Konkani actor)|Joe Rose]], [[Ben Evangelisto]], [[Roseferns]], [[Prince Jacob]], Comedian Agostinho, [[Comedian Selvy]], [[Comedian Domnic]], Luis Bachchan, [[Mario Menezes]], Alfy de Divar, and others, also contributed to the presentation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Celebrating 125 years of tiatr |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Celebrating-125-years-of-tiatr/114039 |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=oHeraldo |archive-date=2024-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415144237/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Celebrating-125-years-of-tiatr/114039 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 15 August 2020, Rose, accompanied by her children Alria and Engelbert, captivated audiences with an online concert hosted by Rockin' Marmalade. The concert named Goan Global 2 was first showcased on their official [[Facebook page]], marking a significant moment as Rose and her children reunited on stage after a decade. Their performance highlighted the songs of [[Alfred Rose (singer)|Alfred Rose]]. During the concert, Tatum D'Souza, the daughter of Bab Peter and [[Ophelia Cabral]], also made an appearance and captivated the audience with performances of their well-known songs.

In August 2022, Rose received recognition for her and her husband's contributions to the realms of music and literature during a literary program. The event coincided with the release of the book ''The Rose Blooms'', written by Glenis Mendonça, a [[lecturer]] at Carmel College, [[Nuvem]]. Rose, together with her daughter Alria and son Engelbert, entertained the audience with their performance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All the Roses on one stage |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/All-the-Roses-on-one-stage/192471 |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=oHeraldo |archive-date=2022-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813150138/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/All-the-Roses-on-one-stage/192471 |url-status=live }}</ref> The program also commemorated the 90th [[birth anniversary]] of the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] singer Alfred Rose.<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE ROSES BRING BACK MEMORIES OF THE MELODY KING |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/THE-ROSES-BRING-BACK-MEMORIES-OF-THE-MELODY-KING/192725 |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=oHeraldo |archive-date=2022-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084812/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/THE-ROSES-BRING-BACK-MEMORIES-OF-THE-MELODY-KING/192725 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Rita had an encounter with [[Alfred Rose (singer)|Alfred Rose]], her future husband, during her involvement in her father's ''[[tiatr]]'' production titled ''Gharachi Chavi'' (House Key). A teen aged Rita found herself sharing the stage with Alfred, who played opposite her. During this time, she had the opportunity to handle Rose's wand and his [[Panama hat]], an accessory he utilized during his singing performances. Amidst the preparations for their show, she unintentionally crumpled Rose's imported Panama hat from [[London]] when she sat on it, marking their initial introduction.<ref name=":0" /> This incident caused consternation for her mother, who was deeply concerned about her daughter's behavior.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In rewind mode |url=https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/in-rewind-mode/1558.html |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en |archive-date=2024-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415144240/https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/in-rewind-mode/1558.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In an attempt to make amends, she offered to compensate Rose for the damaged hat. However, Rose responded with equanimity, smiling and accepting the situation without complaint.<ref name=":0" /> On the occasion of her 18th birthday, she and Alfred Rose, who was 32 years old at the time, tied the knot on 7 September 1965, at the [[Cathedral of the Holy Name, Mumbai|Holy Name Cathedral]] in [[Colaba]], Bombay.{{cn|date=August 2024}} The union resulted in the birth of three children: two sons named Schubert and Engelbert, and a daughter named Alria. All three children actively participate in the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]], carrying on their parents' artistic legacy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Navhind |date=2018-07-19 |title=Engelbert Rose – TIATR PERSONALITY JP Pereira – The Navhind Times |work=The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2018/07/19/magazines/buzz/engelbert-rose-tiatr-personality-jp-pereira/ |access-date=2024-04-15 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415144231/https://www.navhindtimes.in/2018/07/19/magazines/buzz/engelbert-rose-tiatr-personality-jp-pereira/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Following her marriage, Rose acknowledges that her husband held a strong affection for the [[Konkani language]] and even took the initiative to teach it to their family members. However, Rose primarily conversed with her children in English to ensure their familiarity with both languages. In regards to Glenis Mendonça, the author of ''The Rose Blooms'', Rose regards her as a "prolific writer". Collaboratively, Mendonça and Rose authored a book centered around the life and accomplishments of Alfred Rose. Rose further emphasizes that her husband did not receive recognition during his lifetime, emphasizing the importance of appreciating individuals while they are still alive.<ref name=":0" /> On 21 October 2003, Rose's husband died in [[Mahim, Mumbai]] at the age of 71.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alfred Rose: The Melody King of Goa |url=https://www.thegoan.net/tg-life/alfred-rose-the-melody-king-of-goa/75860.html |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014154155/https://www.thegoan.net/tg-life/alfred-rose-the-melody-king-of-goa/75860.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2012, Rose and her family continue to reside in Mahim.<ref name=":1" />

===The lost suitcase incident===
In 1987, a [[musical show|musical event]] took place at Shanmukhananda Hall in [[Sion, Bombay]]. The show featured popular English and [[Konkani language|Konkani]] bands, including Rose's band. Rose and her husband, [[Alfred Rose (singer)|Alfred Rose]], had intended to attend the show with their car, carrying a [[suitcase]] containing their belongings. Meanwhile, their friends and younger son, Schubert, were en route to the venue in a taxi with another suitcase belonging to her. However, upon their arrival at the hall, they realized that they had inadvertently left the second suitcase in the taxi. Realizing the predicament, Alfred instructed their photographer to take her back home in a taxi, where she could retrieve new clothes, [[wig]]s, and other necessary items. She promptly took the taxi and managed to make it to the venue. However, the lost suitcase contained only [[musical note]]s, specifically [[Solfège|solfa]]s, which were crucial for their performance. Without these notes, it would have been impossible for them to participate in the [[musical show]].<ref name=":0" />

Not wanting to disappoint the audience, Alfred made an announcement, explaining the situation to the crowd. Despite being already 30 minutes late, the audience remained patient and understanding. In the meantime, Rose contacted Babush, who had written all the songs as per Alfred's instructions. With Babush's assistance, they managed to salvage the show, and it turned out to be a success. Following the performance, Rose, her family, husband, and friends celebrated at their residence. To their surprise, the taxi driver arrived at their home with the lost suitcase. In gratitude for his honesty, Rose and her family wished to reward the driver with some money. However, the taxi driver declined their offer, displaying his integrity and refusing any form of compensation.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=2322184}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rose, Rita}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:Entertainers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Konkani-language singers]]

Katri Daddi

2025-12-04T23:38:10Z

RaymondLoewentha: minor corrected information per sources additionally for consistency

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Katri Daddi
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Belgaum district|Belgaum]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayat raj]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Katri Daddi''' is a village in [[Belgaum district]] in [[Karnataka]], [[India]].<ref>[http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/List_of_Villages/List_of_Villages_Alphabetical.aspx?cki=&ComboState_Code=29 Village Directory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722033752/http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/List_of_Villages/List_of_Villages_Alphabetical.aspx?cki=&ComboState_Code=29 |date=22 July 2011 }}, 2001 Census of India</ref>

== Geography ==
KatriDaddi is a small rural village located in the Belagavi district of Karnataka, India, administratively under the Sampgaon Taluka. The village spans an area of approximately 422.51 hectares (≈4.23 km²),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katri Daddi village in Sampgaon taluka, Belgaum, Karnataka, India |url=https://vill.co.in/karnataka/belgaum/sampgaon-555054400/katri-daddi-054405981180/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=vill.co.in |language=en}}</ref> characterized by gently undulating terrain typical of this region of northern Karnataka.

The landscape consists primarily of agricultural fields, interspersed with small patches of uncultivated land and occasional natural vegetation. The soil in the area is generally fertile.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Settlements in Belgaum district}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

[[Category:Villages in Belagavi district]]

{{Belgaum-geo-stub}}

Lumding Junction railway station

2025-11-20T20:20:01Z

RaymondLoewentha: created first entry added tags

{{Short description|Railway station in Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|50px]] {{font color|blue|Lumding Jn.}}
| type = [[Commuter rail]] & [[Regional rail]]
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Lumding_Junction_Railway_Station.jpg
| image_caption = Lumding Junction Railway Station
| address = Station Road, Lumding, [[Hojai]]-782447, [[Assam]]
| country = {{flagu|India}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|25.7502|N|93.1769|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|142|m|ft}}
| line = * [[Guwahati–Lumding section]]
* [[Lumding–Dibrugarh section]]
* [[Lumding–Badarpur section]]
| other = Auto-rickshaw
| structure = [[Intersection_(road)#At_grade_railways|At grade]]
| platform = 5
| tracks = 14
| parking = {{rint|park}} Available
| bicycle = {{rint|bicycle}} Available
| opened = 1903
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible = {{Accessicon|20px}} Yes
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = LMG
| zone = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier]]
| division = {{rwd|Lumding}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railway]]
| status = Functioning
| services = [[File:Waiting_Room_-_The_Noun_Project.svg|20px|Waiting Room]] [[File:AB-Autobahnkiosk.svg|20px|Food & Drink]] [[File:BSicon_REST.svg|20px|Food Plaza]] [[File:Elevator_(AIGA_based).svg|15px|Lifts]] [[File:Surveillance_camera.svg|40px|CCTV]] [[File:Aiga_escalator_down_mirror.svg|20px|Escalators]] [[File:Wifiservice.svg|20px|Railwire Free Wifi]] [[File:Font_Awesome_5_solid_bed.svg|20px|Retiring Rooms]]
| former = [[Assam Bengal Railway]]
| passengers = 50K/Day
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system = {{increase}} {{color|#fc5|high}}
| map_type = India Assam
| map_dot_label = Lumding Junction railway station
| map_caption = Location in Assam
| mapframe = Yes
}}
'''Lumding Junction Railway Station''' serves the Indian city of [[Lumding]] in [[Assam]]. It is the divisional headquarter of [[Lumding railway division]] of [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone]]. It is located in Hojai district. It is the 2nd biggest railway station of [[Lumding railway division]], after {{stnlnk|Guwahati}}. It is one of the oldest railway stations in India built under [[Assam Bengal Railway]]. It consists of 5 [[railway platform|platforms]] with a total of 68 halting trains and 3 originating trains. The station consists of double diesel line.<ref>[https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/687? Indiarailinfo Lumding railway station]</ref>

==History==
In the pre-[[Partition of India|partition]] days, Assam was linked to [[Chittagong]] through the [[Akhaura–Kulaura–Chhatak line]] and [[Akhaura–Laksam–Chittagong line]]. The Chittagong link had been constructed in response to the demand of the Assam tea planters for a railway link to [[Port of Chittagong|Chittagong port]]. [[Assam Bengal Railway]] started construction of a railway track on the eastern side of [[Bengal]] in 1891. A {{convert|150|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} track between [[Chittagong]] and [[Comilla]] was opened to traffic in 1895. The Comilla–Akhaura–Kulaura–Badarpur section was opened in 1896–1898 and extended to Lumding in 1903.<ref>{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pL_GfLfK3lYC&pg=PA46 |title = Report on the administration of North East India (1921–22) |year = 1984 |page=46| publisher=Mittal Publishers Distributors | accessdate = 13 May 2013}}</ref><ref>Socio Economic and Political Problems of Tea Garden Workers: A Study of Assam by S.N.Singh, Amarendra Narain, Purnendu Kumar, page 105, published in 2006, {{ISBN|81-8324-098-4}}, Mittal Publications, New Delhi</ref>

Assam Bengal Railway opened the Lumding–Guwahati line in 1900.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history3.html |title = IR History: Part III (1900–1947) | publisher= IRFCA| accessdate = 13 May 2013 }}</ref>

After independence and partition, the entire Guwahati–Lumding–Dibrugarh–Tinsukia sector was converted from metre gauge to broad gauge by 1997.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/archive/bud9798/railbud.html |title = Highlights of Railway Budget, 1997–98 | publisher= Press Information Bureau| accessdate = 13 May 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.processregister.com/Lumding–Dibrugarh_G_C/Project/pid11580.htm |title = Lumding Dibrugarh GC Project| publisher= Process Register| accessdate = 13 May 2013}}</ref>

The Lumding–Silchar gauge conversion work was scheduled to be completed in March–April 2015.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Gauge-conversion-deadline-now-April-2015/articleshow/19182006.cms | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130616085749/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-25/guwahati/38008948_1_lumding-silchar-broad-gauge-project-lumding-lower-haflong-hill-nfr | url-status = live | archive-date = 16 June 2013 |title = Gauge conversion deadline now April 2015|date=25 March 2013| work = [[The Times of India]] | access-date = 13 May 2013}}</ref>

==Amenities==

Following services available in Lumding Jn. Railway Station:

* 02 (02 Bedded) AC Retiring Rooms with Free Wi-Fi/TV/Locker/Charging point [[File:Font_Awesome_5_solid_bed.svg|20px]]
* 07 (02 Bedded) Non AC Retiring Rooms with Free Wi-Fi/TV/Locker [[File:Font_Awesome_5_solid_bed.svg|20px]]
* 01 (08 Bedded) Non AC Dormitory with Free Wi-Fi/TV [[File:Font_Awesome_5_solid_bed.svg|20px]]
* Executive Lounge
* High Speed Google Railwire Free Wi-Fi service [[File:Wifiservice.svg|20px]]
* Upper Class/Lower Class Waiting Rooms having Free Wi-Fi/AC/TV/Charging points/Drinking water & separate Ladies/Gents Washrooms [[File:Waiting_Room_-_The Noun_Project.svg|20px]]
* Food Plaza [[File:BSicon_REST.svg|20px]]
* Tea Stall [[File:AB-Autobahnkiosk.svg|25px]]
* FOB with 2X [[File:Aiga_escalator_up_mirror.svg|25px]] Escalator/Elevators [[File:Elevator_(AIGA_based).svg|15px]] 3X
* CCTV Surveillance [[File:Surveillance_camera.svg|35px]]

==Loco shed==
There was a metre gauge loco shed at Lumding. When the entire Guwahati–Lumding–Dibrugarh line was converted to broad gauge, the Lumding–Badarpur–Silchar line has also been converted to broad gauge. The YDM-4 metre gauge locos from New Guwahati loco shed were transferred to Lumding. Recently, the metre-gauge shed is transformed to EMU shed.<ref>is{{cite web| url = https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-shed.html |title = Sheds and workshops | publisher= IRFCA| accessdate = 14 May 2013}}</ref>

==Lumding railway division==
Lumding railway division was created on 1 May 1969.<ref>{{cite book| url = http://lumdingdivision.com/aboutus.php|title = Northeast Fontier Railway – Lumding Division| publisher= Lumding Division| accessdate = 13 May 2013 }}</ref>

== Major trains ==
# '''[[Dibrugarh Rajdhani Express|New Delhi–Dibrugarh Rajdhani Express (Via New Tinsukia)]]'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Delhi–Dibrugarh Rajdhani Express (Via New Tinsukia)|url=http://amp.indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-dibrugarh-new-delhi-rajdhani-express-via-new-tinsukia-12423/1326/7288/664|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
# '''[[Dibrugarh Rajdhani Express|New Delhi–Dibrugarh Rajdhani Express (Via Moranhat)]]'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Delhi–Dibrugarh Rajdhani Express (Via Moranhat)|url=http://amp.indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-dibrugarh-new-delhi-rajdhani-express-via-moranhat-20503/7974/7288/664|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
# '''[[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Agartala AC Express]]'''
#'''[[Guwahati−Dibrugarh Shatabdi Express]]'''
#[[Silchar–New Delhi Poorvottar Sampark Kranti Express]]
#[[Dibrugarh–Kanyakumari Vivek Express]]
#[[Aronai Express|Silchar - Thiruvananthapuram Aronai Superfast Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tiruvananthapuram-Silchar Aronai Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-aronai-express-12507/579/59/1053|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
#[[Silchar-Coimbatore Express|Silchar - Coimbatore Superfast Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Silchar-Coimbatore Express|url=https://www.confirmtkt.com/train-schedule/12516-SCL-CBE-EXPRESS|website=confirmtkt.com}}</ref>
#[[Sealdah–Agartala Kanchenjunga Express|Sabroom - Sealdah Kanchanjunga Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sealdah Agartala Kanchanjunga Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-agartala-sealdah-kanchanjunga-festival-special-03174/129105/3651/325|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
#[[Tripura Sundari Express|Agartala - Firozpur Tripura Sundari Express]]
#[[New Tinsukia–Amritsar Express]]
#[[Dibrugarh–Chandigarh Express]]
#[[New Tinsukia–SMVT Bengaluru Superfast Express]]
#[[Avadh Assam Express|Dibrugarh-Lalgarh Avadh Assam Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=15609⇒15909/Avadh Assam Express (PT)|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-avadh-assam-express-15909/95/546/336|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
#[[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus - Dibrugarh Express|Dibrugarh - Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Superfast Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lokmanya Tilak Terminus-Guwahati Express via Katihar|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-mumbai-ltt-guwahati-express-via-katihar-15645/587/466/546|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
#[[Kamrup Express|Dibrugarh-Howrah Kamrup Express via Guwahati]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dibrugarh Howrah Kamrup Express via Guwahati|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-kamrup-special-via-guwahati-05959/128197/1/7288|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
#[[Sealdah–Silchar Kanchenjunga Express|Silchar - Sealdah Kanchanjunga Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sealdah Silchar Kanchanjunga Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-kanchanjunga-express-13175/40941/325/1053|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
#[[Deoghar–Agartala Weekly Express|Agartala - Deoghar Weekly Express]]
#[[Dibrugarh–Rajendra Nagar Weekly Express]]
#[[Guwahati–Jorhat Town Jan Shatabdi Express]]
#[[Nagaland Express|Guwahati - Dibrugarh Town Nagaland Express]]
#[[Rangiya–Silchar Express]]
#[[BG Express|Guwahati - Mariani BG Express]]
#[[Alipurduar–Lumding Intercity Express]]
#[[Barak–Brahmaputra Express|Silchar - New Tinsukia Barak Brahmaputra Express]]
#[[Guwahati–Ledo Intercity Express]]
#[[Rangiya–New Tinsukia Express]]
#[[Jivachh Link Express|New Tinsukia - Darbhanga Jivacch Link Express]]

==See also ==

* [[North Eastern Railway Connectivity Project]]
* [[North Western Railway zone]]

==References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IndiaRailInfo|687}}
{{Adjacent stations|noclear=y
|system=Indian Railways
|line=Northeast Frontier Railway zone|left=Patharkhola|right=|type=[[Guwahati–Lumding section]]
|line2=Northeast Frontier Railway zone|left2=|right2=Bar Langfer|type2=Lumding–Dibrugarh section
|line3=Northeast Frontier Railway zone|left3=|right3=Manderdisa|type3=Lumding–Sabroom section}}

{{Railway stations in Assam}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1903]]
[[Category:Railway junction stations in Assam]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Hojai district]]
[[Category:Lumding railway division]]
[[Category:Transport in Lumding]]

2008 BWF World Junior Championships – boys' doubles

2025-11-11T06:25:40Z

RaymondLoewentha: started new stub added tags...

{{Infobox badminton event
|name = 2008 BWF World Junior Championships boys' doubles
|image =
|size =
|caption =
|dates = {{Start date|2008|10|29|df=y}} – {{End date|2008|11|2|df=y}}
|number_edition = 10th
|level = 1
|nations =
|venue = [[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex]]
|location = [[Pune]], India
|previous = [[2007 BWF World Junior Championships – boys' doubles|2007]]
|next = [[2009 BWF World Junior Championships – Boys' doubles|2009]]
}}
The boys' doubles event for the [[2008 BWF World Junior Championships]] was held between 29 October and 2 November. [[Mak Hee Chun]] and [[Teo Kok Siang]] of Malaysia won the title.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2008&dt=1103&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Sukan&pg=su_03.htm|title=Hee Chun-Kok Siang juara di Pune|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328021401/https://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2008&dt=1103&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Sukan&pg=su_03.htm|archive-date=28 March 2017|language=ms|newspaper=[[Utusan Malaysia]]|date=3 November 2008|access-date=27 March 2017}}</ref>

==Seeded==
{{colbegin}}
# {{#invoke:flag||MAS}} '''[[Mak Hee Chun]] / [[Teo Kok Siang]] (champion)'''
# {{#invoke:flag||KOR}} [[Choi Young-woo]] / [[Kim Gi-jung]] ''(third round)''
# {{#invoke:flag||KOR}} [[Kim Dae-eun (badminton)|Kim Dae-eun]] / [[Kim Ki-eung]] ''(semi-final)''
# {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Chai Biao]] / [[Qiu Zihan]] ''(final)''
# {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Li Gen (badminton)|Li Gen]] / [[Zhang Nan (badminton)|Zhang Nan]] ''(quarter-final)''
# {{#invoke:flag||NED}} [[Jacco Arends]] / [[Jelle Maas]] ''(third round)''
# {{#invoke:flag||FRA}} [[Sylvain Grosjean]] / {{#invoke:flag||IRL}} [[Sam Magee]] ''(second round)''
# {{#invoke:flag||SCO}} [[Martin Campbell (badminton)|Martin Campbell]] / Angus Gilmour ''(third round)''
{{colend}}

== Draw ==
===Finals===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=Semifinals
| RD2=Final
| score-width=
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=1
| RD1-team1='''{{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Mak Hee Chun]] {{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Teo Kok Siang]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=3/4
| RD1-team2={{#invoke:flag||KOR}} [[Kim Dae-eun (badminton)|Kim Dae-eun]] {{#invoke:flag||KOR}} [[Kim Ki-eung]]
| RD1-score2-1=14
| RD1-score2-2=13
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=3/4
| RD1-team3='''{{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Chai Biao]] {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Qiu Zihan]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''21'''
| RD1-score3-2='''21'''
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4= 
| RD1-team4={{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Chooi Kah Ming]] {{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Pang Zheng Lin]]
| RD1-score4-1=8
| RD1-score4-2=16
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD2-seed1=1
| RD2-team1='''{{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Mak Hee Chun]] {{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Teo Kok Siang]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''21'''
| RD2-score1-2='''21'''
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=3/4
| RD2-team2={{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Chai Biao]] {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Qiu Zihan]]
| RD2-score2-1=18
| RD2-score2-2=14
| RD2-score2-3=
}}

====Section 1====
{{#invoke:Bracket|16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
|RD1=First round
|RD2=Second round
|RD3=Third round
|RD4=Quarterfinal

|RD1-seed05=
|RD1-team05='''{{#invoke:flag||IND}} [[Sai Praneeth|S Praneeth]] {{#invoke:flag||IND}} [[Pranav Chopra|P Chopra]]'''
|RD1-score05-1='''21'''
|RD1-score05-2='''21'''
|RD1-score05-3=
|RD1-seed06=
|RD1-team06={{#invoke:flag||RUS}} [[Sergey Scherbin|S Scherbin]] {{#invoke:flag||RUS}} [[Anatoliy Yartsev|A Yartsev]]
|RD1-score06-1=10
|RD1-score06-2=12
|RD1-score06-3=

|RD1-seed07=
|RD1-team07='''{{#invoke:flag||JPN}} [[Shohei Hoshino|S Hoshino]] {{#invoke:flag||JPN}} [[Naomasa Senkyo|N Senkyo]]'''
|RD1-score07-1=
|RD1-score07-2=
|RD1-score07-3=
|RD1-seed08=
|RD1-team08={{#invoke:flag||SYR}} [[Mohammad Al Jonid|M Al Jonid]] {{#invoke:flag||SYR}} [[Amar Awad|A Awad]]
|RD1-score08-1=WO
|RD1-score08-2=
|RD1-score08-3=

|RD1-seed11=
|RD1-team11='''{{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Rian Agung Saputro|R Saputro]] {{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Yohanes Rendy Sugiarto|Y Sugiarto]]'''
|RD1-score11-1='''21'''
|RD1-score11-2='''21'''
|RD1-score11-3=
|RD1-seed12=
|RD1-team12={{#invoke:flag||ITA}} [[Giovanni Greco|G Greco]] {{#invoke:flag||ITA}} [[Pierluigi Musiari|P Musiari]]
|RD1-score12-1=14
|RD1-score12-2=12
|RD1-score12-3=

|RD1-seed13=
|RD1-team13={{#invoke:flag||TUR}} [[Kamil Akcebe|K Akcebe]] {{#invoke:flag||TUR}} [[Ramazan Öztürk|R Öztürk]]
|RD1-score13-1=9
|RD1-score13-2=19
|RD1-score13-3=
|RD1-seed14=
|RD1-team14='''{{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Chen Guorui|Chen GR]] {{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Jeffrey Wong|J Wong]]'''
|RD1-score14-1='''21'''
|RD1-score14-2='''21'''
|RD1-score14-3=

|RD1-seed15=
|RD1-team15='''{{#invoke:flag||EGY}} [[Ahmed Abdelrahman (badminton)|A Abdelrahman]] {{#invoke:flag||EGY}} [[Ali El Khateeb|A El Khateeb]]'''
|RD1-score15-1='''21'''
|RD1-score15-2='''21'''
|RD1-score15-3=
|RD1-seed16=
|RD1-team16={{#invoke:flag||IRI}} [[Sepehr Eivani|S Eivani]] {{#invoke:flag||IRI}} [[Mohamadreza Khanjani|M Khanjani]]
|RD1-score16-1=19
|RD1-score16-2=15
|RD1-score16-3=

|RD2-seed01=1
|RD2-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Mak Hee Chun|Mak HC]] {{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Teo Kok Siang|Teo KS]]'''
|RD2-score01-1='''21'''
|RD2-score01-2='''21'''
|RD2-score01-3=
|RD2-seed02=
|RD2-team02={{#invoke:flag||GER}} [[Jonas Geigenberger|J Geigenberger]] {{#invoke:flag||GER}} [[Andreas Heinz (badminton)|A Heinz]]
|RD2-score02-1=9
|RD2-score02-2=10
|RD2-score02-3=

|RD2-seed03=
|RD2-team03={{#invoke:flag||IND}} [[Sai Praneeth|S Praneeth]] {{#invoke:flag||IND}} [[Pranav Chopra|P Chopra]]
|RD2-score03-1=15
|RD2-score03-2='''21'''
|RD2-score03-3=17
|RD2-seed04=
|RD2-team04='''{{#invoke:flag||JPN}} [[Shohei Hoshino|S Hoshino]] {{#invoke:flag||JPN}} [[Naomasa Senkyo|N Senkyo]]'''
|RD2-score04-1='''21'''
|RD2-score04-2=17
|RD2-score04-3='''21'''

|RD2-seed05=5/8
|RD2-team05={{#invoke:flag||FRA}} [[Sylvain Grosjean|S Grosjean]] {{#invoke:flag||IRL}} [[Sam Magee|S Magee]]
|RD2-score05-1=19
|RD2-score05-2=13
|RD2-score05-3=
|RD2-seed06=
|RD2-team06='''{{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Rian Agung Saputro|R Saputro]] {{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Yohanes Rendy Sugiarto|Y Sugiarto]]'''
|RD2-score06-1='''21'''
|RD2-score06-2='''21'''
|RD2-score06-3=

|RD2-seed07=
|RD2-team07='''{{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Chen Guorui|Chen GR]] {{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Jeffrey Wong|J Wong]]'''
|RD2-score07-1='''21'''
|RD2-score07-2='''21'''
|RD2-score07-3=
|RD2-seed08=
|RD2-team08={{#invoke:flag||EGY}} [[Ahmed Abdelrahman (badminton)|A Abdelrahman]] {{#invoke:flag||EGY}} [[Ali El Khateeb|A El Khateeb]]
|RD2-score08-1=15
|RD2-score08-2=12
|RD2-score08-3=

|RD3-seed01=1
|RD3-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Mak Hee Chun|Mak HC]] {{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Teo Kok Siang|Teo KS]]'''
|RD3-score01-1='''21'''
|RD3-score01-2=18
|RD3-score01-3='''21'''
|RD3-seed02=
|RD3-team02={{#invoke:flag||JPN}} [[Shohei Hoshino|S Hoshino]] {{#invoke:flag||JPN}} [[Naomasa Senkyo|N Senkyo]]
|RD3-score02-1=13
|RD3-score02-2='''21'''
|RD3-score02-3=13

|RD3-seed03=
|RD3-team03='''{{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Rian Agung Saputro|R Saputro]] {{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Yohanes Rendy Sugiarto|Y Sugiarto]]'''
|RD3-score03-1='''21'''
|RD3-score03-2='''21'''
|RD3-score03-3=
|RD3-seed04=
|RD3-team04={{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Chen Guorui|Chen GR]] {{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Jeffrey Wong|J Wong]]
|RD3-score04-1=13
|RD3-score04-2=15
|RD3-score04-3=

|RD4-seed01=1
|RD4-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Mak Hee Chun|Mak HC]] {{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Teo Kok Siang|Teo KS]]'''
|RD4-score01-1=19
|RD4-score01-2='''21'''
|RD4-score01-3='''21'''
|RD4-seed02=
|RD4-team02={{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Rian Agung Saputro|R Saputro]] {{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Yohanes Rendy Sugiarto|Y Sugiarto]]
|RD4-score02-1='''21'''
|RD4-score02-2=13
|RD4-score02-3=14
}}

====Section 2====
{{#invoke:Bracket|16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
|RD1=First round
|RD2=Second round
|RD3=Third round
|RD4=Quarterfinal

|RD1-seed03=
|RD1-team03='''{{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Huang Po-yi|Huang P-y]] {{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Lu Hsin-hao|Lu H-h]]'''
|RD1-score03-1='''21'''
|RD1-score03-2='''21'''
|RD1-score03-3=
|RD1-seed04=
|RD1-team04={{#invoke:flag||JAM}} [[Gareth Henry|G Henry]] {{#invoke:flag||JAM}} [[Chadwick Parsons|C Parsons]]
|RD1-score04-1=7
|RD1-score04-2=8
|RD1-score04-3=

|RD1-seed05=
|RD1-team05='''{{#invoke:flag||SRI}} [[Chamin Fernando|C Fernando]] {{#invoke:flag||SRI}} [[Dilshan Kariyawasam|D Kariyawasam]]'''
|RD1-score05-1='''21'''
|RD1-score05-2='''21'''
|RD1-score05-3=
|RD1-seed06=
|RD1-team06={{#invoke:flag||AFG}} [[Ghaleb Abed|G Abed]] {{#invoke:flag||AFG}} [[Yousufi Massaud|Y Massaud]]
|RD1-score06-1=10
|RD1-score06-2=8
|RD1-score06-3=

|RD1-seed07=
|RD1-team07={{#invoke:flag||ENG}} G Fox {{#invoke:flag||ENG}} [[Richard Morris (badminton)|R Morris]]
|RD1-score07-1=7r
|RD1-score07-2=
|RD1-score07-3=
|RD1-seed08=
|RD1-team08='''{{#invoke:flag||SCO}} [[Craig Pollock (badminton)|C Pollock]] {{#invoke:flag||SCO}} P van Rietvelde'''
|RD1-score08-1=10
|RD1-score08-2=
|RD1-score08-3=

|RD1-seed11=
|RD1-team11={{#invoke:flag||CZE}} [[Milan Ludík|M Ludík]] {{#invoke:flag||CZE}} [[Marek Teller|M Teller]]
|RD1-score11-1=21
|RD1-score11-2=14
|RD1-score11-3=
|RD1-seed12=
|RD1-team12='''{{#invoke:flag||NZL}} [[Ashraf Dhoray|A Dhoray]] {{#invoke:flag||NZL}} [[Oliver Leydon-Davis|O Leydon-Davis]]'''
|RD1-score12-1='''23'''
|RD1-score12-2='''21'''
|RD1-score12-3=

|RD1-seed13=
|RD1-team13={{#invoke:flag||PAK}} [[Taimur Arab|T Arab]] {{#invoke:flag||PAK}} [[Awais Zahid|A Zahid]]
|RD1-score13-1=18
|RD1-score13-2=21
|RD1-score13-3=
|RD1-seed14=
|RD1-team14='''{{#invoke:flag||CAN}} [[Martin Giuffre|M Guiffre]] {{#invoke:flag||CAN}} [[David Pastewka|D Pastewka]]'''
|RD1-score14-1='''21'''
|RD1-score14-2='''23'''
|RD1-score14-3=

|RD1-seed15=
|RD1-team15='''{{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Sarayuth Saetung|S Saetung]] {{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Sermsin Wongyaporm|S Wongyaporm]]'''
|RD1-score15-1='''21'''
|RD1-score15-2='''21'''
|RD1-score15-3=
|RD1-seed16=
|RD1-team16={{#invoke:flag||FRA}} M Michel {{#invoke:flag||FRA}} [[Thomas Rouxel|T Rouxel]]
|RD1-score16-1=19
|RD1-score16-2=17
|RD1-score16-3=

|RD2-seed01=3/4
|RD2-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||KOR}} [[Kim Dae-eun (badminton)|Kim D-e]] {{#invoke:flag||KOR}} [[Kim Ki-eung|Kim K-e]]'''
|RD2-score01-1='''21'''
|RD2-score01-2='''21'''
|RD2-score01-3=
|RD2-seed02=
|RD2-team02={{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Huang Po-yi|Huang P-y]] {{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Lu Hsin-hao|Lu H-h]]
|RD2-score02-1=14
|RD2-score02-2=13
|RD2-score02-3=

|RD2-seed03=
|RD2-team03={{#invoke:flag||SRI}} [[Chamin Fernando|C Fernando]] {{#invoke:flag||SRI}} [[Dilshan Kariyawasam|D Kariyawasam]]
|RD2-score03-1=7
|RD2-score03-2=12
|RD2-score03-3=
|RD2-seed04=
|RD2-team04='''{{#invoke:flag||SCO}} [[Craig Pollock (badminton)|C Pollock]] {{#invoke:flag||SCO}} P van Rietvelde'''
|RD2-score04-1='''21'''
|RD2-score04-2='''21'''
|RD2-score04-3=

|RD2-seed05=5/8
|RD2-team05='''{{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Li Gen (badminton)|Li G]] {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Zhang Nan (badminton)|Zhang N]]'''
|RD2-score05-1='''23'''
|RD2-score05-2=3
|RD2-score05-3=
|RD2-seed06=
|RD2-team06={{#invoke:flag||NZL}} [[Ashraf Dhoray|A Dhoray]] {{#invoke:flag||NZL}} [[Oliver Leydon-Davis|O Leydon-Davis]]
|RD2-score06-1=21
|RD2-score06-2=4r
|RD2-score06-3=

|RD2-seed07=
|RD2-team07={{#invoke:flag||CAN}} [[Martin Giuffre|M Guiffre]] {{#invoke:flag||CAN}} [[David Pastewka|D Pastewka]]
|RD2-score07-1=9
|RD2-score07-2=9
|RD2-score07-3=
|RD2-seed08=
|RD2-team08='''{{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Sarayuth Saetung|S Saetung]] {{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Sermsin Wongyaporm|S Wongyaporm]]'''
|RD2-score08-1='''21'''
|RD2-score08-2='''21'''
|RD2-score08-3=

|RD3-seed01=3/4
|RD3-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||KOR}} [[Kim Dae-eun (badminton)|Kim D-e]] {{#invoke:flag||KOR}} [[Kim Ki-eung|Kim K-e]]'''
|RD3-score01-1='''21'''
|RD3-score01-2='''21'''
|RD3-score01-3=
|RD3-seed02=
|RD3-team02={{#invoke:flag||SCO}} [[Craig Pollock (badminton)|C Pollock]] {{#invoke:flag||SCO}} P van Rietvelde
|RD3-score02-1=15
|RD3-score02-2=12
|RD3-score02-3=

|RD3-seed03=5/8
|RD3-team03='''{{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Li Gen (badminton)|Li G]] {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Zhang Nan (badminton)|Zhang N]]'''
|RD3-score03-1='''21'''
|RD3-score03-2='''21'''
|RD3-score03-3=
|RD3-seed04=
|RD3-team04={{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Sarayuth Saetung|S Saetung]] {{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Sermsin Wongyaporm|S Wongyaporm]]
|RD3-score04-1=17
|RD3-score04-2=18
|RD3-score04-3=

|RD4-seed01=3/4
|RD4-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||KOR}} [[Kim Dae-eun (badminton)|Kim D-e]] {{#invoke:flag||KOR}} [[Kim Ki-eung|Kim K-e]]'''
|RD4-score01-1=14
|RD4-score01-2='''21'''
|RD4-score01-3='''21'''
|RD4-seed02=5/8
|RD4-team02={{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Li Gen (badminton)|Li G]] {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Zhang Nan (badminton)|Zhang N]]
|RD4-score02-1='''21'''
|RD4-score02-2=19
|RD4-score02-3=11
}}

====Section 3====
{{#invoke:Bracket|16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
|RD1=First round
|RD2=Second round
|RD3=Third round
|RD4=Quarterfinal

|RD1-seed01=
|RD1-team01={{#invoke:flag||AFG}} [[Rashidi Shekib|R Shekib]] {{#invoke:flag||AFG}} [[Kamran Kabir|K Kabir]]
|RD1-score01-1=6
|RD1-score01-2=4
|RD1-score01-3=
|RD1-seed02=
|RD1-team02='''{{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Bodin Isara|B Isara]] {{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Maneepong Jongjit|M Jongjit]]'''
|RD1-score02-1='''21'''
|RD1-score02-2='''21'''
|RD1-score02-3=

|RD1-seed03=
|RD1-team03='''{{#invoke:flag||ENG}} [[Mark Middleton (badminton)|M Middleton]] {{#invoke:flag||ENG}} [[Ben Stawski|B Stawski]]'''
|RD1-score03-1='''21'''
|RD1-score03-2='''21'''
|RD1-score03-3=
|RD1-seed04=
|RD1-team04={{#invoke:flag||TUR}} [[Emre Arslan|E Arslan]] {{#invoke:flag||TUR}} [[Hüseyin Oruç|H Oruç]]
|RD1-score04-1=18
|RD1-score04-2=12
|RD1-score04-3=

|RD1-seed05=
|RD1-team05={{#invoke:flag||MRI}} [[Amit Alleck|A Alleck]] {{#invoke:flag||MRI}} [[Jereme Joson|J Joson]]
|RD1-score05-1=15
|RD1-score05-2=19
|RD1-score05-3=
|RD1-seed06=
|RD1-team06='''{{#invoke:flag||SRI}} [[Nuwan Hettiarachchi|N Hettiarachchi]] {{#invoke:flag||SRI}} [[Nayanakantha Wijesekera|N Wijesekera]]'''
|RD1-score06-1='''21'''
|RD1-score06-2='''21'''
|RD1-score06-3=

|RD1-seed09=
|RD1-team09='''{{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Liao Chun-chieh|Liao C-c]] {{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Liao Kuan-hao|Liao K-h]]'''
|RD1-score09-1='''21'''
|RD1-score09-2='''21'''
|RD1-score09-3=
|RD1-seed10=
|RD1-team10={{#invoke:flag||IRQ}} [[Mohammed Saad (badminton)|M Saad]] {{#invoke:flag||IRQ}} [[Muataz Neamah|M Neamah]]
|RD1-score10-1=5
|RD1-score10-2=9
|RD1-score10-3=

|RD1-seed11=
|RD1-team11='''{{#invoke:flag||BAN}} [[Lal Chand (badminton)|L Chand]] {{#invoke:flag||BAN}} [[Syed Sazzad|S Sazzad]]'''
|RD1-score11-1=10
|RD1-score11-2='''21'''
|RD1-score11-3='''21'''
|RD1-seed12=
|RD1-team12={{#invoke:flag||NEP}} [[Paneru Rajendra|P Rajendra]] {{#invoke:flag||NEP}} [[Tamrakar Sajan|T Sajan]]
|RD1-score12-1='''21'''
|RD1-score12-2=16
|RD1-score12-3=13

|RD1-seed13=
|RD1-team13='''{{#invoke:flag||JPN}} [[Rei Sato (badminton)|R Sato]] {{#invoke:flag||JPN}} S Wada'''
|RD1-score13-1='''21'''
|RD1-score13-2='''21'''
|RD1-score13-3=
|RD1-seed14=
|RD1-team14={{#invoke:flag||PAK}} [[Muhammad Irfan Saeed Bhatti|M Bhatti]] {{#invoke:flag||PAK}} [[Arslan Khan (badminton)|A Khan]]
|RD1-score14-1=9
|RD1-score14-2=11
|RD1-score14-3=

|RD2-seed01=
|RD2-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Bodin Isara|B Isara]] {{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Maneepong Jongjit|M Jongjit]]'''
|RD2-score01-1='''21'''
|RD2-score01-2='''21'''
|RD2-score01-3=
|RD2-seed02=
|RD2-team02={{#invoke:flag||ENG}} [[Mark Middleton (badminton)|M Middleton]] {{#invoke:flag||ENG}} [[Ben Stawski|B Stawski]]
|RD2-score02-1=15
|RD2-score02-2=14
|RD2-score02-3=

|RD2-seed03=
|RD2-team03={{#invoke:flag||SRI}} [[Nuwan Hettiarachchi|N Hettiarachchi]] {{#invoke:flag||SRI}} [[Nayanakantha Wijesekera|N Wijesekera]]
|RD2-score03-1=13
|RD2-score03-2=14
|RD2-score03-3=
|RD2-seed04=5/8
|RD2-team04='''{{#invoke:flag||NED}} [[Jacco Arends|J Arends]] {{#invoke:flag||NED}} [[Jelle Maas|J Maas]]'''
|RD2-score04-1='''21'''
|RD2-score04-2='''21'''
|RD2-score04-3=

|RD2-seed05=
|RD2-team05='''{{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Liao Chun-chieh|Liao C-c]] {{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Liao Kuan-hao|Liao K-h]]'''
|RD2-score05-1='''21'''
|RD2-score05-2='''21'''
|RD2-score05-3=
|RD2-seed06=
|RD2-team06={{#invoke:flag||BAN}} [[Lal Chand (badminton)|L Chand]] {{#invoke:flag||BAN}} [[Syed Sazzad|S Sazzad]]
|RD2-score06-1=4
|RD2-score06-2=11
|RD2-score06-3=

|RD2-seed07=
|RD2-team07={{#invoke:flag||JPN}} [[Rei Sato (badminton)|R Sato]] {{#invoke:flag||JPN}} S Wada
|RD2-score07-1=19
|RD2-score07-2=15
|RD2-score07-3=
|RD2-seed08=3/4
|RD2-team08='''{{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Chai Biao|Chai B]] {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Qiu Zihan|Qiu ZH]]'''
|RD2-score08-1='''21'''
|RD2-score08-2='''21'''
|RD2-score08-3=

|RD3-seed01=
|RD3-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Bodin Isara|B Isara]] {{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Maneepong Jongjit|M Jongjit]]'''
|RD3-score01-1='''21'''
|RD3-score01-2='''21'''
|RD3-score01-3=
|RD3-seed02=5/8
|RD3-team02={{#invoke:flag||NED}} [[Jacco Arends|J Arends]] {{#invoke:flag||NED}} [[Jelle Maas|J Maas]]
|RD3-score02-1=17
|RD3-score02-2=6
|RD3-score02-3=

|RD3-seed03=
|RD3-team03={{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Liao Chun-chieh|Liao C-c]] {{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Liao Kuan-hao|Liao K-h]]
|RD3-score03-1=13
|RD3-score03-2=17
|RD3-score03-3=
|RD3-seed04=3/4
|RD3-team04='''{{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Chai Biao|Chai B]] {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Qiu Zihan|Qiu ZH]]'''
|RD3-score04-1='''21'''
|RD3-score04-2='''21'''
|RD3-score04-3=

|RD4-seed01=
|RD4-team01={{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Bodin Isara|B Isara]] {{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Maneepong Jongjit|M Jongjit]]
|RD4-score01-1=19
|RD4-score01-2='''22'''
|RD4-score01-3=19
|RD4-seed02=3/4
|RD4-team02='''{{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Chai Biao|Chai B]] {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Qiu Zihan|Qiu ZH]]'''
|RD4-score02-1='''21'''
|RD4-score02-2=20
|RD4-score02-3='''21'''
}}

====Section 4====
{{#invoke:Bracket|16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
|RD1=First round
|RD2=Second round
|RD3=Third round
|RD4=Quarterfinal

|RD1-seed01=
|RD1-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Chooi Kah Ming|Chooi KM]] {{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Pang Zheng Lin|Pang ZL]]'''
|RD1-score01-1='''21'''
|RD1-score01-2='''21'''
|RD1-score01-3=
|RD1-seed02=
|RD1-team02={{#invoke:flag||EST}} [[Kristian Kaljurand|K Kaljurand]] {{#invoke:flag||EST}} [[Kristian Taherand|K Taherand]]
|RD1-score02-1=10
|RD1-score02-2=15
|RD1-score02-3=

|RD1-seed03=
|RD1-team03='''{{#invoke:flag||GER}} [[Nico Coldewe|N Coldewe]] {{#invoke:flag||GER}} [[Richard Domke|R Domke]]'''
|RD1-score03-1=15
|RD1-score03-2='''21'''
|RD1-score03-3='''21'''
|RD1-seed04=
|RD1-team04={{#invoke:flag||NZL}} [[James Eunson|J Eunson]] {{#invoke:flag||NZL}} [[Ethan Haggo|E Haggo]]
|RD1-score04-1='''21'''
|RD1-score04-2=13
|RD1-score04-3=18

|RD1-seed05=
|RD1-team05={{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Eugene Sng Jing Feng|E Sng]] {{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Tang Kirk Soon|Tang KS]]
|RD1-score05-1=13
|RD1-score05-2=15
|RD1-score05-3=
|RD1-seed06=
|RD1-team06='''{{#invoke:flag||CAN}} [[Peter Butler (badminton)|P Butler]] {{#invoke:flag||CAN}} [[Geoff Prieur|G Prieur]]'''
|RD1-score06-1='''21'''
|RD1-score06-2='''21'''
|RD1-score06-3=

|RD1-seed09=
|RD1-team09={{#invoke:flag||EGY}} [[Mahmoud El Sayad|M El Sayad]] {{#invoke:flag||EGY}} [[Mohamed Safwat|M Safwat]]
|RD1-score09-1=8
|RD1-score09-2=17
|RD1-score09-3=
|RD1-seed10=
|RD1-team10='''{{#invoke:flag||DEN}} [[Emil Holst|E Holst]] {{#invoke:flag||DEN}} [[Steffen Rasmussen (badminton)|S Rasmussen]]'''
|RD1-score10-1='''21'''
|RD1-score10-2='''21'''
|RD1-score10-3=

|RD1-seed11=
|RD1-team11='''{{#invoke:flag||HKG}} [[Lee Chun Hei|Lee CH]] {{#invoke:flag||HKG}} [[Ng Ka Long|Ng KL]]'''
|RD1-score11-1=19
|RD1-score11-2='''22'''
|RD1-score11-3='''21'''
|RD1-seed12=
|RD1-team12={{#invoke:flag||IND}} [[Pratik Patel|P Patel]] {{#invoke:flag||IND}} [[Aditya Prakash (badminton)|A Prakash]]
|RD1-score12-1='''21'''
|RD1-score12-2=20
|RD1-score12-3=15

|RD1-seed13=
|RD1-team13='''{{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Kevin Alexander (badminton)|K Alexander]] {{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Angga Pratama|A Pratama]]'''
|RD1-score13-1='''22'''
|RD1-score13-2='''21'''
|RD1-score13-3=
|RD1-seed14=
|RD1-team14={{#invoke:flag||RUS}} [[Konstantin Abramov|K Abramov]] {{#invoke:flag||RUS}} Y Egerev
|RD1-score14-1=20
|RD1-score14-2=11
|RD1-score14-3=

|RD2-seed01=
|RD2-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Chooi Kah Ming|Chooi KM]] {{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Pang Zheng Lin|Pang ZL]]'''
|RD2-score01-1='''21'''
|RD2-score01-2=20
|RD2-score01-3='''21'''
|RD2-seed02=
|RD2-team02={{#invoke:flag||GER}} [[Nico Coldewe|N Coldewe]] {{#invoke:flag||GER}} [[Richard Domke|R Domke]]
|RD2-score02-1=14
|RD2-score02-2='''22'''
|RD2-score02-3=15

|RD2-seed03=
|RD2-team03={{#invoke:flag||CAN}} [[Peter Butler (badminton)|P Butler]] {{#invoke:flag||CAN}} [[Geoff Prieur|G Prieur]]
|RD2-score03-1=8
|RD2-score03-2=13
|RD2-score03-3=
|RD2-seed04=5/8
|RD2-team04='''{{#invoke:flag||SCO}} [[Martin Campbell (badminton)|M Campbell]] {{#invoke:flag||SCO}} A Gilmour'''
|RD2-score04-1='''21'''
|RD2-score04-2='''21'''
|RD2-score04-3=

|RD2-seed05=
|RD2-team05='''{{#invoke:flag||DEN}} [[Emil Holst|E Holst]] {{#invoke:flag||DEN}} [[Steffen Rasmussen (badminton)|S Rasmussen]]'''
|RD2-score05-1='''21'''
|RD2-score05-2='''21'''
|RD2-score05-3=
|RD2-seed06=
|RD2-team06={{#invoke:flag||HKG}} [[Lee Chun Hei|Lee CH]] {{#invoke:flag||HKG}} [[Ng Ka Long|Ng KL]]
|RD2-score06-1=9
|RD2-score06-2=12
|RD2-score06-3=

|RD2-seed07=
|RD2-team07={{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Kevin Alexander (badminton)|K Alexander]] {{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Angga Pratama|A Pratama]]
|RD2-score07-1='''21'''
|RD2-score07-2=14
|RD2-score07-3=13
|RD2-seed08=2
|RD2-team08='''{{#invoke:flag||KOR}} [[Choi Young-woo|Choi Y-w]] {{#invoke:flag||KOR}} [[Kim Gi-jung|Kim G-j]]'''
|RD2-score08-1=19
|RD2-score08-2='''21'''
|RD2-score08-3='''21'''

|RD3-seed01=
|RD3-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Chooi Kah Ming|Chooi KM]] {{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Pang Zheng Lin|Pang ZL]]'''
|RD3-score01-1=19
|RD3-score01-2='''21'''
|RD3-score01-3='''21'''
|RD3-seed02=5/8
|RD3-team02={{#invoke:flag||SCO}} [[Martin Campbell (badminton)|M Campbell]] {{#invoke:flag||SCO}} A Gilmour
|RD3-score02-1='''21'''
|RD3-score02-2=15
|RD3-score02-3=17

|RD3-seed03=
|RD3-team03='''{{#invoke:flag||DEN}} [[Emil Holst|E Holst]] {{#invoke:flag||DEN}} [[Steffen Rasmussen (badminton)|S Rasmussen]]'''
|RD3-score03-1='''22'''
|RD3-score03-2=9
|RD3-score03-3='''21'''
|RD3-seed04=2
|RD3-team04={{#invoke:flag||KOR}} [[Choi Young-woo|Choi Y-w]] {{#invoke:flag||KOR}} [[Kim Gi-jung|Kim G-j]]
|RD3-score04-1=20
|RD3-score04-2='''21'''
|RD3-score04-3=18

|RD4-seed01=
|RD4-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Chooi Kah Ming|Chooi KM]] {{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Pang Zheng Lin|Pang ZL]]'''
|RD4-score01-1='''21'''
|RD4-score01-2='''21'''
|RD4-score01-3=
|RD4-seed02=
|RD4-team02={{#invoke:flag||DEN}} [[Emil Holst|E Holst]] {{#invoke:flag||DEN}} [[Steffen Rasmussen (badminton)|S Rasmussen]]
|RD4-score02-1=15
|RD4-score02-2=8
|RD4-score02-3=
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2008 BWF World Junior Championships| ]]

Mooknayak

2025-10-12T21:44:58Z

RaymondLoewentha: created some data more to come

{{Short description|Marathi newspaper}}
{{Distinguish|The Mooknayak}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = ''Mooknayak''
| image = Cover_page_of_Dr._Babasaheb_Ambedkar's_'Mooknayak'.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = The masthead of the first issue of ‘Mooknayak’<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.forwardpress.in/2020/01/100-years-of-the-launch-of-mooknayak/ |title=100 Years of the launch of Mooknayak |date=29 January 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref>
| type = [[Weekly newspaper]]
<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/list-of-books-written-by-dr-bhimrao-ambedkar-1519194502-1 |title=List of Books Written by Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar |date=6 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>
| format =
| founded = {{Start date|1920|1|31|df=yes}}
<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/48768/1/Block-4.pdf |title=Page 18 - 14.6.1 Mooknayak |language=en-US}}</ref>
| ceased_publication = {{End date|1923|4|df=yes}}
<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/48768/1/Block-4.pdf |title=Page 18 - 14.6.1 Mooknayak |language=en-US}}</ref>
| circulation =
| headquarters = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| political_position =
| editor =
| founder = [[B. R. Ambedkar]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/editorial/ravivar-mata/100-years-of-the-makers-of-mukuneka/articleshow/68865388.cms |title=100 years of the makers of 'mukuneka' |language=en-US}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00ambedkar/timeline/1920s.html |title=Columbia Edu Dr. Ambedkar's Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>
| language = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
}}

[[File:A page of the paper 'Mooknayak' - The Leader of the Dumbs. First paper started in 1920 by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar that vanguarded the glorious Ambedkarite Movement in India.jpg|thumb|Mooknayak Cover, First Issue]]

'''Mooknayak''' (Marathi: मूकनायक; lit. "the Leader of Voiceless" or "The Hero of the Dumb") was a [[Marathi language|Marathi]] fortnightly newspaper founded by [[B. R. Ambedkar]] in 1920.<ref name="The Wire 2020">{{cite web | title=100 Years of Mooknayak, Ambedkar's First Newspaper that Changed Dalit Politics Forever | website=The Wire | date=31 Jan 2020 | url=https://thewire.in/media/mooknayak-ambedkar-newspaper | access-date=16 May 2023}}</ref> The newspaper aimed to reveal the pain and rebellion of society.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/editorial/ravivar-mata/100-years-of-the-makers-of-mukuneka/articleshow/68865388.cms |title=100 years of the makers of 'mukuneka' |language=en-US}}</ref> The first issue of Mooknayak was published on 31 January 1920. This paper was published from Mumbai. An educated youth of [[Mahar]] caste named Pandurang Nandram Bhatkar edited this Newspaper. Because Ambedkar was working as a professor in Sydenham College. Therefore, he could not work as an editor openly. So he appointed Gyandev Dhruvanath Gholap as the manager of Mooknayak. Ambedkar himself wrote the foreword in the first issue titled 'Manogat'. He also wrote articles in the next thirteen issues. Chhatrapati Rajarshi [[Shahu of Kolhapur]] had given financial assistance of Rs 2,500 for Mooknayak. Ambedkar published Mooknayak in the [[Marathi language|Marathi]] language, Because [[Marathi language]] was the common language or folk language of that time and B. R. Ambedkar's area of work was [[Maharashtra]]. Also at that time the [[Dalit]] people of Maharashtra were not very educated, they could only understand [[Marathi language|Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://velivada.com/2018/03/28/dr-ambedkar-as-a-journalist/ |title=Dr. Ambedkar as a Journalist |date=28 March 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.forwardpress.in/2017/07/vartma-ke-sandrbh-men-ambedkar-ki-patrakarita-ka-mahatv/ |title=वर्तमान के सन्दर्भ में आंबेडकर की पत्रकारिता का महत्त्व |date=5 July 2017 |language=hi-IN}}</ref><ref name="Narain 2021 p. 365">{{cite book | last=Narain | first=S. | title=Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: Innovative Multi-Directional Reformist for Indian Lives | publisher=Notion Press | year=2021 | isbn=978-1-68538-924-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ARtPEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT365 | access-date=16 May 2023 | page=365}}</ref>

The main objective of this [[Newspaper]] was to raise the voice of [[Dalit]], poor and oppressed people to the government and other public. For that, [[B. R. Ambedkar]] in his writings highlighted the injustice being done to the excluded [[Untouchability|untouchable]] community and suggested some measures to the then [[British government]] for the upliftment of that community. He always felt that for the salvation or development of the [[Untouchability|untouchables]], it was necessary for the [[Untouchability|untouchables]] to acquire [[political]] power and educational knowledge. On 5 July 1920, Ambedkar left for London for further education. Then from 31 July 1920, the post of editor of Mooknayak came to Dnyaneshwar Dhruvanath Gholap.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gaikwad |first=Dr. Dnyanraj Kashinath |title=Mahamanav Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar |publisher=Riya Publication |year=2016 |isbn= |location= |pages=102 |language=Marathi}}</ref>

Currently 19 issues of Mooknayak are available. [[Ambedkar]] wrote ideologically in it.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mahanews.gov.in/Home/FrontMantralayDetails.aspx?str=utYf%2FMWKOh8%3D |title=डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकर एक बहुआयामी व्यक्तीमत्त्व - डॉ. गंगाधर पानतावणे |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103210546/https://www.mahanews.gov.in/Home/FrontMantralayDetails.aspx?str=utYf%2FMWKOh8%3D |archive-date=2019-01-03 |language=Mr-IN}}</ref> Mooknayak created awareness that the [[Untouchability|untouchables]] should create a stronger position in the political sphere as well as in the social and religious spheres. 'Mooknayak' newspaper had various thoughts, current affairs, excerpts from selected letters, Kshem, Samachar, Kushal question, and Shela Pagot. Mooknayak closed in April 1923.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mahanews.gov.in/Home/FrontMantralayDetails.aspx?str=utYf%2FMWKOh8%3D |title=डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकर एक बहुआयामी व्यक्तीमत्त्व - डॉ. गंगाधर पानतावणे |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103210546/https://www.mahanews.gov.in/Home/FrontMantralayDetails.aspx?str=utYf%2FMWKOh8%3D |archive-date=2019-01-03 |language=Mr-IN}}</ref>

== First Issue ==
[[File:MookNayak_(Mute_Hero_-_1920)_and_Bahishkrit_Bharat_(India_Ostracised_-_1927)_were_two_Marathi_journals_edited_by_Dr._Babasaheb_Ambedkar.jpg|right|thumb|305x305px|The two fortnights started by Babasaheb Mooknayak and Behishkrit Bharat]]
[[Babasaheb Ambedkar]] said, "For any movement to succeed, it must have a newspaper. A movement without a newspaper is like a wingless party." This newspaper created awareness among the untouchables and made them aware of their rights. The following verses of Sant [[Tukaram]] were printed on it as titles to explain the mission policy of Mooknayak.

:: ''काय करून आता धरुनिया भीड |''
:: ''निःशक हे तोड वाजविले ||१||''
:: ''नव्हे जगी कोण मुकियाचा जाण |''
:: ''सार्थक लाजोनी नव्हे हित ||२||''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.esakal.com/blog/dr-br-ambedkar-worked-liberating-india-journalist-blog-written-priyanka-deshmukh-381579 |title='मुकनायका'ने, 'बहिष्कृत भारता' तील, 'जनते' ला, दिली 'प्रबुद्ध भारता' ची दीक्षा |date=6 December 2020 |language=mr-IN}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:B. R. Ambedkar]]
[[Category:Dalit]]
[[Category:Marathi-language newspapers]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Abolitionist newspapers]]
[[Category:Biweekly journals]]
[[Category:Newspapers established in 1920]]

Miit (TV series)

2025-09-22T03:46:48Z

RaymondLoewentha: Enhanced content and organization

{{more citations needed|date=June 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Miittvseries.jpg
| caption = A promotional logo image of "Miit".
| runtime = approx. 24 minutes
| creator =
| director = [[Anurag Basu]]
| producer = Subhroto Bose & Deepshikha Bose
| starring = [[Miit (TV series)#Cast|See below]]
| opentheme =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| network = [[Zee TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2003|1|19|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/jan/jan30.htm|title=Balaji's 'Kohi Apna Sa' to end run on Zee from 15 Jan|date=2003-01-07|website= Indian Television Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2020-09-03}}</ref>
| last_aired = {{end date|2003|10|8|df=y}}
| num_episodes = 152
}}

'''''Miit''''' is a Hindi-language Indian television series that aired on [[Zee TV]] channel from 19 January 2003<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/jan/jan30.htm|title=Balaji's 'Kohi Apna Sa' to end run on Zee from 15 Jan|date=2003-01-07|website= Indian Television Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2020-09-03}}</ref> to 8 October 2003 from Sunday to Wednesday. The show is based on the novel ''Noukadubi'', written by the Indian poet [[Rabindranath Tagore]] in 1905.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030316/spectrum/tv.htm|title=A Classic Re-told|publisher=Tribune India|date=2002-03-16}}</ref> It follows the concept of mistaken identities, where a woman is thought to be someone who died in a train mishap.

== Concept ==
The story is based on the lives of two couples: Akash and Shruti, and Sankalp and Aastha. Destiny plays a strange trick on them and their lives become hopelessly intertwined.

Sankalp and Shruti are doctors working in the same hospital. Sankalp feels attracted to Shruti. However, he withdraws when he learns that Shruti has a boyfriend named Akash. Shruti and Akash come from very different backgrounds; so, their families object to their relationship. But the lovers are determined to be together. Meanwhile, Sankalp goes to attend the wedding of Aastha, his best friend Alok's sister. However, certain circumstances arise to cancel the wedding. Then Sankalp offers to marry Aastha, even though he has never had even a glimpse of her face. In the meantime, Shruti's family members pressurize her to marry a man of their choice. A dejected Akash, thinking that he has lost Shruti, agrees to marry a girl, Nupur, chosen by his parents. Meanwhile, Shruti rejects the alliance proposed by her family.

On a fateful night, Akash and Sankalp, respectively accompanied by their newly-wedded wives, Nupur and Aastha, board the train. Neither husband has yet seen his wife's face. Both brides are wearing red wedding dresses, their faces covered with veils. As luck would have it, the trains in which these couples are riding collide and there is a terrible crash. Both Sankalp and Akash survive and start searching for their wives. On one hand, Sankalp finds Nupur’s dead body and mistakes it for that of Aastha. He claims the body and performs the final rites. Unfortunately, Akash’s father and other relatives are dead. Akash finds an unconscious Aastha, and mistakes her for his wife Nupur. He takes her to the nearest hospital. After several hours Aastha gains consciousness but suffers from memory loss. Akash takes Aastha home and nurses her devotedly. Soon, he learns that Aastha is not his wife.

In the meantime, Shruti and Akash meet again. They are overjoyed to know that they are still single and free to be with each other. However, Shruti sees Aastha and begins to doubt Akash's loyalty. Sankalp consoles Shruti and she begins to trust him more as time passes. Aastha still remembers nothing; she believes that she is Nupur and Akash is her husband; she becomes emotionally attached to him.

== Cast ==
* [[Vikas Bhalla]] as Akash
* [[Deepa Parab]] as Aastha / Nupur / Anjali
* [[Hiten Tejwani]] as Akash
* Rajsingh Verma [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm2324758/bio] as Dr. Sankalp
* Preeti Mehra as Dr. Shruti
* [[Aashish Kaul]] as Dr. Alok
* [[Uday Tikekar]] as Dinesh
* [[Neelu Kohli]] as Dr. Shruti's mother

== References ==
<references/>

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|1004884|Miit}}

[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Zee TV original programming]]
[[Category:2003 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2003 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Adaptations of works by Rabindranath Tagore]]

National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights

2025-09-08T13:53:10Z

RaymondLoewentha: Improved structure and clarity

{{Short description|Organisation in India}}
{{one source|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
'''National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights''' ('''NCDHR'''), founded in 1998, now comprises four operational strands, each working to eradicate [[caste]]-based discrimination against [[Dalit]]s in India. It is based in [[Delhi]] and has chapters elsewhere in the country. It has stated its aims to be achieving greater visibility for Dalit issues and holding the state, in the form of its [[criminal justice system]], accountable for its alleged failures.

== Operation ==
Founded in 1998 by Dalit rights and human rights activists in response to a perceived lack of enforcement of the [[Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989]], the NCDHR had chapters in 14 of India's states by 2003. Its early stated aims were to raise visibility of Dalit issues both to an Indian and international audience and to hold the state accountable for its alleged failures to dispense fair justice in the criminal justice system.<ref name="about"/>

After nearly a decade of existence, the NCDHR established four campaigns, each targeted at different aspects of discrimination. Called the Dalit Arthik Adhikar Andolan (DAAA), All India Dalit Mahila Adhikar Manch (AIDMAM), National Federation of Dalit Land Rights Movements (NFDLRM) and National Dalit Movement for Justice (NDMJ)<ref name="about">{{cite web |url=http://www.ncdhr.org.in/ncdhr2/aboutncdhr |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721180920/http://www.ncdhr.org.in/ncdhr2/aboutncdhr |archivedate=2011-07-21 |title=About NCHDR |publisher=NCDHR}}</ref> these strands were, according to the [[Rafto Foundation]], respectively intended to address:<ref name="rafto">{{cite web|url=https://www.rafto.no/the-rafto-prize/national-campaign-on-dalit-human-rights|title=The Rafto Prize: Laureate 2007|publisher=Rafto Foundation|accessdate=2019-01-28|archive-date=8 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208105846/https://www.rafto.no/the-rafto-prize/national-campaign-on-dalit-human-rights|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* promotion of economic, social, educational and cultural rights
* promotion of the rights of Dalit women, who often suffer double discrimination as Dalits and as women, and caste-based violence
* coordination of efforts to secure land rights and livelihoods for Dalits, and to secure proper legal responses and financial remedies for survivor and victims of violence and other violations
* documentation and mitigation of the vulnerability of Dalits in disaster preparedness and response

Around the same time, the NCDHR began to identify, promote and support co-operation between other Dalit-operated organisations.<ref name="about"/>

Shortly after adopting this organisational structure, in 2009, the National Dalit Watch (NDW) was set up. It followed from an extensive study conducted on the [[2004 tsunami]] and later of massive [[2008 Bihar flood|flooding in Bihar]] (2007–08), which NCDHR said highlighted caste-based discrimination in rescue programmes during disasters. Since its inception, various tools and methods have been designed to identify, expose and document caste-based discrimination and used the experiences of the people to influence disaster management guidelines by central government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.preventionweb.net/organizations/15096|title=National Dalit Watch of National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights (NDW-NCDHR)|publisher=PreventionWeb|accessdate=2019-01-28|archive-date=29 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129181916/https://www.preventionweb.net/organizations/15096|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
The NCDHR was awarded the [[Thorolf Rafto Memorial Prize|Rafto Prize]] in 2007 for its work in promoting Dalit rights and for kindling conversations about the issue internationally. It has worked internationally with organisations such as the [[United Nations]] and the [[International Dalit Solidarity Network]].<ref name="rafto"/>

== See also ==
*[[Paul Diwakar]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{official website|http://www.ncdhr.org.in}}

[[Category:Dalit]]
[[Category:Human rights]]
[[Category:1998 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Ambedkarite organisations]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Delhi]]

Chavda (surname)

2025-09-02T10:59:46Z

RaymondLoewentha: Started new post

'''Chavda''' or '''Chawda''' is an Indian [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] surname, mostly found among the [[Rajput]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singhji |first1=Virbhadra |title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra |date=1994 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-546-9 |pages=33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&q=chavda&pg=PA33 |access-date=14 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Katia,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&dq=Chavda+surname+of&pg=PA1417 |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |pages=1416 |language=en}}</ref> [[Rabari]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gida |first1=Seema |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rbLfAAAAMAAJ&q=Chawda+surname |title=Folk Tales of Saurashtra |last2=Sinroja |first2=Amee |last3=Shah |first3=Nila |date=1997 |publisher=Creative Books |isbn=978-81-86318-48-5 |pages=105 |language=en |quote=How many surnames do the rabaris' have ?""By surname, you mean branches, isn't it so ? There are more than seventy six branches like Chauhan, Gohel, Parmar, Jadav, Rathod, '''Chavda''', Koditar, Darsar, Gohil, Solanki, Shamla, Shelana, Muchal, Kalotra, Khambhla, Juyad and many others".}}</ref> and [[Ahir]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Enthoven |first=Reginald Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FoT6gPrbTp8C&dq=Chavda+surname&pg=PA17 |title=The Tribes and Castes of Bombay |date=1990 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0630-2 |pages=17 |language=en |quote=In the case of the Cutch and Kathiawar Ahirs, there appear to Exo- be no exogamous sub-divisions except families bearing the same divisions. surname. The following is a list of the commonest surnames:- Abalia, Baradia, Bhadarka, Bhadia, Bhenda, Bhibha, Bhoria, Bhuthar, '''Chavda''', Chetaria, Chhuchar, Chudásame, Gagia, Gogham, Gohel, Goria, Jogal, Kachhot, Kámalia, Kanára, Khava, Khunti, Nandánia, Pidaria, Pithia, Rávaliya, Sanjva, Sindhav, Sisotia, Vádhia, Vasra and Vijva.}}</ref> [[Mestri (community)|Mestri]], [[Kadia Kshatriya]], Muslim caste groups based in the Indian states of the [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]].

== Notables ==
Some individuals who bear the Chavda as their surname;

*[[Shiavax Chavda]] Indian painter, illustrator and muralist
*[[Akbarbhai Chavda]] Indian politicians
*[[Ashok Chavda]] Gujarati poet
*[[Jawaharbhai Chavda]] Indian politicians
*[[Amit Chavda]] Indian politicians
*[[Vinodbhai Chavda]] Indian politicians
*[[Harisinh Pratapsinh Chavda]] Indian politicians
*[[Zohraben Chavda]] Indian politicians
*[[Ishwarbhai Chavda]] Indian politicians
*[[C. J. Chavda]] Indian politicians
*[[Kishansinh Chavda]] Indian politicians
*[[Neha Chavda]] Indian Cricketer
*[[Bharat Chawda]] Indian actor
*[[Khora Ramji Chawda]] Indian railway contractor

==See also==
*[[Chavda (disambiguation)]]
*[[Chavda dynasty]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Surnames|Chavda|Chawda}}

[[Category:Surnames]]

Sangbad Lahari

2025-08-26T11:00:57Z

RaymondLoewentha: Page updated with additional details

{{Short description|Indian newspaper}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{italic title}}
'''''Sangbad Lahari''''' ({{langx|bn|সংবাদ লহরী}}) was a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] daily newspaper published from [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]], India. Sangbad Lahari was launched in 2009 in Guwahati and later its Meghalaya edition was started in July, 2011. It was Meghalaya's first Bengali newspaper.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=apr0114/city05|title=Protest over closure of Bengali daily|website=assamtribune dot com|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-date=1 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701025503/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=apr0114%2Fcity05|url-status=dead}}</ref> The owner of the newspaper was Shillong Times Pvt Ltd, Meghalaya.

Management has decided to close down the publication of Sangbad Lahari from 1 April 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://spnewsagency.com/meghalayas-first-bengali-newspaper-sangbad-lahari-close-down/|title=Meghalaya's first Bengali newspaper Sangbad Lahari close down|website=spnewsagency dot com|access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Newspapers in India}}

[[Category:Bengali-language newspapers published in India]]
[[Category:Newspapers established in 2009]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Mass media in Guwahati]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Assam]]

{{India-newspaper-stub}}

Samuel John

2025-08-16T04:08:06Z

RaymondLoewentha: new the biography basic info

{{Short description|Indian actor and theatre activist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Samuel John
| image = SamuelJohn.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|04|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Village Dhilwan, Faridkot district, Punjab, India
| birth_name =
| othername =
| yearsactive = 1990–present
| spouse =
| children = 1 daughter
| height =
| occupation = Actor and Theatre activist
| awards =
|signature=
|signature_alt=
}}
'''Samuel John''' is an Indian actor and theatre activist. He played the role of the protagonist in the National Award-winning Punjabi film, ''[[Anhe Ghore Da Daan]].'' He recently played a role in Punjabi movie ''[[Munda Hi Chahida]]'' as the father of Dharmender ([[Harish Verma]]) .<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Chandigarh/Stars-extraordinaire/Article1-980019.aspx | archive-url = https://archive.today/20131213132330/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Chandigarh/Stars-extraordinaire/Article1-980019.aspx |url-status=dead | archive-date = 2013-12-13 | title = Stars Extraordinaire | author = Usmeet Kaur |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] | date = 2012-12-24 }}</ref>

The highly acclaimed film ''[[Anhe Ghore Da Daan]]'' (English: Alms for a Blind Horse) won National Awards for Best Direction, Cinematography and Best Feature Film in Punjabi at the 59th National Film Awards of India.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://greatwalloffilms.com/anhe-ghore-da-daan-alms-for-a-blind-horse/ | title = Anhe Ghore Da Daan – Alms for a Blind Horse | publisher = Great Wall of Films | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131215165944/http://greatwalloffilms.com/anhe-ghore-da-daan-alms-for-a-blind-horse/ | archivedate = 2013-12-15 }}</ref>

==Biography==
Born and brought up in the village of [[Dhilwan Kalan|Dhilwan]] near [[Faridkot, Punjab]], Samuel John did his graduation in humanities from Kotkapura and then post-graduation in Theatre and Television from [[Punjabi University]], [[Patiala]]. He works with his small group, Peoples' Theatre, Lehragaga, to stage plays mostly in rural areas of Punjab.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.sunday-guardian.com/investigation/samuel-brings-theatre-back-to-punjab-villages | title = Samuel brings theatre back to Punjab villages | author = Jatinder Preet | publisher = [[The Sunday Guardian]] | date = 2013-03-09 | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | access-date = 13 December 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023926/http://www.sunday-guardian.com/investigation/samuel-brings-theatre-back-to-punjab-villages | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Theatre==
Samuel acted in a single actor play ''Jooth'' based on autobiography of [[Om Prakash Valmiki]], adapted in Punjabi by Balram. First staged by ''Media Artists'', the play has had many shows thereafter.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060613/ldh2.htm| title = Theatre Workshop for Children | work = [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] | date = 2006-06-12 }}</ref> Samuel also directed for ''Media Artists'', the Punjabi adaptation of Shakespeare's ''[[Macbeth]]'' by Balram.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040630/cth2.htm| title = Exposing rural Punjabis to Shakespeare magic | author = Aditi Tandon | work = [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] | date = 2004-06-30 }}</ref> Other notable plays that he has directed or acted in, include, ''Maat Lok'', ''Tain Ki Dard Na Aaya'', ''Ghasia Hoia Aadmi'' and ''Baagan Da Raakha''.
Samuel John is the founder of Peoples theatre Lehragaga. The group is active in rural areas of Punjab touring around with its body of plays, generally staging in the street corners.

==Movies==
* ''[[Dhoondte Reh Jaaoge! (1998 film)|Dhoondte Reh Jaoge!]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Anhe Ghore Da Daan]]'' (2011)
* ''Aatu Khoji'' (short film) (2010)
* ''[[Police in Pollywood]]'' (2014)
* Asees (Punjabi Movie) (2018)
* TAKKHI (short film) (2018)
* [[Munda Hi Chahida]] (Punjabi Movie) (2019)
* [[Kaali Khuhi]] (2020)
==Web series==
* [[Kohrra]] (2023)

==References==
<references />

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:John, Samuel}}
[[Category:Male actors in Punjabi cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Punjabi University alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]