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K. M. Abraham (civil servant)

2026-05-08T13:36:02Z

Rakshasingh12: Done

{{Short description|Indian Administrative Service Officer}}
{{Indian patronymic|Abraham|Kandathil Mathew}}
{{Tone|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image =
| governor = [[P. Sathasivam]]
| predecessor = [[Nalini Netto]] [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| term_start = August 2017
| term_end = December 2017
| office = [[Chief Secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]], [[Government of Kerala]]
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list|[[University of Kerala]]|[[IIT Kanpur]]|[[University of Michigan]]}}
| native_name =
| birth_place = [[Kollam district|Kollam]], [[Kerala]], India
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1958|05|03|df=yes}}
| successor = [[Paul Antony (Bureaucrat)|Paul Antony IAS]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Bureaucrat|Financial analyst}}
| awards = [[Satyendra K. Dubey Memorial Award]]
| name = Dr. K. M. Abraham
}}

'''Kandathil Mathew Abraham''' (born 3 May 1958) is an Indian bureaucrat and retired [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officer]], who was the Chief Principal Secretary to the [[Chief Minister of Kerala]]. He also served as the chief executive officer of the [[Kerala Infrastructure Investment Fund Board]] (KIIFB) and Executive Vice Chairperson of Kerala Development and Innovation Strategic Council.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Radhakrishnan|first=S, Anil|date=2021-05-25|title=Dr. Abraham appointed Chief Principal Secretary to CM|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/dr-abraham-appointed-chief-principal-secretary-to-cm/article34641600.ece|access-date=2021-06-17|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He retired as the Chief Secretary of Kerala in December 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-08-30|title=K.M. Abraham is Chief Secretary|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/km-abraham-to-benext-chief-secretary/article19588048.ece|access-date=2021-06-17|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He belongs to the 1982 batch of IAS. He was instrumental in bringing out the [[Sahara India Pariwar investor fraud case|Sahara Group Scam]] when he was a member of the [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]].

==Education==
Abraham did his [[Bachelor of Technology|B.Tech]] in Civil Engineering from [[University of Kerala]] and his [[Master of Technology|M.Tech]] in Industrial Management from [[IIT Kanpur]]. He completed his [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] from [[University of Michigan]] in Technology Policy in the Urban, Technology and Environment Program (UTEP).

He is also a [https://www.cfainstitute.org/ Chartered Financial Analyst] (CFA) and has completed the Licensed International Financial Analyst (LIFA) certification.

He holds a Diploma in Business Finance from [[Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India|ICFAI, Hyderabad]].

He has completed online courses in a range of subjects that include Neural Networks and Deep Learning, Probabilistic Graphical Models, Machine Learning, Big Data, Hadoop Platform and Application Framework, R and Python Programming.

== Career ==

=== Early career ===
Abraham started his career as a lecturer in Civil Engineering in the [[TKM College of Engineering]] under the [[University of Kerala]]. He then joined the [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] in 1982 and served as Assistant Collector (Under Training) in [[Kollam district]]. After his training he served as Sub Collector in both [[Ernakulam district]] and [[Thiruvananthapuram district]].

=== District Collector ===
He was District Collector in [[Alappuzha district]] and [[Ernakulam district]] during the period 1994–1996. During this period, he officiated as Mayor of the [[Kochi Municipal Corporation]] for a brief period.

=== Secretary in Finance Department ===
He was Secretary in Finance Department from 1996 to 2002. During this period, he is credited to have led the Modernizing Government Programme (MGP) – the first comprehensive governance and fiscal reforms programme at the State level in the country financed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), with supplementary grant support by the Government of Netherlands (RNE), and the Government of United Kingdom (DFID).

The Management Information Systems used in the State for Budgeting and in Treasury operations are credited to him during this period.

During this time he drafted the original legislation for establishing the Kerala Infrastructure Investment Fund in 1999 – precursor to the current KIIFB.

=== Professor of Finance, Asian School of Business ===
In 2006, he took a sabbatical to serve as the Professor of Finance for one year in the [https://www.asb.ac.in/ Asian School of Business] [<nowiki/>[[Asian School of Business|*]]] at Thiruvananthapuram.

=== Visiting Faculty, IIT Kanpur ===
He also served as a Visiting Faculty in the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur between 2003 and 2007 in the Industrial Management and Engineering Department

=== Secretary/Principal Secretary ===

=== (Higher Education, Revenue and Food and Civil Supplies & Science and Technology, Personnel & Administrative Reforms Departments) ===
He has also served for various stints as Secretary in Higher Education, Revenue and Food and Civil Supplies and the Personnel & Administrative Reforms Departments before he took up an assignment as Whole Time Member in the [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]].

=== Whole Time Member – SEBI ===
He served as Whole Time Member in [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]] from 2008 to 2011. During his tenure at SEBI, he exposed the financial irregularities at [[Sahara India Pariwar]] which culminated in the [[Supreme Court of India]] upholding his judgement as member. As on 31 March 2021, SEBI had recovered {{currency|15473|INR}} [[crore]] out of {{INR|23000}} crore from the Sahara Group of Companies (SHICL and SIRECL), making this the biggest penalty levied in the financial markets to date .

He was in charge of the Secondary Markets, Investigation and Surveillance Divisions and the International Affairs Division during his tenure at SEBI.

=== Additional Chief Secretary – Higher Education ===
In 2011–2014, he served as the Additional Chief Secretary in Higher Education.

During this period, the largest skilling programme ([https://asapkerala.gov.in/ Additional Skills Acquisition Programme (ASAP]) was initiated in colleges and schools, with assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

He is credited with having drafted the legislation for granting autonomy to colleges in Kerala. Twenty three colleges in Kerala were granted autonomy under this framework.

Several key programmes like Fostering Linkages in Academic Innovation and. Research ([http://collegiateedu.kerala.gov.in/?page_id=326 FLAIR]), Walk with a Scholar ([http://collegiateedu.kerala.gov.in/?page_id=320 WWS]), the Honors Programme at Graduate Levels in English, Mathematics, Economics and Commerce were initiated by him.

He has also served as the Vice Chancellor in four Universities (Kerala, Mahatma Gandhi, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) and Kannur Universities) during his time for various periods.

=== Additional Chief Secretary – Social Justice ===
He served concurrently as Additional Chief Secretary in Social Justice Department in 2012–14.

The Nirbhaya Programme for women in distress, the country's first Cochlear Implant Programme, the first State Policy for Transgenders, Early Intervention Programmes for Disabilities, and the [http://www.nipmr.org.in/ National Institute of Physical Education and Medical Research (NIPMER)] in Thrissur District are projects and programmes credited to his leadership.

=== Additional Chief Secretary – Finance ===
During 2014–2017 he served as the Finance Secretary in Government.

It was during this period that the Kerala Infrastructure Investment Fund Act was amended. [https://kiifb.org/ KIIFB], fully equipped to leverage the innovations in financial markets in India came into existence. He was appointed as chief executive officer, KIIFB and continues to serve in that role.

=== Chief Secretary ===
He retired as Chief Secretary in the [[Government of Kerala]] in December 2017.

== Current roles in Government of Kerala ==

* '''Chief Principal Secretary to the Chief Minister of Kerala'''
* '''Chief Executive Officer, [https://www.kiifb.org KIIFB]'''
* '''Executive Vice Chairperson, [https://kdisc.kerala.gov.in/ Kerala Development and Innovation Strategic Council (K-DISC)]'''

== Membership in Professional Bodies ==

* (Member) Chartered Financial Analyst Institute, USA
* (Member) Global Association of Risk Professionals (GARP)

== Areas of academic interest ==

* Emerging Technology Adoption in Public Sector (Blockchain, Deep Learning, Internet of Things)
* Corporate Finance, Financial Accounting, Management Accounting, Securities Analysis, Risk Management, Debt Markets, Portfolio Management, Public Finance.

== Awards and honors ==

* 16th Archbishop Mar Gregorious Award for Outstanding Service to Social Justice (2018)
* One of the top ten Personality Brand Names selected by Dhanam Magazine (2018)
* Special Award by Campaign for Judicial Accountability and Reforms with National Campaign for People's right to Information for integrity, honesty and professional excellence (2017)
* [[Satyendra K. Dubey Memorial Award]] conferred by the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Alumni Association for displaying highest professional integrity and honesty (2016)
* GFiles Governance Award for Exceptional Achievement (2014)
* Selected by ''[[India Today]]'' among top ten bureaucrats in the State of Kerala (2014)

== References ==
<references />

{{Indian civil servants}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abraham, Kandathil Mathew}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers from Kerala]]
[[Category:District magistrate]]
[[Category:Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy alumni]]
[[Category:University of Kerala alumni]]
[[Category:IIT Kanpur alumni]]
[[Category:People from Kollam]]

Cuba–India relations

2026-05-02T16:18:04Z

Rakshasingh12: Made a stub and citations

{{Infobox bilateral relations
| title = Cuba–India relations
| party1 = Cuba
| party2 = India
| map = Cuba India Locator.png
| filetype =
| size =
| mission1 = [[Embassy of India, Havana|Embassy of India in Havana]]
| mission2 = Embassy of Cuba in New Delhi
| envoytitle1 = Ambassador
| envoy1 = T. Armstrong Changsan<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ambassador|url=https://eoi.gov.in/havana/?1892?000|access-date=2021-10-02|website=eoi.gov.in}}</ref>
| envoytitle2 = Ambassador
| envoy2 = Oscar Martinez Cordoves<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://misiones.minrex.gob.cu/en/articulo/commemorated-india-58th-anniversary-triumph-cuban-revolution| title=Commemorated in India the 58th Anniversary of the triumph of the Cuban Revolution| date=13 January 2017| access-date=28 January 2017| archive-date=15 June 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615095442/http://misiones.minrex.gob.cu/en/articulo/commemorated-india-58th-anniversary-triumph-cuban-revolution| url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}

'''Cuba–India relations''' are the bilateral ties between the [[Republic of Cuba]] and the [[Republic of India]]. The two countries share a warm and close relationship marked by mutual respect, solidarity and cooperation.

== History ==
India was among the first nations to recognize Cuba following the 1959 [[Cuban Revolution|Cuban revolution]]. Following the revolution, [[Fidel Castro]] sent [[Che Guevara|Ernesto "Che" Guevara]] to India on a two-week visit. Guevara arrived in [[New Delhi]] on 30 June 1959. He met with Indian Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] the next day. Nehru presented Guevara with an [[ivory]] handled ''[[Kukri|khukri]]'' in a walnut [[scabbard]]. Today, the ''khukri'' is preserved at the Centro de Estudios Che Guevara in [[Havana]]. In his report on the meeting, Guevara noted, "Nehru received us with an amiable familiarity of a patriarchal grandfather but with noble interest in the dedication and struggles of the Cuban people." The two delegations agreed to establish diplomatic missions and increase trade as soon as possible. Guevara and the Cuban delegation also met with Indian Defence Minister [[V. K. Krishna Menon]], senior defence officers, members of the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]]. He also visited the Cottage Industries Emporium, the Okhla Industrial Area, the Agricultural Research Institute and the National Physical Laboratory. Guevara also met with the Chilean ambassador in New Delhi and was interviewed by journalist K.P. Bhanumathy for All India Radio. Guevara also visited Kolkata before departing India. Despite his preference for violent struggle, Guevara expressed appreciation for Mahatma Gandhi. Upon his return to Cuba, Guevara wrote, "In India, the word war is so distant from the spirit of the people that they did not use it even in the tensest moments of their struggle for independence. The great demonstrations of collective peaceful discontent forced the English colonialism to leave forever the land that they devastated during one hundred and fifty years."<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thebetterindia.com/76337/cuba-india-fidel-castro-che-guevara-delhi/|title=Did You Know Fidel Castro Sent Che Guevara to India Way Back in 1959?|date=2016-11-28|newspaper=The Better India|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-28}}</ref>

India opened its embassy in [[Havana]] in January 1960, just six months after Guevara's visit.<ref name=":0" /> This had particular significance as it symbolised Indian solidarity with the Cuban revolution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cubaminrex.cu/english/currentissues/Excellent%20Relations%20Between.htm|title=Excellent Relations Between Cuba and India {{sic|nolink=y|reason=error in source|Acknolwedged}}|access-date=2013-06-02|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119065056/http://www.cubaminrex.cu/English/currentissues/Excellent%20Relations%20Between.htm|archive-date=2013-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mea.gov.in/mystart.php?id%3D50049866|title=Archived copy|access-date=2015-02-21|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114213901/http://mea.gov.in/mystart.php?id=50049866|archive-date=2011-11-14}}</ref> Cuba maintains an embassy in [[New Delhi]].<ref>[http://www.cubadiplomatica.cu/india/EN/]{{dead link|date=October 2016}}</ref>

There have been several high level visits between leaders of the two countries. Cuban President Fidel Castro visited India in 1973 and 1983. Indian Prime Ministers Rajiv Gandhi and Manmohan Singh visited Cuba in 1985 and 2006 respectively.<ref name="MEAJan2016"/>

India has always voted in favour of UN General Assembly resolutions calling for an end to the [[United States embargo against Cuba]]. Cuba has publicly expressed support for India's candidature for a permanent seat in the UN Security Council on numerous occasions.<ref name="MEAJan2016">{{cite web|title=Cuba-India relations|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Cuba_Jan_2016_en.pdf|website=Ministry of External Affairs|access-date=28 January 2017|date=January 2016}}</ref> Both nations are also members of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]]. [[Fidel Castro]] stated, "The maturity of India ... , its unconditional adherence to the principles which lay at the foundation of the Non-Aligned Movement give us the assurances that under the wise leadership of [[Indira Gandhi]] [then [[Prime Minister of India]]], the non-aligned countries will continue advancing in their inalienable role as a bastion for peace, national independence and development."<ref name="frontlineonnet.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2708/stories/20100423270805500.htm |title=50 years of friendship |access-date=2013-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203145522/http://frontlineonnet.com/fl2708/stories/20100423270805500.htm |archive-date=2011-02-03 }}</ref>

== Economic relations ==
Bilateral trade between Cuba and India was around US$300 million in the 1980s. However, following the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] in 1991 and [[economic liberalisation in India]] in the 1990s, bilateral trade between the countries witnessed a sharp decline. Bilateral trade totaled $38.89 million in 2014–15. India's exports to Cuba stood at $37.32 million, while imports amounted to $1.57 million. The main commodities exported from India to Cuba are pharmaceutical products, organic chemicals, plastic and rubber articles, machinery and mechanical appliances. The main commodities Cuba exports to India are tobacco products including cigars, raw hides and skins, and leather.<ref name="MEAJan2016"/> In March 2022, the [[Indian Economic Trade Organization|IETO]] initiated India-Cuba Trade and Pharma Relationships in Telangana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caribbean Country Cuba starts trade opportunities in Telangana |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/caribbean-country-cuba-starts-trade-opportunities-in-telangana20220322145325/ |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PR |first=ANI |date=2022-03-22 |title=Caribbean Country Cuba starts trade opportunities in Telangana |url=https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/caribbean-country-cuba-starts-trade-opportunities-in-telangana/883407/ |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Indian foreign aid ==
India donated a 5 KW solar power plant to Cuba in 1995, and also provided {{INRConvert|5|l|year=1995}} worth of spare parts to the country. In 2008, India wrote off a $62 million loan and interest that it had provided to the Cuban government. India provided Cuba with $2 million in cash in the aftermath of Hurricanes Gustav, Ike and Paloma in August–September 2008.<ref name="MEAJan2016"/> India began a three-year training program, which completed in July 2010, for Cuban citizens at the India Cuba Knowledge Centre. The centre, operated by NIIT, provided training to over 1900 Cubans in several fields.<ref name="MEAJan2016"/>

India also provided donations worth two million dollars during the Cuban earthquake.{{which|date=June 2014}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuba/india-04.htm|title=Reitera la India su apoyo a Cuba frente a políticas agresivas de Estados Unidos|work=latinamericanstudies.org}}</ref>

In November 2013, India donated $1 million for the construction of an astro turf hockey pitch in Cuba.<ref name="MEAJan2016"/>

Citizens of Cuba are eligible for scholarships under the [[Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme]] and the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]]. Between 1989 and 2016, 671 Cubans have received training in several fields in India.<ref name="MEAJan2016"/>

==="Bread of India"===
India provided Cuba with 10,000 tonnes of wheat and 10,000 tonnes of rice in 1992 when Cuba was undergoing hardship. Fidel Castro termed the donation as the "Bread of India", because it was sufficient to provide one loaf of bread to each Cuban citizen.<ref name="frontlineonnet.com"/>

==Cultural relations==
Yoga is a part of the Cuban government's health curriculum. The birth anniversary of [[Rabindranath Tagore]] is commemorated in Cuba annually. On 7 May 2007, a bust of Tagore, donated by the ICCR, was unveiled at Havana. The library at the Casa de Asia in Havana is named after Tagore. Busts of Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa are also present in Havana.<ref name="MEAJan2016"/>

India was declared the "Guest of Honour Country" at the Havana International Book Fair in February 2015, becoming the first Asian country to be conferred the honour.<ref name="MEAJan2016"/>

===Sports===
Cuba and India signed an agreement on co-operation in sports during the visit of then Indian Minister for Sports Mani Shankar Aiyer in 2007. Subsequently, the Indian Amateur Boxing Federation and the Army Sports Institute, Pune have hired several coaches from Cuba. In 2013, India sent 32 Indian coaches to receive training in Cuba.<ref name="MEAJan2016"/>

==Indians in Cuba==
The Indian community in Cuba dates back to the early 20th century when Indian plantation workers who were indentured laborers from [[Jamaica]] and other parts of the [[Caribbean]] came to Cuba to work on sugarcane plantations. As of February 2016, an estimated 200 Cuban citizens are of Indian descent. The majority of them reside in Guantanamo province, and most have been completely assimilated into the local culture, although some still have Indian names.<ref name="MEAJan2016"/>

A small community of Indian citizens is present in Cuba, including Christian nuns, medical students and persons of Indian origin married to Cuban citizens. The community primarily resides in Havana. There are also a few businessmen of Indian origin.<ref name="MEAJan2016"/>

==See also==
* [[Indo-Caribbean]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170202042920/http://www.cubadiplomatica.cu/india/EN/Mission/ConsularSectioninIndia.aspx Embassy of Cuba in New Delhi]
* [http://eoi.gov.in/havana/ Embassy of India in Havana]

{{Foreign relations of Cuba}}
{{Foreign relations of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cuba-India relations}}
[[Category:Cuba–India relations| ]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Cuba|India]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of India]]

Vijai Bulganin

2026-05-02T07:44:36Z

Rakshasingh12:

{{short description|Indian music composer}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}

{{family name hatnote|Gorthi|lang=Telugu}}

{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Vijai Bulganin
| birth_place = [[Vedurupaka]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/interviews/2023/Jul/12/babys-music-is-a-homage-to-the-ilaiyaraaja-genre-45540.html | title='Baby's music is a homage to the Ilaiyaraaja genre' | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=12 July 2023 }}</ref>
| occupation = Vocalist, film scorer
| birth_name = Gorthi Vijay
| years_active = 2016–present
| label = [[Aditya Music]], [[Lahari Music]], [[Sony Music India]]
| instrument = Vocals
}}

'''Gorthi Vijai Bulganin''' (born as '''Gorthi''' '''Vijay''') is an Indian composer and singer who works in [[Telugu cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2021-06-26 |title=Vijai Bulganin, music composer of 'Daare Ledha' and 'Vaanam Thondraadho', is on board for Telugu film 'Meet Cute' and Anand Deverakonda's next |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/meet-vijai-bulganin-music-composer-of-daare-ledha-and-vaanam-thondraadho/article34986840.ece |access-date=2024-08-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He has produced few independent music videos and later continued as a composer in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu films]]. He received wider recognition for his work in the film [[Baby (2023 film)|''Baby'']] (2023), for which he received [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-04 |title=Blockbuster Telugu Film Baby Wins 5 Awards At 69th Sobha Filmfare Awards South 2024 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/cult-blockbuster-telugu-film-baby-wins-5-awards-at-69th-sobha-filmfare-awards-south-2024-article-112262414 |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==
Bulganin was born as Gorthi Vijay in [[Vedurupaka]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] in a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] family.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Cherukuri |first=Abhilasha |date=2023-07-12 |title='Baby's music is a homage to the Ilaiyaraaja genre' |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/interviews/2023/Jul/12/babys-music-is-a-homage-to-the-ilaiyaraaja-genre-45540.html |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> Later, he changed his stage name to Vijai Bulganin. Around 2014, he has moved to [[Hyderabad]] to pursue a career in music and cinema.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxducQlQ_ks |title=Baby Music Director Vijay Bulganin Interview {{!}}{{!}} Dial News |date=2023-07-26 |last=Dial News |access-date=2024-08-08 |via=YouTube}}</ref> ''Vaaradhi'' (2015) was his first film as a music composer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijay Bulganin: కమెడియన్ల చిత్రాలకు సంగీతమందిస్తానని నాపై ముద్ర వేశారు |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/baby-music-director-vijay-bulganin-latest-interview/0201/123129603 |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=EENADU |language=te |quote=సంగీత దర్శకుడిగా నా తొలి సినిమా వారధి |trans-quote=Vaaradhi is my first film as a music director}}</ref> Speaking to ''[[Cinema Express]]'', Vijai said that [[Baby (2023 film)|''Baby'']] album is "a homage to the Ilaiyaraaja genre of music".<ref name="auto1"/> ''[[123telugu]]'' in their review of the film mentioned that "music by Vijay is a major asset for ''Baby''".<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-14 |title=Baby Telugu Movie Review |url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/anand-deverakonda-baby-telugu-movie-review.html |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=123telugu.com |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Film Companion]]'' cited him as "the strongest pillar of ''Baby''".<ref name="auto"/> Songs from the film were commercially successful, thus getting him wide recognition.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2023-03-28 |title='O Rendu Prema Meghaalila' Song hits 20 million plays on music platforms |url=https://telanganatoday.com/o-rendu-prema-meghaalila-song-hits-20-million-plays-on-music-platforms |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Discography ==
=== As composer ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of original soundtracks and scores
!Year
!Title
!Score
!Songs
!Notes
|-
|2015
|''Vaaradhi''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|2016
|[[Saptagiri Express (film)|''Saptagiri Express'']]
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sapthagiri Express {{!}} Song - Velugu Cheekati {{!}} Telugu Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/telugu/sapthagiri-express-song-velugu-cheekati/videoshow/81542849.cms |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2017
|''Rendu Rellu Aaru''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|''[[Sapthagiri LLB]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|2022
|''[[Meet Cute (TV series)|Meet Cute]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|TV series
|-
| rowspan="3" |2023
|''[[Baby (2023 film)|Baby]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|''Vidyarthi''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|''Ishtame Kaani Prema Ledanta''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|[[YouTube]] TV series
|-
| rowspan="4" |2024
|''Maruva Tarama''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|''[[Bhoothaddam Bhaskar Narayana]]''
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|Only two songs
|-
|''[[Prasanna Vadanam]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|''[[Janaka Aithe Ganaka]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2025
| ''[[Court (2025 film)|Court]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|''[[Beauty (2025 film)|Beauty]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|2026
|''[[Band Melam]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|}

=== As playback singer ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Work
!Song
!Composer
!Co-artist(s)
|-
| rowspan="2" |2016
| rowspan="2" |[[Saptagiri Express (film)|''Saptagiri Express'']]
|"Velugu Cheekati"
| rowspan="7" |Himself
|
|-
|"Theme Song"
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2017
| rowspan="3" |''[[Sapthagiri LLB]]''
|"Aa Cheithi Gaajula"
|Lokeshwar, [[Mangli]]
|-
|"Emaindi Emaindi"
|[[Kailash Kher]]
|-
|"Are Are Ek Dham"
|[[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]], [[M. M. Manasi]]
|-
|2019
|''[[Vajra Kavachadhara Govinda]]''
|"Keechu Rayi"
|
|-
|2026
|''[[Band Melam]]''
|"Thalarathe"
|
|}

=== Singles ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Song
!Composer
!Singer
!Co-artist(s)
!Notes
|-
|2019
|"Manase Oka Megham"
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2021
|"Chustu Chustune Rojulu"
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|Meghana
|
|-
|"Daare Leda"
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|Released in Tamil as "Vaanam Thondraadhoa"
|-
|"Thattukoledhey"
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
|"Ammadi"
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|Nutana Mohan
|
|-
|"Manasaara Chebutunna"
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|Nutana Mohan
|
|-
|"Toyiba"
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|Lakshmi Meghana
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022
|"Yemaiundacho"
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|Released in Tamil as "Inneram Indha Neram"
|-
|"Lollipop"
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|Also released in Hindi, Tamil, Kannada, and Malayalam
|-
|"Madhubala"
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|Also composed Tamil version.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Check Out Latest Telugu Music Video Song 'Madhubala' Sung By Vijai Bulganin |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/telugu/check-out-latest-telugu-music-video-song-madhubala-sung-by-vijai-bulganin/videoshow/95652941.cms |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2023
|"Emone"
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|Aditi Bhavaraju
|
|-
|"Oye Oye"
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|Tamil song
|-
|"Myra"
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|Sindhuja Srinivasan
|Also co-producer
|-
|"Vennela"
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2024
|"Chilaka"
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|Lakshmi Meghana
|
|-
|"Intermediate"
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|
|-
|"Kala Anukona"
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Awards
!Category
!Work
!Result
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
|[[69th Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu|Best Music Director – Telugu]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Baby (2023 film)|''Baby'']]
|{{won}}
|<ref name="Full list of Winners of the 69th SOBHA Filmfare Awards South (Telugu) 2024">{{cite news |last1=Filmfare |date=4 August 2024 |title=Full list of Winners of the 69th SOBHA Filmfare Awards South (Telugu) 2024 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/full-list-of-winners-of-69th-sobha-filmfare-awards-south-telugu-2024_-67634.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804051630/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/full-list-of-winners-of-69th-sobha-filmfare-awards-south-telugu-2024_-67634.html |archivedate=4 August 2024 |accessdate=4 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[12th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Music Director – Telugu|Best Music Director – Telugu]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-17 |title=SIIMA 2024 Nominations Revealed: Nani's Dasara and Rajinikanth Starrer Jailer Lead with 11 Nominations Each |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!entertainment/siima-2024-nominations-revealed-nanis-dasara-and-rajinikanth-starrer-jailer-lead-with-11-nominations-each-enn24071700580 |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=[[ETV Network|ETV Bharat]] |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=9598339|name=Vijai Bulganin}}

{{Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bulganin, Vijai}}
[[Category:Telugu film score composers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Singers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Konaseema district]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian film score composers]]

List of taluks in Chennai district

2026-05-01T17:33:13Z

Rakshasingh12: Starting some place from scratch

{{short description|Taluks of Chennai district, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Taluks of Chennai district
| category = [[Tehsil|Taluks]]
| territory = [[Chennai district]]
| current_number = 17 taluks
| government = [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
}}

The [[Chennai district]] in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]], comprises three revenue divisions: Chennai Central, Chennai North, and Chennai South. As of August 2024, these divisions encompass the following 17 subdivisions or [[Tehsil|taluks]].<ref name"GOTN">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-17 |title=Government of Tamil Nadu – Chennai District – Revenue Administration |url=https://chennai.nic.in/about-district/administrative-setup/revenue-administration/ |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=chennai.nic.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="TH-5J">{{Cite web |last=Jesudasan |first=Dennis S. |date=2018-01-05 |title=Chennai district doubles in size |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chennai-district-doubles-in-size/article61496857.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020161659/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chennai-district-doubles-in-size/article61496857.ece |archive-date=2023-10-20 |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="TOI-29A">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-29 |title=Ayanavaram bifurcation: Stalin’s Kolathur now taluk |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/stalin-inaugurates-new-kolathur-taluk-in-chennai/articleshow/112878427.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831155847/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/stalin-inaugurates-new-kolathur-taluk-in-chennai/articleshow/112878427.cms |archive-date=2024-08-31 |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Chennai Central division ==
# [[Ambattur taluk|Ambattur]]
# [[Aminjikarai taluk|Aminjikarai]]
# [[Ayanavaram taluk|Ayanavaram]]
# [[Egmore taluk|Egmore]]
# [[Kolathur taluk|Kolathur]]<ref name="TOI-28A">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-28 |title=Stalin’s Kolathur becomes taluk |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/stalins-kolathur-becomes-taluk/articleshow/112870236.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830142738/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/stalins-kolathur-becomes-taluk/articleshow/112870236.cms |archive-date=2024-08-30 |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
# [[Maduravoyal taluk|Maduravoyal]]
# [[Mambalam taluk|Mambalam]]

== Chennai North division ==
# [[Madhavaram taluk|Madhavaram]]
# [[Perambur taluk|Perambur]]
# [[Purasawalkam taluk|Purasawalkam]]
# [[Tiruvottiyur taluk|Tiruvottiyur]]
# [[Tondiarpet taluk|Tondiarpet]]

== Chennai South division ==
# [[Alandur taluk|Alandur]]
# [[Guindy taluk|Guindy]]
# [[Mylapore taluk|Mylapore]]
# [[Sholinganallur taluk|Sholinganallur]]
# [[Velachery taluk|Velachery]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Chennai district}}

[[Category:Taluks of Chennai district]]

Vamsi Krishna Gaddam

2026-04-27T18:38:33Z

Rakshasingh12: stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Vamsi Krishna Gaddam
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1989|02|10}}
| birth_place = Hyderabad
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start = 2024
| predecessor = [[Venkatesh Netha Borlakunta]]
| constituency = [[Peddapalli Lok Sabha constituency|Peddapalli]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| nickname = Vamsi
| parents = [[Gaddam Vivekanand]], Dr. Saroja Gaddam
| spouse = Roshni Gaddam
| children =
| relatives = [[Gaddam Venkatswamy]] (Grand Father) [[Gaddam Vinod Kumar]] (Uncle)
| source = https://sansad.in/ls/members/biography/4319?from=members
}}
'''Gaddam Vamsi Krishna''' (born 1989) is an Indian [[politician]] and the elected candidate for [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Peddapalli Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="eci">{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S292.htm |access-date=5 June 2024 |website=results.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name="eci"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Quint |first=The |date=2024-06-04 |title=Peddapalle Election Result 2024 Live Updates: Congress' Vamsi Krishna Gaddam Has Won in This Lok Sabha Seat |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/peddapalle-election-result-2024-live-updates-counting-of-votes-telangana-lok-sabha-seat-latest-news |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Businessmen {{!}} In august company">{{cite news |last1=India Today |date=13 July 2024 |title=Businessmen {{!}} In august company |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-businessmen-in-august-company-2565840-2024-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807175452/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-businessmen-in-august-company-2565840-2024-07-13 |archive-date=7 August 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref> and he is the son of [[G. Vivekanand]].

== Leadership ==
Vamsi Krishna Gaddam, as Joint Managing Director of [https://visaka.co/ Visaka Industries], has played a pivotal role in enhancing the company’s growth, expanding its turnover and profitability. Under his leadership, [https://visaka.co/ Visaka Industries] launched many [[Sustainability|sustainable]] products such as [https://atum.in/ Atum], a revolutionary [[Building-integrated photovoltaics|solar roof]], and [https://vnext.in/products/vboards Vnext Fibre Cement Boards], establishing the company’s reputation in green innovations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Management Board{{!}} Visaka |url=https://www.visaka.co/about/management_board |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=www.visaka.co}}</ref>

== Generations in politics ==
Vamsi Krishna Gaddam belongs to a prominent political family deeply rooted in the [[Peddapalli Lok Sabha constituency|Peddapalli constituency]] of [[Telangana]]. His grandfather, [[Gaddam Venkatswamy|G. Venkataswamy]] and father [[G. Vivekanand]], have both held significant political positions, and Vamsi has continued their legacy by actively engaging in political campaigns, emphasizing youth involvement and community upliftment.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-05 |title=3 generations, same family: Sentimental attachment with Peddapalli for Kaka's family |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/3-generations-same-family-sentimental-attachment-with-peddapalli-for-kakas-family/article68255007.ece |access-date=2024-08-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Entrepreneurial impact ==
Vamsi Krishna Gaddam’s entrepreneurial ventures include launching [https://atumobile.co/ Atumobile], an electric bike company that emphasizes [[sustainability]] while creating employment opportunities. His entry into politics combines social entrepreneurship with a focus on [[Eco-innovation|green innovations]], making him a strong advocate for [[Environmentally friendly|eco-friendly]] solutions.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sridhar |first=P. |date=2024-05-05 |title=Entrepreneur makes electoral debut, bats for social entrepreneurship, green innovations |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/entrepreneur-makes-electoral-debut-bats-for-social-entrepreneurship-green-innovations/article68141783.ece |access-date=2024-08-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Construction industry ==
Vamsi Krishna Gaddam has been associated with initiatives in design and sustainability through products such as Atum solar roofing and Vnext fibre cement boards.These efforts have contributed to Visaka Industries' activities in the green building sector. His role in the company has been linked to the development and promotion of eco-friendly construction materials.<ref>{{Cite web |title=G. Vamsi Krishna |url=https://www.magzter.com/stories/Home/Surfaces-Reporter/G-Vamsi-Krishna |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=www.magzter.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

{{18th Lok Sabha members from Telangana}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Telangana]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates in 2024 Indian general election]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]

{{Telangana-INC-politician-stub}}

Andipatti Assembly constituency

2026-04-24T17:01:36Z

Rakshasingh12: creating a post

{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India}}
{{coord|10|00|N|77|37|E|display=title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 198
| map_image = Constitution-Andipatti.svg
| district = [[Theni district|Theni]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Theni Lok Sabha constituency|Theni]]
| established = 1962
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party = {{Party index link|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| mla = [[A. Maharajan]]
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| name = Andipatti
| electors = 256,529
| reservation =
}}
'''Andipatti''' is a [[constituency]] in the [[Tamil Nadu]] legislative assembly, that includes the city of [[Andipatti]]. It is a part of [[Theni Lok Sabha constituency]]. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
=== Madras State ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="50%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Assembly
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|Third]]
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| [[A. Krishnaveni]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|Fourth]]
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[S. Paramasivam]]
| {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
|}

=== Tamil Nadu ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="70%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Assembly
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Sixth]]
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]-80
| [[K. Kandasamy]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Seventh]]
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]-84
| [[S. S. Rajendran]]
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Eighth]]
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]-87
| [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Ninth]]
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]-91
| [[P. Aasiyan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Tenth]]
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]-96
| [[K. Thavasi]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Eleventh]]
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]-01
| P. Aasiyan
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| rowspan=2|[[2001 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Twelfth]]
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]-02
| [[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=5}}
|-
| 2002-06^
|rowspan=2|[[J. Jayalalithaa]]
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Thirteenth]]
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]-2011
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Fourteenth]]
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]-2016
| rowspan=2|[[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
|-
| rowspan=2|[[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Fifteenth]]
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]-2017
|-
| [[2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections|2019]]-2021^
|rowspan=2|[[A. Maharajan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Sixteenth]]
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]-2026
|}

^by-election

==Election results==
=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Andipatti}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Maharajan]]|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Logirajan|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Gomathi |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Pandi |party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =254549 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Andipatti}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Maharajan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes= 93,541 |percentage=44.64% |change=1.93%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Logirajan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=85,003 |percentage=40.57% |change=-3.91% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Jeyakumar |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=11,896|percentage=8.9% |change=-3.1% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Jeyakumar |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=11,216 |percentage=8.5% |change=-4.72% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Gunasekaran |party=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India) |votes=226 |percentage=0.45% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=333 |percentage=0.64% |change=-0.32% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,538|percentage=4.07% |change=-1.97% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,08,207 |percentage=74.80% |change= -3.44% }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=332 |percentage=0.16% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,78,344 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2019 by-election===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections]]: Andipatti<ref>{{Cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election), 2019 By-Election |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC198.pdf |access-date=22 Feb 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222070409/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC198.pdf |archive-date=22 February 2022 }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[A. Maharajan]]
|votes = 87,079
|percentage = 42.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = A. Logirajan
|votes = 74,756
|percentage = 36.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = R. Jeyakumar
|votes = 28,313
|percentage = 13.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Naam Tamilar Katchi
|candidate = Aruna Devi
|votes = 5,180
|percentage =2.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Makkal Needhi Maiam
|candidate = G. Alagarsamy
|votes = 2,408
|percentage = 1.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|votes = 2,246
|percentage = 1.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 12,323
|percentage = 6.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 2,00,837
|percentage = 77.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =2,63,100 |change = }}

{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Andipatti}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Thanga Tamil Selvan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,03,129 |percentage=51.93% |change=-1.82% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[L. Mookiah]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=72,933 |percentage=36.72% |change=-4.70% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Krishnamoorthy. M. N |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=10,776 |percentage=5.43% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chakkaravarthi. R |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,465 |percentage=1.74% |change=0.77% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=None Of The Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,909 |percentage=0.96% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Anandha Babu. M |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=1,318 |percentage=0.66% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vaigai Sekar @ Balasundaram. S |party=Independent politician |votes=1,226 |percentage=0.62% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ravi. K |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=817 |percentage=0.41% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Panneerselvam. S |party=Independent politician |votes=521 |percentage=0.26% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Senthil Kumar. R. |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=470 |percentage=0.24% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Murugesan |party=Independent politician |votes=462 |percentage=0.23% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=30,196 |percentage=15.20% |change=2.88% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,98,609 |percentage=78.25% |change= -3.37% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,53,826 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -1.82% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Andipatti<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf | archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Thanga Tamil Selvan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=91,721 |percentage=53.75% |change=-1.30% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[L. Mookiah]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=70,690 |percentage=41.42% |change=5.13% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kumar. R |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,660 |percentage=0.97% |change=0.01% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rajapandi. R |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=1,015 |percentage=0.59% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Pitchaimani S |party=Independent politician |votes=961 |percentage=0.56% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mahalingam. U |party=Independent politician |votes=700 |percentage=0.41% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Easwaran. S |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=620 |percentage=0.36% |change=-0.50% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Muthupandi. M |party=Independent politician |votes=592 |percentage=0.35% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Balakrishnan. R. |party=Independent politician |votes=517 |percentage=0.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Thangamuthu K |party=Independent politician |votes=322 |percentage=0.19% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Selvakumar M |party=Independent politician |votes=228 |percentage=0.13% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=21,031 |percentage=12.32% |change=-6.43% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,09,097 |percentage=81.61% |change= 8.47% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,70,652 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -1.30% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Andipatti<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 2006 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | access-date = 12 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[J. Jayalalithaa]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=73,927 |percentage=55.04% |change=1.26% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Seeman |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=48,741 |percentage=36.29% |change=4.63% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V.S. Chandran |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=6,795 |percentage=5.06% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Santhakumar. M |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,298 |percentage=0.97% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Balasundararaj . P |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,154 |percentage=0.86% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Murugavelrajan. K |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=389 |percentage=0.29% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rajamani. S |party=Independent politician |votes=363 |percentage=0.27% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jeyaraman R |party=Independent politician |votes=363 |percentage=0.27% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Raja P |party=Independent politician |votes=299 |percentage=0.22% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ramesh. S |party=Independent politician |votes=282 |percentage=0.21% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Periyasamy G |party=Independent politician |votes=197 |percentage=0.15% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=25,186 |percentage=18.75% |change=-3.36% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,34,304 |percentage=73.15% |change= 14.05% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,83,610 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 1.26% }}
{{Election box end}}
*V.S. Chandran belonged to [[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam|DMDK]], led by actor turned politician [[Vijaykanth]].

=== 2002 by-election ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2002 Tamil Nadu assembly by-election]]: Andipatti}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| candidate = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| votes = 78,437
| percentage = 58.22
| change = +4.44
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| candidate = [[Vaigai Sekar]]
| votes = 37,236
| percentage = 27.64
| change = -4.03
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| candidate = [[Jayachandran (Tamil politician)|Jayachandran]]
| votes = 8,421
| percentage = 6.25
| change = -5.94
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,34,744
| percentage = 64.60
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Andipatti<ref>{{cite web |title = 2001 Tamil Nadu Election Results |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Thanga Tamil Selvan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=60,817 |percentage=53.78% |change=21.01% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Aasiyan. P |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=35,808 |percentage=31.67% |change=-13.23% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Varatharajan. T. R. N |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=13,783 |percentage=12.19% |change=-3.32% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jayarasu. S |party=Independent politician |votes=1,048 |percentage=0.93% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mooventhan. A |party=Independent politician |votes=405 |percentage=0.36% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Elambirai. G |party=Independent politician |votes=395 |percentage=0.35% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Muthuvel. S |party=Independent politician |votes=245 |percentage=0.22% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Duraichamy. S |party=Independent politician |votes=207 |percentage=0.18% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Maharajan. A |party=Independent politician |votes=189 |percentage=0.17% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chinnakkalai. R |party=Independent politician |votes=183 |percentage=0.16% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=25,009 |percentage=22.12% |change=9.99% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,13,080 |percentage=59.10% |change= -7.47% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,91,451 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 8.88% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Andipatti<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1996 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[L. Mookaiah]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=50,736 |percentage=44.90% |change=21.73% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Muthiah. A. |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,035 |percentage=32.77% |change=-31.47% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sekar @ Balasundaram |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=17,521 |percentage=15.51% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vadivelravanan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=5,299 |percentage=4.69% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ganesan. R. |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,618 |percentage=1.43% |change=-0.81% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ramasamy. K. |party=Independent politician |votes=314 |percentage=0.28% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Servaikarathevar. K. |party=Independent politician |votes=106 |percentage=0.09% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Thirumoorthy. A. V. P. |party=Independent politician |votes=104 |percentage=0.09% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chinnamuniyandi. K. |party=Independent politician |votes=100 |percentage=0.09% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ravindran. G. |party=Independent politician |votes=89 |percentage=0.08% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Malairajan. G. |party=Independent politician |votes=44 |percentage=0.04% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,701 |percentage=12.12% |change=-28.95% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,13,000 |percentage=66.57% |change= 5.58% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,75,815 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -19.35% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Andipatti<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1991 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Thavasi K. |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=66,110 |percentage=64.25% |change=38.74% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Asaiyan P. |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=23,843 |percentage=23.17% |change=-6.33% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Gomathi Ammal R. |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=10,133 |percentage=9.85% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Tajappan K. P. |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,302 |percentage=2.24% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Subramanian A. |party=Tharasu Makkal Mandram |votes=171 |percentage=0.17% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Maniah P. N. S. |party=Independent politician |votes=90 |percentage=0.09% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ramasamy K. |party=Independent politician |votes=86 |percentage=0.08% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Subbiyan P. |party=Independent politician |votes=81 |percentage=0.08% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Raveendran G. |party=Independent politician |votes=41 |percentage=0.04% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Muthusamy S. |party=Independent politician |votes=40 |percentage=0.04% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=42,267 |percentage=41.08% |change=37.09% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,02,897 |percentage=60.99% |change= -9.92% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,72,603 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 34.75% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Andipatti<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1989 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Asiyan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=31,218 |percentage=29.50% |change=-1.72% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Panneerselvam. V. |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=26,997 |percentage=25.51% |change=-41.89% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. N. Janaki Ramachandran]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=22,647 |percentage=21.40% |change=-46.00% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Velusamy. K. |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,782 |percentage=20.58% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rajappan. K.P. |party=Independent politician |votes=1,890 |percentage=1.79% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Veerapandi. M. |party=Independent politician |votes=355 |percentage=0.34% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karuthapandian. T.K. |party=Independent politician |votes=264 |percentage=0.25% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sreedharan. M.S. |party=Independent politician |votes=196 |percentage=0.19% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Raveenthiran. G. |party=Independent politician |votes=158 |percentage=0.15% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Servi Karath Thavar. K. |party=Independent politician |votes=151 |percentage=0.14% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ragavel Naidu. P. |party=Independent politician |votes=96 |percentage=0.09% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,221 |percentage=3.99% |change=-32.19% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,05,835 |percentage=70.91% |change= 0.93% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,52,247 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -37.90% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Andipatti<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1984 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. G. Ramachandran]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=60,510 |percentage=67.40% |change=7.61% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Thangaraj Alias Vallarasu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=28,026 |percentage=31.22% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jc (Janaki) J. S. Krishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=402 |percentage=0.45% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Puyal Ponnaiah |party=Independent politician |votes=384 |percentage=0.43% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. K. Karuthapandian |party=Independent politician |votes=274 |percentage=0.31% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=E. Perumal Thevar |party=Independent politician |votes=108 |percentage=0.12% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. T. R. Veerappa Gounder |party=Independent politician |votes=77 |percentage=0.09% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=32,484 |percentage=36.18% |change=-1.42% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=89,781 |percentage=69.98% |change= 10.49% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,33,117 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 7.61% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Andipatti<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1980 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. S. Rajendran]]|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=44,490 |percentage=59.79% |change=25.38% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kandasamy. K. |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,508 |percentage=22.18% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Gurusamy. N. V. |party=Janata Party |votes=9,889 |percentage=13.29% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vetriventhan. A. |party=Independent politician |votes=3,073 |percentage=4.13% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Muthusamy. S. |party=Independent politician |votes=455 |percentage=0.61% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=27,982 |percentage=37.60% |change=26.22% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=74,415 |percentage=59.49% |change= -2.70% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,26,984 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 25.38% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Andipatti<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1977 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kandasamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=24,311 |percentage=34.41% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N.V. Gurusamy |party=Janata Party |votes=16,269 |percentage=23.03% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Vetriventhan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=15,814 |percentage=22.38% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Pandian |party=Communist Party of India |votes=14,255 |percentage=20.18% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,042 |percentage=11.38% |change=4.16% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=70,649 |percentage=62.19% |change= -0.94% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,15,363 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Swatantra Party |swing= -1.96% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Andipatti<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1971 Tamil Nadu Election Results | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. V. Gurusamy Naidu]] |party=Swatantra Party |votes=20,814 |percentage=36.37% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Paramasivam S. |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=16,682 |percentage=29.15% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Veluchamy Naicker K. V. |party=Independent politician |votes=15,469 |percentage=27.03% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Das Muthu Gounder T. |party=Independent politician |votes=4,260 |percentage=7.44% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,132 |percentage=7.22% |change=-2.49% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=57,225 |percentage=63.13% |change= -10.99% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 99,654 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Swatantra Party |loser=Swatantra Party |swing= -18.48% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Andipatti<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |title= 1967 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |date=19 April 2009 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=S. Paramasivam |party=Swatantra Party |votes=35,351 |percentage=54.86% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Thiruvenkidasamy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,091 |percentage=45.14% |change=-0.54% }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,260 |percentage=9.71% |change=1.95% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=64,442 |percentage=74.12% |change= 23.35% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 89,623 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Swatantra Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 9.18% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Andipatti<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |title=1962 Madras State Election Results, Election Commission of India |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Krishnaveni]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,853 |percentage=45.68% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Mokkayan |party= |votes=16,478 |percentage=37.91% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Selvaraju |party=Independent politician |votes=5,201 |percentage=11.97% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Kulandaivelu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,929 |percentage=4.44% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,375 |percentage=7.77% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=43,461 |percentage=50.77% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 90,409 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite web |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India}}
*{{Cite web |title=Andipatti Electoral History |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2002/01/20/stories/2002012001700400.htm|url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050601002648/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2002/01/20/stories/2002012001700400.htm|archive-date=1 June 2005}}

{{Tamil Nadu assembly elections|state=expanded}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Theni district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Madras State]]

Virendra Singh (Varanasi)

2026-04-22T02:30:54Z

Rakshasingh12: done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{infobox officeholder
| name = Virendra Singh
| image = File:Virendra Singh.jpg
| office1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|Member]] of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency2 = Chiraigaon
| constituency1 = Chiraigaon
| term_start1 = 1996
| term_end1 = 2002
| term_start2 = 2003
| term_end2 = 2007
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Chandauli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandauli]]
| predecessor = [[Mahendra Nath Pandey]]
| successor =
| predecessor1 = Maya Shankar Pathak
| successor1 = Ramjit Rajbhar
| predecessor2 = Ramjit Rajbhar
| successor2 = [[Udai Lal Maurya]]
| alma_mater = Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi (B.Sc) [[Benaras Hindu University]] (M.Sc)
| source = https://sansad.in/ls/members/biographyM/5651?from=members
}}
'''Virendra Singh''' (also spelled '''Birendra Singh''') is an Indian politician and a member of the [[Samajwadi Party]]. He is the current [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]] from the [[Chandauli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandauli]] constituency in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="Wikipedia">{{cite web |title=Virendra Singh (Varanasi) |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virendra_Singh_(Varanasi) |website=Wikipedia |access-date=9 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="Sansad">{{cite web |title=Shri Virendra Singh |url=https://sansad.in/ls/members/biography/5651 |website=Digital Sansad |access-date=9 October 2025}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
He obtained his '''B.Sc.''' degree from [[Udai Pratap Autonomous College]], [[Varanasi]].<ref name="Wikipedia"/>
He completed his '''M.Sc.''' from [[Banaras Hindu University]].<ref name="Wikipedia"/>

== Political career ==
Earlier, he was a member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], elected from the '''Chiraigaon''' constituency for two terms: 1996–2002 and 2003–2007.<ref name="Wikipedia"/>
Over his career, he has been affiliated with multiple political parties, including the [[Indian National Congress]] and the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]], before joining the [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref name="Wikipedia"/>
In 2024, he contested the [[Lok Sabha]] elections from [[Chandauli district|Chandauli]] and won, becoming Member of Parliament.<ref name="PRS">{{cite web |title=Virendra Singh - Parliamentary Profile |url=https://prsindia.org/mptrack/18-lok-sabha/birendra-singh |website=PRS Legislative Research |access-date=9 October 2025}}</ref>
He also serves as a national spokesperson for the Samajwadi Party.<ref name="Wikipedia"/>

== Parliamentary performance ==
In the 18th Lok Sabha, he has been actively participating in debates and raising issues pertaining to his constituency and national matters.<ref name="PRS"/>
His attendance record is noted to be high.<ref name="PRS"/>

== Residence and contact ==
He resides in '''Tagore Town, Orderly Bazar, Varanasi district'''.<ref name="Sansad"/>
His email and contact details are publicly listed in the [[Lok Sabha]] member’s directory.<ref name="Sansad"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://sansad.in/ls/members/biography/5651 Digital Sansad – Virendra Singh (Official Profile)]
* [https://prsindia.org/mptrack/18-lok-sabha/birendra-singh PRS Legislative Research – MP Track]

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politicians from Varanasi]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{UttarPradesh-SP-politician-stub}}

Shurpali

2026-04-20T16:31:15Z

Rakshasingh12: started

{{refimprove|date=January 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}


{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shurpali
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = kn
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.504672|N|75.291401|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bagalkot district|Bagalkot]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 543
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08353
| registration_plate = KA-48
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Shurpali''' is a village near [[Jamkhandi]], a town in [[Bagalkot district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Karnataka]].

==History==

The village of Shurpali or ‘Shurpalaya’ houses Shri Lakshmi Narasimha swamy temple and is situated amidst cane fields on the bank of [[river Krishna]]. The ancient temple of Shri LakShmI Narasimha has references in skanda purana. There is an Ashwattha vruksha in front of the main deity.

The puranas say that on seeing "the beauty of Shurpalaya", the tears of joy of Lord Parashurama that fell on the ground here gave birth to a Peepal tree (Ashvattha vruksha). Mother Bhageerathi ([[river Ganga]]) is said to have come here to give ‘Shurpa Daana’ (Morada-Baagina) to a Brahman to get rid of her sins. Hence the name ‘Shurpalaya’.

The place is also referred to as ‘Dakshina-Kashi’, owing to the Shiva temples and 8 terthas around the area.

The village of Shurpali was the ‘Tapobhumi’ of Shri Yadavaryaru. There is also 'Anjaneya' installed by 1008 Shri Vidyadhisha Teertharu in the temple.

==Demographics==

As of the 2011 population census, Shurpali had a population of 3114 of which 1598 are males while 1516 are females. Children between the age of 0-6 made up 16.9% of the total village population. The Average Sex Ratio of Shurpali village is 949 which is lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for Shurpali as per census is 920, lower than Karnataka average of 948. Shurpali has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka.

In 2011 literacy rate of Shurpali was 66.25% compared to 75.36% of Karnataka. The Male literacy stands at 76.66% while Female literacy was 55.33%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shurpali Village Population - Jamkhandi - Bagalkot, Karnataka |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/598459-shurpali-karnataka.html |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{morecat|date=October 2025}}
[[Category:Villages in Bagalkot district]]

Didihat Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:39:36Z

Rakshasingh12: Made new stub v1

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttarakhand legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Didihat
| latest_election_year = 2022
| mla = [[Bishan Singh Chuphal]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| state = Uttarakhand
| district = [[Pithoragarh district|Pithoragarh]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Almora (Lok Sabha constituency)|Almora]]
| reservation = None
| established = 1967
| electors = {{formatnum:82849}}<ref name="ceouk">{{cite web |url=https://www.ceo.uk.gov.in/files/VS-2022/VoterTurnout-2022.pdf |title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Election - 2022 - AC wise Voter Turnout |website=ceo.uk.gov.in |date=1 March 2022 |accessdate=8 April 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301040631/https://www.ceo.uk.gov.in/files/VS-2022/VoterTurnout-2022.pdf}}</ref>{{update after|2027|03}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 43
| map_image = Didihat Assembly constituency map.svg
}}

'''Didihat Legislative Assembly constituency''' is one of the 70 [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Uttarakhand]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ceo.uk.gov.in/files/Election2012/Constituencies_Division_Wise-1.pdf |title=Uttarakhand Assembly constituencies |access-date=16 January 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Pithoragarh district|Pithoragarh]] district.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=5|Party
|-
| [[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan=3 |[[Gopal Dutt Ojha]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
| [[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|-
| [[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[Narayan Singh Bhainsora]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| Charu Chandra Ojha
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan=2 |[[Kashi Singh Airy]] || {{Full party name with colour|Independent|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| [[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| [[Lilaram Sharma]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|[[ Kashi Singh Airy]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Uttarakhand Kranti Dal}}
|-
| [[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]] ||[[ Bishan Singh Chuphal]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|-
| colspan=8 align=center|''Major boundary changes''
|-
| [[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|rowspan=2|[[ Bishan Singh Chuphal]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
| colspan=8 align=center|''Major boundary changes''
|-
| [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|rowspan=3|[[ Bishan Singh Chuphal]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
| [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Didihat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2022 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102703/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bishan Singh Chuphal]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=20,594 |percentage=37.69% |change={{increase}}4.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kishan Bhandari |party=Independent politician |votes=17,368 |percentage=31.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pradeep Singh Pal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,298 |percentage=26.17% |change={{decrease}}1.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=831 |percentage=1.52% |change={{increase}}0.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Govind Singh |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=717 |percentage=1.31% |change={{decrease}}4.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Diwan Singh Mehta |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=340 |percentage=0.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anil Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=313 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surendra Singh Gurung |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=180 |percentage=0.33% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,226 |percentage=5.90% |change= {{increase}}1.33 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=54,641 |percentage=62.58% |change= {{increase}}1.47 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 87,311 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.13 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}4.07 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Didihat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2017 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630093109/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bishan Singh Chuphal]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,392 |percentage=33.61% |change={{decrease}}12.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kishan Bhandari |party=Independent politician |votes=15,024 |percentage=29.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pradeep Singh Pal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,470 |percentage=27.97% |change={{increase}}4.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kashi Singh Airy]] |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=2,896 |percentage=5.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=737 |percentage=1.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Har Govind Pant |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=631 |percentage=1.22% |change={{decrease}}21.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bikrant Panday |party=Independent politician |votes=520 |percentage=1.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,368 |percentage=4.58% |change= {{decrease}}18.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=51,739 |percentage=61.11% |change= {{increase}}0.93 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 84,662 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.20 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}12.83 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Didihat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2012 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929115647/https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-date=29 September 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bishan Singh Chuphal]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=21,089 |percentage=46.44% |change={{increase}}15.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Rewati Joshi|party=Indian National Congress|votes=10,472|percentage=23.06%|change={{decrease}}2.40}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Jagjiwan Kanyal|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=10,183|percentage=22.42%|change={{increase}}20.00}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Diwan Singh|party=Nationalist Congress Party|votes=1,273|percentage=2.80%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Krishnanand|party=Uttarakhand Parivartan Party|votes=839|percentage=1.85%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Jagdish Chand|party=Independent politician|votes=817|percentage=1.80%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Moti Ram Sagar|party=Uttarakhand Raksha Morcha|votes=408|percentage=0.90%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,617 |percentage=23.38% |change= {{increase}}17.67 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=45,410|percentage=60.18%|change={{decrease}}1.43}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 75,458 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.83 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}15.27 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Didihat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114082304/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bishan Singh Chuphal]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=12,512 |percentage=31.17% |change={{decrease}}8.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hem Pant |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,218 |percentage=25.46% |change={{increase}}2.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gajendra Singh |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=5,858 |percentage=14.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagjeevan Kanyal |party=Independent politician |votes=5,840 |percentage=14.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghanshyam Joshi |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=2,914 |percentage=7.26% |change={{decrease}}18.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yogesh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=973 |percentage=2.42% |change={{increase}}0.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chandra Singh Karki |party=Independent politician |votes=947 |percentage=2.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kharak Singh |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=876 |percentage=2.18% |change={{decrease}}0.06 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,294 |percentage=5.72% |change= {{decrease}}7.77 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=40,138 |percentage=61.68% |change= {{increase}}9.24 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 65,148 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.36 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}8.14 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election]]: Didihat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114065248/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bishan Singh Chuphal]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=13,104 |percentage=39.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghanshyam Joshi |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=8,609 |percentage=25.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramesh Chandra Kapri |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,655 |percentage=22.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Basanti Devi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,458 |percentage=4.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kewla Nand Pant |party=Uttarakhand Janwadi Party |votes=1,206 |percentage=3.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kamla Karki |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=749 |percentage=2.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jeet Ram |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=549 |percentage=1.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,495 |percentage=13.49% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=33,330 |percentage=52.53% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 63,644 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Pithoragarh district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Uttarakhand Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/93-uttarakhand/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=17 January 2024}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand}}

{{coord|29.8|80.23|display=title}}

[[Category:Pithoragarh district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Chandannagar subdivision

2026-04-14T23:40:16Z

Rakshasingh12: Made initial info more to come

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chandannagore subdivision
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = 
| settlement_type = Subdivision
| image_skyline = File:Chandannagar (subdivision) in Hooghly (West Bengal).svg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.87|N|88.38|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Chandannagar]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 508.08
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1,127,176
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| registration_plate = WB
| website = {{URL|wb.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
}}
'''Chandannagore subdivision''' is an administrative subdivision of the [[Hooghly district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], India.

==Overview==
A major portion of Chandannagore subdivision is part of the [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]]-[[Damodar River|Damodar]] Plain, the agriculturally rich [[alluvium|alluvial]] plains lying between the two rivers. The narrow strip of land along the Hooghly is part of the Hooghly Flats. The entire area is a part of the [[Ganges Delta|Gangetic Delta]]. The Hooghly is a tidal river and has a high west bank. The Portuguese, the Dutch, the French, the Danes and the British dominated industry, trade and commerce in this area for more than two centuries, and as a result the Hooghly Flats is highly industrialised.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1912_PART_A_DCHB_HUGLI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Hugli, Series-20, Part XIIA | work= Physiography, Page 17-24|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 19 June 2017 }}</ref>

==Subdivisions==
The Hooghly district is divided into the following administrative subdivisions:<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Hooghly |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 3 October 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
[[File:Hooghly Subdivision Map (en).svg|thumb]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subdivision ||Headquarters|| Area km2 || Population (2011) ||Rural population % (2011)||Urban population % (2011)
|-
|[[Chinsurah subdivision|Chinsurah]]||[[Hugli-Chuchura]]||1,148.15||1,657,518||68.63||31.37
|-
|Chandannagore||[[Chandannagar]]||508.08||1,127,176||58.52||41.48
|-
|[[Srirampore subdivision|Srirampore]]||[[Serampore]]||422.45||1,469,849||26.88||73.12
|-
|[[Arambag subdivision|Arambag]]||[[Arambag]]||1,058.87||1,264,602||94.77||5.23
|-
|[[Hooghly district]]||[[Chinsurah]]||3,149.00||5,519,145||61.43||38.57
|-
|}

[[file:Subdivision of Hooghly District.jpg|thumb|400 px|right]]

==Administrative units==
Chandannagore subdivision has 5 police stations, 3 community development blocks, 3 panchayat samitis, 41 gram panchayats, 352 [[mouza]]s, 339 inhabited villages, 1 municipal corporation, 3 municipalities and 7 [[census town]]s. The single municipal corporation is [[Chandernagore Municipal Corporation]]. The municipalities are [[Tarakeswar Municipality]], [[Bhadreswar Municipality]] and [[Champdany Municipality]]. The census towns are: [[Bargachhia]], [[Balarambati]], [[Singur]], [[Nasibpur]], [[Jagatnagar]], [[Baruipara]] and [[Borai, Hooghly|Borai]]. The subdivision has its headquarters at [[Chandannagar]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Hooghly | work = Table 2.1 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 6 October 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Hooghly - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 19 June 2017}}</ref>

{{OSM Location map
| width=330| height=300| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|22|54|10|N|88|13|40|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in the Chandannagore subdivision and Polba Dadpur and Dhaniakhali CD Blocks of Chinsurah subdivision in Hooghly district''' M: municipal corporation/ municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|22|52|12|N|88|21|46|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= Chandannagar | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Chandannagar]] (M)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|49|50|N|88|20|44|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Bhadreswar| numbered2=M| mark-title2= [[Bhadreswar, Hooghly|Bhadreswar]] (M)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|48|40|N|88|20|35|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Champdani| numbered3=M| mark-title3= [[Champdani]] (M)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|53|20|N|88|0|54|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Tarakeswar| numbered4=M| mark-title4= [[Tarakeswar]] (M)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|50|10|N|88|10|43|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Bargachhia| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Bargachhia]] (CT)| shape-color5=#A40000
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|49|17|N|88|13|2|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Balarambati| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Balarambati]] (CT)| shape-color6=#A40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|49|22|N|88|14|9|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7=Singur| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Singur]] (CT)| shape-color7=#A40000
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|48|20|N|88|15|51|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8=Nasibpur| numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[Nasibpur]] (CT)| shape-color8=#A40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|47|20|N|88|13|26|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Jagatnagar| numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[Jagatnagar]] (CT)| shape-color9=#A40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|46|5|N|88|14|30|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10=Baruipara| numbered10=CT| mark-title10= Baruipara (CT)|shape-color10=#A40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|46|30|N|88|15|25|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11=Borai| numbered11=CT| mark-title11= [[Borai, Hooghly|Borai]] (CT)| shape-color11=#A40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|58|26|N|88|6|30|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12=Dhaniakhali| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Dhaniakhali]] (R)| shape-color12=#C42222
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|2|13|N|88|7|17|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=Gurap| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Gurap]] (R)| shape-color13=#C42222
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|57|41|N|88|18|23|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14=Polba| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Polba]] (R)| shape-color14=#C42222
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|56|13|N|88|11|42|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15=Dadpur| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Dadpur, Hooghly|Dadpur]] (R)| shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|56|4|N|88|18|19|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16=Barun Napara| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Barun Napara]] (R)| shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|49|40|N|88|6|16|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17=Haripal| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Haripal]] (R)| shape-color17=#C42222
|mark-coord18={{coord|23.0433|88.4298}}| label18=Hooghly |labela18=River| label-color18 = #77A1CB| label-angle18=0| label-pos18=bottom| label-size18=10| mark-size18=0| mark-title18 =none
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|47|28|N|88|4|21|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19=Dwarhatta| numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Dwarhatta]] (R)| shape-color19=#C42222}}

==Kolkata Urban Agglomeration==
The following Municipal Corporation and Municipalities in Chandannagore subdivision were part of Kolkata Urban Agglomeration in the 2011 census: [[Chandannagar]] (M Corp.), [[Bhadreswar, Hooghly|Bhadreswar]] (M) and [[Champdani]] (M).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | work= Constituents of Urban Agglomeration Having Population Above 1 Lakh |publisher= Census of India 2011 | access-date = 16 June 2017}}</ref>

==Police stations==
Police stations in Chandannagore subdivision have the following features and jurisdiction:<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Hooghly |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 3 October 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.policewb.gov.in/wbp/district/Hooghly/hglyphone.php | title = Hooghly District Police | publisher = West Bengal Police | access-date = 20 June 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170705234600/http://policewb.gov.in/wbp/district/Hooghly/hglyphone.php | archive-date = 5 July 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Police station ||Area covered km2 ||Municipal town || CD Block
|-
|[[Tarakeswar#Police station|Tarakeswar]]|| n/a ||[[Tarakeswar]]||[[Tarakeswar (community development block)|Tarakeswar]]
|-
|[[Haripal#Police station|Haripal]]|| n/a || - ||[[Haripal (community development block)|Haripal]]
|-
|[[Singur#Police station|Singur]]|| n/a || - ||[[Singur (community development block)|Singur]]
|-
|[[Bhadreswar, Hooghly#Police station|Bhadreswar]]|| n/a ||[[Bhadreswar, Hooghly|Bhadreswar]], [[Champdani]], [[Chandannagar]] (partly)||[[Singur (community development block)|Singur]]
|-
|[[Chandannagar#Police station|Chandannagar]]|| n/a ||[[Chandannagar]]|| -
|-
|}

==Blocks==
Community development blocks in Chandannagore subdivision are:<ref name=handbook2014/><ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 24 October 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Hooghly Tehsil Map (en).svg|thumb]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! CD Block ||Headquarters|| Area km2 || Population (2011) ||[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC]] %||[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|ST]] %||[[Hindus]] %||[[Muslims]] %||Literacy rate %||Census Towns
|-
|[[Tarakeswar (community development block)|Tarakeswar]]||[[Tarakeswar]]||119.93||179,148||23.63||5.04||88.94||10.20||79.96||-
|-
|[[Haripal (community development block)|Haripal]]||[[Haripal|Khamarchandi]]||184.42||261,073||28.03||6.70||78.42||20.39||78.59||1
|-
|[[Singur (community development block)|Singur]]||[[Singur]]||164.85||276,413||17.02||1.47||90.72||8.92||84.07||6
|-
|}

===Blocks Map===
<gallery widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:HARIPAL CD BLOCK MAP.svg|Map of Haripal CD Block.
File:SINGUR CD BLOCK MAP.svg|Map of Singur CD Block.
File:Tarokeswr CD Block Map.svg|Map of Tarokeswr CD Block.
</gallery>

==Gram panchayats==
The subdivision contains 41 [[gram panchayat]]s under 3 [[Community Development Block in India|community development blocks]]:<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Hooghly - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 20 June 2017}}</ref>

* [[Haripal (community development block)|Haripal]] block consists of 15 gram panchayats, viz. Alipur Kashipur, Haripal Kingkarbati, Nalikul Purba, Pyantra, Bandipur, Haripal Sahadev, Narayanpur Bahirkhanda, Sripatipur Ilipur, Chandanpur, Jejur, Dwarhatta, Kaikala, Paschim Gopinathpur, Haripal Ashutosh and Nalikul Paschim.
* [[Singur (community development block)|Singur]] block consists of 16 gram panchayats, viz. [[Anandanagar]], Basubati, Gopalnagar, Singur–I, Bagdanga Chinamore, Beraberi, [[Kamarkundu]] Gopalnagar Daluigachha, Singur–II, Bainchipota, Bighati, Mirzapur Bankipur, Balarambati, Bora, Baruipara Paltagarh, Borai Pahalampur and Nasibpur.
* [[Tarakeswar (community development block)|Tarakeswar]] block consists of ten gram panchayats, viz. Ashtara Dattapur, Bhanjipur, Naita Malpaharpur, Talpur, Baligori–I, [[Champadanga]], Purba Ramnagar, Baligori–II, Kesabchak and Santoshpur.

==Economy==
===Industry===
Chandannagore subdivision has five jute mills – Northbrook Jute Mill, Dalhousie Jute Mill, Angus Jute Works (all at [[Champdani]] under [[Bhadreswar, Hooghly|Bhadreswar]] police station), Victoria Jute Mill (at Telinipara) and Gondalpara Jute Works (at [[Gondalpara]]) – all along the [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.ijma.org/list-of-members.html |title = List of Members | publisher= Indian Jute Mills Association| access-date = 26 June 2017}}</ref> Jute mills drew in a large labour force from the neighbouring states of Bihar and Orissa, as well as eastern Uttar Pradesh, quite often forming an overwhelming majority of the population in the area, living in shanty towns and slums dotting the mill area. The proportion of migrants in the population was 80% in Bhadreswar.<ref>Goswami, Onkar, ''Calcutta’s Economy 1918-1970 The fall from Grace'' in ''Calcutta, the Living City'', Vol II, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, p. 90, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-563697-X}}</ref> The entire jute industry is in a bad shape.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/why-bengals-jute-industry-is-hanging-by-a-thread/ |title = Why Bengal's jute industry is hanging by a thread |work = Premankur Biswas | publisher= The Indian Express, 29 June 2014| access-date = 26 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/sirens-off-in-six-jute-mills-in-west-bengal-in-less-than-a-month-114062600651_1.html |title = Sirens off in six jute mills in West Bengal in less than a month |work = Namrata Acharya | publisher= Business Standard, 26 June 2014| access-date = 26 June 2017}}</ref>

See also – [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y7LgQjKkOVo Victoria Jute Mill, a part of Indian heritage]

Amongst the other well-known industrial units in Chandannagore subdivision are: Lagan Engineering and Braithwaite. Lagan Engineering is a jute machinery manufacturing company set up in 1955 in Angus in [[Champdani]]. The machinery it has manufactured has been functioning well in numerous jute mills. It has been modernising to keep abreast with the latest technological developments. It was initially set up by the Northern Ireland-based-[[Mackie International|James Mackie & Sons]], run for a short period by the Government of India, which subsequently divested its shares to Murlidhar Ratanlal Exports Ltd.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.lagan.co.in/ |title = Lagan Engineering |work = Market Leader in Jute Machinery Manufacturing | publisher= Lagan Engineering| access-date = 26 June 2017}}</ref> Braithwaite's Angus Works was set up at [[Champdani]] in 1960 for manufacturing cranes, foundry products and machinery components etc. In 2010, the administrative control of [[Braithwaite & Co.]] was taken over by the [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.braithwaiteindia.com/corporate.html |title = Braithwaite – Engineering Excellence on the Move| publisher= Braithwaite & Co. Ltd. | access-date = 26 June 2017}}</ref>

[[Singur]] gained international media attention since [[Tata Motors]] started constructing a factory to manufacture their $2,500 car, the [[Tata Nano]] at Singur. The small car was scheduled to roll out of the factory by 2008.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-corporate/article1753082.ece |title = Tata Motors' small car to roll out of Singur by 2008 |publisher= The Hindu Business Line, 26 November 2006 | access-date = 3 June 2016}}</ref> In October 2008 Tatas announced withdrawal from the project.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://twocircles.net/2008oct04/tatas_singur_withdrawal_slap_west_bengal_biman_bose.html#.V1Feo5F97IU |title = Tata's Singur Withdrawal 'slap' for West Bengal: Biman Bose|publisher= Two Circles.net, 4 October 2008 | access-date = 24 May 2016}}</ref> In 2016, the Supreme Court quashed the West Bengal government's acquisition of 997 acres of agricultural land for Tata Motors and ordered its return to 9,117 landowners.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Return-Singur-land-to-farmers-SC-orders-West-Bengal-govt./article14600055.ece | title = Return land to Farmers: SC orders West Bengal govt.| first= Krishnadas |last = Rajagopal| access-date = 8 June 2017 | publisher = The Hindu, 31 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/bengal-to-return-singur-land-to-farmers-on-sept-14/article9100087.ece | title = Bengal to return Singur land to farmers on Sept 14 | access-date = 8 June 2017 | publisher = The Hindu Business Line, 12 September 2016}}</ref>

===Handloom weaving===
The [[handloom saree]]s of [[Dhaniakhali (community development block)|Dhaniakhali]], [[Begampur, India|Begampur]], [[Jangipara (community development block)|Jangipara]], [[Rajbalhat]] areas and [[Dhoti|dhutis]] of [[Haripal (community development block)|Haripal]], Rajbalhat, [[Khanakul I|Khanakul]] areas of Hooghly district are widely familiar.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Hooghly.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Hooghly |work = page 67 |publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 |access-date = 26 June 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170807182323/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Hooghly.pdf |archive-date = 7 August 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }}</ref>

===Agriculture===
Hooghly is an agriculturally prosperous district of West Bengal. Although the economy has been shifting away from agriculture, it is still the pre-dominant economic activity and the main source of livelihood for the rural people of the district. One third of the district income comes from agriculture.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Hooghly.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Hooghly |work = page 58 |publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 |access-date = 26 June 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170807182323/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Hooghly.pdf |archive-date = 7 August 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }}</ref> Given below is an overview of the agricultural production (all data in tonnes) for Chandannagore subdivision, other subdivisions and the Hooghly district, with data for the year 2013-14.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Hooghly |work = Tables 18.1. Data for subdivisions/ district calculated by totalling the CD Block data provided |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 6 October 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! CD Block/ Subdivision ||Rice||Wheat || Jute ||Pulses||Oil seeds||Potatoes||Sugarcane
|-
|[[Tarakeswar (community development block)|Tarakeswar]]||86,418|| - ||58,340|| - ||3,421||81,573|| -
|-
|[[Haripal (community development block)|Haripal]]||49,443|| - ||24,593|| - ||1,965||173,968|| -
|-
|[[Singur (community development block)|Singur]]||53,930||12||53,343|| - ||1,136||58,151|| -
|-
|'''Chandannagore subdivision'''||189,791||12||136,276|| - ||6,522||313,692|| -
|-
||[[Chinsurah subdivision]]||235,561||92||111,218||4||10,362||812,808||162
|-
|[[Srirampore subdivision]]||126,852||11||39,820||12||8,058||436,111||2,437
|-
|[[Arambag subdivision]]||255,011||75||134,541||30||19,477||514,903||123,934
|-
|[[Hooghly district]]||807,215||190||421,855||46||44,419||2,077,514||126,533
|-
|}

===Poverty===
The information given above leads us on to a comment in the District Human Development Report for Hooghly district: In the sub-division wise comparison of the levels of poverty in Hooghly district, Srirampur and Chandannagore share the lowest incidence of poverty.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Hooghly.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Hooghly |work = page 90 |publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 |access-date = 26 June 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170807182323/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Hooghly.pdf |archive-date = 7 August 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }}</ref>

==Education==
Hooghly district had a literacy rate of 81.80% as per the provisional figures of the census of India 2011. Chinsurah subdivision had a literacy rate of 79.17%, Chandannagore subdivision 83.01%, Srirampore subdivision 86.13% and Arambag subdivision 79.05.
<ref name=2handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Hooghly | work = Basic data: Table 4.4, 4.5, Clarifications: other related tables | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 6 October 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Given in the table below (data in numbers) is a comprehensive picture of the education scenario in Hooghly district for the year 2013-14:<ref name=2handbook2014/>

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size: 9pt"
|-
!width="110" rowspan="2"| Subdivision
!colspan="2"|Primary School
!colspan="2"|Middle School
!colspan="2"|High School
!colspan="2"|Higher Secondary School
!colspan="2"|General College, Univ
!colspan="2"|Technical / Professional Instt
!colspan="2"|Non-formal Education
|-
!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student

!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student

!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student

!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student

!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student

!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student

!width="30"|Institution

!width="30"|Student 
|-
|align=left|[[Chinsurah subdivision|Chinsurah]]
|align="center"|899
|align="center"|85,213
|align="center"|46
|align="center"|3,885
|align="center"|98
|align="center"|48,722
|align="center"|109
|align="center"|124,068
|align="center"|7
|align="center"|16,342
|align="center"|26
|align="center"|10,564
|align="center"|2,413
|align="center"|45,289
|-
|align=left|Chandannagore
|align="center"|606
|align="center"|53,382
|align="center"|32
|align="center"|3,312
|align="center"|46
|align="center"|22,000
|align="center"|77
|align="center"|89,132
|align="center"|6
|align="center"|20,450
|align="center"|6
|align="center"|778
|align="center"|1,297
|align="center"|29,127
|-
|align=left|[[Srirampore subdivision|Srirampore]]
|align="center"|577
|align="center"|64,207
|align="center"|25
|align="center"|3,611
|align="center"|65
|align="center"|37,997
|align="center"|97
|align="center"|108,199
|align="center"|8
|align="center"|16,631
|align="center"|3
|align="center"|793
|align="center"|1,337
|align="center"|33,060
|-
|align=left|[[Arambag subdivision|Arambag]]
|align="center"|935
|align="center"|80,705
|align="center"|49
|align="center"|5,462
|align="center"|83
|align="center"|48,513
|align="center"|76
|align="center"|91,911
|align="center"|7
|align="center"|16,950
|align="center"|3
|align="center"|228
|align="center"|1,838
|align="center"|57,383
|-
|-
|align=left|[[Hooghly district]]
|align="center"|3,013
|align="center"|283,407
|align="center"|152
|align="center"|16,270
|align="center"|292
|align="center"|157,232
|align="center"|359
|align="center"|413,310
|align="center"|28
|align="center"|70,373
|align="center"|38
|align="center"|12,363
|align="center"|6,885
|align="center"|164,859
|-
|}

Note: Primary schools include junior basic schools; middle schools, high schools and higher secondary schools include madrasahs; technical schools include junior technical schools, junior government polytechnics, industrial technical institutes, industrial training centres, nursing training institutes etc.; technical and professional colleges include engineering colleges, medical colleges, para-medical institutes, management colleges, teachers training and nursing training colleges, law colleges, art colleges, music colleges etc. Special and non-formal education centres include sishu siksha kendras, madhyamik siksha kendras, centres of Rabindra mukta vidyalaya, recognised Sanskrit tols, institutions for the blind and other handicapped persons, Anganwadi centres, reformatory schools etc.<ref name=2handbook2014/>

The following institutions are located in Chandannagore subdivision:
*[[Chandernagore Government College|Chandernagore College]], is a general degree college at [[Chandannagar]]. It was established as St. Mary's Institution in 1862, raised to a First Arts level college in 1891, renamed College Dupleix in 1901. It was closed down in 1908 and reopened in 1931. In 1945, the college section was separated from the school section and renamed College de Bussy. It was renamed Chandernagore College in 1948. Chandannagar came under Indian Union on 2 May 1950 and was integrated with the state of West Bengal on 2 October 1954. The college was directly administered by the Government of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.chandernagorecollege.org/institute/history.shtml | title = Chandernagore College| publisher = CC |access-date = 30 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/Other%20Information/Chandernagore_Government_College.shtml | title = Chandernagore Government College | publisher = College Admission |access-date = 30 June 2017}}</ref>
*Sir J. C. Bose School of Engineering, an engineering college, established at [[Mankundu]], [[Chandannagar]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://skf.edu.in/ | title = Supreme Knowledge Group of Institutions | publisher = SKF |access-date = 30 June 2017}}</ref>
*Pearl Rosary School is the most renowned school in the locality. The school is affiliated to WBBSE and WBCHSE. The school is an authorised study centre of National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS), Govt of India.
*[[Tarakeswar Degree College]] was established at [[Tarakeswar]] in 1986.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.tarakeswardegreecollege.org/ | title = Tarakeswar Degree College | publisher = TDC |access-date = 30 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/TarakeswarDegreeCollege/Tarakeswar_Degree_College.shtml | title = Tarakeswar Degree College | publisher = College Admission |access-date = 30 June 2017}}</ref>
*[[Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya, Haripal]], a general degree college, established at [[Haripal]] in 1966.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://vmharipal.ac.in/vmhome.php | title = Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya, Haripal | publisher = VMH | access-date = 30 June 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170701015551/http://www.vmharipal.ac.in/vmhome.php | archive-date = 1 July 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/VivekanandaMahavidyalayaHooghly/Vivekananda_Mahavidyalaya_Hooghly.shtml | title = Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya | publisher = College Admission |access-date = 30 June 2017}}</ref>
*[[Singur Government College]], a general degree college, was established at [[Singur]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://singurgovtcollege.org/about/ | title = Government General Degree College, Singur | publisher = Singur Government College | access-date = 30 June 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170707124205/http://singurgovtcollege.org/about/ | archive-date = 7 July 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/SingurGovtGeneralDegreeCollege/SingurGovtGeneralDegreeCollege.shtml | title = Singur Government General Degree College | publisher = College Admission |access-date = 30 June 2017}}</ref>
*[[Kabi Sukanta Mahavidyalaya]], a general degree college, was established at [[Bhadreswar, Hooghly|Bhadreswar]] in 1986.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ksmv.info/admission.html | title = Kabi Sukanta Mahavidyalaya| publisher = KSMV |access-date = 30 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.minglebox.com/college/Kabi-Sukanta-Mahavidyalaya/contact | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180204182318/http://www.minglebox.com/college/Kabi-Sukanta-Mahavidyalaya/contact | url-status = usurped | archive-date = 4 February 2018 | title = Kabi Sukanta Mahavidyalaya | publisher = Minglebox |access-date = 30 June 2017}}</ref>
*[[Rabindra Mahavidyalaya]], a general degree college, was established at [[Champadanga]] in 1971.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://rabindramahavidyalaya.org/ | title = Rabindra Mahavidyalaya | publisher = RM |access-date = 30 June 2017}}</ref>
*[[Khalisani Mahavidyalaya]], a general degree college, as established at Khalisani, [[Chandannagar]], in 1970.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.khalisanicollege.org/ | title = Khalisani Mahavidyalaya | publisher = KM | access-date = 30 June 2017 | archive-date = 3 July 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170703193642/http://www.khalisanicollege.org/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Healthcare==
The table below (all data in numbers) presents an overview of the medical facilities available and patients treated in the hospitals, health centres and sub-centres in 2014 in Hooghly district.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Hooghly | work = Table 3.1, 3.3 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 6 October 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size: 9pt"
|-
!width="110" rowspan="2"| Subdivision
!width="160" colspan="4" rowspan="1"| Health & Family Welfare Deptt, WB

!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|Other State Govt Deptts
!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|Local bodies
!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|Central Govt Deptts / PSUs
!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|NGO / Private Nursing Homes
!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|Total
!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|Total Number of Beds
!widthspan="110" rowspan="2"|Total Number of Doctors*
!widthspan="130" rowspan="2"|Indoor Patients
!widthspan="130" rowspan="2"|Outdoor Patients
|-
!width="40"|Hospitals 
!width="40"|Rural Hospitals 
!width="40"|Block Primary Health Centres 
!width="40"|Primary Health Centres 
|-
|align=left|[[Chinsurah subdivision|Chinsurah]]
|align="center"|1
|align="center"|2
|align="center"|3
|align="center"|24
|align="center"| -
|align="center"| -
|align="center"| -
|align="center"|31
|align="center"|61
|align="center"|1,091
|align="center"|108
|align="center"|94,213
|align="center"|1,830,358
|-
|align=left|Chandannagore
|align="center"|1
|align="center"|3
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|8
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|41
|align="center"|53
|align="center"|828
|align="center"|56
|align="center"|70,724
|align="center"|1,105,060
|-
|align=left|[[Srirampore subdivision|Srirampore]]
|align="center"|3
|align="center"|2
|align="center"|2
|align="center"|12
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"| -
|align="center"|80
|align="center"|99
|align="center"|1,894
|align="center"|85
|align="center"|63,619
|align="center"|1,252,941
|-
|align=left|[[Arambag subdivision|Arambag]]
|align="center"|1
|align="center"|1
|align="center"|5
|align="center"|16
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|35
|align="center"|58
|align="center"|919
|align="center"|57
|align="center"|83,469
|align="center"|1,743,719
|-
|align=left|[[Hooghly district]]
|align="center"|6
|align="center"|8
|align="center"|10
|align="center"|60
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|187
|align="center"|271
|align="center"|4,732
|align="center"|306
|align="center"|312,025
|align="center"|5,932,078
|-
|}
.* Excluding nursing homes

Medical institutions in Chandannagore subdivision are as follows: 
'''Hospitals''': (Name, location, beds)<ref name=medical>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 July 2017 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref> 
Chandannagar Subvisional Hospital, [[Chandernagore Municipal Corporation]], 250 beds Rupali Nandi Cancer Research Centre, [[Chandernagore Municipal Corporation]], 30 beds 
Gourhati ESI Hospital, [[Champdany Municipality]], 216 beds

'''Rural Hospitals''': (Name, block, location, beds) <ref name=medical/> 
Tarakeswar Rural Hospital, Tarakeswar CD Block, [[Tarakeswar]], 60 beds Haripal Rural Hospital, Haripal CD Block, PO [[Haripal|Khamarchandi]], 30 beds Singur Rural Hospital, Singur CD Block, [[Singur]], 60 beds

'''Primary Health Centres''': (CD Block-wise)(CD Block, PHC location, beds)<ref name=medical/> 
Tarakeswar CD Block: Duttapur (4 beds), Talpur (10 beds). 
Haripal CD Block: Bandipur (10 beds), Olipur (6 beds), Chapsara, Hurat (6 beds). 
Singur CD Block: [[Bajemelia]], PO [[Gopalnagar]] (10 beds), Balarambati (10 beds), Bora (10 beds).

'''Private Hospitals''':* (Name, location, beds)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.hooghly.gov.in/public_doc/Hooghly%20Health%20Profile%202013.pdf| title = Private Hospitals in Hooghly district | work= The list includes Nursing Homes also, but here we are giving only Hospitals | publisher = Hooghly district administration |access-date = 17 July 2017}}</ref> 
Bhadreswar Municipal Hospital, Telenipara, Bhadreswar, 100 beds 
.* Excluding nursing homes

==Electoral constituencies==
[[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) and [[Vidhan Sabha]] (state assembly) constituencies in Chandannagore subdivision were as follows:<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18, 15 February 2006 | access-date= 24 May 2017|work = West Bengal| publisher= Election Commission of India}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Lok Sabha constituency ||Reservation||Vidhan Sabha constituency ||Reservation||CD Block and/or Gram panchayats and/or municipal areas
|-
|[[Hooghly (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hooghly]]||None||[[Singur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Singur]]||None||[[Anandanagar|Anandanagore]], Bagdanga Chinamore, [[Baruipara]] Paltagarh, [[Beraberi]], Bighati, Bouichipota, Bora, Borai Pahalampur, [[Gopalnagar|Gopalnagore]], Mirzapur-Bankipur, Nasibpur, [[Singur]] I and Singur II [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Singur (community development block)|Singur]] community development block and [[Begampur, India|Begampur]], [[Kapashanria|Kapasaria]] and [[Panchghara]] gram panchayats of [[Chanditala II]] CD Block
|-
| - || - ||[[Chandannagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chandannagar]]||None||[[Chandannagar]] municipal corporation and [[Bhadreswar, Hooghly|Bhadreswar]] municipality
|-
| - || - ||Other five assembly segments in Chinsurah subdivision|| - || -
|-
|[[Arambagh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arambagh]]||Reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|SC]]||[[Haripal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Haripal]]||None||[[Haripal]] CD Block and Balarambati, Basubati and [[Kamarkundu|Kamarkundu Gopalnagar]], Daluigachha GPs of [[Singur (community development block)|Singur]] CD Block
|-
| - || - ||[[Tarakeswar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tarakeswar]]||None||[[Tarakeswar]] municipality, [[Tarakeswar (community development block)|Tarakeswar]] CD Block, and Bhanderhati I, Bhanderhati II, Gopinathpur I, Gopinathpur II and Perambua Sahabazar GPs of [[Dhaniakhali (community development block)|Dhaniakhali]] CD Block
|-
| - || - ||Other four assembly segments in Arambagh subdivision and one assembly segment in Paschim Medinipur district|| - || -
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Hooghly District}}
{{Hooghly topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandannagore Subdivision}}
[[Category:Subdivisions of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Subdivisions in Hooghly district]]

Kumarsain Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T22:38:05Z

Rakshasingh12: Adding

{{Short description|Defunct Assembly constituency in Himachal Pradesh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kumarsain
| abolished = 2008
| established = 1952, 1972
| state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| district = [[Shimla district|Shimla]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Shimla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Simla]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:62280}} (in 2007)<ref>{{cite web |title=Kumarsain Assembly Constituency|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/kumarsain-himachal-pradesh-assembly-constituency}}</ref>
| type= SLA
}}
'''Kumarsain Assembly constituency''' was one of the 68 constituencies until 2008 [[Delimitation Commission of India|delimitation]] in the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]] state in [[India]]. It was a segment of [[Shimla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Simla Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Kumarsain Assembly Constituency |url=http://elections.traceall.in/vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/Kumarsain-in-Himachal-Pradesh |work=Elections.in |access-date=November 2, 2017 |archive-date=25 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225115804/https://elections.traceall.in/vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/Kumarsain-in-Himachal-Pradesh |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |work=Election commission of India |access-date= November 2, 2017 }}</ref> It included areas of [[Kumarsain]] tehsil and [[Seoni, Himachal Pradesh|Sunni]] tehsil of [[Shimla district]]. Post 2008 delimitation, [[Kumarsain]] tehsil became part of [[Theog Assembly constituency]] and [[Seoni, Himachal Pradesh|Sunni]] tehsil became part of [[Shimla Rural Assembly constituency]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1952 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Ram Dayal ||
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|[[Jai Bihari Lal Khachi]] ||[[File:J.B.L Khachi.jpg|50px]]
|-
|[[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Bhaskera Nand ||
|-
|[[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Jai Bihari Lal Khachi]] ||rowspan="2"|[[File:J.B.L Khachi.jpg|50px]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
|[[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Bhagat Ram Chauhan ||
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Jai Bihari Lal Khachi]] ||rowspan="2"|[[File:J.B.L Khachi.jpg|50px]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
|[[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Vidya Stokes]] ||rowspan="2"|
|-
|[[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kumarsain}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Vidya Stokes]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,375 |percentage=40.85% |change={{decrease}}2.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pramod Kumar Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=16,125 |percentage=37.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagat Ram Chauhan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,982 |percentage=18.77% |change={{decrease}}1.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bala Nand Mehta |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=571 |percentage=1.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Prakash Shrama |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=474 |percentage=1.11% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,250 |percentage=2.94% |change= {{decrease}}7.51 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=42,534 |percentage=68.29% |change= {{decrease}}3.93 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 62,280 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.05 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}2.21 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kumarsain<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Vidya Stokes]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,600 |percentage=43.06% |change={{decrease}}11.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parmod Kumar Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=13,329 |percentage=32.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sandeep Kumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=8,173 |percentage=20.00% |change={{increase}}2.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagat Ram Chauhan |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=1,772 |percentage=4.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,271 |percentage=10.45% |change= {{decrease}}16.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=40,874 |percentage=72.25% |change= {{increase}}1.12 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 56,594 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.39 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}11.87 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kumarsain<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jai Bihari Lal Khachi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,492 |percentage=54.93% |change={{decrease}}11.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghanshyam Dass |party=Independent politician |votes=9,917 |percentage=27.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sandeep Kumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,079 |percentage=17.13% |change={{decrease}}16.57 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,575 |percentage=26.98% |change= {{decrease}}5.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=35,488 |percentage=72.19% |change= {{decrease}}1.17 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 49,913 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.65 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kumarsain<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111133700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jai Bihari Lal Khachi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,612 |percentage=66.30% |change={{increase}}20.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagat Ram Chauhan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=10,987 |percentage=33.70% |change={{decrease}}19.47 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,625 |percentage=32.59% |change= {{increase}}25.36 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=32,599 |percentage=72.63% |change= {{increase}}2.42 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 45,110 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.20 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kumarsain<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114181905/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagat Ram Chauhan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,078 |percentage=53.17% |change={{increase}}13.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jai Bihari Lal Khachi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,892 |percentage=45.94% |change={{decrease}}13.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagbandhan Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=213 |percentage=0.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,186 |percentage=7.23% |change= {{decrease}}11.98 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=30,238 |percentage=70.12% |change= {{decrease}}0.29 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 43,290 |ref = |change= {{increase}}27.88 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kumarsain<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114090530/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jai Bihari Lal Khachi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,016 |percentage=59.03% |change={{increase}}18.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagat Ram Chauhan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=9,456 |percentage=39.83% |change={{increase}}19.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagbandhan Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=162 |percentage=0.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,560 |percentage=19.21% |change= {{decrease}}0.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,743 |percentage=70.64% |change= {{decrease}}4.87 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 33,851 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.73 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kumarsain<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1982 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117041754/eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jai Bihari Lal Khachi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,641 |percentage=40.15% |change={{increase}}10.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagat Ram Chauhan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,902 |percentage=20.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Singh Thakur |party=Independent politician |votes=4,623 |percentage=19.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhaskra Nand |party=Independent politician |votes=2,096 |percentage=8.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunder Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,507 |percentage=6.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devinder Chauhan |party=Janata Party |votes=448 |percentage=1.87% |change={{decrease}}16.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagbandhan Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=241 |percentage=1.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ishwar Dutt Bali |party=Independent politician |votes=216 |percentage=0.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Brahama Nand Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=211 |percentage=0.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhian Singh |party=Lokdal |votes=128 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,739 |percentage=19.74% |change= {{increase}}12.39 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=24,013 |percentage=75.65% |change= {{increase}}6.24 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 32,015 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.48 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}3.37 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kumarsain<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319174923/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2016}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhaskera Nand |party=Independent politician |votes=7,199 |percentage=36.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jai Bihari Lal Khachi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,762 |percentage=29.44% |change={{decrease}}19.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunder Lal |party=Janata Party |votes=3,574 |percentage=18.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pratap Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,257 |percentage=11.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jiwan Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=644 |percentage=3.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kishori Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=137 |percentage=0.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,437 |percentage=7.34% |change= {{increase}}6.54 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,573 |percentage=69.42% |change= {{increase}}3.85 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,464 |ref = |change= {{increase}}25.87 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}13.20 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kumarsain<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3802-himachal-pradesh-1972/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jai Bihari Lal Khachi]] |party=Independent politician |votes=7,336 |percentage=49.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Beli Ram Bhalaik |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,218 |percentage=49.18% |change={{increase}}33.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kishori Lal |party=Communist Party of India |votes=124 |percentage=0.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=118 |percentage=0.80% |change= {{decrease}}6.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,678 |percentage=66.55% |change= {{increase}}34.61 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 22,613 |ref = |change= {{increase}}40.56 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kumarsain<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HP.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114191147/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HP.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Dayal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,513 |percentage=31.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jianu |party=All India Scheduled Caste Federation |votes=1,180 |percentage=24.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gobind Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=787 |percentage=16.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Datt |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=753 |percentage=15.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jai Bihari Lal Khachi]] |party=Independent politician |votes=642 |percentage=13.17% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=333 |percentage=6.83% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,875 |percentage=30.30% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,088 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Shimla district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Theog Assembly constituency]]
* [[Kumarsain]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://ceohimachal.nic.in/ HP official website of the Chief Electoral Officer]

{{coord|31.32|77.45|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Shimla district]]
[[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1952]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

Pileru Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:32:13Z

Rakshasingh12: New A Details

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Pileru
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (163-Pileru highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Pileru Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| mla = [[N. Kishore Kumar Reddy]]
| party = {{Party index link|Telugu Desam Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Annamayya district|Annamayya]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Rajampet Lok Sabha constituency|Rajampet]]
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 163
| electors = 223,586
| established = 1951
| type = SLA
}}

'''Pileru Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[Annamayya district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]]. It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Rajampet Lok Sabha constituency]].

[[N. Kishore Kumar Reddy]] is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Telugu Desam Party]]. As of 2019, there are a total of 223,586 electors in the constituency.{{update after|2024|7}} The constituency was established in 1951, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (1951)''.

== Mandals ==
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Gurramkonda]]
|-
| [[Valmikipuram]]
|-
| [[Piler mandal | Pileru]]
|-
| [[Kalikiri]]
|-
| [[Kalakada]]
|-
| [[Kambhamvaripalle]]
|}

<mapframe text="Mandals in Pileru Assembly Constituency" zoom=10 width=400 height=400 align=center >{ "type": "ExternalData", "service": "geoshape", "ids": "Q58375338,Q60366748,Q60366796,Q60366755,Q6350231,Q6356321"}</mapframe>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| [[1952 Madras State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| P. Thimma Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Krishikar Lok Party}}
|-
| [[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election|1955]]
| Venkatarama Naidu N
| {{Full party name with color|Krishikar Lok Party}}
|-
| [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| C. K. Narayana Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan=3 |Mogal Sufulla Baig
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| rowspan=2 |Challa Prabhakar Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[Peddireddy Ramachandra Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
| G.V. Sreenatha Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| rowspan=2 |Peddireddy Ramachandra Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[N. Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| rowspan=2 |Chintala Ramachandra Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[N. Kishore Kumar Reddy]]
| {{ Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|}

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Pileru}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[N. Kishore Kumar Reddy]]
|votes = 105582
|percentage = 54.5
|change = +9.99
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Chintala Ramachandra Reddy|votes=80501|percentage=41.55|change=-7.41}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=B Somasekhar Reddy
|votes=3403|percentage=1.76|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=None Of The Above|votes=1869|percentage=0.96|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=25081|percentage=12.95|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=193741|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Pileru}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = Chintala Ramachandra Reddy
|votes = 87,300
|percentage = 48.96
|change = +6.50
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[N. Kishore Kumar Reddy]]|votes=79,426|percentage=44.51|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=7,874|percentage=4.41|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,78,447|percentage=87.40|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Pileru}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Chintala Rama Chandra Reddy]]
|votes = 71,949
|percentage = 42.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[N. Kishore Kumar Reddy]]
|votes = 56,636
|percentage = 33.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 15,313
|percentage = 9.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,66,627
|percentage = 85.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser = CONGRESS
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Pileru}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
|votes = 53,905
|percentage = 35.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Imtiyaz Ahmed Shaik
|votes = 44,773
|percentage = 29.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Praja Rajyam Party
|candidate = [[Chintala Rama Chandra Reddy]]
|votes = 44,197
|percentage = 29.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras State Legislative Assembly election]]: Pileru<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Thimma Reddi |party=Krishikar Lok Party |votes=27,481 |percentage=61.70% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Bhaskara Reddy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,922 |percentage=26.77% |change=26.77% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Venkataramana Reddy |party=Socialist Party (India) |votes=3,186 |percentage=7.15% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Konda Reddy |party=Independent politician |votes=1,954 |percentage=4.39% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,559 |percentage=34.93% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=44,543 |percentage=73.39% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 60,693 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner= |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Annamayya district}}
{{coord|13.67|78.94|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Annamayya district]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Sunenpha

2026-04-03T18:39:19Z

Rakshasingh12: done

{{Short description|Ahom king from 1744 to 1751}}
{{Infobox royalty
| embed =
| name = Pramatta Singha 
Susenphaa
| title = Chaopha [[Swargadeo]] of [[Ahom Kingdom]]
| image = Pramatta Simha coin.1.jpg
| caption = Rupee of Pramatta Singha
| reign = 1744-1751
| predecessor = [[Sutanphaa]]
| successor = [[Suremphaa]]
| birth_place = [[Ahom kingdom]]
| death_date = 1751
| death_place = [[Ahom kingdom]]
| house = Tungkhungia
| house-type =
| father = [[Sukhrungpha]]
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| dynasty = [[Ahom Dynasty]]
}}
{{Ahom Dynasty}}
[[File:Ranghar - Assam.jpg|thumb|Rang Ghar]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
'''Sunenphaa''', also '''Pramatta Singha''' ({{reign|1744|1751}}), was a king of [[Ahom Kingdom]]. He succeeded his elder brother [[Sutanphaa|Siva Singha]]. His reign of seven years was peaceful and prosperous. He constructed numerous buildings and temples. The most famous of his buildings was the [[Rang Ghar]], which is also considered as the oldest [[amphitheatre]] in [[Asia]].

==Ancestry and background==
Pramatta Singha was the second son of Swargadeo<ref>The Ahom kings were often referred as Swargadeo or Heavenly king, being the descendants of Lengdon or [[Indra]], the Lord of Heaven and Earth</ref> [[Sukhrungphaa|Rudra Singha]]. During the reign of his elder brother Swargadeo [[Sutanphaa|Siva Singha]], he held the post of Charing Raja or the heir apparent to the throne. Most of the chronicles recorded that Swargadeo [[Sukhrungphaa|Rudra Singha]] expressed his desire at his death-bed that all his five sons [[Sutanphaa|Siva Singha]], Pramatta Singha, [[Mohanmala Maladev Gohain]] alias Barjana Gohain, [[Suremphaa|Rajeswar Singha]] and [[Sunyeophaa|Lakshmi Singha]] successively became king, after him.<ref>Bhuyan Dr. S.K. Swargadeo Rajeswar Singha first edition 1975 Publication Board of Assam Guwahati page 17</ref> Accordingly, after the death of Swargadeo [[Sutanphaa|Siba Singha]], Chengmung [[Burhagohain]] of Pukhuriparia clan along with some other nobles decided to install Charing Raja as the king of [[Ahom kingdom]].

==Unsuccessful palace coup by Tipam Raja==

Ugra Singha, the son of Swargadeo [[Sutanphaa|Siva Singha]] and [[Ambika, Bar Raja|Queen Ambika Devi]], was holding the rank of Tipam Raja, when his father died.<ref>Bhuyan Dr. S.K. Swargadeo Rajeswar Singha first edition 1975 Publication Board of Assam Guwahati page 17</ref> When the Prime minister Chengmung [[Burhagohain]] and Rupchandra [[Borbarua]], along with some other nobles decided to place Charing Raja on the throne, a section of nobles decided to oppose their decision. The Kalugayan [[Borpatrogohain]], the Dihingia [[Borgohain]] and the Dihingia Naobaicha Phukan took up the cause of Tipam Raja, and assembled the attendants and servitors employed in the interior of the royal household in one place, and made up their minds to install the Tipam Raja as king. After Swargadeo [[Sutanphaa|Siva Singha]] had died, the Tipam Raja left his feet and took his bath. He then armed his adherents with swords, shields, spears, arrows and bows, and asking them to remain ready for action he himself waited in full preparedness.<ref>Bhuyan Dr. S.K. Tunkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam (1681-1826) second edition 1968 Department of HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN STUDIES IN ASSAM Guwahati page 44</ref>

Meanwhile, Charing Raja and his three brothers, accompanied by Chengmung [[Burhagohain]] and Rupchandra [[Borbarua]], confronted the Tipam Raja's party at the palace. Chengmung [[Burhagohain]] and Rupchandra [[Borbarua]] said to Tipam Raja:
{{blockquote|"We have brothers and sons of the deceased king entitled to sit on the throne. If you do not become a king who will fill up the exalted office? You have come out prepared with your attendants; is there any fighting going anywhere? A king is properly installed on the throne if he is appointed by the three Dangarias<ref>The [[Burhagohain]], the [[Borgohain]] and the [[Borpatrogohain]] was known as the three Dangarias of the [[Ahom Kingdom]].</ref> and the Baruas and Phukans. Can these urchins of slaves ever appoint a king?"}}
The [[Burhagohain]] asked the Charing Raja to seize the hands of Tipam Raja, which he did accordingly. The Charing Raja had a sword in his hand. The Tipam Raja asked him to throw off the sword, and he snatched away his hand from the Charing Raja's grip. The [[Burhagohain]] advised the Charing Raja not to part with the sword. The Tipam Raja requested his followers to give him a ''dao''(a sharp weapon), but the [[Burhagohain]] intercepted and threatened by saying that the man who would give him a dao would have even his son in the womb hacked and quartered. Saying so Chengmung [[Burhagohain]] then took out Charing Raja and his three brothers as well as the Tipam Raja, but they were confronted at the michang or ante-chamber by the bevy of household attendants. Chengmung [[Burhagohain]] then said to Rupchandra [[Borbarua]]:
{{blockquote|"What are you looking at? Don’t you see that we are going to be massacred?"}}
Just at that time Laidhan, who was a ''Changmai-ligira'' or an attendant of the royal cooked, gave the [[Burhagohain]] a sword which he pointed at the miscreants and they dispersed. The [[Burhagohain]]’s party then came out to the gate-house, and there also they were confronted by the rebels who were also dispersed after some altercation. The party then reached the courtyard of the palanquin-bearers. There, one Naga ''Ligira'', an attendant belonging to the Dihingia family, having placed himself at the head of forty shields men of the ''Lukhurasun'' clan, confronted the royalists on the way. He was also disbanded.<ref>Bhuyan Dr. S.K. Tunkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam (1681-1826) second edition 1968 Department of HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN STUDIES IN ASSAM Guwahati page 44-45</ref>

==Accession==
After neutralizing the supporters of Ugra Singha Tipam Raja, son of Swargadeo [[Sutanphaa|Siva Singha]], in the royal palace, Prime-minister Chengmung [[Burhagohain]] and Rupchandra [[Borbarua]] received the Charing Raja at the principal court-chamber and said; "Charing Raja, we hereby appoint you king." The [[Burhagohain]] then led the new king to the elevated platform and announced as follows:
{{blockquote|"The brother of the deceased sovereign has become king. All the subjects including the Baruas and the Phukans should now offer their homage and kneel down before him."}}
Then the people assembled knelt down before the newly appointed monarch.<ref>Bhuyan Dr. S.K. Tunkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam (1681-1826) second edition 1968 Department of HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN STUDIES IN ASSAM Guwahati page 45</ref> The [[Burhagohain]] then counseled the new monarch as follows:
{{blockquote|"The great God has conferred on you the position of a sovereign. Your duty will be the protection of the virtuous, and punishment of the wicked, an investigation into the weal and woe of your subjects. Just as a person does not feel the heat when sitting below a huge tree, so under the shelter of your elder brother’s government you are tainted by the merits or demerits of the subjects. From today you have become the fountain of all their actions, virtuous or wicked. Your Majesty should regulate the acts according to the principle of their inspiring wicked or virtuous deeds. You have three younger brothers. They should also be protected and maintained by you as your own sons. They in their turn should pay homage to you regarding you as their father. They will succeed to the kingly office according to their seniority. You should not reject from your protection the Tipam Raja as well. Your Majesty should love him as your son."}}
After saying so the [[Burhagohain]] bathed the body of the deceased king and ascended the royal chamber for laying on the winding sheet. After few days, the [[Burhagohain]] removed the body of Swargadeo [[Sutanphaa|Siva Singha]] to [[Charaideo]] and buried it there.<ref>Bhuyan Dr. S.K. Tunkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam (1681-1826) second edition 1968 Department of HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN STUDIES IN ASSAM Guwahati page 45</ref>

The [[Singarigharutha ceremony]] or the coronation ceremony of the new king continued for eight days. The Tai-Ahom priests, the ''Deodhais'' and the ''Bailungs'' conferred on him the title '''Sunenphaa''', while the Hindu Brahmins bestowed him the title '''Pramatta Singha'''. Envoys from [[Kachari kingdom]] and [[Jaintia kingdom]] attended the [[Singarigharutha ceremony]] or the coronation ceremony of Pramatta Singha.<ref>Bhuyan Dr. S.K. Tunkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam (1681-1826) second edition 1968 Department of HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN STUDIES IN ASSAM Guwahati page 46-48</ref><ref>Gait E.A. A History of Assam 2nd edition 1926 Thacker, Spink & Co Calcutta page 225-185</ref>

==Reign==

===Punishment of the rebels===
On the ground of the supporting Tipam Raja's coup against the accession of Pramatta Singha to the throne, the Kalugayan [[Borpatrogohain]] was dismissed and Mrittunjay Gohain from Kenduguria family was appointed as the [[Borpatrogohain]]; and similarly Khamcheng Gohain, son of Laithepena [[Borgohain]], was appointed [[Borgohain]] in place of Dihingia [[Borgohain]] who had been dismissed. In addition to the above punishments the following were also chained and imprisoned in the elephant-stall, the Dhekial Barua, and his son the Lari Gohain, the Tipamia Phukan and the attendants Birah and Naga, and a few other shieldsmen. In the month of Phagun of Hindu-calendar (February–March), the ''Sraddha'' ceremony<ref>A Hindu religious ceremony for the deceased</ref> of the deceased king was performed to which all the religious preachers were invited. They sang hymns to the glory of [[Krishna|Hari]], and alms and presents were distributed to them. In the month of Chaitra of Hindu-calendar (March–April) the trial of the rebels was taken up; those against whom the charges were light were let off with slight punishment and sent home. The Tipamia Phukan, the Dhekial Barua, his son Naga, and a few other miscreants had their ears and noses clipped and deported to Teji.<ref>Bhuyan Dr. S.K. Tunkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam (1681-1826) second edition 1968 Department of HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN STUDIES IN ASSAM Guwahati page 46</ref>

===Embassy from Rani===
[[File:Entrance of Sukreswar Temple.jpg|thumb|Entrance of Sukreswar Temple]]
It was customary for the tributary rulers under [[Ahom kingdom|Ahom]] rule, to offer their submission with gifts and presents to the new king, during or after the coronation ceremony. The Ahom monarchs always maintained very friendly relationships with their tributary kingdoms. One of such tributary kingdoms was Rani, a place in southern part of [[Kamrup District]], mostly inhabited by [[Karbi people|Karbis]] and [[Garo people|Garos]]. Its rulers had a long association with the [[Ahom kingdom|Ahoms]] since the days of Ahom-Mughal conflicts.<ref>Gait E.A. A History of Assam 2nd edition 1926 Thacker, Spink & Co Calcutta page 157</ref> Swargadeo [[Supaatphaa|Gadadhar Singha]], grandfather of Swargadeo Pramatta Singha, during his princely days, was hiding in Rani at a house of a [[Garo people|Garo]] woman, during the notorious reign of [[Sulikphaa|Lora Raja]].<ref>Gait E.A. A History of Assam 2nd edition 1926 Thacker, Spink & Co Calcutta page 165</ref> On the occasion of the accession of Pramatta Singha, the ruler of Rani sent his envoy Rup offering his submissions and greetings to the new king. Chengmung [[Burhagohain]] received the ambassador deputed by the ruler of Rani. Vidyanivas Kataki introduced the representative of Rani. The [[Burhagohain]] then said:
{{blockquote|"Vidyanivas, ask the Rani ambassador whether at the time of his departure from his country, the subjects of the Swargadeo living in plains and hills were in the enjoyment of peace and plenty. When did he arrive here? Has he encountered any fear or trouble in his journey?"}}
On being thus interrogated by Vidyanivas the Rani ambassador said:
The [[Burhagohain]] again added:
{{blockquote|"It is our wish that the subjects of the Swargadeo living in plains and hills should pass their days in peace and happiness."}}
The ambassador of Rani then replied:
{{blockquote|"We [[Karbi people|Mikirs]] and [[Garo people|Garos]] live in the interior of hills. The Swargadeo used to give us the bones of cows looking upon us as insignificant as shrubs on the way or dogs on the road. But for many years we have not been blessed with the good grace of the Swargadeo. We have also been comparatively weakened by the cessation of royal favour. I have been deputed by my countrymen to win back the kindness of the Swargadeo."}}
The [[Burhagohain]] then replied:
{{blockquote|"Vidyanivas, tell the ambassador that the prayer of the wild monkeys even was granted by Lord [[Rama]]chandra as it was made with proper reverence and love."<ref>Bhuyan Dr. S.K. Tunkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam (1681-1826) second edition 1968 Department of HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN STUDIES IN ASSAM Guwahati page 48-49</ref>}} Gifts and presents for the ruler of Rani were sent along with Rup, the ambassador of Rani, on his return journey.

===Temples and edifices===
The reign of Swargadeo Pramatta Singha was marked with peace and prosperity of the [[Ahom Kingdom]]. He utilized his peaceful reign in the construction of temples and buildings. He constructed the famous [[Rang Ghar]], an amphitheater made of bricks and had two roofs, for the purpose of animal fights and other amusements during the festivals like [[Bihu]]. Even though his father Swargadeo [[Sukhrungphaa|Rudra Singha]] constructed an amphitheater during his reign, it was made of wood and bamboo. The [[Rang Ghar]] is reputed as the oldest existing amphitheater in [[Asia]]. Pramatta Singha also caused the gatehouses of [[Garhgaon]] to be built in bricks.

[[File:Janardan temple.jpg|thumb|Janardan Temple]][[File:Rudreswar Devalaya.jpg|thumb|Rudreswar Devaloya in North Guwahati]]
He also erected the temples of [[Sukreswar Temple|Sukreswar]] and Janardan in [[Guwahati]].<ref>[[Maheswar Neog|Neog, Dr. Maheswar]] Pavitra Asam or The Sacred Assam 4th edition 2008 Kiran Prakashan, Dhemaji page 264-265</ref> In 1749 CE, he raised a temple at North Guwahati at the place where his father Swargadeo [[Sukhrungphaa|Rudra Singha]] had died; an image of [[Shiva]] named Rudreswar was placed in the temple, and lands and paiks were endowed for the maintenance of the temple. The temple is known as [[Rudreswar Temple]] and hence the village was named Rudreswar.<ref>Bhuyan Dr. S.K. Tunkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam (1681-1826) second edition 1968 Department of HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN STUDIES IN ASSAM Guwahati page 49</ref> He also constructed several buildings in [[Hajo]], which includes one [[Ganesh]] temple and the Fakuwa Dol, located near the [[Hayagriva Madhava Temple]], where every year the festival of [[Holi]] is celebrated.<ref>Neog Dr. Maheswar Pavitra Asam or The Sacred Assam 4th edition 2008 Kiran Prakashan, Dhemaji page 270-271</ref> The boundary wall around [[Hayagriva Madhava Temple]], also around the steps leading to the temple premises were also constructed during his reign.

===Land Survey at Kamrup===
In 1754 CE Swargadeo Pramatta Singha initiated a fresh settlement operation in [[Kamrup District|Kamrup]] and [[Lower Assam]]. Arrangements were made for the maintenance of records of land rights.<ref>Bhuyan Dr. S.K. Tunkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam (1681-1826) second edition 1968 Department of HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN STUDIES IN ASSAM Guwahati page 49</ref><ref>Gait E.A. A History of Assam 2nd edition 1926 Thacker, Spink & Co Calcutta page 185</ref>

==Death==
Swargadeo Pramatta Singha died in 1751 CE. An interesting story circulates around the death of Swargadeo Pramatta Singha. The king used to complain about severe headache from time to time. It was said that he had a vision in his dream that if he offers prayers in the holy shrine of [[Islam]], his headache would get cure. Therefore, one Muslim cleric was selected and arrangements were made for his journey to [[Mecca]]. The cleric was instructed to offer prayers for the king's well-being and good health. As instructed, the cleric went to [[Mecca]] and prayed for the king's good health and long life. He returned to the capital [[Rangpur (Ahom capital)|Rangpur]] after a gap of two and a half years, but before he reached the capital, the king died due to illness.<ref>Barbaruah Hiteswar Ahomar-Din or A History of Assam under the Ahoms 1st edition 1981 Publication Board of Assam Guwahati page 248</ref>

==Family and issues==
Swargadeo Pramatta Singha was survived by two sons, named Molou Gohain and Madhab Gohain.<ref>Bhuyan Dr. S.K. Tunkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam (1681-1826) second edition 1968 Department of HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN STUDIES IN ASSAM Guwahati page 218</ref><ref>Barbaruah Hiteswar Ahomar-Din or A History of Assam under the Ahoms 1st edition 1981 Publication Board of Assam Guwahati page 247</ref> None of them could succeed him as king, since the nobles led by Kirti Chandra [[Borbarua]] installed Bonda Gohain alias Romanath Gohain, the younger brother of the late king, on the throne, who was proclaimed as Swargadeo [[Suremphaa|Rajeswar Singha]] after the coronation ceremony.<ref>Barbaruah Hiteswar Ahomar-Din or A History of Assam under the Ahoms 1st edition 1981 Publication Board of Assam Guwahati page 249</ref> Molou Gohain was appointed as Tipam Raja by his uncle Swargadeo [[Sunyeophaa|Lakshmi Singha]]. Later he conspired against his uncle to usurp the throne, only to be caught and executed by royal henchmen.<ref>Bhuyan Dr. S.K. Swargadeo Rajeswar Singha first edition 1975 Publication Board of Assam Guwahati page 231</ref>

==Legacy==
[[File:Entrance Madhab mandir.jpg|thumb|Entrance of Hayagriva Madhab mandir]]

In [[Hajo]], there is local lore that Swargadeo Pramatta Singha, while on his visit to the [[Hayagriva Madhava Temple]], witnessed a pair of [[Bulbul]] birds fighting in the temple premises. Therefore, he ordered to hold [[Bulbul]] bird fights every year in [[Magh Bihu]], a tradition which the people of [[Hajo]] continued till recent years (banned by the supreme court recently). According to historical chronicles, there are no records of Swargadeo Pramatta Singha visiting the temple of [[Hayagriva Madhava Temple|Hayagriva Madhava]]; rather it was his younger brother Swargadeo [[Rajeswar Singha]] who had paid a visit to the temple during a royal tour in 1756 CE.<ref>Bhuyan Dr. S.K. Tunkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam (1681-1826) second edition 1968 Department of HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN STUDIES IN ASSAM Guwahati page 50</ref><ref>Bhuyan Dr. S.K. Swargadeo Rajeswar Singha first edition 1975 Publication Board of Assam Guwahati page 71</ref> Maybe it was Swargadeo [[Suremphaa|Rajeswar Singha]] who had witnessed the [[Bulbul]] birds fighting in the temple premises, and the tradition of [[Hajo]]’s famous [[Bulbul]] birds fighting started since then, but since there are several buildings and temples constructed in [[Hajo]] during Pramatta Singha's reign, local people might have confused the name of these two kings.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}

Swargadeo Pramatta Singha was known as a kind and lenient ruler. His seven years long reign, though uneventful, was peaceful and prosperous.<ref>Gait E.A. A History of Assam 2nd edition 1926 Thacker, Spink & Co Calcutta page 185</ref> The buildings and temples built by him still bear witness of his prosperous reign. The [[Ahom kingdom]] was at its apex of glory, which had already begun from the Tungkhungia restoration initiated by Swargadeo [[Supaatphaa|Gadadhar Singha]] and continued till the reign of Swargadeo [[Suremphaa|Rajeswar Singha]].{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}

==References==
* Bhuyan Dr. S.K. Swargadeo Rajeswar Singha first edition 1975 Publication Board of Assam Guwahati
* Bhuyan Dr. S.K. Tunkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam (1681-1826) second edition 1968 Department of HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN STUDIES IN ASSAM Guwahati
* Barbaruah Hiteswar Ahomar-Din or A History of Assam under the Ahoms first edition 1981 Publication Board of Assam Guwahati
* Gait E.A. A History of Assam second edition 1926 Thacker, Spink & Co Calcutta
* Bhuyan Dr. S.K. Swargadeo Rajeswar Singha first edition 1975 Publication Board of Assam Guwahati
* Neog Dr. Maheswar Pavitra Asam or The Sacred Assam 4th edition 2008 Kiran Prakashan, Dhemaji on behalf of Assam Sahitya Sabha

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sunenphaa}}
[[Category:18th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Ahom kings]]
[[Category:1751 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]

Tharoorosaurus

2026-03-29T04:27:04Z

Rakshasingh12: started

{{Infobox book
| image = Tharoorosaurus cover.jpeg
| author = Shashi Tharoor
| pub_date = September 1 2020
| isbn = 978-9-35-305951-4
| pages = 336
| publisher = Penguin Random House India Private Ltd.
}}
{{Short description|Book by Shashi Tharoor}}
{{italic title}}
'''''Tharoorosaurus''''' is a book by [[Shashi Tharoor]] which was published on 1 September 2020 by [[Penguin Random House]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tharoor |first=Shashi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MsH4DwAAQBAJ |title=Tharoorosaurus |date=2020-09-01 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5305-951-4 |language=en}}</ref>

== Composition ==
The book is written in style of [[thesaurus]] and the definition of the book is ‘Aptagrams’.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Raka |date=2020-09-15 |title=In a World of 'Lit' and 'Yeet,' Shashi Tharoor's Book 'Tharoorosaurus' Passes the 'Vibe Check' |url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/in-a-world-of-lit-and-yeet-shashi-tharoors-book-tharoorosaurus-passes-the-vibe-check-2876099.html |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Shashi Tharoor]] shares 53 examples from his vocabulary<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-07 |title=Shashi Tharoor is coming up with a new book to teach some new words |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/shashi-tharoor-new-book-6543844/ |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> which all are introduced by him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shashi Tharoor comes up with 'Tharoorosaurus', compilation of bombastic words introduced by him |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/features/books/shashi-tharoor-comes-up-with-tharoorosaurus-compilation-of-bombastic-words-introduced-by-him-1.4974791 |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |date=13 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

== Critical reviews ==
K. C. Vijaya Kumar of [[The Hindu]] wrote: {{quote|There is a hat-tip to William Shakespeare — ‘His written vocabulary, Dickson tells us, consisted of 17,245 words, many of which he simply made up for his plays’, but this book isn’t entirely about literature. It liberally draws from the globe around us, juxtaposes the past with current realities, makes some friendly jabs at rival politicians and ideologies but never loses focus upon the specific word being dealt with and its multiple connotations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=K. C. Vijaya |date=2020-09-26 |title=K.C. Vijaya Kumar reviews Tharoorosaurus, by Shashi Tharoor |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/tharoorosaurus-review-a-to-z-of-tharoors-rich-lexicon/article32693514.ece |access-date=2023-01-12 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>}}
[[The Times of India]] wrote: {{quote|The book is great for linguaphiles of any age and good for anyone who needs to understand the beauty of language and the way it constantly evolves.".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Micro review: 'Tharoorosaurus' by Shashi Tharoor - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/reviews/micro-review-tharoorosaurus-by-shashi-tharoor/articleshow/78196558.cms |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=19 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>}}
The book has been also reviewed by Ajay Kumar Singh of [[Daily Pioneer]],<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Book Review: Tharoorosaurus |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2020/state-editions/book-review--tharoorosaurus.html |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=[[Daily Pioneer]] |language=en}}</ref> and Gaurav Prakash of The News Agency.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prakash |first=Gaurav |title=The Saturday Book Review: Tharoorosaurus Is A Book For All Ages To Possess, Enjoy The World Of Words |url=https://www.thenewsagency.in/india/the-saturday-book-review-tharoorosaurus-is-a-book-for-all-ages-to-possess-enjoy-the-world-of-words |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=The News Agency |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Books by Shashi Tharoor]]
[[Category:2020 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Penguin Random House books]]

{{nonfiction-book-stub}}

Department of Panchayat Raj and Rural Development (Telangana)

2026-03-28T23:56:18Z

Rakshasingh12: Adding new data more to come

{{Short description|None}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Minister of Panchayat Raj and Rural Development
| body =
| native_name = {{transliteration|te|Pan̄cāyat Rāj mariyu Grāmīṇābhivr̥d'dhi Śākha Mantrī}}
| insignia =
| insigniasize =
| insigniacaption =
| insigniaalt =
| flag =
| flagsize =
| flagalt =
| flagborder =
| flagcaption =
| image = Danasari-Anasuya-Seethakka Garu.png
| imagesize =
| alt =
| imagecaption =
| incumbent = [[Seethakka|Dansari Anasuya]]
| acting =
| incumbentsince = 7 December 2023
| department = Department of Panchayat Raj and Rural Development
| style =
| type =
| status =
| abbreviation = PR&RD
| member_of = State Cabinet
| reports_to = [[List of governors of Telangana|Governor of Telangana]] [[List of chief ministers of Telangana|Chief Minister of Telangana]] [[Telangana Legislature]]
| residence =
| seat =
| nominator =
| appointer = [[List of governors of Telangana|Governor of Telangana]]
| appointer_qualified = on the advice of the [[List of chief ministers of Telangana|Chief Minister of Telangana]]
| termlength =
| termlength_qualified =
| constituting_instrument =
| precursor =
| inaugural = [[Jupally Krishna Rao]]
| formation = 2 June 2014
| first =
| last =
| abolished =
| superseded_by =
| succession =
| unofficial_names =
| deputy =
| salary =
| website = {{url|https://epanchayat.telangana.gov.in/cs}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Department of Panchayat Raj and Rural Development''' is a cabinet level ministerial post in the [[Government of Telangana]]. First held on 16 December 2014, this ministry has one of the important portfolios in the cabinet of the state. The incumbent Minister for the Department of Panchayat Raj and Rural Development for the state of Telangana is [[Seethakka|Dansari Anasuya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Telangana State Portal Council of Ministers (Present) |url=https://www.telangana.gov.in/government/council-of-ministers |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=www.telangana.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-12-16 |title=Six ministers inducted into Telangana Cabinet |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/Six-new-ministers-inducted-into-AP-Cabinet/article60094153.ece |access-date=2023-03-24 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== List of ministers ==
{| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.4em; text-align:center"
! rowspan=2 |#
! rowspan=2 colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan=2 style="width:16em" | Minister {{small|(Lifespan) Constituency}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan=2 style="width:5em" |Election {{small|(Term)}}
! rowspan=2 style="width:8em" |Party
! rowspan=2 style="width:8em" |Ministry
! rowspan=2 style="width:10em" |Chief Minister
!rowspan=2 |Ref.
|-
!Term start
!Term end
!Duration
|-
!1
|rowspan=2 bgcolor="{{party color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}"|
|[[File:No-Photo-Available-240x300.jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Jupally Krishna Rao]]''' {{small|(born 1955) MLA for [[Kollapur Assembly constituency|Kollapur]]}}
|16 December 2014
|6 September 2018
|'''{{ayd|16 December 2014|6 September 2018}}'''
|[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]] {{small|(1st)}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
| bgcolor="#FFA1F4"| '''[[First K. Chandrashekar Rao ministry|Rao I]]'''
| rowspan="2" |[[K. Chandrashekar Rao|Kalvakuntla Chandrashekhar Rao]]
|
|-
!2
|[[File:Errabelli.jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Errabelli Dayakar Rao]]''' {{small|(born 1956) MLA for [[Palakurthi Assembly constituency|Palakurthi]]}}
|19 February 2019
|3 December 2023
|'''{{ayd|19 February 2019|3 December 2023}}'''
|[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]] {{small|[[2nd Telangana Assembly|(2nd)]]}}
|bgcolor="#FFA1F4"| '''[[Second K. Chandrashekar Rao ministry|Rao II]]'''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-19 |title=Telangana Cabinet Expansion: KCR Inducts 10 Ministers |url=https://www.sakshipost.com/telangana-politics/2019/02/19/telangana-cabinet-expansion-kcr-inducts-10-ministers |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=Sakshi Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-02-16 |title=66 days with 1 minister, Telangana CM KCR to expand cabinet on February 19 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/66-days-with-1-minister-telangana-cm-kcr-to-expand-cabinet-on-february-19/articleshow/68018145.cms |access-date=2023-03-24 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
!3
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:No-Photo-Available-240x300.jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Seethakka|Dansari Anasuya]]''' {{small|(born 1971) MLA for [[Mulug Assembly constituency|Mulug]]}}
|7 December 2023
|''Incumbent''
|'''{{ayd|7 December 2023|}}'''
|[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]] {{small|[[3rd Telangana Assembly|(3rd)]]}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| '''[[Revanth Reddy ministry|Reddy]]'''
|[[Revanth Reddy|Anumula Revanth Reddy]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maoist To Telangana Minister, Seethakka's Unique Journey |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/maoist-to-telangana-minister-seethakkas-unique-journey-4652036 |access-date=2024-02-22 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Government of Telangana]]
[[Category:Government departements of Telangana]]

Nandamuri Balakrishna

2026-03-27T09:49:01Z

Rakshasingh12: added layout based on references per sources

{{Short description|Indian actor, film producer and politician (born 1960)}}
{{Redirect|Balayya}}
{{family name hatnote|Nandamuri|lang=Telugu}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Nandamuri Balakrishna
| image = The Chief Guest, Actor Shri Nandamuri Balkrishna addressing at the closing ceremony of the 43rd International Film Festival of India (IFFI-2012), in Panaji, Goa on November 30, 2012 (cropped).jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1960|06|10}}
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Madras State]], India (present-day [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu)
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP)
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 16 May 2014
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Hindupur Assembly constituency|Hindupur]]
| predecessor = P. Abdul Ghani
| successor =
| spouse = {{Marriage|Vasundhara Devi|9 December 1982}}
| children = 3
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|film producer|politician}}
| education = [[Nizam College]], [[Hyderabad]]
| family =
| father = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]
| relatives = [[Nandamuri–Nara family]]
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] (2025)
| module = {{Infobox person | embed = yes
| works = [[Nandamuri Balakrishna filmography|Full list]]
}}
}}

'''Nandamuri Balakrishna''' (born 10 June 1960), also known as '''Balayya''' or '''NBK''', is an Indian actor, film producer, politician and philanthropist known for his works in [[Telugu cinema]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/Balakrishna-meets-Amitabh-Bachchan-on-the-sets-of-Sarkar-3/articleshow/54954762.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Balakrishna meets Amitabh Bachchan on the sets of ''Sarkar 3''|access-date=17 December 2016|date=20 October 2016|archive-date=26 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226201542/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/Balakrishna-meets-Amitabh-Bachchan-on-the-sets-of-Sarkar-3/articleshow/54954762.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/Balayya-has-a-fruitful-meet-with-KCR/article14006839.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|title=Balayya has a fruitful meet with KCR|access-date=17 December 2016|date=19 January 2016|archive-date=21 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221190701/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/Balayya-has-a-fruitful-meet-with-KCR/article14006839.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NBK Trust {{!}}{{!}} Home |url=https://nbktrust.com/ |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=nbktrust.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Happy birthday Nandamuri Balakrishna: Debut at 14 to philanthropy, fun facts about the Telugu star |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/happy-birthday-nandamuri-balakrishna-debut-at-14-to-philanthropy-fun-facts-about-the-telugu-star-101623318076244.html}}</ref> Balakrishna is an elected member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[Hindupur Assembly constituency|Hindupur constituency]] since 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hindupur Election Results 2019 Live Updates:Nandamuri Balakrishna of TDP Wins|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/hindupur-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2-2152889.html|access-date=4 September 2020|website=News18|date=23 May 2019|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108000336/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/hindupur-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2-2152889.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The son of Indian [[matinée idol]] and former [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] [[N. T. Rama Rao]], Balakrishna made his debut as a child artist at the age of 14 with the film ''[[Tatamma Kala]]'' (1974).<ref>{{cite web|title=NT Balakrishna-'Sonrise' in the TDP|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2009/mar/04slide11-celeb-in-politics-is-polls-2009.htm|access-date=4 March 2009|publisher=Rediff|archive-date=27 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927215731/http://www.rediff.com/news/2009/mar/04slide11-celeb-in-politics-is-polls-2009.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|date=24 April 2011|title=Balayya is a beaming daddy|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Balayya-is-a-beaming-daddy/articleshow/8065775.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928034326/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-24/news-interviews/29466772_1_balayya-bharatiya-vidya-bhavan-project-award|url-status=live|archive-date=28 September 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=24 April 2011}}</ref> In 2025, the [[Government of India]] honoured him with third-highest civilian award in India, the [[Padma Bhushan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards 2025 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2096285 |website=Press Information Beareu, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Padma Awards 2025 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2096285 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> Balakrishna is a recipient of three state [[Nandi Awards]], two [[South Indian International Movie Award|SIIMA Awards]], and an [[3rd IIFA Utsavam|IIFA Award]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=14 February 2017|title=Time to reinvent|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Time-to-reinvent/article17301535.ece|access-date=4 September 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824133007/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Time-to-reinvent/article17301535.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, Balakrishna was the chief guest at the [[43rd International Film Festival of India|43rd IFFI]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/telegu-star-to-be-chief-guest-for-iffi-closing/articleshow/17422555.cms|title=Telegu star to be chief guest for Iffi closing|newspaper=The Times of India |date=30 November 2012}}</ref> Currently, he serves as the Chairman of [[Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital|Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Charan|date=11 June 2019|title=Balayya celebrates birthday with children at Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/hyderabad/balayya-celebrates-birthday-with-children-at-basavatarakam-indo-american-cancer-hospital-536784|access-date=4 September 2020|website=The Hans India|language=en|archive-date=8 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508131306/https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/hyderabad/balayya-celebrates-birthday-with-children-at-basavatarakam-indo-american-cancer-hospital-536784|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2025, Balakrishna became the first Indian actor to enter the ''World Book of Records'' for completing 50 years in films.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-25 |title=Nandamuri Balakrishna becomes first Indian actor to enter World Book of Records for 50 years in films, CM Chandrababu Naidu calls it 'historic' |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/nandamuri-balakrishna-becomes-first-ever-indian-actor-to-enter-world-book-of-records-for-50-years-in-films-cm-chandrababu-naidu/articleshow/123494166.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-08-26 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

Balakrishna starred in more than hundred feature films in a variety of roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balachandran |first=Logesh |date=10 June 2020 |title=Balakrishna rings in 60th birthday with cancer survivors. See pics |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/balakrishna-rings-in-60th-birthday-with-cancer-survivors-see-pics-1687515-2020-06-10 |website=India Today |access-date=4 July 2020 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626041614/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/balakrishna-rings-in-60th-birthday-with-cancer-survivors-see-pics-1687515-2020-06-10 |url-status=live}}</ref> He achieved commercial success, with works such as ''[[Sahasame Jeevitham]]'' (1984), ''[[Janani Janmabhoomi]]'' (1984), ''[[Mangammagari Manavadu]]'' (1984), ''[[Apoorva Sahodarulu]]'' (1986), ''[[Muvva Gopaludu]]'' (1987), ''[[Muddula Mavayya]]'' (1989), ''[[Nari Nari Naduma Murari]]'' (1990), ''[[Lorry Driver (film)|Lorry Driver]]'' (1990), ''[[Aditya 369]]'' (1991), ''[[Rowdy Inspector]]'' (1992), ''[[Bangaru Bullodu (1993 film)|Bangaru Bullodu]]'' (1993), ''[[Bhairava Dweepam]]'' (1994), ''[[Peddannayya]]'' (1997), ''[[Samarasimha Reddy]]'' (1999), ''[[Narasimha Naidu]]'' (2001), ''[[Lakshmi Narasimha (film)|Lakshmi Narasimha]]'' (2004), ''[[Simha (film)|Simha]]'' (2010), ''[[Legend (2014 film)|Legend]]'' (2014), ''[[Akhanda]]'' (2021), ''[[Veera Simha Reddy]]'' (2023), ''[[Bhagavanth Kesari]]'' (2023) and ''[[Daaku Maharaaj]]'' (2025).

Balakrishna experimented with [[Biographical film|biographical]], [[Historical drama|historical]] and [[hagiographical]] films. He played poet [[Vemulawada Bheemakavi]] in ''[[Vemulawada Bheemakavi (film)|Vemulawada Bheemakavi]]'' (1976); [[Abhimanyu]] in ''[[Daana Veera Soora Karna]]'' (1977); [[Jahangir]] in ''[[Akbar Salim Anarkali]]'' (1979); [[Narada]] in ''[[Sri Tirupati Venkateswara Kalyanam]]'' (1979); Sidda in ''[[Srimadvirat Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra]]'' (1984); [[Krishnadevaraya]] in ''[[Aditya 369]]'' (1991); [[Harishchandra|Satya Harischandra]] and [[Dushyanta]] in ''[[Brahmarshi Viswamitra]]'' (1991); Lord [[Krishna]] and [[Arjuna]] in ''[[Sri Krishnarjuna Vijayam]]'' (1996); [[Pundarika]] in ''[[Pandurangadu]]'' (2008); [[N. T. Rama Rao]] in ''[[NTR: Mahanayakudu]]'' (2019) and ''[[NTR: Kathanayakudu]]'' (2019); and Lord [[Rama]] in ''[[Sri Rama Rajyam]]'' (2011) featured at the [[42nd International Film Festival of India|42nd IFFI]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iffi.nic.in/03Dec2011.pdf |title=I cast actors according to the requirement of the script |work=IFFI daily |access-date=15 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216033827/http://www.iffi.nic.in/03Dec2011.pdf |archive-date=16 December 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In his 100th film, he played [[Gautamiputra Satakarni]], second-century ruler of the [[Satavahana dynasty]] in the epic war film ''[[Gautamiputra Satakarni (film)|Gautamiputra Satakarni]]'' (2017) featured at the first "Edinburgh Festival of Indian Films and Documentaries".<ref name="ibtimes.co.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gautamiputra-satakarni-launch-live-update-kcr-chiranjeevi-venkatesh-balakrishnas-100th-movie-675752|title='Gautamiputra Satakarni' launch live update: KCR, Chiranjeevi, Venkatesh at Balakrishna's 100th movie opening [PHOTOS+VIDEOS]|website=[[International Business Times]]|access-date=27 October 2019|date=22 April 2016|archive-date=22 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622154821/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/gautamiputra-satakarni-launch-live-update-kcr-chiranjeevi-venkatesh-balakrishnas-100th-movie-675752|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://grassmarket.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/EFIFD-2017-FESTIVAL-BROCHURE-films-1.pdf Edinburgh Festival of Indian Films & Documentaries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109121902/http://grassmarket.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/EFIFD-2017-FESTIVAL-BROCHURE-films-1.pdf |date=9 January 2018 }}. grassmarket.org (11 November 2017)</ref> Balakrishna has received three state [[Nandi Award for Best Actor|Nandi Awards for Best Actor]] for his works in ''[[Narasimha Naidu]]'' (2001), ''[[Simha (film)|Simha]]'' (2010), and ''[[Legend (2014 film)|Legend]]'' (2014).<ref name="auto6">{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/nandiawards2001.html|title=Telugu Cinema Etc|website=Idlebrain.com|access-date=10 March 2011|archive-date=15 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015051855/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/nandiawards2001.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Early life and family==
{{Main|Nandamuri–Nara family}}

Nandamuri Balakrishna was born on 10 June 1960 in a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] family to Indian [[Matinée idol|matinee idol]] and three-time [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|chief minister of Andhra Pradesh]] [[N. T. Rama Rao]] and his wife Basavatarakam, in [[Madras]] (present-day [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/39235.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611124857/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/39235.html|archive-date=11 June 2008|title=Happy Birthday Balakrishna|website=IndiaGlitz|access-date=10 June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=28 May 2011|title=Succession war between Naidu, NTR families hots up|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/succession-war-between-naidu-ntr-families-hots-up-158764.html|access-date=27 July 2021|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|archive-date=27 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727165516/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/succession-war-between-naidu-ntr-families-hots-up-158764.html|url-status=live}}</ref> As the Telugu film industry was based in Madras at that time, he spent his entire childhood in Madras. During his adolescence, he moved to [[Hyderabad]] following the shift of the Telugu film industry to that city.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}} He earned a [[Bachelor of Commerce|bachelor's degree in commerce]] from [[Nizam College]], Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 June 2019|title=Happy Birthday Nandamuri Balakrishna: These 3 Faction films have made the Natasimham "the darling of the masses"|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/happy-birthday-nandamuri-balakrishna-these-3-faction-films-have-made-the-natasimham-the-darling-of-the-masses/articleshow/69722799.cms|access-date=27 July 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=28 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728000935/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/happy-birthday-nandamuri-balakrishna-these-3-faction-films-have-made-the-natasimham-the-darling-of-the-masses/articleshow/69722799.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>{{when|date=October 2019}}

In 1982, at the age of 22, Balakrishna married Vasundhara Devi. They have three children.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 June 2021|title=Happy Birthday Balayya: Interesting Facts About 'Legend' Hero|url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/tollywood/happy-birthday-balayya-interesting-facts-about-legend-hero-136799|access-date=27 July 2021|website=Sakshi Post|language=en|archive-date=27 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727170400/https://english.sakshi.com/news/tollywood/happy-birthday-balayya-interesting-facts-about-legend-hero-136799|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Film career==
{{Main|Nandamuri Balakrishna filmography}}

===1974-1986: Early years and family dramas===

Balakrishna made his acting debut as a child artiste in ''Tatamma Kala'', which was directed by [[N. T. Rama Rao]], his father. He acted in several films, many of which were directed by his father, including ''[[Daana Veera Soora Karna]]'' (1977), ''[[Sri Madvirata Parvam]]'' (1979), ''[[Akbar Salim Anarkali]]'' (1979) and ''[[Sri Tirupati Venkateswara Kalyanam]]'' (1979). At the age of 16, he acted in a movie titled ''[[Annadammula Anubandham]]'' (1975), a remake of [[Dharmendra]]'s Hindi movie ''[[Yaadon Ki Baaraat]]'', and played a brother to his real life father, Rama Rao. Balakrishna appeared as son to his real life brother [[Nandamuri Harikrishna]] in the movie ''Dana Veera Sura Karna''.

In 1984, he debuted in an adult role with ''[[Sahasame Jeevitham]]''. He then starred in the drama film ''[[Mangammagari Manavadu]]'' the same year, alongside [[P. Bhanumathi|Bhanumathi]] and [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]], directed by [[Kodi Ramakrishna]]. In the same year, he acted in ''[[Kathanayakudu (1984 film)|Kathanayakudu]]'' and in the biographical film ''[[Srimadvirat Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra|Shrimad Virat Veerabrahmendra Swami Charitra]]''. He also appeared in ''[[Janani Janmabhoomi]]'' in 1984, directed by [[K. Viswanath]]. In 1985, he acted with [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] in the film ''Bharyabhartala Bandham'', alongside [[Rajani (actress)|Rajani]]. In 1986, he acted in movies such as ''[[Muddula Krishnaiah]]'', ''Seetharama Kalyanam'', ''[[Anasuyamma Gari Alludu]]'' and ''[[Deshoddharakudu]]'', which gradually increased his potential at the box office.{{Vague|date=October 2019}}

===1987–1999: Mass films and rise to prominence===
In 1987, Balakrishna acted in a dual role in the film ''[[Apoorva Sahodarulu]]'', directed by [[K. Raghavendra Rao]]. In the same year, he starred in ''[[President Gari Abbai]]'', directed by [[T. Rama Rao]] and ''[[Muvva Gopaludu]]'', by [[Kodi Ramakrishna]].<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/28065.html|title=Balakrishna to play hero in Bhargava Arts' film|website=IndiaGlitz|access-date=27 December 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109072547/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/28065.html|archive-date=9 January 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> His other films like ''[[Inspector Pratap]]'', ''[[Bharatamlo Bala Chandrudu]]'', ''[[Tiragabadda Telugubidda]]'', ''[[Raktabhishekam]]'' were also successful at the box office.{{Citation needed|date=October 2019|reason=Is this even necessary?}} In 1989, he paired with [[Vijayashanti]] in ''[[Muddula Mavayya]]'' directed by Kodi Ramakrishna. In 1990, he acted in ''[[Nari Nari Naduma Murari]]'', directed by [[A. Kodandarami Reddy]], alongside [[Shobana]] and [[Nirosha]]. In the same year, he appeared in [[B. Gopal]]'s ''[[Lorry Driver (film)|Lorry Driver]]'', opposite [[Vijayashanti]].<ref name="auto4">{{cite news |work=Rediff.com |first=Vijaya |last=Laxmi |access-date=6 June 2003 |title=Overconfidence is Palnati Brahmanaidu's downfall |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jun/06bonda.htm |archive-date=9 June 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030609204009/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jun/06bonda.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1991, he acted in science fiction film ''[[Aditya 369]]'', directed by [[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]]. This was the only science fiction film in Telugu cinema during that period of time.{{Citation needed|date=September 2017}} He then had two releases in 1992, ''[[Dharma Kshetram]]'' with [[Divya Bharti|Divya Bharathi]] and ''[[Rowdy Inspector]]'', directed by B. Gopal.<ref name="auto5">{{cite web|url=http://www.cinegoer.com/films1992.htm|title=Films Released in 1992 And Their Box Office Success|publisher=cinegoer.com|access-date=7 October 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012032106/http://www.cinegoer.com/films1992.htm|archive-date=12 October 2007}}</ref> In 1993, he had two releases on the same day, which are ''[[Nippu Ravva]]'', alongside [[Shobana]] and Vijayashanti, directed by [[A. Kodandarami Reddy]]; ''[[Bangaru Bullodu (1993 film)|Bangaru Bullodu]]'', alongside [[Raveena Tandon]] and [[Ramya Krishnan|Ramya Krishna]], directed by [[Ravi Raja Pinisetty]]. His next appearance was a role in ''[[Bhairava Dweepam]]'' in 1994, directed by Singeetam Srinivasa Rao. In ''Brahmarshi Viswamitra'', directed by NTR, he played as Satya Harischandra and [[Dushyanta]]. Between 1994 and 1999, he acted in movies such as ''[[Bobbili Simham]]'', ''[[Vamsanikokkadu]]'', ''[[Peddannayya]]'' and moderate successes{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} such as ''[[Top Hero]]'', ''[[Muddula Mogudu (1997 film)|Muddula Mogudu]]'', ''[[Maato Pettukoku]]'', ''Raana'' and ''[[Pavitra Prema]]''. In the year 1999, he acted in B. Gopal's action film ''[[Samarasimha Reddy]]'', opposite [[Simran]] and [[Anjala Zhaveri]].

===2000–2009: Career fluctuations===
In 2000, Balakrishna acted in ''[[Goppinti Alludu]]'', directed by [[E. V. V. Satyanarayana]] with Simran. In 2001, he starred in the B. Gopal-directed faction film ''[[Narasimha Naidu]]'', opposite Simran once again. The film became the highest-grossing Telugu film of all time until the record{{Citation needed|date=October 2019}} Balakrishna won his first [[Nandi Award for Best Actor]] for his performance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020|language=Telugu|archive-date=23 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223135739/http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In the same year, he appeared in ''[[Bhalevadivi Basu]]'' with [[Shilpa Shetty]] and [[Anjala Zaveri]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-bvb.html|title=Movie review – Bhalevadivi Basu|website=Idlebrain.com|access-date=15 June 2001|archive-date=5 October 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011005034804/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-bvb.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His 2002 and 2003 films include ''[[Seema Simham]]'' and ''[[Chennakesava Reddy]]''. The former received unfavourable reviews and was a box office flop, but the latter one was critically and financially successful.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar R |first=Manoj |date=11 June 2020 |title=Nine over-the-top action movies of Nandamuri Balakrishna you can watch online |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/nandamuri-balakrishna-action-movies-online-6451601/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130150258/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/nandamuri-balakrishna-action-movies-online-6451601/ |archive-date=30 November 2020 |access-date=26 August 2021 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> In 2004, he performed in a remake of the 2003 Tamil film ''[[Saamy]]'', titled ''[[Lakshmi Narasimha (film)|Lakshmi Narasimha]]'', with [[Asin]]. The film and Balakrishna's performance won critical acclaim and was a financial success.<ref>{{cite news|first=Ravikanth |last= Reddy| access-date=20 January 2004| title=Balakrishna's film ahead in box-office battle |url=http://hindu.com/2004/01/20/stories/2004012014240500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040218081343/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/20/stories/2004012014240500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 February 2004|location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]] | date=20 January 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/lakshmi-narasimha-ahead-news-telugu-kkfvNPjejia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020105658/http://www.sify.com/movies/lakshmi-narasimha-ahead-news-telugu-kkfvNPjejia.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 October 2012|title=Lakshmi Narasimha' ahead!|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=17 January 2004}}</ref> During the period, he also announced plans to act and direct in the remake of ''[[Nartanasala (1963 film)|Nartanasala]]'', starred by his father, and a launch event was held in Hyderabad in March 2003. Produced by Pusapati Lakshmipati Raju, the film was announced to have an ensemble cast also featuring [[Soundarya]], [[Srihari]], [[P. Sai Kumar|Saikumar]], [[Uday Kiran]] and [[Asin]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/muhurat-nartanasaala.html|title=Opening function of Bala Krishna's Telugu film Naratana saala|website=Idlebrain.com|access-date=10 December 2015|archive-date=13 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713072251/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/muhurat-nartanasaala.html|url-status=live}}</ref> However, despite a grand launch, the film was later shelved following the sudden demise of Soundarya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/big-movies-which-got-shelved-after-launch-telugu-news-117460.html-slide3|title=IndiaGlitz – Big movies which got shelved after launch – Telugu Movie News|access-date=19 July 2016|archive-date=15 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215193451/http://www.indiaglitz.com/big-movies-which-got-shelved-after-launch-telugu-news-117460.html-slide3|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The years from 2005 to 2009 saw action-drama flicks such as ''[[Vijayendra Varma]]'', ''[[Veerabhadra (film)|Veerabhadra]]'', ''[[Allari Pidugu]]'', ''[[Okka Magaadu]]'' and ''[[Maharathi (2007 film)|Maharathi]]'' which did not perform well at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.in.msn.com/southcinemathisdecade/teluguactor/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=3623432&page=9|title=Nandamuri Balakrishna|publisher=MSN.com|access-date=16 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329130149/http://entertainment.in.msn.com/southcinemathisdecade/teluguactor/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=3623432&page=9|archive-date=29 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> He paired with [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] and [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] in the mythological movie ''[[Pandurangadu]]'' (2008), directed by [[K. Raghavendra Rao]]. He played the dual roles of [[Krishna]] and [[Panduranga]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/34238.html|title=Balakrishna shoots for 'Panduranga'|website=IndiaGlitz|access-date=23 October 2007|archive-date=24 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024121747/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/34238.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Rediff]] described his performance as "Balakrishna does justice to both the roles of God and Ranga. He shines in the climax of the movie. It's quite a task to step into NTR's shoes, but his son has done pretty well, though one does miss NTR in the role of Krishna!".<ref>{{cite news |work=Rediff.com |first=Radhika |last=Rajamani |access-date=30 May 2008 |title=Pandurangadu is refreshing |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/may/30ssp.htm |archive-date=31 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531131052/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/may/30ssp.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was an average success and his performance won him the [[Santosham Best Actor Award]].<ref name="indiaglitz1">{{cite news|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/49240.html|title=Santhosham Awards Winners List|website=IndiaGlitz|access-date=22 August 2009|archive-date=26 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826115954/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/49240.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the year 2009, he starred in the family drama ''[[Mitrudu]]'', alongside [[Priyamani]] in a slightly different role – that of a dependable friend and confidante to the female lead. The film opened to average reviews.<ref>{{cite news |work=Rediff.com |first=Radhika |last=Rajamani |access-date=1 May 2009 |title=Mitrudu has nothing much to offer |url=http://movies.rediff.com/review/2009/may/01/mitrudu-has-nothing-much-to-offer.htm |archive-date=7 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007122121/http://movies.rediff.com/review/2009/may/01/mitrudu-has-nothing-much-to-offer.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

===2010–present: Continued fluctuations with major successes===
In 2010, Balakrishna acted in [[Boyapati Srinu]]'s film ''[[Simha (film)|Simha]]'', alongside [[Nayanthara|Nayantara]] and [[Sneha Ullal]]. He played a dual role as father and son. The film opened to positive reviews,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/simha-review-telugu-14940183.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924202256/http://www.sify.com/movies/simha-review-telugu-14940183.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2015|title=Simha|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> and went on to become the highest-grossing Telugu film of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/an-average-fare/645827/4|title=AN AVERAGE FARE|date=16 July 2010|publisher=Indian Express|access-date=16 July 2010|archive-date=12 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012032403/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/an-average-fare/645827/4|url-status=live}}</ref> A review in [[Rediff]] said about his performance: "Balakrishna has put in a restrained performance. Though his character is supposed to roar at times, he seems subdued most of the time. But he's given plenty to be pleased about as it is his show all the way."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/apr/30/south-telugu-review-simha.htm|title=Simha is for Balayya's fans|publisher=Rediff|access-date=30 April 2010|archive-date=1 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501151915/http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/apr/30/south-telugu-review-simha.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011, he acted in the mythological film ''[[Sri Rama Rajyam]]'', based on the epic [[Ramayana]]. He played a triple role in the 2012 action drama ''[[Adhinayakudu]]'' as grandfather, father and grandson. Balakrishna was the chief guest for the [[43rd International Film Festival of India]], 2012.<ref>{{cite news |author=Prakash Kamat |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/curtains-down-on-iffi-extravaganza/article4152521.ece |title=Today's Paper / NATIONAL : Curtains down on IFFI extravaganza |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=1 December 2012 |access-date=6 December 2012 |archive-date=4 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204082812/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/curtains-down-on-iffi-extravaganza/article4152521.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> At the event, he was accompanied by [[List of governors of Goa|Governor of Goa]], [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo|B. V. Wanchoo]], and the Chief Minister [[Manohar Parrikar]] during the closing ceremony. Balakrishna, in his speech, said that although the Telugu film industry finds no place in the film festival by way of representation its films, 80 percent of the movies that are produced in India are in regional languages, out of which Fifty percent are from South India. "Today, film industry is facing competition from radio, and television as also from piracy," he stated. He also maintained that the film festivals have enlarged his vision towards his career.{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}

In 2014, he acted in Boyapati Srinu's film ''[[Legend (2014 film)|Legend]]'', alongside [[Sonal Chauhan]] and [[Jagapathi Babu]]. He played the title role in the biographical and historical film ''[[Gautamiputra Satakarni (film)|Gautamiputra Satakarni]]'', his 100th film. The film is directed by [[Krish (director)|Krish]] and is based on the life of the 2nd century ruler of the [[Satavahana dynasty]], [[Gautamiputra Satakarni]].<ref name="ibtimes.co.in"/> In 2018, he acted in ''[[Jai Simha]]'', which was directed by [[K. S. Ravikumar]] and started shooting for the ''N.T.R.'' biopic in which he reprised the role of his father. The film was made in two parts, the first part ''[[NTR: Kathanayakudu]]'' was released on 9 January 2019, with the second ''[[NTR: Mahanayakudu]]'' on 22 February 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ntr-biopic-in-2-parts-kathanayakudu-mahanayakudu/articleshow/66073140.cms|title=NTR biopic in 2 parts: Kathanayakudu & Mahanayakudu - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=4 October 2018 |access-date=18 February 2019|archive-date=18 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218205010/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ntr-biopic-in-2-parts-kathanayakudu-mahanayakudu/articleshow/66073140.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ntr-biopic-kathanayakudu-gets-a-release-date-1412993-2018-12-19|title=NTR biopic Kathanayakudu gets a release date|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today|access-date=18 February 2019|archive-date=19 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219015712/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ntr-biopic-kathanayakudu-gets-a-release-date-1412993-2018-12-19|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/its-confirmed-rana-daggubati-starrer-ntr-mahanayakudu-to-release-on-february-22-2019-south-news/366843|title=It's confirmed! Rana Daggubati starrer NTR Mahanayakudu to release on February 22, 2019 - South News|website=Timesnownews.com|date=16 February 2019 |access-date=18 February 2019|archive-date=18 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218201938/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/its-confirmed-rana-daggubati-starrer-ntr-mahanayakudu-to-release-on-february-22-2019-south-news/366843|url-status=live}}</ref> His 2021 movie [[Akhanda]] marks third collaboration with director [[Boyapati Srinu]], featuring his dual role as [[Aghori|Aghori Baba]] and a farmer. It was a super hit at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 December 2021|title=Akhanda review: Nandamuri Balakrishna film is an assault on the senses|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/akhanda-movie-review-nandamuri-balakrishna-film-is-an-assault-on-the-senses-7652464/|access-date=2 December 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=2 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202120944/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/akhanda-movie-review-nandamuri-balakrishna-film-is-an-assault-on-the-senses-7652464/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, Nandamuri Balakrishna starred in the Telugu film ''[[Bhagavanth Kesari]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2023-10-14 |title='Bhagavanth Kesari' clears censor; bags U/A certificate |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/bhagavanth-kesari-clears-censor-bags-ua-certificate-829813 |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-01 |title=Naidu, Pawan Kalyan, Lokesh congratulate Balakrishna on national award for Bhagavanth Kesari |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/naidu-pawan-kalyan-lokesh-congratulate-balakrishna-on-national-award-for-bhagavanth-kesari/article69883910.ece |access-date=2025-08-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Political career==
Since the founding of the [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP) in 1982, Balakrishna campaigned for it in every election for Rama Rao and Chandrababu Naidu, but did not enter the electoral battle until 2014. During a vacation to his father-in-law's house, he went on a political campaign for TDP all over the [[East Godavari district]]. He contested in the [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] and won the [[Hindupur Assembly constituency|Hindupur]] Assembly Constituency seat with a reasonable majority. He also won again in the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] and the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] consecutively.<ref>{{cite web|title=I will work as per party instructions: Balakrishna|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/I-will-work-as-per-party-instructions-Balakrishna/articleshow/35213275.cms|access-date=16 May 2014|publisher=Times of India|archive-date=16 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516133710/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/I-will-work-as-per-party-instructions-Balakrishna/articleshow/35213275.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Hindupur]], in [[Anantapur district]], has been a stronghold for TDP since the formation of the party in 1983. It was once represented by his father and later for a term by his elder brother, [[Nandamuri Harikrishna]]. Balakrishna is the third member from his family to represent it in the State Assembly.<ref>{{cite web|date=13 April 2014|title=Actor N Balakrishna to contest from Hindupur Assembly seat|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140413/nation-politics/article/actor-nbalakrishnan-declared-hindupur|publisher=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=16 May 2014|archive-date=17 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517162727/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140413/nation-politics/article/actor-nbalakrishnan-declared-hindupur|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Controversies ==

===Shootout issue===
Balakrishna was involved in a [[shootout]] controversy which took place on 3 June 2004 around 8:50 PM at his residence in [[Jubilee Hills]], [[Hyderabad]]. He allegedly fired shots at producer [[Bellamkonda Suresh]] and his associate, Satyanarayana Chowdhary. Later, both the wounded were admitted into [[Apollo Hospitals|Apollo hospital]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/04/stories/2004060415551100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040813145048/http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/04/stories/2004060415551100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 August 2004|title=Actor 'fires at' producer|access-date=4 June 2004|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=4 June 2004}}</ref> The circumstances under which the case was handled led to controversy as purported by the [[Human Rights Forum|Human Rights Forum (HRF)]]. The HRF questioned the authenticity of people who handled the case, and the circumstances under which Balakrishna was shielded from police by being given refuge in [[Care Hospitals|Care Hospital]] without any justifiable cause.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/06/19/stories/2004061909050400.htm|title=Delay in action against Balakrishna deplored|work=The Hindu|access-date=19 June 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304145811/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/06/19/stories/2004061909050400.htm|archive-date=4 March 2011|url-status=usurped}}</ref> The two victims gave statements before the magistrate, alleging that Balakrishna fired shots at them, but later retracted their earlier statements.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/suresh-retracts-from-his-statement-says-he-adores-balakrishna/227112|title=Suresh retracts from his statement, says he adores Balakrishna|work=Outlook India|date=8 June 2004|access-date=17 September 2017|archive-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918020931/https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/suresh-retracts-from-his-statement-says-he-adores-balakrishna/227112|url-status=live}}</ref> Balakrishna was later arrested on 6 June and produced before Fifth Metropolitan Magistrate. A [[Order to show cause|show cause notice]] was also served to Balakrishna's wife Vasundhara Devi as the weapon used was registered to her, and she could not give sufficient protection to her weapon. Later, Balakrishna was granted bail on the conditions that he should not leave Hyderabad without the court's permission and to surrender his passport.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/court-grants-conditional-bail-to-film-actor-balakrishna-telugu-news-9588.html|title=Court grants conditional bail to film actor Balakrishna|date=26 June 2004|work=India Glitz|access-date=17 September 2017|archive-date=30 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630044505/https://www.indiaglitz.com/court-grants-conditional-bail-to-film-actor-balakrishna-telugu-news-9588.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/I-shot-them-they-attacked-me-/articleshow/722378.cms|title=I shot them ...they attacked me ....|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=7 June 2004|access-date=8 February 2018|archive-date=4 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704003320/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/I-shot-them-they-attacked-me-/articleshow/722378.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== History of Bipolar Disorder ===
After Balakrishna was involved in the shootout on 3 June, 2004, he was admitted at [[Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences|NIMS Hospital]], Hyderabad, reports have come out that he was suffering from depression for a year. Balakrishna was treated for his condition in more than five hospitals in Hyderabad, apart from the ones in Mumbai, Visakhapatnam and Rajasthan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=TNN |date=June 15, 2004 |title=Balakrishna has history of depression |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/balakrishna-has-history-of-depression/articleshow/739412.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

The director of [[Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences|NIMS Hospital]] at the time of the incident, invited doctors from the [[Institute of Mental Health (Erragadda)|Institute of Mental Health, Erragadda]], to study the psychological condition of Balakrishna. After the medical records of his mental condition were examined by the team of doctors, it was concluded that his mental condition might be related to an ankle fracture he suffered while shooting a film at Jodhpur. The team quoted that the reports from the Jodhpur hospital after the accident, mentioned about treating a mental disorder, apart from the foot injury.<ref name=":0" />

The psychoanalysis conducted on the actor indicated that Balakrishna was also experiencing manic depression, now known as [[bipolar disorder]]. Individuals experiencing this disorder may exhibit either heightened excitement or total withdrawal. Additionally, they may display atypical anger.<ref name=":0" />

=== Comments on ''Savitri'' ===
In March 2016, Balakrishna faced criticism following remarks he made at an audio release event for the Telugu film ''Savitri'', where comments attributed to him about women drew backlash from opposition political leaders. A police complaint was lodged in Hyderabad alleging that the remarks were objectionable, and authorities stated that legal provisions would be examined before further action. Balakrishna later issued an apology, stating that his comments were made in a lighter vein in context of the movie characters he plays and that he had no intention of offending or humiliating anyone.<ref>{{cite news
|title='Must kiss or make them pregnant': Row over Telugu actor Balakrishna's comments
|work=NDTV
|date=7 March 2016
|url=https://www.ndtv.com/andhra-pradesh-news/must-kiss-or-make-them-pregnant-row-over-telugu-actor-balakrishnas-comments-1284807
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|title=Balayya proffers an apology of sorts
|work=The Hindu
|date=8 March 2016
|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/balayya-proffers-an-apology-of-sorts/article8329010.ece
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|title=Actor Balakrishna issues apology for remarks on women
|work=The News Minute
|date=8 March 2016
|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/telangana/actor-balakrishna-issues-apology-his-vulgar-remarks-women-40023
}}</ref>

===Remarks about Narendra Modi===
In April 2019, Balakrishna drew criticism for remarks made during an election campaign in Andhra Pradesh, in which he made controversial comments directed at Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]. The statements, reported by multiple news outlets, led to complaints being lodged by [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] leaders, who alleged that the remarks were abusive and inappropriate. Police officials stated that the complaints were received and forwarded for legal opinion, with authorities examining the matter in accordance with procedure.<ref>{{cite news
|title=Modi should commit suicide hearing my curse: Balakrishna
|work=The Hindu
|date=22 April 2019
|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/modi-should-commit-suicide-hearing-my-curse-balakrishna/article26750337.ece
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|title=Complaint against Nandamuri Balakrishna for jibe at PM Narendra Modi
|work=Deccan Chronicle
|date=22 April 2019
|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/220418/hyderabad-complaint-against-nandamuri-balakrishna-for-jibe-at-pm-nare.html
}}</ref>

== Awards ==
===Civilian honours===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|+
|-
! width="5%" | Year
! style="width:45%;" | Award
! style="width:10%;" | Outcome
! style="width:5%;" | Ref
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2025
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Padma Bhushan]]
| {{won}}
|<ref name="Balakrishna, Ajith, Shekhar Kapur, Shobana honoured with Padma Bhushan, Arijit Singh, Ricky Kej conferred with Padma Shri">{{cite news |date=25 January 2025 |title=Balakrishna, Ajith, Shekhar Kapur, Shobana honoured with Padma Bhushan, Arijit Singh, Ricky Kej conferred with Padma Shri |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/padma-awards-balakrishna-ajith-shekhar-kapur-shobana-arijit-singh-ricky-kej-9799275/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126154012/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/padma-awards-balakrishna-ajith-shekhar-kapur-shobana-arijit-singh-ricky-kej-9799275/ |archive-date=26 January 2025 |access-date=26 January 2025 |publisher=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|}

;[[Gaddar Telangana Film Awards]]

* NTR National Award (2024)<ref name="Nandamuri Balakrishna to get Telangana's NTR National Film Award">{{cite news |title=Nandamuri Balakrishna to get Telangana's NTR National Film Award |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nandamuri-balakrishna-to-get-telanganas-ntr-national-film-award/articleshow/121518769.cms |access-date=30 May 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=30 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530153122/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nandamuri-balakrishna-to-get-telanganas-ntr-national-film-award/articleshow/121518769.cms |archive-date=30 May 2025}}</ref>
;[[Nandi Awards]]
* [[Nandi Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] – ''[[Narasimha Naidu]]'' (2001)<ref name="auto6"/>
* Best Actor – ''[[Simha (film)|Simha]]'' (2010)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2011/balakrishna-nithya-menon-nandi-awards-060811.html|title=Balakrishna-Nithya Menon bag Nandi Best Actor Awards|publisher=[[Oneindia.in]]|access-date=6 August 2011|date=6 August 2011}}</ref>
* Best Actor – ''[[Legend (2014 film)|Legend]]'' (2014)<ref name="auto6"/>

;[[3rd IIFA Utsavam]]
*Golden Legacy Award for outstanding achievement in Indian cinema{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}

;[[South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Awards]]
* Best Actor – ''[[Legend (2014 film)|Legend]]''{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}

;[[CineMAA Awards]]
* CineMAA Award for Best Actor - Male – ''Simha'' (2010)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/album/listing/entertainment/stars-at-cinemaa-awards-2011-10745#/slide/3|title=Telugu stars at Cinemaa Awards 2011|publisher=NDTV|access-date=18 August 2011|archive-date=21 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721070308/http://www.ndtv.com/album/listing/entertainment/stars-at-cinemaa-awards-2011-10745#/slide/3|url-status=live}}</ref>

;[[Santosham Film Awards]]
* [[Santosham Best Actor Award]] – ''[[Pandurangadu]]''<ref name="indiaglitz1"/>
* Santosham Best Actor Award – ''Simha''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news/santosham-awards-2010-announced-103344340.html|title=Santosham Awards 2010 announced|publisher=Yahoo Movies|access-date=10 August 2011|archive-date=2 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402162826/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news/santosham-awards-2010-announced-103344340.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Santosham Best Actor Award – ''[[Sri Rama Rajyam]]''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hellotolly.com/2012/08/santosham-film-awards-2012-winners.html |title=Santosham Film Awards 2012 - Winners | work=HelloTolly.com |access-date=30 November 2021 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304024940/http://www.hellotolly.com/2012/08/santosham-film-awards-2012-winners.html |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

;[[T. Subbarami Reddy|TSR]] National Awards
* Best Actor Award for the year 2010 – Male – ''[[Simha (film)|Simha]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/tsrawards2011.html|title=TSR-TV9 film awards winner list for 2011–2012|publisher=oneindia entertainment|access-date=19 April 2013|archive-date=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919183720/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/tsrawards2011.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Best Actor Award for the year 2011 – Male – ''[[Sri Rama Rajyam]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2013/tsr-tv9-film-awards-winners-list-2011-12-announced-107878.html|title=TSR – TV9 awards 2011|website=Oneindia|access-date=10 April 2011|archive-date=23 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423025240/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/telugu/news/2013/tsr-tv9-film-awards-winners-list-2011-12-announced-107878.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Best Actor Award for the year 2014 – Male – ''[[Legend (2014 film)|Legend]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150716/entertainment-bollywood/article/tsr-tv9-award-winners-announced|title=TSR-TV9 award winners announced|publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=16 July 2015|access-date=17 July 2015|archive-date=17 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717040839/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150716/entertainment-bollywood/article/tsr-tv9-award-winners-announced|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Other Awards
* Samman Award – Highest taxpayer in the charge of Commissioner of Income Tax.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/samman-nbk.html|title=Telugu Cinema Etc|website=Idlebrain.com|access-date=3 November 2013|archive-date=4 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104192447/http://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/samman-nbk.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Bharata Muni award for Best Actor of the year 2009 – ''Pandurangadu''{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}
* Bharata Muni award Best Actor of the year 2010 – ''Simha''<ref>{{cite web|title=Bharata Muni awards on August 14|date=6 June 2011|website=Idlebrain.com|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/bharatamuniawardsonaugust14.html|access-date=27 August 2012|archive-date=24 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824014846/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/bharatamuniawardsonaugust14.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Bharata Muni award Best Actor of the year 2011 – ''Sri Rama Rajyam''<ref>{{cite web|title=Bharatamuni Awards on 24th|date=8 June 2011|work=SuperGoodMovies.com|url=http://www.supergoodmovies.com/19338/tollywood/bharatamuni-awards-on-24th-news-details|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718070535/http://www.supergoodmovies.com/19338/tollywood/bharatamuni-awards-on-24th-news-details|archive-date=18 July 2013}}</ref>
* A.P. CINE Goers Association Best Actor Award – ''Narasimha Naidu''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/apcinegoers.html|title=Telugu Cinema Etc|website=Idlebrain.com|access-date=10 March 2011|archive-date=13 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713003238/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/apcinegoers.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Chennakeshava Reddy|Chennakesava Reddy]]''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/08/26/stories/2003082600220407.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101021105616/http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/08/26/stories/2003082600220407.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 October 2010|title=Cinema Awards|access-date=26 August 2003|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 August 2003}}</ref> and ''Pandurangadu''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/03/14/stories/2011031460090400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318062452/http://www.hindu.com/2011/03/14/stories/2011031460090400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 March 2011|title=Make films that appeal to intellectuals, society|access-date=14 March 2011|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=14 March 2011}}</ref>
* Akkineni Abhinaya Puraskaram for the year 2007<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/akruthi-balakrishna.html|title=Akkineni Abhinaya Puraskaram to Bala Krishna Nandamuri|website=Idlebrain.com|access-date=15 January 2007|archive-date=21 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070121192747/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/akruthi-balakrishna.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*South Indian Cinematographers Awards 2015 Best Actor –''[[Legend (2014 film)|Legend]]''

;Nominations
;;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
* Best Actor – Telugu – ''[[Muvva Gopaludu]]''{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}
* Best Actor – Telugu – ''[[Aditya 369]]''
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]] – ''[[Narasimha Naidu]]''{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}
* Best Actor – Telugu – ''[[Simha (film)|Simha]]''{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}
* Best Actor – Telugu – ''[[Sri Rama Rajyam]]''{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}
* Best Actor – Telugu – ''[[Gautamiputra Satakarni (film)|Gauthamiputra Satakarni]]''{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}
* Best Actor – Telugu – ''[[Bhagavanth Kesari]]''{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name}}
{{commons category|}}
{{Padma Bhushan Award Recipients 2020–2029}}{{Nandi Award for Best Actor}}
{{CineMAA Best Actor}}{{SIIMA Award for Best Actor – Telugu}}{{Santosham Best Actor Award}}{{SIIMA Critics Award for Best Actor – Telugu}}{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Balakrishna, Nandamuri}}
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Nandamuri–Nara family|Nandamuri Balakrishna]]
[[Category:Politicians from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Male actors from Chennai]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:CineMAA Awards winners]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]
[[Category:Indian male child actors]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Male actors from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chennai]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Indian television talk show hosts]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:Gaddar Telangana Film Awards winners]]

Saralpara

2026-03-25T20:20:09Z

Rakshasingh12: stub

{{Short description|Village in Assam, India}}
{{Orphan|date=January 2025}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Saralpara F.V
| native_name = Saralpara Village
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline =Pristine Saralbanga River.jpg
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Assam, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26|50|0|N|90|15|17|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kokrajhar district|Kokrajhar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Saralpara Municipal Board/VCDC
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.76
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 942
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 410
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Assamese language|Bodo]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] / [[Bhutan Standard Time|BST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = AS-26
| website = Saralpara.org
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-AS]]
| footnotes =
| official_name = Saralpara
}}

'''Saralpara F.V''' is a village located in Taluk of [[Kokrajhar district]] [[Assam]], India. The village is {{cvt|56|km}} from [[Kokrajhar]] town and near the border with [[Bhutan|The Kingdom of Bhutan]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Saralpara in Kokrajhar, Assam a popular picnic spot, INDIA|url=https://buoyantlifestyles.com/saralpara-in-kokrajhar-assam-a-popular-picnic-spot-india|access-date=21 April 2023|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Saralpara Picnic Spot in Kokrajhar, Assam – Location & details|url=https://www.swarnabdutta.com/saralpara-picnic-spot-kokrajhar-assam/|access-date=21 April 2023|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Saralpara F.V.Kokrajhar, Kokrajhar, Assam, India |url=https://geolysis.com/p/in/as/kokrajhar/kokrajhar/saralpara-f-v|access-date=21 April 2023|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SARALPARA F V|url=https://pincodearea.in/SARALPARA-F-V-Pincode-PO-Ultapani-BO |access-date=21 April 2023|df=}}</ref>

==Geography==
Saralpara is in the Kokrajhar district of Assam. The total geographical area of village is {{cvt|2.76|km2}} (1.07 sq mi). It shares a border with Bhutan, which is approximately 226 km away from Guwahati city via the NH-27.

==Population census==
According to 2011 census,<ref>{{cite web|title=Saralpara F.V. Village Population - Kokrajhar (Pt), Kokrajhar, Assam|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/assam/kokrajhar/kokrajhar-pt/saralpara-fv-population|access-date=21 April 2023|df=|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saralpara has a population of 942 people, of whom 644 are male and 298 female. The population of children aged 0 to 6 is 51, accounting for 5.41% of the total population.

Saralpara hamlet has a sex ratio of roughly 463, compared to the state average of 958. Saralpara has an 86.84% literacy rate, with 93.94% males and 71.48% females being literate. Saralpara has 0.96% [[Scheduled Caste]] and 51.06% [[Scheduled Tribe]] population.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Kokrajhar district]]

{{Bhutan-geo-stub}}

Apollo Tyres

2026-03-13T07:57:40Z

Rakshasingh12: slightly fixed formatting to improve readability additionally and fixed typos

{{short description|Indian tyre manufacturing company}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}

{{Infobox company
| name = Apollo Tyres Limited
| logo = Apollo Tyres Ltd.png
| logo_size = 250px
| logo_alt =
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{NSE|APOLLOTYRE}}|{{BSE|500877}}}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|INE438A01022}}
| industry = [[Tyres]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1972||}}<ref name="apollotyres.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.apollotyres.com/downloads/atl-corporate-presentation.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119193726/http://apollotyres.com/downloads/atl-corporate-presentation.pdf |archive-date=19 November 2010 }}</ref>
| location = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Gurgaon|Gurugram]], [[Haryana]], India (Corporate)|[[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], India (Registered) <ref name="in.com">{{cite web|url=http://business.in.com/article/boardroom/apollos-play-in-europe/21562/1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122213618/http://business.in.com/article/boardroom/apollos-play-in-europe/21562/1|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-01-22|title=Forbes India Magazine - Apollo's Play in Europe}}</ref>}}
| key_people = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Onkar Kanwar]] {{small|(Chairman)}}|[[Neeraj Kanwar]] {{small|(Vice Chairman & MD)}}}}
| revenue = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|26211|c}} <ref name=pnl>{{Cite web|title=Apollo Tyres Consolidated Profit & Loss account, Apollo Tyres Financial Statement & Accounts|url=https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachLive//12e4c619-3c64-4209-ac37-0e776cfe9f0f.pdf|access-date=2024-05-14|website=www.bseindia.com|language=en}}</ref>
| revenue_year = 2025
| operating_income = {{down}} {{INRConvert|1714|c}} <ref name=pnl/>
| income_year = 2025
| net_income = {{Decrease}} {{INRConvert|1121|c}} <ref name=pnl/>
| net_income_year = 2025
| assets = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|27306|c}} <ref name=bs>{{Cite web|title=Apollo Tyres FY25 Annual Report |url=https://corporate.apollotyres.com/content/dam/orbit/apollo-corporate/investors/financial-reporting/annual-report/2024-25/AGM%20Notice%20and%20Annual%20Report%20FY2025.pdf|access-date=2024-05-14|website=www.corporate.apollotyres.com|language=en}}</ref>
| assets_year = 2025
| equity = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|14765|c}} <ref name=bs/>
| equity_year = 2025
| num_employees = 17,517 (2025)
| homepage = {{URL|https://apollotyres.com/}}
}}
'''Apollo Tyres Limited''' is an Indian multinational tyre manufacturing company headquartered in [[Gurgaon|Gurugram]], [[Haryana]]. It was incorporated in 1972, and its first plant was commissioned in [[Perambra, Thrissur|Perambra]], [[Kerala]]. The company now has five manufacturing units in [[India]], one in the [[Netherlands]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/06/01/stories/2010060151830500.htm |title=Apollo tyres roll into Europe today |publisher=[[The Hindu Business Line]] |date=1 June 2010 |access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref> and one in [[Hungary]].<ref name="www.autocarpro.in">{{Cite news|url=http://www.autocarpro.in/news-national/apollo-tyres-expands-global-footprint-inaugurates-hungarian-plant-24279|title=Apollo Tyres expands global footprint, inaugurates Hungarian plant|work=www.autocarpro.in|access-date=8 May 2017}}</ref> As of 2024, the company generates 87% of its revenues from India, 11% from [[Europe]] and 2% from other countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apollotyres.com/uploads/annual-report-for-the-financial-year-2015-16/index.html|title=Annual Report for the Financial Year 2015-2016|publisher=Apollo Tyres|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927032835/http://www.apollotyres.com/uploads/annual-report-for-the-financial-year-2015-16/index.html|archive-date=27 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/index.aspx?EID=31818&dt=20160604|title=Widgets Magazine|website=epaperbeta.timesofindia.com|access-date=10 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605082210/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/index.aspx?eid=31818&dt=20160604|archive-date=5 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== History ==
Apollo Tyres Limited was incorporated on 28 September 1972 in India as a public limited company and obtained certificate of Commencement of Business on 24 October 1972.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/company/apollo-tyres-23/information/company-history|title=Apollo Tyres Ltd.|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2020-02-25}}</ref> The company was promoted by Bharat Steel Tubes, Ltd., Raunaq International Pvt. Ltd., Raunaq & Co. Pvt. Ltd., Raunaq Singh, Mathew T. Marattukalam and Jacob Thomas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/apollo-tyres-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-63.cms|title=Apollo Tyres History {{!}} Apollo Tyres Information - The Economic Times|website=economictimes.indiatimes.com|access-date=2020-02-25}}</ref> In 1975, the company made its Initial public offer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apollo Tyres History {{!}} Apollo Tyres Information |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/apollo-tyres-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-63.cms |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref> of equity shares and its first manufacturing facility was commissioned in [[Perambra, Thrissur|Perambra]] Plant, [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]], India in 1977,<ref name="apollotyres.com" /> followed by its 2nd plant at Limda, [[Gujarat, India]]<ref name="apollotyres.com" /> in 1991. The company acquired Premier Tyres Limited in 1995, which became its 3rd plant at [[Kochi]], [[Kerala, India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/apollo-tyres-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-63.cms|title=The Economic Times}}</ref> In 2008, it started a new plant at [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu, India]].<ref name="apollotyres.com"/> A year later in 2009, the company acquired the Netherlands-based tyre maker [[Vredestein Banden B.V.]] (VBBV) for an undisclosed sum<ref>[https://www.topnews.in/dutch-tyre-company-vredestein-banden-bv-acquired-apollo-tyres-2168276 Apollo Tyres Acquires Vredestein Banden BV]</ref>

The company focused on the production of truck tyres in India and introduced its first truck tyre, Rajdhani in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tyre-asia.com/2017/02/22/ambition-drive-based-values/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002185557/http://tyre-asia.com/2017/02/22/ambition-drive-based-values/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=2 October 2017|title=Ambition, drive based on values|date=2017-02-22|website=Tyre Asia|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-25}}</ref><ref name="in.com"/> The company expanded its operation across India and in 1996, expanded operations outside India by acquiring [[Dunlop Tyres|Dunlop]]'s Africa operations.<ref name="in.com1">{{cite web|url=http://business.in.com/article/boardroom/apollos-play-in-europe/21562/0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129160108/http://business.in.com/article/boardroom/apollos-play-in-europe/21562/0|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-01-29|title=Forbes India Magazine - Apollo's Play in Europe}}</ref> In 2013, it disposed of the Dunlop brand in Africa along with most of the South African operation in a sale to [[Sumitomo Rubber Industries]] of Japan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tirereview.com/Article/114083/sumitomo_acquires_assets_of_apollo_tyres_south_africa.aspx|title=Sumitomo Acquires Assets of Apollo Tyres South Africa|work=Tire Review Magazine}}</ref> The very same year, it started its Global R&D Centre, in [[Enschede]], the Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/apollo-tyres-opens-rd-centre-in-netherlands/article4307572.ece|title=Apollo Tyres opens R&D centre in Netherlands|date=14 January 2013|work=The Hindu Business Line|access-date=17 August 2017|language=en}}</ref>

In 2015, Apollo Tyres bought Germany's Reifencom tyre distributor for €45.6 million.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Apollo Tyres may miss 2020 revenue target| work=mint | date=16 November 2015 |url = http://www.livemint.com/Companies/fy2mtFKrVPdJ1i7lcpqQwO/Apollo-Tyres-acquires-Germanys-Reifencom-for-456-million.html|access-date = 14 December 2015 | last1=Mohile | first1=Shally Seth }}</ref> It shifted its corporate office for Europe region to Amsterdam from Enschede, the Netherlands<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tyrepress.com/2016/05/apollo-vredestein-management-now-based-in-amsterdam/|title=Apollo Vredestein management now based in Amsterdam|date=20 May 2016|work=Tyrepress|access-date=17 August 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> and opened a Global R&D Centre, Asia in [[Chennai]], India a few months later.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/tyres/apollo-tyres-opens-its-global-rd-centre-asia-in-chennai/55337917|title=Apollo Tyres opens its Global R&D Centre, Asia in Chennai|website=ETAuto.com|language=en|access-date=17 August 2017}}</ref>

In 2016, the company signed an MoU with the Government of Andhra Pradesh to set up a new factory in the state.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/apollo-tyres-plans-500cr-factory-in-andhra-pradesh/article9325043.ece|title=Apollo Tyres plans ₹500-cr factory in Andhra Pradesh|date=9 November 2016|work=The Hindu Business Line|access-date=17 August 2017|language=en}}</ref> On 9 January 2018, the [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]], [[N. Chandrababu Naidu|N Chandrababu Naidu]] laid the foundation stone for Apollo Tyres' ₹1,800-crore tyre factory in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. The plant will come up over a 200-[[acre]] site in Chinnapanduru village near [[Sri City]] in [[Tirupati district]] and produce passenger car radial (PCR) tyres with an initial capacity of 55 [[lakh]] (5.5 million) tyres per year and also truck bus radial (TBR) tyres and will serve both domestic and export markets.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mukherjee|first=Sharmistha|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/tyres/apollo-tyres-to-invest-rs-1800-crore-in-first-phase-in-andhra-pradesh/articleshow/62429224.cms|title=Apollo Tyres to invest Rs 1800 crore in first phase in Andhra Pradesh|date=2018-01-09|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2020-02-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/apollo-tyres-to-invest-1800-cr-in-andhra-pradesh-factory/article10022453.ece|title=Apollo Tyres to invest ₹1,800 cr in Andhra Pradesh factory|last=Balachandar|first=G.|website=@businessline|date=9 January 2018 |language=en|access-date=2020-02-25}}</ref>

The company's second plant in Europe, was inaugurated by the [[Prime Minister of Hungary|Hungarian Prime Minister]], [[Viktor Orbán|Viktor Orban]], in April 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/hungary-prime-minister-viktor-orban-opens-apollo-tyres-plant-near-budapest/620126/|title=Hungary Prime Minister Viktor Orban opens Apollo Tyres plant near Budapest|date=8 April 2017|work=The Financial Express|access-date=12 June 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.indianembassy.hu/?p=138983|title=H.E. PM Viktor Orbán inaugurates the Apollo Tyres plant in Gyöngyöshalász|date=7 April 2017|work=Indian Embassy Hungary|access-date=12 June 2017|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408030600/http://www.indianembassy.hu/?p=138983|archive-date=8 April 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/content/b2b-plastics-polymers/apollo-tyres-starts-production-from-hungarian-plant-117041000510_1.html|title=Apollo Tyres starts production from Hungarian plant|date=10 April 2017|work=Business Standard India|access-date=12 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/stocks/apollo-tyres-stock-hits-52-week-high-after-2-fold-rise-in-q3-profit-to-rs-444-crore-6446121.html| title=Apollo Tyres stock hits 52-week high after 2-fold rise in Q3 profit to Rs 444 crore| date=4 February 2021}}</ref>

== European operations ==

Apollo Tyres currently sells Apollo and Vredestein (or Maloya) branded tyres in Europe.<ref name="in.com1"/> The company currently operates two tyre factories in Europe; in the [[Netherlands]] and in [[Hungary]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=10 April 2017 |title=Apollo Tyres starts production from Hungarian plant |url=http://www.business-standard.com/content/b2b-plastics-polymers/apollo-tyres-starts-production-from-hungarian-plant-117041000510_1.html |access-date=8 May 2017 |work=Business Standard India}}</ref> The [[Enschede]] plant was acquired from Vredestein, the newly built facility southeasterly from [[Gyöngyöshalász]] was inaugurated for production on 7 April 2017.<ref name=":0" />

== Anti competition practices ==
In April 2022, the [[Competition Commission of India]] raided the headquarters of Apollo Tyres along with other tyre companies like [[CEAT Limited|CEAT]], [[MRF (company)|MRF]] (Madras Rubber Factory) and [[Continental AG|Continental Tyre]] at multiple locations. Earlier in February the antitrust watch dog had released a statement about fining these tyre companies a total of {{INR}}1,788 crores (of which Apollo Tyres fined {{INR}}425.53 cr.) for sharing price sensitive information among themselves to manage their cartelization of tyre prices for supplies to the public transport corporation of Haryana state. Earlier the All India Tyre Dealers Federation had complained to the [[Ministry of Corporate Affairs]] about this cartelization of these companies to increase the tyre prices. The ministry had then referred the case to the CCI.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-03 |title=CCI Conducts Raids On Tyre Companies |url=https://www.cartoq.com/cci-conducts-raids-on-tyre-companies/ |access-date=2022-04-04 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Sponsorship ==
On 16 September 2025, Apollo Tyres was announced as the [[Sponsor (commercial)|sponsor]] of the [[India national cricket team|Indian national cricket team]] in a three-year agreement, covering 121 bilateral matches and 21 [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] fixtures, valued at {{INRconvert|579|c}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=Apollo Tyres replaces Dream 11 as India team sponsor |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/apollo-tyres-replaces-dream-11-as-india-team-sponsor-1503120 |access-date=16 September 2025 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{official website|http://www.apollotyres.com }}
* [http://www.dunloptyres.co.za Dunlop Tyres South Africa website]
* [http://www.vredestein.com/ Apollo Tyres Acquires Vredestein Banden BV]

{{Nifty 200 companies}}

[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Gurgaon]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1972]]
[[Category:Tyre manufacturers of India]]
[[Category:Automotive companies of India]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]

[[Category:Indian companies established in 1972]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in India]]

Manjeet Maan

2026-03-10T05:03:36Z

Rakshasingh12: typo fix

{{short description|Indian film producer and director}}
{{About|the Indian film producer and director|actress and author|Manjeet Mann}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Manjeet Maan
|image = {{CSS image crop
|Image = Ms Juhi Chawla (Actress), Ms Divya Datta (actress), and Ms Manjit Man (Producer) at the presentation of the film Waris Shah – Ishq Da Waris during the 37th International Film Festival (IFFI-2006) in Panaji, Goa.jpg
|bSize = 750
|cWidth = 230
|cHeight = 230
|oTop = 65
|oLeft = 485
|Location=center
}}
| caption = Manjeet Maan (right), [[International Film Festival of India|IFFI]] ([[37th International Film Festival of India|2006]])
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| other_names =
| known_for =
| spouse = [[Gurdas Maan]]
| occupation = Actress, film producer, director
}}

'''Manjeet Maan''' (also spelled as '''Manjit Maan''') is an Indian film producer and director who works in [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi]] language films.<ref name="si">{{cite web |url=http://www.screenindia.com/news/manjeet-maan-turns-director/577679/ |title=Manjeet Maan turns director |date=12 February 2010 |publisher=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |access-date=4 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723144945/http://www.screenindia.com/news/manjeet-maan-turns-director/577679 |archive-date=23 July 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="toi">{{cite news |title=Gurdas Mann's wife appreciated |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-16/news-interviews/30631667_1_gurdas-mann-personal-journey-gurdas-maan |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103200553/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-16/news-interviews/30631667_1_gurdas-mann-personal-journey-gurdas-maan |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 January 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=16 January 2012 |accessdate=4 June 2012}}</ref> She is married to the noted singer-songwriter and actor [[Gurdas Maan]], and is the owner of [[Sai Productions]], a film production company based in [[Mumbai]].<ref name="ie">{{cite news |last=Kapoor |first=Jaskiran |date=10 May 2012 |title=Loins of Punjab |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/lions-of-punjab/947422/0 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |accessdate=4 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="nc">{{cite web |url=http://nucreations.com/MaanLive/Sai/sai.html |title=Sai |publisher=NuCreations.com |accessdate=4 June 2012 |archive-date=24 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424011817/http://www.nucreations.com/MaanLive/Sai/sai.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She also acted in the film ''[[Gabhroo Punjab Da]]'', opposite Maan. She made her directorial debut with ''[[Sukhmani: Hope for Life]]'' in 2010.<ref name=si/><ref name=toi/><ref name="dna">{{cite news |title=Gurdas Maan's wife makes debut as director |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_gurdas-maan-s-wife-makes-debut-as-director_1340725 |newspaper=DNA India |date=29 January 2010 |accessdate=4 June 2012 |archive-date=14 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314172630/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_gurdas-maan-s-wife-makes-debut-as-director_1340725 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Film
! scope="col" |Role
! scope="col" |Co-stars
! scope="col" |Notes
|-
|1983
|[[Long Da Lishkara|Laung Da Lishkara]]
|Taaro
|
|
|-
|1986
|''[[Gabhroo Punjab Da]]''
|Reshma
|
|
|-
|1986
|''[[Kee Banu Duniya Da]]''
|Pali
|
|
|}

{{commons category}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maan, Manjeet}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian women film directors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Punjabi film producers]]
[[Category:Best Costume Design National Film Award winners]]

{{India-film-director-stub}}

Tughlaq Tamar Khan

2026-03-06T17:41:21Z

Rakshasingh12: started

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Short description|Delhi Sultanate's governor of Bengal from 1246 to 1247}}
[[File:Islamic Sultanates. Bengal. Anonymous issue. Unnamed (Lakhnauti) mint. Struck under Tamar Khan Qiran, governor, AH 641-644 (AD 1243-1246).jpg|thumb|300px|Anonymous issue from an unnamed (Lakhnauti) mint, struck under Tamar Khan Qiran, governor, AH 641-644 (AD 1243-1246)]]
'''Tughlaq Tamar Khan''' ({{langx|bn|তুগলক তমর খান}}) was the governor of [[Oudh]] and [[Bengal]] during the reign of Sultan [[Ala ud din Masud|Aluddin Masud Shah]].

==History==
The Province of Bengal, under the governorship of [[Tughral Tughan Khan]], was invaded by Odia armies in the year 1241. After the Province was overrun, the Sultanate Governor of [[Oudh]], Tughral Tamar Khan, was appointed to lead a relief army to [[Bengal]] to aid [[Tughral Tughan Khan|Tughan Khan]] however at Darbhanga on the border of Bengal and Bihar, the Tamar Khan attempted to depose [[Tughral Tughan Khan|Tughan Khan]] himself.<ref>[http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaBengal.htm KingListsFarEast]</ref>

Though unable to slay his rival, Tamar Khan was able to drive him from the Province and gain control of both the Sultanate armies of Bengal and Oudh by bribing the remaining generals. In 1246, Tamar Khan finally entered Bengal where, aided by a revolt of local Zamindars, he was able to take control of the old capital of Devkot. However his attempts to rebuild the Navy were defeated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282386|title=The Tabaqat I Nasiri of Aboo Omar Minhaj al Din Othman}}</ref>

At the Siege of Lakhnauti, formerly sacked by the Odia armies in 1242, Tamar Khan's forces was repelled. In 1247 Tamar Khan died of a fever upon which North Bengal was reconquered by the Odia general, Paramardi Dev. Tamar Khan's death would lead to the appointment of lkhtiyar-ud-Din Yuzbak as Governor of Bengal, which would lead to the rebellion of Tughan Khan in 1272 CE.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|
before=[[Tughral Tughan Khan]]|
title=[[List of rulers of Bengal|Mamluk Delhi Sultanate Governor of Bengal]]|
years=1246-1247|
after=[[Jalaluddin Masud Jani]]}}
{{S-end}}

==See also==
*[[List of rulers of Bengal]]
*[[History of Bengal]]
*[[History of Bangladesh]]
*[[History of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Tughlaq Tamar}}
[[Category:Governors of Bengal]]
[[Category:History of Awadh]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:1247 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]

{{bangladesh-stub}}

Tashi and Nungshi Malik

2026-03-06T16:17:48Z

Rakshasingh12: done

{{short description|Indian mountain climbers (born 1991)}}
{{COI|date=December 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Malik twins
| image = Endurance training for Mt Carstensz Pyramid.JPG
| alt =
| caption = Tashi and Nungshi Malik doing endurance trek at the foothills of [[Himalayas]]
| birth_name = Tashi Malik and Nungshi Malik
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|21 June 1991}}
| birth_place = Anwali village, [[Sonipat district ]], [[Haryana]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Mountaineers/Explorers
| known_for = First female twins and siblings to climb [[Mount Everest]], [[Seven Summits]] and completed the [[Explorer's Grand Slam]].
| website = {{URL|https://twinclimbers.com}}
}}

'''Tashi and Nungshi Malik''' (born 21 June 1991)<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Up-Mt-Vinson-twin-girls-will-celebrate-as-if-boy-were-born/articleshow/45300921.cms|title=Up Mt Vinson, twin girls will celebrate as if boy were born - Times of India|work=indiatimes.com|date=27 November 2014 |access-date=9 July 2015|archive-date=1 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201100500/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Up-Mt-Vinson-twin-girls-will-celebrate-as-if-boy-were-born/articleshow/45300921.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> are the first siblings and twins to climb the [[Seven Summits]] and reach the North and South Poles and complete the [[Adventurers Grand Slam]] and [[Three Poles Challenge]].

== Personal life ==

The Malik twins (Tashi and Nungshi) originally hail from [[Haryana]] state, India.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/south-asia/indian-sisters-become-first-twins-to-climb-everest/article4733688.ece | title=Indian sisters become first twins to climb Everest | work=[[The Hindu]] | date=21 May 2013 | access-date=24 May 2013 | archive-date=8 June 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608011218/http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/south-asia/indian-sisters-become-first-twins-to-climb-everest/article4733688.ece | url-status=live }}</ref> They were born to an Indian Army officer, Col. Virendra Singh Malik from village Anwali [[Sonipat district]] of [[Haryana]], and his wife Anjoo Thapa. They settled in Dehradun after Col Malik's retirement from the Indian army.<ref name=fpj>{{cite news | url=http://freepressjournal.in/first-twins-ever-to-climb-everest/ | title=FIRST TWINS EVER TO CLIMB EVEREST | work=Free Press Journal | date=21 May 2013 | access-date=24 May 2013 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610012052/http://freepressjournal.in/first-twins-ever-to-climb-everest/ | archive-date=10 June 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The girls attended several schools in the states of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Kerala]] and [[Manipur]], including [[Lawrence School, Lovedale]], near [[Ootacamund]]. In 2013 they completed graduation in Journalism and Mass communication from [[Sikkim Manipal University]]. They have a Certificate in Peace and Conflict Resolution from School of International Training in [[Vermont]], United States. In 2015 the twin sisters graduated in Sport and Exercise from [[Southern Institute of Technology]], Invercargill, New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allindoon.com/newsarticle/shownewsarticle/news/doon-bite-/4762-tashi-nungshi-malik-mt-everest | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623011648/http://www.allindoon.com/newsarticle/shownewsarticle/news/doon-bite-/4762-tashi-nungshi-malik-mt-everest | url-status=dead | archive-date=23 June 2013 | title=TWINS ON MT EVEREST - TASHI & NUNGSHI MALIK FIRST TWINS TO SCALE EVEREST | access-date=7 June 2013 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://dehradunweekly.blogspot.in/2013/03/dehradun-girls-tashi-and-nungshi-twin.html | title=Dehradun girls, Tashi and Nungshi 'Twin Sisters', to scale Mount Everest | date=7 March 2013 | access-date=7 June 2013 | archive-date=27 August 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827111832/http://dehradunweekly.blogspot.in/2013/03/dehradun-girls-tashi-and-nungshi-twin.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

On 13 April 2023, Nungshi Malik married Avinash Jacob Varghese in her home town [[Dehradun, Uttarakhand]], India. Shortly after they moved to [[Invercargill, New Zealand]] where they currently reside.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

==Mountaineering==
The Malik sisters trained at the [[Nehru Institute of Mountaineering]] in 2010.<ref name=fpj/> On Sunday, 19 May 2013, they scaled [[Mount Everest]], becoming the first twin sisters to do so.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/indian-sisters-first-twins-to-climb-mount-everest/392901-3.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621092824/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/indian-sisters-first-twins-to-climb-mount-everest/392901-3.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=21 June 2013 | title=Indian sisters first twins to climb Mount Everest | work=[[CNN-IBN]] | date=21 May 2013 | access-date=24 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2013/05/22/indian-woman-is-first-female-amputee-to-climb-everest/ | title=Indian Is First Female Amputee up Everest | work=WSJ | date=22 May 2013 | access-date=24 May 2013 | archive-date=19 June 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619001936/http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2013/05/22/indian-woman-is-first-female-amputee-to-climb-everest/? | url-status=live }}</ref> They were joined at the summit by [[Samina Baig]] and they placed the flags of India and Pakistan together to symbolise peace.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/551757/for-the-record-woman-climber-makes-pakistan-proud/ | title=For the record: Woman climber makes Pakistan proud | work=The Express Tribune | date=20 May 2013 | access-date=24 May 2013 | archive-date=9 December 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209091257/http://tribune.com.pk/story/551757/for-the-record-woman-climber-makes-pakistan-proud/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=Everest+summiteers+set+slew+of+records+on+sunny+Sunday&NewsID=377096 | title=Everest summiteers set slew of records on sunny Sunday | work=The Himalayan Times | date=19 May 2013 | access-date=24 May 2013 | archive-date=23 September 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140923175645/http://www.thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=Everest+summiteers+set+slew+of+records+on+sunny+Sunday&NewsID=377096 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/samina-baig-became-the-first-pakistani-woman-to-scale-mount-everest-1369024237-1 | title=Samina Baig Became the First Pakistani Woman to Scale Mount Everest | work=Dainik Jagran | date=20 May 2013 | access-date=24 May 2013 | archive-date=9 June 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609015701/http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/samina-baig-became-the-first-pakistani-woman-to-scale-mount-everest-1369024237-1 | url-status=live }}</ref>

The twins participated in 'Climbathon 2013' where they scaled a virgin peak at 21000 ft funded by Indian Mountaineering Foundation in August 2013. They are also the first female twins to complete [[Seven Summits]], complete the [[Explorers Grand Slam]] and the youngest people to complete the Three Pole Challenge.<ref name="Records2015">{{cite book|author=Guinness World Records|title=Guinness World Records 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f896CgAAQBAJ&q=guinness+world+records+2016+tashi+nungshi+seven+summits&pg=PA195|date=10 September 2015|publisher=Guinness World Records|isbn=978-1-910561-03-4|page=195}}</ref> On 16 December 2014, after climbing Mount Vinson in Antarctica, they became world's first twins and siblings to scale the 'Seven Summits' together.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jaisinghani |first=Bella |title=Haryanvi twins hit record by conquering Seven Summits |publisher=[[Times of India]] |date=18 December 2014 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Haryanvi-twins-hit-record-by-conquering-Seven-Summits/articleshow/45555686.cms |access-date=23 April 2015 |archive-date=10 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110123301/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Haryanvi-twins-hit-record-by-conquering-Seven-Summits/articleshow/45555686.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Gusain |first=Raju |title=Dehradun twin sisters Tashi, Nungshi Malik first siblings to scale seven tallest peaks in 7 continents |publisher=[[India Today]] |date=18 December 2014 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/dehradun-twin-sisters-tashi-nungshi-malik-first-siblings-to-scale-seven-tallest-peaks-in-7-continents-231715-2014-12-18 |access-date=23 April 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103163439/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/dehradun-twin-sisters-tashi-nungshi-malik-first-siblings-to-scale-seven-tallest-peaks-in-7-continents/1/407494.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:At Mt McKinley Summit.JPG|thumb|At summit of [[Mount McKinley]], [[Alaska]]]]

After scaling Mount Everest on 19 May 2013 they completed the Explorers Grand Slam on 15 July 2015 in just over two years.<ref>{{cite news |first=Bella |last=Jaisinghani |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mountaineer-twins-first-to-conquer-both-Poles-on-skis/articleshow/47021397.cms |title=Mountaineer twins first to conquer both Poles on skis |publisher=[[Times of India]] |date=23 April 2015 |access-date=26 April 2015 |archive-date=25 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425061004/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mountaineer-twins-first-to-conquer-both-Poles-on-skis/articleshow/47021397.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> They are the first Indian and South Asians to complete the Explorers Grand Slam.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indian-twins-complete-adventures-grand-slam-conquering-7-summits-2-poles/article1-1340333.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423145520/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indian-twins-complete-adventures-grand-slam-conquering-7-summits-2-poles/article1-1340333.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 April 2015 |title=Adventures Grand Slam: Indian twins conquer 7 summits, 2 poles |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=23 April 2013 |access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref>
In Dec 2015, the twins scaled Aoraki (Mt Cook) New Zealand's tallest peak becoming first female twins to do so.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/national/twins-peak-mt-cook-first|title=Twins peak: a Mt Cook first|first=Tracey|last=Roxburgh|date=7 December 2016|website=[[Otago Daily Times]] |access-date=14 December 2021|archive-date=14 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214014242/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/national/twins-peak-mt-cook-first|url-status=live}}</ref>
In September 2019, Nungshi and Tashi led Indian 'Khukuri Warriors' in the ''[[World's Toughest Race: Eco-Challenge Fiji]]'' that pitched 66 teams of adventure athletes from 30 nations against forces of nature and against each other traversing 671 km of rugged Fijian landscape, ocean, rivers, lakes and jungles using dozen adventure activities. They became the first and only South Asians to participate in this global adventure race.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bear Grylls set to bring ''World's Toughest Race'' to OTT world|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/bear-grylls-set-to-bring-worlds-toughest-race-to-ott-world/1877333|access-date=2020-09-25|website=www.outlookindia.com/|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727065609/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/bear-grylls-set-to-bring-worlds-toughest-race-to-ott-world/1877333|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-01|title=Amazon Sets More Than 60 Teams to Compete on 'Eco-Challenge' Reboot From Mark Burnett, Bear Grylls|url=https://www.thewrap.com/eco-challenge-reboot-teams-amazon-mark-burnett-bear-grylls-worlds-toughest-race-fiji/|access-date=2020-09-25|website=TheWrap|language=en-US|archive-date=30 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930015318/https://www.thewrap.com/eco-challenge-reboot-teams-amazon-mark-burnett-bear-grylls-worlds-toughest-race-fiji/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, the sisters were awarded the prestigious Edmund Hillary Fellowship by New Zealand Government.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://stories.ehf.org/ehf-fellows-nungshi-and-tashi-malik-8c9f750c6f47 |title=EHF Fellows: Nungshi and Tashi Malik |date=11 April 2019 }}</ref>

==Seven Summits climbing details ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.<ref name="armadillomerino">{{Cite web|url=https://armadillomerino.com/blogs/champions/005-tashi-and-nungshi-malik-passionate-mountaineers-and-guinness-world-record-holders|title=Tashi and Nungshi Malik -seven-summits climbing details|website=www.armadillomerino.com|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=2 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102130216/https://armadillomerino.com/blogs/champions/005-tashi-and-nungshi-malik-passionate-mountaineers-and-guinness-world-record-holders|url-status=live}}</ref>
!Image
!peak
!Elevation
!Mountain Range
!Continent
!Date of Summit
|-
| 1
| [[File:Everest kalapatthar crop.jpg|100px]]
| [[Mount Everest]]
| {{Convert|8848|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| [[Himalaya]]
| Asia
| 19 May 2013
|-
| 2
| [[File:Aconcagua 13.JPG|100px]]
| [[Aconcagua]]
| {{Convert|6961|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| [[Andes]]
| [[South America]]
| 29 January 2014
|-
| 3
| [[File:Mount McKinley.jpg|100px]]
| [[Denali]]
| {{Convert|6194|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| [[Alaska Range]]
| North America
| 4 June 2014
|-
| 4
| [[File:Mt. Kilimanjaro 12.2006.jpg|100px]]
| [[Kilimanjaro]]
| {{Convert|5895|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| [[Eastern Rift mountains]]
| Africa
| 15 July 2015
|-
| 5
| [[File:Эльбрус с перевала Гумбаши.JPG|100px]]
| [[Mount Elbrus]]
| {{Convert|5642|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| [[Caucasus Mountains]]
| Europe
| 22 August 2013
|-
| 6
| [[File:Mount Vinson from NW at Vinson Plateau by Christian Stangl (flickr).jpg|100px]]
| [[Vinson Massif|Mount Vinson]]
| {{Convert|4892|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| [[Sentinel Range]]
| [[Antarctica]]
| 14 December 2014
|-
| 7
| [[File:Puncakjaya.jpg|100px]]
| [[Puncak Jaya]]
| {{Convert|4884|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| [[Sudirman Range]]
| [[Australia (continent)|Australia]]
| 19 March 2014
|}

==North pole and South pole ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No
!Image
!Pole
!Year
|-
|1
| [[File:Arctic Ocean - en.png|100px]]
|[[North Pole]]
|21 April 2015<ref>{{cite web |last=Kamal |first=Sara |title=Nungshi And Tashi Malik: Making Us Proud At The North Pole |work=Newsmakers |publisher=Women's Web |date=23 April 2015 |url=https://www.womensweb.in/2015/04/nungshi-and-tashi-malik-interview/ |access-date=16 December 2021 |archive-date=16 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216170848/https://www.womensweb.in/2015/04/nungshi-and-tashi-malik-interview/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2
| [[File:Pole-south.gif|100px]]
|[[South Pole]]
|28 December 2014<ref name="armadillomerino"/>
|}

==Honours and awards==
[[file:President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind presenting the Nari Shakti Puruskar for the year 2019 to Ms. Tashi Malik.jpg|thumb|President Shri [[Ram Nath Kovind]] presenting the 2019 [[Nari Shakti Puruskar]] to Tashi Malik on 8 March 2020]]
* Awarded first New Zealand-India Sports Scholarship to study Graduation in Sport & Exercise at SIT, Invercargill, NZ<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sit.ac.nz/Home/About-Us/News/Articles/ID/189/SIT-represented-at-Kiwi-Indian-Hall-of-Fame-ceremony|title=SIT represented at Kiwi Indian Hall of Fame ceremony > Southern Institute of Technology, NZ|website=www.sit.ac.nz|access-date=28 November 2017|archive-date=31 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131084232/https://www.sit.ac.nz/Home/About-Us/News/Articles/ID/189/SIT-represented-at-Kiwi-Indian-Hall-of-Fame-ceremony|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Attended US Dept of State's 'Global Sports Mentoring Program' for emerging women leaders in sports in Sep-Oct 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://globalsportsmentoring.org/blog/sisters-nungshi-and-tashi-malik-are-inspiring-indian-girls-and-women-to-try-mountaineering/|title=Sisters Nungshi and Tashi Malik inspire Indian women to try mountaineering – Global Sports Mentoring|access-date=28 November 2017|archive-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907170821/https://globalsportsmentoring.org/blog/sisters-nungshi-and-tashi-malik-are-inspiring-indian-girls-and-women-to-try-mountaineering/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.com/espnw/culture/feature/article/17588419/sisters-nungshi-tashi-malik-inspiring-indian-girls-women-try-mountaineering|title=Sisters Nungshi and Tashi Malik are inspiring Indian girls and women to try mountaineering|date=19 September 2016|access-date=28 November 2017|archive-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907212756/http://www.espn.com/espnw/culture/feature/article/17588419/sisters-nungshi-tashi-malik-inspiring-indian-girls-women-try-mountaineering|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Conferred India's highest adventure honour '[[Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award]]' 2015 by the President of India on 29 August 2016<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Tashi-Nungshi-to-get-National-Adventure-Sports-Award/articleshow/53878587.cms|title=Tashi-Nungshi to get National Adventure Sports Award - Times of India|work=indiatimes.com|date=26 August 2016 |access-date=6 September 2016|archive-date=27 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827224813/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Tashi-Nungshi-to-get-National-Adventure-Sports-Award/articleshow/53878587.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sport/mountaineer-harbhajan-gets-tenzing-norgay-award/287647.html | title=Mountaineer Harbhajan gets Tenzing Norgay award | access-date=6 September 2016 | archive-date=2 September 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902171220/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sport/mountaineer-harbhajan-gets-tenzing-norgay-award/287647.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
* In 2016 they were awarded the [[Leif Erikson Awards|Leif Erikson Young Explorers Award]] in Iceland by president [[Guðni Th. Jóhannesson]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/everest-twins-bag-leif-erikson-explorer-award-in-iceland/story-uXS56KCiLjaezsrtrrZv8K.html|title='Everest twins' bag Leif Erikson Explorer Award in Iceland|date=29 October 2016|access-date=5 June 2019|archive-date=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213081825/http://www.hindustantimes.com/dehradun/everest-twins-bag-leif-erikson-explorer-award-in-iceland/story-uXS56KCiLjaezsrtrrZv8K.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*They were awarded the [[Nari Shakti Puraskar]] in 2020.

==See also==
*[[Indian summiters of Mount Everest - Year wise]]
*[[List of Mount Everest summiters by number of times to the summit]]
*[[List of Mount Everest records of India]]
*[[List of Mount Everest records]]
*[https://gyankibaatein.in/what-is-the-height-of-mount-everest/ Height of Mount Everest]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=rBd4BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT152 ''Guinness World Records 2015'', page 152]

{{s-start}}
{{s-ach|aw}}
{{succession box|title=[[Leif Erikson Awards|Leif Erikson Young Explorer]]|before=[[Jessica Watson]]|after=[[Alex Bellini]]|years=2016}}
{{s-end}}

{{Indian mountaineers}}
{{Nari Shakti Puraskar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malik, Tashi and Nungshi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female mountain climbers]]
[[Category:Indian summiteers of Mount Everest]]
[[Category:Indian twins]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Dehradun]]
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Mountain climbers from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Summiteers of the Seven Summits]]
[[Category:Nari Shakti Puraskar winners]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award]]
[[Category:Participants in American reality television series]]
[[Category:Sikkim Manipal University alumni]]

Naalo Unna Prema

2026-03-03T18:09:03Z

Rakshasingh12: brief fixed section after review and added references for accuracy

{{short description|2001 film by V. R. Pratap}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Naalo Unna Prema
| image = Naalo Unna Prema.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| writer = Diwakar Babu {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = Seetaram Karanth
| screenplay = V.R Pratap
| producer = K.L.N. Raju
| director = V.R Pratap
| starring = [[Jagapati Babu]] [[Laya (actress)|Laya]] [[Gajala]]
| music = [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| cinematography = Ajay Vincent
| editing = Nandamuri Hari
| studio = Sri Sairam Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2001|9|1}}
| runtime = 139 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
}}

'''''Naalo Unna Prema''''' ({{translation|The Love Inside Me}}) is a 2001 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic drama film]], produced by K.L.N. Raju on Sri Sairam Productions banner and directed by V. R. Pratap. The film stars [[Jagapati Babu]], [[Laya (actress)|Laya]], [[Gajala]] and music was composed by [[Koti (composer)|Koti]].<ref name="idlebrain">{{Cite web |last=Jeevi |title=Movie review - Naalo Vunna Prema |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-naalo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150314033046/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-naalo.html |archive-date=14 March 2015 |access-date=9 February 2015 |website=[[Idlebrain.com|Idlebrain]]}}</ref> This film is the debut of Gajala in Telugu and she is credited as Raaji by her character name in the film later her screen name was changed to Gajala from the film ''[[Student No.1]]'' by [[K. Raghavendra Rao]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/movies/news/comingsoona.html|title=NTR as Student No1|website=Telugu Cinema|access-date=2 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011109223222/http://www.telugucinema.com/movies/news/comingsoona.html|archive-date=9 November 2001}}</ref> The film was a remake of [[Kannada]] film ''[[Chandramukhi Pranasakhi]]'' (1999).<ref name="fullhyderabad">{{Cite web |title=Naalo Unna Prema Review |url=http://movies.fullhyderabad.com/naalo-unna-prema/telugu/naalo-unna-prema-movie-reviews-639-2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219172624/http://movies.fullhyderabad.com/naalo-unna-prema/telugu/naalo-unna-prema-movie-reviews-639-2.html |archive-date=19 December 2014 |access-date=28 January 2015 |website=fullhyd.com}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film begins in Hyderabad, where a businessman, Sai Krishna, is a fan of famous singer Hema from Vizag. Once, he visits his friend's wedding and encounters an impish girl, Raaji, who has known no bounds for her devilishness. She pokes fun at Sai Krishna, and he smartly pays back. So, ired Raaji seeks vengeance. Meanwhile, Hema's musical night is conducted on the eve of the nuptial when Sai Krishna is on cloud nine and falls for her. Moreover, he learns that Hema and Raaji are siblings. Soon after the return, Sai Krishna writes a letter to Hema. Fortuitously, Raaji picks it up, and she starts her horseplay. Now, she poses as Hema by writing letters and having telephone conversations. After some time, Raaji officially traveled to Hyderabad. Therein, Sai Krishna cares for her meticulously in favor of Hema. Perceiving it, Raaji inadvertently starts loving him.

After homecoming, Raaji attempts to reveal reality, but she hesitates. Simultaneously, Sai Krishna's dearness to Hema escalates. He bestows a locket containing his and Hema's photos, which Raaji starts wearing and feels for herself. Concurrently, Sai Krishna organizes Hema's program in his town. At the concert, Hema aspires to wear the locket undisclosed, and Raaji is unwilling to hand it over. But Raaji is distraught at what would happen when Sai Krishna and Hema come across each other. Hence, she divulges the fact to Sai Krishna through a letter. However, before it arrives, he moves on. Immediately after the concert, Sai Krishna tries to speak to Hema. Anyhow, she opines him as a mischief-maker and mortifies him. Thus, enraged Sai Krishna slaps Hema and shows the locket as evidence of their love.

At the sight of it, Hema turbulently reaches home and assaults Raaji. Besides, Sai Krishna is inflamed and distressed. During that predicament, the elders thought it was worth speaking with each other, so they knit Sai Krishna & Hema. Sai Krishna accepts it, provided Raaji should apologize to him. So, he proceeds to their house, where he converses with Hema and Raaji. Herein, Sai Krishna proclaims he does not have the heart to espouse Hema because Raaji reciprocates his feelings. Plus, he knows Raaji's true love with her last forgiveness letter. At last, Sai Krishna heartfully proposes to Raaji, and she blissfully agrees. The movie ends on a happy note with the marriage of Sai Krishna & Raaji.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Jagapati Babu]] as Sai Krishna
* [[Laya (actress)|Laya]] as Hema
* [[Gajala]] as Raji
* [[Ranganath (actor)|Ranganath]] as Sai's father
* [[Giri Babu]] as Hema's father
* [[M. S. Narayana]] as Tabelu Vamana Rao
* [[L. B. Sriram]] as Bose
* [[Annapoorna (actress)|Annapurna]] as Sai's mother
* [[Kovai Sarala]] as Sarala
* Indu Anand
* [[Ram Jagan]]
* [[Ananth Babu|Ananth]]
* [[Visweswara Rao]]
}}

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[Koti (composer)|Koti]].<ref name="Songs">{{Cite web |title=Naalo Vunna Prema |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/naalo-vunna-prema/HMiwwRNP-8A_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416004517/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/naalo-vunna-prema/HMiwwRNP-8A_ |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=19 September 2022 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref> The song "Manasa O Manasa" is based on "Manase O Manase" from Kannada film ''[[Chandramukhi Pranasakhi]]''.
{{Track listing
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 32:07
| title1 = Veeche Chirugaali
| lyrics1 = [[Sirivennela Sitaramasastri|Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. B. Charan|SP Charan]]
| length1 = 4:48
| title2 = O Naa Priyathama
| lyrics2 = Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry
| extra2 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra|Chitra]]
| length2 = 4:35
| title3 = Enno Enno
| lyrics3 = Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry
| extra3 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
| length3 = 4:16
| title4 = Edalo Okate Korika
| lyrics4 = Potula Ravikiran
| extra4 = Tippu, [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
| length4 = 4:19
| title5 = Gopala Krishnudamma
| lyrics5 = Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry
| extra5 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Chitra
| length5 = 4:46
| title6 = Manasa O Manasa
| lyrics6 = Sriharsha
| extra6 = Chitra
| length6 = 5:05
| title7 = Veeche Chirugaali
| note7 = female
| lyrics7 = Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry
| extra7 = Chitra
| length7 = 4:48
}}
==Reception==
''Idlebrain'' wrote "First half of the film is OK. Second half of the film is predictable. This film is a run-of-the-mill stuff offering no variety".<ref name="idlebrain" /> ''Full Hyderabad'' wrote "The plot, like you'd have made out, will not give Wodehouse any complex, and the performances are average. Raji has the meatiest role, and is the poorest performer. Her dialogues on the seaside that were intended to take the film to a plane of profundity make your stomach churn. But for her pretty looks, there is nothing you can say for her. Laya is just a glorified extra. And Jagapathi Babu is his usual self - you should be very clear about what you should expect from him".<ref name="fullhyderabad" /> ''Andhra Today'' wrote "The story, though lacks in novelty, has many scenes conceived quite differently. This variety in conception has not been exploited to his advantage by the director due to his own shortcomings. The movie's pace is too slow to hold the audience's interest. Even the scenes with potential have not been dealt with suitably by the director".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andhratoday.com/movie/nalovunna.htm|title=NA LO UNNA PREMA|website=Andhra Today|access-date=27 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020615145124/http://www.andhratoday.com/movie/nalovunna.htm|archive-date=15 June 2002}}</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|3394956}}

[[Category:2001 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2001 films]]
[[Category:2001 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Koti (composer)]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Kannada films]]

Paathasala

2026-03-03T17:51:34Z

Rakshasingh12: New Article

{{about||the 2010 Bollywood film|Paathshaala|the Bangladesh Media Academy|Pathshala}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Paathasala
| image = PaatshalaTelugu.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[Mahi V. Raghav]]
| producer = Rakesh Mahankali Pavan Kumar Reddy
| writer = Mahi V. Raghav
| starring = [[Nandu (actor)|Nandu]] [[Sai Ronak]] Sirisha Vanka [[Anupriya Goenka]] Hammood
| music = [[Rahul Raj]]
| cinematography = Sudheer Surendran
| editing = Shravan Katikaneni
| studio = [[Moonwater Pictures]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|10|10}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| budget = ₹2.9 crore<ref name="I">{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/mahivraghav.html|title=Interview with Mahi V Raghav|date=9 October 2014|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref>
| gross =
}}

'''''Paathasala''''' ({{translation|School}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language film written and directed by [[Mahi V Raghav]].<ref>{{cite web|title=First look of Paathasala|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/firstlook-paathshala.html|work=Idlebrain.com|accessdate=1 November 2012|archive-date=3 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103204649/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/firstlook-paathshala.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The music for the film was composed by [[Rahul Raj]]. It also won the state Gaddar Award for Second Best Feature Film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/gaddar-telangana-film-awards-adivi-sesh-thanks-telangana-government-for-honouring-major-expresses-gratitude-to-mahesh-babu-article-151755732|title=Gaddar Telangana Film Awards: Adivi Sesh Thanks Telangana Government For Honouring Major, Expresses Gratitude To Mahesh Babu|date=May 30, 2025|website=Times Now}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Five friends: Raju, Adi, Sandhya, Surya, and Salma, who have just completed their engineering are at crossroads about their career choices. Also, they realize that the moment has come to leave each other and move into the big, bad world. So, they decide to take one final road trip to each other’s house.

They hire a swanky van, and start their fun filled journey to these villages. On their route, they discover a lot of things they did not know about each other. They also realize what they want to do with their lives. Rest of the story is as to what happens during their visit, and how the harsh realities change their lives upside down. In short, the film is about how the road trip becomes a Paathasala of sorts and prepares them for the big journey called life.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Nandu (actor)|Nandu]] as Raju
* [[Sai Ronak]] as Adi
* Hamood as Surya
* [[Anupriya Goenka]] as Sandhya
* Sirisha Vanka as Salma
* Sanjay Reddy as Sandhya's father
* [[Surya (Telugu actor)|Surya]] as College Principal
* [[Krishna Bhagavaan]] as JC Astrologer
* [[L. B. Sriram]] as Fat Boy's father
* [[Narasimha Raju (Telugu actor)|Narasimha Raju]] as Surya's father
* [[Shashank (actor)|Shashank]] as Karthik (Special appearance)
}}

== Production ==
The film is a road based film and 95% of the film was shot outdoors at [[Gandikota]], the [[Godavari River]], [[Horsley Hills]], Hyderabad and the villages near Kadapa.<ref name="I"/>

==Soundtrack==
The music for the film was composed by [[Rahul Raj]] with lyrics by [[Sri Mani]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions1/audio-paathshala.html|title=Paathshala music launch|date=24 August 2014|work=Idlebrain.com|access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref> In an audio review, a critic from ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' wrote, "''Paathasala'' music album is engaging and refreshing".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/audioreview-paathshala.html|title=Paathshala music review - Telugu cinema news|website=Idlebrain.com|access-date=11 October 2014|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924075348/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/audioreview-paathshala.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Karthik Srinivasan|Karthik]] of ''[[Milliblog!]]'' wrote, "Rahul does considerably better than his debut here!"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://milliblog.com/2014/08/25/paathshala-music-review-telugu-rahul-raj/|title=Paathasala (Music review), Telugu - Rahul Raj|work=[[Milliblog!]]|author=Karthik|author-link=Karthik Srinivasan|access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref>

{{Infobox album
| name = Paathasala
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Rahul Raj]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2014}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre =
| length =
| label =
| producer = [[Rahul Raj]]
| prev_title = [[Kadavul Paathi Mirugam Paathi]]
| prev_year = 2014
| next_title = [[Fireman (2015 Film)|Fireman]]
| next_year = 2015
}}

'''Soundtrack'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/07QNYcMU3fjtG1KQx33ZSI|title=Paathasala (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)|work=[[Spotify]]|date=2014|access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Performer(s)
| title1 = Friendship Anthem| extra1 =[[Sooraj Santhosh]], Elvis Don Raja
| title2 = Merise Merise | extra2 = [[Rahul Raj]]
| title3 = Sooryodhayam | extra3 = [[Najim Arshad]]
| title4 = Swecha Varsham (Freedom Song) | extra4 = Rahul Raj
| title5 = Shoonyamai | extra5 = [[Nikhil Mathew]]
}}

==Release ==
The film was released on 10 October 2014.

===Reception===
Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' rated the film 3/5 and wrote, "On a whole, ''Paathshala'' is a different attempt and is aimed at sensible viewers".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paathshala jeevi review |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/paathshala.html |work=Idlebrain.com| date=10 October 2014| url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505030536/https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/paathshala.html |archive-date=5 May 2023 |access-date=5 May 2023}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Date of ceremony
!Award
!Category
!Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
!Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|24 & 25 January 2020
| rowspan="2"|[[1st IIFA Utsavam]]
| Best Film
| ''Paathasala''
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://iifautsavam.com/nominees-tel.html|title=IIFA Utsavam 2015 Nominees - Telugu|website=IIFA Utsavam|access-date=2019-12-25|archive-date=25 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225101132/https://iifautsavam.com/nominees-tel.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| Best Director
| [[Mahi V. Raghav]]
| {{nom}}
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Telangana]]
[[Category:2014 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films scored by Rahul Raj]]
[[Category:Indian drama road movies]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2014 drama films]]
[[Category:Films about friendship]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mahi V Raghav]]

G Kutta Se

2026-03-02T09:36:23Z

Rakshasingh12: improved page after review and updated info to improve readability

{{Use British English|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = G Kutta Se
| image = G Kutta Se film poster.jpg
| director = Rahul Dahiya
| producer = Vinod Sharma
| screenplay =
| story = Rahul Dahiya
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* Rajveer Ankur Singh
* Neha Chauhan
* Rashmi Singh Somvanshi
* Vibha Tyagi
* Nitin Pandit
}}
| music = '''Original Songs''' Anjo John '''Original Score''' Peter Broderick Rutger Zuydervelt
| cinematography = Sachin Kabir
| editing = Pranay Nillay Sandeep Singh Bejeli
| studio = SFE International Full Frame Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.
| distributor = Shiladitya Bora
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|10|04|Chicago South Asian Film Festival|2017|6|16|India}}<ref name="bh">{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/g-kutta-se/articles/ |title=G Kutta Se 2017 News & Articles |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=16 June 2017 }}</ref>
| runtime = 104 minutes<ref name="CSAFF" />
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross = {{INR|link=yes}}90 [[lakh]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3631 |title=G Kutta Se – Box Office Collection |publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>
}}

'''''G Kutta Se'''''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/765067/in-g-a-wanton-heart-love-sex-and-deception-run-rampant-in-haryana|title=In 'G – A Wanton Heart', love, sex and deception run rampant in Haryana|first=Nandini|last=Ramnath|website=Scroll.in|date=28 October 2015 |accessdate=14 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indicine.com/movies/bollywood/g-kutta-se-perfect-launch-rajveer-singh/|title=G Kutta Se is the perfect launch for me: Rajveer Ankur Singh|website=Indicine.com|date=24 May 2017 |accessdate=14 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/g-kutta-se/ET00057419|title=G Kutta Se Movie (2017) – Reviews, Cast & Release Date|website=BookMyShow|accessdate=14 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.talkingmoviez.com/g-kutta-se-is-not-a-figment-of-imagination/|title=G Kutta Se Is Not A Figment Of Imagination|website=Talkingmoviez.com|accessdate=14 January 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ({{translation|G, a wanton heart}}) is a 2015 Indian [[drama]] film made in [[Haryanvi]] and [[Hindi]] language. The film stars Rajveer Singh, Neha Chauhan, Rashmi Singh Somvanshi, and Nitin Pandit in leading roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6qxTS9q3E8&t=2s|title=G Kutta Se Official Trailer – In Cinemas JUNE 9|last=Team LongLiveCinema|date=17 May 2017|publisher=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=26 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indicine.com/movies/bollywood/g-kutta-se-perfect-launch-rajveer-singh/|title=G Kutta Se is the perfect launch for me: Rajveer Ankur Singh|website=Indicine.com|date=24 May 2017 |accessdate=26 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.talkingmoviez.com/g-kutta-se-is-not-a-figment-of-imagination/|title=G Kutta Se Is Not A Figment of Imagination|website=Talkingmoviez.com|accessdate=26 May 2017}}</ref> The film is based on a true story.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/g-kutta-se/articles/|title=G Kutta Se 2017 News & Articles|website=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=26 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pandolin.com/many-a-times-we-would-set-up-different-fake-shooting-units/|title=Many a times we would set up different fake shooting units – Pandolin|date=10 December 2015|website=Pandolin.com|accessdate=1 June 2017|archive-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907081714/https://pandolin.com/many-a-times-we-would-set-up-different-fake-shooting-units/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jamuura.com/blog/g-wanton-heart/|title=India Gold: Rahul Dahiya Speaks On 'The Wanton Heart' & All Its Desires! – Jamuura Blog|date=31 October 2015|website=Jamuura.com|accessdate=26 May 2017}}</ref>

The film was scheduled for release in India in 2016 but, due to censorship, was delayed until June 16, 2017.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.vkaao.com/join-screening-details/ANDH/Audi+01/g-kutta-se/1495428382|title=G KUTTA SE|website=Vkaao.com|accessdate=26 May 2017|archive-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907080444/https://www.vkaao.com/join-screening-details/ANDH/Audi+01/g-kutta-se/1495428382|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/no-honour-in-these-killings/412104.html|title=No honour in these killings|website=The Tribune|date=25 May 2017|archive-date=12 April 2019|access-date=25 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412154646/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/no-honour-in-these-killings/412104.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''G Kutta Se'', which has been written and directed by Rahul Dahiya, takes place in [[Haryana]], a state in northern [[India]], and portrays gender roles in the region and the woes of women in a misogynistic society.

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=September 2024}}
''G Kutta Se'' is the story of people who follow the desires of their hearts and the consequences that befall them for doing so.

== Cast ==

{{div col}}
* Rajveer Ankur Singh as Vijender
* [[Neha Chauhan]] as Kiran
* Nitin Pandit as Dheer
* Rashmi Singh Somvanshi as Preeti
* Vibha Tyagi as Diksha
* Sandeep Goyat as Keku
* Parth Sharma as Sikander
{{div col end}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===

According to director Rahul Dahiya the genesis of this film traces back to 2012 when he learned of an [[honour killing]] in his mother's village Ikkas in [[Haryana]] where a young girl was electrocuted by her family members for being in love with someone.{{cquote|The dead girl sitting up in a bullock cart, while her family members pretended everything is normal, was disturbing. I wished to be a filmmaker and wondered what can be more important than talking about this.<ref name="Honour">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/of-love-and-other-demons-g-kutta-se-honour-killing-khap-panchayat-haryana-rahul-dahiya-4717598/ |title=Of Love and Other Demons |date=23 June 2017 |publisher=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>|author=Rahul Dahiya on the incident that sparked the idea of making this film.}} The director believes that there is a lot of hypocrisy surrounding the concepts of love, desire and honour and through his film he wanted to bring it out in the open and show everyone that it is impossible for anyone to curb their natural instincts. The director says that, "My movie is more about parents and other members of a family taking the drastic step of killing a girl for falling in love. It was more important for me to show that there is no button to switch off their attraction towards the opposite sex."<ref name="Honour" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/st-stephen-s-alumnus-rahul-dahiya-s-debut-film-questions-honour-killings/story-LhmUlN5H19htUalQQOyaXL.html |title=St Stephen's alumnus Rahul Dahiya's debut film questions honour killings |date=7 July 2017 |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

=== Casting ===

Most of the cast members in ''G Kutta Se'' are non actors and were selected after several rounds of auditions held in Delhi, Chandigarh and Haryana. The director Rahul Dahiya says that after the selection process was over, "For more than a month, the cast rehearsed together in Delhi — trying to get the accent and nuances right".<ref name="Honour" />

== Release ==

''G Kutta Se'' had its world premiere at the Chicago South Asian Film Festival (CSAFF) on 4 October 2015.<ref name="CSAFF">{{cite web|url=http://www.csaff.org/film/g-a-wanton-heart/ |title=G- A Wanton Heart |publisher=CSAFF}}</ref> ''G – A Wanton Heart'' was also screened at the 16th Annual [[New York Indian Film Festival]] on 12 May 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaac.us/nyiff2016/Schedule-May12.htm |title=16th Annual New York Indian Film Festival May 7 – 14, 2016 |publisher=[[New York Indian Film Festival]]}}</ref> The release of ''G Kutta Se'' got delayed in India as the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] refused to certify the movie on the grounds that the language and visuals of the film were unsuitable for the viewers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/mid-day/20170519/282179356019477 |title=Clarifying the code of honour |via=[[PressReader]]}}</ref> After refusal by [[Central Board of Film Certification|CBFC]], the makers of the film approached [[Film Certification Appellate Tribunal]] who decided to give the movie an A certificate but also asked for a few changes to be made in the movie.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/300517/g-kutta-se-director-slams-censor-board-for-suggesting-bizzare-cuts.html |title=G Kutta Se director slams censor board for suggesting '{{sic|biz|zare|nolink=y}} cuts' |date=30 May 2017 |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehoot.org/censorship/fcat-as-arbitrary-as-cbfc-when-it-comes-to-certification-10171 |title=FCAT as arbitrary as CBFC when it comes to certification |publisher=The Hoot}}</ref> Finally the movie got released on 16 June 2017 on 40 screens all over India.<ref name="bh" /><ref name="Honour" />

== Controversy ==

After the trailer for the film was launched on [[YouTube]] on 17 May 2017,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6qxTS9q3E8 |title=G Kutta Se Official Trailer |date=17 May 2017 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> several videos and messages were posted on social media issuing threats to harm the people associated with the film. The reason for this hostility was the way girls from [[Haryana]] had been portrayed in the movie and a dialogue that was later removed from the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/how-a-jat-filmmaker-is-getting-threatened-for-a-film-on-honour-killings-in-harya/299328 |title=How A Jat Filmmaker Is Getting Threatened For A Film On Honour Killings In Haryana |date=14 June 2017 |publisher=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = G Kunna Se
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Anjo John
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|06|13}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/g-kutta-se-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-single/1247792923 |title=G Kutta Se (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |date=13 June 2017 |publisher=[[iTunes]]}}</ref>
| recorded = 2016–2017
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 07:34
| language = [[Hindi]], [[Haryanvi]]
| label = [[Times Music]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{Singles
| name = G Kutta Se
| type = Soundtrack
| single1 = Raagani
| single1date =
}}
}}

The soundtrack of ''G Kutta Se'' consists of two songs composed by Anjo John the lyrics of which were written by Rahul Dahiya and Danish Raza.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saavn.com/s/album/hindi/G-Kutta-Se-2017/umffzI0rg0g_ |title=G Kutta Se – 2017 – Anjo John |date=13 June 2017 |publisher=[[Saavn]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = {{Duration|m=7|s=34}}
| title1 = G Kutta Se
| extra1 = Akshay Gupta
| lyrics1 = Rahul Dahiya, Danish Raza
| length1 = 03:11

| title2 = Chillum Haath Mein
| extra2 = Vikas Pashoria
| lyrics2 = Rahul Dahiya
| length2 = 04:23
}}

== Critical reception ==

Reza Noorani of [[The Times of India]] gave the film a rating of 3 out of 5 and said that, "The film does have the potential to overwhelm you, given its heavy subject matter. Still, the filmmaker keeps you engrossed by using humour, which is dark and bleak just like the setting of the film."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/g-kutta-se/movie-review/59175584.cms |title=G Kutta Se Movie Review |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Shubhra Gupta of [[The Indian Express]] gave the film a rating of 3 out of 5 and said that, "Dahiya’s gut-wrenching debut, with its cast of non-professional actors, has an urgent docu-feature feel. It is powerful because it shows rather than tells."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/g-kutta-se-movie-review-rajveer-singh-neha-chauhan-star-rating-4706976/ |title=G Kutta Se movie review: A powerful film, a subject that needs constant revision |date=16 June 2017 |publisher=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Rahul Desai of ''Film Companion'' gave the film a rating of 3.5 out of 5 and said that the movie is a "kind of unrelenting, yet disturbingly clinical kick to the guts. We don’t just double over, but awkwardly keel over in slow motion."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/g-kutta-se-movie-review-rahul-desai |title=G Kutta Se Review: A Punch To The Gut |date=16 June 2017 |publisher=Film Companion}}</ref> [[Namrata Joshi]] of [[The Hindu]] complimented the movie by saying that, "G Kutta Se is one of the most relentlessly horrifying films one has seen of late—from the first frame to the last—primarily because it presents the patriarchal reality of Haryana in an absolutely stark, straightforward and unadorned way."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/the-relentless-cycle-of-patriarchy/article19091471.ece |title=The relentless cycle of patriarchy |work=[[The Hindu]]|date=16 June 2017 }}</ref>

Suparna Sharma of [[Deccan Chronicle]] gave the film a rating of 3.5 out of 5 and said that, "Debutant writer-director Rahul Dahiya’s ''G Kutta Se'' is a brutal film that is focused on making us culpable voyeurs to crimes we read about with stunning regularity and yet pretend these are tales from another time, another dimension." The critic also praised the acting performances of all actors saying that, "The acting in ''G Kutta Se'' could not have been more organic, real. Each and everyone is superb."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/240617/g-kutta-se-movie-review-a-brutal-slice-of-life-in-rural-haryana.html?fromNewsdog=1 |title=G Kutta Se movie review: A brutal slice of life in rural Haryana |date=24 June 2017 |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> Uday Bhatia of [[Live Mint]] reviewed the film saying that, "this is a sharp, pitiless look at a society governed by feudal minds overly concerned with women’s honour while utterly dismissive of their rights."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/xuW8QwG9DZMwAiO3itOQ9L/Film-Review-G-Kutta-Se.html |title=Film Review: G Kutta Se – No country for young women. Rahul Dahiya's film is a nightmare vision of Haryana |date=16 June 2017 |publisher=[[Live Mint]]}}</ref> [[Filmfare]] praised the film saying that, "This film is brilliantly crafted and it tells a visceral and disturbing story. It's definitely one of the most intense and relevant films of the year." and gave the film a rating of 4 out of 5.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-g-kutta-se-21632.html |title=Movie Review: G Kutta Se – It's a perfect blend of real grit and film making finesse. |publisher=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref>

Anna MM Vetticad of First Post gave the film a rating of 4 out of 5 and said that, "Far from downplaying the seriousness of the subject at hand, Dahiya’s matter-of-fact storytelling style and Sachin Kabir’s unobtrusive cinematography have the effect of further underlining the blazing intensity of their theme, so that every new development comes as a punch in the gut." The critic also praised the acting performances in the film specially Rajveer Singh and Neha Chauhan saying that, "Both deliver flawless performances".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/g-kutta-se-movie-review-heart-stopping-portrayal-of-misogyny-and-murder-in-haryana-3710181.html |title=G Kutta Se movie review: Heart-stopping portrayal of misogyny and murder in Haryana |date=18 June 2017 |publisher=First Post}}</ref> Letty Mariam Abraham of [[Mid-Day]] gave the film a rating of 3.5 out of 5 and said that, "The film rings alarm bells about the rise in honour killings, while leaving you unsettled. A must watch film, where the script more than makes up for the lack of stars."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/g-kutta-se-movie-review-film-rating-rahul-dahiya-rajveer-singh-neha-chauhan-nitin-pandit-bollywood-news/18346150 |title='G Kutta Se' Movie Review – G Kutta Se touches nerves endings and makes your blood boil |date=17 June 2017 |publisher=[[Mid-Day]]}}</ref> [[Business Standard]] gave the film a rating of 4.5 out of 5 and said that, "''G Kutta S'' takes an unflinching, long and hard look at tradition-sanctioned violence against women making it one of the darkest films in living memory. Dahiya succeeds in making every episode seem so real and palpable, you will get the feeling of being there, though you would often wish you weren't."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/g-kutta-se-a-bludgeoning-masterpiece-review-117061400964_1.html |title='G Kutta Se': A bludgeoning masterpiece |publisher=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==

{| style="width:85%;" class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! style="width:25%;"| Award
! style="width:15%;"| Date of Ceremony
! style="width:25%;"| Category
! style="width:25%;"| Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
! style="width:10%;"| Result
!scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|[[Filmfare Awards]]
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|20 January 2018
| style="text-align:center;"|Best Original Story
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|Rahul Dahiya
| rowspan="2" {{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-63rd-jio-filmfare-awards-2018_-26161-19.html |title=Nominations for the 63rd Jio Filmfare Awards 2018 |publisher=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|Best Debutant Director
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Film|Bollywood}}
*[[List of Bollywood films of 2015]]

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==

* {{URL|https://www.facebook.com/GKuttaSe/|G Kutta Se – Official Facebook}}
* {{IMDb title|4307132}}

[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2015 Indian films]]
[[Category:Haryanvi-language films]]
[[Category:2015 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Film censorship in India]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies in film]]
[[Category:Censored films]]
[[Category:Works subject to expurgation]]
[[Category:2015 controversies]]
[[Category:Films set in Haryana]]
[[Category:Films shot in Haryana]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Honour killing in India]]
[[Category:Films about honor killing]]
[[Category:Films about misogyny]]
[[Category:Indian feminist films]]

Mallu Adil Shah

2026-02-26T05:28:55Z

Rakshasingh12: added references

{{Short description|Sultan of Bijapur from 1534 to 1535}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Mallu Adil Shah
| title =
| image =
| reign =27 August 1534 – February 1535<ref name="o497">{{cite web | author=M. H. RAMA SHARMA| title=Full text of "THE HISTORY OF VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE VOL.1" | website=Internet Archive | date=23 October 2016 | url=https://archive.org/stream/dli.bengal.10689.12385/10689.12385_djvu.txt | access-date=4 February 2025}}</ref>
| full name = Mallu Adil Khan
| predecessor = [[Ismail Adil Shah]]
| successor = [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]]
| succession = 3rd [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Sultan of Bijapur]]
| spouse =
| issue =
| dynasty = [[Adil Shahi|Adil Shahi Empire]]
| father = [[Ismail Adil Shah]]
| mother = Fatima Beebi
| birth_place = [[Adil Shahi|Bijapur]]
| death_date = February 1535
| death_place = [[Adil Shahi|Bijapur]]
| burial_date = 1535
| burial_place = [[Adil Shahi|Bijapur]]
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
}}

'''Mallu Adil Shah''', of the [[Adil Shahi dynasty]], was the Sultan of the [[Bijapur Sultanate]] of modern-day southern India. He ruled for a short period in 1534, before being deposed and [[Blinding (punishment)|blinded]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cousens|first=Henry|title=Bijapur and its Architectural Remains|publisher=|year=1916|isbn=|location=|pages=5}}</ref>

== Reign ==
Mallu Adil Shah succeeded his father [[Ismail Adil Shah]] upon the latter's death. He was supposed to be in the company of evil habits. Punji Khatun, Mallu Adil Shah's paternal grandmother with the help of General Asad Khan deposed Mallu Adil Shah and declared his younger brother [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] as the king.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* A Visit to Bijapur by H. S. Kaujalagi
* "Avalokana" a souvenir published by the Government of Karnataka
* Centenary Souvenir published by the Bijapur Municipal Corporation
* Wakiyate Mumlikate Bijapur by Basheeruddin Dahalwi
* Tareekhe Firishta by Muhammad Kasim Firishta
* Shawahidul Awliyae Bijapur by Sayyad Murtuza Quadri Gachi Mahal

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Mallu Adil}}
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Sultans of Bijapur]]

{{India-royal-stub}}

Jhingurdah

2026-02-14T00:27:15Z

Rakshasingh12: Adding

'''Jhingurdah''' is a city and one of the projects of [[Northern Coalfields Limited]] (NCL) which is a subsidiary company of state-owned [[Coal India Limited]]. It lies in the [[Singrauli]]<ref name="singrauli">[http://www.singrauli.nic.in] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024001632/https://singrauli.nic.in/ |date=2020-10-24 }}, Official Singrauli District website.</ref> District of [[Madhya Pradesh]].
Most of the people in Jhingurdah are employed in the Jhingurdah coalfields of NCL.

== Education ==
There are two major schools in Jhingurdah; DAV Public School and Saraswati Sishu Mandir.

== Connectivity ==
Jhingurdah is approximately 40 km from the district collectorate. It is 30 km away from the Singrauli Junction Railway Station. Nearest airport is [[Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport]], Babatpur, Varanasi and is 210 km away from Singrauli Junction by rail.

==Local attractions==
* '''Jhingurdah Hanuman Mandir''' : This temple is dedicated to Lord Hanuman and many folks from far and near come down to this temple to pay respects as part of obeisance of their Hindu religion. This temple is unique in many ways and is located on a top of a hill which ensures that its windy out here. One needs to climb a number of steps to reach to the temple from parking area. Some locals claim that this is the place where Lord Hanuman was born. Another unique attribute of this temple in Jhingurdah is the cricket noise that is evidently heard from far off places as one approaches this temple. "Jhingur" in Hindi refers to an insect from Cricket family and is recognized by the noise it makes.
* '''Tippa Jharia''' : It is a local picnic spot where school children normally show up during onset or offset of Winter season. One can find lotus flowers blooming in the Tippa Jharia lake all the year round and locals consider that as nothing less than magic on spiritual levels. This lake is only about 2–3 km from the Hanuman temple. This delicate ecosystem seems untouched by mankind however we should make all efforts to preserve this natural habitat and keep it clear and clean as it is an ecosystem as well.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|24.196|82.700|display=title}}
{{Rewa Division}}
[[Category:Coalfields of India]]
[[Category:Singrauli district]]
[[Category:Mining in Madhya Pradesh]]

Kalimuddin Shams

2026-02-10T10:48:20Z

Rakshasingh12:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kalimuddin Shams
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1939|2|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], [[Bihar]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2013|3|4|1939|2|13|df=y}}
| death_place =

| constituency = [[Nalhati (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nalhati]]
| predecessor = Sattick Kumar Roy
| successor = Dipak Chattopadhyay
| office = [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Member of West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1996
| term_end = 2006

| office2 = [[Minister (government)|Minister for Agriculture Marketing, Food and Supply]] [[Government of West Bengal]]
| term_start2 = 1991
| term_end2 = 2004

| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| constituency2 =

| office3 = [[Deputy Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 1977
| term_end3 = 1987
| predecessor3 = [[Haridas Mitra]]
| successor3 = Anil Kumar Mukherjee
| constituency3 =

| constituency4 = [[Kabitirtha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kabitirtha]]
| office4 = [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Member of West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start4 = 1969-1971, 1977-1987, 1991
| term_end4 = 1996
| predecessor4 =
| successor4 =

| office5 = MMIC of Water Department, [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]
| constituency5 =
| term_start5 = 1965
| term_end5 = 1972
| predecessor5 =
| successor5 =
| governor5 =

| nationality = [[India]]n
| spouse =
| party = [[All India Forward Bloc]]
| residence =
| alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]]
| profession = Politician, [[social worker]]
| website =
}}

'''Kalimuddin Shams''' (13 February 1939 – 4 March 2013) was an Indian politician, belonging to the [[All India Forward Bloc]]. He served in [[Government of West Bengal]] as Minister for Agriculture Marketing, Food and Supply (1991–2005).<ref name="a">''Towards Socialism''. ''{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140321041837/http://www.towardssocialism.forwardbloc.org/Previous%20Edition/2013_Mar_TS.pdf Com. KALIMUDDIN SHAMS PASSED AWAY]}}''</ref>

==Early life and family==
Shams was born on 13 February 1939 to a [[Bihari Muslim]] family in the village of Simra in [[Gaya, Bihar]]. He was the son of Haji Mojibur Rahman and the father of former MLA [[Moinuddin Shams]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Who's who in India|page=425|year=1986|publisher=[[University of Michigan]]}}</ref>

==Career==
A lawyer by profession, Shams became involved in organising local struggles of residents of [[Kidderpore]] outside [[Calcutta]]. He was elected to the Calcutta Municipal Corporation in 1965, standing as an [[independent (politician)|independent candidate]]. In the following year he became a member of the All India Forward Bloc.<ref name="a"/>

Shams stood as a Forward Bloc candidate in the [[Kabitirtha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kabitirtha seat]] in the [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967 legislative assembly election]], but was not elected. In 1969 he again contested municipal elections and was re-elected. He served as Mayor in Council for Water Department. In the [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972 election]] he again ran for legislative assembly from Kabitirtha, but was not elected.<ref name="a"/>

Shams was elected to the West Bengal legislative assembly in the [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977 elections]], representing Kabitirtha. He was elected as the Deputy Speaker of the assembly. He would be re-elected in 1982, 1987, 1992, 1996 and 2001 (albeit in the two last elections he represented the [[Nalhati (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nalhati constituency]].<ref name="a"/>

In 1980 the Urdu Academy of West Bengal was founded, with Shams as its chairman. He also served as president of the [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sports Club]] several years, being appointed in 1992.<ref name="a"/>

Shams was a member of the [[Central Committee]] of the All India Forward Bloc for 15 years.<ref name="a"/> He resigned from his ministerial post in 2005 due to ill health.<ref name="a"/>
An excellent orator, Shams was popular in India as a Muslim leader, who didn't hesitate to speak his mind and they were instances when he didn't even toe his party line when the issue concerned his community.

Kalimuddin Shams is linked to brutal killing of IPS Vinod Kumar Mehta, DCP (Port) on March 18, 1984.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{West Bengal Legislative Assembly2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shams, Kalimuddin}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:All India Forward Bloc politicians]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Deputy speakers of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1969–1971]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1977–1982]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1982–1987]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1996–2001]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:People from Birbhum district]]
[[Category:People from Gaya district]]

Comedy Nights Bachao

2026-02-04T18:19:42Z

Rakshasingh12:

{{Short description|Indian roast TV show (2015–2017)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Comedy Nights Bachao.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Comedy]]
| creator = Vipul D Shah Sanjeev Sharma Sabir ali
| based_on = [[Roast (comedy)|Roast comedy]]
| director = Nikul Desai
| editor = Sophia Satapathy
| writer = {{ubl|Dinesh Brigedier|[[Manoj Sabharwal]]|[[Haarsh Limbachiyaa]]}}
| creative_director = Chirag Shah
| presenter = {{ubl|[[Krushna Abhishek]]|[[Sudesh Lehri]]|[[Bharti Singh]]|Mubeen}}
| starring = [[Shakeel Siddiqui]] [[Sudesh Lehri]] [[Krushna Abhishek]] [[Bharti Singh]] [[Adaa Khan]] [[Karan Wahi]] [[Tejaswi Prakash]] [[Nia Sharma]] [[Anita Hassanandani]] [[Karishma Tanna]] [[Arjun Bijlani]] [[Sara Khan (actress, born 1989)|Sara Khan]] [[Aditi Bhatia]] [[Sharad Malhotra]] [[Helly Shah]] [[Sanaya Irani]] [[Hina Khan]] [[Kishwer Merchant]] [[Tina Datta]] [[Arti Singh]] [[#Cast|See below]] for other listings
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 64<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9xkujfrgmc|title=Comedy Nights Bachao episodes|publisher=Comedy Nights Bachao|date=20 May 2014|access-date=20 May 2015}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| producer =
| location =
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 55 minutes
| company = Optimystix Entertainment
| channel = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2015|9|5}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2017|1|15}}
| related = ''[[Comedy Nights Live]]'' ''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]''
}}

'''''Comedy Nights Bachao''''' (English: ''Comedy Nights, Help!'') is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[comedy]] [[television series]] which premiered on 5 September 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/2015-TV-shows-to-look-forward-this-year/photostory/48158943.cms?from=mdr|title=2015:TV shows to look forward this year|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date = 24 August 2015}}</ref> The series used to air on Sunday nights on [[Colors TV]]. The series was a reality show with a format similar to ''[[Comedy Circus]]''. It had many of the same production team members<ref name=TOIseth>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/shruti-seth-to-make-tv-comeback-after-pregnancy-break-with-comedy-nights-bachao-on-colors-289368-2015-08-20|title=Shruti Seth's all set to make her TV comeback with Comedy Nights Bachao|newspaper=[[India Today]]|date=20 August 2015|access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref> and was produced by Optimystix Entertainment. The presenters of this show were [[Krushna Abhishek]], [[Sudesh Lehri]], [[Bharti Singh]] Mubeen and [[Mona Singh]].

==Cast==
===Season 1 (Comedy Nights Bachao)===
* [[Krushna Abhishek]]
* [[Sudesh Lehri]]
* [[Bharti Singh]]
* [[Mubeen Saudagar]]
* [[Anita Hassanandani]]<ref name=TOI>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/In-Out-TV-celebs-onboard-quit-or-kicked-out/photostory/48330130.cms|title=In & Out: TV celebs onboard, quit or kicked out|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref>
* [[Karan Wahi]]
* [[Puja Banerjee]]
* [[Shruti Seth]]<ref name=TOIseth/>
* [[Shakeel Siddiqui]]
* [[Adaa Khan]]
* [[Naseem Vicky]]
* Pritam Singh
* [[Sara Khan (actress, born 1989)|Sara Khan]]
;Cameos
* [[Surbhi Jyoti]] for 2 episodes
* [[Siddharth Jadhav]] for 2 episodes
* [[Raghu Ram]] for 2 episodes
* [[Rajiv Laxman]] for 2 episodes
* [[Manan Desai]] for 1 episode
* [[Shikha Singh]] for 1 episode
* [[Aastha Gill]] for 1 episode

=== Season 2 (Comedy Nights Bachao Taaza) ===
* [[Krushna Abhishek]]
* [[Bharti Singh]]
* [[Sudesh Lehri]]
* [[Mubeen Saudagar]]
* [[Adaa Khan]]
* [[Puja Banerjee]]
* [[Anita Hassanandani]]
* [[Karan Wahi]]
* [[Nia Sharma]]
* Balraj Syal
* [[Aditi Bhatia]]
* [[Mona Singh]] as host
* [[Amruta Khanvilkar]]
* [[Sumeet Vyas]]
* [[Sharad Malhotra]]
* [[Asha Negi]]
* [[Manan Desai]]
;Cameos
* [[Ruhanika Dhawan]] for 1 episode
* Shivansh Kotia for 1 episode
* [[Parth Bhalerao]] for 1 episode
* [[Asrani]] for 1 episode
* [[Helly Shah]] for 1 episode
* [[Karishma Tanna]] for 1 episode

==List of episodes==
{| class="wikitable
! No.
! Telecast date
! Guest(s)
! To promote
| '''Ref.'''
|-
| 1<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://colors.in.com/in/comedy-nights-bachao/videos/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-1-september-5th-2015-10118064-2.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150907221252/http://colors.in.com/in/comedy-nights-bachao/videos/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-1-september-5th-2015-10118064-2.html|url-status = dead|archive-date = 2015-09-07|title = Comedy nights bachao, Full Episode -1, September 5th, 2015}}</ref>
| 5 September 2015
| [[Sohail Khan]], [[Mika Singh]]
| Special Appearance
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Weekend comedy show pokes fun at celebs|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Weekend-comedy-show-pokes-fun-at-celebs/articleshow/48809304.cms|website=[[Times of India]]|date=6 September 2015 |access-date=28 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://colors.in.com/in/comedy-nights-bachao/videos/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-2-september-12th-2015-10118286-2.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150915031008/http://colors.in.com/in/comedy-nights-bachao/videos/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-2-september-12th-2015-10118286-2.html|url-status = dead|archive-date = 2015-09-15|title = Comedy Nights bachao, Full Episode -2, September 12th, 2015}}</ref>
| 12 September 2015
| [[Salman Khan]], [[Sooraj Pancholi]], [[Athiya Shetty]]
| ''[[Hero (2015 Hindi film)|Hero]]''{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}
|-
| 3<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://colors.in.com/in/comedy-nights-bachao/videos/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-3-september-19th-2015-10118500-2.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150922175805/http://colors.in.com/in/comedy-nights-bachao/videos/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-3-september-19th-2015-10118500-2.html|url-status = dead|archive-date = 2015-09-22|title = Comedy nights bachao, Full Episode -3, September 19th, 2015}}</ref>
| 19 September 2015
| [[Gulshan Grover]], [[Shakti Kapoor]], [[Ranjeet]], [[Surveen Chawla]]
| Special Appearance
|<ref>{{cite web|title=B-Town villains come together for 'Comedy Nights Bachao'|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/b-town-villains-come-together-for-comedy-nights-bachao/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829192143/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/b-town-villains-come-together-for-comedy-nights-bachao/|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 August 2015|website=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=28 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 4<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://colors.in.com/in/comedy-nights-bachao/videos/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-4-september-26th-2015-10118708-2.html|title = Comedy nights bachao, Full Episode -4, September 26th, 2015|access-date = 31 October 2015|archive-date = 20 October 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151020073147/http://colors.in.com/in/comedy-nights-bachao/videos/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-4-september-26th-2015-10118708-2.html|url-status = dead}}</ref>
| 26 September 2015
| [[Usha Nadkarni]], [[Toral Rasputra]], [[Radhika Madan]], [[Shikha Singh]]
| ''[[Balika Vadhu]]'', ''[[Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi]]'', ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Comedy Nights Bachao: Saas-Bahu special on the show|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Comedy-Nights-Bachao-Saas-Bahu-special-on-the-show/photostory/49114068.cms|website=[[Times of India]]|date=26 September 2015 |access-date=28 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 5<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://colors.in.com/in/comedy-nights-bachao/videos/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-5-october-3rd-2015-10119064-2.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151006084306/http://colors.in.com/in/comedy-nights-bachao/videos/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-5-october-3rd-2015-10119064-2.html|url-status = dead|archive-date = 2015-10-06|title = Comedy nights bachao, Full Episode -5, October 3rd, 2015}}</ref>
| 3 October 2015
| [[Dolly Bindra]], [[Vindu Dara Singh]], [[Raghu Ram]], [[Rajiv Laxman]]
| Special Appearance
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Comedy Nights Bachao: Dolly Bindra, Vindu and Raghu-Rajiv get grilled|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Comedy-Nights-Bachao-Dolly-Bindra-Vindu-and-Raghu-Rajiv-get-grilled/photostory/49206592.cms|website=[[Times of India]]|access-date=4 October 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 6<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://colors.in.com/in/comedy-nights-bachao/videos/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-6-october-17th-2015-10119433-2.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151020003652/http://colors.in.com/in/comedy-nights-bachao/videos/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-6-october-17th-2015-10119433-2.html|url-status = dead|archive-date = 2015-10-20|title = Comedy nights bachao, Full Episode -6, October 17th, 2015}}</ref>
| 17 October 2015
| [[Ganesh Acharya]], [[Anu Malik]], [[Geeta Kapoor]], [[Chetan Bhagat]]
| Special Appearance
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Comedy Nights Bachao: LOL moments from the reality Judges episode|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Comedy-Nights-Bachao-LOL-moments-from-the-reality-Judges-episode/photostory/49434134.cms|website=[[Times of India]]|access-date=18 October 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 7
| 24 October 2015
| [[Udit Narayan]], [[Bappi Lahiri]], [[Falguni Pathak]], [[Neha Kakkar]]
| Special Appearance
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Comedy Nights Bachao: Bharti Singh does not spare even Falguni Pathak!|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/whats-hot/story/bharti-singh-does-not-spare-falguni-pathak-on-comedy-nights-bachao-269688-2015-10-25|website=IndiaToday.in|date=25 October 2015 |access-date=25 October 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 8
| 31 October 2015
| [[Randeep Hooda]], [[Richa Chadda]], [[Adil Hussain]], [[Kartik Aaryan]], [[Nushrat Bharucha]], [[Sunny Singh Nijjar|Sunny Singh]], [[Sonnalli Seygall]], Omkar Kapoor, [[Ishita Raj Sharma]]
| ''[[Main Aur Charles]]'', ''[[Pyaar Ka Punchnama 2]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Richa Chadda & Randeep Hooda On Stage Of Comedy Night Bachao 31st Oct 2015|url=http://www.dekhnews.com/richa-chadda-randeep-hooda-on-stage-of-comedy-night-bachao-31st-oct-2015/|website=Dekh News|access-date=1 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101040413/http://www.dekhnews.com/richa-chadda-randeep-hooda-on-stage-of-comedy-night-bachao-31st-oct-2015/|archive-date=1 November 2015|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
| 9<ref>{{cite web|url=http://colors.in.com/in/comedy-nights-bachao/videos/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-9-november-7th-2015-10120043-2.html|title=Comedy Nights Bachao episodes|publisher=Comedy Nights Bachao|date=7 November 2015}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
| 7 November 2015
| [[Karisma Kapoor]], [[Chunky Pandey]], [[Sanjeev Kapoor]]
| Special Appearance
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Karisma Kapoor, Chunky Pandey and Sanjeev Kapoor to be on Comedy Nights Bachao|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/karisma-kapoor-chunky-pandey-and-sanjeev-kapoor-to-be-on-comedy-nights-bachao-271665-2015-11-05|website=[[India Today]]|date=5 November 2015 |access-date=7 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://colors.in.com/in/comedy-nights-bachao/videos/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-10-november-14th-2015-10120245-2.html|title=Comedy Nights Bachao episodes|publisher=Comedy Nights Bachao|date=14 November 2015}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
| 14 November 2015
| [[Avika Gor]], Shrivardhan Trivedi, Shams Tahir Khan, Sanjay Prabhakar
| Special Appearance
|-
| 11<ref>{{cite web|url=http://colors.in.com/in/comedy-nights-bachao/videos/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-11-november-21st-2015-10120477-2.html|title=Comedy Nights Bachao episodes|publisher=Comedy Nights Bachao|date=21 November 2015}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
| 21 November 2015
| [[Sharman Joshi]], [[Daisy Shah]], [[Zarine Khan]]
| ''[[Hate Story 3]]''
|
|-
| 12<ref>{{cite web|url=http://colors.in.com/in/comedy-nights-bachao/videos/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-12-november-28th-2015-10120767-2.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201060317/http://colors.in.com/in/comedy-nights-bachao/videos/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-12-november-28th-2015-10120767-2.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 December 2015|title=Comedy Nights Bachao episodes|publisher=Comedy Nights Bachao|date=28 November 2015}}</ref>
| 28 November 2015
| [[Ranbir Kapoor]], [[Deepika Padukone]]
|''[[Tamasha (2015 film)|Tamasha]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Tamasha forces Deepika and Ranbir to face the heat of comedy|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/whats-hot/story/tamasha-forces-deepika-and-ranbir-to-face-the-heat-of-comedy-273201-2015-11-17|website=[[India Today]]|date=18 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 13<ref>{{cite web|url=http://colors.in.com/in/videos/comedy-nights-bachao/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-13-december-5th-2015-10120989.html|title=Comedy Nights Bachao episodes|publisher=Comedy Nights Bachao|date=5 December 2015}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
| 5 December 2015
| [[Suniel Shetty]], [[Raveena Tandon]], [[Sukhwinder Singh]]
| ''[[Swasth Bharat]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=When Suniel Shetty made someone cry on the sets of Comedy Nights Bachao|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/comedy-nights-bachao-when-suniel-shetty-biggest-fan-got-emotional-on-meeting-him-comedian-jaswant-raveena-tandon-275541-2015-12-03|website=[[India Today]]|date=3 December 2015}}</ref>
|-
|14
|12 December 2015
|[[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]], [[Varun Dhawan]], [[Varun Sharma]], [[Kriti Sanon]]
| ''[[Dilwale (2015 film)|Dilwale]]''
|
|-
|15
|19 December 2015
|[[Ranveer Singh]], [[Deepika Padukone]]
| ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]''
|
|-
|16
|26 December 2015
|[[Saroj Khan]], [[Divya Dutta]], [[Juhi Chawla]]
| ''[[Chalk n Duster]]''
|
|-
| 17
| 2 January 2016
| [[Nimrat Kaur]], [[Akshay Kumar]]
| ''[[Airlift (film)|Airlift]]''
|
|-
| 18
| 9 January 2016
| [[Sunny Deol]], [[Shivam Patil]], Diana Khan, Rishabh Arora, [[Aanchal Munjal]]
| ''[[Ghayal Once Again]]''
|
|-
| 19
| 16 January 2016
| [[Tushar Kapoor]], [[Aftab Shivdasani]], [[Krushna Abhishek]], Gizele Thakral
| ''[[Kyaa Kool Hain Hum 3]]''
|
|-
| 20
| 17 January 2016
| [[Sunny Leone]], [[Vir Das]], [[Suresh Menon]], [[Milap Zaveri]], [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Nimrat Kaur]]
| ''[[Mastizaade]]'', ''[[Airlift]]''
|
|-
| 21
| 30 January 2016
| [[Arjun Kapoor]], [[Mahi Vij]], [[Tanisha Mukherjee]], [[Aishwarya Sakhuja]], [[Sana Saeed]]
| ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi|Khatron Ke Khiladi]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Comedy Nights Bachao: Arjun Kapoor and Khatron Ke Khiladi team create a laughter riot|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/comedy-nights-bachao-arjun-kapoor-and-khatron-ke-khiladi-team-create-a-laughter-riot-view-pics/|website=Bollywood Life|date=30 January 2016 |access-date=31 January 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 22
| 6 February 2016
| [[Kamaal Rashid Khan]], [[Sana Khan]], [[Ajaz Khan]], [[Rahul Mahajan]]
| Special Appearance
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Comedy nights bachao, Full Episode -22, February 6th 2016|url=http://www.colorstv.com/in/comedy-nights-bachao/videos/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-22-february-6th-2016-10123735-2.html#nav|publisher=Colors TV|access-date=7 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207211740/http://www.colorstv.com/in/comedy-nights-bachao/videos/comedy-nights-bachao-full-episode-22-february-6th-2016-10123735-2.html#nav|archive-date=7 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 23
| 13 February 2016
| [[Pulkit Samrat]], [[Yami Gautam]], [[Urvashi Rautela]], [[Divya Khosla Kumar]], [[Mithoon Sharma]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Bharti Singh]]
| ''[[Sanam Re]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Now It's Bharti's Turn to Face the Heat onJio 'Comedy Nights Bachao'! |work=dailybhaskar |date=13 February 2016 |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news-ht/ENT-TV-now-its-bhartis-turn-to-face-the-heat-on-comedy-nights-bachao-5248281-PHO.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217064756/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news-ht/ENT-TV-now-its-bhartis-turn-to-face-the-heat-on-comedy-nights-bachao-5248281-PHO.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 February 2016|publisher=Daily Bhaskar|access-date=14 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 24
| 20 February 2016
| [[Manish Paul]], [[Sikandar Kher]], [[Riya Sen]], Pradhuman Singh, [[Sonam Kapoor]]
| ''[[Tere Bin Laden: Dead or Alive]], [[Neerja]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Manish Paul to be seen on Comedy Nights Bachao tonight!|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-manish-paul-to-be-seen-on-comedy-nights-bachao-tonight-2180033|website=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|access-date=21 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 25
| 27 February 2016
| [[Remo D'Souza]], [[Dharmesh Yelande]], [[Raghav Juyal]]
| Special Appearance
|-
| 26
| 5 March 2016
| [[Raajpal Yadav|Rajpal Yadav]], [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya]], [[Upen Patel]], [[Karishma Tanna]]
| ''[[MTV Love School]]''
|
|-
| 27
| 12 March 2016
| [[Sidharth Malhotra]], [[Fawad Khan]], [[Alia Bhatt]]
| ''[[Kapoor & Sons]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web| first=Vipra|last=Shrivastava|title = Comedy Nights Bachao: Sidharth Malhotra is a fan of this comedian| work = India Today| date = 11 March 2016 | access-date = 13 March 2016 | url = https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/comedy-nights-bachao-sidharth-malhotra-is-a-fan-of-this-comedian-kapoor-and-sons-alai-bhatt-fawad-khan-312867-2016-03-11}}</ref>
|-
| 28
| 19 March 2016
| [[Prince Narula]], [[Rannvijay Singha|Rannvijay Singh]], [[Karan Kundra]], [[Neha Dhupia]]
| ''[[MTV Roadies]]''
|
|-
| 29
| 26 March 2016
| [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]], [[Sharad Kelkar]], [[Nora Fatehi]]
| ''[[Rocky Handsome]]''
|
|-
| 30
| 2 April 2016
| [[Sara Khan (actress, born 1989)|Sara Khan]], [[Kishwer Merchant]], [[Suyyash Rai]], [[Sangram Singh]], [[Arjun Bijlani]], [[Arti Singh]], [[Sharad Malhotra]], [[Kamya Panjabi]], [[Tina Dutta]], [[Asha Negi]], [[Karan Wahi]], [[Anita Hassanandani]], [[Vishal Singh (TV actor born 1985)|Vishal Singh]]
| ''Box Cricket League''
|
|-
| 31
| 9 April 2016
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]]
| ''[[Fan (2016 film)|Fan]]''
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Bharti Singh conducts a hilarious audition for Shah Rukh Khan on Comedy Nights Bachao|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bharti-Singh-conducts-a-hilarious-audition-for-Shah-Rukh-Khan-on-Comedy-Nights-Bachao/articleshow/51742188.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=14 May 2016|date=8 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 32
| 16 April 2016
| [[Neha Dhupia]], [[Boman Irani]], [[Manoj Bajpayee]]
| ''[[Santa Banta Pvt Ltd]]'', ''[[Traffic (2016 film)|Traffic]]''
|
|-
| 33
| 24 April 2016
| [[Helly Shah]], [[Mouni Roy]], [[Sudha Chandran]], [[Jayati Bhatia]], [[Sushant Singh]] (Integration episode with ''[[Comedy Nights Live]]'')
| ''[[Swaragini]]'', [[Naagin (2015 TV series)|''Naagin'']], ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]'', ''[[Savdhaan India]]''
|-
| 34
| 30 April 2016
| [[Mika Singh]] (cameo) and [[Mallika Sherawat]]
| Special Appearance
|
|-
| 35
| 7 May 2016
|[[Ravi Kishan]], [[Manoj Tiwari (Delhi politician)|Manoj Tiwari]], [[Dinesh Lal Yadav]], [[Khesari Lal Yadav]], [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]], [[Gurbani Judge]]
| Special Appearance, [[Zorawar]]
|-
|36
|14 May 2016
|Manmeet Singh, Harmeet Singh ([[Meet Bros]]), [[Jasmine Sandlas]], [[Kanika Kapoor]], [[Anushka Manchanda]]
|''Party Animal'' (music album)
|
|-
|37
|21 May 2016
|[[Ram Gopal Verma]], [[Ankit Tiwari]], [[Mandira Bedi]], [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Sonal Chauhan]]
|''[[Veerappan (2016 film)|Veerappan]]'', ''Badtameez'' (music album)
|
|-
|38
|28 May 2016
|rowspan="2"|[[Jacqueline Fernandez]], [[Lisa Haydon]], [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Chunky Pandey]], [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Ritesh Deshmukh]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Housefull 3]]''
|
|-
|39
| 4 June 2016
|
|-
|40
| 11 June 2016
|[[Sofia Hayat]], [[Rakhi Sawant]], [[Shefali Zariwala]], [[Alok Nath]], [[Aarti Chhabria]]
| Special Appearance
|
|-
|41
|18 June 2016
|[[Altaf Raja]], [[Usha Uthup]], [[Raftaar (singer)]], [[Sreesanth]], [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]], Gurinder Rai
| Special Appearance, Garrari Pitbull Te
|
|-
|42
|25 June 2016
|[[Archana Vijaya]], [[Shibani Dandekar]], [[Pallavi Sharda]], [[Shonali Nagrani]], [[Vinod Kambli]], [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]
| Special Appearance
|-
|43
|3 July 2016
|[[Farah Khan]], [[The Great Khali]]
| Special Appearance
|-
|44
|16 July 2016
|[[Urvashi Rautela]], [[Ritesh Deshmukh]], [[Vivek Oberoi]], [[Pooja Bose]], [[Salman Khan]], [[Anushka Sharma]]
|''[[Great Grand Masti]]'', ''[[Sultan (2016 film)|Sultan]]''
|
|-
|45
| 31 July 2016
|[[Neha Dhupia]], [[Varun Sharma]], [[Ravi Kishan]], [[Manan Desai]], [[Varun Dhawan]], [[John Abraham]]
| Special Appearance, [[Dishoom]]
|-
|46
| 7 August 2016
|[[Salman Yusuff Khan]], [[Nora Fatehi]], [[Shakti Arora]], [[Rahul Roy]], [[Sidhant Gupta]], [[Arjun Bijlani]], [[Karishma Tanna]]
|''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 9)|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'' [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 9)|(season 9)]]
|
|-
| 47
| 14 August 2016
|[[Namish Taneja]], [[Gurmeet Chaudhary]], [[Tejaswi Prakash]], [[Debina Bonnerjee]], [[Sambhavna Seth]], [[Avinash Dwivedi]](Integration episode with [[Comedy Nights Live]]), [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Ileana D'Cruz]], [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]
|''[[Swaragini]]'', couples special, ''[[Rustom (film)|Rustom]]'', Driving Slow
|
|-
| 48
| 28 August 2016
|[[Rani Chatterjee]], [[Antara Biswas|Mona Lisa]], [[Khesari Lal Yadav]], [[Avdhoot Gupte]], [[Hardy Sandhu]]
| Special Appearance
|
|-
| 49
| 4 September 2016
|[[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]], [[Sohail Khan]], [[Jas Arora]]
|''[[Freaky Ali]]''
|
|-
|50
| 11 September 2016
| [[Siddharth Malhotra]], [[Katrina Kaif]]
|''[[Baar Baar Dekho]]''
|
|-
| 51
| 18 September 2016
|[[Sana Amin Sheikh]], [[Meera Deosthale]], [[Vidhi Pandya]], Indira Krishnan, [[Dheeraj Dhoopar]], [[Kader Khan]], [[Kamya Panjabi]], [[Uday Tikekar]]
| ''[[Krishnadasi (2016 TV series)|Krishnadasi]]'', ''[[Udaan (2014 TV series)|Udaan]]'', ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]''
|
|-
| 52
| 25 September 2016
|[[Prabhu Deva]], [[Sonu Sood]], [[Navraj Hans]]
| ''[[Tutak Tutak Tutiya]]''
|
|-
| 53
| 2 October 2016
|[[Sajid Khan]], [[Sajid–Wajid|Wajid Khan]], [[Miss Pooja]], [[Sachin (actor)|Sachin]], [[Jigar]]
| Special Appearance
|
|-
| 54
| 9 October 2016
|[[Raza Murad]], [[Radhika Apte]], [[Tannishtha Chatterjee]], [[Pradeep Rawat (actor)|Pradeep Rawat]], [[Prem Chopra]]
| Special Appearance, ''[[Parched]]''
|
|-
| 55
| 15 October 2016
| [[Teriya Magar]], [[Gracy Goswami]], [[Spandan Chaturvedi]], [[Siddharth Nigam]], [[Ruhanika Dhawan]], [[Darsheel Safary]], Preetjyot Singh, [[Salman Khan]]
| [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (Season 9)|''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa'' (Season 9)]] wild card entries, children's special, ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 10)|Bigg Boss 10]]''
|
|-
| 56
| 23 October 2016
| [[Ranbir Kapoor]], [[Karan Johar]]
| ''[[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil]]''
|
|-
| 57
| 30 October 2016
| [[Arbaaz Khan]], [[Archana Puran Singh]], [[Minnisha Lamba]], [[Dino Morea]]
| Special Appearance
|
|-
| 58
| 6 November 2016
| [[Jwala Gutta]], Deepa Karmakar, Devendra Jhanjharia, [[Sushil Kumar (wrestler)]]
| Special Appearance
|
|-
| 59
| 13 November 2016
| [[Neha Sharma]], [[Aditya Seal]], [[Aashim Gulati]], [[Anubhav Sinha]], [[Ankit Tiwari]], [[Ranvir Shorey]], [[Neha Dhupia]], [[Prarthana Behere]], [[Swapnil Joshi]]
| ''[[Tum Bin 2]]'', ''[[Fuge]]'', ''[[Moh Maya Money]]''
|
|-
| 60
| 20 November 2016
| [[Sana Khan]], [[Helen (actress)|Helen]], [[Bindu (actress)|Bindu]], [[Gurmeet Chaudhary]]
| Special Appearance, ''[[Wajah Tum Ho]]''
|
|-
| 61
| 27 November 2016
|[[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]], [[Sonakshi Sinha]], [[Tahir Bhasin]]
|Special Appearance, ''[[Force 2]]''
|
|-
| 62
| 29 November 2016
| [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]], [[Raftaar]]
|Special Appearance
|
|-
| 63
| 4 December 2016
| [[Mudassar Khan]], [[Surveen Chawla]], [[Sanjeev Kapoor]], [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Vaani Kapoor]]
| Special Appearance, ''[[Befikre]]''
|
|-
| 64
| 18 December 2016
| [[DJ Akbar Sami]], [[Pooja Bose]], [[Himesh Reshammiya]], [[Asrani]], [[DJ Aqeel]]
| ''[[Aap Se Mausiiquii]]''
|
|-
| 65
| 15 January 2017
| [[Anu Malik]], [[Tanisha Mukherjee]]
|
|
|-
| 66
| 23 January 2017
| [[Shahrukh Khan]]
| ''[[Raees (2017 film)|Raees]]''
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Colors Programmes}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Comedy Nights Bachao}}
[[Category:2015 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian stand-up comedy television series]]
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]
[[Category:Television series by Optimystix Entertainment]]

Thirumagan Evera

2026-01-15T16:00:39Z

Rakshasingh12:

{{Short description|Indian politician (died 2022)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Thirumahan Everaa.E.
| birth_date = {{birth date|1976|2|29|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and given age|2023|01|4|46|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Erode]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 11 May 2021
| term_end = 4 January 2023
| constituency = [[Erode East Assembly constituency|Erode East]]
| party = [[Image:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|24px]] [[Indian National Congress]]
| predecessor = [[K. S. Thennarasu]]
| successor = [[E. V. K. S. Elangovan]]
| parents = [[E. V. K. S. Elangovan]] (father)
| relations = [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy|"Periyar" E. V. Ramasamy]] (great-grand-uncle) [[E. V. Krishnasamy]] (great-grandfather) [[E. V. K. Sampath]] (grandfather)
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] [[Economics]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Madras]]
| image =
| children = Samanna Everaa (daughter)
}}

'''Thirumagan Evera''' (29 February 1976 - 4 January 2023) was an Indian politician from the [[Indian National Congress]]. He served as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], representing [[Erode East Assembly constituency|Erode East]] from May 2021<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election) |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211222055805/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC098.pdf |url= https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC098.pdf|access-date= 2 May 2022 |archive-date=22 Dec 2021}}</ref> up until his death in January 2023.

== Early life and education==
Evera was the son of [[E. V. K. S. Elangovan]], who served as [[First Manmohan Singh ministry#Ministers of State (Independent charge)|a Minister of State under Manmohan Singh]] (2004–09).<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-05-11|title=223 take oath as newly-elected MLAs of Tamil Nadu Assembly|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/223-take-oath-as-newly-elected-mlas-of-tamil-nadu-assembly/article34534723.ece|access-date=2021-10-15|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Evera obtained a [[Bachelor of Arts]] (B.A) degree in [[Economics]] from the [[University of Madras]] in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thirumahan Everaa, E.(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- ERODE EAST(ERODE) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/TamilNadu2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=1032 |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Elections contested ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Election
! Constituency
! Party
! Result
! Vote %
! Runner-up
! Runner-up Party
! Runner-up vote %
! Ref.
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|bgcolor=#98FB98 | [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]] || [[Erode East Assembly constituency|Erode (East)]]|| [[Indian National Congress|INC]] || Won ||44.27% || M.Yuvaraja|| [[Tamil Maanila Congress|Tamil Maanila Congress (M)]] (contested in Double leaves symbol)|| 38.41%|| <ref name=":0" />
|}

== Family ==
His daughter Samanna Everaa is an [[Equestrianism|equestrian]] athlete, who became the youngest gold medallist at the Concours de Dressage Nationals 2024 conducted by the [[Equestrian Federation of India]] (EFI) at the Surge Stable Centre in [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=DTNEXT |date=2024-09-25 |title=Concurs de Dressage Nationals: Samanna becomes youngest to win elementary category medal |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/sports/concurs-de-dressage-nationals-samanna-becomes-youngest-to-win-elementary-category-medal-805150 |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=DT Next |language=en}}</ref>

== Death ==
On 4 January 2023, Evera suffered chest pains while at his house in Erode. He was taken to a hospital but died on the way. He was 46.<ref>[https://www.oneindia.com/india/thirumagan-evera-great-grandson-of-periyar-ev-ramasamy-dies-of-cardiac-arrest-3507400.html Thirumagan Evera, great-grandson of Periyar EV Ramasamy, dies of cardiac arrest]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=V. Senthil Kumaran|date=Jan 4, 2023 |title=Thirumagan Evera Death News: Erode East MLA Everaa E Thirumahan passes away {{!}} Chennai News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/erode-east-mla-everaa-e-thirumahan-dies/articleshow/96733394.cms |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Evera, Thirumagan}}
[[Category:1970s births]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Erode district]]

{{TamilNadu-INC-politician-stub}}

Tahir Hussain Gayavi

2026-01-15T11:40:16Z

Rakshasingh12: new

{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar (1947–2023)}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| honorific_prefix = Maulana
| name = Tahir Hussain Gayavi
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1947|4|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Kābar, [[Konch (community development block)|Konch]], Gaya district, Bihar, British India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2023|7|10|1947|4|12|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Arrah]], Bhojpur district, Bihar, India
| religion = [[Islam]]
|denomination = [[Sunni Islam]]
|movement = [[Deobandi]]
|Madh'hab = [[Hanafi]]
|creed = [[Maturidi]]
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Jamia Mazharul Uloom, Banaras]]|[[Mazahir Uloom, Saharanpur]]|[[Darul Uloom Deoband]]|Jamia Arabia, Jama Masjid ([[Amroha]])|[[Aligarh Muslim University]]}}
| known_for = Founding Darul Uloom Husainia, Palamu district
}}

'''Tahir Hussain Gayavi''' (1947–2023), also written as '''Tahir Hussain Gayawi''' or '''Tahir Gayavi''', was an Indian [[Hanafi]] [[Deobandi]] Islamic scholar and educator. He is noted for his writings and public speeches on [[Islamic Theology (Aqidah)|Islamic theology]], particularly in the areas of refutation of religious innovations ([[Bid'ah|bidʻah]]) and defense of [[Sunni orthodoxy]].

== Early life and education ==
Tahir Hussain Gayavi was born on 12 April 1947 (20 Jumada al-Awwal 1366 AH) in the village of Kābar, [[Konch-block|Konch block]], Gaya district, Bihar (then part of British India).<ref name="Noori">{{cite book |last=Gayavi |first=Syed Tahir Hussain |title=Shahid-e-Karbala aur Kirdar-e-Yazid |trans-title=The Martyr of Karbala and the Character of Yazid|url=https://archive.org/details/shaheed-e-karbala-aur-kirdar-e-yazeed-karbala-book-ramin-014007 |publisher=Naeemia Book Depot|location=Deoband |year=2018 |pages=8–9 |language=ur |chapter=Muallif ka Mukhtasar Taaruf by Muhammad Naushad Noori Qasmi|trans-chapter=Brief introduction of the author by Muhammad Naushad Noori Qasmi}}</ref><ref name="Amini">{{cite book |last=Amini |first=Noor Alam Khalil|author-link=Noor Alam Khalil Amini|title=Raftagan Na-Rafta |trans-title=Those Who Passed Yet Remain |publisher=Idara-e-Ilm-o-Adab |location=Deoband |year=2021 |pages=127–129 |language=ur |chapter=1969 ki Darul Uloom ki Strike|trans-chapter=The 1969 Darul Uloom Deoband's strike|isbn=978-93-5457-133-6}}</ref>

He studied up to Arabic grade three at Madarsa Anwar al-Uloom in [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], then continued at [[Jamia Mazharul Uloom, Banaras|Madarsa Mazharul Uloom, Banaras]], where he also passed the "Maulvi" exam under the Allahabad Board with first division.<ref name="Noori" /><ref name="Amini" /> After spending a year at [[Mazahir Uloom, Saharanpur]], he was admitted to [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] in 1967. His education there was interrupted during the 1969 student strike.<ref name="Amini" /><ref name="Nayab">{{cite book |last=Hasan |first=Nayab|title=Ek Shakhs Dilruba Sa |trans-title=A Captivating Personality |publisher=Markazi Publications |location=New Delhi |year=2022 |edition=1st |pages=213 |language=ur |chapter=1969 ki Darul Uloom ki Strike |trans-chapter=The 1969 Strike at Darul Uloom}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hasan |first=Nayab |date=2023-07-10 |title=مولانا سید طاہر حسین گیاوی کی رحلت |trans-title=The passing away of Maulana Syed Tahir Hussain Gayavi |url=https://qindeelonline.com/maulana-tahir-husain-gayavi/ |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=Qindeel |language=ur}}</ref>

He later completed his hadith studies at Jamia Islamia, Jama Masjid, [[Amroha]] in 1970 upon the advice of [[Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad]].<ref name="Noori" /><ref name="Hasti">{{cite book |last=Azmi |first=Ijaz Ahmad |title=Hikayat-e-Hasti |trans-title=The Tale of Existence|url=https://archive.org/details/BestUrduBooks16/HIKAYAT-E-HASTI/page/n252/mode/1up |publisher=Kutub Khana Naeemia |location=Deoband |year=2015 |edition=2nd |pages=253–255 |language=ur}}</ref> He also passed "Ālim" and "Fāzil" exams from the Allahabad Board and received the "Adeeb-e-Kamil" certificate from [[Aligarh Muslim University]] with first division.<ref name="Noori" /><ref name="Amini" />

== Career ==
After completing his studies, Gayavi taught for nearly nine years in various institutions in Banaras, including Madarsa Islamia Reori Talab, Banaras.<ref name="Noori" /><ref>{{Cite journal |date=December 2023 |editor-last=Nadvi |editor-first=Saeed-ur-Rahman Azmi |editor-link=Saeed-ur-Rahman Azmi Nadvi |title=الشيخ طاهر حسين الغياوي إلى رحمة الله تعالى |trans-title=Maulana Tahir Hussein Gayavi passed away |url=https://albasulislami.com/4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87/ |journal=[[Al-Baas El-Islami]] |language=ar |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=99–100}}</ref> In 1984 (1404 AH), he founded Darul Uloom Hussainia in [[Palamu district]], which was then part of [[Bihar]] (now [[Jharkhand]]). He later established another institution of the same name in Sundru, [[Lohardaga district]], Jharkhand, both of which are recognized as prominent religious seminaries.<ref name="Amini" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Munazir-e-Islam Hazrat Maulana Syed Tahir Hussain Gyavi ka Sanihah Irtihaal |trans-title=The Passing of Munazir-e-Islam Hazrat Maulana Syed Tahir Hussain Gyavi |url=https://urduleaks.com/192585/ |website=Urdu Leaks |date=10 July 2023 |language=ur |access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tasdeeqnama Darul Uloom Hussainia, Sundru, Lohardaga |url=https://www.jamiat.org.in/masters/search_tasdeeqnama/353 |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=jamiat.org.in |language=en}}</ref>

Gayavi actively participated in theological debates and was known for his engagement in inter-sect polemics. His notable debates occurred in [[Jharia]], [[Cuttack]], and [[Katihar]].<ref name="Noori" />

== Literary works ==
Gayavi authored several works, mostly in Urdu, on Islamic jurisprudence and theology. Some of his published books include:<ref name="Wazahati">{{cite book |last1=Narang |first1=Gopi Chand |author-link=Gopi Chand Narang |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4rxVAAAAYAAJ&q=%D8%B7%D8%A7%DB%81%D8%B1+%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86+%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C |title=Wazahati Kitabiyat |last2=Hanfi |first2=Muzaffar |author-link2=Muzaffar Hanfi |publisher=[[National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language]] |year=1980 |volume=22 |location=New Delhi |page=364 |language=ur |trans-title=Annotated Bibliography}}</ref><ref name="Faizan">{{cite book |last=Qasmi |first=Javed Ashraf |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/faizan-e-darul-uloom-deoband-javed-ashraf-qasmi-ebooks |title=Faizan-e-Darul Uloom Deoband |publisher=Madarsa Ubayy ibn Ka'b |year=2000 |location=Mewat, Haryana |pages=144, 184 |language=ur |trans-title=The Legacy of Darul Uloom Deoband}}</ref><ref name="Khalili">{{cite book |last=Qasmi |first=Muhammadullah Khalili |url=https://archive.org/details/darul-uloom-deob-ki-jamey-wa-mukhtasar-tareekh-edition-2 |title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Jame' o Mukhtasar Tareekh |publisher=Shaikhul Hind Academy |edition=3rd|date=October 2020 |location=Deoband |page=342 |language=ur |trans-title=A comprehensive and brief history of Darul Uloom Deoband |author-link=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi|oclc=1345466013}}</ref>

* ''Ismat-e-Anbiya aur Maulana Maududi''
* ''I'jaaz-e-Qurani''
* ''Raza Khanit ke Alamatī Masā'il''
* ''Al-Adad al-Sahih fi Raka'at al-Tarawih''
* ''Namazon ke Baad ki Dua''
* ''Shahid-e-Karbala aur Kirdar-e-Yazid''
* ''Muqtadi par Fatiha Wajib Nahin''
* ''Angusht Bosi se Bible Bosi tak''
* ''Tark-e-Taqleed Ek Bidat Hai'' (Urdu translation of ''Bida'at-u-Tark al-Madhāhib al-Fiqhiyyah'' by Adeeb al-Kamdāni)
* ''Barelwiyat ka Sheesh Mahal''
* ''Mas'ala-e-Qudrat''
* ''Hadith-e-Thaqalayn''
* ''Khutbat-e-Munazir-e-Islam''<ref name="Habib">{{cite web |last=Azmi |first=Habib |date=11 July 2023 |title=Munazir-e-Islam Molana Syed Tahir Hussain Gyavi |trans-title=Molana Syed Tahir Hussain Gyavi – A Profile |url=https://deobandonline.com/ur/archives/3412 |access-date=21 June 2025 |website=Deoband Online}}</ref>

== Death ==
Gayavi died on 10 July 2023 (21 Dhu al-Hijjah 1444 AH) in [[Arrah]], Bhojpur district, Bihar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Munazir-e-Islam Hazrat Molana Syed Tahir Hussain Gayavi ka Sanihah Irtihaal |trans-title=The Passing of Molana Syed Tahir Hussain Gayavi |url=https://urdu.thehindustangazette.com/scenes-of-islam-the-tragedy-of-maulana-syed-tahir-hussain-gyavi/ |access-date=21 June 2025 |work=The Hindustan Gazette |language=ur}}</ref><ref name="ETV">{{cite news |date=11 July 2023 |title=Gaya ke Ma'aruf Aalim-e-Deen Molana Syed Tahir Hussain Gyavi ka Inteqal |trans-title=Well-known Scholar from Gaya Passes Away |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/urdu/national/state/bihar/maulana-syed-tahir-hussain-gyavi-a-well-known-religious-scholar-of-gaya-passed-away/na20230711111311489489208 |access-date=21 June 2025 |work=[[ETV Bharat News]] |language=ur}}</ref> His funeral prayer was held the next day after [[Maghrib prayer]] at Wali Ganj Haveli Mosque in Arrah, followed by burial at the local cemetery in Rauzah Ganj.<ref name="ETV" />

Sanaul Huda Qasmi, Deputy Administrator of [[Imarat-e-Shariah]], described Gayavi's death as a significant loss for Islamic scholarship. He stated that Gayavi had dedicated over five decades to advocating the Hanafi school of thought and the Deobandi tradition, particularly in India and among related scholarly circles.<ref name="Tarjaman">{{cite web |last=Qasmi |first=Sanaul Huda |date=10 July 2023 |title=مناظر اسلام حضرت مولانا سید طاہرگیاوی صاحب کا انتقال علمی دنیا کا بڑا خسارہ |trans-title=Munazir-e-Islam Hazrat Maulana Syed Tahir Gayavi's Death is a Great Loss to the Academic World |url=https://qaumitarjuman.com/maulan-tahir-gayavi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711001316/https://qaumitarjuman.com/maulan-tahir-gayavi/ |archive-date=2023-07-11 |access-date=21 June 2025 |website=Qaumi Tarjuman |language=ur}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Gaya district]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Hanafis]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:21st-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Indian Islamic religious leaders]]

Atul Bhansali

2026-01-08T01:29:26Z

Rakshasingh12: creating biography.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}

'''Atul Bhansali''' (born 20 October 1970)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Biography - Atul Bhansali - District Vice President BJP |url=http://www.atulbhansali.com/biography/ |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=Atul Bhansali |language=en-US}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Rajasthan]]. He is a member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] from [[Jodhpur Assembly constituency]] in [[Jodhpur district]]. He won the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atul Bhansali, BJP Election Results LIVE: Latest Updates On Atul Bhansali, Assembly Election Constituency Seat |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/rajasthan/assembly-election-candidates-list-2023/atul-bhansali-20128-1 |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Bhansali is from [[Jodhpur]], Rajasthan. He is the son of Hanwant Chand Bhansali and Vimala Devi Bhansali. He married Nupur Bhansali.<ref name=":0" /> He completed his CA in 1995 at the [[Institute of Chartered Accountants of India]]. Earlier, he did BCom at a college affiliated with [[University of Jodhpur]] in 1990. He is a chartered accountant and runs his own firm where his wife is also a director.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atul Bhansali(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- JODHPUR(JODHPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Rajasthan2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=232 |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Bhansali won from Jodhpur Assembly constituency representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election. He polled 71,192 votes and defeated his nearest rival and sitting MLA, [[Manisha Panwar]] of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 13,525 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jodhpur Assembly Election Results 2023: Jodhpur Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/rajasthan/jodhpur-assembly-result-20128 |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> In the [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]], he lost to Panwar of the Congress by a margin of 5,849 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-03 |title=Jodhpur constituency election result 2023: BJP's Atul Bhansali wins as Manisha Pawar loses ground |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jodhpur/jodhpur-rajasthan-constituency-assembly-election-result-2023-atul-bhansali-leads-manisha-pawar-in-vidhan-sabha-chunav/articleshow/105695790.cms |access-date=2025-03-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jodhpur Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: Atul Bhansali of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/jodhpur-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8687560.html |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhansali, Atul}}
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Jodhpur]]
[[Category:Indian accountants]]

Manish Arora (officer)

2026-01-07T08:04:25Z

Rakshasingh12: Starting the article nd citations

{{Short description|Indian Air Force officer,recipeint Shaurya Chakra and Vir Chakra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}

{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Group captain (India)|Group Captain]]
| name = Manish Arora
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=IND|size=90%|VrC|SC}}
| allegiance = {{IND}}
| branch = {{air force|India}}
| serviceyears = 18 June 2005 – present
| rank = [[Group captain (India)|Group Captain]]
| servicenumber = 28462 F(P)
| battles = [[2025 India–Pakistan conflict]]
| awards = [[Vir Chakra]] [[Shaurya Chakra]]
}}

[[Group Captain]] '''Manish Arora''', {{small|[[VrC]], [[Shaurya Chakra|SC]]}} is an officer of the [[Indian Air Force]] and a recipient of both the [[Vir Chakra]] and the [[Shaurya Chakra]].<ref name="webPres">{{Cite web |title=President approves 127 Gallantry awards, 40 Distinguished Service awards on eve of Independence Day |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2156515 |website=Press Information Bureau |date=14 August 2025 |access-date=22 October 2025}}</ref>

== Military career ==
Arora was commissioned into the Indian Air Force in 2005.<ref name="br">{{Cite web |title=Service Record for Wing Commander Manish Arora 28462 F(P) |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/28462 |website=Bharat-Rakshak |access-date=22 October 2025}}</ref>

On 4 February 2010, as a [[flight lieutenant]], Arora executed a recovery of a [[fighter aircraft]] after a [[Canopy walkway|canopy burst]] while at high altitude. Despite sustaining serious injuries, he retained control, recovered the aircraft and brought it safely back to [[Air force base|base]]. For this act he was awarded the [[Shaurya Chakra]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaurya Chakra: Flt Lt Manish Arora (28462 F(P)) — citation details |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/28462 |website=Bharat-Rakshak |access-date=22 October 2025}}</ref>

In 2025, during the [[2025 India–Pakistan conflict]], Arora served as a mission leader for strike missions. These penetrated contested airspace and reportedly struck high-value targets. For his leadership and gallantry during those missions he was among the [[Indian air force|IAF]] personnel awarded the [[Vir Chakra]]. <ref name="webPres" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=15 Vir Chakras awarded for Op Sindoor, 9 go to IAF pilots |url=https://theprint.in/defence/15-vir-chakras-awarded-for-op-sindoor-9-go-to-iaf-pilots-who-struck-pakistani-terror-camps/2721461/ |website=ThePrint |date=14 August 2025 |access-date=22 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 Air Force Officers Awarded Vir Chakra For Bravery During Op Sindoor |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/9-air-force-officers-awarded-vir-chakra-for-contributions-during-op-sindoor-9087025 |website=NDTV |date=14 August 2025 |access-date=22 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vir Chakra for nine IAF pilots for daring strikes on Pakistani terror camps |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Aug/15/nine-iaf-four-army-personnel-get-vir-chakra-for-role-in-operation-sindoor-2633452.html |website=New Indian Express |date=15 August 2025 |access-date=22 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Medal citations detail Op Sindoor intricacies |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/medal-citations-detail-op-sindoor-intricacies-101761072771881.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=22 October 2025 |access-date=22 October 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arora, Manish}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Air Force officers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Vir Chakra]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shaurya Chakra]]

DD National Kidz Island

2026-01-06T13:52:03Z

Rakshasingh12: Made new stub w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian Television Series}}
{{onesource|date=May 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| alt_name = Kidz Island : Nanha Dweep
| image =
| caption =
| runtime = 30 minutes
| presenter = Richa Tiwari
| executive_producer =
| director =
| creator =
| composer =
| num_seasons = 1
| language = Hindi
| country = India
| location = Delhi, India
| network = [[DD National]]
| first_aired =
| last_aired =
| num_episodes =
}}

'''''Kidz Island''' (or '''Kids Island''')'' is an Indian [[educational program]] for kids which airs on [[DD National]] in India, featuring Indian actress Richa Tiwari and former child actor Karan Bhyana on a regular basis to host the show.<ref name=Glamhunt>{{cite web|title=Glamhunt : RichaTiwari|url=https://www.glamhunt.com/Richa.Tiwari|publisher=Glamhunt|accessdate=16 Jan 2016|archive-date=30 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930154325/https://www.glamhunt.com/Richa.Tiwari|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Overview==
The main theme of the show is to educate kids with fun on their island. In the show, Richa talks about issues like dental care, [[ayurveda]], etc. with special guests. Different quizzes are played with kids invited onto the show.

Some Clips of the show:

* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irp409bgoLA (2010)
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WEwNZ1Cbwc (2012)
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qg0JQWv-Dro (2011)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Children television series in India}}

[[Category:DD National original programming]]
[[Category:Indian children's television series]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Delhi]]
[[Category:Children's education television series]]

Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Coimbatore)

2025-12-28T02:00:30Z

Rakshasingh12: New

{{Short description|Multi-purpose stadium in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox venue
| name = Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Coimbatore)
| nickname =
| image = Jawaharlal Nehru stadium, coimbatore.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| image_caption = The stadium on a matchday of [[I-League]] in 2018
| fullname = Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium
| location = [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|11.006626|76.969475|display=inline,title}}
| broke_ground =
| built =
| opened = 1971
| renovated = 2008, 2017<ref name="renov">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sports/coimbatore-to-host-ileague-matches-this-season/article9967657.ece|title=Chennai City FC gear up for I-League|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=20 November 2017}}</ref>
| expanded =
| closed =
| demolished =
| owner = [[Coimbatore Municipal Corporation]]
| operator = [[Coimbatore Municipal Corporation]]
| surface = Synthetic track
| construction_cost =
| architect =
| structural_engineer = M. Abdul Jabbar
| services_engineer =
| general_contractor =
| project_manager =
| main_contractors =
| former_names =
| tenants = [[Chennai City FC|Chennai City]] (till 2022)
| seating_capacity = 30,000

}}

'''Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium''' is a [[multi-purpose stadium]] located in [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India. Constructed in 1971, It is currently used mostly for [[association football|football]] matches. The stadium has a capacity of 30,000 spectators.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://stadiumdb.com/stadiums/ind/nehru_stadium_coimbatore|title=Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Coimbatore – StadiumDB.com|website=stadiumdb.com}}</ref> The stadium was used as the home ground of [[I-League]] club [[Chennai City FC]] for its I-League seasons.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/chennai-city-to-stay-at-kovai-for-next-5-years/articleshow/62202998.cms|title=Chennai City to stay at Kovai for next 5 years|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/i-league-2017-18-what-does-the-season-have-in-store|access-date=2020-03-03|title=I-League 2017/18 : What does the season have in store?|language=en|website=sportskeeda.com|author=Sayak Dipta Dey|date=17 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303034726/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/i-league-2017-18-what-does-the-season-have-in-store|archive-date=3 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/2023-03-indian-football-chennai-city-fc-owners-transfer-sporting-license|title=Chennai City FC owners transfer sporting license|date=3 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|website=khelnow.com|first=M|last=Sudharshan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303065613/https://khelnow.com/football/2023-03-indian-football-chennai-city-fc-owners-transfer-sporting-license|archive-date=3 March 2023}}</ref> It is named after the first Prime Minister of India, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].

==Location==
Located in the heart of Coimbatore, near [[VOC Park Stadium|V.O.Chidambaram Park]], Nehru Stadium is a popular venue for football tournaments, cricket matches, and athletic meets. Famous matches here are [[Santosh Trophy]] in 1978 and 1992, the Federation Cup in 1979 and 1991. International competitions include a visit by the Russian team to play matches against India in 1978.

==Facilities==
The stadium is equipped with floodlights for conducting day and night matches. It has also a 400 m athletic track with football/hockey field.

Provisions were also made for dressing rooms, conference hall, cloakrooms, bath facilities for players and athletes, a mini-hospital and many more. A tunnel was even planned from the main entrance to take the athletes to the stadium without disturbing the track events. Also, for the construction of indoor games hall, swimming pool, ticket booths, electronic scoreboard, canteen room, public telephone booth and press and telex-printer service rooms. But nothing came up because only commercial establishments made the best use of the stadium's outer ring.

When constructed in 1971, it was to reach a capacity of 45,000 people with 30,000 on the lower tier and further 15,000 on the second, mounted above. Unfortunately, the plan was never carried out completely, leaving the venue with single-tiered spectator terraces.

The only reminder of the plans is concrete blocks sticking out from the terracing throughout the perimeter of the ground. In three parts of the stadium – main stand and two curves – they were indeed used, but only to provide a roof over of spectators.

==Renovation==
No seats were installed despite Nehru Stadium having a significant renovation in 2008. The ground is open for everyone and providing high-quality training facilities was given priority over event infrastructure.

The stadium was again renovated in 2017 by Chennai City FC, with grass turf and installed seats on main stands when they have chosen it as a home stadium.<ref name="auto"/> In 2017–18, Chennai City Football Club renovated the Nehru Stadium, Coimbatore with new Pitch and also built new dressing rooms, broadcasting rooms, match official rooms, dope control rooms and medical rooms with necessary shower facilities and repaired all toilets and gates of the stadium.

Chennai City Football Club adopted the Nehru Stadium, Coimbatore. Most importantly Chennai City Football Club has given a new playable football stadium with all amenities to Tamil Nadu and India to host national level matches. Chennai City has spent about Rs 3 crore in improving the infrastructure at Coimbatore, and they have re-laid the pitch with Bermuda grass that will vastly improve the playing surface.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/13765-i-league-2017-18-aiff-help-chennai-city-improve-the-coimbatore-pitch|title=AIFF help Chennai City improve the Coimbatore pitch|newspaper=thefangarage|date=9 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/chennai-city-fc-gear-up-for-i-league/articleshow/61726346.cms|title=Chennai City FC gear up for I-League|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=20 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="renov"/>

==See also==
* [[List of football stadiums in India]]
* [[Sports in Tamil Nadu]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [http://www.sportyindia.com/events/venueevents/2-coimbatore-nehru-stadium Sporty India]

{{Sports venues in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Multi-purpose stadiums in India]]
[[Category:Athletics venues in India]]
[[Category:Football in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Football venues in India]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Coimbatore]]
[[Category:1971 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 1971]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

INS Kuthar (P46)

2025-12-11T18:11:56Z

Rakshasingh12: adjusted information to improve readability and fixed typos for consistency

{{other ships|INS Kuthar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Short description|Khukri class corvette}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image = INS Kuthar P46.JPG
| image_caption = INS ''Kuthar''
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
| hide_header =
| country =
| flag = {{shipboxflag|India|naval}}
| name = INS ''Kuthar''
| namesake = "Battle axe"
| ordered =
| builder = [[Mazagon Dock Limited]]
| laid_down = 13 September 1986
| launched = 15 April 1989
| acquired =
| commissioned = 7 June 1990
| decommissioned =
| in_service =
| out_of_service =
| struck =
| reinstated =
| identification = *{{IMO Number|9000008}}
*{{MMSI Number|419100120}}
*[[Maritime call sign|Callsign]]: VVWK
*[[Pennant number]]: P46
| honours =
| fate =
| status = Active
| notes =
| badge =
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| header_caption =
| class = {{sclass|Khukri|corvette}}
| displacement = 1350 tons (full load)
| length = 91.1 metres
| beam = 10.5 metres
| draught = 4.5 metres
| draft =
| propulsion = *2 diesel engines with 14,400hp
*2 shafts
| speed = {{convert|25|kn|km/h|-1}}
| range = {{convert|4,000|nmi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|16|kn|km/h|-1}}
| complement = 79 (incl. 10 officers)
| sensors = *MR 352 Pozitiv-E radar
*Garpun-Bal radar
*Bharat 1245 navigation radar
| EW =
| armament = *4 × P-20M ([[P-15 Termit|SS-N-2D]]) [[Anti-ship missile|AShMs]]
*2 × [[Strela 2|Strela-2M]] (SA-N-5) [[Surface-to-Air Missile|SAM]]
*1 × [[AK–176]] 76mm gun
*2 × 30mm [[AK-630]] guns
| armour =
| armor =
| aircraft = 1 helicopter ([[HAL Chetak]])
| aircraft_facilities =
| notes =
}}
}}

'''INS ''Kuthar'' (P46)''' is a {{sclass|Khukri|corvette}}, currently in service with the [[Indian Navy]]. It was designed by Indian naval architects and built at the [[Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders|Mazagon Dock]] in [[Mumbai]]. ''INS Kuthar'' was part of [[Western Naval Command]] till 1998 later it moved to be part of [[Eastern Naval Command]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/navy-welcomes-students-aboard-ins-kuthar/article5334983.ece|title=Navy welcomes students aboard INS Kuthar|date=10 Nov 2013|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> It was damaged in a mishap that occurred on 15 July 2014. The mishap occurred after the naval ship returned to its base in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Command]] in rough weather after completing a mission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2014 |title=INS Kuthar damaged in mishap, navy orders probe |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/7qjQKSDFkhOk2PjRaB1xnM/INS-Kuthar-damaged-in-mishap-navy-orders-probe.html |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=Livemint}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The INS Kuthar is named after a kuthar, the [[Hindi]] word for a handheld battle axe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khukri Class Corvettes |url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/khukri-class |website=Indian Navy}}</ref>

==Service history==
On 3 March 2025, ''Kuthar'' arrived at the [[Port of Colombo]], Sri Lanka, on an official visit under the command of Commander Nitin Sharma. The vessel is scheduled to depart the island on 6 March 2025 upon completing its mission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-03 |title=INS Kuthar calls Port of Colombo |url=https://news.navy.lk/eventnews/2025/03/03/202503031600/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304173806/https://news.navy.lk/eventnews/2025/03/03/202503031600/ |archive-date=2025-03-04 |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=news.navy.lk}}</ref>

==Maritime exercise==
* ''Kuthar'' was one of the six ships of [[Eastern Naval Command]] which was part of a naval exercise in the [[Bay of Bengal]] on the eve of Navy week celebrations in the year 2005.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/11/24/stories/2005112408380400.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140324174001/http://www.hindu.com/2005/11/24/stories/2005112408380400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 March 2014|title=Eastern Naval Command exercises thrill children to the core|date=24 Nov 2005|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
* Missile corvette ''Kuthar'' along with [[INS Satpura|INS ''Satpura'']] and [[INS Ranvijay|INS ''Ranvijay'']] represented the [[Indian Navy]] in the first ever Japan-India maritime exercise (JIMEX) which was held in the [[Bay of Bengal]] from 19 December to 22 December 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=First Maritime Exercise between Japan and India Set for Today|date=19 December 2013 |url=http://navaltoday.com/2013/12/19/first-maritime-exercise-between-japan-and-india-set-for-today/|publisher=Naval Today}}</ref>
* Between 28 March and 2 April 2025, ''Kuthar and'' {{INS|Rana|D52}} participated in [[INDRA (naval exercise)|Exercise INDRA]] with the [[Russian Navy]]'s ''Pechanga'' ({{Sclass|Dubna|tanker|4}}), ''Rezkiy'' ({{Sclass|Steregushchiy|corvette|4}}), ''[[Russian corvette Hero of the Russian Federation Aldar Tsydenzhapov|Aldar Tsydenzhapov]]'' ({{Sclass|Steregushchiy|corvette|4}}).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-28 |title=INDIAN AND RUSSIAN NAVIES SET FOR THE 14th EDITION OF MARITIME BILATERAL EXERCISE – INDRA 2025 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2116181 |access-date=2024-04-02 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>

==Incidents==
* [[Sub-lieutenant|Sub Lieutenant]] Tejveer Singh died on Tuesday October 11, 2016 onboard the INS Kuthar after he accidentally fired his 9mm pistol. Singh fired the round accidentally at around 1430 hours and was injured. He was then shifted to Naval Hospital INHS Kalyani in [[Visakhapatnam]] where he succumbed to his injuries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/indian-navy-officer-dies-in-ins-kuthar-due-to-accidental-firing-3077514/|title=Indian Navy officer dies in INS Kuthar due to accidental firing|last=|first=|date=11 October 2016|website=|publisher=The Indian Express|access-date=}}</ref>
* The Kuthar collided with the destroyer [[INS Ranvir]] in the Bay of Bengal in August 2009. The reason for the collision was found to be a [[rudder]] failure, further compounded by a flawed naval maneuver.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mayday: INS Sindhurakshak's destruction underlines a growing trend of naval warship losses, primarily due to human error |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20130902-ins-sindhurakshak-naval-warship-defence-minister-ak-antony-765330-1999-11-29 |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Corvettes of the Indian Navy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kuthar (P46)}}
[[Category:Khukri-class corvettes]]
[[Category:Corvettes of the Indian Navy]]
[[Category:1989 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in India]]

Murshidabad Junction railway station

2025-12-02T20:40:48Z

Rakshasingh12:

{{Short description|Railway station in West Bengal, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox station
| name =[[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] {{font color|blue|MURSHIDABAD JUNCTION. }}
| other_name =
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express train]] and [[Slow and fast passenger trains in India|Passenger train]] station
| image = Murshidabad Railway Station - Murshidabad 2017-03-28 6587.JPG
| caption = Entrance
| address = [[Lalbag subdivision|Lalbagh]], [[Murshidabad district]], [[West Bengal]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|24.176921|N|88.281628|E|format=dms}}
| elevation = {{cvt|24|m}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Eastern Railway zone]]
| line = [[Sealdah–Ranaghat–Krishnanagar–Berhampore–Lalgola line|Sealdah-Lalgola line]]
[[Nashipur Rail Bridge|Murshidabad- Azimganj link line]]
| platform = 3
| tracks = 4
| other =
| accessible = {{Access icon|20px}}
| parking = {{color|green|Available}}
| structure = [[Intersection_(road)#At_grade_railways|At grade]]
| classification = '''NSG-4'''
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = '''MBB'''
| zone = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Sealdah}}
}}
| status = {{color|green|Active}}
| closed =
| former = [[East Indian Railway Company]]
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| passengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways
|line=Eastern Railway zone|left=Cossimbazar|right=Nashipur Road|to-left=Sealdah|to-right=Lalgola|type=[[Sealdah–Ranaghat–Krishnanagar–Berhampore–Lalgola line|Sealdah-Lalgola line]]
|line2=Eastern Railway zone|left2=|right2= Azimganj Junction|to-left2=|to-right2=|type2=[[Nashipur Rail Bridge|Murshidabad- Azimganj link line]]}}
| route map=
| map_locator =
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map
| mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail}}
}}
'''Murshidabad Junction''' is a railway station on the [[Sealdah–Ranaghat–Krishnanagar–Berhampore–Lalgola line|Sealdah-Lalgola line]] and is located at Lalbagh, [[Murshidabad]] in [[Murshidabad district]] in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Railway Stations {{!}} District Murshidabad {{!}} India |url=https://murshidabad.gov.in/public-utility-category/railway-station/page/3/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
[[Ranaghat–Krishnanagar City–Lalgola line|Ranaghat–Lalgola branch line]] was opened in 1905 during British reign.<ref>{{Cite web |title=[IRFCA] Murshidabad District (1914) |url=https://www.irfca.org/docs/history/murshidabad.html |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=www.irfca.org}}</ref>

== Electrification ==
The 128 km long Krishnanagar–Lalgola stretch was electrified in 2004 for [[Electric multiple unit|EMU]] services.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

== Infrastructure ==
The railway station has three platforms after the installation of a double railway track. The No. 1 platform is connected to {{rws|Azimganj Junction}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Murshidabad Railway Station Map/Atlas ER/Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/murshidabad-junction-mbb/1169 |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>

== Extension ==
For the shortest route between [[Siliguri]] and [[Kolkata]], Railway Ministry of India had attempted to connect Murshidabad with {{stnlnk|Azimganj Junction}}. The bridge named as [[Nashipur Rail Bridge]] over the [[Bhagirathi River]] was built decade ago. But due to land acquisition problems, the work of connecting these two stations couldn't be completed. The work has resumed again in November, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Work on Nashipur railway bridge resumes |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/work-on-nashipur-railway-bridge-resumes/cid/1903216 |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> After work completed in February 2024, the Nashipur bridge is now commissioned from March 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-08 |title=Darj Mail set to run on new route from March, save travel time by 90 mins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/darj-mail-set-to-run-on-new-route-from-march-save-travel-time-by-90-mins/articleshow/105828723.cms |access-date=2024-05-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Rail Ministry reports say that this bridge will minimise the travel distance between [[Sealdah]] and [[Siliguri]] by {{convert|20|km|mi}} as well as saving 20–25 minutes of travel time. Murshidabad is now officially a [[Junction (rail)|Junction]] Railway Station.

== Current Mail/Express/EMU/MEMU trains ==
* SDAH-LGL [[Bhagirathi Express]] Daily Service
* KOAA-LGL [[Hazarduari Express]] Daily Service
* SDAH-JPG [[Sealdah - Jalpaiguri Road Humsafar Express]] Weekly service
* KOAA-SANG [[Kolkata–Sairang Express]] Three days a week
* KOAA-LGL [[Dhano Dhanye Express]] Four days a week
* SDAH-LGL [[Fast Passenger]] Daily Service
* SDAH-LGL MEMU Passenger Daily Service
* KOAA-LGL MEMU Passenger Daily Service<ref>{{Cite web |title=MURSHIDABAD Railway Station {{!}} मुर्शिदाबाद रेलवे स्टेशन {{!}} MBB रेलवे स्टेशन – NDTV.in |url=https://ndtv.in/railway-enquiry/murshidabad-mbb-railway-station |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=ndtv.in |language=hi}}

|title=MURSHIDABAD Railway Station <nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki> मुर्शिदाबाद रेलवे स्टेशन {{!}} MBB रेलवे स्टेशन – NDTV.in |url=https://ndtv.in/railway-enquiry/murshidabad-mbb-railway-station<nowiki> |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=ndtv.in |language=hi}}</nowiki></ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Murshidabad Junction railway station}}
* [http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/murshidabad-mbb/1169 Murshidabad Railway Station]

{{Kolkata Suburban Railway, Eastern}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Murshidabad district]]
[[Category:Sealdah railway division]]
[[Category:Kolkata Suburban Railway stations]]
[[Category:Transport in Murshidabad]]

{{WestBengal-railstation-stub}}

The Manticore's Secret

2025-11-09T19:27:52Z

Rakshasingh12:

{{short description|2005 novel by Samit Basu}}
{{about|the 2005 fantasy novel|other uses of "The Manticore"|The Manticore (disambiguation)}}
{{Multiple issues|{{Long plot|date=May 2010}}
{{Needs more citations|date=April 2025}}}}
{{Infobox book | 
| name = The Manticore's Secret
| image = Manticore cvr.jpg
| caption = Cover to the first edition of ''The Manticore's Secret''
| author = [[Samit Basu]]
| cover_artist =
| country = India
| language = English
| series = The Gameworld Trilogy
| genre = [[Fantasy novel]]
| publisher = [[Penguin Books]]
| release_date = 2005
| pages = 536 pp (paperback edition)
| isbn = 0-14-400067-9
| preceded_by = [[The Simoqin Prophecies]]
| followed_by = [[The Unwaba Revelations]]
}}
'''''The Manticore's Secret''''' (2005) is the second novel in [[Indian people|Indian]] fantasy author [[Samit Basu]]'s<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Manticore's Secret (Pt. 2) {{!}} ISBNdb |url=https://isbndb.com/book/9780144000678 |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=isbndb.com}}</ref> GameWorld trilogy.

==Characters==
{{main|Characters in the Gameworld Trilogy}}
* Myrdak, of the house of Aegos, a [[List of Ravians|ravian]] [[warrior]].
* Peori, of the house of Hanash, a ravian warrior, wise and strong, a scholar as well as a warrior.
* Behrim, [[veteran]] of the great war was assigned the task of slaying Danh Gem reborn, destroying the [[Rakshasa|rakshas]] lords and thus restoring the [[honour]] of the ravians.

==Plot summary==
The book begins initially by showing the return of the ravians to the world, which they now call Obiyalis. The vamans loyal to the ravians (called the rebel union of marginal labour) and Manticore open the ravian portal to this world. Three champions of the ravians, Myrdak, Peori and Behrim, promptly kill the vamans so as to make sure there are no traitors to inform the world of the return of the ravians.

Meanwhile in the newly constructed dark tower of Izakar, Kirin is facing trouble. Most of his council of rakshases are issuing mad orders in his name, while all he wanted was to stop the war. Aciram warns Kirin of the return of the ravians and their plan to take over the earth. It seems that they are more dangerous to the humans now than to the dark lord. Nasud, a cousin of Kirin, grows tired of Kirin's peace efforts and declares a kin strife. Kirin kills him with a lightning bolt.

Meanwhile in Kol, a secret society of the [[Shapeshifting|shapeshifters]], called the Rainbow Council, prepare to battle against the [[Mind control in popular culture|mind-controlling]] foes who threaten history. Many Hero and villain guilds are formed in Kol in the wake of Kirin's ascension as dark lord. Arathognan (or Thog the barbarian) was one of these. In one of these encounters, Thog kills four jaykinis who were trying to eat children. However he notices that he is being followed by a mysterious girl, later revealed to be Peori.

Asvin and Maya have fallen in love. Maya is now having doubts about Kirin, who was her former best friend. Asvin, however is eager to battle the hordes of the dark lord and still believes the ravians to be noble heroes who would save humanity.

Red, the shapeshifter, is part of the rainbow council. She had named two voices in her head and was never able to make up her mind about anything. It is also revealed here that the heart of Kol and the seven Hero mirrors where actually created by the shapeshifters although earlier they had been credited to lord Simoqin.

The ravians Myrdak and Peori attack the palace of Kol one night with the intention of kidnapping Maya and using her to get rid of Kirin. They encounter the Silver Dagger and battle with the shapeshifters but finally manage to escape with Maya. Asvin and Red (in the guise of Rukmini) follow her to the great forest of Vrihataranya. Red falls in love with Asvin on the way (although this may be because of the alter ego Rukmini she had named in her mind).

In the meanwhile Behrim, whose task had been to [[Assassination|assassinate]] the dark lord is shocked to learn that the dark lord is in fact Kirin. In an attempt to talk to Kirin, he is detected by the rakshases but barely managed to escape. However he is then caught by the werewolves who nearly kill him. He is healed within the dark tower, where he tells Kirin that it is his destiny to become a great leader of the ravians.

Peori visits Ararthogorn and reveals to him that he is a descendant of the kings of Kol. She points out that he had the amulet that proved it so. She told him of the existence of a third Simoqin prophecy, that when the dark lord rose, the true king of Kol would return and with his hands strike down the evil powers which ruled Kol. She convinces him to assassinate Lady Temat. Thog tries to infiltrate the labyrinth but is easily caught.

Meanwhile, Maya has managed to escape from Myrdak and is lost in the forest. She comes across some little fat men, whom she initially suspected to be dangerous but turned out to be harmless. They arrive at the temple of the black Star, where Myrdak recaptures her.

Myrdak challenges dark lord Kirin to a duel, knowing he would come to rescue the girl he loved.

Kirin seeks the advice of Behrim, who states flatly that he could not be defeated in an open duel as he was the greatest ravian warrior alive. Behrim rather suggests that they go to Asroye and seek help from the ravian council. Kirin agrees to this and leaves on a dragon along with Behrim, ignoring pleas by Aciram. As soon as Kirin leaves, Aciram, who probably aspired for the throne of Danh-Gem himself, takes on Kirin's face.

Rakshases in the forest attack Myrdak and Maya manages to escape from the manticore. She takes shelter in Vanarpuri but Myrdak finds her. She escapes again with the help of Djongli and arrives at a peculiar place guarded by knights of Ventelot, called the Desolate Gard. Myrdak finally catches up with Maya and tells her that it was a ravian portal, and the nundu would give its blood to activate it. Maya then meets the unwaba, who tells her about the gods playing with this world. Myrdak leaves for his duel with Kirin.

Kirin and Behrim arrive at the ravian outpost of Epsai, only to find it deserted. Behrim realizes that Myrdak and Peori are [[Treason|traitors]] to the council and the ravians had not yet returned in their numbers. Both of them feel very tired and want to play with some apparently harmless little fat men. However these creatures turn out to be monsters, who eat only ravian. Behrim is devoured by them but Kirin is saved by Qianzai, mother of dragons. It is revealed that these creatures are these world's response to the arrival of the ravians. He then goes along to the duel.

Meanwhile in Kol, Peori has successfully infiltrated the [[labyrinth]] but runs into some [[Minotaur|minotaurs]]. She underestimates them and one of them gashes her. The Dagger appears and tells her they have some scores to settle. Peori raises the splintered glass to kill the dagger but Steel-bunz, who was small enough not to figure as dangerous nipped her from behind. This momentary distraction enabled the Dagger to throw his [[dagger]] and kill her.

Asvin is guided by a firebird to the temple of the black star. Red keeps a watch on him. when he is attacked by the manticore, she changes it into a frog.

Kirin's duel with Myrdak, which lasted for many hours resulted in Myrdak getting the upper hand, even though Kirin was armed with his shadowknife and his rakshas powers. After some time Asvin appears. He initially decides to fight against Kirin as he was the son of Danh Gem, however he realized that Myrdak was only interested in getting his armor and turned upon him. Myrdak whirled his sword in a blur and cut off his head. The duel continued.

Myrdak then pushes Kirin into a state of trance duel, in which Kirin had no experience at all. He wins the trance duel, but as he emerges back into the real world intending to strike Kirin down, the shapeshifter Red kills him with his own sword.

==Theme elements==
{{Original research section|date=May 2010}}
The book is similar to its prequel and the first book of the series in terms of the writing style and the thematic exploration undertaken. The emerging theme elements include the distinction between [[good and evil]], the subjectivity of history and the animosity between races, to name a few. There are many cultural references, which range from those to [[The Beatles]], to [[Star Wars]] to those to traditional games played by kids in [[Bengal]]. The universe created by the author encompasses elements from Indian mythology with those from other mythologies. The resulting setting and the characters add to the element of humor in the series.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://obiyalis.blogspot.com/2005/01/manticores-secret-prologue.html Prologue]: The Manticore's Secret
* [https://samitbasu.blogspot.com/2006/01/manticores-secret-timeout-mumbai.html Review] in TimeOut Mumbai
* [http://www.dnaindia.com/sunreport.asp?Newsid=1009969 Review] in DNA India
* [http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/Mar52006/books15833200632.asp Review] in Deccan Herald

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manticores Secret, The}}
[[Category:2005 Indian novels]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy novels]]
[[Category:Gameworld Trilogy]]

Mahi B. Chowdhury

2025-11-03T13:34:36Z

Rakshasingh12: added info

{{short description|Bangladeshi politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{infobox officeholder
| name = Mahi B Chowdhury
| native_name = মাহি বি চৌধুরী
| native_name_lang = bn
| image = Mahi B. Chowdhury (1) (cropped).jpg
| caption = Chowdhury in 2018
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|03|13|df=y}}
| office = [[Member of Parliament (Bangladesh)|Member of Parliament]]
| constituency = [[Munshiganj-1]]
| parliament = Bangladesh
| term_start = 29 January 2019
| predecessor = [[Sukumar Ranjan Ghosh]]
| constituency1 = [[Munshiganj-1]]
| term_start1 = 2002
| term_end1 = 27 October 2006
| successor1 = [[Sukumar Ranjan Ghosh]]
| predecessor1 = [[A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury]]
| party = [[Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh]]
| education = Political science
| spouse = Ashfa Haque Lopa
| father = A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury
| relatives = [[Kafiluddin Chowdhury]] (grandfather)
| otherparty = [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] {{small|(2001–2004)}}
| alma_mater = [[Santa Clara University]]
| term_end = 7 January 2024
}}
'''Mahi Badruddoza Chowdhury''' (born 13 March 1970)<ref>{{cite web |title=Constituency 171_11th_En |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/current-mp-s/list-of-11th-parliament-members-english?layout=edit&id=3731 |website=Bangladesh Parliament}}</ref> is a Bangladeshi politician and former [[Jatiya Sangsad]] member representing the [[Munshiganj-1]] constituency. He is currently the joint secretary general of the party [[Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh]] (BDB).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/city/youths-dont-want-politics-violence-1628287|title=Youths don't want politics of violence|date=2018-09-03|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref> He is the son of former President [[A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury]].<ref name=weary/>

==Background==
Chowdhury is the son of former [[President of Bangladesh]] [[A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury]] and former [[First Lady of Bangladesh|First Lady]] Hasina Warda Chowdhury. He has two sisters, Muna and Shaila.<ref name=bdnews>{{cite web|url=http://bdnews24.com/politics/2014/02/18/khaleda-visits-ailing-b-chowdhury|title=Khaleda visits ailing B Chowdhury|publisher=bdnews24.com|date=18 February 2014}}</ref>

Chowdhury completed his [[bachelor's degree]] in [[political science]] from [[Santa Clara University]] in California, United States.<ref name=arab/>

==Career==
Chowdhury first joined the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] (BNP) in August 1992.<ref name=alternate>{{Cite news |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/03/11/d4031101011.htm|title=Former president launches alternative platform at rally in Muktangon today|work=The Daily Star|date=2004-03-11|access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref> He was first elected to the parliament in the 2002 by-election from [[Munshiganj-1]] constituency when the seat became vacant after his father, [[A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury]], became [[president of Bangladesh]].<ref name=weary>{{cite news |title=Munshiganj-1 polls tomorrow: Weary voters ready for third time |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/2004/06/05/d40605011010.htm |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=2004-06-05|access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref>

On 21 June 2002, Chowdhury's father resigned from the presidency after facing the possibility of impeachment and removal from office by the BNP-led parliament. Subsequently, Chowdhury resigned from BNP on 10 March 2004 and joined the [[Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh]] (BDB) – a political party founded by his father.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/05/09/d4050901077.htm|title=B'Chy launches political party Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh to 'unite nation'|work=The Daily Star|date=2004-05-09|access-date=2023-08-05}}</ref> This resignation left a void in the [[Munshiganj-1]] constituency and a by-election was held on 6 June 2004.<ref name=weary/> Chowdhury competed as a member of the BDB party from the same constituency and won the election defeating the BNP candidate Momin Ali.<ref name=arab>{{Cite news|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/250777|title=BNP Loses By-Election|date=2004-06-08|work=Arab News|access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/06/07/d4060701011.htm|title=Mahi sweeps back to parliament|work=The Daily Star|date=2004-06-07|access-date=2018-10-16|archive-date=17 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017123532/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/06/07/d4060701011.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In November 2003, state-owned [[Bangladesh Television]] (BTV) suspended transmission of two programmes, a talk-show ''Ananda Ghanta'' and a drama-play ''Uttaradhikar'', from the production company Entertainment Republic, owned by Chowdhury.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2003/11/21/d3112101099.htm|title=Mahi decries BTV attitude|work=The Daily Star|date=2003-11-21|access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref>

In 2007, Chowdhury was briefly involved with the [[Liberal Democratic Party (Bangladesh)|Liberal Democratic Party]] (LDP).<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/06/30/d70630011712.htm |title=Mahi, Khokon for election without symbols |work=The Daily Star |access-date=2018-10-16 |date=2007-06-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://bdnews24.com/politics/it-s-formal-now-ldp-splits |title=It's formal now, LDP splits |work=bdnews24.com |date=2007-07-21 |access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref>

In June 2012, Chowdhury expressed favorable views of [[Khaleda Zia]], the leader of his previous party, BNP, by saying "Khaleda Zia is the symbol of unity and strength. She always led from the front whenever the country was in a crisis and the people were in distress. Now, she is leading the people's movement pressing for a neutral and non-partisan government."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://bdnews24.com/politics/2012/06/11/bikalpadhara-joins-forces-with-bnp |title=Bikalpadhara joins forces with BNP |work=bdnews24.com |date=2012-06-11 |access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref>

In April 2015, Chowdhury contested for the mayoral election of [[Dhaka North City Corporation]] and finished third with 12,809 votes, compared to [[Bangladesh Awami League]] candidate [[Annisul Huq]]'s 460,117 and BNP candidate Tabith Awal's 325,080 votes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/mahi-vie-dncc-mayor-post-73941|title=Mahi to vie for DNCC mayor post|date=2015-03-26|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.clickittefaq.com/al-backed-annisul-huq-won-dhaka-north-mayoral-poll/|title=AL-backed Annisul Huq voted the mayor of Dhaka North|work=The Daily Ittefaq|date=2015-04-29|access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref><ref name=city>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/new-generation-city-79033|title=A 'new generation city'|date=2015-04-24|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2015/04/28/annisul-huq-ahead-in-dhaka-north |title=Annisul Huq ahead in Dhaka North |work=bdnews24.com |date=2015-04-28 |access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref>

In August 2019, the [[Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)|Anti-Corruption Commission]] (ACC) interrogated Chowdhury on allegations of money laundering and accumulation of illegal wealth.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/dhaka/2019/08/25/acc-questions-mahi-b-chowdhury-over-money-laundering-allegations |title=ACC questions Mahi B Chowdhury over money laundering allegations |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=25 August 2019 |access-date=29 May 2021}}</ref> Chowdhury denied any wrongdoing.<ref>{{cite news |title=ACC asks Bikalpadhara lawmaker Mahi, wife to submit wealth statements |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/118823/acc-asks-bikalpadhara-lawmaker-mahi-wife-to-submit-wealth-statements |work=New Age |date=13 October 2020}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Chowdhury is married to Ashfa Haque Lopa.<ref name=visits>{{cite news |url=http://bdnews24.com/politics/2014/02/18/khaleda-visits-ailing-b-chowdhury |title=Khaleda visits ailing B Chowdhury |work=bdnews24.com |date=2014-02-18 |access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-08-04 |title=ACC summons Mahi B Chowdhury, his wife |url=https://barta24.com/details/National/48288/acc-summons-mahi-b-chowdhury--his-wife |access-date=2023-08-06 |work=Barta24 |language=en}}</ref> Together they have a son, Araz B Chowdhury, and daughter Scherezade Chowdhury.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mahi B Chowdhury's son allegedly beats traffic police |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/post/449473/Mahi-B-Chowdhury%E2%80%99s-son-allegedly-beats-traffic-police |access-date=2023-08-06 |work=Daily Sun |date=December 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowdhury, Mahi B.}}
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh politicians]]
[[Category:8th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:11th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:Santa Clara University alumni]]
[[Category:Children of presidents of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Majidpur Dayhata]]
[[Category:Politicians from Dhaka Division]]

Sanggaiyumpham, Thoubal

2025-11-02T09:08:34Z

Rakshasingh12:

{{About|a village in [[Thoubal district]]|the Meitei royal residence in the [[Kangla Fort]]|Sangai yumpham}}
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name =
Sangaiyumpham (Sangaiyumpham)
| official_name = Sangaiyumpham
| native_name = {{langx|mni|Sangāiyūmpham}}
| native_name_lang = mni 
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Village 

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| subdivision_type = Country
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Thoubal district]] 

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}}
'''Sangaiyumpham''' {{Meitei|ꯁꯡꯒꯥꯏ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ|ba=সাঙ্গাইয়ুমফম}} is a village in [[Thoubal district]], [[Manipur]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sangaiyumpham Pin Code, Sangaiyumpham, Thoubal Map, Latitude and Longitude, Manipur |url=https://indiamapia.com/Thoubal/Sangaiyumpham.html |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SANGAIYUMPHAM Pin Code - 795148, Nil All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search THOUBAL Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/manipur/thoubal/sangaiyumpham-pincode-795148.html |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=}}</ref>

Jk

== See also ==
* [[Kakching]]
* [[Moirang]]
* [[Imphal]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web |title=Sangaiyumpham Hr. Sec. School (Govt) {{!}} Thoubal District, Government of Manipur {{!}} India |url=https://thoubal.nic.in/public-utility/sangaiyumpham-hr-sec-school-govt/ |access-date=2022-09-29 |language=en-IN}}

[[Category:Thoubal district]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{Manipur-stub}}

Pondicherry Football Association

2025-09-29T17:01:21Z

Rakshasingh12:

{{Short description|State governing body of Football in Pondicherry}}
{{Infobox sport governing body
|name = Pondicherry Football Association
|abbrev = PFA
|logo = Pondicherry Football Association.svg
|sport = [[Association football|Football]]
|jurisdiction = {{flagicon image|Banner of Puducherry.png}} [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|founded = {{Start date and age|1962}}<ref>[https://indiankanoon.org/doc/40326024/ B.Thiruchandiran vs Pondicherry Football Association on 14 October, 2022]. ''Indiankanoon''</ref>
|aff = [[All India Football Federation]] (AIFF)
|headquarters = [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]]
|membership = 4 district associations
|president = D. Nestor
|secretary = S. Dhanasegar
|url =
}}

The '''Pondicherry Football Association''' is the [[association football|football]] governing body for [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], [[India]]. It is affiliated with the [[All India Football Federation]], the national governing body.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pondicherry Football Association |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/association/514 |website=[[All India Football Federation]] |access-date=23 February 2022 }}</ref> It sends state teams for [[Santosh Trophy]] and [[Rajmata Jijabai Trophy]].

==State teams==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
===Men===
*[[Pondicherry football team]]
*[[Pondicherry under-20 football team]]
*[[Pondicherry under-15 football team]]
*[[Pondicherry under-13 football team]]
{{col-2}}

===Women===
*[[Pondicherry women's football team]]
*[[Pondicherry women's under-19 football team]]
*[[Pondicherry women's under-17 football team]]
{{col-end}}

==Affiliated district associations==
All 4 district of Pondicherry are affiliated with the '''Pondicherry Football Association'''.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! No. !! Association !! District
!President
|-
| 1 || Karaikal District Football Association || [[Karaikal district|Karaikal]]
|
|-
| 2 || Mahe District Football Association || [[Mahe district|Mahe]]
|
|-
| 3 || Puducherry District Football Association || [[Puducherry district|Puducherry]]
|
|-
| 4 || Yanam District Football Association || [[Yanam district|Yanam]]
|
|}

==Competitions==
===Men's===
*Pondicherry Men's League<ref>{{cite web|title=Pondicherry Men's League Championship-2022 |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/15244|website=aiff.com |access-date=29 December 2022 }}</ref>

===Women's===
*Pondicherry Women's League<ref>{{cite web|title=Pondicherry Women's League |url=https://theawayend.co/pondicherry-womens-league/ |website=The Away End |access-date=23 February 2022 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of Indian state football associations]]
*[[Football in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Football in India}}
{{Indian state football associations}}

[[Category:Football in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Football governing bodies in India]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Pondicherry]]
[[Category:Sports organizations established in 1962]]

{{footy-stub}}

Mallapur

2025-09-16T02:41:59Z

Rakshasingh12: reworked structure for consistency and improved wording after review

{{other uses|Mallapuram (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mallapur
| other_name =
| native_name = Mallapuram
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Neighbourhood]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.45|N|78.57|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Medchal-Malkajgiri]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 500076
| registration_plate = TG
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mallapur''', also known as '''Mallapuram''' before the 2000s {{according to whom|date=November 2024}}, is a neighbourhood in [[Hyderabad]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Telangana]]. It falls under [[Uppal Kalan|Uppal mandal]] of [[Medchal-Malkajgiri]] district. It is administered as [[Hyderabad Corporation zones, circles and wards|Ward No. 5]] of [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation wards|url=https://www.ghmc.gov.in/Documents/Wards.pdf|access-date=2020-07-01|website=[[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]]|archive-date=15 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615000938/https://www.ghmc.gov.in/Documents/Wards.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Climate ==

{{Climate chart
|Mallapur
|14.7|28.6|3.2
|17.0|31.8|5.2
|20.3|35.2|12.0
|24.1|37.6|21.0
|26.0|38.8|37.3
|23.9|34.4|96.1
|22.5|30.5|163.9
|22.0|29.6|171.1
|21.7|30.1|181.5
|20.0|30.4|90.9
|16.4|28.8|16.2
|14.1|27.8|6.1
|source=[http://www.worldweather.org/066/c00530.htm World Weather Information Service]
|float=right
|clear=none
}}
Mallapur, Hyderabad has a [[tropical savanna climate]] with hot summers from late February to early June, the monsoon season from late June to early October and a pleasant winter from late October to early February. In the evenings and mornings the climate is generally cooler because of the city's good elevation. Hyderabad gets about 32 inches (about 810 mm) of rain every year, almost all of it concentrated in the monsoon months. The highest temperature ever recorded was 45.5 o C (113.9 °F) on 2 June 1966, while the lowest recorded temperature was 6.1o C (43 °F) on 8 January 1946.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Weatherbase
| url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=82134&refer=&units=metric
| title = Historical Weather for Hyderabad, India
| access-date = 2008-10-03}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Municipal wards of Hyderabad, India]]

Brahma Vaivarta Purana

2025-06-12T03:45:28Z

Rakshasingh12: fixed issues

{{Short description|Sanskrit scripture, One of major eighteen Puranas}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox religious text
| image = File:Brahmavaivarta Purana.jpg
| caption = A manuscript of the Brahma Vaivarta Purana
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| language = [[Sanskrit]]
| verses = 18,000
| chapters = 276
| volumes = 4
|author=[[Vyasa]]}}
{{Hindu scriptures}}
The '''''Brahmavaivarta Purana''''' ({{langx|sa|ब्रह्मवैवर्त पुराण}}; {{IAST|Brahmavaivarta Purāṇa}}) is a voluminous [[Sanskrit]] text and one of the major [[Puranas]] (''Maha-purana'') of [[Hinduism]].{{Sfn|Dalal|2014|p=83}} It is an important [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] text. This Purana majorly centers around the Hindu deities [[Radha]] and [[Krishna]].{{sfn|Rocher|1986|p=163}}{{sfn|Hazra|1987|p=166}}{{sfn|Monier-Williams|1992|p=740|loc=entry on ''[https://andhrabharati.com/dictionary/sanskrit/index.php?w=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4 Brahmavaivarta]''}}

Although a version may have existed in late 1st millennium CE, its extant version was likely composed in the [[Bengal]] region of Indian subcontinent in 15th-16th century.{{Sfn|Dalal|2014|p=83}}{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|p=163}}{{Sfn|Hazra|1987|p=166}} Later, it was likely revised somewhere in South India.{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|p=163}} Numerous versions of this Purana exist and are claimed to be the part of manuscripts of the ''Brahmavaivarta Purana'' or the ''Brahmakaivarta Purana''.{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|pp=161, 163-164}}

The text is notable for identifying [[Krishna]] as the supreme reality and asserting that all gods such as [[Vishnu]], [[Shiva]], [[Brahma]], [[Ganesha]] are one and the same and in fact, all are the incarnations of Krishna.{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|pp=161, 163}} Goddesses like [[Radha]], [[Durga]], [[Lakshmi]], [[Saraswati]] and [[Gayatri|Savitri]] are asserted to be equivalent and are mentioned as the incarnations of [[Nature|Prakruti]] in this text, with legends similar to those found in the [[Devi-Bhagavata Purana]] and the [[Devi Mahatmya]].{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|pp=161-162}} The text is also notable for glorifying the feminine aspect of god through [[Radha]] and its egalitarian views that all women are manifestations of the divine female, co-creators of the universe, and that any insult to a woman is an insult to goddess Radha.{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|p=163}}{{Sfn|Gietz|1992|pp=248-249|ps=, with note 1351}}

The mythology and stories of ''Brahmavaivarta Purana'', along with [[Bhagavata Purana]], have been influential to the Krishna-related Hindu traditions, as well as to dance and performance arts such as the [[Rasa Lila]].{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|pp=161-163}}{{Sfn|Kinsley|1979|pp=112-117}}{{sfn|Richmond|Swann|Zarrilli|1993|pages=177–181}}

In this Purāna, Radha (or Rādhikā), who is inseparable from Krishna, appears as the main goddess. She is the personification of the [[Prakṛti|mūlaprakriti]], the "root nature", that original seed from which all material forms evolved. In the company of the [[Purusha]] ("Man", "Spirit", "Universal soul") Krishna, she is said to inhabit the [[Goloka]], which is a world of cows and cowherds far above the [[Vishnu]]'s [[Vaikuntha]]. In this divine world, Krishna and Radha relate to one another in the way body relates to soul. (4.6.216){{sfn|Dimitrova|Oranskaia|2018}}

== History ==
[[File:Rasa Lila in Manipuri dance style.jpg|thumb|The ''Brahmavaivarta Purana'', along with [[Bhagavata Purana]], have influenced performance arts and cultural celebrations in India, such as with ''Rasa Lila'' in [[Manipur]] above.]]
This text is mostly legends, worship, mythology and drama during the life of Radha and Krishna, with discussion of ethics, dharma, four stages of life and festivals embedded as part of the plot.{{Sfn|Dalal|2014|pp=83-84}}{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|pp=162-163}}{{Sfn|Hazra|1987|pp=166-167}} The specific details in this Purana show the influence or knowledge of events traced to mid 2nd-millennium CE developments associated with [[Tantra]] and [[Bhakti]] saints such as [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|Chaitanya]] and others.{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|pp=162-164}} This text is unlike the encyclopedic style found in almost all other major Puranas, and for these reasons, predominant portions of this Purana are likely to be a 15th or 16th century composition.{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|pp=162-164}}

The text very likely existed much earlier, and the older version likely was complete in the 8th to 10th century period.{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|pp=162-164}}{{Sfn|Hazra|1987|pp=166-167}} A version probably existed by 700 CE, adds Hazra.{{Sfn|Hazra|1987|p=167}} However, in its history, this Hindu text also underwent major revisions, over the centuries.{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|pp=162-164}}{{Sfn|Hazra|1987|pp=166-167}} This text was likely revised in the Bengal region of South Asia.{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|pp=162-164}} Another related text, called ''Brahmakaivarta Purana'', also relatively modern but traced to South India, exists in many versions.{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|pp=162-164}} There are a few manuscripts titled ''Adi brahmavaivarta purana'', of unclear date of composition, proposed as the older possibly original Purana, but these are very different from the ''Brahmavaivarta Purana'' text generally considered one of the 18 Mahapuranas.{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|p=164|ps=, with footnote 162}}

The older version of the ''Brahmavaivarta Purana'' was once influential in its own way, because Nibandha authors of 15th and 16th century quoted nearly 1,500 lines in texts such as the ''Smriti Candrika'', which they claimed is in this Purana.{{Sfn|Hazra|1987|pp=166-167}} However, only 30 of these lines are found in the extant manuscripts of ''Brahmavaivarta Purana'' suggesting massive rewrite of the original Purana over its history, in or after the 15th or 16th century.{{Sfn|Hazra|1987|pp=166-167}}

The text includes [[Smriti]] chapters that, states Hazra, were likely inserted into the text after the 16th century.{{Sfn|Hazra|1987|pp=166-167}} This modern content includes chapters on "mixed castes, duties of women, duties of varna, duties of individuals during their ''[[Ashrama (stage)|ashrama]]'' (stages of life), worship and glorification of Brahmins, theory of hell in after-life, and religious gift giving for merit".{{Sfn|Hazra|1987|pp=166-167}} The only Smriti chapters in currently surviving manuscripts, that can be found in older versions of this text are two, namely 4.8 and 4.26.{{Sfn|Hazra|1987|pp=166-167}} These relate to ''[[vrata]]''.{{Sfn|Hazra|1987|pp=166-167}}{{efn|A ''vrata'' is a personal ritual of making religious vow or resolve, sometimes with fasting or in presence of loved ones.}}

== Structure ==
[[File:Ganesha Basohli miniature circa 1730 Dubost p73.jpg|thumb|The third Khanda centers on Ganesha]]
The text has four ''Khandas'' (parts).{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|p=161}}

{| class="wikitable" align=center style = " background: transparent; "
|+ Sections in Brahmavaivarta Purana{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|p=161}}{{Sfn|Wilson|1864|pp=LXV-LXVII}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
| style="background: #ffcc00;" |Khanda
| style="background: #ffcc00;" |Number
| style="background: #ffcc00;" |Chapters
| style="background: #ffcc00;" |About
|-style="text-align: center;"
| style="background: #ffad66;" | Brahma
| 1
| 30
| [[Brahman]]
|-style="text-align: center;"
| style="background: #ffad66;" | Prakriti
| 2
| 67
| [[Devi]]
|-style="text-align: center;"
| style="background: #ffad66;" | Ganesha
| 3
| 46
| [[Ganesha]]
|-style="text-align: center;"
| style="background: #ffad66;" | Krishna
| 4
| 131 to 133
| [[Radha Krishna]]
|-style="text-align: center;"
| colspan="2"|Total
| 274 to 276
| style="background: #ffad66;" |Krishna
|}

The third ''khanda'' is called either ''Ganesha-khanda'' or ''Ganapati-khanda''.{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|p=161}}

The tradition and other Puranas assert that this Purana had 18,000 verses.{{Sfn|Wilson|1864|pp=LXV-LXVI}} The actual manuscripts have more than 18,000 verses, unlike other Puranas where they usually fall short.{{Sfn|Wilson|1864|pp=LXV-LXVI}}

The [[Padma Purana]] categorizes ''Brahma Vaivarta Purana'' as a [[Rajas]] Purana.{{Sfn|Wilson|1864|p=12}} Sanskrit scholar [[Ludo Rocher]] considers the ''Sattva-Rajas-Tamas'' classification as "entirely fanciful" and argues there is nothing in this text that actually justifies this classification.{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|p=21}}

== Content ==
{{Quote box
|quote = '''Weapons of the love god'''
<poem>
I give you the following weapons:
Enchanting,
Stupefying,
Maddening,
Fever-producing, and
Sense-depriving.
Please accept these and bewilder everybody.
With these, you will be irresistible.
</poem>
|source = —Brahma to [[Kama]] ''Brahmavaivarta Purana'', Chapter 4.35{{Sfn|Kinsley|1979|p=34}}
|bgcolor=#FFE0BB
|align = right
}}
The text's title ''Brahmavaivarta'' means "metamorphosis of [[Brahman]]", who is identified with Krishna.{{sfn|Monier-Williams|1992|p=740|loc=entry on ''[https://andhrabharati.com/dictionary/sanskrit/index.php?w=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4 Brahmavaivarta]''}}{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|p=163}} This Purana takes a view on the creation where the Brahman as Krishna creates the universe and is the universe.{{Sfn|Winternitz|1927|pp=567-568}}{{Sfn|Parmeshwaranand|2001|p=223}} The evolution and the nature of the universe is presented through the legend of [[Radha]] and Krishna in this Purana.{{sfn|Dimock|1963|p=106}} The seduction stories and legends of this text have attracted many scholarly studies.{{Sfn|Gietz|1992|pp=222-223|ps=, with note 1200}}{{Sfn|Kinsley|1979|pp=90-94}}

The first ''khanda'' (part) presents the theme that Krishna is the primordial creator, universal soul and supreme reality concept called Brahman.{{Sfn|Winternitz|1927|pp=567-568}}{{Sfn|Parmeshwaranand|2001|pp=222-223}} The second part presents ''Prakriti'' or matter, which through mythology is equated to five goddesses – [[Radha]], [[Durga]], [[Lakshmi]], [[Saraswati]] and [[Gayatri|Savitri]].{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|p=161}}{{Sfn|Winternitz|1927|pp=567-568}} However, many other goddesses are introduced,{{Sfn|Parmeshwaranand|2001|p=218}} but ultimately every goddess and feminine is asserted to be the same essence of Radha ([[Prakṛti|Prakriti]]).{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|p=161}}{{Sfn|Winternitz|1927|pp=567-568}} The third part presents [[Ganesha]], the highly popular elephant headed god, his life story along with that of his family and brother, and he is asserted to be an incarnation of Krishna as well.{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|pp=161-163}}{{Sfn|Winternitz|1927|pp=567-568}} The last part of this Purana is all about Radha and Krishna, painted with erotic themes, hymns, legends and mythology.{{Sfn|Rocher|1986|p=163}}{{Sfn|Winternitz|1927|pp=567-568}} Radha and Krishna are presented as inseparable, and Radha is described as the energy and power (''shakti'') of Krishna.{{Sfn|Winternitz|1927|pp=567-568}}

The Purana presents an egalitarian view towards women, wherein it asserts ideas such as, "all female beings have come forth out of the divine female" in chapter 4.13, and that "every insult to a woman is an offence against divine Rädhä" in ''Prakrti-khanda''.{{sfn|Gielen|2008|pp=177-193}} Along with equating all women with goddess Radha, the text equates all men with Krishna.{{Sfn|Gietz|1992|pp=248-249|ps=, with note 1351}} These sections may be from possible influences of the ancient Shaktism tradition of Hinduism.{{Sfn|Brown|1974}}

== Reception ==
[[File:Krishna-radha ardhanari.jpg|thumb|Ardhanarishvara form of [[Radha Krishna]]]]
The ''Brahmavaivarta Purana'' focuses on Vishnu and in particular Krishna like the ''Bhagavata Purana'', but its stories and legends have been far less popular than the ''Bhagavata'' text. Its style has been called "insipid, puerile",{{Sfn|Wilson|1864|p=LXVI-LXVII}} and its content and layout of a form so different from the other Puranas that Wilson wrote, "the ''Brahmavaivarta Purana'' has not the slightest title to be regarded as a Purana".{{Sfn|Wilson|1864|p=LXVI-LXVII}}

In contrast to Wilson's views, Parmeshwaranand states that this is a [[bhakti]] text oriented towards a mystical experience, and that this text, in its own way, tries to discuss religious and philosophical questions as in other religious works, such as duality and non-duality between God and the world.{{Sfn|Parmeshwaranand|2001|pp=222-223}}

The ''Brahmavaivarta Purana'' emphasizes the unity, interdependence and inseparability of the feminine and the masculine, through Radha and Krishna, across its various chapters, and through the concept of ''Ardhanari-Krishna'' (also called ''Ardha-radha-venudhara-murti''), a concept similar to [[Ardhanarishvara]] in Shaivism. This idea of Purana has been traced to an art work found in [[Maharashtra]] where a Krishna [[murti]] is sculpted as half man and half woman.{{sfn|Pradhan|2008|pp=207-213}}

The first part, ''Brahma-khanda'' of the ''Brahmavaivarta Purana'' was translated into [[Assam]]ese, and this manuscript has been dated to the early 19th century.{{sfn|Barnett|1933|pp=11-12|ps=, see the 2nd manuscript}}

The text is part of the Vaishnavism literature in Bengal, but is not considered a canonical scripture, states [[Edward C. Dimock|Edward Dimock]].{{sfn|Dimock|1963|pp=106-127}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist|20em}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Barnett |first1=L.D. |year=1933 |jstor=4421514 |title=Two Illustrated Assamese Manuscripts |journal=[[British Museum Quarterly|The British Museum Quarterly]] |volume=8 |issue=1|pages=10–12 |doi=10.2307/4421514 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Cheever Mackenzie |title=God as Mother: A Feminine Theology in India : an Historical and Theological Study of the Brahmavaivarta Purāna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GVwpAAAAYAAJ |year=1974 |publisher=C. Stark |isbn=978-0-89007-004-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Dalal |first=Rosen |year=2014 |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-8184752779 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC}}
* {{Cite book |editor1-last=Dimitrova |editor1-first=Diana |editor2-last=Oranskaia |editor2-first=Tatiana |title=Divinizing in South Asian Traditions |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2JgDwAAQBAJ |date=14 June 2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-12360-0}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Dimock |first1=Edward C. Jr. |author-link=Edward C. Dimock |year=1963 |title=Doctrine and Practice among the Vaiṣṇavas of Bengal |journal=History of Religions |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=106–127 |doi=10.1086/462474 |jstor=1062079 |s2cid=162027021}}
* {{cite journal |last=Gielen |first=Joris |title=The Theological Bearing of Puranic Stories: An enquiry into the presence of feminine theology in the Brahmavaivarta Purana |journal=Religions of South Asia |volume=2 |issue=2 |year=2008 |doi=10.1558/rosa.v2i2.177}}
* {{cite book |last1=Gietz |first1=K.P. |display-authors=et al |title=Epic and Puranic Bibliography (Up to 1985) Annotated and with Indexes: Part I: A - R, Part II: S - Z, Indexes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kgpLBpUCufwC |year=1992 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-03028-1}}
* {{cite book |last1=Hazra |first1=Rajendra Chandra |title=Studies in the Puranic Records on Hindu Rites and Customs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jar4V3piCeQC |orig-year=1940 |year=1987 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0422-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Kinsley |first=David R. |title=The Divine Player: A Study of Kṛṣṇa Līlā |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SYp8ZglBNysC |year=1979 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-0-89684-019-5}}
* {{cite book |last1=Monier-Williams |first1=Monier, Sir |author-link=Monier Monier-Williams |title=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages |date=1992 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |location=Delhi |isbn=9788120804548 |edition=4}}
* {{cite book |last=Parmeshwaranand |first=S.W. |title=Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas |volume=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6F0ZIBIL2ZAC |year=2001 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-226-3}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Pradhan |first1=Shrikant |year=2008 |jstor=42931207 |title=A unique image of Ardharadhavenudharamurti or Ardhanari Krishna |journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute |volume=68/69|pages=207–213 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Richmond |first1=Farley P. |last2=Swann |first2=Darius L. |last3=Zarrilli |first3=Phillip B. |title=Indian Theatre: Traditions of Performance |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OroCOEqkVg4C |year=1993 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0981-9}}
* {{cite book |last1=Rocher |first1=Ludo |author-link=Ludo Rocher |title=The Purāṇas |date=1986 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |isbn=3-447-02522-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Wilson |first=H.H. |author-link=Horace Hayman Wilson |title=Puranas |year=1864 |publisher=Read Books |url=https://archive.org/stream/puranasoraccount00wils#page/28/mode/2up |isbn=1-84664-664-2}}
* {{cite book |last1=Winternitz |first1=M. |translator1-last=Ketkar |translator1-first=S. |title=A History of Indian Literature |volume=1 |date=1927 |publisher=[[University of Calcutta]] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.97551#page/n603/}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080408110939/http://is1.mum.edu/vedicreserve/puran.htm Complete Brahma Vaivarta and other Puranas in Devanagari] (PDF; archived)

{{Puranas}}
{{Hindudharma}}

[[Category:Puranas]]
[[Category:Vaishnava texts]]
[[Category:Shaktism]]
[[Category:Krishna]]

Avijit Singha Roy

2025-06-06T18:27:02Z

Rakshasingh12: created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[List of Assam cricketers#R]]

{{r to list}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Avijit Singha}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Assam cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Guwahati]]

Parihara

2025-05-07T22:45:40Z

Rakshasingh12: New A Stub

{{short description|Village in Rajasthan, India}}
{{confused|Parihar (disambiguation){{!}}Parihar}}{{orphan|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Parihara
| population_total = 11,506<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parihara Village Population - Ratangarh - Churu, Rajasthan |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/70651-parihara-rajasthan.html |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>
}}
'''''Parihara''''' is a village in Panchayat [[Ratangarh, Churu|Ratangarh]], [[Churu district]] in the [[Bikaner]] region of [[Rajasthan]] state in North India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PARIHARA Village PARIHARA Panchayat RATANGARH Block, Churu, Rajasthan India BrandBharat.com |url=https://www.brandbharat.com/english/rajasthan/districts/Churu/Churu_RATANGARH_PARIHARA_PARIHARA.html |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=www.brandbharat.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Churu Village List by Tehsil {{!}} PDF |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/284049123/Churu-Village-List-by-Tehsil |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Scribd |language=en}}</ref>

== Governance ==
[[Ratangarh, Churu|Ratangarh]] is the Tehsil and [[Churu district|Churu]] the district of Parihara hamlet. The Churu parliamentary seat and the [[Ratangarh Assembly constituency|Ratangarh assembly constituency]] both include Parihara .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lalchand |title=Parihara Village Details - Ratangarh Churu Rajasthan |url=https://indiavillages.in/rajasthan/churu/ratangarh/parihara-village/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=indiavillages.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-14 |title=Area, pincode and population of Parihara village in Ratangarh tehsil of Churu, Rajasthan, India based on census of India 2011 |url=http://villageinindia.com/india/rajasthan/churu/ratangarh/ratangarh-parihara/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Village in India}}</ref>

== Education ==
Several government schools operate in the village and a private school was established in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GURUKUL INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL PARIHARA _ District Churu (Rajasthan) |url=https://schools.org.in/churu/08040602018/gurukul-international-school-parihara.html |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=schools.org.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Churu district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Churu district]]

Haryanvi people

2025-04-12T19:16:30Z

Rakshasingh12: typo fix

#REDIRECT [[Haryanvis]]

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K. Sriramakrishnaiah

2025-02-23T16:21:50Z

Rakshasingh12: Stub

{{Use Indian English|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
'''Kuditipudi Sriramakrishnaiah''' (కుడితిపూడి శ్రీరామకృష్ణయ్య) (3 March 1926 in Betapudi, [[Guntur district]] – 20 March 2002) was an irrigation engineer who was actively associated in most of the [[irrigation]] projects of [[Andhra Pradesh]] for 34 years before retirement from the state government service in the year 1983.

==Services==
In recognition of his capabilities, he was later appointed as "Officer on special duty " during the period 1984 to 1990, for executing the [[Telugu Ganga project]]. He also served as 'Adviser on irrigation projects' to government of Andhra Pradesh (1989), environmental appraisal committee member (1990 – 92) of Government of India, ‘[[Krishna River|Krishna]], [[Godavari River|Godavari]] and [[Penner River|Penna]] delta's drainage board' chairman (1995 – 97) and state planning commission member (1997 – till his death). During the 1990s, he devoted most of the time in advising his peers and educating the people on the irrigation and drinking water projects.
During the 1970s, he actively participated in the activities of Krishna and [[Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal|Godavari river water disputes tribunals]] representing the state of Andhra Pradesh. He authored many essays in both Telugu and English and the following books in English
*The story of [[Penner River|Penna basin]]
*Drought – [[Rayalaseema]]
*Exploitation of ground water in Rayalaseema
*Comprehensive master plan for drainage in [[Coastal Andhra|coastal belt]] of Andhra Pradesh,
*Utilization of [[Godavari River|Godavari water]] by lift
*Irrigation in ancient India.

==Recognition==
In recognition of his services, he was honored with 'National hydrology award' in 1987 by [[National Institute of Hydrology]], Roorkee and 'Honorary Doctorate' in 1989 by [[Sri Venkateswara University]]. After his death, the [[PABR Dam|Penna Ahobilam balancing reservoir]] was renamed in his honor as 'Dr. K. Sriramakrishnaiah Penna Ahobilam balancing reservoir'. Statues of him have been placed [[Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh|Anantapur]] city and on the banks of Brahmamgari Mattham reservoir in [[Kadapa district]].

== Memorial Trust==
The Dr. K. Sriramakrishnaiah Memorial Service Trust (డా.కె.శ్రీరామకృష్ణయ్య స్మారక సేవా సమితి – DKSSSS) was formed in the year 2002. The DKSSSS conducts educational and awareness enhancement programs every year and publishes many [[Telugu Language|Telugu]] books on irrigation topics. His birthday (3 March) is celebrated every year as Irrigation Day in Andhra Pradesh.

==See also==
* [[Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal]]
* [[Bharat Ratna]]. [[Vishveshwaraiah]]
* Dr. [[K.L. Rao]]
* Sir [[Arthur Cotton]]
* [[Engineer's Day]]

== References ==
<references />
* Jala bharatam (collection of essays) [జలభారతం (వ్యాస సంపుటి)] by DKSSSS President Sri Cherukuri Veeraiah in the year 2009.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sriramakrishnaiah, K.}}
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:Indian irrigation engineers]]
[[Category:People from Guntur district]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:Engineers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]

List of caste based violence in Bihar

2025-01-19T04:38:46Z

Rakshasingh12: corrected layout further and added references as per guidelines

#REDIRECT [[Caste-related violence in Bihar]]

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Kapila Theertham

2025-01-13T18:43:39Z

Rakshasingh12: reworked section based on references

{{short description|Hindu temple in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Kapila Theertham
| image = Kapilatheertam.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Andhra Pradesh
| map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|13|39|23|N|79|25|15|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = India
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
| locale = [[Tirupati]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Shiva]] as Kapileswara
| festivals= [[Maha Shivaratri]], [[Kārtika (month)|Karthika Masam]], Kapileswara Swamy Brahmotsavams
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity = 9
| inscriptions = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Dravidian languages]]
| temple_board = [[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]]
| website = [http://www.tirumala.org/ tirupati.org]
}}
{{Hinduism small}}
'''Kapila Theertham''' is a small [[Shiva|Shaivite]] temple and [[theertham]], located at [[Tirupati]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], India. The [[murti|idol]] of Shiva is believed to have been installed by [[Kapila]], so Shiva here is referred to as ''Kapileswara''.

The temple stands at the entrance to a mountain cave in one of the steep and vertical faces at the foot of the [[Tirumala]] hills, which are part of [[Seshachalam Hills]], where the waters of the mountain stream fall directly into a [[temple tank]].

At the temple entrance is a stone statue of [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]], Shiva's bull mount.

==Etymology==
The temple and [[Theertham]] had derived its name from [[Kapila]] Muni.<ref name=ttd>{{cite web|title=Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams-Sri Kapileswara Swamy Temple|url=http://www.tirumala.org/TemplesAtTirupathi.aspx#id5|publisher=Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams|access-date=31 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009144147/http://www.tirumala.org/TemplesAtTirupathi.aspx#id5|archive-date=9 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Legend ==
According to temple legend, [[Kapila]] Muni had performed penance to Siva at this place and blissed with the Muni's devotion, Siva and [[Parvathi]] presented themselves.<ref name=ttd /> The [[Lingam]] is believed to be [[Swayambu|self-manifested]].<ref name=ttd /> Kapila muni is believed to emerged from the Bilam (cavity) in the Pushkarini (Theertham) on to the earth.<ref name=ttd />

== History ==
The temple received very good patronage from the [[Vijayanagara Empire|rulers of Vijayanagara]] in the 13th thru 16th centuries, especially [[Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya]], and the well known [[Sri Krishna Deva Raya]], and some of the later rulers like Venkatapathi Raya, and Aliya Ramaraya, Sri Krishna Deva Raya's son-in-law.{{cn|date=December 2020}}

==Administration==
The present day temple is under the administration of [[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]](TTD).<ref name=ttdnews3>{{cite web|title=KAPILATEERTHAM DECKS UP FOR THE BIG EVENT-MAHA SHIVA RATHRI MAHOTSAVAM|url=http://news.tirumala.org/kapilateertham-decks-up-for-the-big-event-maha-shiva-rathri-mahotsavam/|publisher=Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams|access-date=2015-08-20|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120540/http://news.tirumala.org/kapilateertham-decks-up-for-the-big-event-maha-shiva-rathri-mahotsavam/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Under TTD this temple receives continued protection and sustainance, annual festivals that are celebrated great splendour.<ref name=ttdnews3 />

==Religious importance==
During 'Kartika' month on the occasion of its "mukkoti" on the 'Purnima' (full moon) day, all the teerthas situated in the three world's merge into this Kapila Teertham at noon for ten 'Ghatikas' (one ghatika is equivalent to 24 minutes).<ref name=ttd /> It is believed that persons bathing in it at that auspicious time will attain salvation from the cycle of birth and death ('[[Brahmaloka]]'). Moreover, those who have never offered Pindam (thidhi or thadhhina) to their departed ancestor souls can do it here and wash off your sins for non performance of it in past.{{cn|date=December 2020}}

==Festivals==
The temple celebrates all important festivals of [[Shaivism]] which includes [[Maha Shivaratri]], [[Karthika Deepam]], [[Vinayaka Chavithi]], Adikirtika etc. Kapileswara Swamy Brahmotsavams is the biggest event of the temple celebrated by TTD during the month of February.<ref name=ttdnews1>{{cite web|title=SRI KAPILESWARA SWAMY TEMPLE ANNUAL FETE BEGINS WITH DHWAJAROHANAM|url=http://news.tirumala.org/sri-kapileswara-swamy-temple-annual-fete-begins-with-dhwajarohanam/|publisher=Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams|access-date=2015-08-20|archive-date=2 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002173152/http://news.tirumala.org/sri-kapileswara-swamy-temple-annual-fete-begins-with-dhwajarohanam/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is a nine-day event where the processional deity of Lord Shiva and Parvathi will taken procession on different vahanams starting with Hamsa vahanam and ending with Trishula snanam (celestial bath to Siva Trident).<ref name=ttdnews1 /><ref name=ttdnews2>{{cite web|title=RELIGIOUS FERVOUR MARKS "TRISHULA SNANAM"|url=http://news.tirumala.org/religious-fervour-marks-trishula-snanam/|publisher=Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams|access-date=2015-08-20|archive-date=2 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002202400/http://news.tirumala.org/religious-fervour-marks-trishula-snanam/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Sub-shrines==
There are many sub-shrines with-in the main temple premises. Temples for Kamakshi-concert of Shiva, Vinayaka, Subhramanya, Agasthesswara, Rukmini Satyabhama Sametha Sri Krishna are few among them.

==See also==
*[[Hindu Temples in Tirupati]]
*[[Kapila]]
*[[Kapileshwar Temple, Bihar]]

==External links==
* [https://www.tirumala.org/ Tirumala Tirupathi Devasthanams]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category}}
{{Shaivism}}

[[Category:Tirupati]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Tirupati district]]
[[Category:Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Tirupati]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Andhra Pradesh]]

Balaji Temple, Nandyal

2024-08-20T19:54:04Z

Rakshasingh12: creating new location.

{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Nandyal Balaji Temple
| native_name = 
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Andhra Pradesh
| map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|15.6764025|N|78.4375141|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = India
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Nandyal district|Nandyal]]
| locale = Bilakalaguduru village
| creator =
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Venkateshvara]] ([[Vishnu]])
| festivals =
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| temple_board =
| website =
}}
'''Nandyal Balaji Temple''' is a Vishnu temple located in Bilakalaguduru village of [[Nandyal district]] in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name="thehansindia">{{cite web |title=JSW Cement Company dedicates Balaji temple in Nandyal |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/jsw-cement-company-dedicates-balaji-temple-in-nandyal-630309 |website=www.thehansindia.com |publisher=The Hans India |access-date=30 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref> The main deity of this temple is [[Venkateshvara|Venkateswara]], an avatar of the Hindu god [[Vishnu]].<ref name="architecturaldigest">{{cite web |author1=Shristi Singha |title=How JSW Cement's Balaji Temple changed the local landscape of a village in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.in/content/andhra-pradesh-village-local-landscape-changed-by-jsw-cements-balaji-tirupati-temple-architecure/ |website=www.architecturaldigest.in |publisher=AD |access-date=30 April 2023 |language=en |date=24 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="dezeen">{{cite web |title=Edmund Sumner films black-granite Hindu temple in India |url=https://www.dezeen.com/2020/12/07/edmund-sumner-film-hindu-temple-sameep-padora/ |website=www.dezeen.com |access-date=30 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

The temple was designed by Sameep Padora and Associates (sP+a).<ref name="stirworld">{{cite web |author1=Meghna Meheta |title=Sameep Padora on 'doing more with less' while building the Temple of Steps in India |url=https://www.stirworld.com/see-features-sameep-padora-on-doing-more-with-less-while-building-the-temple-of-steps-in-india |website=www.stirworld.com |publisher=Stir world |access-date=30 April 2023 |language=en |date=1 February 2021}}</ref>

== Architecture ==
The [[ziggurat]] archetype present in traditional Indian temples was adstracted in the Balaji temple at Nandyala. The temple is constructed of locally sourced black [[limestone]].<ref name="architecturaldigest"/> There is a reservoir adjacent to the temple within the temple premises.<ref name="lonelyplanet">{{cite web |author1=James Gabriel Martin |title=A new temple in India is also a water source and community space |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/news/balaji-temple-black-limestone-temple-india |website=www.lonelyplanet.com |publisher=Lonely Planet |access-date=30 April 2023 |language=en |date=19 Jun 2020}}</ref> The reservoir supplies water to the groundwater table. Excess water from a nearby limestone quarry is pumped into the temple reservoir or cistern.<ref name="architecturaldigest"/> Steps from the base of the temple lead down into the depths of the reservoir, allowing devotees to descend and climb in to or from the temple reservoir. The main structure of the temple—shrines of the Hindu deities Balaji and Varahaswamy—is drawn on the motifs of the Tirupathi temple of the same deity.<ref name="architecturaldigest"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Venkateswara temples]]

Suryadeva Yajvan

2024-04-11T04:11:28Z

Rakshasingh12: article

{{Short description|Sanskrit-language writer on astronomy}}
'''Suryadeva''' (1191 – at least 1248 CE) was a [[Sanskrit]]-language writer on [[astrology and astronomy]] (''[[jyotisha]]'')) from the [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] kingdom of southern India. He wrote commentaries on several notable works including the ''[[Aryabhatiya]]'' and the ''[[Laghumānasa|Laghu-manasa]]''.

== Biography ==

Suryadeva was a [[Brahmin|Brahmana]] of the Nidhruva ''[[gotra]]'', associated with the ''[[Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra|Bodhayana Sutra]]'', claiming descent ([[pravaras]]) from the sages [[Kashyapa]], [[Avatsara]], and Naidhruva.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xxvi}} His works use different suffixes for his name, including Sūri, Yajvā, Yajvān, Somasut, and Dīkṣita.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xxxvii, xxv}} Sūri refers to his scholarship; the other suffixes suggest that he had performed the [[Somayajna|Soma-yajna]] ritual sacrifice.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xxvi}}

According to his commentary on ''Laghumanasa'', Suryadeva was born in 1191 CE (Monday, 3rd day of the dark half of the [[Magha (month)|Magha]] month of the [[Shaka era|Shaka year]] 1113). He lived in the [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] kingdom, and resided in a town that different manuscripts variously call Gangapuram, Gangapuri, and Shri-ranga-gangapuri; this town can be identified as [[Gangaikonda Cholapuram]].{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xxxviii}}

Suryadeva does not name his parents, but suggests that he was a student or a protégé of his maternal uncle – also named Suryadeva.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xxvi}}

Suryadeva appears to have read a large number of previous works, as he refers to earlier scholars such as Lagadhacharya, [[Vrddha Garga]], Parashara, Aryabhata I, Haradatta (Haridatta), Latadeva, [[Varahamihira]], Bhaskara I (whom he calls "Bhaskaracharya"), Brahmagupta, Lalla, Prthusvamin (Prthudaka Svami), Prashastidhara (Whom he calls "Prasastadhara"), [[Bhattotpala]], and Shripati.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|1990|p=25}} Besides the works of these authors, Suryadeva also cites and quotes various Vedic, religious, and philosophical works.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|1990|p=26}} Later writer Yallaya (c. 1480), in his commentary on the ''Surya Siddhanta'', praises Suryadeva as an "all-knowing astronomer".{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|1990|p=25}}

In his commentary on the ''Laghumanasa'', he states the planetary positions for a particular day in 1248 CE (Shaka year 1170), which suggests that he wrote the commentary at the age of 57, in 1248.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xl}}

== Works ==

Suryadeva wrote at least five commentaries, in the following order:{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xxxviii}}

* An exposition of on Govinda-svami's ''bhashya'' on [[Bhāskara I|Bhaskara]]'s ''Maha-bhaskariya'' (629 CE)
* Commentary on Aryabhata's ''[[Aryabhatiya]]''
** This commentary is known by various titles including ''Aryabhata-prakasha'', ''Bhata-prakasha'', ''Prakasha'', ''Aryabhata-prakashika'', ''Bhata-prakashika'', and ''Prakashika''.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xxxvii}}
** Yallaya added further notes to this text, and [[Parameshvara Nambudiri|Parameshvara]] (c. 1431) used it as a source for writing a new commentary on ''Aryabhatiya''.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xxxvii-xxxviii}}
* Commentary on Varahamihira's ''Maha-yatra''.
* Commentary on Manjula's ''[[Laghumānasa|Laghu-manasa]]'' (1248 CE{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|K.V. Sarma|1976|p=xl}})
** This commentary is known by the names ''Manasa-vyakhyana'' and ''Manasa-vyakhya-vasana''{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|1990|p=25}}
** It includes an introduction to Hindu astronomy, an explanation of Manjula's text, and the rationale of the various rules{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|1990|p=25}}
* Commentary on Shripati's ''Jataka-paddhati''

In his commentary on the ''Laghumanasa'', Suryadeva quotes from his own work ''Asmadīya-grantha''.{{sfn|K.S. Shukla|1990|p=26}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |editor=K.S. Shukla |editor2=K.V. Sarma |editor2-link=K. V. Sarma |title=Āryabhaṭīya of Āryabhaṭa with the commentary of Sūryadeva Yajvan |volume=3 |year=1976 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pPMSAQAAMAAJ |oclc=214225031 }}
* {{cite journal |author=K.S. Shukla |title=Supplement: A critical study of the Laghumānasa of Mañjula |journal=Indian Journal of History of Science |volume=25 |issue=1–4 |year=1990 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cmu4AAAAIAAJ |oclc=24307203 }}
{{ref end}}

[[Category:12th-century Indian astronomers]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian astronomers]]
[[Category:Chola people]]
[[Category:Sanskrit writers]]