https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=RanehospitalBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-17T15:12:01ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kushal_Badrike&diff=511302Kushal Badrike2026-05-08T05:53:04Z<p>Ranehospital: </p>
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<div>{{Short description|Indian actor and comedian}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Kushal Badrike<br />
| image =<br />
| caption = Badrike in 2021<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1982|07|20}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Chala Hawa Yeu Dya actress Shreya Budge wishes BFF and comedian Kushal Badrike on his birthday today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/chala-hawa-yeu-dya-actress-shreya-budge-wishes-bff-and-comedian-kushal-badrike-on-his-birthday-today/articleshow/77066407.cms |access-date=17 August 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=20 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kushal Badrike: Movies, Photos, Videos, News, Biography & Birthday &#124; Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Kushal-Badrike |access-date=17 August 2024 |publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=माझ्या आयुष्यातला 'जीवनावश्यक'; बर्थ डे बॉय कुशलसाठी श्रेयानं लिहिली भन्नाट पोस्ट|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/shreya-bugde-share-birthday-post-for-friend-and-actor-kushal-badrike/articleshow/77061840.cms|access-date=2021-01-01|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Chala Hawa Yeu Dya actress Shreya Budge wishes BFF and comedian Kushal Badrike on his birthday today - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/chala-hawa-yeu-dya-actress-shreya-budge-wishes-bff-and-comedian-kushal-badrike-on-his-birthday-today/articleshow/77066407.cms|access-date=2021-01-01|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref><br />
| birth_place = [[Kolhapur]], [[Maharashtra]]<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| occupation = Actor<br />
| years_active = 2005–present<br />
| known_for = ''[[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]'' <br/> ''[[Fu Bai Fu (TV series)|Fu Bai Fu]]''<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Sunaina Badrike|2009}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-20|title=Kushal Badrike special marriage and Love story|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/BOL-MB-IFTM-kushal-badrike-birthday-special-story-his-love-story-5920836-PHO.html/|access-date=2021-01-01|website=Divya Marathi|language=mr}}</ref><br />
| partner = <br />
}}<br />
'''Kushal Badrike''' (born 20 July 1982) is a Marathi film, television and stage actor along with being a Hindi television actor, notable for his comic roles in India. He is best known for his comedy skits in ''[[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=कुशल बद्रिकेच्या आयुष्याशी निगडीत एक छोटी गोष्ट...!! एकदा पाहाच हा व्हिडीओ|url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/kushal-badrike-share-corona-song-watch-video/|access-date=2021-01-01|website=[[Lokmat]]|language=mr-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kushal Badrike's Bharud Viral|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/chala-hava-yeu-dya-fame-actor-kushal-badrike-make-bharud-song-on-coronavirus-for-spread-awareness/articleshow/74859709.cms|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=चौकटीबाहेरचा माणूस Kushal Badrike{{!}} Saamana (सामना)|url=https://www.saamana.com/kushal-badrike/|access-date=2021-01-01|website=[[Saamana]]|language=en-US}}</ref> He played role of Shridhar Mahajan in the Colors Marathi's daily soap Asa Saasar Surekh Bai. He also works in the web series known as Struggler Saala, available on YouTube.{{Citation needed|date=March 2026}}<br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Kushal married to Sunaina Badrike, a kathak dancer.<ref>{{Cite web|title='सुनैना बद्रिके यांचे कथक क्लासेस' आहे काय? {{!}} Sunaina Badrike Kathak Classes|url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/what-is-sunaina-badrike-kathak-classes-the-ad-by-kushal-badrike-in-chala-hawa-yeu-dya-116764.html|access-date=2021-01-01|website=TV9 Marathi|language=mr-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=कॉमेडी स्टार कुशल बद्रिकेच्या पत्नीविषयी 'हे' माहित्येय का?|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/kushal-badrike-and-wife-sunaina-badrike-lovestory/articleshow/74192293.cms|access-date=2021-01-01|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-12|title=विनोदवीर कुशल बद्रिके आणि सुनैनाची प्रेमकहाणी|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/kushal-badrike-and-sunaina-badrikes-love-story/382833|access-date=2021-01-01|website=[[Zee 24 Taas]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Dance And Eat Pizza': Kushal Badrike's Note For Wife Leaving For US |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/dance-and-eat-pizza-kushal-badrikes-note-for-wife-leaving-for-us-7883875.html |access-date=17 August 2024 |work=News18 |publisher=Network18 Media and Investments Ltd 2024 |date=22 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Kushal has started his career from Marathi plays like Jaago Mohan Pyare and Lali Leela. Some of his hit movies like [[Jatra: Hyalagaad Re Tyalagaad|Jatra]], Maza Navra Tuzi Bayko, Huppa Huiyya, Bhaucha Dhakka, etc.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} He also played a role in a web series Struggler Saala.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Struggler Saala' Finale Trailer Out Now: Santosh Juvekar Shares The Excitement On Instagram|url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/struggler-saala-finale-trailer-out-now-santosh-juvekar-shares-the-excitement-on-instagram/5d4d5ec25203ad3741452ca6|access-date=2021-01-01|website=spotboyE|language=en-US}}</ref> He participated in the comedy reality show [[Fu Bai Fu (TV series)|Fu Bai Fu]] which was aired on [[Zee Marathi]]. Currently, he working in comedy talk show ''[[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]'' from 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chala Hawa Yeu Dya's shoot resumes; actors Shreya Bugde, Kushal Badrike and Bhau Kadam share their excitement with fans - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/chala-hawa-yeu-dyas-shoot-resumes-actors-shreya-bugde-kushal-badrike-and-bhau-kadam-share-their-excitement-with-fans/articleshow/76893703.cms|access-date=2021-01-01|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Hindi Television===<br />
He is starring in [[Madness Machayenge – India Ko Hasayenge|Madness Macheyenge - India Ko Hasayenge]] (transl. Will Create Madness - Will Make India Laugh) an Indian comedy show on Sony Entertainment Television which premiered on 9 March 2024 alongside [[Huma Qureshi]], Harsh Gujral, Kettan Singh, Paritosh Tripathi, Gaurav Dubey, [[Siddharth Sagar]], [[Hemangi Kavi]], Snehil Mehra, Inder Sahni, and Ankita Shrivastav.<ref>{{cite news |title=Comedian Kushal Badrike: I'm deeply grateful to Madness Machayenge – India Ko Hasayenge for allowing me to showcase my talent|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/comedian-kushal-badrike-im-deeply-grateful-to-madness-machayenge-india-ko-hasayenge-for-allowing-me-to-showcase-my-talent/articleshow/111464183.cms |website=Times of India |date=3 July 2024 |publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd|access-date=17 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Maharashtrachi Hasya Jatra Comedian Gaurav More Joins Madness Machayenge? What We Know |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/maharashtrachi-hasya-jatra-comedian-gaurav-more-joins-madness-machayenge-what-we-know-8852246.html |website=News 18 |date=15 April 2024 |publisher=Cable News Network LP, LLLP. A Time Warner Company. |access-date=17 August 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
=== Films ===<br />
* ''Friendship Dot Com'' -2006<br />
* ''[[Jatra: Hyalagaad Re Tyalagaad|Jatra]]'' - 2006<br />
* ''Waras Sarech Saras'' - 2006<br />
* ''[[Bakula Namdeo Ghotale]]'' - 2007<br />
* ''Majha Navra Tujhi Bayko'' - 2006<br />
* ''Huppa Huiyya'' - 2010<br />
* ''Davpech'' - 2010<br />
* ''Bhaucha Dhakka'' - 2011<br />
* ''Khel Mandala'' - 2012<br />
* ''Eka Varchad Ek'' - 2012<br />
* ''Ek Hota Kau'' - 2014<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spruha Joshi, Kushal Badrike In 'Ek Hota Kau' – Exclusive Interview- Bioscope Marathi Movie|url=https://www.loksatta.com/videos/manoranjan/1130794/spruha-joshi-kushal-badrike-in-ek-hota-kau-exclusive-interview-bioscope-marathi-movie/|access-date=2021-01-01|website=[[Loksatta]]|language=mr-IN}}</ref><br />
* ''Love Factor'' - 2014<br />
* ''Bioscope'' - 2015<br />
* ''[[Slam Book (film)|Slam Book]]'' - 2015<br />
* ''Barayan'' - 2018<br />
* ''Loose Control'' - 2018<br />
* ''Hichyasathi Kay Pan'' - 2018<br />
* ''[[Gavthi]]'' - 2018<br />
* ''[[Rampaat]]'' - 2019<br />
* ''Zol Zaal'' - 2020<br />
* ''[[Pandu (film)|Pandu]]'' - 2021<br />
* ''Bhirkit'' - 2022<br />
* ''[[Ravrambha]]'' - 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=एबीपी माझा एंटरटेनमेंट |date=2023-04-10 |title=कुशल बद्रिके पहिल्यांदाच साकारणार नकारात्मक भूमिका |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/kushal-badrike-will-play-the-role-of-kurbatkhan-in-the-movie-ravrambha-1166728 |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref><br />
* ''[[Baap Manus]]'' - 2023<ref>{{Cite news |title=Week That Was! Pushkar Jog's 'Baap Manus' to Riteish Deshmukh 'Ved' - here's what made headlines |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/week-that-was-pushkar-jogs-baap-manus-to-riteish-deshmukh-ved-heres-what-made-headlines/photostory/98051052.cms?from=mdr&from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-18 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
* ''[[Super Duperr]]'' - 2026<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
* ''[[Fu Bai Fu (TV series)|Fu Bai Fu]]'' as various role<br />
* ''[[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]'' as various role<br />
* ''Shubham Karoti''<br />
* ''Malwani Days''<br />
* ''[[Tujhyat Jeev Rangala]]'' as Guest Appearance<br />
* Struggler Sala<br />
* [[Paaru (Marathi TV series)|Paaru]] as Appearance <br />
<br />
=== Theater ===<br />
* ''Jaago Mohan Pyare''<br />
* ''Laali Leela''<br />
* ''Sare Prawasi Ghadiche''<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://m.imdb.com/title/tt11355230/?ref_=m_nm_knf_act_i14 Kushal Badrike] on [[IMDb]]<br />
{{Subject bar<br />
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|portal1 = Biography<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Badrike, Kushal}}<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi theatre]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi actors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi television]]<br />
[[Category:1977 births]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Buddhists]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi comedians]]<br />
[[Category:People from Kolhapur]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi people]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarak_Mehta&diff=539675Tarak Mehta2026-05-03T14:57:51Z<p>Ranehospital: adding a post</p>
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<div>{{short description|Indian columnist and playwright}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Tarak Mehta<br />
| image = Tarak Mehta 01.jpg<br />
| caption = Tarak Mehta at his residence in Ahmedabad, 2009<br />
| birth_name = Tarak Janubhai Mehta<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1929|12|26|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Ahmedabad|Ahmadabad]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]<br>(present day [[Gujarat]], India)<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2017|03|01|1929|12|26|df=yes}}<br />
| death_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], India<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Columnist|Humourist|Writer|Playwright}}<br />
| known_for = ''Duniya Ne Undha Chasma''<br />
| spouse = {{Unbulleted_list|{{Marriage|Ila Doshi||1969|end=divorced}}|{{Marriage|Indu Mehta|2002}}}}<br />
| children = Eshani<br />
| awards = [[Ramanlal Nilkanth Hasya Paritoshik]] (2017)<br/>[[Padma Shri]] (2015)<br/>[[Sahitya Gaurav Puraskar]] (2011)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Tarak Janubhai Mehta''' (26 December 1929 – 1 March 2017) was an Indian columnist, [[humourist]], writer and playwright who is best known for the column ''Duniya Ne Undha Chasma'', and was a well-known figure in Gujarati theatre.<ref>{{cite book |title=Contemporary Indian theatre: interviews with playwrights and directors|publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi|year=1989 |page=159}}</ref><br />
<br />
His humorous weekly column first appeared in ''[[Chitralekha (weekly)|Chitralekha]]'' in March 1971 and looked at contemporary issues from a different perspective. He published 80 books in his whole career.<ref name=dna>{{cite news |title=Tharak Mehta is 'booked'!|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_tarak-mehta-is-booked-_1237837 |publisher=[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]] |date=9 March 2009 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2008, [[Sony SAB|SAB TV]] (now Sony SAB) – a popular entertainment channel in India – started the sitcom ''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]'' based on his column,<ref>{{cite news |title=Comedy Inc! |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/comedy-inc/640054/0 |newspaper=[[Indian Express]] |date=2 July 2010 }}</ref> which soon became the flagship show of the channel.<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Tarak Mehta belonged to the [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] Community.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Jains-steal-the-show-with-7-Padmas/articleshow/46856659.cms|title=Jains steal the show with 7 Padmas | newspaper=The Times of India|date=9 April 2015|access-date=24 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/showbiz/in-pics-a-look-at-the-life-of-popular-columnist-taarak-mehta-1882280/|title=In pics: A look at the life of popular columnist Taarak Mehta|last=Talreja|first=Vinod|date=2017-03-01|website=India.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-02}}</ref> He moved to [[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat, with his second wife, Indu, of over 30 years. His first wife, Ila who later married Manohar Doshi (died 2009), also lived in the same apartment building. He had a daughter from his first marriage, Eshani, who lives in the [[United States]], and has two grandchildren, Kushaan and Shailee.<ref name=dna/><ref>{{cite news |title=Tragedy strikes Tarak Mehta|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Tragedy-strikes-Tarak-Mehta/articleshow/4774584.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927184201/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-14/ahmedabad/28171060_1_indu-seventh-floor-mumbai |url-status=live |archive-date=27 September 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=14 July 2009 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Mehta died at the age of 87 years on 1 March 2017 after a prolonged illness.<ref name="Death2017">{{cite web | title=Writer Taarak Mehta, the inspiration behind 'Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah', no more | website=The Times of India | date=2017-03-01 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/writer-taarak-mehta-the-inspiration-behind-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-no-more/articleshow/57405136.cms | access-date=2017-03-01}}</ref> His family donated his body to [[medical research]].<ref name="dna 2017">{{cite web | title=Noted Gujarati playwright Taarak Mehta passes away at 87 | website=dna | year=2017 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-noted-gujarati-playwright-taarak-mehta-passes-away-at-87-2338931 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
[[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Shri Award to Shri Tarak Janubhai Mehta, at a Civil Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on March 30, 2015.jpg|thumb|The President, [[Pranab Mukherjee]] presenting the [[Padma Shri|Padma Shri Award]] to Tarak Mehta, at a Civil Investiture Ceremony, at [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhavan]], in [[New Delhi]] on 30 March 2015]]<br />
<br />
Mehta was awarded the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award of India, in 2015.<ref name=pdma>{{cite web|title=Padma Awards 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128022143/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114952|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114952|publisher=Press Information Bureau|access-date=25 January 2015|archive-date=28 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Gujarat Sahitya Akademi]] awarded him [[Sahitya Gaurav Puraskar]] in 2011 and [[Ramanlal Nilkanth Hasya Paritoshik]] (posthumously) in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianewengland.com/2017/02/tarak-mehta-gets-award-gujarat-government/ |title=Tarak Mehta gets an award from Gujarat Government=15 February 2017 |website=INDIA NEW ENGLAND NEWS |archive-date=1 March 2017 |access-date=1 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301183152/http://indianewengland.com/2017/02/tarak-mehta-gets-award-gujarat-government/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Chitralekha">{{cite web | title=સર્વપ્રિય હાસ્યલેખક તારક મહેતા 'રમણભાઈ નીલકંઠ હાસ્ય પારિતોષિક'થી સમ્માનિત |date=31 March 2017 | website=Chitralekha | url=http://chitralekha.com/breaking-news/taarak-mehta-ramanbhai-neelkanth-hasya-paritoshik/ | language=gu | access-date=13 April 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
<br />
'''Novels'''<br />
* ''Mumbai ma Mehmaan-Yajmaan Pareshan''<br />
* ''Mehta na Monghera Mehmaan''<br />
* ''Aa Duniya Panjarapole''<br />
* ''Tapu Tapori''<br />
* ''Kaise Yeh Jodi Milaye More Ram''<br />
* ''Betaaj Batlibaaj Popatlal Taraaj''<br />
* ''Albelun America, Vanthelun America''<br />
* ''Salo Sundarlal''<br />
* ''Champu-Sulu ni Jugalbandi''<br />
* ''Kanu Kagdo Dahitharu Lai Gayo''<br />
* ''Action Replay Part 1 & Part 2 (Autobiography)''<br />
* ''Matka King Mandve Halo Africa''<br />
* ''Utpatang America''<br />
* ''Navrani Nondhpothi''<br />
* ''Tarak Mehta no Tapudo''<br />
* ''Tarak Mehta na Undha Chashma''<br />
* ''2010 na Undha Chashma''<br />
* ''Tapuda no Tarkhat''<br />
* ''Tarak Mehta ni Toli Pardesh na Pravase''<br />
* ''Pan Khay Popatlal Hamar''<br />
* ''Khurshidas Makkhan Ghase''<br />
* ''Dodh Dahya Tarak Mehta ni Diary''<br />
* ''Lade Tenu Ghar Vase''<br />
* ''Double Trouble''<br />
* ''Return Ticket''<br />
* ''Duniya ne Oondha Chashmah''<br />
* ''Champaklal Tapuni Jugalbandhi''<br />
* ''Ek Shaam Boss ke Naam''<br />
* ''Hu, Boss ane Banevi''<br />
* ''Naraji nu Rajinamu''<br />
* ''Wah America''<br />
* ''Tarak Mehta ni Navlikao''<br />
<br />
'''Natak (Plays)'''<br />
* ''Jojo Hasi na Kadhta''<br />
* ''Dahpan ki Dadh''<br />
* ''Bandhi Mutthi Lakhni''<br />
* ''Ae to emaj Chale''<br />
* ''Ek Murakhne Evi Tev''<br />
* ''Tarak Mehta ni TV Natikao''<br />
* ''Tarak Mehta na Ekankio''<br />
* ''Tarak Mehta na Prahaaso''<br />
* ''Aath Ekankio''<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{Gbooks-author|Tāraka Mahetā}}<br />
* [http://www.tarakmehtakaooltahchashmah.com/who-is-original-tarak-mehta/ Tarak Mehta full information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303202628/http://www.tarakmehtakaooltahchashmah.com/who-is-original-tarak-mehta/ |date=3 March 2017 }}<br />
* [http://www.speakbindas.com/video-interview-of-tarak-mehta/ Interview of Tarak Mehta on SpeakBindas by Devang Vibhakar]<br />
* [https://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/features/06/aug/tarak_mehta.asp Interview by Prabodh Desai - An excellent source of information with many details about his work]<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mehta, Taarak}}<br />
[[Category:1929 births]]<br />
[[Category:2017 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian columnists]]<br />
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian humorists]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from Ahmedabad]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]<br />
[[Category:Translators to Gujarati]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]<br />
[[Category:Journalists from Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patliputra_Junction_railway_station&diff=524799Patliputra Junction railway station2026-05-03T09:34:17Z<p>Ranehospital: Starting A Stub...</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Railway station in Patna, Bihar, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox station<br />
| name = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|50px]]<br />{{font color|blue|PATLIPUTRA JUNCTION}}<br />
| type = [[Indian Railways]] station<br />
| style = Indian Railways<br />
| image = Patliputra Railway Station.jpg<br />
| image_caption = The main entrance of the station<br />
| address = Jagat Vihar Colony, Rukanpura, [[Patna]], [[Bihar]] – 800025<br />
| country = India<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|25|37|14|N|85|4|6|E|display=inline}}<br />
| elevation = {{convert|58|m|ft}}<br />
| line = [[Patna–Sonepur–Hajipur section]]<br />
<br />
[[Patna–Pehlejaghat–Chhapra-Siwan line]]<br />
| other = No<br />
| structure = Standard (on ground station)<br />
| platform = 5<br />
| tracks = 5<ref name="tracks">{{cite web | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130104/jsp/bihar/story_16399785.jsp#.UfAFf4GDk9s | title=April date for station debut | publisher=The Telegraph (Calcutta) | access-date=24 July 2013 | author=AMIT BHELARI | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724015610/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130104/jsp/bihar/story_16399785.jsp#.UfAFf4GDk9s | archive-date=24 July 2013 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><br />
| parking = Available<br />
| opened = 16 December 2015<ref>{{cite web |author=Patna: Dec 16, 2015, DHNS |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/517769/travelling-train-bluru-patna-check.html |title=Travelling by train from B'luru to Patna? Check the terminating railway station |publisher=Deccanherald.com |access-date=2015-12-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222112817/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/517769/travelling-train-bluru-patna-check.html |archive-date=22 December 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><br />
| closed = <br />
| rebuilt = <br />
| electrified = 2013<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html | title=History of Electrification | publisher=CORE (Central Organisation for Railway Electrification) | work=information published by CORE (Central Organisation for Railway Electrification) | access-date=1 April 2012}}</ref><br />
| accessible = <br />
| code = PPTA<br />
| zone = [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]]<br />
| operator = {{rwd|Danapur}}<br />
| owned = [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]] of the [[Indian Railways]]<br />
| services = {{Adjacent stations<br />
|system1=Indian Railways|header1=[[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]]<br />
|line2=Patna–Sonepur–Hajipur section|left2=Bharpura Pahleza Ghat Junction|right2=|note-mid2=Towards [[Patna Junction railway station|Patna Jn.]] [[File:16 cardinal points SE.png|15px|link=West Bengal]]<br />
|line3=Patna–Mughalsarai section|left3=|right3=Danapur|note-mid3=[[File:16 cardinal points SW.png|15px|link=Delhi]]<br />
}}<br />
| status = Functioning<br />
| former = <br />
| passengers = 50,000 per day<br />
| pass_year = <br />
| pass_percent = <br />
| pass_system = <br />
| map_type = India#India Bihar#India Patna<br />
| map_dot_label = '''Patliputra Junction'''<br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = Location with Patna<br />
| mapframe = yes<br />
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map of Patliputra Junction<br />
| mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail}}<br />
| services_collapsible = yes<br />
| route_map = {{Patna–Sonepur–Hajipur section|inline=y}}<br />
}}<br />
[[File:Patliputra Railway Junction.jpg|thumb|View of the Patliputra Railway Junction from a foot overbridge. Photo captured by [[c:User:Sntshkumar750|Santosh Chaudhary]].|350x350px]]<br />
'''Patliputra Junction''', Station code '''(PPTA)''', is a railway station in the Rukanpura area in the West End of [[Patna]], Bihar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/illegal-bldgs-flourish-near-patliputra-jn/articleshow/100736209.cms?from=mdr|title=Illegal bldgs flourish near Patliputra Jn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/road-to-patliputra-jn-unsafe-at-night/articleshow/101077627.cms|title=Road to Patliputra Jn unsafe at night}}</ref> The station, which is governed by [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]] and managed by [[Danapur railway division]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Patliputra-railway-station-not-yet-functional/articleshow/23549227.cms |title=Patliputra railway station not yet functional – The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2013-10-05 |access-date=2015-12-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516124735/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Patliputra-railway-station-not-yet-functional/articleshow/23549227.cms |archive-date=16 May 2018 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> lies on the [[Patna–Sonepur–Hajipur section]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160204/jsp/frontpage/story_67415.jsp#.VwA1p5x97IU|title=Million dreams|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414163358/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160204/jsp/frontpage/story_67415.jsp#.VwA1p5x97IU|archive-date=14 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Located 12 kilometres north-west of [[Patna Junction]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1131026/jsp/bihar/story_17496386.jsp#.UmtgSHAjwZo|title=Green flag for station|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630103422/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131026/jsp/bihar/story_17496386.jsp#.UmtgSHAjwZo|archive-date=30 June 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> it has primarily been developed to ease pressure on the city's other two railway stations, through which roughly 350 trains pass daily.<ref>[http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130830/jsp/bihar/story_17288321.jsp#.UiYs7oGDk9s Dream station debut] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006142255/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130830/jsp/bihar/story_17288321.jsp |date=6 October 2014 }} ''Calcutta Telegraph''. Retrieved 30 August 2013</ref> It is located near [[Bailey Road, Patna|Bailey Road]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/forget-junction-till-lok-sabha-polls-patliputra-station-embroiled-in-politics-among-residents-state-government-and-railways/cid/228633|title=Forget junction till Lok Sabha polls - Patliputra station embroiled in politics among residents, state government and railways}}</ref> an important western thoroughfare in Patna.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/politics/patnas-marginalised-community-still-awaits-basic-amenities-1156483.html |title=Patna's marginalised community still awaits basic amenities |publisher=IBNLive |access-date=2015-12-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130122020/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/politics/patnas-marginalised-community-still-awaits-basic-amenities-1156483.html |archive-date=30 November 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Patliputra junction has become the fourth terminal of the [[Danapur railway division]] after [[Patna Junction]], [[Danapur railway station|Danapur station]] and [[Rajendranagar Terminal]].<br />
<br />
[[Patna]] lies in between [[New Delhi]] and [[Kolkata]], one of the busiest rail routes in India. The city is a major railway hub and has six major stations: Patliputra Junction, {{stnlnk|Patna Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Danapur}}, [[Rajendranagar Terminal]], {{stnlnk|Gulzarbagh}}, and {{stnlnk|Patna Sahib}}. In January 2016, the construction of India's longest road-cum-rail bridge, the [[Digha–Sonpur rail–road bridge]], was completed on the banks of the Ganga nearby and connect Patna to [[Pahlejaghat Junction railway station|Bharpura Pahleja Ghat]] (Sonpur).<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-S-longest-rail-cum-road-bridge-to-come-up-in-Bihar/Article1-464170.aspx |title=India's longest rail-cum-road bridge to come up in Bihar |work=Hindustan Times |date=2009-10-12 |access-date=2012-03-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023152514/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-s-longest-rail-cum-road-bridge-to-come-up-in-Bihar/Article1-464170.aspx |archive-date=23 October 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The bridge is {{convert|4.55|km|miles}} long and therefore, the longest road-cum-rail bridge in India as well as one of the longest in the world.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Digha-bridge-cost-likely-to-jump-by-Rs-1000-cr/articleshow/9088951.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105053237/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-03/patna/29732615_1_digha-rail-rail-bridge-guide-bund | url-status=live | archive-date=5 January 2012 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Digha bridge cost likely to jump by Rs 3,000 cr | date=3 July 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
[[File:Digha pahleja rail road bridge.png|thumb|left|400px|Patliputra and [[Pahlejaghat Junction railway station|Bharpura Pahleja Ghat station]] on both sides of bridge]]<br />
The Patliputra Junction railway station was built in 2013. The railway station is a part of [[Digha–Sonpur rail–road bridge]]<ref name="Hindustan Times"/> between Digha and Sonepur which was completed by the end of 2015. This station was built an alternate to [[Patna Junction]], [[Danapur railway station|Danapur station]] and [[Rajendranagar Terminal]] to decongest excess load on these stations. The station will be a terminal point for most of the train coming from North Bihar.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}<br />
<br />
== Facilities ==<br />
The major facilities available are waiting rooms, computerised reservation facility, reservation counter, vehicle parking etc.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Patliputra-station-to-be-functional-by-month-end/articleshow/20548073.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615054211/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-12/patna/39924147_1_passenger-trains-patliputra-railways | url-status=live | archive-date=15 June 2013 | title=Patliputra station to be functional by month-end | date=12 June 2013 | access-date=24 July 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] |author1=Kumod Verma }}</ref><ref name=computerized_list>{{cite web|title=List of Locations (Irrespective Of States) Where Computerized Reservation Facilities Are Available|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/location_Alphabetically.html|publisher=Official website of the [[Indian Railways]]|access-date=18 April 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703033000/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/location_Alphabetically.html|archive-date=3 July 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The vehicles are allowed to enter the station premises. There are refreshment rooms vegetarian and non vegetarian, tea stall, book stall, post and telegraphic office and government railway police office.<ref name=makemytrip>{{cite web|title=Patna Railway station|url=http://www.makemytrip.com/railways/patna.html|work=Travel, Indian Railways|publisher=makemytrip.com|access-date=5 April 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426195915/http://www.makemytrip.com/railways/patna.html|archive-date=26 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Patliputra Junction is located close to the domestic airport providing transport to important destinations to all over India.<ref>[http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/08/patliputra-railway-station-to-be-inaugurated-on-september-6/ "Patliputra Railway Station to be inaugurated on September 6"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909003938/http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/08/patliputra-railway-station-to-be-inaugurated-on-september-6/ |date=9 September 2013 }} ''Biharprabha''. Retrieved 29 August 2013</ref><br />
<br />
Automatic ticket vending machines have been installed to reduce the queue for train tickets on the station.<ref name=toi_model>{{cite news|title=8 more stations to be made models |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/8-more-stations-to-be-made-models/articleshow/9606303.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103084612/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-05-12/patna/27114696_1_terminal-station-passengers-amenities-year-danapur|url-status=live|work=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=2013-01-03}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Platforms ===<br />
There are three platforms with four railway tracks and all the platforms are connected with one main foot overbridge. Two more platforms are under construction.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}<br />
<br />
=== New developments ===<br />
In Feb 2012, The [[Indian Railways]] had planned to set up a Railway Station Development Corporation (RSDC) that will work on improving the major railway stations including Patliputra Junction by building and developing Restaurants, shopping areas and food plaza for commercial business and improving passenger amenities<ref name=RSDC>{{cite news|title=Railways to set up body to develop stations|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Railways-to-set-up-body-to-develop-stations/articleshow/11843446.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121209011516/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-11/patna/31049817_1_passenger-amenities-railway-plan-rail-land-development-authority|url-status=live|archive-date=9 December 2012|access-date=27 April 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 Feb 2012}}</ref> A new railway station has been constructed ([[Digha Bridge Halt railway station]]) at south end of bridge just south of Danapur Bankipur Road situated 3&nbsp;km northward from Patliputra Junction. This makes traveling from Sonpur side very easy and passengers traveling to Gandhi Maidan will save money and at least 1.5 hours time than deboarding the trains at Patliputra Junction station.<br />
<br />
===Second exit point ===<br />
Patliputra Junction will soon have a second exit point at the west-northern end.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/patliputra-jn-to-have-1-more-exit-point/articleshow/94087498.cms|title=Bihar: Patliputra Junction to have 1 more exit point|website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/work-underway-on-second-exit-at-patliputra-jn/articleshow/98109449.cms?from=mdr|title=Work underway on second exit at Patliputra Junction|website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> There will be a gate for movement to and from the platform (Pillar No. 216) from under AIIMS-Digha elevated road ([[Patli Path]]) near Patliputra Junction.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/patna/news/road-will-be-built-from-ashiana-digha-road-to-patliputra-junction-130233629.html|title=दानापुर रेलमंडल:आशियाना-दीघा रोड से पाटलिपुत्र जंक्शन जाने के लिए बनेगी सड़क}}</ref> From Rupaspur one will reach the junction by road from the side of the line. There is a plan to expand Digha-Danapur Canal Road near the footover bridge of Patliputra station by 120 meters in length and 7.5 meters in width. At present Rs 2 crore has been allocated for this. In August 2023, Bihar Urban Development and Housing Department has given administrative approval of Rs 4 crore 89 lakh 60 thousand.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-bihar-allocation-of-234-crores-for-patna-metro-and-digha-danapur-canal-road-23504565.html|title=Bihar: पटना मेट्रो और दीघा-दानापुर नहर रोड के लिए 234 करोड़ का आवंटन, नरकटियागंज को बस स्टैंड का तोहफा}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
*[[Danapur railway station]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{wikivoyage|Patna}}<br />
<br />
{{Railway stations in Bihar}}<br />
{{Patna}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in Patna]]<br />
[[Category:Danapur railway division]]<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2015]]<br />
[[Category:Railway junction stations in Bihar]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vaishnavi_Adkar&diff=543376Vaishnavi Adkar2026-04-27T20:19:25Z<p>Ranehospital: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian tennis player (born 2004)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox tennis biography<br />
| name = Vaishnavi Adkar<br />
| image =<br />
| caption = Adkar at the [[2024 BRICS Games]] <br />
| image_size =<br />
| residence = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2004|12|14}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India <br />
| height = <br />
| turnedpro = <br />
| retired = <br />
| plays = Right-handed (two-handed backhand)<br />
| careerprizemoney = US$ 27,968<br />
| university = [[Savitribai Phule Pune University]]<br />
| website =<br />
| singlesrecord = {{tennis record|won=64|lost=45}}<br />
| singlestitles = <br />
| highestsinglesranking = No. 383 (6 April 2026)<br />
| currentranking = No. 383 (6 April 2026)<br />
| AustralianOpenresult = <br />
| FrenchOpenresult = <br />
| Wimbledonresult = <br />
| USOpenresult = <br />
| Othertournaments = <br />
| Olympicsresult = <br />
| doublestitles = <br />
| doublesrecord = <br />
| highestdoublesranking = <br />
| AustralianOpenDoublesresult = <br />
| FrenchOpenDoublesresult = <br />
| WimbledonDoublesresult = <br />
| USOpenDoublesresult = <br />
| OthertournamentsDoubles = <br />
| OlympicsDoublesresult = <br />
| WTAChampionshipsDoublesresult = <br />
| Mixed = <br />
| mixedtitles = <br />
| AustralianOpenMixedresult = <br />
| FrenchOpenMixedresult = <br />
| WimbledonMixedresult = <br />
| USOpenMixedresult = <br />
| OthertournamentsMixedDoubles = <br />
| OlympicMixedDoublesresult = <br />
| medaltemplates =<br />
{{Medal|Sport|Women's [[tennis]]}} [[File:Tennis pictogram.svg|30px]]<br />
{{Medal|Country|{{flagu|India}}}}<br />
{{Medal|Competition|[[World University Games]]}}<br />
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2025 Summer World University Games|2025 Rhine Ruhr]]|Individual}}<br />
{{MedalComp|[[BRICS Games]]}}<br />
{{MedalBronze|[[2024 BRICS Games|2024 Kazan]]|Team}}<br />
|country=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Vaishnavi Adkar''' (born 14 December 2004) is an [[India]]n female [[tennis]] player. She competes primarily on the [[ITF Women's World Tennis Tour]], where she has won one singles and one doubles title. She won the bronze medal in the women's individual category of the [[2025 Summer World University Games]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2025 |title=Vaishnavi Adkar becomes first Indian woman tennis player to win medal in WUG |url=https://www.ptinews.com/editor-detail/vaishnavi-adkar-becomes-first-indian-woman-tennis-player-to-win-medal-in-wug/2758267 |access-date=27 July 2025 |website=[[Press Trust of India]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Adkar began playing tennis at the age of seven and prefers hard courts. In 2024, she won the singles and doubles titles (along with Pooja Ingale) at the ITF W15 tournament held in [[Ahmedabad]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2025 |title="Aiming for WTA Top-400 rank in 2025" - Vaishnavi Adkar |url=https://indiantennisdaily.com/2025/01/26/aiming-for-wta-top-400-rank-in-2025-vaishnavi-adkar/ |access-date=27 July 2025 |website=Indian Tennis Daily |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
She became the first Indian woman tennis player to win a medal in the World University Games by winning the bronze medal in the Women's individual event.<ref name=Olympics-July2024/> She also broke the 46-year wait for an Indian to win a tennis medal since [[Nandan Bal]]'s [[Tennis at the 1979 Summer Universiade|silver in the 1979 games]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=Vaishnavi Adkar to become 2nd Indian to win a tennis medal in WUG |url=https://nagalandpost.com/vaishnavi-adkar-to-become-2nd-indian-to-win-a-tennis-medal-in-wug/ |access-date=27 July 2025 |website=[[Nagaland Post]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Olympics-July2024/><br />
<br />
Adkar made her [[WTA Tour]] main-draw debut as a lucky loser at the [[2025 Chennai Open – Singles|2025 Chennai Open]], but was defeated in the first round by third seed [[Donna Vekić]] in straight sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4392243/vekic-advances-past-indian-lucky-loser-adkar-in-chennai-opener|title=Vekic advances past Indian lucky loser Adkar in Chennai opener|publisher=Women's Tennis Association|accessdate=9 April 2026}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references><br />
<br />
<ref name=Olympics-July2024>{{cite web |accessdate=27 July 2025 |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/fisu-world-university-games-2025-tennis-vaishnavi-adkar-bronze-medal |title=FISU World University Games 2025: Vaishnavi Adkar wins bronze; ends India's 46-year-long wait for tennis medal |first=Ali Asgar |last=Nalwala |date=24 July 2025 |website=Olympics.com}}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
</references><br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{WTA|333018}}<br />
* {{ITF|vaishnavi-adkar/800545031/ind}}<br />
<br />
{{Top Indian female tennis players}}<br />
{{Top Indian female doubles tennis players}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adkar, Vaishnavi}}<br />
[[Category:2004 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian female tennis players]]<br />
[[Category:Sportspeople from Pune]]<br />
[[Category:Sportswomen from Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Medalists at the 2025 Summer Universiade]]<br />
[[Category:FISU World University Games bronze medalists for India]]<br />
[[Category:Savitribai Phule Pune University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Odisha_Society_of_the_Americas&diff=540629The Odisha Society of the Americas2026-04-26T18:09:11Z<p>Ranehospital: adding a article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Organization<br />
|name = Odisha Society of the Americas<br />
|image = OSA_Logo.gif<br />
|image_border = <br />
|image_size = 145px<br />
|caption = <br />
|map = <br />
|map_size = <br />
|map_caption = <br />
|abbreviation = OSA<br />
|formation = 1970<br />
|extinction = <br />
|type = <br />
|status = Voluntary Association<br />
|purpose = Awareness of [[Odia language|Odia]] Language and Culture<br />
|headquarters = <br />
|location = United States and Canada<br />
|region_served = <br />
|num_members = <br />
|language = [[Odia language|Odia]]<br />English<br />
|leader_title = President<br />
|leader_name = <br />
|main_organ = <br />
|parent_organization = <br />
|affiliations = <br />
|num_staff = <br />
|num_volunteers = <br />
|budget = <br />
|website = [http://www.odishasociety.org www.odishasociety.org]<br />
|remarks = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''The Odisha Society of the Americas''', or '''OSA''', is an organization whose stated goals are to promote the culture of the Indian state of [[Odisha]] in the United States and Canada, and to facilitate the exchange of information between Odisha and [[North America]].<ref name="npm">[http://www.orissasociety.org/ Constitution of OSA]</ref> Founded in 1969, OSA is registered as a [[501(c)(3)]] charitable organization in the United States. The main event of the organization is an annual [[Convention (meeting)|convention]] which aims to bring members of the [[Odia people|Odia]] diaspora together to celebrate their ethnic culture. It held an annual get-together called convention, where people of Odia origin from different parts of USA and Canada mingled and shared experiences of ethnic living.<br />
<br />
== Current status ==<br />
Today, OSA is a strong organization with 1500 or more individual and family members. This is due to individuals stepping forward to support different activities with innovative ideas which, when implemented, benefit us all. The organization has now spread into thirteen regional chapters, which operate as a social umbrella for different regions in the US and Canada. The chapters arrange various activities such as religious festivals, social get together, cultural events and participate in the cultural life of the local community as representatives of Odia culture. Besides these, the annual convention is the centerpiece of the society's activities.<br />
<br />
==Vision==<br />
<br />
The society's vision is to promote and propagate Odia culture in Americas by bringing together all the people interested in [[Odisha]].<br />
<br />
==Mission Goals==<br />
<br />
The mission goals of The Odisha Society of Americas are:<br />
<br />
· To provide a mutually supportive environment for the better interaction of Odia immigrants of North American countries through socio-cultural growth, friendship and fellowship.<br />
<br />
· To enhance the awareness of Odisha and Odia traditions in North America through cultural promotion, social events, and developmental activities.<br />
<br />
· To facilitate the exchange of information between Odisha and the United States/Canada.<br />
<br />
==Chapters in USA & Canada==<br />
<br />
There are 14 chapters in USA and 1 chapter in Canada. A new chapter, California chapter is under formation.<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#b0c4de; width:100px;"| Chapter Name<br />
! style="background:#b0c4de; width:150px;"| Chapter Serving Area<br />
! style="background:#b0c4de; width:50px;"| Formation Year<br />
|-<br />
|Chicago||Illinois, Wisconsin||NA<br />
|-<br />
|Georgia||Georgia||2020<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.gccosa.org/index.asp Grand Canyon]|| Arizona, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico|| 2009<br />
|-<br />
|Maryland - Virginia||Maryland, Virginia||1995<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.osamichigan.org/ Michigan]||Michigan||1988<br />
|-<br />
|North West||Minnesota||1990<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.osne.org/ New England]||Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Maine, New Hampshire||1983<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.orissasociety.org/osaftp01/chapters/osanynj/ New York/New Jersey]||New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania||1970 as OSANY 2005 as OSANYNJ<br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.angelfire.com/oh5/osaohio/osaohhome.html Ohio]||Ohio||NA<br />
|-<br />
|Ozark (central)||Kansas, Kentucky, Iowa, Missouri||NA<br />
|-<br />
|[http://pacificnw.orissasociety.org/ Pacific Northwest]||Oregon, Washington, British Columbia & Neighboring States|| 2011<br />
|-<br />
|South East||North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia||NA<br />
|-<br />
|Southern||Tennessee, Louisiana, Mississippi. Alabama, Kentucky||NA<br />
|-<br />
|South-West||Texas, Arkansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma||NA<br />
|-<br />
|[http://www.orissasociety.org/osaftp01/chapter_osadc.htm Washington, DC]|| Maryland, Virginia, Washington DC, Delaware, West Virginia||1984<br />
|-<br />
|[http://canosa.ca/joomla/ Canada]|| Canada||1971<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Events ==<br />
'''OSA Convention'''<br />
<br />
The annual convention of The Odisha Society of the Americas takes place during the July 4th weekend every year. The main responsibility of hosting the convention rests with the local chapters of OSA. At times when local chapters do not bid for the convention, Odia communities under the leadership of an OSA life member and with 15 or more OSA members do take charge of organizing the convention. The convention serves to bring together people with roots in Odisha to share the pride in Odia culture and heritage and pass it on to the next generation. The annual convention is the centerpiece of OSA's activities. The [https://osa2021.odishasociety.org/home 52nd OSA convention] was held from July 2 to 4, 2021 at the newly built [https://orissaculturecenter.org/ Orissa Culture Center] Venue, Houston, Texas. The [https://osa2022.org/ 53rd OSA convention] was held from July 1 to 3, 2022 in Sacramento, California.<br />
<!--Website for 50th Convention is https://www.osa2019.org. More than 2000 attended the convention making it the largest gathering of Odias outside of Odisha. Dr. Uma B. Mishra served as the Convener and Sribatsa Das served as the co-convener of the convention. The 49th Convention was held in Detroit, Michigan in 2018. The 48th Convention was held in Bahamas Cruise. The 47th Convention was held in Providence, Rhode Island. The 46th Convention was held in National Harbor, Maryland. The [http://www.orissasociety.us/conventions/conv2013/ 44th OSA convention] was held in [[Chicago, Illinois]] from 4 to 6 July 2013. The [http://www.osa2014.org/ 45th OSA convention] in 2014 was held at Columbus, Ohio. --><br />
<br />
'''Past/Future OSA Conventions'''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#b0c4de; width:75px;"| Year<br />
! style="background:#b0c4de; width:150px;"| Place<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|2026<br />
|Minneapolis, MN<br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|Dallas, TX<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|Nashville, TN<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|Chicago, IL<br />
https://osanaconvention.org/<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|Sacramento, CA<br />
https://osa2022.org/<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|Houston, TX<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|Virtual<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|Atlantic City, New Jersey<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|Detroit, Michigan<br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
|Bahamas Cruise<br />
|-<br />
|| 2016<br />
|| Providence, Rhode Island<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|| 2015<br />
|| National Harbor, Maryland<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|| 2014<br />
|| Columbus, Ohio<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
|| Chicago, IL<br />
|-<br />
| 2012<br />
|| Seattle, WA<br />
|-<br />
|2011<br />
|| Dallas, TX<br />
|-<br />
|2010<br />
|| Redwood City, CA<br />
|-<br />
|2009<br />
||Trenton, New Jersey<br />
|-<br />
|2008<br />
||Toronto, ONT<br />
|-<br />
|2007<br />
||Detroit, MI<br />
|-<br />
|2006<br />
||Columbia, MD<br />
|-<br />
|2005<br />
||Newport Beach, CA<br />
|-<br />
|2004<br />
||Dallas, TX<br />
|-<br />
|2003<br />
||Princeton, NJ<br />
|-<br />
|2002<br />
||Greenbelt, MD<br />
|-<br />
|2001<br />
||Chicago, IL<br />
|-<br />
|1999<br />
||Toronto, Canada<br />
|-<br />
|1998<br />
||Monterey, CA<br />
|-<br />
|1997<br />
||Houston, TX<br />
|-<br />
|1996<br />
||Washington, DC<br />
|-<br />
|1995<br />
||Minneapolis, MN<br />
|-<br />
|1994<br />
||Pomona, NJ<br />
|-<br />
|1993<br />
||Troy, MI<br />
|-<br />
|1992<br />
||Atlanta, GA<br />
|-<br />
|1991<br />
||Chicago, IL<br />
|-<br />
|1990<br />
||Washington, DC<br />
|-<br />
|1989<br />
||Nashville, TN<br />
|-<br />
|1988<br />
||Saginaw, MI<br />
|-<br />
|1987<br />
||Stanford, CA<br />
|-<br />
|1986<br />
||Toronto, Canada<br />
|-<br />
|1985<br />
||Kent, OH<br />
|-<br />
|1984<br />
||Glassboro, NJ<br />
|-<br />
|1983<br />
||Bowie, MD<br />
|-<br />
|1982<br />
||Minneapolis, MN<br />
|-<br />
|1981<br />
||Chicago, IL<br />
|-<br />
|1980<br />
||Detroit, MI<br />
|-<br />
|1979<br />
||New Brunswick, NJ<br />
|-<br />
|1978<br />
||Wheaton, MD<br />
|-<br />
|1977<br />
||Riverdale, NJ<br />
|-<br />
|1976<br />
||Toronto, Canada<br />
|-<br />
|1975<br />
||Riverdale, NJ<br />
|-<br />
|1974<br />
||College Park, MD<br />
|-<br />
|1973<br />
||Riverdale, NJ<br />
|-<br />
|1972<br />
||Riverdale, NJ<br />
|-<br />
|1971<br />
||Hartford, CT<br />
|-<br />
|1970<br />
||Hartford, CT<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''OSA Regional Oriya Drama Festival'''<br />
<br />
[http://www.orissasociety.org/osaftp01/dramafestival.htm OSA Drama Festival] started in 2009 for the first time. Dr Gopal Mohanty was the festival coordinator. The concept of regional drama festival went into effect during the month of April 2009 at 3 sites, Texas, Michigan and Washington DC. OSA is planning to continue the tradition in its present form or in an improved form (combining music and dances) for the future. OSA Southwest Chapter Drama Festival-2013 was held at Austin on 14 September 2013.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#b0c4de; width:75px;"| Year<br />
! style="background:#b0c4de; width:150px;"| Region<br />
! style="background:#b0c4de; width:325px;"| Drama<br />
! style="background:#b0c4de; width:125px;"| Chapter<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="9"| [http://www.orissasociety.org/osaftp01/dramafestival.htm#Drama_Festival_2009 2009]<br />
| rowspan="4" | South-West Region<br />
| Athacha Chanakya(ଅଥଚ ଚାଣକ୍ୟ) || Dallas<br />
|-<br />
| Sahitya Gadia Manthana(ସାହିତ୍ୟ ଗଡିଆ ମନ୍ଥନ ) || Austin<br />
|-<br />
| E ki Nataka(ଏ କି ନାଟକ ) || Arkansas<br />
|-<br />
| Mom, Ma Aau Madam(ମୋମ୍, ମା ଆଉ ମାଡାମ୍) || Houston<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | Eastern Region<br />
| Gitinatya Sri Ganesha(ଗୀତିନାଟ୍ୟ ଶ୍ରୀ ଗଣେଶ) || Washington, D.C.|DC<br />
|-<br />
| Pathoi Bohu(ପାଠୋଇ ବୋହୁ) || Washington, D.C.|DC<br />
|-<br />
| Gua Nimantran(ଗୁଆ ନିମନ୍ତ୍ରଣ) || New York|NY/New Jersey|NJ<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | Northern Region<br />
| Banna Nasika(ବନ ନାଶିକ) || Canada<br />
|-<br />
| Gitinatya Mahisa Mardini(ଗୀତିନାଟ୍ୟ ମହିଶା ମର୍ଦିନୀ) || Michigan|MI<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="9"| 2010<br />
| rowspan="3" | South-West Region<br />
| Kalakara Natabara Babunkara Nata(କଳାକାର ନଟବର ବାବୁନକର ନାଟ) || Dallas<br />
|-<br />
| Saur Jagatare Ulka Pata(ସୌର ଜଗତରେ ଉଲ୍କା ପାତ) || Arkansas<br />
|-<br />
| Habani Na, Habana Aau(ହବନୀ ନା, ହବନା ଆଉ ) || Houston<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | Eastern Region<br />
| Kanchi Abhijan(କାଂଚୀ ଅଭିଯାନ) || OSNE Junior artists<br />
|-<br />
| Dasanana: Naka Kata Upakhyana(ଦସାନନ : ନାକ କଟା ଉପାଖ୍ୟାନ) || New York|NY/New Jersey|NJ<br />
|-<br />
| Dinu Kaka Thiika Kahuthile(ଦିନୁ କାକା ଠିକ୍ କହୁଥିଲେ ) || OSNE Senior artists<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | North-Central Region<br />
| Uchit Charcha(ଉଚିତ୍ ଚର୍ଚା) || Milwaukee<br />
|-<br />
| Gosein Mahatma(ଗୋସେଇଁ ମହାତ୍ମା) || Detroit<br />
|-<br />
| Jaha Hale Hau(ଯାହା ହେଲେ ହଉ) || Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="6"| 2012<br />
| rowspan="6" | South-West Region<br />
| Bandhoo Mohanty || DFW Kids Drama<br />
|-<br />
| Tahele Kie || Austin<br />
|-<br />
| Item Girl || Houston<br />
|-<br />
| Mayar Kahani || Austin Skit<br />
|-<br />
| Paisaara Maayaa, Karuchhi Baayaa || Arkansas<br />
|-<br />
| Akala Kusmanda || DFW<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Publications==<br />
<br />
Odisha Society of Americas has been publishing souvenirs of its annual conventions from 1983. In 2019, all the editions were published in Amazon.com in print and Digital through Amazon.com, Google Play and [[Google Books]]. <br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Year !! Edition !! City !! State !! Google Play !! Google Books !! Amazon.com Print !! Amazon.com Kindle Digital<br />
|-<br />
| 1983 || 14 || Washington || D.C. || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=mZWWDwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 14th Annual Convention - Washington, DC Souvenir 1983 |date=2019-05-06 |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=mZWWDwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 14th Annual Convention - Washington, DC Souvenir 1983 |date=2019-05-06 |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1075847753 |title=IN THE NATION'S CAPITAL: ORISSA SOCIETY OF AMERICAS, INC - 14TH ANNUAL CONVENTION |date=2019-06-24 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-0758-4775-2 |language=English}}</ref>|| https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07RJVRXH1<br />
|-<br />
| 1984 || 15 || Glassboro || New Jersey || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=npx_DwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 15th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1984 at Glassboro, New Jersey |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=npx_DwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 15th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1984 at Glassboro, New Jersey |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Odisha |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1790282780 |title=Orissa Society of Americas 15th Annual Convention: Fifteenth Annual Convention Jun 30-Jul 2, 1984 Glassboro, New Jersey |date=2019-01-04 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7902-8278-4 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Odisha |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07MLCC3V7 |title=Orissa Society of Americas 15th Annual Convention Souvenir: 50th Convention Commemorative Edition |last2=Swain |first2=Manas |last3=Rajanala |first3=Nagesh |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1985 || 16 || Kent || Ohio || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=w5WWDwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 16th Annual Convention Souvenir for Convention held in 1985 in Kent, Ohio |date=2019-05-06 |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=w5WWDwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 16th Annual Convention Souvenir for Convention held in 1985 in Kent, Ohio |date=2019-05-06 |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1792909365 |title=Journal of the Orissa Society of the Americas Special Souvenir Issue Summer 1990: Twenty First Convention of the Orissa Society of the Americas June 29-July 1, 1990 Washington, D.C. |date=2019-01-04 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7929-0936-8 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07RDND482 |title=Orissa Society of Americas 16th Annual Convention Souvenir : for Convention held in 1985 in Kent, Ohio |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1986 || 17 || Toronto || Canada || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=tJ1_DwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 17th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1986 at Toronto, Canada |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=tJ1_DwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 17th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1986 at Toronto, Canada |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1792696582 |title=Orissa Society of Americas: 17th Annual Convention, 1986 held at Toronto, Canada |date=2019-01-04 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7926-9658-9 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07MBJCCS7 |title=Orissa Society of Americas: 17th Annual Convention, 1986 held at Toronto, Canada |date=2019-01-03 |publisher=Odisha Society of The Americas |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1987 || 18 || Palo Alto || California || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=BSmBDwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 18th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1987 at Palo Alto, California |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=BSmBDwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 18th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1987 at Palo Alto, California |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1790722756 |title=Orissa Society of Americas 18th Annual Convention: July 3-5, 1987 Palo Alto, California |date=2019-01-04 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7907-2275-4 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07MPLKXZK |title=Odisha Society of Americas 18th Annual Convention: July 3-5, 1987 Palo Alto, California |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1988 || 19 || Saginaw || Michigan || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=zp1_DwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 19th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1988 at Saginaw, Michigan |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=zp1_DwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 19th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1988 at Saginaw, Michigan |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1792702396 |title=Orissa Society of Americas 19th Annual Convention: Nineteenth Annual Convention July 2-4, 1988 Saginaw, Michigan |date=2019-01-04 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7927-0239-6 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07MHS6ZP1 |title=Orissa Society of Americas 19th Annual Convention: Held at Saginaw, Michigan in 1988 |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1989 || 20 || Nashville || Tennessee || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=bJ5_DwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 20th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1989 at Nashville, Tennessee |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=bJ5_DwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 20th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1989 at Nashville, Tennessee |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1792735863 |title=ORISSA SOCIETY OF AMERICA SOUVENIR: Twentieth Annual Convention held at Nashville, Tennessee in 1989 |date=2019-01-04 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7927-3586-8 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07MHR424J |title=ORISSA SOCIETY OF AMERICA SOUVENIR: 20TH Annual Convention held at Nashville, Tennessee in 1989 |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1990 || 21 || Washington || D.C. || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=cJ5_DwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 21st Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1990 at Washington, D.C. |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=cJ5_DwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 21st Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1990 at Washington, D.C. |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1792909365 |title=Journal of the Orissa Society of the Americas Special Souvenir Issue Summer 1990: Twenty First Convention of the Orissa Society of the Americas June 29-July 1, 1990 Washington, D.C. |date=2019-01-04 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7929-0936-8 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07MLC1114 |title=Journal of the Orissa Society of the Americas Special Souvenir Issue Summer 1990: Twenty First Convention of the Orissa Society of the Americas June 29-July 1, 1990 Washington, D.C. |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1991 || 22 || Chicago || Illinois || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=DOp_DwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 22nd Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1991 at Chicago, Illinois |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=DOp_DwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 22nd Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1991 at Chicago, Illinois |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1792915713 |title=Journal of The Orissa Society Of The Americas Special Souvenir Issue 1991: Twenty-Second Annual Convention of The Orissa Society Of The Americas July 4-7, 1991 Chicago |date=2019-01-04 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7929-1571-0 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07MS8D4C9 |title=Journal of The Orissa Society Of The Americas Special Souvenir Issue 1991: Twenty Second Annual Convention of The Orissa Society Of The Americas July 4-7, 1991 Chicago |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1992 || 23 || Atlanta || Georgia || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=MmqADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 23rd Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1992 at Atlanta, Georgia |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=MmqADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 23rd Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1992 at Atlanta, Georgia |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1792930801 |title=The Orissa Society of Americas Journal Souvenir Issue: Twenty Third Annual Convention July 2-5, 1992 Atlanta |date=2019-01-04 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7929-3080-5 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07M6VN5G7 |title=The Orissa Society of Americas Journal Souvenir Issue: Twenty Third Annual Convention July 2-5, 1992 Atlanta |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1993 || 24 || Detroit || Michigan || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=NmqADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 24th Annual Convention Souvenir |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=PmqADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 25th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1994 at Pamona, New Jersey |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1792933614 |title=Orissa Society of the Americas Journal Souvenir Issue: Twenty-Fourth Annual Convention July 2-5, 1993 Detroit, Michigan |date=2019-01-04 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7929-3361-5 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07M6VTC5S |title=Orissa Society of the Americas Journal Souvenir Issue: Twenty Fourth Annual Convention July 2-5, 1993 Detroit, Michigan |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1994 || 25 || Pamona || New Jersey || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=PmqADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 25th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1994 at Pamona, New Jersey |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=PmqADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 25th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1994 at Pamona, New Jersey |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/179345700X |title=Orissa Society of Americas Silver Jubilee: Twenty-Fifth Annual Convention July 1-4, 1994 Pamona New Jersey |date=2019-01-09 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7934-5700-4 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07MJDQJ3Y |title=Orissa Society of Americas Silver Jubilee: Twenty-Fifth Annual Convention July 1-4, 1994 Pamona New Jersey |date=2019-01-08 |publisher=Odisha Society of The Americas |edition= |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1995 || 26 || Minneapolis || Minnesota || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=oR6BDwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 26th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1995 at Minneapolis, Minnesota |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=oR6BDwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 26th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1995 at Minneapolis, Minnesota |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1793819556 |title=Orissa Society of Americas 1995 Convention: Twenty Sixth Annual Convention July 1-3, 1995 Minneapolis, Minnesota |date=2019-01-10 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7938-1955-0 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07MSMLC5B |title=Orissa Society of Americas 1995 Convention |date=2019-01-09 |publisher=Odisha Society of The Americas |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1996 || 27 || Washington || D.C. || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ox6BDwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 27th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1996 at Washington, D.C. |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=ox6BDwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 27th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1996 at Washington, D.C. |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1099791049 |title=Journal of the Orissa Society of the Americas Souvenir Issue 1996: Festival of Orissa - 27th Annual Convention, Washington, DC July 3-6, 1996 |date=2019-05-22 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-0997-9104-8 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07MTV2ZQ6 |title=Journal of the Orissa Society of the Americas Souvenir Issue 1996: Festival of Orissa - 27th Annual Convention, Washington, DC July 3-6, 1996 |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1997 || 28 || Houston || Texas || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=QKSADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 28th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1997 at Houston, Texas |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=QKSADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 28th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1997 at Houston, Texas |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1098885880 |title=JOURNAL of the ORISSA SOCIETY of the AMERICAS: 28th ANNUAL CONVENTION held in Houston, Texas July 3-5, 1997 |date=2019-05-20 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-0988-8588-5 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Odisha |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07MTWT96Z |title=JOURNAL of the ORISSA SOCIETY of the AMERICAS: 28th ANNUAL CONVENTION held in Houston, Texas July 3-5, 1997 |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1998 || 29 || Monterey || California || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=FfOADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 29th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1998 at Monterey, California |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=FfOADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 29th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1998 at Monterey, California |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1098834305 |title=Orissa Society of the Americas 1998 Souvenir Issue: Twenty-ninth Annual Convention Monterey, California |date=2019-05-15 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-0988-3430-2 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07MTXR761 |title=Orissa Society of the Americas 1998 Souvenir Issue: Twenty-ninth Annual Convention Monterey, California |date=2019-01-15 |publisher=Odisha Society |edition= |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1999 || 30 || Toronto || Canada || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ffOADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 30th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1999 at Toronto, Canada |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=ffOADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 30th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 1999 at Toronto, Canada |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1098791533 |title=Journal of the Orissa Society of the Americas Toronto 1999: Thirtieth Annual Convention Toronto, Canada |date=2019-05-15 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-0987-9153-7 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Odisha |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07MTY64R3 |title=Journal of the Orissa Society of the Americas Toronto 1999: Thirtieth Annual Convention Toronto, Canada |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2000 || 31 || Nashville || Tennessee || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=jfOADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 31st Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2000 at Nashville, Tennessee |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=jfOADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 31st Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2000 at Nashville, Tennessee |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/109646635X |title=Orissa Society of the Americas Journal / 2000: Thirty-First Annual Convention of the Orissa Society of the Americas Jun 30-Jul 3, 2000 held in Nashville, Tennessee |date=2019-05-14 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-0964-6635-2 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07MVZLMS3 |title=Orissa Society of the Americas Journal / 2000: Thirty-First Annual Convention of the Orissa Society of the Americas Jun 30-Jul 3, 2000 held in Nashville, Tennessee |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2001 || 32 || Chicago || Illinois || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=j_OADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 32nd Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2001 at Chicago, Illinois |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=j_OADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 32nd Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2001 at Chicago, Illinois |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1096038153 |title=Orissa Society of the Americas, The 32nd Annual Convention, Chicago: 2001 Souvenir Issue |date=2019-04-27 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-0960-3815-3 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07MW5V5RD |title=Orissa Society of the Americas, The 32nd Annual Convention, Chicago: 2001 Souvenir Issu |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2002 || 33 || || Maryland || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=S_aADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 33rd Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2002 in Maryland |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=S_aADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 33rd Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2002 in Maryland |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1095995391 |title=Utkalika 2002: 33rd OSA Annual Convention held at Greenbelt, Maryland |date=2019-04-26 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-0959-9539-6 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07MW7GTZM |title=Utkalika 2002: 33rd OSA Annual Convention held at Greenbelt, Maryland |date=2019-01-16 |publisher=Odisha Society |edition= |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2003 || 34 || Princeton || New Jersey || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=TfaADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 34th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2003 at Princeton, New Jersey |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=TfaADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 34th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2003 at Princeton, New Jersey |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1095916874 |title=Journal of the Orissa Society of America: Thirty-fourth Annual Convention held at Princeton, New Jersey from July 4 - 6, 2003 |date=2019-04-26 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-0959-1687-2 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07MW9TBDS |title=Journal of the Orissa Society of America: Thirty-fourth Annual Convention held at Princeton, New Jersey from July 4 - 6, 2003 |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2004 || 35 || Dallas || Texas || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=U_aADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 35th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2004 at Dallas, Texas |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=U_aADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 35th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2004 at Dallas, Texas |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1094910139 |title=Orissa Society of the Americas, 2004 Souvenir Issue: The 35th Annual Convention held at Dallas, Texas |date=2019-04-17 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-0949-1013-0 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07N135B6J |title=Orissa Society of the Americas, 2004 Souvenir Issue: The 35th Annual Convention held at Dallas, Texas |date=2019-01-21 |publisher=Odisha Society |edition= |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2005 || 36 || Newport Beach || California || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=3Q2BDwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 36th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2005 at Newport Beach, California |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=3Q2BDwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 36th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2005 at Newport Beach, California |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1093540079 |title=Journal of the Orissa Society of the Americas: The 36th Annual Souvenir Issue, July 2005 |date=2019-04-12 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-0935-4007-9 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07N2PWGXH |title=Journal of the Orissa Society of the Americas: The 36th Annual Souvenir Issue, July 2005 |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2006 || 37 || Columbia || Maryland || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZPqADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 37th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2006 at Columbia, Maryland |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=ZPqADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 37th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2006 at Columbia, Maryland |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/109272768X |title=Journal of the Orissa Society of the Americas, Our Children Our Future: 37th Annual Convention, July 2006, Columbia, MD |date=2019-04-11 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-0927-2768-6 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07N2MSZSX |title=Journal of the Orissa Society of the Americas, Our Children Our Future: 37th Annual Convention, July 2006, Columbia, MD |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2007 || 38 || Detroit || Michigan || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=_PqADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 38th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2007 at Detroit, Michigan |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=_PqADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 38th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2007 at Detroit, Michigan |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1092409270 |title=Journal of the Orissa Society of the Americas, Celebrating Our Heritage and Diversity: 38th Annual Convention, 2007, Detroit, Michigan |date=2019-04-04 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-0924-0927-8 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07N2VCYWD |title=Journal of the Orissa Society of the Americas, Celebrating Our Heritage and Diversity: 38th Annual Convention, 2007, Detroit, Michigan |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2008 || 39 || Toronto || Canada || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=FPuADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 39th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2008 at Toronto, Canada |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=FPuADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 39th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2008 at Toronto, Canada |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1797941569 |title=Journal of the Orissa Society of the Americas, Odisha Our Land, Our People: 39th Annual Convention, 2008, Toronto, Canada |date=2019-04-01 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7979-4156-1 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07N2W3TFG |title=Journal of the Orissa Society of the Americas, Odisha Our Land, Our People: 39th Annual Convention, 2008, Toronto, Canada |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2009 || 40 || Princeton || New Jersey || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=HQ6BDwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 40th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2009 at Princeton, New Jersey |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=HQ6BDwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 40th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2009 at Princeton, New Jersey |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1796618071 |title=Journal of the Orissa Society of the Americas, Across the seven seas: 40th Annual Convention, 2009, NY/NJ Chapter |date=2019-02-15 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7966-1807-5 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07N3RT82R |title=Journal of the Orissa Society of the Americas, Across the seven seas: 40th Annual Convention, 2009, NY/NJ Chapter |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2010 || 41 || San Francisco || California || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=i_-ADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 41st Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2010 at San Francisco, California |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=i_-ADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 41st Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2010 at San Francisco, California |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/179657287X |title=41ST OSA CONVENTION SOUVENIR: July 2-4, 2010 SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A. |date=2019-02-11 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7965-7287-2 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07N4J2JWG |title=41ST OSA CONVENTION SOUVENIR: July 2-4, 2010 SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A. |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2011 || 42 || Dallas || Texas || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=j_-ADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 42nd Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2011 at Dallas, Texas |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=j_-ADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 42nd Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2011 at Dallas, Texas |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1796571261 |title=The Journal of the Orissa Society of the Americas, Our Heritage, Our Pride: 42nd Annual OSA Convention July 1-4, 2011, Dallas, Texas, USA |date=2019-02-10 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7965-7126-4 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07N4H31S5 |title=The Journal of the Orissa Society of the Americas, Our Heritage, Our Pride: 42nd Annual OSA Convention July 1-4, 2011, Dallas, Texas, USA |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2012 || 43 || Seattle || Washington || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=k_-ADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 43rdAnnual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2012 at Seattle, Washington |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=k_-ADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 43rdAnnual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2012 at Seattle, Washington |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1796569720 |title=The Journal of The Orissa Society of the Americas, 2012 Souvenir Issue: The 43rd Annual Convention July 5-7, 2012, Seattle, Washington |date=2019-02-10 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7965-6972-8 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07N4HS856 |title=The Journal of The Orissa Society of the Americas, 2012 Souvenir Issue: The 43rd Annual Convention July 5-7, 2012, Seattle, Washington |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2013 || 44 || Chicago || Illinois || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=l_-ADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 44th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2013 at Chicago, Illinois |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=l_-ADwAAQBAJ |title=Orissa Society of Americas 44th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2013 at Chicago, Illinois |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1796568368 |title=44TH OSA Convention Chicago 2013: The Journal of The Odisha Society of the Americas, Annual Convention Souvenir |date=2019-02-10 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7965-6836-3 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07N514J5X |title=44TH OSA Convention Chicago 2013: The Journal of The Odisha Society of the Americas, Annual Convention Souvenir |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2014 || 45 || Columbis || Ohio || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=1f-ADwAAQBAJ |title=Urmi: Orissa Society of Americas 45th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2014 at Columbis, Ohio |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=1f-ADwAAQBAJ |title=Urmi: Orissa Society of Americas 45th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2014 at Columbis, Ohio |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07N51WKD8 |title=Urmi - The Journal of The Odisha Society of the Americas: 45th OSA Convention, July 3-6, 2014, Columbus, Ohio |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07N51WKD8 |title=Urmi - The Journal of The Odisha Society of the Americas: 45th OSA Convention, July 3-6, 2014, Columbus, Ohio |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2015 || 46 || National Harbor || Washington || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=2f-ADwAAQBAJ |title=Urmi: The Journal of Odisha Society of the Americas 46th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2015 at National Harbor, Washington |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=2f-ADwAAQBAJ |title=Urmi: The Journal of Odisha Society of the Americas 46th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2015 at National Harbor, Washington |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1795403772 |title=Urmi - The Journal of The Odisha Society of the Americas: First Global Odisha Conference and 46th OSA Annual Convention |date=2019-01-30 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7954-0377-1 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07N4ZT2JG |title=Urmi - The Journal of The Odisha Society of the Americas: First Global Odisha Conference and 46th OSA Annual Convention |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2016 || 47 || Providence || Rhode Island || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=4f-ADwAAQBAJ |title=Urmi: Odisha Society of Americas 47th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2016 at Providence, Rhode Island |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=4f-ADwAAQBAJ |title=Urmi: Odisha Society of Americas 47th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2016 at Providence, Rhode Island |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1795378611 |title=Urmi - The Journal of The Odisha Society of the Americas: CONNECT. CELEBRATE. IMPACT |date=2019-01-29 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7953-7861-1 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07N564RL5 |title=Urmi - The Journal of The Odisha Society of the Americas: CONNECT. CELEBRATE. IMPACT |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || 48 || Bahas Cruise || Bahamas || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=HwCBDwAAQBAJ |title=Urmi: Odisha Society of Americas 48th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2018 on Bahas Cruise, Bahamas |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=HwCBDwAAQBAJ |title=Urmi: Odisha Society of Americas 48th Annual Convention Souvenir: For Annual Convention Held in 2018 on Bahas Cruise, Bahamas |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1795375833 |title=Urmi - The Journal of The Odisha Society of the Americas: 48th Annual OSA Convention, June 30 - July 2, 2017, Bahamas Cruise, Bahamas |date=2019-01-29 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7953-7583-2 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07N5DY43F |title=Urmi - The Journal of The Odisha Society of the Americas: 48th Annual OSA Convention, June 30 - July 2, 2017, Bahamas Cruise, Bahamas |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2018 || 49 || Dearborn || Michigan || <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=yw2BDwAAQBAJ |title=Urmi: The Journal of the Odisha Society of Americas 49th Convention: For Annual Convention Held in 2017 at Dearborn, Michigan |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=yw2BDwAAQBAJ |title=Urmi: The Journal of the Odisha Society of Americas 49th Convention: For Annual Convention Held in 2017 at Dearborn, Michigan |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1795215968 |title=Urmi - The Journal of the Odisha Society of the Americas: Bridging Generations: Celebrating Odia Unity. 49th OSA Annual Convention-2018 July 5-8, 2018, Dearborn, Michigan |date=2019-01-29 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-7952-1596-1 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07N5J97RC |title=Urmi - The Journal of the Odisha Society of the Americas: Bridging Generations: Celebrating Odia Unity. 49th OSA Annual Convention-2018 July 5-8, 2018, Dearborn, Michigan |language=English}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2019 || 50 || Atlantic City || New Jersey || <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=yeycDwAAQBAJ |title=URMI - Journal of The Odisha Society of The Americas: For 50th Annual Convention Held in 2019 at Atlantic City, New Jersey |date=2019-06-12 |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books/about?id=yeycDwAAQBAJ&hl=en |title=URMI - Journal of The Odisha Society of The Americas: For 50th Annual Convention Held in 2019 at Atlantic City, New Jersey |date=2019-06-12 |publisher=Odisha Society of the Americas |language=en}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1073489523 |title=Urmi - Journal of The Odisha Society of The Americas: Orissa Society of Americas 50th Annual Convention Souvenir for Convention held in Atlantic City, New Jersey during July 4-7, 2019 |date=2019-07-23 |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1-0734-8952-7 |language=English}}</ref>|| <ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07SYLYMXG/ |title=Urmi - Journal of The Odisha Society of The Americas: Orissa Society of Americas 50th Annual Convention Souvenir for Convention held in Atlantic City, New Jersey during July 4-7, 2019 |language=English}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==OSA History==<br />
<br />
OSA Golden Jubilee Convention created History Team. The History Team collected VHS, Hi8 and DVD media of past conventions and events. Founders and members were interviewed. YouTube channel and PlayLists were created. <br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Year !! Description !! Link to PlayList/Channel <br />
|-<br />
| 1983 || OSA 1983 Washington DC || <ref>{{Citation |title=OSA 1983 DC - Sikandar Alam Part 1 of 4 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzLcoaqVP7Q |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1984 || OSA 1984 Glassboro NJ || <ref>{{Citation |title=OSA 1984 Glassboro, NJ - Part 1 of 10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xquExCjrOQ |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1986 || OSA 1986 Toronto || <ref>{{Citation |title=OSA 1986 Convention in Toronto - Drama: The Saga of Lord Jagannatha |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8VVOp0fWHA |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1989 || OSA 1989 Nashville TN || <ref>{{Citation |title=OSA 1989 Nashville, TN Part 1 of 6 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqZlrNvRuzM |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1990 || OSA 1990 Washington || <ref>{{Citation |title=OSA 1990 Washington DC - Part 1 of 6 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VO0SWo1Pm8s |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1995 || OSA 1995 Minneapolis || <ref>{{Citation |title=1995 OSA Minneapolis, Part 2 of 5 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7d7wmqtSJ0 |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1996 || Converted Videos || <ref>{{Citation |title=OSA 1996 DC |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ffl_maJkx9w |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1997 || OSA 1997 Houston TX || <ref>{{Citation |title=OSA 1997 Houston - Sangeeta, Suchitra & P Mishra musical nights |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjfDCKqq_As |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1998 || OSA 1998 Monterey California || <ref>{{Citation |title=OSA 1998 California |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5SPOKnKKH0 |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1999 || OSA 1999 Toronto || <ref>{{Citation |title=1999 Toronto OSA Convention - Lalit Mansinha Speech |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_Z7rKzxYJU |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2000 || OSA 2000 Nashville || <ref>{{Citation |title=OSA 2000 Nashville |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1HsXKOf8hPw |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2003 || OSA 2003 Princeton NJ || <ref>{{Citation |title=OSA 2003 Princeton, NJ |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y2e8YbF256Q |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2007 || OSA 2007 Detroit || <ref>{{Citation |title=OSA 2007 Detroit - Bahuda Sandhya |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbTCdt9KSzA |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2007 || OSA 2007 Detroit || <ref>{{Citation |title=OSA 2007 Detroit |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XH8EkgYA86M |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2008 || OSA 2008 Toronto || <ref>{{Citation |title=OSA 2008 Toronto - Moments of Life |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAn-pL2Ms_E |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2009 || OSA 2009 Trenton NJ || <ref>{{Citation |title=2009 Trenton Part 3 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0ZI4qXQTLU |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2011 || Rathyatra || <ref>{{Citation |title=2011 Rathyatra |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X99gMxXYAAk |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2014 || OSA 2014 Ohio || <ref>{{Citation |title=2014 Ohio Part 1 of 8 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsXoOdKY_GE |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2015 || OSA 2015 Washington DC || <ref>{{Citation |title=2015 Washington DC - July 4th - Odissi Dance Festival |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HgsZvWdltIg |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2016 || OSA2016 Rhode Island || <ref>{{Citation |title=Sameet, Harihar Dash, Rituraj, Amrita, Bunu |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJ6ZoKXcv5k |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2018 || OSA 2018 Dearborn MI || <ref>{{Citation |title=2018 OSA Michigan - JULY 5 Thursday Mehfil |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvcrUL3f_4U |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2019 || OSA 2019 Atlantic City NJ || <ref>{{Citation |title=Google Assistant for Odisha Society's 50th Convention in Atlantic City Harrah's July 4-7, 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=45s6FxP8-xA |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2014-2018 || OSA NY/NJ || <ref>{{Cite web |title=OSA NYNJ - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/osanjny |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=www.youtube.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2019 || Converted Videos || <ref>{{Citation |title=OSA 1998 Monterey California - Prafulla Kar Program |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pj1KeMCB2_8 |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2019 || OSA History Video || <ref>{{Citation |title=OSA History created for OSA Golden Jubilee Convention held at Harrah's Atlantic City, New Jersey |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hj7CYTBccz4 |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2019 || OSA 2019 Channel || <ref>{{Cite web |title=osa2019 - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/c/osa2019 |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=www.youtube.com}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://www.odishasociety.org/ Website]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Odisha Society of the Americas, The}}<br />
[[Category:Culture of Odisha]]<br />
[[Category:Economy of Odisha]]<br />
[[Category:International friendship associations]]<br />
[[Category:Overseas Indian organisations]]<br />
[[Category:American organizations established in 1970]]<br />
[[Category:Indian-American culture]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=K._V._Ramana_Reddy&diff=507083K. V. Ramana Reddy2026-04-25T13:24:43Z<p>Ranehospital: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Katipally Venkata Ramana Reddy<br />
| image = K V Ramana Reddy.jpg<br />
| office = [[Member of the Legislative assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency = [[Kamareddy Assembly constituency|Kamareddy]]<br />
| term_start = 3 December 2023<br />
| term_end =<br />
| predecessor = [[Gampa Govardhan]]<br />
| successor = Incumbent<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (2018 - present)<br />
| other_party = *[[Indian National Congress]] (until 2014)<br />
*[[Y. S. R. Congress]] (2014 - 2018)<br />
| birth_date = <br />
| birth_place = <br />
| spouse = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Katipally Venkata Ramana Reddy''' (born 1970)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katipally Venkata Ramana Reddy(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- KAMAREDDY(KAMAREDDY) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/Telangana2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=119 |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Telangana]]. He is a member of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]] from [[Kamareddy Assembly constituency]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. In the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]], he defeated both the incumbent chief minister [[K. Chandrashekar Rao]] and the then to-be-elected chief minister [[Revanth Reddy]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=BJP's 'giant-killer' who beat Revanth Reddy, KCR in Telangana: Who is Katipally Ramana Reddy? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjps-giant-killer-who-beat-revanth-reddy-kcr-in-telangana-who-is-katipally-ramana-reddy-101701609851753.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204011210/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjps-giant-killer-who-beat-revanth-reddy-kcr-in-telangana-who-is-katipally-ramana-reddy-101701609851753.html |archive-date=2023-12-04 |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-04 |title=Giant-killer beats CM, CM-hopeful |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/telangana/news/giant-killer-beats-cm-cm-hopeful/articleshow/105710191.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-18 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He defeated his nearest rival, KCR, by 6741 votes.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Meet Venkata Ramana Reddy, BJP's giant killer who defeated CM KCR in Telangana Assembly Election 2023 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-meet-kvr-venkata-ramana-reddy-bjp-s-giant-killer-who-defeated-cm-kcr-in-telangana-election-2023-kamareddy-3070527 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203221354/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-meet-kvr-venkata-ramana-reddy-bjp-s-giant-killer-who-defeated-cm-kcr-in-telangana-election-2023-kamareddy-3070527 |archive-date=2023-12-03 |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ramana Reddy was appointed the BJP Legislature Party deputy leader on 14 February 2024.<ref name="Aleti to Head BJLP, 7 of 8 BJP MLAs Get LP posts, Raja Singh Left Out">{{cite news |newspaper=Deccan Chronicle |date=14 February 2024 |title=Aleti to Head BJLP, 7 of 8 BJP MLAs Get LP posts, Raja Singh Left Out |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/aleti-to-head-bjlp-7-of-8-bjp-mlas-get-lp-posts-raja-singh-left-out-882183 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215003610/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/aleti-to-head-bjlp-7-of-8-bjp-mlas-get-lp-posts-raja-singh-left-out-882183 |archive-date=15 February 2024 |access-date=7 March 2024 |work=}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Ramana Reddy is a businessperson from [[Kamareddy]], [[Telangana]]. He dropped out of formal education after his Class 12.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Who is Katipally Venkata Ramana Reddy, Giant-Killer Who Beat KCR and Revanth Reddy in Telangana? |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/who-is-katipally-venkata-ramana-reddy-giant-killer-who-beat-kcr-and-revanth-reddy-in-telangana-8689410.html |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> His father, Katipally Raji Reddy, was a Kamareddy panchayat samiti president.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pulloor |first=Narender |date=2023-12-03 |title=Giant-killer Ramana Reddy slays KCR, Revanth |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/031223/giant-killer-ramana-reddy-slays-kcr-revanth.html |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Reddy worked as a Zilla Parishad member in the undivided [[Nizamabad district]] in 2004 and became ZP chairman.<ref name=":0" /> Earlier, he worked in the [[Indian National Congress]] and when Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, the then chief minister of undivided Andhra Pradesh died, he joined YSR Congress Party.Before the [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018 elections]], he joined BJP and contested as MLA but finished a distant third.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Who is Telangana BJP's 'double giant killer' Katipally Venkata Ramana Reddy |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/telangana-bjp-double-giant-killer-katipally-venkata-ramana-reddy-9052819/ |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In recent years, he is credited with taking up local issues.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reddy |first=Ravi |date=2023-12-03 |title=Telangana Assembly elections 2023 results {{!}} BJP first-timer humbles CM KCR, Congress Chief Revanth in Kamareddy |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/telangana-assembly/telangana-assembly-elections-2023-results-bjp-first-timer-humbles-cm-kcr-congress-chief-revanth-in-kamareddy/article67601200.ece |access-date=2023-12-05 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> His donations and support in supplying building materials for the construction of temples in the constituency is said to be one of the reasons that helped him gain a voter base. He also spearheaded the agitation to oppose the 'Master Plan' for Kamareddy that was mooted by the then BRS government.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=BJP's Venkata Ramana Reddy the giant killer of Telangana assembly election |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2023/12/03/mds55-elections-telangana-giant-killer.html |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]], he ran as [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate for the Kamareddy seat. He defeated both [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]'s incumbent chief minister [[K. Chandrashekar Rao|K. Chandrashekhar Rao]], and Congress INC stalwart [[Revanth Reddy]] who became next chief minister.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-04 |title=Ramana Reddy: Meet BJP's Bahubali giant slayer who defeated both KCR & the 'future Telangana CM' |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/telangana-assembly-elections/ramana-reddy-meet-bjps-bahubali-giant-slayer-who-defeated-both-kcr-the-future-telangana-cm/articleshow/105722003.cms |access-date=2023-12-05 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wake-up call for Oppn ahead of LS polls: BJP bags MP, Raj, C'garh |url=https://newstrailindia.com/inner.php?id=18549 |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=NEWS TRAIL |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-04 |title=Meet The Man Who Defeated Both The Sitting CM Of Telangana, KCR & Congress CM Candidate, Revanth |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/bt-tv/video/meet-the-man-who-defeated-both-the-sitting-cm-of-telangana-kcr-congress-cm-candidate-revanth-408189-2023-12-04 |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref> BJP won in Kamareddy seat for the first-time .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-07 |title=Telangana's 'Giant Killer': Tough Road Ahead |url=https://www.m9.news/politics/telanganas-giant-killer-tough-road-ahead/ |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=M9.news |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
In an affidavit filed to the [[Election Commission of India]], he declared assets amounting to {{INRConvert|49|c|year=3023|to=USD}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KVR is Telangana BJP's giants-slayer, defeats outgoing and incoming chief ministers |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/telangana-assembly-polls-2023/story/bjp-candidate-venkata-ramana-reddy-takes-surprise-lead-in-telanganas-kamareddy-2471347-2023-12-03 |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=India Today |date=3 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2023 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2023]]: Kamareddy (Assembly constituency)}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Katipally Venkata Ramana Reddy|K. V. Ramana Reddy]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=66,652|percentage=34.55|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao]]|party=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|votes=59,911|percentage=31.06|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Anumula Revanth Reddy]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=54,916|percentage=28.47|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=474|percentage=0.25|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority|votes=6,741|percentage=3.49|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,92,889|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Bharatiya Janata Party|loser=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|swing=}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2018 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Kamareddy}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party=Telangana Rashtra Samithi<br />
|candidate=[[Gampa Govardhan]]<br />
|votes=68,167<br />
|percentage=42.02<br />
|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party=Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate=[[Mohammed Ali Shabbir]]<br />
|votes=63,610<br />
|percentage=39.21<br />
|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
| candidate = K. V. Ramana Reddy<br />
| votes = 15,439<br />
| percentage = 9.52<br />
| change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
| party = None of the above<br />
| candidate = [[None of the Above]] <br />
| votes = 1,471<br />
| percentage = 0.91<br />
| change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|votes=5,007 |percentage=2.81|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,62,228|percentage=78.83|change=}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
| winner =Telangana Rashtra Samithi <br />
| loser =Indian National Congress<br />
| swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, Katipally Venkata Ramana}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1970 births]]<br />
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2023–2028]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Indian far-right politicians]]<br />
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Kamareddy district]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ponguleti_Srinivasa_Reddy&diff=525868Ponguleti Srinivasa Reddy2026-04-25T06:51:48Z<p>Ranehospital: Starting New Data...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1965)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Ponguleti Srinivasa Reddy<br />
| image =<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|10|28|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = Narayanapuram, [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]] (now, [[Telangana]])<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| office = [[Revanth Reddy ministry|Minister of Housing, Revenue and <br> Information & Public Relations]]<br>{{small|[[Government of Telangana]]}}<br />
| term_start = 07 December 2023<br />
| governor = * [[Tamilisai Soundararajan]] (2023-2024)<br />
* [[C.P. Radhakrishnan]]<br/>{{small|(Additional charge)}} (2024) <br />
* [[Jishnu Dev Varma]] (2024-)<br />
| term_end = <br />
| 1blankname = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata = [[Anumula Revanth Reddy]]<br />
| predecessor = * [[Vemula Prashanth Reddy]]<br/>(Housing & Revenue)<br />
* [[Patnam Mahender Reddy]]<br/>(Information & Public Relations)<br />
| office1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start1 = 09 December 2023<br />
| predecessor1 = Kandala Upender Reddy<br />
| constituency1 = [[Palair Assembly constituency|Palair]]<br />
| office3 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]<br />
| term_start3 = 26 May 2014<br />
| term_end3 = 23 May 2019<br />
| constituency3 = [[Khammam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khammam, Telangana]]<br />
| predecessor3 = [[Nama Nageswara Rao]]<br />
| successor3 = [[Nama Nageswara Rao]]<br />
| spouse = Ponguleti Madhuri<br />
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (2023 - Present)<br />
| other_party = [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]<br />(2016-2023)<br/ >[[YSR Congress Party]]<br />(2011-2016)<br/ > <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ponguleti Srinivasa Reddy''' is an Indian politician currently serving as a Minister for Revenue, Housing, Information and Public Relations in Government of Telangana, since 7 December 2023. Ponguleti represented Khammam Lok Sabha constituency between 2014 and 2019.<br />
<br />
==Political career==<br />
He won Lok Sabha election from [[Khammam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khammam]] as a YSRCP candidate in 2014.<br />
<br />
He later changed to regional political party TRS (Telangana Rashtra Samithi). In the general elections of 2018. he supported the M.L.A. candidate Lingala Kamalraju on behalf of the TRS.<br />
<br />
In 2023, Ponguleti Srinivasa Reddy was suspended from [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|BRS party]] (formerly TRS), for alleged anti-party activities.<ref name="BRS suspends Ponguleti, Jupally">{{cite news |last1=Deccan Chronicle |title=BRS suspends Ponguleti, Jupally |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/100423/brs-suspends-ponguleti-jupally.html |access-date=5 July 2023 |date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705071215/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/100423/brs-suspends-ponguleti-jupally.html |archive-date=5 July 2023}}</ref> Later he Joined in [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] on 2 July 2023 at ‘Telangana Jana Garjana’ public meeting held in Khammam in the presence of [[Rahul Gandhi]].<ref name="Former Leader Of KCR's Party Joins Congress">{{cite news |last1=NDTV |date=3 July 2023 |title=Former Leader Of KCR's Party Joins Congress |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/former-leader-of-kcrs-party-joins-congress-4171996 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705071833/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/former-leader-of-kcrs-party-joins-congress-4171996 |archive-date=5 July 2023 |access-date=5 July 2023 |work=}}</ref><ref name="Congress will come to power, usher in ‘pro-poor’ regime: Ponguleti Srinivas Reddy">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |date=2 July 2023 |title=Congress will come to power, usher in 'pro-poor' regime: Ponguleti Srinivas Reddy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/congress-will-come-to-power-usher-in-pro-poor-regime-ponguleti-srinivas-reddy/article67035019.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705072122/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/congress-will-come-to-power-usher-in-pro-poor-regime-ponguleti-srinivas-reddy/article67035019.ece |archive-date=5 July 2023 |access-date=5 July 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2023 Telangana Assembly Election, Reddy elected from Palair Assembly Constituency with a huge Majority of 56,650 Votes. Reddy is currently serving as Cabinet Minister with Revenue & Housing and Information & Public Relations departments in the Government of Telangana.<ref name="Portfolios allocated to Ministers in the new Telangana Cabinet">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |date=9 December 2023 |title=Portfolios allocated to Ministers in the new Telangana Cabinet |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/full-list-of-telangana-cabinet-and-council-of-ministers/article67620817.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121123943/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/full-list-of-telangana-cabinet-and-council-of-ministers/article67620817.ece |archive-date=21 January 2024 |access-date=21 January 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Revanth Reddy assigns portfolios to 11 ministers in Telangana Cabinet: Full list">{{cite news |last1=India Today |date=9 December 2023 |title=Revanth Reddy assigns portfolios to 11 ministers in Telangana Cabinet: Full list |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/revanth-reddy-portfolios-11-ministers-telangana-cabinet-keeps-law-order-general-administration-full-list-2474051-2023-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121125317/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/revanth-reddy-portfolios-11-ministers-telangana-cabinet-keeps-law-order-general-administration-full-list-2474051-2023-12-09 |archive-date=21 January 2024 |access-date=21 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Election Statistics==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!<br />
! Year<br />
! Contested For<br />
! colspan="2" | Party<br />
! Constituency<br />
! Opponent<br />
! Votes<br />
! Majority<br />
! Result<br />
! Reference <br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
| [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<br />
| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}<br />
| [[Khammam Lok Sabha constituency|Khammam]]<br />
| [[Nama Nageswara Rao]] ([[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]])<br />
| 4,22,434 - 4,10,230<br />
| +12,204<br />
| {{WON}} <br />
|<br />
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/khammam-lok-sabha | title=Khammam Lok Sabha Election Result - Parliamentary Constituency }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
| [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
| rowspan = "1" |[[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress| rowspan=1}}<br />
| [[Palair Assembly constituency|Palair]]<br />
| Kandala Upender Reddy ([[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|BRS]])<br />
| 1,27,820 - 71,170<br />
| +56,650<br />
| {{WON}}<br />
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/telangana/palair-assembly-result-29113 | title=Palair assembly election results 2023: Palair Winning Candidates List and Vote Share }}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{16th LS members from Telangana}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, Ponguleti Srinivas}}<br />
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]<br />
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Khammam]]<br />
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]<br />
[[Category:1965 births]]<br />
[[Category:Bharat Rashtra Samithi politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]<br />
<br />
{{Telangana-INC-politician-stub}}</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rameswaram,_Konaseema_district&diff=529298Rameswaram, Konaseema district2026-04-22T11:36:31Z<p>Ranehospital: Starting A Location...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{more citations needed|date=September 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --><br />
| name = Rameswaram<br />
| native_name = <br />
| settlement_type = Village<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| mapframe = yes<br />
| mapframe-zoom = 14<br />
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh<br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = <br />
| coordinates = {{coord|16.3989|N|81.7431|E|region:IN-AP_type:city|display=inline,title}}<br />
| coor_pinpoint = <br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = [[India]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Konaseema district|Konaseema]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Subdistrict]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = Sakhinetipalli<br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| population_total = <br />
| population_as_of = <br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +05:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|Pincode]]<br />
| postal_code = 533251<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pincode.org.in/andhra-pradesh/east-godavari/r/rameswaram |title=PinCode: Rameswaram, East Godavri |publisher=PINcode.org.in |accessdate=18 Feb 2015}}</ref><br />
| footnotes =<br />
}}<br />
'''Rameswaram''' is a village of [[Sakhinetipalli]] Mandal in [[Konaseema district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Konaseema district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Konaseema district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Konaseema-geo-stub}}</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=R._Sasikala&diff=527743R. Sasikala2026-04-20T08:55:49Z<p>Ranehospital: Starting Stub...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = R. Sasikala<br />
| image =<br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1974|6|24|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = Kilavaladi, Tamil Nadu, India<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| office = Member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly<br />
| constituency = [[Krishnarayapuram Assembly constituency|Krishnarayapuram]]<br />
| term_start = 2001<br />
| term_end = 2006<br />
| predecessor = [[S. Nagarathinam]]<br />
| successor = P. Kamaraj<br />
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]<br />
| spouse = <br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| occupation = [[Agriculture]]<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''R. Sasikala''' is an [[Politics of India|Indian politician]] and a former Member of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]. She hails from [[Kulithalai]] town in the [[Karur district]]. A [[postgraduate degree]] holder and a member of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) party,{{Citation needed|date=March 2026}} she contested and won the [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]] [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] election from the [[Krishnarayapuram Assembly constituency]] to become an MLA.<ref>Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly "WHO'S WHO Twelfth Assembly 2001. Chennai-600009: Legislature Assembly Secretariat, Chennai-600009. April 2002. p. 457-459.</ref><br />
<br />
==Electoral Performance==<br />
===2001===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Krishnarayapuram<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Sasikala |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=64,046 |percentage=55.09% |change=+18.01 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Periyasamy |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=42,497 |percentage=36.56% |change=-13.79 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Rajendran |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=4,380 |percentage=3.77% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Rengasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=2,576 |percentage=2.22% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Raju |party=Independent politician |votes=988 |percentage=0.85% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Raju |party=Independent politician |votes=698 |percentage=0.60% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Perumal |party=Thaayaga Makkal Katchi |votes=667 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=21,549 |percentage=18.54% |change= 5.28% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,16,247 |percentage=65.80% |change= -5.33% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,76,754 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 4.75% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1974 births]]<br />
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2001–2006]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
<br />
{{AIADMK-politician-stub}}</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satish_Sharma_(politician)&diff=533483Satish Sharma (politician)2026-04-16T07:23:04Z<p>Ranehospital: adding a bio</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| office = [[Second Omar Abdullah ministry|Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
| predecessor =<br />
| successor = <br />
| lieutenant_governor = [[Manoj Sinha]]<br />
| 1blankname = [[List of Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir|Chief Minister]]<br />
| 1namedata = [[Omar Abdullah]]<br />
| term_start = 16 October 2024<br />
| term_end = <br />
| 2blankname = [[Second Omar Abdullah ministry|Ministry and Departments]]<br />
| 2namedata = *Food, Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs<br />
*Transport, Science & Technology<br />
*Information Technology<br />
*Youth Services & Sports<br />
*ARI & Training<br />
| office1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the]] [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency1 = [[Chhamb Assembly constituency|Chhamb]]<br />
| term_start1 = 8 October 2024<br />
| term_end1 = <br />
| party = [[Independent politician|Independent]]<br />
| birth_place = [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]<br />
| relations = [[Madan Lal Sharma]] (father)<br /><br />
[[Sham Lal Sharma]] (uncle)<br />
| other_party = [[File:Indian National Congress hand logo.svg|20px]][[Indian National Congress]] {{small|(Before 2024)}}<br />
| predecessor1 = [[Kirshan Lal]]<br />
| education = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Dogra Law College]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B]])<br />
* [[University of Wales]] ([[Masters in Business Administration|MBA]])}} <br />
}}<br />
'''Satish Sharma''' is an Indian politician from Jammu and Kashmir, currently serving as the cabinet minister in the government of Jammu and Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashiq |first=Peerzada |date=2024-10-16 |title=Omar Abdullah sworn in as new CM of Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir; Surinder Kumar Choudhary to be his deputy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/jammu-and-kashmir-assembly/omar-abdullah-sworn-in-as-first-cm-of-ut-jammu-and-kashmir/article68759594.ece |access-date=2024-10-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He is a member of [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]. Sharma won [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024 assembly election]] from [[Chhamb Assembly constituency|Chhamb]] as an Independent candidate and later gave his support to Omar Abdullaah and his party National conference Government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Chhamb, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: Independent candidate Satish Sharma with 33985 defeats BJP's Rajeev Sharma |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/chhamb-jammu-and-kashmir-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-aelb-2612960-2024-10-08 |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Chhamb FINAL Election Result 2024: Satish Sharma of IND Wins by... |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/chhamb-final-election-result-2024-2-9079379.html |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Life and education ==<br />
Sharma was born in a [[Dogras|Dogra]] [[Brahmin]] family in [[Jammu]]. Sharma comes from political background being the son of late senior Congress leader [[Madan Lal Sharma]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-16 |title=Also in J&K Cabinet, an Independent and rebel who felled a Congress heavyweight |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/jk-cabinet-independent-rebel-congress-chhamb-satish-sharma-9623083/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He did his [[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B]] from [[Dogra Law College]] and received his MBA degree from [[University of Wales]] in 2008.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Omar's balancing act as five-member cabinet takes charge in J&K |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/omars-balancing-act-as-five-member-cabinet-takes-charge-in-jk-101729077943724.html}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Satish Sharma: An independent who withstood BJP in Jammu |url=https://m.greaterkashmir.com/article/satish-sharma-an-independent-who-withstood-bjp-in-jammu/340628/ |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Greaterkashmir |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Sharma political career began when he unsuccessfully contested from Bhalwal Brahmana constituency in 2020 District Development Councils elections and independent candidate.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
In [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]], Sharma contested from [[Chhamb Assembly constituency]] and won with a margin of 6929 votes, defeating former MLA [[Rajeev Sharma (politician)|Rajeev Sharma]] of BJP and former deputy chief minister, [[Tara Chand (Jammu-Kashmir politician)|Tara Chand]] of Congress.<ref name=":0" /> On 16 October 2024, he was sworn in as the cabinet minister in the newly formed government of Jammu and Kashmir.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/jammu-and-kashmir-assembly/omar-abdullah-sworn-in-as-first-cm-of-ut-jammu-and-kashmir/article68759594.ece | title=Omar Abdullah sworn in as new CM of Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir; Surinder Kumar Choudhary to be his deputy | newspaper=The Hindu | last1=Ashiq | first1=Peerzada }}</ref> On 18 October 2024, following an order issued by [[Manoj Sinha|Lieutenant Governor Sinha]] to allocate portfolios to [[Second Omar Abdullah ministry|council of ministers]] on the advice of chief minister, Sharma was given the charge of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs, Transport, Science and Technology, Information Technology, Youth Services and Sports and ARI and Trainings.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2024-10-18 |title=J&K L-G allocates portfolios; who gets what in newly inducted Omar Abdullah-led cabinet |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jammu-and-kashmir/jk-l-g-allocates-portfolios-who-gets-what-in-newly-inducted-omar-abdullah-led-cabinet/article68767814.ece |access-date=2024-10-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024 Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]<br />
* [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Satish}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2024–2029]]<br />
[[Category:Independent politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
[[Category:Politicians from Jammu]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Wales]]<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agartala_Sadar_III_Assembly_constituency&diff=484808Agartala Sadar III Assembly constituency2026-04-15T23:29:19Z<p>Ranehospital: Stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Tripura legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Agartala Sadar III<br />
| type= SLA<br />
| state = [[Tripura]]<br />
| established = 1963<br />
| abolished = 1967<br />
| electors = 21,446<br />
| mla = T. M. D. Gupta<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}<br />
| constituency_no =<br />
| latest_election_year = [[1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
| district =<br />
| loksabha_cons =<br />
| reservation =<br />
}}<br />
'''Agartala Sadar III Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tripura]].<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Election<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
| [[1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || T. M. D. Gupta || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|}<br />
== Election results ==<br />
=== 1967 Assembly election ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Agartala Sadar III<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006135955/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201967.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=T. M. D. Gupta |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,872 |percentage=57.18% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. S. Gupta |party=Independent politician |votes=5,283 |percentage=34.05% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Dey |party=Independent politician |votes=1,215 |percentage=7.83% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. R. Roy |party=Independent politician |votes=146 |percentage=0.94% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,589 |percentage=23.13% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=15,516 |percentage=75.57% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 21,446 |ref = |change= }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Tripura}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Tripura}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tripura]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Tripura]]<br />
[[Category:Agartala]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1963]]<br />
[[Category:1963 establishments in Tripura]]<br />
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1967]]<br />
[[Category:1967 disestablishments in India]]<br />
{{Tripura-geo-stub}}</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ram_Sahay_Varma&diff=529016Ram Sahay Varma2026-04-11T20:48:59Z<p>Ranehospital: Starting Details...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Ram Sahay Varma<br />
| office = Member of [[16th Rajasthan Assembly]]<br />
| constituency = [[Niwai Assembly constituency|Niwai]]<br />
| country = {{flag|India}}<br />
| assembly = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| predecessor = Prashant Bairwa<br />
| successor =<br />
| term_start = 3 December 2023<br />
| term_end = <br />
| source = <br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_place = <br />
| occupation = Politician<br />
| profession = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ram Sahay Varma''' is an Indian politician currently serving as a member of the [[16th Rajasthan Assembly]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/rajasthan/niwai-sc-assembly-result-20095|title=Niwai (SC) Assembly Election Results 2023: Niwai (SC) Election Candidates List, Chunav Results, Vote Share News in Hindi &#124; निवाई विधानसभा चुनाव परिणाम 2023 - AajTak|website=Aaj Tak|language=hi}}</ref> representing the [[Niwai Assembly constituency]], as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/rajasthan-assembly-election-2023/rajasthan-niwai-constituency-95.html|title=Niwai Election Result 2023 Live, Niwai Elections Vote Counting, Rajasthan Results 2023 &#124; ABP News|website=news.abplive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/niwai|title=Niwai Constituency Election Results 2023: Niwai Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner|website=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Political career==<br />
Following the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/niwai-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470710-2023-12-03|title=Niwai Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BJP's Ram Sahay Varma (regar) wins Niwai with 91695 votes|website=India Today|date=3 December 2023 }}</ref> he was elected as an MLA from the Niwai Assembly constituency. He defeated Indian national Congress (INC) candidate Prashant Bairwa with 12,941 votes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/rajasthan-assembly-election/Niwai-95|title=Niwai Assembly Rajasthan Election 2023 Results Live: Rajasthan constituency Results, Winner list and vote share|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Varma, Ram Sahay}}<br />
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
<br />
{{Rajasthan-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mule_Sudheer_Reddy&diff=518941Mule Sudheer Reddy2026-04-11T09:45:34Z<p>Ranehospital: Stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly <br> Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| term_start = 23 May 2019<br />
| term_end = 4 June 2024<br />
| predecessor = [[C. Adinarayana Reddy]]<br />
| successor = [[C. Adinarayana Reddy]]<br />
| constituency = [[Jammalamadugu Assembly constituency|Jammalamadugu]]<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|3|12|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = Nidijuvvi, [[Yerraguntla]], [[YSR district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| party = [[YSR Congress Party]]<br />
| father = Mule Venkata Subba Reddy<br />
| relatives = * [[M. V. Mysura Reddy]] (Uncle)<br />
* [[Kethireddy Venkatarami Reddy]] (brother-in-law)<br />
* [[Kethireddy Pedda Reddy]] (uncle-in-law)<br />
| education = [[MBBS]]<br />
| alma_mater = Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, [[Karnataka]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Mule Sudheer Reddy''' (born 1985) is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He is an MLA of [[YSR Congress Party]] from [[Jammalamadugu Assembly constituency]] in [[Kadapa district]]. He won the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jammalamadugu Constituency Election Results 2019: Jammalamadugu Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/constituency-show/jammalamadugu |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-05-23 |title=Jammalamadugu Election Results 2019 Live Updates: Mule Sudheer Reddy of YSRCP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/jammalamadugu-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2154423.html |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election 2019 Constituency Wise Winning Candidates List |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/assembly-chunav/andhra-pradesh/constituency-list |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=archive |first=From our online |date=2019-04-06 |title=INTERVIEW {{!}} Faction politics a thing of past, now people think wisely and oppose it strongly: Dr M.Sudheer Reddy |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2019/apr/06/interview--faction-politics-a-thing-of-past-now-people-think-wisely-and-oppose-it-strongly-dr-msudheer-reddy-1960895.html |access-date=2025-04-27 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Reddy was born in Nidijivi village of Yerraguntla mandal, Kadapa district.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-04-06 |title=INTERVIEW {{!}} Faction politics a thing of past, now people think wisely and oppose it strongly: Dr M.Sudheer Reddy |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2019/Apr/06/interview--faction-politics-a-thing-of-past-now-people-think-wisely-and-oppose-it-strongly-dr-msudheer-reddy-1960895.html |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> His father's name is Mule Venkata Subba Reddy. He completed his MBBS in 2004 from Adichunchangiri Institute of Medical Sciences, [[Mandya district]], Karnataka. Later, he did a two-year diploma in Anesthesia'''.'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-26 |title=Mule Sudheer Reddy {{!}} MLA {{!}} YSRCP {{!}} Jammalamadugu {{!}} Andhra Pradesh |url=https://theleaderspage.com/mule-sudheer-reddy/ |access-date=2024-05-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> He is a nephew of former minister M. V. Mysoora Reddy.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=జమ్మలమడుగు : జగన్ జోలికొచ్చిన పెదనాన్న.. స్ట్రాంగ్ కౌంటరిచ్చిన కొడుకు |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/andhra-pradesh/news/jammalamadugu-mla-sudheer-reddy-slams-senior-leader-mv-mysura-reddy/articleshow/84672633.cms |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Reddy started his political career with [[Indian National Congress]] but joined [[YSR Congress Party]] when it started in 2011. He was first elected as MLA in the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] on YSRCP ticket from Jammalamadugu defeating Ponnapureddy Rama Subba Reddy of [[Telugu Desam Party]] by a margin of 51,641 votes.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jammalamadugu Assembly Election 2024: Jammalamadugu Election Winning Candidates List, Election Date, Results, Vote Share New-IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/andhra-pradesh/jammalamadugu-constituency-result-1131 |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-26 |title=Mule Sudheer Reddy {{!}} MLA {{!}} YSRCP {{!}} Jammalamadugu {{!}} Andhra Pradesh |url=https://theleaderspage.com/mule-sudheer-reddy/ |access-date=2025-04-27 |language=en-US|website=The Leaders Page}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sudheer Reddy, Mule}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]<br />
[[Category:1985 births]]<br />
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]<br />
[[Category:People from Kadapa district]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahendra_Pal_Singh_(legal_scholar)&diff=514957Mahendra Pal Singh (legal scholar)2026-04-07T23:31:29Z<p>Ranehospital: Stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian jurist and scholar (1940–2026)}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = M.P. Singh<br />
| order =<br />
| office = [[Central University of Haryana|Chancellor, Central University of Haryana]]<br />
| term_start = <br />
| term_end = <br />
| birth_name = M. P. Singh<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1940|7|15}}<br />
| birth_place = Jitholi, [[Meerut district]], United Provinces, British India<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2026|3|7|1940|7|15}}<br />
| death_place = <br />
| alma_mater = [[Columbia University]]<br/>[[University of Lucknow]]<br/>[[University of Agra]]<br />
| module = {{infobox academic<br />
| child = yes<br />
| sub_discipline = Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, Comparative Law, Indian Legal System, Human Rights, and Law and Development<br />
}} <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Mahendra Pal Singh''' (15 July 1940 – 7 March 2026) was an Indian jurist and a scholar of [[constitutional law]], administrative law and comparative law, and Professor Emeritus at University of Delhi. He later served as a research professor of law, Distinguished Scholar in Public Law & Comparative Law, Director – Centre for Comparative Law and Chairman of the Law School Doctoral Committee at Jindal Global Law School, [[OP Jindal Global University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jgu.edu.in/jgls/faculty/mahendra-pal-singh/,%20https://jgu.edu.in/jgls/faculty/mahendra-pal-singh/|title=Prof. (Dr.) Mahendra Pal Singh &#124;|date=6 September 2019}}</ref> Singh is best known amongst students of the [[Constitution of India]] as the author of ''V.N. Shukla's Constitution of India'' a standard textbook for lawyers on the Constitution of India. Internationally however, he is more renowned amongst scholars of comparative law for his work, ''German Administrative Law in Common Law Perspective''.<br />
<br />
==Early life and influences==<br />
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2026}}<br />
Singh was born in a village called Jitholi in the district of [[Meerut district|Meerut]] in [[United Provinces (1937–1950)|United Provinces]]. Having lost his parents at a very young age, he was brought up by his grandparents. Most of his childhood and adulthood were spent in this rural environment, an element which according to him left a lasting impression on his understanding of the nature of Indian legal systems. He received his [[Bachelor of Arts]] from the University of Agra, followed by an LL.B from the same institution. He said that he had been motivated to study the Constitution after having read [[Edward Samuel Corwin|Corwin's]] ''"The Higher Law" Background of American Constitutional Law''. He read for his LL.M at [[University of Lucknow]] under the leading constitutional law expert, [[V. N. Shukla]]. He followed it up with another LL.M at the [[Columbia Law School]], where he had the opportunity to study under the leading authority on American administrative law and civil liberties, Walter Gellhorn. He came back to India to read for his LL.D from the University of Lucknow. In 1970, Singh joined the Faculty of Law, University of Delhi, where he was to remain as a professor of Law until 2005. At the University of Delhi, P. K. Tripathi had an important influence on his work. From 1980 until 1982 and then again in 1985, he studied and researched in Germany at the South Asia Institute of the [[University of Heidelberg]], and at the [[Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law]]. The result was not only a fruition of learned academics, but also lifelong association with leading German scholars. Most important of these was Dietrich Conrad, one of the leading scholars of constitutional law from post-World War II Germany.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Singh started his career in 1964 as a lecturer of law at the University of Meerut, and later in 1970 moved to the [[Faculty of Law, University of Delhi]]. He also served as the Director of the [[Indian Law Institute]]. From December 2006 to December 2011, he was the Vice-Chancellor of [[The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences]], [[Kolkata]]. NUJS Law Review, which is a quarterly publication of that university, was conceptualised by him and has undertaken the responsibility of conducting and publishing its own research.<ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://www.nujslawreview.org/pdf/articles/2008_1/foreword_by_prof.m.p.singh.pdf|title = Foreword|last = Singh|first = Mahendra P.|date = January 1, 2008|journal = NUJS Law Review|access-date = January 3, 2015}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He was also its founding Editor-in-Chief.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nujslawreview.org/index.html |title=NUJS Law Review, Kolkata, India |accessdate=2009-07-26 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422234107/http://www.nujslawreview.org/index.html |archivedate=22 April 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> He had also been the Chairperson of the Delhi Judicial Academy. Singh was until his death Chancellor of the Central University of Haryana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cuh.ac.in/|title=Central University Of Haryana|website=www.cuh.ac.in}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=This is just the institutional homepage|date=January 2021}} He was also a visiting professor at the National Law University Delhi where he held the Chair of Comparative Law.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nludelhi.ac.in/pep-fac-new-pro.aspx?Id=19|title=National Law University Delhi|website=nludelhi.ac.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
On his 70th birthday on 15 July 2010, a [[festschrift]] titled "Law and (In) Equalities" was released in his honour. The book dwells on the aspects of societal inequality in India, a theme which remained central to Singh's study of Indian Constitution and law. In another gesture, on 12 December 2009, the All India Law Teacher's Congress presented Professor Singh the 'Life Time Best Teacher Award'. On 28 September 2017, the University of Delhi conferred upon him the title of Professor Emeritus in recognition of his achievements as Professor of Law.<br />
<br />
==Central themes in work==<br />
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2026}}<br />
Unarguably, Singh's most important contribution was by way of analysing and understanding persistent inequalities in Indian society. Within the framework of the Indian Constitution, he argued for a distinction between distributive justice and compensatory justice, emphasising the importance of the latter in battling the age-old hierarchies within Indian society. His work on reservation for backward classes and minorities led to him to conclude that the fundamental rights mentioned in the Constitution should be interpreted in an Indian context, which means that a betterment of the society has to be brought about in terms of understanding and improving the Indian ways of life, rather than attempting their surgical replacement.<br />
<br />
==Positions held==<br />
Singh was a fellow and visiting professor at several institutions and universities of international repute. In 1985 he was designated as the Professor of Law at Faculty of Law, University of Delhi. in 1994, he was appointed the Dean of the Faculty of Law, and Head of the Department of Law, University of Delhi, positions that he retained till 1997. In 1980–1982 and again in 1985 he was [[Alexander von Humboldt Fellow]] at the [[University of Heidelberg]]. The result of this stay was not only his works on German administrative law, and on minorities, but also a long and fruitful association between Indian and German legal academia. He briefly served as the Director of the Indian Law Institute in 1997. He joined the West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences as its Vice-Chancellor in December 2006 till 2011. Between 2007 and 2010 he co-chaired Task Force - 1, Commission on Centre-State Relationship, Government of India. He then served as Chairperson of Delhi Judicial Academy from 2011 till 2013. He also served as External Advisor, Centre for Minority Studies, Kansai University, Japan.<br />
<br />
He was also a visiting professor and Head of Law Division at the South Asia Institute, University of Heidelberg in 1987–88 and visiting professor at the Faculty of Law, University of Heidelberg in 1991–92. In 1999–2000 and 2001 he was fellow at the [[Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law]], Heidelberg. He was a visiting professor at the [[University of Hong Kong]] and the [[City University of Hong Kong]] in 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 2000 and 2005, [[Kansai University]], Osaka in 2002, [[National University of Singapore]] in 2005 and [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]], New Delhi in 2006. In 2002–03 he was fellow at the [[Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928093021/http://www.wiko-berlin.de/index.php?id=196&no_cache=1&L=1&tx_wikofellows_pi1][action]=details&tx_wikofellows_pi1[uid]=338&tx_wikofellows_pi1[backpid]=155</ref> and in 2004, at the [[Indian Institute of Science]], Bangalore. In 2008 [[Renmin University of China]], Beijing honoured him as visiting professor for three years. His publications include over one hundred papers in different legal journals and edited works and ten books including ''German Administrative Law in Common Law Perspective'', ''Freedom of Trade and Commerce in India'', ''Comparative Constitutional Law'', ''Legal Dimensions of Market Economy and Human Rights and Basic Needs''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nujs.edu/faculty/mahendra-p-singh.html |title=Mahendra Pal Singh NUJS Vice Chancellor Professor Administration Kolkata Law University |accessdate=2009-07-26 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827002130/http://www.nujs.edu/faculty/mahendra-p-singh.html |archivedate=27 August 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Work on legal education in India==<br />
Singh laid especial emphasis in making legal education more meaningful to Indian society by making the top law schools more accessible to the students from less privileged background. At NUJS, and thereafter, he was leading an effort called IDIA, or '[[Increasing Diversity by Increasing Access]]', which involves an engagement with schoolgoing children from different parts of semi-urban and rural India and to encourage and help them enter the top law schools of the country. Towards the same end, he also headed a group of academicians, called the Legal Education and Research Society or 'LEARS' as it is popularly referred to. He also ran a school in his village Jitholi for the children of the nearby places. Students from [[West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences|NUJS]] and volunteers from IDIA have often visited and interacted with the children of this school.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}<br />
<br />
==Personal life and death==<br />
Singh was married to Sarla Singh, who was also a teacher. They had three children: Sandhya, Shailendra and Swati.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}<br />
<br />
Singh died on 7 March 2026, at the age of 85.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/legal-scholar-former-nujs-vice-chancellor-prof-mp-singh-passes-away | title=Legal scholar and former NUJS Vice-Chancellor Prof MP Singh passes away|date=7 March 2026}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{s-start}}<br />
{{succession box|<br />
before= [[B.S. Chimni]]| <br />
title=[[NUJS|Vice Chancellor of NUJS]]|<br />
years = December 2006 – December 2012|<br />
after = Ishwara P Bhatt<br />
}}<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Mahendra Pal}}<br />
[[Category:1940 births]]<br />
[[Category:2026 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Deans of law schools in India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian legal scholars]]<br />
[[Category:Scholars of constitutional law]]<br />
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Academic staff of Kansai University]]<br />
[[Category:Academic staff of Delhi University]]<br />
[[Category:Academic staff of South Asia Institute Heidelberg]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jhalak_Dikhhla_Jaa_season_7&diff=506138Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 72026-04-05T03:07:13Z<p>Ranehospital: started a details...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}<br />
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| judges = [[Remo D'Souza]]<br>[[Madhuri Dixit]]<br>[[Karan Johar]]<br />
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| episode_list = <br />
}}<br />
'''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7''' is the seventh season of the dance reality show, ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]''. It premiered on 7 June 2014 on Colors. The series was hosted by [[Ranvir Shorey]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranvir Shorey to co-host Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Season 7|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/ranvir-shorey-to-co-host-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-season-7/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=9 May 2014}}</ref> and [[Drashti Dhami]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Drashti-Dhami-in-Jhalak-Dikhhla-Jaa-Drashti-Dhami-in-madhubala-Drashti-Dhami-to-host-Jhalak-Dikhhla-Jaa/articleshow/35118937.cms|title=Drashti Dhami to host Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa|access-date=20 June 2022|first=Tanvi|last=Trivedi|date=15 May 2014}}</ref> but later got replaced by [[Manish Paul]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/host-drashti-dhami-sacked-from-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-7/15394195|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7: Drashti Dhami sacked, Manish Paul to rpelace her|date=21 June 2014 |access-date=21 June 2014}}</ref> [[Madhuri Dixit]], [[Karan Johar]] and [[Remo D'Souza]] were the three judges.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-7-madhuri-dixit-karan-johar-remo-dsouza-194675-2014-05-27|title=Catch never seen before action on Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7|access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> The finale took place on 20 September 2014 and was won by [[Ashish Sharma]] and Shampa Gopikrishna.<br />
<br />
==Format==<br />
{{Further|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa#Format}}<br />
The couples dance each week while the judges score each performance out of ten. This time as there are four judges the scores will be up to forty.<br />
<br />
With the judges scores and public votes added all together, judges them decide which two couples are in the bottom and will have to do a face off. One contestant gets eliminated each week.<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
{{Multiple image<br />
| align = right<br />
| total_width = 335<br />
<br />
| header = Judges for Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Series 7<br />
<br />
| image1 = Madhuri Dixit Dedh Ishqiya.jpg<br />
| alt1 = <br />
| caption1 = [[Madhuri Dixit]]<br />
<br />
| image2 = Karan Johar.jpg<br />
| alt2 =<br />
| caption2 = [[Karan Johar]]<br />
<br />
| image3 = Kajol, Ajay Devgn and Remo D'Souza promoting Tanhaji (cropped).jpg<br />
| alt3 =<br />
| caption3 = [[Remo D'Souza]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
The series was announced in February 2014. The press conference and launch was held on 2 June 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-season-7-13-celebrity-contestants-their-choreographers-revealed-photos-601526|title='Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa' Season 7: 13 Celebrity Contestants and their Choreographers Revealed [PHOTOS]|date=3 June 2014}}</ref> The shooting of the series also started from 3 June. [[Colors TV]] had released its promos in May 2014 introducing the celebrity contestants.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/jhalak-dikh-laja-7-mouni-roy-to-participate-14475.html|title=Jhalak Dikh Laja 7: Mouni Roy shoots for promo video|date=23 May 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
In May 2014, it was announced that [[Ranvir Shorey]] will be replacing [[Kapil Sharma]] as one of the presenters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/ranvir-shorey-host-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-7-192380-2014-05-10|title=Ranvir Shorey to host Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7|date=10 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-7-ranvir-shorey-to-hos-dancing-show-14183.html|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7: Former VJ Ranvir Shorey returns back to TV|date=10 May 2014}}</ref> [[Drashti Dhami]] also was revealed to be hosting the show alongside Ranvir.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/drashti-dhami-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-7-ranvir-shorey-193062-2014-05-15|title=Drashti Dhami to co-host Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7 with Ranvir Shorey?|date=15 May 2014}}</ref> In June 2014, Dhami quit the series as a presenter weeks after the show's launch and got replaced by [[Manish Paul]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-7-drashti-dhami-quits-the-show-15134.html|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7: Drashti Dhami quits the show|date=22 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/manish-paul-replaces-drashti-dhami-on-jhalak-dhikhhla-jaa/20140620.htm|title=Manish Paul replaces Drashti Dhami on Jhalak Dhikhhla Jaa|date=20 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/no-problem-with-drashti-dhami-after-jhalak-dikh-la-ja-reshuffle-manish-paul-198387-2014-06-26#:~:text=18%3A36%20IST-,Popular%20TV%20anchor%20Manish%20Paul%2C%20who%20has%20replaced%20Drashti%20Dhami,Dhami%20from%20this%20week%20onwards.|title=No problem with Drashti after Jhalak reshuffle: Manish Paul|date=26 June 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Madhuri Dixit]], [[Karan Johar]] and [[Remo D'Souza]] returned as the judges and announced their return in March 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/madhuri-karan-remo-glam-up-for-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-7/|title=Madhuri, Karan, Remo glam up for ‘Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7’|date=3 June 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
This series features thirteen celebrity contestants.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/presenting-the-13-contestants-of-jhalak-dikhla-jaa-season-7/|title=Presenting The 13 Contestants Of Jhalak Dikhla Jaa – Season 7|date=20 May 2014}}</ref> In April 2014, it was announced that [[Purab Kohli]], [[Karan Tacker]] and [[Andy Kumar]] are the first three confirmed contestants.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/purab-kohli-in-jhalak-dikhla-jaa-season-7-13341.html|title=Purab Kohli to participate in 'Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7'|date=10 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-karan-tacker-of-ek-hazaaron-mein-behna-hai-on-jhalak/articleshow/33900488.cms|title=Karan Tacker in Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa|date=18 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/vj-andy-and-akshat-to-compete-in-jhalak-dikhlaja-7-13683.html|title=VJ Andy, young Akshat to compete in 'Jhalak...'?|date=22 April 2014}}</ref> [[Puja Banerjee]], [[Mouni Roy]] and [[Shakti Mohan]] was later revealed as the other celebrities as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/krystle-dsouza-and-mahadevs-parvati-pooja-bose-approached-for-jhalak/articleshow/33778872.cms|title=Krystle Dsouza and Puja Banerjee in Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7|date=15 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/kiku-rajneesh-duggal-mouni-roy-to-participate-in-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-7-681386.html|title=Kiku, Rajneesh Duggal, Mouni Roy to participate in 'Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7'?|date=16 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/shakti-mohan-in-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/articleshow/33828129.cms|title=Shakti Mohan in Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7|date=16 April 2014}}</ref> The final line up was revealed in May.<br />
<br />
In July 2014, seven new celebrities [[Sana Khan]], [[Kushal Punjabi]], [[Rahul Vaidya]], [[Kainaat Arora]], [[Akriti Kakar]], [[RJ Malishka|Malishka Mendonsa]] and Tara Jean Popowich entered as wild card entries.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sana Khan, Akriti Kakkar to shake a leg in JDJ|url=http://epaper.dnaindia.com/story.aspx?id=66834&boxid=41691&ed_date=2014-07-02&ed_code=820004&ed_page=6|accessdate=3 July 2014|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=2 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.ibtimes.co.in/jhalak-dikhhlaa-jaa-season-7-singer-akriti-kakkar-quits-show-due-injury-604052|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7: Confirmed Wild Card Entrants|date=9 July 2014}}</ref> Only three including Kushal, Malishka and Tara went ahead in the competition. <br />
<br />
Akriti withdrew herself from the completion due to injury so could not perform as a wild card.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/jhalak-dikhhlaa-jaa-season-7-singer-akriti-kakkar-quits-show-due-injury-604052|title='Jhalak Dikhhlaa Jaa' Season 7: Singer Akriti Kakkar Quits Show due to Injury|date=9 July 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" | Celebrity<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notability<br />
! scope="col" | Professional partner<br />
! scope="col" | Result<br />
|-<br />
! [[Andy Kumar]]<br />
| VJ and ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 7|Bigg Boss 7]]'' star<br />
| Bhavini Mishra<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 1st<br />{{small|on 15 June 2014}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/never-expected-such-a-short-innings-on-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-vj-andy-after-eviction/|title=Never expected such a short innings on 'Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa': VJ Andy after eviction|work=indianexpress.com|date=16 June 2014 |access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! [[Purab Kohli]]<br />
| Bollywood actor<br />
| [[Mohena Singh]]<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 2nd<br />{{small|on 22 June 2014}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/i-was-shocked-by-my-elimination-from-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-purab-kohli/|title=I was shocked by my elimination from 'Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa': Purab Kohli|work=indianexpress.com|date=23 June 2014 |access-date=23 June 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! [[Kritika Kamra]]<br />
| Actress<br />
| Savio Barnes<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 3rd<br />{{small|on 29 June 2014}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-elimination-was-shocking-for-me-kritika-kamra/story-mKtEcbCKXh66yqhmGprViJ.html|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa elimination was shocking for me: Kritika Kamra|access-date=26 June 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! [[Sukhwinder Singh]]<br />
| Singer<br />
| Bhawna Khanduja<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 4th<br />{{small|on 6 July 2014}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/sukhwinder-singh-voted-out-of-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/|title=Sukhwinder Singh voted out of ‘Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa’|date=7 July 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! [[S. Sreesanth|Sreesanth Nair]]<br />
| Cricketer<br />
| [[Sneha Kapoor]]<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 5th<br />{{small|on 12 July 2014}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-s-sreesanth-eliminated/articleshow/38309642.cms|title=Sreesanth Nair eliminated from Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7|date=13 July 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! [[Kainaat Arora]]<br />
| ''[[Grand Masti]]'' actress<br />
| Cornel Rodrigues<br />
| bgcolor="FF91AF" | Not Selected<br />{{small|on 13 July 2014}}<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url= https://www.ibtimes.co.in/jhalak-dikhhlaa-jaa-season-7-singer-akriti-kakkar-quits-show-due-injury-604052|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7: Kainaat, Sana, Rahul eliminated|date=9 July 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! [[Rahul Vaidya]]<br />
| Singer<br />
| Syscilia D'Souza<br />
| bgcolor="FF91AF" | Not Selected<br />{{small|on 13 July 2014}}<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
! [[Sana Khan]]<br />
| Actress & ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 6|Bigg Boss 6]]'' star<br />
| Shashank Dogra<br />
| bgcolor="FF91AF" | Not Selected<br />{{small|on 13 July 2014}}<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
! [[Akriti Kakar]]<br />
| Singer<br />
| Javed Sanadi<br />
| bgcolor=lightgreen | Withdrew<br />{{small|on 13 July 2014}}<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
! [[Puja Banerjee]]<br />
| Actress<br />
| Rajit Dev<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 6th<br />{{small|on 27 July 2014}}<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/puja-banerjee-eliminated-from-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/story-6MVSqoqe0KqmKgl2BcPJ8J.html|title=Puja Banerjee eliminated from Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa|date=29 July 2014 |access-date=29 July 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! [[Kushal Punjabi]]<br />
| Actor and model<br />
| [[Mohena Singh]]<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 7th<br />{{small|on 2 August 2014}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/story/kushal-punjabi-eliminated-from-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-mohena-purab-kohli-madhuri-dixit-202640-2014-08-02|title=Kushal Punjabi eliminated from Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa|work=indiatoday.com|access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! {{nowrap|[[RJ Malishka|Malishka Mendonsa]]}}<br />
| RJ<br />
| Diwakar Nayal<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 8th<br />{{small|on 9 August 2014}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/rj-malishka-jhalak-dikkhla-jaa-eliminated-host-203500-2014-08-10|title=RJ Malishka gets eliminated from Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa, wants to host next season|access-date=11 August 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! [[Kiku Sharda]]<br />
| Comedian<br />
| Kruti Mahesh<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 9th<br />{{small|on 16 August 2014}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/television/kiku-sharda-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-journey-was-fantastic-650781|title=Kiku Sharda: Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Journey was Fantastic|access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! {{nowrap|Tara Jean Popowich}}<br />
| ''[[So You Think You Can Dance]]'' star and dancer<br />
| Jack Samuel<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 10th<br />{{small|on 23 August 2014}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/performance-level-in-india-is-high-jhalak-participant-tara-jean-popwich/|title=Tara eliminated from Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7|date=24 August 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! [[Sophie Choudry]]<br />
| Actress, VJ and singer<br />
| Deepak Singh<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 11th<br />{{small|on 30 August 2014}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/sophie-choudry-jhalak-elimination-doesn-t-make-sense-to-me/article_e69a79ea-32ed-11e4-95d1-001a4bcf887a.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817163018/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/sophie-choudry-jhalak-elimination-doesn-t-make-sense-to-me/article_e69a79ea-32ed-11e4-95d1-001a4bcf887a.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 August 2016|title=Sophie Choudry: 'Jhalak' Elimination Doesn't Make Sense to Me|access-date=2 September 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! [[Akshat Singh]]<br />
| ''[[India's Got Talent]]'' star<br />
| Vaishnavi Patil<br />
| bgcolor="f4c7b8" | Eliminated 12th<br />{{small|on 13 September 2014}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/making-an-impression-is-equal-to-winning-jhalak-trophy-tv/20140915.htm|title='Making an impression is equal to winning Jhalak trophy' says Akshat Singh|date=15 September 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! [[Mouni Roy]]<br />
| Actress<br />
| [[Punit Pathak]]<br />
| style="background:#d1c571;" |Fourth place<br />{{small|on 20 September 2014}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/events/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-vj-andy-karan-tacker-mouni-to-battle-it-out-2014-06-02-1.551177|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa: VJ Andy, Karan Tacker, Mouni to battle it out|access-date=1 June 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! [[Shakti Mohan]]<br />
| Dancer<br />
| [[Tushar Kalia]]<br />
| bgcolor="tan" | Third place<br />{{small|on 20 September 2014}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/parineeti-chopra-is-a-fan-of-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-contestant-shakti-mohan/|title=Parineeti Chopra is a fan of Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa contestant Shakti Mohan|date=27 August 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! [[Karan Tacker]]<br />
| Actor and model<br />
| Elena Samodanova<br /><small>(later Bhawna Khanduja)</small><br />
| bgcolor="silver" |Runners-up<br />{{small|on 20 September 2014}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/karan-tacker-on-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/|title=Karan Tacker on Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa|date=2 May 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! [[Ashish Sharma]]<br />
| ''[[Rangrasiya]]'' actor<br />
| Shampa Gopikrishna<br />
| bgcolor="gold" |'''Winners'''<br />{{small|on 20 September 2014}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-7-winner-rangrasiya-fame-ashish-sharma-beats-mouni-roy-and-shakti-mohan-153457/|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7 winner: Rangrasiya fame Ashish Sharma beats Karan Tacker, Mouni Roy and Shakti Mohan|date=21 September 2014}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Scoring chart==<br />
<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;"><br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"<br />
|+''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa'' (season 7)- Weekly Scores<br />
! rowspan="3" |Couple<br />
! rowspan="3" |{{Abbr|Pl.|Place}}<br />
! colspan="20" |Week<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |1<br />
! rowspan="2" |2<br />
! rowspan="2" |3<br />
! rowspan="2" |4<br />
! rowspan="2" |5<br />
! rowspan="2" |6<br />
! rowspan="2" |7<br />
! rowspan="2" |6+7<br />
! rowspan="2" |8<br />
! rowspan="2" |9<br />
! rowspan="2" |10<br />
! rowspan="2" |11<br />
! rowspan="2" |12<br />
! rowspan="2" |13<br />
! rowspan="2" |14<br />
! rowspan="2" |13+14<br />
! rowspan="2" |15<br />
! colspan="3" |16<br />
|-<br />
!Night 1<br />
!Night 2<br />
!1+2<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |Ashish<br />
|<br />
|27<br />
|35<br />
|36<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|26<br />
|27<br />
|25<br />
|52<br />
|24<br />
|27<br />
|25<br />
|27<br />
|27+29=56<br />
|29+30=59<br />
|27+30=57<br />
|116<br />
| rowspan="4" |—<br />
|27<br />
|9<br />
|36{{efn|This couple finished in first place.|name=Win}}<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |Karan<br />
|<br />
|21<br />
|32<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|40}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|27<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|27<br />
|29<br />
|56<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|27<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|27+30=57<br />
|27+27=54<br />
|28+30=58<br />
|112<br />
|29<br />
|10<br />
|39{{efn|This couple finished in second place.}}<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |Shakti<br />
|<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|29}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|40}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|40}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|60}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|29<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|30+30=60<br />
|30+30=60<br />
|00+00=00<br />
|60{{efn||name=Bottom}}<br />
|27<br />
|8<br />
|36{{efn|This couple finished in third place.}}<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |Mouni<br />
|<br />
|27<br />
|31<br />
|30<br />
|36{{efn||name=Bottom}}<br />
|22<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|60}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|38<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|27<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|24+27=51<br />
|27+27=54<br />
|27+30=57<br />
|111<br />
|27{{efn|This couple finished in fourth place.}}<br />
| colspan="2" rowspan="13" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |Akshat<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |28<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|40}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|40}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|60}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|27<br />
|29<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|25}}''{{double-dagger}}<span style="color:red;">'''{{efn||name=Bottom}}'''</span><br />
|30+30=60{{efn||name=Bottom}}<br />
|27+30=57<br />
|30+30=60<br />
|117{{efn|name=Elim}}<br />
| colspan="2" rowspan="12" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |Sophie<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |25{{efn|This couple was in the bottom two, but was not eliminated.|name=Bottom}}<br />
|36<br />
|34<br />
|27<br />
|27<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|60}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|26<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|27<br />
|24<br />
|24+27=51{{efn|name=Elim}}<br />
| colspan="3" rowspan="11" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |Tara<br />
|<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|27<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|57<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}<br />
|27{{efn||name=Bottom}}<br />
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}{{efn|name=Elim}}<br />
| rowspan="10" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |Kiku<br />
|<br />
|27<br />
|27<br />
|34<br />
|27<br />
|25<br />
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|21}}''{{double-dagger}}<br />
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|21}}''{{double-dagger}}<br />
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|42}}''{{double-dagger}}<br />
|26{{efn||name=Bottom}}<br />
|27{{efn||name=Bottom}}<br />
|24{{efn|name=Elim}}<br />
| rowspan="9" |<br />
|-<br />
!Malishka<br />
|<br />
| colspan="5" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
|23<br />
|24<br />
|47<br />
|23<br />
|26{{efn|name=Elim}}<br />
| rowspan="8" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" |Kushal<br />
|<br />
| colspan="5" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
|25<br />
|27<br />
|52{{efn||name=Bottom}}<br />
|29{{efn|name=Elim}}<br />
| rowspan="7" |<br />
|-<br />
!Puja<br />
|<br />
|22<br />
|27{{efn||name=Bottom}}<br />
|34{{efn||name=Bottom}}<br />
|26<br />
|22{{efn||name=Bottom}}<br />
|25<br />
|23<br />
|48{{efn|name=Elim}}<br />
| rowspan="6" |<br />
|-<br />
!Sreesanth<br />
|<br />
| bgcolor="#f4c7b8" |27<br />
|32<br />
|28<br />
|27<br />
|27{{efn|name=Elim}}<br />
| colspan="2" rowspan="5" |<br />
| rowspan="5" |<br />
|-<br />
!Sukhwinder<br />
|<br />
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|18}}''{{double-dagger}}<br />
|26<br />
|31<br />
|21{{efn|name=Elim}}<br />
| rowspan="4" |<br />
|-<br />
!Kritika<br />
|<br />
|22<br />
|30<br />
|29{{efn|name=Elim}}<br />
| rowspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
!Purab<br />
|<br />
|24<br />
|33{{efn|name=Elim}}<br />
| rowspan="2" |<br />
|-<br />
!Andy<br />
|<br />
|20{{efn|This couple was eliminated.|name=Elim}}<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
</blockquote><br />
<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;"><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; font-size:85%; line-height:15px;"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:6%;" |<br />
! style="width:6%; white-space:nowrap;" | Week 1<br />
! style="width:6%; white-space:nowrap;" | Week 2<br />
! style="width:6%; white-space:nowrap;" | Week 3<br />
! style="width:6%; white-space:nowrap;" | Week 4<br />
! style="width:6%; white-space:nowrap;" | Week 5<br />
! style="width:6%; white-space:nowrap;" | Week 6<br />
! style="width:6%; white-space:nowrap;" | Week 7<br />
! style="width:6%; white-space:nowrap;" | Week 8<br />
! style="width:6%; white-space:nowrap;" | Week 9<br />
! style="width:6%; white-space:nowrap;" | Week 10<br />
! style="width:6%; white-space:nowrap;" | Week 11<br />
! colspan="2" style="width:6%; white-space:nowrap;" | Week 12<br />
! colspan="3" style="width:6%; white-space:nowrap;" | Week 13<br />
! colspan="2" style="width:6%; white-space:nowrap;" | Week 14<br />
! colspan="2" style="width:6%; white-space:nowrap;" | Week 15<br />
! colspan="3" style="width:9%; white-space:nowrap;" | Week 16<br />
|-<br />
! {{nowrap|Performer of<br />the Week}}<br />
| style="background:#ccc;" |''None''<br />
| style="background:gold;" |'''Akshat'''<br />
| style="background:gold;" |'''Mouni'''<br />
| style="background:gold;" |'''Ashish''' <br />
| style="background:#ccc;" |''None''<br />
| style="background:gold;" | '''Sophie'''<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;" |''None''<br />
| style="background:gold;" |'''Karan'''<br />
| style="background:gold;" |'''Mouni'''<br />
| style="background:gold;" |'''Shakti'''<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:gold;" |'''Akshat'''<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:gold;" |'''Ashish''' <br />
| style="background:gold;" |'''Akshat''' <br />
| style="background:gold;" |'''Mouni'''<br />
| colspan="5" style="background:#ccc;" |''None''<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="24" bgcolor="black" |<br />
|-<br />
! Ashish<br />
|27<br />
|35<br />
|36<br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|26<br />
|27<br />
|25<br />
|24<br />
|27<br />
|25<br />
|27<br />
|27<br />
|29<br />
! {{nowrap|Sana S}}<br />
|29<br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:red;">27</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|27<br />
|9<br />
| style="background:#73FB76;" |'''''Winner'''''<br />
|-<br />
! Karan<br />
|21<br />
|32<br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''40'''</span><br />
|27<br />
| style="background:lightblue;" |<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|27<br />
|29<br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|27<br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|27<br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
!Krystle<br />
|27<br />
|27<br />
|28<br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|29<br />
|10<br />
| style="background:#D1E8EF;" |'''''{{nowrap|1st runner-up}}'''''<br />
|-<br />
! Shakti<br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''29'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''40'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''40'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|29<br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
!Mukti<br />
| <span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
| <span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|27<br />
|8<br />
| style="background:#7FFFD4;" |'''''{{nowrap|2nd runner-up}}'''''<br />
|-<br />
! Mouni<br />
|27<br />
|31<br />
|30<br />
|36<br />
|22<br />
|40<br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''40'''</span><br />
|38<br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|37<br />
|<span style="color:green;">30</span><br />
|<span style="color:red;">'''24'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:red;">'''27'''</span><br />
!Faisal<br />
|<span style="color:red;">'''27'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:red;">'''27'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:red;">'''27'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|27<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
| style="background:#DDA0DD;" |'''''{{nowrap|3rd runner-up}}'''''<br />
|-<br />
! Akshat<br />
|28<br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''40'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''40'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|27<br />
|29<br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:red;">'''25'''</span><br />
| style="background:lightblue;" |<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
| style="background:lightblue;" |<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
!Ali<br />
|27<br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
| colspan="4" style="background:salmon; text-align:center;" |''Eliminated''<br />
|-<br />
! Sophie<br />
|25<br />
| style="background:lightblue;" |36<br />
|34<br />
|27<br />
|27<br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|26<br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|27<br />
|24<br />
|24<br />
|27<br />
!Elli<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
| colspan="8" style="background:salmon; text-align:center;" |''Eliminated''<br />
|-<br />
! Tara <br />
| colspan="5" style="background:beige; text-align:center;" | '''NOT IN COMPETITION'''<br />
|27<br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|27<br />
| style="background:lightblue;" |<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
| style="background:orange;" | 27<br />
| colspan="11" style="background:salmon; text-align:center;" |''Eliminated''<br />
|-<br />
! Kiku<br />
|27<br />
|27<br />
|34<br />
|27<br />
|25<br />
|<span style="color:red;">'''21'''</span><br />
|<span style="color:red;">'''21'''</span><br />
|26<br />
| style="background:lightblue;" |27<br />
|24<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
| colspan="12" style="background:salmon; text-align:center;" |''Eliminated''<br />
|-<br />
! Malishka<br />
| colspan="5" style="background:beige; text-align:center;" | '''NOT IN COMPETITION'''<br />
|23<br />
|24<br />
|23<br />
|26<br />
| style="background:orange;" | <span style="color:red;">'''22'''</span><br />
| colspan="13" style="background:salmon; text-align:center;" |''Eliminated''<br />
|-<br />
! Kushal<br />
| colspan="5" style="background:beige; text-align:center;" | '''NOT IN COMPETITION'''<br />
|25<br />
|27<br />
| style="background:lightblue;" |29<br />
| style="background:orange;" | 26<br />
| colspan="14" style="background:salmon; text-align:center;" |''Eliminated''<br />
|-<br />
! Puja<br />
|22<br />
|27<br />
| style="background:lightblue;" |34<br />
| style="background:lightblue;" |26<br />
|22<br />
| style="background:lightblue;" |25<br />
|23<br />
| style="background:orange;" | 25<br />
| colspan="15" style="background:salmon; text-align:center;" |''Eliminated''<br />
|-<br />
! Akriti<br />
| colspan="5" style="background:beige; text-align:center;" | '''NOT IN COMPETITION'''<br />
| {{n/a}}<br />
| colspan="17" style="background:#fcf; text-align:center;" |''Quit''<br />
|-<br />
! Kainaat<br />
| colspan="5" style="background:beige; text-align:center;" | '''NOT IN COMPETITION'''<br />
| {{n/a}}<br />
| colspan="17" style="background:tomato; text-align:center;" |''Not Selected''<br />
|-<br />
! Rahul<br />
| colspan="5" style="background:beige; text-align:center;" | '''NOT IN COMPETITION'''<br />
| {{n/a}}<br />
| colspan="17" style="background:tomato; text-align:center;" |''Not Selected''<br />
|-<br />
! {{nowrap|Sana K}}<br />
| colspan="5" style="background:beige; text-align:center;" | '''NOT IN COMPETITION'''<br />
| {{n/a}}<br />
| colspan="17" style="background:tomato; text-align:center;" |''Not Selected''<br />
|-<br />
! Sreesanth<br />
|27<br />
|32<br />
|28<br />
|27<br />
|27<br />
| style="background:orange;" | <span style="color:red;">'''20'''</span><br />
| colspan="17" style="background:salmon; text-align:center;" |''Eliminated''<br />
|-<br />
! Sukhwinder<br />
|<span style="color:red;">'''18'''</span><br />
|26<br />
|31<br />
|21<br />
| style="background:orange;" | 22<br />
| colspan="18" style="background:salmon; text-align:center;" |''Eliminated''<br />
|-<br />
! Kritika<br />
|22<br />
|30<br />
|29<br />
| style="background:orange;" | 25<br />
| colspan="19" style="background:salmon; text-align:center;" |''Eliminated''<br />
|-<br />
! Purab<br />
|24<br />
|33<br />
| style="background:orange;" | 30<br />
| colspan="20" style="background:salmon; text-align:center;" |''Eliminated''<br />
|-<br />
! Andy<br />
|20 <br />
| style="background:orange;" | 27 <br />
| colspan="21" style="background:salmon; text-align:center;" |''Eliminated''<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="24" bgcolor="black" |<br />
|- style="background:#B2FFFF" | <br />
! Bottom 2<br />
| {{n/a|None}}<br />
| Andy<br />Sophie<br />
| Puja<br />Purab<br />
| Kritika<br />Puja<br />
| Mouni<br />Sukhwinder<br />
| Puja<br />Sreesanth<br />
| {{n/a|None}}<br />
| Kushal<br />Puja<br />
| Kiku<br />Kushal<br />
| Kiku<br />Malishka<br />
| Kiku<br />Tara<br />
| colspan="2" | Akshat<br />Tara<br />
| colspan="3" | Akshat<br />Sohpie<br />
| colspan="2" {{n/a|None}}<br />
| colspan="2" | Akshat<br />Shakti<br />
| colspan="3" | Ashish<br />Karan<br />Mouni<br />Shakti<br />
|-<br />
!Quit<br />
| colspan="5" style="background:#ccc;" |''None''<br />
| style="background:#fcf;" |'''Akriti'''<br />
| colspan="17" style="background:#ccc;" |''None''<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |Eliminated<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ccc;" |'''''No<br />Elimination'''''<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ff8072;" |'''Andy'''<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ff8072;" |'''Purab'''<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ff8072;" |'''Kritika'''<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ff8072;" |'''Sukhwinder'''<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ff8072;" |'''Sreesanth'''<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ccc;" |'''''No<br />Elimination'''''<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ff8072;" |'''Puja'''<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ff8072;" |'''Kushal'''<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ff8072;" |'''Malishka'''<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ff8072;" |'''Kiku'''<br />
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#ff8072;" |'''Tara'''<br />
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background:#ff8072;" |'''Sophie'''<br />
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#ccc;" |'''''No<br />Elimination'''''<br />
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#ff8072;" |'''Akshat'''<br />
| style="background:#DDA0DD;" |'''Mouni'''<br />
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="background:#7FFFD4;" |'''Shakti'''<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#D1E8EF;" |'''Karan'''<br />
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#73FB76;" |'''Ashish'''<br />
|}<br />
</blockquote> <br />
;notes<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== Dance chart ==<br />
The couples performed the following each week:<br />
<br />
: {{Color box|#ccff99|border=silver}} Highest scoring dance<br />
: {{Color box|#ffc5c5|border=silver}} Lowest scoring dance<br />
: {{Color box|lightblue|border=silver}} Non-scoring dance<br />
<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;"><br />
{| class="wikitable unsortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:75%; line-height:20px"<br />
|+''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa'' (season 7) - Dance chart<br />
! rowspan="2" |Couple<br />
! colspan="25" |Weeks<br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
!2<br />
!3<br />
!4<br />
!5<br />
! colspan="2" |6<br />
!7<br />
!8<br />
!9<br />
!10<br />
! colspan="3" |11<br />
! colspan="2" |12<br />
! colspan="2" |13<br />
! colspan="3" |14<br />
! colspan="2" |15<br />
! colspan="2" |16<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Ashish & Shampa<br />
| Hip-hop<br />
| Samba<br />
| Bollywood, Freestyle & Thang Ta<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Drunk Jazz<br />
| Freestyle<br />
| colspan="2" | Bollywood<br />
| Stomping & Hip-hop Freestyle<br />
| Paso Doble<br />
| Semi Classical<br />
| Physical Theatre & Mime<br />
| colspan="2" | Freestyle<br />
| Bollywood & Freestyle<br />
| Yakshaganan<br />
| Disco & Freestyle<br />
| Tango<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Contemporary<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Hip-hop & Krumping<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Hip-hop & Freestyle<br />
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightblue" |Freestyle{{efn||name=NoScore2}}<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Freestyle{{efn||name=NoScore2}}<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Freestyle{{efn||name=NoScore2}}<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Parkour & Freestyle<br />
| rowspan="3" | Freestyle relay<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Karan & Elena<br />
| Freestyle<br />
| Cha-Cha & Hustle<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Bollywood<br />
| Ballroom Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Paso Doble<br />
| colspan="2" | Hip-hop<br />
| Bollywood<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Stomping & Krumping<br />
| Bollywood & Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Freestyle<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:#cf9;"| Contemporary & Freestyle<br />
| Bollywood & Freestyle<br />
| Contemporary & Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Hip-hop & Bhangra<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Freestyle<br />
| Hip-hop & Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Jazz & Freestyle<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Freestyle{{efn||name=NoScore2}}<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Kalari & Chau{{efn||name=NoScore2}}<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Paso Doble & Freestyle<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Shakti & Tushar<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Ballet<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Tango & Mambo Tricks<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Contemporary & Chau<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Modern Jazz<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Latin Freestyle<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:#cf9;"| Contemporary<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Classical & Classical<br />
| Bollywood & Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Lyrical Hip-hop<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:#cf9;"| Lyrical<br />
| Broadway Jazz<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Contact Improvisation<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Tandav<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Cabaret<br />
| colspan="3" bgcolor="lightblue" |—{{efn||name=NoScore2}}<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Freestyle{{efn||name=NoScore2}}<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Afro & Acrobacia{{efn||name=NoScore2}}<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Contemporary & Krumping<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Mouni & Punit<br />
| Freestyle<br />
| Rumba & Coban Bolero<br />
| Contorted Tandav<br />
| Freestyle<br />
| Freestyle<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:#cf9;"| Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Freestyle<br />
| Classical & Robotics<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Bollywood & Freestyle<br />
| Freestyle<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:#cf9;"| Afro<br />
| Broadway Jazz<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Paso Doble<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Contemporary<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Jazz<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Semi Classical<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Robotics & Bollywood<br />
| rowspan="2" |Freestyle{{efn||name=NoScore2}}<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Freestyle{{efn||name=NoScore2}}<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Contemporary{{efn||name=NoScore2}}<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Indian Folk<br />
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Akshat & Vaishnavi<br />
| Bollywood<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Paso Doble<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Bollywood<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Freestyle<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:#cf9;"| Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Robotics<br />
| Freestyle<br />
| Semi Classical<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Contemporary & Freestyle<br />
| colspan="2" | Semi Classical<br />
| Bollywood & Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Animation<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Hip-hop & Freestyle<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Freestyle{{efn||name=NoScore2}}<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Freestyle{{efn|No scores were given for Akshat this dance as he was originally eliminated but on public demand he was brought back for a last performance.|name=NoScore4}}<br />
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Sophie & Deepak<br />
| Freestyle<br />
| Bollywood<br />
| Bollywood, Freestyle & Paso Doble<br />
| Samba & Freestyle<br />
| Aerial & Freestyle<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:#cf9;"| Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Bollywood<br />
| Jive & Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Contemporary & Freestyle<br />
| Acrobacia & Freestyle<br />
| colspan="2" style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Lyrical<br />
| Broadway Jazz<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Hip-hop<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Freestyle{{efn||name=NoScore3}}<br />
| colspan="8" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Tara &<br />Jack<br />
| colspan="5" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Freestyle{{efn||name=NoScore2}}<br />
| Contemporary<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Jazz<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Hip-hop & House<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Hip-hop and Contemporary<br />
| Bollywood<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Urban Hip-hop{{efn||name=NoScore2}}<br />
| style="background:#cf9;"| Paso Doble<br />
| Bollywood & Freestyle<br />
| Contemporary & Freestyle<br />
| colspan="10" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Kiku & Kruti<br />
| Electro<br />
| Flamenco & Bomba<br />
| Lavani<br />
| Bollywood & Freestyle<br />
| Robotics<br />
| colspan="2" | Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Freestyle<br />
| Hip-hop<br />
| Popping & Locking<br />
| Tandav & Krumping<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Lyrical Hip-hop{{efn|No scores were given for this dance as contestant was eliminated.|name=NoScore3}}<br />
| colspan="13" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Malishka & Diwakar<br />
| colspan="5" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Bollywood{{efn||name=NoScore2}}<br />
| Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Semi Classical<br />
| Samba & Freestyle<br />
| colspan="14" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Kushal & Mohena<br />
| colspan="5" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Hip-hop{{efn||name=NoScore2}}<br />
| Freestyle<br />
| Freestyle<br />
| Afro<br />
| Street Jazz <br />
| colspan="15" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Puja &<br />Rajit<br />
| Freestyle<br />
| Cha-Cha & Tofo Tofo<br />
| Tollywood<br />
| Freestyle<br />
| Semi Classical<br />
| colspan="2" | Freestyle<br />
| Bollywood & Freestyle<br />
| Freestyle<br />
| colspan="16" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Kainaat & Cornel<br />
| colspan="5" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" | Salsa{{efn|No scores were given for this dance.|name=NoScore2}}<br />
| colspan="19" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Rahul & Syscilia<br />
| colspan="5" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Bollywood{{efn||name=NoScore2}}<br />
| colspan="19" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Sana & Shashank<br />
| colspan="5" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Bollywood{{efn||name=NoScore2}}<br />
| colspan="19" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Akriti & Javed<br />
| colspan="5" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
| bgcolor="lightblue" |—{{efn|No scores were given for this dance as the contestant quit the series before performing.|name=NoScore}}<br />
| colspan="19" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Sreesanth & Sneha<br />
| Hip-hop<br />
| Lindy Hop & Chamberlian<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Bollywood & Rajasthani Folk<br />
| Hip-hop & Freestyle<br />
| Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Freestyle<br />
| colspan="19" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Sukhwinder & Bhawna<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Rumba & Contact Improvisation<br />
| Bollywood & Bhangra<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Hip-hop & Freestyle<br />
| style="background:#ffc5c5;"| Freestyle<br />
| colspan="20" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Kritika & Savio<br />
| Freestyle<br />
| Jive & Jitterbug<br />
| Bollywood & Garba<br />
| Cha Cha & Freestyle<br />
| colspan="21" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Purab & Mohena<br />
| Freestyle<br />
| Salsa & Lambada<br />
| Bollywood<br />
| colspan="22" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
|-<br />
! scope="row" | Andy & Bhavini<br />
| Contemporary<br />
| Zouk & Reggaeton<br />
| colspan="23" bgcolor="darkgrey" |<br />
|}<br />
</blockquote><br />
;Note<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== Themes ==<br />
The celebrities and professional partners danced one of these routines for each corresponding week:<br />
* Grand Opening Week: Introduction<br />
* Week 1 : International Judge Week<br />
* Week 2 : Made in India<br />
* Week 3 : Judges Demand <br />
* Week 4 : Jhalak Talkes<br />
* Week 5 : Wild Card Entries & Prop Week<br />
* Week 6 : I Love<br />
* Week 7 : DJ Mix & Indian Cinema<br />
* Week 8 : Kurukshetra & Team Challenge<br />
* Week 9 : Backstage Dancer week <br />
* Week 10 : Independence Day week<br />
* Week 11 : Dialogues<br />
* Week 12 : Teen Ka Tadka & Public’s Demand<br />
* Week 13 : Special Group Theme<br />
* Week 14 : Semi Finals & Ganesh Hegde Special <br />
* Week 15 : Super Finale<br />
<br />
Week 5 was themed 'Prop week', and each of the participating celebrities dedicated their performances as follow.<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
* Puja & Rajit - Picture frame<br />
* Ashish & Shampa - Stretchy Jacket <br />
* Karan & Elena - Bucket<br />
* Mouni & Punit - Golden Shoes<br />
* Kiku & Kruti - Glass<br />
* Akshat & Vaishanavi - Glasses<br />
* Shakti & Tushar - Stretchy Material<br />
* Sophie & Deepak - Sticks<br />
* Malishka & Diwakar - Square Box<br />
* Kushal & Mohena - Heart <br />
* Tara & Jack - Feather<br />
{{colend}}<br />
<br />
1st Episode of Week 5 themed 'Wild Card' Special selected 4 new contestant to current participating celebrities.<br />
*Note - Singer [[Akriti Kakkar]] had to quit the show as she was to enter the wild card race due to an accident.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Singer-Akriti-Kakar-in-Jhalak-Dikhhla-Jaa/articleshow/37575960.cms?#slide15|access-date=13 January 2015|work=[[Times of India]]|agency=TNN|title=Singer Akriti Kakar in Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa|date=2 July 2014|first=Neha|last=Maheshwri}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Akriti Kakkar to shake a leg in JDJ|url=http://epaper.dnaindia.com/story.aspx?id=66834&boxid=41691&ed_date=2014-07-02&ed_code=820004&ed_page=6|accessdate=3 July 2014|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=2 July 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%; line-height:15px;"<br />
! Couple<br />
! Dance Form<br />
! Dance Song<br />
|-<br />
!Tara & Jack<br />
|style="background:#cf9;"|Contemporary<br />
|style="background:#cf9;"|Gulaabi<br />
|-<br />
!Sana & Shashank<br />
|style="background:#ffc6c6;"|Bollywood<br />
|style="background:#ffc6c6;"|Radha<br />
|-<br />
!Rahul & Syscilia<br />
|style="background:#ffc6c6;"|[[Bollywood]]<br />
|style="background:#ffc6c6;"|Chingam Chabake<br />
|-<br />
!Kushal & Mohena<br />
|style="background:#cf9;"|Freestyle<br />
|style="background:#cf9;"|Thug Le<br />
|-<br />
!Kainaat & Cornel<br />
|style="background:#ffc6c6;"|Freestyle<br />
|style="background:#ffc6c6;"|Darling<br />
|-<br />
!Malishka & Diwakar<br />
|style="background:#cf9;"|Freestyle<br />
|style="background:#cf9;"|Dhinka Chika<br />
|}<br />
Out of the 6 new Wild Card Entrance the couples which joined the current celebrities in the race of 'Jhalak' were<br />
* Malishka & Diwakar<br />
* Kushal & Mohena<br />
* Tara & Jack<br />
:{{Color box|#ccff88|border=silver}} Selected Dance<br />
:{{Color box|#ffc6c6|border=silver}} Rejected Dance<br />
<br />
Week 8 themed 'Kurukshetra is where the judges chooses their teams within the participants and the one with more scores wins.<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:15px;"<br />
! Category<br />
!<span style="color:green;">'''Remo's Team'''</span><br />
! Karan's Team<br />
! Madhuri's Team<br />
|-<br />
! Remaining Participants<br />
|Kushal & Mohena, Tara & Jack, Kiku & Kruti<br />
|Karan & Elena, Shakti & Tushar, Mouni & Punit<br />
|Akshat & Vaishnavi, Ashish & Shampa, Malishka & Diwakar<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Weak 10 themed 'Team Challenge' had two performances from the participants, where one was a team performance. Team leader was selected from the previous week's highest scorers. Team participants, dancing style and songs were finalised by these leaders.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:15px;"<br />
! Category<br />
! Akshat's Team<br />
! Mouni's Team<br />
|-<br />
! Team Leader<br />
|Akshat & Vaishnavi<br />
|Mouni & Punit<br />
|-<br />
! Remaining Participants<br />
|Tara & Jack, Ashish & Shampa, Karan & Bhavna<br />
|Shakti & Tushar, Sophie & Deepak, Kiku & Kruti<br />
|-<br />
! Dance Form<br />
|Bollywood & Freestyle<br />
|Broadway Jazz<br />
|-<br />
! Dance Song<br />
|Dil Toh Baccha Hai Ji, All Is Well<br />
|Do You Wanna Partner & Chammak Challo<br />
|-<br />
! Marks<br />
|29<br />
|<span style="color:green;">'''30'''</span><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
* Mouni's team won the team challenge with getting 30 marks.<br />
:<span style="color:green;">'''Green numbers'''</span> indicates the highest score.<br />
<br />
Week 13 was themed 'Teen Ka Tadka' special episode wherein every contestant will get a new celebrity contestant to dance with. Sana and Tushar who were paired with Mumaith Khan could not perform in the episode since they got eliminated in that week.<br />
* Ashish & Shampa with [[Sana Saeed]] <br />
* Shakti & Tushar with [[Mukti Mohan]]<br />
* Karan & Bhavna with [[Krystle D'Souza]] <br />
* Mouni & Punit with [[Faisal Khan (actor born 1998)|Faisal Khan]]<br />
* Sophie & Deepak with [[Elli Avram]] <br />
* Akshat & Vaishnavi with [[Ali Asgar (actor)|Ali Asgar]]<br />
<br />
== Guest appearances ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; width:100%;"<br />
! Week(s)<br />
! Episode(s)<br />
! Guest(s)<br />
! Note(s)<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 1|| rowspan="3" | Ep01 <br />
| {{no wrap|[[Krystle D'Souza]]}}, {{no wrap|[[Sidharth Shukla]]}}, [[Toral Rasputra]], [[Mrunal Jain]], [[Tina Datta]] & [[Sanaya Irani]]|| To support the contestants<br />
|-<br />
|[[Varun Dhawan]] & [[Alia Bhatt]]|| To promote ''[[Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sudesh Lehri]]|| Guest<br />
|-<br />
| Ep02 <br />
| [[Akshay Kumar]] & [[Sonakshi Sinha]]|| To promote ''[[Holiday: A Soldier Is Never Off Duty]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2 || rowspan="2" |Ep03 <br />
| [[Sunny Leone]] || To promote ''[[MTV Splitsvilla]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Saif Ali Khan]], {{no wrap|[[Ritesh Deshmukh]]}} & [[Sajid Khan (director)|Sajid Khan]] || To promote ''[[Humshakals]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |Ep04 <br />
|[[Salman Yusuff Khan]] & [[Lauren Gottlieb]]|| Guest<br />
|-<br />
| [[Siddharth Malhotra]], [[Shraddha Kapoor]] & [[Prachi Desai]] || To promote ''[[Ek Villain]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |3 ||Ep05 <br />
| [[Shakti Arora]] & [[Radhika Madan]] || To promote their show ''[[Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colorstv.com/uk/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/videos/ishani-and-rajiv-spread-aashiqui-on-jhalak-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-ep5-seg-12-62877-5.html|title=Ishani And Rajiv Spread Aashiqui On Jhalak: Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Ep-5, Seg 12}}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Ep06 <br />
| [[Ali Asgar (actor)|Ali Asgar]] & [[Upasana Singh]] ||From ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]'' to support [[Kiku Sharda|Palak]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |4 || rowspan="2" |Ep07 <br />
| [[Preetika Rao]] & [[Harshad Arora]] || From [[Beintehaa]] as guest<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colorstv.com/uk/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/videos/zainaaliya-dance-with-their-favorites-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-ep7-seg-4-63241-5.html|title=Zain-Aaliya Dance With Their Favorites: Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Ep-7, Seg 4}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Armaan Jain]], [[Deeksha Seth]]<br />
|To promote ''[[Lekar Hum Deewana Dil]]''<br />
|-<br />
|Ep08 <br />
| [[Dipika Kakar]] & [[Toral Rasputra]]|| Came as guest from ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]'', ''[[Balika Vadhu]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-in-pics-toral-rasputra-preetika-rao-harshad-arora-and-deepika-samson-on-jhalak-d-4662210-PHO.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816051048/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-in-pics-toral-rasputra-preetika-rao-harshad-arora-and-deepika-samson-on-jhalak-d-4662210-PHO.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 August 2016|title=In Pics: Toral Rasputra, Preetika Rao, Harshad Arora and Deepika Samson on Jhalak Dikhla Jaa-7}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|5 ||Ep09 <br />
| [[Vidya Balan]] || To promote ''[[Bobby Jasoos]]''<br />
|-<br />
|7 ||Ep12 <br />
| [[Salman Khan]] & [[Jacqueline Fernandez]] || To promote ''[[Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |8 || rowspan="2" |Ep15-16 <br />
| [[Rani Mukerji]] || To promote ''[[Mardaani]] ''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sachin–Jigar]]|| Guest<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |9 ||Ep17 <br />
| [[Akshay Kumar]]|| To promote [[Entertainment (2014 film)|''Entertainment'']]<br />
|-<br />
|Ep18 <br />
| [[Kareena Kapoor Khan]] || To promote ''[[Singham Returns]]''<br />
|-<br />
|10 ||Ep20 <br />
| Sasha Tacker and [[Archana Taide]]|| To support [[Karan Tacker]] and [[Ashish Sharma]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |11 ||Ep21 <br />
| [[Emraan Hashmi]], [[Humaima Malik]]|| To promote ''[[Raja Natwarlal]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |Ep22 <br />
| [[Gurmeet Choudhary]] & [[Lauren Gottlieb]]|| Guest Appearance <br />
|-<br />
| [[Sunil Grover]] || From ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |12 ||Ep23 <br />
| [[Priyanka Chopra]]|| To promote ''[[Mary Kom (film)|Mary Kom]]''<br />
|-<br />
|Ep24 <br />
| [[Shahid Kapoor]] & [[Shraddha Kapoor]]|| To promote ''[[Haider (film)|Haider]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |13 ||Ep25 <br />
| [[Elli Avram]], [[Faisal Khan (actor born 1998)|Faisal Khan]], [[Krystle D'Souza]], [[Ali Asgar (actor)|Ali Asgar]], [[Sana Saeed]] & [[Mukti Mohan]]|| For Teen Ka Tadka week<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Jhalak-Dikhhla-Jaa-7-Teen-ka-tadka-special/photostory/41244202.cms|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7: Teen ka tadka special; Krystle, Bigg Boss fame Elli Avram and Daadi (Ali) to perform|work=timesofindia|access-date=31 August 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Ep26 <br />
|[[Aditya Roy Kapoor]] & [[Parineeti Chopra]]|| To promote ''[[Daawat-e-Ishq]]''<br />
|-<br />
|14 ||Ep27 <br />
| [[Fawad Khan]] & [[Sonam Kapoor]]|| To promote [[Khoobsurat (2014 film)|''Khoobsurat'']]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |15 || rowspan="2" | Ep29-30 <br />
| [[Arjun Kapoor]] & [[Deepika Padukone]]|| To promote ''[[Finding Fanny]]''<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ganesh Hegde]]|| Guest Judge<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="16" |16<br />
| rowspan="16" |Ep31<br />
| [[Anil Kapoor]] & [[Bharti Singh]]<br />
|Guest in Finale<br />
|-<br />
| [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]] & [[Mika Singh]]<br />
|To promote their film ''[[Balwinder Singh Famous Ho Gaya]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Shaan and Mika to appear on Jhalak Dikhhlaa Jaa Season 7 for finale! |url=http://www.desitvbox.me/shaan-and-mika-to-appear-on-jhalak-dikhhlaa-jaa-season-7-for-finale/ |website=Desitellybox|date=19 September 2014 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Neeti Mohan]] & [[Mukti Mohan]]<br />
|To support [[Shakti Mohan]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Salman Yusuff Khan]] & [[Lauren Gottlieb]]<br />
|Special Performance<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://www.colorstv.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-7 ''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7''] at [[Colors TV]]<br />
<br />
{{Colors Programmes}}<br />
{{Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian dance competition television shows]]<br />
[[Category:Indian dance television shows]]<br />
[[Category:Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa seasons]]<br />
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sentinelese&diff=453570Sentinelese2026-03-26T17:00:56Z<p>Ranehospital: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indigenous people of North Sentinel Island}}<br />
{{Other uses}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox ethnic group<br />
| group = Sentinelese<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| flag = <!-- (image filename) --><br />
| flag_caption = <br />
| image = Sentinelese people on the beach of North Sentinel Island.png<br />
| image_caption = Sentinelese people on the beach of North Sentinel Island, 1974<br />
| population = 39 (estimated)<br />
| genealogy = <br />
| regions = [[North Sentinel Island]], India<br />
| languages = [[Sentinelese language|Sentinelese]] (undescribed)<br />
| religions =<br />
| related_groups = Possibly [[Jarawas (Andaman Islands)|Jarawa]] or [[Onge people|Onge]]<br />
| footnotes = {{Location map | India#India Andaman and Nicobar Islands<br />
| width = 300<br />
| float = right<br />
| relief = yes<br />
| label = North Sentinel Island<br />
| position = right<br />
| lat_deg = 11 | lat_min = 33 <!-- default: lat_dir = N --><br />
| lon_deg = 92 | lon_min = 14 <!-- default: lon_dir = E --><br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Gallery-1491391768-north-sentinel-island.jpg|thumb|290px|Aerial photograph of [[North Sentinel Island]]]]<br />
<br />
The '''Sentinelese''', also known as the '''North Sentinel Islanders''', are [[Indigenous people]] who inhabit [[North Sentinel Island]] in the [[Bay of Bengal]] in the northeastern [[Indian Ocean]]. Designated a [[particularly vulnerable tribal group]] and a [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribe]], they belong to the broader class of [[Andamanese peoples]].<br />
<br />
Along with the [[Great Andamanese]], the [[Jarawas (Andaman Islands)|Jarawas]], the [[Onge people|Onge]], the [[Shompen people|Shompen]], and the [[Nicobarese people|Nicobarese]], the Sentinelese make up one of the six indigenous (and often reclusive) peoples of the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]. The tribe has had minimal contact with outsiders and has usually been hostile to those who approach or land on the island.<ref name="Wire22Nov">{{cite news |title='Adventurist' American Killed by Protected Andaman Tribe on Island Off-Limits to Visitors |last=Wire Staff |url=https://thewire.in/rights/american-killed-by-protected-andaman-tribe-on-island-off-limits-to-visitors |access-date=24 November 2018 |publisher=The wire |date=22 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122142019/https://thewire.in/rights/american-killed-by-protected-andaman-tribe-on-island-off-limits-to-visitors |archive-date=22 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> While friendly contact was reported in the early 1990s, such instances are rare.<ref name="McGirk 1993" /><br />
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The Andaman and Nicobar Islands Protection of Aboriginal Tribes Regulation of 1956 declared North Sentinel Island a tribal reserve and prohibited travel within {{convert|5|km|mi}} of it.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/325463572/Andaman-Nicobar-Protection-of-Aboriginal-Tribes-Regulation|website=www.scribd.com|access-date=2026-01-31}}</ref> It further maintains a constant armed patrol in the surrounding waters to prevent intrusions by outsiders.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Tanmay |title=Month after American youth was killed by Sentinelese tribe, Andaman police launches new helpline for tourists |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/month-after-american-youth-john-allen-chau-was-killed-by-sentinelese-tribe-andaman-police-launches-new-unit-to-monitor-tourists/story-04e7aWvwCawauaGIdKSPLM.html |access-date=22 November 2024 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Photography is prohibited, though some have gotten close enough to take pictures. There is significant uncertainty as to the group's size, with estimates ranging between 35 and 500 individuals, but mostly between 50 and 200.<br />
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== Overview ==<br />
=== Geography ===<br />
The Sentinelese live on [[North Sentinel Island]],{{efn|The Onges call it ''Chia daaKwokweyeh''.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=362}}}} in the [[Andaman Islands]], an Indian [[archipelago]] in the [[Bay of Bengal]].<ref name="telegraph2"/><ref name="forbes">{{Cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimdobson/2015/09/28/will-the-worlds-most-dangerous-island-become-a-human-zoo-the-shocking-future-of-north-sentinel/ |title=A Human Zoo on the World's Most Dangerous Island? The Shocking Future of North Sentinel |last=Dobson |first=Jim |date=21 November 2018 |work=[[Forbes]] | access-date=11 November 2018 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122111054/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimdobson/2015/09/28/will-the-worlds-most-dangerous-island-become-a-human-zoo-the-shocking-future-of-north-sentinel/#6ae97abd2688 |archive-date=22 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> The island lies about {{convert|64|km|nmi|0|abbr=on}} west of Andaman capital [[Port Blair]].<ref name=":12" /> It has an area of about {{convert|59.67|km2|acre|abbr=on}} and a roughly square outline.<ref name="Pilot1887">{{cite book |title=The Bay of Bengal Pilot |date=1887 |publisher=[[United Kingdom Hydrographic Office]] | series=Admiralty |location=London |page=257 |chapter={{not a typo|North Sentinel}}|oclc=557988334|ref=Pilot1887|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OuGgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA257|access-date=5 March 2019|archive-date=17 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517164949/https://books.google.com/books?id=OuGgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA257|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> The seashore is about {{convert|50|yd|m|round=5|order=flip|abbr=on}} wide encompassing a [[littoral forest]] that gives way to a dense [[tropical evergreen forest]].<ref name=":12" /> The island is surrounded by coral reefs and has a tropical climate.<ref name=":12" /><br />
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=== Appearance ===<br />
[[File:Distribution of different Andamanese peoples, languages, and dialects at the time of British contact compared to the present day.png|thumb|The distributions of different Andamanese peoples, languages, and dialects at the time of British contact compared to the present day]]<br />
A 1977 report by [[Heinrich Harrer]] described a man as {{convert|1.60|m|ftin}} tall, possibly because of [[insular dwarfism]] (the so-called "Island Effect"), nutrition, or simply genetic heritage.<ref name="Harrer19772">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nl8iAAAAMAAJ |title=Die letzten Fünfhundert: Expedition zu d. Zwergvölkern auf d. Andamanen |last=Harrer |first=Heinrich |date=1977 |publisher=[[Ullstein Verlag|Ullstein]] | isbn=978-3-550-06574-3 |location=Berlin |language=de |trans-title=The last five hundred: Expedition to the dwarf peoples in the Andaman Islands |oclc=4133917 |author-link=Heinrich Harrer |access-date=26 July 2015 |archive-date=8 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508091343/https://books.google.com/books?id=Nl8iAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live}}</ref> During a 2014 circumnavigation of their island, researchers put their height between {{convert|1.60|and|1.65|m|ftin|abbr=on}} and recorded their skin colour as "dark, shining black" with well-aligned teeth. They showed no signs of obesity and had very prominent muscles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://issuu.com/marlborough_college/docs/mc_0421_reflections_final/s/12403281 |title=The Most Isolated Tribe in the World: The Sentinelese}}</ref><br />
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=== Population ===<br />
No rigorous census has been conducted<ref name=":12" /> and the population has been variously estimated to be as low as 15<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3500_PART_B_DCHB_ANDAMAN%20%26%20NICOBAR%20ISLANDS.pdf |title=Census of India 2011 Andaman & Nicobar Islands |year=2011 |website=censusindia.gov.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801173328/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3500_PART_B_DCHB_ANDAMAN%20%26%20NICOBAR%20ISLANDS.pdf |archive-date=1 August 2015 |url-status=dead |access-date=18 March 2019}}</ref> or as high as 500. Most estimates lie between 50 and 200.<ref name="forbes" /><ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Pandya |first=Vishvajit |date=2009a |title=Through Lens and Text: Constructions of a 'Stone Age' Tribe in the Andaman Islands |journal=[[History Workshop Journal]] | volume=67 |issue=67 |pages=173–193 |doi=10.1093/hwj/dbn081 |jstor=40646218 |pmid=19824229}}</ref><ref name="bbc">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-46286215 |title=American 'killed by arrow-wielding tribe' |date=21 November 2018 |work=[[BBC News]] | access-date=21 November 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121105907/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-46286215 |archive-date=21 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bagla |first1=Pallava |last2=Stone |first2=Richard |year=2006 |title=After the Tsunami: A Scientist's Dilemma |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] | volume=313 |issue=5783 |pages=32–35 |jstor=3846572 |doi=10.1126/science.313.5783.32 |pmid=16825546 |s2cid=159773091}}</ref><br />
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The 1971 census estimated the population at around 82, and the 1981 census at 100.<ref name=":12" /> A 1986 expedition recorded the highest count, 98.<ref name=":12" /> In 2001, the [[census of India]] officially recorded 21 men and 18 women.<ref name="enumeration2">{{cite report |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Ad_Campaign/drop_in_articles/06-Enumeration_of_Primitive_Tribes_in_A&N_Islands.pdf#page=3 |title=Enumeration of Primitive Tribes in A&N Islands: A Challenge |quote=The first batch could identify 31 Sentinelese. The second batch could count altogether 39 Sentinelese consisting of male and female adults, children and infants. During both the contacts the enumeration team tried to communicate with them through some Jarawa words and gestures, but, Sentinelese could not understand those verbal words. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211011020/http://censusindia.gov.in/Ad_Campaign/drop_in_articles/06-Enumeration_of_Primitive_Tribes_in_A%26N_Islands.pdf#page=3 |archive-date=11 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> This survey was conducted from a distance and may not have been accurate.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ls1.and.nic.in/doef/WebPages/ForestStatistics2013.pdf |title=Forest Statistics – Department of Environment & Forests, Andaman & Nicobar Islands |year=2013 |access-date=16 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220191118/http://ls1.and.nic.in/doef/WebPages/ForestStatistics2013.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> 2004 post-[[tsunami]] expeditions recorded counts of 32 and 13 individuals in 2004 and 2005, respectively.<ref name=":12" /> The [[2011 census of India]] recorded 12 men and three women.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3500_PART_B_DCHB_ANDAMAN%20%26%20NICOBAR%20ISLANDS.pdf |title=Census of India 2011 Andaman & Nicobar Islands |year=2011 |website=censusindia.gov.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801173328/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3500_PART_B_DCHB_ANDAMAN%20%26%20NICOBAR%20ISLANDS.pdf |archive-date=1 August 2015 |url-status=dead |access-date=18 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=136700 |title=Tribals in A & N Islands |last=Government of India |first=Ministry of Tribal Affairs |date=24 February 2016 |work=Press Information Bureau |access-date=18 March 2019 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209020055/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=136700 |url-status=live}}</ref> During a 2014 circumnavigation, researchers recorded six women, seven men (all apparently under 40 years old) and three children younger than four.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-12 |title=The Forbidden North Sentinel Island |url=https://www.stolenhistory.org/articles/the-forbidden-north-sentinel-island.323/ |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=KD's Stolen History Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> A handbook released in 2016 by the [[Anthropological Survey of India]] on "Vulnerable Tribe Groups" estimates the population at between 100 and 150.<ref name=":12" /><br />
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=== Practices ===<br />
The Sentinelese are [[hunter-gatherer]]s. They use spears with bows and arrows to hunt terrestrial wildlife and more rudimentary methods to catch local seafood, such as [[mud crab]]s and molluscan shells. They are believed to eat many [[Mollusca|molluscs]], given the abundance of roasted shells found in their settlements.<ref name=":12" /> They are not known to engage in [[agriculture]].<ref name="Burman19902">{{cite book |title=Cartography for Development of Outlying States and Islands of India: Short Papers Submitted at NATMO Seminar, Calcutta, December 3–6, 1990 |publisher=National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India |year=1990 |editor-last=Burman |editor-first=B. K. Roy |page=203 |oclc=26542161}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://andaman.org/BOOK/chapter8/text8.htm |title=The Tribes: Chapter 8 |last=Weber |first=George |website=andaman.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402170506/http://andaman.org/BOOK/chapter8/text8.htm#sentinel |archive-date=2 April 2013 |url-status=dead |access-date=18 March 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Burton |first=Adrian |year=2012 |title=A world of their own |journal=[[Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment]] | volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=396 |jstor=41811425 |doi=10.1890/1540-9295-10.7.396 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2012FrEE...10..396B }}</ref> <br />
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Both sexes wear [[Barkcloth|bark strings]]; the men tuck daggers into their waist belts.<ref name=":12" /> They also wear some ornaments such as necklaces and headbands, but are essentially nude.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Goodheart |first=Adam |year=2000 |title=The Last Island of the Savages |url=https://s3.observador.pt/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/28174042/the-american-scholar_-the-last-island-of-the-savages-adam-goodheart.pdf |journal=[[The American Scholar (magazine)|The American Scholar]] | volume=69 |issue=4 |pages=13–44 |jstor=41213066}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Shammas |first=John |date=22 April 2015 |title=Mysterious island is home to 60,000-year-old community who KILL outsiders |work=[[Daily Mirror]] | url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/mysterious-island-home-60000-year-old-community-5565966 |url-status=live |access-date=21 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121160535/https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/mysterious-island-home-60000-year-old-community-5565966 |archive-date=21 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="neatorama">{{Cite news |title=The Forbidden Island |language=en |work=Neatorama |url=https://www.neatorama.com/2013/07/08/The-Forbidden-Island |url-status=live |access-date=21 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122192313/https://www.neatorama.com/2013/07/08/The-Forbidden-Island |archive-date=22 November 2018}}</ref> Usual habitations include small temporary huts erected on four poles with [[lean-to|slanted leaf-covered roofs]].{{sfn|Pandit|1990|page=16}}<br />
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There is no evidence of the Sentinelese having knowledge of [[metallurgy]] outside of [[Cold working|cold forging]] to make tools and weapons,<ref>{{cite news |title=Isolated Tribe Kills American With Bow and Arrow on Remote Indian Island |website=[[The New York Times]] | date=21 November 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/21/world/asia/american-killed-andaman-island-tribe.html |last1=Gettleman |first1=Jeffrey |last2=Kumar |first2=Hari |last3=Schultz |first3=Kai}}</ref> though the Andamanese scholar Vishvajit Pandya notes that Onge narratives often recall voyages by their ancestors to North Sentinel to procure metal.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=41}} Residents of the island accepted [[aluminium]] cookware left by the [[National Geographic Society]] in 1974.<ref name=":02" /> <br />
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Canoes are used for lagoon-fishing, but long poles rather than paddles or oars propel them.<ref name=":12" />{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=346}} They seldom use the canoes for cross-island navigation.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=346}} Artistic engravings of simple geometric designs and shade contrasts have been seen on their weapons.<ref name=":12" /> <br />
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The women have been seen to dance by slapping both palms on the thighs while simultaneously tapping the feet rhythmically in a bent-knee stance.<ref name=":12" /><br />
[[File:Andaman tribals fishing (c. 1870).jpg|thumb|Members of an unspecified Andaman tribe fishing {{Circa|1870}}]]<br />
Similarities and dissimilarities to the [[Onge]] people have been noted. They prepare their food similarly.<ref name="Portman18992">{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y1o8AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA728 |title=A History of Our Relations with the Andamanese |last=Portman |first=Maurice Vidal |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India |year=1899 |volume=II |location=Calcutta |page=728 |chapter=XVIII: The Jàrawas |isbn=978-0-598-49815-1 |oclc=861984 |author-link=Maurice Vidal Portman |access-date=26 July 2015 |archive-date=17 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517105518/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y1o8AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA728 |url-status=live}}</ref> They share common traits in body decoration and material culture.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=362}} There are also similarities in the design of their canoes; of all the Andamanese tribes, only the Sentinelese and Onge make canoes.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=362}}{{efn|The Onge call these canoes "Chanku-ate".<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |title=The Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups in India : Privileges and Predicaments |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |year=2016 |isbn=978-93-5098106-1 |pages=659–668 |chapter=The Sentineles of Andaman & Nicobar Islands}}</ref>}} Similarities with the Jarawas have been also noted: their bows have similar patterns. No such marks are found on Onge bows, and both tribes sleep on the ground, while the Onge sleep on raised platforms.{{Sfn|Pandit|1990|p=14}} The metal arrowheads and adze blades are quite large and heavier than those of other Andamanese tribes.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=361}}{{Clarify|reason=Concerns which of the three tribes?|date=March 2022}}<br />
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=== Language ===<br />
{{Main|Sentinelese language}}<br />
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Because of their complete isolation, very little is known about the Sentinelese language, which is therefore [[Unclassified language|unclassified]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Zide |first1=Norman |last2=Pandya |first2=Vishvajit |year=1989 |title=A Bibliographical Introduction to Andamanese Linguistics |journal=[[Journal of the American Oriental Society]] | volume=109 |issue=4 |pages=639–651 |doi=10.2307/604090 |jstor=604090}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQt6XWloU10C |title=Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages |last=Moseley |first=Christopher |date=2007 |publisher=[[Routledge]] | isbn=978-0-7007-1197-0 |pages=342 |language=en |access-date=16 August 2019 |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118202917/https://books.google.com/books?id=dQt6XWloU10C |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |url=http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter8/text8.htm#sentineli |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507061710/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter8/text8.htm#sentineli |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 May 2013 |title=Chapter 8: The Tribes |date=5 July 2013 |access-date=5 December 2018}}</ref> It has been recorded that the [[Jarawa language (Andaman Islands)|Jarawa language]] is mutually unintelligible with the Sentinelese language.<ref name="enumeration2" /><ref name=":2" /> The range of overlap with the [[Önge language|Onge language]] is unknown;{{Sfn|Pandit|1990|pp=21–22}} the [[Anthropological Survey of India]]'s 2016 handbook on Vulnerable Tribe Groups considers them mutually unintelligible.<ref name=":12" /><br />
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=== Isolation and uncontacted status ===<br />
In 1957, the [[Government of India|Indian government]] declared North Sentinel Island a tribal reserve and prohibited travel within {{convert|3|nmi|km|abbr=off}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Burton |first=Adrian |year=2012 |title=A world of their own |journal=[[Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment]] | volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=396 |jstor=41811425 |doi=10.1890/1540-9295-10.7.396 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2012FrEE...10..396B }}</ref><ref name="Ignoring">{{Cite news |url=https://news.sky.com/story/us-man-killed-by-tribe-after-ignoring-ban-on-visiting-remote-north-sentinel-island-11559343 |title=US man killed by tribe after ignoring ban on visiting remote North Sentinel island |last=Whiteside |first=Philip |date=21 November 2018 |publisher=[[Sky News]] | access-date=19 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121225559/https://news.sky.com/story/us-man-killed-by-tribe-after-ignoring-ban-on-visiting-remote-north-sentinel-island-11559343 |archive-date=21 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/know-how-60000-year-old-human-tribe-of-secluded-north-sentinel-island-behaves-with-outsiders/as62566496.cms |title=Know how 60,000-year-old human tribe of secluded North Sentinel Island behaves with outsiders |last=Sengar |first=Resham |work=[[The Times of India]] Travel |access-date=21 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122154953/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/know-how-60000-year-old-human-tribe-of-secluded-north-sentinel-island-behaves-with-outsiders/as62566496.cms |archive-date=22 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Photography was prohibited.<ref name="wiresen1">{{Cite news |url=https://thewire.in/government/centre-ignored-scheduled-tribe-panel-recommendations-vulnerable-andaman-tribes |title=Centre Ignored ST Panel Advice on Protecting Vulnerable Andaman Tribes |last=Bhatnagar |first=Gaurav Vivek |date=23 November 2018 |work=The Wire |access-date=19 March 2019 |archive-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203202738/https://thewire.in/government/centre-ignored-scheduled-tribe-panel-recommendations-vulnerable-andaman-tribes |url-status=live}}</ref> A constant armed patrol prevents intrusions by outsiders.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=334}}<br />
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The Sentinelese are a community of [[uncontacted peoples|indigenous peoples in voluntary isolation]]. Designated a [[particularly vulnerable tribal group]]<ref name="protected1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/beyond-killing-of-american-national-sovereign-citizens-of-india-1393188-2018-11-21 |title=Beyond killing of American national: Sovereign citizens of India |last=Dutta |first=Prabhash K. |date=21 November 2018 |work=[[India Today]] | access-date=19 March 2019 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327134909/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/beyond-killing-of-american-national-sovereign-citizens-of-india-1393188-2018-11-21 |url-status=live}}</ref> and a [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribe]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/ST%20Lists.pdf |title=List of notified Scheduled Tribes |publisher=Census India |page=27 |access-date=15 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107225208/http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/ST%20Lists.pdf |archive-date=7 November 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> they belong to the broader class of [[Andamanese people]].<br />
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Along with the Great Andamanese, the Jarawas, the Onge, the Shompen, and the Nicobarese, the Sentinelese are one of the six often reclusive peoples indigenous to the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]].<ref name="protected1" /> Unlike the others, the Sentinelese appear to have consistently refused any interaction with the outside world. They are hostile to outsiders and have killed people who approached or landed on the island.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/21/world/asia/american-killed-andaman-island-tribe.html |title=American Is Killed by Bow and Arrow on Remote Indian Island |last=Gettleman |first=Jeffrey |date=21 November 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] | language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121174739/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/21/world/asia/american-killed-andaman-island-tribe.html |archive-date=21 November 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |url=https://curiosity.com/topics/north-sentinel-island-is-home-to-the-last-uncontacted-people-on-earth-curiosity/ |title=North Sentinel Island Is Home to the Last Uncontacted People on Earth |last=Westmass |first=Reuben |website=curiosity.com |access-date=19 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122005654/https://curiosity.com/topics/north-sentinel-island-is-home-to-the-last-uncontacted-people-on-earth-curiosity/ |archive-date=22 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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== History of contacts ==<br />
{{Anchor|Contact}}<br />
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The first peaceful contact with the Sentinelese was made by [[Triloknath Pandit]], a director of the [[Anthropological Survey of India]], and his colleagues, on 4 January 1991. Later, contact was made by [[Madhumala Chattopadhyay]].<ref name="Befriending">{{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jayanta |date=1997 |chapter=Befriending the Sentinelese of the Andamans: A Dilemma |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TZOvYPBrxl0C&pg=PA287 |editor1-last=Pfeffer |editor1-first=Georg |editor2-last=Behera |editor2-first=Deepak Kumar |title=Development Issues, Transition and Change |series=Contemporary Society: Tribal Studies |volume=2 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-7022-642-2 |lccn=97905535 |oclc=37770121 |ol=324654M |access-date=15 April 2020 |archive-date=28 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428132320/https://books.google.com/books?id=TZOvYPBrxl0C&pg=PA287 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|288}}{{rp|289}}<ref name="McGirk 1993">{{cite news |last=McGirk |first=Tim |date=10 January 1993 |title=Islanders running out of isolation: Tim McGirk in the Andaman Islands reports on the fate of the Sentinelese |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/islanders-running-out-of-isolation-tim-mcgirk-in-the-andaman-islands-reports-on-the-fate-of-the-1477566.html |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=15 April 2020 |archive-date=8 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208081833/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/islanders-running-out-of-isolation-tim-mcgirk-in-the-andaman-islands-reports-on-the-fate-of-the-1477566.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Indian visits to the island ceased in 1997.<ref name="andaman.org">{{cite web |url=http://andaman.org/BOOK/chapter8/text8.htm#sentineli |work=The Andamanese |title=Chapter 8: The Tribes; Part 6. The Sentineli |first=George |last=Weber |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507061710/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter8/text8.htm |archive-date=7 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An American, [[John Allen Chau]], was killed in 2018 while visiting the island illegally as a Christian missionary.<br />
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=== Colonial period ===<br />
In 1771, an [[East India Company]] [[hydrographic survey]] vessel, the ''Diligent'', observed "a multitude of lights{{nbsp}}[...] upon the shore" of North Sentinel Island, which is the island's first recorded mention. The crew did not investigate.<ref name=":3" /><br />
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During a late summer [[monsoon]] in October 1867, the Indian merchant-vessel ''Nineveh'' foundered on the reef off North Sentinel. All the passengers and crew reached the beach safely, but as they proceeded for their breakfast on the third day, they were suddenly assaulted by a group of naked, short-haired, red-painted islanders with arrows.<ref name=":3" /> The captain, who fled in the ship's boat, was found days later by a [[brig]] and the [[Royal Navy]] sent a rescue party to the island. Upon arrival, the party discovered that the survivors had managed to repel the attackers with sticks and stones and that they had not reappeared.<ref name=":3" /><br />
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The first recorded visit to the island by a colonial officer was by Jeremiah Homfray in 1867. He recorded seeing naked islanders catching fish with bows and arrows, and was informed by the Great Andamanese that they were Jarawas.<ref name=":8" /><ref name="forestmanagement">{{Cite book |title=Indigenous Forest Management in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India |last=Kavita |first=Arora |publisher=Springer |year=2018 |isbn=978-3-030-00032-5 |pages=17–100}}</ref><ref name=":9" /><br />
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In 1880, in an effort to establish contact with the Sentinelese, the [[Royal Navy]] officer [[Maurice Vidal Portman]], who was serving as a colonial administrator to the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], led an armed group of Europeans along with convict-orderlies and Andamanese trackers{{Clarify|reason=Incomprehensible jargon.|date=March 2022}} (whom they had already befriended) to North Sentinel Island. On their arrival, the islanders fled into the treeline. After several days of futile search, during which they found abandoned villages and paths, Portman's men captured six people: an elderly man, a woman and four children.<ref name="weber">{{cite web |first=George |last=Weber |url=http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/app-a/a-portman.htm |title=Maurice Vidal Portman (1861–1935) |work=The Andamanese (Appendix A – Pioneer Biographies of the British Period to 1947) |access-date=2020-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805204050/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/app-a/a-portman.htm |archive-date=5 August 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="obit">(1935) "[http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/app-a/a-portman.htm Obituary – Mr. M.V. Portman – 'Father' of Andaman Islanders] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805204050/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/app-a/a-portman.htm |date=5 August 2012 }}". ''The Times of London'', 22 February 1935. Reproduced by G. Weber in ''[http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/text-group-BodyChapters.htm The Andamanese] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724070402/http://andaman.org/BOOK/text-group-BodyChapters.htm |date=24 July 2013 }}'', Appendix A</ref> The man and woman died of illness shortly after their arrival in [[Port Blair]] and the children began to fall ill as well. Portman hurriedly sent the children back to North Sentinel Island with a large quantity of gifts in an attempt to establish friendly relations.<ref name=":3" /> Portman visited the island again in 1883,<ref name=":8" /> 1885 and 1887.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TZOvYPBrxl0C&pg=PA288 |title=Contemporary Society: Developmental Issues, Transition, and Change |last1=Pfeffer |first1=Georg |last2=Behera |first2=Deepak Kumar |date=1997 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-642-0 |language=en |access-date=16 August 2019 |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118203134/https://books.google.com/books?id=TZOvYPBrxl0C&lpg=PA288 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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[[File:M V Portman.jpg|thumb|left|[[Maurice Vidal Portman]] photographed with Andamanese chiefs in British India]]<br />
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In 1896, a convict escaped from the [[penal colony]] on Great Andaman Island on a makeshift raft and drifted across to the North Sentinel beach. His body was discovered by a search party some days later with several arrow-piercings and a cut throat. The party recorded that they did not see any islanders.<ref name=":3" /><br />
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In an 1899 speech, [[Richard Carnac Temple]], who was chief commissioner of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands from 1895 to 1904, reported that he had toured North Sentinel island to capture fugitives,{{Clarify|reason=Are we talking about the 1896 case?|date=March 2022}} but upon landing discovered that they had been killed by the inhabitants, who retreated in haste upon seeing his party approach.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |title=Journal of the Society for Arts, Vol. 48, no. 2457 <!-- That is the title --> |journal=[[The Journal of the Society of Arts]] | volume=48 |issue=2457 |pages=105–136 |language=en |jstor=41335348 |last1=Temple |first1=R. C. |last2=Bare |first2=H. Bloomfield |year=1899}}</ref> Temple also recorded a case where a Sentinelese man apparently drifted off to the Onge and fraternised with them over the course of two years. When Temple and Portman accompanied the man to the tribe and attempted to establish friendly contact, they did not recognise him and responded aggressively by shooting arrows at the group. The man refused to remain on the island.<ref name=":7" /> Portman cast doubt on the exact timespan the Sentinelese spent with the Onge, and believed that he had probably been raised by the Onge since childhood.<ref name=":8" /> Temple concluded the Sentinelese were "a tribe which slays every stranger, however inoffensive, on sight, whether a forgotten member of itself, of another Andamanese tribe, or a complete foreigner".<ref name=":7" /><br />
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Other British colonial administrators visited the island, including Rogers in 1902, but none of the expeditions after 1880 had any ethnographic purpose, probably because of the island's small size and unfavourable location.<ref name=":3" /> M.C.C. Bonnington, a British colonial official, visited the island in 1911 and 1932 to conduct a census. On the first occasion, he came across eight men on the beach and another five in two canoes, who retreated into the forest. The party progressed some miles into the island without facing any hostile response and saw a few huts with slanted roofs. Eventually, failing to find anyone, Bonnington and his men left the island.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Jarawa of the Andaman Islands |journal=Anthropos |volume=57 |issue=3/6 |pages=670–677 |language=en |jstor=40455833 |last1=Sarkar |first1=S. S. |year=1962}}</ref> Notably, the Sentinelese were counted as a standalone group for the first time in the 1911 census.{{Sfn|Pandit|1990|p=14}}<br />
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In 1954, the Italian explorer [[Lidio Cipriani]] visited the island but did not encounter any inhabitants.{{Sfn|Pandit|1990|p=15}}<br />
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=== T. N. Pandit (1967–1991) ===<br />
In 1967, a group of 20 people consisting of the governor, armed forces and naval personnel, were led by [[Triloknath Pandit|T. N. Pandit]], an Indian anthropologist working for the [[Anthropological Survey of India]], to North Sentinel Island to explore it and befriend the Sentinelese.<ref name=":3" /><ref name="auto">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/know-how-60000-year-old-human-tribe-of-secluded-north-sentinel-island-behaves-with-outsiders/as62566496.cms |title=Know how 60,000-year-old human tribe of secluded North Sentinel Island behaves with outsiders |last=Sengar |first=Resham |work=[[The Times of India]] Travel |access-date=21 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122154953/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/know-how-60000-year-old-human-tribe-of-secluded-north-sentinel-island-behaves-with-outsiders/as62566496.cms |archive-date=22 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="pandit">{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/surprised-the-sentinelese-killed-someone-first-anthropologist-to-enter-north-sentinel-island/articleshow/66787948.cms |title=Surprised the Sentinelese killed someone: First anthropologist to enter North Sentinel island |last=Sharma |first=Shantanu Nandan |date=24 November 2018 |work=[[The Economic Times]] | access-date=26 November 2018 |archive-date=26 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126094109/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/surprised-the-sentinelese-killed-someone-first-anthropologist-to-enter-north-sentinel-island/articleshow/66787948.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> This was the first visit to the island by a professional anthropologist.<ref name=":12" /> Through binoculars, the group saw several clusters of Sentinelese along the coastline who retreated into the forest as the team advanced. The team followed their footprints and after about {{convert|1|km}} found a group of 18 [[lean-to]] huts made from grass and leaves that showed signs of recent occupation as evidenced by the still-burning fires at the corners of the hut. The team also discovered raw honey, skeletal remains of pigs, wild fruits, an [[adze]], a multi-pronged wooden spear, bows, arrows, cane baskets, fishing nets, bamboo pots and wooden buckets. Metal-working was evident. The team failed to establish any contact and withdrew after leaving gifts.{{Sfn|Pandit|1990|pp=17–20}}<br />
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The government was aware that leaving the Sentinelese (and the area) completely isolated and ceasing to claim any control would lead to rampant illegal exploitation of the natural resources by the numerous mercenary outlaws who took refuge in those regions, and probably contribute to the extinction of the Sentinelese people. Accordingly, in 1970, an official surveying party landed at an isolated spot on the island and erected a stone tablet, atop a disused native hearth, that declared the island part of India.<ref name=":3" /><br />
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In early 1974, a ''[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]'' film crew went to the island with a team of anthropologists (including Pandit), accompanied by armed police, to film a documentary, ''Man in Search of Man''. They planned to spread the operation of gift-giving over three days and attempt to establish friendly contact. When the motorboat broke through the barrier reefs, the locals emerged from the jungle and shot arrows at it. The crew landed at a safe point on the coast and left gifts in the sand, including a miniature plastic car, some coconuts, a live pig, a doll and aluminium cookware.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=357}} The Sentinelese followed up by launching another volley of arrows, one of which struck the documentary director in his thigh. The man who wounded the director withdrew to the shade of a tree and laughed proudly while others speared and buried the pig and the doll. They left afterward, taking the coconuts and cookware.<ref name=":02" />{{Sfn|Pandit|1990|pp=24–25}} This expedition also led to the first photograph of the Sentinelese, published by Raghubir Singh in ''National Geographic'' magazine, where they were presented as people for whom "arrows speak louder than words".{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=330}}<br />
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During the 1970s and 1980s, Pandit undertook several visits to the island, sometimes as an "expert advisor" in tour parties including dignitaries who wished to encounter an aboriginal tribe.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":3" /> Beginning in 1981, he regularly led official expeditions with the purpose of establishing friendly contact.{{Sfn|Pandit|1990|p=13}} Many of these got a friendly reception, with hoards of gifts left for them,<ref name=":12" />{{Clarify|reason=Awkward use of pronouns. The Sentinelese left gifts?|date=March 2022}} but some ended in violent encounters,{{Clarify|reason=Violence has a very broad meaning; specifics are needed.|date=March 2022}} which were mostly suppressed.<ref name=":02" />{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=357}}{{Clarify|reason=By what method were they suppressed, and which side was doing the suppression?|date=April 2024}} Some of the expeditions (1987, 1992, et al.) were entirely documented on film.<ref name=":12" /> Sometimes the Sentinelese waved and sometimes they turned their backs and assumed a "defecating" posture, which Pandit took as a sign of their not being welcome. On some occasions, they rushed out of the jungle to take the gifts but then attacked the party with arrows.<ref name=":3" /> Other gestures in response to contact parties, such as swaying of penises, have been noted.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=358}} On some of his visits, Pandit brought some Onge to the island to try to communicate with the Sentinelese, but the attempts were usually futile and Pandit reported one instance of angering the Sentinelese.<ref name="pandit" />{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=330}}<br />
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=== Wreck of the ''Rusley'' ===<br />
In 1977, the ''Rusley'' ran aground off the north coast of North Sentinel Island.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Buckner |first1=William |title=The Not-So-Lost Tribe |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/11/30/the-not-so-lost-tribe-sentinel-island-sentinelese-missionary-john-chau/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130231205/https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/11/30/the-not-so-lost-tribe-sentinel-island-sentinelese-missionary-john-chau/ |archive-date=2018-11-30 |website=Foreign Policy |date=30 November 2018}}</ref><br />
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=== 1981 wreck of MV ''Primrose'' ===<br />
On 2 August 1981, the MV ''Primrose'', carrying a bulk cargo of chicken feed from Bangladesh to Australia, ran aground in rough seas just off North Sentinel Island, stranding a small crew.<ref name="poult1">{{cite news |last=Tewari |first=Debayan |date=3 December 2018 |title=When the Sentinelese shun bows and arrows to welcome outsiders |work=[[The Economic Times]] | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/when-the-sentinelese-shun-bows-and-arrows-to-welcome-outsiders/articleshow/66917810.cms |url-status=live |access-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203153746/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/when-the-sentinelese-shun-bows-and-arrows-to-welcome-outsiders/articleshow/66917810.cms |archive-date=3 December 2018}}</ref> After a few days, the captain dispatched a distress call asking for a drop of firearms and reported boats being prepared by more than 50 armed islanders intending to board the ship. Strong waves prevented the Sentinelese canoes from reaching the ship and deflected their arrows. The crew of 31 men were keeping a twenty-four-hour guard with axes, pipes, and flare guns. Nearly a week later, the crew was evacuated by a civilian helicopter contracted to the [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation]] (ONGC) with support from Indian naval forces.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=UPI Archives |date=25 August 1981 |title=Twenty-eight sailors shipwrecked for nearly two weeks off a... |work=United Press International |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/08/25/Twenty-eight-sailors-shipwrecked-for-nearly-two-weeks-off-a/1381367560000/ |url-status=live |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802050531/http://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/08/25/Twenty-eight-sailors-shipwrecked-for-nearly-two-weeks-off-a/1381367560000/ |archive-date=2 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mottram |first=Dennis |date=22 December 2010 |title=North Sentinel Island, Captain Robert Fore and previously unseen photographs of the 1981 Primrose rescue |url=http://www.eternalidol.com/?p=8593 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711004550/http://www.eternalidol.com/?p=8593 |archive-date=11 July 2011 |website=eternalidol.com}}</ref><br />
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The Sentinelese scoured the abandoned [[shipwreck]]s to salvage iron for their weaponry.<ref name=":02" /><ref name="poult1" /> M. A. Mohammad, a scrap dealer who won a government contract to dismantle the ''Primrose'' wreck (about {{convert|300|ft|m|-1|order=flip|abbr=on|disp=sqbr}} from the shoreline) and assembled men for the purpose, recorded friendly exchange of fruits and small metal scraps with the Sentinelese, who often canoed to the workplace at low tide:<ref name=":02" />{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|pp=342–343}}{{Blockquote|text=After two days, in the early morning when it was low tide we saw three Sentinelese canoes with about a dozen men about fifty feet away from the deck of Primrose. We were skeptical and scared and had no other solution but to bring out our supply of bananas and show it to them to attract them and minimise any chance of hostility. They took the bananas and came up on board of Primrose and were frantically looking around for smaller pieces of metal scrap [...] They visited us regularly at least twice or thrice in a month while we worked at the site for about 18 months.|sign=|source=}}<br />
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=== 1991 expedition ===<br />
In 1991, the first instances of peaceful contact were recorded in the course of two routine expeditions by an Indian anthropological team consisting of various representatives of diverse governmental departments,<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Pandya |first=Vishvajit |year=2009a |title=In the Forest |publisher=University Press of America |isbn=978-0-7618-4272-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UzX63tCpXQC |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610200558/https://books.google.com/books?id=9UzX63tCpXQC |archive-date=10 June 2016}}</ref> including the anthropologist [[Madhumala Chattopadhyay]]. This was the first time a woman was a part of a contact expedition with the Sentinelese.<ref>{{cite news |last=Zakeer |first=Fehmida |date=2018-12-07 |title=Meet the first woman to contact one of the world's most isolated tribes |website=National Geographic |lang=en |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/first-woman-chattopadhyay-contact-sentinelese-andaman |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228062710/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/first-woman-chattopadhyay-contact-sentinelese-andaman |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 February 2021 |access-date=2021-09-29}}</ref><ref name="senguptaup1">{{cite news |last=Sengupta |first=Sudipto |date=30 November 2018 |title=Madhumala Chattopadhyay, the woman who made the Sentinelese put their arrows down |newspaper=The Print |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/madhumala-chattopadhyay-the-woman-who-made-the-sentinelese-put-their-arrows-down/156330/ |access-date=19 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228144020/https://theprint.in/opinion/madhumala-chattopadhyay-the-woman-who-made-the-sentinelese-put-their-arrows-down/156330/ |archive-date=28 February 2019}}</ref><br />
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During a 4 January 1991 visit, the Sentinelese approached the party without weaponry for the first time.<ref name="McGirk 1993" /> They collected coconuts that were offered but retreated to the shore as the team gestured for them to come closer. The team returned to the main ship, [[merchant vessel|MV]]&nbsp;''Tarmugli''. It returned to the island in the afternoon to find at least two dozen Sentinelese on the shoreline, one of whom pointed a bow and arrow at the party. Once a woman pushed the arrow down, the man buried his weapons in the sand and the Sentinelese approached quite close to the dinghies for the first time. The Director of Tribal Welfare distributed five bags of coconuts hand-to-hand.<ref name=":3" /><br />
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Pandya comments:{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=331}}<br />
{{block quote|Those present in the defining moment of physical contact now wished to extract professional mileage from the fact of being actually 'touched' by the Sentinelese during the gift giving exercise. Every participating member of the contact party wanted to take the credit of being the first to 'touch the Sentinelese', as if it were a great mystical moment of transubstantiation wherein the savage hostile reciprocated a gesture of civilised friendship.<br />
:<br />
Who touched and who was touched during the contact event became an emotionally charged issue within various sectors of the administration where claims and counter-claims were sought to be established with earnestness and vigor ... it is interesting to note the range of political and cultural significance invested in this specific event of contact.<br />
}}<br />
Pandit and Madhumala took part in a second expedition on 24&nbsp;February. The Sentinelese again appeared without weapons, jumped on the dinghies and took coconut sacks. They were also curious about a rifle hidden in the boat, which Chattopadhyay believed they saw as a source of iron.<ref name="poult1" /><ref name="pandit" /><br />
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In light of the friendly exchanges with the scrap dealers' team and Portman's observations in 1880, Pandya believes that the Sentinelese used to be visited by other tribes.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=343}}<br />
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=== Later expeditions ===<br />
The series of contact expeditions continued until 1994, with some of them even attempting to plant coconut trees on the island.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=332}} The programmes were then abandoned<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":3" /> for nearly nine years.<ref name=":12" /> The Indian government maintained a policy of no deliberate contact, intervening only in cases of natural calamities that might pose an existential threat or to thwart poachers.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=333}}<br />
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A likely reason for the termination of these missions was that the Sentinelese did not let most of the post-Pandit contact teams get near them.<ref name=":3" /> The teams usually waited until the armed Sentinelese retreated, then left gifts on the beach or set them adrift toward shore.<ref name=":02" /> The government was also concerned about the possibility of harm to the Sentinelese by an influx of outsiders, a result of them projecting a relatively friendly image.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=333}} Photos of the 1991 expedition were removed from public display and use of them was restricted by the government.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=333}}<br />
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The next expedition was in April&nbsp;2003, when a canoe built by the Onges was given to the visitors.<ref name=":12" /><br />
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=== 2004 tsunami ===<br />
Further expeditions (some aerial) in 2004 and 2005 evaluated the effects of the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004 Indian Ocean tsunami]], which caused massive tectonic changes to the island: it was enlarged by a merger with nearby small islands, and the sea floor was raised by about {{convert|1.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, exposing the surrounding coral reefs to air and destroying the shallow lagoons, which were the Sentinelese's fishing grounds.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=347}} The expeditions counted 32 Sentinelese scattered over three places but did not find any bodies.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=362}} The Sentinelese responded to these aerial expeditions with hostile gestures, which led many to conclude that the community was mostly unaffected and had survived the calamity. Pandya argues that Sentinelese hostility is a sign of the physical as well as the cultural resilience of the community.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=336}}<br />
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The Sentinelese generally received the post-tsunami expeditions in a friendly manner. They approached the visiting parties unarmed, in contrast to the arms or shields carried when meeting earlier expeditions.<ref name=":12" /><br />
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=== 2006 killing of fishermen ===<br />
{{redirect|Sunder Raj|others with similar names|Sundarrajan}}<br />
On 27 January 2006, Indian fishermen Sunder Raj and Pandit Tiwari, who had been attempting to illegally harvest crabs off North Sentinel Island, drifted towards the island after their boat's makeshift anchor failed during the night. They did not respond to warning calls from passing fishermen, and their boat drifted into the shallows near the island,<ref name="telegraph2" /> where a group of Sentinelese tribals attacked it and killed the fishermen with axes.<ref name="Guardian_12feb2006">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/feb/12/theobserver.worldnews12 |title=Survival comes first for Sentinel islanders – the world's last 'stone-age' tribe |last=McDougall |first=Dan |date=12 February 2006 |work=[[The Guardian]] | access-date=26 November 2018 |archive-date=26 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126053606/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/feb/12/theobserver.worldnews12 |url-status=live}}</ref> According to one report, the bodies were later put on bamboo stakes facing out to sea like [[scarecrow]]s.<ref name="NDTV 25 November 2018">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/officials-retreat-after-andamans-sentinelese-tribe-seen-armed-with-bows-and-arrows-1953034 |title=Cops Retreat After Andaman Tribe Seen Armed With Bows And Arrows |last=All India – Agence France-Presse |date=25 November 2018 |website=ndtv.com |access-date=25 November 2018 |archive-date=25 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125125719/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/officials-retreat-after-andamans-sentinelese-tribe-seen-armed-with-bows-and-arrows-1953034 |url-status=live}}</ref> Three days later, an [[Indian Coast Guard]] helicopter, dispatched for the purpose, found the buried bodies.<ref name=":02" /><ref name="telegraph2">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/1509987/Stone-Age-tribe-kills-fishermen-who-strayed-on-to-island.html |title=Stone Age tribe kills fishermen who strayed on to island |last=Foster |first=Peter |date=8 February 2006 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] | access-date=25 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020082917/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/1509987/Stone-Age-tribe-kills-fishermen-who-strayed-on-to-island.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=340}} When the helicopter tried to retrieve them, the Sentinelese attacked it with arrows and, according to some sources, with spears, and the mission was soon abandoned.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Som |first1=Vishnu |title=Attacked By Andaman Tribe, Coast Guard Officer's Terrifying Account |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/north-sentinel-island-they-attacked-my-chopper-officers-encounter-with-remote-andaman-tribe-1952354 |access-date=24 November 2018 |publisher=[[NDTV]] | date=23 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124012303/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/north-sentinel-island-they-attacked-my-chopper-officers-encounter-with-remote-andaman-tribe-1952354 |archive-date=24 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NDTV_Study_spears">{{cite news |title=Cops Studying Rituals of Tribe That Killed US Man To Recover His Body |last=Banerjie |first=Monideepa |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/cops-studying-rituals-of-tribe-that-killed-us-man-john-allen-chau-to-recover-his-body-1952922 |access-date=24 November 2018 |publisher=NDTV |date=25 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124232928/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/cops-studying-rituals-of-tribe-that-killed-us-man-john-allen-chau-to-recover-his-body-1952922 |archive-date=24 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> There were contrasting views in the local community as to whether the Sentinelese ought to be prosecuted for the murder.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|pp=349–352}}<br />
<br />
Pandya hypothesises that the aggressive response might have been caused by the sudden withdrawal of those gift-carrying expeditions, which was not influenced or informed by any acts of the Sentinelese.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|p=333}} He also notes that while the images of the hostile Sentinelese the helicopter sorties captured were heavily propagated in the media, the images of them burying the dead were never released. This selective display effectively negated the friendly images that circulated in the aftermath of the 1991 contact, which had already been taken out of public display, and restored the 1975 ''National Geographic'' narrative.{{Sfn|Pandya|2009|pp=349–352}}<br />
<br />
=== 2018 killing of missionary ===<br />
In November 2018, [[John Allen Chau]], a 26-year-old American<ref name="Wapo21NovGod">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2018/11/21/american-believed-dead-after-encounter-with-remote-indian-tribe-hostile-outsiders/ |title='God, I don't want to die,' U.S. missionary wrote before he was killed by remote tribe on Indian island |last=Slater |first=Joanna |date=21 November 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | access-date=22 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121184510/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2018/11/21/american-believed-dead-after-encounter-with-remote-indian-tribe-hostile-outsiders/ |archive-date=21 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> trained and sent by the US-based [[Christians|Christian]] missionary organisation All Nations,<ref name="trained_news.au">{{cite news |title=Police face-off with Sentinelese tribe as they struggle to recover slain missionary's body |last=News Corp |url=https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/incidents/police-faceoff-with-sentinelese-tribe-as-they-struggle-to-recover-slain-missionarys-body/news-story/a88d3780059939a5e11ebcfb556327ac |access-date=26 November 2018 |publisher=News.com.au |date=26 November 2018 |archive-date=26 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126034539/https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/incidents/police-faceoff-with-sentinelese-tribe-as-they-struggle-to-recover-slain-missionarys-body/news-story/a88d3780059939a5e11ebcfb556327ac |url-status=live}}</ref> travelled to North Sentinel Island with the aim of contacting and living among the Sentinelese<ref name="trained_news.au" /> in the hope of converting them to Christianity.<ref name="bbc" /><ref name="Wapo21NovGod" /><ref name="reuters">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-usa-murder/american-killed-on-remote-indian-island-off-limits-to-visitors-idUSKCN1NQ0QT |title=American killed on remote Indian island off-limits to visitors |last=Roy |first=Sanjib Kumar |date=21 November 2018 |access-date=22 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121203853/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-usa-murder/american-killed-on-remote-indian-island-off-limits-to-visitors-idUSKCN1NQ0QT |archive-date=21 November 2018 |url-status=live |work=Reuters}}</ref><ref name="scmp">{{Cite news |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/south-asia/article/2174420/why-are-they-so-angry-us-man-john-allen-chau-killed-remote |title=US man killed by remote tribe was trying to spread Christianity |agency=Reuters |work=South China Morning Post |access-date=24 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123175329/https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/south-asia/article/2174420/why-are-they-so-angry-us-man-john-allen-chau-killed-remote |archive-date=23 November 2018 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref> He did not seek the necessary permits required to visit the island.<ref name="Chatterjee">{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/american-national-john-allen-chau-violated-every-rule-in-the-book-to-meet-the-sentinelese/story-AuB0stXyIR7AY1c2XCNkfN.html |title=American national John Allen Chau violated every rule in the book to meet the Sentinelese |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Tanmay |date=23 November 2018 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129133811/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/american-national-john-allen-chau-violated-every-rule-in-the-book-to-meet-the-sentinelese/story-AuB0stXyIR7AY1c2XCNkfN.html |archive-date=29 November 2018 |url-status=live |last2=Lama |first2=Prawesh}}</ref><ref name="Bhardwaj">{{cite news |url=https://theprint.in/governance/john-allen-chau-lost-his-mind-was-aware-of-dangers-of-north-sentinel-island-say-friends/155804/ |title=John Allen Chau 'lost his mind', was aware of dangers of North Sentinel Island, say friends |last1=Bhardwaj |first1=Deeksha |date=28 November 2018 |work=ThePrint |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201100208/https://theprint.in/governance/john-allen-chau-lost-his-mind-was-aware-of-dangers-of-north-sentinel-island-say-friends/155804/ |archive-date=1 December 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 15 November, Chau paid local fishermen to take him to a point {{convert|500|–|700|m|ft|abbr=off}} from the island's shore,<ref name="ndtv">{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/us-tourist-john-chau-paid-fishermen-rs-25-000-for-fatal-trip-to-sentinelese-island-1951387 |title=American Paid Fishermen Rs. 25,000 For Fatal Trip To Andamans |last=Banerjie |first=Monideepa |date=22 November 2018 |publisher=NDTV |access-date=22 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121234914/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/us-tourist-john-chau-paid-fishermen-rs-25-000-for-fatal-trip-to-sentinelese-island-1951387 |archive-date=21 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> then continued to the island in a kayak. As he approached, he attempted to communicate with the islanders<ref name="Wapo21NovGod" /> and offer gifts, but retreated after facing hostile responses.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/us-tourist-killed-by-tribe-in-andaman-and-nicobars-north-sentinel-island-seven-arrested-in-connection-with-murder-5590841.html |title=US tourist killed by tribe in Andaman and Nicobar's North Sentinel Island, seven arrested in connection with murder |last=Firstpost Staff |website=firstpost.com |date=21 November 2018 |access-date=22 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122005834/https://www.firstpost.com/india/us-tourist-killed-by-tribe-in-andaman-and-nicobars-north-sentinel-island-seven-arrested-in-connection-with-murder-5590841.html |archive-date=22 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nytimes" /> On another visit, Chau recorded that the islanders reacted to him with a mixture of amusement, bewilderment, and hostility. He attempted to sing worship songs to them, and spoke to them in [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]], after which they often fell silent, while other attempts to communicate ended with them bursting into laughter.<ref name="nytimes" /> Chau said the Sentinelese communicated with "lots of high-pitched sounds" and gestures.<ref name="spokesman">{{cite news |first1=Joanna |last1=Slater |first2=Annie |last2=Gowen |url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2018/nov/23/fear-and-faith-inside-the-last-days-of-an-american/ |title=Fear and faith: Inside the last days of an American missionary died on tribe's remote Indian Ocean island |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=23 November 2018 |access-date=26 November 2018 |archive-date=25 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125210606/http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2018/nov/23/fear-and-faith-inside-the-last-days-of-an-american/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Eventually, according to Chau's last letter, when he tried to hand over fish and gifts, a boy shot a metal-headed arrow that pierced the Bible he was holding in front of his chest, after which he retreated again.<ref name="nytimes">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/23/world/asia/andaman-missionary-john-chau.html |title=A Man's Last Letter Before Being Killed on a Forbidden Island |author=Jeffrey Gettleman |author2=Hari Kumar |author3=Kai Schultz |date=23 November 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=26 November 2018 |archive-date=26 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126181038/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/23/world/asia/andaman-missionary-john-chau.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
On his final visit, on 17 November, Chau instructed the fishermen to leave without him.<ref name="scmp" /> The fishermen later saw the islanders dragging Chau's body, and the next day they saw his body on the shore.<ref name="ndtv" /><br />
<br />
Police subsequently arrested seven fishermen for assisting Chau to get close to the island.<ref name=":1" /> Local authorities opened a murder case naming "unknown individuals", but there was no suggestion that the Sentinelese would be charged<ref name="auto6">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-46337353 |title=Indian authorities struggle to retrieve US missionary feared killed on remote island |last=BBC News |date=25 November 2018 |publisher=BBC |access-date=25 November 2018 |language=en |archive-date=26 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126113306/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-46337353 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the U.S. government confirmed that it did not ask the Indian government to press charges against the tribe.<ref>{{cite news |title=US not seeking action against Sentinelese tribe for killing missionary |last=Indo Asian News Service |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/us-not-seeking-action-against-sentinelese-tribe-for-killing-missionary/story-Q8kZvmOIxGNK8bstbQvJLK.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] | date=8 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219175949/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/us-not-seeking-action-against-sentinelese-tribe-for-killing-missionary/story-Q8kZvmOIxGNK8bstbQvJLK.html |archive-date=19 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=International Religious Freedom |url=https://www.state.gov/international-religious-freedom/ |website=United States Department of State |access-date=27 June 2019 |date=7 February 2019 |archive-date=27 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627200304/https://www.state.gov/international-religious-freedom/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Indian officials made several attempts to recover Chau's body, but eventually abandoned those efforts. An anthropologist involved in the case told ''[[The Guardian]]'' that the risk of a dangerous clash between investigators and the islanders was too great to justify any further attempts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/28/india-body-john-allen-chau-missionary-killed-by-sentinelese-tribe |title=India has no plans to recover body of US missionary killed by tribe |author1=Michael Safi |author2=Denis Giles |work=[[The Guardian]] | date=28 November 2018 |access-date=28 November 2018 |archive-date=28 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128225414/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/28/india-body-john-allen-chau-missionary-killed-by-sentinelese-tribe |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== 2025 landing of a YouTuber ===<br />
On March 29, 2025, an American [[YouTuber]] from Arizona, Mykhailo Viktorovych Polyakov, made an unauthorised landing on the island.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-04-03 |title=With coconut & coke, American tried to befriend Sentinelese in Andaman and Nicobar islands |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/with-coconut-coke-american-tried-to-befriend-sentinelese/articleshow/119918623.cms |access-date=2025-04-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He was subsequently arrested by the [[Indian Police Service]] with a view to prosecution.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/apr/03/us-tourist-arrested-for-landing-on-forbidden-indian-tribal-island |title=US tourist arrested for landing on forbidden Indian tribal island|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=3 April 2025|access-date=4 April 2025}}</ref> Indigenous rights organisation [[Survival International]], which advocates for uncontacted peoples globally, condemned the illegal actions as "deeply disturbing", noting that uncontacted peoples like the Sentinelese are vulnerable to being wiped out by contact-induced diseases to which they have no immunity.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2025-04-02 |title=Attempted contact with the Sentinelese tribe: Survival International response|url=https://survivalinternational.org/news/14169 |access-date=2025-04-04 |work=Survival International |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Polyakov was reported to have left [[Diet Coke]] and a coconut as "offerings" to the people of the island.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hauser |first=Christine |last2=Kumar |first2=Hari |date=2025-04-04 |title=YouTuber Is Arrested After Leaving Diet Coke on Isolated Tribe’s Island |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/04/world/asia/north-sentinel-island-us-man-arrested.html |access-date=2025-04-07 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
*[[Adam Goodheart|Goodheart, Adam]] (2023). ''The Last Island: Discovery, Defiance, and the Most Elusive Tribe on Earth.'' Boston: Godine. {{ISBN|978-1-567926828}}<br />
* [[Benjamin Hoffmann|Hoffmann, Benjamin]] (2024). ''Sentinel Island: a Novel'', translated by Alan J. Singerman, Liverpool UP. {{ISBN|978-1-837-642618}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Pandit |first=T. N. |year=1990 |title=The Sentinelese |location=Kolkata |publisher=Seagull Books |isbn=978-81-7046-081-7 |oclc=24438323}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Pandya |first=Vishvajit |date=2009 |title=In the Forest: Visual and Material Worlds of Andamanese History (1858–2006) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UzX63tCpXQC |location=Lanham, MD |publisher=University Press of America |isbn=978-0-7618-4272-9}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Vaidya |first=Suresh |date=1960 |title=Islands of the Marigold Sun |location=London |publisher=Robert Hale}}<br />
* {{cite web |last=Weber |first=George |title=The Andamanese |work=The Lonely Islands |year=2005 |url=http://andaman.org/BOOK/text-group-BodyChapters.htm |publisher=The Andaman Association |archive-date=3 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603130610/http://andaman.org/BOOK/text-group-BodyChapters.htm}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7BNwmVvk6g Video "SENTINELESE : World's Most Isolated Tribe"], includes clips of friendly contact by the Anthropological Survey of India as well as another clip of National Geographic crew's attempt at contact being rebuffed by the Sentinelese<br />
* [https://www.downtoearth.org.in/interviews/environment/-leave-the-sentinelese-alone--61317 "Leave the Sentinelese alone"], an interview with the T N Pandit of Anthropological Survey of India<br />
* [http://www.probashionline.com/madhumala-chattopadhyay-first-friendly-contact-with-the-sentinelese-jarawa-andamans/ Madhumala Chattopadhyay: An Anthropologist's Moment of Truth], discusses first friendly contact with Sentinelese<br />
* [http://www.thewe.cc/contents/more/archive2005/january/jarwas_onges_shompens_sentinelese_great_andamanese.htm Administration in India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands has finally decided upon a policy of minimal interference] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120914105121/http://www.thewe.cc/contents/more/archive2005/january/jarwas_onges_shompens_sentinelese_great_andamanese.htm |date=14 September 2012 }}<br />
* {{cite web |title=The most isolated tribe in the world? |work=Uncontacted tribes |publisher=Survival International |url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/campaigns/uncontactedtribes/mostisolated}}<br />
* {{cite news |title=Survival comes first for the last Stone Age tribe world |last=McDougall |first=Dan |newspaper=The Guardian |date=11 February 2006 |access-date=1 August 2015 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/feb/12/theobserver.worldnews12}}<br />
*<br />
<br />
{{Negritos}}<br />
<br />
{{Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sentinelese People}}<br />
[[Category:Sentinelese| ]]<br />
[[Category:Ethnic groups in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]<br />
[[Category:Hunter-gatherers of Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of South Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]<br />
[[Category:Uncontacted peoples]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=J._P._Nadda&diff=469761J. P. Nadda2026-03-24T14:14:59Z<p>Ranehospital: quick update</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian lawyer and politician (born 1960)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| image = Jagat Prakash Nadda 2023.jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| alt = Jagat Prakash Nadda<br />
| caption = Nadda in 2024<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1960|12|02}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], India<br />
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]<br />
| order = 28th<br />
| office = Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha<br />
| term_start = 24 June 2024<br />
| term_end = <br />
| 1blankname = [[Vice President of India|Chairman]]<br />
| 1namedata = [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] (2022{{endash}}2025)<br/>[[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]<br />
| deputy = [[Nirmala Sitharaman]]<br />
| predecessor = [[Piyush Goyal]]<br />
| successor = <br />
| office1 = 25th [[Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers|Union Minister of Chemicals & Fertilisers]]<br />
| president1 = [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
| primeminister1 = [[Narendra Modi]]<br />
| term_start1 = {{start date|2024|06|09|df=yes}}<br />
| term_end1 = <br />
| predecessor1 = [[Mansukh L. Mandaviya]]<br />
| successor1 = <br />
| office2 = 34th [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)|Union Minister of Health & Family Welfare]]<br />
| term_start2 = {{start date|2024|06|09|df=yes}}<br />
| term_end2 = <br />
| president2 = [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />
| primeminister2 = Narendra Modi<br />
| predecessor2 = Mansukh L. Mandaviya<br />
| primeminister3 = Narendra Modi<br />
| president3 = [[Ramnath Kovind]]<br/>[[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br />
| term_start3 = {{start date|2014|11|09|df=yes}}<br />
| term_end3 = {{end date|2019|05|30|df=yes}}<br />
| predecessor3 = [[Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)|Harsh Vardhan]]<br />
| successor3 = Harsh Vardhan<br />
| office4 = 10th [[List of national presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party|National President of the Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| leader4 = <br />
| vicepresident4 = <br />
| predecessor4 = [[Amit Shah]]<br />
| successor4 = [[Nitin Nabin]]<br />
| term_start4 = 20 January 2020<br />
| term_end4 = 20 January 2026<br />
| term5 = 17 June 2019 {{endash}} 20 January 2020<br />
| term_label5 = Working<br />
| predecessor5 = ''Office established''<br />
| successor5 = Nitin Nabin (2025)<br />
| office6 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]<br />
| term_start6 = {{start date|2024|04|02|df=yes}}<br />
| term_end6 = <br />
| constituency6 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Gujarat|Gujarat]]<br />
| predecessor6 = [[Parshottam Rupala]]<br />
| successor6 = <br />
| term_start7 = {{start date|2012|04|03|df=yes}}<br />
| term_end7 = {{start date|2024|04|02|df=yes}}<br />
| constituency7 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
| predecessor7 = [[Viplove Thakur]]<br />
| successor7 = [[Harsh Mahajan]]<br />
| office8 = [[Government of Himachal Pradesh|Cabinet Minister]] in [[Government of Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
| governor8 = * VS Kokje<br />
* Prabha Rao<br />
* [[Urmila Singh]]<br />
| 1blankname8 = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata8 = [[Prem Kumar Dhumal]]<br />
| 2blankname8 = Ministries<br />
| 2namedata8 = {{ubl|• Forest|• Environment|• Science and Technology}}<br />
| term_start8 = {{start date|2007}}<br />
| term_end8 = {{end date|2012}}<br />
| governor9 = * VS Rama Devi<br />
* Vishnukant Shastri<br />
* [[Suraj Bhan]]<br />
| 1blankname9 = Chief Minister<br />
| 1namedata9 = Prem Kumar Dhumal<br />
| 2blankname9 = Ministries<br />
| 2namedata9 = {{ubl|• Health and Family Welfare|• Parliamentary Affairs}}<br />
| term_start9 = {{start date|1998}}<br />
| term_end9 = {{end date|2003}}<br />
| office10 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| constituency10 = [[Bilaspur (Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency)|Bilaspur]]<br />
| term_start10 = {{start date|2007}}<br />
| term_end10 = {{end date|2012}}<br />
| predecessor10 = Tilak Raj Sharma<br />
| successor10 = Bumber Thakur<br />
| constituency11 = [[Bilaspur (Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency)|Bilaspur]]<br />
| term_start11 = {{start date|1993}}<br />
| term_end11 = {{end date|2003}}<br />
| predecessor11 = Sada Ram Thakur<br />
| successor11 = Tilak Raj Sharma<br />
| birth_name = Jagat Prakash Nadda<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| otherparty = <br />
| alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list|• [[Patna College]]<br />([[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]])|• [[Faculty of Law, Himachal Pradesh University]]<br />([[L.L.B]])}}<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Mallika Banerjee|1991}}<br />
| children = 2<br />
| relatives = [[Jayashree Banerjee]] (mother-in-law)<br />
| website = {{URL|JagatPrakashNadda.in}}<br />
| residence = {{ubl|7-B, Motilal Nehru Marg, [[New Delhi]]}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Jagat Prakash Nadda''' (born 2 December 1960) is an Indian lawyer and politician who is serving as the 34th [[Minister of Health]], 25th [[Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers|Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers]] since 2024 and served as the 10th [[List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party|national president]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) from 2020 to 2026. He is also the member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] representing [[Gujarat]] since 2024. A key decision maker of the BJP, he is a close aide to [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dutta |first1=Prabhash K. |title=JP Nadda gets full command of BJP in a journey that began with ABVP |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jp-nadda-gets-full-command-of-bjp-in-a-journey-that-began-with-abvp-1638497-2020-01-20 |access-date=20 January 2020 |work=India Today |date=20 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref> He was the BJP's national working president from 2019 to 2020.<ref>{{cite news|title=JP Nadda elected as BJP national working president, Amit Shah to remain party chief|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/jp-nadda-bjp-national-working-president-5785258/|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=17 June 2019|access-date=25 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=जेपी आंदोलन से सुर्खियों में आए थे जेपी नड्डा, बने विश्व की सबसे बड़ी पार्टी के राष्ट्रीय अध्यक्ष |url=https://www.amarujala.com/india-news/jp-nadda-new-president-of-the-bharatiya-janta-party-biography-all-about-jagat-prakash-nadda |access-date=20 January 2020 |work=Amar Ujala |date=20 January 2020}}</ref> Nadda was also the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Minister of Health and Family Welfare]] in the first Modi ministry from 2014 to 2019 and Parliamentary Board Secretary of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=2204|title=Detailed Profile – Shri Jagat Prakash Nadda – Members of Parliament (Rajya Sabha) – Who's Who – Government: National Portal of India|work=india.gov.in|access-date=25 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=BJP President JP Nadda gets two ministries, Health and Fertilizers, in PM Modi's new cabinet |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/bjp-president-jp-nadda-gets-two-ministries-health-and-fertilizers-in-pm-modis-new-cabinet/articleshow/110879524.cms |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |date=10 June 2024 |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
Previously, he was an MLA from [[Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency|Bilaspur]] from 2007 to 2012 and from 1993 to 2003 and Minister of Forest, Environment, Science, and Technology from 2007 to 2012 and the Minister of Health and Family Welfare and Parliamentary Affairs from 1998 to 2003 in the [[Himachal Pradesh Government]].<ref name="bp">{{cite news|title=The Biography of Jagat Prakash (J P) Nadda|date=24 May 2014|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/the-biography-of-jagat-prakash-j-p-nadda/|publisher=Bihar Prabha|access-date=24 May 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early and personal life ==<br />
J. P. Nadda was born in [[Patna]], [[Bihar]] on 2 December 1960, to Narain Lall Nadda and Krishna Nadda, with roots in [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jagatprakashnadda.in/about-jp-nadda/ |title = Jagat Prakash Nadda, President of the Bharatiya Janta Party |website=jagatprakashnadda.in |access-date=9 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Taneja |first1=Nidhi |title=JP Nadda: Born in Bihar but Himachali by origin, BJP's new president has a challenge in hand |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national-jp-nadda-profile-bjp-president-bihar-himachali-origin-challenges-581354 |access-date=20 January 2020 |work=India TV News |date=20 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="Profile"/> His family hails from the [[Brahmin]] community.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://jagatprakashnadda.in/about-jp-nadda/biography/ |access-date=2 July 2024 |website=Jagat Prakash Nadda Official Website |language=en-US |quote=He was born on 2nd December, 1960 in a Brahmin family to Dr. Narain Lall Nadda and Shrimati Krishna Nadda.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2020 |title=Silent strategist JP Nadda rises to the helm in BJP, succeeds Amit Shah |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/jagat-prakash-nadda-silent-strategist-rises-to-the-helm-in-bjp/story-DSOtaLCzxeGLpfIvEzmmgN.html |access-date=2 July 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |quote=Belonging to a Brahmin family from Himachal Pradesh, ....}}</ref> He has a brother named Jagat Bhushan Nadda.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jagat Prakash Nadda all set to head BJP |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/jagat-prakash-nadda-all-set-to-head-bjp |access-date=20 February 2020 |work=Free Press Journal |date=31 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Nadda was educated at [[St. Xavier's School, Patna]]. He then did his [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A]]. degree at [[Patna College]] and [[LL.B.]] from the [[Faculty of Law, Himachal Pradesh University|Faculty of Law, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla]]. As a child, he represented [[Bihar]] in the All India Junior Swimming Championship held at Delhi. <br />
<br />
Nadda married Mallika Nadda ([[née]] Banerjee) on 11 December 1991, with whom he has two sons.<ref name="Profile">{{cite web|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=2204|title=Detailed Profile: Shri Jagat Prakash Nadda|website=India.gov.in|access-date=25 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528231332/http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=2204|archive-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> His mother-in-law, [[Jayashree Banerjee]], was elected to Lok Sabha in 1999.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arnimesh |first1=Shanker |title=Himachal setbacks to Delhi rise — how Modi-Shah favourite JP Nadda became BJP chief |url=https://theprint.in/politics/himachal-setbacks-to-delhi-rise-how-modi-shah-favourite-jp-nadda-became-bjp-chief/351969/ |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=ThePrint |date=20 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Jagat Prakash Nadda Biography | publisher = BJPHaryana.org | url = https://www.bjpharyana.org/bjppartypresident.php | access-date = 5 July 2021 | archive-date = 30 November 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231130014158/https://bjpharyana.org/bjppartypresident.php | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:The Union Minister for Health & Family Welfare, Shri J.P. Nadda addressing the UNGA High Level Meeting on HIVAIDS, in New York on June 08, 2016 (1).jpg|thumb|left|Nadda as the Union Minister for Health & Family Welfare, addressing the [[UNGA]] High Level Meeting on HIV-AIDS, in [[New York City|New York]] on 8 June 2016 ]]<br />
<br />
== Early political career ==<br />
Nadda was first elected to the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in the [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|election of 1993]] from [[Bilaspur (Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency)|Bilaspur]]. He was [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|re-elected]] in 1998.<br />
<br />
During his first term, he served as the Leader of his party group in the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 1994 to 1998. He was the Minister of Health and Family Welfare and Parliamentary Affairs in [[First Dhumal ministry]].<ref name=ein>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/political-leaders/jagat-prakash-nadda.html|title=Jagat Prakash Nadda Biography – About family, political life, awards won, history|website=www.elections.in|access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref> Nadda lost his seat in the [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]. <br />
<br />
Nadda was elected for another term in the [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007 elections]]. After [[Prem Kumar Dhumal]] formed a government, he inducted Nadda into his cabinet, as a cabinet minister responsible for Forest, Environment, Science and Technology, from 2008 to 2010.<ref name=ein /><br />
<br />
Nadda did not seek re-election to the Legislative Assembly in 2012, and instead got elected to [[Rajya Sabha]], [[Indian Parliament]]'s [[upper chamber]] from Himachal Pradesh.<ref name=ein /><br />
<br />
===First Modi ministry===<br />
[[Sanjiv Chaturvedi]] was posted in [[AIIMS, Delhi]] as Chief Vigilance Officer (CVO) from 2012 to 2014. During his tenure, he was investigating some high-level corruption in the prime institute.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/aiims-whistle-blower-sanjiv-chaturvedi-wins-ramon-magsaysay-award-115072900348_1.html|title=Sanjiv Chaturvedi: The man who uncovered AIIMS corruption |work=Business Standard |date=29 July 2015 |access-date=27 August 2024}}</ref> As a result of Chaturvedi's investigations, the CBI registered cases and recommended action against Vineet Chawdhry, a close aide to Nadda.<ref name=bst>{{cite news |last=Sethi |first=Nitin |date=26 February 2015 |title=High court notice to Nadda over corruption in AIIMS|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/high-court-notice-to-nadda-over-corruption-in-aiims-115022501363_1.html|work=Business Standard |access-date=27 August 2024}}</ref> In 2014, Nadda wrote multiple letters to the then Union Health Minister, Dr Harsh Vardhan, to put the investigations on hold and to remove Chaturvedi from the post of CVO.<ref name=bst/><ref>{{cite news |last=Dutt |first=Saikat |date=25 September 2014 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/nadda-wanted-corruption-inquiries-to-be-put-on-hold/story-wbHCuvlmWn8zo2Izor1e2M.html |title=Nadda wanted corruption inquiries to be put on hold |newspaper=Hindustan Times |access-date=27 August 2024}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In November 2014, [[First Modi ministry|during a cabinet reshuffle]], Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] made Nadda the [[Minister of Health and Family Welfare (India)|Minister of Health]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vincent |first1=Pheroze L. |title=21 new Ministers inducted into Modi Cabinet |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Prime-Minister-Narendra-Modis-Union-Cabinet-expansion/article60318658.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=9 November 2014 |access-date=25 May 2022}}</ref> The reshuffle move was described by a section of media as surprising and something which raised questions on Modi's stance on corruption.<ref>{{cite news |title=Harsh Vardhan shocker: Modi's decision to replace him with JP Nadda sparks speculation |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/harsh-vardhan-shocker-modis-decision-to-replace-him-with-jp-nadda-sparks-speculation-1795277.html |work=FirstPost |date=10 November 2014 |access-date=27 August 2024}}</ref> On 25 February 2015, the [[Delhi High Court]] issued a notice to Nadda questioning his role in corruption cases at AIIMS.<ref name=bst/> He was frontrunner for BJP Himachal's Chief Minister but his rival [[Jai Ram Thakur]] won the post.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yogendra |first1=Kanwar |date=23 December 2017 |title=J.P. Nadda frontrunner for Himachal CM |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/jp-nadda-frontrunner-for-himachal-cm/article22268190.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=11 October 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
According to a June 2017 ''[[India Today]]'' investigative report, Nadda was found to have suppressed an investigation of what the report called a ₹7,000 crore scam. The ''India Today'' reports included reports from the CBI and a parliamentary committee.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Patel |first=Anand |date=20 June 2017 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jp-nadda-clean-chit-in-aiims-rs-7000-crore-scam-983691-2017-06-20|title=Ailing AIIMS: Health Ministry's clean chit puts probe into Rs 7000 crore scam in jeopardy |magazine=India Today |access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
== President of the Bharatiya Janata Party (2019–2026) ==<br />
[[File:J P Nadda assuming charge as the Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare.jpg|thumb|Nadda assuming charge as the Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare]]<br />
Nadda was appointed the national working president of the BJP in June 2019. On 20 January 2020, he was elected unanimously as the BJP National President, a role he took from [[Amit Shah]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/who-is-jp-nadda-the-new-bjp-national-president/article30607088.ece | title=Who is JP Nadda, the new BJP national president?| newspaper=The Hindu| date=20 January 2020| last1=Hebbar| first1=Nistula|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2021 in [[Bardhaman]], [[West Bengal]], Nadda started a new scheme ''Ek Muthi Chaawal Yojana''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=BJP launches big farmer push in Bengal with Nadda's 'Ek Mutthi Chawal Sangrah' |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/bjps-launches-big%C2%A0farmer-push-in-bengal-with-naddas-ek-mutthi-chawal-sangrah-196039 |access-date=29 March 2022 |work=Tribune |date=9 January 2021 |archive-date=29 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329054229/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/bjps-launches-big%C2%A0farmer-push-in-bengal-with-naddas-ek-mutthi-chawal-sangrah-196039 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In September 2022 he got extension to be the party chief till 2024 Lok Sabha polls.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Mishra |first=Himanshu |date=26 September 2022 |title=No election for BJP national president, JP Nadda to continue as party chief till 2024 Lok Sabha polls |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jp-nadda-to-continue-as-bjp-national-president-until-2024-lok-sabha-elections-2005016-2022-09-26 |magazine=India Today |access-date=14 October 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 4 March 2024, he resigned as member of Rajya Sabha from Himachal Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite news |title=BJP chief JP Nadda resigns as Rajya Sabha member from Himachal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bjp-president-jp-nadda-resigns-as-rajya-sabha-mp/articleshow/108212504.cms |work=The Times of India |date=4 March 2024 |access-date=4 March 2024 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He was elected unopposed to the Rajya Sabha from [[Gujarat]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Sharat |last2=Doshi |first2=Brijesh |date=20 February 2024 |title=Sonia Gandhi, BJP's JP Nadda elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sonia-gandhi-congress-bjp-jp-nadda-elected-unopposed-rajya-sabha-2504698-2024-02-2 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=12 April 2024}}</ref> and took oath on 6 April 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=J.P. Nadda, others take oath as Rajya Sabha members |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jp-nadda-others-take-oath-as-rajya-sabha-members/article68037168.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |agency=PTI |date=6 April 2024 |access-date=12 April 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Third Modi ministry===<br />
On 9 June 2024, Nadda took the dual-charge of [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]] as well as [[Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers]].<ref>{{cite news |title=J P Nadda takes charge of Union Health Ministry, tells officials to focus on govt's 100-day agenda |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/j-p-nadda-union-health-ministry-focus-agenda-9385562/ |work=The Indian Express |agency=PTI |date=11 June 2024 |access-date=22 December 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{URL|https://jagatprakashnadda.in/|Official website}}<br />
<br />
{{s-start}}<br />
{{s-gov}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)|Harsh Vardhan]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Minister of Health and Family Welfare]]|years=9 November 2014 – 30 May 2019}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=[[Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)|Harsh Vardhan]]}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Mansukh Mandaviya]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Minister of Health and Family Welfare]] and [[Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers|Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers]]|years=10 June 2024 – present}}<br />
{{s-inc}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=}}<br />
{{s-ppo}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Amit Shah]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|President of Bharatiya Janata Party]]|years=20 January 2020 – 20 January 2026}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=[[Nitin Nabin]]}}<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
{{Third Modi ministry}}<br />
{{Cabinet of Narendra Modi}}<br />
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
{{G20-Health}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nadda, Jagat Prakash}}<br />
[[Category:1960 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Patna University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:St. Xavier's Patna alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Health ministers of India]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Narendra Modi ministry]]<br />
[[Category:People from Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Presidents of Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 1993–1998]]<br />
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 1998–2003]]<br />
[[Category:Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2007–2012]]<br />
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Leaders of the Rajya Sabha]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_museums_in_Andhra_Pradesh&diff=513107List of museums in Andhra Pradesh2026-03-21T08:16:50Z<p>Ranehospital: Done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|none}}<br />
{{lead too short|date=August 2023}}<br />
<br />
{{refimprove|date=June 2023}}<br />
<br />
Select list of notable museums in [[Andhra Pradesh]] dedicated to archaeological, art and craft, ethnographic, defence and science or multiple purposes is given below.<ref name="apmuseums">{{Cite book |title=Directory of museums in India |publisher=Ministry of Culture, Government of India |year=2023 |pages=1–29 |url=https://indianculture.gov.in/flipbook/217293}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://aparchmuseums.nic.in/?page_id=1174 |title=List of museums |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=AP archaeology and museums Dept, Government of Andhra Pradesh}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Srn}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers"<br />
|+<br />
!Type<br />
!Name<br />
!City/Town<br />
!Year Established<br />
!Ownership<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| Archaeological<br />
|[[Archaeological Museum, Amaravati|Archaeological site museum]]<br />
|[[Amaravathi (village), Andhra Pradesh|Amaravati]]<br />
| 1951<br />
| Central<br />
|-<br />
| Archaeological<br />
| Archaeological site museum <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://asi.nic.in/museum-chandagiri/ |title=Archaeological Museum, Chandragiri (District Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh) |access-date=2023-06-16 |publisher=Archaeological Society of India}}</ref><br />
| [[Chandragiri]], [[Chittoor district]]<br />
| 1988<br />
| Central<br />
|-<br />
| Archaeological<br />
| [[Nagarjunakonda|Archaeological site museum]]<br />
| [[Nagarjunakonda]], [[Palnadu district]]<br />
| 1966<br />
| Central<br />
|-<br />
| Archaeological<br />
|[[Victoria Jubilee Museum]], Bapu Museum<br />
|[[Vijayawada]]<br />
| 1887<br />
| State<br />
|-<br />
| Archaeological<br />
| Kalluri Subba Rao district archaeological museum<br />
| [[Anantapur]]<br />
| 1992<br />
| State<br />
|-<br />
| Archaeological<br />
| [[Chandavaram Buddhist site|Archaeological site museum]]<br />
| [[Chandavaram]], [[Prakasam district]]<br />
| 1980<br />
| State<br />
|-<br />
| Archaeological<br />
|[[Bhagwan Mahavir Government Museum]]<br />
|[[Kadapa]]<br />
|1982<br />
| State<br />
|-<br />
| Archaeological<br />
| Baudhasree State Archaeological museum<br />
| [[Guntur]]<br />
| 1992<br />
| State<br />
|-<br />
| Archaeological<br />
| ASP Govervement Museum and Research Institute<br />
| [[Kakinada]]<br />
| 1973<br />
| State<br />
|-<br />
| Archaeological<br />
| District Archaeological Museum<br />
| [[Kurnool]]<br />
| 1999<br />
| State<br />
|-<br />
| Archaeological<br />
| Archaeological site museum<br />
| [[Mylavaram Dam|Mylavaram dam]], [[Jammalamadugu]], [[Kadapa district]]<br />
| 1981<br />
| State<br />
|-<br />
| Archaeological<br />
| Sri Rallabandi Subbarao Government Museum<br />
| [[Rajahmundry]], Godavari bund road<br />
| 1967<br />
| State<br />
|-<br />
| Archaeological<br />
| Archaeological site museum<br />
| [[Kanuparthi]], [[Prakasam district]]<br />
| 1983<br />
| State<br />
|-<br />
| Archaeological<br />
| Archaeological site museum<br />
| [[Nellore]]<br />
| 2006<br />
| State<br />
|-<br />
| Archaeological<br />
| [[Amaravathi Cultural Heritage Museum|Kalachakra museum]]<br />
| [[Amaravathi, Palnadu district]]<br />
| 2006<br />
| State<br />
|-<br />
| Art and craft<br />
| [[Sri Venkateswara Museum on Temple Art]]<br />
| [[Tirupati]]<br />
| 1983<br />
| State<br />
|-<br />
|Ethnographic<br />
|[[Telugu Saamskruthika Niketanam]]<br />
|[[Visakhapatnam]]<br />
|2015<br />
|State<br />
|-<br />
| Art and craft<br />
| [[Damerla Rama Rao|Damerla Ramarao Art Gallery]]<br />
| [[Rajahmundry]]<br />
| NA<br />
| State<br />
|-<br />
|Defence<br />
|[[Victory at Sea Memorial|Victory at Sea War memorial]] <br />
|[[Visakhapatnam]]<br />
|1971<br />
|Central<br />
|-<br />
|Defence<br />
|[[INS Kursura (S20)#Museum ship (2002 – present)|Kursura Submarine Museum]]<br />
|[[Visakhapatnam]]<br />
|2002<br />
|Central<br />
|-<br />
|Defence<br />
|[[TU 142 Aircraft Museum]]<br />
|[[Visakhapatnam]]<br />
|2017<br />
|Central<br />
|-<br />
|Ethnographic<br />
|[[Tribal Museum, Araku Valley|Tribal Museum]]<br />
|[[Araku Valley]]<br />
|1996<br />
|State<br />
|-<br />
|Ethnographic<br />
|[[Chenchu Lakshmi Tribal Museum]]<br />
|[[Srisailam]]<br />
|NA<br />
|State<br />
|-<br />
| Multipurpose<br />
|[[Visakha Museum]]<br />
|[[Visakhapatnam]]<br />
|1991<br />
|State<br />
|-<br />
|Science<br />
|[[Regional Science Center, Tirupati|Regional Science Center]]<br />
|[[Tirupati]]<br />
|1993<br />
|Central<br />
|-<br />
| Science<br />
| [[APCOST Regional Science Center]]<br />
|[[Vijayawada]]<br />
|NA<br />
|State<br />
|-<br />
| Science<br />
| [[Anantapur District Science Museum]]<br />
| [[Anantapur]]<br />
|NA<br />
|State<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Culture of Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of museums in India|Andhra Pradesh]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Komagata_Maru_incident&diff=476122Komagata Maru incident2026-03-20T18:53:13Z<p>Ranehospital: updated details</p>
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<div>{{Short description|1914 exclusion of migrants in Vancouver}}<br />
{{Distinguish|Kobayashi Maru}}<br />
{{Mfn|date=January 2026}}<br />
{{Use Canadian English|date=November 2021}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox event<br />
| title = ''Komagata Maru'' incident<br />
| image = Komogata Maru LAC a034014 1914.jpg<br />
| image_upright =<br />
| image_alt =<br />
| caption = [[Sikhs]], [[Punjabi Muslims|Muslims]], and [[Punjabi Hindus|Hindus]] aboard ''Komagata Maru''<br />
| native_name =<br />
| native_name_lang =<br />
| english_name =<br />
| time =<br />
| timezone =<br />
| duration = <!-- {{duration|h=x|m=x|s=x}} or {{time interval|date1|date2|options}} --><br />
| date = May 23, 1914<br />
| venue =<br />
| location = [[Vancouver, British Columbia|Vancouver]], British Columbia<br />
| coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LON|region:XXXX_type:event|display=inline,title}} --><br />
| outcome = Ship forced out of Canada<br />
| reported deaths = Twenty-six in government records{{efn|Para 30 of Report of the ''Komagata Maru'' Committee of Inquiry states that 20 Sikhs, 2 Europeans, 2 Punjab Police Officers and 2 locals died in the riots<ref>{{cite book |title=Report of the ''Komagata Maru'' Committee of Inquiry and Some Further Documents |date=2007 |publisher=Unistar Books and Punjab Centre for Migration Studies |isbn=9788189899349 |page=74 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xzeAISr-PPgC&pg=PA74 |access-date=12 April 2022}}</ref> 75 by witnesses present{{Citation needed|date=December 2021|reason=not in article}}}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''''Komagata Maru'' incident''' was an immigration dispute in which passengers aboard the Japanese [[steamship]] ''[[Komagata Maru]]'' were denied entry in [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Canada, on 23 May 1914. The 376 passengers (340 [[Sikhs]], 24 [[Punjabi Muslims|Muslims]] and 12 [[Punjabi Hindus|Hindus]] from [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab province]], [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]]) were denied entry despite being British subjects under Canada's [[continuous journey regulation]], which barred South Asian migration. Only 24 passengers were allowed to disembark, and the ship was forced to return to India under naval escort on 23 July 1914. Upon reaching [[Budge Budge]], near Calcutta (present-day [[Kolkata]]) on 27 September 1914, the [[Indian Imperial Police]] attempted to arrest the group leaders, leading to violence in which police open fired and killed 20 passengers while others were arrested or imprisoned. The incident highlighted Canada's racially discriminatory immigration policies in the early twentieth century, later resulting in public apologies issued by government officials, and has been the focus of scholarship, public memorialisation, artistic and literary portrayals.<br />
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==Immigration controls in Canada==<br />
{{Main|Continuous journey regulation}}<br />
{{History of Vancouver}}<br />
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The Canadian government attempted to restrict immigration through an [[order in council]] issued on 8 January 1908, that prohibited immigration of persons who "in the opinion of the Minister of the Interior" did not "come from the country of their birth or citizenship by a continuous journey and or through tickets purchased before leaving their country of their birth or nationality". This [[continuous journey regulation]] excluded Indian immigrants as the government pressured companies to avoid selling direct ticketing from India to Canada.<ref name=":3">Johnston, Hugh J. M. The Voyage of the Komagata Maru: the Sikh Challenge to Canada's Colour Bar. Delhi: [[Oxford_University_Press]]. 1979.</ref>{{Reference page|page=|pages=16-17, 218}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 January 1908 |title=Immigrants debarred from landing in Canada who do not come from country of citizenship in through tickets by continuous journey - Min. Int. [Minister of the Interior], 1908/01/03 |url=https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/politics-government/orders-council/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=142346 |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=Library and Archives Canada |last1=Canada |first1=Library Archives }}</ref> These restrictions were implemented amidst significant immigration to Canada from the United States, Europe, and Asia.<ref name=":3" />{{Reference page|page=|pages=9-10}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=150 years of immigration in Canada |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-630-x/11-630-x2016006-eng.htm |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=Statistics Canada |date=June 29, 2016 |quote="Record numbers of immigrants were admitted in the early 1900s when Canada was promoting the settlement of Western Canada. The highest number ever recorded was in 1913, when more than 400,000 immigrants arrived in the country."}}</ref> Prior to the ''Komagata Maru'' incident, strained race relations led to the [[1907 Vancouver anti-Asian riots|anti-Asian riots of 1907]].<ref name=":3" />{{Reference page|page=15}}<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |title=A Social History of South Asians in British Columbia |publisher=University of the Fraser Valley |year=2022 |editor-last=Bains |editor-first=Satwinder Kaur |location=Abbotsford, British Columbia |editor-last2=Gurm |editor-first2=Balbir}}</ref>{{Reference page|page=5}}<br />
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==Voyage==<br />
[[File:Baba Gurdit Singh.jpg|thumb|185x185px|right|Portrait of [[Baba Gurdit Singh]], ''Komagata Maru'' Memorial, [[Budge Budge]]]]<br />
===Departure from Hong Kong===<br />
[[Baba Gurdit Singh|Gurdit Singh]], a businessman based in [[British Singapore|Singapore]] and [[Malaysia]], was aware that Canadian exclusion laws were preventing Punjabis from immigrating to Canada. He chartered the ship ''Komagata Maru'' in March 1914, to sail from [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] to Vancouver, to reopen immigration from India to Canada.<ref name=":3" />{{Reference page|page=|pages=53,56,59}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 1914|title=Government form of time charter-party, Hong Kong [Agreement between A. Bune, Agent for the Owners of the Komagata Maru, and Gurdit Singh, charterer].|url=http://komagatamarujourney.ca/node/11143|access-date=12 March 2022}}</ref> Hong Kong became the point of departure. After signing the charter for the ship, Gurdit Singh was arrested on 25 March 1914, but the police determined they did not have a case against him.<ref name=":3" />{{Reference page|pages=58-9}}{{efn| According to Baba Gurdit Singh, documents pertaining to the ship were published beforehand in the Post Office Gazette. On examining his papers, the police didn't find anything objectionable.<ref name="Voyage of Komagata Maru">{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Gurdit |author1-link=Baba Gurdit Singh |title=Voyage of Komagata Maru or India's Slavery Abroad |date=2007 |publisher=Unistar and Punjab Centre for Migration Studies |isbn=9788189899332 |page=74 |url=http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPageContent.jsp?ID=4598&page=88&CategoryID=1&Searched=W3GX |access-date=12 April 2022 |chapter=Canada's Hideous Crime Under Cover of Law}}</ref>}} Following delays caused by [[Francis Henry May]], the Governor of Hong Kong, the ship departed on 4 April with 165 passengers.<ref name=":3" />{{Reference page|pages=59-60}}<ref name="Voyage of Komagata Maru" /> The ship arrived in Shanghai on 8 April and subsequently stopped at the Japanese ports of Moji on 19 April to take on coal and 86 passengers and Yokohoma for another 14 passengers, including [[Ghadar Movement|Ghadarite]] leaders [[Maulavi Barkatullah|Maulvi Barkatullah]] and [[Bhagwan Singh Gyanee]].<ref name=":3" />{{Reference page|pages=61-2; 66}} While the ship sailed from Moji to Yokohama, Gurdit Singh traveled ahead by train to Kobe to negotiate charter payments, eventually rejoining the ship in Yokohama.<ref name=":3" />{{Reference page|pages=|page=65}} The ship left Yokohama on 3 May with 376 passengers (340 [[Sikh]]s, 24 Muslims, and 12 Hindus).<ref name=":4" />{{Reference page|page=20}}<ref name=":4" />{{Reference page|page=10}}<br />
===Arrival in Vancouver===<br />
[[File:Komagata Maru and Rainbow.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Komagata Maru'' (furthest ship on the left) being escorted by {{HMCS|Rainbow|1891|6}} and a swarm of small boats]]<br />
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When ''Komagata Maru'' arrived at [[Burrard Inlet]] on 23 May 1914, immigration officials prohibited the ship from docking.<ref name=":4" />{{Reference page|page=10}}<ref name=":3" />{{Reference page|page=72}} Authorities, including Prime Minister [[Robert Borden]], conservative MP [[H. H. Stevens]], immigration official Malcolm R.J. Reid, kept the ship offshore, cutting off communication and stalling the examination process, hoping to force the charter to default due to lack of funds.<ref name=":3" />{{Reference page|page=|pages=26, 38, 73, 82}}<ref name=":4" />{{Reference page|page=20}}<br />
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The local South Asian community formed a "Shore Committee," led by Husain Rahim, Bhag Singh Bhikiwind, Mitt Singh Pandori, Balwant Singh Khurdpur, Muhammad Akbar (Punjabi-Canadian).<ref name=":4" />{{Reference page|page=20}}<ref name="ImmigrationBan">{{Cite news |date=2017-06-27 |title=These Muslims challenged Canada's immigration ban in 1914 - iHistory |url=http://www.ihistory.co/komagata-maru-incident/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903140652/http://www.ihistory.co/komagata-maru-incident/ |archive-date=2018-09-03 |access-date=2026-02-22 |work=iHistory |language=en-US}}</ref> The committee successfully raised $20,000 to take over the ship's charter.<ref name=":4" />{{Reference page|page=11}} On 29-30 June, lawyer [[J. Edward Bird]] pushed for a test case on behalf of passenger Munshi Singh, but the [[British Columbia Court of Appeal]] unanimously ruled against the passengers, upholding the discriminatory immigration laws and denying them entry on 6 July.<ref name=":4" />{{Reference page|page=22}}<ref>Re Munshi Singh (1914), [https://open.library.ubc.ca/viewer/bcreports/1.0357317#p267z-4r0f: 20 B.C.R. 243] (B.C.C.A.)</ref>[[File:Sikhs_aboard_Komagata_Maru.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The passengers dressed to go ashore, 23 May 1914. Front row, from left to right: Baba Gurdit Singh, his son Balwant, Baba Daljit Singh Kauni, Baba Puran Singh Janetpur, and Baba Gurmukh Singh Lalton.]]<br />
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===Departure from Vancouver===<br />
[[File:Inspector Reid, H.H. Stevens and Capt. Walter J. Hose on board the "Komagata Maru".jpg|thumb|left|Inspector Reid, [[H. H. Stevens]] and [[Walter Hose]] on board ''Komagata Maru''.]]<br />
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Following the decision, tensions escalated as immigration officials withheld food and water to force the ship's departure. On 19 July, an armed police force of 150 men aboard the harbour tug ''Sea Lion'' attempted to take control of the ''Komagata Maru.'' The passengers repelled the boarding party by showering them with coal, fire bricks, and scrap metal. <ref name=":4" />{{Reference page|page=22}}<ref name=":3" />{{Reference page|page=122|pages=}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Emily C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.111348/page/n193/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Har Dayal: Hindu Revolutionary and Humanist |publisher=University of Arizona Press |year=1975 |isbn=9780816504220 |location=Tucson |pages=195 |access-date=12 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.ourcommons.ca/Content/House/392/Debates/070/HAN070-E.PDF |title=House of Commons Debates: Official Report (Hansard)- Wednesday, April 2, 2008 |publisher=Government of Canada |year=2008 |edition=70 |volume=142 |location=Ottawa |pages=4395 |quote="On July 19, the angry passengers fought back with the only weapons they had. They were not armed. The quote from The Sun in Vancouver read: 'Howling masses of Hindus showered policemen with lumps of coal and bricks...it was like standing underneath a coal chute.' " |access-date=12 April 2022 |issue=70}}</ref> Prime Minister Robert Borden then ordered the naval cruiser HMCS ''Rainbow'' to "enforce the law firmly and effectively but with no unnecessary violence".<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.ourcommons.ca/Content/House/392/Debates/070/HAN070-E.PDF |title=House of Commons Debates: Official Report (Hansard)- Wednesday, April 2, 2008 |publisher=Government of Canada |year=2008 |edition=70 |volume=142 |location=Ottawa |pages=4395 |access-date=12 April 2022}}</ref> Under the threat of naval bombardment, the federal Minister of Agriculture, [[Martin Burrell]], arrived in Vancouver to negotiate a peaceful resolution. The Canadian government agreed to provision the ship for the return voyage, and the Shore Committee allowed the captain to take control.<ref name=":4" />{{Reference page|page=23}} Only 22 passengers were admitted to Canada. On 23 July, the ship departed.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Subhas Ranjan |title=The Tragic Journey of the Komagata Maru |url=https://www.iwm.at/publication/iwmpost-article/the-tragic-journey-of-the-komagata-maru |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=The Institute for Human Sciences (IWM) |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4" />{{Reference page|page=|pages=10, 23}}<br />
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During the controversy, Punjabi residents of Canada had supplied information to [[William C. Hopkinson]], a British immigration official. Two of these informants were murdered in August 1914. Hopkinson was shot to death at the Vancouver courthouse while attending the Punjabi trials in October 1914.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Popplewell |first=Richard J. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H44J2uDSE2cC&pg=PA160 |title=Intelligence and Imperial Defence: British Intelligence and the Defence of the Indian Empire, 1904-1924 |publisher=Frank Cass |year=1995 |isbn=9780714645803 |pages=160 |chapter=North America, 1905-14 |access-date=12 April 2022}}</ref><br />
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===Return to India===<br />
With the outbreak of World War I, British officials, suspecting the passengers of harboring anti-colonial intent, barred them from disembarking in Hong Kong and Singapore, forcing the ship to continue all the way to India. On 26 September 1914, the ''Komagata Maru'' arrived at the mouth of the Hooghly River near Calcutta. Three days later, the ship was forced to anchor at [[Budge Budge]], where British authorities attempted to force the passengers onto a special train bound for Punjab. The passengers refused to board out of suspicion and instead marched toward Calcutta. However, armed police intercepted them. After an altercation involving a police superintendent, troops open fired into the crowd, killing 20 passengers. Others were severely injured or jailed. Gurdit Singh escaped.<ref name=":4" />{{Reference page|page=|pages=23-24}}[[Mahatma Gandhi]] urged him to give himself up as a "true patriot". Upon his doing so he was imprisoned for five years.<br />
<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chang |first1=Kornel |title=Pacific Connections |date=2012 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520271692 |page=147}}</ref><br />
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==Significance==<br />
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=== Assassination of William Hopkinson ===<br />
The ''Komagata Maru'' incident caused widespread anti-British sentiment in Canada. Tensions culminated when Bela Singh, an informant working for Inspector William Hopkinson, murdered two Sikhs inside the Vancouver gurdwara. Hopkinson threatened to kill Bhai Mewa Singh, an eyewitness, if he did not testify in favour of Bela Singh. However, Bhai Mewa Singh shared what he observed directly and was again threatened with death. On 21 October 1914, Bhai Mewa Singh then killed Hopkinson in the courthouse before the latter could testify in defence of Bela Singh and surrendered himself. He was sentenced to death and was hanged on 11 January 1915.<ref name=":4" />{{Reference page|pages=11-12}}<br />
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=== The Ghadar Movement ===<br />
The ''Komagata Maru'' incident catalyzed the [[Ghadar Movement]], which sought to overthrow British colonial rule in India. Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress began calling for independence in place of self-governance.<ref name=":4" />{{Reference page|pages=20, 25}}<br />
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==Legacy==<br />
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===India===<br />
[[File:Komagata Maru 5.jpg|thumb|''Komagata Maru'' Shaheed Ganj, [[Budge Budge]]]]<br />
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In 1952, the Indian government set up a memorial to the ''Komagata Maru'' martyrs near the Budge Budge. It was inaugurated by Indian Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]. The monument is locally known as the ''Punjabi Monument'' and is modelled as a {{lang|pa|[[kirpan]]}} (Sikh dagger) rising up toward the sky.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakraborti Lahiri |first1=Samhita |title=Ship of Defiance |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100926/jsp/calcutta/story_12979265.jsp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150228074306/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100926/jsp/calcutta/story_12979265.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 28, 2015 |access-date=February 28, 2015 |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=September 26, 2010}}</ref><br />
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A tripartite agreement was signed between the Kolkata Port Trust, Union Ministry of Culture and the ''Komagata Maru'' Trust for the construction of a G+2 (three storey) building behind the existing memorial. The building will house an administrative office and library in the ground floor, a museum in the first floor and auditorium in the second. The total cost of the construction will amount to 24&nbsp;million [[Indian rupee]]s (INR).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Gurvinder|title=New building to honour Komagata Maru martyrs |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/news/bengal/new-building-to-honour-komagata-maru-martyrs/71895.html |access-date=June 28, 2015 |issue=Kolkata |publisher=The Statesman |date=June 27, 2015}}</ref><br />
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In 2014, the Indian government issued two special coins, INR&nbsp;5 and INR&nbsp;100, to mark the centenary of the ''Komagata Maru'' incident.<ref>{{cite news|last1=IANS|title=India commemorating 100 years of Komagata Maru|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/india-commemorating-100-years-of-komagata-maru/article6458812.ece|access-date=November 3, 2015|newspaper=The Hindu|date=September 30, 2015}}</ref> <br />
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===Canada===<br />
A plaque commemorating the 75th anniversary of the departure of ''Komagata Maru'' was placed in the Sikh gurdwara (temple) in Vancouver on July 23, 1989. Also, a plaque for the 75th anniversary lies in Portal Park, at 1099 West Hastings Street, Vancouver.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.komagatamaru.ca/gian-s-kotli | title=Gian S Kotli}}</ref> The 80th anniversary of the arrival of ''Komagata Maru'' is commemorated by a plaque placed in Vancouver Harbour in 1994.<br />
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The first phase<ref>{{cite web|title=Komagata Maru memorial approved for Vancouver|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/komagata-maru-memorial-approved-for-vancouver-1.1078771|publisher=CBC News |date=March 1, 2011 |access-date=November 21, 2014}}</ref> of the ''Komagata Maru'' Museum<ref>{{cite web|title=Komagata Maru Museum Official Website|url=http://kdsross.com/community-services/komagata-maru-musuem/|publisher=Khalsa Diwan Society Vancouver|access-date=November 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704212000/http://kdsross.com/community-services/komagata-maru-musuem/|archive-date=July 4, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> was opened in June 2012 at the [[Khalsa Diwan Society Vancouver]] Ross Street Temple. A monument in remembrance of the ''Komagata Maru'' incident was unveiled on July 23, 2012.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hager|first=Mike |title=Komagata Maru passengers remembered with Vancouver monument |url=https://vancouversun.com/news/komagata-maru-passengers-remembered-with-vancouver-monument |work=Vancouver Sun |date=July 24, 2012 |access-date=August 21, 2021}}</ref> It is located near the steps of the seawall that lead up to the [[Vancouver Convention Centre#West Building|Vancouver Convention Centre West Building]] in Coal Harbour. A stamp commemorating the 100th anniversary of the arrival of ''Komagata Maru'' was released by [[Canada Post]] on May 1, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Komagata Maru: Booklet of 6 International Stamps|url=https://www.canadapost.ca/shop/collect-stamps/all-details-2014/details-3-arpil-2014/p-413932111.jsf?execution=e1s1 |publisher=Canada Post |access-date=November 21, 2014}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Raj_Singh_Toor.jpg|thumb|Raj Singh Toor, spokesperson and vice-president of the ''Komagata Maru'' Society, pointing to his grandfather, Baba Puran Singh Janetpura, at the ''Komagata Maru'' Memorial in Coal Harbour in Vancouver, BC.]]<br />
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Raj Singh Toor, spokesperson and vice-president of the Descendants of the ''Komagata Maru'' Society has worked to bring about commemorations to the legacy of the ''Komagata Maru''. Toor is a grandson of Baba Puran Singh Janetpura, one of the passengers on the ''Komagata Maru''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raj Singh Toor |url=https://www.southasiancanadianheritage.ca/hari-sharma/hari-sharma-1900-1910/raj-singh-toor/ |website=South Asian Canadian Heritage |access-date=October 4, 2021}}</ref> After Toor spoke to Surrey, British Columbia city council, part of 75A Avenue in Surrey was renamed ''Komagata Maru'' Way on July 31, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 31, 2019|title=Surrey unveils Komagata Maru Way signs|url=https://www.surreynowleader.com/news/surrey-unveils-komagata-maru-way-sign/|access-date=July 10, 2021|website=Surrey Now-Leader|language=en-US}}</ref> As well, a heritage storyboard titled "Remembering the ''Komagata Maru''" was installed at R. A. Nicholson Park in Surrey on September 17, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 6, 2020|title=New Storyboard Honours Victims of Komagata Maru {{!}} City of Surrey|url=https://www.surrey.ca/news-events/news/new-storyboard-honours-victims-of-komagata-maru|access-date=July 10, 2021|website=www.surrey.ca|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> On December 23, 2020, as a result of Toor's presentations to Delta city council, a storyboard commemorating the ''Komagata Maru'' was installed in the North Delta Social Heart Plaza.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 16, 2020|title=Signs commemorating Komagata Maru coming to North Delta Social Heart Plaza|url=https://www.surreynowleader.com/news/signs-commemorating-komagata-maru-coming-to-north-delta-social-heart-plaza/|access-date=July 10, 2021|website=Surrey Now-Leader|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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On October 4, 2022, an interpretive plaque for the ''Komagata Maru'' Perimeter Trail and Dock was unveiled in New Westminster, BC, after Toor requested New Westminster name a civic asset in memory of the ''Komagata Maru''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Press Release |title=City of New Westminster unveils Komagata Maru interpretive plaque |url=https://www.newwestcity.ca/2022/10/18/city-of-new-westminster-unveils-komagata-maru-interpretive-plaque.php |website=City of New Westminster Website |publisher=City of New Westminster |access-date=18 March 2024}}</ref> One month later, on November 9, 2022, Port Moody, BC, unveiled a new heritage storyboard at Rocky Point Park recalling the plight of the ''Komagata Maru'', after Toor's 2021 presentation to Port Moody City Council.<ref>{{cite web |title=Port Moody unveils storyboard commemorating Komagata Maru, aid efforts of Sikh community |url=https://www.portmoody.ca/en/news/port-moody-unveils-storyboard-commemorating-komagata-maru-aid-efforts-of-sikh-community.aspx |website=City of Port Moody Website |date=November 9, 2022 |publisher=City of Port Moody |access-date=18 March 2024}}</ref> Richmond, BC, installed on July 12, 2023, two ''Komagata Maru'' commemorative signs in King George Park following Toor's 2019 request that the city acknowledge the journey of the ''Komagata Maru''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hui |first1=Vikki |title=New sign acknowledges Richmond's role in Komagata Maru tragedy |url=https://www.richmond-news.com/in-the-community/new-sign-acknowledges-richmonds-role-in-komagata-maru-tragedy-7264300 |access-date=18 March 2024 |work=Richmond News |date=July 11, 2023}}</ref><br />
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Then on July 22, 2023, the section of South Fraser Way in front of the Abbotsford Sikh Temple National Historic Site (also known as the [[Gur Sikh Temple]]) was commemoratively renamed ''Komagata Maru'' Way.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peters |first1=Jessica |title=Komagata Maru Way: A new street name signals hope in Abbotsford |url=https://www.abbynews.com/news/komagata-maru-way-a-new-street-name-signals-hope-in-abbotsford-2354343 |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=The Abbotsford News |date=24 July 2023}}</ref> As well, three signs were installed, detailing the contributions of the Sikh community in helping to address the thirst, hunger, and ill health that many passengers of the ''Komagata Maru'' were experiencing. These commemorations were the result of work that Toor began in 2019 along with the Abbotsford Parks, Recreation & Culture department.<br />
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Toor was part of the unveiling ceremony in Mission, BC, on August 16, 2023, of a ''Komagata Maru'' [[interpretive sign]] at Jack Poole Park.<ref>{{cite news |last1=White |first1=Dillon |title=Mission unveils sign commemorating Komagata Maru incident |url=https://www.missioncityrecord.com/community/mission-unveils-sign-commemorating-komagata-maru-incident-2359996 |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=Mission City Record |date=17 August 2023}}</ref> This sign was the result of Toor's April 19, 2021, presentation to Mission council requesting recognition of the ''Komagata Maru'', given the importance of the South Asian community in Mission's history.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Penner |first1=Patrick |title=Mission to honour Komagata Maru passengers, after descendant speaks before council |url=https://www.missioncityrecord.com/news/mission-to-honour-komagata-maru-passengers-after-descendant-speaks-before-council-2155720 |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=Mission City Record |date=21 April 2021}}</ref> Mission City Council and the Mission School Board also approved a display board that is to be used to teach Mission students about the ''Komagata Maru'' incident, and about the need for respecting and valuing people of different cultures.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 23, 2023 |title=City of Mission proclaims May 23, 2023, as Komagata Maru Remembrance Day |url=https://voiceonline.com/city-of-mission-proclaims-may-23-2023-as-komagata-maru-remembrance-day/ |access-date=September 25, 2024 |work=The Indo-Canadian Voice}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Komagata Maru Incident Display Board |url=https://voiceonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/KomagatMaru-Edited-May-16-23.pdf |access-date=September 25, 2024 |website=The Indo-Canadian Voice}}</ref><br />
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In 2024, [[Canada Place]] in [[downtown Vancouver]] was co-named ''Komagata Maru'' Place.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-09 |title=Prominent Vancouver street given 2nd name in honour of Komagata Maru ship|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/komagata-maru-place-canada-place-renaming-1.7110759/|access-date=2024-02-10 |website=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]|language=en-ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-09 |title=Vancouver unveils street signs for Komagata Maru Place|url=https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/vancouver-komagata-maru-place/|access-date=2024-02-10 |website=[[Vancouver Sun]]|language=en-ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-09 |title=Canada Place given secondary name and signage honouring Komagata Maru passengers|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10285233/komagata-maru-signage-canada-place/|access-date=2024-02-10 |website=[[Global News]]|language=en-ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-09 |title=<br />
Honorary Komagata Maru street signs unveiled near Vancouver Harbour<br />
|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/vancouver/honorary-komagata-maru-street-signs-unveiled-near-vancouver-harbour-1.6763385/|access-date=2024-02-10 |website=[[CTV News]]|language=en-ca}}</ref> The new signage was unveiled on February 9, 2024, following five years of advocacy by Toor.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kulkarni |first1=Akshay |title=Prominent Vancouver street given 2nd name in honour of Komagata Maru ship |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/komagata-maru-place-canada-place-renaming-1.7110759 |access-date=19 March 2024 |work=CBC News |date=9 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharyya |first1=Anirudh |title=Vancouver unveils street signs in honour of Komagata Maru ship |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/vancouver-unveils-street-signs-in-honour-of-komagata-maru-ship-101707549382541.html |access-date=18 April 2024 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=10 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Team Link |title=Canada Place given secondary, honorary name of Komagata Maru Place |url=https://thelinkpaper.ca/canada-place-given-secondary-honorary-name-of-komagata-maru-place/ |access-date=18 April 2024 |publisher=Link Newspaper |date=17 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Komagata Maru Place |url=https://vancouver.ca/parks-recreation-culture/komagata-maru-place.aspx |website=City of Vancouver Website |publisher=City of Vancouver |access-date=18 April 2024}}</ref><br />
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As well, due to lobbying efforts by Toor, May 23 is a day of remembrance for the passengers of the ''Komagata Maru'' in the province of BC and many of its municipalities. May 23, 2020, was recognized by the city of Surrey and the province of British Columbia as ''Komagata Maru'' Remembrance Day.<ref name=proclamations>{{Cite web|date=May 23, 2021|title=Proclamations|url=https://descendantskomagatamaru.ca/proclamations/|access-date=July 10, 2021|website=Descendants of the Komagata Maru Society|language=en}}</ref> The city of New Westminster and city of Victoria declared May 23, 2021, as ''Komagata Maru'' Remembrance Day, while the city of Vancouver commemorated the day as ''Komagata Maru'' Day of Remembrance.<ref name=proclamations/> May 23, 2023, was proclaimed by the City of Mission as ''Komagata Maru'' Remembrance Day.<ref>{{cite news |last1=White |first1=Dillon |title=Mission proclaims May 23 Komagata Maru Remembrance Day |url=https://www.missioncityrecord.com/news/mission-proclaims-may-23-komagata-maru-remembrance-day-2180106 |access-date=21 March 2024 |work=Mission City Record |date=19 May 2023}}</ref> The city of Burnaby and the city of Port Coquitlam proclaimed May 23 of every year as ''Komagata Maru'' Remembrance Day.<ref name=proclamations/><br />
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Toor has also been active in holding those in power at the time responsible for their actions. Following Toor's 2018 request to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, [[H. H. Stevens]]' name was removed from a federal building in Vancouver.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nair |first1=Roshini |title=Harry Stevens' name stripped from federal building in Vancouver over Komagata Maru |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/harry-stevens-building-name-removed-1.5241870 |access-date=21 March 2024 |work=CBC News |date=9 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |author=<!--Not stated--> |title=Government of Canada removes Harry Stevens' name from building in Vancouver, B.C.<br />
|url= https://www.canada.ca/en/public-services-procurement/news/2019/08/government-of-canada-removes-harry-stevens-name-from-building-in-vancouver-bc.html|publisher=Government of Canada |agency=Public Services and Procurement Canada |date=29 August 2019 |access-date=17 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Name of politician behind Komagata Maru incident removed from federal building in Vancouver |url=https://globalnews.ca/video/5749823/name-of-politician-behind-komagata-maru-incident-removed-from-federal-building-in-vancouver |access-date=18 April 2024 |publisher=Global News Hour at 6 |date=9 August 2019}}</ref><br />
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===Governmental apologies===<br />
In response to calls for the government of Canada to address historic wrongs involving immigration and wartime measures, the Conservative government in 2006 created the community historical recognition program to provide grant and contribution funding for community projects linked to wartime measures and immigration restrictions and a national historical recognition program to fund federal initiatives, developed in partnership with various groups. The announcement was made on June 23, 2006, when Prime Minister [[Stephen Harper]] apologized in the House of Commons for the [[Head tax (Canada)|head tax against Chinese immigrants]].<ref>[http://pch.gc.ca/newsroom/index_e.cfm?fuseaction=displayDocument&DocIDCd=CS060471] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502054401/http://pch.gc.ca/newsroom/index_e.cfm?fuseaction=displayDocument&DocIDCd=CS060471|date=May 2, 2008}}</ref><br />
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On August 6, 2006, Prime Minister Harper made a speech at the {{lang|pa|Ghadri Babiyan da Mela}} (Festival of the Ghadar Party) in Surrey, BC, where he stated that the government of Canada acknowledged the ''Komagata Maru'' incident and announced the government's commitment to "undertake consultations with the Indo-Canadian community on how best to recognize this sad moment in Canada's history".<ref>[http://www.pch.gc.ca/progs/multi/pubs/ichr/annexes_e.cfm]. The Mela Ghadri Babiyan da is an annual festival that is run by the British Columbia based Professor Mohan Singh Memorial Foundation (Canada). The Professor Mohan Singh Memorial Foundation ran a quarter century campaign with the very specific goal of extracting apologies for this historic injustice from the British Columbia and Canadian Governments. The Mohan Singh Memorial Foundation has worked with various groups who have suffered historic wrongs in Canada - including Indigenous nations, Chinese head-tax groups, Japanese internment groups, etc. The foundation also lobbied various MPs and MLAs in multiple provinces to work apologies through those legislatures.<br />
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{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129040305/http://www.pch.gc.ca/progs/multi/pubs/ichr/annexes_e.cfm|date=November 29, 2014}}</ref> On April 3, 2008, [[Ruby Dhalla]], MP for [[Brampton—Springdale (federal electoral district)|Brampton—Springdale]], tabled motion 469 (M-469) in the House of Commons which read, "That, in the opinion of the House, the government should officially apologize to the Indo-Canadian community and to the individuals impacted in the 1914 ''Komagata Maru'' incident, in which passengers were prevented from landing in Canada."<ref>{{cite journal |journal=House of Commons of Canada |url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?pub=Journals&doc=70&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=39&Ses=2 |author=Government of Canada |title=Journals |number=70 |date=April 2, 2008 |access-date=November 21, 2014 |archive-date=January 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115222657/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?pub=Journals&doc=70&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=39&Ses=2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On May 10, 2008, [[Jason Kenney]], Secretary of State (Multiculturalism and Canadian Identity), announced the Indo-Canadian community would be able to apply for up to $2.5&nbsp;million in grants and contributions funding to commemorate the ''Komagata Maru'' incident.<ref>[http://www.pch.gc.ca/pc-ch/minstr/arc_disc-spch/kenney/2008/20080510-eng.cfm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129040258/http://www.pch.gc.ca/pc-ch/minstr/arc_disc-spch/kenney/2008/20080510-eng.cfm|date=November 29, 2014}} [http://www.pch.gc.ca/newsroom/index_e.cfm?fuseaction=displayDocument&DocIDCd=CJK073475] </ref> Following further debate on May 15, 2008, Dhalla's motion was passed by the House of Commons.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=House of Commons of Canada|url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?pub=Journals&doc=96&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=39&Ses=2 |author=Government of Canada |number=96 |title=Journals |date=May 15, 2008 |access-date=November 21, 2014 |archive-date=January 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115222706/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?pub=Journals&doc=96&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=39&Ses=2 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
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On May 23, 2008, the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia unanimously passed a resolution "that this Legislature apologizes for the events of May 23, 1914, when 376 passengers of the ''Komagata Maru'', stationed off Vancouver harbour, were denied entry by Canada. The House deeply regrets that the passengers, who sought refuge in our country and our province, were turned away without benefit of the fair and impartial treatment befitting a society where people of all cultures are welcomed and accepted."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leg.bc.ca/38th4th/votes/v080523.htm |title=Votes and Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia |publisher=Legislative Assembly of British Columbia |date=May 23, 2008 |access-date=November 21, 2014 |archive-date=March 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306032140/http://www.leg.bc.ca/38th4th/votes/v080523.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
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On August 3, 2008, Harper appeared at the 13th annual Ghadri Babiyan Da Mela (festival) in Surrey, B.C., to issue an apology for the ''Komagata Maru'' incident. He said, in response to the House of Commons motion calling for an apology by the government, "On behalf of the government of Canada, I am officially conveying as prime minister that apology."<ref>{{cite news |title=PM apologizes for 1914 Komagata Maru Incident |url=http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Politics/2008/08/03/6345366-cp.html |access-date=October 5, 2021 |date=August 6, 2008 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080806093424/http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Politics/2008/08/03/6345366-cp.html |archive-date=August 6, 2008}}</ref><br />
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Some members of the Sikh community were unsatisfied with the apology because they expected it to be made in Parliament. Secretary of State Jason Kenney said: "The apology has been given and it won't be repeated".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/sikhs-unhappy-with-pm-s-komagata-maru-apology-1.313218 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020225055/http://www.ctvnews.ca/sikhs-unhappy-with-pm-s-komagata-maru-apology-1.313218 |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 20, 2012 |title=Sikhs unhappy with PM's ''Komagata Maru'' apology |publisher=CTV News |date=August 3, 2008 |access-date=November 21, 2014 }}</ref><br />
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Before Prime Minister Harper made his statement about the tragedy (at the Mela Ghadri Babiyan Da), members of the Mohan Singh Memorial Foundation had insisted the apology during an election swing through Surrey was not enough, and that a formal apology in Parliament was required (this was a part of the original ask by the Mohan Singh Memorial Foundation). Mr. Harper's team was not willing to make that offer, and he was roundly booed at the festival by foundation members when he did make his statement. The foundation continued in its efforts to obtain an apology, and eventually worked with the government of Justin Trudeau to make it a reality. Trudeau promised an apology in the House of Commons before he was elected PM, and kept that promise in 2016, when he offered an official apology in the House of Commons.<br />
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To members of the Professor Mohan Singh Memorial Foundation only an official apology in Parliament, and written into Hansard, was acceptable. The apology, according to the group (and many legal experts they worked with) had to be entered into the public record - the record of the House of Commons - or it was just empty words. It was important to the group that future generations would have that record, and the apology didn't just disappear in a pile of press releases and web stories.<br />
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The British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own), which was involved in the expulsion of the ''Komagata Maru'', was commanded by a Sikh, [[Harjit Sajjan]], from 2011 until 2014. He later became Minister of National Defence.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/british-columbia/bc-regiment-that-once-forced-out-the-komagata-maru-is-now-commanded-by-a-sikh/article18832286/ |title=B.C. regiment that once forced out the Komagata Maru is now commanded by a Sikh |last=Roberts |first=Nadine |work=The Globe and Mail |date=May 24, 2014 |access-date=November 21, 2014}}</ref><br />
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On May 18, 2016, Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] gave a formal "full apology" for the incident in the House of Commons.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.straight.com/news/1281886/gurpreet-singh-komagata-maru-apology-campaigners-gearing-thank-trudeau-annual-festival | title=Gurpreet Singh: Komagata Maru apology campaigners gearing up to thank Trudeau at annual festival in Surrey | date=August 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/article/pm-to-offer-full-apology-for-komagata-maru-incident/|title=PM to offer full apology for Komagata Maru incident|date=April 11, 2016|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Justin Trudeau apologizes in House for 1914 Komagata Maru incident|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/komagata-maru-live-apology-1.3587827|website=CBC News|publisher=CBC/Radio-Canada|access-date=May 18, 2016}}</ref> This formal apology came about due to lobbying from the Indo-Canadian community, such as the work done by the Professor Mohan Singh Memorial Foundation (as specifically noted in the Prime Minister's speech) and The Descendants of the ''Komagata Maru'' Society.<ref>{{cite news |title=Komagata Maru descendants speak ahead of Trudeau's apology |url=https://globalnews.ca/video/2707653/komagata-maru-descendants-speak-ahead-of-trudeaus-apology |access-date=October 26, 2021 |publisher=Global News |date=May 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/speeches/2016/05/18/komagata-maru-apology-house-commons#:~:text=I%20apologize%2C%20first%20and%20foremost,offer%20it%2C%20fully%20and%20sincerely | title=Komagata Maru apology in the House of Commons | date=May 20, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.darpanmagazine.com/people/newsmakers/darpans-newsmaker-of-2016-sahib-thind/ | title=DARPAN's Newsmaker of 2016: Sahib Thind }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jennykwanndp.ca/komagata-maru-and-canada-apology | title=Jenny Kwan's Statement on the Komagata Maru incident and Canada's apology | date=December 22, 2023 }}</ref><br />
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On May 18, 2021, due to lobbying efforts of Raj Singh Toor, Vancouver City Council&nbsp;said that they "sincerely apologize for the role the City played in the incident, especially supporting laws that prevented passengers from disembarking".<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Vancouver|first=City of|title=Vancouver City Council apologizes for Komagata Maru racism|url=https://vancouver.ca/news-calendar/vancouver-city-council-apologizes-for-komagata-maru-racism.aspx|access-date=July 10, 2021|website=vancouver.ca|language=en|archive-date=July 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710054644/https://vancouver.ca/news-calendar/vancouver-city-council-apologizes-for-komagata-maru-racism.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Also due to lobbying efforts of Toor, New Westminster City Council acknowledged on September 27, 2021, that the city's "...formal support of discriminatory, racist and exclusionary legislation contributed to the plight of the passengers of the ''Komagata Maru'', both in Canadian waters and upon their return to India."<ref>{{cite web |title=City of New Westminster Apology to the Community, Families and Descendants of the Komagata Maru |url=https://www.newwestcity.ca/database/files/library/New_Westminster_Apology_to_Descendants_of_KM.pdf |website=City of New Westminster Archive Files |access-date=October 4, 2021}}</ref> Consequently, "The City of New Westminster formally apologizes to the South Asian community and the descendants of the survivors of the ''Komagata Maru'' for its past actions which resulted in discrimination and exclusion."<ref>{{cite news |title=New Westminster apologizes for role in Komagata Maru incident |url=https://www.newwestrecord.ca/bc-news/new-westminster-apologizes-for-role-in-komagata-maru-incident-4465023 |access-date=October 4, 2021 |work=New Westminster Record |date=September 28, 2021}}</ref><br />
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===Media===<br />
''[[Jeevan Sangram]]'' is a 1974 Indian [[Hindi]]-language action-drama film directed by Rajbans Khanna. Based on the ''Komagata Maru'' incident it follows Arjun on board the ship and his return to India thereafter where he escapes the firing at the harbour and becomes a rebel against British rule in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Anu|title=Films about Komagata Maru's Indian passengers remind us of struggles of refugees around the world|url=https://scroll.in/reel/938657/films-about-komagata-maru-remind-us-of-the-brave-and-risky-journeys-of-refugees-the-world-over|access-date=March 7, 2021|website=Scroll.in|date=September 27, 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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The first Canadian play based on the incident is ''The Komagata Maru Incident'', written by [[Sharon Pollock]] and presented in January 1976.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term=The%20Komagata%20Maru%20Incident |title=The Komagata Maru Incident |publisher=Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia |date=July 24, 2011 |access-date=November 21, 2014}}</ref> It was presented again in 2017 by the [[Stratford Festival]], directed by Keira Loughran, starring [[Kiran Ahluwalia]].<br />
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The first Canadian novel based on the incident is ''Lions of the Sea'', written by [[Jessi Thind]] and published in 2001.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Okk452lbaDsC |title=Lions of the Sea |publisher=Nalanda University Press|isbn=9781412217385 |date=November 4, 2003 }}</ref> In 2011 [[Diana Lobb]] cited ''Lions of the Sea'' as one of the first fictionalized South Asian perspectives on the ''Komagata Maru'' in her philosophical dissertation presented to the University of Waterloo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/handle/10012/5819/Diana%20Lobb%20Dissertation%203.pdf?sequence=1 |title=Canadian Literatures Beyond the Colour Line |publisher= University of Waterloo}}</ref> Several friends of the author suggested the title of the novel for the Sikh Heritage Museum of Canada ''Komagata Maru'' exhibition in 2014 which was subsequently titled "Lions of the Sea: The National ''Komagata Maru'' Exhibition."<ref>{{cite web|title= Lions of the Sea Exhibition|url= http://shmc.ca/work/52/|access-date= January 27, 2017|archive-date= January 8, 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170108001932/http://shmc.ca/work/52/|url-status= dead}}</ref><br />
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[[Ajmer Rode]] wrote the play ''Komagata Maru'' based on the incident in 1984. In 1989, when Indo-Canadian community of British Columbia commemorated the 75th anniversary of the ''Komagata Maru'', Sadhu Binning and Sukhwant Hundal wrote a play Samundari Sher Nal Takkar (''The Battle with the Sealion'') and co-edited and produced first issue of Punjabi literary magazine ''Watan'' on the ''Komagata Maru'' incident. Phinder Dulai wrote A Letter To The Maru – 1914–1994. The letter was a fictionalized narrative utilizing both public record documentation and archival material; the piece ran in 1998 in an issue of ''Rungh Magazine''.<br />
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''Can You Hear the Nightbird Call?'' is a 2006 novel by the Indo-Canadian writer [[Anita Rau Badami]], it follows a woman named Bibi-ji who retraces her father's steps during the incident in Canada, with the plot being linked with other contemporary issues in India. ''Oh Canada, Oh Komagata Maru'' is a 2012 play by Alia Rehana Somani which explores memories of the incident among the Indo-Canadian community.<ref name=":0" /><br />
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In 2004, [[Ali Kazimi]]'s feature documentary ''[[Continuous Journey]]'' was released. This is the first in-depth film to examine the events surrounding the turning-away of the ''Komagata Maru.'' The primary source research done for the film led to the discovery of rare film footage of the ship in Vancouver harbour. Eight years in the making, ''Continuous Journey'' has won over ten awards, including the Most Innovative Canadian Documentary at DOXA, Vancouver 2005, and a Golden Conch at the Mumbai International Film Festival, 2006. Also in 2006, Kazimi assisted broadcaster [[Jowi Taylor]] in obtaining a piece of red cedar from Jack Uppal's Goldwood Industries, the first Sikh-owned timber mill in British Columbia, as a way of bringing the ''Komagata Maru'' story and the story of Sikhs in Canada into the [[Six String Nation]] project. Parts of this wood now serve as kerfing strips on either side of the end block in the interior of ''Voyageur'', the guitar at the heart of the project.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Six string nation : 64 pieces, 6 strings, 1 Canada, 1 guitar|last=Jowi.|first=Taylor|date=2009|publisher=Douglas & McIntyre|isbn=9781553653936|location=Vancouver|oclc=302060380|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/sixstringnation60000tayl}}</ref><br />
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The [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]] radio play ''Entry Denied'', by the Indo-Canadian scriptwriter [[Sugith Varughese]] focuses on the incident.<br />
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In 2012, filmmaker Ali Kazimi's book ''Undesirables: White Canada and the Komagata Maru'' was published by Douglas & McIntyre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dmpibooks.com/book/undesirables|title=Douglas & McIntyre Publishers|website=www.dmpibooks.com|access-date=June 18, 2018|archive-date=September 21, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053801/http://www.dmpibooks.com/book/undesirables|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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In 2014, ''dream / arteries'', written by Phinder Dulai, was published by Talon Books. The poetry book begins with a suite of poems that utilize archival records, public repositories, and online uploaded material never published before, including new photographs of the ''Komagata Maru'' from the Vancouver Public Library.<ref>{{Cite web|title=dream / arteries » Books » Talonbooks|url=https://talonbooks.com/books/dream-arteries|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=talonbooks.com}}</ref><br />
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[[Simon Fraser University]] Library launched a website ''Komagata Maru: Continuing the Journey'' in 2012 funded by the Department of Citizenship and Immigration Canada under the auspices of the Community Historical Recognition Program (CHRP). This website contains information and documents related to the ''Komagata Maru'' incident and a timeline that unfolds the details and supports teaching, research and knowledge about the ''Komagata Maru'' for school-aged, post-secondary and general audiences.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://komagatamarujourney.ca/|title=Komagata Maru Journey|website=komagatamarujourney.ca|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref><br />
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In 2010 - First ''Komagata Maru'' Memorial Youth Hockey Tournament was held in Hong Kong by Punjab Youth Club (HK) in the memory of Komagata Incident. From 2011 Punjab Youth Club (HK) made in annual. In year 2023 13th KGM Memorial Hockey tournament was held in Hong Kong<br />
<br />
===Film and Literature===<br />
''[[Guru Nanak Jahaz]]'', a [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi film]] based on the ''Komagata Maru'' incident and the murder of [[William C. Hopkinson]] was released in May 2025. It stars [[Gurpreet Ghuggi]] as [[Baba Gurdit Singh]], [[Tarsem Jassar]] as [[Mewa Singh Lopoke]] and [[Edward Sonnenblick]] as William C. Hopkinson.<ref name=":34">{{Cite news |title=Guru Nanak Jahaz Trailer Unveiled: A Gripping Tale of Sacrifice, Struggle & Forgotten Historyurl=https://www.thepollywood.com/guru-nanak-jahaz-trailer-unveiled-a-gripping-tale-of-sacrifice-struggle-forgotten-history/access-date=2025-04-26 |work=The Pollywood .com |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Punjabi Cinema Goes Global with Hollywood Stars Edward Sonnenblick and Mark Bennington |url=https://www.indianewscalling.com/sunday-magazine/news/170444-punjabi-cinema-goes-global-with-hollywood-stars-edward-sonnenblick-and-mark-bennington.aspx |access-date=30 April 2025 |work=India News Calling |date=April 24, 2025}}</ref><ref name=":34" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Punjabi Cinema Goes Global with Hollywood Stars Edward Sonnenblick and Mark Bennington |url=https://www.indianewscalling.com/sunday-magazine/news/170444-punjabi-cinema-goes-global-with-hollywood-stars-edward-sonnenblick-and-mark-bennington.aspx |access-date=30 April 2025 |work=India News Calling |date=April 24, 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
{{Gallery|File:Komagata Maru incident VPL 6226 (11243923746).jpg|''Komagata Maru'' incident.|File:Komagata Maru Incident VPL 6231 (11243921036).jpg|''Komagata Maru'' incident.|File:Komogata Maru LAC a034014 1914.jpg|[[Punjabi Sikhs]], [[Punjabi Muslims]], and [[Punjabi Hindus]] on board the ''[[Komagata Maru]]'' in [[Vancouver]], 1914.|File:Komagata Maru incident VPL 13162 (11326360494).jpg|''Komagata Maru'' incident|File:Komagata Maru incident VPL 136 (11326289713).jpg|''Komagata Maru'' incident|align=center|width=215}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Human rights in Canada]]<br />
* [[Anti-Sikh sentiment in Canada]]<br />
* [[Ukrainian Canadian internment]]<br />
* [[Anti-German sentiment]] in Victoria 1914<br />
* [[MS St. Louis|MS ''St. Louis'']], another vessel carrying immigrants denied entry to North America<br />
* [[MV Sun Sea incident|MV ''Sun Sea'' incident]]<br />
* [[British protected person]]<br />
* [[Indo-Canadians in Greater Vancouver]]<br />
* [[Mewa Singh Lopoke]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* Ferguson, Ted, ''A White Man's Country'' (Toronto: [[Doubleday Canada]], 1975)<br />
* Johnston, Hugh J. M., ''The Voyage of the Komagata Maru: the Sikh Challenge to Canada's Colour Bar.'' (Delhi: [[Oxford University Press]], 1979)<br />
* Josh, Sohan Singh, "Tragedy of the ''Komagata Maru''" (New Delhi: People's Publishing House, 1975)<br />
* Kazimi, Ali, ''Continuous Journey'', feature-length documentary about the ''Komagata Maru''. 2004<br />
* {{cite book |last=Kazimi |first=Ali |title=Undesirables: White Canada and the Komagata Maru |location=Vancouver |publisher=D&M Publishers |year=2011 |isbn=978-1553659730}}<br />
* McKelvie, B. A., "Magic, Murder and Mystery", (Duncan, B.C., Cowichan Leader, 1965)<br />
* Morse, Eric Wilton. "Some Aspects of the Komagata Maru Affair." ''[[Canadian Historical Association Report]]'' (1936). p. 100-109.<br />
* [[Robie Reid|Reid, Robie L.]], "The Inside Story of the ''Komagata Maru''" in ''[[British Columbia Historical Quarterly]]'', Vol V, No. 1, January 1941, p.&nbsp;4<br />
* Report of the ''Komagata Maru'' Inquiry (Calcutta, 1914)<br />
* Singh, Baba Gurdit, "Voyage of the Komagatamaru: or India's Slavery Abroad" (Calcutta; n.d.)<br />
* Singh, Jaswant, "Baba Gurdit Singh: Komagatamaru" (Jullundur; New Book Co., 1965) [written in Gurmukhi]<br />
* Singh, Kesar, ''Canadian Sikhs ''(Part One)'' and Komagata Maru Massacre.'' Surrey, B.C.: 1989.<br />
* Singh, Malwindarjit, and Singh, Harinder, War against King Emperor: Ghadr of 1914–15: A verdict by special tribunal (Ludhiana: Bhai Sahib Randhir Singh Trust, 2001)<br />
* Somani, Alia Rehana. "[http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1579&context=etd Broken Passages and Broken Promises: Reconstructing the Komagata Maru and Air India Cases]" (PhD thesis) ([https://web.archive.org/web/20141129080508/http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1579&context=etd Archive]). School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Western Ontario, 2012.<br />
* Ward, W. Peter, "The ''Komagata Maru'' Incident" in ''White Canada Forever: Popular Attitudes and Public Policy toward Orientals in British Columbia.'' Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2d ed., 1990, pp.&nbsp;79–93<br />
* Waraich, Malwinderjit Singh (ed.), Sidhu, Gurdev Singh (ed.), ''Komagata Maru: A Challenge to Colonialism Key Documents'' (Unistar Books, 2005)<br />
* Whitehead, Eric, ''Cyclone Taylor: A Hockey Legend'' (Toronto; Doubleday Canada, 1977), pp.&nbsp;158–163<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Komagata Maru incident}}<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130811214922/http://www.centralsikhmuseum.com/gallery/hi/km/ Gallery on ''Komagata Maru'' incident]<br />
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130920195615/http://www.sikhpioneers.org/koma.html Pioneer East Asian Immigration to the Pacific Coast: ''Komagata Maru'']}}<br />
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0490857/ ''Continuous Journey'', a feature-length documentary by Ali Kazimi]<br />
* [https://timeline.com/komagata-maru-indian-canada-38d327071c56 Photos: When these Indian immigrants got to Canada, police kept them on their boat for two months] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517004714/https://timeline.com/komagata-maru-indian-canada-38d327071c56 |date=May 17, 2022 }}<br />
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=Okk452lbaDsC ''Lions of the Sea'', a novel by Jessi Thind]<br />
* [https://www.cbc.ca/asianheritage/film/ CBC Radio One's ''As It Happens'' aired an interview with ''Continuous Journey'' filmmaker Ali Kazimi on May 13, 2008]<br />
* [https://archive.today/20130119150425/http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/westcoastnews/story.html?id=bc5cdad1-2922-45e9-a828-d5e68baf500a "Tejpal Singh Sandhu was at Monday's meeting representing his great-grandfather Gurdit Singh Indian, who chartered the ship to travel from India to Canada."]<br />
* [http://komagatamarujourney.ca/ ''Komagata Maru: Continuing the Journey'' website by Simon Fraser University Library. A resource-rich website about the ''Komagata Maru'' story]<br />
* [http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/komagata-maru ''The Canadian Encyclopedia'': ''"Komagata Maru"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131124080332/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/komagata-maru |date=November 24, 2013 }}<br />
* [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/british-columbia/komagata-maru-100-years-later/article18830049/ Globe and Mail: Behind the Komagata Maru's fight to open Canada's border]<br />
* https://talonbooks.com/books/dream-arteries<br />
* [https://descendantskomagatamaru.ca/ Descendants of the ''Komagata Maru'' Society Website, a site dedicated to educating people about the ''Komagata Maru'' Incident]<br />
* [https://scroll.in/reel/938657/films-about-komagata-maru-remind-us-of-the-brave-and-risky-journeys-of-refugees-the-world-over Films about ''Komagata Maru'']<br />
<br />
{{Ghadar Conspiracy}}<br />
{{January–July 1914 shipwrecks}}<br />
{{Vancouver}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Komagata Maru'' incident}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:History of human rights in Canada]]<br />
[[Category:History of immigration to Canada]]<br />
[[Category:1914 in Canada]]<br />
[[Category:History of Vancouver]]<br />
[[Category:International maritime incidents]]<br />
[[Category:Maritime incidents in April 1914]]<br />
[[Category:Ocean liners]]<br />
[[Category:Anti-Indian sentiment in Canada]]<br />
[[Category:Anti-Indian sentiment in North America]]<br />
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]<br />
[[Category:World War I passenger ships of Japan]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy]]<br />
[[Category:1914 in international relations]]<br />
[[Category:Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914)]]<br />
[[Category:Maritime incidents in Canada]]<br />
[[Category:Immigration to British Columbia]]<br />
[[Category:Sikhism in British Columbia]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University&diff=462593Stanford University2026-03-20T11:17:03Z<p>Ranehospital: general fix details as per guidelines and fixed typos</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Private university in California, US}}<br />
{{Redirect-distinguish-for|Stanford|Stamford (disambiguation){{!}}Stamford|other uses}}<br />
{{Use American English|date=January 2022}}<br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox university<br />
| name = Leland Stanford Junior University<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = [[English language|en]]<br />
| image = Seal of Leland Stanford Junior University.svg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| image_upright = .6<br />
| motto = {{lang|de|Die Luft der Freiheit weht}} ([[German language|German]])<ref name="casper">{{cite speech |title=Die Luft der Freiheit weht—On and Off |last=Casper |first=Gerhard |author-link=Gerhard Casper |url=https://web.stanford.edu/dept/pres-provost/president/speeches/951005dieluft.html |date=October 5, 1995 |access-date=August 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722040757/https://web.stanford.edu/dept/pres-provost/president/speeches/951005dieluft.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| mottoeng = "The wind of freedom blows"<ref name="casper" /><br />
| type = [[Private university|Private]] [[research university]]<br />
| academic_affiliations = {{hlist|[[Association of American Universities|AAU]]|[[Consortium on Financing Higher Education|COFHE]]|[[Universities Research Association|URA]]|[[National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program|Space-grant]]}}<br />
| established = 1885<br />
| founder = [[Leland Stanford|Leland]] and [[Jane Stanford]]<br />
| endowment = $40.8 billion (2025)<ref name="smc_faq">(As of August 31, 2025) {{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |date=2025-08-31 |title=Stanford University reports return on investment portfolio, value of endowment |url=https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2025/10/report-investment-portfolio-value-endowment |access-date=2025-10-14 |website=Investment Office of Stanford Management Company |language=en |archive-date=October 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251009035602/https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2025/10/report-investment-portfolio-value-endowment |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| budget = $8.9 billion (2023/24)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://facts.stanford.edu/administration/finances/ |title=Finances – Facts |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=February 8, 2024 |archive-date=February 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212215403/https://facts.stanford.edu/administration/finances/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| president = [[Jonathan Levin (economist)|Jonathan Levin]]<br />
| provost = [[Jenny Martinez]]<br />
| academic_staff = 2,323 (fall 2023)<ref name="facts">{{cite web |title=Stanford Facts |url=https://facts.stanford.edu/ |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=February 8, 2024 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206012304/https://facts.stanford.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| administrative_staff = 18,369 (fall 2023)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://facts.stanford.edu/administration/staff/ |title=Staff – Facts |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=February 8, 2024 |archive-date=February 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208145025/https://facts.stanford.edu/administration/staff/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| students = 17,529 (fall 2023)<ref name="facts" /><br />
| undergrad = 7,841 (fall 2023)<ref name="facts" /><br />
| postgrad = 9,688 (fall 2023)<ref name="facts" /><br />
| city = [[Stanford, California]]<br />
| country = United States<br />
{{Coord|37|25|39|N|122|10|12|W|region:US-CA_type:edu|display=title,inline}}<br />
| campus = [[suburban|Large suburb]]:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=Stanford&s=all&id=243744 |title=IPEDS-Stanford University |access-date=January 16, 2022}}</ref> {{Convert|8180|acre|ha|abbr=off}}<ref name="facts" /><br />
| free_label = Other campuses<br />
| free = {{Hlist|[[Hopkins Marine Station|Pacific Grove]]|[[Redwood City, California|Redwood City]]|[[Washington, D.C.]]}}<br />
| free_label2 = Newspaper<br />
| free2 = ''[[The Stanford Daily]]''<br />
| colors = {{Color box|#8C1515}} [[Stanford Cardinal Red|Cardinal Red]] <br /> {{color box|white}} [[White]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Color |url=https://identity.stanford.edu/design-elements/color/primary-colors |publisher=Stanford University |work=Stanford Identity Toolkit |access-date=January 16, 2022 |archive-date=January 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131234744/https://identity.stanford.edu/design-elements/color/primary-colors/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| athletics_nickname = [[Stanford Cardinal|Cardinal]]<br />
| sporting_affiliations = {{hlist|[[NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision|NCAA Division I FBS]] – [[Atlantic Coast Conference|ACC]]|[[Intercollegiate Rowing Association|IRA]]|[[Pacific Coast Collegiate Sailing Conference|PCCSC]]|[[Mountain Pacific Sports Federation|MPSF]]}}<br />
| mascot = [[Stanford Tree]] (unofficial)<ref>The [[Stanford Tree]] is the mascot of the [[Stanford Band|band]] but not the university.</ref><br />
| website = {{official URL}}<br />
| logo = Stanford wordmark (2012).svg<br />
| logo_upright = .7<br />
| logo_size = <br />
| accreditation = [[Western Association of Schools and Colleges - Senior College and University Commission|WSCUC]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<!--DO NOT REMOVE OR MOVE THE FULL ORGANIZATION NAME PER [[MOS:FIRSTCORP]].-->'''Leland Stanford Junior University''',<ref>{{cite web |title='Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax – 2013' (IRS Form 990) |url=http://990s.foundationcenter.org/990_pdf_archive/941/941156365/941156365_201408_990.pdf |access-date=November 15, 2017 |website=foundationcenter.org |publisher=990s.foundationcenter.org |language=en-US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614150830/http://990s.foundationcenter.org/990_pdf_archive/941/941156365/941156365_201408_990.pdf |archive-date= Jun 14, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=The founding grant: with amendments, legislation, and court decrees |url=https://purl.stanford.edu/bz978md4965 |access-date=December 29, 2020 |website=Stanford Digital Repository |date=November 26, 1987 |language=en-US |archive-date=April 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420001852/http://purl.stanford.edu/bz978md4965 |url-status=live }}</ref> commonly referred to as '''Stanford University''', is a [[Private university|private]] [[research university]] in [[Stanford, California]], United States. It was founded in 1885 by railroad magnate [[Leland Stanford]] (the eighth [[List of governors of California|governor]] of and then-incumbent [[List of United States senators from California|United States senator representing California]]) and his wife, [[Jane Stanford|Jane]], in memory of their only child, [[Leland Stanford Jr.|Leland Jr]].<ref name="StanfordAboutHistory">{{cite web |url=https://www.stanford.edu/about/history/ |title=History: Stanford University |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=June 3, 2020 |archive-date=March 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310120418/https://www.stanford.edu/about/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
The university admitted its first students in 1891,<ref name="StanfordAboutHistory" /><ref name="facultyguidehistory">{{cite web |title=Chapter 1: The University and the Faculty |work=Faculty Handbook |publisher=Stanford University |date=September 7, 2016 |url=https://facultyhandbook.stanford.edu/ch1.html |access-date=April 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525015143/https://facultyhandbook.stanford.edu/ch1.html |archive-date=May 25, 2017 }}</ref> opening as a [[Mixed-sex education|coeducational]] and [[non-denominational]] institution. It struggled financially after Leland died in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]].<ref>{{cite web |title=History – Part 2 (The New Century): Stanford University |url=http://www.stanford.edu/about/history/history_ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220134855/http://www.stanford.edu/about/history/history_ch2.html |archive-date=December 20, 2013 |access-date=December 20, 2013 |publisher=Stanford.edu}}</ref> Following [[World War II]], university [[Provost (education)|provost]] [[Frederick Terman]] inspired an [[entrepreneurship|entrepreneurial culture]] to build a self-sufficient local industry (later [[Silicon Valley]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=History – Part 3 (The Rise of Silicon Valley): Stanford University |url=http://www.stanford.edu/about/history/history_ch3.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220134016/http://www.stanford.edu/about/history/history_ch3.html |archive-date=December 20, 2013 |access-date=December 20, 2013 |publisher=Stanford.edu}}</ref> In 1951, [[Stanford Research Park]] was established in [[Palo Alto]] as the world's first university research park.<ref name="Luger_Page_122">{{cite book |last1=Luger |first1=Michael I. |last2=Goldstein |first2=Harvey A. |title=Technology in the Garden: Research Parks and Regional Economic Development |date=1991 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |location=Chapel Hill |isbn=978-0-8078-4345-1 |page=122 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fdmj3_XcqmMC&pg=PA122 |access-date=June 21, 2024 |archive-date=May 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506032502/https://books.google.com/books?id=Fdmj3_XcqmMC&pg=PA122 |url-status=live }}</ref> By 2021, the university had 2,288 tenure-line faculty, senior fellows, center fellows, and medical faculty on staff.<ref name="stanford_facts_faculty">{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Stanford Facts: The Stanford Faculty |url=http://facts.stanford.edu/academics/faculty |access-date=February 10, 2022 |publisher=Stanford University |archive-date=October 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141016171730/http://facts.stanford.edu/academics/faculty |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
The university is organized around seven schools of study on an {{convert|8,180|acre|ha|abbr=off|adj=on}} campus, one of the largest in the nation.<ref name="facts" /> It houses the [[Hoover Institution]], a public policy [[think tank]], and is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".<ref name="Carnegie" /> Students compete in 36 varsity sports, and the university is one of eight private institutions in the [[Atlantic Coast Conference]] (ACC). Stanford has won 136 [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] team championships,<ref name="gostanford.com">{{Cite web |title=Cardinal Athletics - Facts |url=https://facts.stanford.edu/campuslife/athletics/ |access-date=2025-04-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> and was awarded the [[NACDA Directors' Cup]] for 25 consecutive years, beginning in 1994.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=Pac-12 Conference |date=July 2, 2018 |title=Stanford wins 24th-consecutive Directors' Cup |url=https://pac-12.com/article/2018/07/02/stanford-wins-24th-directors-cup-pac-12-members-finish-1-2-4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702180048/http://pac-12.com/article/2018/07/02/stanford-wins-24th-directors-cup-pac-12-members-finish-1-2-4 |archive-date=July 2, 2018 |access-date=June 1, 2019 |work=Pac-12 News |language=en-US}}</ref> Students and alumni have won [[List of American universities with Olympic medals|302 Olympic medals (including 153 gold)]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Athletics |first=Stanford |date=July 1, 2016 |title=Olympic Medal History |url=https://gostanford.com/news/2016/7/1/athletics-stanford-olympic-history.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815175534/https://gostanford.com/news/2016/7/1/athletics-stanford-olympic-history.aspx |archive-date=August 15, 2021 |access-date=June 19, 2017 |website=Stanford University Athletics |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
The university is associated with 94 billionaires,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burleigh |first=Emma |title=From dorm rooms to boardrooms: This U.S. college has created more billionaires than anywhere else, including Mark Zuckerberg and Jamie Dimon |url=https://fortune.com/2025/03/04/gen-z-colleges-billionaires-harvard-zuckerberg-mit-stanford-nyu/ |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref> 58 [[list of Nobel laureates by university affiliation|Nobel laureates]],<ref name="stanford_facts_faculty" /> 33 [[MacArthur Fellow]]s,<ref name="stanford_facts_faculty" /> 29 [[Turing Award]] winners,{{refn|group=note|Undergraduate school alumni who received the Turing Award:<br />
<br />
# [[Vint Cerf]]: BS Math Stanford 1965; MS CS UCLA 1970; PhD CS UCLA 1972.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cerf_1083211.cfm |title=Vinton Cerf – A.M. Turing Award Winner |work=acm.org |access-date=September 12, 2014 |archive-date=June 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629090105/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cerf_1083211.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
# [[Allen Newell]]: BS Physics Stanford 1949; PhD Carnegie Institute of Technology 1957.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/newell_3167755.cfm |title=Allen Newell |work=acm.org |access-date=September 12, 2014 |archive-date=September 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919181900/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/newell_3167755.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
Graduate school alumni who received the Turing Award:<br />
# [[Martin Hellman]]: BE New York University 1966, MS Stanford University 1967, Ph.D. Stanford University 1969, all in electrical engineering. Professor at Stanford 1971–1996.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hellman_4055781.cfm |title=Martin Hellman |work=acm.org |access-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-date=July 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704173309/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hellman_4055781.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
# [[John Hopcroft]]: BS Seattle University; MS EE Stanford 1962, Phd EE Stanford 1964.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hopcroft_1053917.cfm |title=John E Hopcroft |work=acm.org |access-date=September 12, 2014 |archive-date=June 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629083530/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hopcroft_1053917.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
# [[Barbara Liskov]]: BSc Berkeley 1961; PhD Stanford.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/liskov_1108679.cfm |title=Barbara Liskov |work=acm.org |access-date=September 12, 2014 |archive-date=September 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919193905/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/liskov_1108679.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
# [[Raj Reddy]]: BS from Guindy College of Engineering (Madras, India) 1958; M Tech, University of New South Wales 1960; Ph.D. Stanford 1966.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/reddy_9634208.cfm |title=Raj Reddy – A.M. Turing Award Winner |work=acm.org |access-date=September 12, 2014 |archive-date=September 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919175536/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/reddy_9634208.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
# [[Ronald Rivest]]: BA Yale 1969; PhD Stanford 1974.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/rivest_1403005.cfm |title=Ronald L Rivest – A.M. Turing Award Winner |work=acm.org |access-date=September 12, 2014 |archive-date=September 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919191055/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/rivest_1403005.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
# [[Robert Tarjan]]: BS Caltech 1969; MS Stanford 1971, PhD 1972.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/tarjan_1092048.cfm |title=Robert E Tarjan – A.M. Turing Award Winner |work=acm.org |access-date=September 12, 2014 |archive-date=September 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919182223/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/tarjan_1092048.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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Non-alumni former and current faculty, staff, and researchers who received the Turing Award:<br />
<br />
# [[Whitfield Diffie]]: BS Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1965. Visiting scholar at Stanford from 2009–2010 and an affiliate from 2010–2012; currently, a consulting professor at CISAC (The Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/diffie_8371646.cfm |title=Whitfield Diffie |publisher=acm.org |access-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-date=July 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704184453/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/diffie_8371646.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
# [[Doug Engelbart]]: BS EE Oregon State University 1948; MS EE Berkeley 1953; PhD Berkeley 1955. Researcher/Director at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) 1957–1977; Director (Bootstrap Project) at Stanford University 1989–1990.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/engelbart_5078811.cfm |title=Douglas Engelbart |work=acm.org |access-date=September 12, 2014 |archive-date=January 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107004635/https://amturing.acm.org/page_not_found.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
# [[Edward Feigenbaum]]: BS Carnegie Institute of Technology 1956, Ph.D. Carnegie Institute of Technology 1960. Associate Professor at Stanford 1965–1968; Professor at Stanford 1969–2000; Professor Emeritus at Stanford (2000–present).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/feigenbaum_4167235.cfm |title=Edward A Feigenbaum – A.M. Turing Award Winner |work=acm.org |access-date=September 12, 2014 |archive-date=October 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016124412/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/feigenbaum_4167235.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
# [[Robert W. Floyd]]: BA 1953, BSc Physics, both from the University of Chicago. Professor at Stanford (1968–1994).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/floyd_3720707.cfm |title=Robert W. Floyd – A.M. Turing Award Winner |work=acm.org |access-date=September 12, 2014 |archive-date=September 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919193710/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/floyd_3720707.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
# [[Tony Hoare|Sir Antony Hoare]]: Undergraduate at Oxford University. Visiting Professor at Stanford 1973.<ref name="hoare">{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=J.A.N. |title=Charles Antony Richard (Tony) Hoare |url=http://computer.org/computer-pioneers/hoare.html |website=IEEE Computer Society |access-date=February 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912115705/http://computer.org/computer-pioneers/hoare.html |archive-date=September 12, 2014 }}</ref><br />
# [[Alan Kay]]: BA/BS from the University of Colorado at Boulder, Ph.D. 1969 from the University of Utah. Researcher at Stanford 1969–1971.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kay_3972189.cfm |title=Alan Kay |work=acm.org |access-date=September 12, 2014 |archive-date=October 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012154515/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kay_3972189.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
# [[John McCarthy (computer scientist)|John McCarthy]]: BS Math, Caltech; PhD Princeton. Assistant Professor at Stanford 1953–1955; Professor at Stanford 1962–2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/mccarthy_0239596.cfm |title=John McCarthy |work=acm.org |access-date=September 12, 2014 |archive-date=September 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903190145/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/mccarthy_0239596.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
# [[Robin Milner]]: BSc 1956 from Cambridge University. Researcher at Stanford University 1971–1972.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/milner_1569367.cfm |title=A J Milner – A.M. Turing Award Winner |work=acm.org |access-date=September 12, 2014 |archive-date=September 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919183232/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/milner_1569367.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
# [[Amir Pnueli]]: BSc Math from Technion 1962, PhD Weizmann Institute of Science 1967. Instructor at Stanford 1967; Visitor at Stanford 1970<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/pnueli_4725172.cfm |title=Amir Pnueli |work=acm.org |access-date=September 12, 2014 |archive-date=June 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629090242/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/pnueli_4725172.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
# [[Dana Scott]]: BA Berkeley 1954, Ph.D. Princeton 1958. Associate Professor at Stanford 1963–1967.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/scott_1193622.cfm |title=Dana S Scott – A.M. Turing Award Winner |work=acm.org |access-date=September 12, 2014 |archive-date=September 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919182625/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/scott_1193622.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
# [[Niklaus Wirth]]: BS Swiss Federal Institute of Technology 1959, MSc Universite Laval, Canada, 1960; Ph.D. Berkeley 1963. Assistant Professor at Stanford University 1963–1967.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wirth_1025774.cfm |title=Niklaus E. Wirth |work=acm.org |access-date=September 12, 2014 |archive-date=September 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919130323/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wirth_1025774.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
# [[Andrew Yao]]: BS physics National University of Taiwan 1967; AM Physics Harvard 1969; Ph.D. Physics, Harvard 1972; Ph.D. CS University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign 1975 Assistant Professor at Stanford University 1976–1981; Professor at Stanford University 1982–1986.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/yao_1611524.cfm |title=Andrew C Yao – A.M. Turing Award Winner |work=acm.org |access-date=September 12, 2014 |archive-date=November 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126040227/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/yao_1611524.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>|name="noteStudAward"}} as well as seven [[Wolf Foundation Prize]] recipients, two Supreme Court justices of the United States, and four [[Pulitzer Prize]] winners.<ref name="stanford_facts_faculty" /> Additionally, its alumni include many [[Fulbright Scholars]], [[Marshall Scholars]], [[Gates Cambridge Scholars]], [[Rhodes Scholars]], and members of the [[United States Congress]].<ref><br />
* {{Cite web |title=Top Producers |url=https://topproducing.fulbrightonline.org/ |access-date=November 4, 2020 |website=us.fulbrightonline.org |archive-date=April 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425044412/https://topproducing.fulbrightonline.org/ |url-status=live }}<br />
* {{Cite web |title=Statistics |url=http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/statistics |access-date=November 2, 2020 |website=www.marshallscholarship.org |archive-date=January 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126211334/http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/statistics |url-status=live }}<br />
* {{Cite web |title=US Rhodes Scholars Over Time |url=https://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/office-of-the-american-secretary/us-winners/colleges-and-universities-of-all-us-rhodes-scholars-over-time/ |access-date=November 2, 2020 |website=www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk |archive-date=May 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516010440/https://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/office-of-the-american-secretary/us-winners/colleges-and-universities-of-all-us-rhodes-scholars-over-time/ |url-status=live }}<br />
* {{cite web |title=Harvard, Stanford, Yale Graduate Most Members of Congress |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2010/10/28/harvard-stanford-yale-graduate-most-members-of-congress |access-date=September 15, 2017 |archive-date=February 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130205071124/http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2010/10/28/harvard-stanford-yale-graduate-most-members-of-congress |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
[[File:Statue of Stanford Family.jpg|thumb|left|Campus statue of the Stanfords]]<br />
{{Main|History of Stanford University}}<br />
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Stanford University was founded in 1885 by [[Leland Stanford|Leland]] and [[Jane Stanford]] as a tribute to the memory of their only child, [[Leland Stanford Jr.]] The university officially opened in 1891 on the Stanfords' former Palo Alto farm. Modeled after the great Eastern universities, specifically [[Cornell University]] in [[Ithaca, New York]], Stanford was often referred to as the "Cornell of the West" in its early years. This comparison was largely due to a significant portion of its faculty being former Cornell affiliates, including its first president, [[David Starr Jordan]], and its second president, [[John Casper Branner]]. Both Cornell and Stanford were among the first to make higher education accessible, non-sectarian, and inclusive of women and men. Cornell is recognized as one of the first American universities to embrace this progressive approach to education, and Stanford quickly followed suit, solidifying its commitment to these ideals.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Davis |first1=Margo Baumgartner |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oe0qpzomMwkC&pg=PA14 |title=The Stanford Album: A Photographic History, 1885–1945 |last2=Nilan |first2=Roxanne |date=1989 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-1639-0 |page=14 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
[[File:1891 Stanford.jpg|thumb|left|Center of the campus in 1891<ref>{{cite book |last1=Davis |first1=Margo |title=The Stanford Album: A Photographic History, 1885–1945 |last2=Nilan |first2=Roxanne |date=November 1, 1989 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-1639-0 |language=en-US}}</ref>]]<br />
[[File:Portrait of David Starr Jordan.jpg|thumb|right|Ichthyologist and founding president of Stanford, [[David Starr Jordan]]]]<br />
From an architectural perspective, the Stanfords sought to distinguish their university by emulating the style of English university buildings while also incorporating elements of local [[Mission Revival architecture]] and Californian heritage. They specified in the founding grant that the buildings should "be like the old adobe houses of the early Spanish days; they will be one-storied; they will have deep window seats and open fireplaces, and the roofs will be covered with the familiar dark red tiles."<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 11, 1885 |title=Founding Grant with Amendments |url=https://wasc.stanford.edu/sites/g/files/sbiybj10311/f/foundinggrant.pdf |access-date=May 7, 2021 |archive-date=May 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507105719/https://wasc.stanford.edu/sites/g/files/sbiybj10311/f/foundinggrant.pdf }}</ref> The Stanfords also hired renowned landscape architect [[Frederick Law Olmsted]], who previously designed the Cornell campus, to design the Stanford campus.<ref>{{Cite web |last=University |first=Office of the Registrar-Stanford |title=Stanford Bulletin – Stanford University |url=https://web.stanford.edu/dept/registrar/bulletin0809/4796.htm |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=web.stanford.edu |archive-date=April 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401120555/https://web.stanford.edu/dept/registrar/bulletin0809/4796.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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When [[Leland Stanford]] died in 1893, the continued existence of the university was put in jeopardy due to a federal lawsuit against his estate, but [[Jane Stanford]] insisted the university remain in operation throughout the financial crisis.<ref name=":5">{{cite book |author=Edith R. |first=Mirrielees |title=Stanford: The Story of a University |publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons |year=1959 |pages=82–91 |language=en-US |lccn=59013788}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nilan |first1=Roxanne |year=1979 |title=Jane Lathrop Stanford and the Domestication of Stanford University, 1893–1905 |journal=San Jose Studies |language=en-US |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=7–30}}</ref> The university suffered major damage from the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]]; most of the damage was repaired, but a new library and gymnasium were demolished, and some original features of [[Stanford Memorial Church|Memorial Church]] and the [[Main Quad (Stanford University)|Quad]] were never restored.<ref>{{cite web |title=Post-destruction decisions |url=http://quake06.stanford.edu/centennial/tour/stop2.html |access-date=May 3, 2021 |work=Stanford University and the 1906 Earthquake |language=en-US |archive-date=June 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604212600/http://quake06.stanford.edu/centennial/tour/stop2.html |url-status=live }}</ref> During the early-20th century, the university added four professional graduate schools. [[Stanford University School of Medicine]] was established in 1908 when the university acquired [[Cooper Medical College]] in San Francisco;<ref>{{cite web |title=Stanford University School of Medicine and the Predecessor Schools: An Historical Perspective. Part IV: Cooper Medical College 1883–1912. Chapter 30. Consolidation with Stanford University 1906 – 1912 |url=https://lane.stanford.edu/med-history/wilson/chap30.html |access-date=June 5, 2018 |work=Stanford Medical History Center |language=en-US |archive-date=June 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611041857/http://lane.stanford.edu/med-history/wilson/chap30.html |url-status=live }}</ref> it moved to the Stanford campus in 1959.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stanford University School of Medicine and the Predecessor Schools: An Historical Perspective Part V. The Stanford Era 1909– Chapter 37. The New Stanford Medical Center Planning and Building 1953 – 1959 |url=https://lane.stanford.edu/med-history/wilson/chap37.html |access-date=June 5, 2018 |work=Stanford Medical History Center |language=en-US |archive-date=June 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603113813/https://lane.stanford.edu/med-history/wilson/chap37.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
[[File:William Shockley, Stanford University.jpg|thumb|right|[[William Shockley]], Stanford professor, Nobel laureate in physics, "Father of Silicon Valley"]]<br />
The university's law department, established as an undergraduate curriculum in 1893, was transitioned into a professional [[Stanford Law School|law school]] starting in 1908 and received accreditation from the [[American Bar Association]] in 1923.<ref>{{cite web |title=ABA-Approved Law Schools by Year |url=http://www.americanbar.org/groups/legal_education/resources/aba_approved_law_schools/by_year_approved.html |access-date=April 20, 2011 |work=By Year Approved |language=en-US |archive-date=October 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020180951/http://www.americanbar.org/groups/legal_education/resources/aba_approved_law_schools/by_year_approved.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Stanford University Graduate School of Education]] grew out of the Department of the History and Art of Education, one of the original twenty-one departments at Stanford, and became a professional graduate school in 1917.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 17, 2018 |title=History |url=https://ed.stanford.edu/about/history |access-date=May 3, 2021 |work=Stanford Graduate School of Education |language=en-US |archive-date=July 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704110901/https://ed.stanford.edu/about/history |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Stanford Graduate School of Business]] was founded in 1925 at the urging of then-trustee [[Herbert Hoover]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Our History |url=https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/experience/news-history/history |access-date=May 3, 2021 |work=Stanford Graduate School of Business |language=en-US |archive-date=May 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503200923/https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/experience/news-history/history |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1919, [[Hoover Institution|The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace]] was started by [[Herbert Hoover]] to preserve artifacts related to [[World War I]]. The [[SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory]], established in 1962, performs research in particle physics.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Stanford University |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stanford-University |date=November 27, 2019<!--from Britannica article history--> |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=August 8, 2016 |archive-date=September 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150925084448/http://www.britannica.com/topic/Stanford-University |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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In the 1940s and 1950s, [[Frederick Terman]], an engineering professor who later became provost, encouraged Stanford engineering graduates to start their own companies and invent products.<ref name="MSV49,50">{{cite book |author1=Lécuyer |first=Christophe |title=Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 1930–1970 |date=August 24, 2007 |publisher=The MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-62211-0 |edition=1st |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |pages=49–50 |language=en-US}}</ref> During the 1950s, he established [[Stanford Industrial Park]], a high-tech commercial campus on university land.<ref name="wipo">{{cite web |last1=Sandelin |first1=Jon |title=Co-Evolution of Stanford University & the Silicon Valley: 1950 to Today |url=http://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/arab/en/wipo_idb_ip_ryd_07/wipo_idb_ip_ryd_07_1.pdf |access-date=January 23, 2018 |website=WIPO |publisher=Stanford University Office of Technology Licensing |language=en-US |archive-date=May 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512023458/https://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/arab/en/wipo_idb_ip_ryd_07/wipo_idb_ip_ryd_07_1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Also in the 1950s, [[William Shockley]], co-inventor of the silicon transistor, recipient of the 1956 [[Nobel Prize for Physics]], and later professor of physics at Stanford, moved to the Palo Alto area and founded a company, [[Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory]]. The next year, [[Traitorous eight|eight of his employees]] resigned and formed a competing company, [[Fairchild Semiconductor]]. The presence of so many high-tech and semiconductor firms helped to establish Stanford and the mid-[[San Francisco Peninsula|Peninsula]] as a hotbed of innovation, eventually named [[Silicon Valley]] after the key ingredient in transistors.<ref>Gillmor, C. Stewart. Fred Terman at Stanford: Building a Discipline, a University, and Silicon Valley. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 2004. Print.</ref> Shockley and Terman are both often described as the "fathers of Silicon Valley".<ref>{{cite web |last=Tajnai |first=Carolyn |date=May 1985 |title=Fred Terman, the Father of Silicon Valley |url=http://forum.stanford.edu/carolyn/terman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211020643/http://forum.stanford.edu/carolyn/terman |archive-date=December 11, 2014 |access-date=December 10, 2014 |website=Stanford Computer Forum |publisher=Carolyn Terman |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rosenberg |first=Scott |date=July 19, 2017 |title=Silicon Valley's First Founder Was Its Worst |language=en-US |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/story/silicon-valleys-first-founder-was-its-worst/ |url-status=live |access-date=January 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901020558/https://www.wired.com/story/silicon-valleys-first-founder-was-its-worst/ |archive-date=September 1, 2019 |issn=1059-1028}}</ref><br />
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In the 1950s, [[Universities and antisemitism#Stanford|Stanford intentionally]] reduced and restricted Jewish admissions, and for decades, denied and dismissed claims from students, parents, and alumni that they were doing so.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Salahieh |first=Nouran |date=October 13, 2022 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/13/us/stanford-apology-limiting-jewish-admissions-reaj/index.html |title=Stanford University apologizes for limiting Jewish student admissions during the 1950s |publisher=CNN |access-date=October 14, 2022 |archive-date=October 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013125329/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/13/us/stanford-apology-limiting-jewish-admissions-reaj/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Stanford issued its first institutional apology to the Jewish community in 2022 after an internal task force confirmed that the university deliberately discriminated against Jewish applicants, while also misleading those who expressed concerns, including students, parents, alumni, and the [[Anti-Defamation League|ADL]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pietsch |first=Bryan |date=2022-10-13 |title=Stanford apologizes for limiting admissions of Jewish students in 1950s |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2022/10/13/stanford-jewish-students-admissions-apology/ |access-date=2023-08-11 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=June 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622044852/https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2022/10/13/stanford-jewish-students-admissions-apology/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dremann |first=Sue |date=October 14, 2022 |title=Stanford apologizes for historical bias against Jewish students |url=https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2022/10/14/stanford-apologizes-for-historical-bias-against-jewish-students |work=Palo Alto Weekly |access-date=October 3, 2023 |archive-date=October 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005022625/https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2022/10/14/stanford-apologizes-for-historical-bias-against-jewish-students |url-status=live }}</ref> Stanford was once considered a school for "the wealthy",<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wallace |first1=J. E. |date=July 3, 1985 |title=History scholar built stanford into top school |language=en-US |publisher=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1435607944 |access-date=30 January 2023 |id={{ProQuest|1435607944}}}}</ref> but controversies in later decades damaged its reputation. The 1971 [[Stanford prison experiment]] was criticized as unethical,<ref>The Belmont Report, Office of the Secretary, Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research, The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects for Biomedical and Behavioral Research, April 18, 1979</ref> and the misuse of government funds from 1981 resulted in severe penalties for the school's research funding,<ref>{{cite web |date=October 18, 1994 |title=Stanford, government agree to settle a dispute over research costs |url=http://news.stanford.edu/pr/94/941018Arc4090.html |access-date=August 22, 2014 |website=stanford.edu |publisher=News.stanford.edu |language=en-US |archive-date=April 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408204952/http://news.stanford.edu/pr/94/941018Arc4090.html }}</ref><ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news |last=Merl |first=Jean |date=July 30, 1991 |title=Stanford President, Beset by Controversies, Will Quit: Education: Donald Kennedy to step down next year. Research scandal, harassment charge plagued university. |language=en-US |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-07-30-mn-131-story.html |access-date=May 16, 2020 |archive-date=January 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119083447/http://articles.latimes.com/1991-07-30/news/mn-131_1_donald-kennedy |url-status=live }}</ref> and the resignation of President [[Donald Kennedy]] in 1992.<ref name="articles.baltimoresun.com">{{cite news |last=Folkenflik |first=David |date=November 20, 1994 |title=What Happened to Stanford's Expense Scandal? |language=en-US |newspaper=Baltimore Sun |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1994/11/20/what-happened-to-stanfords-expense-scandal/ |access-date=September 28, 2021 |archive-date=October 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020072302/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1994-11-20/news/1994324051_1_stanford-incidental-expenses-auditors |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In the 1960s, Stanford rose from a regional university to one of the most prestigious in the United States, "when it appeared on lists of the "top ten" universities in America... This swift rise to performance [was] understood at the time as related directly to the university's defense contracts..."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lowen |first=Rebecca S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e0bVC2FEoSwC&dq=stanford+prestige+early+20th+century&pg=PA7 |title=Creating the Cold War University: The Transformation of Stanford |date=July 1, 1997 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-91790-3 |edition=1st |location=US |page=7 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Wallace Sterling]] was the President from 1949 to 1968 and he oversaw the growth of Stanford from a financially troubled regional university to a financially sound, internationally recognized academic powerhouse, "the Harvard of the West".<ref name="Roxanne">Roxanne L. Nilan, and Cassius L. Kirk Jr., '' Stanford's Wallace Sterling: Portrait of a Presidency 1949–1968'' (Stanford Up, 2023),</ref> Achievements during Sterling's tenure included:<br />
*Moving the [[Stanford Medical School]] from a small, inadequate campus in San Francisco to a new facility on the Stanford campus which was fully integrated into the university to an unusual degree for medical schools.<ref name="Roxanne"/><br />
*Establishing the Stanford Industrial Park (now the [[Stanford Research Park]]) and the Stanford Shopping Center on leased University land, thus stabilizing the university's finances. The Stanford Industrial Park, together with the university's aggressive pursuit of government research grants, helped to spur the development of [[Silicon Valley]].<ref name="Roxanne"/><br />
*Increasing the number of students receiving financial aid from less than 5% when he took office to more than one-third when he retired.<ref name="Roxanne"/><br />
*Increasing the size of the student body from 8,300 to 11,300 and the size of the tenured faculty from 322 to 974.<ref name="Roxanne"/><br />
*Launching the PACE fundraising program, the largest such program ever undertaken by any university up to that time.<ref name="Roxanne"/><br />
*Launching a building boom on campus that included a new bookstore, post office, student union, dormitories, a faculty club, and many academic buildings.<ref name="Roxanne"/><br />
*Creating the Overseas Campus program for undergraduates in 1958.<ref name="Roxanne"/><br />
<br />
== Land ==<br />
[[File:View Stanford.jpg|thumb|The center of the campus]]<br />
<br />
Most of Stanford is on an {{convert|8180|acre|sqmi km2|1|adj=on}}<ref name="facts" /> campus, one of the largest in the United States.{{#tag:ref|It is often stated that Stanford has the largest contiguous campus in the world (or the United States)<ref name="virtualtour">{{cite web |url=https://web.stanford.edu/dept/visitorinfo/tours/virtual/index.html |title=Virtual Tours |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=April 2, 2014 |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612040335/https://web.stanford.edu/dept/visitorinfo/tours/virtual/index.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Keck |first=Gayle |title=Stanford: A Haven in Silicon Valley |url=http://www.gaylekeck.com/wp-content/uploads/Silicon-Valley-Story.pdf |magazine=Executive Travel Magazine |access-date=July 8, 2012 |archive-date=February 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225075804/https://www.gaylekeck.com/wp-content/uploads/Silicon-Valley-Story.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> but that depends on definitions. [[Berry College]] with over {{convert|26000|acre|sqmi km2|1}}, [[Paul Smith's College]] with {{convert|14200|acre|sqmi km2|1}}, and the [[United States Air Force Academy]] with {{convert|18500|acre|ha}} are larger but are not usually classified as [[university|universities]]. [[Duke University]] at {{convert|8610|acre|sqmi km2|1}} does have more land, but it is not contiguous. However, the [[Sewanee: The University of the South|University of the South]] has over {{convert|13000|acre|sqmi km2|1}}.|name="noteLargest"|group=note}} It is on the [[San Francisco Peninsula]], in the northwest part of the [[Santa Clara Valley]] ([[Silicon Valley]]) approximately {{convert|37|mi|round=5}} southeast of [[San Francisco]] and approximately {{convert|20|mi|round=5}} northwest of [[San Jose, California|San Jose]]. Stanford received $4.5 billion in 2006 and spent more than $2.1 billion in Santa Clara and San Mateo counties. In 2008, 60% of this land remained undeveloped.<ref>{{cite web |last=Report |first=Stanford |date=October 9, 2008 |title=University spent $2.1 billion locally in 2006, study shows |url=http://news.stanford.edu/news/2008/october15/economic-101508.html |access-date=May 11, 2014 |website=stanford.edu |language=en-US |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512213707/http://news.stanford.edu/news/2008/october15/economic-101508.html }}</ref><br />
<br />
Stanford's main campus includes a [[Stanford, California|census-designated place]] within [[unincorporated area|unincorporated]] [[Santa Clara County, California|Santa Clara County]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/DC20BLK/st06_ca/place/p0673906_stanford/DC20BLK_P0673906.pdf |title=2020 CENSUS – CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Stanford CDP, CA |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |access-date=2023-07-01 |quote=Stanford Univ |archive-date=July 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701134410/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/DC20BLK/st06_ca/place/p0673906_stanford/DC20BLK_P0673906.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> although some of the university land (such as the [[Stanford Shopping Center]] and the [[Stanford Research Park]]) is within the city limits of [[Palo Alto, California|Palo Alto]]. The campus also includes much land in unincorporated [[San Mateo County, California|San Mateo County]] (including the [[SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory]] and the [[Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve]]), as well as within the city limits of [[Menlo Park, California|Menlo Park]] (Stanford Hills neighborhood), [[Woodside, California|Woodside]], and [[Portola Valley, California|Portola Valley]].<ref name="stanford_facts_lands">{{cite web |date=2013 |title=Stanford Facts: The Stanford Lands |url=http://facts.stanford.edu/about/lands |access-date=December 20, 2013 |website=stanford.edu |publisher=Stanford University |language=en-US |archive-date=February 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224081425/https://facts.stanford.edu/about/lands/ }}</ref><br />
<br />
The central campus includes a seasonal lake ([[Lake Lagunita]], an irrigation reservoir), home to the vulnerable [[California tiger salamander]]. As of 2012, [[Lake Lagunita]] was often dry and the university had no plans to artificially fill it.<ref>{{cite web |author=Enthoven |first=Julia |date=December 5, 2012 |title=University monitors Lake Lagunita after fall storms |url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/2012/12/05/lake-lag-feels-brunt-of-adverse-weather/ |access-date=December 20, 2013 |website=stanforddaily.com |publisher=[[The Stanford Daily]] |language=en-US |archive-date=February 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210145915/https://www.stanforddaily.com/2012/12/05/lake-lag-feels-brunt-of-adverse-weather/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Heavy rains in January 2023 refilled Lake Lagunita to up to 8 feet of depth.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-09 |title=Stanford students rejoice over full Lake Lag |url=https://stanforddaily.com/2023/01/09/so-much-more-alive-stanford-students-rejoice-over-full-lake-lag/ |access-date=2023-05-29 |language=en-US |archive-date=May 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529214027/https://stanforddaily.com/2023/01/09/so-much-more-alive-stanford-students-rejoice-over-full-lake-lag/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Two other reservoirs, [[Searsville Lake]] on [[San Francisquito Creek]] and Felt Lake,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Krieger |first1=Lisa M |date=December 28, 2008 |title=Felt Lake: Muddy portal to Stanford's past |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2008/12/28/felt-lake-muddy-portal-to-stanfords-past/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |work=The Mercury News |language=en-US |archive-date=July 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710145022/https://www.mercurynews.com/2008/12/28/felt-lake-muddy-portal-to-stanfords-past/ |url-status=live }}</ref> are on more remote sections of the founding grant.<br />
{{wide image|Stanford Oval May 2011 panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|View of the main quadrangle of Stanford with Memorial Church in the center background from across the grass-covered Oval.}}<br />
<br />
=== Central campus ===<br />
The central campus is adjacent to Palo Alto,<ref name=StanfordMap>{{cite web |url=https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/files/assets/public/planning-amp-development-services/file-migration/current-planning/forms-and-guidelines/comprehensive-plan-land-use-designation-map.pdf |title=Palo Alto General Plan Update: Land Use Element |publisher=City of Palo Alto |access-date=2023-07-01 |archive-date=July 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701163337/https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/files/assets/public/planning-amp-development-services/file-migration/current-planning/forms-and-guidelines/comprehensive-plan-land-use-designation-map.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> bounded by [[El Camino Real (California)|El Camino Real]], Stanford Avenue, Junipero Serra Blvd, and [[Sand Hill Road]], off [[California State Route 82|State Route 82]]. The [[United States Postal Service]] has assigned it two [[ZIP Codes]]: 94305 for campus mail and 94309 for [[Post-office box|P.O. box]] mail. It lies within [[area code 650]].{{wide image|Stanford University Aerial View.jpg|880px|align-cap=center|An aerial view of Stanford University, featuring the campus buildings with distinctive red-tile roofs. At the center of the image is the iconic Hoover Tower.}}<br />
<br />
=== Non-central campus ===<br />
On the founding grant:<br />
*[[Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve]] is a {{convert|1200|acre|ha|adj=on}} natural reserve west of the central campus owned by the university and used by wildlife biologists for research. Researchers and students are involved in biological research. Professors can teach the importance of biological research to the biological community. The primary goal is to understand the system of the natural Earth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Preserve |url=https://jrbp.stanford.edu/about |access-date=May 1, 2022 |website=jrbp.stanford |language=en-US |archive-date=April 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429001445/http://jrbp.stanford.edu/about |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*[[SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory]] is a facility west of the central campus operated by the university for the Department of Energy. It contains the longest [[linear particle accelerator]] in the world, {{convert|2|mi|km}} on a {{convert|426|acre|ha|adj=on}} area of land.<ref>{{cite web |title=About SLAC |url=http://www6.slac.stanford.edu/AboutSLAC.aspx |access-date=April 4, 2021 |website=slac.stanford.edu |language=en-US |archive-date=July 30, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730012428/http://www6.slac.stanford.edu/AboutSLAC.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Off the founding grant:<br />
*[[Hopkins Marine Station]], in [[Pacific Grove, California|Pacific Grove]], California, is a [[marine biology]] research center owned by the university since 1892. Based on US Pacific Coast, it is one of the oldest marine laboratories. It includes 10 [[research laboratories]] and is also used for archaeological exploration purposes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Howe |first=Kevin |date=May 10, 2011 |title=Pacific Grove |url=https://www.montereyherald.com/2011/05/10/pacific-grove-to-mark-105th-anniversary-of-chinese-village-fire/ |access-date=July 19, 2021 |website=montereyherald.com |language=en-US}}</ref> A graduate student of the anthropology department discovered evidence that the location was home to a Chinese American fishing village in the early 1900s.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Julian |first=Sam |date=August 17, 2010 |title=Graduate student uncovers Hopkins' immigrant history |language=en-US |work=news.stanford |url=https://news.stanford.edu/news/2010/august/hopkins-081710.html |access-date=May 3, 2022 |archive-date=May 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519101015/https://news.stanford.edu/news/2010/august/hopkins-081710.html }}</ref><br />
*Study abroad locations: unlike typical [[Student exchange program|study abroad]] programs, Stanford itself operates in several locations around the world; thus, each location has Stanford faculty-in-residence and staff in addition to students, creating a "mini-Stanford".<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty-in-Residence: Bing Overseas Study Program |url=https://undergrad.stanford.edu/programs/bosp/teach/faculty-residence |access-date=December 20, 2013 |website=bosp.stanford.edu |language=en-US |archive-date=February 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223025249/https://undergrad.stanford.edu/programs/bosp/teach/faculty-residence |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*Redwood City campus, for outpatient medical clinic facilities and many of the university's administrative offices in [[Redwood City, California]], a few miles north of the main campus. In 2005, the university purchased a small, {{convert|35|acre|ha|adj=on}} campus in Midpoint Technology Park intended for staff offices; development was delayed by the [[Great Recession]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Falk |first=Joshua |date=July 29, 2010 |title=Redwood City campus remains undeveloped |language=en-US |publisher=The Stanford Daily |url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/2010/07/29/redwood-city-campus-remains-undeveloped/ |access-date=April 4, 2011 |archive-date=February 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210145924/https://www.stanforddaily.com/2010/07/29/redwood-city-campus-remains-undeveloped/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chesley |first1=Kate |title=Redwood City approves Stanford office building proposals |url=http://news.stanford.edu/news/2013/september/redwood-city-development-091013.html |access-date=July 27, 2014 |work=Stanford Report |publisher=Stanford University |date=September 10, 2013 |archive-date=March 31, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331015240/http://news.stanford.edu/news/2013/september/redwood-city-development-091013.html }}</ref> In 2015, the university announced a development plan,<ref name="redwood-dec2015">{{cite news |last1=Kadvany |first1=Elena |date=December 10, 2015 |title=Stanford's Redwood City campus moves closer to reality |language=en-US |agency=Palo Alto Weekly |url=http://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2015/12/10/stanfords-redwood-city-campus-moves-closer-to-reality |access-date=December 19, 2015 |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222163605/http://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2015/12/10/stanfords-redwood-city-campus-moves-closer-to-reality |url-status=live }}</ref> and the Redwood City campus opened in March 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=University |first1=Stanford |title=Stanford Redwood City campus evokes warmth of university |url=https://news.stanford.edu/2020/01/31/visited-stanford-redwood-city/ |access-date=September 19, 2020 |work=Stanford News |date=January 31, 2020 |language=en |archive-date=June 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602071559/https://news.stanford.edu/2020/01/31/visited-stanford-redwood-city/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*The Bass Center in [[Washington, D.C.]] provides a base, including housing, for the Stanford in Washington program for undergraduates.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bass Center Overview {{!}} Stanford in Washington |url=https://siw.stanford.edu/bass-center/overview |website=siw.stanford.edu |access-date=September 19, 2020 |archive-date=September 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905220812/https://siw.stanford.edu/bass-center/overview |url-status=live }}</ref> It includes a small art gallery open to the public.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Art Gallery at Stanford in Washington {{!}} Stanford in Washington |url=https://siw.stanford.edu/art-gallery/about-gallery |access-date=September 19, 2020 |website=siw.stanford.edu |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
*China: Stanford Center at Peking University, housed in the Lee Jung Sen Building, is a small center for researchers and students in collaboration with [[Peking University]].<ref name="pekingcenter">{{cite web |title=About the Center |url=http://scpku.stanford.edu/about/ |website=Stanford Center at Peking |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=July 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707043657/http://scpku.stanford.edu/about/ |archive-date=July 7, 2013}}</ref><ref name="LeeJung">{{cite web |title=The Lee Jung Sen Building |url=http://scpku.stanford.edu/building/ |website=Stanford Center at Peking University |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=July 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702083007/http://scpku.stanford.edu/building/ |archive-date=July 2, 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{wide image|Lake Lagunita Stanford January 2013 panorama 5.jpg|880px|align-cap=center|Lake Lagunita in winter; the Dish, a large radio telescope and a local landmark, is visible in the Stanford-owned foothills behind the lake and is the high point of a popular campus jogging and walking trail.}}<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
=== Faculty residences ===<br />
Many Stanford faculty members live in the "Faculty Ghetto", within walking or biking distance of campus.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stanford Faculty Staff Housing |url=http://fsh.stanford.edu/index.shtml |access-date=December 20, 2013 |archive-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029042031/https://fsh.stanford.edu/index.shtml }}</ref> The Faculty Ghetto is composed of land owned by Stanford. Similar to a [[Condominium (living space)|condominium]], the houses can be bought and sold to other Stanford faculty but the land under the houses is leased for 51 years with the possibility of extensions. Houses in the "Ghetto" appreciate and depreciate, but not as rapidly as overall [[Silicon Valley]] values.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Housing Program Changes 2022 |url=https://fsh.stanford.edu/node/15586 |access-date=March 10, 2022 |website=Stanford Login |language=en-US |archive-date=January 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129152536/https://fsh.stanford.edu/node/15586 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Other uses ===<br />
Some of the land is managed to provide revenue for the university such as the [[Stanford Shopping Center]] and the [[Stanford Research Park]]. Stanford land is also leased for a token rent by the [[Palo Alto Unified School District]] for several schools including [[Palo Alto High School]] and [[Gunn High School]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Breitrose |first1=Charlie |title=SCHOOLS: District wants Stanford land for school |url=http://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morgue/news/1998_Dec_2.LAND.html |access-date=January 24, 2016 |newspaper=Palo Alto Weekly |date=December 2, 1998 |archive-date=October 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030012814/http://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morgue/news/1998_Dec_2.LAND.html }}</ref> El Camino Park, the oldest Palo Alto city park, is also on Stanford land.<ref>{{cite web |title=El Camino Park |url=http://www.cityofpaloalto.org/news/displaynews.asp?NewsID=105&TargetID=14 |publisher=City of Palo Alto |access-date=January 24, 2016 |archive-date=February 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201061506/http://www.cityofpaloalto.org/news/displaynews.asp?NewsID=105&TargetID=14 }}</ref> Stanford also has the Stanford Golf Course,<ref>{{cite web |title=Stanford Golf Course – Stanford, CA |url=https://www.stanfordgolfcourse.com/ |website=www.stanfordgolfcourse.com |access-date=July 10, 2022 |archive-date=July 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712012306/https://www.stanfordgolfcourse.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and Stanford Red Barn Equestrian Center,<ref>{{cite web |title=Stanford Red Barn Equestrian Center {{!}} Recreation and Wellness |url=https://rec.stanford.edu/visit/stanford-red-barn-equestrian-center |access-date=July 10, 2022 |website=Stanford Red Barn Equestrian Center |language=en-US |archive-date=July 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710145024/https://rec.stanford.edu/visit/stanford-red-barn-equestrian-center |url-status=live }}</ref> used by Stanford athletics though the golf course can also be used by the general public.<br />
<br />
=== Landmarks ===<br />
Contemporary campus landmarks include the [[Main Quad (Stanford University)|Main Quad]] and [[Stanford Memorial Church|Memorial Church]], the [[Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts|Cantor Center for Visual Arts]] and the [[Bing Concert Hall]], the [[Stanford Mausoleum]] with the nearby [[Angel of Grief]], [[Hoover Tower]], the [[Auguste Rodin|Rodin]] Sculpture Garden, the [[Papua New Guinea Sculpture Garden]], the [[Arizona Cactus Garden]], the [[Stanford University Arboretum]], [[Green Library]] and [[the Dish (landmark)|the Dish]]. [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]'s 1937 [[Hanna–Honeycomb House]] and the 1919 [[Lou Henry Hoover House]] are both listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. [[White Memorial Fountain]] (also known as "The Claw") between the Stanford Bookstore and the Old Union is a popular place to meet and to engage in the Stanford custom of "fountain hopping"; it was installed in 1964 and designed by [[Aristides Demetrios]] after a national competition as a memorial for two brothers in the class of 1949, William White and John White II, one of whom died before graduating and one shortly after in 1952.<ref name="clawrestore">{{cite news |last1=Sullivan |first1=Kathleen J. |title=Machinists restoring White Memorial Fountain, aka The Claw, develop an affinity for the campus icon |url=http://news.stanford.edu/news/2010/august/restoring-the-claw-080510.html |access-date=December 11, 2016 |agency=Stanford News |date=August 5, 2010 |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220142616/http://news.stanford.edu/news/2010/august/restoring-the-claw-080510.html }}</ref><ref name="clawrestore2">{{cite news |last1=Sullivan |first1=Kathleen J. |title=Sculptor returns for update on White Plaza fountain makeover |url=http://news.stanford.edu/news/2011/june/claw-makeover-update-061011.html |access-date=December 11, 2016 |agency=Stanford News |date=June 10, 2011 |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913232934/https://news.stanford.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="dailyfountain">{{cite news |last1=Kofman |first1=Nicole |date=May 22, 2012 |title=Frolicking in fountains |language=en-US |work=Stanford Daily |url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/2012/05/22/frolicking-in-fountains/ |access-date=December 11, 2016 |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913232935/https://stanforddaily.com/2012/05/22/frolicking-in-fountains/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="dailywhites">{{cite news |last1=Steffen |first1=Nancy L. |title=The Claw: White Plaza Dedication |url=http://stanforddailyarchive.com/cgi-bin/stanford?a=d&d=stanford19640520-01.2.12 |access-date=December 11, 2016 |work=Stanford Daily |date=May 20, 1964 |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220092032/http://stanforddailyarchive.com/cgi-bin/stanford?a=d&d=stanford19640520-01.2.12 |url-status=live }} Has information on the White brothers that slightly corrects some of the facts in other articles.</ref><gallery mode="packed"><br />
File:Stanford Memorial Church Interior 2.jpg|Interior of the [[Stanford Memorial Church]] at the center of the Main Quad<br />
File:Stanford University Hoover Tower.JPG|[[Hoover Tower]], at {{convert|285|ft|m}}, the tallest building on campus<br />
File:Stanstadium view.jpg|The new [[Stanford Stadium]], site of home football games<br />
File:Stanford University Arches with Memorial Church in the background.jpg|Stanford Quad with Memorial Church in the background<br />
File:The Dish, Stanford University.jpg|[[The Dish (landmark)|The Dish]], a {{convert|150|ft|m}} diameter radio telescope on the Stanford foothills overlooking the main campus<br />
File:Claw Fountain at Stanford Univerisity.JPG|[[White Memorial Fountain]] (The Claw)<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Administration and organization ==<br />
Stanford is a private, non-profit university administered as a [[corporate trust]] governed by a privately appointed [[board of trustees]] with a maximum membership of 38.<ref name="stanford_facts_admin">{{cite web |date=May 2, 2018 |title=Stanford Facts: Administration & Finances |url=http://facts.stanford.edu/administration |access-date=June 13, 2018 |website=facts.stanford.edu |publisher=Stanford University |language=en-US |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913232940/https://facts.stanford.edu/administration/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{refn|group=note|The rules governing the board have changed over time. The original 24 trustees were appointed for life in 1885 by the Stanfords, as were some of the subsequent replacements. In 1899 Jane Stanford changed the maximum number of trustees from 24 to 15 and set the term of office to 10 years. On June 1, 1903, she resigned her powers as founder and the board took on its full powers. In the 1950s, the board decided that its fifteen members were not sufficient to do all the work needed and in March 1954 petitioned the courts to raise the maximum number to 23, of whom 20 would be regular trustees serving 10-year terms and 3 would be alumni trustees serving 5-year terms. In 1970 another petition was successfully made to have the number raised to a maximum of 35 (with a minimum of 25), that all trustees would be regular trustees, and that the university president would be a trustee ''ex officio''.<ref name="FoundingGrant" /> The last original trustee, [[Timothy Hopkins]], died in 1936; the last life trustee, Joseph D. Grant (appointed in 1891), died in 1942.<ref name="jdgrant">{{cite web |title=Joseph D. Grant House – Parks and Recreation – County of Santa Clara |url=https://www.sccgov.org/sites/parks/Activities/Cultural-Venues/Pages/JDGrantHouse.aspx |website=www.sccgov.org |access-date=October 30, 2019 |archive-date=October 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030033909/https://www.sccgov.org/sites/parks/Activities/Cultural-Venues/Pages/JDGrantHouse.aspx }} Joseph D. Grant County Park (Santa Clara) is named for him.</ref>|name=noteTrustees}} Trustees serve five-year terms (not more than two consecutive terms) and meet five times annually.<ref>{{cite web |title=University Governance and Organization |url=http://exploredegrees.stanford.edu/universitygovernanceandorganization/#boardoftrusteestext |access-date=December 20, 2013 |website=bulletin.stanford.edu |publisher=Stanford University |language=en-US |archive-date=December 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220163004/http://exploredegrees.stanford.edu/universitygovernanceandorganization/#boardoftrusteestext |url-status=live }}</ref> A new trustee is chosen by the current trustees by ballot.<ref name="FoundingGrant">{{cite web |url=https://wasc.stanford.edu/system/files/FoundingGrant_1.pdf |title=Stanford University – The Founding Grant with Amendments, Legislation, and Court Decrees |publisher=Stanford University |year=1987 |access-date=December 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120104455/https://wasc.stanford.edu/system/files/FoundingGrant_1.pdf |archive-date=January 20, 2013}}</ref> The Stanford trustees also oversee the [[Stanford Research Park]], the [[Stanford Shopping Center]], the [[Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts|Cantor Center for Visual Arts]], [[Stanford University Medical Center]], and many associated medical facilities (including the [[Lucile Packard Children's Hospital]]).<ref name="FG facts">{{cite web |url=http://www.stanford.edu/about/facts/finances.html |title=Stanford University Facts—Finances and Governance |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=November 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081115042016/http://www.stanford.edu/about/facts/finances.html |archive-date=November 15, 2008}}</ref><br />
<br />
The board appoints a president to serve as the chief executive officer of the university, to prescribe the duties of professors and course of study, to manage financial and business affairs, and to appoint nine vice presidents.<ref>{{cite web |title=University Governance and Organization |url=http://exploredegrees.stanford.edu/universitygovernanceandorganization/#presidenttext |access-date=December 20, 2013 |website=bulletin.stanford.edu |publisher=Stanford University |language=en-US |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913232942/https://bulletin.stanford.edu/404#presidenttext |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Richard Saller]] became the interim president in September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-01 |title=Biography |url=https://president.stanford.edu/biography/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005022625/https://president.stanford.edu/biography/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On April 4, 2024, the board of trustees announced that [[Jonathan Levin (economist)|Jonathan Levin]] would become the thirteenth president on August 1, 2024.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.stanford.edu/report/2024/04/04/stanford-alum-business-school-dean-jonathan-levin-named-stanford-president/|title=Stanford alum, business school dean Jonathan Levin named Stanford president|publisher=Stanford University|date=April 4, 2024|access-date=April 6, 2024|archive-date=April 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406074413/https://news.stanford.edu/report/2024/04/04/stanford-alum-business-school-dean-jonathan-levin-named-stanford-president/|url-status=live}}</ref> The provost is the chief academic and budget officer, to whom the deans of each of the seven schools report.<ref name="aboutprovost">{{cite web |title=About the Provost |url=https://provost.stanford.edu/about-the-provost/ |website=Office of the Provost |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=February 7, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=February 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206235151/http://provost.stanford.edu/about-the-provost/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About the Office {{!}} Office of the Provost |url=https://provost.stanford.edu/about-the-office/ |access-date=June 23, 2018 |website=Provost Stanford |publisher=Stanford University |language=en-US |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913232942/https://provost.stanford.edu/about-the-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Jenny Martinez]] became the fourteenth provost in October 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-23 |title=Jenny S. Martinez appointed Stanford provost |url=https://news.stanford.edu/report/2023/08/23/jenny-s-martinez-appointed-stanford-provost/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |language=en-US |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913233025/https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2023/08/jenny-s-martinez-appointed-stanford-provost |url-status=live }}</ref> The university is organized into seven academic schools.<ref name="seven-schools">{{cite web |title=Stanford's Seven Schools |url=https://www.stanford.edu/academics/schools/ |access-date=May 29, 2018 |website=Stanford University |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
The schools of [[Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences|Humanities and Sciences]] (twenty-seven departments),<ref name="bulletin-hs">{{cite web |title=School of Humanities and Sciences {{!}} Stanford University |url=http://exploredegrees.stanford.edu/schoolofhumanitiesandsciences/ |access-date=May 29, 2018 |website=exploredegrees.stanford.edu |language=en |archive-date=June 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180606054923/http://exploredegrees.stanford.edu/schoolofhumanitiesandsciences/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Stanford University School of Engineering|Engineering]] (nine departments),<ref name="bulletin-engineering">{{cite web |title=School of Engineering {{!}} Stanford University |url=http://exploredegrees.stanford.edu/schoolofengineering/ |access-date=May 29, 2018 |publisher=exploredegrees.stanford.edu |language=en-US |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913232944/https://bulletin.stanford.edu/pages/w34NFUmejruFXc9pkZZd |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability|Sustainability]] (nine departments)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bulletin.stanford.edu/pages/8mcCNkWH0chPAJwAHNnU |title=Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability |work=Stanford Bulletin |access-date=13 June 2023}}</ref> have both graduate and undergraduate programs while the Schools of [[Stanford Law School|Law]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Law |url=https://law.stanford.edu/ |access-date=March 25, 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=July 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729125135/https://law.stanford.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Stanford University School of Medicine|Medicine]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Medicine |url=https://med.stanford.edu/ |access-date=March 21, 2022}}</ref> [[Stanford University Graduate School of Education|Education]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Education |url=https://ed.stanford.edu/ |access-date=March 15, 2022 |website=Stanford Graduate School of Education |language=en-US |archive-date=March 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318092521/https://ed.stanford.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Stanford Graduate School of Business|Business]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Business |url=http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/ |access-date=March 29, 2022 |website=Stanford Graduate School of Business |language=en-US |archive-date=September 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915213559/http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> have graduate programs only. The powers and authority of the faculty are vested in the Academic Council, which is made up of tenure and non-tenure line faculty, research faculty, senior fellows in some policy centers and institutes, the president of the university, and some other academic administrators.<ref name="academic_council">{{cite web |title=Stanford Faculty Handbook Chapter 2: Appointments, Reappointments and Promotions in the Professoriate |url=https://facultyhandbook.stanford.edu/index/chapter-2-appointments-reappointments-and-promotions-professoriate | publisher=Stanford University | access-date=October 19, 2024}}</ref> But most matters are handled by the Faculty Senate, made up of 54 elected representatives of the faculty for 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Faculty Senate – University Governance and Organization |url=https://facultysenate.stanford.edu/ |access-date=February 10, 2022 |website=facultysenate.stanford.edu |publisher=Stanford University |language=en-US |archive-date=February 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207183710/https://facultysenate.stanford.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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The Associated Students of Stanford University (ASSU) is the student government for Stanford and all registered students are members. Its elected leadership consists of the Undergraduate Senate elected by the undergraduate students, the Graduate Student Council elected by the graduate students, and the President and Vice President elected as a [[Ticket (election)|ticket]] by the entire student body.<ref>{{cite web |title=University Governance and Organization |url=http://exploredegrees.stanford.edu/universitygovernanceandorganization/#assutext |access-date=December 20, 2013 |website=bulletin.stanford.edu |publisher=Stanford University |language=en-US |archive-date=December 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220163004/http://exploredegrees.stanford.edu/universitygovernanceandorganization/#assutext |url-status=live }}</ref> Stanford is the beneficiary of a special clause in the [[California Constitution]], which explicitly exempts Stanford property from taxation so long as the property is used for educational purposes.<ref>{{Cite book |first1=Joseph R. |last1=Grodin |first2=Calvin R. |last2=Massey |first3=Richard B. |last3=Cunningham |title=The California State Constitution: A Reference Guide |location=Westport, Connecticut |page=311 |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=1993 |isbn=0-313-27228-X |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NKa8xj8wgYUC&pg=PA311}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Endowment, assets, and donations ===<br />
{{Main|Stanford University endowment}}<br />
<br />
Stanford's endowment includes real estate and other investments valued at $36.5 billion as of August 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |date=2023-08-31 |title=FAQ |url=https://smc.stanford.edu/faq/ |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=Investment Office of Stanford Management Company |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706072421/https://smc.stanford.edu/faq/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and is one of the four [[List of colleges and universities in the United States by endowment|largest academic endowments]] in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=Sarah |date=2023-10-02 |title=15 National Universities With the Biggest Endowments |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/the-short-list-college/articles/10-universities-with-the-biggest-endowments |access-date=July 3, 2024 |archive-date=July 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720170959/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/the-short-list-college/articles/10-universities-with-the-biggest-endowments |url-status=live }}</ref> The endowment consists of $29.9 billion in a merged pool of assets and $6.6 billion of real estate near the main campus. Stanford is the largest landowner in the Silicon Valley<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Stock |first1=Stephen |last2=Villarreal |first2=Mark |last3=Myers |first3=Sean |last4=Nious • |first4=Kevin |date=2019-11-01 |title=Who Owns Silicon Valley: Stanford? |url=https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/who-owns-silicon-valley-stanford/2061716/ |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=NBC Bay Area |language=en-US |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913233505/https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/who-owns-silicon-valley-stanford/2061716/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Payouts from the endowment covered approximately 22% of university expenses in the 2023 fiscal year.<ref name="2023FinRep">As of August 31, 2023. {{cite web |url=https://news.stanford.edu/2023/10/12/stanford-university-reports-return-investment-portfolio-value-endowment-2/ |title=Stanford University reports return on investment portfolio, value of endowment |date=October 12, 2023 |access-date=October 12, 2023 |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913233507/https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2023/10/stanford-university-reports-return-investment-portfolio-value-endowment-2 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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Since inception, the university has been the beneficiary of large donations. The endowment began in 1885, six years before the opening of the university, when Leland Stanford and his wife Jane conveyed approximately $20 million to the university.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Stanford University {{!}} Bondholder Information |url=https://bondholder-information.stanford.edu/about/about-stanford-university |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=bondholder-information.stanford.edu |language=en |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913233606/https://bondholder-information.stanford.edu/about/about-stanford-university |url-status=live }}</ref> The university's pioneering of technology intellectual property transfer created both direct investments and enabled a unique pipeline of mega-donors<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liang |first1=Weixin |last2=Elrod |first2=Scott |last3=McFarland |first3=Daniel A. |last4=Zou |first4=James |date=2022-09-09 |title=Systematic analysis of 50 years of Stanford University technology transfer and commercialization |journal=Patterns |volume=3 |issue=9 |article-number=100584 |doi=10.1016/j.patter.2022.100584 |doi-access=free |pmid=36124300 |issn=2666-3899|pmc=9481953 }}</ref> including from alumni-founded companies with [[Google]] ([[Sergey Brin]] and [[Larry Page]]), [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] ([[Phil Knight]]),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Berman |first=Jillian |date=2016-02-24 |title=Nike's Phil Knight explains why he gave Stanford $400 million |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/nike-ceo-phil-knight-explains-why-he-gave-stanford-400-million-2016-02-24 |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=[[MarketWatch]] |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202215055/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/nike-ceo-phil-knight-explains-why-he-gave-stanford-400-million-2016-02-24 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Hewlett-Packard]] ([[David Packard]] and [[Bill Hewlett]]),<ref>{{Cite web |last=magazine |first=STANFORD |date=2001-03-01 |title=Father Figure |url=https://stanfordmag.org/contents/father-figure |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=stanfordmag.org |language=en |archive-date=July 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730044825/https://stanfordmag.org/contents/father-figure |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Sun Microsystems]] ([[Vinod Khosla|Vinod Kohsla]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanford Donors Accelerate COVID-19 Research and Drug Trials |url=https://medicalgiving.stanford.edu/why-giving-matters/Stanford-donors-accelerate-COVID-19-research-and-drug-trials.html |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=Medical Center Development |language=en-US |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913233507/https://medicalgiving.stanford.edu/why-giving-matters/Stanford-donors-accelerate-COVID-19-research-and-drug-trials.html |url-status=live }}</ref> as examples. Further, the university's global reputation<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 10 Technology Research Universities in the World: Cpst.org |url=http://www.cpst.org/10-technology-research-universities.html |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=www.cpst.org |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913233531/http://www.cpst.org/10-technology-research-universities.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and continued leadership in technology<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ewalt |first=David |date=2019-10-23 |title=Most Innovative Universities in the world 2019 |url=https://www.reuters.com/graphics/AMERS-REUTERS%20RANKING-INNOVATIVE-UNIVERSITIES/0100B2JP1W1/index.html |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=Reuters |archive-date=May 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516183044/https://www.reuters.com/graphics/AMERS-REUTERS%20RANKING-INNOVATIVE-UNIVERSITIES/0100B2JP1W1/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> has attracted large donations from prominent figures such as the co-founder of [[Netscape]] ([[James H. Clark|Jim Clark]]),<ref>{{cite web |title=Jim Clark's $150 Million Gift to Stanford University |url=https://news.stanford.edu/2001/07/30/clarkgift |work=Stanford News Service }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> founder of [[SAP|SAP SE]] ([[Hasso Plattner]]),<ref>{{Cite news |date=2005-10-03 |title=SAP founder gives $35 million for Stanford D-School |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2005-10-02/sap-founder-gives-35-million-for-stanford-d-school |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en }}</ref> co-founder of [[Andreessen Horowitz]] ([[Marc Andreessen]] and [[Laura Arrillaga-Andreessen|Laura Arillaga-Andreessen]]),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Clark |first=Don |date=2013-06-28 |title=Silicon Valley Donor Gives Big Again to Stanford |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-DGB-27480 |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |archive-date=December 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205154008/https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-DGB-27480 |url-status=live }}</ref> chairman of [[Kleiner Perkins]] ([[John Doerr]] and his wife Ann).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gelles |first=David |date=2022-05-04 |title=Stanford Gets $1.1 Billion for New Climate School From John Doerr |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/04/climate/john-doerr-stanford-climate.html |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=June 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626094926/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/04/climate/john-doerr-stanford-climate.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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[[File:The-Golden-Spike-7Oct2012.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.56|The original [[Golden spike]] on display at the Cantor Arts Center at Stanford University]]<br />
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== Academics Notable Programs ==<br />
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Stanford University is renowned for its exceptional programs in Computer Science, Business, Law, and Medicine. The university's School of Engineering includes a top-ranked Computer Science department, while the Graduate School of Business, Law School, and School of Medicine are consistently ranked among the best in the nation.<br />
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=== Admissions ===<br />
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{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:85%; margin:10px"<br />
! colspan="10" |First-time fall freshman statistics<br />
|-<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanford University Common Data Set 2021–2022 |date=<!--Undated--> |publisher=Stanford Office of Institutional Research and Decision Support |url=https://ucomm.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2022/01/stanford_cds_2021_2022.pdf |access-date=March 20, 2022 |quote=For common datasets from 2008–present, see ucomm.stanford.edu/cds/ |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126031724/https://ucomm.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2022/01/stanford_cds_2021_2022.pdf }}</ref><br />
!2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanford University Common Data Set 2020–2021 |date=<!--Undated--> |publisher=Stanford Office of Institutional Research and Decision Support |url=https://ucomm.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2021/06/stanford_cds_2020_2021_v5.pdf |access-date=August 20, 2021 |quote=For common datasets from 2008–present, see ucomm.stanford.edu/cds/ |archive-date=August 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827203554/https://ucomm.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2021/06/stanford_cds_2020_2021_v5.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
!2019<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=<!--Undated--> |title=Stanford University Common Data Set 2019–2020 |url=https://ucomm.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2019/12/stanford-cds-2019.pdf |access-date=August 20, 2021 |publisher=Stanford Office of Institutional Research and Decision Support |language=en-US |quote=For common datasets from 2008–present, see ucomm.stanford.edu/cds/ |archive-date=October 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018233630/https://ucomm.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2019/12/stanford-cds-2019.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
!2018<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanford University Common Data Set 2018–2019 |date=<!--Undated--> |publisher=Stanford Office of Institutional Research and Decision Support |url=https://ucomm.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2019/01/stanford-cds-2018.pdf |access-date=August 20, 2021 |quote=For common datasets from 2008–present, see ucomm.stanford.edu/cds/ |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913233507/https://ucomm.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2019/01/stanford-cds-2018.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
!2017<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanford University Common Data Set 2017–2018 |date=<!--Undated--> |publisher=Stanford Office of Institutional Research and Decision Support |url=https://ucomm.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2018/06/stanford-cds-2017.pdf |access-date=August 20, 2021 |quote=For common datasets from 2008–present, see ucomm.stanford.edu/cds/ |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913233507/https://ucomm.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2018/06/stanford-cds-2017.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
!Applicants<br />
|55,471<br />
|45,227<br />
|47,498<br />
|47,452<br />
|44,073<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
!Admits<br />
|2,190<br />
|2,349<br />
|2,062<br />
|2,071<br />
|2,085<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
!Admit rate<br />
|3.9%<br />
|5.19%<br />
|4.34%<br />
|4.36%<br />
|4.73%<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
!Enrolled<br />
|1,757<br />
|1,607<br />
|1,701<br />
|1,697<br />
|1,703<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
![[Yield (college admissions)|Yield]]<br />
|80.23%<br />
|68.41%<br />
|82.49%<br />
|81.94%<br />
|81.68%<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
!SAT range<br />
|1420–1570<br />
|1420–1550<br />
|1440–1550<br />
|1420–1570<br />
|1390–1540<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
!ACT range<br />
|32–35<br />
|31–35<br />
|32–35<br />
|32–35<br />
|32–35<br />
|}<br />
Stanford is considered by ''[[U.S. News & World Report|US News]]'' to be 'most selective' with an acceptance rate of 4%, one of the lowest<br />
among US universities. Half of the applicants accepted to Stanford have an [[SAT]] score between 1440 and 1570 or an [[ACT (test)|ACT]] score between 32 and 35, typically with a GPA of 3.94 or higher. Admissions officials consider a student's [[Grading in education|grade point average]] to be an important academic factor, with emphasis on an applicant's high school class rank and letters of recommendation.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Stanford University |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/stanford-university-1305/applying |access-date=February 3, 2021 |website=[[US News]] |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913234021/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/stanford-university-1305/applying |url-status=live }}</ref> In terms of non-academic materials as of 2019, Stanford ranks extracurricular activities, talent/ability and character/personal qualities as 'very important' in making first-time, first-year admission decisions, while ranking the interview, whether the applicant is a first-generation university applicant, [[legacy preferences]], volunteer work and work experience as 'considered'.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-31 |title=Frosh of '28 admitted to the Farm |url=https://stanforddaily.com/2024/03/31/frosh-of-28-admitted-to-the-farm/ |access-date=2024-06-03 |language=en-US |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913234012/https://stanforddaily.com/2024/03/31/frosh-of-28-admitted-to-the-farm/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Of those students accepted to Stanford's Class of 2026, 1,736 chose to attend, of which 21% were first-generation college students.<br />
<br />
Stanford's admission process is [[Need-blind admission|need-blind]] for U.S. citizens and permanent residents;<ref>{{cite web |title=Undergraduate Basics |url=https://financialaid.stanford.edu/undergrad/ |website=Financial Aid |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=4 May 2023 |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504072114/https://financialaid.stanford.edu/undergrad/ |url-status=live }}</ref> while it is not need-blind for international students, 64% are on need-based aid, with an average aid package of $31,411.<ref name="CDS">{{cite web |title=Stanford Common Data Set 2019–2020 |url=https://ucomm.stanford.edu/cds/ |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=May 10, 2020 |archive-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430215002/https://ucomm.stanford.edu/cds/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2012, the university awarded $126 million in need-based financial aid to 3,485 students, with an average aid package of $40,460.<ref name="CDS" /> Eighty percent of students receive some form of financial aid.<ref name="CDS" /> Stanford has a no-loan policy.<ref name="CDS" /> For undergraduates admitted starting in 2015, Stanford waives tuition, room, and board for most families with incomes below $65,000, and most families with incomes below $125,000 are not required to pay tuition; those with incomes up to $150,000 may have tuition significantly reduced.<ref name="FA">{{cite news |url=http://news.stanford.edu/news/2015/march/new-admits-finaid-032715.html |title=Stanford offers admission to 2,144 students, expands financial aid program |date=March 27, 2015 |agency=Stanford News |access-date=May 2, 2015 |archive-date=May 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501201610/http://news.stanford.edu/news/2015/march/new-admits-finaid-032715.html }}</ref> Seventeen percent of students receive [[Pell Grant]]s,<ref name="CDS" /> a common measure of low-income students at a college. In 2022, Stanford started its first dual-enrollment computer science program for high school students from low-income communities,<ref name="SRT">{{cite news |url=https://news.stanford.edu/report/2022/01/26/high-school-students-welcomed-stanford-family/ |title=High school students welcomed to the Stanford family |date=January 26, 2022 |agency=Stanford Report |access-date=September 18, 2022 |archive-date=September 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916163659/https://news.stanford.edu/report/2022/01/26/high-school-students-welcomed-stanford-family/ |url-status=live }}</ref> as a pilot project which then inspired the founding of the Qualia Global Scholars Program.<ref>{{cite web |author=Sha |first=Brian |date=April 10, 2022 |title=What I learned teaching a Stanford computer science class to high school students |url=https://stanforddaily.com/2022/04/10/what-i-learned-teaching-a-stanford-computer-science-class-to-high-school-students/ |access-date=September 18, 2022 |website=stanforddaily.com |publisher=[[The Stanford Daily]] |language=en-US |archive-date=September 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172236/https://stanforddaily.com/2022/04/10/what-i-learned-teaching-a-stanford-computer-science-class-to-high-school-students/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Stanford plans to expand the program to include courses in Structured Liberal Education and writing.<ref name="SRT" /><br />
<br />
=== Teaching and learning ===<br />
Stanford follows a quarter system with the autumn quarter usually beginning in late September and the spring quarter ending in mid-June.<ref name="Carnegie">{{cite web |title=Carnegie Classifications—Stanford University |url=http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=243744 |access-date=January 22, 2014 |publisher=Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching |language=en-US |archive-date=June 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603125240/http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=243744 |url-status=live }}</ref> The full-time, four-year undergraduate program has arts and sciences focus with high graduate student coexistence.<ref name="Carnegie" /> Stanford is accredited by the [[Western Association of Schools and Colleges]] with the latest review in 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Accreditation |url=https://wasc.stanford.edu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210223841/https://wasc.stanford.edu/ |archive-date=February 10, 2021 |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=wasc.stanford.edu |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Research centers and institutes ===<br />
{{Main|Stanford University centers and institutes}}<br />
<br />
Stanford is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity."<ref name="Carnegie"/> The university's research expenditure in fiscal years of 2021/22 was $1.82 billion and the total number of sponsored projects was 7,900.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stanford Facts |url=https://facts.stanford.edu/ |website=stanford.edu |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=January 22, 2022 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120020326/https://facts.stanford.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> By 2016, the Office of the Vice Provost and Dean of Research oversaw [[Stanford University centers and institutes|eighteen independent laboratories, centers, and institutes]]. [[Kathryn Moler|Kathryn Ann Moler]] is the key person for leading those research centers for choosing problems, faculty members, and students. Funding is also provided for undergraduate and graduate students by those labs, centers, and institutes for collaborative research.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://doresearch.stanford.edu/node/1200502 |title=Interdisciplinary Laboratories, Centers, and Institutes |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=October 27, 2016 |archive-date=October 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027192357/https://doresearch.stanford.edu/node/1200502 |url-status=live }}</ref> Other Stanford-affiliated institutions include the [[SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory]] (originally the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center), the [[Stanford Research Institute]] (an independent institution which originated at the university), the [[Hoover Institution]] (a conservative [[think tank]]),<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019 |title=Former Defense Secretary Jim Mattis to Return to Hoover Institution |work=U.S. News |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2019-03-19/former-defense-secretary-jim-mattis-to-return-to-hoover-institution |access-date=November 16, 2020 |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913234022/https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2019-03-19/former-defense-secretary-jim-mattis-to-return-to-hoover-institution |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Hasso Plattner Institute of Design]] (a multidisciplinary design school in cooperation with the [[Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering|Hasso Plattner Institute]] of [[University of Potsdam]] that integrates product design, engineering, and business management education).<br />
[[File:Hoover Tower Stanford January 2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Hoover Tower, inspired by the cathedral tower at [[Salamanca]] in Spain]]<br />
Stanford is home to the [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] Research and Education Institute, which grew out of and still contains the Martin Luther King Jr. Papers Project, a collaboration with the [[King Center for Nonviolent Social Change|King Center]] to publish the King papers held by the King Center.<ref>{{cite web |title=The King Papers Project |date=June 11, 2014 |url=http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/kingpapers/index/ |publisher=The Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute |access-date=August 4, 2012 |archive-date=March 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315034339/http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/kingpapers/index }}</ref> It also runs the [[John S. Knight Fellowships for Professional Journalists|John S. Knight Fellowship for Professional Journalists]] and the Center for Ocean Solutions, which brings together marine science and policy to address challenges facing the ocean. It focuses on five points: climate change, overfishing, coastal development, pollution, and plastics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://woods.stanford.edu/research/centers-programs/center-ocean-solutions |title=Center for Ocean Solutions |publisher=Stanford Woods |access-date=April 16, 2014 |archive-date=September 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911084001/https://woods.stanford.edu/research/centers-programs/center-ocean-solutions }}</ref> Together with [[UC Berkeley]] and [[UC San Francisco]], Stanford is part of the [[Biohub]], a new medical science research center founded in 2016 by a $600 million commitment from Facebook CEO and founder [[Mark Zuckerberg]] and pediatrician [[Priscilla Chan]]. This medical research center is working for designing advanced-level health care units.<ref>{{Cite news |title=CNN Business News |work=CNN |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/21/technology/chan-zuckerberg-initiative-3-billion-health-disease/index.html |access-date=March 10, 2022 |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913234015/https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/21/technology/chan-zuckerberg-initiative-3-billion-health-disease/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Libraries and digital resources ===<br />
[[File:Stanford University Green Library Bing Wing.jpg|thumb|right|[[Green Library]]]]<br />
{{Main|Stanford University Libraries}}<br />
<br />
By 2014, [[Stanford University Libraries]] (SUL) had twenty-four libraries in total. The [[Hoover Institution Library and Archives]] is a research center based on history of 20th-century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hoover Institution Library and Archives |url=https://www.hoover.org/library-archives |access-date=May 19, 2022 |archive-date=February 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227103001/https://www.hoover.org/library-archives |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Stanford University Libraries]] (SUL) held a collection of more than 9.3 million volumes, nearly 300,000 rare or special books, 1.5 million e-books, 2.5 million audiovisual materials, 77,000 serials, nearly 6 million microform holdings, and thousands of other digital resources.<ref name="stanford_facts_SULAIR">{{cite web |url=http://facts.stanford.edu/research/libraries |publisher=Stanford University |date=2014 |title=Stanford Facts: Stanford Libraries |access-date=December 11, 2014 |archive-date=February 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223025359/https://facts.stanford.edu/research/libraries/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Books, media, & more |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/ |access-date=May 19, 2022 |archive-date=May 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517191438/https://searchworks.stanford.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The main library in the SU library system is the [[Cecil H. Green Library|Green Library]], which also contains various meeting and conference rooms, study spaces, and reading rooms. [[Lathrop Library]] (previously [[Meyer Library]], demolished in 2015), holds various student-accessible media resources and houses one of the largest [[East Asia]] collections with 540,000 volumes. [[Stanford University Press]], founded in 1892, published about 130 books per year has printed more than 3,000 books.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Books |url=https://www.sup.org/books/ |access-date=May 19, 2022 |archive-date=May 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519124154/https://www.sup.org/books/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It also has fifteen subject areas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanford University Press (SUP) |url=https://www.sup.org/ |access-date=April 11, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407190842/https://www.sup.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Online encyclopedia ====<br />
{{main|Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}<br />
<br />
The ''[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]'' is a leading [[online encyclopedia]] and academic resource on the subject of [[philosophy]], published and maintained by the university. The encyclopedia was founded by Stanford senior researcher [[Edward Zalta]] in 1995.<ref name=Zalta>{{Cite journal|last=Zalta|first=Edward|date=2006-09-01|title=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: A university/library partnership in support of scholarly communication and open access|journal=College & Research Libraries News|volume=67|issue=8|pages=502–504|doi=10.5860/crln.67.8.7670|issn=2150-6698|url=http://crln.acrl.org/index.php/crlnews/article/download/7670/7670|doi-access=free}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Arts ===<br />
[[File:Les-bourgeois-de-Calais.jpg|thumb|left|Bronze statues by [[Auguste Rodin]] are scattered throughout the campus, including these ''[[The Burghers of Calais|Burghers of Calais]]'']]<br />
<br />
Stanford is home to the [[Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts|Cantor Center for Visual Arts]], a museum established with the help of art collector [[B. Gerald Cantor]]. It today consists of twenty-four galleries, sculpture gardens, terraces, and a courtyard first established in 1891 by Jane and Leland Stanford as a memorial to their only child. The university's collection of works by [[Auguste Rodin]] is among the largest in the world,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://museum.stanford.edu/view/rodin.html |title=Rodin! The Complete Stanford Collection |publisher=Cantor Arts Center |access-date=April 16, 2014 |archive-date=May 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513153638/http://museum.stanford.edu/view/rodin.html |url-status=live }}</ref> with as many as 200 sculptures at the Cantor Center alone. These include an original bronze cast of ''[[The Thinker]]'' granted residence at Stanford by Cantor in 1988, with the university expected to attain full ownership sometime in the future. The Stanford ''Thinker'' has been loaned for viewing around the world and features across the university's iconography and culture,<ref>[https://stanforddaily.com/2012/01/24/rodins-iconic-sculpture-the-thinker-returns-to-stanford/ "Rodin's iconic sculpture, 'The Thinker,' returns to Stanford"] ''The Stanford Daily'', 24 January 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2024.</ref><ref>[https://stanfordmag.org/contents/hmmm-where-did-he-go "Hmmm . . . Where Did He Go?"] ''Stanford Magazine'', April 2002. Retrieved 2024.</ref> including the logo of the ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy.''<br />
<br />
The [[Thomas Welton Stanford]] Gallery, which was built in 1917, serves as a teaching resource for the Department of Art & Art History as well as an exhibition venue. In 2014, Stanford opened the Anderson Collection, a new museum focused on postwar American art and founded by the donation of 121 works by food service moguls Mary and [[Harry W. Anderson|Harry Anderson]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Drohojowska-Philp |first=Hunter |title=Stanford's Anderson Collection museum to feature trove of couple's art |location=[[Atherton, CA]] |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=July 11, 2014 |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/la-et-cm-ca-hunk-moo-stanford-anderson-collection-20140713-story.html |access-date=May 10, 2020 |archive-date=August 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807082042/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/la-et-cm-ca-hunk-moo-stanford-anderson-collection-20140713-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Whiting |first=Sam |title=Anderson Collection pieces lock in a home at Stanford |date=September 12, 2014 |publisher=SFGate |url=https://www.sfgate.com/art/article/Anderson-Collection-pieces-lock-in-a-home-at-5747113.php |access-date=May 10, 2020 |archive-date=August 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807090027/https://www.sfgate.com/art/article/Anderson-Collection-pieces-lock-in-a-home-at-5747113.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Teicholz |first=Tom |date=December 28, 2018 |title=The Museum of Hunk, Moo & Putter: The Anderson Collection at Stanford will Rock You |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomteicholz/2018/12/28/the-museum-of-hunk-moo-putter-the-anderson-collection-at-stanford-will-rock-you/#415d93fb1408 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807092922/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomteicholz/2018/12/28/the-museum-of-hunk-moo-putter-the-anderson-collection-at-stanford-will-rock-you/#415d93fb1408 |archive-date=August 7, 2020 |access-date=May 10, 2020 |newspaper=[[Forbes]] |language=en-US}}</ref> There are outdoor art installations throughout the campus, primarily sculptures, but some murals as well. The Papua New Guinea Sculpture Garden near Roble Hall features wood carvings and "[[totem pole]]s".<br />
<br />
The Stanford music department sponsors many ensembles, including five choirs, the Stanford Symphony Orchestra, [[Stanford Taiko]], and the Stanford Wind Ensemble. Extracurricular activities include theater groups such as Ram's Head Theatrical Society, the Stanford Improvisors,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Stanford Improvisors |url=http://stanfordimprovisors.com/ |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Stanford.edu |archive-date=March 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320045339/https://www.stanfordimprovisors.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the Stanford Shakespeare Company, and the Stanford Savoyards, a group dedicated to performing the works of [[Gilbert and Sullivan]]. Stanford is also host to [[List of Stanford University a cappella groups|ten ''a cappella'' groups]], including the [[Stanford Mendicants|Mendicants]] (Stanford's first),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stanfordmendicants.com/ |title=About the Mendicants |access-date=July 22, 2012 |archive-date=February 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223025408/https://www.stanfordmendicants.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Stanford Counterpoint|Counterpoint]] (the first all-female group on the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]]),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/Counterpoint/ |title=About Counterpoint |access-date=July 22, 2012 |archive-date=July 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701024619/http://web.stanford.edu/group/Counterpoint/ }}</ref> [[Stanford Harmonics|the Harmonics]], the [[Stanford Fleet Street Singers]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fleetstreet.com/about |title=About Fleet Street |access-date=August 29, 2017 |archive-date=August 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830104314/https://www.fleetstreet.com/about }} Because Fleet Street maintains Stanford songs as a regular part of its performing repertoire, the university used the group as ambassadors during the university's centennial celebration and commissioned an album, entitled ''Up Toward Mountains Higher'' (1999), of Stanford songs which were sent to alumni around the world.</ref> [[Talisman A Cappella|Talisman]], [[Stanford Everyday People|Everyday People]], [[Stanford Raagapella|and Raagapella]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.raagapella.com/ |title=About Raagapella |access-date=August 25, 2012 |archive-date=January 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126074814/http://www.raagapella.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Clear}}<br />
<br />
=== Reputation and rankings ===<br />
{{reflist|group=a}}<br />
{{Infobox US university ranking<br />
<!-- U.S. rankings -->| Forbes = 2<br />
| THE_WSJ = 1<ref>{{cite web | title=The 2026 Best Colleges in America: Stanford, Babson and Yale Take Top Spots | date=September 29, 2025 | url=https://www.wsj.com/us-news/education/best-colleges-america-2026-f64d590e }}</ref><br />
| USNWR_NU = =4<br />
| Wamo_NU = 13<br />
<!-- Global rankings -->| ARWU_W = 2<br />
| QS_W = 3<br />
| THES_W = 5<br />
| USNWR_W = 3<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Stanford is highly ranked by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-01 |title=Best Colleges: Stanford University |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/stanford-university-1305 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |access-date=February 4, 2021 |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913234026/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/stanford-university-1305 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Times Higher Education]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-07 |title=Stanford University |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/stanford-university |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=Times Higher Education (THE) |language=en}}</ref> and ''[[QS World University Rankings]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanford University |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/stanford-university |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=Top Universities |language=en-US}}</ref> In subject-specific rankings, Stanford University ranked joint 5th globally with an overall score of 89.7 in medical and health studies in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings by Subject 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |title=THE Medicine Rankings 2026: Harvard University, Johns Hopkins University and Stanford University Among Top US Medical Schools |url=https://www.selectyouruniversity.com/blog/top-us-universities-for-medicine-the-rankings |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=SelectYourUniversity |language=en}}</ref>As noted in [[The Wall Street Journal]]'s 2024 rankings, "the usual players are almost always going to come out on top: The Princetons, the Stanfords, the Yales, the Harvards. They will jockey for those first few spots on whatever ranking you happen to be looking."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bleizeffer |first=Kristy |date=2023-09-08 |title=Ranking: Wall Street Journal's 2024 Best Colleges In America |url=https://poetsandquantsforundergrads.com/news/ranking-wall-street-journals-2024-best-colleges-in-america/ |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=Poets&Quants for Undergrads |language=en-US |archive-date=September 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908181948/https://poetsandquantsforundergrads.com/news/ranking-wall-street-journals-2024-best-colleges-in-america/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Standings in rankings ====<br />
In 2022, ''[[Washington Monthly]]'' ranked Stanford at 1st position in their annual list of top universities in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://washingtonmonthly.com/2022-college-guide/national/ |title=2022 National University Rankings |access-date=December 16, 2022 |archive-date=September 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220917093850/https://washingtonmonthly.com/2022-college-guide/national/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019, Stanford University took 1st place on Reuters' list of the ''World's Most Innovative Universities'' for the fifth consecutive year.<ref>{{cite web |title=The World's Most Innovative Universities 2019 |url=https://www.reuters.com/innovative-universities-2019 |website=[[Reuters]] |access-date=December 16, 2022 |archive-date=November 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129071951/https://www.reuters.com/innovative-universities-2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Stanford Graduate School of Business]] has consistently been both the most selective business school in the world<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Kowarski |first1=Ilana |last2=Claybourn |first2=Cole |date=2024-06-05 |title=15 Business Schools With Lowest Acceptance Rates |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-graduate-schools/the-short-list-grad-school/articles/business-schools-with-the-lowest-acceptance-rates |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]]}}</ref> and consistently ranked 1st in the list of best [[business school]]s year-over-year consecutively by various reputed studies including ''[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kessenides |first=Dimitra |date=2023-09-13 |title=These Are the Best Business Schools in the World |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/business-schools/ |access-date=2024-07-06 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en |archive-date=April 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407022859/https://www.bloomberg.com/business-schools/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' for 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-01 |title=2024 Best Business Schools |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-business-schools/mba-rankings |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |access-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-date=March 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314003952/https://www.usnews.com/best%2Dgraduate%2Dschools/top%2Dbusiness%2Dschools/mba%2Drankings |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Stanford Law School]] is also consistently been amongst the two most selective law schools in the world<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=Sarah |date=2024-04-09 |title=16 Law Schools That Are Hardest to Get Into |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-graduate-schools/the-short-list-grad-school/articles/law-schools-that-are-hardest-to-get-into |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |access-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-date=June 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607070754/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-graduate-schools/the-short-list-grad-school/articles/law-schools-that-are-hardest-to-get-into |url-status=live }}</ref> and consistently ranked 1st in the list of best law schools year-over-year consecutively for 2024 in ''U.S. News & World Report''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-01 |title=2024 Best Law Schools |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-law-schools/law-rankings?_sort=my_rankings-asc |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |access-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-date=June 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611161156/https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-law-schools/law-rankings?_sort=my_rankings-asc |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In a 2022 survey by ''[[The Princeton Review]]'', Stanford was ranked 1st among the top ten "dream colleges" of America, and was considered to be the ultimate "dream college" of both students and parents.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 27, 2022 |title=These are the country's 'dream' colleges, but price remains the top concern |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/27/these-are-the-countrys-top-dream-colleges.html |website=[[CNBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2022 College Hopes & Worries Press Release |url=https://www.princetonreview.com/press/college-hopes-worries-press-release-2022}}</ref> From polls of college applicants done by ''The Princeton Review'', every year from 2013 to 2020 the most commonly named "dream college" for students was Stanford; separately, parents, too, most frequently named Stanford their ultimate "dream college".<ref name="PRdream">{{cite news |title=College Hopes & Worries Press Release |url=https://www.princetonreview.com/press/college-hopes-worries-press-release |access-date=August 28, 2017 |publisher=Princeton Review |language=en |archive-date=October 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007224857/https://www.princetonreview.com/press/college-hopes-worries-press-release |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=March 17, 2020 |title=2020 College Hopes & Worries Press Release |url=https://www.princetonreview.com/press/college-hopes-worries-press-release |access-date=May 3, 2021 |work=Princeton Review |archive-date=October 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007224857/https://www.princetonreview.com/press/college-hopes-worries-press-release |url-status=live }}</ref> The ''[[Academic Ranking of World Universities]] (ARWU)'' ranked Stanford second in the world (after Harvard) most years from 2003 to 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities |url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2024 |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=www.shanghairanking.com}}</ref> ''[[Times Higher Education]]'' recognizes Stanford as one of the world's "six super brands" on its ''World Reputation Rankings'', along with [[University of California, Berkeley|Berkeley]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]], [[Harvard University|Harvard]], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]], and [[University of Oxford|Oxford]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Baty |first=Phil |date=January 1, 1990 |title=Birds? Planes? No, colossal 'super-brands': Top Six Universities |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2012/reputation-ranking/analysis/top-six-6-universities |access-date=May 3, 2021 |work=Times Higher Education |archive-date=August 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804225717/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2012/reputation-ranking/analysis/top-six-6-universities |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ross |first=Duncan |date=May 10, 2016 |title=World University Rankings blog: how the 'university superbrands' compare |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/world-university-rankings-blog-how-university-superbrands-compare |access-date=May 3, 2021 |work=Times Higher Education |archive-date=March 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324122624/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/world-university-rankings-blog-how-university-superbrands-compare |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Discoveries and innovation ==<br />
=== Natural sciences ===<br />
[[File:Felix Bloch 1950s.jpg|thumb|[[Felix Bloch]], physics professor, 1952 Nobel laureate for his work at Stanford]]<br />
*[[Biological synthesis]] of [[deoxyribonucleic acid]] (DNA) – [[Arthur Kornberg]] discovered the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of [[RNA|ribonucleic acid]] and [[DNA|deoxyribonucleic acid]], and won the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1959 for his work at Stanford.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1959/kornberg/facts/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=nobelprize.org}}</ref> By studying bacteria, Kornberg succeeded in isolating DNA polymerase in 1956–an enzyme that is active in the formation of DNA.<br />
*First [[Transgenic organism]] – [[Stanley Norman Cohen|Stanley Cohen]] and [[Herbert Boyer]] were the first scientists to transplant genes from one living organism to another, a fundamental discovery for genetic engineering.<ref name="Yount">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pOdHrsTZ-RYC&pg=PA46 |title=A to Z of biologists |last1=Yount |first1=Lisa |date=2003 |publisher=Facts on File |isbn=978-0-8160-4541-9 |location=New York |pages=47–49 |access-date=May 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Cohen2013">{{cite journal |last1=Cohen |first1=S. N. |date=September 16, 2013 |title=DNA cloning: A personal view after 40 years |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=110 |issue=39 |pages=15521–15529 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1313397110 |pmc=3785787 |pmid=24043817 |bibcode=2013PNAS..11015521C |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424}}</ref> Thousands of products have been developed on the basis of their work, including [[human growth hormone]] and [[hepatitis B vaccine]].<br />
*[[Laser]] – [[Arthur Leonard Schawlow]] shared the 1981 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] with [[Nicolaas Bloembergen]] and [[Kai Siegbahn]] for his work on lasers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Arthur_L._Schawlow |title=Arthur L. Schawlow |work=IEEE Global History Network |publisher=IEEE |access-date=August 10, 2011 |archive-date=October 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019015134/http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Arthur_L._Schawlow |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Hänsch, Theodor W. |author-link=Theodor W. Hänsch |date=December 1999 |title=Obituary: Arthur Leonard Schawlow |url=http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v52/i12/p75_s2?bypassSSO=1 |journal=Physics Today |volume=52 |issue=12 |pages=75–76 |bibcode=1999PhT....52l..75H |doi=10.1063/1.2802854|url-access=subscription }}</ref><br />
*[[Nuclear magnetic resonance]] – [[Felix Bloch]] developed new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements, which are the underlying principles of [[magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alvarez |first1=Luis W. |author-link=Luis Walter Alvarez |last2=Bloch |first2=F. |year=1940 |title=A Quantitative Determination of the Neutron Moment in Absolute Nuclear Magnetons |journal=[[Physical Review]] |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=111–122 |bibcode=1940PhRv...57..111A |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.57.111}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bloch |first1=F. |last2=Hansen |first2=W. W. |author-link2=W. W. Hansen |last3=Packard |first3=Martin |date=February 1, 1946 |title=Nuclear Induction |journal=[[Physical Review]] |volume=69 |issue=3–4 |page=127 |bibcode=1946PhRv...69..127B |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.69.127 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Computer and applied sciences ===<br />
[[File:Dr_Vint_Cerf_ForMemRS.jpg|thumb|upright=0.56|right|[[Vint Cerf]], co-leader of the Stanford team that designed the architecture of the internet]]<br />
*[[ARPANET]] – [[Stanford Research Institute]], formerly part of Stanford but on a separate campus, was the site of one of the four original ARPANET nodes.<ref name="SU-ITS">{{cite web |url=http://itservices.stanford.edu/service/network |title=Network (SUNet — The Stanford University Network) |date=July 16, 2010 |publisher=Stanford University Information Technology Services |access-date=April 11, 2011 |archive-date=December 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211022334/https://itservices.stanford.edu/service/network |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://university-discoveries.com/stanford-university |title=Stanford University |publisher=University Discoveries |access-date=February 8, 2017}}</ref> In the early 1970s, Bob Kahn & Vint Cerf's research project about Internetworking, later DARPA formulated it to the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).<ref>{{Cite web |title=ARPANET – A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication |url=https://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall06/cos561/papers/cerf74.pdf |access-date=May 19, 2022 |archive-date=October 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221010/https://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall06/cos561/papers/cerf74.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*[[Internet]] – Stanford was the site where the original design of the Internet was undertaken. [[Vint Cerf]] led a research group to elaborate the design of the Transmission Control Protocol ([[TCP/IP]]) that he originally co-created with Robert E. Kahn ([[Bob Kahn]]) in 1973 and which formed the basis for the architecture of the Internet.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The day the Internet age began – Nature, Volume 461, Issue 7268, pp. 1202–1203 (2009). |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Natur.461.1202C/abstract |access-date=April 26, 2022 |journal=Nature |bibcode=2009Natur.461.1202C |last1=Cerf |first1=Vinton G. |year=2009 |volume=461 |issue=7268 |pages=1202–1203 |doi=10.1038/4611202a |pmid=19865146 |s2cid=205049153 |archive-date=May 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507211727/https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Natur.461.1202C/abstract |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*[[Frequency modulation synthesis]] – [[John Chowning]] of the Music department invented the FM music synthesis algorithm in 1967, and Stanford later licensed it to [[Yamaha Corporation]].<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Johnstone, Robert |url=https://www.academia.edu/2680140 |access-date=April 29, 2022 |website=academia |date=January 1994 |last1=Johnstone |first1=Robert |archive-date=February 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209121735/https://www.academia.edu/2680140 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=An Introduction To FM |url=https://ccrma.stanford.edu/software/snd/snd/fm.html |access-date=May 1, 2022 |website=stanford |archive-date=May 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522085732/https://ccrma.stanford.edu/software/snd/snd/fm.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*[[Google]] – Google began in January 1996 as a research project by [[Larry Page]] and [[Sergey Brin]], when they were both PhD students at Stanford.<ref name="milestones">{{cite web |url=http://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/history.html |title=Google Milestones |publisher=Google, Inc. |access-date=September 28, 2010 |archive-date=May 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520212930/http://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/history.html |url-status=live }}</ref> They were working on the [[Stanford Digital Library Project]] (SDLP) which is started in 1999. The SDLP's goal was "to develop the enabling technologies for a single, integrated and universal digital library",<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Stanford Digital Library Technologies |url=http://diglib.stanford.edu:8091/ |access-date=April 28, 2022 |website=stanford |archive-date=April 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418032359/http://diglib.stanford.edu:8091/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and it was funded through the [[National Science Foundation]], among other federal agencies.<ref>[https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=9411306 The Stanford Integrated Digital Library Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508033156/https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=9411306 |date=May 8, 2009 }}, Award Abstract #9411306, September 1, 1994, through August 31, 1999 (Estimated), award amount $521,111,001</ref> Today, Google stands as one of the most valuable brands in the world.<br />
*[[Klystron tube]] – invented by the brothers [[Russell and Sigurd Varian]] at Stanford.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Klystron: A Microwave Source of Surprising Range and Endurance |url=https://www.slac.stanford.edu/pubs/slacpubs/7500/slac-pub-7731.pdf |access-date=April 19, 2022 |website=slac stanford |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629115619/https://www.slac.stanford.edu/pubs/slacpubs/7500/slac-pub-7731.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Their prototype was completed and demonstrated successfully on August 30, 1937.<ref>Varian, Dorothy. "The Inventor and the Pilot". Pacific Books, 1983 p. 187</ref> Upon publication in 1939, news of the klystron immediately influenced the work of U.S. and UK researchers working on [[radar]] equipment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russell and Sigurd Varian: Inventing The Klystron And Saving Civilization |url=https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/communications/article/21795573/russell-and-sigurd-varian-inventing-the-klystron-and-saving-civilization |access-date=April 1, 2022 |website=electronicdesign|date=November 22, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Guide to the Russell and Sigurd Varian Papers |url=https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf3h4nb03j/entire_text/ |access-date=April 29, 2022 |website=cdlib}}</ref><br />
*[[RISC]] – [[DARPA|ARPA]] funded [[VLSI project]] of [[microprocessor]] design. Stanford and [[University of California, Berkeley|UC Berkeley]] are most associated with the popularization of this concept. The [[Stanford MIPS]] would go on to be commercialized as the successful [[MIPS architecture]], while [[Berkeley RISC]] gave its name to the entire concept, commercialized as the [[SPARC]]. Another success from this era were [[IBM]]'s efforts that eventually led to the [[IBM POWER instruction set architecture]], [[PowerPC]], and [[Power ISA]]. As these projects matured, a wide variety of similar designs flourished in the late 1980s and especially the early 1990s, representing a major force in the [[Unix workstation]] market as well as [[embedded processor]]s in [[laser printer]]s, [[router (computing)|routers]] and similar products.<ref name="coinrisk">{{cite book |title=Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology |url=https://archive.org/details/milestonesincomp0000reil |url-access=registration |last=Reilly |first=Edwin D. |year=2003 |isbn=1-57356-521-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/milestonesincomp0000reil/page/50 50]|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic }}</ref><br />
*[[SUN workstation]] – [[Andy Bechtolsheim]] designed the SUN workstation,<ref>{{Cite book |title=High Noon: The Inside Story of Scott McNealy and the Rise of Sun Microsystems |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rQl4169IA4kC&q=german&pg=PA88 |access-date=April 19, 2022 |isbn=978-0-471-29713-0 |last1=Southwick |first1=Karen |date=August 27, 1999| publisher=John Wiley & Sons }}</ref> for the [[Stanford University Network]] communications project as a personal [[Computer-aided design|CAD]] workstation,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CSL-TR-82-229.html |title=The SUN Workstation Architecture |author1=Andreas Bechtolsheim |author2=Forest Baskett |date=March 1982 |work=Stanford University Computer systems Laboratory Technical Report No. 229 |access-date=July 5, 2018 |author3=Vaughan Pratt}}</ref> which led to [[Sun Microsystems]].<br />
*[[MIMO]] - [[Arogyaswami Paulraj]] and [[Thomas Kailath]] invented multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) radio communications, which involves simultaneously using multiple antennas on receivers and transmitters. Invented in 1992, MIMO is an essential element in many modern wireless technologies today.<ref name="mimo_history">{{cite web |author=Marconi Society |url=https://marconisociety.org/fellow-bio/arogyaswami-paulraj/ |title= Arogyaswami Paulraj, 2014 Marconi Prize recipient, Honored for his pioneering contributions to developing the theory and applications of MIMO antennas |date=October 28, 2014 |access-date=October 19, 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Businesses and entrepreneurship ===<br />
{{Main|List of companies founded by Stanford University alumni}}<br />
<br />
Stanford is one of the most successful universities worldwide in creating companies and licensing its inventions to existing companies, and it is often considered the model for [[technology transfer]].<ref name=Page>Nigel Page. {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160623234754/http://www.iphandbook.org/handbook/ch17/p13/ The Making of a Licensing Legend: Stanford University's Office of Technology Licensing]}}. Chapter 17.13 in Sharing the Art of IP Management. Globe White Page Ltd, London, U.K. 2007</ref><ref name=":1">Timothy Lenoir. Inventing the entrepreneurial university: Stanford and the co-evolution of Silicon Valley pp. 88–128 in Building Technology Transfer within Research Universities: An Entrepreneurial Approach Edited by Thomas J. Allen and Rory P. O'Shea. Cambridge University Press, 2014. {{ISBN|9781139046930}}</ref> Stanford's Office of Technology Licensing is responsible for commercializing university research, intellectual property, and university-developed projects. The university is described as having a strong venture culture in which students are encouraged, and often [[venture capital|funded]], to launch their own companies.<ref name=":2">{{cite news |last=McBride |first=Sarah |date=December 12, 2014 |title=Special Report: At Stanford, venture capital reaches into the dorm |language=en-US |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-startup-stanford-specialreport/special-report-at-stanford-venture-capital-reaches-into-the-dorm-idUSKBN0JO20D20141212 |access-date=October 28, 2017 |archive-date=May 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523083029/https://reuters.com/article/us-usa-startup-stanford-specialreport/special-report-at-stanford-venture-capital-reaches-into-the-dorm-idUSKBN0JO20D20141212 |url-status=live }}</ref> Companies founded by Stanford alumni generate more than $2.7 trillion in annual revenue and have created some 5.4 million jobs since the 1930s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanford alumni create nearly $3 trillion in economic impact each year |url=https://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/october/innovation-economic-impact-102412.html#:~:text=October%2024%2C%202012-,Study%20shows%20Stanford%20alumni%20create%20nearly%20%243%20trillion%20in%20economic,have%20created%205.4%20million%20jobs. |access-date=January 17, 2022 |website=stanford |date=October 24, 2012 |archive-date=January 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128181416/https://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/october/innovation-economic-impact-102412.html#:~:text=October%2024%2C%202012-,Study%20shows%20Stanford%20alumni%20create%20nearly%20%243%20trillion%20in%20economic,have%20created%205.4%20million%20jobs. }}</ref> When combined, these companies would form the tenth-largest economy in the world.<ref name="EcImpact">{{cite news |last1=Silver |first1=Caleb |date=March 18, 2020 |title=The Top 20 Economies in the World |url=https://www.investopedia.com/insights/worlds-top-economies/ |access-date=March 18, 2020 |work=Investopedia |language=en-US |archive-date=July 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717023208/https://www.investopedia.com/insights/worlds-top-economies/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Some notable companies closely associated with Stanford and their connections include:<br />
{{Image frame|width=250|content=[[File:William Hewlett 1993.jpg|125px]] [[File:David-Packard-DepSecDef.jpg|125px]]|caption=Co-founders of [[Hewlett-Packard]], [[Bill Hewlett]] (BS 1934) and [[David Packard]] (BA 1934)|align=right}}<br />
*[[Hewlett-Packard]], 1939: co-founders [[William Redington Hewlett|William R. Hewlett]] (B.S, PhD) and [[David Packard]] (M.S)<ref>{{Cite web |title=HPE History |url=https://www.hpe.com/us/en/about/history.html |access-date=April 23, 2022 |website=hpe |archive-date=June 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627171425/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/about/history.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*[[Silicon Graphics]], 1981: co-founders [[James H. Clark]] (Associate Professor) and several of his graduate students<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bowen |first=Jonathan |title=Encyclopedia of Computers and Computer History |date=2001 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-57958-235-7 |editor-last=Rojas |editor-first=Raúl |pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofco0000unse_a6j4/page/709 709–710] |chapter=Silicon Graphics, Inc. |author-link=Jonathan Bowen |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofco0000unse_a6j4/page/709}}</ref><br />
*[[Sun Microsystems]], 1982:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sun Microsystems Getting Started |url=http://www.sun.com/aboutsun/coinfo/history.html#1982 |archive-date=August 27, 2006 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=sun |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827003752/http://www.sun.com/aboutsun/coinfo/history.html#1982}}</ref> co-founders [[Vinod Khosla]] (M.B.A), [[Andy Bechtolsheim]] (PhD) and [[Scott McNealy]] (M.B.A)<br />
*[[Cisco Systems|Cisco]], 1984:<ref>{{Cite news |last=Toscano |first=Paul |date=April 17, 2013 |title=Cisco Co-Founder |work=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2013/04/17/tech-companies-are-doing-it-wrong-cisco-cofounder.html |access-date=January 19, 2022 |archive-date=January 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129081730/https://www.cnbc.com/id/100649533 |url-status=live }}</ref> co-founders [[Leonard Bosack]] (M.S) and [[Sandy Lerner]] (M.S) were in charge of the Stanford Computer Science and the Graduate School of Business computer operations groups, respectively, when the hardware was developed<ref>{{cite news |last1=Duffy |first1=Jim |title=Critical milestones in Cisco history |url=https://www.networkworld.com/article/2291489/lan-wan/critical-milestones-in-cisco-history.html#slide1 |access-date=November 28, 2017 |work=Network World |language=en |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033835/https://www.networkworld.com/article/2291489/lan-wan/critical-milestones-in-cisco-history.html#slide1 }}</ref><br />
*[[Nvidia]], 1993:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jensen Huang |url=http://nvidianews.nvidia.com/bios/jensen-huang |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=NVIDIA Newsroom |language=en-us |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523155233/https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/bios/jensen-huang |url-status=live }}</ref> co-founder [[Jensen Huang]] (M.S)<br />
*[[Yahoo!]], 1994:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goel |first=Vindu |date=July 24, 2016 |title=Yahoo's Sale to Verizon Ends an Era |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/business/yahoo-sale.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216035326/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/business/yahoo-sale.html |archive-date=February 16, 2017 |access-date=February 25, 2022 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> co-founders [[Jerry Yang]] (B.S, M.S) and [[David Filo]] (M.S)<br />
*[[Netflix]], 1997:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reed Hastings {{!}} Stanford University School of Engineering |url=https://engineering.stanford.edu/about/heroes/2016-heroes/reed-hastings |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=engineering.stanford.edu |language=en |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706184943/https://engineering.stanford.edu/about/heroes/2016-heroes/reed-hastings |url-status=live }}</ref> co-founder [[Reed Hastings]] (M.S)<br />
*[[Google]], 1998:<ref>{{Cite web |title=How we started and where we are today & Our history in depth – Google |url=https://about.google/our-story/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401005940/http://www.google.com/about/company/history/ |archive-date=April 1, 2012 |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=about.google}}</ref> co-founders [[Larry Page]] (M.S) and [[Sergey Brin]] (M.S)<br />
*[[PayPal]], 1998:<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Connell |first=Brian |date=2020-01-02 |title=History of PayPal: Timeline and Facts |url=https://www.thestreet.com/technology/history-of-paypal-15062744 |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=TheStreet |language=en-us |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706184943/https://www.thestreet.com/technology/history-of-paypal-15062744 |url-status=live }}</ref> co-founders [[Ken Howery]] (B.A), [[Peter Thiel]] (B.A, J.D), Elon Musk (Accepted into graduate program although never enrolled)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Porteous |first1=George |title=Elon Musk's brief Stanford affiliation raises questions about previous immigration status |url=https://stanforddaily.com/2024/11/11/elon-musk-stanford-work-status/ |website=The Stanford Daily |date=November 11, 2024 |access-date=December 3, 2024}}</ref><br />
*[[VMware]], 1998:<ref>{{Cite web |title=VMware Founders Professorship of Computer Science |url=https://graphics.stanford.edu/~levoy/vmware.html |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=graphics.stanford.edu}}</ref> co-founders Mendel Rosenblum (Professor) and Edouard Bugnion (M.S)<br />
*[[LinkedIn]], 2002:<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 5, 2003 |title=Founders |url=https://about.linkedin.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528075044/https://about.linkedin.com/ |archive-date=May 28, 2021 |access-date=March 15, 2022 |website=LinkedIn}}</ref> co-founders [[Reid Hoffman]] (B.S), Konstantin Guericke (B.S, M.S), Eric Lee (B.S), and Alan Liu (B.S)<br />
*[[Roblox]], 2004:<ref>{{Citation |title=Roblox Corporation |date=2025-10-09 |work=Bharatpedia |url=https://en.Bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roblox_Corporation&oldid=1315956323 |access-date=2025-10-10 |language=en}}</ref> co-founder David Baszucki (B.S)<br />
*[[YouTube]], 2005:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Communications |first=Grainger Engineering Office of Marketing and |title=Jawed Karim |url=https://grainger.illinois.edu/alumni/hall-of-fame/Jawed-Karim |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=grainger.illinois.edu |language=en |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706184943/https://grainger.illinois.edu/alumni/hall-of-fame/Jawed-Karim |url-status=live }}</ref> co-founder Jawed Karim (M.S)<br />
*[[Instagram]], 2010:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zeen |first=Anna |date=October 1, 2020 |title=Feature Updates – First Instagram post |url=https://zeen.com/who-owns-instagram/ |access-date=April 20, 2022 |website=zeen |archive-date=April 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418221606/https://zeen.com/who-owns-instagram/ |url-status=live }}</ref> co-founders [[Kevin Systrom]] (B.S) and [[Mike Krieger]] (B.S)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siegler |first=MG |date=October 6, 2010 |title=Instagram Launches With The Hope Of Igniting Communication Through Images |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/10/06/instagram-launch/ |access-date=April 18, 2022 |website=techcrunch |archive-date=October 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028025750/https://techcrunch.com/2010/10/06/instagram-launch/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*[[Snapchat]], 2011: co-founders [[Evan Spiegel]] (B.S), Reggie Brown (B.S) and [[Bobby Murphy (businessman)|Bobby Murphy]] (B.S)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oconnell |first=Brian |date=February 28, 2020 |title=History of Snapchat |work=thestreet |url=https://www.thestreet.com/technology/history-of-snapchat#:~:text=Snapchat%20was%20founded%20in%202011,site%20after%20a%20few%20moments. |access-date=April 2, 2022 |archive-date=May 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527180002/https://www.thestreet.com/technology/history-of-snapchat#:~:text=Snapchat%20was%20founded%20in%202011,site%20after%20a%20few%20moments. |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*[[Coursera]], 2012:<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 30, 2021 |title=About Coursera |language=en-US |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210330006145/en/Coursera-Announces-Pricing-of-Initial-Public-Offering |access-date=May 25, 2022 |archive-date=May 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517113412/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210330006145/en/Coursera-Announces-Pricing-of-Initial-Public-Offering |url-status=live }}</ref> co-founders [[Andrew Ng]] (Associate Professor) and [[Daphne Koller]] (Professor, PhD)<br />
*[[DoorDash]], 2013:<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-02 |title=DoorDash CEO: Solving Problems of Time-Starved People |url=https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/doordash-ceo-solving-problems-time-starved-people |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=Stanford Graduate School of Business |language=en |archive-date=April 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419081205/https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/doordash-ceo-solving-problems-time-starved-people |url-status=live }}</ref> co-founders [[Tony Xu]] (M.B.A) and Evan Moore (M.B.A)<br />
<br />
== Student life ==<br />
<br />
=== Student body ===<br />
{| class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible"; text-align:right; font-size:80%;"<br />
|+ style="font-size:90%" |Undergraduate demographics as of Fall 2025<br />
|-<br />
! Race and ethnicity<ref>{{URL|1=https://web.archive.org/web/20250928213745/https://facts.stanford.edu/academics/undergraduate-profile/}}</ref><br />
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Total<br />
|-<br />
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]<br />
|align=right| {{bartable|29|%|2||background:purple}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Non-Hispanic whites|White]]<br />
|align=right| {{bartable|23|%|2||background:gray}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]<br />
|align=right| {{bartable|17|%|2||background:green}}<br />
|-<br />
| Non-resident [[Foreign national]]s<br />
|align=right| {{bartable|13|%|2||background:orange}}<br />
|-<br />
| Other{{efn|Other consists of [[Multiracial Americans]] & those who prefer to not say.}}<br />
|align=right| {{bartable|10|%|2||background:brown}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[African Americans|Black]]<br />
|align=right| {{bartable|7|%|2||background:mediumblue}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]<br />
|align=right| {{bartable|1|%|2||background:gold}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Stanford enrolled 6,996 undergraduate and 10,253 graduate students in the 2019–2020 school year. Women made up 50.4% of undergraduates and 41.5% of graduate students.<ref name="CDS" /> In the same academic year, the freshman retention rate was 99%. Stanford awarded 1,819 undergraduate degrees, 2,393 master's degrees, 770 doctoral degrees, and 3270 professional degrees in the 2018–2019 school year.<ref name="CDS" /> The four-year graduation rate for the class of 2017 cohort was 72.9%, and the six-year rate was 94.4%.<ref name="CDS" /> The relatively low four-year graduation rate is a function of the university's coterminal degree (or "coterm") program, which allows students to earn a master's degree as a 1-to-2-year extension of their undergraduate program.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/college/highest-grad-rate |title=Best Colleges—Education |work=U.S. News & World Report |date=August 19, 2009 |access-date=July 9, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090314054424/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/college/highest-grad-rate |archive-date=March 14, 2009}}</ref> In 2010, 15% of undergraduates were first-generation students.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/2010/10/01/concerns-of-first-generation-students-must-remain-a-priority/ |title=Concerns of first-generation students must remain a priority |date=October 1, 2010 |work=The Stanford Daily |access-date=January 31, 2011 |archive-date=February 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223025538/https://www.stanforddaily.com/2010/10/01/concerns-of-first-generation-students-must-remain-a-priority/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Dormitories and student housing ===<br />
{{Main|Stanford University student housing}}<br />
<br />
By 2013, 89% of undergraduate students lived in on-campus university housing. First-year undergraduates are required to live on campus, and all undergraduates are guaranteed housing for all four undergraduate years.<ref name="CDS" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.stanford.edu/dept/rde/cgi-bin/drupal/housing/apply/apply-housing |title=Stanford University—Student Housing—Apply for Housing 2013–14 |publisher=Stanford.edu |access-date=February 2, 2014 |archive-date=June 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624014137/http://web.stanford.edu/dept/rde/cgi-bin/drupal/housing/apply/apply-housing }}</ref> Undergraduates live in 80 different houses, including dormitories, co-ops, [[Stanford Row House Program|row houses]], and [[#Greek life|fraternities and sororities]].<ref name="ugradres">{{cite web |url=https://resed.stanford.edu/residences |title=Stanford Housing—Undergraduate Residences |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=November 27, 2008 |archive-date=June 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611010444/https://resed.stanford.edu/residences |url-status=live }}</ref> At Manzanita Park, 118 [[mobile home]]s were installed as "temporary" housing from 1969 to 1991, but have become the site of newer dorms Castano, Kimball, Lantana, and the Humanities House, completed in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.stanford.edu/pr/91/910724Arc1246.html |title=Manzanita trailers to house Webb Ranch workers |publisher=News.stanford.edu |access-date=July 9, 2010 |archive-date=July 29, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729084308/http://news.stanford.edu/pr/91/910724Arc1246.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chelsey |first1=Kate |title=Manzanita residence hall aims at humanities |url=http://news.stanford.edu/news/2015/march/humanities-house-dorm-032015.html |access-date=October 24, 2015 |work=Stanford Report |publisher=Stanford University |date=March 20, 2015 |archive-date=September 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920041527/http://news.stanford.edu/news/2015/march/humanities-house-dorm-032015.html }}</ref> Most student residences are just outside the campus core, within ten minutes (on foot or bike) of most classrooms and libraries. Some are reserved for freshmen, sophomores, or upper-class students and some are open to all four classes. Most residences are co-ed; seven are all-male [[fraternity|fraternities]], three are all-female [[sorority|sororities]], and there is also one all-female non-sorority house, Roth House. In most residences, men and women live on the same floor, but some have single-gender floors.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.stanford.edu/dept/rde/shs/ugrad/wilbur.htm#junipero |archive-date=October 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20151009205734/https://rde.stanford.edu/studenthousing/#junipero |title=Stanford University—Student Housing—Tour Undergraduate Housing |publisher=Stanford.edu |access-date=July 9, 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
Several residences are considered "theme" houses; predating the current classification system are Columbae (Social Change Through Nonviolence, since 1970),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://resed.stanford.edu/residences/find-house/columbae |title=Columbae House |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=April 10, 2012 |archive-date=June 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611034746/https://resed.stanford.edu/residences/find-house/columbae }}</ref> and Synergy (Exploring Alternatives, since 1972).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/synergy/ |title=Synergy House |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=April 10, 2012 |archive-date=November 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102100407/http://web.stanford.edu/group/synergy/ }}</ref> The Academic, Language, and Culture Houses include EAST (Education and Society Themed House), Hammarskjöld (International Themed House), Haus Mitteleuropa (Central European Themed House), La Casa Italiana (Italian Language and Culture), La Maison Française (French Language and Culture House), Slavianskii Dom (Slavic/East European Themed House), Storey (Human Biology Themed House), and Yost (Spanish Language and Culture). Cross-Cultural Themed Houses include Casa Zapata (Chicano/Latino Theme in Stern Hall), Muwekma-tah-ruk (American Indian/Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian Themed House), Okada (Asian-American Themed House in Wilbur Hall), and Ujamaa (Black/African-American Themed House in Lagunita Court). Focus Houses include [[Freshman-Sophomore College]] (Academic Focus), [[Branner Hall]] (Community Service), Kimball (Arts & Performing Arts), Crothers (Global Citizenship), and [[Toyon Hall|Toyon]] (Sophomore Priority).<ref name="ugradres" /><br />
<br />
[[File:Stanford-bikes.jpg|thumb|left|Many students use bicycles to get around the large campus]]<br />
[[housing cooperative|Co-ops]] or "Self-Ops" are another housing option. These houses feature cooperative living, where residents and eating associates each contribute work to keep the house running, such as cooking meals or cleaning shared spaces. These houses have unique themes around which their community is centered. Many co-ops are hubs of music, art and philosophy. The co-ops on campus are 576 Alvarado Row (formerly Chi Theta Chi), Columbae, Enchanted Broccoli Forest (EBF), Hammarskjöld, Kairos, Terra (the unofficial [[LGBT]] house),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/coop/cgi-bin/public/wiki.php?wikiid=1&pagename=Terra |title=About Terra |work=ResEd |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=February 8, 2016 |archive-date=February 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216121632/http://web.stanford.edu/group/coop/cgi-bin/public/wiki.php?wikiid=1&pagename=Terra |url-status=live }}</ref> and Synergy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.stanford.edu/dept/resed/Staff/StaffResources/StudentMgmt/CoOps.html |title=Residential Education—Cooperative Houses |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=November 27, 2008}}{{Dead link|date=June 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Phi Sigma, at 1018 Campus Drive was formerly [[Phi Sigma Kappa]] fraternity, but in 1973 became a Self-Op.<ref>This chapter had voiced concern that women were being treated unfairly due to the campus ban on sororities. ''Nu Deuteron Chapter'' voted to become co-ed in 1973, [https://archive.org/stream/signet6465phis/signet6465phis_djvu.txt relinquishing its charter over the matter], according to fraternity records (accessed November 17, 2016). This occurred just four years before the ban on sororities was ended by the Regents.</ref> By 2015, 55 percent of the graduate student population lived on campus.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lapin |first1=Lisa |last2=Chelsey |first2=Kate |title=New graduate housing proposed for Escondido Village |url=http://news.stanford.edu/news/2015/october/grad-housing-proposal-102215.html |access-date=October 24, 2015 |work=Stanford Report |publisher=Stanford University |date=October 22, 2015 |archive-date=October 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023090314/http://news.stanford.edu/news/2015/october/grad-housing-proposal-102215.html }}</ref> Stanford also subsidizes off-campus apartments in nearby [[Palo Alto]], [[Menlo Park, California|Menlo Park]], and [[Mountain View, California|Mountain View]] for graduate students who are guaranteed on-campus housing but are unable to live on campus due to a lack of space.<ref>{{cite web |title=Off Campus Subsidized Apartments |url=https://rde.stanford.edu/studenthousing/off-campus-subsidized-apartments |website=Student Housing |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=October 24, 2015 |archive-date=October 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009212655/https://rde.stanford.edu/studenthousing/off-campus-subsidized-apartments }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Athletics ===<br />
{{Main|Stanford Cardinal}}<br />
<br />
[[File:11-04-06-LSJUMB-003.jpg|thumb|The [[Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band]] rallies football fans with arrangements of "All Right Now" and other contemporary music]]<br />
In 2016, Stanford had sixteen male varsity sports and twenty female varsity sports,<ref>[http://www.gostanford.com/ Stanford Sports] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401192801/http://www.gostanford.com/ |date=April 1, 2015 }} Page accessed June 11, 2016</ref> nineteen club sports,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cardinalrec.stanford.edu/clubsports/ |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150409211134/http://cardinalrec.stanford.edu/clubsports/ |archive-date=April 9, 2015 |title=Stanford Cardinal Recreation – Club Sports |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=June 11, 2016}}</ref> and about 27 intramural sports.<ref>[https://archive.today/20160614202207/http://cardinalrec.stanford.edu/intramurals/Stanford Cardinal Recreation – Intramural Sports] Page accessed June 11, 2016</ref> The '''Stanford Tree''' is the [[Stanford Band]]'s mascot and the unofficial [[mascot]] of Stanford University. Stanford's team name is the "[[Stanford Cardinal|Cardinal]]", referring to the vivid [[Stanford Cardinal Red]] color (not the [[Northern cardinal|common songbird]] as at several other schools); the university does not have an official mascot. The Tree has been called one of America's most bizarre and controversial college mascots;<ref>{{cite web |last=Howell |first=Sean |date=2005-09-26 |title=How the Card got its color |url=http://daily.stanford.edu/article/2005/9/26/howTheCardGotItsColor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129082745/http://daily.stanford.edu/article/2005/9/26/howTheCardGotItsColor |archive-date=2007-01-29 |access-date=2007-04-14 |website=[[The Stanford Daily]]}}</ref> it regularly appears at the top of Internet "worst mascot" lists,<ref>{{cite web |last=Whitt |first=Richie |date=2008-11-20 |title=The 10 Worst Sports Mascots of All-Time |url=http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/sportatorium/2008/11/the_10_worst_sports_mascots_of.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225103655/https://blogs.dallasobserver.com/sportatorium/2008/11/the_10_worst_sports_mascots_of.php |archive-date=2009-02-25 |access-date=2009-09-24 |website=Sportatorium |publisher=[[Dallas Observer]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Golokhov |first=Dave |title=Top 10 Lame Sports Mascots |url=http://www.askmen.com/top_10/fitness/54c_fitness_list.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517003217/https://www.askmen.com/top_10/fitness/54c_fitness_list.html |archive-date=2009-05-17 |access-date=2009-09-24 |website=[[AskMen]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Top 10 worst college mascots |url=http://msn.foxsports.com/cfb/pgStory?contentId=8654338&MSNHPHCP&GT1=39002#sport=COLLEGE%20FOOTBALL&photo=8652682 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020032214/http://msn.foxsports.com/cfb/pgStory?contentId=8654338&MSNHPHCP&GT1=39002#sport=COLLEGE%20FOOTBALL&photo=8652682 |archive-date=October 20, 2008 |access-date=2009-09-24 |website=[[Fox Sports]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Jordan |first=Andrew |date=2009-04-10 |title=The 10 Worst Mascots of All Time |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/154086-10-worst-mascots-of-all-time#page/11 |access-date=2009-09-24 |website=[[Bleacher Report]]}}</ref> but has also appeared on at least one list of top mascots.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hodkowski |first=Ryne |date=2011-10-11 |title=Top 50 Mascots in College Football |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/887515-college-football-top-50-mascots-in-college-football/page/5 |access-date=2012-03-19 |website=[[Bleacher Report]] |archive-date=December 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217073454/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/887515-college-football-top-50-mascots-in-college-football/page/5 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Tree is a member of the [[Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band]] (LSJUMB) and appears at [[American football|football]] games, [[basketball]] games, and other events where the band performs.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Tree |url=http://www.stanford.edu/group/lsjumb/tree.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307044810/http://www.stanford.edu/group/lsjumb/tree.html |archive-date=2007-03-07 |access-date=2007-04-14 |website=[[Stanford Band]] |publisher=Stanford University}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1930, following a unanimous vote by the executive committee for the Associated Students, the athletic department adopted a new mascot (Indian). The Indian symbol and name were dropped by President [[Richard Wall Lyman|Richard Lyman]] in 1972, after objections from [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] students and a vote by the student senate.<ref name="mascot">{{cite web |title=What is the history of Stanford's mascot and nickname? |url=http://www.gostanford.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=30600&ATCLID=208445366 |publisher=Stanford Athletics |date=July 7, 2015 |access-date=July 7, 2015 |archive-date=July 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708093921/http://www.gostanford.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=30600&ATCLID=208445366 }}</ref> Stanford is a member of the [[Atlantic Coast Conference]] in most sports, the [[Mountain Pacific Sports Federation]] in several other sports, and the [[America East Conference]] in [[field hockey]] with the participation in the inter-collegiate [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA's]] [[NCAA Division I|Division I]] [[Football Bowl Subdivision|FBS]].<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.americaeast.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_LANG=C&DB_OEM_ID=14000&ATCLID=209720287 |title=Cal, UC Davis, Pacific, Stanford Added As #AEFH Associate Members |publisher=America East Conference |date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=November 17, 2014}}</ref> The official color of the university is [[Stanford Cardinal Red]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Color – Identity Guide |url=https://identity.stanford.edu/design-elements/color/ |access-date=2024-06-17 |language=en-US |archive-date=January 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130232613/https://identity.stanford.edu/design-elements/color/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
From 1930 until 1972, Stanford's sports teams had been known as the Indians and during the period from 1951 to 1972, Prince Lightfoot (portrayed by Timm Williams, a member of the [[Yurok tribe]]) was the official mascot. But in 1972, [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] students and staff members successfully lobbied University President [[Richard Wall Lyman|Richard Lyman]] to abolish the "[[Native American name controversy|Indian]]" name along with what they had come to perceive as an offensive and demeaning mascot. Stanford's teams reverted unofficially to the name "Cardinal", the color that had represented the school before 1930.<ref>{{cite web |title=Native American History at Stanford |url=http://www.stanford.edu/dept/nacc/timeline.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020306153421/http://www.stanford.edu/dept/nacc/timeline.html |archive-date=March 6, 2002 |access-date=2007-04-14 |website=Stanford University}}</ref><br />
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From 1972 until 1981, Stanford's official nickname was the Cardinal, but, during this time, there was debate among students and administrators concerning what the mascot and team name should be. A 1972 student referendum on the issue was in favor of restoring the Indian, while a second 1975 referendum was against. The 1975 vote included new suggestions, many alluding to the industry of the school's founder, [[tycoon]] [[Leland Stanford]]: the [[Robber baron (industrialist)|Robber Barons]], the Sequoias, the Trees, the Cardinals, the Railroaders, the Spikes, and the Huns.<br />
Its traditional sports rival is the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. The winner of the annual "[[Big Game (American football)|Big Game]]" between the [[California Golden Bears football|Cal]] and [[Stanford Cardinal football|Cardinal]] football teams gains custody of [[the Stanford Axe]].<ref>Jay Matthews for Newsweek. August 8, 2008 [https://web.archive.org/web/20140316091327/http://www.newsweek.com/12-top-college-rivalries-country-87831 The 12 Top College Rivalries in the Country]</ref><br />
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As of November 20, 2025, Stanford has won 137 NCAA team championships, more than any other school. Stanford has won at least one NCAA team championship each academic year for 49 consecutive years, from 1976–77 through to 2024–25.<ref name=Champions>{{cite web |title=NCAA Champs|url= https://gostanford.com/news/2025/11/20/ncaa-title-streak-approaches-50-years |publisher=Stanford University Athletics |access-date=December 28, 2025}}</ref> As of January 1, 2022, Stanford athletes have also won 529 NCAA individual championships. No other Division I school is within 100 of Stanford's total.<ref>{{cite web |title=Championships Summary |work=NCAA website |url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/champs_records_book/Overall.pdf |access-date=April 17, 2022 |archive-date=March 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320185655/http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/champs_records_book/Overall.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Stanford have won 25 consecutive NACDA Directors' Cups, from 1994–1995 through to 2018–19, awarded annually to the most successful overall college sports program in the nation.<ref name=Champions/> 177 Stanford-affiliated athletes have won a total of 296 Summer Olympic medals (150 gold, 79 silver, 67 bronze), including 26 medals at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and 27 medals at the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics.<ref name=Champions/> In the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics, Stanford-affiliated athletes won 26 medals, more than any other university.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gostanford.com/news/2016/7/1/athletics-stanford-olympic-history.aspx |title=Olympic Medal History |work=Stanford Medicine |access-date=19 December 2022 |archive-date=August 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815175534/https://gostanford.com/news/2016/7/1/athletics-stanford-olympic-history.aspx }}</ref><br />
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=== Traditions ===<br />
*{{anchor|Hail, Stanford, Hail!}}"Hail, Stanford, Hail!" is the Stanford hymn sometimes sung at ceremonies or adapted by the various university singing groups. It was written in 1892 by mechanical engineering professor Albert W. Smith and his wife, Mary Roberts Smith (in 1896 she earned the first Stanford doctorate in economics and later became associate professor of sociology), but was not officially adopted until after a performance on campus in March 1902 by the [[Mormon Tabernacle Choir]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://alumni.stanford.edu/get/page/magazine/article/?article_id=39027 |title=Century at Stanford |author=Karen Bartholomew |publisher=Alumni.stanford.edu |date=March–April 2002 |access-date=August 22, 2014 |archive-date=April 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404160401/https://alumni.stanford.edu/get/page/magazine/article/?article_id=39027 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://music.stanford.edu/Assets/StanfordHymn.pdf |title=Hail, Stanford Hail! |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202095506/http://music.stanford.edu/Assets/StanfordHymn.pdf |archive-date=February 2, 2014}}</ref><br />
*[[Big Game (American football)|Big Game]]: The central football rivalry between Stanford and [[California Golden Bears football|UC Berkeley]]. First played in 1892, and for a time played by the universities' rugby teams, it is one of the oldest college rivalries in the United States.<br />
*The [[Stanford Axe]]: A trophy earned by the winner of Big Game, exchanged only as necessary. The axe originated in 1899 when Stanford yell leader Billy Erb wielded a lumberman's axe to inspire the team. Stanford lost, and the Axe was stolen by Berkeley students following the game. In 1930, Stanford students staged an elaborate heist to recover the Axe. In 1933, the schools agreed to exchange it as a prize for winning Big Game. As of 2021, a restaurant centrally located on Stanford's campus is named "The Axe and Palm" in reference to the Axe.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stanford Stories from the Archives: Student Traditions |date=<!--undated exhibit--> |publisher=Stanford Libraries |url=https://exhibits.stanford.edu/stanford-stories/feature/student-traditions |access-date=August 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
*Big Game Gaieties: In the week ahead of Big Game, a 90-minute original musical (written, composed, produced, and performed by the students of Ram's Head Theatrical Society) is performed in Memorial Auditorium.<ref>{{cite web |title=The History of Big Game Gaieties |work=Ram's Head Theatrical Society |url=http://ramshead.stanford.edu/gaietieshistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215134746/http://ramshead.stanford.edu/gaietieshistory.html |archive-date=December 15, 2012 |access-date=October 5, 2013}} The Big Game Gaieties started in 1911 (when the Big Game was rugby) but did not acquire its present name until the 1920s when it also became part of Ram's Head. The tradition was dormant from 1968 until revived in 1976 and has run ever since.</ref><br />
*[[Full Moon on the Quad]]: An annual event at [[Main Quad (Stanford University)|Main Quad]], where students gather to kiss one another starting at midnight. Typically organized by the junior class cabinet, the festivities include live entertainment, such as music and dance performances.<ref name="Stanford Daily traditions">{{cite news |title=Top 10: Traditional Events |date=January 17, 2014 |author=<!--not stated--> |newspaper=The Stanford Daily |url=https://www.stanforddaily.com/2014/01/17/top-10-traditional-events/ |access-date=August 20, 2021 |archive-date=August 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820210158/https://www.stanforddaily.com/2014/01/17/top-10-traditional-events/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*The [[Stanford Marriage Pact]]: An annual [[matchmaking]] event where thousands of students complete a questionnaire about their values and are subsequently matched with the best person for them to make a "marriage pact" with.<ref>{{cite podcast |last1=Mayyasi |first1=Alex |last2=Gonzalez |first2=Sarah |title=The Marriage Pact |website=[[NPR]] |publisher=[[Planet Money]] |date=March 5, 2021 |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/02/972943944/the-marriage-pact |access-date=August 18, 2021 |archive-date=August 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818215915/https://www.npr.org/2021/03/02/972943944/the-marriage-pact |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garcia |first=Sarah |title=The Kids Are Making 'Marriage Pacts' to Distract Themselves From Doom |date=May 19, 2021 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/19/style/marriage-pact-college-stanford.html |access-date=August 18, 2021 |archive-date=July 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720171649/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/19/style/marriage-pact-college-stanford.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ramgopal |first=Kit |title=Inside the Stanford Marriage Pact |date=February 19, 2019 |newspaper=The Stanford Daily |url=https://www.stanforddaily.com/2019/02/19/inside-the-stanford-marriage-pact/ |access-date=August 18, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Sass |first=Roxy |title=Ask Roxy Sass: Marriage Pact edition |date=November 22, 2020 |newspaper=The Stanford Daily |url=https://www.stanforddaily.com/2020/11/22/ask-roxy-sass-marriage-pact-edition/ |access-date=August 18, 2021 |archive-date=August 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818220621/https://www.stanforddaily.com/2020/11/22/ask-roxy-sass-marriage-pact-edition/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*Fountain Hopping: At any time of year, students tour Stanford's main campus fountains to dip their feet or swim in some of the university's 25 fountains.<ref name="Stanford Daily traditions" /><ref>{{cite news |title=A fountain hopper's guide to Stanford |last=Coca |first=Richard |date=April 23, 2019 |newspaper=The Stanford Daily |url=https://www.stanforddaily.com/2019/04/23/a-fountain-hoppers-guide-to-stanford/ |access-date=August 22, 2021}}</ref><ref name="official traditions">{{cite web |title=Student Life: Traditions |date=February 1, 2021 |publisher=Stanford Facts |url=https://facts.stanford.edu/campuslife/ |access-date=August 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
*Mausoleum Party: An annual [[Halloween]] party at the [[Stanford Mausoleum]], the final resting place of [[Leland Stanford Jr.]] and his parents. A 20-year tradition, the Mausoleum party was on hiatus from 2002 to 2005 due to a lack of funding, but was revived in 2006.<ref name="Stanford Daily traditions" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stanfordalumni.org/news/magazine/2007/janfeb/red/mausoleum.html |title=A Party to Die For |date=January–February 2007 |work=Stanford Magazine |publisher=Stanford Alumni Association |last=Chien |first=Jennifer |access-date=November 3, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103192446/http://www.stanfordalumni.org/news/magazine/2007/janfeb/red/mausoleum.html |archive-date=November 3, 2010 }}</ref> In 2008, it was hosted in Old Union rather than at the actual Mausoleum, because rain prohibited generators from being rented.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Banerjee |first1=Devin |title=Mausoleum Party is a go: Regardless of rain, the party set for Old Union |url=http://stanforddailyarchive.com/cgi-bin/stanford?a=d&d=stanford20081031-01.2.9 |access-date=March 19, 2016 |work=Stanford Daily |issue=31 |volume=234 |page=3 |date=October 31, 2008}}</ref> In 2009, after fundraising efforts by the Junior Class Presidents and the ASSU Executive, the event was able to return to the Mausoleum despite facing budget cuts earlier in the year.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://stanforddailyarchive.com/cgi-bin/stanford?a=d&d=stanford20091007-01.2.4 |title=Mausoleum: next to die? |work=Stanford Daily |last=Feliciano |first=Cassandra |date=October 7, 2009 |page=1 |volume=236 |issue=14 |access-date=March 18, 2016 |archive-date=August 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822004642/http://stanforddailyarchive.com/cgi-bin/stanford?a=d&d=stanford20091007-01.2.4 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*Wacky Walk: At commencement, graduates forgo a more traditional entrance and instead stride into Stanford Stadium in a large procession wearing wacky costumes.<ref name="official traditions" /><ref>{{cite web |title=How do you explain Stanford's Wacky Walk? |date=June 8, 2018 |publisher=Stanford News Service |url=https://news.stanford.edu/2018/06/08/wacky-walk/ |access-date=August 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
*Steam Tunneling: Stanford has a network of underground brick-lined tunnels that conduct central heating to more than 200 buildings via steam pipes. Students sometimes navigate the corridors, rooms, and locked gates, carrying flashlights and water bottles.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pipe Dreams |last=Baughman |first=Shawnee |date=April 12, 2010 |newspaper=The Stanford Daily |url=https://www.stanforddaily.com/2010/04/12/pipedreams/ |access-date=August 20, 2021 |archive-date=August 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820212457/https://www.stanforddaily.com/2010/04/12/pipedreams/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Stanford Magazine'' named steam tunneling one of the "101 things you must do" before graduating from the Farm in 2000.<ref>{{cite web |title=How Many Have You Done? |author=<!--no byline; staff article--> |date=September–October 2000 |magazine=Stanford Magazine |url=https://stanfordmag.org/contents/how-many-have-you-done |access-date=August 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
*Band Run: An annual festivity at the beginning of the school year, where the band picks up freshmen from dorms across campus while stopping to perform at each location, culminating in a finale performance at [[Main Quad (Stanford University)|Main Quad]].<ref name="Stanford Daily traditions" /><br />
*Viennese Ball: A formal [[Ball (dance)|ball]] with [[waltzes]] that was initially started in the 1970s by students returning from the now-closed (since 1987) Stanford in [[Vienna]] overseas program. It is now open to all students.<ref>{{cite news |title=Strictly Ballroom |first=Theresa |last=Johnston |work=Stanford Magazine |publisher=Stanford Alumni Association |date=May 2002 |url=http://www.stanfordalumni.org/news/magazine/2002/mayjun/features/vienneseball.html |access-date=August 1, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221113650/http://www.stanfordalumni.org/news/magazine/2002/mayjun/features/vienneseball.html |archive-date=February 21, 2010 }}</ref><br />
*The long-unofficial motto of Stanford, selected by President Jordan, is "''Die Luft der Freiheit weht.''"<ref name="stanford_facts_founding">{{cite web |title=Stanford Facts: The Founding of the University |url=http://facts.stanford.edu/about/ |publisher=Stanford University |date=2014 |access-date=December 11, 2014 |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213020952/http://facts.stanford.edu/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Translated from the German language, this quotation from [[Ulrich von Hutten]] means, "The wind of freedom blows." The motto was controversial during World War I, when anything in German was suspect; at that time the university disavowed that this motto was official.<ref name="casper" /> It was made official by way of incorporation into an official seal by the board of trustees in December 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://exhibits.stanford.edu/becoming-stanford/feature/the-university-seal |title=The University Seal |website=Stanford Libraries |date=May 31, 2016 |access-date=November 17, 2021 |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204061110/https://exhibits.stanford.edu/becoming-stanford/feature/the-university-seal |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
*Degree of Uncommon Man/Uncommon Woman: Stanford does not award honorary degrees,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://registrar.stanford.edu/bulletin/4913.htm |title=Stanford Bulletin: Conferral of Degrees |access-date=September 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228213935/http://registrar.stanford.edu/bulletin/4913.htm |archive-date=December 28, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.stanford.edu/dept/registrar/bulletin0809/4913.htm |title=Stanford Bulletin 2008/2009: Conferral of Degrees |website=Web.stanford.edu |access-date=September 19, 2014}}</ref> but in 1953 the "degree of Uncommon Man/Uncommon Woman" was created by Stanford Associates, part of the Stanford alumni organization, to recognize alumni who give rare and extraordinary service to the university. It is awarded not at prescribed intervals, but instead only when the president of the university deems it appropriate to recognize extraordinary service. Recipients include [[Herbert Hoover]], [[Bill Hewlett]], [[Dave Packard]], [[Lucile Packard Foundation for Children's Health#Lucile Packard|Lucile Packard]], and [[John W. Gardner|John Gardner]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Degree of Uncommon Man/Woman |publisher=Stanford Alumni Association |url=https://associates.alumni.stanford.edu/awards/degree-uncommon-manwoman |access-date=August 20, 2021 |archive-date=August 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820202440/https://associates.alumni.stanford.edu/awards/degree-uncommon-manwoman }}</ref><br />
*Former campus traditions include the Big Game bonfire on [[Lake Lagunita]] (a seasonal lake usually dry in the fall), which was formally ended in 1997 because of the presence of endangered [[salamander]]s in the lake bed.<ref>Stanford Press Release, October 1, 1997 [http://news.stanford.edu/pr/97/971001bonfire.html Big Game Bonfire is a tradition of the past] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612105556/http://news.stanford.edu/pr/97/971001bonfire.html |date=June 12, 2016 }}</ref><br />
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=== Religious life ===<br />
Students and staff at Stanford are of many different religions. The Stanford Office for Religious Life's mission is "to guide, nurture and enhance spiritual, religious and ethical life within the Stanford University community" by promoting enriching dialogue, meaningful ritual, and enduring friendships among people of all religious backgrounds. It is headed by a dean with the assistance of a senior associate dean and an associate dean.<br />
[[Stanford Memorial Church]], in the center of campus, has a Sunday University Public Worship service (UPW) usually in the "Protestant Ecumenical Christian" tradition where the Memorial Church Choir sings and a sermon is preached usually by one of the Stanford deans for Religious Life. UPW sometimes has multifaith services. In addition, the church is used by the Catholic community and the other Christian denominations at Stanford. Weddings happen most Saturdays and the university has allowed blessings of [[same-gender relationship]]s and legal weddings.<ref>{{cite web |title=University Public Worship |work=Office for Religious Life |publisher=Stanford University |url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/religiouslife/cgi-bin/wordpress/memorial-church/university-public-worship/ |access-date=October 5, 2013 |archive-date=July 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715011708/http://web.stanford.edu/group/religiouslife/cgi-bin/wordpress/memorial-church/university-public-worship/ }}</ref><br />
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In addition to the church, the Office for Religious Life has a Center for Inter-Religious Community, Learning, and Experiences (CIRCLE) on the third floor of Old Union. It offers a common room, an interfaith sanctuary, a seminar room, a student lounge area, and a reading room, as well as offices housing a number of Stanford Associated Religions (SAR) member groups and the Senior Associate Dean and Associate Dean for Religious Life. Most though not all religious student groups belong to SAR. The SAR directory includes organizations that serve atheist, [[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼí]], Buddhist, Christian, Hindu, Muslim, Jewish, and Sikh groups, though these groups vary year by year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stanford Associated Religions |work=Office for Religious Life |publisher=Stanford University |url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/religiouslife/cgi-bin/wordpress/students/sar/ |access-date=October 5, 2013 |archive-date=July 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705083841/http://web.stanford.edu/group/religiouslife/cgi-bin/wordpress/students/sar/ }}</ref> The Windhover Contemplation Center was dedicated in October 2014, and was intended to provide spiritual sanctuary for students and staff in the midst of their course and work schedules; the center displays the "Windhover" paintings by [[Nathan Oliveira]], the late Stanford professor and artist.<ref>{{cite web |last=Xu |first=Victor |title=Windhover contemplative center to finish by early summer |work=The Stanford Daily |date=May 8, 2014 |url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/2014/05/08/windhover-contemplative-center-to-finish-by-early-summer/ |access-date=September 30, 2014}}</ref> Some religions have a larger and more formal presence on campus in addition to the student groups; these include the Catholic and Hillel communities at Stanford.<ref>{{cite web |title=Catholic Community at Stanford: About us |url=http://catholic.stanford.edu/about/welcome |access-date=December 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913010012/http://catholic.stanford.edu/about/welcome |archive-date=September 13, 2011 }} The Catholic Community is a personal parish in the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of San Jose in California|Diocese of San Jose]] and staffed by the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] and lay leaders.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hillel at Stanford: About |url=http://hillel.stanford.edu/about/ |access-date=October 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009065021/http://hillel.stanford.edu/about/ |archive-date=October 9, 2013 }}</ref><br />
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=== Greek life ===<br />
Fraternities and sororities have been active on the Stanford campus since 1891 when the university first opened. In 1944, University President [[Donald Tresidder]] banned all Stanford sororities due to extreme competition.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stanford.kappa.org/chapter-history |title=Kappa Kappa Gamma – Beta Eta Deuteron History |publisher=kappakappagamma.org |date= |access-date=May 11, 2021}}</ref> However, following [[Title IX]], the Board of Trustees lifted the 33-year ban on sororities in 1977.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cgi.stanford.edu/group/chiomega/cgi-bin/history.php |title=Chi Omega – Nu Alpha – History |website=Cgi.stanford.edu |access-date=September 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120104456/http://cgi.stanford.edu/group/chiomega/cgi-bin/history.php |archive-date=January 20, 2013}}</ref> Students are not permitted to join a fraternity or sorority until spring quarter of their freshman year.<ref name="greek-faq">{{cite web |title=Frequently Asked Questions |url=https://resx.stanford.edu/news-values/faq/recruitment-and-intake/frequently-asked |website=Stanford Residential Education |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=May 12, 2021}}{{Dead link|date=June 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Stanford has thirty-one Greek organizations, including fourteen sororities and sixteen fraternities. Nine of the Greek organizations were housed (eight in University-owned houses and one, [[Sigma Chi]], in their own house, although the land is owned by the university).<ref name="daily-summer-chi">{{cite news |last1=Soong-Shiong |first1=Nika |title=Life at Summer Chi |url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/2013/08/23/life-at-summer-chi/ |access-date=June 17, 2016 |work=Stanford Daily |date=August 23, 2013}}</ref> Five chapters were members of the African American Fraternal and Sororal Association, eleven chapters were members of the Interfraternity Council, seven chapters belonged to the Intersorority Council, and six chapters belonged to the Multicultural Greek Council.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://resed.stanford.edu/residences/fsl-organizations |title=FSL Organizations |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=June 16, 2016 |archive-date=June 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611030246/https://resed.stanford.edu/residences/fsl-organizations }}</ref><br />
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=== Student groups ===<br />
[[File:GSPB urban hike.jpg|thumb|Students on an urban hike organized by the Graduate Student Programming Board (GSPB)]]<br />
Stanford has more than 600 student organizations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://admission.stanford.edu/student/communities/index.html |title=Campus Communities & Service Opportunities: Student Organizations |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=May 10, 2020}}</ref> Groups are often, though not always, partially funded by the university via allocations directed by the student government organization, the ASSU. These funds include "special fees", which are decided by a Spring Quarter vote by the student body. Groups span athletics and recreation, careers/pre-professional, community service, ethnic/cultural, fraternities and sororities, health and counseling, media and publications, the arts, political and social awareness, and religious and philosophical organizations. In contrast to many other selective universities, Stanford policy mandates that all recognized student clubs be "broadly open" for all interested students to join.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Liu |first=Dustin |date=February 27, 2019 |title=GUEST ROOM {{!}} The Problem With Selective Organizations |url=https://cornellsun.com/2019/02/27/guest-room-the-problem-with-selective-organizations/ |access-date=October 10, 2021 |website=The Cornell Daily Sun |language=en-US |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211010061141/https://cornellsun.com/2019/02/27/guest-room-the-problem-with-selective-organizations/ |archive-date=October 10, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Long |first=Evelyn |date=January 17, 2020 |title=Thank you for your interest: The problem with selective clubs. |url=http://northbynorthwestern.com/thank-you-for-your-interest-the-problem-with-selective-clubs/ |access-date=October 10, 2021 |website=North by Northwestern |language=en |archive-date=October 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015075228/https://www.northbynorthwestern.com/thank-you-for-your-interest-the-problem-with-selective-clubs/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership |url=https://ose.stanford.edu/policies/student-organization-policies/membership |access-date=October 10, 2021 |website=Office of Student Engagement |archive-date=October 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010061150/https://ose.stanford.edu/policies/student-organization-policies/membership }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Northwestern joins Harvard in urging exclusive clubs to open up their membership |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/05/24/northwestern-joins-harvard-urging-exclusive-clubs-open-their-membership |access-date=October 10, 2021 |website=Inside Higher Ed |first1=Jake |last1=New |date=May 24, 2016 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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''[[The Stanford Daily]]'' is a student-run daily newspaper and has been published since the university was founded in 1892.<ref>{{cite web |title=About |url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/about/ |website=Stanford Daily |access-date=June 12, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612172753/http://www.stanforddaily.com/about/ |archive-date=June 12, 2016 }}</ref> The student-run radio station, [[KZSU]] Stanford 90.1 FM, features freeform music programming, sports commentary, and news segments; it started in 1947 as an AM radio station.<ref>{{cite web |title=About KZSU |website=KZSU Stanford 90.1 FM |publisher=Stanford University |url=http://kzsu.stanford.edu/stationinfo/ |access-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> [[The Stanford Review]] is a conservative student newspaper founded in 1987.<ref name="review">{{cite web |last1=Wallace |first1=Lisa |last2=Atallah |first2=Alex |title=A Brief and Non-Exhaustive History of the Stanford Review |url=http://stanfordreview.org/article/a-brief-and-non-exhaustive-history-of-the-stanford-review/ |website=Stanford Review |access-date=June 12, 2016 |date=February 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611193736/http://stanfordreview.org/article/a-brief-and-non-exhaustive-history-of-the-stanford-review/ |archive-date=June 11, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Fountain Hopper]]'' (''FoHo'') is a financially independent, anonymous student-run campus [[Tabloid journalism|rag]] publication, notable for having broken the [[People v. Turner|Brock Turner story.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanford, the swimmer and Yik Yak: can talk of campus rape go beyond secrets? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/feb/08/stanford-swimmer-yik-yak-campus-rape |last1=Glenza |first1=Jessica |last2=Carroll |first2=Rory |date=February 8, 2015 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en |access-date=May 10, 2020}}</ref> Stanford hosts numerous environmental and sustainability-oriented student groups, including Students for a Sustainable Stanford, Students for Environmental and Racial Justice, and Stanford Energy Club.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Student Groups |url=https://sustainable.stanford.edu/be-cardinal-green/students/student-groups |access-date=February 27, 2022 |website=Sustainable Stanford – Stanford University |language=en |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227232327/https://sustainable.stanford.edu/be-cardinal-green/students/student-groups }}</ref> Stanford is a member of the Ivy Plus Sustainability Consortium, through which it has committed to best-practice sharing and the ongoing exchange of campus sustainability solutions along with other member institutions.<ref>name="Leadership Through Partnership">{{cite web|title=Leadership Through Partnership|url=https://sustainability.yale.edu/priorities-progress/leadership/leadership-through-partnership|access-date=November 18, 2023|publisher=Yale Sustainability}}</ref><br />
<br />
Stanford is also home to a large number of pre-professional student organizations, organized around missions from startup incubation to paid consulting. The [[Business Association of Stanford Entrepreneurial Students]] (BASES) is one of the largest professional organizations in Silicon Valley, with over 5,000 members.<ref>{{cite web |title=A new student's guide to Stanford's entrepreneurial ecosystem, part 2 |url=https://www.stanforddaily.com/2021/07/04/a-new-students-guide-to-stanfords-entrepreneurial-ecosystem-part-2/#:~:text=The%20largest%20and%20oldest%20of%20which%20is%20BASES,5%2C000%20general%20members%20on%20their%20weekly%20mailing%20list. |website=The Stanford Daily |access-date=October 6, 2021 |date=July 4, 2021}}</ref> Its goal is to support the next generation of entrepreneurs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Team |url=https://bases.stanford.edu/team |website=BASES: Business Association of Stanford Entrepreneurial Students |access-date=October 6, 2021 |archive-date=October 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006160127/https://bases.stanford.edu/team }}</ref> [[StartX]] is a non-profit startup accelerator for student and faculty-led [[Startup company|startups]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://startx.com/about |title=About StartX |work=StartX}}</ref> It is staffed primarily by students.<ref>{{cite web |title=StartX Demo Day attracts Stanford-connected start-ups, Silicon Valley investors |url=https://www.stanforddaily.com/2013/02/08/startx-demo-day-attracts-stanford-connected-start-ups-silicon-valley-investors/ |website=The Stanford Daily |access-date=October 6, 2021 |date=February 8, 2013}}</ref> Stanford Women In Business (SWIB) is an on-campus business organization, aimed at helping Stanford women find paths to success in the generally male-dominated technology industry.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wallace |first=Elizabeth |title=Stanford Women in Business hosts events to boost entrepreneurship |newspaper=[[The Stanford Daily]] |date=May 25, 2015 |url=https://www.stanforddaily.com/2015/05/25/stanford-women-in-business-hosts-events-to-boost-entrepreneurship/ |access-date=May 10, 2020}}</ref> Stanford Marketing is a student group that provides students hands-on training through research and strategy consulting projects with [[Fortune 500]] clients, as well as workshops led by people from industry and professors in the [[Stanford Graduate School of Business]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stanfordmarketing.org/ |title=Stanford Marketing |access-date=February 7, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stanfordmarketing.org/recruitment/ |title=Become An Associate |access-date=February 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209070557/http://www.stanfordmarketing.org/recruitment/ |archive-date=February 9, 2015}}</ref> Stanford Finance provides mentoring and internships for students who want to enter a career in finance. Stanford Pre Business Association is intended to build connections among industry, alumni, and student communities.<ref>{{cite web |title=Planning for Business School {{!}} Academic Advising |url=https://advising.stanford.edu/beyond-undergrad/planning-business-school |website=advising.stanford.edu |access-date=October 6, 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Stanford is also home to several academic groups focused on government and politics, including Stanford in Government and Stanford Women in Politics. The Stanford Society for Latin American Politics is Stanford's first student organization focused on the region's political, economic, and social developments, working to increase the representation and study of [[Latin America]] on campus. Former guest speakers include [[José Mujica]] and [[Gustavo Petro]].<ref>{{cite web |title="About Us" |url=https://sslap.stanford.edu/about-us |website=Stanford Society for Latin American Politics |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=24 February 2023}}</ref> Other groups include:<br />
*The Stanford Axe Committee is the official guardian of the [[Stanford Axe]] and the rest of the time assists the [[Stanford Band]] as a supplementary spirit group. It has existed since 1982.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stanford Axe Committee: About us |url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/axecomm/cgi-bin/wordpress/?page_id=67 |access-date=October 5, 2013 |archive-date=October 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017115343/http://web.stanford.edu/group/axecomm/cgi-bin/wordpress/?page_id=67 }}</ref><br />
*Stanford American Indian Organization (SAIO) which hosts the annual Stanford Powwow started in 1971. This is the largest student-run event on campus and the largest student-run powwow in the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Founding of SAIO {{!}} Native American Cultural Center |url=https://nacc.stanford.edu/about-nacc/history-timelines/founding-saio |website=nacc.stanford.edu |access-date=October 30, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sanchez |first1=Tatiana |title=Stanford Powwow celebrates Native American history, culture |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2017/05/13/stanford-powwow-celebrates-native-american-history-culture/ |access-date=October 30, 2019 |work=The Mercury News |date=May 13, 2017}}</ref><br />
*The Stanford Improvisors (SImps for short) teach and perform improvisational theatre on campus and in the surrounding community.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Stanford Improvisors |url=https://www.stanfordimprovisors.com/ |access-date=March 16, 2021 |website=stanfordimprovisors.com}}</ref> In 2014 the group finished second in the Golden Gate Regional College Improv tournament,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sfimprovfestival.com/2014/01/31/tall-grande-venti-takes-top-bay-college-title-to-rep-sf-in-nationals/ |title=Tall, Grande, Venti Takes Top Bay College Title to Rep SF in Nationals! |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702150359/http://sfimprovfestival.com/2014/01/31/tall-grande-venti-takes-top-bay-college-title-to-rep-sf-in-nationals/ |archive-date=July 2, 2015 }}</ref> and they have since been invited twice to perform at the annual San Francisco Improv Festival.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sfimprovfestival.com/performers2014/simps/ |title=San Francisco Improv Festival |website=Sfimprovfestival.com |access-date=November 15, 2017 |archive-date=September 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908062218/http://sfimprovfestival.com/performers2014/simps/ }}</ref><br />
*[[Asha for Education]] is a national student group founded in 1991. It focuses mainly on education in India and supporting nonprofit organizations that work mainly in the education sector. Asha's Stanford chapter organizes events like [[Holi]] as well as lectures by prominent leaders from India on the university campus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stanford.ashanet.org/blog/2015/11/asha-dandiya-featured-in-india-abroad-magazine/ |title=Asha Dandiya featured in India Abroad Magazine |publisher=Asha Stanford |date=November 21, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://stanford.ashanet.org/blog/2015/10/adhik-kadams-100-mile-bike-ride-for-100-donors/ |title=Adhik Kadam's 100-mile bike ride for 100 donors |publisher=Asha Stanford |date=October 5, 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Safety ===<br />
Stanford's Department of Public Safety is responsible for law enforcement and safety on the main campus. Its deputy sheriffs are [[peace officers]] by arrangement with the [[Santa Clara County Sheriff's Office]].<ref name="police-employment">{{cite web |title=Employment Opportunities |url=http://www.stanford.edu/group/SUDPS/employment.shtml |website=Stanford University Department of Public Safety |access-date=June 11, 2016}}</ref> The department is also responsible for publishing an annual crime report covering the previous three years as required by the [[Clery Act]].<ref name="clery">{{cite web |title=Safety & Security Results: Crime Statistics |url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/SUDPS/safety-report/stats-toc.shtml |website=Stanford University Department of Public Safety |access-date=June 11, 2016 |archive-date=June 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611051350/http://web.stanford.edu/group/SUDPS/safety-report/stats-toc.shtml }}</ref> Fire protection has been provided by contract with the Palo Alto Fire Department since 1976.<ref name="fire-dispute">{{cite news |last1=Sheyner |first1=Gennady |title=Palo Alto, Stanford clash over fire services |url=http://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2015/10/22/palo-alto-stanford-clash-over-fire-services |access-date=June 11, 2016 |publisher=Palo Alto Online |date=October 22, 2015}}</ref> Murder is rare on the campus, although a few cases have been notorious, including the 1974 murder of [[Arlis Perry]] in Stanford Memorial Church, which was not solved until 2018.<ref name="PAO">{{Cite web |url=https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2018/06/28/suspect-in-grisly-stanford-memorial-church-murder-kills-self |title=Sheriff: Grisly 1974 Stanford murder solved |author=Staff |date=June 29, 2018 |website=PaloAltoOnline.com |access-date=November 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913153323/https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2018/06/28/suspect-in-grisly-stanford-memorial-church-murder-kills-self |archive-date=September 13, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Also infamous was [[Theodore Streleski]]'s murder of his faculty advisor in 1978.<ref name="daily-murder">{{cite news |last1=Xu |first1=Victor |title=A history of murder at Stanford |url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/2014/10/10/a-history-of-murder-at-stanford/ |access-date=June 12, 2016 |work=Stanford Daily |date=October 10, 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Campus sexual misconduct ====<br />
In 2014, Stanford was the tenth highest in the nation in "total of reports of rape" on their main campus, with 26 reports of rape.<ref name=":wsj2016" >{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/06/07/these-colleges-have-the-most-reports-of-rape/ |title=These colleges have the most reports of rape |first=Nick |last=Anderson |date=June 7, 2016 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> In Stanford's 2015 Campus Climate Survey, 4.7 percent of female undergraduates reported experiencing sexual assault as defined by the university, and 32.9 percent reported experiencing sexual misconduct.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |url=http://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2015/10/01/one-third-of-stanford-women-experience-sexual-misconduct-survey-finds |title=One-third of Stanford women experience sexual misconduct, survey finds |last=Kadvany |first=Elena |date=October 1, 2015 |work=Palo Alto Online |access-date=June 15, 2016}}</ref> According to the survey, 85% of perpetrators of misconduct were Stanford students and 80% were men.<ref name=":4" /> Perpetrators of sexual misconduct were frequently aided by alcohol or drugs, according to the survey: "Nearly three-fourths of the students whose responses were categorized as sexual assault indicated that the act was accomplished by a person or persons taking advantage of them when they were drunk or high, according to the survey. Close to 70 percent of students who reported an experience of sexual misconduct involving nonconsensual penetration and/or oral sex indicated the same."<ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
Associated Students of Stanford and student and alumni activists with the anti-rape group Stand with Leah criticized the survey methodology for downgrading incidents involving alcohol if students did not check two separate boxes indicating they were both intoxicated and incapacity while sexually assaulted.<ref name=":4" /> Reporting on the Brock Turner rape case, a reporter from ''[[The Washington Post]]'' analyzed campus rape reports submitted by universities to the U.S. Department of Education, and found that Stanford was one of the top ten universities in campus rapes in 2014, with 26 reported that year, but when analyzed by rapes per 1000 students, Stanford was not among the top ten.<ref name=":wsj2016" /><br />
<br />
==== ''People v. Turner'' ====<br />
{{Main|People v. Turner}}<br />
<br />
On the night of January 17–18, 2015, 22-year-old [[Chanel Miller]], who was visiting the campus to attend a party at the fraternity [[Kappa Alpha Order]], was sexually assaulted by Brock Turner, a nineteen-year-old freshman student-athlete from Ohio. Two Stanford graduate students witnessed the attack and intervened; when Turner attempted to flee the two held him down on the ground until police arrived.<ref name=NYToutrage>Liam Stack for ''The New York Times''. June 6, 2016 [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/07/us/outrage-in-stanford-rape-case-over-dueling-statements-of-victim-and-attackers-father.html Light Sentence for Brock Turner in Stanford Rape Case Draws Outrage]</ref> Stanford immediately referred the case to prosecutors and offered Miller counseling, and within two weeks had barred Turner from campus after conducting an investigation.<ref>Ashley Fantz for CNN June 7, 2016 [https://www.cnn.com/2016/06/06/us/sexual-assault-brock-turner-stanford/ Outrage over 6-month sentence for Brock Turner in Stanford rape case]</ref> Turner was convicted on three felony charges in March 2016 and in June 2016 he received a jail sentence of six months and was declared a sex offender, requiring him to register as such for the rest of his life; prosecutors had sought a six-year prison sentence out of the maximum 14 years that was possible.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.mercurynews.com/peninsula/ci_29970782/palo-alto-former-stanford-swimmer-gets-6-months| title=Stanford sex assault: Brock Turner gets 6 months in jail| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603152038/https://www.mercurynews.com/peninsula/ci_29970782/palo-alto-former-stanford-swimmer-gets-6-months| archive-date=2016-06-03 | newspaper=Mercurynews.com| access-date=2023-10-18}}</ref> The case and the relatively lenient sentence drew nationwide attention.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2016/06/06/stanford-sexual-assault-victim-statement-viral/ |title=Stanford Sex Assault Victim's Story Draws Worldwide Reaction |last=Fehely |first=Devin |date=June 6, 2016 |work=CBS SF Bay Area |access-date=June 10, 2016}}</ref> Two years later, the judge in the case, Stanford graduate [[Aaron Persky]], was recalled by the voters.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/06/us/judge-aaron-persky-recall-results-brock-turner/index.html |title=Voters oust judge who gave Brock Turner 6 months for sex assault |date=June 6, 2018 |work=CNN |access-date=September 2, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kimmel |first1=Michael |title=Guyland. The perilous world where boys become men. |date=2018 |publisher=HarperCollins |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-288573-9 |pages=1–2}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Joe Lonsdale ====<br />
{{see also|Joe Lonsdale#Sexual assault allegations}}<br />
In February 2015, Elise Clougherty filed a sexual assault and harassment lawsuit against venture capitalist [[Joe Lonsdale]].<ref name=Benner>Katie Benner for Bloomberg News. February 2, 2015 [https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2015-02-02/clougherty-s-sexual-assault-suit-against-formation-8-s-lonsdale Benner on Tech: Parsing a Sexual Assault Suit]</ref><ref name=Bazelon1>Emily Bazelon for ''The New York Times''. February 11, 2015 [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/15/magazine/the-stanford-undergraduate-and-the-mentor.html The Stanford Undergraduate and the Mentor]</ref> Lonsdale and Clougherty entered into a relationship in the spring of 2012 when she was a junior and he was her mentor in a Stanford entrepreneurship course.<ref name=Bazelon1 /> By the spring of 2013 Clougherty had broken off the relationship and filed charges at Stanford that Lonsdale had broken the Stanford policy against consensual relationships between students and faculty and that he had sexually assaulted and harassed her, which resulted in Lonsdale being banned from Stanford for 10 years.<ref name=Bazelon1 /> Lonsdale challenged Stanford's finding that he had sexually assaulted and harassed her and Stanford rescinded that finding and the campus ban in the fall of 2015.<ref>Emily Bazelon for ''The New York Times''. November 4, 2015 [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/04/magazine/the-lessons-of-stanfords-sex-assault-case-reversal.html The Lessons of Stanford's Sex-Assault-Case Reversal]</ref> Clougherty withdrew her suit that fall as well.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-privateequity-lonsdale-lawsuit-idUSKCN0SR23Q20151102?feedType=RSS&feedName=technologyNews |title=Woman drops sex assault case against U.S. venture capitalist |newspaper=Reuters |date=November 2, 2015 |last1=McBride |first1=Dan Levine}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Notable people ==<br />
{{Main|List of Stanford University alumni|List of Stanford University faculty and staff}}<br />
<!-- Place information about specific people in the List of Stanford University people article. Some people can also be integrated into the running text of this article, e.g., university presidents in the history section --><br />
<br />
=== Award laureates and scholars ===<br />
{{Main list|List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Stanford University|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Stanford's current community of scholars includes:<br />
*2 [[Association for Computational Linguistics|ACL]] Lifetime Achievement Award winners;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aclweb.org/aclwiki/index.php? |title=ACL Lifetime Achievement Award Recipients |access-date=August 1, 2024}}</ref><br />
*3 [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] winners;<ref name="stanford_facts_faculty" /><ref name="Teller">{{cite news |first=Dawn |last=Levy |title=Edward Teller wins Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=http://news-service.stanford.edu/pr/03/teller723.html |date=July 22, 2003 |access-date=November 17, 2008 |quote=Teller, 95, is the third Stanford scholar to be awarded a Presidential Medal of Freedom. The others are Nobel Prize-winning economist Milton Friedman (1988) and former Secretary of State George Shultz (1989). |archive-date=June 14, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614040209/http://news-service.stanford.edu/pr/03/teller723.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Schad |first1=Tom |title=Katie Ledecky, Jim Thorpe among 2024 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients by Joe Biden |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2024/05/03/katie-ledecky-jim-thorpe-awarded-presidential-medal-of-freedom/73549309007/ |work=[[USA Today]] |date=May 3, 2024}}</ref><br />
*3 recipients of the [[National Medal of Technology]];<ref name="stanford_facts_faculty" /><br />
*4 [[Pulitzer Prize]] winners;<ref name="stanford_facts_faculty" /><br />
*6 recipients of the [[National Humanities Medal]];<ref name="stanford_facts_faculty" /><br />
*6 [[Turing Award]] winners;<br />
*7 [[Wolf Foundation Prize]] winners;<ref name="stanford_facts_faculty" /><br />
*10 recipients of the [[National Medal of Science]];<ref name="stanford_facts_faculty" /><br />
*14 [[AAAI]] fellows;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaai.org/Awards/fellows-list.php |title=Elected AAAI Fellows |access-date=February 9, 2011}}</ref><br />
*22 [[Nobel Prize]] laureates (as of 2022, 58 affiliates in total);<ref name=alumnifacts>{{cite web |title=Alumni: Stanford University Facts |url=http://facts.stanford.edu/alumni/ |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=December 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Stanford Nobel Laureates |url=http://news.stanford.edu/nobel/ |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=May 17, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Alvin E. Roth – Biographical |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2012/roth-bio.html |publisher=Nobel Foundation |access-date=May 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Richard E. Taylor – Biographical |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1990/taylor-bio.html |publisher=Nobel Foundation |access-date=May 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Press Release (Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006) |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2006/press.html |publisher=Nobel Foundation |access-date=May 30, 2017}}</ref><br />
*33 [[MacArthur Fellow]]s;<ref name="stanford_facts_faculty" /><br />
*47 members of [[American Philosophical Society]];<ref name="stanford_facts_faculty" /><br />
*56 fellows of the [[American Physics Society]] (since 1995);<ref>{{cite news |url=http://aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/archive-all.cfm |title=APS Fellows Archive |access-date=February 9, 2011}}</ref><br />
*90 members of [[National Academy of Medicine]];<ref name="stanford_facts_faculty" /><br />
*113 members of [[National Academy of Engineering]];<ref name="stanford_facts_faculty" /><br />
*174 members of the [[United States National Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]];<ref name="stanford_facts_faculty" /><br />
*303 members of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]].<ref name="stanford_facts_faculty" /><br />
<br />
Stanford's current and former faculty includes 58 Nobel laureates,<ref name="stanford_facts_faculty" /> as well as 29 winners of the [[Turing Award]], the so-called "Nobel Prize in computer science", comprising one-third of the [[List of Stanford University people#Computer science|awards given]] in its 44-year history. The university also has 27 [[ACM Fellow]]s and is affiliated with four [[Gödel Prize]] winners, four [[Knuth Prize]] recipients, ten [[IJCAI Computers and Thought Award]] winners, and fifteen [[Grace Murray Hopper Award]] winners for their work in the foundations of computer science. Stanford alumni have started many companies and, according to ''[[Forbes]]'', Stanford has produced the second highest number of billionaires of all universities.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/08/02/billionaire-study-harvard-stanford-business-billionaires-colleges-09-wealth.html |title=Billionaire University |access-date=April 15, 2011 |work=Forbes |first=Marie |last=Thibault |date=August 5, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.forbes.com/asap/1997/0825/059.html |title=What MIT Learned from Stanford |magazine=Forbes |date=August 25, 1997 |access-date=April 16, 2014 |last=Pfeiffer |first=Eric W.}}</ref><ref name="StanfordAlumCompanies">{{cite web |url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/wellspring/index.html |title=Stanford Entrepreneurs |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=March 11, 2011 |archive-date=July 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715223508/http://web.stanford.edu/group/wellspring/index.html }}</ref> By 2022, 128 Stanford students or alumni have also been named [[Rhodes Scholars]].<ref name="undergraduate-facts">{{cite web |title=Undergraduate Profile: Stanford University Facts |url=http://facts.stanford.edu/academics/undergraduate-facts |access-date=February 10, 2022 |website=Stanford Facts at a Glance |publisher=Stanford Office of University Communications |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
<gallery class="center" classes="center" mode="nolines" caption="Notable Stanford alumni include:"><br />
File:Herbert Hoover.jpg|[[Herbert Hoover]] (SB 1895), 31st [[President of the United States]], founder of Hoover Institution at Stanford. Trustee of Stanford for nearly 50 years.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hoover@100: The Cardinal Roots of Herbert and Lou Henry Hoover |url=https://histories.hoover.org/cardinal-roots/ |website=histories.hoover.org |publisher=Hoover Institution Library & Archives |access-date=12 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref><br />
File:Official Portrait of Prime Minister Rishi Sunak (cropped).jpg|[[Rishi Sunak]] (MBA 2006), former [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]]<br />
File:Yukio Hatoyama 20070824.jpg|[[Yukio Hatoyama]] (PhD 1976), former [[Prime Minister of Japan]]<br />
File:CJ Rehnquist.tif|[[William Rehnquist]] (AB 1948, AM 1948, LLB 1952) 16th [[Chief Justice of the United States]]<br />
File:Sandra Day O'Connor.jpg|[[Sandra Day O'Connor]] (AB 1950, LLB 1952), former [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]]<br />
File:Anthony Kennedy official SCOTUS portrait.jpg|[[Anthony Kennedy]] (AB 1958), former [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]]<br />
File:Stephen Breyer, SCOTUS photo portrait.jpg|[[Stephen Breyer]] (AB 1959), former [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]]<br />
File:Larry Page in the European Parliament, 17.06.2009 (cropped).jpg|[[Larry Page]] (MS 1998), founder of [[Alphabet Inc.]]<br />
File:Sergey Brin Ted 2010.jpg|[[Sergey Brin]] (MS 1995), founder of [[Alphabet Inc.]]<br />
File:Re publica 2015 - Tag 1 (17195424118).jpg|[[Reed Hastings]] (MS 1988), founder of [[Netflix Inc.]]<br />
File:Philknightfootball.jpg|[[Phil Knight]] (MBA 1962), founder of [[Nike Inc.]]<br />
File:2022 Reid Hoffman (cropped).jpg|[[Reid Hoffman]] (BS 1990), founder of [[LinkedIn Corporation]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
{{reflist|group=a}}<br />
<br />
<gallery class="center" classes="center" mode="nolines" caption="Notable present and past Stanford faculty include:"><br />
<br />
File:Philip_Zimbardo_(cropped).jpg|[[Philip Zimbardo]]<br />
<br />
File:TobiasWolff.jpg|[[Tobias Wolff]]<br />
<br />
File:Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg|[[Condoleezza Rice]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area|California}}<br />
*[[List of universities by number of billionaire alumni]]<br />
*[[List of colleges and universities in California]]<br />
*[[S*]] – a collaboration between seven universities and the [[Karolinska Institute]] for training in bioinformatics and genomics<br />
*[[Stanford School]]<br />
<br />
== Explanatory notes ==<br />
{{NoteFoot}}<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
<br />
* Mirrielees, Edith R. ''Stanford: the Story of a University'' (1959), popular history.<br />
* Mohr, James C. "Academic turmoil and public opinion: The Ross case at Stanford." ''Pacific Historical Review'' 39.1 (1970): 39–61. Economist was fired in 1900 for his liberalism. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3638197 online].<br />
* Medeiros, Frank Alfred. "The Sterling Years at Stanford: A study in the dynamics of institutional change" (PhD Dissertation. Stanford University; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 1979. 7917259)<br />
* Leslie, Stuart W. "Playing the education game to win: The military and interdisciplinary research at Stanford." ''Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences'' 18.1 (1987): 55–88. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27757596 online].<br />
* Davis, Margo Baumgartner, and Roxanne Nilan. ''The Stanford album: a photographic history, 1885–1945'' (Stanford University Press, 1989).<br />
* Altenberg, Lee. [http://dynamics.org/Altenberg/PAPERS/BCLSFV/ ''Beyond Capitalism: Leland Stanford's Forgotten Vision''] (Stanford Historical Society, 1990).<br />
* Lowen, Rebecca S. "Transforming the university: Administrators, physicists, and industrial and federal patronage at Stanford, 1935–49." ''History of Education Quarterly'' 31.3 (1991): 365–388.<br />
* Lowen, Rebecca S. " 'Exploiting a Wonderful Opportunity': The Patronage of Scientific Research at Stanford University, 1937–1965." ''Minerva'' (1992): 391–421. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41820884 online].<br />
* Kargon, Robert, and Stuart Leslie. "Imagined geographies: Princeton, Stanford and the boundaries of useful knowledge in postwar America." ''Minerva'' (1994): 121–143.<br />
* Leslie, Stuart W. ''The Cold War and American Science: The Military-Industrial-Academic Complex at MIT and Stanford'', ([[Columbia University Press]], 1994).<br />
* Lowen, Rebecca S., and R. S. Lowen, ''Creating the Cold War University: The Transformation of Stanford'', (University of California Press, 1997).<br />
* Cuban, Larry. "Change without reform: the case of Stanford University School of Medicine, 1908–1990." ''American Educational Research Journal'' 34.1 (1997): 83–122.<br />
* Fetter Jean. ''Questions and Admissions: Reflections on 100,000 Admissions Decisions at Stanford'' (1997), {{ISBN|0-8047-3158-6}}<br />
* Fenyo, Ken, ''The Stanford Daily 100 Years of Headlines'' (2003), {{ISBN|0-9743654-0-8}}<br />
* Gillmor, C. Stewart. ''Fred Terman at Stanford: Building a discipline, a university, and Silicon Valley'' (Stanford UP, 2004) [https://books.google.com/books?id=JJKgq1YCkeAC&dq=Stanford%E2%80%99s+Wallace+Sterling:+Portrait+of+a+Presidency,+1949%E2%80%931968&pg=PP11 online].<br />
* Adams, Stephen B. "Stanford and Silicon Valley: Lessons on becoming a high-tech region." ''California management review'' 48.1 (2005): 29–51.<br />
* Joncas, Ricard, David Neumann, and Paul V. Turner. ''The Campus Guide: Stanford University''. [[Princeton Architectural Press]], 2006. {{doi|10.1007/1-56898-664-5}}. {{isbn|978-1-56898-538-1}} (print); {{isbn|978-1-56898-664-7}} (online).<br />
* Lyman, Richard W. ''Stanford in turmoil: Campus unrest, 1966–1972'' (Stanford University Press, 2009) [https://books.google.com/books?id=R54Nnw0k-70C&dq=Stanford%E2%80%99s+Wallace+Sterling:+Portrait+of+a+Presidency,+1949%E2%80%931968&pg=PP10 online].<br />
* [[George H. Nash|Nash, George H.]] ''Herbert Hoover and Stanford University'' (Hoover Press, 2015) [https://books.google.com/books?id=hwnHCgAAQBAJ&dq=Herbert+Hoover+and+Stanford+University.+Nash,+George+H.+&pg=PT7 online].<br />
* Kennedy, Donald. ''A Place in the Sun: A Memoir'' (2018).<br />
* Nilan, Roxanne L., and Cassius L. Kirk Jr. ''Stanford's Wallace Sterling: Portrait of a Presidency 1949–1968'' (Stanford Up, 2023), a major scholarly history. [https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=38294 see description].<br />
* Tarnoff, Ben. "Better, Faster, Stronger" (review of John Tinnell, ''The Philosopher of Palo Alto: Mark Weisner, Xerox PARC, and the Original Internet of Things'', University of Chicago Press, 347 pp.; and [[Malcolm Harris]], ''Palo Alto: A History of California, Capitalism, and the World'', Little, Brown, 708 pp.), ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'', vol. LXX, no. 14 (21 September 2023), pp.&nbsp;38–40. "[Palo Alto is] a place where the [United States'] contradictions are sharpened to their finest points, above all the defining and enduring contradictions between democratic principle and antidemocratic practice. There is nothing as American as celebrating equality while subverting it. Or as Californian." (p.&nbsp;40.)<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category|Stanford University}}<br />
*{{Official website}}<br />
*[http://www.gostanford.com/ Stanford Athletics website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401192801/http://www.gostanford.com/ |date=April 1, 2015 }}<br />
*{{Wikisource-inline|list=<br />
**{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Leland Stanford Jr. University|short=x|noicon=x}}<br />
**{{Cite Americana |wstitle=Leland Stanford Junior University |short=x |noicon=x}}<br />
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[[Category:Need-blind educational institutions]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trauma_(2025_film)&diff=541815Trauma (2025 film)2026-03-19T15:53:14Z<p>Ranehospital: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|2025 Tamil film by Thambithurai Mariyappan}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Trauma (2025 film).jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = Thambithurai Mariyappan<br />
| writer = Thambithurai Mariyappan<br />
| producer = S Uma Maheshwari<br />
| starring = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[Vivek Prasanna]]<br />
* Prathosh<br />
* [[Chandini Tamilarasan]]<br />
* [[Poornima Ravi]]<br />
* [[Ananth Nag (Tamil actor)|Ananth Nag]]<br />
}}<br />
| cinematography = Ajith Srinivasan<br />
| editing = Mugan Vel<br />
| music = RS Rajprathap<br />
| studio = Turm Production<br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|3|21}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
}}'''''Trauma''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Crime-thriller film|crime thriller]] film written and directed by Thambithurai Mariyappan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DIN |date=2025-03-08 |title=ட்ராமா டிரெய்லர் வெளியானது! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Mar/08/trauma-official-trailer |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref> The film stars [[Vivek Prasanna]], Prathosh and [[Poornima Ravi]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-04 |title=இணையத்தில் கவனம் பெறும் 'ட்ராமா' படத்தின் ஃபர்ஸ்ட் லுக்! |url=https://news7tamil.live/the-first-look-of-the-film-drama-is-gaining-attention-on-the-internet.html |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=News7 Tamil |language=ta}}</ref> The film is produced by S Uma Maheshwari under the banner of Turm Production House.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-01-25 |title='Thaalilo' from Vivek Prasanna's Trauma out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jan/25/thaalilo-from-vivek-prasannas-trauma-out |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130102305/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jan/25/thaalilo-from-vivek-prasannas-trauma-out |archive-date=2025-01-30 |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=2025-01-11 |title=விவேக் பிரசன்னா நடித்த 'ட்ராமா' படத்தின் பர்ஸ்ட் சிங்கிள் வெளியானது |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/cinemanews/vivek-prasannas-trauma-movie-first-single-out-1138973 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126143610/https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/cinemanews/vivek-prasannas-trauma-movie-first-single-out-1138973 |archive-date=2025-01-26 |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=www.dailythanthi.com |language=ta}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Selvi is focused on settling her financial affairs before getting married, but her parents are looking for a suitable suitor for her. Jeeva loves Selvi, but she does not reciprocate. Selvi, who works at a petrol pump, wants to get her father Murugesan, an auto driver, a new car. Once, when Selvi receives the daily collection money from the petrol pump manager and goes to give it to her owner, he attempts to mistreat her while intoxicated, but Jeeva jumps to save her. After having a change of heart, Selvi now returns Jeeva's affection. They soon become intimate, and Selvi becomes pregnant. Selvi tries to contact Jeeva, but Jeeva does not answer. Selvi soon shocks her mother Parvathy by telling her she is pregnant, but Murugesan is unaware of the situation. Selvi declines Parvathy's request to abort her unborn child.<br />
<br />
Sundar and Geetha are a couple trying to have a child. Although they are pursuing various treatments, Sundar is the real cause of their childlessness. Sundar's friend Raghu counsels him to be honest because she longs to have a child of her own. Even though Sundar provides Geetha with excellent care, he conceals his incapacity to avoid upsetting her beliefs that they are unable to conceive. Sundar starts receiving natural medicine at the BCC clinic without her awareness. Sundar starts taking the medication and delivers it to Geetha without telling her. The drugs work quickly, and Geetha becomes pregnant. Soon after, Geetha gets a menacing call demanding a ransom of Rs. 50 lakhs for her private tapes that question the baby's biological father. Geetha is astonished to hear that she became pregnant only after receiving therapy for her husband's prolonged impotence. Sundar and Raghu run to the hospital, thinking they might have revealed the truth about Sundar's treatment, but they find it in a dilapidated state.<br />
<br />
Two dimwitted petty thieves, Ramesh and Mani, team up to steal the car for a bigger profit than small crimes on the advice of Suresh, the car mechanic. They break into a [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] car, but Suresh only gives Rs. 50,000, so they decide to steal a more expensive vehicle. Following numerous failures, the pair finds and steals a [[Mercedes-Benz|Benz]]. They are apprehended by the police while hurrying, and they discover Jeeva's body in the car's trunk. Ramesh and Mani are captured by [[Inspector]] Ajay Kumar, but they manage to get away. Ajay is under pressure to apprehend the two thieves as quickly as possible, as the news of Jeeva's body in the car becomes public. <br />
<br />
It is now revealed that the money-hungry head doctor who owns the BCC Clinic sends Jeeva, his goon, to impregnate the wives of the male patients who are impotent. Additionally, the drugs render them unconscious, and Natraj, another henchman, records Jeeva raping the patients' spouses so that they may use it to threaten and demand ransom. Since Jeeva had not returned her call, Selvi pursues Jeeva when she discovers him on the road. Selvi realizes that Jeeva was responsible for the heinous act of impregnating women and demanding ransom. Jeeva argues that he committed the crimes for financial gain and that he truly loved her. When Selvi pushes him away from her, he trips, falls, hits his head, and instantly passes away. To dispose of Jeeva's body, the doctor's goons load it into the Benz car's trunk, which Ramesh and Mani later take. After discovering that Jeeva had cheated on her daughter, Murugesan begs Selvi to have her child aborted, which Selvi reluctantly agrees to since she does not want to have a child with a sinner like Jeeva.<br />
<br />
At present, Geetha agrees to pay the Rs. 50 lakh ransom in exchange for her private videos. Ajay begins an investigation at the local bar to track down Jeeva's inebriated father Ganesan, but Ramesh and Mani, who are there, are apprehended by the police. On the road, Ramesh and Mani spot the head doctor, who is pursuing Geetha, and the cops now pursue the doctor. The doctor and his goons take Geetha, Sundar, and Raghu hostage after Geetha gives up the money. In a surprising turn of events, it is now revealed that Raghu is the driving force behind Sundar's treatment at BCC Clinic. Raghu goes on to say that to extract money from Sundar, he exploited his impotence. Geetha goes home when Raghu demands another 50 lakhs from her, but Ajay stops her. She tells him what transpired. Raghu and his goons engage in combat with the police. However, Geetha is aborted after slipping and falling while leaving the location.<br />
<br />
At the hospital, Sundar regrets not telling Geetha about his inability and laments that her dream has been dashed, and he cannot grant her request because of his impotence. Ajay tells Sundar that a man should be a responsible husband and father, not merely someone who gets women pregnant. Finally, Geetha and Sundar are shown adopting a child from an orphanage.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
* [[Vivek Prasanna]] as Sundar<br />
* [[Chandini Tamilarasan]] as Geetha<br />
* Prathosh as Jeeva<br />
* [[Poornima Ravi]] as Selvi<br />
* [[Ananth Nag (Tamil actor)|Ananth Nag]] as Raghu<br />
* [[G. Marimuthu]] as Murugesan, Selvi's father<br />
* [[Rama (actress)|Rama]] as Parvathy, Selvi's mother<br />
* Pazhanisamy<br />
* [[Namo Narayana]] as Petrol Pump Owner<br />
* [[Nizhalgal Ravi]] as Chief Minister<br />
* Saivam Ravi as Opposition Party Leader<br />
* [[Sanjeev Venkat|Sanjeev]] as Inspector Ajay Kumar<br />
* [[Vaiyapuri]] as Constable Ramanathan<br />
* [[Gayatri Rema]] as Raghu's wife<br />
* Pradeep K Vijayan as BCC Clinic Chief Doctor<br />
* Dilipan as Drunkard<br />
* Madhan Gopal as Ramesh, pickpocket<br />
* Selva<br />
* Aruvi Bala as Bala, Jeeva's friend<br />
* Agathiyan<br />
* Sakthivel Adhi Meena as Sub-Inspector Sudhakar<br />
* R. Darshan as Kumar, an auto driver (uncredited)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
The film is written and directed by debutant director Thambithurai Mariyappan,<ref>{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=2025-03-07 |title=விவேக் பிரசன்னாவின் "ட்ராமா" டிரெய்லர் வெளியீடு |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/cinemanews/vivek-prasanna-starring-trauma-trailer-out-1146990 |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=www.dailythanthi.com |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=இயக்குநர் வெங்கட் பிரபு வெளியிட்ட 'ட்ராமா' படத்தின் இரண்டாவது பாடல் |url=https://www.virakesari.lk/article/204855 |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=Virakesari.lk |language=en}}</ref> while the cinematography is handled by Ajith Srinivasan, editing by Mugan Vel, and RS Rajprathap serving as the music composer.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-05 |title=Vivek & Chandini to headline a thriller film on fertility fraud |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vivek-chandini-to-headline-a-thriller-lm-on-fertility-fraud/articleshow/118725069.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250308003020/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vivek-chandini-to-headline-a-thriller-lm-on-fertility-fraud/articleshow/118725069.cms |archive-date=2025-03-08 |access-date=2025-03-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=மக்கள் செல்வன்' விஜய் சேதுபதி வெளியிட்ட' ட்ராமா' படத்தின் ஃபர்ஸ்ட் லுக் |url=https://www.virakesari.lk/article/202891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104013227/https://www.virakesari.lk/article/202891 |archive-date=2025-01-04 |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=Virakesari.lk |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Music ==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Trauma<br />
| type = soundtrack<br />
| artist = RS Rajprathap<br />
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
| label = [[Saregama]]<br />
| producer = RS Rajprathap<br />
| misc = {{Singles<br />
|name = Trauma<br />
|type = soundtrack<br />
|single1 = Trauma Varalaama<br />
|single1date = 11 January 2025<br />
|single2 = Thaalilo<br />
|single2date = 24 January 2025<br />
|single3 = Oru Paarva<br />
|single3date = 12 February 2025<br />
|single4 = Yaar Yaaro<br />
|single4date = 12 March 2025<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
The music is composed by RS Rajprathap.<ref>{{Cite web |title=விவேக் பிரசன்னா நாயகனாக நடிக்கும் 'ட்ராமா' |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/cinemanews/126544 |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=en}}</ref> The first single "Trauma Varalaama" was released on 11 January 2025.{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}} The second single "Thaalilo" released on 24 January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-01-25 |title='Thaalilo' from Vivek Prasanna's Trauma out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jan/25/thaalilo-from-vivek-prasannas-trauma-out |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130102305/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jan/25/thaalilo-from-vivek-prasannas-trauma-out |archive-date=2025-01-30 |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> The third single "Oru Paarva" released on 12 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-02-12 |title='Oru Paarva' lyrical video from Trauma out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Feb/12/oru-paarva-lyrical-video-from-trauma-out |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> The fourth single "Yaar Yaaro" released on 12 March 2025.{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}}<br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| title1 = Trauma Varalaama<br />
| length1 = 3:08<br />
| lyrics1 = RS Rajprathap<br />
| extra1 = Guru Ayyadurai, Shruthi S, RS Rajprathap<br />
| title2 = Thaalilo<br />
| length2 = 4:12<br />
| lyrics2 = Magesh Balakrishnan<br />
| extra2 = [[K. S. Chithra]], RS Rajprathap<br />
| title3 = Oru Paarva<br />
| length3 = 3:33<br />
| lyrics3 = Magesh Balakrishnan<br />
| extra3 = [[Naresh Iyer]], [[Pooja Vaidyanath]]<br />
| title4 = Yaar Yaaro<br />
| length4 = 2:33<br />
| lyrics4 = Arun Bharathi<br />
| extra4 = Aparna Narayanan, [[Sai Vignesh]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
Abhinav Subramanian of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "The central scheme, involving fertility clinics and couples taking questionable medications, prompts several questions. No explanation is offered for how victims fail to question medication that renders them repeatedly unconscious, how assault goes undetected, or how blackmailers escape immediate police involvement. [...] It's the kind of movie where you see the pieces, but the picture never quite clicks."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Trauma Movie Review : Vivek Prasanna's nuanced performance gets lost in this film built on implausibility |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/trauma/movie-review/119266845.cms |access-date=2025-03-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Kirubhakar Purushothaman of ''[[News18]]'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "It is tempting to praise Trauma as it projects itself as a film with a noble cause — advocating child adoption. However, that seems to be just a means to an end.[...] It is easy to say that Trauma is living up to its name, which would even make for a good headline for the review."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trauma Movie Review: Vivek Prasanna's Film Suffers From Puerile Execution, But Underlines An Important Problem |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/trauma-movie-review-vivek-prasannas-film-suffers-from-puerile-execution-but-underlines-an-important-problem-9270102.html |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Akshay Kumar of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave 1/5 stars and wrote "Ultimately, ''Trauma'' suffers from a lack of coherence, weak character arcs, and misplaced narrative devices. Thambidurai Mariyappan's attempt to bind these narratives results in a disjointed film that lacks emotional depth and fails to leave a lasting impact."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-03-21 |title=Trauma Movie Review: This medical mafia thriller lives up to its title |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2025/Mar/21/trauma-movie-review-this-medical-mafia-thriller-lives-up-to-its-title |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2025 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2025 films]]<br />
[[Category:2025 directorial debut films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language crime thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2025 crime thriller films]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Murshid_Alam&diff=518117Mohammad Murshid Alam2026-03-17T04:21:44Z<p>Ranehospital: Done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Md Murshid Alam<br />
| office = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start = 2025<br />
| constituency = [[Jokihat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jokihat]]<br />
| predecessor = [[Mohammed Shahnawaz Alam]]<br />
| party = [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Md Murshid Alam''' is an Indian politician from [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] and a member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Jokihat Assembly constituency]] seat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohammad Murshid Alam , JOKIHAT candidate Bihar Election bio : Assets , Total Income , Liabilities , Criminal Cases and other details. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/candidates/Bihar2025/mohammad-murshid-alam-1690/ |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-14 |title=Jokihat Election Result 2025 Live: AIMIM's Mohammad Murshid Alam defeats JD(U)'s Manzar Alam with 28803 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/jokihat-assembly-election-results-2025-live-updates-vote-counting-bihar-jdu-nda-mahagathbandhan-rjd-baelb-2818997-2025-11-14 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohammad Murshid Alam, JOKIHAT AIMIM Election Results 2025: Mohammad Murshid Alam Vidhan Sabha Chunav Political Career, Education, Age, Vote Margin, Income News in Hindi, मोहम्मद मुर्शिद आलम जोकीहाट |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/assembly-chunav/bihar/candidate-mohammad-murshid-alam-3662 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=AajTak |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alam, Mohammad Murshid}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen politicians]]<br />
<br />
{{AIMIM-politician-stub}}</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rangeen&diff=529555Rangeen2026-03-16T18:53:04Z<p>Ranehospital: Starting Page</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2025 Indian drama TV series}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| image = Rangeen poster.jpg<br />
| caption =<br />
| genre =<br />
| based_on =<br />
| runtime = 35–45 minutes<br />
| creator = [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]]<br />
| director = {{Plainlist|<br />
* Amardeep Galsin<br />
* Amir Rizvi<br />
}}<br />
| writer = {{Plainlist|<br />
* Amardeep Galsin<br />
* Amir Rizvi<br />
}}<br />
| starring = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[Vineet Kumar Singh]]<br />
* [[Rajshri Deshpande]]<br />
* [[Taaruk Raina]]<br />
}}<br />
| theme_music_composer =<br />
| composer =<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| location = India<br />
| cinematography =<br />
| editor =<br />
| num_seasons = 1<br />
| num_episodes = 9<br />
| executive_producer = {{Plainlist|<br />
* Kabir Khan<br />
* Rajan Kapoor<br />
* Amardeep Galsin<br />
* Amir Rizvi<br />
}}<br />
| network = [[Prime Video|Amazon Prime Video]]<br />
| released =<br />
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2025|07|25}}<br />
| last_aired =<br />
| company = Kabir Khan Films Pvt. Ltd<br/>Blue Magic Films<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Rangeen''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[drama]] television series by [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]] and Rajan Kapoor. Directed by Amardeep Galsin and Amir Rizvi, it stars [[Vineet Kumar Singh]], [[Rajshri Deshpande]] and [[Taaruk Raina]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ganguly |first1=Risha |title=Rangeen Trailer OUT: Viineet Kumar Siingh, Rajshri Deshpande Series Explores Betrayal, Morality with Quirky Humour |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/rangeen-trailer-out-viineet-kumar-siingh-rajshri-deshpande-series-explores-betrayal-morality-with-quirky-humour-article-152318543 |access-date=27 July 2025 |work=[[Times Now]] |date=21 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727152408/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/rangeen-trailer-out-viineet-kumar-siingh-rajshri-deshpande-series-explores-betrayal-morality-with-quirky-humour-article-152318543 |archive-date=27 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Bohra |first=Anurag |title=Rangeen first look: Vineet Kumar Singh's new show to explore love and betrayal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/prime-video-rangeen-vineet-kumar-singh-comedy-series-premiere-july-25-love-betrayal-2756141-2025-07-15 |access-date=27 July 2025 |work=[[India Today]] |date=25 July 2025}}</ref> The series was released as an [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon Prime]] original on 25 July 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title='Rangeen' trailer: A betrayed husband turns to sex work to seek revenge on his cheating wife in this comedy series |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rangeen-trailer-viineet-kumar-siingh-rajshri-deshpande-taaruk-raina-prime-video/article69837391.ece |access-date=27 July 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 July 2025 |archive-date=26 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250726064401/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rangeen-trailer-viineet-kumar-siingh-rajshri-deshpande-taaruk-raina-prime-video/article69837391.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Keshri |first1=Shweta |title=Rangeen trailer: Viineet Siingh turns gigolo in wild revenge comedy |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/prime-video-rangeen-series-release-july-25-comedy-drama-betrayal-self-discovery-2758891-2025-07-21 |access-date=27 July 2025 |work=[[India Today]] |date=21 July 2025 |archive-date=24 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724042944/https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/prime-video-rangeen-series-release-july-25-comedy-drama-betrayal-self-discovery-2758891-2025-07-21 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Premise==<br />
In the midst of a stagnant marriage, an upright middle-aged man's world is turned upside down when he discovers his wife's secret trysts with a paid lover. Desperate to reclaim his manhood, he plunges into the world of paid intimacy, hidden in plain-sight. Yet his unconventional path to revenge forces him to confront his fragile ego, biases, and desires. Along the way, a mix of eccentric characters and absurd situations sparks unexpected epiphanies. Rangeen is a humorous and poignant exploration of identity, manhood, morality and the true cost of getting what you want.<br />
<br />
==Cast and characters==<br />
* [[Vineet Kumar Singh]] as Adarsh Johri<br />
* [[Rajshri Deshpande]] as Naina Johri<br />
* [[Taaruk Raina]] as Sunny<br />
* [[Meghna Malik]] as Renu<br />
* [[Sheeba Chaddha]] as Sitara<br />
* [[Smita Bansal]] as Nikki<br />
* [[Sanjeeta Bhattacharya]] as Lucky119<br />
* Sana Khanna as Nikki<br />
* [[Cyrus Sahukar]] as Jim<br />
* [[Megha Burman]] as Jazz<br />
* Ratnabali Bhattacharjee as Jugnu<br />
* Priyanka Charan as Daya<br />
* Chirag Katrecha as Vikki<br />
* Preetika Chawla as Mahek<br />
<br />
==Release==<br />
The series premiered on 25 July 2025 on [[Amazon Prime]].<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--staff byline; no author given--> |title=Viineet Kumar Siingh, Sheeba Chaddha starrer comedy-drama Rangeen gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2025/Jul/15/viineet-kumar-siingh-sheeba-chaddha-starrer-comedy-drama-rangeen-gets-release-date |access-date=27 July 2025 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=15 July 2025 |archive-date=16 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716165300/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2025/Jul/15/viineet-kumar-siingh-sheeba-chaddha-starrer-comedy-drama-rangeen-gets-release-date |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Episodes==<br />
{{Episode table |background= |overall= |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |episodes=<br />
{{Episode list<br />
| EpisodeNumber = 1<br />
| Title = Dimaag ke Keedey<br />
| DirectedBy = Kopal Naithani<br />
| WrittenBy = Amardeep Galsin & Amir Rizvi<br />
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|7|25}}<br />
| ShortSummary = A seemingly upright newspaper editor's life goes awry when he discovers that his wife is sleeping with a paid lover. Feeling emasculated, he makes a radical decision.<br />
| LineColor = <br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
| EpisodeNumber = 2<br />
| Title = Sanki<br />
| DirectedBy = Pranjal Dua<br />
| WrittenBy = Amardeep Galsin & Amir Rizvi<br />
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|7|25}}<br />
| ShortSummary = A raw confrontation with Naina drives Adarsh into a vengeful spiral, but he is out of his depth in an unfamiliar world. Naina doesn't know who to turn to, and Sunny finds himself stuck between the two.<br />
| LineColor = <br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
| EpisodeNumber = 3<br />
| Title = Cheenti<br />
| DirectedBy = Kopal Naithani & Pranjal Dua<br />
| WrittenBy = Amardeep Galsin & Amir Rizvi<br />
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|7|25}}<br />
| ShortSummary = Adarsh pressures Sunny's agent Sitara to hire him. Sitara arranges a trial, during which he leaves a lasting impression. Naina feels unwelcome in her parents' house.<br />
| LineColor = <br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
| EpisodeNumber = 4<br />
| Title = Sooja Hua Mooh<br />
| DirectedBy = Pranjal Dua<br />
| WrittenBy = Amardeep Galsin & Amir Rizvi<br />
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|7|25}}<br />
| ShortSummary = Adarsh is pursued by a young girl online. At a family function, Naina and Adarsh cross paths for the first time since their explosive argument. Meanwhile, Sunny spends time with Sitara's kids, and things get complicated.<br />
| LineColor = <br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
| EpisodeNumber = 5<br />
| Title = Magarmachh<br />
| DirectedBy = Kopal Naithani<br />
| WrittenBy = Amardeep Galsin & Amir Rizvi<br />
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|7|25}}<br />
| ShortSummary = Adarsh replaces Sitara's blue-eyed boy Sunny and is paired with the volatile and capricious Jugnu. With Sitara out of his life, Sunny loses his sparkle.<br />
| LineColor = <br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
| EpisodeNumber = 6<br />
| Title = Daldal<br />
| DirectedBy = Kopal Naithani<br />
| WrittenBy = Amardeep Galsin & Amir Rizvi<br />
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|7|25}}<br />
| ShortSummary = Adarsh moves up the ladder as he gets paired with the aristocratic Roshni, and Sunny sinks into a low as he accepts an uncomfortable arrangement. The boundaries of both gigolos are tested in different ways.<br />
| LineColor = <br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
| EpisodeNumber = 7<br />
| Title = Junglee Suar<br />
| DirectedBy = Kopal Naithani & Pranjal Dua<br />
| WrittenBy = Amardeep Galsin & Amir Rizvi<br />
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|7|25}}<br />
| ShortSummary = Through Jugnu, Adarsh experiences the thrill of his new world, while through Roshni, he witnesses its desolation. Naina confronts her mother and resorts to desperation, while Sunny faces every gigolo's worst nightmare.<br />
| LineColor = <br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
| EpisodeNumber = 8<br />
| Title = I'm the Man<br />
| DirectedBy = Kopal Naithani<br />
| WrittenBy = Amardeep Galsin & Amir Rizvi<br />
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|7|25}}<br />
| ShortSummary = Adarsh is hired by Renu as a stand-in fiancé, forcing a confrontation with his past. Sunny makes desperate attempts to reclaim his manhood while Naina must release herself from guilt before turning the page.<br />
| LineColor = <br />
}}<br />
{{Episode list<br />
| EpisodeNumber = 9<br />
| Title = Do Gadhey<br />
| DirectedBy = Pranjal Dua<br />
| WrittenBy = Amardeep Galsin & Amir Rizvi<br />
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|7|25}}<br />
| ShortSummary = Adarsh and Naina realise the futility of their pursuits. Sunny makes an unexpected revelation, but Adarsh's actions land him in trouble.<br />
| LineColor = <br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Rangeen Songs<br />
|-<br />
! Title !! Performer(s) !! Lyricist(s) !! Composer(s) !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| Bakra Rap || Taaruk Raina & Charan Singh Pathania || Taaruk Raina & Charan Singh Pathania || Taaruk Raina || Striking tonal contrast; blends rap and narrative to reflect the show’s dark comedy and emotional tension.<br />
|-<br />
| Khafa Toh Nahi || Suvarna Tiwari || Shubham Shirule || Shubham Shirule || Soft and introspective; explores guilt and emotional distance<br />
|-<br />
| Foolish Zindagi || Ajitesh Gupta || Raghav Dutt || Troy Arif || Bittersweet and whimsical; underscores the contradictions in the characters journeys and the ironies of modern life<br />
|-<br />
| Keeve Keeve || Mandy Gill, Shloke Lal || Shloke Lal || Shloke Lal || Reflects the need to let go of ego and self-righteousness; a gentle call to stop taking oneself so seriously and start truly living.<br />
|-<br />
| Suljhe Na || Shubham Shirule || Shubham Shirule || Sagar Desai || Mirrors the unresolved emotions at the heart of the characters' relationships.<br />
|-<br />
| Tumne Bhula Diya || Sagar Desai || Amir Rizvi || Sagar Desai || A quirky, postmodern riff on heartbreak and old Hindi love ballads.<br />
|-<br />
| Rangeen || Shubham Shirule || Shubham Shirule || Shubham Shirule || Celebrates the magic and “rangeen mijaaz” of someone who lights up the ordinary.<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
[[The Free Press Journal]] wrote: “In an era where streaming often favours titillation over storytelling, Rangeen arrives with a scandalous premise — gigolos, infidelity, revenge — but swerves into unexpected territory… a soulful, slow-burn character study that flirts with scandal yet lands on emotional depth, restraint, and quiet, deeply human truths.”<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ribeiro |first=Troy |title=Rangeen Review: Vineet Kumar Singh's Series is a Gritty Gigolo Saga That Romps with Restraint |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/rangeen-review-vineet-kumar-singhs-series-is-a-gritty-gigolo-saga-that-romps-with-restraint |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250727120740/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/rangeen-review-vineet-kumar-singhs-series-is-a-gritty-gigolo-saga-that-romps-with-restraint |archive-date=27 July 2025 |access-date=31 July 2025 |website=[[The Free Press Journal]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[HT Media|OTTplay]] called ''Rangeen'' “a bold, bizarre, and brilliant midlife crisis,” praising the show for its originality and risk-taking, especially highlighting Vineet Kumar Singh’s performance: “Vineet Kumar Singh excels as Adarsh, and this is something that you have never seen him do ever.” <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Shubham |date=Jul 25, 2025 |title=Rangeen Review: A bold, bizarre, and brilliant midlife crisis |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/rangeen-review-a-bold-bizarre-and-brilliant-midlife-crisis/00a0617059571 |website=ottplay.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
Rajshri Deshpande’s portrayal of Naina drew particular acclaim, with [[The Indian Express]] calling her arc “the most special part” of the series: “Naina refuses to apologise for her actions… A woman’s loneliness, in bed and out of it, is reason enough for her to seek succour outside of her marriage, and no one needs to judge her for it.” While Gupta and others noted that the series at times struggled with tonal cohesion and narrative sharpness, there was broad recognition of its willingness to provoke, challenge, and invite reflection.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |date=25 July 2025 |title=Rangeen movie review: Neither colourful nor edgy, Vineet Kumar Singh strays from the course |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/rangeen-movie-review-neither-colourful-nor-edgy-vineet-kumar-singh-strays-from-the-course-10148741/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250726014301/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/rangeen-movie-review-neither-colourful-nor-edgy-vineet-kumar-singh-strays-from-the-course-10148741/ |archive-date=26 July 2025 |access-date=27 July 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sheeba Chaddha was similarly praised for her role as Sitara, delivering “a quietly commanding performance… balancing warmth and shrewdness with ease.” <ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Abhishek |date=Jul 29, 2025 |title=Rangeen Season 1 Review: Confused about its own identity, this gigolo-based drama goes nowhere |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/rangeen/rangeen-season-1/seasonreview/122833087.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
Rahul Desai for [[The Hollywood Reporter|The Hollywood Reporter India]] remarked that while Rangeen “isn’t badly made,” its “reluctance to commit” at times undermined its impact, suggesting the series was “shy about the very repression it platforms.” <ref>{{Cite news |last=Desai |first=Rahul |title='Rangeen' Series Review: A Black Comedy That's Too Busy Admiring Itself |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/rangeen-series-review-a-black-comedy-thats-too-busy-admiring-itself |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250726131423/https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/streaming/rangeen-series-review-a-black-comedy-thats-too-busy-admiring-itself |archive-date=26 July 2025 |access-date=27 July 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter India|The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
Reviewing for [[Scroll.in]] Nandini Ramnath wrote , "In its attitude towards sex work, the show is an improvement on Tribhuvan Mishra (about a debt-ridden chartered accountant) as well as B.A. Pass, Ajay Bahl's erotic thriller film from 2012.".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=25 July 2025 |title='Rangeen' review: A scattershot and occasionally colourful contest between gigolos |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1084825/rangeen-review-a-scattershot-and-occasionally-colourful-contest-between-gigolos |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250726124047/https://scroll.in/reel/1084825/rangeen-review-a-scattershot-and-occasionally-colourful-contest-between-gigolos |archive-date=26 July 2025 |access-date=27 July 2025 |work=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
Vinamra Mathur of [[Firstpost]] wrote in her/his review, "''Rangeen'' should have been a story about these two and how they reignite the extinguished flame of their decaying marriage. But it digresses more often than it should have."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mathur |first=Vinamra |date=25 July 2025 |title=Vineet Kumar Singh's 'Rangeen' web-series review: A fun idea that soon fizzles out |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vineet-kumar-singhs-rangeen-web-series-review-a-fun-idea-that-soon-fizzles-out-13912003.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250726004222/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vineet-kumar-singhs-rangeen-web-series-review-a-fun-idea-that-soon-fizzles-out-13912003.html |archive-date=26 July 2025 |access-date=27 July 2025 |work=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> Shweta Keshri from [[India Today]] wrote "While the idea seemed quite intriguing and unique, 'Rangeen' soon loses its uniqueness and becomes just another bland show."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Keshri |first=Shweta |date=Jul 25, 2025 |title=Rangeen review: Promising gigolo drama with bold idea loses charm in execution |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/rangeen-review-bold-gigolo-drama-falls-flat-viineet-kumar-siingh-2760925-2025-07-25 |work=India Today}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|id=31898339}}<br />
<br />
{{Kabir Khan}}<br />
{{Amazon Prime Video original series}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Amazon Prime Video original programming]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Janata_Yuva_Morcha&diff=451398Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha2026-03-12T16:22:03Z<p>Ranehospital: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Youth wing of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=April 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox political youth organization<br />
| name = Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha<br />
| logo = Logo of the Bharatiya Janata Party.svg<br />
| name_native =<br />
| president = [[Tejasvi Surya]]<br />
| colorcode = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| founded = {{start date and age|1978}}<br />
| merger of = <br />
| split from = <br />
| preceded by = <br />
| dissolved = <br />
| merged into = <br />
| succeeded by = <br />
| headquarters = 6-A, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Marg, Mata Sundari Railway Colony, Mandi House, New Delhi, Delhi - 110002 <br />
| membership = <br />
| mother party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
| website = {{url|bjym.org}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Bharatiya Janata Party sidebar}}<br />
The '''Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha''' ('''BJYM''') ([[translation|IPA]]: Indian People's Youth Front), also known as '''BJP Yuva Morcha''', is the youth wing of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), one of the two major political parties in India, and previously the youth wing of the dissolved [[Janata Party]] (1978—1980). It was founded in 1978, and its first national president was [[Kalraj Mishra]]. It is the second largest political youth organization in the world after Congress's youth organisation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bjym.org/|title=BJYM|date=4 November 2019|accessdate=29 May 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Organisation==<br />
[[Tejasvi Surya]] is the current president of BJYM since 2020 and the youngest President in the history of National BJYM.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bjym.org/president-profile|title=President Profile &#124; BJYM|website=BJYM}}</ref><br />
<br />
Prominent leaders such as [[Kalraj Mishra]], [[Pramod Mahajan]], [[Rajnath Singh]], [[G. Kishan Reddy]], [[Jagat Prakash Nadda]], [[Uma Bharti]], [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]], [[Dharmendra Pradhan]], [[Ramashish Rai]], [[Anurag Thakur]] and [[Poonam Mahajan]] have served as national presidents of BJYM in the past.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bjym.org/about-bharatiya-janata-yuva-morcha|title=About Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha|website=BJYM|access-date=29 May 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
The National Body of BJYM consists of Tejasvi Surya, the BJYM President, Vice Presidents, General Secretaries, Secretaries, Social Media & IT incharges and National Executives Members.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bjym.org/national-executive-member|title=National Executive Member |website=BJYM|access-date=29 May 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
== State Units ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Sr. No.<br />
! State<br />
! State President<br />
! Ref<br />
|-<br />
| 1<br />
| Rajasthan<br />
| Shankar Gora<br />
| <ref>{{cite web |title=शंकर गोरा को भाजपा युवा मोर्चा राजस्थान का प्रदेश अध्यक्ष नियुक्त किया गया |url=https://rajasthan.bjp.org/hi/node/65420 |publisher=Bharatiya Janata Party, Rajasthan |access-date=12 February 2026 |language=hi}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2<br />
| Assam<br />
| Rakesh Das<br />
| <!-- Reference here --><br />
|-<br />
| 3<br />
| Maharashtra<br />
| <!-- Krishnaraj Mahadik --><br />
| <!-- Reference here --><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Activities== <br />
=== Attack on Delhi Chief Minister's house ===<br />
{{transcluded section|source=Attack on Delhi Chief Minister's house}} <br />
{{#section:Attack on Delhi Chief Minister's house|Lead}}<br />
<br />
=== Attack on International Students ===<br />
On 10 February 2026 activists of the Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha (BJYM) vandalised a Bangladesh-themed food stall and set fire to the country’s national flag during a cultural programme at [[MIT World Peace University]] in [[Pune]]. The incident occurred in the evening at the university’s Kothrud campus during the World Cultural Festival, where international students had set up food stalls representing different countries. BJYM’s Pune city president, Dushyant Mohol, claimed the incident followed a dispute over the display of the Bangladesh flag. A video showing the vandalism and flag burning, accompanied by slogans, later went viral on social media. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-12 |title=Right-wing youth group members vandalise Bangladesh food stall during university event |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/rightwing-youth-group-members-vandalise-bangladesh-food-stall-during-university-event-101770837004990.html |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==List of presidents==<br />
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2022}}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center<br />
|-<br />
! #<br />
! Portrait<br />
! Name<br />
! colspan="2"| Tenure<br />
! At Age of <br />
|-<br />
| 1<br />
| [[File:The Union Minister for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Shri Kalraj Mishra calling on the Vice President, Shri Mohd. Hamid Ansari, in New Delhi on November 13, 2015 (cropped).jpg|75px]]<br />
| [[Kalraj Mishra]]<br />
| 1978<br />
| 1980<br />
| 37<br />
|-<br />
| 2<br />
| <br />
| [[Satya Deo Singh]]<br />
| 1980<br />
| 1986<br />
| 35<br />
|-<br />
| 3<br />
| [[File:Pramod jee.jpg|75px]]<br />
| [[Pramod Mahajan]]<br />
| 1986<br />
| 1988<br />
| 37<br />
|-<br />
| 4<br />
| [[File:Defence Minister Shri Rajnath Singh.jpg|75px]]<br />
| [[Rajnath Singh]]<br />
| 1988<br />
| 1990<br />
| 37<br />
|-<br />
| 5<br />
| [[File:J.P. Nadda in New Delhi - 2018 (cropped).jpg|75px]]<br />
| [[Jagat Prakash Nadda]]<br />
| 1990<br />
| 1994<br />
| 30<br />
|-<br />
| 6<br />
| [[File:Uma Bharati in 2014.jpg|75px]]<br />
| [[Uma Bharti]]<br />
| 1994<br />
| 1997<br />
| 35<br />
|-<br />
| 7<br />
| <br />
| Dr. Ramashish Rai<br />
| 1997<br />
| 2000<br />
|33<br />
|-<br />
| 8<br />
| [[File:Shivraj Singh Chauhan.jpg|75px]]<br />
| [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]<br />
| 2000<br />
| 2002<br />
| 41<br />
|-<br />
| 9<br />
| [[File:Shri G. Kishan Reddy, in New Delhi on August 09, 2019.jpg|75px]]<br />
| [[G. Kishan Reddy]]<br />
| 2002<br />
| 2005 <br />
| 42<br />
|-<br />
| 10<br />
| [[File:The Union Minister for Petroleum & Natural Gas, Shri Dharmendra Pradhan being greeted by the Secretary, Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, Dr. M.M. Kutty, in New Delhi on May 31, 2019 (cropped).jpg|75px]]<br />
| [[Dharmendra Pradhan]]<br />
| 2005<br />
| 2007<br />
| 36<br />
|-<br />
| 11<br />
| <br />
| [[Amit Thaker]]<br />
| 2007<br />
| 2010<br />
|36<br />
|-36<br />
| 12<br />
| [[File:Anurag Thakur.jpg|75px]]<br />
| [[Anurag Thakur]]<br />
| 2010<br />
| 2016<br />
| 36<br />
|-<br />
| 13<br />
| [[File:Poonam Pramod Mahajan.jpg|75px]]<br />
| [[Poonam Mahajan]]<br />
| 2016<br />
| 2020<br />
| 36<br />
|-<br />
| 14<br />
| [[File:Tejasvi Surya.jpg|75px]]<br />
| [[Tejasvi Surya]]<br />
| 2020<br />
| present<br />
| 30<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist| refs= <br />
<br />
<!-- Not in use<br />
<ref name="Delhi High Court Hindu 1 April 2022">{{cite news |title=Delhi High Court seeks status report on attack outside CM Kejriwal's residence |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/delhi-high-court-seeks-status-report-on-attack-outside-cm-kejriwals-residence/article65280832.ece |access-date=2 April 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=1 April 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref><br />
Not in use--><br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{url|www.bjym.org|Official Website}}<br />
<br />
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
{{Indian political parties}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Youth wings of political parties in India]]<br />
[[Category:Youth wings of conservative parties]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party wings]]<br />
[[Category:1978 establishments in Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Organizations established in 1978]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sangita_Ghosh&diff=467904Sangita Ghosh2026-03-05T21:28:48Z<p>Ranehospital: added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian television actress (born 1976)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Sangita Ghosh<br />
| image = Sangeeta Ghosh.jpg<br />
| caption = Ghosh at Mumbai Police and NGO kids function in 2014<br />
| other_names = <!-- Must be supported by a reliable source --><br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1976|8|18}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Shivpuri]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], India<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Model| actress|[[dancer]]|[[television presenter]]}}<br />
| years_active = 1986–present<br />
| spouse = {{Marriage|Shailendra Singh Rathore|2011}}<br />
| children=1<br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sangita Ghosh''' (born 18 August 1976<ref>{{cite web |title=Happy Birthday: Des mein nikla hoga chand fame Sangita Ghosh turns 39 |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-BOW-sangita-ghosh-birthday-5086948-PHO.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811022754/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-BOW-sangita-ghosh-birthday-5086948-PHO.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 August 2016 |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |access-date=22 June 2016 |date=18 August 2015}}</ref>) is an Indian film and television actress and model.<ref name="toi1">{{Cite web |title=I refrain from watching myself on TV: Sangita Ghosh |last=Mulchandani |first=Amrita |work=The Times of India |date=16 September 2013 |access-date=23 June 2016 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/I-refrain-from-watching-myself-on-TV-Sangita-Ghosh/articleshow/22628343.cms}}</ref> She is better known for her role of Pammi in the television serial ''[[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oh my Ghosh! |last=Unnikrishnan |first=Chaya |work=Daily News & Analysis |date=26 August 2013 |access-date=28 August 2013 |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-oh-my-ghosh-1880049}}</ref> She has also anchored and hosted several award shows and television series. She anchored the show ''[[Nach Baliye]]'' with [[Shabbir Ahluwalia]], where she also gave multiple dance performances.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chattopadhyay |first1=Sudipto |title=I want a contractual marriage with Shabbir |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-i-want-a-contractual-marriage-with-shabbir-1014319 |access-date=18 March 2021 |work=DNA India |date=22 February 2006 |language=en}}</ref> She is also known for her role as Pishachini in [[Divya Drishti]].<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Ghosh started acting when she was ten years old, in a serial called ''Hum Hindustani''.<ref name="toi1" /> She has done a lot of modelling for brands like ''Donear Suitings'' and ''Nirma''. She finished her college studies in 1996 and acted in serials like "Mehndi Tere Naam Ki" Sansaar (in the early 1990s of Dheeraj Kumar), ''Kurukshetra'', ''Adhikar'', ''Ajeeb Dastan'' and ''Daraar''. After ''Daraar'', she was cast in ''[[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]]'' in which she played the role of Pammi. She portrayed the role of Priyanka Kharbanda / Priyanka Rahul Lamba on popular TV show ''[[Viraasat (STAR One)|Viraasat]]'' in 2006. <br />
<br />
She also participated in the reality dance show ''[[Zara Nachke Dikha|Zara Nachke Dikha 2]]'' as the girls' team captain in 2010. Ghosh appeared on a daily soap after a leap of six years i.e. after ''Viraasat'', she made her comeback on the TV show ''[[Kehta Hai Dil Jee Le Zara]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sangeeta Ghosh on a learning spree |work=The Times of India |date=24 September 2013 |access-date=23 June 2016 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Sangeeta-Ghosh-Sulbha-Deshpande-Marathi/articleshow/22999860.cms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Amitabh Bachchan proposes to Sangeeta Ghosh |last=Agarwal |first=Stuti |work=The Times of India |access-date=23 June 2016 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Amitabh-Bachchan-proposes-to-Sangeeta-Ghosh/articleshow/23914012.cms |date=11 January 2017}}</ref> as Sanchi opposite actor [[Ruslaan Mumtaz]] on 15 August 2013. The show was praised for its fresh and unique concepts and Ghosh received wider appreciation for her chemistry with Mumtaz. The show ended in mid 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |title=I won't mind kissing Sangeeta Ghosh: Ruslaan Mumtaz |last=Agarwal |first=Stuti |work=The Times of India |date=25 August 2013 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/I-wont-mind-kissing-Sangeeta-Ghosh-Ruslaan-Mumtaz/articleshow/22092347.cms |access-date=23 June 2016}}</ref> <br />
<br />
She then appeared in the second season of the daily soap ''[[Parvarrish - Season 2|Parvarrish]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Heres why Sangeeta Ghosh said yes to finite series Parvarrish |last=Shrivastava |first=Vipra |work=India Today |date=30 November 2015 |access-date=23 June 2016 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/heres-why-sangeeta-ghosh-said-yes-to-finite-series-parvarrish-season-2-sony-tv-274982-2015-11-30}}</ref> She also played the antagonist role of Sudha in [[Star Plus]]'s thriller series ''[[Rishton Ka Chakravyuh]]''. In February 2019, she was seen portraying Sachini, the antagonist in the TV show ''[[Divya Drishti]]''. Her performance as Sachini received wider appreciation and the show was a commercial success. The show ended after a year long run in February 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sangita Ghosh: I have done everything on TV that a heroine gets to do in a film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/sangita-ghosh-plays-a-witch-star-plus-divya-drishti-5668786/ |access-date=4 February 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=10 April 2019}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Since November 2025, she played Gulaab in [[Colors TV]]'s ''[[Tu Juliet Jatt Di]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sehgal|first=Chirag|date=27 November 2025 |title=Sangita Ghosh Joins Tu Juliet Jatt Di As Gulaab, Says The Role ‘Fits Naturally’<br />
|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/television/sangita-ghosh-joins-tu-juliet-jatt-di-as-gulaab-says-the-role-fits-naturally-aa-ws-l-9735044.html|access-date=28 November 2025|work=[[News18]]|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
In her early years, Ghosh also studied in Airport High School of Mumbai. Ghosh married polo player Rajvi Shailendra Singh Rathore of [[Jaipur]] in a private ceremony in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Merani |first1=Anil |title=Sangita Ghosh: My husband and I are still in the lovey-dovey phase of marriage |url=http://www.spotboye.com/television/tv-interviews/sangita-ghosh-my-husband-and-i-are-still-in-the-lovey-dovey-phase-of-marriage/57136420032ee7bc21f3866c |website=Spotboye |access-date=22 June 2016 |date=17 April 2016}}</ref> In July 2022, Ghosh revealed that she and her husband were parents to a daughter, The couple had named their daughter, Devi.<ref>{{Cite news |title=I missed acting: TV actress Sangeeta Ghosh |agency=Press Trust of India |work=Business Standard |date=7 August 2013 |access-date=23 June 2016 |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/i-missed-acting-tv-actress-sangeeta-ghosh-113080701254_1.html}}</ref><ref name="toi1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nothing is wrong with my married life: Sangeeta Ghosh |last=Sinha |first=Seema |work=The Times of India |date=21 October 2012 |access-date=23 June 2016 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Nothing-is-wrong-with-my-married-life-Sangeeta-Ghosh/articleshow/16890621.cms}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Show<br />
!Role<br />
!Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 2008 || ''[[Rainbow (2008 film)|Rainbow]]'' || Herself || Special appearance in a song "Sala Sala Sala"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Television ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Serial <br />
! Role<br />
! Notes<br />
! Co–Star<br />
|-<br />
| 1986<br />
| ''Hum Hindustani''<br />
| —<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1995–96<br />
| ''Kurukshetra''<br />
| —<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1997<br />
| ''Ajeeb Dastan''<br />
| —<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1997<br />
| rowspan="3" | ''[[Saturday Suspense]]''<br />
| Dolly / Fake Anita Rana<br />
| Episodic role (Episode 11)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1998<br />
| Episode 40<br />
| Episodic role<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1998<br />
| Episode 90<br />
| Episodic role<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1996–1999<br />
| ''Daraar''<br />
| —<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
| ''Khushi''<br />
| —<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
| ''Adhikar''<br />
| Saba<br />
| Supporting role<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
| ''Thriller At 10''<br />
| Advocate Shruti Vikas Malhotra<br />
| Episodic role (episodes 141 and 145)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2000–2001<br />
| rowspan="3" | ''[[Rishtey (TV series)|Rishtey]]''<br />
| Jyoti<br />
| Episodic role; ("Saal Mubarak" - Episode 42)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Parul<br />
|("Jhoota Sach" - Episode 99 - 6 February 2000)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Vinati<br />
|("Rang" - Episode 151 - 8 March 2001)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2000–2002<br />
| ''[[Mehndi Tere Naam Ki]]''<br />
| Muskaan Malik<br />
| Lead role<br />
| {{ubl|[[Amar Upadhyay]]|[[Sanjeev Seth]]}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2001–2005<br />
| rowspan = "2" | ''[[Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand]]''<br />
| Parminder (Pammi) Singh Kent <br/>Parminder Dev Malik<br/>Parminder Rohan Malhotra<br />
| Lead role<ref>{{cite news |last1=IANS |title=There can't be another Pammi or Dev: Sangita Ghosh |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/hot-news/there-can-t-be-another-pammi-or-dev-sangita-ghosh |access-date=28 March 2021 |work=TheQuint |date=6 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref><br />
| {{ubl|[[Varun Badola]]|''Siddharth Dhawan''|[[Amar Upadhyay]]}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2004–2005<br />
| Mahi Malik (Gungun)<br />
| <br />
| [[Ankur Nayyar]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| ''[[Sambhav Asambhav]]''<br />
| Maya Siddharth Nath / Meera's reincarnation<br />
| Lead role<br />
| [[Shakti Anand]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<br />
| ''[[Zameen Se Aassman Tak]]''<br />
| —<br />
| Lead role<br />
| [[Anand Suryavanshi]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2005–2006<br />
| ''[[Rabba Ishq Na Hove]]''<br />
| Veera<br />
| Lead role<br />
| {{ubl|[[Varun Badola]]|''Nikhil Arya''}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2006–2007<br />
| ''[[Viraasat (2006 TV series)|Viraasat]]''<br />
| Priyanka Kharbanda / Priyanka Rahul Lamba<br />
| Lead role <br />
| {{ubl|[[Rohit Roy]]|[[Ankur Nayyar]]}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan = "2" | 2007<br />
| rowspan = "2" | ''[[Doli Saja Ke]]''<br />
| Aditi Chaitanya Shekhawat<br />
| Cameo role<br />
| [[Amit Sarin]]<br />
|-<br />
| Neha<br />
| Negative role<br />
<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2013–2014<br />
| ''[[Kehta Hai Dil Jee Le Zara]]''<br />
| Sanchi Prabhu / Sanchi Dhruv Goyal<br />
| Lead role <br />
| {{ubl|[[Ruslaan Mumtaz]]|''Vinay Jain''}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2015–2016<br />
| ''[[Parvarrish - Season 2]]''<br />
| Surinder (Suri) Kulvinder Khurrana <br />
| Lead role <br />
| [[Sandeep Baswana]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2017–2018<br />
| ''[[Rishton Ka Chakravyuh]]''<br />
| Sudha<br />
| Negative role<ref>{{cite news |title=Sangita Ghosh's look for Chakravyuh inspired from Aishwarya Rai in Devdas |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sangita-ghoshs-look-for-chakravyuh-inspired-from-aishwarya-rai-in-devdas/articleshow/59162230.cms |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=15 June 2017 |language=en}}</ref><br />
| [[Ajay Chaudhary]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2019–2020<br />
| ''[[Divya Drishti]]''<br />
| Pisachini<br />
| Negative role<ref>{{cite news |title=Sangita Ghosh on her Pishachini avatar in Divya Drishti: When you go bad, there is no limit |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/sangita-ghosh-on-her-pishachini-avatar-in-divya-drishti-when-you-go-bad-there-is-no-limit-1466028-2019-02-27 |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=India Today |date=27 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan = "2" | 2022<br />
| rowspan = "2" | ''Swaran Ghar''<br />
| Swaran Kanwaljeet Bedi / Swaran Ajeet Lamba<br />
| Lead role<br />
| {{ubl|[[Ronit Roy]]|[[Ajay Chaudhary]]|[[Hiten Tejwani]]}}<br />
|-<br />
| Chandni<br />
| Cameo role<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2024–2025<br />
| ''[[Saajha Sindoor]]''<br />
| Saroj<br />
| Negative Role<br />
| ''Nasir Khan''<br />
|-<br />
| 2025–present<br />
|''[[Tu Juliet Jatt Di]]''<br />
|Gulaab Brar <br />
| <br />
| ''Digvijay Purohit''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Reality shows ===<br />
{| class = "wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Show <br />
! Role <br />
! Notes<br />
! Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 1 | Nach Baliye 1]]''<br />
| rowspan = "2" | Host<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2006<br />
| ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 2 | Nach Baliye 2]]''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2010<br />
| ''[[Zara Nachke Dikha]]''<br />
| Contestant<br />
| Girls' Team Captain<br />
| <ref>{{cite news |title=Dancing for a cause |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/dancing-for-a-cause/articleshow/6063215.cms |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=29 June 2010 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Web series ===<br />
{| class = "wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Show<br />
! Role<br />
! Notes<br />
! Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2019<br />
| ''[[Bhram (web series) | Bhram]]''<br />
| Durga<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
<br />
===Won===<br />
* [[ITA Award]] for Best Anchor - Music & Film Based Show<br />
* [[Indian Television Academy Award]] for Best Onscreen Couple (2013) - [[Ruslaan Mumtaz]] & Sangita Ghosh<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indicine.com/movies/bollywood/ita-awards-2013-winners-indian-television-academy-awards/ |title=ITA Awards 2013 Winners: Indian Television Academy Awards |publisher=Indicine |year=2013 |access-date=23 June 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Nominated===<br />
* [[Indian Telly Award]] for Best Actress in a Lead Role,<br />
* [[Star Guild Awards|Star Guild Award]] for Best Actress in a Drama Series<br />
* [[Indian Telly Award]] for Best Anchor<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
*{{IMDb name|1922391|Sangeeta Ghosh}}<br />
*{{Bollywood Hungama person|sangeeta-ghosh|Sangeeta Ghosh}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghosh, Sangita}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Female models from Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Indian female dancers]]<br />
[[Category:1976 births]]<br />
[[Category:Dancers from Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]<br />
[[Category:People from Shivpuri district]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=All_India_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences,_Bhubaneswar&diff=453588All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar2026-03-04T23:54:04Z<p>Ranehospital: added info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Medical college in Odisha, India}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox university<br />
| name = All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar<br />
| former_name = Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose All India Institute of Medical Sciences<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = or<br />
| logo = AIIMS Bhubaneswar, Odisha.jpg<br />
| image = AIIMS Bhubaneswar logo.png<br />
| image_size = 250px<br />
| caption = <br />
| motto = "Karmanyeva Adhikaraste ma phaleshu kadhachana" "Para yaksham subami te"<br />
| mottoeng = <br />
| established = {{start date and age|df=yes|2012}}<br />
| type = [[Public university|Public]] [[medical school|Medical University]]<br />
| endowment = <br />
| staff = <br />
| president = Dr. Anita Saxena<br />
| director = Dr. Ashutosh Biswas<ref>{{cite web | url=https://aiimsbhubaneswar.nic.in/facultyDirectory.aspx | title=All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar }}</ref><br />
| students = 370<ref name=nirf_stud>{{cite web |title=NIRF 2021 |url=https://aiimsbhubaneswar.nic.in/pdf/NIRF2021Overall.pdf |publisher=AIIMS Bhubaneswar}}</ref><br />
| undergrad = 326<ref name=nirf_stud/><br />
| postgrad = 40<ref name=nirf_stud/><br />
| doctoral = 4<ref name=nirf_stud/><br />
| faculty = 252<ref name=nirf_stud/><br />
| city = [[Khordha]]<br />
| state = [[Odisha]]<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]<br />
| language = [[English language|English]]<br />
| free_label = <br />
| free = <br />
| colours = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| affiliations = <br />
| logo_alt = AIIMS Bhubaneswar campus<br />
| website = {{URL|https://aiimsbhubaneswar.nic.in/}}<br />
| coor = {{Coord|20.2310782|N|85.7750856|E|format=dms|region:IN-OD_type:edu|display=inline,title}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar''' ('''AIIMS Bhubaneswar'''), formerly '''Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose All India Institute of Medical Sciences''',<ref>{{cite news|author =Ashok Pradhan, TNN |url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-11-09/bhubaneswar/35015457_1_aiims-director-city-aiims-aiims-bhubaneswar |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130127022324/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-11-09/bhubaneswar/35015457_1_aiims-director-city-aiims-aiims-bhubaneswar |url-status= dead |archive-date= 27 January 2013 |title=Premier medical college drops Netaji |date=9 November 2014 |work =[[The Times of India]] |access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> is a [[medical college]] and [[medical research]] [[public university]] located in [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]], India. The institute operates autonomously under the aegis of the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)|Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]]. It was established in 2012 and the foundation stone was laid by then prime minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], on 15 July 2003.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
=== All-India Institute of Medical Sciences (Amendment) Bill, 2012 ===<br />
The All-India Institute of Medical Sciences (Amendment) Bill, 2012, was introduced in the [[Lok Sabha]] on 27 August 2012. This bill replaced an ordinance that allowed the six [[AIIMS]]—like institutes to become operational by September 2012.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/education/article3827681.ece | location=New Delhi, India | work=The Hindu | first=Anand | last=Raj | title=Bill on AIIMS-like institutes introduced in Lok Sabha | date=27 August 2012}}</ref> [[Lok Sabha]] passed the AIIMS (Amendment) Bill, 2012 on 30 August 2012.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/services/education/lok-sabha-nod-to-aiims-bill/articleshow/15994154.cms | location=New Delhi, India | work=The Economic times | first=Anand | last=Raj | title=Lok Sabha nod to AIIMS bill | date=30 August 2012}}</ref> The proposed measure helped the centre to change the status of the six new AIIMS registered under the [[Indian Societies Registration Act]] to be an Autonomous Corporate Body like the [[AIIMS]] in Delhi. AIIMS (Amendment) Bill, 2012 was introduced in [[Rajya Sabha]] on 3 September 2012<ref>{{cite news|title=AIIMS bill moved in Rajya Sabha amid uproar|url=http://business-standard.com/india/news/aiims-bill-moved-in-rs-amid-uproar/185172/on|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121216053712/http://business-standard.com/india/news/aiims-bill-moved-in-rs-amid-uproar/185172/on|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 December 2012|access-date=3 September 2012 | work=Business Standard|date=3 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Govt fails to get AIIMS Bill passed in Par amid din|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/govt-fails-to-get-aiims-bill-passed-in-par-amid-din/1056640.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208212416/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/govt-fails-to-get-aiims-bill-passed-in-par-amid-din/1056640.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 December 2012|access-date=3 September 2012|publisher=IBNLive.com|date=3 September 2012}}</ref> and passed on 4 September 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Par nod to AIIMS Bill amid uproar|url=http://www.business-standard.com/generalnews/news/par-nod-to-aiims-bill-amid-uproar/52090/|access-date=4 September 2012 | work=Business Standard|date=4 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gov Bill passed in Par amid din|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/parliament-nod-to-aiims-bill-amid-uproar/997686/|access-date=4 September 2012 | work=The Indian Express|date=4 September 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Developments ===<br />
* On 29 November 2012, AIIMS Bhubaneswar, in partnership with the OTTET, Bhubaneswar and Technical Assistance from [[SGPGI]], [[Lucknow]], started a regional [[telemedicine]] centre on its campus.<ref>{{cite news|author =TNN |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/AIIMS-opens-telemedicine-centre/articleshow/17427671.cms|archive-url= https://archive.today/20130126075005/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-30/bhubaneswar/35483999_1_aiims-director-telemedicine-centre-health-centres|url-status= live|archive-date= 26 January 2013|title= AIIMS opens telemedicine centre| access-date=2012-11-30|work =[[The Times of India]] |date=30 November 2012}}</ref> A Department of Community Medicine and [[Family Medicine]] at AIIMS Bhubaneswar was inaugurated by RDC (Central Division) on 7 January 2013.<ref>[http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/120896-community-family-medicine-dept-launched-at-aiims-.html The Pioneer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113162118/https://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/120896-community-family-medicine-dept-launched-at-aiims-.html |date=13 November 2019 }}. Dailypioneer.com (1 January 1970). Retrieved on 2013-10-09.</ref><br />
* The hospital facility at AIIMS Bhubaneswar opened in Summer 2013 with 1,000 beds and 39 specialty branches.<ref name="BS">{{cite news|title=Hospital facility at AIIMS-Bhubaneswar likely to start in July|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/hospital-facility-at-aiims-bhubaneswar-likely-to-start-in-july-113013000592_1.html|access-date=31 January 2013 |newspaper=Press Trust of India|date= 31 January 2013 }}</ref> A 75-bed hospital and a 10-bed [[Intensive care unit]] (ICU) began functioning in August 2013. There will be wards with 15 beds each for [[cancer]], [[obstetrics and gynaecology]], [[medicine]], [[ophthalmology]] and [[surgery]].<ref>{{cite news|author =TNN |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/AIIMS-to-start-75-bed-hospital/articleshow/20996992.cms|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131002041154/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-10/bhubaneswar/40491496_1_opd-service-cancer-patients-medical-sciences|url-status= live|archive-date= 2 October 2013|title= AIIMS to start 75-bed hospital| access-date=2013-07-10|work =[[The Times of India]] |date=10 July 2013}}</ref><br />
* On 26 February 2014, the institute's hospital was formally inaugurated.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/AIIMS-Bhubaneswar-to-open-air-conditioned-private-cabins/articleshow/34623894.cms|title = AIIMS-Bhubaneswar to open air-conditioned private cabins &#124; Bhubaneswar News| website=[[The Times of India]] | date=4 May 2014 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Location ==<br />
AIIMS Bhubaneswar is situated on the outskirts of Bhubaneswar. It was built on about 40&nbsp;ha (100 acres) of land in the [[Sijua]] neighbourhood of [[Bhubaneswar]].<ref>{{cite news|author =PTI |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/AIIMS-Bhubaneswar-academic-session-to-begin-this-September/articleshow/13021998.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616065454/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-06/news/31596837_1_aiims-slow-pace-bhubaneswar |url-status=live |archive-date=16 June 2013 |title=AIIMS, Bhubaneswar academic session to begin this September |date=6 May 2012 |work =[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2012-10-04}}</ref> AIIMS&nbsp;– Bhubaneswar is divided into three sections: a hospital, medical college, and residential complex. The hospital was built by AIIMS at a cost of {{INRConvert|2.64|b}}. Approximately {{INRConvert|1|b}} was projected to be spent for the construction of the medical college and {{INRConvert|500|m}} for the construction of the student housing.<ref>{{cite news|work=Business Standard |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/aiims-bhubaneswar-to-start-first-batch-by-sept-15/479817/ |title=AIIMS Bhubaneswar to start first batch by Sept 15 |date=9 July 2012 |access-date=2012-10-04}}</ref> There will also be a 350-bed satellite location in Kalama village, Jaleswar block, [[Balasore]] district.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-16/bhubaneswar/45254974_1_aiims-dialysis-centre-sijua | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217112211/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-16/bhubaneswar/45254974_1_aiims-dialysis-centre-sijua | url-status=dead | archive-date=17 December 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=350-bed AIIMS hospital at Balasore | date=16 December 2013}}</ref> The 978-bed AIIMS Bhubaneswar was inaugurated by Union Health and Family Welfare Minister [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]] on 26 February 2014.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/aiims-bhubaneswar-inaugurated-by-gulam-nabi-azad/articleshow/31053174.cms | work=The Times of India | title=AIIMS Bhubaneswar inaugurated by Gulam Nabi Azad | date=26 February 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Campus ==<br />
[[File:AIIMS Bhubaneswar 04.jpg|right|thumb|AIIMS Bhubaneswar]]<br />
The AIIMS Campus extends over 40&nbsp;ha (100 acres), consisting of the hospital complex and residential area. The hospital complex consists of a 900-bed multi-speciality hospital with 43 departments. The Academic Area present in the complex houses the Academic Block, the College of Nursing and the Central Library. The Academic Blocks consists of 4 Lecture Halls and Departmental Laboratories of Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Pathology, Microbiology, Pharmacology, Forensic Medicine, and Community Medicine. All the 41 departments have departmental cabins, laboratories, a library room as well as conference rooms. A stationery and snacks outlet is also housed in the Academic Building. The Academic Building also houses the offices of Director, Dean, Administration and other staff departments like Finance, Electric, Engineers and the central library. The residential complex consists of three boys hostels and two girls Hostels for Undergraduate Students of MBBS, Nursing and Allied Sciences. The hostels have an 800-room capacity. Four Postgraduate Hostels along with four Staff and Faculty Blocks are also present. The Director's Bungalow and Guest House is located near Main Residential Gate.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}<br />
<br />
== Hospital Services ==<br />
The hospital has a total of 43 Departments including the pre-clinical, para-clinical, speciality and super-speciality departments. It houses about 920 beds including private beds with 40 additional disaster beds. A New Trauma Level 1 Centre and Burn Speciality Building is under construction. A 500-Bed Patient Relative Resting Shelter "Dharamsala" supported by NALCO is also completed and will soon be opened for public use. Telemedicine Services are provided through a dedicated application called "AIIMS Bhubaneswar Swasthya App" developed by CDAC Noida.[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.cdac.aiimsbhubaneswar] Other than this WhatsApp and voice call facilities are also provided. As part of COVID CARE, Convalescent Plasma Therapy had been started in Hospital.<br />
<br />
== Academics ==<br />
The first academic year began on 21 September 2012 with a class of 50 MBBS students.<ref>{{cite news|title=Six AIIMS-like institutes to start operation by mid-Sept|url=http://dailypioneer.com/nation/92468-six-aiims-like-institutes-to-start-operation-by-mid-sept.html|access-date=4 September 2012|work=Daily pioneer|date=4 September 2012|archive-date=7 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907235817/http://dailypioneer.com/nation/92468-six-aiims-like-institutes-to-start-operation-by-mid-sept.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Second class of 100 undergraduate students from across India began in August 2013. The 1st [[Nursing]] class of 60 students were admitted in September 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Academic session at AIIMS Bhubaneswar begins|url=http://www.business-standard.com/generalnews/news/academic-session-at-aiims-bhubaneswar-begins/59431/|access-date=21 September 2012 | work=Business Standard|date=21 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Admission begins at Bhubaneswar AIIMS|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Admission-begins-at-Bhubaneswar-AIIMS/articleshow/15368861.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616100936/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-06/bhubaneswar/33064589_1_bhubaneswar-aiims-aiims-sources-aiims-jodhpur|url-status=live|archive-date=16 June 2013|access-date=6 August 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author =Ashok Pradhan, TNN |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Health-advisory-greets-city-AIIMS-students/articleshow/16439835.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128164339/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-17/bhubaneswar/33901800_1_aiims-authorities-mosquito-nets-hostel-accommodation |url-status=live |archive-date=28 January 2013 |title=Health advisory greets city AIIMS students |date=17 September 2012 |work =[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2012-10-04}}</ref><br />
[[File:The Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu at the first Convocation of All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, in Bhubaneswar, Odisha.JPG|thumb|The Vice President, Shri [[M. Venkaiah Naidu]] at the first Convocation of AIIMS, Bhubaneswar on 25 August 2018]]<br />
<br />
=== Ranking ===<br />
{{Infobox India university ranking<br />
| type = University<br />
| NIRF_M_2024 = 15<br />
|}}<br />
AIIMS Bhubaneswar ranked 15th in India by the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF) medical ranking for 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIRF Ranking 2024 |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2024/pdf/Report/IR2024_Report.pdf}}</ref> Thus, it is the 3rd best AIIMS after [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi|AIIMS, Delhi]] and [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh|AIIMS, Rishikesh]].<br />
<br />
== Satellite centre ==<br />
There is a plan to set up a satellite centre of AIIMS Bhubneshwar at [[Balasore]], on an area of about {{convert|25|acre|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=52260 |title=Odisha handed over 25 acres of land in Balasore to centre for setting up of Satellite Centre of AIIMS Bhubaneswar, Odisha Current News, Odisha Latest Headlines |access-date=25 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129161915/http://www.orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=52260 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
The foundation stone for satellite centre at Balasore was laid on 25 August 2018 by Union Minister of Health [[J. P. Nadda]]. The 10-ha (24.91-acre) centre will have a 300-bed multi-specialty hospital.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2018-08-26 |title=Union Ministers JP Nadda, Dharmendra Pradhan laid foundation-stone of Balasore Satellite Centre of AIIMS |url=http://orissadiary.com/union-ministers-jp-nadda-dharmendra-pradhan-laid-foundation-stone-balasore-satellite-centre-aiims/ |access-date=2018-11-19 |work=OdishaDiary}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://updateodisha.com/2018/08/25/nadda-lays-foundation-stone-for-aiims-bhubaneswar-satellite-centre-59880/|title=Nadda lays foundation stone for AIIMS Bhubaneswar satellite centre|website=updateodisha.com|date=25 August 2018|access-date=2018-11-19}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Directors ==<br />
* Ashok Kumar Mahapatra (2012–2016)<ref>{{cite news |title=Neurosurgery professor named director of new hospital |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Neurosurgery-professor-named-director-of-new-hospital/articleshow/14757095.cms?from=mdr |access-date=31 July 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=9 July 2012 |language=en}}</ref><br />
* Gitanjali Batmanabane (2016–2021)<ref>{{cite news |title=Gitanjali Batmanabane is the new director of AIIMS-Bhubaneswar {{!}} Sambad English |url=https://sambadenglish.com/gitanjali-batmanabane-is-the-new-director-of-aiims-bhubaneswar/ |access-date=31 July 2022 |work=[[Sambad]] |date=28 September 2016}}</ref><br />
* Mukesh Tripathi (2021–2022) ''(additional charge)''<ref name=Director2022>{{cite news |last1=Pradhan |first1=Hemanta |title=AIIMS Bhubaneswar gets new executive director|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/aiims-bhubaneswar-gets-new-executive-director/articleshow/92455689.cms |access-date=31 July 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=25 June 2022}}</ref><br />
* Ashutosh Biswas (2022–)<ref name=Director2022/><br />
<br />
==Student life==<br />
The students are represented by the Students' Union AIIMS Bhubaneswar, headed by an executive body that is elected every year of 6th semester students voted by all the students from 2nd semester. The first Students' Union was elected on 27 February 2015 after the first batch attended 6th semester and was headed by founder president Dr. Sambit Sagar and vice president Dr. Avnish Kumar Singh. The first Students' Union is credited with organising the first ever Inter-AIIMS Inter-Medics fest named Chiasma 2K16 from 4 to 7 February 2016 acknowledging AIIMS Bhubaneswar as the first institution amongst its siblings to take such an initiative. The medi-fest registered participation of medical students from AIIMS along with medical students from state government and private medical colleges who showcased their talents. The next chiasma 2k19 was organised by the Students' Union of 2014 class of medical students from all over India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://orissadiary.com/chiasma-annual-intercollege-fest-aiims-bhubaneswar-held-february/|title = Chiasma, the annual intercollege fest of AIIMS Bhubaneswar to be held in February|date = 9 January 2018}}</ref> Prof. Dr. Subrat Kumar Acharya was nominated as President of AIIMS Bhubaneswar in November 2018. He was awarded Padma Shree in 2014 for his contribution in the field of medicine and has been associated with AIIMS for 40 years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://pragativadi.com/kiit-pro-chancellor-subrata-acharya-nominated-as-aiims-bhub-president/|title=KIIT pro-chancellor Subrata Acharya nominated as AIIMS Bhub president – Pragativadi: Leading Odia Dailly|date=2018-11-04|work=Pragativadi: Leading Odia Dailly|access-date=2018-11-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://education.medicaldialogues.in/gastroenterologist-prof-dr-sk-acharya-nominated-for-president-of-aiims-bhubaneswar/|title=Gastroenterologist Prof Dr SK Acharya nominated for President of AIIMS Bhubaneswar|date=2018-11-08|work=Education {{!}} Medical Dialogues|access-date=2018-11-19}}</ref><br />
<br />
The first convocation of AIIMS, Bhubaneshwar was held on 25 August. The Vice-President of India, [[Venkaiah Naidu]], was the chief guest of the convocation. In his speech, he called for posting of young doctors in rural area for their first 3 years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/first-convocation-of-aiims-bhubaneswar-on-saturday/articleshow/65537715.cms|title=First convocation of AIIMS Bhubaneswar on Saturday|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-11-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2018/aug/26/aiims-bhubaneshwar-convocation-vice-president-venkiah-naidu-calls-for-three-year-rural-posting-for-1862906.html|title=AIIMS Bhubaneshwar Convocation: Vice-President Venkiah Naidu calls for three-year rural posting for doctors|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=2018-11-19}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{official website|http://www.aiimsbhubaneswar.edu.in/}}<br />
<br />
{{All India Institutes of Medical Sciences |state=expanded}}<br />
{{Department of Higher Education, Odisha}}<br />
{{Universities in Odisha}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Medical colleges in Odisha]]<br />
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Bhubaneswar]]<br />
[[Category:All India Institutes of Medical Sciences|Bhubaneswar]]<br />
[[Category:Memorials to Subhas Chandra Bose]]<br />
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2012]]<br />
[[Category:2012 establishments in Odisha]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ninaivellam_Nithya&diff=448201Ninaivellam Nithya2026-03-03T05:17:41Z<p>Ranehospital: Content improved for clarity and flow</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|1982 film by C. V. Sridhar}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Ninaivellam Nithya<br />
| image = Ninaivellam Nithya.jpg<br />
| caption = DVD cover<br />
| director = [[C. V. Sridhar]]<br />
| writer = C. V. Sridhar<br />
| producer = Prakash R. C.<br />
| starring = [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]]&lt;br /&gt;Gigi<br />
| cinematography = Tiwari<br />
| editing = Mani&lt;br /&gt;Umanath<br />
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br />
| studio = Shiv Shakthi Films<br />
| distributor = &lt;!-- don't add without source --&gt;<br />
| released = {{Film date|1982|6|18|df=y}}<br />
| runtime = &lt;!-- don't add without source --&gt;<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
| budget = &lt;!-- don't add without source --&gt;<br />
| gross = &lt;!-- don't add without source --&gt;<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Ninaivellam Nithya''''' ({{translation|Thoughts are only of Nithya}}) is a 1982 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romance film]] written and directed by [[C. V. Sridhar]]. The film stars [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] and Gigi, in her only acting role. It was released on 18 June 1982.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=நினைவெல்லாம் நித்யா / Ninaivellam Nithya (1982) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/ninaivellam-nithya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118164359/https://screen4screen.com/movies/ninaivellam-nithya |archive-date=18 November 2023 |access-date=18 November 2023 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
{{more plot|date=April 2023}}<br />
Chandru, a young and carefree man visits an estate on a hill region along with his friend Thyagu. He meets Nithya, a local girl. At first they have a bit of standoffs but eventually they fall in love. At a time when their love affair is known to the girl's family, the whole village joins hands to separate them, but Chandru and Nithya escape to Chandru's hometown. Chandru was of the opinion that his father, a well-to-do businessman will support him, but he turns Chandru and Nithya away. Chandru and Nithya temporarily stay with Chandru's other friend. What happens to both of them forms the balance of the story.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
* [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] as Chandru<br />
* Gigi as Nithya<br />
* [[Nizhalgal Ravi]] as Thyagu<br />
* Nithershan Kugenesan<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
Gigi, a daughter of [[Gemini Ganesan]], made her acting debut, and ''Ninaivellam Nithya'' was her only film as an actress.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 June 2014 |title=ஜெமினி குடும்பத்துக்கு எம்.ஜிஆர் கொடுத்த விருந்து! |url=http://kungumam.co.in/Articalinnerdetail.aspx?id=7229&amp;id1=67&amp;issue=20140623 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713110130/http://kungumam.co.in/Articalinnerdetail.aspx?id=7229&amp;id1=67&amp;issue=20140623 |archive-date=13 July 2021 |access-date=13 July 2021 |website=[[Kungumam (magazine)|Kungumam]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], with lyrics by [[Vairamuthu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ninaivellam Nithya (1982) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=t0000118 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227203527/http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=t0000118 |archive-date=27 December 2013 |access-date=9 October 2013 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ninaivellam Nithya Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/ninaivellam-nithya-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713105522/https://mossymart.com/product/ninaivellam-nithya-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |archive-date=13 July 2021 |access-date=13 July 2021 |website=Mossymart |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Many of the songs are set in [[raga]]s; "Rojavai Thalattum Thendral" is set in [[Pantuvarali]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=30 September 2011 |title=A Raga's Journey&amp;nbsp;— Poignant Pantuvarali |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/a-ragas-journey-poignant-pantuvarali/article2500456.ece |url-status=live |access-date=9 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214164228/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/a-ragas-journey-poignant-pantuvarali/article2500456.ece |archive-date=14 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |pages=156 |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; "Panivizhum Malar Vanam" is in [[Chalanata]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite av media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d31zlAvM4fo |title=இளையராஜா தான் MSV- க்கு உயிர் -Music Director Veeramani Kannan Exclusive Interview - Aadhan Cinema |date=2025-03-03 |last=Aadhan Cinema |access-date=2025-03-19 |via=[[YouTube]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Saravanan |first=T. |date=20 September 2013 |title=Ragas hit a high |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/ragas-hit-a-high/article5149905.ece |url-status=live |access-date=9 May 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181226035819/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/ragas-hit-a-high/article5149905.ece |archive-date=26 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=20 December 2013 |title=Versatile Nattai |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/versatile-nattai/article5482691.ece |url-status=live |access-date=9 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221051732/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/versatile-nattai/article5482691.ece |archive-date=21 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; "Neethane Enthan Pon Vasantham" is in Brindavani,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=30 August 2013 |title=The power of three |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/the-power-of-three/article5075368.ece |url-status=live |access-date=9 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624063808/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/the-power-of-three/article5075368.ece |archive-date=24 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; and "Kanni Ponnu" is in Hamsanadam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=1 February 2013 |title=Call of the swan |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/call-of-the-swan/article4368746.ece |url-status=live |access-date=9 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326053448/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/call-of-the-swan/article4368746.ece |archive-date=26 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sudhakar played the flute for "Panivizhum Malar Vanam".&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kolappan |first=B. |date=28 March 2023 |title=Flautist Sudhakar, who collaborated with Ilaiyaraaja on many memorable songs, no more |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/flautist-sudhakar-who-collaborated-with-ilaiyaraaja-on-many-memorable-songs-no-more/article66670957.ece |url-status=live |access-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603043027/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/flautist-sudhakar-who-collaborated-with-ilaiyaraaja-on-many-memorable-songs-no-more/article66670957.ece |archive-date=3 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
'''Tracklist'''<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"<br />
! Song !! Singers !! Length<br />
|-<br />
| "Kaanal Neer Pol" || [[S. Janaki]] || 04:12<br />
|-<br />
| "Kanni Ponnu" || [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[P. Susheela]] || 04:23<br />
|-<br />
| "Neethane Enthan Pon Vasantham" ||[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] || 04:26<br />
|-<br />
| "Ninaivellam Nithya" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam || 01:31<br />
|-<br />
| "Panivizhum Malar Vanam" ||S. P. Balasubrahmanyam || 04:30<br />
|-<br />
| "Rojavai Thaalattum" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki || 04:13<br />
|-<br />
| "Tholin Mele" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam || 04:25<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
S. Shiva Kumar of ''[[Mid-Day]]'' wrote, "Karthik's sensitive performance and Ilayaraja's soothing music save the film from being a total washout. Gigi makes a very unsure debut and looks uncomfortable throughout."&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Shiva Kumar |first=S. |date=1982 |title=Gigi makes unsure debut |url=https://twitter.com/sshivu/status/1291682737254932481 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807102935/https://twitter.com/sshivu/status/1291682737254932481 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=7 August 2020 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |via=[[Twitter]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thiraignani of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised Karthik's acting and Ilaiyaraaja's music and also praised Sridhar for showing love in a different dimension. He concluded that though he wrote praising Sridhar after watching the film, the review is negative.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=திரைஞானி |date=4 July 1982 |title=நினைவெல்லாம் நித்யா... |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1982-07-04/page/n63/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230415033303/https://archive.org/details/kalki1982-07-04/page/n63/mode/2up |archive-date=15 April 2023 |access-date=15 April 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=62 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Balumani of ''Anna'' newspaper praised the acting of the star cast and cinematography, but found Ilayaraja's songs to be average and stated Sridhar, who has focused well on the early part of the film, would have been a hit if he had focused well on the second half.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=பாலுமணி |date=22 June 1982 |title=நினைவெல்லாம் நித்யா |url=https://archive.org/details/EAP372-6-23-6-241/page/n5/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240530150441/https://ia600700.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderImages.php?zip=/21/items/EAP372-6-23-6-241/EAP372-6-23-6-241_jp2.zip&amp;file=EAP372-6-23-6-241_jp2/EAP372-6-23-6-241_0005.jp2&amp;id=EAP372-6-23-6-241&amp;scale=4&amp;rotate=0 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |access-date=30 May 2024 |newspaper=Anna |pages=6 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
The song "Neethane Enthan Pon Vasantham" inspired the titles of a 2012 film (''[[Neethaane En Ponvasantham]]'', in which the lead character briefly sings the song)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Narayan |first=Anantha |date=2013-06-22 |title=The wimpy before psycho |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2013/Jun/22/the-wimpy-before-psycho-489403.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250905092149/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2013/Jun/22/the-wimpy-before-psycho-489403.html |archive-date=2025-09-05 |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=17 December 2012 |title="Neethane En Ponvasantham"… The loving daylights |url=https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2012/12/17/neethane-en-ponvasantham-3455434576-7835/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219164001/https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2012/12/17/neethane-en-ponvasantham-3455434576-7835/ |archive-date=19 December 2022 |access-date=18 November 2023 |website=Baradwaj Rangan}}&lt;/ref&gt; and a [[Neethane Enthan Ponvasantham|2020 TV series]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=25 February 2020 |title=Title trouble for TV soaps |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/television/250220/title-trouble-for-tv-soaps.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230170512/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/television/250220/title-trouble-for-tv-soaps.html |archive-date=30 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; "Panivizhum Malarvanam" inspired the title of a [[Panivizhum Malarvanam|2014 film]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=9 June 2025 |title=Lyricist Vairamuthu criticises Tamil filmmakers for using his verses as film titles without permission |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/lyricist-vairamuthu-criticises-tamil-filmmakers-for-using-his-verses-as-film-titles-without-permission/article69673753.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250609093054/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/lyricist-vairamuthu-criticises-tamil-filmmakers-for-using-his-verses-as-film-titles-without-permission/article69673753.ece |archive-date=9 June 2025 |access-date=9 June 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
{{C. V. Sridhar}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1982 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1982 romance films]]<br />
[[Category:1982 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1982 films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by C. V. Sridhar]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]<br />
[[Category:Films with screenplays by C. V. Sridhar]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romance films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language romance films]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karthik_(singer)&diff=464244Karthik (singer)2026-02-21T09:39:59Z<p>Ranehospital: cleaned up formatting as per guidelines for clarity</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian Playback singer}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br />
{{BLP sources|date=April 2011}}<br />
{{Infobox musical artist <!-- For individuals; see Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians --><br />
| name = Karthik<br />
| image = <br />
Karthi rev.JPG<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| background = solo_singer<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|11|07|df=yes}}<br />
| origin = [[Chennai, Tamil Nadu]], India<br />
| instruments = Vocals, Keyboard<br />
| genre = <br />
| occupation = [[Playback singer]], [[Composer]]<br />
| years_active = 2000–Present<br />
| label = <br />
| associated_acts = <br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
''' Karthik''' (born 7 November 1980) is an Indian [[playback singer]] and [[composer]]. Karthik started his professional singing career as a backing vocalist and has since been working as a playback singer. He has sung more than 8000 songs in 15+ Indian languages including [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Hindi language|Hindi]].<ref name= Amrita05052012>{{cite news| url=http://www.singerkarthikz.blogspot.in/2012/05/amrita-film-awards-will-honour-singer.html| location=Chennai, India | work=Amrita | title=Amrita Film Awards will honour Singer Karthik today with the Best Versatile SInger Award | date=5 May 2012}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=July 2024}}{{Failed verification|date=July 2024}}<br />
<br />
== Early and personal life ==<br />
Karthik was born on 7 November 1980 into a [[Tamils|Tamil]] family and hails from [[Tiruvarur]] district. He is a trained Carnatic music vocalist. He was part of a college band and regularly participated in IIT Madras Fest ''[[Saarang]]''. An ardent fan of [[A. R. Rahman]], Karthik's dream was to meet Rahman and sing for him. Playback singer [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], who often collaborated with Rahman, was Karthik's close friend's cousin. Srinivas encouraged Karthik to look at singing as a career, which prompted Karthik to resume his singing lessons. One year later, Srinivas recommended Karthik's name to Rahman, who needed fresh voices for backing vocalists for a song from ''[[Pukar (2000 film)|Pukar]]''. Karthik eventually got the opportunity and recorded for the song. Having spent over a year being a backing vocalist, Karthik got his break during Rahman's scoring of ''[[One 2 Ka 4]]''. For the background score, A. R. Rahman wanted a high-pitched [[alap]] and he eventually chose Karthik to sing the alap. Soon after, Rahman asked him to sing the song "Nendhukittaen" from the film ''[[Star (2001 film)|Star]]''.<br />
<br />
Karthik was a CA aspirant before he became a professional singer. He is married to Ambika, they have a daughter and a son.<br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Karthik has sung a number of songs for many popular music directors, including [[A. R. Rahman]], [[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[Harris Jayaraj]], [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]], [[Rahul Raj]], [[Hamsalekha]], [[Devi Sri Prasad]] and [[Manisharma]], in several languages – Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi. "Ennaku Oru Girlfriend" from the Tamil film ''[[Boys (2003 film)|Boys]]'' was one of a sensational hit of the year. The same year he rendered the US-produced Malayalam album song ''Pularmanjupol Nee'' with famed playback singer [[Sujatha Mohan]]. The song composed by [[Rahul Raj]] became a chartbuster and subsequently an evergreen classic. In 2005, he scored his first hit with compsoer [[Harris Jayaraj]] singing "Oru Maalai" (''[[Ghajini (2005 film)|Ghajini]]''; 2005). His songs for Telugu films for ''[[Kotha Bangaru Lokam]]'' (Nijanga Nenenaa), ''[[Happy Days (2007 film)|Happy Days]]'' (Arare Arare, Oh My Friend), "Yedhuta Nilachindi Choodu" (''[[Vaana (film)|Vaana]]''), "Badhulu Tochanai" (''[[Mr. Perfect (film)|Mr.Perfect]]''), "[[Iragai Pole|Manase Guvvai]]" (''[[Naan Mahaan Alla (2010 film)|Naa Peru Shiva]]''), "Oh Oh My Friend" (''[[Oh My Friend]]''), "Meghama" (''[[Engeyum Eppodhum|Journey]]''), "Yevvaro" (''[[Bodyguard (2012 film)|Bodyguard]]'') are popular. His other popular songs include the title track from ''[[Unnale Unnale]]'' and "Mundhinam Paarthene" and "Ava Enna", both from ''[[Vaaranam Aayiram]]'' (2009). The dubbed versions of his Tamil songs in Telugu are also popular.<br />
<br />
Karthik has sung Kannada songs and has many songs to his credit like Ale Ale, Anuraaga Aralo Samaya, Thangaliyalli Theli Hode, Nee Chummu Chummu Munjaaneli, Sum Sumne Yaako, Madhumasa, Nenapidu Nenapidu, Thanthaane Thannamthaane, Raktha Sambandhagala, and many more.<br />
<br />
"Behka" from ''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]'' is also popular.<br />
In 2010, he sang a track "Behene De", from Hindi film ''[[Raavan (2010 Hindi film)|Raavan]]'', which is widely considered as the biggest song in his career.<ref name="BeheneDe">{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/news-and-interviews/Karthik-is-on-a-high/articleshow/5962828.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103220307/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-23/news-and-interviews/28314644_1_hindi-version-tamil-number-lyrics | url-status=live | archive-date=3 November 2012 |title=Karthik is on a high | work=[[The Times of India]]|date= 23 May 2010|access-date= 16 September 2011}}</ref> The track, which topped music charts for many continuous weeks, also received rave critical reviews.<ref name="BeheneDe" /><br />
<br />
The song Yayum Ngayum from the album [[Sandham: Symphony Meets Classical Tamil]] is considered one of Karthik's career best for the way how he has brought sensuality to the 2000 year old poetry, in composer [[Rajan Somasundaram|Raleigh Rajan]]'s music. He received wide appreciations for the theme song of the 10th [[World Tamil Conference]] from the same album [[Sandham: Symphony Meets Classical Tamil]]. The album was featured in Amazon's Top#10 International Music albums in July 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dinamalar.com/news/tamil-nadu-news/news/2290362|title = உலக கலைஞர்களின், கணீர் குரலில் உலகத் தமிழ் ஆராய்ச்சி மாநாட்டு பாடல்|date = 4 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solvanam.com/2020/02/24/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88/|title = Sandham: Music Review |date = 4 June 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Television ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:60%;"<br />
!'''Year'''<br />
!Program<br />
!Channel<br />
!Language<br />
!Notes<br />
|-<br />
|2009<br />
|''[[Thendral]]''<br />
|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]<br />
|Tamil<br />
|Title song<br />
|-<br />
|2009-10<br />
|''[[Amman (TV series)]]''<br />
|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]<br />
|Tamil<br />
|Title song (with [[Priya Himesh]])<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
|''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Lil Champs]]'' <br />
|[[Zee Tamil]]<br />
|Tamil<br />
|Judging panel (with [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Sujatha Mohan]])<br />
|-<br />
|2017-18<br />
|''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Seniors]]'' <br />
|[[Zee Tamil]]<br />
|Tamil<br />
|Judging panel (with [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]])<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Lil Champs]] (Season 2)''<br />
|[[Zee Tamil]]<br />
|Tamil<br />
|Judging panel (with [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Sujatha Mohan]])<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|''Sa Re Ga Ma Pa 2018''<br />
|[[Zee Telugu]]<br />
|Telugu<br />
|Judging panel (with [[Chinmayi Sripaada]], [[Ramajogayya Sastry]])<br />
|-<br />
|2019-2020<br />
|''[[Sun Singer]] (Season 6)''<br />
|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]<br />
|Tamil<br />
|Judging panel (with [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Remya Nambeesan]])<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|''[[Telugu Indian Idol]]''<br />
|[[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]]<br />
|Telugu<br />
|Judging panel (with [[Nithya Menen]], [[Thaman S]])<br />
|-<br />
|2022-23<br />
|''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Seniors (season 3)]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Zee Tamil]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Tamil<br />
|Judging panel (with [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Remya Nambeesan]])<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Tamil Li'l Champs (season 3)]]''<br />
|Guest judge<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|''[[Telugu Indian Idol]]''<br />
|[[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]]<br />
|Telugu<br />
|Judging panel (with [[Thaman S]], [[Geeta Madhuri]])<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Seniors season 4|''Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Seniors 4'']]<br />
|[[Zee Tamil]]<br />
|Tamil<br />
|Judging panel (with [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Saindhavi|Saindhavi Prakash]])<br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Seniors season 5|''Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Seniors 5'']]<br />
|[[Zee Tamil]]<br />
|Tamil<br />
|Judging panel (with [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Shweta Mohan]])<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Composing ==<br />
He has composed music for a multi lingual Coca-Cola Advertisement (for Rajeev Menon featuring actor Vijay)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/mar-09-03/karthik-20-03-09.html |title=Karthik to score for Vijay – Behindwoods.com – Tamil Movies News – Karthik Vijay Rajiv Menon |website=Behindwoods.com |access-date=16 September 2011}}</ref> and Prince Jewellery advertisements. He is the music director of [[Vasanthabalan]]'s period film ''[[Aravaan]]'' and Srinivas Raga's ''[[Okkadine]]'' in Telugu.<br />
<br />
He has also released an album called "Music I Like". It is based on carnatic ragaas and it is a contemporary take on some well known keerthanas. The orchestration was done by the music director Sai Madhukar.<ref>[http://www.landmarkonthenet.com/music-i-like-karthik-by-karthick-music-5099908214522-3916886 Music I Like – Buy online at] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511033352/http://www.landmarkonthenet.com/music-i-like-karthik-by-karthick-music-5099908214522-3916886/ |date=11 May 2012 }}. Landmarkonthenet.com (28 September 2011). Retrieved on 25 September 2012.</ref><br />
<br />
He is the composer of the segment "Guitar Kambi Mele Nindru" directed by [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] in the Netflix anthology movie ''[[Navarasa (web series)|Navarasa]]'' (2021). He has also composed music for the film ''[[Joshua Imai Pol Kaakha]]''.<br />
<br />
== Discography ==<br />
{{main|Karthik discography}}<br />
=== As composer ===<br />
====Films====<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Title<br />
!Language<br />
|-<br />
| 2012<br />
|''[[Aravaan]]''<br />
|Tamil<br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
|''[[Okkadine]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" |Telugu<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|''[[Courier Boy Kalyan]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
|''[[Tamilselvanum Thaniyar Anjalum]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/Success-as-a-singer-never-made-me-complete-Karthik/articleshow/49191704.cms|title=Success as a singer never made me complete|work=The Times of India|date=2 October 2015 |access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref><br />
| rowspan="5" |Tamil<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|''[[Paava Kadhaigal]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2021<br />
|''[[Kutty Story]]'' (''Edhirpaara Muththam'')<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Navarasa (soundtrack)|Navarasa]]''<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2024<br />
|''[[Joshua Imai Pol Kaakha]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Appudo Ippudo Eppudo]]''<br />
|Telugu<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* The films are listed in the order the films were released.<br />
<br />
==== Music videos ====<br />
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: left;"<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col"| Year<br />
! scope="col"| Title<br />
! scope="col"| Role<br />
! scope="col"| Actors<br />
! scope="col"|Language<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Ref.}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3"|2018 || ''Koova Koova'' || Music video director || [[Sathish Krishnan]], [[Chinnaponnu]] <br />
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |Tamil ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QQ4V976_aw|title=Koova Koova - Single &#124; Ondraga Originals &#124; Madhan Karky &#124; Karthik &#124; Gautham Menon {{!}} 4K|date=13 January 2018|via=YouTube}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''Ulaviravu'' || Music video director || [[Tovino Thomas]], [[Divyadarshini]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYVMN11-zek|title=Ulaviravu - Single &#124; Ondraga Originals &#124; Madhan Karky &#124; Karthik &#124; Gautham Menon|date=13 February 2018|via=YouTube}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Bodhai Kodhai''<br />
| Music video director<br />
|[[Atharvaa]], [[Aishwarya Rajesh]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oA54cfoF2IQ:| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211113/oA54cfoF2IQ| archive-date=2021-11-13 | url-status=live|title=Bodhai Kodhai – Single Gautham Vasudev Menon, Karthik, Karky, Atharvaa, Aishwarya Rajesh|last=Ondraga Entertainment |date=14 June 2018 |access-date=30 April 2020|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== As independent musician ===<br />
Karthik is a part of a band called Arka which is a contemporary fusion band.<br />
<br />
Arka denotes the [[Sun]] in [[Sanskrit]] and to rightly interpret the meaning, it is the warmth and radiance of music that spreads across everyone listening. With the exclusive intention of extending a new musical outreach, few renowned artists in unison have created this band and intend to broaden the horizons of Indian fusion music.<br />
<br />
Arka is the epicenter of an erupting musical form with core and artists like Karthik, [[V. Selvaganesh|SelvaGanesh]], [[Gino Banks]], Ravichandra Kulur, Santhosh Chandran, Mishko M'Ba, and guest artists like the legends [[Vikku Vinayakram|Vikku Vinayakaram]] and Swaminathan.<br />
<br />
=== As dubbing artist ===<br />
Dubbed and sang for the character Aladdin for its 2019 [[Aladdin (2019 film)|version]]. He also lent his voice to [[Allu Arjun]] for the Tamil dubbed version of [[Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo]], and also rendered the [[Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo (soundtrack)|songs]] for the same.<br />
<br />
== Controversies ==<br />
As part of the [[Me Too movement (India)|#MeToo movement]], Karthik was accused of sexual harassment in 2018 by several anonymous women. Singer [[Chinmayi Sripaada]] tweeted these allegations messaged to her by women who wished to remain anonymous.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sripada |first=Chinmayi |title=Chinmayi Sripada on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/Chinmayi/status/1050606916873809920 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516035957/https://twitter.com/Chinmayi/status/1050606916873809920 |archive-date=May 16, 2022 |website=Twitter}}</ref> Karthik responded to the allegations by tweeting "I want to put it out there that I have never intentionally acted in a way that would make anybody feel uncomfortable or unsafe. If anybody felt hurt because of any of my actions in the past, please reach out to me directly. I do believe in facing the consequences of one's actions. I fully support #MeToo and if there's truth in anybody's grievance, I shall be more than willing to apologise or face legal action because I don't want to ever leave a sour taste in anyone's life".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Singer Karthi finally responds to #MeToo allegations: Have never harassed anybody |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/singer-karthi-finally-responds-to-metoo-allegations-have-never-harassed-anybody-1459697-2019-02-19 |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=India Today |date=19 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Awards ==<br />
<br />
* '''[[Filmfare Awards South]]'''<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="55%"<br />
|- bgcolor="#d1e4fd"<br />
! Year || Category<br />
!Language|| Song || Film<br />
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2005 || [[Filmfare Best Male Playback Award (Tamil)|Best Male Playback Award]]<br />
|Tamil|| Oru Maalai || [[Ghajini (2005 film)|''Ghajini'']]<br />
|-<br />
| 2007 || [[Filmfare Best Male Playback Award (Telugu)|Best Male Playback Award (Telugu)]]<br />
|Telugu|| Arey Rey || [[Happy Days (2007 film)|''Happy Days'']]<br />
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2008 || [[Filmfare Best Male Playback Award (Telugu)|Best Male Playback Award]]<br />
|Telugu|| Nijanga Nenena || ''[[Kotha Bangaru Lokam]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2009 || [[Filmfare Best Male Playback Award (Tamil)|Best Male Playback Award]]<br />
|Tamil|| Hasili Fisili || ''[[Aadhavan]]''<br />
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2010 || [[Filmfare Best Male Playback Award (Tamil)|Best Male Playback Award]]<br />
|Tamil|| Usure Poguthey || [[Raavanan (2010 film)|''Raavanan'']]<br />
|-<br />
| 2016 || [[Filmfare Best Male Playback Award (Telugu)|Best Male Playback Award (Telugu)]]<br />
|Telugu|| Yellipokey Shyamala || ''[[A Aa]]''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* '''Other awards'''<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="68%"<br />
|- bgcolor="#d1e4fd"<br />
! Year || Category || Song || Film||Language<br />
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2003 || [[ITFA Best Male Playback Award]] || Oru Ooril || ''[[Kaakha Kaakha]]''||Tamil<br />
|-<br />
| 2007 || [[Nandi Award for Best Male Playback Singer]] || rowspan="2" | Oh..My Friend || rowspan="2" | [[Happy Days (2007 film)|''Happy Days'']]<br />
| Telugu<br />
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2008 || [[CineMAA Awards]] – Best Male Playback Singer ||Telugu<br />
|-<br />
| 2009 || Tamil Isaiaruvi Music Awards 2010 || rowspan="2" | Hasili Fisili || rowspan="2" | ''[[Aadhavan]]''||Tamil<br />
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2009 || Vijay Awards 2010 ||Tamil<br />
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2010 || [[Asiavision Awards]] Best Male Playback Singer || Neelathamara || [[Neelathamara (2009 film)|''Neelathaamara'']]|| Malayalam<br />
|-<br />
| 2010 || [[Vijay Music Awards]] – Popular Singer Male || rowspan="3" | Usure Poguthey || rowspan="3" | [[Raavanan (2010 film)|''Raavanan'']]|| Tamil<br />
|-<br />
| 2010 || [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]] – [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Male Playback]] singer ||Tamil<br />
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2010 || [[Mirchi Music Awards South]] – Best Male Playback Singer|| Tamil<br />
|-<br />
| 2011 || TSR TV9 National film awards – Best Playback Singer (Male) || Choosthunna || [[Mogudu (film)|''Mogudu'']]||Telugu<br />
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2012 || Amrita Film Awards 2012<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amritatv.com/afa/winners.html |title=Amrita TV Film Awards |work=Amrita TV |access-date=2013-03-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014060735/http://www.amritatv.com/afa/winners.html |archive-date=14 October 2013}}</ref> – Versatile Singer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kerala9.com/malayalam/v/events/amrita+tv+film+awards+2012+photos/amrita+tv+film+awards+2012+photos00-354.JPG.html|title=amrita tv film awards 2012 photos00-354.JPG – Kerala9.com|website=kerala9.com|access-date=12 October 2013|archive-date=14 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014030735/http://www.kerala9.com/malayalam/v/events/amrita+tv+film+awards+2012+photos/amrita+tv+film+awards+2012+photos00-354.JPG.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ||various songs ||''Ordinary, [[Spanish Masala]]''||Malayalam<br />
|-<br />
| 2012 || Ghantasala Puraskar Award{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}} – Young Achiever Award 2012 || || ||<br />
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2012 || [[Mirchi Music Awards South]] – Best Male Playback Singer || Kaatrai Konjam || ''[[Neethane En Ponvasantham]]''||Tamil<br />
|-<br />
| 2012 || [[Mirchi Music Awards South]] – Best Upcoming Music Director || Nila Nila || ''[[Aravaan]]''|| Tamil<br />
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2013 || Globus Style Awards 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/event-photos-pictures-stills/globus-style-awards-2013/globus-style-awards-2013-stills-photos-pictures.html#27|title=Globus Style Awards 2013, Event Gallery, Globus Style Awards 2013, KS Ravikumar|website=behindwoods.com}}</ref> – Stylish Singer Award || || ||Malayalam<br />
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2013 || [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer]]||Janmandarangalil|| [[Orissa (film)|''Orissa'']]|| Malayalam<br />
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2017 || Asiavision Awards Best Male Playback Singer || ee Kaatu|| ''[[Adam Joan]]''|| Malayalam<br />
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
|2018||Mazhavil Music Awards -/Best Male Singer ||Kadavathoru thoni||''[[Poomaram]]''|| Malayalam<br />
|-<br />
|2021||SIIMA Award for Best Male Playback Singer- Tamil||Anbe Anbin||''[[Peranbu]]''|| Tamil<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb name|id=1220020|name=Karthik}}<br />
* [http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/artist/Karthik.html Listing of Karthik's songs in alphabetical order of albums]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090220005222/http://www.musicindiaonline.com/music/tamil/s/singer.4552/ Listing of Karthik's songs in alphabetical order of songs]<br />
{{Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu}}{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Karthik}}<br />
[[Category:1980 births]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]<br />
[[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Singers from Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]<br />
[[Category:International Tamil Film Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu Indian Idol]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don_Bosco_Matriculation_Higher_Secondary_School,_Thanjavur&diff=497560Don Bosco Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Thanjavur2026-02-21T09:06:52Z<p>Ranehospital: creating details!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{More citations needed|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox school<br />
| name = Don Bosco Matriculation Higher Secondary School<br />
| image = DBSchool, Thanjavur.jpg<br />
| caption =<br />
| motto = Love and Truth<br />
| address = Yagappa Nagar<br />
| city = [[Thanjavur]]<br />
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| postal_code = 613007<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|10.7613|79.1338|region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br />
| established = {{Start date and age|1906}}<br />
| school_board = [[Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education]]<br />
| principal = Rev. ALPHONSE LAZAR<br />
| administrator = Fr. Jude<br />
| rector = Rev. Fr. THOMAS LOUIS<br />
| chair_label = Dean of studies<br />
| chair = Rev. Fr. Daniel adaikalam<br />
| staff = 54<br />
| teaching_staff = 48<br />
| classes = <br />
| type = [[Private school|Private]]<br />
| grades = K-12<br />
| age_range = <br />
| language = [[English language|English]]<br />
| classrooms = 42<br />
| campus_type = [[Urban area|Urban]]<br />
| campus_size = <br />
| colours = <br />
| website = {{URL|www.donboscothanjavur.com}} <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Don Bosco Matriculation Higher Secondary School''', Thanjavur is an educational institution providing scholastic education. The school is under the administration of the Salesian Province of Tiruchirapalli. The institution has a Kindergarten, a Primary School, a High School and a Higher Secondary School. The institution is not co-educational, providing schooling only for boys. But the Kindergarten and Primary schools are co-educational. The medium of instruction is English. The second language is Tamil.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
The [[Salesians of Don Bosco]] arrived in [[Thanjavur]] in 1906,<ref>{{cite conference | url=http://donboscoindia.com/english/resourcedownload.php?secid=467 | title=SDB India - The First Hundred Years | access-date=2011-02-07 | author=Joseph Thekkedath | book-title=Don Bosco India Centenary Souvenir | year=2006 | conference=The First Hundred Years | publisher=Bosco Information Service, Don Bosco India | pages=33–48}}</ref> led by Fr. George Tomatis. They took charge of an orphanage<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/05/stories/2006020505490200.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525030825/http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/05/stories/2006020505490200.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2006-05-25 | title=A standing symbol left by a service-minded group | access-date=2011-02-07 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | date=2006-02-05 }}</ref> and started an Industrial school for the youth. However, they were unable to continue their mission in Thanjavur after 1928. They returned in the year 1983 to resume their mission in Thanjavur.<br />
<br />
They established a Seminary for the youth and a High School, conducting classes from 6th to 10th standard in the year 1983-84. The High School is affiliated to the [[Directorate of Matriculation Schools, Tamil Nadu|Matriculation system]] of Tamil Nadu. They subsequently established a primary school, named "Dominic Savio" as part of the institution in the year 1985-86. Classes in the primary school were held for 1st and 2nd standard. The school continued to grow with the establishment of a new building in 1987. The Higher secondary course was introduced in the year 1994-95. The first batch of Higher secondary students passed out in the year 1996.<br />
<br />
In 1993-94, the Salesians, established another institution named St.Michael's, in the nearby settlement of Madhakottai in Thanjavur. This was primarily to help the poor with a high standard of education. Until the year 2005{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}, the school was exclusively for boys.<br />
<br />
The school celebrated its Silver Jubilee with a grand function on 24 January 2008.<br />
<br />
== Administration ==<br />
The institution was initially under the administration of the Salesian Province of Madras which also administered institutions in Sri Lanka. As the Salesian mission expanded, the school came under the administration of the Salesian Province of Tiruchirappalli{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}. The seminary is headed by a Rector Administrator. The activities of the school are administered by a principal. The high school and the higher secondary school are administered as one unit. The primary school, the kindergarten and a play-school are treated as another unit.<br />
<br />
When the school began, teaching was entirely provided by the Salesian brothers. Early administrators of the school were exclusively Salesians. As the school expanded in the number of classes, the institution employed qualified teachers from the local population. Administrative duties were also slowly shared between the teachers and the Salesian brothers.<br />
<br />
== Campus ==<br />
The campus is located at Yagappa Nagar. It houses five blocks of buildings. The earliest building of the school has a refectory, and facilities for the Salesian brothers. The building also housed Resident Seminary students. The second building was originally used as an Auditorium, before accommodating the primary school classes. The third building, built in 1987 serves as the main block for the Higher secondary and High school. The fourth building, built in 2001 is the main block for the Primary school and Kindergarten.<br />
<br />
Prior to the Silver Jubilee celebrations, a new block was commissioned, housing the new Auditorium and Computer Laboratory facilities. The "Centenary Memorial Hall" was inaugurated 6 February 2006<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/06/stories/2006020610380300.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060918080200/http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/06/stories/2006020610380300.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2006-09-18 | title=Youths can be better utilised for development | access-date=2011-02-07 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | date=2006-02-06 }}</ref> by Rev. Fr. Pascual Chavez, Rector Major of the Salesians.<br />
<br />
The school has two football grounds, a basketball court and a volleyball court. The campus has been operating its own eco-friendly Gobar gas plant ever since its inception.<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1"<br />
|+ Web Resources<br />
! URL Description !! Content Publisher<br />
|-<br />
| [http://donboscothanjavur.com/ Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724101758/http://donboscothanjavur.com/ |date=24 July 2012 }} || Salesians of Don Bosco, Thanjavur<br />
|-<br />
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20101114045721/http://www.donboscotiruchy.org/site/english/showcontent.php?menuid=1171 Thanjavur (Don Bosco)] || Salesian Provincial House, Trichy<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Education in Thanjavur]]<br />
[[Category:Thanjavur]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2026_Ramagundam_Municipal_Corporation_election&diff=4835232026 Ramagundam Municipal Corporation election2026-02-19T16:02:54Z<p>Ranehospital: created redirect</p>
<hr />
<div>#Redirect [[2026 Telangana local elections]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindu_Religious_and_Charitable_Endowments_Department&diff=452205Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department2026-02-17T09:24:30Z<p>Ranehospital: General cleanup and content improvements</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Department of the Govenrment of Tamil Nadu}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox government agency<br />
| agency_name = Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department<br />
| logo = TamilNadu Logo.svg<br />
| logo_width = <br />
| logo_caption = <br />
| seal = <br />
| seal_width = <br />
| seal_caption = <br />
| formed = 1960<br />
| preceding1 = <br />
| preceding2 = <br />
| dissolved = <br />
| superseding = <br />
| jurisdiction = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| headquarters = [[Chennai]]<br />
| employees = <br />
| budget = <br />
| minister1_name = [[P. K. Sekar Babu]]<br />
| minister1_pfo = Minister of Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department<ref name="HRCE_Dept">{{Cite web |title=அறநிலையத்துறை |url=https://hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/hrce_department.php |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Government of Tamil Nadu – Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments Department}}</ref><br />
| chief1_name = B. Chandra Mohan [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<br />
| chief1_position = [[Principal Secretary (India)|Principal Secretary]], Department of Tourism, Culture and Religious Endowments<ref name="HRCE_Dept"/><br />
| chief2_name = J. Kumara Gurubaran [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<br />
| chief2_position = [[Commissioner]], HR&CE<ref name="HRCE_Dept"/><br />
| parent_agency = <br />
| child1_agency = <br />
| child2_agency = <br />
| website = {{url|hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/index.php}}<br />
| footnotes = <br />
| chief3_name = <br />
| chief3_position = <br />
| chief4_name = <br />
| chief4_position = <br />
| chief5_name = <br />
| chief5_position = <br />
| chief6_name = <br />
| chief6_position = <br />
| chief7_name = <br />
| chief7_position = <br />
| chief8_name = <br />
| chief8_position = <br />
| chief9_name = <br />
| chief9_position = <br />
| parent_department = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department''' ('''HR&CE Department''') is a [[Government department|department]] under the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]], India, that handles the administration of temples in the state. Formed under the Tamil Nadu Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act XXII of 1959, the department administers 46,331 properties, including 43,800 [[Hindu]] temples, 22 [[Jain]] temples, 45 [[Matha|mutts]], 69 temples attached to mutts, 1,262 charitable endowments, and 1,133 special endowments.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
In 1923, the ''Madras Hindu Religious Endowments Act'' was passed by [[Madras Presidency]]. In 1925, the Government constituted "The Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Board" consisting of a president and two to four commissioners nominated by the government to function as a statutory body. Subsequently, it was modified and in 1960 it became The Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department by Tamil Nadu Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act XXII of 1959 which came into force with effect from 28 April 1960, with [[C. P. Ramaswami Iyer]] serving as chairman.<ref>[https://hrce.tn.gov.in/resources/docs/actrule/1/1/document_1.pdf Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act, 1959]</ref><br />
<br />
Since 1991, religious and spiritual leaders have been involved in the maintenance and administration of the Hindu temples and charitable endowments.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} However, the maintenance and administration of the Jain temples are under the administration of Jain religious and spiritual leaders.<br />
<br />
The act controls 36,425 temples, 56 [[matha]]s or religious orders (and 47 temples belonging to mathas), 1,721 specific endowments and 189 trusts.<br />
<br />
The department's inception saw numerous companies managing their Public Relations (PR) and Social Media Management. Currently, the responsibility is entrusted to the Chennai-based branding firm, 7 miles per second, overseeing PR and Social Media Management operations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How to tell compelling stories and weave engaging narratives |url=https://www.edexlive.com/happening/2023/sep/05/how-to-tell-compelling-stories-and-weave-engaging-narratives-37452.html |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=Edex Live |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Schemes ==<br />
Annadhanam Scheme is conducted in 746 Temples and 50 to 300 devotees are provided with mid-day meals after Uchikala Pooja. Every year Special Rejuvenation camp is held for elephants from temples and mutts across Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. In 2020-2021, the 48-day long camp was held at Thekampatti on the banks of River Bhavani.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Palaniappan |first1=V. S. |title=Elephant rejuvenation camp begins at Thekampatti |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/elephant-rejuvenation-camp-begins-at-thekampatti/article5478990.ece |access-date=6 February 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=19 December 2013 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Spiritual and Moral Instruction classes were conducted in 485 temples by scholars. Various welfare schemes for temple employees and [[Nadhaswaram|Nathaswara]] artists were also performed by this department.<ref>{{cite news |title=Schemes |work=Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department |publisher= |url=https://hrce.in/government-scheme/ |access-date=25 July 2014}}</ref> This department publishes an electronic magazine called ''Thiru Koil''<ref>[https://hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/hrce_magazine.php ''Thiru Koil'' magazine]</ref> at its official website.<br />
<br />
== Temples ==<br />
Below are a few temples maintained by the department.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Temples |url=https://hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/temple_list.php |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Government of Tamil Nadu – Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments Department}}</ref><br />
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br />
* [[Adi Jagannatha Perumal Temple]], [[Thiruppullani]]<br />
* [[Adi Kumbeswarar Temple, Kumbakonam]]<br />
* [[Adikesava Perumal temple, Sriperumpudur|Adikesava Perumal Temple, Sriperumpudur]]<br />
* [[Agniswarar Temple, Kanjanur]]<br />
* [[Airavatesvara Temple]], [[Darasuram]]<br />
* [[Amritaghateswarar-Abirami Temple, Thirukkadaiyur]]<br />
* [[Angala Devi|Angala Parameswari Temple]], [[Melmalayanur]]<br />
* [[Anjaneya Temple, Nanganallur]]<br />
* [[Annamalaiyar Temple]], [[Tiruvannamalai]]<br />
* [[Apatsahayesvarar Temple, Alangudi]]<br />
* [[Ardhanareeswarar Temple, Tiruchengode]]<br />
* [[Arulmigu Mariamman Temple, Samayapuram|Mariamman Temple]], [[Samayapuram]]<br />
* [[Arulmigu Munthi Vinayagar Temple|Puliakulam Munthi Vinayagar Temple, Coimbatore]]<br />
* [[Arulmigu Solaimalai Murugan Temple, Pazhamudircholai|Solaimalai Murugan Temple]], [[Pazhamudircholai]]<br />
* [[Arulmigu Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Thiruparankundram|Subramaniya Swamy Temple]], [[Thiruparankundram]]<br />
* [[Arulmigu Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Tiruchendur|Subramanya Swamy Temple]], [[Tiruchendur]]<br />
* [[Arulmigu Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Tiruttani|Subramaniya Swamy Temple]], [[Thiruttani]]<br />
* [[Arulmigu Swaminatha Swamy Temple, Swamimalai|Swaminatha Swamy Temple]], [[Swamimalai]]<br />
* [[Ashtalakshmi Temple, Chennai]]<br />
* [[Bhavani Sangameswarar Temple|Sangameswarar Temple]], [[Bhavani]]<br />
* [[Brahmapureeswarar Temple]], [[Thiruppattur, Tiruchirappalli|Thiruppattur]]<br />
* [[Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram]]<br />
* [[Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur]]<br />
* [[Chandra Choodeswarar Temple, Hosur]]<br />
* [[Chitragupta temple, Kanchipuram|Chitragupta Temple]], [[Kanchipuram]]<br />
* [[Devanathaswamy temple]], [[Thiruvanthipuram]] <br />
* [[Devi Kanya Kumari|Baghavathiamman Temple, Kanyakumari]]<br />
* [[Ekambareswarar Temple (Kanchipuram)|Ekambareswarar Temple, Kanchipuram]]<br />
* [[Erumbeeswarar Temple]], [[Thiruverumbur]]<br />
* [[Jalakandeswarar Temple, Vellore]]<br />
* [[Jalantheeswarar Temple]], [[Thakkolam]]<br />
* [[Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval]]<br />
* [[Kabartheeswarar Temple]], [[Thiruvalanchuzhi]]<br />
* [[Kailasanathar Temple, Thingalur]]<br />
* [[Kalikambal Temple]], [[Chennai]]<br />
* [[Kallazhagar Temple]], [[Alagar Koyil]]<br />
* [[Kamakshi Amman Temple, Mangadu]]<br />
* [[Kamakshi Amman Temple]], [[Kanchipuram]]<br />
* [[Kampaheswarar Temple, Thirubuvanam]]<br />
* [[Kanchi Kailasanathar Temple|Kailasanathar Temple]], [[Kanchipuram]]<br />
* [[Kandaswami Temple, Georgetown]]<br />
* [[Kapaleeshwarar Temple]], [[Chennai]]<br />
* [[Karchapeswarar Temple]], [[Kanchipuram]]<br />
* [[Karumariamman Temple, Tiruverkadu]]<br />
* [[Koniamman Temple|Arulmigu Koniamman Temple, Coimbatore]]<br />
* [[Koodal Azhagar Temple]], [[Madurai]]<br />
* [[Koothanur Maha Saraswathi Temple|Maha Saraswathi Temple]], [[Koothanur]]<br />
* [[Kumarakottam Temple]], [[Kanchipuram]]<br />
* [[Mahalingeswarar Temple, Thiruvidaimarudur]]<br />
*[[Uthirakosamangai|Mangalanatha Swamy Temple, Uthirakosamangai]]<br />
* [[Marudhamalai (temple)|Marudhamalai Murugan Temple]], [[Marudhamalai (temple)|Marudhamalai]]<br />
* [[Marundeeswarar Temple]], [[Chennai]]<br />
* [[Masilamaniswara Temple, Thirumullaivoyal|Masilamaniswara Temple]], [[Thirumullaivoyal]]<br />
* [[Meenakshi Amman Temple]], [[Madurai]]<br />
* [[Nagannathaswamy Temple, Keezhaperumpallam]]<br />
* [[Namakkal Anjaneyar Temple|Anjaneyar Temple]], [[Namakkal]]<br />
* [[Narasimhaswamy Temple, Namakkal]]<br />
* [[Nellaiappar Temple]], [[Tirunelveli]]<br />
* [[Palani Murugan Temple]], [[Palani]]<br />
* [[Pandava Thoothar Perumal Temple]], [[Kanchipuram]]<br />
* [[Parthasarathy Temple]], [[Chennai]]<br />
* [[Perur Pateeswarar Temple|Perur Pateeswarar Temple, Coimbatore]]<br />
* [[Punnainallur Mariamman|Punnainallur Maariamman Temple]], [[Thanjavur]]<br />
* [[Rajagopalaswamy Temple, Mannargudi]]<br />
* [[Ramanathaswamy Temple]], [[Rameshwaram]]<br />
* [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Karamadai]], [[Coimbatore]]<br />
* [[Sarangapani temple|Sarangapani Temple]], [[Kumbakonam]]<br />
* [[Sathyanatheswarar temple|Sathyanatheswarar Temple]], [[Kanchipuram]]<br />
* [[Sattainathar Temple, Sirkazhi]]<br />
* [[Shanmughanathar Temple, Kunnakudi]]<br />
* [[Sikkal Navaneetheswarar Temple|Navaneetheswarar Temple]], [[Sikkal]]<br />
* [[Sikkal Singaravelan Temple|Singaravelan Temple]], [[Sikkal]]<br />
* [[Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam]]<br />
* [[Sri Vadaranyeswarar Temple|Vadaranyeswarar Temple]], [[Thiruvalangadu]]<br />
* [[Srivilliputhur Andal Temple]], [[Srivilliputhur]]<br />
* [[Suryanar Kovil]], [[Kumbakonam]]<br />
* [[Swetharanyeswarar Temple]], [[Thiruvenkadu]]<br />
* [[Thanumalayan Temple|Thanumalayaswamy Temple, Suchindrum]]<br />
* [[Thayumanaswami Temple, Rockfort|Thayumanaswami Temple]], [[Tiruchirapalli]]<br />
* [[Thenupuriswarar Temple, Patteeswaram]]<br />
* [[Thirukadalmallai|Sthala Sayana Perumal Temple]], [[Mahabalipuram]]<br />
* [[Thirukkadigai|Yoga Narasimhar Temple]], [[Sholinghur]]<br />
* [[Thirukutralam|Thirukutralam Temple]], [[Kutralam]]<br />
* [[Thiruporur Kandaswamy temple|Kandaswamy Temple]], [[Thiruporur]]<br />
* [[Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur]]<br />
* [[Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvottiyur]]<br />
* [[Tiru Parameswara Vinnagaram|Vaikunta Perumal Temple]], [[Kanchipuram]]<br />
* [[Tirunageswaram Naganathar Temple]], [[Tirunageswaram]]<br />
* [[Tirunallar Dharbaranyeswarar Temple]], [[Thirunallar]]<br />
* [[Ucchi Pillayar Temple, Rockfort|Ucchi Pillayar Temple]], [[Tiruchirapalli]]<br />
* [[Ulagalantha Perumal Temple, Kanchipuram]]<br />
* [[Ulagalantha Perumal Temple, Tirukoyilur]]<br />
* [[Uma Maheswarar Temple, Konerirajapuram]]<br />
* [[Uppiliappan Temple]], [[Kumbakonam]]<br />
* [[Vadapalani Andavar Temple]], [[Chennai]]<br />
* [[Vaitheeswaran Koil|Vaidyanatha Swamy Temple]], [[Vaitheeswaran Koil]]<br />
* [[Vallakottai Subramaniyaswami temple|Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Vallakottai]]<br />
* [[Varadharaja Perumal Temple, Kanchipuram]]<br />
* [[Vayalur Murugan Temple]], [[Vayalur]]<br />
* [[Vedapureeswarar Temple, Thiruverkadu]]<br />
* [[Veerateeswarar Temple, Thirukovilur]]<br />
* [[Vekkali Amman Temple]], [[Woraiyur]]<br />
* [[Vijayaraghava Perumal temple|Vijayaraghava Perumal Temple]], [[Kanchipuram]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references responsive="0" /><br />
<br />
{{Government Departments of Tamil Nadu}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Government departments of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Hinduism in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:1960 establishments in Madras State]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punganur&diff=450648Punganur2026-02-17T04:59:55Z<p>Ranehospital: Page updated with relevant improvements</p>
<hr />
<div>{{More citations needed|date=July 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Punganur<br />
| nicknames = Pungapuri, Pulinaadu<br />
| other_name = Punganuru<br />
| settlement_type = [[Town]]<br />
| image_skyline = Punganur palace.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|13.3667|N|78.5833|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = [[India]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Annamayya district|Annamayya]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh|Mandal]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = Punganur<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = [[Municipality]]<br />
| governing_body = Punganur Municipality<br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Punganuru Municipality |url=http://cdma.ap.gov.in/Punganuru/Basic_information_Municipality.html|website=Commissioner & Director of Municipal Administration|publisher=Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh|accessdate=19 August 2014}}</ref><br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 32.28<br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = 764<br />
| population_total = 54,746<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 517 247<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = +91–8581<br />
| registration_plate = AP 03 <br />
AP 39<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = Assembly Constituency<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Punganur Assembly constituency|Punganur]]<br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] Constituency<br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Rajampet Lok Sabha constituency|Rajampeta]]<br />
| website = {{URL|cdma.ap.gov.in/Punganuru/|Punganur Municipality}}<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Punganur''' or '''Punganuru''', is a Municipality in [[Annamayya district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Punganur Municipality |url=https://cdma.ap.gov.in/en/about-punganur-municipality}}</ref> It is the mandal headquarters of Punganur mandal in [[Madanapalle revenue division]]. The famous Rashtrakuta. Kannada Jain Poet [[Ponna (poet)|PONNA]] (b.945 A.D) belonged to Punganuru. Another great Jain Philanthropist and Royal personage [[Attimabbe|ATTIMABBE]],who Patronised [[Western Chalukya Empire|Chalukyan]] Court Kannada Jain Poet [[Ranna (Kannada poet)|Ranna]](b.950 A.D) who was a contemporary of the above Poet [[Ponna (poet)|PONNA]] also belonged to Punganur.<br />
<br />
== Geography ==<br />
Punganur is located at {{Coord|13.3667|N|78.5833|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/02/Punganuru.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Punganuru, India|work=fallingrain.com}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 764 meters (2509 feet).<br />
<br />
== Demographics ==<br />
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Punganur had a population of 54,746. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Punganur has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 56%. In Punganur, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.<br />
<br />
== Governance ==<br />
<br />
=== Civic administration ===<br />
Punganur panchayat was upgraded to 3rd Grade Municipality on 19 January 1985, Punganur Municipality was upgraded from a 3rd Grade to a 2nd Grade municipality with 31 election wards on August 11, 2023. This change was made official through a government order (G.O. 95), recognizing the growth and development of the area, particularly in terms of population and infrastructure improvements.<br />
<br />
=== Politics ===<br />
[[Punganur Assembly constituency]] is a constituency of [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] and the constituency number is 165 in [[Rajampet Lok Sabha constituency]]. It is one of 7 Parliamentary constituencies in Annamayya district.[[File:Punganur Palace.jpg|thumb|Punganur Zamindari Palace|left|220x220px]]<br />
<br />
== The Punganur cow ==<br />
[[Punganur cattle|The Punganur cow]] is a distinct breed, named after the town of its origin. White and light grey in colour with a broad forehead and short horns, its average height is 70–90&nbsp;cm and its weight is 115–200&nbsp;kg. The cow has an average milk yield of 3 to 5 litres per day (with a fat content of 8%, whereas the normal milk has a fat content of 3.5%). Its daily feed intake of 5&nbsp;kg. It is highly drought resistant, and able to survive exclusively on dry fodder. It is now on the verge of extinction.<br />
<br />
== Temples ==<br />
Sri Someswara Temple (situated within the precincts of the Zamindar Palace, once the centre of the [[Punganur Estate]]), also called Kukkudechuram or Kukkutasuram, is one of the Thevara Vaipputh Thalangal of the Shaivite holy places mentioned in his literature by Tamil Nayanar Appar, the saint-poet of the 7th century A.D. Together with Sambandhar and Sundara, Appar is one of the three most prominent of the 63 Nayanars. This temple was constructed by the [[Cholas]].<br />
<br />
Another notable temple is the Pundeswara Temple in Mugavadi near Punganur.<br />
<br />
== Movie theatres ==<br />
* SVM Cinemas UFO Sony 2K A/C 3D Dolby Atmos silver screen. <br />
* Balaji Movie Land UFO chris<br />
te 4k A/C 3D Dolby7.1 surround Ex silver screen. <br />
* MSR Movie Land UFO christe 2k Dolby Digital 7.1 Sound. <br />
* Taj Mahal Theatre UFO Ultra laser Dolby Digital 7.1 surround. <br />
* Gokul Theatre Ufo Dolby stereo surround. (Temporarily Closed).<br />
<br />
== Transport ==<br />
'''Roadways'''<br />
<br />
Punganur is well connected to major cities through [[National Highway (India)|National]] and [[State highways|State Highways]]. The National Highway through Punganur is, [[National Highway 42 (India)]] connecting Punganur with [[Madanapalle]] and [[Anantapur]] on North and connecting [[Krishnagiri]] on South. State Highway 65 (Andhra Pradesh) connecting Punganur with [[Chowdepalle]], [[Somala]], [[Sodam|Sadum]], Kallur, [[Pulicherla mandal|Pulicherla]], and [[Rompicherla, Chittoor district|Rompicherla]] Mandals on East and the major junctions in this State Highway are [[National Highway 40 (India)]] at Kallur, and [[National Highway 71 (India)]] near [[Rompicherla, Chittoor district|Rompicherla.]]<br />
<br />
[[National Highway 42 (India)|NH 42]] - Joladarashi ([[Karnataka]]) to [[Krishnagiri]] ([[Tamil Nadu|Tamilnadu]])<br />
<br />
SH 65 - Punganur to [[Rompicherla, Chittoor district|Rompicharla]]<br />
<br />
'''Public transport'''<br />
[[File:APS RTC Bus Depot Punganur.jpg|thumb|APS RTC Bus Depot Punganur]]<br />
There are two bus terminals in Punganur. State owned [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]] operates bus services from Punganur bus station to different parts of the district, state and interstate. Bus services are operated to Gaanugachinta, [[Chalampalli|Challampalli]], Pedda upparapalli, [[Baireddipalle|Baireddipalli]], Vengamvaripalli, Chokkandlapalli, Kummaragunta, Naakerepalli, Gosuvaripalli, Naaganapalli, Metimandha, A.Kothakota, Dhoddipalli, [[Ramasamudram]], [[Chowdepalle]], Naayana Pakala, [[Pakala, Tirupati district|Pakala]], [[Tirupati]], [[Tirumala]], [[Madanapalle]], [[Kadiri]], [[Palamaner]], [[Chittoor]], [[Kalikiri]], [[Rayachoti]], [[Pileru|Piler]], [[Kadapa]], [[Nellore]], [[Anantapur]], [[Vijayawada]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Chennai]], [[Bangalore]], and also to the other major towns and cities in the [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Tamilnadu]], [[Karnataka]], and [[Telangana]] states.<br />
<br />
'''Railways'''<br />
<br />
Under the Kadapa-Bangalore railway project a railway line passes through Kudavuru, which is a village in Punganur mandal at an distance of 8&nbsp;km (5.0&nbsp;mi) from Punganur. After completion of this railway line Punganur will get railway station at Kudavuru. At present the nearest railway station is Madanapalle Road railway station in Chinna Tippa Samudram (CTM) village, which is located 36&nbsp;km (22&nbsp;mi) from Punganur.<br />
<br />
'''Airports'''<br />
<br />
The nearest airports are:<br />
<br />
1) [[Kempegowda International Airport]]. IATA:[[Kempegowda International Airport|BLR]] at [[Bangalore]] is about 123 Kms West.<br />
<br />
2) [[Tirupati Airport]] at [[Renigunta]] in [[Tirupati]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], is about 132 kms East. IATA:[[Tirupati Airport|TIR]] is at par with other major cities, but flights are operated in a limited fashion.<br />
<br />
3) [[Chennai International Airport]]. IATA:[[Chennai International Airport|MAA]] at [[Chennai]] is about 213 kms South-East.<br />
<br />
== Education ==<br />
The primary and secondary school education is delivered by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state. The languages of instruction followed by different schools are Telugu, Urdu, Hindi and English.<br />
<br />
'''Degree colleges:'''<br />
* Subharam Government Degree College<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.srgdcpunganur.ac.in/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=www.srgdcpunganur.ac.in}}</ref><br />
* MCV Degree College<ref>{{Cite web |title=MCV Degree college, Punganur {{!}} Best Degree College in Punganur |url=https://www.mcvdc.org/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=mcv degree college |language=en}}</ref><br />
* RR Degree College<br />
* Srinivasa Degree College<br />
* SV Degree College<br />
* HM Degree College<br />
<br />
'''Polytechnic colleges:'''<br />
<br />
* A.N.G.R.A.U:(Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University) Agricultural Polytechnic College<ref>{{Cite web |title=ANGRAU |url=https://angrau.ac.in/ANGRU/Polytechnic_Courses.aspx |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=angrau.ac.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''ITI Colleges:'''<br />
<br />
* Government Minorities ITI College<br />
* Mokshagundam Visweswaraiah Private ITI College<br />
<br />
== Notable people ==<br />
<br />
* [[Saptagiri (actor)|Sapthagiri]] - Actor<br />
* [[Vakkantham Vamsi]] - Screenwriter and Director<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Annamayya district}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Annamayya district]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bilafond_La&diff=458983Bilafond La2026-02-14T03:12:20Z<p>Ranehospital: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Mountain pass, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}<br />
{{confuse|Bilafond Glacier}}<br />
{{Infobox mountain pass<br />
| name = Bilafond La<br />
| photo = <br />
| photo_caption = <br />
| map = Ladakh#India<br />
| map_caption = Location in Ladakh, India<br />
| elevation_m = 5450<br />
| elevation_ref = <br />
| traversed = <br />
| location = [[Ladakh]] (controlled by [[India]], claimed by Pakistan)<ref name=BaghelNusser>{{cite journal |title=Securing the heights; The vertical dimension of the Siachen conflict between India and Pakistan in the Eastern Karakoram |journal=Political Geography |author=Baghel, Ravi |volume=48 |pages=31–32 |date=2015-06-17|publisher=Elsevier |author2=Nusser, Marcus |doi=10.1016/j.polgeo.2015.05.001|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Wirsing>{{cite book |last = Wirsing |first = Robert |title = Pakistan's security under Zia, 1977-1988: the policy imperatives of a peripheral Asian state |publisher = Palgrave Macmillan, 1991 |isbn = 978-0-312-06067-1|date = 15 November 1991 }}</ref> <!--As per the result of [https://en.Bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Siachen_Glacier&oldid=681625990#RfC:_How_should_the_infobox_say_that_the_glacier_is_disputed_.3F this] RfC. Please do not edit location field without relevant discussion.--><br />
| range = Eastern [[Karakoram]] Range<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|35|23|N|76|57|E|display=title,inline|region:PK_type:pass_source:GNS-enwiki}}<br />
| topo = <br />
| mapframe = yes<br />
| mapframe-wikidata = yes<br />
}}<br />
[[File:Kashmir_map.jpg|thumb|420x346px|right|Indo-Pakistani mutually-agreed undisputed ''"International Border"'' (IB) in the black line, Indo-Pakistani ''"Line of Control"'' (LoC) in black dotted line in the north and west, Indo-Sino ''"Line of Actual"'' (LAC) in black dotted line in the east, Indo-Pakistani line across Siachen in north is ''"Actual Ground Position Line"'' (AGPL). The areas shown in green are the two Pakistani-controlled areas: Gilgit–Baltistan in the north and Azad Kashmir in the south. The area shown in orange is the Indian-controlled territories of Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh, and the diagonally-hatched area to the east is the Chinese-controlled area known as Aksai Chin. ''"Territories ceded by Pakistan to China claimed by India"'' in the north is Shaksgam ([[Trans-Karakoram Tract]]).]]<br />
[[File:Un-kashmir-jammu.png|thumb|420x380px|right|[[United Nations]] map of Siachen Glacier showing ''"Point NJ980420"'' (Point NJ9842) as starting point of ''"Actual Ground Position Line"'' (AGPL), Goma military camp of Pakistan, [[Nubra River]] valley and Siachen glaciers held by India; Bilafond La and Sia La north of NJ9842 are also held by India. Masherbrum Range, Baltoro Glacier, Baltoro Glacier, Baltoro Muztagh and K2 are held by Pakistan.]]<br />
<br />
'''Bilafond La''' (meaning "Pass of the Butterflies" in [[Balti language]]), also known as the '''Saltoro Pass''', is a [[mountain pass]] situated on [[Saltoro Ridge]], sitting immediately west of the vast [[Siachen Glacier]], some {{convert|40|km|abbr=on}} directly north of map point [[NJ9842]] which defined the end of the 1972 Line of Control between [[Pakistan]] and [[India]] as part of the [[Simla Agreement]]. Bilafond La is on the ancient [[Silk Road]] linking the [[Indian subcontinent]] and [[China]]. It has been under Indian control since 1984.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110606/edit.htm|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Opinions|website=Tribuneindia.com|access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Saltoro Mountains]] Range, of which western slopes are held by Pakistan and separated by the [[Actual Ground Position Line]] (AGPL) the higher peaks and passes are held by India all of which remain snowbound throughout the year, provides access to [[Siachen Glacier]] to its east through five passes, i.e., listed from south to north are [[Chulung La]]<!-- CAUTION: retain redlink to encourage article creation.--> (5,800m), [[Yarma La]]<!-- CAUTION: retain redlink to encourage article creation.--> (6,100m), [[Gyong La]] (5,640m), Bilafond La (6,160m) - also called Saltoro La, and [[Sia La]] (7,300m).<ref name=block1>Ghazanfar Ali and Hassan Akhtar Ghani, Siachen-The world's highest battlefield; Military Technology; Bonn Vol. 22, Iss. 3, (Mar 1998): S15-S17.</ref> Bilafond La was a prominent feature during the 1984 start of military action in the [[Siachen Conflict]] between India and Pakistan. The [[Indian Army]] captured the pass in 1984 along with [[Sia La]] to the north and, in 1987, [[Gyong La]] to the south.<ref name=Wirsing>{{cite book |last = Wirsing |first = Robert |title = Pakistan's security under Zia, 1977-1988: the policy imperatives of a peripheral Asian state |publisher = Palgrave Macmillan, 1991 |isbn = 978-0-312-06067-1|date = 15 November 1991 }}</ref> India currently maintains a fortified military base at Bilafond La.<ref name=Child>{{cite book<br />
|last = Child<br />
|first = Greg<br />
|title = Thin air: encounters in the Himalayas<br />
|publisher = The Mountaineers Books, 1998<br />
|isbn = 978-0-89886-588-2<br />
|year = 1998<br />
|url-access = registration<br />
|url = https://archive.org/details/thinairencounter00chil<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Geopolitical issues==<br />
{{Main|Siachen Conflict}}<br />
Bilafond Pass, as well as nearby passes [[Sia La]] and [[Gyong La]], were scenes of military activity starting in 1984 during [[Operation Meghdoot]], part of the [[Siachen Conflict]], itself being part of the larger [[Kashmir conflict]].<ref name="Barua">{{cite book |title= The State at War in South Asia (Studies in War, Society, and the Military) |last= Barua |first= Pradeep P. |date=30 June 2005|publisher= University of Nebraska Press |isbn= 978-0-8032-1344-9 |pages=253–255 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&pg=PA253 |access-date=2009-08-06}}</ref> Due to the strategic location of the pass west of the [[Siachen Glacier]] and near the current [[Actual Ground Position Line]] between India and Pakistan, the [[Indian Army]] maintains a presence to defend their position.<ref>See {{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE6-1/Siachen.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614202041/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE6-1/Siachen.html|archive-date=14 June 2012|title=BHARAT RAKSHAK MONITOR – Volume 6 (1) July-August 2003|date=14 June 2012|access-date=11 August 2017}} for perhaps the most detailed treatment of the geography of the conflict, including its early days, and under section "3." the current status of control of Bilafond La, contrary to the oft-copied misstatement in the now-corrected error-plagued old summary formerly posted at http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/siachen.htm</ref><ref>See http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2304/stories/20060310001704400.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211144553/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2304/stories/20060310001704400.htm |date=11 December 2008 }} for a detailed, current map.</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
; Near the AGPL (Actual Ground Position Line)<br />
* [[NJ9842]], LoC ends and AGPL begins<br />
* [[Gyong La]]<br />
* [[Chumik Glacier]]<br />
* [[Saltoro Mountains]]<br />
* [[Saltoro Kangri]]<br />
* [[Ghent Kangri]]<br />
* [[Sia La]]<br />
* [[Indira Col]]<br />
<br />
; Borders<br />
* [[Actual Ground Position Line]] (AGPL)<br />
* [[India–Pakistan border|India–Pakistan International Border]] (IB)<br />
* [[Line of Control]] (LoC)<br />
* [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC)<br />
* [[Sir Creek]] (SC)<br />
* [[Borders of China]]<br />
* [[Borders of India]]<br />
* [[:Category:Borders of Pakistan|Borders of Pakistan]]<br />
<br />
; Conflicts<br />
* [[Kashmir conflict]]<br />
* [[Siachen conflict]]<br />
* [[Sino-Indian War|Sino-Indian conflict]]<br />
* [[:Category:Territorial disputes of China|List of disputed territories of China]]<br />
* [[List of disputed territories of India]]<br />
* [[:Category:Territorial disputes of Pakistan|List of disputed territories of Pakistan]]<br />
* [[Northern Areas]]<br />
* [[Trans-Karakoram Tract]]<br />
<br />
; Operations<br />
* [[Operation Meghdoot]], by India<br />
* [[Operation Rajiv]], by India<br />
* [[Operation Safed Sagar]], by India<br />
<br />
; Other related topics<br />
* [[Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces]]<br />
* [[Bana Singh]], after whom Quaid Post was renamed to Bana Top <br />
* [[Dafdar]], westernmost town in Trans-Karakoram Tract<br />
* [[India-China Border Roads]]<br />
* [[List of extreme points of India]]<br />
* [[Sino-Pakistan Agreement]] for transfer of Trans-Karakoram Tract to China<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
* {{cite journal |title=Nomenclature in the Karakoram: Discussion |author=Close C |journal=The Geographical Journal |volume=76 |issue=2 |year=1930 |pages=148–158 |doi=10.2307/1783980 |jstor=1783980 |publisher=The Geographical Journal, Vol. 76, No. 2 |author2=Burrard S |author3=Younghusband F |display-authors=3 |last4=Longstaff |first4=T. G. |last5=Ryder |first5=C. H. D. |last6=Bruce |first6=C. G. |last7=Neame |first7=P. |last8=Hinks |first8=M. |last9=Reynolds |first9=J. H.|bibcode=1930GeogJ..76..148C }}<br />
* {{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501050711/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050911020444/http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501050711/ |archive-date=11 September 2005 |title=A Slow Thaw |magazine=Time | date=7 November 2005 | access-date=26 April 2010}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.friendsoftibet.org/mediaonfot/2005.04.16-siachen_peace_park_or_war_zone-sanctuary_asia.html Siachen Peace Park]<br />
<br />
{{Mountain passes of India}}<br />
{{Ladakh}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mountain passes of Ladakh]]<br />
[[Category:Siachen Glacier]]<br />
[[Category:Mountain passes of the Himalayas]]<br />
[[Category:Mountain passes of the Karakoram]]<br />
[[Category:Leh district]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Our_Moon_Has_Blood_Clots&diff=450176Our Moon Has Blood Clots2026-02-11T19:12:56Z<p>Ranehospital: Enhanced content and organization</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|2013 memoir by Rahul Pandita}}<br />
{{Infobox book|<!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels or Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books --><br />
| name = Our Moon has Blood Clots : The Exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits<br />
| title_orig = <br />
| translator = <br />
| image = Our Moon has Blood Clots.jpg<br />
| author = [[Rahul Pandita]]<br />
| cover_artist = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = English<br />
| series = <br />
| subject = <br />
| genre = <br />
| publisher = <br />
| release_date = 1 January 2013<br />
| media_type = Print (Paperback)<br />
| pages = 258<br />
| isbn = 9788184000870<br />
| dewey = <br />
| congress = <br />
| preceded_by = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Our Moon has Blood Clots : The Exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits''''' is a 2013 memoir by Indian author [[Rahul Pandita]] about the [[exodus of Kashmiri Hindus]] in the late 1989 and early 1990, as well as fleeing of Kashmiris a generation earlier as a result of [[India–Pakistan_war_of_1947–1948#Operation_Gulmarg_plan|raids by Pashtun tribesman]].<ref>{{cite news|title='Great wrong done to KPs' must be acknowledged in internal dialogue'|url=http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/great-wrong-done-to-kps-must-be-acknowledged-in-internal-dialogue/|accessdate=4 April 2014|newspaper=Daily Excelsior|date=2 April 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
Manjula Narayan of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote: "The form contributes to much of the power of this book that speaks of the pain of fleeing a beloved home, incorporates moving descriptions of rituals specific to the Shaivite Pandits, and weaves in oral histories and snatches of poetry from, among others, Lal Ded and Agha Shahid Ali".<ref>{{cite news|title=Review: Our Moon has Blood Clots|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/review-our-moon-has-blood-clots/story-6IDCugmB6heFDJDJ7NN08N.html|last=Narayan|first=Manjula|accessdate=4 April 2014|work=Hindustan Times|date=19 January 2013}}</ref> Soutik Biswas of ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]'' gave a positive review and said, "Pandita writes evocatively about passing trucks filled with scared Pandits escaping to Jammu, the women “herded like cattle”, and a man showing the family his fist and wishing them death." He however felt that journalism was the "weakest link in what is a largely engaging memoir."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/7azsSQihujuZe8vTFpVIjK/Book-Review--Our-Moon-Has-Blood-Clots.html|title=Book Review: Our Moon Has Blood Clots|last=Biswas|first=Soutik|work=Mint|date=31 January 2013|accessdate=23 November 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
Amberish K Diwanji of ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' wrote that the book "Our Moon Has Blood Clots makes for difficult reading. Not only did the refugees suffer from government neglect, even their religious kindred in Jammu cared little for them and exploited them. Entire families, with five or six members, were put up in small rooms. There was no privacy, rents were exorbitant and water was rationed."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/review-book-review-our-moon-has-blood-clots-the-exodus-of-the-kashmiri-pandits-1797521|title=Book Review: 'Our Moon Has Blood Clots: The exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits'|last=Diwanji|first=Amberish K|work=Daily News and Analysis|date=10 February 2013|accessdate=23 November 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* Anuradha Bhasin Jamwal, [http://www.epw.in/journal/2013/17/book-reviews/moon-many-shades.html A Moon has Many Shades], Economic and Political Weekly, 27 April 2013.<br />
** Rahul Pandita, [http://www.epw.in/journal/2013/22/discussion/selective-memory-collective-amnesia.html Selective Memory, Collective Amnesia], Economic and Political Weekly, 1 June 2013.<br />
** Sualeh Keen, [http://www.epw.in/journal/2013/23/discussion/inconvenient-people.html Inconvenient People], Economic and Political Weekly, 8 June 2013.<br />
** Bashir Manzir, [http://www.epw.in/journal/2013/30/discussion/kashmir-tale-two-communities-cloven.html Kashmir: A Tale of Two Communities, Cloven], Economic and Political Weekly, 27 July 2013.<br />
* D. P. Satish, [http://www.gatewayhouse.in/book-review-our-moon-has-blood-clots/ Book review: Our Moon Has Blood Clots], Gateway House, 1 February 2013.<br />
* Prayaag Akbar, [http://www.sunday-guardian.com/bookbeat/a-partial-but-important-depiction-of-loss-and-exile A partial but important depiction of loss and exile], The Sunday Guardian, 7 February 2013.<br />
* Pradeep Magazine, [http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/from-the-valley-a-selective-remembrance-of-things-past/article4390291.ece From the Valley, a selective remembrance of things past], The Hindu, 8 February 2013.<br />
* Amberish K. Dewanji, [http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/review-book-review-our-moon-has-blood-clots-the-exodus-of-the-kashmiri-pandits-1797521 Book Review: 'Our Moon Has Blood Clots: The exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits'], Daily News and Analysis, 10 February 2013.<br />
* Peter Griffin, [http://www.forbesindia.com/article/recliner/rahul-pandita-on-kashmir-and-its-stories/34787/1 Rahul Pandita On Kashmir and its Stories], Forbes India, 8 March 2013.<br />
* K. S. Narayanan, [http://www.thesundayindian.com/en/story/book-review-our-moon-has-blood-clots/19/46996/ Book Review: Our Moon Has Blood Clots], The Sunday Indian, 14 March 2013.<br />
* Nandini Krishnan, [https://web.archive.org/web/20141011001744/http://www.sify.com/news/rahul-pandita-basharat-peer-and-kashmir-s-contradictory-stories-news-columns-nezkMIebbbgsi.html Rahul Pandita, Basharat Peer and Kashmir's contradictory stories], SIFY News, 25 April 2013.<br />
*{{Cite book|last=Rai|first=Mridu|title=Kashmir and the Future of South Asia|publisher=Routledge|year=2020|editor-last=Bose|editor-first=Sugata|chapter=Narratives from exile: Kashmiri Pandits and their construction of the past|editor-last2=Ayesha|editor-first2=Jalal|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x6oLEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA91}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://rahulpandita.com/ Official website]<br />
*[http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/just-books/just-books-rahul-pandita-on-our-moon-has-blood-clots/263149 Just Books: Rahul Pandita on 'Our Moon Has Blood Clots'], ''[[NDTV]]''<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Books about the Kashmir conflict]]<br />
[[Category:Indian memoirs]]<br />
[[Category:2013 non-fiction books]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mudiyettu&diff=518715Mudiyettu2026-02-07T19:36:36Z<p>Ranehospital: Pg</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|South Indian traditional ritual theatre and semi-classical/folk dance drama}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox performing art<br />
| name = Mudiyettu <br />
| image = Mudiyettu at Kezhoor kavu 02-02-2013 2-04-33.JPG<br />
| caption = Mudiyettu at [[Keezhoor]] shrine in 2013<br />
| medium = Ritual theatre and folk dance <br />
| types = <br />
| ancestor = <br />
| descendant = <br />
| culture = [[Culture of Kerala|Kerala]]<br />
| era =<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox intangible heritage<br />
| ICH = Mudiyettu, ritual theatre and dance drama of Kerala<br />
| State Party = India<br />
| ID = 00345<br />
| Region = APA<br />
| Year = 2010<br />
| Session = 5th<br />
| List = Representative<br />
}}<br />
[[File:മുടിയേറ്റ്.jpg|right|thumb|Mudiyettu]]<br />
[[File:Kooli Mudiyett കൂളി മുടിയേറ്റ്.jpg|thumb|250px|right|kooli - a character who helps Kali appear as a comedian]]<br />
'''Mudiyettu''' is a traditional ritual theatre and folk dance drama from [[Kerala]] that enacts the mythological tale of a battle between the goddess [[Kali]] and the demon [[Darika]]. The ritual is a part of the [[Bhagavathi]] or [[Bhadrakali]] cult. The dance is performed in Bhadrakali temples, the temples of the [[Mother Goddess]], between February and May after the harvesting season.<br />
<br />
In 2010 Mudiyettu was inscribed in the [[UNESCO]]’s [[Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity]], becoming the second art form from Kerala after [[Koodiyattam]].<ref>{{cite news |title=UNESCO recognition a boost to Mudiyettu&#124;http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/26/stories/2010112651080200.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 November 2010 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Kali-Darika myth ==<br />
Darika was a demon who received a boon from [[Brahma]] which granted that he would never be defeated by any man living in any of the [[Hindu mythology|fourteen worlds of Hindu mythology]]. This made Darika immensely powerful and arrogant. Armed with this boon, Darika went on to conquer the world defeating even [[Indra]], the king of the gods. As his atrocities became intolerable, the sage [[Narada]] requested [[Shiva]] to contain Darika. Shiva agreed, circumventing Brahma's boon by declaring that Darika would be killed by the goddess Kali, she being a woman and one not to be counted among men from fourteen worlds.<br />
<br />
== Features of Mudiyettu ==<br />
Mudiyettu is a village ritual performed by members of the [[Marar (Caste)|Marar]] and Kuruppu communities in [[Thrissur]], [[Ernakulam]], [[Kottayam]] and [[Idukki]] districts of Kerala. However, the entire community contributes to and participates in it. Mudiyettu is performed annually in ‘Bhagavati Kavus’, the temples of the goddess, in different villages along the rivers [[Chalakkudy Puzha]], [[Periyar (river)|Periyar]] and [[Moovattupuzha]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mudiyettu, ritual theatre and dance drama of Kerala - UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/mudiyettu-ritual-theatre-and-dance-drama-of-kerala-00345 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250907161550/https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/mudiyettu-ritual-theatre-and-dance-drama-of-kerala-00345 |archive-date=2025-09-07 |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=ich.unesco.org |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
There is no rehearsal or preparation involved in playing Kali. The performance is a natural progression from Shiva, Narada, demons Danavan and Darikan to Kali. A complete Mudiyettu performance requires a total of 16 persons— including percussionists, Kalamezhuthu artists, vocalists.<ref>{{cite news |title=Girls too must inherit the tradition: Mudiyettu exponent&#124;http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/article906982.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 November 2010 }}</ref> There are also evident regional differences in the attire and performance styles of Mudiyettu. Thus, in the Koratty style, Kali exhibits a bare torso, covered only by a breast-shaped plank while in the Kunnayckal, Keezhillam and the Pazhoor styles, she wears a full upper body dress. Similarly, in the Koratty style, Darika's ''mudi'' resembles the [[Kathakali]] crown and his face paint the ''Kathi Veshas'' of Kathakali. This points to how the two forms have become interlinked even though Mudiyettu predates Kathakali, with [[Epigraphy|epigraphists]] tracing its evolution as an art to even the 9th or 10th century AD.<ref name="hindu">{{cite news |title=UNESCO recognition for an age-old art |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/17/stories/2010111753170500.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=17 November 2010 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== The role of the community ==<br />
Mudiyettu is a communal undertaking in which each caste of the village plays a specific role. The bamboo artefacts and leather hides for drums are provided by the [[Parayan]] caste while the [[Thandan]] caste brings the [[areca nut]] fronds that are required for the masks and headgears. The [[Ganaka]]n community paints the masks while the Kuruvan community keeps the country torches burning. It is the Veluthedan (Patiyan) caste that washes the clothes used for making the deity’'s dress while the Maran caste readies the torches and keeps them supplied with oil.{{fact|date=December 2019}}<br />
<br />
Thus each caste in the village contributes to the festival according to its traditional caste role. Mutual cooperation and collective participation of each caste in the ritual instills and strengthens common identity and mutual bonding in the community.<ref name="NominationFile">Nomination File No. 00345 For Inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2010. UNESCO, 2010.</ref><br />
<br />
== Transmitting and conserving Mudiyettu ==<br />
Being a community based art form it is the community that has traditionally encouraged and trained the next generation to preserve the art form. There is no school or institution to give training in this art form and its survival depends almost exclusively on direct transmission through the Guru-Shishya Parampara.<ref name="NominationFile" /> In 2010 Mudiyettu was inscribed in the [[UNESCO]]’s [[Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity]] due to its role in "transmission of traditional values, ethics, moral codes and aesthetic norms of the community to the next generation."<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Arts of Kerala]]<br />
* [[Kerala Folklore Academy]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
* ''Kerala Charithram'', book by Kumarakom Sankunni Menon<br />
<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
<br />
{{Culture of Kerala}}<br />
[[Category:Dances of Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity]]<br />
[[Category:Religious vernacular drama]]<br />
[[Category:Cultural heritage of India]]<br />
[[Category:Theatre of India]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_massacres_in_India&diff=468033List of massacres in India2026-02-07T02:56:16Z<p>Ranehospital: small expanded citations per standard format further and corrected details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|None}}<br />
{{for|other topics with similar names|Indian massacre (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}<br />
{{Multiple issues|<br />
{{more citations needed|date=November 2014}}<br />
{{Primary sources|date=October 2020}}<br />
{{Unreliable sources|date=October 2020}}<br />
{{Disputed|date=March 2021}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}<br />
A [[massacre]] is the deliberate slaughter of members of one group by one or more members of another more powerful group. A massacre may be indiscriminate or highly methodical in application. A massacre is a single event, though it may occur during the course of an extended military campaign or war. A massacre is separate from a battle (an event in which opposing sides fight), but may follow in its immediate aftermath, when one side has surrendered or lost the ability to fight, yet the victors persist in killing their opponents.<br />
<br />
==Pre-colonial India==<br />
{|class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"<br />
|-<br />
!Name/Place<br />
!Date<br />
!Location<br />
!'''Perpetrator''' <br />
!Deaths<br />
!Notes<br />
!Ref(s)<br />
|-<br />
|[[Siege of Chittorgarh (1303)]]<br />
|1303<br />
|[[Chittor]], [[Guhila dynasty|Guhila kingdom]]<br />
|{{flagicon image |Delhi Sultanate Flag.svg}} [[Delhi Sultanate|Sultanate of Delhi]]<br />
|30,000 Hindu<br />
|[[Alauddin Khalji]] ordered the massacre of 30,000 people of [[Chittor]] after besieging and capturing it, according to [[Amir Khusrau]].<br />
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&q=khilji+chittor+30%2C000&pg=PA30|title=The State at War in South Asia|last=Barua|first=Pradeep|date=January 2005|publisher= University of Nebraska Press|pages=30, 317|isbn=0803213441}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=History of the Khaljis, A.D. 1290-1320|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XXqAQAACAAJ|publisher=Asia Publishing House|date=1967|language=en|first=Kishori Saran|last=Lal}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568)|Siege of Chittorgarh (1568)]]<br />
|February 1568<br />
|[[Chittor Fort]]<br />
|[[File:Flag of the Mughal Empire.png|25px]] [[Mughal Empire]]<br />
|30,000<br />
| [[Akbar]] ordered the general massacre of 30,000 non combatants in [[Chittor]] and took many as prisoners.<br />
| <ref>{{Cite book|author=Rima Hooja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qqd1RAAACAAJ |title=A History of Rajasthan (PB) |date=2006 |publisher=Rupa & Company|isbn=978-81-291-1501-0|page=463|quote=The subsequent sack of Chittor was accompanied by a massacre of the surviving populace of some 30,000 non-combatantsmany of whom were peasants from surrounding areas who had sought shelter within the fort|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Satish Chandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qDxuAAAAMAAJ |title=Mughal Religious Policies, the Rajputs & the Deccan |date=1993 |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |isbn=978-0-7069-6385-4|page=21|quote=Exaspered by the stiffness of the resistance, Akbar ordered a general massacre in the course of which about 30,000 persons were killed including the defenders and a large number of peasants who had taken shelter in the fort. A large number of people were taken prisoners|language=en}}</ref> <br />
|-<br />
|[[Timur#Campaign against the Tughlaq dynasty|Capture of Delhi (1398)]]<br />
|1398<br />
|[[Loni, Ghaziabad]],<br />
{{flagicon image |Delhi Sultanate Flag.svg}} [[Delhi Sultanate]]<br />
|{{flagicon image |Timurid.svg}} [[Timurid Empire]]<br />
|100,000 Indian captives<br />
|Before the Battle of Delhi, [[Timur|Timur the Lame]] saw his plunder and captured slaves reaching massive numbers. Fearing complications, he ordered his soldiers to kill all 100,000 captives to prevent a rebellion before the attack. Historical accounts are unclear, but an estimated million casualties on the Indian side, including slaves, civilians, and soldiers, is assumed.<br />
|<ref>{{cite book|last=Raychaudhuri and Habib|title=Cambridge Economic History Of India Vol-1|year=2004|publisher=Orient Blackswan|page=91|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PsyatLixPsUC&pg=PA91|access-date=28 January 2014|isbn=9788125027300}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=N. Jayapalan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6L6avTlqJNYC&q=timur+massacre+Bhatnir&pg=PA50|title=History of India|publisher=Atlantic Publishers and Distributors|year=2001|isbn=978-8171569281}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5434|title=The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period|publisher=Trübner and Company|year=1871|page=[https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5434/page/n508 491]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Battle of Delhi {{!}} Summary|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Delhi-1398|access-date=2021-10-03|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Battle of Ahmednagar<br />
|1559-60<br />
|[[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]<br />
|[[Vijayanagara Empire]]<br><br />
{{flagicon image |Flag of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.svg}}[[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]<br />
|Unknown<br />
|According to [[Firishta]], the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]] army of [[Aliya Rama Raya|Ram Raya]] allied with [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur]] laid waste to the Ahmednagar's country so thoroughly that from [[Paranda|Parenda]] to [[Junnar]] and from Ahmednagar to [[Daulatabad, Maharashtra|Daulatabad]], not a vestige of population was left. They also massacred and looted [[Gujarati Muslims|Muslims]] in [[Ahmednagar]]. During the siege of [[Ahmednagar Fort]], [[Ali Adil Shah I|Ali Adil Shah]] of Bijapur and [[Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali|Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah]] of [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Golconda]] also laid waste to the adjacent territory.<br />
|<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5C4hBqKdkEsC&pg=PA110|title=The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar|author=Radhey Shyam|year=1966|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|pages=110, 111|isbn=9788120826519}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F-ub1MSr89QC&pg=PA79|title=Courtly Encounters: Translating Courtliness and Violence in Early Modern Eurasia|author=Sanjay Subrahmanyam|date=30 October 2012|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|page=79|isbn=9780674067363|author-link=Sanjay Subrahmanyam}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Cambridge History of India, Volume 3|author=Wolseley Haig|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|page=682|author-link=Wolseley Haig}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Khejarli massacre]]<br />
|1730<br />
|[[Khejarli]]<br />
|{{flagicon image |Flag of Jodhpur.svg}}<br />
[[Kingdom of Marwar]]<br />
|363<br />
[[Bishnoi]]s <br />
|363 [[Bishnois]] killed, tree harvesting halted and outlawed in the [[Khejarli]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bishnoi villagers sacrifice lives to save trees, 1730 {{!}} Global Nonviolent Action Database |url=https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/bishnoi-villagers-sacrifice-lives-save-trees-1730 |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Chhota Ghallughara]]<br />
|1746<br />
|[[Lahore]]<br />
|{{flagicon image |Flag of the Mughal Empire (triangular).svg}}[[Mughal Empire]]<br />
|3,000 Sikh prisoners<br />
|7,000 Sikhs were killed in battle with armies of [[Mughal period in Lahore|Diwan of Lahore]]. 3,000 were captured and executed in Lahore.<br />
|<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA675|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813|author=Jaswant Lal Mehta|publisher=Sterling Publishers|year=2005|isbn=9781932705546}}</ref><ref name="Shani">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HKu66SixH6AC&pg=PA85|title=Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age|author=Giorgio Shani|publisher=Routledge|year=2007|page=85|isbn=9781134101894}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Vadda Ghalughara]]<br />
|1763<br />
|[[Punjab]]<br />
|[[File:Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Herat.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Durrani Empire]]<br />
|Est. 25,000–30,000 Sikhs<br />
| Perpetrated by Afghan Muslim forces of [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]].<br />
|<ref name=Shani/><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Colonial India==<br />
{|class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"<br />
|-<br />
!Name/Place<br />
!Date<br />
!Location<br />
!Deaths<br />
!Notes<br />
!Reference(s)<br />
|-<br />
|[[Red Fort]], peepal tree massacre<br />
|16 May 1857<br />
|[[Delhi]], {{flagicon image |Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}} [[Mughal Empire]]<br />
|~ 40–52 Europeans<br />
|[[Bahadur Shah Zafar]]'s palace servants and Indian soldiers executed the European civilians captured in the previous day's riots.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mutiny in [[Allahabad]]<br />
|6 June 1857<br />
| [[Allahabad]], {{flagicon image |Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_(1801).svg}} [[Company rule in India]]<br />
| ~ 50 Europeans<br />
| The [[3rd Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|6th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry]] Mutinied, killing their European officers, and looted the city.<br />
|<ref>{{Cite book|last=Meek|first=R. (Robert)|url=https://archive.org/details/martyrofallahaba00meekiala|title=The martyr of Allahabad; memorials of Ensign Arthur Marcus Hill Cheek, of the Sixth Native Bengal Infantry, murdered by the Sepoys at Allahabad|date=1857|publisher=London : J. Nisbet|others=University of California Libraries}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Siege of Cawnpore]]<br />
|5–25 June 1857<br />
|[[Kanpur]], {{flagicon image |Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_(1801).svg}} [[Company rule in India]]<br />
|~ 1,000<br />
|Europeans soldiers, merchants, engineers, their wives and children, along with the East India Company sepoys, who were either Christian or refused to join mutiny or join [[Nana Sahib]] forces <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Massacres by [[James George Smith Neill|General Neill]]<br />
| 17 June–July 1857<br />
|[[Allahabad]], [[Kanpur]] and surrounding areas, {{flagicon image |Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_(1801).svg}} [[Company rule in India]]<br />
|Thousands of Indian mutineers, suspected rebels and civilians<br />
|The massacres at Allahabad took place before the Bibighar massacre; the ones at Kanpur after it<br />
|<ref>{{cite book | author=Heather Streets | title=Martial Races: The Military, Race and Masculinity in British Imperial Culture, 1857–1914 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BscnZT_1po8C&pg=PA39 | access-date=13 August 2013 | year=2004 | publisher=Manchester University Press | isbn=978-0-7190-6962-8 | pages=39–}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Satichaura Ghat massacre]]<br />
|27 June 1857<br />
|[[Kanpur]], {{flagicon image |Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_(1801).svg}} [[Company rule in India]]<br />
|~ 200 British officers<br />
|Massacre by Nana Sahib's forces<br />
|<ref name="Tickell2013">{{cite book | author=Alex Tickell | title=Terrorism, Insurgency and Indian-English Literature, 1830–1947 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kiE9ie0hi8IC&pg=PA69 | access-date=13 August 2013 | date=17 June 2013 | publisher=Routledge | isbn=978-1-136-61841-3 | page=69 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Bibighar massacre]]<br />
|15 July 1857<br />
|[[Kanpur]], {{flagicon image |Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_(1801).svg}} [[Company rule in India]]<br />
|~ 200 British women and children<br />
|The victims were prisoners under Nana Sahib's forces. The massacre was carried out by a group of butchers, but who ordered it remains unclear.<br />
|<ref name="Gorra2008">{{cite book | author=Michael Gorra | title=After Empire: Scott, Naipaul, Rushdie | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9m6PteVNcPAC&pg=PA21 | access-date=13 August 2013 | date=15 April 2008 | publisher=University of Chicago Press | isbn=978-0-226-30476-2 | pages=21–}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Kuka (Namdhari) massacre at Malerkotla<br />
|17–18 January 1872<br />
|[[Malerkotla]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], {{flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]]<br />
|~ 65 Kuka (Namdhari) Killed<br />
|Mr. Cowan (the Deputy Commissioner of Ludhiana) and Mr. Forsyth (the Commissioner of Ambala) ordered the Namdharis to be executed with cannons, without any trial, on 17 and 18 January 1872 respectively.<br />
|<ref>''Rebels Against the British Rule (1995)''. Bhai Nahar Singh & Bhai Kirpal Singh. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors; Page XXI</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Mangarh massacre]]<br />
|17 November 1913<br />
|Mangadh (now Gujarat-Rajasthan),{{flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]]<br />
|Claimed 1,500 tribals<br />
|Machine guns and canons were fired under the command of British officers Major S. Bailey and Captain E. Stoiley. R.E. Hamilton, a local political agent had played key role. About 900 more were captured.<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mahurkar|first=Uday|date=1999-11-30|title=Descendants of Mangad massacare seek recognition for past tragedy|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/20120910-jallianwala-bagh-in-gujarat-brutal-tribal-massacre-gujarat-rajasthan-border-759622-1999-11-30|access-date=2021-05-28|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-21|title=Mangarh: A battle for tribal legacy|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/jaipur/mangarh-a-battle-for-tribal-legacy/|access-date=2021-05-28|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]]<br />
|13 April 1919<br />
|[[Amritsar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], {{flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]]<br />
|379–1,500 dead, ~1,100 Indians.<br />
|[[Reginald Edward Harry Dyer]] ordered a unit of the British Indian Army to open fire on a large meeting, taking place contrary to orders posted by Dyer and subsequent to a series of lynchings, rapes, arsons, and intimidation of local business people by anti-colonial protestors. <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Nankana massacre]]<br />
|20 February 1921<br />
|[[Nankana Sahib]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], {{flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]]<br />
|140–,260 Sikhs dead. 9 year old Darbara Singh was thrown alive on wood fire.<br />
|[[Mahant Narayan Das]] hired goons with swords, lathi and other weapons to massacre large peaceful protestors, who were protesting and wanted Gurdwara Reform Movement as Mahant did many practices like Hookah Smoking and making the place unholy with dancers. Eventually after much sacrifices Sikhs were successful in getting Gurdwara keys.<ref>{{cite web |title=1921 Nankana Massacre (or Saka Nankana)|date=21 February 2021 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-what-is-saka-nankana-sahib-why-it-matters-in-sikh-history-7196374/}}</ref><br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Malabar rebellion]]<br />
|October 1921<br />
|[[Malabar (Northern Kerala)|Malabar]], [[Kerala]], {{flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]]<br />
|2,337–10,000 Hindus and Muslims (100,000 Hindus permanently migrated).<br />
| [[Khilafat Movement]] considered as main cause.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Saka Panja Sahib massacre<br />
|October 30, 1922<br />
|Panja Sahib, (now in Pakistan), [[British Raj]]<br />
|Claimed 2 lives of Sikhs named Bhai Karam Singh, Bhai Partap Singh and injured many who wanted to stop train of British and wanted to feed hungry Sikh prisoners while Mahants also aided Britishers and were regarded as British favorites.<ref>{{cite web |title=100 years of Saka Panja Sahib: Why a railway station in Pakistan holds significance in Sikh history|date=28 October 2022 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-culture/100-years-of-saka-panja-sahib-railway-station-pakistan-significance-in-sikh-history-8233550/}}</ref><br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Pal-Chitariya massacre<br />
|7 March 1922<br />
|Pal-Chitariya, Vijaynagar (now Gujarat), {{flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]]<br />
|Claimed 1200 tribals<br />
|The Mewar Bhil Corps led by a British officer, Major H.G. Sutton, fired on a gathering of tribals.<br />
|<ref>{{Cite magazine|author=UDAY MAHURKAR |date=September 1, 1997 |title=Palchitaria: The carnage that took place in Gujarat three years after Jallianwala massacre|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/investigation/story/19970901-palchitaria-the-carnage-that-took-place-in-gujarat-three-years-after-jallianwala-massacre-830500-1997-09-01|access-date=2021-05-28|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1924 Kohat riots|Kohat riots]]<br />
|9–11 September 1924<br />
|[[Kohat]], [[North-West Frontier Province]], {{flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]]<br />
|155 Hindus and Sikhs were killed (3,200 Hindus permanently migrated).<br />
| <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| Calcutta riots<br />
| 15 July 1926<br />
|[[Calcutta]], [[Bengal]], {{flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]]<br />
| 100+ dead, 200+ injured<br />
| A Muslim mob attacked a Hindu possession, later broken up by a mounted police charge on the Muslim rioters. <br />
| <ref>{{cite web|title=The Calcutta Riots (15 July 1926)|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/60918540|website=Townsville Daily Bulletin|date=17 July 1926 |access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| United Provinces riots <br />
| 1923 to 1927<br />
|[[United Provinces (1937–50)|United Provinces]], {{flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]]<br />
| thousands dead and injured<br />
| 88 separate communal riots, including the: 4 September 1927 Nagpur riots, 3–7 May 1927 Lahore, November 1927 Lahore.<br />
| <ref>{{cite book|last1=Singh Nijjar|first1=Bakhshish|title=History of the United Panjab, Volume 1|date=1996|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-8171565344|page=153|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=luropwVYb0kC&q=lahore+riots+1927&pg=PA153|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Ganesan|first1=A|title=The Press in Tamil Nadu and the Struggle for Freedom, 1917–1937|date=1988|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-8170990826|page=109|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cL7KVAqvSEYC&q=lahore+riots+1927&pg=PA109|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The British Empire - India|url=http://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/india.htm|website=The British Empire|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1927 Nagpur riots|Nagpur riots]]<br />
|4 September 1927<br />
|[[Nagpur]], [[Bombay Presidency]], {{flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]]<br />
|22 killed, 100+ injured<br />
| <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Qissa Khwani massacre]]<br />
|23 April 1930<br />
|[[Peshawar]], {{flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]]<br />
|1 British Indian Army dispatch rider, and ~ 20– 230 protesters<br />
|After a British Indian Army despatch rider was killed and burned in the Bazaar two armoured cars were ordered to drive in and open fire on the protesters.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Amko Simko massacre]]<br />
|25 April 1939<br />
|Simko Village, [[Sundergarh district|Sundergarh]], [[Odisha]] {{flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]]<br />
|~ 49 to 300 tribal peasants dead, ~ 50 injured <br />
|Crowd of tribals resisting the arrest of freedom fighter Nirmal Munda fired upon by troops of the British Indian army.<br />
|<ref name="saritadas">{{cite thesis|last=Das|first=Sarita|title=Emergence of political leadership in Sundargarh |publisher=Sambalpur University|date=2007|chapter=CHAPTER IV - Freedom Movement in Sundargarh|chapter-url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/187203/9/09_chapter%204.pdf}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Direct Action Day#Riots and massacre|Calcutta Riots]]<br />
|15 August – 17 September 1946<br />
|[[West Bengal]], {{flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]]<br />
|7,000 to 10,000 Hindus and Muslims.<br />
|Hindus and Muslims clashed during a protest by [[All-India Muslim League]] termed as [[Direct Action Day]].<br />
|<ref name="Sengupta">{{cite book |last=Sengupta |first=Debjani |year=2006 |chapter =A City Feeding on Itself: Testimonies and Histories of 'Direct Action' Day |chapter-url=http://archive.sarai.net/files/original/2ed2f960de6596b5ed75501e6de2c774.pdf |editor-last=Narula |editor-first=Monica |title=Turbulence |series=Serai Reader |volume=6 |publisher=The Sarai Programme, Center for the Study of Developing Societies |pages=288–295 |oclc=607413832}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Noakhali riots]]<br />
|September–October 1946<br />
|[[East Bengal]], {{flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]]<br />
|5,000 Hindus<br />
|Muslim community attacked Hindu community for seizing wealth and forced conversion to Islam. Around 150,000 to 750,000 survivors were sheltered in temporary relief camps<br />
|<ref name="khan68-69">{{cite book |title=The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |year=2007 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=9780300120783 |url=https://archive.org/details/greatpartitionma00khan |url-access=registration |pages=[https://archive.org/details/greatpartitionma00khan/page/68 68]–69}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/india-1900-1947|title=India from 1900 to 1947 {{!}} Sciences Po Encyclopédie des violences de masse|date=2016-01-20|website=www.sciencespo.fr|access-date=29 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="sd278-80">{{cite book |title=1946: The Great Calcutta Killings and Noakhali Genocide |last1=Sinha |first1=Dinesh Chandra |last2=Dasgupta |first2=Ashok |year=2011 |publisher=Himangshu Maity |location=Kolkata |pages=278–280 |isbn=9788192246406}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Punnapra-Vayalar uprising]]<br />
|March – October 1946<br />
|[[Valayar]], [[Travancore]], [[Kerala]] {{flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]]<br />
|400<br />
|Travancore police attacked [[communists]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite news|last1=D|first1=Jose|title=Punnapra Vayalar violence can't be part of freedom struggle|url=http://m.rediff.com/news/nov/04kerala.htm|accessdate=4 April 2014|newspaper=Rediff On The Net|date=1997}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1946 Bihar riots|Bihar Massacre]]<br />
|30 October – 7 November 1946<br />
|[[Bihar]], {{flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]]<br />
|2,000–3,000 Muslims<br />
|By Hindus in reaction to [[Noakhali riots]]<br />
|<ref>Ian Stephens, ''Pakistan'' (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1963), p. 111.</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Garhmukteshwar#Partition violence|Garhmukteshwar Anti-Muslim Violence]]<br />
|November 1946<br />
|[[United Provinces (1937–1950)|United Provinces]], {{flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]]<br />
|at least 214 Muslims<br />
|Partition of the country into India and Pakistan was looming.<br />
|<ref name="Pandeyp94">{{cite book |title=Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India |first=Gyanendra |last=Pandey |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |isbn=9780521002509 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdLhnFet4w4C&pg=PA94 |pages=94–98}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1947 Rawalpindi massacres|Rawalpindi Massacres]]<br />
|March 1947<br />
|[[Rawalpindi]], {{flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]]<br />
|at least 200 Hindus<br />
|Partition of the country into India and Pakistan was looming.<br />
|<ref>{{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Ishtiaq |title=The Punjab Bloodied, Partitioned and Cleansed: Unravelling the 1947 Tragedy through Secret British Reports and First-Person Accounts |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kooxugAACAAJ |publisher=Rupa/OUP Pakistan |year=2011 |isbn=978-93-5520-578-0 |id={{isbn|978-0-19-906470-0}}}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Independent India==<br />
{|class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"<br />
|-<br />
!Name/Place<br />
!Date<br />
!Location<br />
!Deaths<br />
!Notes<br />
!Reference(s)<br />
|-<br />
|[[Partition of India]]<br />
|1947<br />
|[[Punjab]], [[Delhi]] and [[Sindh]], {{flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg}}, {{flagicon image |Flag_of_India.svg}} [[Dominion of India]] and {{flagicon image | Flag_of_Pakistan.svg}}[[Dominion of Pakistan]]<br />
|~ 200,000–2,000,000 people<br />
|Massacre of Sikhs and Hindus by Muslims in West Punjab and of Muslims by Sikhs and Hindus in East Punjab. The communal violence resulted in the murder of 20,000–25,000 Muslims and 45,000–60,000 Hindus. UNHCR estimates 14&nbsp;million were displaced by the violence.<br />
|<br /><ref name="D'Costa 2011 53">{{Cite book|title=Nationbuilding, Gender and War Crimes in South Asia|last=D'Costa|first=Bina|publisher=Routledge|year=2011|isbn=9780415565660|pages=53}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Muslims in India Since 1947: Islamic Perspectives on Inter-Faith Relations|last=Sikand|first=Yoginder|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=9781134378258|pages=5}}</ref><ref name="Butalia 2000">{{Cite book|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/butalia-silence.html|title=The Other Side of Silence: Voices From the Partition of India|last=Butalia|first=Urvashi|publisher=Duke University Press|year=2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Zamindar |first=Vazira Fazila-Yacoobali |date=2010 |title=The Long Partition and the Making of Modern South Asia: Refugees, Boundaries, Histories |publisher=Columbia University Press |page=247 |isbn=978-0-231-13847-5}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1947 Jammu massacres|Jammu massacres]]<br />
|September to November 1947<br />
|[[Jammu division]], {{flagicon image |Flag of Jammu and Kashmir (1936-1953).svg}} [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)]]<br />
|20,000–100,000 Muslims<ref>{{cite book |last=Snedden |first=Christopher |date=2015 |title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris |location=London |publisher=Hurst |isbn=9781849043427 |page=167}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kashmirlife.net/circa-1947-a-long-story-67652/|title=circa 1947: A Long Story|last=Khalid Bashir Ahmad|website=www.kashmirlife.net|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-03-27|date=5 November 2014}}</ref><br />
20,000+ Hindus and Sikhs<ref>{{cite book |last=Snedden |first=Christopher |date=2013 |title=Kashmir: The Unwritten History |publisher=HarperCollins India |isbn=9789350298978 |page=56}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Das Gupta |first=Jyoti Bhusan |date=2012 |title=Jammu and Kashmir |publisher=Springer |isbn=9789401192323 |page=97}}</ref><ref name="Khalid Hasan">{{cite web|url=http://www.khalidhasan.net/2007/03/16/mirpur-1947-%E2%80%93-the-untold-story/|title=Mirpur 1947 – the untold story |last=Hassan |first=Khalid |author-link=Khalid Hasan |date=16 March 2007 |website=Khalid Hasan Online |access-date=2015-08-13|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928132633/http://www.khalidhasan.net/2007/03/16/mirpur-1947-%E2%80%93-the-untold-story/|archive-date=September 28, 2011}}</ref><br />
|<br />
|<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ranjan|first=Amit|date=2017-01-02|title=Christopher Snedden. Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris; Aman M. Hingorani. Unravelling the Kashmir Knot|journal=Asian Affairs|volume=48|issue=1|pages=167–169|doi=10.1080/03068374.2017.1271605|s2cid=164760980|issn=0306-8374}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kumar|first=Satish|date=July 2012|title=Book Review: Christopher Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten HistorySneddenChristopherKashmir: The Unwritten History (Noida, India: Harper Collins Publishers, 2013), 460pp. ₹599.|journal=International Studies|volume=49|issue=3–4|pages=449–451|doi=10.1177/0020881714534539|s2cid=155812870|issn=0020-8817}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Das Gupta|first=Jyoti Bhusan|chapter=The State of Jammu and Kashmir|date=1968|pages=12–33|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=9789401184991|doi=10.1007/978-94-011-9231-6_2|title=Jammu and Kashmir}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.khalidhasan.net/2007/03/16/mirpur-1947-%E2%80%93-the-untold-story/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928132633/http://www.khalidhasan.net/2007/03/16/mirpur-1947-%E2%80%93-the-untold-story/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-09-28|title=Mirpur 1947 – the untold story |date=2011-09-28|access-date=2018-08-12}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Kharsawan massacre]]<br />
|1 January 1948<br />
|[[Kharsawan State]], {{Flagicon image|Flag_of_India.svg}} [[Dominion of India]]<br />
|100+ Adivasis<br />
|Massacre of Adivasis by Orissa Military Police in Kharsawan market ground.<br />
|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kiro |first=Santosh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TxdkDwAAQBAJ&dq=kharsawan+massacre&pg=PT119 |title=The Life and Times of Jaipal Singh Munda: The Life and Times of Jaipal Singh Munda: Remembering Jaipal Singh Munda, the Tribal Leader |date=2020-09-15 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-93-5266-943-1 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Nirdosh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcjrDwAAQBAJ&dq=kharsawan+massacre&pg=PA266 |title=THE MAKING OF ADIVASI MAHASABHA |date=2019-07-04 |publisher=Book Rivers |isbn=978-93-88727-08-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pankaj |first=Ashwini Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DIxVDwAAQBAJ&dq=kharsawan+massacre&pg=PA119 |title=ADIVASIDOM : Selected writings & speeches of Jaipal Singh Munda |date=2017-06-01 |publisher=Pyara Kerketta Foundation |isbn=978-93-81056-70-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Stuligross |first=David Patrick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N6ZNAQAAMAAJ&q=kharsawan+massacre |title=A Piece of Land to Call One's Own: Multicultural Federalism and Institutional Innovation in India |date=2001 |publisher=University of California, Berkeley |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Hyderabad Massacres]]<br />
|1948<br />
|{{flagicon image |Hyderabad_State_Flag.gif}} [[Hyderabad State]]<br />
|27,000–40,000 Hyderabadi civilians <ref name="bbc" /><br />
|Mass murder and rape of Muslims by Indian Armed forces and Hindu paramilitary groups.<br />
|<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news | last = Thomson | first = Mike | title = India's hidden massacre | work = BBC | access-date = 26 September 2013 | date = 2013-09-24 | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-24159594 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Matikhrü massacre]]<br />
| 6 September 1960<br />
| [[Matikhrü]] ''{{small|(now in [[Phek district]], Nagaland)}}''<br />
| 9 civilians<br />
| The incident took place on September 6, 1960, when forces of the [[16th Punjab Regiment]] of the [[Indian Army]] committed an act of [[mass murder]] against the village of [[Matikhrü]].<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Katiry|first=Zhiwhuotho|url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/living-eyewitness-pochury-black-day-and-massacre-of-matikhru-village/|title=Living Eyewitness – Pochury Black Day, and Massacre of Matikhrü Village|date=September 5, 2017|newspaper=[[Eastern Mirror]]|access-date=December 10, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unpo.org/article/16355|title=Nagalim: Remembrance Of Matikhrü Incident|date=September 9, 2013|website=[[Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization]]|access-date=December 10, 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1966 Hindu Sikh riots<br />
| 9 March 1966<br />
| Old Delhi|[[Delhi]]<br />
| 3 people died and around hundreds were injured,<br />
| Hindus and Sikhs battled in New Delhi's streets as a wave of violence over proposals for a Punjabi-speaking state spread. Following violence in Delhi stoning and casual violence also erupted in Ludhiana, Patiala, Jalandhar and in Panipat 3 congressmen were burnt alive including close associate of Bhagat Singh generally believed to be orchestrated by Jan Sangh who were anti of Punjabi speaking state.<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |title=SIKHS AND HINDUS RIOT IN NEW DELHI; Violence Over Punjabi State Spreads to Indian Capital| website=[[The New York Times]]| date=15 March 1966| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/03/15/archives/sikhs-and-hindus-riot-in-new-delhi-violence-over-punjabi-state.html}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[1966 anti-cow slaughter agitation]]<br />
| 7 November 1966<br />
| [[New Delhi]]<br />
| 7 killed<br />
| Hindu [[Sadhu]]s and protestors killed by government <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/archives/article16183780.ece|title=(dated November 8, 1966)|date=8 November 2016|work=The Hindu|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Kilvenmani massacre]]<br />
|25 December 1968<br />
|[[Nagapattinam]] Tamil Nadu<br />
|44 killed<br />
|Striking agricultural workers murdered by a gang, allegedly by their landlords.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[1969 Gujarat riots]]<br />
|1969<br />
|[[Gujarat]]<br />
|Officially 660 total; 430 Muslims, 24 Hindus, 58 others/unidentified casualties<br />
|Hindu-Muslim riots. 1074 injured and over 48,000 lost their property. Unofficial reports claim as high as 2000 deaths. Muslim community suffered the majority of the losses. Out of the 512 deaths reported in the police complaints, 430 were Muslims. Property worth 42 million rupees destroyed during the riots, with Muslims losing 32 million worth of property.<br />
|<ref name="JagmohanReport1971">{{cite book | author = Pingle Jagamohan Reddy | author2 = Nusserwanji K Vakil | author3 = Akbar S Sarela | name-list-style = amp | publisher = Commission of Inquiry on Communal Disturbances at Ahmedabad and at Various Places in the State of Gujarat on and after 18 September 1969, Home Department, Government of Gujarat | title=Report: Inquiry into the communal disturbances at Ahmedabad and other places in Gujarat on and after 18th September 1969 | year=1971 | page = 180 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Muslims in Indian cities : trajectories of marginalisation|date=2012|publisher=Columbia University Press|others=Gayer, Laurent., Jaffrelot, Christophe.|isbn=9780231703086|location=New York (N.Y.)|oclc=730413638}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Communalism and sexual violence in India : the politics of gender, ethnicity and conflict|author=Kumar, Megha|isbn=9781786720689|location=London|oclc=958926230|date = 2016-06-16}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Turkman gate demolition and rioting]]<br />
|1976<br />
|[[Delhi]]<br />
|Officially 6, unofficially 15 killed by police (nearly all Muslims).<br />
|Killing of Delhi residents who refused to move residence.<br />
|<ref>India Since Independence: Making Sense of Indian Politics {{ISBN|9788131725672}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Marichjhapi massacre]]<br />
|31 January 1979<br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br />
|Official figures 2, Hindustan Times quotes 50 to 1000 Hindu refugees. Actual numbers estimated to be around 3000–5000.<br />
|Killing of refugees who came from East Pakistan.<br />
|<ref name=haunt>{{cite news|last=Bhattacharya|first=Snigdhendu|title=Ghost of Marichjhapi returns to haunt|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/ghost-of-marichjhapi-returns-to-haunt/story-4v78MhnW2IZVCQMPfDObqO.html|access-date=5 August 2013|newspaper=The Hindustan Times|date=25 April 2011}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1980 Moradabad riots|Moradabad riots]]<br />
|1980<br />
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| Officially 400; unofficial estimates as high as 2500.<br />
| Started as a Muslim-Police conflict; later turned into a Hindu-Muslim riot.<br />
|<ref name="Asghar1991">{{cite book | author=Satish Saberwal, Mushirul Hasan| editor = Asgharali Engineer | chapter = 14. Moradabad Riots, 1980: Causes and Meanings | title=Communal riots in post-independence India | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yB5NM0o3I9QC&pg=PA209 | access-date=6 April 2013 | year=1991 | publisher=Universities Press | isbn=978-81-7370-102-3 | pages=209–227}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Mandai massacre]]<br />
|1980<br />
|[[Tripura]]<br />
|255–500 Bengali Hindu refugees<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |title=350 Bengalis Are Massacred in Indian Village |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19800616&id=3E4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=3736,2460642 |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=16 June 1980 |access-date=15 July 2012}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Gua massacre]] <br />
|8 September 1980<br />
|[[Bihar]]<br />
|11 Adivasis <br />
|Massacre of Adivasis by Bihar Military Police in a hospital.<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-27 |title=Gua Massacre in the History of Jharkhand Movement – Adivasi Resurgence |url=https://adivasiresurgence.com/2016/03/27/gua-massacre-in-the-history-of-jharkhand-movement/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gua massacre underscores growing militancy of tribal movement in Bihar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19801015-gua-massacre-underscores-growing-militancy-of-tribal-movement-in-bihar-821495-2014-01-06 |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=India Today |date=6 January 2014 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Alvares |first=Claude Alphonso |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jpO4AAAAIAAJ&q=gua+massacre |title=Science, Development and Violence: The Revolt Against Modernity |date=1992 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-562914-9 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Khoirabari massacre]]<br />
|7 February 1983<br />
|[[Assam]]<br />
|100-500 Bengalis<br />
|<br />
|<ref name="gupta1984">{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Shekhar |title=Assam: A Valley Divided |date=1984 |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-0-7069-2537-1 |page=121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZbaAAAAMAAJ |access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Barpujari |first1=H. K. |title=North-East India: Problems, Policies, and Prospects : Since Independence |date=1998 |publisher=Spectrum Publication |isbn=978-81-85319-81-0 |page=63 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6FluAAAAMAAJ |access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Nellie massacre]]<br />
|18 February 1983<br />
|[[Assam]]<br />
|2,191 Bengalis, majorly Muslim<br />
|In Assam<br />
|<ref>* Chadha, Vivek, ''Low Intensity Conflicts in India.'' Sage Publications, 2005.</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Train Passenger massacre I (part of the [[List of terrorist incidents in Punjab, India|terrorist incidents in Punjab]])<br />
|23 February 1984<br />
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
|11 Hindus<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Operation Blue Star]]<br />
|1–10 June 1984<br />
|[[Amritsar]], [[Punjab]]<br />
|5,000 - 10,000 Sikh civilians died in Operation Blue star who came on martyrdom day of fifth Sikh Guru Guru Arjan Ji<br />
| The operation was conducted to expel Sikh rebels or militants who the state claimed to be fortifying the gurdwara with arms with external support from Pakistan and ISI. Many Sikhs consider this an attack on Sikh faith which, led to the assassination of Mrs Indira Gandhi, followed by one of the most brutal Sikh genocides in history.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[1984 anti-Sikh riots]]<br />
|31 October – 4 November 1984<br />
|Primarily [[Delhi]] but also other parts of [[India]]<br />
|8,000 - 17,000 Sikhs all over India<br />
|Series of riots after [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi]].<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Hondh-Chillar massacre]] (part of the [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]])<br />
|2 November 1984<br />
|[[Hondh-Chillar]], [[Haryana]]<br />
|32 Sikhs<br />
|Rioting by Indian National Congress Party members after Assassination of Indira Gandhi.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Daresi Ground massacre (part of the [[List of terrorist incidents in Punjab, India|terrorist incidents in Punjab]])<br />
|28 March 1986<br />
|[[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
|13 Hindus<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mallian massacre (part of the [[List of terrorist incidents in Punjab, India|terrorist incidents in Punjab]])<br />
|29 March 1986<br />
|[[Jalandhar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
|20 Hindu labourers<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Bus Passenger massacre III (part of the [[List of terrorist incidents in Punjab, India|terrorist incidents in Punjab]])<br />
|25 July 1986<br />
|[[Mukatsar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
|15 Hindus<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Bus Passenger massacre IV (part of the [[List of terrorist incidents in Punjab, India|terrorist incidents in Punjab]])<br />
|30 November 1986<br />
|Khudda, [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
|24 Hindus<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Hashimpura massacre]]<br />
|22 May 1987<br />
|[[Meerut]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
|42 Muslims<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Bus Passenger massacre V (part of the [[List of terrorist incidents in Punjab, India|terrorist incidents in Punjab]])<br />
|July 1987<br />
|[[Fatehbad]], [[Haryana]]<br />
|80 Hindus<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Jagdev Kalan massacre (part of the [[List of terrorist incidents in Punjab, India|terrorist incidents in Punjab]])<br />
|6 August 1987<br />
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
|13 Hindus<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rajbah massacre (part of the [[List of terrorist incidents in Punjab, India|terrorist incidents in Punjab]])<br />
|31 March 1988<br />
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
|18 Hindus belonging to 1 family<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Train Passenger massacre II (part of the [[1991 Punjab killings]])<br />
|15 June 1988<br />
|[[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
|80 (mostly Hindus)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1988 Karnataka Bidar riots<br />
| 14–16 September 1988<br />
| [[Bidar, Karnataka|Bidar]]<br />
| 6 Sikh students killed, 30 injured <br />
| Religious procession during Ganesh Chaturthi event and over demanding donations from Sikhs<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka: Sikhs students killed by mobs of local residents in Bidar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19881015-karnataka-sikhs-students-killed-by-mobs-of-local-residents-in-bidar-797799-1988-10-14 |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=India Today |date=15 October 1988 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Train Passenger massacre III (part of the [[1991 Punjab killings]])<br />
|December 1988<br />
|[[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
|49 (mostly Hindus)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1989 Jammu anti-Sikh riots <br />
| 13 January 1989<br />
| [[Jammu]]<br />
| 15 Sikhs killed, hundreds injured and property worth crores destroyed<br />
| Some Sikh pilgrims displaying Satwant Singh and Beant Singh posters during Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti<br />
| <ref name="sciencespo1986" /><ref>{{cite web |title= Forgotten and Buried: The Anti-Sikh Jammu Riots of 1989 |date=12 February 2019 |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/anti-sikh-jammu-riots-of-1989-revisited}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1989 Bhagalpur violence|Bhagalpur riots]]<br />
|October 1989<br />
|[[Bhagalpur]], [[Bihar]]<br />
|The total dead numbered around 1000, around 900 were Muslims; it was difficult to establish the religious identity of other victims.<br />
|Two false rumors about the killing of Hindu students started circulating: one rumor stated that nearly 200 Hindu university students had been killed by the Muslims, while another rumor stated that 31 Hindu boys had been murdered with their bodies dumped in a well at the Sanskrit College.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Gawkadal massacre]]<br />
|20 January 1990<br />
|[[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
|50 Kashmiri Protestors<br />
|Indian forces opened fire on Kashmiri protesters demonstrating against nocturnal raids, harassment, and alleged molestation of women in [[Srinagar|Srinagar's]] Chotta Bazaar locality.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Life |first=Kashmir |date=2013-01-21 |title=Gawkadal A Massacre, A Case |url=https://kashmirlife.net/gawkadal-a-massacre-a-case-17813/ |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=Kashmir Life |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Schofield |first=Victoria |title=Kashmir in conflict: India, Pakistan and the unending war |date=2003 |publisher= |isbn=978-1-86064-898-4 |edition= |location=London |pages=148}}</ref><br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ayodhya firing incident|Ayodhya police firing on Karsevaks]]<br />
|30 October 1990 and 2 November 1990<br />
|[[Ayodhya]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
|16 Hindus (official figure)<br />
|Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] ordered the police to open fire on [[Kar Sevak|kar sevaks]] who reached Ayodhya. The dead bodies were allegedly thrown in Saryu river.<br />
|<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/1990-decision-to-order-firing-on-kar-sevaks-painful-Mulayam-Singh-Yadav-says/articleshow/21092809.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719061454/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-16/india/40611404_1_up-bjp-kar-sevaks-ayodhya | url-status=live | archive-date=19 July 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=1990 decision to order firing on 'kar sevaks' painful, Mulayam Singh Yadav says | date=16 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/firing-on-kar-sevaks-was-sad-but-needed-mulayam-singh-yadav-2999819/|title=Firing on kar sevaks was sad but needed: Mulayam Singh Yadav|work=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/explainers/2015/12/08/ayodhya-deqoded-part-6-the-making-of-mullah-mulayam|title=Ayodhya DeQoded|website=the quint|date=8 December 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1991 anti-Tamil violence in Karnataka]]<br />
|12–13 December 1991<br />
|Mainly [[Bangalore]], [[Mysore]] but also other parts of southern [[Karnataka]]<br />
|18 Tamils<br />
|violent attacks originated in the demonstrations organised against the orders of the Cauvery Water Tribunal<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Bombay riots]]<br />
|December 1992 – January 1993<br />
|[[Mumbai]]<br />
|575 Muslims, 275 Hindus, 45 unknown and 5 others<br />
|Hindu-Muslim communal riot as an effect of [[Demolition of the Babri Masjid]] in [[Ayodhya]].<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sopore massacre]]<br />
|6 January 1993<br />
|[[Sopore]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
|55 Kashmiri students <br />
|Security forces fired on procession.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[1993 Kishtwar massacre]]<br />
|14 August 1993<br />
|Sarthal, [[Kishtwar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
|17 Hindu bus passengers<br />
|Militants segregated bus passengers into Hindus and Muslims and fired upon the Hindu group<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Swami |first=Praveen |author-link=Praveen Swami |title=Pakistani militants bringing communal war back to J&K. Hindu killings in Rajouri are proof |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/security-code/pakistani-militants-bringing-communal-war-back-to-jk-hindu-killings-in-rajouri-are-proof/1297089/ |work=[[The Print]] |date=4 January 2023 |access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Bose |first=Sumantra |author-link=Sumantra Bose |title=Kashmir at the Crossroads: Inside a 21st-Century Conflict |year=2021 |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-26271-1 |page=126}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Bijbehara massacre]]<br />
|22 October 1993<br />
|[[Bijbehara]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
|55 Kashmiri protestors<br />
|Indian armed forces fired upon unarmed Kashmiri protestors resulting in 55 civilian deaths.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| [[1994 Mokokchung Massacre]]<br />
| 27 December 1994<br />
| [[Mokokchung]], [[Nagaland]]<br />
| 12 civilians<br />
| The incident took place when forces of the 10 [[Assam Rifles]] and the 12 [[Maratha Light Infantry]] of the [[Indian Army]] raided upon civilian populace of [[Nagaland]]'s [[Mokokchung]].<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://morungexpress.com/1994-isnt-just-number|title=1994 isn't just a number|date=September 22, 2011|website=[[The Morung Express]]|access-date=December 10, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Das|first=Asit|url=https://www.countercurrents.org/das191111.htm|title=Armed Forces(Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) And Irom Sharmila's Struggle For Justice|date=November 19, 2011|website=[[Counter Currents]]|access-date=December 10, 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1995 Kohima massacre]]<br />
|5 March 1995<br />
|[[Kohima]], [[Nagaland]]<br />
|7 civilians<br />
|The incident was sparked off by a tyre burst from an army convoy's own vehicle leading the armed troops to fire at civilian populace after mistaking the sound of the tyre bursting for a bomb attack.<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Naleo|first=Villo|url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/remembering-truthfully-and-forgiving-generously/|title=Nagaland:Remembering Truthfully and Forgiving Generously|date=August 23, 2016|website=[[Eastern Mirror]]|access-date=5 December 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1997 Ramabai killings]]<br />
|11 July 1997<br />
|Ramabai colony, [[Mumbai]]<br />
|10 people of the [[Dalit]] caste<br />
|A team of [[State Reserve Police Force]] members fired upon a crowd protesting the recent desecration of a statue of Dalit activist [[B. R. Ambedkar]].<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Laxmanpur Bathe massacre]]<br />
|1 December 1997<br />
|[[Arwal district]], [[Bihar]]<br />
|58 people of the [[Dalit]] caste<br />
|Upper caste [[Ranvir Sena]] enter village at night and kill 58 [[Dalits]], were sympathizers of the Maoists behind the killing of 37 upper caste men in Bara in Gaya district in 1992.<br />
|<ref>{{cite news|author=Arun Kumar |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-04-08/india/28125248_1_ranvir-sena-arwal-district-upper-caste |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811055629/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-04-08/india/28125248_1_ranvir-sena-arwal-district-upper-caste |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 August 2011 |title=16 to hang for killing 58 in Bihar village |date=8 April 2010 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=10 October 2013}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[1998 Wandhama massacre]]<br />
|25 January 1998<br />
|Wandhama, [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
|23 Kashmiri Pandit<br />
|Unknown militants<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[1998 Prankote massacre]]<br />
|17 April 1998<br />
|Prankote, [[Udhampur district|Udhampur]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
|26 Hindus<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[1998 Chapnari massacre]]<br />
|19 June 1998<br />
|Chapnari, [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
|25 Hindus<br />
|Allegedly perpetrated by Pakistani-backed insurgents.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[1998 Chamba massacre]]<br />
|3 August 1998<br />
|[[Chamba district]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
|35 Hindus<br />
|Attack by Islamic militant group<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Manjolai labourers massacre]]<br />
|23 July 1999<br />
|[[Tirunelveli]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|17 Dalits<br />
|Forceful dispersion of protestors by police<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Chittisinghpura massacre]]<br />
|20 March 2000<br />
|[[Chittisinghpura]], [[Anantnag district]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
|36 Sikhs<br />
|Attack by pro-indian militia[[Ikhwan (Kashmir)|'''Ikhwan force''']]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-06-14 |title=India: A trail of unlawful killings in Jammu and Kashmir: Chithisinghpora and its aftermath |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa20/024/2000/en/ |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref><br />
The Indian government blame [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Gouranga Tilla massacre<br />
|2000<br />
|[[Tripura]]<br />
|16 non-tribal Hindus<br />
|<br />
|<ref name="telegraphindia.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1000522/the_east.htm#head6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130000320/http://telegraphindia.com/1000522/the_east.htm#head6|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 January 2009|publisher=telegraphindia.com|title= 19 Killed in Tripura Massacre Rerun |access-date=3 March 2017}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Bagber massacre]]<br />
|20 May 2000<br />
|[[Tripura]]<br />
|25 non-tribal Hindus<br />
|<br />
|<ref name="telegraphindia.com"/><br />
|-<br />
|[[Nanoor massacre]]<br />
|27 July 2000<br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br />
|11 labourers<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[2000 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre]]<br />
|1 August 2000<br />
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
|30 (Hindu pilgrims)<br />
|Attack by Muslim militants <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Bhojpur village massacre<br />
|15 October 2000<br />
|Bhojpur village, [[Bihar]]<br />
|5 members of a lower caste (including a former village chief) were killed and another three were wounded in an attack.<br />
|8 of the gunmen of the Akhilesh Singh Gang were arrested following the attack<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=200010170012|title=GTD ID:200010170012|work=Global Terrorism Database|accessdate=2023-09-24}}</ref><br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/oct/04bihar.htm|title=Five killed in caste violence in Bihar|work=Rediff.com|accessdate=2023-09-24}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2001 Aluva massacre]]<br />
|6 January 2001<br />
|[[Aluva]], [[Kerala]]<br />
|6 members of a family<br />
| <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[2001 Kishtwar massacre]]<br />
|3 August 2001<br />
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
|19 Hindus<br />
|Attack by Muslim militants <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Godhra train burning|Godhra massacre]]<br />
|27 February 2002<br />
|Godhra, Gujarat<br />
|59 Hindus<br />
| Hindu passengers (mostly women and children) burnt alive and pelted with rocks. Different commissions were set up; one was by the Government of Gujarat to investigate the train burning spent 6 years going over the details of the case, and concluded that the fire was arson committed by a mob of 1000–2000 people. But some reports say the cause of the Godhra train fire is still uncertain. The court convicted 31 Muslims and another 63 were acquitted due to lack of evidence.<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4536199.stm |title=South Asia &#124; Gujarat riot death toll revealed |publisher=BBC News |date=2005-05-11 |access-date=2 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="Times Of India">{{cite news|title=Godhra verdict: 31 convicted in Sabarmati Express burning case|date=February 22, 2011|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Godhra-verdict-31-convicted-in-Sabarmati-Express-burning-case/articleshow/7543495.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104092429/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-22/india/28624491_1_maulvi-umarji-godhra-train-maulana-umarji|url-status=live|archive-date=4 January 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=11 September 2012}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/godhra-verdict-31-convicted-63-acquitted-86991 Godhra verdict: 31 convicted, 63 acquitted] NDTV&nbsp;– 1 March 2011</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2002 Gujarat riots]]<br />
|28 February 2002<br />
|[[Ahmedabad]]<br />
|As per government reports, 790 Muslims and 254 Hindus killed, 223 reported missing, 2,500 injured. Unofficial estimates by groups like [[Human Rights Watch]] put the death toll to over 2,000.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|title=Communal Riots in Gujarat: The State at Risk?|journal=Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics|date=July 2003|page=16|url=http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/4127/1/hpsacp17.pdf|access-date=5 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w5SlnZilfMMC&q=2000+deaths+gujarat+riots&pg=PA28|title=The Ethics of Terrorism: Innovative Approaches from an International Perspective|publisher=Charles C Thomas Publisher|year=2009|page=28|isbn=9780398079956}}</ref><br />
|Communal violence<br />
|<ref name="Official death toll"><br />
{{cite news|title=Gujarat riot death toll revealed|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4536199.stm|publisher=BBC|date=11 May 2005}}<br />
</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Gulbarg Society massacre]] (part of the [[2002 Gujarat riots]])<br />
|28 February 2002<br />
|[[Ahmedabad]]<br />
|69 (mostly Muslims)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Naroda Patiya massacre]] (part of the [[2002 Gujarat riots]])<br />
|28 February 2002<br />
|[[Naroda]], [[Ahmedabad]]<br />
|97 Muslims<br />
|<br />
|<ref name=hindu12>{{cite news |title=Ex-BJP Minister among 32 convicted of Naroda-Patiya massacre |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/other-states/article3835078.ece?homepage=true |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 August 2012 |access-date=30 August 2012}}</ref><ref name=cnn12>{{cite news |title=Naroda Patiya massacre: BJP MLA Maya Kodnani, Bajrang Dal leader Babu Bajrangi and 30 others convicted |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/naroda-patiya-massacre-bjp-mla-maya-kodnani-bajrang-dal-leader-babu-bajrangi-and-30-others-convicted/286609-37-64.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831162851/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/naroda-patiya-massacre-bjp-mla-maya-kodnani-bajrang-dal-leader-babu-bajrangi-and-30-others-convicted/286609-37-64.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 August 2012 |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |date=29 August 2012 }}</ref><ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Godhra-verdict-31-convicted-in-Sabarmati-Express-burning-case/articleshow/7543495.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104092429/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-22/india/28624491_1_maulvi-umarji-godhra-train-maulana-umarji |url-status=live |archive-date=4 January 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Godhra verdict: 31 convicted in Sabarmati Express burning case |date=22 February 2011 |access-date=2 February 2014}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|March 2002 Raghunath attack (part of [[2002 Raghunath temple attacks]])<br />
|30 March 2002<br />
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu & Kashmir]]<br />
|11 Hindus killed, 20 injured (Hindu devotees)<br />
|Muslim militant<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[2002 Qasim Nagar massacre]]<br />
|13 July 2002<br />
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
|29 Hindus<br />
|Terrorist attack<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Akshardham Temple attack]]<br />
|24 September 2002<br />
|[[Gujarat]]<br />
|29 killed, 79 injured (Hindus)<br />
| Terrorist attack<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|November 2002 Raghunath temple attack (part of [[2002 Raghunath temple attacks]])<br />
|24 November 2002<br />
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu & Kashmir]]<br />
|14 killed, 45 injured (mostly Hindu devotees)<br />
|Blamed on [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://voanews.com/english/archive/2002-11/a-2002-11-25-2-Security.cfm|title=Security Increased in Jammu City Following Attack on Hindu Temple|last=Pasricha|first=Anjana|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915223900/http://voanews.com/english/archive/2002-11/a-2002-11-25-2-Security.cfm|archive-date=15 September 2008|url-status=dead|access-date=2016-01-11}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2003 Nadimarg massacre]]<br />
|23 March 2002<br />
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
|24 Hindus<br />
|Terrorist attack<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[2002 Kaluchak massacre]]<br />
|14 May 2002<br />
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
|31<br />
| Terrorist attack on a tourist bus and Army's family quarter.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Marad massacre]]<br />
|May 2003<br />
|[[Kerala]]<br />
|8 killed, 58 injured - A.<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Kamalnagar massacre]]<br />
|14 August 2003<br />
|[[Tripura]]<br />
|14 killed<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |title=5 ministers heckled at carnage site |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/5-ministers-heckled-at-carnage-site/cid/808471 |work=The Telegraph |date=18 August 2003}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2005 Delhi bombings]]<br />
|29 October 2005<br />
|[[Delhi]]<br />
|62 killed, 210<br />
|Terrorist attack on two markets two days before [[Diwali]].<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[2006 Varanasi bombings]]<br />
|March 2006<br />
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
|28 killed, 101 injured - Devotees of [[Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple]] targeted<br />
|Terrorist attack on a Hindu temple.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[2006 Doda massacre]]<br />
|30 April 2006<br />
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu & Kashmir]]<br />
|35 Hindus<br />
| Terrorist attack<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[2007 Samjhauta Express bombings]]<br />
|18 February 2007<br />
|Diwana station<br />
|68 people mostly Pakistani nationals and some Indians including some Railway employees<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/direct-hand-of-aseemanand-in-samjhauta-blasts-nia/article1-644360.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215052748/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/direct-hand-of-aseemanand-in-samjhauta-blasts-nia/article1-644360.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 December 2013|title=Direct hand of Aseemanand in Samjhauta blasts: NIA|work=hindustantimes.com/}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|MV Kuber massacre<br />
|23 November 2008<br />
|[[Jakhau]]<br />
|5 (4 missing)<br />
|Hijacking of a fishing trawler and the murder of the captain and crew.<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2015-11-26 |title=Declare 26/11 attacks fishermen as dead, families demand |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/declare-2611-attacks-fishermen-dead-2162357 |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2008 Mumbai attacks]]<br />
|26 November 2008<br />
|[[Mumbai]]<br />
|Over 164 killed, over 600 injured<br />
|11 coordinated attacks by proven Pakistani terrorists; casualties include people of various nationalities, and Israeli victims were reportedly tortured before being killed.<br />
|<ref name="Casualties">{{Cite press release|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=45446|publisher=Press Information Bureau ([[Government of India]]) |date= 11 December 2008|title=HM announces measures to enhance security|access-date=14 December 2008}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[April 2010 Maoist attack in Dantewada]]<br />
|6 April 2010<br />
|[[Chhattisgarh]]<br />
|76<br />
|Maoist militant ambushed CRPF<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[2010 Dantewada bus bombing]]<br />
|17 May 2010<br />
|[[Chhattisgarh]]<br />
|44<br />
|Maoist militant attacked a civilian bus.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[2012 Assam violence]]<br />
|July 2012<br />
|[[Assam]]<br />
|77<br />
|Racial sentiments of the majority Assamese and Bodo community towards the local Bengali speaking Bangladeshi Muslim community leads to several attempts to deport the minority Bengali Muslums to Bangladesh forcefully, thus with a protest in defence from the other party, Communal violence broke out between Assamese, Bodos (Tribal, Christian, and Hindu faith) and Bengali speaking Bangladeshi Muslims.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[2013 Naxal attack in Darbha valley]]<br />
|25 May 2013<br />
|Darbha Valley, Sukma district, [[Chhattisgarh]]<br />
|28<br />
|28 people from a Congress Party motorcade<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[2013 Muzaffarnagar riots]]<br />
|25 August 2013 – 17 September 2013<br />
|[[Muzaffarnagar district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
|42 Muslims and 20 Hindus killed and 93 injured<br />
|[[Eve teasing]] of Hindu Girls, murder of a Muslim boy, then public lynching of the murderers (two Hindu boys) triggered communal riot between the Hindu and the Muslim community.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[2017 Amarnath Yatra attack]]<br />
|10 July 2017<br />
|[[Anantnag district]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
|8 Hindu pilgrims<br />
|A bus carrying Hindu pilgrims of [[Amarnath Temple#Yatra (pilgrimage) details and routes|Amarnath Yatra]] was attacked by [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]], resulting in deaths of 8 pilgrims.<br />
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/amarnath-terror-attack-pilgrim-dies-in-hospital-number-of-deaths-now-8-1725345|title=Amarnath Terror Attack: Pilgrim Dies In Hospital, Number Of Deaths Now 8|work=NDTV}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2017 Northern India riots]]<br />
|25-26 August 2017 <br />
|[[Punjab|Panjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Chandigarh district]], [[Northern India]]<br />
|41+ killed and 300+ injured<br />
|546 Arrested, Nearly 1000 Detained, Caused by Rape conviction of [[Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh]], Charged Honeypreet Insan, Rioting and arson<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[2020 Delhi riots]]<br />
|23 February 2020 – 1 March 2020<br />
|[[North East Delhi]]<br />
|53 killed and 200+ injured, both Hindus and Muslims<br />
|2,200 arrested (including detained). Caused by clashes between pro-CAA mobs and anti-CAA mobs.<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[2021 Nagaland killings]]<br />
|4 December 2021<br />
|Oting, [[Mon district]], [[Nagaland]]<br />
|13 killed<br />
|Ethnic clashes<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/05/nagaland-killings-india-security-forces-shot-civilians-mistaken-for-militants|title=Nagaland killings: rioting as Indian security forces shoot dozen civilianst|date=5 December 2021|website=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=5 December 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2023 Manipur violence]]<br />
|3 May 2023<br />
|[[Manipur]]<br />
|181+ killed and 310+ injured<br />
|Caused by ethnic tensions between Meitei and Kuki-Zomi <br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/video/news/the-news/manipur-violence-3-months-on-manipur-crisis-far-from-over-715428|title=3 Months On, Manipur Crisis Far From Over|publisher=[[ND Studios|ND TV]]|date=3 August 2023|access-date=3 July 2023}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[2023 Haryana riots]]<br />
|31 July 2023<br />
|[[Nuh district]], [[Haryana]]<br />
|6 killed - 5 Hindus (two police officers, three pilgrims), 1 Muslim and 200+ injured<br />
|116 arrested. Organized Muslim mob attacked Hindu religious procession.<br />
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/india-violence-clashes-haryana-muslims-hindus-a4e5d0bd9427c85bdb311d64fdf98f08|title=India's northern Haryana state tense after 5 killed in communal clashes between Hindus and Muslims|website=[[Associated Press News]] |date=2 August 2023|access-date=3 August 2023}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Religious violence in India]]<br />
**[[Violence against Muslims in India]]<br />
**[[Madhe Sahaba Agitation]]<br />
**[[Violence against Christians in India]]<br />
**[[Persecution of Hindus]]<br />
*[[Caste-related violence in India]]<br />
*[[List of wars involving India]]<br />
**[[List of battles of Rajasthan]]<br />
*[[List of riots in India]]<br />
**[[1925 Indian riots]]<br />
**[[List of riots in Mumbai]]<br />
*[[Terrorism in India]]<br />
**[[List of terrorist incidents in India]]<br />
**[[List of massacres in Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{massacres}}<br />
{{Riots in India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lists of massacres by country|India]]<br />
[[Category:India history-related lists|Massacres]]<br />
[[Category:Massacres in India|*]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of disasters in India|massacres]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nej_(village)&diff=521601Nej (village)2026-02-06T16:52:30Z<p>Ranehospital: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Nej<br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname =, ಬಂಗಾರ ಗುಡ್ಡ<br />
| settlement_type = village<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|16.42|N|74.58|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Belgaum]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s<br />
| parts = Chikodi<br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 6514<br />
| population_as_of = 2001<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --><br />
| postal_code = <br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}{{For|other meanings of "nej"|NEJ (disambiguation){{!}}NEJ}}<br />
'''Nej ''' is a village in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], India.<ref name="censusindia">Village code= 5700 {{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx|title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2008-12-18}}</ref><ref name="yahoomaps">{{cite web|url=http://in.maps.yahoo.com|title=Yahoomaps India : Nej, Belgaum, Karnataka|access-date=2008-12-18}}</ref> It is located in the [[Chikodi]] [[taluk]] of [[Belgaum district]] in Karnataka. Nej covers an area of about {{cvt|30|km2}}.<br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
At the 2011 India [[census]], Nej had a population of 8500 with 4250 males and 4250 females.<br />
And there is Temple of Kadasiddeshwar and Bireshwar also kalikadevi mandir, chandravvatayi famous temple which most of the tourists and people visit here and the festival is held in the month of January last week or February first week, Nej village has more temples in its region, and also two Jain basadi's were here, Nej people do not make castism, in Nej famous yatra mahotsav of lakshmi devi is held only once in five years. In Nej most of the youth are defence aspirants and civil service, SSC, police aspirants. In Nej most of the people work in agriculture, in Nej literature ratio is equal consider to male and female, in Nej women are more educated than men, Nej is one of the finest village in chikkodi taluka, in Nej many industrial sites are there which produces useful things for the society and many industries gave opportunities to the youth of the village where thousands of youth work in industries and decreased the unemployment rate in Nej, in Nej only one high school is there [MLN GOVT HIGH SCHOOL NEJ] where the brilliant minded students are found, the high school environment is best because of the nature and more trees, Nej is one of the improving village in the chikkodi taluka and fast growing in industrialisation.<ref name="censusindia" /><br />
<br />
<br />
==Nearby villages==<br />
Vadagol, Nagaral, Nanadi, Galataga, Shamanewadi, Bedakihal.Sadalga,Shiragaonvadi,Shiragaon.<br />
<br />
==Hobali of Nej==<br />
Sadalaga<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Belgaum]]<br />
* [[Districts of Karnataka]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* http://Belgaum.nic.in/<br />
<br />
{{Settlements in Belgaum district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Belagavi district]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Chikodi-geo-stub}}</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chitra_Mandal&diff=494338Chitra Mandal2026-02-06T06:21:21Z<p>Ranehospital: creating new post!</p>
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<div>{{short description|Indian Scientist}}<br />
{{BLP sources|date=March 2017}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox scientist<br />
| name = Chitra Mandal<br />
| birth_date = 1951<br />
| workplaces = CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Research<br />
| alma_mater = University of Pennsylvania<br />
IISC Bangalore<br />
| awards = JC Bose National Fellowship<br />
}}<br />
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'''Chitra Mandal''' is a chemical biologist in the field of [[biomolecule]]s and their applications in health and diseases. Later she worked on cancer therapeutics. She served as the acting Director of CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical biology in [[Kolkata|Kolkata, India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ex-Directors of CSIR-IICB |url=https://www.iicb.res.in/about-us/alumni/Directors |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=www.iicb.res.in}}</ref> during 2014–2015.<br />
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== Education and career ==<br />
Mandal completed her PhD early on in her career from [[Indian Institute of Science|Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore]], in the area of [[Bioorganic chemistry|bio-organic chemistry]].{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} She went on to do post doctoral research at [[University of Pennsylvania]] in Philadelphia. Returning to India, she joined and serve CSIR-IICB as a senior scientist. Later she went on to head the Innovation Complex in Kolkata, and then its Director from 2010 to 2015. Her research area is mainly the [[glycosylation]] of biomolecules and their potential application in [[disease management (health)|disease management]], cancer and tumor [[immunology]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://iicb.res.in/divisionwiselistofscientists/cbid/cnmandal.html|title=Welcome to CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology|website=iicb.res.in|access-date=2017-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605193105/http://iicb.res.in/divisionwiselistofscientists/cbid/cnmandal.html|archive-date=5 June 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The lab is also investigating low cost healthcare solutions using medicinal plants indigenous to India, for example, the identification of a non-toxic herbal molecule in cancer cell treatments.<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170605193105/http://iicb.res.in/divisionwiselistofscientists/cbid/cnmandal.html Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division]<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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* https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/csir-indian-institute-of-chemical-biology-scientist-has-28-papers-with-manipulated-duplicated-images/article27697386.ece<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mandal, Chitra}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali chemists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women biochemists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Institute of Science alumni]]<br />
[[Category:1951 births]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deciduous&diff=445892Deciduous2026-02-04T02:44:10Z<p>Ranehospital: page updated</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Plants that shed leaves seasonally}}{{Globalize|date=November 2025|2=Northern Hemisphere|reason=}}{{Other uses|Deciduous (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}<br />
{{multiple image<br />
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| header = Deciduous forest<br />
| image1 = Flickr - Nicholas T - Open Woods.jpg<br />
| image2 = Flickr - Nicholas T - Lofty.jpg<br />
| image3 = Autumnal deciduous forest - Laubwand im Herbst.jpg<br />
| image4 = Langaa egeskov rimfrost.jpg<br />
| footer = Four deciduous forests shown in spring, summer, autumn and winter.<br />
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In the fields of [[horticulture]] and [[botany]], the term '''deciduous''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ɪ|ˈ|s|ɪ|dʒ|u|.|ə|s}})<ref>{{cite Dictionary.com|deciduous}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/deciduous |title=deciduous (adjective) |encyclopedia=[[Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary]] |via=OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com}}</ref> means "falling off at maturity"<ref>{{cite book |title=The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia |first=William Dwight |last=Whitney |page=1484}}</ref> and "tending to fall off",<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pqgtn89ad-wC&pg=PT9 |title=Ecosystems |first=Debra J. |last=Housel |publisher=[[Capstone Publishers]] |isbn=9780756540685 |year=2009}}</ref> in reference to [[tree]]s and [[shrub]]s that seasonally shed [[Leaf|leaves]], usually in the [[autumn]]; to the shedding of [[petal]]s, after flowering; and to the shedding of ripe [[fruit]]. The [[antonym]] of deciduous in the botanical sense is [[evergreen]].<br />
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Generally, the term "deciduous" means "the dropping of a part that is no longer needed or useful" and the "falling away after its purpose is finished". In plants, it is the result of natural processes. "Deciduous" has a similar meaning when referring to animal parts, such as deciduous [[antler]]s in [[deer]],<ref>{{cite book |last= Gause |first= John Taylor |year=1955 |title= The Complete Word Hunter |series=A Crowell reference book |location= New York |publisher= Crowell |page= 465}}</ref> [[deciduous teeth]] (baby teeth) in some mammals (including humans); or [[decidua]], the uterine lining that sheds off after birth.<br />
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== Botany ==<!-- This section is linked from [[Autumn leaf color]]. See [[WP:MOS#Section management]] --><br />
In [[botany]] and [[horticulture]], '''deciduous [[plant]]s''', including [[tree]]s, [[shrub]]s and [[herbaceous]] perennials, are those that lose all of their [[Leaf|leaves]] for part of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/ecotree/leaves/decidu.htm |title= Trees that lose their leaves |author= University of the Western Cape |author-link= University of the Western Cape |publisher= botany.uwc.ac.za |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130325032527/http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/ecotree/leaves/decidu.htm |archive-date= 25 March 2013 }}</ref> This process is called [[abscission]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://warnell.forestry.uga.edu/service/library/for99-025/for99-025.pdf |title=Falling Tree Leaves: Leaf Abscission |author= Dr. Kim D. Coder |author2=University of Georgia |author2-link=University of Georgia |publisher= forestry.uga.edu |year= 1999 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130518095724/http://warnell.forestry.uga.edu/service/library/for99-025/for99-025.pdf |archive-date= 18 May 2013 }}</ref> In some cases leaf loss coincides with winter—namely in [[temperate]] or [[polar climate]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/d/deciduous.htm |title= Reference article : "Deciduous" in Bharatpedia |author= Science Daily |author-link= Science Daily |publisher= sciencedaily.com |access-date= 2020-03-23 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150425050857/http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/d/deciduous.htm |archive-date= 25 April 2015 |url-status= dead }}</ref> In other parts of the world, including tropical, subtropical, and arid regions, plants lose their leaves during the [[dry season]] or other seasons, depending on variations in [[rain]]fall.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trees |url=https://quarkphysics.ca/ICS3U1/unit0_CSS/LearningForward_CSS/CSS%20Student%20Examples/Blane/webpage3.html |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=quarkphysics.ca}}</ref><br />
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The converse of deciduous is [[evergreen]], where foliage is shed on a different schedule from deciduous plants, therefore appearing to remain green year round because not all the leaves are shed at the same time.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://pubs.cas.psu.edu/freepubs/pdfs/sc229.pdf |title= Evergreen Shrubs and Trees for Pennsylvania |author= J. Robert Nuss |author2= Pennsylvania State University |author2-link= Pennsylvania State University |publisher= psu.edu |year= 2007 |access-date= 2020-03-23 |archive-date= 6 September 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060906083235/http://pubs.cas.psu.edu/freepubs/pdfs/sc229.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref> Plants that are intermediate may be called [[semi-deciduous]]; they lose old foliage as new growth begins.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ibiblio.org/openkey/intkey/web/glossary.pdf |title= Glossary of Botanical Terms |publisher= The Illinois - North Carolina Collaborative Environment for Botanical Resources: Openkey Project |page= 22 |access-date= 2020-03-23 }}</ref> Other plants are semi-evergreen and lose their leaves before the next growing season, retaining some during winter or dry periods.<ref>{{Cite book |first1= William |last1= Weber |author2= Lee J. T. White |author3= Amy Vedder |author4= Lisa Naughton-Treves |title= African rain forest ecology and conservation an interdisciplinary perspective |place= New Haven |publisher= Yale University Press |date= 2001 |page= 15 }}.</ref><br />
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[[File:Forsythia turin.JPG|thumb|right|alt=Flowering branch of forsythia amid bare trees|Like a number of other deciduous plants, ''[[Forsythia]]'' flowers during the leafless season.]]<br />
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Many deciduous plants [[flower]] during the period when they are leafless, as this increases the effectiveness of [[pollination]]. The absence of [[leaf|leaves]] improves wind transmission of pollen for wind-pollinated plants and increases the visibility of the flowers to [[insect]]s in insect-pollinated plants. This strategy is not without risks, as the flowers can be damaged by frost or, in dry season regions, result in water stress on the plant.{{cn|date=June 2023}}<br />
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[[Spring (season)|Spring]] {{Not a typo|leafout}} and [[fall]] leaf drop are triggered by a combination of daylight and air temperatures. The exact conditions required will vary with the species, but generally more cold-tolerant genera such as ''Salix'' will leaf-out earlier and lose their leaves later, while genera such as ''Fraxinus'' and ''Juglans'' can only grow in warm, frost-free conditions so they need at least 13 hours of daylight and air temperatures of around 70&nbsp;°F (21&nbsp;°C) to leaf out. They will be among the earliest trees to lose their leaves in the fall. In sub-Arctic climates such as [[Alaska]], leaves begin turning colors as early as August. However, for most temperate regions it takes place in late September through early November and in subtropical climates such as the southern United States, it may be November into December.{{cn|date=June 2023}}<br />
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Leaf drop or [[abscission]] involves complex physiological signals and changes within plants. When {{Not a typo|leafout}} is completed (marked by the transition from bright green spring leaves to dark green summer ones) the chlorophyll level in the leaves remains stable until cool temperatures arrive in autumn. When [[autumn]] arrives and the days are shorter or when plants are drought-stressed,<ref name="Pessarakli2005">{{cite book |author= Mohammad Pessarakli |title= Handbook of photosynthesis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0_3XqlcKPpwC&pg=PA725 |access-date= 9 October 2010 |year= 2005 |publisher= CRC Press |isbn= 978-0-8247-5839-4 |page=725 }}</ref> the chlorophyll steadily breaks down, allowing other pigments present in the leaf to become apparent and resulting in non-green colored foliage. The brightest leaf colors are produced when days grow short and nights are cool, but remain above freezing.<ref name="Linzey2008">{{cite book |author= Donald W. Linzey |title= A natural history guide to Great Smoky Mountains National Park |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=UcGn0f7LiJsC&pg=PA27 |access-date= 9 October 2010 |date= 1 April 2008 |publisher= Univ. of Tennessee Press |isbn= 978-1-57233-612-4 |page=27 }}</ref> These other pigments include [[carotenoid]]s that are yellow, brown, and orange. [[Anthocyanin]] pigments produce red and purple colors, though they are not always present in the leaves. Rather, they are produced in the foliage in late summer, when sugars are trapped in the leaves after the process of abscission begins. Parts of the world that have showy displays of bright autumn colors are limited to locations where days become short and nights are cool. The New England region of the United States and southeastern Canada tend to produce particularly good autumn colors for this reason, with Europe producing generally poorer colors due to the humid maritime climate and lower overall species diversity {{citation needed|date=January 2023}}. It is also a factor that the continental United States and southern Canada are at a lower latitude than northern Europe, so the sun during the fall months is higher and stronger. This combination of strong sun and cool temperatures leads to more intense fall colors. The Southern United States also has poor fall colors due to warm temperatures during the fall months and the Western United States as it has more evergreen and fewer deciduous plants, combined with the West Coast and its maritime climate. (''See also'': [[Autumn leaf color]]) Most of the Southern Hemisphere lacks deciduous plants due to its milder winters and smaller landmass, most of which is nearer the equator with only southern South America, the South island of [[New Zealand]], and southern Australia, particularly [[Tasmania]] and [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]], producing distinct fall colors.<br />
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The beginnings of leaf drop starts when an abscission layer is formed between the leaf [[petiole (botany)|petiole]] and the stem. This layer is formed in the spring during active new growth of the leaf; it consists of layers of cells that can separate from each other. The cells are sensitive to a [[plant hormone]] called [[auxin]] that is produced by the leaf and other parts of the plant. When auxin coming from the leaf is produced at a rate consistent with that from the body of the plant, the cells of the abscission layer remain connected; in autumn, or when under stress, the auxin flow from the leaf decreases or stops, triggering cellular elongation within the abscission layer. The elongation of these cells breaks the connection between the different cell layers, allowing the leaf to break away from the plant. It also forms a layer that seals the break, so the plant does not lose sap.{{cn|date=June 2023}}<br />
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Some trees, particularly oaks and beeches, exhibit a behavior known as "[[marcescence]]" whereby dead leaves are not shed in the fall and remain on the tree until being blown off by the weather. This is caused by incomplete development of the abscission layer. It is mainly seen in the seedling and sapling stage, although mature trees may have marcescence of leaves on the lower branches.<br />
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A number of deciduous plants remove nitrogen and carbon from the [[foliage]] before they are shed and store them in the form of proteins in the vacuoles of [[Parenchyma (botany)|parenchyma]] cells in the roots and the inner bark. In the spring, these proteins are used as a nitrogen source during the growth of new leaves or flowers.<ref>{{cite book |last=Srivastava |first=Lalit M. |year=2002 |title=Plant growth and development. Hormones and environment |location=Amsterdam |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=0-12-660570-X |page=476}}</ref><br />
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=== Function ===<br />
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[[File:Autumn Leaf 08Nov17.jpg|thumb|alt=Fallen leaves covering a patch of ground|Deciduous plants in mid- to high [[latitude]]s shed their leaves as temperatures drop in [[autumn]].<ref>{{cite book |last1= Bonan |first1= Gordon |title= Ecological Climatology: Concepts and Applications |date= 2015 |publisher= Cambridge University Press |isbn= 9781316425190 |page= 294 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kq8kDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA294 |language= en }}</ref>]]<br />
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Plants with deciduous foliage have advantages and disadvantages compared to plants with evergreen foliage.<br><br />
Since deciduous plants lose their leaves to conserve water or to better survive winter weather conditions, they must regrow new foliage during the next suitable growing season; this uses resources which evergreens do not need to expend.<br><br />
Evergreens suffer greater water loss during the winter and they also can experience greater [[predation pressure]], especially when small. Deciduous trees experience much less branch and trunk breakage from glaze ice storms when leafless, and plants can reduce water loss due to the reduction in availability of liquid water during cold winter days.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Lemon |first= P. C. |year= 1961 |title= Forest ecology of ice storms |journal= Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club |volume= 88 |issue= 1 |pages= 21–29 |doi= 10.2307/2482410 |jstor= 2482410 }}</ref><br />
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Losing leaves in winter may reduce damage from insects; repairing leaves and keeping them functional may be more costly than just losing and regrowing them.<ref name=Labandeira1994>{{cite journal<br />
|last1= Labandeira |first1= C. C.<br />
|last2= Dilcher |first2= D. L.<br />
|last3= Davis |first3= D. R.<br />
|last4= Wagner |first4= D. L.<br />
|year= 1994<br />
|title= Ninety-seven million years of angiosperm-insect association: paleobiological insights into the meaning of coevolution<br />
|journal= Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America<br />
|volume= 91<br />
|issue= 25<br />
|pages= 12278–12282<br />
|doi= 10.1073/pnas.91.25.12278<br />
|pmid= 11607501<br />
|pmc= 45420<br />
|bibcode= 1994PNAS...9112278L<br />
|doi-access= free<br />
}}</ref> Removing leaves also reduces [[Cavitation#Vascular plants|cavitation]] which can damage [[xylem]] vessels in plants.<ref>{{Citation |last=Mayr |first=Stefan |title=Freezing Stress in Tree Xylem |date=2016 |work=Progress in Botany 77 |pages=381–414 |editor-last=Lüttge |editor-first=Ulrich |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-25688-7_13 |access-date=2024-10-31 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-25688-7_13 |isbn=978-3-319-25688-7 |last2=Améglio |first2=Thierry |editor2-last=Cánovas |editor2-first=Francisco M. |editor3-last=Matyssek |editor3-first=Rainer|url-access=subscription }}</ref> This then allows deciduous plants to have xylem vessels with larger diameters and therefore a greater rate of [[transpiration]] (and hence CO<sub>2</sub> uptake as this occurs when [[stomata]] are open) during the summer growth period.<br />
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==== Deciduous woody plants ====<br />
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The deciduous characteristic has developed repeatedly among woody plants. Trees include [[maple]], many [[oak]]s and [[nothofagus]], [[elm]], [[beech]], [[aspen]], and [[birch]], among others, as well as a number of [[conifer]]ous [[genus|genera]], such as [[larch]] and ''[[Metasequoia]]''. Deciduous shrubs include [[honeysuckle]], [[viburnum]], and many others. Most temperate woody vines are also deciduous, including [[Vitis|grape]]s, [[poison ivy]], [[Virginia creeper]], [[wisteria]], etc. The characteristic is useful in plant identification; for instance in parts of [[Southern California]] and the [[American Southeast]], deciduous and [[evergreen oak]] species may grow side by side.{{cn|date=November 2023}}<br />
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Periods of leaf fall often coincide with seasons: winter in the case of cool-climate plants or the dry-season in the case of tropical plants,<ref>{{cite book |last= Cundall |first= Peter |year= 2005 |title= Flora: The Gardener's Bible: Over 20,000 Plants |location= Ultimo, NSW, Australia |publisher= ABC Publishing |isbn= 0-7333-1094-X }}</ref> however there are no deciduous species among tree-like [[monocotyledonous]] plants, e.g. [[Arecaceae|palms]], [[yucca]]s, and [[Dracaena (plant)|dracaenas]]. The [[hydrangea hirta]] is a deciduous woody shrub found in [[Japan]].{{cn|date=November 2023}}<br />
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=== Regions ===<br />
[[File:Sydney in Autumn.jpg|thumb|[[Deciduous trees]] were introduced to the [[temperate]] regions of [[Australia]] where they are used as [[ornamental plants]], as seen here at a [[urban forestry|suburban street]] in [[Sydney]].]]<br />
Forests where a majority of the trees lose their foliage at the end of the typical growing season are called deciduous forests. These forests are found in many areas worldwide and have distinctive ecosystems, understory growth, and [[soil]] dynamics.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last= Röhrig |editor1-first= Ernst |editor2-last= Ulrich |editor2-first= Bernhard |year= 1991 |title= Temperate deciduous forests |series= Ecosystems of the world, 7 |location= Amsterdam |publisher= Elsevier |isbn= 0-444-88599-4 }}</ref><br />
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Two distinctive types of deciduous forests are found growing around the world.<br />
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[[Temperate deciduous forest]] biomes are plant communities distributed in North and South America, Asia, Southern slopes of the Himalayas, Europe and for cultivation purposes in Oceania. They have formed under climatic conditions which have great seasonable temperature variability. Growth occurs during warm summers, leaf drop in autumn, and dormancy during cold winters. These seasonally distinctive communities have diverse life forms that are impacted greatly by the seasonality of their climate, mainly temperature and precipitation rates. These varying and regionally different ecological conditions produce distinctive forest plant communities in different regions.{{cn|date=June 2023}}<br />
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[[Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests|Tropical and subtropical deciduous forest]] biomes have developed in response not to seasonal temperature variations but to seasonal rainfall patterns. During prolonged dry periods the foliage is dropped to conserve water and prevent death from drought. Leaf drop is not seasonally dependent as it is in temperate climates. It can occur any time of year and varies by region of the world.{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}} Even within a small local area there can be variations in the timing and duration of leaf drop; different sides of the same mountain and areas that have high water tables or areas along streams and rivers can produce a patchwork of leafy and leafless trees.<ref>{{cite journal |first= Stephen H. |last= Bullock |author2= J. Arturo Solis-Magallanes |title= Phenology of Canopy Trees of a Tropical Deciduous Forest in Mexico |journal= Biotropica |date= March 1990 |pages= 22–35 |doi= 10.2307/2388716 |volume= 22 |issue= 1 |jstor= 2388716 |bibcode= 1990Biotr..22...22B }}</ref><br />
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<gallery widths="200" heights="160"><br />
File:Chacachacare dry forest 3.JPG|alt=Aerial view of tropical deciduous trees|Dry-season deciduous [[tropical forest]]<br />
File:Spring Forest Leaves in Texas Hill Country.jpg|alt=View of treetops with light spring growth scattered amid darker evergreens|Mixed tropical and subtropical deciduous forest in [[Spring, Texas]], United States<br />
File:Dry Teak Forest Theppakadu Mudumalai Mar21 A7C 00488.jpg|Tropical [[dry deciduous forest]]s in southern India in the [[Mudumalai Tiger Reserve]]<br />
</gallery><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
* {{wiktionary-inline|deciduous}}<br />
* {{Commons category-inline|Deciduous forests}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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[[Category:Botany]]<br />
[[Category:Periodic phenomena]]<br />
[[Category:Autumn]]<br />
[[Category:Winter]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deewani_Mastani&diff=466356Deewani Mastani2026-01-30T11:40:01Z<p>Ranehospital: enhanced layout as per guidelines and corrected details per standard format</p>
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<div>{{EngvarB|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{short description|2015 Hindi song}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox song<br />
| name = Deewani Mastani<br />
| cover = Deewani_Mastani_Single.jpg<br />
| alt =<br />
| caption = Deewani Mastani cover featuring [[Deepika Padukone]]<br />
| type =<br />
| artist = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]<br>(Backing vocals by Ganesh Chandanshive/Divya Kumar(Dubbed Version), Mujtaba Aziz Naza, Altamash Faridi, Farhan Sabri)<br />
| album = [[Bajirao Mastani (soundtrack)]]<br />
| language = [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br />
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|10|21}}<br />
| format =<br />
| recorded = Wow & Flutter Studio, [[Mumbai]]<br />
| studio =<br />
| venue =<br />
| genre = [[Filmi]], [[Music of Maharashtra|Maharashtra Folk]], [[Qawwali]]<br />
| length = {{Duration|m=5|s=40}}<br />
| label = [[Eros International|Eros Now]]<br />
| lyricist = Siddharth-Garima<br>(Marathi Lyrics by Ganesh Chandanshive)<br>(Qawwali Lyrics by Nasir Faraaz)<br />
| composer = [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]<br />
| producer = {{flatlist|<br />
* [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]<br />
}}<br />
| tracks =<br />
# "'''Deewani Mastani'''"<br />
# "Aayat"<br />
# "Malhari"<br />
# "[[Mohe Rang Do Laal]]"<br />
# "[[Albela Sajan Aayo Re|Albela Sajan]]"<br />
# "Ab Tohe Jane Na Doongi"<br />
# "Pinga"<br />
# "Aaj Ibaadat"<br />
# "Fitoori"<br />
# "Gajanana"<br />
| misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|zRtPUIumXcY|"Deewani Mastani"}}|type=song}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
"'''Deewani Mastani'''" is a song from the 2015 Hindi film ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]''. The song is composed by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] and sung by [[Shreya Ghoshal]], while backing vocals were given by Ganesh Chandanshive, Mujtaba Aziz Naza, Altamash Faridi and Farhan Sabri.<ref name="Deewani Mastani">{{cite web|title="Deewani Mastani" song details|url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/deewani-mastani/id1073716223?i=1073716228|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921043440/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/deewani-mastani/id1073716223?i=1073716228|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 September 2016|publisher=iTunes|access-date=17 October 2015}}</ref> The lyrics were majorly penned by Siddharth-Garima. Ganesh Chandanshive penned the Marathi lyrics while the Qawwali lyrics were written by Nasir Faraaz.<ref name="Lyrics credits">{{cite web|title=Deewani Mastani Lyricist.|url=http://erosnow.com/#!/music/watch/1038704/bajirao-mastani/6582610/deewani-mastani|publisher=[[Eros International]]|access-date=17 October 2015}}</ref> The song features [[Deepika Padukone]], [[Ranveer Singh]] and [[Priyanka Chopra]] in the video.<ref name="Deewani Mastani Video">{{cite web|title=Bajirao Mastani: Deepika Padukone's dance in 'Deewani Mastani' will have a devastingly beautiful effect on you.|date=17 October 2015 |url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/bajirao-mastani-song-deewani-mastani-deepika-padukone-and-ranveer-singhs-chemistry-priyanka-chopras-aristocratic-presence-will-have-a-devastingly-beautiful-effect-on-you-watch-video/|publisher=Bollywood Life|access-date=18 October 2015}}</ref> The movie was dubbed in Tamil and Telugu and hence the song was also released as "Thindaadi Poagiraen" in Tamil<ref name="Deewani Mastani: Tamil Version">{{cite web|title=Deewani Mastani: Tamil Version|url=http://www.saavn.com/s/song/tamil/Bajirao-Mastani/Thindaadi-Poagiraen/ElAlSB53c18|publisher=[[Saavn]]|access-date=15 December 2015}}</ref> and "Mastani" in Telugu<ref name="Deewani Mastani: Telugu Version">{{cite web|title=Deewani Mastani: Telugu Version|url=http://www.saavn.com/s/song/telugu/Bajirao-Mastani/Mastani/STldXRdhVmo|publisher=[[Saavn]]|access-date=15 December 2015}}</ref> on 25 November 2015. Shreya Ghoshal rendered her voice to all the three versions of the song. The song was reprised in [[MTV Unplugged (India)#Season 6|''MTV Unplugged'' Season 6]] and was also rendered by [[Shreya Ghoshal|Ghoshal]].<br />
<br />
==Development==<br />
''Deewani Mastani'' is recorded, mixed and mastered by [[Tanay Gajjar]] at Wow & Flutter Studio in [[Mumbai]].<ref name="Deewani Mastani Development 1">{{cite web|title=Deewani Mastani music arrangement|url=http://myswar.com/album/bajirao-mastani-2015|publisher=MySwar|access-date=1 July 2016|archive-date=28 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128021918/http://myswar.com/album/bajirao-mastani-2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The song is arranged and programmed by Shail-Pritesh.<ref name="Deewani Mastani Development 2">{{cite web|title=Deewani Mastani music arrangement|url=http://myswar.com/song_details/bajirao-mastani-2015-deewani-mastani-2|publisher=MySwar|access-date=1 July 2016|archive-date=9 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109150311/http://myswar.com/song_details/bajirao-mastani-2015-deewani-mastani-2|url-status=dead}}</ref> The song was choreographed by [[Remo D'Souza]], who made the dance a combination of Classical and Contemporary.<ref name="Deewani Mastani Choreography.">{{cite web|title=Remo D'Souza ensured that "Deewani Mastani" was a mixture of Classical and Contemporary|url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/interesting-facts-you-must-know-about-bajirao-mastani-song-deewani/article_0bdcdd1c-7d9b-11e5-a4a5-afc6212b26b1.html|publisher=IndiaWest.com|access-date=1 July 2016|archive-date=5 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505030123/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/interesting-facts-you-must-know-about-bajirao-mastani-song-deewani/article_0bdcdd1c-7d9b-11e5-a4a5-afc6212b26b1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Remo D'souza|Remo]] complimented Deepika Padukone for her dance skills by saying that her movements and expressions are perfect.<ref name="Deewani Mastani: Picturiation">{{cite web|title=Remo D'Souza praises Deepika for her perfection in Dance|website=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Remo-D-Souza-The-expressions-and-movements-of-Hrithik-Roshan-and-Deepika-Padukone-are-perfect/articleshow/52806085.cms|access-date=18 June 2016}}</ref> The shooting of the song took ten days at a very expensive set created at [[Film City, Mumbai|Film City]], Mumbai, in which over 20,000 intricately designed mirrors were used.<ref name="Song Shoot took ten days">{{cite web|title=It took ten days to shoot the song in the beautiful 'Aina Mahal' set created at the Film City, Mumbai|url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/interesting-facts-you-must-know-about-bajirao-mastani-song-deewani/article_0bdcdd1c-7d9b-11e5-a4a5-afc6212b26b1.html|publisher=IndiaWest.com|access-date=1 July 2016|archive-date=5 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505030123/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/interesting-facts-you-must-know-about-bajirao-mastani-song-deewani/article_0bdcdd1c-7d9b-11e5-a4a5-afc6212b26b1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] took inspiration from [[K. Asif]]'s [[Mughal-e-Azam]] for this song in trying to create the Aina Mahal. It is his contemporary version of the classic song "[[Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya]]". The premise between the two songs is also similar. While in that "Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya" courtesan [[Anarkali]] dances for Prince [[Jahangir|Salim]], in this one princess [[Mastani]] dances and declares her love for [[Bajirao I|Bajirao]].<ref name="Song Shoot 2">{{cite web|title=Bajirao Mastani: Deepika Padukone reveals how Mughal-e-Azam was responsible for Deewani Mastani|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/bajirao-mastani-deepika-padukone-reveals-how-mughal-e-azam-was-responsible-for-deewani-mastani-268663-2015-10-18|publisher=IndiaToday.in|date=18 October 2015|access-date=1 July 2016}}</ref> After the release of the song, the set of the song was being considered to be turned into a museum.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sets-of-Deewani-Mastani-being-turned-into-a-museum/articleshow/49630752.cms|title=Sets of 'Deewani Mastani' being turned into a museum|access-date=3 November 2015|work=The Times of India|date=3 November 2015 }}</ref> Originally, The song was offered to [[Monali Thakur]] but eventually went to Shreya Ghoshal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2016/May/03/monali-thakur-regrets-losing-deewani-mastani-track-to-shreya-ghoshal-932212.html |title=Monali Thakur Regrets Losing 'Deewani Mastani' Track to Shreya Ghoshal |date=3 May 2016 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Release==<br />
The song was released in a grand event held in Delhi on 21 October 2015. The launch was followed by Day 1 of Blenders Pride Fashion Week where Deepika Padukone turned show stopper for the designer Anju Modi, who also designed costumes for the Sanjay Leela Bhansali film.<ref name="Song Release">{{cite web|title=''Deewani Mastani'' launched in a grand event in Delhi, followed by a fashion show where Deepika Padukone turned show stopper for Anju Modi|url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/deepika-padukones-royal-walk-for-anju-negis-collection-at-bpfw/2/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=18 October 2015 |access-date=18 October 2015}}</ref> The song was also uploaded on [[Eros Now]] YouTube channel on 22 October 2015.<br />
<br />
==Video==<br />
The music video features [[Deepika Padukone]] as [[Mastani]] dancing in a grand hall surrounded by 20,000 mirrors. She is accompanied by a group of back-up dancers. For the song, she wears a heavy golden [[anarkali]] [[lehenga]], and sings directly to [[Ranveer Singh]] (as [[Bajirao]]), expressing her love for him while he watches her happily. Sitting above in a balcony, [[Priyanka Chopra]] as [[Kashibai]] looks down upon the action. Though at first mesmerized, she comes to a dismayed realization by the end of the song that Bajirao and Mastani are in love.<ref name="Deewani Mastani Picturiation">{{cite web|title=Bajirao Mastani: Deepika Padukone's Anarkali avatar in 'Deewani Mastani' is gorgeous|date=20 October 2015 |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/watch-deepika-padukone-mesmerises-as-a-modern-day-anarkali-in-deewani-mastani-2473650.html|publisher=FirstPost.com|access-date=20 October 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
The teaser video was released on 22 October 2015 and the full video on 2 May 2016. The music video was highly praised for Padukone's performance<ref name="Ranveer praises Deepika">{{cite web|title=Bajirao Mastani: I couldn't take my eyes off Deepika in Deewani Mastani, says Ranveer Singh|date=24 October 2015 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/bajirao-mastani-i-couldnt-take-my-eyes-off-deepika-in-the-song-deewani-mastani-says-ranveer-singh-269616-2015-10-24|publisher=IndiaToday.in|access-date=24 October 2015}}</ref> and the "sweet voice" rendered by Shreya Ghoshal.<ref name="Shreya Ghoshal's Voice">{{cite web|title=Shreya Ghoshal can never go wrong when it comes to singing a tune beautifully, and so when she croons "Deewani Mastani"|date=25 November 2015 |url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/bajirao-mastani-music-review-the-album-for-this-ranveer-singh-deepika-padukone-priyanka-chopras-historical-romance-has-the-right-touch-of-class-and-elegance/|publisher=BollywoodLife.com|access-date=25 November 2015}}</ref> [[Remo D'Souza]] won the [[National Film Award for Best Choreography]]. Both the versions of video received 50+ million views leading to a total of 100+ million views on [[YouTube]].<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
The song was inspired by "[[Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya]]" from [[Mughal-e-Azam]] and thus was observed as its modern version, while Deepika was compared to [[Madhubala]].<ref name="Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya">{{cite web|title=Deepika Padukone, modern-day Madhubala?|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/deepika-padukone-modern-day-madhubala/20151001.htm|work=Rediff.com|access-date=1 October 2015}}</ref> The song, turned extremely popular and topped various countdown charts. By October 2016, the official music video crossed over 46 Million views and the official film version crossed over 15 Million views on YouTube.<ref name="44M views">{{cite web|title="Deewani Mastani" crosses 44 Million views| date=18 October 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRtPUIumXcY|publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=18 October 2015}}</ref> Due to popularity and high demand, the singer of the song, Shreya Ghoshal, performed this number in many of her concerts, in and outside India.<ref name="Shreya Concerts">{{cite web|title=BizAsia 2016 Concert Review: Shreya Ghoshal at London|url=http://www.media247.co.uk/showbiz/bizasia-concert-review-shreya-ghoshal-2016-london-2016|publisher=Media247|access-date=8 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510062041/http://www.media247.co.uk/showbiz/bizasia-concert-review-shreya-ghoshal-2016-london-2016|archive-date=10 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The music composition by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] was also highly applauded. [[Amitabh Bachchan]] praised Bhansali and wrote on his blog, "The music tracks of 'Bajirao Mastani'... quite something... the purity of music and its tributaries seem to be getting revived.".<ref name="Big B praises SLB">{{cite web|title=Amitabh Bachchan praises Sanjay Leela Bhansali's 'Bajirao Mastani' music|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/amitabh-bachchan-praises-sanjay-leela-bhansalis-bajirao-mastani-music/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=17 December 2015 |access-date=17 December 2015}}</ref> Reviewing for ''[[Firstpost]]'', critic Subhash K. Jha praised Ghoshal's singing by saying, "The soundtrack of Bajirao Mastani has no [[Lata Mangeshkar]]. But it has lots of Shreya Ghoshal, Lata Ji's most melodious disciple. This girl can bend the most evocative lyrics into seductive shapes and leave us wondering if she is trying to tell us something beyond the words.".<ref name="Review 1">{{cite web|title= Music Review: Bajirao Mastani: Firstpost|date=27 November 2015 |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/bajirao-mastani-music-review-the-soundtrack-melodiously-connects-the-past-with-present-2523510.html|publisher=[[Firstpost]]|access-date=27 November 2015}}</ref> Critic R.M. Vijaykar, reviewing for ''[[India-West]]'', praised the composition and "electrifying" vocals of Ghoshal by saying, "The heroine of the score is Shreya Ghoshal, Bhansali's own magic find." and described Bhansali's work as creditable.<ref name="Review 2">{{cite web|title=Music Review: Bajirao Mastani: India-West|url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/bajirao-mastani-music-review-an-unforgettable-stunner-of-a-score/article_3a2df1e4-9545-11e5-bbaa-8bf6483b6a55.html|publisher=India-West|access-date=27 November 2015|archive-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728172843/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/bajirao-mastani-music-review-an-unforgettable-stunner-of-a-score/article_3a2df1e4-9545-11e5-bbaa-8bf6483b6a55.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Critic Surabhi Redkar, reviewing for ''Koimoi'' praised the touch given by Maharashtrian and Qawwali lyrics saying, "The song is not just a treat to watch, but to hear it too!".<ref name="Review 3">{{cite web|title= Music Review: Bajirao Mastani: Koimoi|url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-movies/music-reviews/bajirao-mastani-music-review/|publisher=Koimoi|access-date=7 December 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Chart performance==<br />
The song debuted on [[Radio Mirchi|Mirchi Music Top 20]] countdown on 7 November 2015 at 6th position. The song rose up to the 1st position in the next few weeks. The song stayed in the chart for 21 weeks, out of which it was in Top 5 for more than 12 consecutive weeks. Due to this, the song was marked a Platinum Jubilee Song and it stayed in the Top 20 chart till 1 April 2016.<ref name="Mirchi Music Top 20"/><br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width=100%<br />
|-<br />
! width=10%| Year<br />
! width=35%| Chart<br />
! width=25%| Peak Position<br />
! width=25%| Time Span on Chart<br />
! width=5%| Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2015-2016<br />
!scope="row"| [[Radio Mirchi|Mirchi Music Top 20 Countdown]]<br />
| 1<br />
| 21 weeks<br />
|<ref name="Mirchi Music Top 20">{{cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/more/platinum-jubilee/|title="Deewani Mastani marked as Platinum Jubilee Song by the Mirchi Music Top 20 countdown"}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Accolades ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"<br />
|-<br />
! width=5%|Year<br />
! width=22%|Award<br />
! width=24%|Nominee<br />
! width=33%|Category<br />
! width=15%|Result<br />
|-<br />
| [[61st Filmfare Awards|2016]]<br />
! scope="row"| [[Filmfare Awards]]<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[Shreya Ghoshal]]<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]<br />
| {{won}}<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/61st-britannia-filmfare-awards-2016-arijit-singh-and-shreya-ghoshal-win-the-best-singer-award-865748/| title=Shreya bags her 6th Filmfare Award for her mesmerising ''"Deewani Mastani"'' song| work=India.com | date=15 January 2016 | agency=India.com | access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"| 2016<br />
! scope="row" rowspan="2"| [[Global Indian Music Academy Awards]]<br />
| [[GiMA Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]<br />
| rowspan="2" {{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gima.co.in/film-award.php|title=GIMA: Film Music Winners 2016|publisher=Global Indian Music Academy Awards|access-date=12 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412084441/http://www.gima.co.in/film-award.php|archive-date=12 April 2016}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Shail–Pritesh<br />
| [[GiMA Award for Best Music Arranger and Programmer|Best Music Arranger and Programmer]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"| [[17th IIFA Awards|2016]]<br />
! scope="row" rowspan="2"| [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]<br />
| [[Shreya Ghoshal]]<br />
| [[IIFA Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]<br />
| {{nom}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations 2016 - IIFA|url=http://www.iifa.com/nominations-2016/|publisher=[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]|access-date=27 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527170146/http://www.iifa.com/nominations-2016/|archive-date=27 May 2016}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Tanay Gajjar]]<br />
| [[IIFA Award for Best Sound Recording|Best Sound Recording]]<br />
| {{won}}<ref>{{cite web|title=IIFA 2016: Winners List|url=http://www.news18.com/news/movies/iifa-awards-2016-the-complete-list-of-winners-1262131.html|publisher=[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]|access-date=25 June 2016}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6"| [[8th Mirchi Music Awards|2015]]<br />
! scope="row" rowspan="6"| [[Mirchi Music Awards]]<br />
| [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], Siddharth–Garima<br />
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Song of The Year|Song of the Year]]<br />
|rowspan="4" {{nom}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Mirchi Music Awards 2015 Nominations|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2015/Nomination/|publisher=[[Mirchi Music Awards]]|access-date=22 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330062839/http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2015/Nomination/|archive-date=30 March 2016}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Shreya Ghoshal<br />
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Female Vocalist of The Year|Female Vocalist of the Year]]<br />
|-<br />
| Sanjay Leela Bhansali<br />
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Music Composer of The Year|Music Composer of the Year]]<br />
|-<br />
| Siddharth–Garima, Nasir Faraaz, Ganesh Chandanshive<br />
|[[Mirchi Music Award for Lyricist of The Year|Lyricist of the Year]]<br />
|-<br />
| Shail–Pritesh<br />
| Best Song Producer (Programming & Arranging)<br />
| rowspan="2" {{won}}<ref>{{cite web|title=8th Mirchi Music Awards: Complete list of winners|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/8th-Mirchi-Music-Awards-Complete-list-of-winners/articleshow/51196008.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=1 March 2016|access-date=22 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419213201/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/8th-Mirchi-Music-Awards-Complete-list-of-winners/articleshow/51196008.cms|archive-date=19 April 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Tanay Gajjar]]<br />
| Best Song Engineer (Recording & Mixing)<br />
|-<br />
| [[63rd National Film Awards|2016]]<br />
! scope="row"| [[National Film Awards]]<br />
| [[Remo D'Souza]]<br />
| [[National Film Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]<br />
| {{won}}<ref>{{cite news|title= Winners of 63rd National Film Awards 2015|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/Winners_of_63rd_NFA_2015.pdf|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|access-date=28 March 2016}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"| 2016<br />
! scope="row" rowspan="3"| [[Times of India Film Awards]]<br />
| [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]<br />
| Best Music Composer<br />
| {{won}}<ref>{{cite news|title=TOIFA 2016: 'Bajirao Mastani' Bags 6 Awards, Celebs Have a Rocking Night|url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/toifa-bajirao-mastani-bags-awards-celebs-have-a-rocking-night/article_eb9c4f64-efba-11e5-a9e0-53e3fd5c3197.html|work=India-West|date=21 March 2016|access-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522181810/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/toifa-bajirao-mastani-bags-awards-celebs-have-a-rocking-night/article_eb9c4f64-efba-11e5-a9e0-53e3fd5c3197.html|archive-date=22 May 2016}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Shreya Ghoshal]]<br />
| Best Female Playback Singer<br />
|rowspan="2" {{nom}}<ref>{{cite news|title=TOIFA Awards 2016: Parineeti Chopra-Riteish Deshmukh to host event, SRK, Varun Dhawan to perform; list of nominees|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/toifa-awards-2016-parineeti-chopra-riteish-deshmukh-host-event-srk-varun-dhawan-perform-list-670113|author=Mehta, Ankita|work=International Business Times|date=10 March 2016|access-date=11 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311130132/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/toifa-awards-2016-parineeti-chopra-riteish-deshmukh-host-event-srk-varun-dhawan-perform-list-670113|archive-date=11 March 2016}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Sanjay Leela Bhansali, Siddharth–Garima<br />
| Song of the Year<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 2016<br />
! scope="row" rowspan="2"| [[Zee Cine Awards]]<br />
| Shreya Ghoshal<br />
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Playback Singer – Female|Best Female Playback Singer]]<br />
|rowspan="2" {{nom}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Zee Cine Awards 2016: Shreya Ghoshal and Remo D'Souza bag nominations for "Deewani Mastani"|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-zee-cine-awards-2016-here-are-the-nominations-for-the-jury-awards-2178867|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=18 February 2016|access-date=22 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522181239/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-zee-cine-awards-2016-here-are-the-nominations-for-the-jury-awards-2178867|archive-date=22 May 2016}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"| Remo D'Souza<br />
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
! scope="row"| [[Producers Guild Film Awards|Guild Film Awards]]<br />
|Best Choreography<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Bajirao Mastani|Bajirao Mastani (2015)]]<br />
*[[Bajirao Mastani (soundtrack)]]<br />
*[[Mohe Rang Do Laal]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Shreya Ghoshal}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Songs in Hindi]]<br />
[[Category:Songs written for Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Shreya Ghoshal songs]]<br />
[[Category:2015 songs]]<br />
[[Category:Songs with music by Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helly_Shah&diff=502523Helly Shah2026-01-29T18:53:30Z<p>Ranehospital: started entry...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian actress (born 1996)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Helly Shah<br />
| image = Helly Shah snapped at the pink carpet and awards ceremony of Bollywood Hungama OTT India Fest 2024 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Shah in 2024<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1996|1|7}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Ahmedabad, Gujarat]], India<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|model}}<br />
| known for = ''[[Swaragini - Jodein Rishton Ke Sur|Swaragini]]'' <br/>''[[Devanshi (TV series)|Devanshi]]''<br/> ''[[Sufiyana Pyaar Mera]]'' <br/>''[[Ishq Mein Marjawan 2]]''<br/> ''[[Ishq Mein Marjawan 2: Naya Safar]]''<br />
| years_active = 2010–present<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Helly Shah''' ({{IPA|hns|ˈɦɛli ʃaːɦ|pron}}; born 7 January 1996) is an Indian actress and model who primarily works in [[Television in India|Hindi]] television. She made her acting debut in 2010 with ''Zindagi Ka Har Rang...Gulaal'' portraying Talli. She is best known for her portrayal of Swara Bose Maheshwari in ''[[Swaragini - Jodein Rishton Ke Sur|Swaragini]]'' and Devanshi Bakshi in ''[[Devanshi (TV series)|Devanshi]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/helly-shah-i-loved-the-jhumkas-and-bags-in-janpath/articleshow/68874374.cms |title=Helly Shah on Delhi: I loved the jhumkas and bags in Janpath |work=The Times of India |date=15 April 2019 |access-date=18 April 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Shah earned wider recognition with her dual portrayal of Saltanat and Kaynaat Shah in ''[[Sufiyana Pyaar Mera]]'' and her portrayal of Riddhima Raisinghania in ''[[Ishq Mein Marjawan 2]]'' and the web series ''[[Ishq Mein Marjawan 2: Naya Safar]]''.<ref name="news18.com">{{Cite news |date=23 January 2020 |title=Helly Shah Stars in 'Ishq Mein Marjawan 2', First Promo of New Season Out |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/helly-shah-stars-in-ishq-mein-marjawan-2-first-promo-of-new-season-out-2470595.html |access-date=2 June 2020 |work=News18}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Shah is born on 7 January 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Helly Shah on her birthday celebration: I had a gala time with my close friends |work=Pinkvilla |date=9 January 2021 |access-date=10 January 2021 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/exclusive-ishq-mein-marjawan-2s-helly-shah-her-birthday-celebration-had-gala-time-my-close-friends-591235 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109064534/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/exclusive-ishq-mein-marjawan-2s-helly-shah-her-birthday-celebration-had-gala-time-my-close-friends-591235 |url-status=dead }}</ref> She is a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]]<ref name=ethnicity>{{cite news |title=Gujaratis take the lead on prime time TV |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news/Gujaratis-take-the-lead-on-prime-time-TV/articleshow/44754981.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |first=Ano |last=Patel |date=10 October 2014 |access-date=24 March 2018}}</ref> from [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]] and is a vegetarian.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hindi TV show 'Swaragini' zooms in on Kolkata's hotspots |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Hindi-TV-show-Swaragini-zooms-in-on-Kolkatas-hotspots/articleshow/46384717.cms |quote=Talking about playing the character, Helly told IANS: "Swara is very similar to what I am in real life. The only difference is I am Gujarati and she is Bengali. Swara as Bengali is a non-vegetarian eating person, but in real life I am a vegetarian." |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |date=26 February 2015 |access-date=24 March 2018 |author-link=Indo-Asian News Service}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Shah began her acting career when she was in 8th grade.<ref name=toi1>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Ahmedabad-is-a-very-chilled-out-place-Helly-Shah/articleshow/14690142.cms |title=Ahmedabad is a very chilled out place: Helly Shah |author=Ano Patel |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=6 July 2012 |access-date=24 March 2018}}</ref> Her career began with [[Star Plus]]'s show ''Gulaal''.<ref name="ethnicity" /> In 2011 she appeared in ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]'' playing Shruti. She then played Alaxmi in [[Life OK]]'s ''[[Alaxmi - Hamari Super Bahu]]''.<ref name="ethnicity" /> Later, she played Ami in ''[[Khelti Hai Zindagi Aankh Micholi]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Hally-Shah-to-replace-Ulka-Gupta-in-Khelti-Hai-Zindagi-/articleshow/26794465.cms |title=Hally Shah to replace Ulka Gupta in 'Khelti Hai Zindagi...' |work=[[The Times of India]] |author=Neha Maheshwri |date=4 December 2013 |access-date=24 March 2018}}</ref> She then appeared in [[Sony Pal]]'s ''Khushiyon Kii Gullak Aashi''.<ref name="md1">{{Cite news |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/khushiyon-kii-gullak-aashi-to-go-off-air/15793188 |title='Khushiyon Kii Gullak Aashi' to go off air |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |work=[[Mid-Day]] |date=26 November 2014 |access-date=24 March 2018 |author-link=Indo-Asian News Service}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Helly Shah.jpg|thumb|Shah in 2016]]<br />
From March 2015 to December 2016, Shah portrayed Swara Maheshwari in ''[[Swaragini - Jodein Rishton Ke Sur|Swaragini]].''<br />
<br />
In 2016, Shah participated in [[Colors TV]]'s ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 9)]]''. In 2017, she portrayed Devanshi Upadhyay/Bakshi in ''[[Devanshi (TV series)|Devanshi]]''.<br />
<br />
In 2019, she portrayed the double role of Saltanat Shah and Kaynaat Shah in [[Star Bharat]]'s ''[[Sufiyana Pyaar Mera]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=IANS |title=Swaragini actress Helly Shah is all set to make a comeback with this project |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/swaragini-actress-helly-shah-is-all-set-to-make-a-comeback-with-this-project-1450068-2019-02-07 |access-date=9 March 2022 |work=India Today |date=7 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Next, she appeared as Neha in [[Star Plus]]'s ''[[Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Neha |last=Maheshwri |date=18 November 2019 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/helly-shah-joins-yeh-rishtey-hain-pyaar-ke/articleshow/72107994.cms |title=Helly Shah joins 'Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke' |work=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=29 November 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Shah portrayed Riddhima Raisinghania in ''[[Ishq Mein Marjawan 2]]'' opposite [[Rrahul Sudhir]] and [[Vishal Vashishtha]],<ref name="news18.com"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Maheshwri |first1=Neha |title=Helly Shah to play the protagonist in the second season of 'Ishq Mein Marjawaan' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/helly-shah-to-play-the-protagonist-in-the-second-season-of-ishq-mein-marjawaan/articleshow/73520320.cms |access-date=23 January 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=23 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref> that aired from 13 July 2020 to 13 March 2021 on [[Colors TV]].<ref name="Reprise"/> After the show went off air, the new season titled ''[[Ishq Mein Marjawan 2: Naya Safar]]'' started to stream in [[Voot|Voot Select]] since 15 March, with Shah reprising the character of Riddhima.<ref name="Reprise">{{cite news |last1=Cyril |first1=Grace |title=Ishq Mein Marjawan 2 streams on Voot Select now, Ankit Siwach to play a villain |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/ishq-mein-marjawan-2-streams-on-voot-select-now-ankit-siwach-to-play-a-villain-1779887-2021-03-16 |access-date=12 April 2021 |work=India Today |date=16 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
She made her [[Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]] red carpet debut on 18 May 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Cannes 2022: Helly Shah steals the show in a dazzling thigh-high slit gown with plunging neckline |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/cannes-2022-helly-shah-steals-the-show-in-a-dazzling-thigh-high-slit-gown-with-plunging-neckline/articleshow/91656220.cms |access-date=24 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=19 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=20 May 2022 |title=Cannes 2022: Helly Shah makes her debut in a sparkling gown |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/lifestyle/cannes-2022-helly-shah-makes-her-debut-in-a-sparkling-gown-101653024133999.html |access-date=24 May 2022 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> She unveiled the poster of her debut film ''[[Kaya Palat (2024 film)|Kaya Palat]]'', at the Cannes Film Festival on 21 May.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Roy |first=Tanushree |date=24 May 2022 |title=Helly Shah unveils first look of debut film Kaya Palat at Cannes 2022. Celebs react |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/helly-shah-unveils-first-look-of-debut-film-kaya-palat-at-cannes-2022-celebs-react-1953262-2022-05-24 |access-date=24 May 2022 |magazine=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2022 |title=Cannes 2022: Helly Shah unveils the poster of her debut film 'Kaya Palat' at the Indian Pavilion |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/cannes-2022-helly-shah-unveils-poster-her-debut-film-kaya-palat-indian-pavilion-1104018 |access-date=24 May 2022 |website=PINKVILLA |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405131233/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/cannes-2022-helly-shah-unveils-poster-her-debut-film-kaya-palat-indian-pavilion-1104018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The actress also walked the red carpet for L’Oréal Paris at [[Cannes Film Festival]], the first Indian television actress to walk for the event sponsors [[L'Oréal|L'Orèal Paris.]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 May 2022 |title=Helly Shah to grace the red carpet for L'Oréal Paris at Cannes Film Festival 2022 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/helly-shah-grace-red-carpet-loreal-paris-cannes-film-festival-2022/ |access-date=24 May 2022 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> As of March 2023, Shah is shooting for an upcoming Gujarati film alongside [[Vatsal Seth]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=IANS |title=Helly Shah All Set To Make Her Debut In Gujarati Cinema |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/helly-shah-all-set-to-make-her-debut-in-gujarati-cinema-news-268078 |magazine=Outlook |date=7 March 2023 |access-date=1 July 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
From March 2025 to June 2025, she played Kajal Thakkar in [[Colors TV]]'s ''[[Zyada Mat Udd]]'' opposite Shehzad Shaikh.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Anandita |date=1 March 2025 |title=Helly Shah And Shehzad Shaikh Spill Beans On Their New Show|url=https://www.news18.com/television/helly-shah-and-shehzad-shaikh-spill-beans-on-their-new-show-aa-9245822.html |work=[[News 18]] |access-date=2 March 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==In the media==<br />
Shah ranked 47th in [[Eastern Eye]]'s Top 50 Asian celebrities of 2020. In the same year, ''[[Eastern Eye]]'' listed her in [[Eastern Eye|Dynamic dozen for the decade]] in its 4th position.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www-easterneye-biz.webpkgcache.com/doc/-/s/www.easterneye.biz/dynamic-dozen-for-the-decade/|title=Dynamic dozen for the decade|newspaper=Eastern Eye|date=9 January 2020 |access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 50 Asian celebrities of 2020: A countdown of Global stars who broke boundaries, did great work and made a positive impact! |url=https://www.easterneye.biz/top-50-asian-celebrities-of-2020/ |date=12 December 2020 |work=Eastern Eye}}</ref> In 2021, she was ranked in [[Eastern Eye]]'s Top 30 under 30 Global Asian Stars list.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=The New Generation: Top 30 under 30 Global Asian Stars; check complete list |url=https://www.easterneye.biz/the-new-generation-top-30-under-30-global-asian-stars/ |website=EasternEye |language=en-GB}}</ref> In 2023, she ranked 3rd in ''[[Times Now]]'' "Popular Television Actresses" list.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/web-stories/entertainment/9-indian-tv-actresses-who-are-more-famous-than-bollywood-stars/photostory/100432740.cms|title=9 Indian TV actresses who are more famous than Bollywood Stars|newspaper=[[Times Now]] |date=23 May 2023 |access-date=5 January 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
===Films===<br />
{{Pending films key}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! Language <br />
! class="unsortable"|Notes<br />
! class="unsortable"|Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2020<br />
| ''Happy Birthday''<br />
| Saba<br />
| rowspan="2"|[[Hindi]]<br />
| rowspan="2"|Short film<br />
|<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=laXrcIuvy2Q |title=Happy Birthday Starring Helly Shah Is Releasing 2nd October |work=humaramovie |via=YouTube |date=22 September 2020}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2022<br />
| ''Zibah''<br />
| Erum<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Vinay MR |date=4 August 2022 |title=Helly Shah on her film getting qualified for Oscars: Sirf yaha tak pohchna hi badi baat hai humare liye |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/helly-shah-on-her-film-getting-qualified-for-oscars-sirf-yaha-tak-pohchna-hi-badi-baat-hai-humare-liye-101659611949492.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=3 March 2025}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2025<br />
| ''Surprise''<br />
| Kruti<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]<br />
| <br />
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jambhekar |first1=Shruti |date=5 April 2023 |title=I am stepping out of my comfort zone: Helly Shah on Gujarati debut |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/gujarati/i-am-stepping-out-of-my-comfort-zone-helly-shah-on-gujarati-debut/articleshow/99269401.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=3 April 2024}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Deda (film)|''Deda'']]<br />
| Khushi <br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Deda' Star Helly Shah Says She's Not Just Acting—She's Feeling Every Bit of It |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/helly-shah-deda-gujarati-film-pregnant-role-challenges-1778567 |work=ABP News |agency=IANS |date=9 June 2025 |access-date=14 June 2025}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| TBA<br />
| {{Pending film|Kaya Palat}}<br />
| {{TableTBA}} <br />
| Hindi <br />
| Completed<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Helly Shah to make film debut with Kaya Palat produced by Oscar winner Marc Baschet |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/helly-shah-to-make-film-debut-with-kaya-palat-produced-by-oscar-winner-marc-baschet/ |date=8 April 2022 |work=Bollywood Hungama |accessdate=12 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=7 April 2022 |title=Helly Shah, Indian TV Star, Sets Film Debut With 'Kaya Palat' |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/helly-shah-film-debut-kaya-palat-1235222657/ |access-date=24 May 2022 |magazine=Variety}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! class="unsortable"|Notes<br />
! class="unsortable"|Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2010–2011<br />
| ''Zindagi Ka Har Rang...Gulaal''<br />
| Talli<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2011<br />
| ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]''<br />
| Shruti<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2012–2013<br />
| ''[[Alaxmi Ka Super Parivaar|Alaxmi – Humari Super Bahu]]''<br />
| Alaxmi / Laxmi Kapadia<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2013<br />
| ''[[Khelti Hai Zindagi Aankh Micholi]]''<br />
| Ami Joshipura<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2014<br />
| ''Khushiyon Kii Gullak Aashi''<br />
| Aashi Dubey<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2015–2016<br />
| ''[[Swaragini – Jodein Rishton Ke Sur]]''<br />
| Swara Bose Maheshwari<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Priyanka |date=16 November 2016 |title=Helly Shah, Varun Kapoor show Swaragini to go off air in December |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/swaragini-helly-shah-varun-kapoor-show-to-go-off-air-in-december-4378966/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=3 April 2024}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
| ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 9|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 9]]''<br />
| Contestant<br />
| 15th place<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Rumani |date=3 July 2016 |title='Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa' 9: Here is the list of confirmed celebrity contestants of this year! |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-9-list-of-contestants-337744 |work=Indian TV News |access-date=3 April 2024}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2016–2017<br />
| ''[[Devanshi (TV series)|Devanshi]]''<br />
| Devanshi Upadhyay Bakshi<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2018<br />
| ''[[Laal Ishq (2018 TV series)|Laal Ishq]]''<br />
| Deepali<br />
| Episode: "Jhankini"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2019<br />
| ''[[Sufiyana Pyaar Mera]]''<br />
| Saltanat Shah Khan / Kaynaat Shah<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2020–2021<br />
| ''[[Ishq Mein Marjawan 2]]''<br />
| Riddhima Raisinghania<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{cite news |last1=Mondal |first1=Sukarna |date=22 May 2020 |title=Exclusive - Helly Shah on Ishq Mein Marjawan 2: We had just shot for a month and the launch had to be postponed due to lockdown |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-helly-shah-on-ishq-mein-marjawan-2-we-had-just-shot-for-a-month-and-the-launch-had-to-be-postponed-due-to-lockdown/articleshow/75872993.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=18 March 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|''[[Zyada Mat Udd]]''<br />
|Kajal Thakkar<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |title= Helly Shah on her role in 'Zyada Mat Udd'; says 'I've played intense and emotional roles before, so stepping into a light-hearted, fast-paced comedy felt refreshing'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/helly-shah-on-her-role-in-zyada-mat-udd-says-ive-played-intense-and-emotional-roles-before-so-stepping-into-a-light-hearted-fast-paced-comedy-felt-refreshing/articleshow/119085373.cms |work=The Times of India |date=17 March 2025 |access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==== Special appearances ====<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" <br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! class="unsortable"|Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2015<br />
| ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]''<br />
| Herself<br />
| <ref>{{cite news |title='Comedy Nights With Kapil' special episode for Mahashivratri |language=en |work=India TV News |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/comedy-nights-with-kapil-mahashivratri-episode-20514.html |agency=IANS |date=6 February 2015 |access-date=18 March 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Udaan (2014 TV series)|Udaan]]''<br />
| rowspan="6" |Swara Bose Maheshwari<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2016<br />
| ''[[Krishnadasi (2016 TV series)|Krishnadasi]]''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Comedy Nights Live]]''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki]]''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2017<br />
| ''[[Shakti - Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" | Devanshi Upadhyay Bakshi<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Savitri Devi College & Hospital]]''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2019<br />
| ''[[Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke]]''<br />
| Neha<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2020<br />
| ''[[Choti Sarrdaarni]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" | Riddhima Raisinghania<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Pinjara Khubsurti Ka]]''<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Web series===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Role<br />
! class="unsortable"|Notes<br />
! class="unsortable"|Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
| ''[[Ishq Mein Marjawan 2: Naya Safar]]''<br />
| Riddhima Raisinghania<br />
| <br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 June 2021 |title=Helly Shah pens emotional note as Ishq Mein Marjawan 2 to go off-air soon |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/helly-shah-pens-emotional-note-as-ishq-mein-marjawan-2-to-go-off-air-soon-710963 |access-date=26 December 2021 |work=India TV News}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2024<br />
| ''[[Gullak]]''<br />
| Dr. Preeti Singh<br />
| Season 4<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 May 2024 |title=Gullak season 4 release date out, Helly Shah joins the cast |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/news/gullak-season-4-release-date-out-helly-shah-joins-the-cast |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531011254/https://www.filmcompanion.in/news/gullak-season-4-release-date-out-helly-shah-joins-the-cast |archive-date=31 May 2024 |access-date=6 June 2024 |work=Film Companion}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Naam Namak Nishan''<br />
| Dr. Tina<br />
| <br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |title='Naam Namak Nishan' trailer: Varun Sood, Danish Sood as young cadets show true power of unity, brotherhood |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/entertainment/naam-namak-nishan-trailer-varun-sood-danish-sood-as-young-cadets-show-true-power-of-unity-brotherhood/ |work=[[Lokmat|Lokmat Times]] |agency=ANI |date=9 August 2024 |access-date=10 August 2024}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''Pyramid''<br />
|Vrinda<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Music videos===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Singer(s)<br />
! class="unsortable"|Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
| ''Halo Re Halo ''<br />
|[[Payal Dev]], [[Mika Singh]]<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2021 |title=Payal Dev: I suggested we shoot 'Halo Re Halo' with Sharad Malhotra and Helly Shah |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/payal-dev-i-suggested-we-shoot-halo-re-halo-with-sharad-malhotra-and-helly-shah-23196050 |access-date=6 December 2021 |work=Mid Day}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2022<br />
| ''Ik Kahani''<br />
| Kaka<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |title='Ik Kahani' ft. Kaka Ji and Helly Shah is out |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/ik-kahani-ft-kaka-ji-and-helly-shah-is-out/articleshow/88903558.cms |language=en |access-date=14 January 2022 |work=The Times of India|date=14 January 2022 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Humko Na Mohabbat Karne De''<br />
| Gul Saxena, Saaj Bhatt<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Music video Humko Na Mohabbat Karne De is all about love |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/music-video-humko-na-mohabbat-karne-de-is-all-about-love-409674 |access-date=16 August 2022 |work=The Express Tribune |date=5 July 2022}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''Tu Jo Mila''<br />
|Romy<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Umar Riaz, Helly Shah come together for music video 'Tu Jo Mila' |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/umar-riaz-helly-shah-come-together-for-music-video-tu-jo-mila-440105 |access-date=12 October 2022 |work=Tribune |date=11 October 2022}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Award<br />
!Category<br />
!Work<br />
!Result<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|2016<br />
| [[Asian Viewers Television Awards]]<br />
| Best Actress (Popular)<br />
|rowspan="3"|''[[Swaragini - Jodein Rishton Ke Sur]]''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Iconic Gold Awards 2022 held in Mumbai amid the presence of a galaxy of tinsel town celebrities |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/iconic-gold-awards-2022-held-in-mumbai-amid-the-presence-of-a-galaxy-of-tinsel-town-celebrities20220318112617/ |access-date=14 April 2022 |work=ANI |date=18 March 2022}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | [[Colors TV|Golden Petal Awards]]<br />
| Best Actress<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|rowspan="2" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Colors Golden Petal Awards 2016 Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/tv-awards/colors-golden-petal-awards/2016/116 |work=The Times of India |access-date=16 December 2024}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Favourite Jodi <small>(with [[Varun Kapoor]])</small><br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
| rowspan="2"|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]<br />
| [[ITA Award for Best Actress Popular|Best Actress (Popular)]]<br />
|''[[Devanshi]]''<br />
|{{won}}<br />
| {{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|2019<br />
| [[ITA Award for Best Actress in a Negative Role|Best Actress in a Negative Role]]<br />
|rowspan=2|''[[Sufiyana Pyaar Mera]]''<br />
|{{won}}<br />
| {{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} <br />
|-<br />
|[[Gold Awards]]<br />
| Best Actress in a Negative Role<br />
|{{won}}<br />
| {{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} <br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
| [[Gold Glam and Style Awards]]<br />
| Stylish Actor(Female)Tv<br />
|{{n/a}}<br />
|{{won}}<br />
| {{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} <br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
| rowspan="2"|[[Indian Television Academy Awards]]<br />
| rowspan="2"|[[ITA Award for Best Actress Popular|Best Actress (Popular)]]<br />
| rowspan="2"| ''[[Ishq Mein Marjawan 2]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Keshri |first1=Shweta |title=ITA Awards 2020 gets more than 1 crore votes in popular category. List of nominees |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/ita-awards-2020-gets-more-than-1-crore-votes-in-popular-category-list-of-nominees-1768308-2021-02-11 |access-date=14 April 2022 |work=India Today |date=11 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2022 <br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tandon |first=Tulika |date=8 March 2022 |title=Know the winners list of ITA 2022|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/indian-television-academy-ita-awards-winners-list-check-who-won-what-here-1646724656-1 |work=Jagran Josh |access-date=29 September 2022}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|8447176}}<br />
* {{Twitter|OfficialHelly7}}<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
{{Portal bar|Films|Television}}<br />
<br />
{{Indian Television Academy Award Best Lead Actress}}<br />
{{Indian Television Academy Awards}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Helly}}<br />
[[Category:1996 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Indian web series actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Gujarati actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Ahmedabad]]<br />
[[Category:Female models from Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses in Gujarati cinema]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shubu_Mukherjee&diff=535498Shubu Mukherjee2026-01-29T18:11:56Z<p>Ranehospital: adding a article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian computer architect (born 1986)}}<br />
{{COI|date=September 2024}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox scientist<br />
| title = Shubu Mukherjee<br />
| image = Shubu Mukherjee.jpg<br />
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], India<br />
| known_for = Architecture design for soft errors, processor architecture<br />
| prizes = Maurice Wilkes Award, [[IEEE Fellow]], [[ACM Fellow]]<br />
| work_institution = [[SiFive]], [[Compaq]], [[Intel]], [[Cavium]], and [[Marvell Technology|Marvell]]<br />
| academic_advisors= [[Mark D. Hill]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Shubu Mukherjee''' (born November 10, 1968), also known as '''Shubhendu S. Mukherjee.''', is a pioneer in [[computer architecture]] design and analysis techniques. <br />
<br />
==Education==<br />
Mukherjee received his Ph.D degree from the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison|University of Wisconsin-Madison]] under the supervision of Prof. [[Mark D. Hill]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home Page of Prof. Mark D. Hill |url=https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~markhill/includes/graduates.html |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=pages.cs.wisc.edu}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
His first job immediately after graduation was with the [[DEC Alpha|Alpha Architecture group]] in [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] (DEC), where he worked for ten days before [[Compaq]] acquired DEC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Compaq to buy DEC - Jan. 26, 1998 |url=https://money.cnn.com/1998/01/26/technology/compaq/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=money.cnn.com}}</ref> Mukherjee moved to Intel when the Alpha Architecture group was acquired by [[Intel|Intel Corporation]] in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Compaq to swap Alpha for Intel |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/1424378/compaq-to-swap-alpha-for-intel.html |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=Computerworld |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In Intel, in conjunction with [[Joel Emer]], Steven Reinhardt, and others, Mukherjee published one of his well-known papers on architectural vulnerability,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mukherjee |first1=S.S. |last2=Weaver |first2=C. |last3=Emer |first3=J. |last4=Reinhardt |first4=S.K. |last5=Austin |first5=T. |chapter=A systematic methodology to compute the architectural vulnerability factors for a high-performance microprocessor |date=2003 |title=22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.03CH37449) |publisher=IEEE Comput. Soc |pages=29–40 |doi=10.1109/MICRO.2003.1253181 |isbn=978-0-7695-2043-8}}</ref> which shows how to reason about and design for [[Soft error|soft errors]] in [[Integrated circuit|semiconductor chips]] from cosmic radiation and [[Alpha strike (engineering)|alpha particles]]. Subsequently, Mukherjee’s work on soft errors led to Mukherjee’s book on the same topic titled "Architecture Design for Soft Errors."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Shubu |title=Architecture Design for Soft Errors |date=August 29, 2011 |publisher=Elsevier Science |isbn=9780080558325}}</ref><br />
<br />
Mukherjee has worked on most aspects of computer chip design, including as an alpha architect for on-chip networks and coherence protocols,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mukherjee |first1=S.S. |last2=Bannon |first2=P. |last3=Lang |first3=S. |last4=Spink |first4=A. |last5=Webb |first5=D. |chapter=The Alpha 21364 network architecture |date=2001 |title=HOT 9 Interconnects. Symposium on High Performance Interconnects |publisher=IEEE Comput. Soc |pages=113–117 |doi=10.1109/HIS.2001.946702 |isbn=978-0-7695-1357-7}}</ref> lead architect for ARM-based processor cores used in [[Octeon|OCTEON]] 9x family of processors, reliability architect, and performance architect.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Emer |first1=Joel |last2=Ahuja |first2=Pritpal |last3=Borch |first3=Eric |last4=Klauser |first4=Artur |last5=Luk |first5=Chi-Keung |last6=Manne |first6=Srilatha |last7=Mukherjee |first7=Shubhendu S. |last8=Patil |first8=Harish |last9=Wallace |first9=Steven |last10=Binkert |first10=Nathan |last11=Espasa |first11=Roger |last12=Juan |first12=Toni |date=2002-02-01 |title=Asim: A Performance Model Framework |url=https://doi.org/10.1109/2.982918 |journal=Computer |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=68–76 |doi=10.1109/2.982918 |bibcode=2002Compr..35b..68E |issn=0018-9162|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Mukherjee has over 50 publications and 100 patents in the field of computer architecture.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubu Mukherjee |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tRaNOv4AAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
He has served as Vice President of Architecture in [[SiFive|SiFive, Inc.]] and in the [[RISC-V]] Technical Steering Committee.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Technical Steering Committee – RISC-V International |url=https://riscv.org/about/technical-steering-committee/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards and honors==<br />
Mukherjee was the 2009 recipient of the [[Maurice Wilkes Award|Maurice Wilkes award]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel's Mukherjee Wins ACM Award for Advancing Reliability of Computer Architecture Design |url=https://www.acm.org/media-center/2009/june/intels-mukherjee-wins-acm-award-for-advancing-reliability-of-computer-architecture-design |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=www.acm.org |language=en}}</ref> an [[Association for Computing Machinery]] (ACM) award for pioneering contributions to computer and digital systems architecture. He received the 2022 ACM SIGMICRO MICRO Test of Time Award.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACM SIGMICRO: Test of Time Award |url=https://www.sigmicro.org/awards/tot/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=www.sigmicro.org}}</ref><br />
<br />
He is an [[ACM Fellow]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shubu Mukherjee |url=https://awards.acm.org/award-recipients/mukherjee_4035622 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=awards.acm.org |language=en}}</ref> and [[IEEE Fellow]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IEEE Fellows Directory - Member Profile |url=https://services27.ieee.org/fellowsdirectory/getdetailprofile.html?custNum=l2f0gAz7TppW/QWPpORsSg==&bccaptions=Search%20Results&bclocations=/fellowsdirectory/keywordsearch.html?keyword=mukherjee |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=services27.ieee.org}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Maurice Wilkes Award winners]]<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukherjee, Shubu}}<br />
[[Category:1968 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the IEEE]]<br />
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni]]<br />
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]<br />
[[Category:Computer architects]]<br />
<br />
{{Improve categories|date=September 2024}}</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marwari_Muslims&diff=445480Marwari Muslims2026-01-29T12:23:59Z<p>Ranehospital: minor changes</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Muslim ethnic group}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=May 2014}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=March 2017}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br />
{{infobox ethnic group|<br />
|group= Marwari Muslim<br />
|poptime = <br />
|popplace = [[India]] • [[Pakistan]]<br />
|langs = [[Marwari language|Marwari]] • [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]] <br />
|rels= Islam<br />
|related= [[Rajasthani Muslims]] • [[Marwari people|Marwari]] • [[Rajasthani people|Rajasthani]] • [[Sindhi people|Sindhi]] • [[Muhajir (Pakistan)|Muhajirs]] • [[Thari people|Thari]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Marwari Muslims''' or '''Marwadi Muslims''' ({{langx|mwr|मारवाड़ी मुसलमान}}, {{lang|mwr-Arab|ماروارؕی مسلمان}}) are an Indian and Pakistani ethnic group that originate from the [[Rajasthan]] region of India. Their language, also called [[Marwari language|Marwari]], is a dialect of [[Rajasthani Languages|Rajasthani]] and is a part of the western group of [[Indo-Aryan languages]].<ref name="Bareh2001">{{cite book|last=Bareh|first=Hamlet|author-link=Hamlet Bareh|title=Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Meghalaya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7BTlEgnhHtcC&pg=PA138|year=2001|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-791-7|page=138,225,x}}</ref> They can also found in the state of [[Meghalaya]].<ref>{{Cite book |first1=N. K. |last1=Singh |first2=A. P. |last2=Mishra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H8HT5OMWVssC&dq=Muslim+community+of+Meghalaya&pg=PA567 |title=Global Encyclopaedic Enthnography Of Indian Muslim (3 vol. set) |date=August 2008 |publisher=Global Vision Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8220-297-9 |pages=167–168 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Notable people==<br />
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their OWN article on the English Bharatpedia ♦♦♦---><br />
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---><br />
* [[Muhammad Hashim Gazdar]] (1893–1968), representative from Sindh to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan<br />
* [[Liaquat Soldier]] (1952–2011), Pakistani comedy actor, writer and director<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/140176/liaquat-soldier-dies-of-heart-attack/ |title=Liaquat 'Soldier' dies of heart attack: Express Tribune |date=30 March 2011 |access-date=18 August 2020|archive-date=1 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110401104839/http://tribune.com.pk/story/140176/liaquat-soldier-dies-of-heart-attack/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Islam in India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.islamicvoice.com/March2006/CommunityInitiative/ Jodhpur Muslims Build a Future for Themselves]<br />
<br />
{{Indian Muslim}}<br />
{{Muhajir communities}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Islam in India by location]]<br />
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Pakistan]]<br />
[[Category:Muslim communities of Rajasthan|*]]<br />
[[Category:Marwar]]<br />
[[Category:Rajasthani peoples]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_tallest_structures_in_India&diff=473677List of tallest structures in India2026-01-25T12:03:25Z<p>Ranehospital: typo fix</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|none}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Tardeo Twins - panoramio (6).jpg|thumb|right|175px|[[The Imperial, Mumbai|The Imperial Towers, Mumbai]]]]<br />
[[File:Palais royale worli mumbai.png|right|thumb|175px|[[Palais Royale, Mumbai|Palais Royale]]]]<br />
[[File:Worlifrombandra.jpg|right|thumb|175px|[[Mumbai Television Tower]] amidst [[Worli]] skyline]]<br />
[[File:Pitampura TV Tower, Delhi, India.jpg|right|thumb|175px|[[Pitampura TV Tower]]]]<br />
[[File:Statue of Unity.jpg|right|thumb|175px|[[Statue of Unity]] Sardar Patel]]<br />
[[File:Hanuman-vijayawada-paritala.jpg|right|thumb|175px|[[Paritala Anjaneya Temple]] [[Hanuman]]]]<br />
<br />
==Tallest Structures==<br />
<br />
This is a list of the tallest [[Nonbuilding structure|structures]] in [[India]]. The list contains all types of structures that stand at least {{convert|250|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Name<br />
! Pinnacle height<br />
! Year<br />
! Structure type<br />
! Location<br />
<!-- ! Remarks --><br />
|-<br />
| [[INS Kattabomman]], Large masts<ref>{{Cite web |title=INS Kattabomman |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/ins-kattabomman.htm |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref><br />
| {{convert|471|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 1990<br />
| [[Guyed mast]]<br />
| [[Tirunelveli]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rameswaram TV Tower]]<br />
| {{convert|323|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 1995<br />
| Concrete tower<br />
| [[Rameswaram]], Tamil Nadu<br />
|-<br />
| [[Palais Royale, Mumbai|Palais Royale]]<ref>{{cite news|first1=Chrisanta|last1=Dias|title=The Curious Case of Palais Royale's Three-Year Construction Delay|url=https://propstory.com/the-curious-case-of-palais-royales-three-year-construction-delay/|newspaper=Simplifying Indian Real Estate|date=23 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Palais Royale - The Skyscraper Center |url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/palais-royale/417 |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=www.skyscrapercenter.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-07 |title=Cloud over country’s tallest skyscraper project in Mumbai |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/real-estate/cloud-over-countrys-tallest-skyscraper-project-in-mumbai/article65861733.ece |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref><br />
| {{convert|320|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 2026<br />
| [[Residential building]]<br />
| [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Fazilka TV Tower]]<br />
| {{convert|305|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 2007<br />
| [[Lattice tower]]<br />
| [[Fazilka]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Lokhandwala Minerva]]<ref>{{Ctbuh|id=10431|title=Lokhandwala Minerva|access-date=25 August 2023}}</ref><br />
|{{convert|301|m|ft|0}}<br />
|2023<br />
|Residential building <br />
|Mumbai, Maharashtra<br />
|-<br />
| [[INS Kattabomman]], Central Mast<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/about-indian-navy/ins-kattabomman|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512005731/http://indiannavy.nic.in/about-indian-navy/ins-kattabomman|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-05-12|title=INS Kattabomman : About Indian Navy : Indian Navy|date=2015-05-12|access-date=2019-07-09}}</ref> <br />
| {{convert|301|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 1989<br />
| Guyed mast<br />
| Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mumbai Television Tower]]<ref name = "Emporis.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060106065042/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=January 6, 2006|title=Mumbai Television Tower, Mumbai |access-date=2007-08-09 |publisher=[[Emporis]]}}|</ref><br />
| {{convert|300|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 1974<br />
| Lattice tower<br />
| Mumbai, Maharashtra<br />
|-<br />
| Jaisalmer TV Tower || {{convert|299|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 1993 || Concrete tower ||[[Jaisalmer]], [[Rajasthan]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Samatra TV Tower]] || {{convert|299|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 1999 || Concrete tower ||[[Samatra]], [[Gujarat]]<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|[[World One]]<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/world-one/39977| title = World One - The Skyscraper Center}}</ref><br />
|{{convert|285|m|ft|0}}<br />
|2020<br />
|Residential building<br />
|Mumbai, Maharashtra<br />
|-<br />
|[[World One|World View]]<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/world-view/16252| title = World View - The Skyscraper Center}}</ref><br />
|{{convert|285|m|ft|0}}<br />
|2020<br />
|Residential building<br />
|Mumbai, Maharashtra<br />
|-<br />
|Piramal Aranya Arav<ref>{{Ctbuh|id=33921|title=Piramal Aranya Arav}}</ref><br />
|{{convert|282.2|m|ft|0}}<br />
|2022<br />
|Residential building<br />
|Mumbai, Maharashtra<br />
|-<br />
| [[AIR Tower]]<ref>https://thewire.in/government/prasar-bharati-strategic-tv-tower-amritsar-project</ref><br />
|{{convert|282|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 2013<br />
| Lattice tower<br />
| Amritsar<br />
|-<br />
| INS Kattabomman, Inner Ring Masts<ref name="INS Kattabomman">{{cite web |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:2L1e-XHf1LwJ:imghost1.indiamart.com/data2/CY/BJ/HTT-240/240_2010-06-11_346942.pdf+ins+kattabomman+masts+height&hl=en&gl=de&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjlg5xAOFOmgBzqMzVmJCSH3nvkfGnWosKsL7SBHR7pPEr2fZVAhnB7BykpcKwTalBnBPNilejvrj4eyRI1Jfet0OfWxd6V8FD7HdN7l_o8-IGx_91QUiEtKsWjDt1Z2LY8itiP&sig=AHIEtbS0BMjuPEHF23tpILQYYOJfjtQuWg|title=INS Kattabomman|access-date=2013-09-25 }}</ref><br />
| {{convert|276.45|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 1989<br />
| Guyed mast<br />
| Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dahanu Thermal Power Station]] Chimney<ref>{{cite web|url=http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=5908 |title=Dahanu Power Station |access-date=2008-12-14 |publisher=SkyscraperPage.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526015925/http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=5908 |archive-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| {{convert|275.3|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 1995<br />
| [[Chimney]]<br />
| [[Dahanu]], Maharashtra<br />
|-<br />
| [[Panki Thermal Power Station]] Chimney<br />
| {{convert|275|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 2021<br />
| Chimney<br />
| [[Kanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
|-<br />
| Sagardighi Thermal Power Station Chimney<br />
| {{convert|275|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 2004<br />
| Chimney<br />
| [[Sagardighi, Murshidabad|Sagardighi]], [[West Bengal]]<br />
|-<br />
| Anpara B Power Plant Chimney<br />
| {{convert|275|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 1994<br />
| Chimney<br />
| [[Anpara]], Uttar Pradesh<br />
|-<br />
| Korba Power Plant Chimney<br />
| {{convert|275|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 2009<br />
| Chimney<br />
| [[Korba, Chhattisgarh|Korba]], [[Chhattisgarh]]<br />
|-<br />
| Tata Power Corporation Chimney<br />
| {{convert|275|m|ft|0}}<br />
|<br />
| Chimney<br />
| Mumbai, Maharashtra<br />
|-<br />
| Mouda Super Thermal Power Station Chimney<br />
| {{convert|275|m|ft|0}}<br />
|<br />
| Chimney<br />
| Kumbhari<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kalisindh Thermal Power Station]] Chimney<br />
| {{convert|275|m|ft|0}}<br />
|<br />
| Chimney<br />
| [[Jhalawar]], Rajasthan<br />
|-<br />
| [[NTPC Ramagundam]] Chimney<br />
| {{convert|275|m|ft|0}}<br />
|<br />
| Chimney<br />
| [[Ramagundam]], [[Telangana]]<br />
|-<br />
| Anpara A Power Plant Chimney<br />
| {{convert|270|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 1983<br />
| Chimney<br />
| Anpara, Uttar Pradesh<br />
|-<br />
| [[The Park (residential project)|Lodha Trump Tower Mumbai]]<ref>{{Ctbuh|id=15853|title=Trump Tower Mumbai}}</ref><br />
| {{convert|268|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 2021<br />
| Residential building<br />
| Mumbai, Maharashtra<br />
|-<br />
| [[The Park (residential project)|Lodha Park Marquise]]<ref>{{Ctbuh|id=16058|title=Lodha Park Marquise}}</ref><br />
| {{convert|268|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 2021<br />
| Residential building<br />
| Mumbai, Maharashtra<br />
|-<br />
| [[The Park (residential project)|Lodha Park Allura]]<ref>{{Ctbuh|id=16057|title=Lodha Park Allura}}</ref><br />
| {{convert|268|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 2021<br />
| Residential building<br />
| Mumbai, Maharashtra<br />
|-<br />
| [[The Park (residential project)|Lodha Park Parkside]]<ref>{{Ctbuh|id=16056|title=Lodha Park Parkside}}</ref><br />
| {{convert|268|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 2021<br />
| Residential building<br />
| Mumbai, Maharashtra<br />
|-<br />
| [[The Park (residential project)|Lodha Park Kiara]]<ref>{{Ctbuh|id=16059|title=Lodha Park Kiara}}</ref><br />
| {{convert|268|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 2022<br />
| Residential building<br />
| Mumbai, Maharashtra<br />
|-<br />
|[[Nathani Heights]]<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/nathani-heights/14465| title = Nathani Heights - The Skyscraper Center}}</ref><br />
|{{convert|262|m|ft|0}}<br />
|2020<br />
|Residential building<br />
|Mumbai, Maharashtra<br />
|-<br />
|[[Three Sixty West]] Tower B<ref>{{Ctbuh|id=532|title=Three Sixty West Tower B}}</ref><br />
|{{convert|260|m|ft|0}}<br />
|2021<br />
|Residential building<br />
|Mumbai, Maharashtra<br />
|-<br />
|[[The 42 (Kolkata)|The 42]]<ref>{{Ctbuh|id=14870|title=The 42, Kolkata}}</ref><br />
|{{convert|260|m|ft|0}}<br />
|2019<br />
|Residential building<br />
|[[Kolkata]], West Bengal<br />
|-<br />
| [[The Imperial, Mumbai|Imperial 1]]<ref name=to08>topped out in 2008</ref><br />
| {{convert|256|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 2010<br />
| Residential building<br />
| Mumbai, Maharashtra<br />
|-<br />
| [[The Imperial, Mumbai|Imperial 2]]<ref name=to08/><br />
| {{convert|256|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 2010<br />
| Residential building<br />
| Mumbai, Maharashtra<br />
|-<br />
| [[Three Sixty West]] Tower A<ref>{{Ctbuh|id=12350|title=Three Sixty West Tower A}}</ref><br />
| {{convert|255.6|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 2019<br />
| [[Commercial building]]<br />
| Mumbai, Maharashtra<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| [[One Avighna Park]]<ref>{{Ctbuh|id=14469|title=One Avighna Park}}</ref><br />
| {{convert|251.3|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 2017<br />
| Residential Building<br />
| Mumbai, Maharashtra<br />
|-<br />
| Ahuja Tower<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahuja Tower, Mumbai |website=skyscraperpage.com |url=https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=85423 |access-date=2023-02-04}}</ref><br />
| {{convert|250|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 2019<br />
| Residential Building<br />
| Mumbai, Maharashtra<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Timeline of tallest structures of India==<br />
{| class="sortable wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Name<br />
!Image<br />
! City<br />
! Height<br />
! Years as Tallest<br />
|-<br />
|[[Mahabodhi Temple]] <br />
|[[File:Bodh Gaya 1899.jpg|100px]] <br />
|[[Bodh Gaya]] <br />
| {{convert|55|m|ft|0}}<br />
|~500 CE – 1010 CE<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=1056|title = Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[Brihadeeswarar Temple]]<br />
| [[File:The main Tower.JPG|100px]]<br />
| [[Thanjavur]]<br />
| {{convert|65.9|m|ft|0}}<br />
|1010–1260<br />
|- <br />
| [[Annamalaiyar Temple]]<br />
|[[File:Tiruvannamalai Temple Tower.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Tiruvannamalai]]<br />
| {{convert|66.4|m|ft|0}}<br />
|1260–1368<br />
|-<br />
| [[Qutb Minar]]<br />
| [[File:Qutub Minar Delhi 02.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Delhi]]<br />
| {{convert|72.5|m|ft|0}}<br />
|1368–1558<br />
|-<br />
| [[Chaturbhuj Temple (Orchha)|Chaturbhuj Temple]]<br />
|[[File:Old temple, Orchha.jpg|100px]]<br />
|[[Orchha]]<br />
| {{convert|104.8|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 1558–1970<br />
|-<br />
| [[World Trade Centre, Mumbai|MVRDC]]<br />
| [[File:Mumbai night skyline.jpg|100px]]<br />
| [[Mumbai]]<br />
| {{convert|155.9|m|ft|0}}<br />
| 1970–1974<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of tallest buildings in India]]<br />
* [[List of tallest buildings in Mumbai]]<br />
* [[List of tallest buildings in Asia]]<br />
* [[List of tallest buildings and structures in the Indian subcontinent]]<br />
* [[List of tallest buildings in different cities in India]]<br />
* [[List of the tallest statues in India]]<br />
* [[List of tallest structures in the world]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?searchID=40828219 Skyscraperpage.com diagram]<br />
<br />
{{portalbar|Architecture|India|Lists}}<br />
{{TBSW}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tallest Structures In India}}<br />
[[Category:Lists of tallest structures by country|India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian superlatives]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in India|Tallest]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kumbhakarna&diff=448410Kumbhakarna2026-01-12T18:59:28Z<p>Ranehospital: Improved structure and clarity</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Younger brother of Ravana in the Ramayana}}<br />
{{about|the brother of demon king Ravana|the mountain in Nepal|Kumbhakarna Mountain}}<br />
{{Distinguish|Kumbha of Mewar}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox deity<br />
| type = hindu<br />
| consort = {{ubl|Vajrajvala|Karkati|Taritamala|Aswani}}<br />
| children = [[Kumbha]] and [[Nikumbha]] (from Vajrajvala)&lt;br /&gt;Bhimasura (from Karkati)&lt;br /&gt;Mulakasura (from Taritamala&lt;br /&gt;Aswanikumbha (from Aswani)&lt;br/&gt;Devabhi (Stepson from Karkati and Anuloma)<br />
| relatives =<br />
| affiliation = [[Rakshasa]]<br />
| parents = [[Vishrava]] (father)&lt;br&gt;[[Kaikashi]] (mother)<br />
| siblings = [[Ravana]], [[Vibhishana]] (brothers)&lt;br&gt;[[Shurpanakha]] (sister)<br />
| texts = [[Ramayana]] and its versions<br />
| name = Kumbhakarna<br />
| image = The Demon Kumbhkaran finally wakes up and eats (6125069010).jpg<br />
| caption = Depiction of Kumbhakarna<br />
}}<br />
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}<br />
<br />
'''Kumbhakarna''' ([[Sanskrit]]: कुम्भकर्ण, lit. ''pot-eared'') is a powerful [[rakshasa]] and younger brother of [[Ravana]] from the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] epic ''[[Ramayana]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Valmiki |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qj9bDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=kumbhakarna+rakshasa&amp;pg=PT3691 |title=Delphi Collected Sanskrit Epics (Illustrated) |last2=Vyasa |date=2018-05-19 |publisher=Delphi Classics |isbn=978-1-78656-128-2 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite his gigantic size and appetite, he is described as a virtuous character and a great warrior in [[Hindu texts]]. He is said to have slaughtered 8,000 [[vanara]]s over the course of [[Rama]]'s mission to rescue [[Sita]].&lt;ref name=":0"&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Valmiki |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mkSzznK3VuEC&amp;dq=kumbhakarna+vanara&amp;pg=PA309 |title=The Concise Ramayana of Valmiki |last2=Venkatesananda |first2=Swami |date=1988-01-01 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-88706-862-1 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
[[Vibhishana]] narrated that Kumbhakarna had been born with immense strength, having subdued both [[Indra]] and [[Yama]], striking the former in the chest with the broken tusk of [[Airavata]]. At the bequest of [[Indra]], [[Brahma]] cursed the rakshasa to "sleep like he is dead". On Ravana's request, he commuted the curse to have the rakshasa sleep for six months at a time, and wake up for other six months to wreak havoc and devour to his heart's content.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Parameswaran |first=Mangalam R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzjsDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=kumbhakarna+indra&amp;pg=PA223 |title=The Ramayana of Valmiki (A condensed version of Valmiki's epic): , published by Manipal Universal Press |date=2013-04-19 |publisher=Manipal Universal Press |isbn=978-93-82460-08-4 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
In a popular retelling of this tale, Kumbhakarna, accompanied by his brothers Ravana and [[Vibhishana]], performed a major [[yajna]] to please [[Lord Brahma|Brahma]]. Indra was worried and jealous of his strength so he went to Brahma before Kumbhakarna's boon could come to fruition.<br />
<br />
When Kumbhakarna asked for his boon, his tongue was tied by the goddess [[Saraswati]], who acted on Indra's request. Instead of asking for ''Indrāsana'' (the throne of Indra), he asked for ''Nidrāsana'' (a bed for sleeping).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Murty |first=Sudha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e2puDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=indrasana+nidrasana&amp;pg=PT62 |title=The Upside-Down King: Unusual Tales about Rama and Krishna |date=2018-09-25 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-81-8475-417-9 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is also said that he intended to ask for ''Nirdevatvam'' (annihilation of the devas) and instead asked for ''Nidravatvam'' (sleep). His request was instantly granted. However, his brother Ravana requested Brahma to undo this curse as a boon and Brahma reduced it to sleeping for six months, after which he would sleep again as soon as his appetite was satisfied.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mani|first=Vettam|url=https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft|title=Puranic encyclopaedia : a comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature|date=1975|publisher=Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass|others=Robarts - University of Toronto|pages=439|isbn=978-0-8426-0822-0 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
== Life ==<br />
<br />
=== Origin ===<br />
In the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'', Kumbhakarna is said to be the incarnation of the gatekeeper deity [[Jaya-Vijaya|Vijaya]]. Vijaya, along with his brother and fellow gatekeeper [[Jaya-Vijaya|Jaya]], was punished by the [[Four Kumaras]] for impiety while they guarded the sacred realm of [[Vishnu]]. Vijaya was initially sentenced to mortality, but after appealing to Vishnu, their sentences were reduced to just three lifetimes, allowing them to return to [[Vaikuntha]]. While his brother Jaya became Ravana, Vijaya became Kumbhakarna during their second of three incarnations on Earth.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Srimad Bhagavatam |url=https://bhagavata.org/downloads/bhagavata-compl.html |access-date=November 2, 2022 |website=Bhagavata}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
=== Personality ===<br />
[[File: Waking up Kumbhakarna.jpg|thumb|The demons try to rouse the giant Kumbhakarna by hitting him with weapons and clubs and shouting in his ear, 17th century, [[British Museum]]]]Kumbhakarna is portrayed as a loyal, powerful, and fearless character who fought to defend his brother and land out of obligation and affection.&lt;ref name=":1"&gt;{{Cite book |last=Rajagopalachari |title=RAMAYANA retold by C. Rajagopalachari |publisher= |pages=168–169}}&lt;/ref&gt; He had a great appetite and slept for six months at a time.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Lakhani |first1=Om |last2=Lakhani |first2=Jitendra |date=May 2015 |title=Kumbhakarna: Did he suffer from the disorder of the hypothalamus? |journal=Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=433–434 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.152795 |doi-access=free |pmid=25932405 |pmc=4366788 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Rajagopalachari |title=RAMAYANA retold by C. Rajagopalachari |pages=186–188}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
=== Family ===<br />
<br />
Kumbhakarna's father is [[Vishrava]], and his siblings are [[Ravana]], [[Vibhishana]], and [[Shurpanakha]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Rajagopalachari |title=RAMAYANA retold by C. Rajagopalachari |pages=83}}&lt;/ref&gt; He has two sons, Kumbha and [[Nikumbha]], with his wife Vajrajwala, the daughter of Bali and granddaughter of [[Virochana]], who also fought in the war against Rama and was killed.&lt;ref&gt;M.M.S. Shastri Chitrao (1964), pp. 149, 367&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
==In the war==<br />
[[File:Depiction of Raavan in Ramayan book by legendary Bengali writer and painter Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury.png|thumb|left| Giant Warrior Kumbhakarna fighting Vanara Army]]<br />
In defense of his kingdom, Ravana charged into battle and was humiliated by [[Rama]] and his army after underestimating his enemy. He decided he needed the help of his brother Kumbhakarna, who woke up only after 1,000 elephants walked over him.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Venkataraman |first=M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P85yEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Kumbakarna+elephants+walked&amp;pg=PA52 |title=A few gods and goddesses of Hinduism |date=2022-06-03 |publisher=Venkataraman M |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
When informed of Ravana's war with Rama, Kumbhakarna tried to convince Ravana that what he was doing was wrong, that Rama is the [[avatar]] of [[Vishnu]], and that [[Sita]] is an avatar of [[Lakshmi]]. However, Ravana was deaf to these words and Kumbhakarna chose to fight in the battle due to loyalty and affection for his brother and homeland.&lt;ref name=":1" /&gt; He joined the battle and devastated Rama's army. After a battle against [[Hanuman]] and [[Sugriva]], he knocked the latter unconscious and took him prisoner.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Swaminathan |first=L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A47vDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=kumbakarna+battle&amp;pg=PA85 |title=Vaalmeeki Raamaayan: A Revelation |date=2018-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-4216-8 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
[[Lakshmana]] and Kumbhakarna dueled for a long period, leaving both of them exhausted.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Maharajan |first=S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=axrNqdyguSQC&amp;dq=kumbakarna+hanuman+battle&amp;pg=PA74 |title=Kamban |date=1996 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-7201-244-1 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his battle against Rama, Kumbhakarna had one arm cut off by the ''Vayuastra'' and the other mutilated by the Indrastra. Still, he raged towards Rama, opening his mouth to swallow him whole, and was met with a volley of arrows. In the [[Kamba Ramayanam]], Kumbhakarna acknowledges the divinity of Rama, but informs him of his [[dharma]] to fight for his brother, and only urges the prince to keep Vibhishana safe from harm.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tampi |first=Pa Patmanāpan̲ |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N2oJAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=Kumbakarna+prays+to+Rama |title=Ramayanas of Kampan and Eluttacchan |date=1996 |publisher=O. Padmakumari |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; With his desire granted, he charged against Rama with his feet severed by crescent arrows. He was slain only when the [[Indrastra]] was deployed by Rama. Kumbakarna's head was decapitated, and is described to have smashed several buildings and fortifications before descending towards the sea.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Aravamudan |first=Krishnan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CJe9BAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=vayuastra+kumbakarna&amp;pg=PA569 |title=Pure Gems of Ramayanam |date=2014-09-22 |publisher=Partridge |isbn=978-1-4828-3720-9 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; When Ravana heard of his brother's death, he fainted and later proclaimed that he was doomed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mani|first=Vettam|url=https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft|title=Puranic encyclopaedia : a comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature|date=1975|publisher=Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass|others=Robarts - University of Toronto|pages=450|isbn=978-0-8426-0822-0 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Ravana]]<br />
* [[Ramayana]]<br />
* [[Rama]]<br />
* [[Sita]]<br />
* [[Rakshasa]]<br />
<br />
== Literature ==<br />
* "Kumbhakarna" in M.M.S. Shastri Chitrao, ''Bharatavarshiya Prachin Charitrakosha (Dictionary of Ancient Indian Biography, in Hindi''), Pune 1964, pp. 149-151<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* [http://www.lankalibrary.com/myths/kumbha.htm Sri Lanka, Virtual Library. KUMBHAKARNA]<br />
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=KRxHAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA22 Pot-Ear's Awakening]. From the Ramayana, as translated by [[Arthur W. Ryder]]<br />
<br />
{{Ramayana}}<br />
{{HinduMythology}}<br />
<br />
[[Category: Rakshasa in the Ramayana]]<br />
[[Category: Characters in the Ramayana]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asees_Kaur&diff=448901Asees Kaur2026-01-08T00:43:43Z<p>Ranehospital: Structure improved and content revised</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian singer (born 1988)}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox musical artist<br />
| name = Asees Kaur<br />
| birth_name = <br />
| image = Asees_Kaur_at_the_66th_Filmfare_Awards.jpg<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1988|9|26}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Panipat]], [[Haryana]], India<br />
| genre = {{hlist|[[Bollywood]]|}}<br />
| occupation = Playback singer<br />
| spouse = {{Marriage|Goldie Sohel|2023}}<br />
| instrument = Vocals<br />
| years_active = 2015–present<br />
| caption = Kaur at [[66th Filmfare Awards]]<br />
| label = [[Sony Music India|Sony Music]]&lt;br&gt;[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]&lt;br&gt;[[Zee Music Company|Zee Music]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Asees Kaur''' is an Indian singer. She has participated in various singing reality shows including ''[[Indian Idol]]'' and'' Awaz Punjab Di''&lt;ref name="The New Indian Express"&gt;{{cite news |title=Delhiites have great taste in music: Asees Kaur |work=The New Indian Express |date=25 April 2023 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2023/Apr/25/delhiites-have-greattaste-in-musicasees-kaur-2569182.html |access-date=7 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Men Dominate Bollywood And The Music Industry: Asees Kaur |website=Feminism In India |date=30 July 2021 |url=https://feminisminindia.com/2021/07/30/interview-asees-kaur/ |access-date=7 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
She has won many awards including 2 [[Filmfare Awards]] and an [[IIFA Award]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Winners of the 66th Vimal Elaichi Filmfare Awards 2021 |website=Filmfare |date=28 March 2021 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2021/winners |access-date=7 November 2025 |archive-date=28 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328235800/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2021/winners}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=IIFA Awards 2022: Complete list of winners |website=DNA India |date=4 June 2022 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-iifa-awards-2022-complete-list-of-winners-2958295 |access-date=7 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
She made her Bollywood debut with "Dildara Reprise" from ''[[Tamanchey]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=How Asees Kaur Sang Her Way To Bollywood |work=SheThePeople |date=7 June 2023 |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/interviews/asees-kaur-interview/ |access-date=7 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She has worked on Bollywood songs including "Ve Maahi" from ''[[Kesari (2019 film)|Kesari]]'', "Makhna" from ''[[Drive (2019 film)|Drive]]'', "Bandeya Re Bandeya" &amp; "Tere Bin" from ''[[Simmba]]'', "Akh Lad Jave" and "Chogada" from ''[[Loveyatri]]'' and "[[Bolna (song)|Bolna]]" from ''[[Kapoor &amp; Sons]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 May 2020|title=Asees Kaur: We hadn't originally planned to release any music right now|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/asees-kaur-we-hadn-t-originally-planned-to-release-any-music-right-now/story-qWHtwEXvUWPMe6UTuFWuXO.html|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=9 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709092428/https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/asees-kaur-we-hadn-t-originally-planned-to-release-any-music-right-now/story-qWHtwEXvUWPMe6UTuFWuXO.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Asees Kaur {{!}} Episode 7 {{!}} The Love Laugh Live Show with Mandira Bedi {{!}} Full Interview|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/romedy-now/shows/asees-kaur-episode-7-the-love-laugh-live-show-with-mandira-bedi-full-interview/79758|access-date=2020-11-06|website=timesnownews.com|language=en|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109125042/https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/romedy-now/shows/asees-kaur-episode-7-the-love-laugh-live-show-with-mandira-bedi-full-interview/79758|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Check Out New Hindi Hit Lyrical Song Music Video – 'Hasina Pagal Deewani' Sung By Mika Singh and Asees Kaur Featuring Kiara Advani And Aditya Seal {{!}} Hindi Video Songs – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/check-out-new-hindi-hit-lyrical-song-music-video-hasina-pagal-deewani-sung-by-mika-singh-and-asees-kaur-featuring-kiara-advani-and-aditya-seal/videoshow/78892168.cms|access-date=2020-11-06|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124181117/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/check-out-new-hindi-hit-lyrical-song-music-video-hasina-pagal-deewani-sung-by-mika-singh-and-asees-kaur-featuring-kiara-advani-and-aditya-seal/videoshow/78892168.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Asees Kaur was born in [[Panipat]], [[Haryana]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title='Lucky to be born in a free India...': Asees Kaur |work=Hindustan Times |date=15 August 2022 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/lucky-to-be-born-in-a-free-india-dada-dadi-would-tell-me-stories-of-partition-asees-kaur-101660541171525.html |access-date=7 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She developed an interest in singing at a young age and decided to pursue it professionally. She received classical music training under Ustad Puran Shahkoti in [[Jalandhar]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Asees Kaur on autotune: "Every singer is using autotune…" |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=18 July 2022 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/videos/celeb-interviews/asees-kaur-on-autotune-every-singer-is-using-autotune/ |access-date=7 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; She began performing [[Gurbani|Gurbani recitations]] at various events, often accompanied by her siblings.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=5 Bollywood Stars To Discover: Asees Kaur |website=Grammy.com |url=https://grammy.com/news/5-bollywood-singers-filmi-playback-shreya-ghoshal-badshah |access-date=7 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
Kaur later participated in the Punjabi reality show Awaz Punjab Di.&lt;ref name="The New Indian Express"/&gt;<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Asees is known for the song "Ve Maahi" which received widespread attention and appeared on year-end lists.<br />
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 27, 2019 |title=Kesari's Ve Maahi to Kabir Singh's Bekhayali: 10 songs that topped the charts in 2019 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/music/kesari-s-ve-maahi-to-kabir-singh-s-bekhayali-10-songs-that-topped-the-charts-in-2019-574311 |access-date=June 6, 2025 |website=[[India TV]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her singles "Gal Karke" with Desi Music Factory,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Abhishek |date=October 27, 2019 |title=India is listening to Asees Kaur's Gal Karke |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/india-is-listening-to-asees-kaur-gal-karke-6056013/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=June 6, 2025 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; "Kisi Aur Naal" with VYRL Originals, a subsidiary of [[Universal Music India]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Stassen |first=Murray |date=November 10, 2019 |title=How Universal's VYRL Originals is spearheading a non-film music revolution in India |url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/how-universals-vyrl-originals-is-spearheading-a-non-film-music-revolution-in-india/ |access-date=June 6, 2025 |website=Music Business Worldwide}}&lt;/ref&gt; and "Mujhe Jeene De" with Panoctave India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 27, 2020 |title=Asees Kaur's 'Gal Karke' played more than 100 million times on Gaana |url=https://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/200727-asees-kaurs-gal-karke-played-more-100 |access-date=June 6, 2025 |website=Radio and Music}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
In September 2021, Kaur along with Renuka Panwar were featured at [[Times Square]] in New York City for their song "52 Gaj Ka Daman".&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Asees Kaur and Renuka Panwar make it to the Times Square Billboard|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/asees-kaur-and-renuka-panwar-make-it-to-the-times-square-billboard-317352|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-10|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en|archive-date=10 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010104341/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/asees-kaur-and-renuka-panwar-make-it-to-the-times-square-billboard-317352}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 July 2021|title=Asees Kaur isn't one to ever lose hope|url=https://telanganatoday.com/asees-kaur-isnt-one-to-ever-lose-hope|access-date=2021-10-10|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US|archive-date=10 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010104351/https://telanganatoday.com/asees-kaur-isnt-one-to-ever-lose-hope|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
On 18 June 2023, she married Punjabi music composer Goldie Sohel in Mumbai at a [[Gurdwara|Gurudwara]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title='Raatan Lambiyaan' singer Asees Kaur ties knot with composer Goldie Sohel |work=NDTV |date=18 June 2023 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/rataan-lambiyan-singer-asees-kaur-ties-knot-with-composer-goldie-sohel-4131338 |access-date=7 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; On [[World Music Day]] in 2024, she welcomed her first child.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 22, 2024 |title=Singer Asees Kaur and husband Goldie Sohel welcome baby boy on World Music Day |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/singer-asees-kaur-and-husband-goldie-sohel-welcome-baby-boy-on-world-music-day/articleshow/111175694.cms |access-date=June 6, 2025 |website=[[Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=With immense joy and gratitude... |website=Instagram |date=21 June 2024 |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C8e0Ql8i9Dk/ |access-date=7 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
==Discography==<br />
<br />
=== Film songs ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
| style="background:#ffc;"| <br />
| Denotes films that have not yet been released<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Song<br />
! Music<br />
! Lyrics<br />
! Co-singer(s)<br />
! Note<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2015<br />
|''[[Ishqedarriyaan]]''<br />
|"Mohabbat Yeh" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Reprise Version)&lt;/small&gt;<br />
|Bilal Saeed, Bloodline<br />
|[[Bilal Saeed]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Jazbaa]]''<br />
|"Bandeyaa" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Reprise)&lt;/small&gt;<br />
| rowspan="2" |Amjad-Nadeem<br />
|Sanjay Gupta<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Kuch Kuch Locha Hai]]''<br />
|"Na Jaane Kya Tumse Wasta"<br />
|Sanjeev Chaturvedi<br />
|[[Jubin Nautiyal]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2016<br />
|''[[Udta Punjab]]''<br />
|"Ikk Kudi"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Asees Kaur Version)&lt;/small&gt;<br />
|[[Amit Trivedi]]<br />
|Shiv Kumar Batalvi<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[A Flying Jatt]]''<br />
|Bhangda Pa<br />
|[[Sachin–Jigar]]<br />
|[[Mayur Puri]]<br />
|[[Vishal Dadlani]], [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Kapoor &amp; Sons]]''<br />
|"[[Bolna (song)|Bolna]]"<br />
|[[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br />
|Dr. Devender Kafir<br />
|[[Arijit Singh]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Beiimaan Love]]''<br />
|"Rang Reza" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Female)&lt;/small&gt;<br />
|Asad Khan<br />
|Raqueeb Alam<br />
| rowspan="3" |<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" |2017<br />
|''[[Mirza Juuliet]]''<br />
|"Tukda Tukda"<br />
|[[Krsna Solo]]<br />
|[[Sandeep Nath]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Behen Hogi Teri]]''<br />
|"Tenu Na Bol Pawaan" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Reprise)&lt;/small&gt;<br />
|Amjad-Nadeem<br />
|Rohit Sharma<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Munna Michael]]''<br />
|"Beat It Bijuriya"<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br />
|[[Vayu Shrivastav|Vayu]]<br />
|Renesa Baagchi<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Half Girlfriend (film)|Half Girlfriend]]''<br />
|"Baarish" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Asees Kaur Version)&lt;/small&gt;<br />
|Arafat Mehmood, Tanishk Bagchi<br />
|<br />
|Not included in the album; released separately<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Dobaara: See Your Evil]]''<br />
|"Kaari Kaari"<br />
| colspan="3" |[[Arko Pravo Mukherjee|Arko]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Shaadi Mein Zaroor Aana]]''<br />
|"Tu Banja Gali Benaras Ki"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Asees Kaur Version)&lt;/small&gt;<br />
|Rashid Khan<br />
|Shakeel Azmi<br />
| rowspan="4" |<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="11" |2018<br />
|''[[Aiyaary]]''<br />
|"Lae Dooba"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Version 2)&lt;/small&gt;<br />
|[[Rochak Kohli]]<br />
|[[Manoj Muntashir]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''Piya Re''<br />
|"Piya Re"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Female)&lt;/small&gt;<br />
|[[Jeet Gannguli]]<br />
|Priyo Chattopadhay<br />
|Bengali<br />
|-<br />
|''[[High Jack (film)|High Jack]]''<br />
|"Prabhu Ji"<br />
|[[Anurag Saikia]]<br />
|Akarsh Khurana<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |''[[Loveyatri]]''<br />
|Chogada<br />
|Lijo George – DJ Chetas<br />
|[[Darshan Raval]], [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]<br />
|[[Darshan Raval]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Akh Lad Jaave<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br />
|Tanishk Bagchi, Badshah<br />
|[[Jubin Nautiyal]], [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Tera Hua &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Unplugged)&lt;/small&gt;<br />
|[[Manoj Muntashir]]<br />
|[[Atif Aslam]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Bhaiaji Superhit]]''<br />
|"Sleepy Sleepy Akhiyan"<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Jeet Gannguli]]<br />
|[[Kumaar]]<br />
|Yasser Desai<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Marudhar Express (film)|Marudhar Express]]''<br />
|Mirza Ve&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Female)&lt;/small&gt;<br />
|[[Manoj Muntashir]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Kedarnath (film)|Kedarnath]]''<br />
|Jaan Nisaar &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Version 2)&lt;/small&gt;<br />
|[[Amit Trivedi]]<br />
|[[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[Simmba]]''<br />
|Tere Bin&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Remake)&lt;/small&gt;<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Rashmi Virag]]<br />
|[[Rahat Fateh Ali Khan]]<br />
|Original composition by [[Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan]]<br />
|-<br />
|Bandeya Re Bandeya<br />
|[[Arijit Singh]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="9" |2019<br />
|''[[Notebook (2019 film)|Notebook]]''<br />
|Nai Lagda<br />
|[[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]<br />
|Akshay Tripathi<br />
|[[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Gone Kesh]]''<br />
|Bibi<br />
|Kanish Sharma<br />
|Dr. Devender Kafir<br />
|[[Shahid Mallya]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Kesari (2019 film)|Kesari]]''<br />
|Ve Maahi<br />
| colspan="2" |[[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br />
|[[Arijit Singh]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Article 15 (film)|Article 15]]''<br />
|Intezari &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Asees Kaur Version)&lt;/small&gt;<br />
|[[Anurag Saikia]]<br />
|[[Shakeel Azmi]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Drive (2019 film)|Drive]]''<br />
|Makhna<br />
|[[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br />
|Ozil Dalal, Tanishk Bagchi<br />
|Yasser Desai, [[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br />
|[[Netflix]] film<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Bala (2019 film)|Bala]]''<br />
|Pyaar Toh Tha<br />
|[[Sachin–Jigar]]<br />
|[[Priya Saraiya]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Jubin Nautiyal]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Pagalpanti (2019 film)|Pagalpanti]]''<br />
|Bimar Dil<br />
|[[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Pati Patni Aur Woh (2019 film)|Pati, Patni Aur Woh]]''<br />
|Ankhiyon Se Goli Maare Returns<br />
|Lijo George – DJ Chetas<br />
|[[Dev Negi]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Good Newwz]]''<br />
|Chandigarh Mein<br />
|[[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br />
|Tanishk Bagchi, Badshah<br />
|[[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]], [[Harrdy Sandhu]], [[Lisa Mishra]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="11" |2020<br />
| rowspan="3" |''[[Panga (film)|Panga]]''<br />
|Dil Ne Kaha<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Javed Akhtar]]<br />
|[[Shahid Mallya]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Dil Ne Kaha (Reprise)<br />
|[[Jassi Gill]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Wahi Hain Raste<br />
|Mohan Kanan<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |''[[Happy Hardy and Heer]]''<br />
|Aadat<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Himesh Reshammiya]]<br />
|Shabbir Ahmed<br />
|[[Himesh Reshammiya]], [[Rabbi Shergill]], Ranu Mondal<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Ishqbaaziyaan<br />
|[[Sonia Kapoor]]<br />
|[[Jubin Nautiyal]], [[Harshdeep Kaur]], [[Alamgir Khan (singer)|Alamgir Khan]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Le Jaana<br />
|[[Kumaar]]<br />
|[[Himesh Reshammiya]], [[Navraj Hans]], [[Harshdeep Kaur]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Malang (film)|Malang]]''<br />
|Hui Malang<br />
|Ved Sharma<br />
|[[Kunaal Vermaa]], [[Haarsh Limbachiyaa]]<br />
|<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer]] – Winner<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[Khuda Haafiz]]''<br />
|Jaan Ban Gaye<br />
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |[[Mithoon]]<br />
|[[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]], [[Mithoon]]<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Disney Plus Hotstar]] film<br />
|-<br />
|Jaan Ban Gaye (Reprise)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Chhalaang]]''<br />
|Deedar De<br />
|[[Vishal–Shekhar]]<br />
|Panchhi Jalonvi<br />
|[[Dev Negi]]<br />
|[[Amazon Prime Video]] film<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Indoo Ki Jawani]]''<br />
|Hasina Pagal Deewani<br />
|[[Mika Singh]]<br />
|[[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="8" |2021<br />
|[[Roohi (2021 film)|''Roohi'']]<br />
|Panghat<br />
|[[Sachin–Jigar]]<br />
|[[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]<br />
|[[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]], [[Sachin–Jigar]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Shershaah]]''<br />
|Raataan Lambiyan<br />
| colspan="2" |[[Tanishk Bagchi|Tanisk Bagchi]]<br />
|[[Jubin Nautiyal]]<br />
|[[Amazon Prime Video]] film&lt;br/&gt;[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer]] – Winner<br />
|-<br />
|[[Bell Bottom (2021 film)|''Bell Bottom'']]<br />
|Marjaawaan<br />
| colspan="3" |Gurnazar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Haseen Dilruba]]''<br />
|Lakireen<br />
|[[Amit Trivedi]]<br />
|Sidhant Mago<br />
|Devendra Pal Singh<br />
|[[Netflix]] film<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Qismat 2]]''<br />
|Paagla<br />
|[[B Praak]]<br />
|[[Jaani (songwriter)|Jaani]]<br />
|<br />
|Punjabi film<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Hum Do Hamare Do]]''<br />
|Bansuri<br />
|[[Sachin–Jigar]]<br />
|[[Shelle]]<br />
|<br />
|[[Disney Plus Hotstar]] film<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tadap (2021 film)|''Tadap'']]<br />
|Tere Siva Jag Mein (Reprise)<br />
|[[Pritam]]<br />
|[[Irshad Kamil]], Sholke Laal<br />
|[[Mohammed Irfan (singer)|Mohammed Irfan]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Velle (film)|''Velle'']]<br />
|Yaaron Ka Bulaava<br />
|[[Rochak Kohli]]<br />
|[[Vayu]]<br />
|[[Armaan Malik]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" |2022<br />
|''[[Janhit Mein Jaari]]''<br />
|"Chali Re Bazaar"<br />
|Sadhu Sushil Tiwari<br />
|Niket Pandey, Sadhu Sushil Tiwari<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Jugjugg Jeeyo]]''<br />
|"Nain Ta Heere"<br />
|Vishal Shelke<br />
|[[Kumaar]], Ghulam Mohd. Khavar<br />
|[[Guru Randhawa]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Khuda Haafiz: Chapter II - Agni Pariksha|''Khuda Haafiz 2'']]<br />
|"Chaiyaan Mein Saiyaan Ki"<br />
|[[Mithoon]]<br />
|Mithoon, [[Faruk Kabir]]<br />
|[[Jubin Nautiyal]], Keshav Anand<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Rubaru"<br />
|[[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]<br />
|[[Manoj Muntashir]]<br />
|Vishal Mishra, Niazi Nizami Brothers<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Babli Bouncer]]''<br />
|"Mad Banke"<br />
|[[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br />
|[[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]<br />
|[[Romy]]<br />
|[[Disney Plus Hotstar]] film<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Maja Ma]]''<br />
|"Kacchi Doriyaan"<br />
| colspan="2" |Anurag Sharma<br />
|[[Arijit Singh]]<br />
|[[Amazon Prime Video]] film<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=9|2023<br />
|''[[Sirf Ek Bandaa Kaafi Hai]]''<br />
| "Sahara Mera"<br />
| [[Sangeet-Siddharth]]<br />
| Garima Obrah<br />
| Sangeet-Siddharth<br />
|[[Zee5]] film<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| ''[[Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani]]''<br />
| "Ve Kamleya (Sufi Version)"<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Pritam]]<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]<br />
| [[Shadab Faridi]], Altamash Faridi<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| "Ve Kamleya (Reprise)"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| ''[[Gadar 2]]''<br />
| "Tuk Tuk Tenu" <br />
|rowspan=2|[[Monty Sharma]]<br />
|rowspan=2|Sunil Sirvaiya <br />
| <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| "Babul"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| ''[[Bad Boy (2023 film)|Bad Boy]]''<br />
|"Insta Vich Story"<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Himesh Reshammiya]]<br />
|[[Kumaar]]<br />
|Himesh Reshammiya, [[Aditi Singh Sharma]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Saajnaa"<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Fukrey 3]]''<br />
| "Ve Fukrey"<br />
| [[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br />
| [[Dev Negi]], Romy<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aankh Micholi]]''<br />
| "Kaleja Kad Ke"<br />
| [[Sachin-Jigar]]<br />
| [[Sachin-Jigar|Jigar Saraiya]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=5|2024<br />
| ''[[Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya]]''<br />
| "Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya (Title Track)"<br />
|[[Tanishk Bagchi]], Raghav<br />
|Tanishk Bagchi<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Raghav]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Murder Mubarak]]''<br />
| "Killer Killer"<br />
|Sachin-Jigar <br />
|[[Priya Saraiya]]<br />
|[[Netflix]] film<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Crew (film)|Crew]]''<br />
| "Darbadar"<br />
| Akshay-IP <br />
| IP Singh <br />
|[[B Praak]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Ishq Vishk Rebound]]''<br />
| "Chot Dil Pe Lagi"<br />
| [[Rochak Kohli]]<br />
| Gurpreet Saini<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Varun Jain]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Kahan Shuru Kahan Khatam]]''<br />
|"Rang Udaye"<br />
| [[Sandeep Shirodkar]]<br />
|[[Kumaar]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3|2025<br />
|''[[Fateh (2025 film)|Fateh]]''<br />
|"Heer" <br />
|[[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]<br />
|Shabbir Ahmed, Ajay Pal Sharma <br />
|[[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Sunny Sanskari Ki Tulsi Kumari]]''<br />
|"Bijuria"<br />
|Tanishk Bagchi, Ravi Pawar <br />
| Sonu Nigam, Tanishk Bagchi, Ajay Jhingran<br />
| [[Sonu Nigam]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Andaaz 2]]''<br />
| "Rabba Ishq Na Hove 2.0"<br />
| Nadeem Saifi<br />
| Sameer Anjaan<br />
|Palak Muchhal, Shadab Faridi<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2026<br />
|''[[Ikkis]]''<br />
| "Sajda"<br />
|[[Sachin-Jigar|White Noise Collectives]]<br />
|Amitabh Bhattacharya <br />
|Vishal Mishra <br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Non-film songs ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
| style="background:#ffc;"| <br />
| Denotes songs that have not yet been released<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Album/Single<br />
! Song<br />
! Co-singer(s)<br />
! Music<br />
! Lyrics<br />
! Note<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|''TBA''<br />
|<br />
|"Wadi Teri Wadeyai"<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|"Kar Kirpa Meloh Ram"<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|"Sakhiyo Saheladio"<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2011<br />
|''Daata Oh Na Mangiye''<br />
|"Daata Oh Na Mangiye"<br />
|Deedar Kaur<br />
|Master Saleem<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2014<br />
|''[[Tamanchey]]''<br />
|"Dildara Reprise"<br />
|colspan="3"|[[Arko Pravo Mukherjee|Arko]]<br />
|Not included in the album; released separately; Bollywood debut<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5"|2016<br />
|''[[Ishqedarriyaan]]''<br />
|"Judaa (Asees Kaur Version)" <br />
|<br />
|[[Jaidev Kumar]]<br />
|[[Kumaar]]<br />
|rowspan="3"|Not included in the respective albums; released separately<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Holiday: A Soldier Is Never Off Duty|Holiday]]''<br />
|"Ashq Na Ho (Asees Kaur Version)" <br />
|<br />
|[[Pritam]]<br />
|[[Irshad Kamil]]<br />
|-<br />
|''[[ABCD 2]]''<br />
|"Chunar (Asees Kaur Version)" <br />
|<br />
|[[Sachin–Jigar]]<br />
|[[Mayur Puri]]<br />
|-<br />
|''Tu Jo Paas Mere – Duet''<br />
|"Tu Jo Paas Mere – Duet" <br />
|colspan="3"|[[Krsna Solo]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''Yaara Ve''<br />
|"Yaara Ve"<br />
|<br />
|[[Krsna Solo]]<br />
|[[Raj Shekhar]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2017<br />
|''Khaab''<br />
|"Khaab (Cover)" <br />
|<br />
|[[Akhil (singer)|Akhil]], Bob<br />
|Raja<br />
|Original song by [[Akhil (singer)|Akhil]]<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Agar Tum Saath Ho]]''<br />
|"Main Kamli Ho"<br />
| colspan="3" |TBA<br />
|on [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" |2019<br />
|''[[Gal Karke]]''<br />
|"[[Gal Karke]]"<br />
|<br />
|[[Rajat Nagpal]]<br />
|[[Babbu Maan]]<br />
|Female version&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Punjabi Song 'Gal Karke' Sung By Asees Kaur {{!}} Punjabi Video Songs – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/latest-punjabi-song-gal-karke-sung-by-asees-kaur/videoshow/71439595.cms|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-17|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421175440/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/latest-punjabi-song-gal-karke-sung-by-asees-kaur/videoshow/71439595.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Tujhe Kaise, Pata Na Chala''<br />
|"Tujhe Kaise, Pata Na Chala"<br />
|colspan="2"|[[Meet Bros]]<br />
|[[Kumaar]]<br />
|Featuring Ritika Badiani&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Latest Hindi Song Tujhe Kaise, Pata Na Chala Sung By Asees Kaur {{!}} Hindi Video Songs – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/latest-hindi-song-tujhe-kaise-pata-na-chala-sung-by-asees-kaur/videoshow/67992352.cms|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=17 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917020039/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/latest-hindi-song-tujhe-kaise-pata-na-chala-sung-by-asees-kaur/videoshow/67992352.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Choodiyan''<br />
|"Choodiyan"<br />
|[[Dev Negi]]<br />
|[[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br />
|[[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]<br />
|Featuring [[Jackky Bhagnani]] and Dytto&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Latest Hindi Song Choodiyan Sung By Dev Negi And Asees Kaur Featuring Jackky Bhagnani And Dytto {{!}} Hindi Video Songs – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/latest-hindi-song-choodiyan-sung-by-dev-negi-and-asees-kaur-featuring-jackky-bhagnani-and-dytto/videoshow/71145538.cms|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928042150/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/latest-hindi-song-choodiyan-sung-by-dev-negi-and-asees-kaur-featuring-jackky-bhagnani-and-dytto/videoshow/71145538.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Kisi Aur Naal ''<br />
|"Kisi Aur Naal"<br />
|<br />
|Goldie Sohel<br />
|Goldie Sohel, Kunaal Vermaa<br />
|Featuring Awez Darbar and Nagma Mirajkar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Latest Hindi Song 'Kisi Aur Naal' Sung By Asees Kaur {{!}} Hindi Video Songs – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/latest-hindi-song-kisi-aur-naal-sung-by-asees-kaur/videoshow/71347476.cms|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928042151/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/latest-hindi-song-kisi-aur-naal-sung-by-asees-kaur/videoshow/71347476.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Naino Tale''<br />
|"Naino Tale"<br />
| colspan="2" |Shivang Mathur<br />
|Shayra Apoorva<br />
|Featuring [[Jannat Zubair Rahmani]] and Manish Tyagi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Latest Hindi Song 'Naino Tale' Sung By Asees Kaur &amp; Shivang Mathur {{!}} Hindi Video Songs – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/latest-hindi-song-naino-tale-sung-by-asees-kaur-shivang-mathur/videoshow/71199659.cms|access-date=2021-10-17|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=17 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017071235/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/latest-hindi-song-naino-tale-sung-by-asees-kaur-shivang-mathur/videoshow/71199659.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Intezaar''<br />
|"Intezaar"<br />
|[[Arijit Singh]]<br />
| colspan="2" |[[Mithoon]]<br />
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Latest Hindi Song 2020 'Intezaar' Sung By Asees Kaur {{!}} Hindi Video Songs – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/latest-hindi-song-2020-intezaar-sung-by-asees-kaur/videoshow/74932945.cms|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=27 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927191844/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/latest-hindi-song-2020-intezaar-sung-by-asees-kaur/videoshow/74932945.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="8" |2020<br />
|''Baat Nahi Karni''<br />
|"Baat Nahi Karni"<br />
| colspan="3" |Goldie Sohel<br />
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Asees Kaur and Goldie Sohel team up for 'Baat Nahi Karni'|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/200507-asees-kaur-and-goldie-sohel-team-baat-nahi|access-date=2021-09-27|website=radioandmusic.com|language=en|archive-date=27 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927174400/http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/200507-asees-kaur-and-goldie-sohel-team-baat-nahi|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Viah Nai Karauna''<br />
|"Viah Nai Karauna"<br />
|<br />
|[[Rajat Nagpal]]<br />
|Babbu<br />
|Featuring [[Dheeraj Dhoopar]] and [[Shraddha Arya]]{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}<br />
|-<br />
|''Wanga Kaaliyan''<br />
|"Wanga Kaaliyan"<br />
|<br />
|Sunnyvik<br />
|Raj Fatehpur<br />
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Asees Kaur's latest single Wanga Kaaliyan will uplift your mood|url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2020/jun/12/asees-kaurs-latest-single-wanga-kaaliyan-will-uplift-your-mood-25547.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=indulgexpress.com|date=12 June 2020 |language=en|archive-date=27 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927174353/https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2020/jun/12/asees-kaurs-latest-single-wanga-kaaliyan-will-uplift-your-mood-25547.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Saari Ki Saari 2.0''<br />
|"Saari Ki Saari 2.0"<br />
| colspan="3" |[[Darshan Raval]]<br />
|{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Pachtaoge]]'' ''(Female Version)'' <br />
|"[[Pachtaoge]]" (Female Version)<br />
|<br />
|[[B Praak]]<br />
|[[Jaani (songwriter)|Jaani]]<br />
|Featuring [[Nora Fatehi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Asees Kaur on Singing Female Version of Pachtaoge Featuring Nora Fatehi|url=https://www.india.com/video-gallery/asees-kaur-on-singing-female-version-of-pachtaoge-featuring-nora-fatehi-4124635/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-17|website=India News, Breaking News {{!}} India.com|language=en|archive-date=17 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917140413/https://www.india.com/video-gallery/asees-kaur-on-singing-female-version-of-pachtaoge-featuring-nora-fatehi-4124635/}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Mujhe Jeene De ''<br />
|"Mujhe Jeene De"<br />
|<br />
|colspan="2"|Krsna Solo <br />
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Asees Kaur: I'm trying to play keyboard along with my songs amid lockdown|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/200407-asees-kaur-im-trying-play-keyboard-along-my|access-date=2021-09-27|website=radioandmusic.com|language=en|archive-date=27 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927174401/http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/200407-asees-kaur-im-trying-play-keyboard-along-my|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Tu Lagdi Ferrari''<br />
|"Tu Lagdi Ferrari"<br />
|Romy<br />
| colspan="2" |[[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br />
|Featuring [[Arradhya Maan|Arradhya Mann]] and Amy Aela&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Watch New Punjabi Trending Song Music Video – 'Tu Lagdi Ferrari' Sung By Romy And Asees Kaur Featuring Arradhya Maan &amp; Amy Aela {{!}} Punjabi Video Songs – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/watch-new-punjabi-trending-song-music-video-tu-lagdi-ferrari-sung-by-romy-and-asees-kaur-featuring-arradhya-maan-amy-aela/videoshow/80028417.cms|access-date=2021-09-17|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=7 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307012233/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/watch-new-punjabi-trending-song-music-video-tu-lagdi-ferrari-sung-by-romy-and-asees-kaur-featuring-arradhya-maan-amy-aela/videoshow/80028417.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Yaarian''<br />
|"Yaarian"<br />
|[[Jass Manak]]<br />
|[[Jass Manak]], [[Rajat Nagpal]]<br />
|Jass Manak<br />
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Check Out Latest Punjabi Song Music Video – 'Yaarian' Sung By Jass Manak {{!}} Punjabi Video Songs – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/check-out-latest-punjabi-song-music-video-yaarian-sung-by-jass-manak/videoshow/77700188.cms|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=27 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927191845/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/check-out-latest-punjabi-song-music-video-yaarian-sung-by-jass-manak/videoshow/77700188.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="12" |2021<br />
|''Goli Maar De''<br />
|"Goli Maar De"<br />
|<br />
|[[Rajat Nagpal]]<br />
|Vicky Sandhu<br />
|Featuring Nita Shilimkar and Rohit Zinjurke&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Watch Latest 2021 Punjabi Song 'Goli Maar De' Sung By Asees Kaur {{!}} Punjabi Video Songs – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/watch-latest-2021-punjabi-song-goli-maar-de-sung-by-asees-kaur/videoshow/81187533.cms|access-date=2021-09-17|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=15 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915172944/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/watch-latest-2021-punjabi-song-goli-maar-de-sung-by-asees-kaur/videoshow/81187533.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Pani Di Gal''<br />
|"Pani Di Gal"<br />
| colspan="3" |[[Maninder Buttar]]<br />
|Featuring [[Jasmin Bhasin]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Maninder Buttar and Jasmin Bhasin paint a sweet tale of love with 'Pani Di Gal' – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/maninder-buttar-and-jasmin-bhasin-paint-a-sweet-tale-of-love-with-pani-di-gal/articleshow/81826915.cms|access-date=2021-09-17|website=The Times of India|date=April 2021 |language=en|archive-date=23 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923154117/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/maninder-buttar-and-jasmin-bhasin-paint-a-sweet-tale-of-love-with-pani-di-gal/articleshow/81826915.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Galat''<br />
|"Galat"<br />
|<br />
|Sunnyvik<br />
|Raj Fatehpur<br />
|Featuring [[Rubina Dilaik]] and [[Paras Chhabra]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Check Out New Punjabi Trending Song Music Video – 'Galat' Sung By Asees Kaur {{!}} Punjabi Video Songs – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/check-out-new-punjabi-trending-song-music-video-galat-sung-by-asees-kaur/videoshow/81944517.cms|access-date=2021-09-17|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=17 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917140415/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/check-out-new-punjabi-trending-song-music-video-galat-sung-by-asees-kaur/videoshow/81944517.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Madhanya''<br />
|"Madhanya"<br />
|[[Rahul Vaidya]]<br />
|Lijo George and DJ Chetas<br />
| [[Kumaar]]<br />
| Featuring [[Disha Parmar]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Watch Latest 2021 Punjabi Song 'Madhanya' Sung By Rahul Vaidya &amp; Asees Kaur {{!}} Punjabi Video Songs – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/watch-latest-2021-punjabi-song-madhanya-sung-by-rahul-vaidya-asees-kaur/videoshow/82131395.cms|access-date=2021-09-17|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=17 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917140413/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/watch-latest-2021-punjabi-song-madhanya-sung-by-rahul-vaidya-asees-kaur/videoshow/82131395.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Aaya Jado Da''<br />
|"Aaya Jado Da"<br />
|<br />
|[[Abhijit Vaghani]]<br />
|Nirmaan<br />
|Featuring [[Aparshakti Khurana]] and [[Parul Gulati]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Watch Latest 2021 Punjabi Lyrical Song 'Aaya Jado Da' Sung By Asees Kaur Feat Aparshakti Khurana and Parul Gulati {{!}} Punjabi Video Songs – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/watch-latest-2021-punjabi-lyrical-song-aaya-jado-da-sung-by-asees-kaur-feat-aparshakti-khurana-and-parul-gulati/videoshow/84701382.cms|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=28 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928042153/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/watch-latest-2021-punjabi-lyrical-song-aaya-jado-da-sung-by-asees-kaur-feat-aparshakti-khurana-and-parul-gulati/videoshow/84701382.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Meri Pukaar Suno''<br />
|"Meri Pukaar Suno"<br />
|[[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[K.S. Chithra]], [[Alka Yagnik]], [[Sadhana Sargam]], [[Shashaa Tirupati]], [[Armaan Malik]]<br />
|[[A.R. Rahman]]<br />
|[[Gulzar]]<br />
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=27 June 2021|title=AR Rahman, Gulzar collaborate with Bollywood's star singers for Meri Pukaar Suno, an ode to Mother Earth|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/rahman-gulzar-meri-pukar-suno-an-ode-to-mother-earth-7377247/|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=27 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927174351/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/rahman-gulzar-meri-pukar-suno-an-ode-to-mother-earth-7377247/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''52 Gaj Ka Daman''<br />
|"52 Gaj Ka Daman"<br />
|Renuka Panwar<br />
|Aman Jaji and Mukesh Jaji<br />
|Shloke Lal<br />
|Hindi version of original Haryanvi song "52 Gaj Ka Daman"&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=सुपरहिट गाना '52 Gaj Ka Daman' का हिंदी वर्जन लाएंगी ये सिंगर, Renuka Panwar भी हैं शामिल|url=https://www.india.com/hindi-news/entertainment-hindi/asees-kaur-renuka-panwar-to-sing-hindi-version-of-haryanvi-single-52-gaj-ka-daman-song-releases-tomorrow-4878465/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-14|website=India News {{!}} India.com|language=hi|archive-date=14 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814042559/https://www.india.com/hindi-news/entertainment-hindi/asees-kaur-renuka-panwar-to-sing-hindi-version-of-haryanvi-single-52-gaj-ka-daman-song-releases-tomorrow-4878465/}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Disco Balma''<br />
|"Disco Balma"<br />
|Mellow D<br />
|[[Sachin–Jigar]]<br />
|IP Singh<br />
|Featuring [[Mouni Roy]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=मौनी रॉय का नया गाना 'Disco Balma' रिलीज, देखते रह जाएंगे एक्ट्रेस का नया अंदाज|url=https://ndtv.in/bollywood/mouni-roys-new-song-disco-balma-released-will-be-watching-the-new-style-of-the-actress-2543960|access-date=2021-09-17|website=NDTVIndia|archive-date=17 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917140415/https://ndtv.in/bollywood/mouni-roys-new-song-disco-balma-released-will-be-watching-the-new-style-of-the-actress-2543960|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Tera Hona Aaya''<br />
|"Tera Hona Aaya"<br />
|[[Rochak Kohli]]<br />
|Rochak Kohli<br />
|Gurpreet Saini, Gautam Govind Sharma<br />
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Check Out New Hindi Hit Song Music Video – 'Tera Hona Aaya' Sung By Rochak Kohli and Asees Kaur {{!}} Hindi Video Songs – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/check-out-new-hindi-hit-song-music-video-tera-hona-aaya-sung-by-rochak-kohli-and-asees-kaur/videoshow/86392036.cms|access-date=2021-09-27|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=27 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927174351/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/check-out-new-hindi-hit-song-music-video-tera-hona-aaya-sung-by-rochak-kohli-and-asees-kaur/videoshow/86392036.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Makhna (Drive)''<br />
|"Makhna Dance Mix"<br />
(Remix by Emenes)<br />
|[[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Yasser Desai]]<br />
|Tanishk Bagchi<br />
|Ozil Dalal, Tanishk Bagchi<br />
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Watch Hindi Hit Song Music Video – 'Makhna Dance Mix' Sung By Tanishk Bagchi, Yasser Desai &amp; Asees Kaur Featuring Sushant Singh Rajput &amp; Jacqueline Fernandez {{!}} Hindi Video Songs – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/watch-hindi-hit-song-music-video-makhna-dance-mix-sung-by-tanishk-bagchi-yasser-desai-asees-kaur-featuring-sushant-singh-rajput-jacqueline-fernandez/videoshow/86677369.cms|access-date=2021-10-03|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=3 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003141210/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/watch-hindi-hit-song-music-video-makhna-dance-mix-sung-by-tanishk-bagchi-yasser-desai-asees-kaur-featuring-sushant-singh-rajput-jacqueline-fernandez/videoshow/86677369.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Pardesi''<br />
|"Pardesi"<br />
| colspan="3" |[[Arko Pravo Mukherjee]]<br />
|Featuring [[Sunny Leone]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Watch Latest Hindi Song Music Video – 'Pardesi' Sung By Arko &amp; Asees Kaur {{!}} Hindi Video Songs – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/pardesi-sunny-leone-arko-ft-asees-kaur-zee-music-originals/videoshow/87014566.cms|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-14|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=29 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029064458/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/pardesi-sunny-leone-arko-ft-asees-kaur-zee-music-originals/videoshow/87014566.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Apsraa''<br />
|"Apsraa"<br />
| colspan="3" |[[Jaani (songwriter)|Jaani]]<br />
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=14 October 2021|title=Jaani and Asees Kaur's new song is sure to blow your minds|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/jaani-and-asees-kaurs-new-song-is-sure-to-blow-your-minds|access-date=2021-10-16|website=PTC Punjabi|archive-date=16 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016103344/https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/jaani-and-asees-kaurs-new-song-is-sure-to-blow-your-minds|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="8" |2022<br />
|''Babul Da Vehda''<br />
|"Babul Da Vehda"<br />
|<br />
|[[Meet Bros]]<br />
|Kumaar<br />
|Featuring [[Divyanka Tripathi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 January 2022|title=Babul Da Vehda: Divyanka Tripathi Dahiya depicts the pain of a daughter during bidaai|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/babul-da-vehda-divyanka-tripathi-dahiya-depicts-the-pain-of-a-daughter-during-bidaai-7707822/|access-date=2022-01-10|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=10 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110063626/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/babul-da-vehda-divyanka-tripathi-dahiya-depicts-the-pain-of-a-daughter-during-bidaai-7707822/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Ik Mili Mainu Apsraa''<br />
|"Ik Mili Mainu Apsraa"<br />
| colspan="2" |[[B Praak]]<br />
|[[Jaani (songwriter)|Jaani]]<br />
|Featuring [[Sandeepa Dhar]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ik Mili Mainu Apsraa: B Praak gives a dancing twist to Jaani's 'Apsraa' – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/ik-mili-mainu-apsraa-b-praak-gives-a-dancing-twist-to-jaanis-apsraa/articleshow/88930343.cms|access-date=2022-02-15|website=The Times of India|date=16 January 2022 |language=en|archive-date=16 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216080413/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/ik-mili-mainu-apsraa-b-praak-gives-a-dancing-twist-to-jaanis-apsraa/articleshow/88930343.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Kashmiri Apple''<br />
|"Kashmiri Apple"<br />
|<br />
|Harmony<br />
|Youngveer<br />
|Featuring [[Paras Chhabra|Paras Chhbra]] and Mahira Sharma&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='Kashmiri Apple' Sung By Asees Kaur {{!}} Punjabi Video Songs – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/check-out-latest-punjabi-song-music-video-kashmiri-apple-sung-by-asees-kaur/videoshow/89563489.cms|access-date=2022-02-15|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=15 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215121424/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/check-out-latest-punjabi-song-music-video-kashmiri-apple-sung-by-asees-kaur/videoshow/89563489.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |''Mashooka''<br />
|"Mashooka"<br />
|[[Dev Negi]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br />
|Ullumanati, [[Yash Narvekar]]<br />
|Featuring [[Rakul Preet Singh]]; Hindi song&lt;ref name="Khan"&gt;{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Tahira |date=26 July 2022 |title=Rakul Preet Singh's peppy first Pan-India song 'Mashooka' out now |url=https://zeenews.india.com/music/rakul-preet-singhs-peppy-first-pan-india-song-mashooka-out-now-watch-video-2489804.html |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=[[Zee News]] |language=en |archive-date=27 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727164828/https://zeenews.india.com/music/rakul-preet-singhs-peppy-first-pan-india-song-mashooka-out-now-watch-video-2489804.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|"Mashooka"<br />
| rowspan="2" |Aditya Iyengar<br />
|[[Ramajogayya Sastry]]<br />
|Featuring [[Rakul Preet Singh]]; Telugu song&lt;ref name="Khan"/&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|"Mashooka"<br />
|[[Madhan Karky]]<br />
|Featuring [[Rakul Preet Singh]]; Tamil song&lt;ref name="Khan"/&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Kesariyo Rang''<br />
|"Kesariyo Rang"<br />
|[[Dev Negi]]<br />
|Lijo George, DJ Chetas<br />
|[[Kumaar]]<br />
|Featuring [[Avneet Kaur]] and [[Shantanu Maheshwari]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 September 2022 |title=Shantanu Maheshwari, Avneet Kaur All Set To Make You Dance to the Tune Of 'Kesariyo Rang' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/shantanu-maheshwari-avneet-kaur-all-set-to-make-you-dance-to-the-tune-of-kesariyo-rang--news-224242 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921102911/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/shantanu-maheshwari-avneet-kaur-all-set-to-make-you-dance-to-the-tune-of-kesariyo-rang--news-224242 |archive-date=21 September 2022 |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=Outlook India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|''Kaali Car''<br />
|&lt;nowiki&gt;''Kaali Car''&lt;/nowiki&gt;<br />
|[[Raftaar]]<br />
|White Hill Beats<br />
|[[Happy Raikoti]]<br />
|Featuring herself, [[Amyra Dastur]] and [[Raftaar]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=अमायरा ने बिखेरा हुस्न का जलवा, हिट हुआ काली कार |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/videos/haryanvi/raftaar-asees-k-ft-amyra-d-kaali-car-1-6543480 |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=Hindustan |language=hindi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Accolades==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! | Year<br />
! | Award<br />
! | Song<br />
! | Film<br />
! | Title <br />
! | Result<br />
! | Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2 | [[9th Mirchi Music Awards|2016]]<br />
| rowspan=2 | [[Mirchi Music Awards]]<br />
| "[[Bolna (song)|Bolna]]"<br />
| ''[[Kapoor &amp; Sons]]''<br />
| rowspan=2 | [[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Female Vocalist of The Year|Upcoming Female Vocalist of The Year]]<br />
| {{win}}<br />
| rowspan=2 |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2016/nominations/|title=MMA Mirchi Music Awards|website=MMAMirchiMusicAwards|access-date=24 March 2018|archive-date=29 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102232/http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2016/nominations/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2016/winners/|title=MMA Mirchi Music Awards|website=MMAMirchiMusicAwards|access-date=24 March 2018|archive-date=2 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702105444/http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2016/winners/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
| "Rang Reza"<br />
| ''[[Beiimaan Love]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|[[66th Filmfare Awards]]<br />
|"Hui Malang"<br />
|[[Malang (film)|''Malang'']]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]<br />
| {{win}}<br />
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=28 March 2021|title=Winners of the 66th Vimal Elaichi Filmfare Awards 2021|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/winners-of-the-66th-vimal-elachi-filmfare-awards-2021_-47314.html|url-status=live|website=[[Filmfare]]|access-date=2 April 2021|archive-date=28 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328014716/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/winners-of-the-66th-vimal-elachi-filmfare-awards-2021_-47314.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2 | 2022<br />
|[[IIFA Awards]]<br />
| rowspan=2 | "Raatan Lambiyan"<br />
| rowspan=2 | ''[[Shershaah]]''<br />
|[[IIFA Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IIFA Awards 2022 complete list of winners: Vicky Kaushal, Kriti Sanon win top acting honours |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-iifa-awards-2022-complete-list-of-winners-vicky-kaushal-kriti-sanon-win-top-acting-honours-2958025 |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=DNA India |language=en |archive-date=5 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605054602/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-iifa-awards-2022-complete-list-of-winners-vicky-kaushal-kriti-sanon-win-top-acting-honours-2958025 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
|-<br />
|[[67th Filmfare Awards]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|6024741|Asees Kaur}}<br />
<br />
{{Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaur, Asees}}<br />
[[Category:1988 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]<br />
[[Category:Women musicians from Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Singers from Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:People from Panipat]]<br />
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krithika_Sureshbabu&diff=510880Krithika Sureshbabu2026-01-05T22:13:07Z<p>Ranehospital: started info...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian basketball player (born 2002)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}<br />
<br />
'''Krithika Sureshbabu''' (born 12 November 2002)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-25 |title=Krithika Sureshbabu (India) - Basketball Stats, Height, Age {{!}} FIBA Basketball |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/players/388874-krithika-sureshbabu#career-stats |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=www.fiba.basketball |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian [[basketball]] player from [[Tamil Nadu]]. She plays for the [[India women's national basketball team]] as a center. She plays for Tamil Nadu in the domestic tournaments.<br />
<br />
== Early life and career ==<br />
Krithika is from Chennai, Tamil Nadu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Know Your Squad: Indian women's basketball team for SABA Women's Championship 2025 |url=https://khelnow.com/basketball/saba-womens-championship-2025-india-squad-facts-202502#google_vignette |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Khel Now |language=en-us}}</ref><br />
<br />
In February 2025, she is selected for the Indian team to play the [[2025 SABA Women's Championship|3rd South Asian Basketball Association Women's Championship 2025]] qualifiers at [[New Delhi]] from 23 to 26 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2025 |title=Sreekala to lead Team India in SABA qualifiers, two other Keralites in squad |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/other-sports/2025/02/20/saba-qualifiers-three-kerala-basketball-players-india-squad-sreekala-captain.html |access-date=25 February 2025 |website=OnManorama.com |language=en}}</ref> The Indian team played [[Maldives women's national football team results|Maldives]] and [[Nepal women's national football team|Nepal]] and won both the matches for a berth in the [[FIBA Women's Asia Cup|FIBA women's Asia Cup]]. She made her senior India debut in the first match against Nepal which India won 113–32 at Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FIBA LiveStats India vs. Nepal |url=https://fibalivestats.dcd.shared.geniussports.com/u/FASIA/2624275/bs.html |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=geniussports.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Monteiro |first=Leandra |title=India Crush Nepal 110-32 in Opening Game of the 3rd SABA Women's Championship |url=https://www.ekalavyas.com/p/india-crush-nepal-110-32-in-opening-game-3rd-saba-womens-championship-2025 |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=www.ekalavyas.com |language=en}}</ref> She also played the next two matches, against Maldives, including the final.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pitts |first=Andre |date=23 February 2025 |title=Indian basketball team opens campaign with 113-32 win over Nepal |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/saba-women-championship-2025-basketball-india-vs-nepal-match-report |access-date=25 February 2025 |website=Olympics.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FIBA LiveStats India vs. Maldives |url=https://fibalivestats.dcd.shared.geniussports.com/u/FASIA/2624277/bs.html |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=geniussports.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FIBA LiveStats - Final - India vs. Maldives |url=https://fibalivestats.dcd.shared.geniussports.com/u/FASIA/2624278/bs.html |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=geniussports.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2025, she played for Tamil Nadu in the 4th 3x3 Senior National Basketball Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FIBA 3x3 - Confirmed profile - Krithika Sureshbabu |url=https://play.fiba3x3.com/embed/players/c927d972-b5e0-44e0-bd39-56fa0bf1eb6b/activity |access-date=25 February 2025 |website=FIBA3x3.com}}</ref> She also represented Tamil Nadu state that came third in the 74th Senior National Basketball Championship at Bhavnagar, Gujarat, in January 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-08 |title=Sahaj Pratap Sekhon helps Railways to a thrilling win over Punjab |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/sahaj-pratap-sekhon-helps-railways-to-a-thrilling-win-over-punjab/article69077322.ece |access-date=2025-02-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-12 |title=National Championships: Tamil Nadu men, Railway women retain National basketball titles |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/basketball/article69092554.ece |access-date=2025-02-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{Sports links}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sureshbabu, Krithika}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:2002 births]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women's basketball players]]<br />
[[Category:Basketball players from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Sportswomen from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil sportspeople]]<br />
[[Category:Sportspeople from Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2021_Kolkata_Municipal_Corporation_election&diff=4458112021 Kolkata Municipal Corporation election2025-12-31T08:03:00Z<p>Ranehospital: edit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Election to Kolkata Municipal Corporation, 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox election<br />
| election_name = 2021 Kolkata Municipal Corporation election<br />
| type = Parliamentary<br />
| country = India<br />
| ongoing = no<br />
| previous_election = 2015 Kolkata Municipal Corporation election<br />
| previous_year = 2015<br />
| election_date = {{Start date|df=yes|2021|12|19}}<br />
| next_election = [[2026 Kolkata Municipal Corporation election]]<br />
| next_year = [[2026 Kolkata Municipal Corporation election|2026]]<br />
| seats_for_election = All 144 seats in [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]<br />
| majority_seats = 73<br />
| turnout = 64.64% ({{decrease}} 3.92%)<ref>{{cite web|date=21 April 2015|title=Final figure: 68.56% voted in KMC elections|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/final-figure-68-56-voted-in-kmc-elections/|work=The Indian Express|access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="News9">{{cite web|date=20 December 2021|title=Kolkata Municipal Corporation Election 2021: Counting of votes for 144 wards today|url=https://www.news9live.com/india/kolkata-municipal-corporation-election-2021-counting-of-votes-for-144-wards-tuesday-141854|work=News9 Live|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref><br />
| image1 = [[File:All India Trinamool Congress logo (1).svg|70px|center]]<br />
| leader1 = <br />
| party1 = Trinamool Congress<br />
| alliance1 = <br />
| last_election1 = 114 seats<br />
| seats1 = 134<br />
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 20<br />
| popular_vote1 = 1,887,442<br />
| percentage1 = 72.13%<ref name="wbme">{{cite web|title=West Bengal State Election Commission: Home|url=http://portal.wbme.org/|work=West Bengal State Election Commission|access-date=23 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226102746/http://portal.wbme.org/|archive-date=26 December 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| image2 = [[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|70px|center]]<br />
| leader2 = <br />
| party2 = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
| alliance2 = <br />
| last_election2 = 7 seats<br />
| seats2 = 3<br />
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 4<br />
| popular_vote2 = 241,053<br />
| percentage2 = 9.21%<br />
| image4 = [[File:Cpm election symbol.svg|70px|center]]<br />
| leader4 = <br />
| party4 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)<br />
| alliance4 = Left Front (West Bengal)<br />
| last_election4 = 10 seats<ref name="ETV">{{cite web|date=20 December 2021|title=KMC Election 2021 Result : রাত পোহালেই পৌরভোটের ফল, তার আগে ফিরে দেখা গতবারের স্কোরবোর্ড|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bengali/west-bengal/state/kolkata/looking-back-at-the-result-of-2015-kolkata-municipal-election/wb20211220222954690|work=ETV Bharat|language=bn|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref><br />
| seats4 = 1<ref>{{cite web|date=22 December 2021|title=Kolkata Municipal Corporation Election 2021 Results: TMC registers landslide victory, wins 134 of 144 wards|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/kolkata-municipal-corporation-election-kmc-results-live-updates-tmc-bjp-cpim-7682945/|work=The Indian Express|access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref><br />
| seat_change4 = {{decrease}} 9<br />
| popular_vote4 = 252,610<br />
| percentage4 = 9.65%<br />
| image3 = [[File:Hand INC.svg|60px]]<br />
| leader3 = <br />
| party3 = Indian National Congress<br />
| alliance3 = <br />
| last_election3 = 5 seats<br />
| seats3 = 2<br />
| seat_change3 = {{decrease}} 3<br />
| popular_vote3 = 107,763<br />
| percentage3 = 4.12%<br />
| image5 = [[File:CPI-banner.svg|50x50px]]<br />
| leader5 = <br />
| party5 = Communist Party of India<br />
| alliance5 = Left Front (West Bengal)<br />
| last_election5 = 2 seats<br />
| seats5 = 1<br />
| seat_change5 = {{decrease}} 1<br />
| popular_vote5 = 26,763<br />
| percentage5 = 1.02%<br />
| image6 = [[File:Indian election symbol two leaves.svg|60px]]<br />
| leader6 = <br />
| party6 = Independents<br />
| alliance6 = <br />
| last_election6 = 3 seats<br />
| seats6 = 3<br />
| seat_change6 = {{steady}}<br />
| popular_vote6 = 63,501<br />
| percentage6 = 2.43%<br />
<!--Map--><br />
| map_image = [[File:2021 Kolkata Municipal Corporation Election Result Map.svg|300px]]<br />
| map_caption = Results by wards<br />
| map2 = [[File:India Kolkata, WB Municipal Corporation 2021.svg|300px]]<br />
| map2_caption = Structure after the election<br />
| title = [[List of mayors of Kolkata|Mayor]]<br />
| before_election = [[Firhad Hakim]]<br />
| before_party = [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
| after_election = [[Firhad Hakim]]<ref name="mayor">{{cite web|date=23 December 2021|title=Bengal minister Firhad Hakim is new Kolkata mayor|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bengal-minister-firhad-hakim-is-new-kolkata-mayor-101640250798623.html|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><br />
| after_party = [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''2021 Kolkata Municipal Corporation election''' was held on 19 December 2021 to elect 144 members of the [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]] (KMC) which governs [[Kolkata]], the capital of the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[West Bengal]].<ref name=Hindu1>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=25 November 2021|title=Kolkata Municipal Corporation election to be conducted on December 19|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/kolkata-municipal-corporation-election-to-be-conducted-on-december-19/article37678101.ece|access-date=18 December 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> A total of 40,48,357 electors were eligible to vote in the election.<ref>{{cite web|date=19 December 2021|title=KMC Polls: Violence reported; 63.37% voter turnout recorded till 5 PM|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/kmc-polls-violence-reported-63-37-voter-turnout-recorded-till-5-pm-121121900654_1.html|work=Business Standard|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=19 December 2021|title=KMC Polls: 63.63% Voter Turnout Recorded Amid Sporadic Violence; 195 People Held, 453 Complaints Filed|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/kolkata-municipal-corporation-elections-live-updates-election-day-voting-begins-kmc-polls-tmc-congress-cpi-latest-news-4570298.html|work=News18|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref> The results were announced on 21 December.<ref>{{cite web|date=21 December 2021|title=KMC Poll Result 2021: এক লাফে ৭২ পার, আট মাসে ভোটের হাইজাম্প তৃণমূলের, আশপাশে কেউ নেই|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/kolkata/kolkata-municipal-election-result-2021-tmc-got-record-vote-in-kmc-election-dgtl/cid/1319711|work=Anandabazar Patrika Online|language=bn|access-date=30 December 2021}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The [[All India Trinamool Congress]] (AITC) won the election by an overwhelming majority and captured 134 out of 144 wards. [[Firhad Hakim]] was elected as the mayor of Kolkata.<ref name="mayor" /> In this election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) won 3 seats, [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] won 2 seats ([[Communist Party of India|CPI]] and [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won 1 seat each), [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) won 2 seats and [[Independent politician|independent candidate]]s won 3 seats.<br />
<br />
==Schedule==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Poll event<br />
!Schedule<br />
|-<br />
|Notification date<ref name=Hindu1 /><ref>{{cite web|date=25 November 2021|title=West Bengal Election Commission announces December 19 as date of elections to the Kolkata Municipal Corporation, BJP objects as matter is in High Court|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/west-bengal-election-commission-announces-december-19-as-date-of-elections-to-the-kolkata-municipal-corporation-bjp-objects-as-matter-is-in-high-court/article37687321.ece|work=Frontline|access-date=11 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=25 November 2021|title=Kolkata Municipal Election 2021: ১৯শে ভোট, সম্ভবত ২১ তারিখ ফল, কলকাতা পুরভোট ইভিএমে, বলল রাজ্য নির্বাচন কমিশন|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/kolkata-municipal-election-2021-west-bengal-election-commission-holds-press-conference-dgtl/cid/1315503|work=Anandabazar Patrika Online|language=bn|access-date=11 December 2021}}</ref><br />
|'''25 Nov 2021'''<br />
|-<br />
|Last Date for filing nomination<br />
|'''1 Dec 2021'''<br />
|-<br />
|Last Date for withdrawal of nomination<ref>{{cite web|date=25 November 2021|title=১৯ ডিসেম্বরই কলকাতায় পুরভোট, বিজ্ঞপ্তি জারি রাজ্য নির্বাচন কমিশনের|url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/kolkata/kolkata-municipal-election-2021-will-be-held-on-19-december/|work=Sangbad Pratidin|language=bn|access-date=30 December 2021}}</ref><br />
|'''18 Dec 2021'''<br />
|-<br />
|Date of poll<ref>{{cite web|date=25 November 2021|title=Kolkata Municipal Corporation Election 2021: কলকাতায় জারি আদর্শ আচরণবিধি, হাওড়ার ভোট নিয়ে কিছু জানায়নি রাজ্য, বলল নির্বাচন কমিশন|url=https://bengali.abplive.com/news/kolkata/kolkata-municipal-corporation-election-2021-date-schedule-announced-by-ec-check-details-here-848915|work=ABP Ananda|language=bn|access-date=30 December 2021}}</ref><br />
|'''19 Dec 2021'''<br />
|-<br />
|Date of counting of votes<ref>{{cite web|date=26 November 2021|title=Kolkata Municipal Corporation polls on December 19, counting of votes on December 21|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/kolkata-municipal-corporation-polls-on-december-19-counting-of-votes-on-december-21-746622|work=IndiaTV News|access-date=30 December 2021}}</ref><br />
|'''21 Dec 2021'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Voter statistics==<br />
In this election, there were a total of 4,048,357 eligible electors. On 19 December 2,611,312 voters (64.50% of the total voters) exercised their franchise, of which 1,425,568 were male, 1,185,723 female and 21 registered voters were of the [[third gender]].<ref name="wbme"/><br />
<br />
==Parties and alliances==<br />
Following is a list of political parties and alliances which contested in this election:<ref name="wbme"/><ref name="MP"/><br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
!Symbol<br />
!Alliance<br />
!No. of contesting candidates<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]] (AITC)<br />
|[[File:All India Trinamool Congress symbol 2021.svg|50px]]<br />
|rowspan="5"|''None''<br />
|style="text-align:right"|144<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (BSP)<br />
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Elephant.png|50px]]<br />
|style="text-align:right"|6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<br />
|[[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]]<br />
|style="text-align:right"|142<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]] (INC)<br />
|[[File:Hand INC.svg|50px]]<br />
|style="text-align:right"|121<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|<br />
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP)<br />
|[[File:Nationalist Congress Party Election Symbol.png|50px]]<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI(M))<br />
|[[File:CPI(M) election symbol - Hammer Sickle and Star.svg|50px]]<br />
|rowspan="4"|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]]<br />
|style="text-align:right"|96<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India]] (CPI)<br />
|[[File:CPI symbol.svg|50px]]<br />
<br />
|style="text-align:right"|13<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|All India Forward Bloc}}"|<br />
|[[All India Forward Bloc]] (AIFB)<br />
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Lion.svg|50px]]<br />
<br />
|style="text-align:right"|11<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}"|<br />
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]] (RSP)<br />
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Spade and Stoker.png|50px]]<br />
<br />
|style="text-align:right"|9<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}"|<br />
|[[Independent politician|Independents]] (IND)<br />
|<br />
|rowspan="2"|''None''<br />
|style="text-align:right"|<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="{{party color|Others}}"|<br />
|Others{{efn|name=Others|[[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|SUCI(communist)]] contested 20 seats. [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|CPI(ML)LIB]] and [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]] fielded 3 candidates each. AB, BNARP and [[Party of Democratic Socialism (India)|PDS]] fielded one candidate each.}}<br />
|<br />
|style="text-align:right"|29<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Candidates==<br />
A total of 950 candidates contested in this election. Among them 402 candidates were women.<ref name="News9"/> A list of the candidates (ward-wise) of the four main parties/alliance(s) is presented below:<ref name="wbme"/><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|+ List of candidates<br />
!colspan="2"|Ward<br />
|colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|[[All India Trinamool Congress|<span style="color:white;">'''AITC'''</span>]]<br />
|colspan="3" bgcolor={{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|<span style="color:white;">'''Left Front'''</span>]]<br />
|colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|<span style="color:white;">'''BJP'''</span>]]<br />
|colspan="3" bgcolor={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress|<span style="color:white;">'''INC'''</span>]]<br />
|-<br />
!#<br />
!Name<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
! Candidate<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
! Candidate<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
! Candidate<br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
! Candidate<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 1'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!1<br />
|[[Ward No. 1, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 1]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
| Kartick Chandra Manna<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Pallab Mukherjee<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Asish Kumar Trivedi<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| Safikul Khadim<br />
|-<br />
!2<br />
|[[Ward No. 2, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 2]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
| Dr. Kakali Sen<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Debolina Sarkar<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Rajendra Pr. Shaw<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| Rathindra Nath Paul<br />
|-<br />
!3<br />
|[[Ward No. 3, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 3]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Debika Chakraborty<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Namita Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| Anima Singh<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Suchitra Bose<br />
|-<br />
!4<br />
|[[Ward No. 4, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 4]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Goutam Halder<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Kanai Lal Podder<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| Sabyasachi Chakraborty<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Biresh Chakraborty<br />
|-<br />
!5<br />
|[[Ward No. 5, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 5]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Tarun Saha<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Ramesh Pandey<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| Shreeram Yadav<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Ram Kumar Jha<br />
|-<br />
!6<br />
|[[Ward No. 6, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 6]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Suman Singh<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] <br />
| Sagina Begum<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| Pramila Singh<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Priti Shaw<br />
|-<br />
!7<br />
|[[Ward No. 7, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 7]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Bapi Ghosh<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Mahan Tapas Kundu<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| Brajesh Jha<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Moloy Mukherjee<br />
|-<br />
!8<br />
|[[Ward No. 8, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 8]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Pooja Panja<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Madhab Bose<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| Manoj Kumar<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Tapan Seal <br />
|-<br />
!9<br />
|[[Ward No. 9, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 9]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Mitali Saha<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Dipika Bhattacharya<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| Rubi Banerjee<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Pinki Shaw<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No.2'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!10<br />
|[[Ward No. 10, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 10]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Subrata Banerjee<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] <br />
| Karuna Sengupta<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| Ishwar Dayal Shaw<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Pratap Sen<br />
|-<br />
!11<br />
|[[Ward No. 11, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 11]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| [[Atin Ghosh]]<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]] <br />
| Prodyot Nath<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| Manas Sen Chowdhury<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Sumanta Sen<br />
|-<br />
!12<br />
|[[Ward No. 12, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 12]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Minakshi Gangopadhyay<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] <br />
| Pubali Deb<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| Tanusree Roy<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Anima Ghosh<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" | <span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 3'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!13<br />
|[[Ward No. 13, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 13]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Anindya Kishore Routh<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Birati Dutta<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| Kunal Bhattacharya<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Tarun Kanti Seal<br />
|-<br />
!14<br />
|[[Ward No. 14, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 14]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Amal Chakraborty(Bhola)<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]] <br />
| Swapan Ghosh<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| Debraj Saha<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Palash Kumari Saha<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 2'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!15<br />
|[[Ward No. 15, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 15]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sukhla Bhore<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]] <br />
| Dipa Saha<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| Anita Das<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Ruma Halder<br />
|-<br />
!16<br />
|[[Ward No. 16, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 16]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Swapan Kumar Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Sujit Deb<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| Sharad Kumar Singh<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Rabi Saha<br />
|-<br />
!17<br />
|[[Ward No. 17, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 17]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Mohan Kumar Gupta(Mona)<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Moti Lal Ghosh<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| Paramita Banerjee<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Moumita Kali<br />
|-<br />
!18<br />
|[[Ward No. 18, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 18]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sunanda Sarkar<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Srabani Chakraborty<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| Anuradha Singh<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Amrita Roy<br />
|-<br />
!19<br />
|[[Ward No. 19, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 19]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sikha Saha<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Ruma Bhattacharya<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| Debashish Seal<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Chandra Sekhar Roy<br />
|-<br />
!20<br />
|[[Ward No. 20, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 20]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Vijay Upadhyay<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Ajit Kumar Chowdhury<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Indra Jhawar(Mukund)<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Raghbendra Chaturvedi<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 4'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!21<br />
|[[Ward No. 21, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 21]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Mira Hazra<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Sujata Saha<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] <br />
| Purnima Chakraborty<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
!22<br />
|[[Ward No. 22, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 22]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Shyam Prokash Purohit<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#00BFFF;"|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] supports [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Meena Devi Purohit<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Nagesh Singh<br />
|-<br />
!23<br />
|[[Ward No. 23, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 23]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Agarwal Sanwarmal<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Dhirendra Kumar Pandey<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Vijay Ojha<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Uttam Kumar Sonkar<br />
|-<br />
!24<br />
|[[Ward No. 24, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 24]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Ellora Saha<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]] <br />
| Manju Mohta<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Kamini Tiwari<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Sapana Gupta<br />
|-<br />
!25<br />
|[[Ward No. 25, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 25]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Rajesh Kumar Sinha<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]] <br />
| Naresh Prasad Poddar<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Sunil Harsh<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Bikram Singh<br />
|-<br />
!26<br />
|[[Ward No. 26, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 26]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Tarak Nath Chattopadhyay<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Tapas Pramanik<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Sashi Gond<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Amar Singh<br />
|-<br />
!27<br />
|[[Ward No. 27, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 27]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Minakshi Gupta<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] <br />
| Papiya Ganguly<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Manju Jaiswal<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Tanmaya Mukherjee<br />
|-<br />
!28<br />
|[[Ward No. 28, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 28]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Ayan Chakraborty<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Ejaz Ahmed<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Amiya Hazra<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Shahina Javed<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 3'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!29<br />
|[[Ward No. 29, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 29]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Iqbal Ahmed<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]] <br />
| Mohammed Sahid<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Mohammed Mukhtar<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Prakash Kumar Upadhyay<br />
|-<br />
!30<br />
|[[Ward No. 30, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 30]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Papiya Ghosh(Biswas)<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Saswati Dasgupta<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Manjindar Kaur<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
!31<br />
|[[Ward No. 31, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 31]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| [[Paresh Paul]]<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Tarun Basu{{efn|name=RCPI|Members of [[Revolutionary Communist Party of India|RCPI]] contested under the symbol of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] in Ward no. 31 and 87.}}<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Sree Narayan Chowdhury<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Chand Basu Ansari<br />
|-<br />
!32<br />
|[[Ward No. 32, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 32]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Kundu Santi Ranjan<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Joydeep Bhattacharya<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Rubi Sanyal <br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
!33<br />
|[[Ward No. 33, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 33]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Chinu Biswas<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Manisha Biswas<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Rita Debnath(Mondal)<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
!34<br />
|[[Ward No. 34, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 34]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Alokananda Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]] <br />
| Namita Bose<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Malti Panja <br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
!35<br />
|[[Ward No. 35, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 35]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Ashutosh Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Samir Chakraborty<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Girish Kumar Shukla<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Mohammed Wais<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 5'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!36<br />
|[[Ward No. 36, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 36]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sachin Kumar SIngh<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] <br />
| Mousumi Ghosh<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Ravi Kant Singh<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Nandan Ghosh<br />
|-<br />
!37<br />
|[[Ward No. 37, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 37]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Soma Chaudhuri<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Mithu Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Sheikha Mousumi<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Afrin Begum<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 4'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!38<br />
|[[Ward No. 38, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 38]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Bose Sadhana<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Prosanta Dey(Gopal)<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Ramesh Thakur Jaiswal<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Punam Chowdhury<br />
|-<br />
!39<br />
|[[Ward No. 39, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 39]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Mohammed Jasimuddin<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]]<br />
| Subhankar Rai<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Mohammed Jahangir<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Ali Hussain<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 5'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!40<br />
|[[Ward No. 40, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 40]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Suparna Dutta<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]<br />
| Kaberi Bhattacharjee<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Sefali Sharma<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Asha Mahanti<br />
|-<br />
!41<br />
|[[Ward No. 41, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 41]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Reita Chowdhury<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Nehal Ahamed Qaisar<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Rajeev Kumar Sinha<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Jwala Pratap Singh<br />
|-<br />
!42<br />
|[[Ward No. 42, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 42]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Mahesh Kumar Sharma<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] <br />
| Pradip Kumar Singh<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Sunita Jhawar<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
!43<br />
|[[Ward No. 43, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 43]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Shagupta Parveen<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#00BFFF;"|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] supports [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Chanda Kharwar<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Shahnaaz Parveen<br />
|-<br />
!44<br />
|[[Ward No. 44, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 44]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Rehana Khatoon<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| S.M. Shahid Quasimuddin<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Mukesh Kumar Singh<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Mohammed Zaid Anwar<br />
|-<br />
!45<br />
|[[Ward No. 45, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 45]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Shakti Pratap Singh<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#00BFFF;"|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] supports [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Kushal Pandey<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Santosh Kumar Pathak<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 6'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!46<br />
|[[Ward No. 46, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 46]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Priyanka Saha<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Anusha Akbar<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Pinky Sonkar<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Wahida Khatoon<br />
|-<br />
!47<br />
|[[Ward No. 47, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 47]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Bimal Singh<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#00BFFF;"|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] supports [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Chitra Paul(Bosamia)<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Mohammed Ali<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 5'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!48<br />
|[[Ward No. 48, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 48]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Biswarup Dey<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Anwasha Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Chittaranjan Manna<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Asis Chatterjee<br />
|-<br />
!49<br />
|[[Ward No. 49, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 49]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Monalisa Banerjee<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Upaneeta Pandey<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Rajlakshmi Biswas<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Aamna Khanam<br />
|-<br />
!50<br />
||[[Ward No. 50, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 50]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Mousumi Dey <br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#00BFFF;"|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] supports [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Sajal Ghosh<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Manash Sarkar<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 6'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!51<br />
|[[Ward No. 51, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 51]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Indranil Kumar<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]] <br />
| Sunetra Ojha<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Sanjib Gunin<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Ravindra Singh<br />
|-<br />
!52<br />
|[[Ward No. 52, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 52]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sohini Mukherjee<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]] <br />
| Rukhsana Begum<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Kamini Samtani<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Aparna Saha<br />
|-<br />
!53<br />
|[[Ward No. 53, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 53]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Indrani Saha Banerjee<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#00BFFF;"|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] supports [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Gautam Dasgupta<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Akbar Hossain<br />
|-<br />
!54<br />
|[[Ward No. 54, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 54]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Amiruddin<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Jahangir Mondal<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Debashish Dutta<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Yusuf Abdul Waheed<br />
|-<br />
!55<br />
|[[Ward No. 55, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 55]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sabita Rani Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Chaitali Bhowmick Nair<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Amrita Ghosh<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Dorothy Dewan<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 7'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!56<br />
|[[Ward No. 56, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 56]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Swapan Samaddar<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Jayasri Debnandy<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Tapan Samanta<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Samir Alam <br />
|-<br />
!57<br />
|[[Ward No. 57, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 57]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Jiban Saha<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Dilip Poddar<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Milan Dere<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Afroz Alam<br />
|-<br />
!58<br />
|[[Ward No. 58, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 58]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sandipan Saha<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#00BFFF;"|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] supports [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Chandan Das<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Sadananda Show<br />
|-<br />
!59<br />
|[[Ward No. 59, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 59]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Jolly Bose<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Rama Kar Basu<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Aishi Majhi<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Fatema Anjum<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 6'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!60<br />
|[[Ward No. 60, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 60]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Kaiser Jamil<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Manzar Ahsan<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Ramesh Kumar Singh<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Nadim Mohammed<br />
|-<br />
!61<br />
|[[Ward No. 61, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 61]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Manzar Iqbal<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#00BFFF;"|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] supports [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Harinarayan Tiwari<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Sajid Ismail<br />
|-<br />
!62<br />
|[[Ward No. 62, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 62]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sana Ahmed<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#00BFFF;"|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] supports [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Sahina Khatoon<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Tarannum Jahan<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 7'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!63<br />
|[[Ward No. 63, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 63]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Susmita Bhattacharya Chatterjee<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Mohammed Seraj Khan<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Naveen Kumar Mishra <br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Francis Ganpat<br />
|-<br />
!64<br />
|[[Ward No. 64, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 64]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
| Sammi Jahan Begum<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] <br />
| Mohammed Azam Jawed<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Dipankar Saha<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Hossain Zahid<br />
|-<br />
!65<br />
|[[Ward No. 65, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 65]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
| Nibedita Sharma<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]] <br />
| Anulekha Sinha<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Kabery Sengupta Mohanty<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Anisha Akhter<br />
|-<br />
!66<br />
|[[Ward No. 66, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 66]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Ahmed Faiz Khan<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Shaquib Akhtar<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Abhishek Sen(Babla Daa)<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Sayed Mohammed Ahsan<br />
|-<br />
!67<br />
|[[Ward No. 67, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 67]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Bijan Lal Mukherjee<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Dipu Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Sandip Banerjee<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 7'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!68<br />
|[[Ward No. 68, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 68]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sudarshana Mukherjee<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Dorothy Majumder Ghoshal<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Pinky Ghosh<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Moumita Mukherjee<br />
|-<br />
!69<br />
|[[Ward No. 69, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 69]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Dilip Bose<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Gopal Hazra<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Kaushal Prasad Mishra<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Biswajit Ghosh<br />
|-<br />
!70<br />
|[[Ward No. 70, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 70]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Ashim Kumar Bose(Babai)<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Barun Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Bhim Singh Verma<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Devasuvra Majumder<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 9'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!71<br />
|[[Ward No. 71, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 71]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Papiya Singh<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Keka Mitra<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Pratima Ghosh<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Supriya Das<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 7'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!72<br />
|[[Ward No. 72, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 72]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sandip Ranjan Bakshi<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Prokash Bhattacharya<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Ruma Nandan<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Prasenjit Sen<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 9'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!73<br />
|[[Ward No. 73, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 73]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Kajari Banerjee<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Madhumita Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Indrajit Khatick<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Prabir Kumar Paul<br />
|-<br />
!74<br />
|[[Ward No. 74, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 74]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Debalina Biswas<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]] <br />
| Dipa Chakraborty<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Paramita Dutta<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]] <br />
|-<br />
!75<br />
|[[Ward No. 75, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 75]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Nezamuddin Shams <br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Faiyaz Ahmed Khan<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Mahesh Ram<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Mohammed Akil<br />
|-<br />
!76<br />
|[[Ward No. 76, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 76]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sasti Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Shakil Akhter<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Sajal Kar<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Soumen Pal<br />
|-<br />
!77<br />
|[[Ward No. 77, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 77]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Shamima Rehan Khan<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]] <br />
| Sajda Parveen<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Gopa Banerjee<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Sayyada Banoo <br />
|-<br />
!78<br />
|[[Ward No. 78, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 78]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Soma Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]] <br />
| Jyoti Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Bina Kanojia<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Gunja Mallick<br />
|-<br />
!79<br />
|[[Ward No. 79, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 79]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Ram Pyare Ram<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Marxist Forward Bloc|MFB]] <br />
| Shyamal Kanti Mitra<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Jitendra Trivedi<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Aquib Gulzar<br />
|-<br />
!80<br />
|[[Ward No. 80, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 80]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Mohammed Anwar Khan<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#00BFFF;"|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] supports [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Ershad Ahmed Sain<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Surendra Kumar Singh<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 10'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!81<br />
|[[Ward No. 81, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 81]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Jui Biswas<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Rinku Dey<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Ditaya Kar<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Anindita Paul(Taniya)<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 9'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!82<br />
|[[Ward No. 82, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 82]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| [[Firhad Hakim]]<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] <br />
| Paramita Dasgupta<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Pratap Sonkar <br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 8'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!83<br />
|[[Ward No. 83, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 83]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Probir Kumar Mukhopadhyay<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Arka Ranjan Bhattacharya<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Gouranga Sarkar<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| Rajib Paul<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
!84<br />
|[[Ward No. 84, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 84]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Paromita Chatterjee<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Bithika Nath<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Tamasha Chatterjee<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Ruma Mukherjee<br />
|-<br />
!85<br />
|[[Ward No. 85, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 85]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| [[Debasish Kumar]](Deba)<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Gobinda Naskar<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Ruby Mukherjee<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Joydeb Bhowmick<br />
|-<br />
!86<br />
|[[Ward No. 86, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 86]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Saurav Basu (Bappa)<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#00BFFF;"|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] supports [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Rajarshi Lahiri<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Dwarka Kumar Ghosh<br />
|-<br />
!87<br />
|[[Ward No. 87, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 87]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Manisha Bose<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Dyutisree Dass Shom{{efn|name=RCPI}}<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Anushree Chattopadhyay<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Koli Narayan Mukherjee<br />
|-<br />
!88<br />
|[[Ward No. 88, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 88]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| [[Mala Roy]]<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Kartick Mondal<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Samir Sil<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 10'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!89<br />
|[[Ward No. 89, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 89]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Mamamta Majumder<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] <br />
| Salil Chaudhury<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Santanu Bhattacharya(Bubai)<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Kartik Das<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 8'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!90<br />
|[[Ward No. 90, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 90]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Chatali Chattopadhyay<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] <br />
| Promita Roy Chowdhury<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Mowsumy Bhattacharya<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Aditi Chatterjee<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 10'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!91<br />
|[[Ward No. 91, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 91]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Baiswanor Chatterjee<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Surajit Sen Gupta (Kunal)<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Dilip Kumar Mitra<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Samir Saha<br />
|-<br />
!92<br />
|[[Ward No. 92, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 92]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Abhishek Mukherjee<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] <br />
| Madhucchanda Deb<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Suman Das<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Manash Kumar Bhadra<br />
|-<br />
!93<br />
|[[Ward No. 93, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 93]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Mousumi Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Gopa Roychowdhury<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Sumita Dasgupta<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Sampa Ghosh<br />
|-<br />
!94<br />
|[[Ward No. 94, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 94]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sandip Nandi Majumder<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]] <br />
| Bula Rani Seal<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Pradipta Arjun<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Rahul Naskar<br />
|-<br />
!95<br />
|[[Ward No. 95, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 95]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Tapan Dasgupta<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Anwesha Bhowmick<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Rajib Saha<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Santanu Guhathakurta (Tarun)<br />
|-<br />
!96<br />
|[[Ward No. 96, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 96]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Vasundhara Goswami<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Dipali Goswami (Doli)<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Sandipa Singha Roy<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Sanchaita Sinha Roy<br />
|-<br />
!97<br />
|[[Ward No. 97, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 97]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Debrabata Majumder<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Susanta Pal<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Soma Ghosh Dutta<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Prahlad Chakraborty<br />
|-<br />
!98<br />
|[[Ward No. 98, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 98]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Arup Chakraborty<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] <br />
| Mrintunjoy Chakraborty<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Chandan Kumar Saha<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Swapan Bose<br />
|-<br />
!99<br />
|[[Ward No. 99, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 99]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Mitali Banerjee<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]] <br />
| Shikha Mukherjee<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Taniya Das<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Mun Mun Das<br />
|-<br />
!100<br />
|[[Ward No. 100, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 100]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Prosenjit Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Mira Ghosh<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Sanjay Das<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Sahajan Dewan<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 12'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!101<br />
|[[Ward No. 101, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 101]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Bappaditya Dasgupta<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Atanu Chatterjee<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Santosh Mitra<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Amar Bhattacharjee<br />
|-<br />
!102<br />
|[[Ward No. 102, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 102]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sima Ghosh (Jaya)<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Bhaswati Gangopadhyay<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Indra Gangopadhyay<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Tapasi Karmakar<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 11'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!103<br />
|[[Ward No. 103, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 103]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sukumar Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Nandita Roy<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Sandip Bagchi<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Debajyoti Das<br />
|-<br />
!104<br />
|[[Ward No. 104, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 104]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Tarakeswar Chakaraborty<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]<br />
| Dhiraj Kumar Gangopadhyay<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Swarupa Mukherjee<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Prodip Mitra<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 12'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!105<br />
|[[Ward No. 105, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 105]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sushila Dutta<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Namita Dutta<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Tamali Roy<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Shrabanti Bhattacharjee<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2"|106<br />
| rowspan="2"|[[Ward No. 106, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 106]]<br />
| rowspan="2"bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| rowspan="2"|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| rowspan="2"|Arjit Das Thakur (Rana)<br />
| rowspan="1"bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Dipankar Mondal (Laltu)<br />
| rowspan="2"bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| rowspan="2"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| rowspan="2"|Pavan Baidya<br />
| rowspan="2"bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| rowspan="2"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| rowspan="2"|Biswanath Biswas (Babu)<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]<br />
|Aloke Chattacherjee<br />
|-<br />
!107<br />
|[[Ward No. 107, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 107]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Lipika Manna<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Goutam Roy<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Somnath Das<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
!108<br />
|[[Ward No. 108, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 108]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sushanta Kumar Ghosh <br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Tapan Malik<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Megnath Halder<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Sanjoy Majumder<br />
|-<br />
!109<br />
|[[Ward No. 109, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 109]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Ananya Banerjee<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Shikha Pujari<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Beauty Roy Halder<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 11'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!110<br />
|[[Ward No. 110, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 110]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Swaraj Kumar Mondal<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Tanushree Mondal<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Nitai Mondal<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
!111<br />
|[[Ward No. 111, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 111]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sandip Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Chayan Bhattacharya<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Parijat Chanda<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
!112<br />
|[[Ward No. 112, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 112]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Gopal Roy<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]]<br />
| Subrata Kumar Dey<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Debajyoti Mazumder<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Narayan Biswas<br />
|-<br />
!113<br />
|[[Ward No. 113, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 113]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Anita Kar Majumder Sil<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Ajanta Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Rubi Das<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
!114<br />
|[[Ward No. 114, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 114]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Biswajit Mandal<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Mohit Kumar Bhattacharya<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Partha Pal<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Subhas Chandra Bose<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 13'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!115<br />
|[[Ward No. 115, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 115]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Ratna Sur<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Subhankar Bagchi (Biltu)<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Tapas Dhara<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Gurudas Pal<br />
|-<br />
!116<br />
|[[Ward No. 116, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 116]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Krishna Singh<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Chitra Patit<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Swapna banerjee<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Sharmistha Saha<br />
|-<br />
!117<br />
|[[Ward No. 117, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 117]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Amit Singh<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Sanjay Khan<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Kalyani Dasgupta<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Sanjit Dey<br />
|-<br />
!118<br />
|[[Ward No. 118, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 118]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Tarak Singh<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Sujoy Adhikary (Bubai)<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Dipankar Banik<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
!119<br />
|[[Ward No. 119, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 119]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Kakali Bag<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#00BFFF;"|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] supports [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Rakhi Chatterjee<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Deepa Badge<br />
|-<br />
!120<br />
|[[Ward No. 120, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 120]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Susanta Ghosh (Bua)<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Gautam Adhikary (Bubun)<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Ujjwal Baral<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Biswajit Das<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 14'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!121<br />
|[[Ward No. 121, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 121]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Rupak Ganguly<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Ashis Mondal (Valtu)<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Chandra Bhan Singh<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Kaustav Bhattacharjee<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 13'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!122<br />
|[[Ward No. 122, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 122]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Soma Chakraborty<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Manju Kar<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Sangita Nath Dey<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Manasi Das Naskar<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 16'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!123<br />
|[[Ward No. 123, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 123]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sudip Polley (Nani)<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Prosenjit Ghosh<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Sarmistha Bhattacharjee<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
!124<br />
|[[Ward No. 124, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 124]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Rajib Kumar Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Arijit Sinha<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Sankar Sikder<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Prabir Sarkar<br />
|-<br />
!125<br />
|[[Ward No. 125, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 125]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Chhanda Sarkar<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Priya Roy<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Dalia Chakroborty<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Kajal Biswas<br />
|-<br />
!126<br />
|[[Ward No. 126, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 126]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Ghanashree Bagh<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]<br />
| Biman Guha Thakurta<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Pradip Ray<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Subhasish Kar<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 14'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!127<br />
|[[Ward No. 127, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 127]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Malobika Baidya<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Rina Bhakta<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Mallika Biswas<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
!128<br />
|[[Ward No. 128, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 128]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Partha Sarkar<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Ratna Roy Majumder<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Shirsendu Banerjee (Bappa)<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Gitika Mridha<br />
|-<br />
!129<br />
|[[Ward No. 129, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 129]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sanhita Das<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Mousumi Chatterjee<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Nabanita Bhattacharjee<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Dolan Das<br />
|-<br />
!130<br />
|[[Ward No. 130, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 130]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Avijit Mukherjee<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Partha Sarathi Sarkar<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Subhasis Kar<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Gosto Behari Jana<br />
|-<br />
!131<br />
|[[Ward No. 131, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 131]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| [[Ratna Chatterjee]]<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Ranjan Dasgupta<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Rabin Roy<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Subir Mondal<br />
|-<br />
!132<br />
|[[Ward No. 132, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 132]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sanchita Mitra<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Mita Ghosh<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Sutapa Gupta<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Piya Roy<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 15'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!133<br />
|[[Ward No. 133, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 133]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Ranjit Shil<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Jayabrata Bera (Tinku)<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#FF9933;"|Sadananda Prasad withdrew Nomination<ref name="MP">{{cite web|date=5 December 2021|title=8 candidates, including 2 from BJP, withdraw their nomination|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/8-candidates-including-2-from-bjp-withdraw-their-nomination-460772|work=Millennium Post|access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="week">{{cite web|date=8 December 2021|title=Muslim BJP candidate withdraws nomination for Kolkata civic polls after threats|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2021/12/08/muslim-bjp-candidate-withdraws-nomination-for-kolkata-corporation-polls-after-getting-threats.html|work=The Week|access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref><br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Mohammad Salim<br />
|-<br />
!134<br />
|[[Ward No. 134, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 134]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Shams Iqbal<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| <br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#FF9933;"|Mumtaj Ali withdrew Nomination<ref name="MP"/><ref name="week"/><br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
!135<br />
|[[Ward No. 135, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 135]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Akhtari Nijami<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#00BFFF;"|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] supports [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Archana Gupta<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Shamshad Begum<br />
|-<br />
!136<br />
|[[Ward No. 136, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 136]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Shamsuzzaman Ansari<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Subhasish Poddar<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Anil Kumar Verma<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
!137<br />
|[[Ward No. 137, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 137]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Rehmat Alam Anssari<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#00BFFF;"|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] supports [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Rakesh Verma<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Wasim Ansari<br />
|-<br />
!138<br />
|[[Ward No. 138, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 138]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Farida Parvin<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Farhanaj Begum<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Minu Das<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Mamtaj Begum<br />
|-<br />
!139<br />
|[[Ward No. 139, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 139]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sheikh Mushtaque Ahamed<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Abu Kayes Mohammed<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Mahejabeen Khatoon<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
!140<br />
|[[Ward No. 140, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 140]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Abu Mohammed Tarik<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Sheikh Mohammed Zamir<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Salauddin<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Abdul Ali Jahangir<br />
|-<br />
!141<br />
|[[Ward No. 141, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 141]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Sibnath Gayen<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]<br />
| Sampad Roy<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Dhali Tapas Kumar<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Abhishek Baidya<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="14" align="center" bgcolor="grey" |<span style="color:white;">'''Borough No. 16'''</span><br />
|-<br />
!142<br />
|[[Ward No. 142, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 142]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Ragunath Patra<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#DDDDDD"|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] supported [[Independent politician|Independent]] candidate Goutam Kolay<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Amar Das<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]]<br />
|-<br />
!143<br />
|[[Ward No. 143, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 143]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Christina Biswas<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Phulu Mondal<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Gargee Viswanathan<br />
| bgcolor=#00BFFF|<br />
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] <br />
| Lata Saha<br />
|-<br />
!144<br />
|[[Ward No. 144, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 144]]<br />
| bgcolor=#3CB371|<br />
| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]] <br />
| Shefali Pramanik<br />
| bgcolor=#FF0000|<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
| Biplab Banerjee<br />
| bgcolor=#FF9933|<br />
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| Anindita Ghosh<br />
| colspan="3" style="background:#f00;"|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] supports [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Results==<br />
===Results by Parties===<br />
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"<br />
|+<br />
|- style="color:white;"<br />
| style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}; width:93.06%;" | '''134'''<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:2.08%;" | '''3'''<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:1.39%;" | '''2'''<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; width:0.69%;"| '''1'''<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}; width:0.69%;"| '''1'''<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; width:2.08%;"| '''3'''<br />
|-<br />
| <span style="color:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}};">'''AITC'''</span><br />
| <span style="color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};">'''BJP'''</span><br />
| <span style="color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};">'''INC'''</span><br />
| <span style="color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};">'''CPI(M)'''</span><br />
| <span style="color:{{party color|Communist Party of India}};">'''CPI'''</span><br />
| <span style="color:{{party color|Independent politician}};">'''IND'''</span><br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{Pie chart<br />
|thumb = right<br />
|caption='''Vote share by alliance'''<br />
|label1 = [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|value1 = 72.13<br />
|color1 = {{party color| Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|label2 = [[Left Front (West Bengal)|LF]]<br />
|value2 = 11.89<br />
|color2 = {{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}<br />
|label3 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|value3 = 9.21<br />
|color3 = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|label4 = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
|value4 = 4.12<br />
|color4 = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|label5 = [[Independent politician|IND]]<br />
|value5 = 2.43<br />
|color5 = {{party color|Independent politician}}<br />
|label6 = Others<br />
|value6 = 0.22<br />
|color6 = {{party color|Others}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Pie chart<br />
|thumb = right<br />
|caption='''Vote share by Party'''<br />
|label1 = [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|value1 = 72.13<br />
|color1 = {{party color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|label2 = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|value2 = 9.65<br />
|color2 = {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br />
|label3 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|value3 = 9.21<br />
|color3 = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|label4 = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
|value4 = 4.12<br />
|color4 = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|label5 = [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]<br />
|value5 = 1.02<br />
|color5 = {{party color|Communist Party of India}}<br />
|label6 = [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]<br />
|value6 = 0.78<br />
|color6 = {{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}<br />
|label7 = [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]]<br />
|value7 = 0.44<br />
|color7 = {{party color|All India Forward Bloc}}<br />
|label8 = [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]<br />
|value8 = 0.06<br />
|color8 = {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}<br />
|label9 = [[Independent politician|IND]]<br />
|value9 = 2.43<br />
|color9 = {{party color|Independent politician}}<br />
|label10 = Others<br />
|value10 = 0.16<br />
|color10 = {{party color|Others}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Pie chart<br />
|thumb = right<br />
|caption='''Seat share by alliance'''<br />
|label1 = [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|value1 = 93.06<br />
|color1 = {{party color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|label2 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|value2 = 2.08<br />
|color2 = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|label3 = [[Left Front (West Bengal)|LF]]<br />
|value3 = 1.39<br />
|color3 = {{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}<br />
|label4 = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
|value4 = 1.39<br />
|color4 = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|label5 = Others<br />
|value5 = 2.08<br />
|color5 = {{party color|Others}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:40%; style="text-align:center;"<br />
!colspan="2" rowspan="3"|Alliance<br />
!colspan="2" rowspan="3"|Party<br />
!colspan="5" rowspan="1"|Seats<br />
!colspan="4" rowspan="1"|Votes<br />
!rowspan="3"|Ref(s)<br />
|-<br />
!rowspan="2"|Contested<br><ref name="wbme"/><ref name="TV9">{{cite web|date=21 December 2021|title=KMC Election result 2021 (Borough Wise Result): কার দখলে গেল কোন বরো? একনজরে বরো ভিত্তিক ফলাফল|url=https://tv9bangla.com/elections/kolkata-municipal-corporation-election-result-2021-declared-kmc-election-result-2021-borough-wise-winner-list-2021-in-bangla-478739.html|work=TV9 Bangla|language=bn|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><br />
!colspan="2"|Won<br />
!rowspan="2"|Change<br><ref name="ETV"/><ref>{{cite web|date=21 December 2021|title=Kolkata Municipal Corporation election results LIVE: Vote counting begins, tough fight between BJP and TMC|url=https://presswire18.com/kolkata-municipal-corporation-election-results-live-vote-counting-begins-tough-fight-between-bjp-and-tmc/|work=PressWire18|access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=21 December 2021|title=KMC Polls: TMC Leads In Early Trends. Ahead In 77 Seats, BJP At 4|url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/kmc-counting-khela-hobe-in-kolkata-civic-body-election-results-too-tmc-ahead-on-seats-bjp-seats-rts-1501067|work=ABP LIVE|access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=21 December 2021|title=TMC Sweeps KMC Polls But Left's Growing Vote Share May Signal Return Of Old Foe|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-tmc-sweeps-kmc-polls-but-lefts-higher-vote-share-than-bjp-indicates-return-of-old-foe/406167|work=Outlook India|access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref><br />
!rowspan="2"|Second Position<br><ref name="IE"/><br />
!rowspan="2"|Votes<br />
!colspan="2"|%<br />
!rowspan="2"|Change (%)<br><ref name="ETV"/><br />
|-<br />
!Party wise<br />
!Alliance wise<br />
!Party wise<br />
!Alliance wise<br><ref name="IE">{{cite web|date=21 December 2021|title=Landslide win for TMC in Kolkata civic polls, Left's vote share more than BJP|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/landslide-win-tmc-kolkata-civic-polls-left-vote-share-bjp-7683577/|work=The Indian Express|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=21 December 2021|title=Kolkata Municipal Corporation election results 2021 live updates: TMC wins 134 wards; Mamata hails 'landslide victory'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/live-news-from-cities-night-curfew-in-up-rajasthan-mp-jharkhand-chhattisgarh-21-december-2021/liveblog/88401074.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=21 December 2021|title=KMC Election Results 2021 Ward Wise Winners Full List TMC Mamata Banerjee BJP Vote Share Percentage|url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/kmc-election-results-2021-ward-wise-winners-full-list-tmc-mamata-banerjee-bjp-vote-share-percentage-1501167|work=ABP LIVE|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|colspan="2" rowspan="2"|''None''<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Trinamool Congress}}"|<br />
|[[Trinamool Congress|AITC]]<br />
|style="text-align:right"|144<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:right"|134<br />
|style="text-align:center"|{{increase}} 20<br />
|style="text-align:right"|10<br />
|style="text-align:right"|18,87,442<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:right"|72.13<br />
|style="text-align:center"|{{increase}} 21.47<br />
|rowspan="12"|<ref name="wbme"/><ref>{{cite web|date=21 December 2021|title=KMC Election Result 2021: কলকাতা পুরভোটে ভোট শতাংশের নিরিখে কোন দল কোথায় দাঁড়িয়ে|url=https://kolkatatv.org/kolkata/kmc-election-result-2021-vote-percentage-of-tmc-bjp-left-front-congress/|work=[[Kolkata TV]]|language=bn|access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|style="text-align:right"|142<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:right"|3<br />
|style="text-align:center"|{{decrease}} 4<br />
|style="text-align:right"|48<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,41,053<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:right"|9.21<br />
|style="text-align:center"|{{decrease}} 6.76<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{party color|Left Front (West Bengal)}}"|<br />
|rowspan="4"|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:right"|128<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1<br />
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:right"|2<br />
|style="text-align:center"|{{decrease}} 9<br />
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:right"|65<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,52,610<br />
|style="text-align:right"|9.65<br />
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:right"|11.89<br />
|rowspan="4" style="text-align:center"|{{decrease}} 13.90<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1<br />
|style="text-align:center"|{{decrease}} 1<br />
|style="text-align:right"|26,763<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1.02<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}"|<br />
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]<br />
|style="text-align:right"|0<br />
|style="text-align:center"|{{decrease}} 2<br />
|style="text-align:right"|20,385<br />
|style="text-align:right"|0.78<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|All India Forward Bloc}}"|<br />
|[[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]]<br />
|style="text-align:right"|0<br />
|style="text-align:center"|{{decrease}} 1<br />
|style="text-align:right"|11,447<br />
|style="text-align:right"|0.44<br />
|-<br />
|colspan="2" rowspan="6"|''None''<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<br />
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br />
|style="text-align:right"|121<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:right"|2<br />
|style="text-align:center"|{{decrease}} 3<br />
|style="text-align:right"|16<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,07,763<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:right"|4.12<br />
|style="text-align:center"|{{decrease}} 2.47<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]<br />
|style="text-align:right"|6<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:right"|0<br />
|style="text-align:center"|{{steady}}<br />
|style="text-align:right"|0<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,558<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:right"|0.06<br />
|style="text-align:center"|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|<br />
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:right"|0<br />
|style="text-align:center"|{{steady}}<br />
|style="text-align:right"|0<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:right"|0.00<br />
|style="text-align:center"|<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent politician}}"|<br />
|[[Independent politician|Independents]]<br />
|style="text-align:right"| <br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:right"|3<br />
|style="text-align:center"|{{steady}}<br />
|style="text-align:right"|5<br />
|style="text-align:right"|63,501<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:right"|2.43<br />
|style="text-align:center"|{{increase}} 0.64<br />
|-<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Others}}"|<br />
|Others<br />
|style="text-align:right"|26<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:right"|0<br />
|style="text-align:center"|{{steady}}<br />
|style="text-align:right"|0<br />
|style="text-align:right"|4,261<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:right"|0.16<br />
|style="text-align:center"|<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="14"|<br />
|-<br />
|colspan="9"|'''Total Polled Votes / Voter Turnout'''<br />
|style="text-align:right"|'''26,16,786'''<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:right"|'''64.64'''<br />
|colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|<br />
|-<br />
|colspan="9"|'''Registered Voters'''<br />
|style="text-align:right"|'''40,48,357'''<br />
|colspan="2" style="text-align:right"|'''100.00'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Results by Wards===<br />
The Ward-wise Results were announced by the [[West Bengal State Election Commission]] after the counting.<ref name="TV9"/><br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|+ Results<ref name="wbme"/><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date= |title=Live Results: Kolkata Municipal Corporation Elections 2021 |url=https://www.news18.com/kolkata-municipal-corporation-election-results-2021-tally-live/ |work=[[News18]] |location= |access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 December 2021|title=KMC Election result 2021 (Ward wise Result 2021): কোন ওয়ার্ড কে নিল? একনজরে ওয়ার্ড ভিত্তিক ফলাফল|url=https://tv9bangla.com/elections/kolkata-municipal-corporation-election-result-2021-declared-kmc-election-result-2021-ward-wise-winner-list-2021-in-bangla-478670.html|work=TV9 Bangla|language=bn|access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref><br />
! colspan="2" |<br />
! colspan="4" |Winner<br />
! colspan="4" |Runner Up<br />
! rowspan="2" |Margin<br />
|-<br />
! Borough<br />
! Ward number<br />
! colspan="2" | Party<br />
! Candidate<br />
! Votes<br />
! colspan="2" | Party<br />
! Candidate<br />
! Votes<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="9" | I<br />
|[[Ward No. 1, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 1]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Kartick Chandra Manna<br />
|24,421<br />
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|Ashish Kumar Trivedi<br />
|2,752<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |21,669<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 2, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 2]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Kakali Sen<br />
|style="text-align:right"|27,503<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Debolina Sarkar<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,168<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |24,335<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 3, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 3]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Debika Chakraborty<br />
|style="text-align:right"|25,431<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Namita Das<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,417<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |22,014<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 4, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 4]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Goutam Haldar<br />
|style="text-align:right"|21,003<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Kanai Lal Podder<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,945<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |18,058<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 5, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 5]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Tarun Saha<br />
|style="text-align:right"|11,107<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Ramesh Pandey<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,033<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |10,074<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 6, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 6]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Suman Singh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|16,890<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Pramila Singh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|4,142<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |12,748<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 7, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 7]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Bapi Ghosh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|6,840<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Brajesh Jha<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,681<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |5,159<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 8, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 8]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Pooja Panja<br />
|style="text-align:right"|7,332<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Madhab Bose<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,241<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |6,091<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 9, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 9]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Mitali Saha<br />
|style="text-align:right"|6,261<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Dipika Bhattacharya<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,235<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |5,026<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="9" | II<br />
|[[Ward No. 10, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 10]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Subrata Banerjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|6,786<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]<br />
|Karuna Sengupta<br />
|style="text-align:right"|4,109<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |2,677<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 11, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 11]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|[[Atin Ghosh]]<br />
|style="text-align:right"|11,313<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Manas Sen Chowdhury<br />
|style="text-align:right"|887<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |10,426<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 12, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 12]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Dr. Minakshi Gangopadhyay<br />
|style="text-align:right"|7,306<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Tanusree Roy<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,859<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |5,447<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 15, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 15]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sukhla Bhore<br />
|style="text-align:right"|8,879<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Anita Das<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,408<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7,471<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 16, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 16]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Swapan Kumar Das<br />
|style="text-align:right"|7,922<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Sharad Kumar Singh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,114<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |6,808<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 17, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 17]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Mohan Kumar Gupta (Mona)<br />
|style="text-align:right"|11,097<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Moti Lal Ghosh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|832<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |10,265<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 18, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 18]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sunanda Sarkar<br />
|style="text-align:right"|11,870<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Srabani Chakraborty<br />
|style="text-align:right"|726<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |11,144<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 19, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 19]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sikha Saha<br />
|style="text-align:right"|8,792<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Ruma Bhattacharya<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,055<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7,737<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 20, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 20]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Vijay Upadhyay<br />
|style="text-align:right"|10,239<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Ajit Kumar Choudhury<br />
|style="text-align:right"|722<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |9,517<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="9" | III<br />
|[[Ward No. 13, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 13]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Anindya Kishor Routh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|18,665<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Birati Dutta<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,323<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |17,342<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 14, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 14]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Amal Chakraborty (Bhola)<br />
|style="text-align:right"|23,080<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}"|<br />
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]<br />
|Swapan Ghosh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,651<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |19,429<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 29, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 29]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Iqbal Ahmed<br />
|style="text-align:right"|16,127<br />
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Prakash Kumar Upadhyay<br />
|style="text-align:right"|11,461<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |4,666<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 30, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 30]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Papiya Ghosh (Biswas)<br />
|style="text-align:right"|11,315<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Saswati Dasgupta<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,853<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |9,462<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 31, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 31]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Paresh Paul<br />
|style="text-align:right"|22,619<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Sree Narayan Chowdhury<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,110<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |20,509<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 32, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 32]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Santi Ranjan Kundu<br />
|style="text-align:right"|26,198<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Joydeep Bhattacharya<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,652<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |24,546<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 33, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 33]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Chinu Biswas<br />
|style="text-align:right"|22,701<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Manisha Biswas<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,219<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |20,482<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 34, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 34]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Alokananda Das<br />
|style="text-align:right"|18,290<br />
|{{Party name with color|All India Forward Bloc}}<br />
|Namita Bose<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,045<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |17,245<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 35, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 35]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Ashutosh Das<br />
|style="text-align:right"|20,897<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Samir Chakraborty<br />
|style="text-align:right"|953<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |19,944<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="10" | IV<br />
|[[Ward No. 21, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 21]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Mira Hazra<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,851<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Sujata Saha<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,804<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |47<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 22, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 22]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Meena Devi Purohit<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,800<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Shyam Prokash Purohit<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,277<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,523<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 23, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 23]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Vijay Ojha<br />
|style="text-align:right"|4,356<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sanwarmal Agarwal<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,143<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |3,213<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 24, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 24]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Ellora Saha<br />
|style="text-align:right"|5,006<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Kamini Tiwari<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,590<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |2,416<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 25, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 25]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Rajesh Kumar Sinha<br />
|style="text-align:right"|6,966<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Sunil Harsh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,849<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |4,117<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 26, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 26]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Tarak Nath Chattopadhyay<br />
|style="text-align:right"|8,320<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Tapas Pramanik<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,267<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |6,053<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 27, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 27]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Minakshi Gupta<br />
|style="text-align:right"|8,745<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Manju Jaiswal<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,657<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7,088<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 28, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 28]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Ayan Chakraborty<br />
|style="text-align:right"|13,157<br />
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Shahina Javed<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,323<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |9,834<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 38, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 38]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sadhana Bose<br />
|style="text-align:right"|10,173<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Prosanta Dey (Gopal)<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,863<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |8,310<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 39, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 39]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Mohammad Jasimuddin<br />
|style="text-align:right"|5,333<br />
|{{Party name with color|All India Forward Bloc}}<br />
|Ali Hussain<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,808<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,525<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=11" | V<br />
|[[Ward No. 36, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 36]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sachin Kumar Singh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|12,536<br />
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Nandan Ghosh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,561<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |10,975<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 37, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 37]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Soma Chaudhuri<br />
|style="text-align:right"|10,495<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Mithu Das<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,224<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |9,271<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 40, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 40]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Suparna Dutta<br />
|style="text-align:right"|6,221<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Sefali Sharma<br />
|style="text-align:right"|928<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |5,293<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 41, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 41]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Reita Chowdhury<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,118<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Rajeev Kumar Sinha<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,006<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,112<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 42, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 42]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Mahesh Kumar Sharma<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,353<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Sunita Jhawar<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,625<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |728<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 43, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 43]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}<br />
|Ayesha Kaniz<br />
|style="text-align:right"|4,822<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Shagufta Parveen<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,711<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Independent}} ; color:black;" |2,111<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 44, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 44]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Rehana Khatoon<br />
|style="text-align:right"|7,351<br />
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Mohammed Zaid Anwar<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,029<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |4,322<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 45, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 45]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Santosh Kumar Pathak<br />
|style="text-align:right"|4,813<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Shakti Pratap Singh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,936<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;" |2,877<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 48, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 48]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Biswarup Dey<br />
|style="text-align:right"|7,564<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Chittaranjan Manna<br />
|style="text-align:right"|814<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |6,750<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 49, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 49]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Monalisa Banerjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|5,032<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Upaneeta Pandey<br />
|style="text-align:right"|503<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |4,529<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 50, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 50]]<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Sajal Ghosh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|4,552<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Mousumi Dey<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,499<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;" |1,053<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="10" | VI<br />
|[[Ward No. 46, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 46]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Priyanka Saha<br />
|style="text-align:right"|6,225<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Pinky Sonkar<br />
|style="text-align:right"|949<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |5,276<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 47, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 47]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Bimal Singh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|5,053<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Chitra Paul (Bosamia)<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,938<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |3,115<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 51, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 51]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Indranil Kumar<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,721<br />
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Ravindra Singh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,840<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,881<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 52, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 52]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sohini Mukherjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|6,693<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Kamini Samtani<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,315<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |4,378<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 53, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 53]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Indrani Saha Banerjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|8,384<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Gautam Dasgupta<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,675<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |5,709<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 54, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 54]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Amiruddin<br />
|style="text-align:right"|27,111<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Jahangir Mondal<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,109<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |26,002<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 55, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 55]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sabita Rani Das<br />
|style="text-align:right"|13,562<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Amrita Ghosh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,347<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |11,215<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 60, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 60]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Kaiser Jamil<br />
|style="text-align:right"|19,206<br />
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Nadim Md.<br />
|style="text-align:right"|8,226<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |10,980<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 61, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 61]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Manzar Iqbal<br />
|style="text-align:right"|19,739<br />
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Sajid Ismail<br />
|style="text-align:right"|962<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |18,777<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 62, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 62]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sana Ahmed<br />
|style="text-align:right"|20,254<br />
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Tarannum Jahan<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,335<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |16,919<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="9" | VII<br />
|[[Ward No. 56, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 56]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Swapan Samaddar<br />
|style="text-align:right"|18,828<br />
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Samir Alam<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,341<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |15,487<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 57, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 57]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Jiban Saha<br />
|style="text-align:right"|30,024<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Milan Dere<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,186<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |28,838<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 58, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 58]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sandipan Saha<br />
|style="text-align:right"|46,697<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Chandan Das<br />
|style="text-align:right"|5,874<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |40,823<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 59, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 59]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Jolly Bose<br />
|style="text-align:right"|34,216<br />
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Fatema Anjum<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,829<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |31,387<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 63, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 63]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Susmita Bhattacharya Chatterjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|5,962<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Naveen Kumar Mishra<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,219<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |3,743<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 64, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 64]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Shammi Jahan Begum<br />
|style="text-align:right"|19,015<br />
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Hossain Zahid<br />
|style="text-align:right"|730<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |18,285<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 65, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 65]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Nibedita Sharma<br />
|style="text-align:right"|28,428<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}"|<br />
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]<br />
|Anulekha Sinha<br />
|style="text-align:right"|5,758<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |22,670<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 66, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 66]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Ahmed Faiz Khan<br />
|style="text-align:right"|66,138<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Shaquib Akhtar<br />
|style="text-align:right"|4,093<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |62,045<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 67, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 67]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Bijan Lal Mukherjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|20,353<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Dipu Das<br />
|style="text-align:right"|10,063<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |10,290<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="11" | VIII<br />
|[[Ward No. 68, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 68]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sudarshana Mukherjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|4,337<br />
|{{Party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}<br />
|Tanima Chatterjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,505<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,832<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 69, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 69]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Dilip Bose<br />
|style="text-align:right"|13,127<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Kaushal Prasad Mishra<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,314<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |9,813<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 70, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 70]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Ashim Kumar Bose (Babai)<br />
|style="text-align:right"|6,164<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Bhim Singh Verma<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,136<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |4,028<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 72, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 72]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sandip Ranjan Bakshi<br />
|style="text-align:right"|4,683<br />
|{{Party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}<br />
|Satchidananda Banerjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,948<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,735<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 83, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 83]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Probir Kumar Mukhopadhyay<br />
|style="text-align:right"|8,725<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Arka Ranjan Bhattacharya<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,373<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7,352<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 84, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 84]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Paromita Chatterjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|5,421<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Tamasha Chatterjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,142<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |3,279<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 85, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 85]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|[[Debasish Kumar]] (Deba)<br />
|style="text-align:right"|11,416<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Ruby Mukherjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,452<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |9,964<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 86, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 86]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Saurav Basu (Bappa)<br />
|style="text-align:right"|5,383<br />
|{{Party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}<br />
|Gaurav Biswas<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,500<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |3,883<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 87, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 87]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Manisha Bose<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,017<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Anusree Chattopadhyay<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,196<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,821<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 88, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 88]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|[[Mala Roy]]<br />
|style="text-align:right"|9,461<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Kartick Mondal<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,104<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7,357<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 90, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 90]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Chaitali Chattopadhyay<br />
|style="text-align:right"|6,796<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Mowsumy Bhattacharya<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,195<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |5,601<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="10" | IX<br />
|[[Ward No. 71, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 71]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Papiya Singh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|10,815<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Pratima Ghosh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,954<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |8,861<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 73, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 73]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Kajari Banerjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|9,067<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Indrajit Khatick<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,574<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |6,493<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 74, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 74]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Debalina Biswas<br />
|style="text-align:right"|10,359<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Paramita Dutta<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,978<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7,381<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 75, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 75]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Nezamuddin Shams<br />
|style="text-align:right"|10,442<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Faiyaz Ahmad Khan<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,503<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |6,939<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 76, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 76]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sasti Das<br />
|style="text-align:right"|7,544<br />
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Soumen Paul<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,744<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |5,800<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 77, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 77]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Shamima Rehan Khan<br />
|style="text-align:right"|18,666<br />
|{{Party name with color|All India Forward Bloc}}<br />
|Sajda Parveen<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,589<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |16,077<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 78, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 78]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Soma Das<br />
|style="text-align:right"|23,322<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Bina Kanojia<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,571<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |20,751<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 79, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 79]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Ram Pyare Ram<br />
|style="text-align:right"|11,641<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Jitendra Trivedi<br />
|style="text-align:right"|4,513<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7,128<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 80, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 80]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Mohammad Anwar Khan<br />
|style="text-align:right"|9,336<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Ershad Ahmed Sain<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,512<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |5,824<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 82, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 82]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|[[Firhad Hakim]]<br />
|style="text-align:right"|17,609<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Pratap Sonkar<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,693<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |14,916<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="12" | X<br />
|[[Ward No. 81, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 81]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Jui Biswas<br />
|style="text-align:right"|18,029<br />
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Anindita Paul (Taniya Paul)<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,795<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |15,234<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 89, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 89]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Mamata Majumdar<br />
|style="text-align:right"|7,029<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]<br />
|Dr. Salil Chaudhury<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,441<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |4,588<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 91, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 91]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Baiswanor Chatterjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|13,444<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Surajit Sen Gupta (Kunal)<br />
|style="text-align:right"|6,151<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7,293<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 92, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 92]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br />
|Madhuchhanda Deb<br />
|style="text-align:right"|10,250<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Abhishek Mukherjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|6,828<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}} ; color:white;" |3,422<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 93, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 93]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Mousumi Das<br />
|style="text-align:right"|14,782<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Sumita Dasgupta<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,550<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |11,232<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 94, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 94]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sandip Nandi Majumdar<br />
|style="text-align:right"|10,562<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}"|<br />
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]<br />
|Bula Rani Seal<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,550<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |9,012<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 95, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 95]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Tapan Dasgupta<br />
|style="text-align:right"|12,104<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Anwesha Bhowmick<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,528<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |8,576<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 96, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 96]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Vasundhara Goswami<br />
|style="text-align:right"|10,526<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Dipali Goswami (Doli)<br />
|style="text-align:right"|4,639<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |5,887<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 97, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 97]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Debabrata Majumdar<br />
|style="text-align:right"|12,937<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Susanta Pal<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,979<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |9,958<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 98, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 98]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Arup Chakraborty<br />
|style="text-align:right"|8,734<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Mritunjoy Chakraborty (Pradip)<br />
|style="text-align:right"|8,440<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |294<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 99, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 99]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Mitali Banerjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|9,387<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}"|<br />
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]<br />
|Shikha Mukherjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|4,927<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |4,460<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 100, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 100]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Prosenjit Das<br />
|style="text-align:right"|12,413<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Mira Ghosh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|4,053<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |8,360<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" | XI<br />
|[[Ward No. 103, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 103]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br />
|Nandita Roy<br />
|style="text-align:right"|5,862<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sukumar Das<br />
|style="text-align:right"|5,770<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} ; color:white;" |92<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 104, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 104]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Tarakeswar Chakraborty<br />
|style="text-align:right"|13,053<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}"|<br />
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]]<br />
|Dhiraj Kumar Gangopadhyay<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,111<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |0,942<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 110, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 110]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Swaraj Kumar Mondal<br />
|style="text-align:right"|10,833<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Tanushree Mondal<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,065<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7,768<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 111, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 111]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sandip Das<br />
|style="text-align:right"|10,182<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Chayan Bhattacharya<br />
|style="text-align:right"|9,601<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |581<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 112, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 112]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Gopal Roy<br />
|style="text-align:right"|14,776<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Dr. Debojyoti Mazumder<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,662<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |12,114<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 113, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 113]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Anita Kar Majumdar Sil<br />
|style="text-align:right"|16,918<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Ajanta Das<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,001<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |13,917<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 114, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 114]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Biswajit Mandal<br />
|style="text-align:right"|16,721<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Mohit Kumar Bhattacharya<br />
|style="text-align:right"|5,971<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |10,750<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" | XII<br />
|[[Ward No. 101, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 101]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Bappaditya Dasgupta<br />
|style="text-align:right"|23,407<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Atanu Chatterjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,968<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |19,439<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 102, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 102]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sima Ghosh (Jaya)<br />
|style="text-align:right"|9,825<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Bhaswati Gangopadhyay<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,718<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |6,107<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 105, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 105]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sushila Mondal<br />
|style="text-align:right"|9,791<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Namita Dutta<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,345<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7,446<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 106, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 106]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Arijit Das Thakur (Rana)<br />
|style="text-align:right"|14,877<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Dipankar Mondal<br />
|style="text-align:right"|4,734<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |10,143<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 107, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 107]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Lipika Manna<br />
|style="text-align:right"|16,092<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Goutam Roy<br />
|style="text-align:right"|5,064<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |11,028<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 108, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 108]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sushanta Kumar Ghosh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|21,693<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Meghnath Halder<br />
|style="text-align:right"|5,087<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |16,606<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 109, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 109]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Ananya Banerjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|40,458<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Shikha Pujari<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,835<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |37,623<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" | XIII<br />
|[[Ward No. 115, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 115]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Ratna Sur<br />
|style="text-align:right"|10,809<br />
|{{Party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}<br />
|Rajat Sekhar<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,409<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7,400<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 116, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 116]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Krishna Singh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|11,561<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Swapna Banerjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,526<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |8,035<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 117, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 117]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Amit Singh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|9,329<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Kalyani Dasgupta<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,898<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7,431<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 118, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 118]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Tarak Singh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|10,275<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Dipankar Banik<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,116<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |8,159<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 119, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 119]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Kakali Bag<br />
|style="text-align:right"|6,679<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Rakhi Chatterjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,825<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |4,854<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 120, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 120]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Susanta Ghosh (Bua)<br />
|style="text-align:right"|7,670<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Gautam Adhikary (Bubun)<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,723<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |5,947<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 122, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 122]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Soma Chakraborty<br />
|style="text-align:right"|18,566<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Manju Kar<br />
|style="text-align:right"|7,268<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |11,298<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" | XIV<br />
|[[Ward No. 121, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 121]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Rupak Ganguly<br />
|style="text-align:right"|10,484<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Ashis Mondal (Valtu)<br />
|style="text-align:right"|4,720<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |5,764<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 127, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 127]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Malobika Baidya<br />
|style="text-align:right"|14,096<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Rina Bhakta<br />
|style="text-align:right"|13,182<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |914<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 128, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 128]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Partha Sarkar<br />
|style="text-align:right"|10,117<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Ratna Roy Majumder<br />
|style="text-align:right"|9,098<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,019<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 129, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 129]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sanhita Das<br />
|style="text-align:right"|15,970<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Mousumi Chatterjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|7,193<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |8,777<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 130, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 130]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Avijit Mukherjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|9,253<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Partha Sarathi Sarkar<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,037<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7,216<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 131, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 131]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|[[Ratna Chatterjee]]<br />
|style="text-align:right"|13,207<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Ranjan Dasgupta<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,000<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |10,207<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 132, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 132]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sanchita Mitra<br />
|style="text-align:right"|9,085<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Mita Ghosh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,835<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |6,250<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="9" | XV<br />
|[[Ward No. 133, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 133]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Ranajit Shil<br />
|style="text-align:right"|12,108<br />
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Mohammad Salim<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,136<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |10,972<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 134, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 134]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Shams Iqbal<br />
|style="text-align:right"|24,708<br />
|{{Party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}<br />
|Qaisar Khan<br />
|style="text-align:right"|418<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |24,290<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 135, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 135]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}<br />
|Rubina Naaz<br />
|style="text-align:right"|10,025<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Akhtari Nijami<br />
|style="text-align:right"|9,665<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Independent}} ; color:black;" |360<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 136, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 136]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Shamsuzzaman Ansari<br />
|style="text-align:right"|10,761<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Anil Kumar Verma<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,054<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |9,707<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 137, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 137]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Wasim Ansari<br />
|style="text-align:right"|6,670<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Rehmat Alam Anssari<br />
|style="text-align:right"|5,296<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;" |1,374<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 138, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 138]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Farida Parvin<br />
|style="text-align:right"|15,619<br />
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Mamtaj Begam<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,698<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |12,921<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 139, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 139]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sheikh Mushtaque Ahamed<br />
|style="text-align:right"|23,890<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Abu Kayes Molla<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,338<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |20,552<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 140, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 140]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Abu Mohammed Tarik<br />
|style="text-align:right"|11,186<br />
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|Abdul Ali Jahangir<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,987<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |7,199<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 141, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 141]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}<br />
|Purbasa Naskar<br />
|style="text-align:right"|11,844<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sibnath Gayen<br />
|style="text-align:right"|11,335<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Independent}} ; color:black;" |509<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" | XVI<br />
|[[Ward No. 123, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 123]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Sudip Polley (Nani)<br />
|style="text-align:right"|13,461<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Prosenjit Ghosh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|4,891<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |8,570<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 124, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 124]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Rajib Kumar Das<br />
|style="text-align:right"|13,887<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Sankar Sikder<br />
|style="text-align:right"|4,653<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |9,234<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 125, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 125]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Chhanda Sarkar<br />
|style="text-align:right"|20,993<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Priya Roy<br />
|style="text-align:right"|4,474<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |16,519<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 126, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 126]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Ghanasree Bagh<br />
|style="text-align:right"|14,160<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]<br />
|Biman Guha Thakurta<br />
|style="text-align:right"|3,560<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |10,600<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 142, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 142]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Raghunath Patra<br />
|style="text-align:right"|15,959<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Amar Das<br />
|style="text-align:right"|961<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |14,998<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 143, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 143]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Christina Biswas<br />
|style="text-align:right"|14,317<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|<br />
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
|Gargee Viswanathan<br />
|style="text-align:right"|2,465<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |11,852<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ward No. 144, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|Ward 144]]<br />
|{{Party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}<br />
|Shefali Pramanik<br />
|style="text-align:right"|5,214<br />
|style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"|<br />
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br />
|Biplab Banerjee<br />
|style="text-align:right"|1,461<br />
| style="background:{{party color|Trinamool Congress}} ; color:white;" |3,753<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]<br />
* [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]<br />
* [[2018 West Bengal local elections|2018 West Bengal Panchayat elections]]<br />
* [[2019 Indian general election in West Bengal]]<br />
* [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]<br />
* [[2024 Indian general election in West Bengal]]<br />
* [[2021 elections in India]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
===Notes===<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
===Citations===<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]<br />
[[Category:2021 elections in India]]<br />
[[Category:Municipal corporation elections in India|Kolkata]]<br />
[[Category:Local elections in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:2020s in Kolkata]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makarand_Deshpande&diff=471926Makarand Deshpande2025-12-13T09:55:25Z<p>Ranehospital: updated details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actor, writer, and director (born 1966)}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Makarand Deshpande<br />
| image = Makarand Deshpande.jpg<br />
| caption = Makarand Deshpande at Zee Marathi TV serial 'Kesari' launch<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1966|3|6}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Actor]]|[[Film director|director]]|[[writer]]|[[Film producer|producer]]}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Makarand Deshpande''' (born 6 March 1966) is an Indian actor, writer, and director in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]], [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]], [[Marathi cinema|Marathi]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]], [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]], [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] films, and Indian theatre. He is often seen in supporting and pivotal roles in films like ''Jungle'', ''[[Sarfarosh (1999 film)|Sarfarosh]]'', ''[[Swades]]'', ''[[Makdee]]'', ''[[Satya]]'',''[[Bbuddah... Hoga Terra Baap]]'' and ''[[Darna Zaroori Hai]]'' where he plays drunkard, wayfarer, and comic roles. He has directed five films.<ref>{{cite news|title=SRK not my pal: Makrand in 2012 |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-17/news-interviews/28225548_1_shah-rukh-khan-srk-cameo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527143423/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-17/news-interviews/28225548_1_shah-rukh-khan-srk-cameo|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 May 2012|access-date=2 May 2011|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 November 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
His contribution to the theatre includes over 50 short plays and 40 full-length plays, including ''Sir Sir Sirla'', ''Joke'', ''Maa In Transit'', ''Krishna Kidding'', and ''Shakepearcha Mhatara''. His recent play, ''Patni'', with [[Niladri Kumar]] has been a hit across the country. His work in theatre started in 1990 at Prithvi Theatre with support from Sanjana Kapoor. He started Ansh Theatre Group in the year 1993, along with [[Kay Kay Menon]], who remains one of the pillars of the group.<br />
<br />
Deshpande is known for his role in the Kannada-language film series ''[[Dandupalya (film)|Dandupalya]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/happy-birthday-makarand-deshpande-makdee-to-dagadi-chawl-top-performances-of-the-versatile-actor-7217305.html |title=Happy Birthday Makarand Deshpande: ''Makdee'' to ''Dagadi Chawl'', Top Performances of the Versatile Actor | date=6 March 2023 |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528093956/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/happy-birthday-makarand-deshpande-makdee-to-dagadi-chawl-top-performances-of-the-versatile-actor-7217305.html |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
He made his English-language debut in the 2024 film ''[[Monkey Man (film)|Monkey Man]]'', directed by [[Dev Patel]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=D'Alessandro |first1=Anthony |title=Dev Patel's 'Monkey Man' Springs From Netflix To Monkeypaw & Universal, Sets April Theatrical Release – Watch The New Trailer |url=https://deadline.com/2024/01/monkey-man-dev-patel-jordan-peele-release-1235805732/ |access-date=27 January 2024 |work=Deadline |date=26 January 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Television==<br />
* ''[[Aahat (Indian TV series)|Aahat]]'' (1998) as Panna (season 1- episode 142 and 143)<br />
* ''[[Circus (Indian TV series)|Circus]]'' (1989)<br />
* ''Devta'' as Suraj (1996)<br />
* ''Filmi Chakkar'' as Papa Natekar (1994)<br />
* ''Waqt Ki Raftaar''<br />
* ''[[Sailaab (TV series)|Sailaab]]''<br />
* ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]'' (season 1- guest appearance)<br />
* ''[[Asmita (TV series)|Asmita]]'' as Deshmukh Saheb (2014) (Guest Appearance - Ep 97)<br />
* ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'' as Vijay Saxena<br />
* ''[[Vikram Betaal Ki Rahasya Gatha]]'' (2018) (Betaal)<br />
*[[Maharashtracha Superstar|''Maharashtracha Superstar'' 2]] as Judge<br />
<br />
=== Web Series ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Title<br />
!Role<br />
!Platform<br />
!Notes<br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
|''[[Inside Edge (TV series)|Inside Edge]]''<br />
|Mukund Pansare<br />
|[[Amazon Prime Video]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2019<br />
|''[[Modi: Journey of a Common Man]]''<br />
|Laxman Inamdar / Vakil Sahab<br />
|[[Eros Now]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[The Verdict – State vs Nanavati]]''<br />
|Public Prosecutor Chandu Trivedi<br />
|[[ALTBalaji]] and [[List of ZEE5 original web series|ZEE5]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|''[[Hundred (TV series)|Hundred]]''<br />
|Satyendra Ahir aka Sattu Uncle<br />
|[[Hotstar]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|''[[Shoorveer (TV series)|Shoorveer]]''<br />
|Milind Phanse<br />
|[[Hotstar]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|''[[The Fame Game (TV series)|The Fame Game]]''<br />
|Harilal<br />
|[[Netflix]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|''[[The Jengaburu Curse]]''<br />
|Dr. Panigrahi<br />
|[[SonyLIV]]<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
<br />
===Director===<br />
*''Danav'' (2003)<br />
*''Hanan'' (2004)<br />
*''[[Shahrukh Bola "Khoobsurat Hai Tu"]]'' (2010)<br />
*''[[Sona Spa]]'' (2013)<br />
*''Saturday Sunday'' (Marathi) (2014)<br />
<br />
===Actor===<br />
====Hindi====<br />
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}<br />
*''[[Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak]]'' (1988) (as Mac Deshpanday) as Baba<br />
*''[[Salim Langde Pe Mat Ro]]'' (1989) as Peera<br />
*''[[Prahaar: The Final Attack]]'' (1991) as Shirley's brother<br />
*''[[Anth]]'' (1994) as Kali<br />
*''[[Sir (1993 film)|Sir]]'' (1993) as Mak<br />
*''[[Bedardi]]'' (1993) as Gulla, Goon<br />
*''[[Pehla Nasha]]'' (1993)<br />
*''[[Jazbaat (1994 film)|Jazbaat]]'' as Babban<br />
*''[[Naajayaz]]'' (1995) as Street Singer<br />
*''[[Naseem (film)|Naseem]]'' (1995) <br />
*''[[Fareb (1996 film)|Fareb]]'' (1996)<br />
*''[[Ghatak: Lethal]]'' (1996) as Punk (repeatedly slapped by Kashi)<br />
*''[[Udaan (1997 film)|Udaan]]'' (1997) (as Makarand Deshpande) as Masoombhai Dayachan<br />
*''[[Satya (1998 film)|Satya]]'' (1998) (as Makarand Deshpande) as Advocate Chandrakant Mule<br />
*''[[Sarfarosh (1999 film)|Sarfarosh]]'' (1999) as Shiva<br />
*''[[Jungle (2000 film)|Jungle]]'' (2000) as Dorai Swamy<br />
*''[[Ghaath (2000 film)|Ghaath]]'' (2000) as Happy Singh<br />
*''Ek Aur Visphot'' (2002) as Mun. Comm. Omkar Manav<br />
*''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]'' (2002) as Narrator<br />
*''[[Pyaar Diwana Hota Hai]]'' (2002) (as Makrandh Deshpandey) as Bhiku<br />
*''[[Lal Salaam (2002 film)|Lal Salaam]]'' (2002) as Rajayya<br />
*''[[Road (2002 film)|Road]]'' (2002) as Inderpal, Truck driver<br />
*''[[Makdee]]'' (2002) as Kallu, the village butcher<br />
*''[[Market (2003 film)|Market]]'' (2003) as Anthony Kaalia<br />
*''[[Chameli (film)|Chameli]]'' (2003) as Taxi driver<br />
*''Hanan'' (2004) as Surya<br />
*''[[Paisa Vasool (2004 film)|Paisa Vasool]]'' (2004)<br />
*''[[Ek Se Badhkar Ek (2004 film)|Ek Se Badhkar Ek]]'' (2004) as Krishnamurthy<br />
*''[[Swades]]'' (2004) as Fakir<br />
*''[[Khamoshh... Khauff Ki Raat]]'' (2005) as Manas Dutta<br />
*''[[Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena (film)|Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena]]'' (2005) as Poker Player<br />
*''[[Darna Zaroori Hai]]'' (2006) as Rahul<br />
*''[[Yun Hota Toh Kya Hota]]'' (2006)<br />
*''[[Krazzy 4]]'' (2008) as Drunk<br />
*''[[Guzaarish (film)|Guzaarish]]'' (2010)<br />
*''[[Khatta Meetha (2010 film)|Khatta Meeta]]'' (2010)<br />
*''[[That Girl in Yellow Boots]]'' (2010) as Post Master<br />
*''[[Bbuddah... Hoga Terra Baap]]'' (2011)<br />
*''[[My Friend Pinto]]'' (2011) as Don<br />
*''Kalpvriksh'' (2012)<br />
*''[[Jackpot (2013 film)|Jackpot]]'' (2013)<br />
*''[[Issaq]]'' (2013)<br />
*''[[Satya 2]]'' (2013) (voiceover)<br />
*''[[Aa Gaya Hero]]'' (2017)<br />
*''[[Hawaa Hawaai]]'' (2014)<br />
*''Mogali Puvvu'' (2015)<br />
*''Pratichhaya'' (2016)<br />
*''[[Meri Beti Sunny Leone Banna Chaahti Hai]]'' (2017) as Father<br />
*''[[Fukrey Returns]]'' (2017) as Father of the main character<br />
*''The Wishing Tree'' (2017) as Sadho<br />
*''[[Hanuman: Da' Damdaar]]'' (2017) as Voice of Vishrav<br />
*''Game of Ayodhya'' (2017)<br />
*''[[Mere Pyare Prime Minister]]'' (2019)<br />
*''[[Junglee (2019 film)|Junglee]]'' (2019)<br />
*''[[Chicken Curry Law]]'' (2019)<br />
*''[[Bombay Rose]]'' (2019)<br />
*''[[Malang (film)|Malang]]'' (2020) as Tony<br />
*''[[Sadak 2]]'' (2020) as Gyaan Prakash aka Guruji<br />
*[[Liger (film)|''Liger'']] (2021)<br />
*''[[12 'O' Clock (film)|12 'O' Clock]]'' (2021) as Rao<br />
*''[[Shoorveer (TV series)|Shoorveer]]'' (2022)<br />
*''[[Bholaa]]'' (2023)<br />
*''[[Chhota Bheem and the Curse of Damyaan (2024 film)|Chhota Bheem and the Curse of Damyaan]]'' (2024) as Skhandi<br />
*''[[Jaat (film)|Jaat]]'' (2025) as a villager<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
====Marathi====<br />
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}<br />
* ''[[Ek Ratra Mantarleli]]'' (1989)<br />
* ''[[Rita (2009 Indian film)|Rita]]'' (2009)<br />
* ''[[Samaantar]]'' (2009)<br />
* ''[[Ajintha (film)|Ajintha]]'' (2012)<br />
* ''[[Panhala (film)|Panhala]]'' (2015)<br />
* ''[[Dagadi Chawl]]'' (2015)<br />
*''Mazhi Tapasya'' (2016) Baburao<br />
* ''[[Truckbhar Swapna]]'' (2018)<br />
* ''Chatrapati Shasan'' (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/chatrapati-shasan-marathi-movie-poster-launch-6018859.html|title='छत्रपती शासन' चित्रपट लवकरच प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला, पोस्टर झाले लॉन्च|date=2019-02-05|website=divyamarathi|language=mr|access-date=2019-03-09|archive-date=4 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804005219/https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/chatrapati-shasan-marathi-movie-poster-launch-6018859.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/chhatrapati-shasan-making-you-aware-of-the-thoughts-of-chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj-1849566/|title=शिवाजी महाराजांच्या विचारांची जाणीव करून देणारा 'छत्रपती शासन'|date=2019-02-28|website=Loksatta|language=mr-IN|access-date=2019-03-09|archive-date=27 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227000400/https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/chhatrapati-shasan-making-you-aware-of-the-thoughts-of-chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj-1849566/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
* ''[[Aathva Rang Premacha]]'' (2021)<br />
* ''[[Daagadi Chawl 2]]'' (2022)<br />
* ''[[Satarcha Salman]]'' (2023) as Arun Kalbhor<br />
* ''[[Alyad Palyad]]'' (2024) <ref>{{cite web |title=Alyad Palyad Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} अल्याड पल्याड {{!}} Exclusive 2024 - Rang Marathi |url=https://rangmarathi.com/alyad-palyad-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=5 May 2024 |date=14 March 2024}}</ref><br />
* ''Amhi Jarange'' (2024) <ref>{{cite web |title=Amhi Jarange Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} आम्ही जरांगे {{!}} Exclusive 2024 - Rang Marathi |url=https://rangmarathi.com/amhi-jarange-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=31 May 2024 |date=17 April 2024}}</ref> <br />
* ''PaniPuri'' (2024) <ref>{{cite web |title=PaniPuri Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} पाणीपुरी {{!}} PaniPuri Marathi Movie {{!}} Exclusive 2024 |url=https://rangmarathi.com/panipuri-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=28 September 2024 |date=20 September 2024}}</ref><br />
* ''Chaabi'' (2025)<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
====Malayalam====<br />
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}<br />
*''[[No. 66 Madhura Bus]] '' (2012) as Sanjayan<br />
*''[[Amen (2013 film)|Amen]]'' (2013) as Shevaliyar Pothachan<br />
*''[[Bhaiyya Bhaiyya]]'' (2014) as Maoist Leader<br />
*''[[Two Countries]]'' (2015) as Patelkar Ji<br />
*''[[Pulimurugan]]'' (2016) as Ramaiyya<br />
*''[[Kuttikalundu Sookshikkuka]]'' (2016) as Kareem Usthad<br />
*''[[Team 5]]'' (2017)<br />
*''[[Sayanna Varthakal]]'' (2022)<br />
*''[[Voice of Sathyanathan]] '' (2023) as Saahi Bhai<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dileep's Voice of Sathyanathan censored |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/jul/06/dileeps-voice-of-sathyanathan-censored-45344.html |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
====Telugu====<br />
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}<br />
*''[[Jalsa]]'' (2008) as Naxalite<br />
*''[[Ek Niranjan]]'' (2009) as Chidambaram<br />
*''[[Bombhaat]]'' (2020) as Mad Scientist<br />
*''[[Liger (film)|Liger]]'' (2022) as Mallesh<br />
*''[[Romantic (film)|Romantic]]'' (2021) as Samsun<br />
*''[[RRR]]'' (2022) as Peddayya<br />
*''[[Thaggedele]]'' (2022) as Krishna<br />
*''[[Spy (2023 film)|Spy]]'' (2023) as [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW]] Chief Sastry<br />
*''[[Hidimbha]]'' (2023)<br />
*''[[Rules Ranjann]]'' (2023)<br />
*''[[Razakar (film)|Razakar]]'' (2024)<br />
*''[[Tiragabadara Saami]]'' (2024) as Konda Reddy<br />
*''[[Daaku Maharaaj]]'' (2025) as Govind Gujjar<br />
*''[[Hari Hara Veera Mallu]]'' (2025) as Meera<br />
*''[[Kishkindhapuri]]'' (2025) as Swamiji{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
====Kannada====<br />
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}<br />
*''[[Dandupalya (film)|Dandupalya]]'' (2012) as Dandupalya Krishna<br />
*''[[Aakramana]]'' (2014)<br />
*''[[Abhinetri (2015 film)|Abhinetri]]'' (2015)<br />
*''[[Shivam (2015 Kannada film)|Shivam]]'' (2015)<br />
*''[[Dandupalya 2]]'' (2017) as Krishna<br />
*''[[Dandupalya 3]]'' (2018)<br />
*''[[Adyaksha in America]]'' (2019) as Seth<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
====Tamil====<br />
*''[[Lisaa]]'' (2019) as Raghavan<br />
*''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]'' (2023) as Chief Kalamugar<br />
*''[[Jailer (2023 Tamil film)|Jailer]]'' (2023) as Sikandar Singh<br />
<br />
====English====<br />
*''[[Monkey Man (film)|Monkey Man]]'' (2024) as Baba Shakti<br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
* Suvarnaratna Lifetime Achievement Awards-2025 <br />
* Nominated [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Marathi]] for film [[Dagdi Chawl]]<br />
;[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]<br />
*Best Actor in a Negative Role for ''[[Dandupalya (film)|Dandupalya]]'' and ''[[No. 66 Madhura Bus]]'' [[File:Makrand Deshpande.jpg|thumb|Makrand Deshpande Latest Picture 2017]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.3to6.com/final_theatre/Makrand%20Deshpande.htm Interview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018023849/http://www.3to6.com/final_theatre/Makrand%20Deshpande.htm |date=18 October 2006 }}<br />
*{{IMDb name|id=0221218|name=Makrand Deshpande}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Deshpande, Makarand}}<br />
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]<br />
[[Category:Film directors from Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1966 births]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:People from Palghar district]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]</div>Ranehospitalhttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Golden_Howdah&diff=463413Golden Howdah2025-11-18T10:53:22Z<p>Ranehospital: enhanced references as per guidelines additionally and fixed typos per standard format</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Carrier on the leading elephant in the Mysore Dasara}}{{More citations needed|date=November 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}[[File:ChamundiElephant (1674177).jpg|thumb|Golden Howdah atop the leading elephant during Dasara]]<br />
The '''Golden Howdah''','ಚಿನ್ನದ ಅಂಬಾರಿ'(elephant seat or Chinnada Ambari in [[Kannada]]) is a [[howdah]], the carrier mounted on the leading elephant during the [[Jamboo Savari]] (Elephant Procession) of the famous [[Mysore Dasara]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}} In 2025, 60-year-old elephant [[Abhimanyu (elephant)|Abhimanyu]] carried the Golden Howdah in the procession for the sixth and final time.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karthik KK |date=3 October 2025 |title=Jamboo Savari: Abhimanyu’s final march with Chamundeshwari draws lakhs in Mysuru |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2025/Oct/03/jamboo-savari-abhimanyus-final-march-with-chamundeshwari-draws-lakhs |access-date=2025-11-18 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref><br />
<br />
== The Golden Howdah ==<br />
The exact date of its making is not known. The car-sized 750-kg howdah, used in the [[Jamboo Savari]] (elephant procession) on the Vijayadashami day, has two rows of wide seats. The Rajas of [[Mysore]] used this howdah in the famous Dasara procession, which traversed through the thoroughfares of the princely city during the festival every year. Since the abolition of royalty the statue of Chamundeshwari is carried in the howdah. The core structure is wood and it was covered in filigreed gold sheets weighing 85 kilograms by "Swarnakala Nipuna" Singannacharya. It has three carved pillars on each of the four sides. It is covered with a canopy resembling a crown. There are five sacred "Kalashas" on top of it. The seat itself is made of silver embellished with designs.<br />
<br />
== The Procession ==<br />
The Golden Howdah is mounted on the lead elephant with the idol of (''Nadadevathe'') [[Chamundeshwari]] placed in it. The procession passes through the [[Mysore]] city, beginning at [[Mysore Palace]] and terminating at Bannimantapa. The elephant carrying the howdah is trained and groomed to do the job years before it actually does it. The elephant [[Balarama (elephant)|Balarama]] participated in the procession 19 times and carried the howdah on thirteen occasions between 1999 and 2011. In 2012, the elephant [[Arjuna (elephant)|Arjuna]] took over the task of carrying the howdah in processions.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Culture of Mysore]]</div>Ranehospital