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Virender Sehwag

2023-10-11T13:36:33Z

Rajinderkumargill: Improved info

{{Short description|Retired Indian cricketer (born 1978)}}

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Virender Sehwag
| image = Virender Sehwag at the NDTV Marks for Sports event 13.jpg
| caption = Sehwag in 2012
| country = India
| fullname = Virender Sehwag
| nickname = Viru, Nawab of [[Najafgarh]], [[Sultan of Multan]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1978|10|20|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Najafgarh]], [[Delhi]], India
| heightft = 5
| heightinch = 8
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right arm [[off spin|off break]]
| role = Opening batsman
| international = true
| internationalspan = 1999–2013
| testdebutdate = 3 November
| testdebutyear = 2001
| testdebutagainst = South Africa
| testcap = 239
| lasttestdate = 2 March
| lasttestyear = 2013
| lasttestagainst = Australia
| odidebutdate = 1 April
| odidebutyear = 1999
| odidebutagainst = Pakistan
| odicap = 123
| lastodidate = 3 January
| lastodiyear = 2013
| lastodiagainst = Pakistan
| odishirt = 44
| T20Idebutdate = 1 December
| T20Idebutyear = 2006
| T20Idebutagainst = South Africa
| T20Icap = 9
| lastT20Idate = 2 October
| lastT20Iyear = 2012
| lastT20Iagainst = South Africa
| club1 = [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|1997–2014}}
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 = [[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]]
| year2 = 2015
| clubnumber2 =
| club3 = [[Leicestershire County Cricket Club|Leicestershire]]
| year3 = 2003
| club4 = [[Delhi Daredevils]]
| year4 = 2008–2013
| club5 = [[Bicentenary Celebration match|Rest of the World XI]]
| year5 = 2014
| club6 = [[Marylebone Cricket Club]]
| year6 = 2014
| club7 = [[Kings XI Punjab]]
| year7 = 2014–2015
| club8 = [[Cricket All-Stars|Sachin's Blasters]]
| year8 = 2015
| club9 = Maratha Arabians
| year9 = 2017
| club10 = Diamonds XI
| year10 = 2018
| club11 = [[Road Safety World Series|India Legends]]
| year11 = 2020-2021
| columns = 4
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 104
| runs1 = 8,586
| bat avg1 = 49.34
| 100s/50s1 = 23/32
| top score1 = 319
| deliveries1 = 3,731
| wickets1 = 40
| bowl avg1 = 47.35
| fivefor1 = 1
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 5/104
| catches/stumpings1 = 91/–
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches2 = 251
| runs2 = 8,273
| bat avg2 = 35.05
| 100s/50s2 = 15/38
| top score2 = 219
| deliveries2 = 4,392
| wickets2 = 96
| bowl avg2 = 40.13
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 4/6
| catches/stumpings2 = 93/–
| column3 = [[First class cricket|FC]]
| matches3 = 194
| runs3 = 14,683
| bat avg3 = 47.36
| 100s/50s3 = 42/55
| top score3 = 319
| deliveries3 = 8,614
| wickets3 = 105
| bowl avg3 = 42.57
| fivefor3 = 1
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 5/104
| catches/stumpings3 = 166/–
| column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches4 = 332
| runs4 = 10,454
| bat avg4 = 34.05
| 100s/50s4 = 16/57
| top score4 = 219
| deliveries4 = 6,009
| wickets4 = 142
| bowl avg4 = 36.29
| fivefor4 = 0
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling4 = 4/6
| catches/stumpings4 = 120/–
| date = 6 January
| year = 2016
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/sl-tri2010/content/player/35263.html ESPNcricinfo
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Cricket]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Cricket World Cup|ICC Men's Cricket World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|Winner|[[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011 India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka]]|}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2003 Cricket World Cup|2003 South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ICC Champions Trophy]]|}}
{{Medal|Winner|[[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002 Sri Lanka]]|}}
}}

'''Virender Sehwag''' {{audio|Virender_Sehwag.ogg|pronunciation}} (born 20 October 1978) is a former Indian [[cricket]]er who represented India from 1999 to 2013. Widely regarded as one of the most destructive openers<ref>
{{Cite web |url= https://www.quora.com/Who-is-the-most-destructive-opening-batsman-of-all-times-Can-you-show-relating-stats |title=Who is most destructive batter in Cricket? |publisher=Quora |access-date=2 December 2022}}</ref> and one of the greatest batsman of his era, he played for [[Delhi Capitals]] in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] and [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]] and [[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]] in Indian domestic cricket. He played his first [[One Day International]] in 1999 and joined the Indian test side in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=On This Day In 2001: Virender Sehwag Smashed His Maiden Ton On Test Debut - News18 |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/on-this-day-in-2001-virender-sehwag-smashed-his-maiden-ton-on-test-debut-4397840.html |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref> In April 2009, Sehwag became the first Indian to be honoured as the [[Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World]] for his performance in 2008,<ref>{{cite news|author=TNN |url=http://cricket.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4377189.cms |title=Sehwag is world's top cricketer for 2008 |publisher=Cricket.timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=9 April 2009 |access-date=12 February 2012 }}</ref> subsequently becoming the first player of any nationality to retain the award for 2009.<ref name="WisdenLC">{{cite web|url=http://www.wisden.com/default.aspx?id=2|title=Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World|access-date=14 April 2010|publisher=Wisden|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204005855/http://wisden.com/default.aspx?id=2|archive-date=4 December 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> He worked as stand-in captain occasionally during absence of main captain of India, also worked as Vice-Captain for Indian squad. He is former captain of [[Delhi Daredevils]] and Delhi ''Ranji'' Team. During his time with India, Sehwag was a member of the team that was one of the joint winners of the [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy]], the winners of the [[2007 T20 World Cup]], and the winners of the [[2011 Cricket World Cup]]. During the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy, Sehwag was the highest run scorer with 271 runs.

Sehwag holds multiple records including the highest score made by an Indian in Test cricket (319 against [[South African cricket team|South Africa]] at [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]] in [[Chennai]]), which was also the fastest triple [[century (cricket)|century]] in the history of international cricket (reached 300 off only 278 balls) as well as the fastest 250 by any batsman (in 207 balls against Sri Lanka on 3 December 2009 at the [[Brabourne Stadium]] in Mumbai). Sehwag also holds the distinction of being one of four batsmen in the world to have ever surpassed 300 twice in Test cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/virender-sehwag-35263 |title=Virender Sehwag |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> Sehwag has the highest strike rate in test matches among batsmen with 2000 or more test runs. Sehwag's career strike rate in test matches is 82.23.<ref>{https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_strike_rate;qualmin2=2000;qualval2=runs;template=results;type=batting/}</ref> In March 2009, Sehwag smashed what was until then the fastest century ever scored by an Indian in ODI cricket, from 60 balls.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news.php?id=13501&cat=1&sub=17&subit=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229050829/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news.php?id=13501&cat=1&sub=17&subit=0 |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 February 2012 |title=PTI: Sehwag becomes fastest Indian centurion in ODIs |date=11 March 2009 |work=Mathrubhumi |access-date=12 February 2010 }}</ref> On 8 December 2011, he hit his maiden double century in ODI cricket, against [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]], becoming the second batsman after [[Sachin Tendulkar]] to reach the landmark.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ind vs WI: Sehwag slams 112-ball 150 as India eye massive total|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/west-indies-in-india/top-stories/ind-vs-wi-india-crush-west-indies-by-153-runs-to-seal-series-3-1/articleshow/11031022.cms|access-date=8 March 2022|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 December 2011}}</ref> His score became the highest individual score in ODI cricket—219 off 149 balls which was later bettered by [[Rohit Sharma]]—264 off 173 balls on 13 November 2014.<ref name="rohitcent">{{Cite web|url = https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/216972.html|title = Records / One-Day Internationals / Batting records / Most runs in an innings|access-date=13 November 2014|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name=doublehundred/><ref>{{cite news|title=Virender Sehwag becomes 2nd batsman to slam 200 in ODIs|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/wi-ind-2011/news/item/182104-4th-odi-sehwag-becomes-2nd-batsman-to-slam-200-in-odis?pfrom=home-lateststories|access-date=8 December 2011|newspaper=[[NDTV]]|date=8 December 2011}}</ref> He is one of only two players in the world to score a double hundred in ODI and a triple hundred in Test Cricket, the other being [[Chris Gayle]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sehwag ends his slump in style|url=http://www.rediff.com/cricket/slide-show/slide-show-1-west-indies-india-double-delight-record-breaker-virender-sehwag-double-century/20111208.htm|work=8 December 2011|publisher=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=9 December 2011}}</ref>

Sehwag was appointed as vice-captain of the Indian team under [[Rahul Dravid]] in October 2005 but due to poor form, he was later replaced by [[V. V. S. Laxman]] in December 2006 as Test vice-captain. In January 2007, Sehwag was dropped from the ODI team and later from the Test team as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sehwag-out-ganguly-picked-for-odis-276198 |title=Sehwag out, Ganguly picked for ODIs |publisher=CricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> During his term as vice-captain, Sehwag led the team in place of injured Dravid in 2 ODIs and 1 Test. Following his return to form in 2008 and the retirement of [[Anil Kumble]], Sehwag was reappointed as the vice-captain for both Tests and ODIs. By early 2009, Sehwag had reestablished himself as one of the best performing batsmen in ODI cricket.<ref>{{cite web|author=Cricketnext.com |url=http://cricketnext.in.com/news/top-performer-virender-sehwag/38979-25.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090314073118/http://cricketnext.in.com/news/top-performer-virender-sehwag/38979-25.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 March 2009 |title=Cricketnext: Top Performer: Virender Sehwag |publisher=Cricketnext.in.com |access-date=12 February 2012 }}</ref>

Sehwag retired from all forms of International cricket on 20 October 2015.<ref name="espncricinfo">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/930845.html|title=Sehwag quits internationals and IPL|access-date=9 September 2018}}</ref> Now, he is serving as the member of Anti Doping Appeal Panel of [[National Anti-Doping Agency|National Anti Doping Agency]] under [[Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports]], [[Government of India]].

==Early years==
Sehwag was born in the [[Jat]] family<ref>{{cite news|title=Virender Sehwag appeals to Jat agitators for peace |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/virender-sehwag-appeals-to-jat-agitators-for-peace/articleshow/51077850.cms|work=Economic Times}}</ref> of a [[grain trade|grain merchant]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The unlikely makeover of Virender Sehwag |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/the-unlikely-makeover-of-virender-sehwag/|work=Indian Express}}</ref> He spent his childhood in a [[joint family]] with siblings, uncles, aunts and sixteen cousins. Though now settled in New Delhi, the Sehwag family hails from [[Haryana]]. Sehwag was the third of four children born to father Krishan and mother Krishna Sehwag, with two older sisters Manju and Anju, and younger brother Vinod. His father attributes his interest in cricket to a toy bat which he was given when he was seven months old. He attended Arora Vidya School in Delhi, and pestered his parents to let him play cricket, on the basis that he was not academically gifted.<ref name="rediff">{{cite web|url=http://clients.rediff.com/philipseyefi/Virender.htm |title=rediff.com World Cup 2003: An encounter with Virender Sehwag's family |publisher=Clients.rediff.com |access-date=12 February 2012|date=September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411082421/http://clients.rediff.com/philipseyefi/Virender.htm |archive-date=11 April 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Early in his career he had a reputation for being an attacking batsman and his coach was Amar Nath Sharma.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/virender-sehwags-reputation-even-as-a-schoolboy-spread-far-and-wide/|title=Virender Sehwag's reputation, even as a schoolboy, spread far and wide, writes reporter who discovered the star|date=21 October 2015|access-date=9 September 2018}}</ref> His father tried to end his career when he broke a tooth as a child in 1990, but Sehwag evaded the ban with the help of his mother.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040403/windows/main1.htm |title=Super Sehwag |work=The Tribune |location=India |date=3 April 2004 |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> Later he attended [[Jamia Milia Islamia]] for graduation.

==Domestic career==

===Early years===
Sehwag made his debut for [[Delhi cricket team]] in first class cricket in the 1997–98 season. He was selected to the [[North Zone cricket team]] for the [[Duleep Trophy]] the following 1998–99 season, ending fifth in the total runscoring list.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1998-99/IND_LOCAL/DULEEP/STATS/IND_LOCAL_DULEEP_AVS_BAT_MOST_RUNS.html |title=Batting – Most Runs (1998-1999) |publisher=ESPNCricInf |date=17 June 2008 |access-date=12 February 2012 }}</ref> He was included as an all-rounder in the [[Board President's XI (India)|Board President's XI]] team that played the [[Pakistani cricket team in India in 1998–99|touring Pakistan in February 1999]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan to play against President's XI today (11 February 1999) |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/pakistan-to-play-against-president-s-xi-today-11-february-1999-79603 |access-date=2 August 2023 |work=Dawn |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |date=11 February 1999 |language=en}}</ref> He top-scored for his team in their first innings with 83-ball 66.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tour Match: Board President's XI v Pakistan at Cochin, 11-13 Feb 1999 |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1998-99/PAK_IN_IND/SCORECARDS/PAK_IND-BPRES-XI_11-13FEB1999.html |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 August 2023}}</ref> Sehwag stood fourth in the Duleep Trophy run-scoring list that year, including a 274, the highest score of the competition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1999-2000/IND_LOCAL/DULEEP/STATS/IND_LOCAL_DULEEP_AVS_BAT_MOST_RUNS.html |title=Batting – Most Runs (1999-2000) |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |date=17 June 2008 |access-date=12 February 2012 }}</ref> This was attained against [[South Zone cricket team|South Zone]] at [[Agartala]] in just 327 balls, and followed a rapid 187 from just 175 in a Ranji Trophy match against [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]].<ref name="cricinfo">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/give-shewag-the-freedom-to-run-riot-95850 |first=Anand |last=Vasu |title=Give Sehwag the freedom to run riot |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |date=3 August 2001 |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> He was then selected for the U-19 team which toured South Africa.<ref name="rediff" /> He was seventh in the 2000–01 season with two centuries,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2000-01/IND_LOCAL/DULEEP/STATS/IND_LOCAL_DULEEP_AVS_BAT_MOST_RUNS.html |title=Batting – Most Runs (2000-2001) |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |date=17 June 2008 |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> but his consistency earned the attention of selectors and he became a regular member of the national team in mid-2001.

Since his international career started, he has continued to play for Delhi in the domestic competition whilst he is not occupied with international duty and has captained North Zone to victory in the [[Deodhar Trophy]] in 2004–05 and 2005–06.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://static.cricinfo.com/db/NATIONAL/IND/DEODHAR_WINNERS.html |title=India – Deodhar Trophy Winners |publisher=Cricinfo |date=17 June 2008 |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> He also had a short stint with [[Leicestershire County Cricket Club|Leicestershire]] in county cricket in 2003, but a back injury led to a mutual termination of the contract.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/leicestershire-and-sehwag-part-company-129053 |title=Leicestershire and Sehwag part company |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref>

===Indian Premier League===
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; max-width:100%;"
|-
| colspan="7" align=center bgcolor="black" |{{color|white|'''Sehwag's record in Twenty20 matches'''}}<ref name="Cricinfo stats"/>
|-
| 
!Matches
!Runs
!HS
!100s
!50s
!Avg.
|-
|[[Twenty20 International|T20I]]
|19
|394
|68
|0
|2
|21.88
|-
|[[Indian Premier League|IPL]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Sehwag profile in IPL|url=http://www.iplt20.com/teams/kings-xi-punjab/squad/45/Virender-Sehwag|access-date=8 March 2015}}</ref>
|96
|2629
|122
|2
|16
|28.89
|-
|[[Champions League Twenty20|CLT20]]<ref>{{cite web|title=CLT20 Records-Most Runs|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/champions-league-twenty20-2013/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=120;type=trophy|publisher=ESPNCricinfo|access-date=25 April 2012}}</ref>
|7
|208
|66
|0
|2
|34.66
|}
Sehwag was the captain of the [[Delhi Daredevils]] in the first two edition of [[Indian Premier League]], before he quit the position to concentrate more on his batting transferring it to [[Gautam Gambhir]]. However, for the fourth edition of [[2011 Indian Premier League|IPL]], he was the only player to be retained by the franchise, again as captain of the Delhi Daredevils.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketdiaries.com/2011/02/11/virender-sehwag-named-delhi-skipper-for-ipl-4/|title=Virender Sehwag named Delhi skipper for IPL 4|website=Cricketdiaries.com|date=11 February 2011|access-date=2 September 2011}}</ref> Sehwag again led the team in the [[2012 Indian Premier League|fifth edition of the league]], where he made the record of being the only batsman to score five consecutive half centuries in T20s.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ananthanarayanan|first=N|title=Sehwag, Pietersen unleash the Daredevils within|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Specials/Cricket/IPL/Chunk-HT-UI-IPL2012-TopStories/Sehwag-Pietersen-unleash-the-Daredevils-within/SP-Article10-847209.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430021354/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Specials/Cricket/IPL/Chunk-HT-UI-IPL2012-TopStories/Sehwag-Pietersen-unleash-the-Daredevils-within/SP-Article10-847209.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 April 2012|access-date=28 April 2011|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=27 April 2011}}</ref>

On the occasion of the 10-year anniversary of IPL, he was also named in the all-time Cricinfo IPL XI<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ab-de-villiers-misses-spot-in-espncricinfo-s-all-time-ipl-xi-1098519|title=AB de Villiers misses out on ESPNcricinfo's all-time IPL XI|website=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref>

==International career==
=== ODI career ===
Sehwag's [[One Day International|ODI]] career started poorly when he scored 1 against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] in [[Mohali]] in April 1999 when he fell lbw to [[Shoaib Akhtar]]. His bowling performance was also ineffective and expensive, conceding 35 runs off 3 overs. He did not get another chance in the national team for 20 months.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pepsi-cup-1998-99-61042/india-vs-pakistan-6th-match-66216/full-scorecard|title=6th ODI: India v Pakistan at Mohali, 1 Apr 1999 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref>
[[File:Indiancricketers.jpg|thumb|Sehwag with teammates [[Harbhajan Singh]] (left) and [[Yuvraj Singh]] (middle)]]
Sehwag was not given another match until the home series against [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]]{{ref|ODIALL}} in December 2000. Sehwag rose to prominence in his fourth ODI match in March 2001 when he scored 58 off 54 balls, against [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] in [[Bangalore]]. Combined with his three wickets, he help earn India a victory and was awarded his first man of the match award.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-india-2000-01-61425/india-vs-australia-1st-odi-64706/full-scorecard |title=1st ODI: India v Australia at Bangalore, 25 Mar 2001 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> He followed this with an unproductive tour of Zimbabwe in mid-2001.

Sehwag had his international breakthrough in [[Sri Lanka]] in August 2001 when he was promoted to the opening slot for the tri-series also involving New Zealand. The promotion to open the innings came because regular opener [[Sachin Tendulkar]] was absent due to a foot injury.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/injured-tendulkar-ruled-out-for-sri-lanka-tri-series-101381 |title=Injured Tendulkar ruled out for Sri Lanka tri-series |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> In the match against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] that was to decide the finalist, he scored his maiden century from 69 balls.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/coca-cola-cup-sri-lanka-2001-61090/india-vs-new-zealand-9th-match-66327/full-scorecard |title=9th Match: India v New Zealand at Colombo, 2 Aug 2001 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> At the time, the century was the third fastest ODI century for an Indian behind [[Mohammad Azharuddin]]'s 62 ball effort and Yuvraj Singh's 64 ball effort. This was his first score beyond 50 in ten matches and saw him named the Man of the Match. This performance earned him a regular spot in the ODI squad in the middle-order. He bettered his own record by hitting a 60-ball century against New Zealand during the 2009 tour. An innings of note in 2002 was the 22 ball half-century against [[Kenyan cricket team|Kenya]] in [[Goodyear Park|Bloemfontein]], tying the second fastest 50 by an Indian. Because of his attacking cricket stroke plays, Sehwag has got many fans, including the WestIndies legend Desmond Haynes, who admitted that he is a great fan of him.

With [[Saurav Ganguly]]'s injury in the India-England ODI Series in January 2002, Sehwag received another opportunity to open the innings which he seized by scoring 82 from 64 balls in [[Kanpur]] in an eight-wicket Indian victory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-india-2001-02-61791/india-vs-england-4th-odi-64742/full-scorecard |title=4th ODI: India v England at Kanpur, 28 Jan 2002 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> With good performances as an opener, Sehwag was made a permanent fixture at the top of the innings. [[Sachin Tendulkar]], who opened in the England ODI series, was moved to middle order<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/pushing-tendulkar-and-dravid-around-119988 |title=Pushing Tendulkar and Dravid around |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref>—a strategy that reaped dividends for [[India national cricket team|India]] in 2002 in ODI matches. In the England series and the preceding tour to South Africa, he compiled 426 runs at 42.6 with four half-centuries.{{ref|ODIALL}}

After modest returns on the tours of the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] and [[England national cricket team|England]] in early and mid-2002, he scored 271 runs at 90.33 in the [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy]] in Sri Lanka, with two Man of the Match performances. After running out [[Ian Blackwell]], he was involved in a 192 run partnership with Ganguly, scoring 126 from 104 balls to help set up an eight-wicket victory against England in a group match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2002-03-61114/england-vs-india-11th-match-66190/full-scorecard |title=England v India at Colombo (RPS), 22 Sep 2002 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> He then scored 58 from 54 balls and took 3/25 including two wickets in the final over to help defeat [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] by 10 runs<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2002-03-61114/india-vs-south-africa-1st-sf-66192/full-scorecard |title=India v South Africa at Colombo (RPS), 25 Sep 2002 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> to help India progress to the final.

In late 2002 he scored an unbeaten 114 from 82 balls that included a 196 run partnership with Ganguly to lead India to a nine wicket win over the West Indies in [[Rajkot]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-india-2002-03-61947/india-vs-west-indies-3rd-odi-64787/full-scorecard |title=3rd ODI: India v West Indies at Rajkot, 12 Nov 2002 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> He was the only batsman to score a century in the 7 match [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] ODI Series where he made two centuries—108 in Napier<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-new-zealand-2002-03-62325/new-zealand-vs-india-2nd-odi-64814/full-scorecard |title=2nd ODI: New Zealand v India at Napier, 29 Dec 2002 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> in an Indian defeat and 112 in Auckland<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-new-zealand-2002-03-62325/new-zealand-vs-india-6th-odi-64818/full-scorecard |title=6th ODI: New Zealand v India at Auckland, 11 Jan 2003 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2012 }}</ref> in a one-wicket victory.

===Struggle in form===
Virender Sehwag had a mediocre [[2003 Cricket World Cup]], scoring 299 runs at an average of 27, he top scored with 82 in the loss against Australia in the final.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-cup-2002-03-61124/australia-vs-india-final-65286/full-scorecard |title=Final: Australia v India at Johannesburg, 23 Mar 2003 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref>
[[File:Sehwag waits at the bowler's end.jpg|thumb|left|Sehwag waits at the bowler's end.]]
Later in 2003, he scored his fourth century and earned Man of the Match award against New Zealand in [[Hyderabad (India)|Hyderabad]], scoring 130 and putting on a 182 run partnership with Tendulkar, to lay the foundations for a 145 run victory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/tvs-cup-india-2003-04-61135/india-vs-new-zealand-9th-match-66372/full-scorecard |title=9th Match: India v New Zealand at Hyderabad, 15 Nov 2003 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> In spite of it, Sehwag struggled for consistency in 2003 and 2003/04 ODI series where he had only one century and 3 fifties, two against minnows—[[Bangladesh cricket team|Bangladesh]] and [[Zimbabwe cricket team|Zimbabwe]] and one against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]], in 22 matches.

===Dominating the arena===
Even with his inconsistent form, he earned 3 MoM awards in 2004/5 and 2004/05 ODI season with one award each against Sri Lanka, [[Bangladesh]] and Pakistan. In the match against Pakistan in [[Kochi, India|Kochi]] he scored 108 off 95 balls, his first century in eighteen months which set up a 95 run victory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pakistan-tour-of-india-2004-05-61525/india-vs-pakistan-1st-odi-64938/full-scorecard |title=1st ODI: India v Pakistan at Kochi, 2 Apr 2005 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref>

For his performances in 2004, he was named in the World ODI XI by the ICC.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rahul-dravid-is-the-icc-s-player-of-the-year-143090|title=Rahul Dravid is the ICC's player of the year|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Sehwag then started a two-year streak without a century in ODIs, as well as having his ODI tour of Pakistan in early 2006 curtailed due to a shoulder injury.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sehwag-and-harbhajan-to-return-home-236855 |title=Sehwag and Harbhajan to return home |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> His drought in limited overs cricket has puzzled cricket experts because of the consistent performances in [[Test Cricket|Test matches]] with a high scoring rate has not translated into significant contributions in the ODI format of the game.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sehwag-s-one-day-blues-223060 |title=Sehwag's one-day blues |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> Sehwag was dropped from the ODI Squad for the [[West Indian cricket team in India in 2006-07|WI-IND 4 Match ODI series]]. With debate over whether he deserved to be included in the [[2007 Cricket World Cup]] squad, captain [[Rahul Dravid|Dravid's]] insistence on his retention paved the way to being named in the World Cup squad.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-to-persist-with-sehwag-at-the-top-243385 |title=India to persist with Sehwag at the top |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> However, despite this assurance, Sehwag's form continued to decline.

Sehwag started the 2007 World Cup in poor form, only being picked for the side because of Rahul Dravid's wishes. He scored poorly in the first group match but bounced back to hit a magnificent 114 from 87 deliveries against lowly ranked Bermuda. The Indian team scored 413–5, the highest team total in a World Cup match, and went on to win the match but this was their only win in the tournament.

On 11 March 2009, Sehwag blasted India's fastest ODI hundred against New Zealand by reaching 3 figures in just 60 balls. Eventually, he led India to win its first series win in New Zealand.

On 8 December 2011, Sehwag scored his highest ODI score against [[West Indies]] at [[Indore]] slamming 219 runs off only 149 Balls. In the same innings, he also crossed 8,000 runs in ODI Cricket.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/sports/cricket/sehwag-hits-219-becomes-highest-scorer-in-odi_733547.html|title=Sehwag hits 219, becomes highest-scorer in ODI|date=8 December 2011|website=Zee News}}</ref> The knock was voted to be the best ODI batting performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo voters.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2012 |title=Readers pick Indians and Pakistanis |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/awards2011/content/story/553451.html |website=ESPNCricinfo}}</ref>

For his performances in 2011, he was named in the World ODI XI by the ICC.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/icc-awards-2011-ms-dhoni-leads-odi-team-of-the-year-532149|title=Dhoni leads ODI team of the year|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

===ODI summary===
Sehwag's scoring rate is extremely quick, at 103.44 runs per 100 balls (it is exceeded only by one current player: [[Shahid Afridi]], who has a much lower average). He has had more success in run chases, scoring seven of his thirteen centuries while chasing. He has led India on seven occasions, due to the unavailability of the incumbent due to illness, injury or rotation policy. In December 2011 Sehwag scored 219 in 149 deliveries against [[West Indies]] at [[Indore]]. He has the record of 2nd-highest individual score in [[One Day International|ODI]].<ref name=doublehundred>{{cite news|title=Virender Sehwag slams maiden double century in ODIs, scripts history|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/series-tournaments/west-indies-in-india/top-stories/Virender-Sehwag-slams-maiden-double-century-in-ODIs-scripts-history/articleshow/11033211.cms|access-date=8 December 2011|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 December 2011}}</ref>

For his performances in 2009, he was named in the World ODI XI by the ICC.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/johnson-and-gambhir-scoop-top-awards-427665|title=Johnson and Gambhir scoop top awards|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He was also named in the World ODI XI by the Cricinfo for 2008 and 2011.<ref name="ReferenceD">{{Cite web |date=3 January 2009 |title=Raucous and freakish |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/review2008/content/story/385077.html |website=ESPNCricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2012 |title=The teams of the year |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/review2011/content/story/547545.html |website=ESPNCricinfo}}</ref>

=== Test career ===
[[File:Virender Sehwag Graph.png|right|thumb|350px|An innings-by-innings breakdown of Sehwag's Test match batting career, showing runs scored (red bars) and the average of the last ten innings (blue line).]]

Sehwag's maiden century in mid-2001 in Sri Lanka was not enough to gain selection in the Test team for the corresponding series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/shewag-s-century-not-enough-for-place-in-test-squad-95805 |title=Sehwag's century not enough for place in Test squad |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> Sehwag made his Test debut in late 2001 in the First Test against [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] in [[Bloemfontein]] as a middle-order batsman. He scored 105 on debut despite the South African win.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-south-africa-2001-02-62291/south-africa-vs-india-1st-test-63951/full-scorecard |title=1st Test: South Africa v India at Bloemfontein, 3–7 Nov 2001 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> He was given a one-match suspension by ICC match referee [[Mike Denness]] for overappealing<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/fines-and-bans-handed-down-to-indian-players-108118 |title=Fines and bans handed down to Indian players |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> in the Second Test in [[Port Elizabeth]], which led to political dispute amongst the ICC and the two countries. He returned for the home series in 2001–02 against [[England cricket team|England]] and [[Zimbabwe cricket team|Zimbabwe]]. After scoring two half-centuries in the preceding series, he was promoted to a makeshift opener on the 2002 England tour after the failure of previous openers and an experiment with wicket-keeper [[Deep Dasgupta]]. He scored 84 in the new role at [[Lord's]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/late-wickets-lift-england-after-india-threaten-to-cut-loose-117162 |title=Late wickets lift England after India threaten to cut loose |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=8 March 2022|first=Ralph|last=Dellor|date=25 July 2002}}</ref> and then a century in the Second Test at [[Trent Bridge]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-england-2002-62276/england-vs-india-2nd-test-63998/full-scorecard |title=2nd Test: England v India at Nottingham, 8–12 Aug 2002 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> and has batted there in Test matches ever since. He scored his maiden home century of 147 in the First Test against the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] in 2002–03 home season in [[Mumbai]], which was at the time his top score in Test matches, earning him his first man of the match award.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sehwag-century-dominates-west-indians-at-mumbai-122042 |title=Sehwag century dominates West Indians at Mumbai |publisher=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> After a poor tour to New Zealand, he scored passed 50 for the first time in 9 innings when he scored 130 in a Test at [[Mohali]] against New Zealand in late 2003<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-tour-of-india-2003-04-62130/india-vs-new-zealand-2nd-test-64047/match-report |title=Sehwag's century lights up Mohali |publisher=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/new-zealand-tour-of-india-2003-04-62130/india-vs-new-zealand-2nd-test-64047/full-scorecard |title=2nd Test: India v New Zealand at Mohali, 16–20 Oct 2003 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> {{ref|TESTALL}}.

He then scored 195 against [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] on [[Boxing Day]] 2003 at the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sehwag-century-puts-india-in-command-126120 |title=Sehwag century puts India in command |publisher=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> His dismissal on the first afternoon led to an Indian collapse and eventual defeat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/not-rolled-over-126209 |title=Not rolled over |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref>

In early 2004, he became the first Indian to score a triple century in Test cricket, with 309 against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] in the First Test in [[Multan]], beating [[V. V. S. Laxman]]'s previous Indian record(281 against Australia) and helping India to a total of 5/675, the highest ever against Pakistan. It was Sehwag's sixth Test century in 21 Tests.<ref name="Sehwag66">Armstrong (2006), p. 212.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-high-on-sehwag-s-309-140466 |title=India high on Sehwag's 309 |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> India went on to win by an innings, with Sehwag named man of the match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-pakistan-2003-04-62332/pakistan-vs-india-1st-test-64081/full-scorecard |title=1st Test: Pakistan v India at Multan, 28 Mar – 1 Apr 2004 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> He also scored 90 in the Second Test defeat in [[Lahore]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-pakistan-2003-04-62332/pakistan-vs-india-2nd-test-64082/full-scorecard |title=2nd Test: Pakistan v India at Lahore, 5–9 Apr 2004 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2012 }}</ref> and was named man of the series for his efforts after being the highest run scorer and average for the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-pakistan-2003-04-62332/pakistan-vs-india-3rd-test-64083/full-scorecard |title=3rd Test: Pakistan v India at Rawalpindi, 13–17 Apr 2004 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2003-04/IND_IN_PAK/STATS/IND_IN_PAK_MAR-APR2004_TEST_AVS.html |title=India in Pakistan, 2003–04 Test Series Averages |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> He later auctioned the bat with which he made the triple century, for Rs. 70,000, to aid in relief efforts for the [[tsunami]] victims of the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cricketershistory.blogspot.com/2008/06/virender-sehwag.html|title=Virender Sehwag|work=Cricketers History|access-date=9 September 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; width:50%;"
|-
!colspan="7"|Sehwag's results in international matches<ref name="Cricinfo stats">{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / V Sehwag/Test matches|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/35263.html?class=1;template=results;type=batting|publisher=ESPNCricinfo|access-date=25 April 2012}}</ref>
|-
| ||Matches||Won||Lost||Drawn||Tied||No result
|-
|Test<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Test victories|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=matches;result=1;template=results;type=batting|publisher=Cricinfo|access-date=25 April 2012}}</ref> ||104||42||28||34||0||–
|-
|ODI<ref>{{cite web|title=List of ODI victories|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=matches;result=1;template=results;type=batting|publisher=Cricinfo|access-date=25 April 2012}}</ref> ||251||133||103||–||1||14
|-
|T20I<ref>{{cite web|title=List of T20I victories|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=3;filter=advanced;orderby=matches;result=1;template=results;type=batting|publisher=Cricinfo|access-date=25 April 2012}}</ref> ||19||11||6||–||1||1
|}
In the First Test of the 2004 [[Border Gavaskar Trophy]] in [[Bangalore]], Sehwag was fined for showing "serious dissent" towards umpire [[Billy Bowden]] following an LBW dismissal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sehwag-fined-65-of-match-fee-for-dissent-142323|title=Sehwag fined 65% of match fee for dissent |publisher=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> Replays showed that he had hit the ball off the middle of his bat onto his leg, which later led to an apology from Bowden.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bowden-apologises-for-horror-decision-142352 |title=Bowden apologises for horror decision |publisher=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref>
Sehwag scored 155 in the [[Chennai]] test match to set up a triple-figure lead for the Indians, but the match was rained out on the final day with the Indians requiring 229 for victory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-india-2004-05-61430/india-vs-australia-2nd-test-64100/match-report-2 |title=India ride on Sehwag hundred after Warne's record |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-india-2004-05-61430/india-vs-australia-2nd-test-64100/full-scorecard |title=2nd Test: India v Australia at Chennai, Oct 14–18, 2004 |publisher=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> In the home series against South Africa that year, he scored 164 in the drawn First Test in [[Kanpur]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sehwag-shines-on-a-sluggish-pitch-141890 |title=Sehwag shines on a sluggish pitch |publisher=ESPNCricInfo|access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> and 88 in the Second in [[Kolkata]], which India won to claim the series. Sehwag was again named man of the series.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/south-africa-tour-of-india-2004-05-61858/india-vs-south-africa-2nd-test-64110/full-scorecard |title=South Africa in India Test Series – 2nd Test. India v South Africa.
| publisher = Cricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref>

Sehwag failed on the tour of Bangladesh, but on the 2005 home series against Pakistan, he scored 173 in [[Mohali]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pakistan-tour-of-india-2004-05-61525/india-vs-pakistan-1st-test-64125/full-scorecard |title=1st Test: India v Pakistan at Mohali, Mar 8–12, 2005|publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> 81 in [[Kolkata]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pakistan-tour-of-india-2004-05-61525/india-vs-pakistan-2nd-test-64126/full-scorecard |title=2nd Test: India v Pakistan at Kolkata, Mar 16–20, 2005 |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> and then 201 in [[Bangalore]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pakistan-tour-of-india-2004-05-61525/india-vs-pakistan-3rd-test-64127/full-scorecard |title=3rd Test: India v Pakistan at Bangalore, Mar 24–28, 2005 |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> totalling 544 runs at an average of 90.66 to win the man of the series award. He passed the 3000 run mark in Tests during the Bangalore Test, becoming the fastest Indian to reach the mark in terms of innings played.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/fastest-indian-to-3000-runs-146472 |title=Fastest Indian to 3000 runs |publisher=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> His performances over the preceding 12 months earned him selection in the ICC Test Team of the Year as well as nomination for Test player of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/player-of-the-year-nominees-announced-219236 |title=Player of the Year nominees announced |publisher=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref>

He earned selection for the ICC World XI which played Australia in the [[2005 ICC Super Series]], where he top-scored in the first innings with 76. He attracted some criticism at the end of 2005, having failed to pass 50 in four Tests against Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka. He also missed the Second Test against Sri Lanka in [[Delhi]] due to illness,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sehwag-likely-to-miss-second-test-229012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20081205174409/http://content-www.cricinfo.com/indvsl/content/story/229012.html |archive-date=2008-12-05 |title=Sehwag likely to miss second Test|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> but returned to the team in the following match in [[Ahmedabad]] and captained the Indians to victory whilst [[Rahul Dravid]] was ill.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/we-re-enjoying-our-cricket-says-sehwag-230485 |title='We're enjoying our cricket', says Sehwag |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> For his performances in 2005, he was named in the World Test XI by ICC<ref name="ICC Test Team of the Year">{{Cite news|title=Kallis, Flintoff share player of the year award|work=ABC News (Australia)|agency=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]/[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-10-12/kallis-flintoff-share-player-of-the-year-award/2123438|access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref>

[[File:Virender Sehwag bowling 2.jpg|thumb|150px|Sehwag bowling in the nets.]]

Sehwag scored his first century in a year when he compiled 254 against Pakistan in the First Test in [[Lahore]] in January 2006, the highest ever Test score at a strike rate of over 100 and the second fastest double century ever.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-pakistan-2005-06-208839/pakistan-vs-india-1st-test-232615/match-report |title=Sehwag and Dravid pummel Pakistan |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> In doing so he was involved in a 410 run partnership with captain Rahul Dravid, the highest ever against Pakistan and in Pakistan, and just four short of a new world record opening partnership in Test matches.<ref name="cricinfo2">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/boundary-avalanches-and-scoring-rates-232916 |title=Boundary avalanches and scoring rates |publisher=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> Sehwag went on to lampoon the Pakistani attack led by [[Shoaib Akhtar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/shoaib-hasn-t-lived-up-to-expectations-sehwag-233296 |title='Shoaib hasn't lived up to expectations' – Sehwag |publisher=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> Sehwag however failed to pass 50 in the following two Tests against Pakistan, and aside from a 76* in the Second Test in [[Mohali]] against England, fell seven times for less than 20 runs to the new ball {{ref|TESTALL}}, leading criticism of his position in the team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/driving-with-two-flat-tyres-241326 |title=Driving with two flat tyres |publisher=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref>

During the 2006 West Indies tour, Sehwag narrowly missed out on scoring a century in the opening session of the Second Test in [[St Lucia]], ending with 99 at the interval.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sehwag-s-early-blast-250138 |title=Sehwag's early blast |publisher=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> He went on to compile 180 in just 190 balls, and also collected four wickets for the match to be named man of the match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-west-indies-2006-219430/west-indies-vs-india-2nd-test-239921/full-scorecard |title=2nd Test: West Indies v India at Gros Islet, Jun 10–14, 2006 |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> Although Sehwag had collected more than 50 wickets in ODIs, he was substantially used as a Test bowler for the first time on the West Indies tour, taking nine wickets in the first two Test matches when he was used in the absence of off-spinner [[Harbhajan Singh]] as India opted to only use one specialist spinner.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sehwag-puts-his-spin-on-it-250256 |title=Sehwag puts his spin on it |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref> He had previously only three wickets at Test level {{ref|TESTSER}}. He was also fined in the First Test for excessive appealing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sehwag-fined-for-excessive-appealing-249874 |title=Sehwag fined for excessive appealing |publisher=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref>

Poor form saw Sehwag being dropped from the Test team in 2007. In December 2007, he was recalled for India's tour of Australia after being omitted form the list of probables,<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sehwag-recalled-call-up-for-pankaj-singh-325154
| title = Sehwag recalled, call-up for Pankaj Singh
| publisher = ESPNcricinfo
| access-date = 8 March 2022
}}
</ref>
amid calls for his return by several commentators, most notably [[Ian Chappell]].
<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/where-s-viru-324429
| title = Where's Viru?
| publisher = ESPNcricinfo
| access-date = 8 March 2022
| last = Chappell
| first = Ian
}}
</ref>

Though he was omitted from the team for the first two matches, both of which India lost, he was picked for the third Test at the [[WACA Ground|WACA]] in [[Perth, Western Australia|Perth]] after scoring a century in a tour match against the ACT Invitational XI.<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-face-uphill-task-in-the-wild-west-331100
| title = India face uphill task in the Wild West
| publisher = ESPNcricinfo
| access-date = 8 March 2022
}}
</ref>
He played a key part in India's victory, making 72 runs at a brisk pace and taking 2 crucial wickets<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-australia-2007-08-291320/australia-vs-india-3rd-test-291353/full-scorecard
| title = 3rd Test: Australia v India at Perth, Jan 16–19, 2008
| publisher = ESPNcricinfo
| access-date = 8 March 2022
}}
</ref>
He scored a match-saving 151 in the second innings of the fourth Test in [[Adelaide]]. This was his first century in the second innings of a test match, and was notable in that he rejected his usual, aggressive batting style in favour of a more defensive approach which was the need of the hour.<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/poker-faced-sehwag-comes-up-aces-333871
| title = Poker-faced Sehwag comes up aces
| publisher = ESPNcricinfo
| access-date = 8 March 2022
}}
</ref>

Sehwag continued his good form against South Africa, in the home series in April 2008, scoring 319 in the first Test at [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]] in [[Chennai]], having reached 300 off just 278 balls, the fastest triple century in test history. Sehwag became only the third batsman after Sir [[Donald Bradman]] and [[Brian Lara]] to score 2 triple centuries in Test Cricket. He scored 257 runs the third day of the match, which was the most runs scored by an individual batsman on a single day of a Test match since 1954, when [[Denis Compton]] made 273 runs on the second day of the [[Nottingham]] Test against Pakistan.<ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/the-day-the-records-tumbled-344333
| title = The day the records tumbled
| publisher = ESPNcricinfo
| access-date = 8 March 2022
}}
</ref>

He has a habit of making big centuries, with his last eleven centuries having all been over 150, including two triple centuries and further three double centuries which surpassed Sir [[Donald Bradman]]'s record of having seven consecutive centuries beyond 150.<ref name="cricinfo2" />

His knock of 201* was voted as the Best Test Batting Performance of 2008 by ESPNCricinfo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2009 |title=Both barrels plus kitchen sink |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/espncricinfo-awards-2008-test-batting-winner-virender-sehwag-201-not-out-vs-sri-lanka-386501 |website=Cricinfo}}</ref>

In the first test against England in Chennai in December 2008, Sehwag's rapid 83 off just 68 balls,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-india-2008-09-361035/india-vs-england-1st-test-361050/full-scorecard |title=1st Test: India v England at Chennai, Dec 11-15, 2008 |website=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> in the last session of the fourth day, set India up for its record run-chase of 4/387, the highest successful target on Indian soil. He got the man-of-the-match award despite [[Sachin Tendulkar]] scoring an unbeaten century later in the same innings and [[Andrew Strauss]] scoring a century in each of England's innings. The knock was nominated to be one of the Test Batting Performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2009 |title=Test batting: the nominees |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/385010.html |website=ESPNCricinfo}}</ref> For his performances in 2008, he was named in the World Test XI by ICC and ESPNCricinfo<ref name="ICC Test Team of the Year"/><ref name="ReferenceD"/>

He has been noted for his record against Pakistan, averaging over 90 against and in Pakistan, scoring four centuries against India's arch-rivals. The disparity in his average in the first and second innings is often noted, being 68 and 25 and all but one of his fifteen Test centuries having come in the first innings{{ref|TESTSUM}}.

During Sri Lanka's tour of India in 2009, in the 3-match test series, he finished with the highest run getter of the series with 491 runs. In the last test match, he made 293 with the help of which India won the test match. In this innings he established many records:
* Scoring the second fastest 200.
* Scoring the fastest 250 off just 207 balls.
* Third-highest run scorer on a single day. (284 n.o)
He missed accomplishing the feat of being the only player to score three triple centuries. He was caught and bowled by Muralitharan short by just seven runs. This innings, which consisted of 40 fours and 7 sixes, was described as his third best by him after his two triple centuries. The knock was voted as the Best Test Batting Performance of 2009 by ESPNCricinfo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2010 |title=One of them Viru days |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/espncricinfo-awards-2009-test-batting-winner-virender-sehwag-293-vs-sri-lanka-448337 |website=Cricinfo}}</ref>

For his performances in 2010, he was named in the World Test XI by the ICC.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ms-dhoni-leads-icc-test-team-of-year-480081|title=Dhoni leads ICC Test Team of Year|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

===World XI tours===
He was selected in the ICC World XI for the [[2005 ICC Super Series]] against Australia in late 2005, but only managed 64 runs at an average of 21.33.{{ref|ODISUM}} Earlier in 2005, he was selected for the [[Asian Cricket Council]] XI for the fundraising match against the ICC World XI in the aftermath of the [[2004 Indian Ocean tsunami]].

In July 2014, he played for the Rest of the World side in the [[Bicentenary Celebration match]] at [[Lord's]].<ref>{{cite web |title=MCC v Rest of the World – 5 July |url=http://www.lords.org/fixtures/fixtures-and-tickets/mcc-v-rest-of-the-world-5-july/ |work=Lord's |date=5 July 2014 |access-date=5 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707031308/http://www.lords.org/fixtures/fixtures-and-tickets/mcc-v-rest-of-the-world-5-july/ |archive-date=7 July 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===International retirement===
On 20 October 2015 Sehwag announced retirement from all formats of cricket and [[Indian Premier League|IPL]].<ref name="espncricinfo"/> On 7 November 2015, Sehwag scored 55 runs in game 1 of the [[Cricket All-Stars]] Twenty20 series for [[Sachin Tendulkar|Sachin]]'s Blasters, and was the only person from either side (against [[Shane Warne|Warne]]'s Warriors) to score a half-century, 5+ sixes and a strike rate of over 150 (SR of 250).{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

== Playing style ==
[[File:Sehwag plays a shot.jpg|thumb|Virender Sehwag plays a hook shot |left]]
Sehwag was often compared to [[Sachin Tendulkar]] in his early days due to the similar batting style, build and appearance.<ref name="cricinfo" /> He has acknowledged numerous times that he consciously attempted to model his playing style on Tendulkar's in his youth.<ref name="worldinsport1">{{cite web| url=https://worldinsport.com/virender-sehwag-a-batsman-who-made-batting-look-so-easy/| title=Virender Sehwag – A Batsman Who Made Batting Look So Easy| publisher=worldinsport.com| date=5 June 2020}}</ref>

Sehwag's technique is often cited as being particularly unorthodox, often backing away (considered technically incorrect) to free his arms whilst playing his shots, in particular, and to cut or drive spinners inside out. He is frequently cited by commentators for his extremely strong (physically) square cutting and upper cutting and power through the off-side.<ref name="cricinfo3">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/off-side-slaughter-233300|title= Off-side slaughter |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> He is also an excellent player of the late cut.<ref name="worldinsport1" /> In particular, his tendency to strike the ball in the air and risk dismissal is a trait which has seen him noted for his chancy and adventurous mindset.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/chancy-but-vital-142474 |title=Chancy but vital |publisher=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> He is also noted for a relative lack of footwork,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/virender-sehwag-s-brave-new-world-135575 |title=Virender Sehwag's Brave New World |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> with his timing often attributed to his eyesight. Of late,{{When|date=August 2011}} Sehwag has shown a proclivity to be dismissed by [[inswing]] deliveries, something attributed to his leaden-footed batting style. He has also got dismissed playing the cut shot when the ball was too close to his body to cut, especially in limited over matches.<ref>''The Indian Express'', 10 April 2007</ref>

[[File:Virender Sehwag, the captain of MCC gets ready to face a delivery during the 2014 English county season launch against Durham at the Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium, Abu Dhabi, UAE.JPG|thumb|Virender Sehwag takes strike for MCC]]Virender Sehwag is often noted for his extremely attacking style of batting, and in 2005 he was described by ''Wisden Cricketers' Almanack'' as the "most exciting opener in the world"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/156012.html|title=The Wisden Forty|publisher=ESPNCricInfo|access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> due to his aggressive style in [[Test Cricket|Test matches]], his strike rate being inferior only to that of [[Adam Gilchrist]] and [[Shahid Afridi]]. Sehwag has also been noted for his apparent disregard for the match situation, exhibited by aggressive batting even when his team is in a poor position or after being outmanoeuvred by the bowler in the recent past.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/watching-sehwag-bat-140476 |title=Watching Sehwag bat |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> This is a two-edged sword, as it allows him to not be psychologically hindered by previous failures, but can also lead to excessive aggression.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/the-sublime-savage-126132 |title=The sublime savage |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> Pakistan coach [[Bob Woolmer]] spoke of him as a "sophisticated slogger".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sophisticated-slogging-233298 |title=Sophisticated slogging |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> But over the years, his style has changed from "reckless hitting" to that of "controlled aggression", according to an article in the ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]''. Previously Sehwag was known predominantly as an offside player, with a weakness against straight short pitched bowling. However, his leg side improved and his bouncer is hitting considerably. This is shown in the recent ODIs against New Zealand where he utilised the pull, hook and flick shots to devastating effect.

As of 15 March 2010, Sehwag has an average of nearly 68 in the first innings of test matches where he has scored 5,130 runs, 18 centuries and 12 fifties in 76 matches. In the second innings, his average drops to 31 and has scored 1,561 runs, with only one century and 9 fifties in 54 innings. The first and second innings difference of 37 runs is one of the highest and indicates a lack of ability in dealing with more difficult batting conditions as the pitch deteriorates. However, his match-saving second-innings 151 against [[Australia]] at [[Adelaide]] during the [[2007–08 Border-Gavaskar series]], and a match winning 92 in trying situations at [[Nagpur]] during the 2008–09 series, went a long way towards repairing that image. In the 2008 Test series against England, Sehwag played a key role in the fourth innings of the first Test in Chennai. He amassed 83 runs in 68 balls, which helped India chase down an improbable target of 387 with six wickets to spare. This was the highest successful run chase in India and the fourth-highest in Test history. For this effort, Sehwag was adjudged Man of the Match. On 12 August 2011, Sehwag became only the third Indian in history to achieve a [[Pairs in Test and first-class cricket#King pairs in Test cricket|king pair]] (2 golden ducks consecutively) and the 15th player to do that of all time, but weeks later he again scored crucial and aggressive pair of 55 against West Indies.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

In eight Test matches since April 2012, he has managed to score just 408 runs at an average of 31.38, with highest being 117. In six ODIs in the same period, he scored 183 runs at an average of 30.5 and was dropped for the ODI series against England. His last ODI century was the double hundred against the West Indies in December 2011.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-11/top-stories/38462505_1_virender-sehwag-geoffrey-boycott-odi | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414091232/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-11/top-stories/38462505_1_virender-sehwag-geoffrey-boycott-odi | url-status=dead | archive-date=2013-04-14 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Virender Sehwag may not play for India again, will 'sadly fade away': Geoffrey Boycott}}</ref> Former England batsman [[Geoffrey Boycott]] had hinted that it might be the end of the road for Sehwag."I don't think he'll play again. I think it's because India have gone the right way. It took a little while to come around to it. They've given youth a chance," Boycott told a cricket website.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/top-stories/Virender-Sehwag-may-not-play-for-India-again-will-sadly-fade-away-Geoffrey-Boycott/articleshow/19492654.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=Virender Sehwag may not play for India again, will 'sadly fade away': Geoffrey Boycott}}</ref>

He was voted as 4th-scariest batsman to face in the "World's Scariest Batsman" poll of international bowlers.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.rediff.com/cricket/2005/jun/16poll.htm
| title = Gilchrist most feared batsman: Poll
| date = 16 June 2005
| access-date = 27 July 2019
| publisher = [[Rediff]]
}}</ref>

==Controversy==
{{main|Mike Denness and Indian cricket team incident}}
In November 2001, Sehwag was involved in controversy in the Second [[Test Cricket|Test match]] between [[India national cricket team|India]] and [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] at [[Sahara Oval St George's|St George's Park]], [[Port Elizabeth]], when he was given a one Test ban for "excessive appealing" by ICC Match referee [[Mike Denness]]. He was one of six Indian players to receive bans, four of which were suspended bans. The unprecedented severity of the bans precipitated an international cricketing, political and administrative crisis, with the Indian cricket establishment threatening to call off the tour unless Mike Denness was removed as match referee from the third test match. [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] backed Mike Denness<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/icc-rules-out-replacing-denness-for-final-test-108172 |title=ICC rules out replacing Denness for final Test |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> and the South African board backed the Indian cricket establishment<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/south-africa-will-back-india-in-denness-affair-108130 |title=South Africa will back India in Denness affair |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> and did not allow Mike Denness to enter the stadium<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ucbsa-issues-statement-regarding-third-castle-lager-mtn-test-108207|title=UCBSA issues statement regarding third Castle Lager/MTN Test |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> on the first day of the third test match. ICC declared that the match was 'unofficial' and 'friendly five day match'<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/icc-sets-out-latest-position-regarding-south-africa-v-india-108243 |title=ICC sets out latest position regarding South Africa v India |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> and the series was officially declared as a 2 match series and South Africa as 1–0 winners. The subsequent [[England cricket team|England]] tour to [[India national cricket team|India]] was placed in jeopardy when India picked Sehwag in the Test squad.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-name-sehwag-in-14-member-squad-for-mohali-test-106932|title=India name Sehwag in 14-member squad for Mohali Test |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> Subsequent to this development, ICC issued a warning that any match with Sehwag in the cricket team will not be considered an "official" Test match until Sehwag had served his one match ban.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/centurion-match-is-not-a-test-and-sehwag-ban-will-stand-says-icc-106857 |title=Centurion Match Is Not a Test and Sehwag Ban Will Stand, Says ICC |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> After negotiations with [[England and Wales Cricket Board|ECB]] and [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] and in general interest of cricket, Sehwag was dropped from the team for the first Test against England.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/mohali-test-will-go-ahead-after-bcci-agree-to-exclude-sehwag-107027 |title=Mohali Test will go ahead after BCCI agree to exclude Sehwag |publisher=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> In October 2015, Sehwag told to [[Zee News]] " I was planning to retire in 2007 when dropped from the team but [[Sachin Tendulkar|Tendulkar]] stopped me from doing so."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/sports/cricket/sachin-tendulkar-stopped-me-from-retiring-in-2007-virender-sehwag_1815663.html|title=Sachin Tendulkar stopped me from retiring in 2007: Virender Sehwag|date=28 October 2015|access-date=9 September 2018}}</ref>

==Personal life==

Sehwag married Aarti Ahlawat in April 2004<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/cricket/2004/apr/23sehwag.htm|title=Sehwag begins new innings with Aarti|access-date = 23 April 2004}}</ref> under heavy security cover in a widely publicised wedding hosted by [[Arun Jaitley]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/cricket/Jaitley-to-host-Virus-Apr-22-wedding/articleshow/609964.cms|title=Jaitley to host Viru's Apr 22 wedding |access-date=10 April 2004 | work=The Times Of India}}</ref> the then Union law minister of India, at his residence.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sehwag-ties-the-knot-134639 |title=Sehwag ties the knot |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> The couple have two sons, Aryavir, born on 18 October 2007 and Vedant, born in 2010.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rao|first=Rakesh|title=Virender Sehwag itching to return to action|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/article2465608.ece|access-date=28 April 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 September 2011|location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://thatscricket.oneindia.in/news/2007/10/20/2010sehwag-wife-gives-birth-to-a-baby-boy.html |title=Sehwag's wife gives birth to a baby boy |publisher=That's Cricket |date=20 October 2007 |access-date=12 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112151233/http://thatscricket.oneindia.in/news/2007/10/20/2010sehwag-wife-gives-birth-to-a-baby-boy.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iplt20.com/sehwag-ii-another-hard-hitter-in-the-making.html|title=Sehwag II – another hard-hitter in the making|date=14 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417051923/http://www.iplt20.com/sehwag-ii-another-hard-hitter-in-the-making.html|archive-date=17 April 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Sehwag has been popularly known to sing while batting, and picked the [[Kishore Kumar]] song "Chala Jaata Hoon" from the [[Rajesh Khanna]] starrer [[Mere Jeevan Saathi (1972 film)|Mere Jeevan Saathi]] (1972) as his favorte song to sing while batting.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/virender-sehwag-reveals-favourite-song-that-he-would-often-sing-while-batting/story-BzAJBM1gt33Gc5iueLRduN.html|title=Virender Sehwag reveals 'favourite song' that he would often sing while batting|access-date=29 Oct 2020| website=Hindustan Times|date=29 October 2020 }}</ref>

In 2011, Sehwag started ''Sehwag International School''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sisj.in/|title=Sehwag International School |website=Sehwag International School}}</ref> in [[Jhajjar]], [[Haryana]], which lies 65 kilometres west of Delhi. The school was inaugurated by his mother and it was his father's dream to have an institution where students can study, stay, train and play sports. After his second triple century, the Haryana government offered Sehwag to build an academy on a 23-acre land where he requested to open a school in place of an academy to fulfil his father's dream.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/special-content/the-second-innings/article/393 |title=Cricbuzz – The story of Sehwag International School|publisher=www.cricbuzz.com |access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cricinfo – The school that Sehwag built |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/gaurav-kalra-visits-the-sehwag-international-school-807839 |access-date=10 December 2016 |publisher=www.espncricinfo.com}}</ref> Sehwag appeared as guest on ''[[Indian Idol]]'' show on 21 January 2017 and mentioned that 22 students from his school has represented national and state team in various sports in last 2 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tennews.in/22-sports-students-played-national-international-level-sehwag-international-school-virender-sehwag/ |title=22 Sports students have played at national and international level in Sehwag International School: Virender Sehwag |publisher=www.tennews.in |access-date=24 July 2022 |date=28 February 2017}}</ref>

==International centuries==
{{main|List of international cricket centuries by Virender Sehwag}}
Sehwag's aggressive batting has found success at the top of the batting order.<ref name="Cricinfo stats" /> He has scored [[Century (cricket)|centuries]] (100 or more [[Run (cricket)|runs]]) on 22 occasions in [[Test cricket]] and in 15 [[One Day International]] (ODI) matches.<ref name="Cricinfo player">{{cite web| title=Player Profile:Virender Sehwag|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/virender-sehwag-35263| publisher=ESPNCricinfo|access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="cricketarchive">{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/7/7744/7744.html|title=Virender Sehwag|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=28 July 2009}}</ref> In Tests, Sehwag has scored centuries against all the [[Test cricket#Test cricket playing teams|Test-cricket playing nations]] except [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] and [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]], and is sixth on the list of leading Test century makers for [[India national cricket team|India]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Records – Test matches – Most hundreds in a career for India| url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_hundreds_career.html?class=1;id=6;type=team| publisher=ESPNCricinfo| access-date=8 March 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216011059/http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_hundreds_career.html?class=1%3Bid%3D6%3Btype%3Dteam| archive-date=16 December 2007| url-status=dead| df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 2001, he became the eleventh Indian player to score a century on Test debut, with 105 runs against [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]].<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/239555.html|title=Records – Test matches – Hundred on debut |publisher=Cricinfo|access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> His centuries have been scored at fourteen cricket grounds, eight of which were outside India. He has made six scores of 200 runs or more, the most by an Indian batsman,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;runsmin1=200;runsval1=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting%7C|title=Most double centuries by an Indian batsman|publisher=ESPNCricinfo|access-date=8 March 2022|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717233922/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;runsmin1=200;runsval1=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting|archive-date=17 July 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> of which a record three have come against [[Pakistan cricket team|Pakistan]]. Sehwag is the only Indian to have scored a triple century (300 or more runs), and has done so twice—309 against Pakistan in [[Multan]] in 2004 and 319 against South Africa in [[Chennai]] in 2008, the later being the fastest triple century in Test cricket with 300 coming up off just 278 balls.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/india/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|title=Cricket Records – India – Test matches – High scores|publisher=ESPNCricinfo|access-date=8 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409085841/http://stats.cricinfo.com/india/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?class=1%3Bid%3D6%3Btype%3Dteam|archive-date=9 April 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In ODIs, Sehwag's maiden century was made against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] at the [[Sinhalese Sports Club]], [[Colombo]] in 2001. His highest score of 219, the highest ODI score ever,<ref>{{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/16090375.stm| title= Virender Sehwag hits record one-day international score | date = 8 December 2011|access-date=8 December 2011 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> was made against the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] at the [[Holkar Cricket Stadium]] in [[Indore]]. He has been dismissed five times in the nineties.<ref name="odidis">{{cite web|title=Statsguru – Virender Sehwag – ODI nineties|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/35263.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=start;runsmax1=99;runsmin1=90;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130120031150/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/35263.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=start;runsmax1=99;runsmin1=90;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|archive-date=20 January 2013|publisher=ESPNCricinfo|access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==

* [[Arjuna Award]] (2002)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sehwag-thrilled-at-getting-arjuna-award-125215 |title=\Sehwag 'thrilled' at getting Arjuna Award |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref>
* 2007 - Polly Umrigar Award for International cricketer of the year<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sehwag-wins-bcci-s-top-award-for-2007-08-389865|title=Sehwag wins BCCI's top award for 2007-08|publisher=ESPNcricinfo |date=9 February 2009 |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref>
* [[Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World]] 2008, 2009<ref name=WisdenLC/>
* [[2010 ICC Awards#Test Player of the Year|ICC Test Player of the Year]] 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/icc_cricket_worldcup2011/content/player/35263.html|title=Virender Sehwag|website=Cricinfo|access-date=9 September 2018}}</ref>
* [[Padma Shree]] 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/padma-bhushan-for-aamir-padma-shri-for-sehwag/story-YzPT5NqpxbAaAuphO1px4K.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605064755/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Padma-Bhushan-for-Aamir-Padma-Shri-for-Sehwag/Article1-501571.aspx|archive-date=5 June 2011|title=Padma Bhushan for Aamir, Padma Shri for Sehwag|work=Hindustan Times|date=25 January 2010 |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref>
* ''' Honours'''On 31 October 2017, [[Delhi & District Cricket Association|Delhi and District Cricket Association (DDCA)]] honoured Sehwag by naming Gate No.2 at the [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground|Arun Jaitley Stadium]] after him.<ref>{{cite web|author=Kritika Naidu |url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/98122/virender-sehwag-gate-inaugurated-at-feroz-shah-kotla-stadium-delhi-cricket-news |title=Virender Sehwag gate inaugurated at Feroz Shah Kotla |publisher=Cricbuzz |access-date=1 November 2017 }}</ref>

===Records===

====International records====
*Only batsman in the history to have scored 7,500-plus runs in both Tests & ODIs as an opener.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=2;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;qualmin1=7500;qualval1=runs;template=results;type=batting|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / One-Day Internationals / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=2;batting_positionmax2=2;batting_positionmin2=1;batting_positionval1=batting_position;batting_positionval2=batting_position;class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;qualmin1=7500;qualval1=runs;template=results;type=batting|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Fastest Test triple century for which he took 278 balls<ref name="stats.espncricinfo.com">{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Fastest triple hundreds|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284133.html|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Second fastest 250 in Tests for which he took 207 balls.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_strike_rate;runsmin1=250;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=India v Sri Lanka at Mumbai (BS), Dec 2–6, 2009: Commentary|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/indvsl2009/engine/match/430883.html?innings=1;view=commentary|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref> The record is held by [[Ben Stokes]], who took 196 balls.<ref>{{cite web|title=South Africa v England at Cape Town, Jan 2–6, 2016|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/south-africa-v-england-2015-16/engine/match/800463.html|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ben Stokes hits fastest England double century in Tests|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/35216886|access-date=4 January 2016|work=[[BBC]]|date=3 January 2016}}</ref>
* Third fastest Test double hundreds in terms of balls faced. He also has four of the top ten fastest Test double hundreds to his credit.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Fastest double hundreds|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284135.html|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Second fastest ODI double century for which he took 140 balls<ref>{{cite news |title=Highest WC score, fastest double-ton, record sixes |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/highest-wc-score-fastest-double-ton-record-sixes-837817 |access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Third-highest individual score in ODIs: 219<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / One-Day Internationals / Batting records / Most runs in an innings|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/wi/content/records/216972.html|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Second-highest number of fours in a Test innings: 47<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Most fours in an innings|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284018.html|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Second-highest number of fours in an ODI innings: 25<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / One-Day Internationals / Batting records / Most fours in an innings|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/wi/content/records/284017.html|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Highest ever Test score in history at a 100-plus strike rate: 319<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batted_score;qualmin1=100;qualval1=batting_strike_rate;runsmin1=250;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Second fastest in the world to reach to 7000 Test runs.<ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Fastest to 7000 runs|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283185.html|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Most triple centuries in Tests: 2 (joint record holder along with [[Don Bradman]], [[Brian Lara]] & [[Chris Gayle]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=hundreds;runsmin2=300;runsval2=runs;template=results;type=batting|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Most 290+ scores in Tests: 3 (joint record holder along with [[Don Bradman]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=hundreds;runsmin1=290;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Second-highest number of 250-plus Test scores: 4<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=hundreds;runsmin1=250;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Only cricketer in the Test history to score two triple centuries & to take five wickets in an innings.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batted_score;player_involve=7781;runsmin1=300;runsval1=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Australia tour of India, 3rd Test: India v Australia at Delhi, Oct 29 – Nov 2, 2008|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/345671.html|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref>
*Third-highest Test runs in a day. He achieved this feat against Sri Lanka in the 2009 Mumbai Test, where he scored 284 runs in a day. These are also the highest Test runs scored by any batsman in a day since 1933.<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Most runs in a day|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/wi/content/records/284225.html|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Highest ever Test batting strike rate among all the cricketers who have scored 2,000-plus Test runs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_strike_rate;qualmin1=2000;qualval1=runs;template=results;type=batting|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Second-highest-ever ODI batting strike rate among all the cricketers—and highest among ODI openers—who have scored 2,000-plus ODI runs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / One-Day Internationals / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_strike_rate;qualmin2=2000;qualval2=runs;template=results;type=batting|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / One-Day Internationals / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=2;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_strike_rate;qualmin2=2000;qualval2=runs;template=results;type=batting|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=23 September 2015}}</ref>
*Converted 11 successive Test hundreds into 150+ scores.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / V Sehwag / Test matches|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/35263.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=start;runsmin1=100;runsval1=runs;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Only cricketer to be part of two consecutive double-century partnerships in a Test innings. He performed this feat twice.<ref>{{cite web|title=South Africa tour of India, 1st Test: India v South Africa at Chennai, Mar 26–30, 2008|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/14065/scorecard/332911|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sri Lanka tour of India, 3rd Test: India v Sri Lanka at Mumbai (BS), Dec 2–6, 2009|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/13435/scorecard/430883|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Record haul by Sehwag and India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/records-galore-for-sehwag-and-india-437964 |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref>
*Sehwag & [[Graham Gooch]] are the only batsmen to make more than 60% of the team's runs while carrying bat through a completed Test innings.<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Carrying bat through a completed innings|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283149.html|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Highest score by a captain in the ODI innings (219).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketweb.net/statsspider/player/634225.php|title=Virender Sehwag - India Cricket|website=www.cricketweb.net|access-date=9 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketweb.net/statsspider/oneday/3223.php|title=West Indies in India 2011/12 (4th ODI)|website=www.cricketweb.net|access-date=9 September 2018}}</ref>

====National records====
* Most international runs in career as an opener: 16,119<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Combined Test, ODI and T20I records / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=2;batting_positionmin1=1;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=11;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;team=106;team=140;team=6;template=results;type=batting|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref>
*First Indian batsman to have scored a Test triple century.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batted_score;runsmin2=300;runsval2=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
* Fastest 150/200/250/300 in Tests.<ref name="stats.espncricinfo.com"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_strike_rate;runsmin1=150;runsval1=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_strike_rate;runsmin2=250;runsval2=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Fastest 150/200 in ODIs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Highest WC score, fastest double-ton, record sixes |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/highest-wc-score-fastest-double-ton-record-sixes-837817 |access-date=25 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / One-Day Internationals / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_strike_rate;runsmin1=150;runsval1=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=India v West Indies at Indore, Dec 8, 2011: Commentary|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-west-indies-2011/engine/match/536932.html?innings=1;view=commentary|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref>
*Fastest ODI fifty/century & fastest Test century outside India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / One-Day Internationals / Batting records / Fastest fifties|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284095.html|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=25 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Records / One-Day Internationals / Batting records / Fastest hundreds|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/211608.html|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=25 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Fastest hundreds|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/210170.html|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref>
*Top two highest individual Test scores.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batted_score;team=6;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
* Fastest to reach to 3000/4000/7000 Test runs.<ref name="ReferenceC"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Fastest to 3000 runs|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283177.html|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Fastest to 4000 runs|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283179.html|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
* Most Test double centuries: 6 (joint record holder along with [[Sachin Tendulkar]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=hundreds;runsmin2=200;runsval2=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Most 250-plus scores in Tests: 4<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=hundreds;runsmin1=250;runsval1=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Most Test runs in a day: 284<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Most runs in a day|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/wi/content/records/284225.html|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=25 September 2015}}</ref>
*Highest number of fours in a Test innings: 47<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
*Only Indian to have twice scored 1400-plus Test runs in a calendar year.<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Most runs in a calendar year|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284248.html|website=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 September 2015}}</ref>
*Highest ever Test batting strike rate among all Indian cricketers who have scored 1,000-plus Test runs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_strike_rate;qualmin2=1000;qualval2=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Highest ever ODI batting strike rate among all Indian cricketers who have scored 1,000-plus ODI runs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / One-Day Internationals / Batting records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_strike_rate;qualmin2=1000;qualval2=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
* Most sixes in Test career: 91<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Most sixes in career|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283122.html|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=25 September 2015}}</ref>
* Most runs from boundaries in a Test innings: 202<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Most runs from fours and sixes in an innings|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283132.html|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=25 September 2015}}</ref>
* Sehwag & [[Sachin Tendulkar]] are the only Indian cricketers to have hit 1000-plus fours in both Tests & ODIs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Batting records / Most fours in career|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284024.html|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=25 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Records / One-Day Internationals / Batting records / Most fours in career|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284022.html|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=25 September 2015}}</ref>
* Most 'Player of the Series' awards in Tests: 5 (joint record holder along with [[Sachin Tendulkar]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Individual records (captains, players, umpires) / Most player-of-the-series awards|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283469.html|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
* Third-highest 'Player of the Match' awards in Tests & ODIs: 31<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / Test matches / All-round records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=awards_match;team=6;template=results;type=allround;view=awards|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Statistics / Statsguru / One-Day Internationals / All-round records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=awards_match;team=6;template=results;type=allround;view=awards|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=22 September 2015}}</ref>
*Only Indian to have been twice honored as the [[Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World#List of award winners|Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}
*Highest individual score while carrying the bat through the complete innings.{{Clarify|date=December 2021}}{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
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Rishabh Pant

2023-09-25T11:09:32Z

Rajinderkumargill:

{{short description|Indian cricketer (born 1997)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Rishabh Pant
| image =Rishabh Pant (29693622367) (cropped).jpg
| caption= Rishabh Pant in 2018
| country = India
| fullname = Rishabh Rajendra Pant
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1997|10|04}}
| birth_place = [[Roorkee]], [[Uttarakhand]], India<ref name="Roorkee">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2016-17/content/story/1069518.html |title=People are going to be scared of bowling to Pant in the future |access-date=9 April 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
| height = 5 ft 7 in<ref>{{Cite web|first=Tim|last=Wigmore|title=The future is tall|url=https://www.thecricketmonthly.com/story/1298797/the-cricket-monthly---taller-batters-might-dominate-t20-cricket-in-the-future|date=2 February 2022|website=[[Cricinfo]]|quote=Rishabh Pant, Brendon McCullum and David Warner - all 5ft 7in - prove that small players can still hit the ball with stunning power.}}</ref>
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting = Left-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[Pace bowling|medium]]
| role = [[Wicket-keeper-batter]]

| international = yes
| internationalspan = 2017–present
| testdebutdate = 18 August
| testdebutyear = 2018
| testdebutagainst = England
| testcap = 291
| lasttestdate = 22 December
| lasttestyear = 2022
| lasttestagainst = Bangladesh

| odidebutdate = 21 October
| odidebutyear = 2018
| odidebutagainst = West Indies
| odicap = 224
| odishirt = 17
| lastodidate = 30 November
| lastodiyear = 2022
| lastodiagainst = New Zealand

| T20Idebutdate = 1 February
| T20Idebutyear = 2017
| T20Idebutagainst = England
| T20Icap = 68
| T20Ishirt = 17 (formerly 47, 77)
| lastT20Idate = 20 November
| lastT20Iyear = 2022
| lastT20Iagainst = New Zealand

| club1 = [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]
| year1 = 2015–present
| club2 = [[Delhi Capitals]]
| year2 = 2016–present
| clubnumber2 = 17

| hidedeliveries = true
| columns = 4

| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 33
| runs1 = 2,271
| bat avg1 = 43.67
| 100s/50s1 = 5/11
| top score1 = 159[[not out|*]]
| catches/stumpings1 = 119/14

| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches2 = 30
| runs2 = 865
| bat avg2 = 34.60
| 100s/50s2 = 1/5
| top score2 = 125[[not out|*]]
| catches/stumpings2 = 26/1

| column3 = [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]
| matches3 = 66
| runs3 = 987
| bat avg3 = 22.43
| 100s/50s3 = 0/3
| top score3 = 65[[not out|*]]
| catches/stumpings3 = 27/9

| column4 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches4 = 57
| runs4 = 4,123
| bat avg4 = 48.50
| 100s/50s4 = 10/19
| top score4 = 308
| catches/stumpings4 = 189/21

| date = 25 December 2022
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/931581.html Cricinfo
}}

'''Rishabh Rajendra Pant''' (born 4 October 1997) is an Indian international [[cricket]]er who plays for the [[India national cricket team|Indian cricket team]] as a [[Wicket-keeper|wicket-keeper batter]]. Having played all formats for India, he is best known for his consistency to score runs in [[Test cricket]]. Pant plays for [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]] in domestic cricket and captains [[Delhi Capitals]] in the [[Indian Premier League]].<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/931581.html |title=Rishabh Pant |access-date=25 October 2015 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He was the vice-captain of the [[2016 Under-19 Cricket World Cup squads|India U-19 team]] that was runner up at the [[2016 Under-19 Cricket World Cup]].<ref name="India">{{cite web |title=Ishan Kishan to lead India at U19 World Cup |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ishan-kishan-to-lead-india-at-u19-world-cup-954021 |access-date=22 December 2015 |work=ESPNCricinfo}}</ref>

He made his [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) debut for India in January 2017, his [[Test cricket|Test]] debut in August 2018, and his [[One Day International]] (ODI) debut in October 2018. In January 2019, Pant was named the [[ICC Men's Emerging Cricketer of the Year]] at the [[2018 ICC Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/980940 |title=Finch, Macleod, Pant and Williamson named for ICC Player Awards |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=22 January 2019}}</ref> In February 2021, Pant was named the Men's Player of the Month in the first edition of the ICC Player of the Month Awards.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2020104 |title=ICC Men's Player of the Month for January 2021: Rishabh Pant |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=8 February 2021}}</ref>

In June 2022, Pant was named as the Indian captain for the T20I series [[South African cricket team in India in 2022|against South Africa]], after the designated captain [[KL Rahul]] was ruled of the series due to an injury.<ref name=":5" />

==Early and personal life==
Rishabh Pant was born in [[Roorkee]], [[Uttarakhand]], India to Rajendra Pant and Saroj Pant. At the age of 12, Pant would travel with his mother to [[Delhi]] during the weekends to train with [[Tarak Sinha]] at the Sonnet Cricket Academy. He and his mother stayed at a [[Gurdwara]] in [[Moti Bagh]] as they did not have suitable accommodation in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/rishabh-pant-cricket-career-journey-wicketkeeper-family-sleding-5556637/|title=Keeping calm and carrying on: The cricketing journey of Rishabh Pant|date=27 January 2019|work=Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/ipl-2017/life-in-gurudwara-to-ipl-success-rishabh-pant-s-story-of-big-sacrifices/story-SJ8wLICdSNQgrRKbggz9VM.html|title=Life in Gurudwara to IPL success, Rishabh Pant's story of big sacrifices|date=10 April 2017|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

Sinha suggested Pant switch to [[Rajasthan Cricket Association|Rajasthan]] to play U-13 and U-15 cricket but to no avail. Pant was instructed by his mentor to overhaul his entire [[Batting (cricket)|batting technique]] in the hopes of becoming a better batsman.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/rishabh-pant-cricket-career-journey-wicketkeeper-family-sleding-5556637/|title=Keeping calm and carrying on: The cricketing journey of Rishabh Pant|date=27 January 2019|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=28 January 2019}}</ref> His turning point came when he was playing U-19 cricket for [[Delhi]] against [[Assam]]. Pant had top-scored with 35 in his first innings and then hit 150 in the second innings, which he claims was the most important knock in his career.<ref name=":0" />

On 1 February 2016, during the [[2016 Under-19 Cricket World Cup]], Pant hit an 18-ball fifty against [[Nepal national under-19 cricket team|Nepal]], the fastest at this level.<ref name="Fastest50">{{cite web |title=Rishabh Pant slams fastest fifty in huge India win |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rishabh-pant-slams-fastest-fifty-in-huge-india-under-19-win-against-nepal-967879 |access-date=1 February 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Rishabh's father died in April 2017, due to a cardiac arrest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/rishabh-pant-suffers-personal-tragedy-ahead-of-delhi-daredevils-ipl-2017-opener/story-lFFUMo9mEqycDgDWkoFlrN.html|title=Rishabh Pant suffers personal tragedy ahead of Delhi Daredevils' IPL 2017 opener|date=7 April 2017|website=hindustantimes|language=en|access-date=28 January 2019}}</ref>

==Domestic career==
Pant made his [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut on 22 October 2015 in the [[2015–16 Ranji Trophy]]<ref name="FC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/901763.html |title=Ranji Trophy, Group A: Delhi v Bengal at Delhi, Oct 22-25, 2015 |access-date=25 October 2015 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> and his [[List A cricket|List A]] debut the next month in the [[2015–16 Vijay Hazare Trophy]].<ref name="ListA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/902075.html |title=Vijay Hazare Trophy, 2nd Quarter-Final: Jharkhand v Delhi at Bangalore, Dec 23, 2015 |access-date=23 December 2015 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

In the [[2016–17 Ranji Trophy]], while playing a match against [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]], Pant scored 308 runs in an innings, becoming the third-youngest Indian to score a triple century in first-class cricket.<ref name="triple">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2016-17/engine/match/1053493.html |title=Ranji Trophy, Group B: Maharashtra v Delhi at Mumbai, Oct 13-16, 2016 |access-date=14 October 2016 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref><ref name="Rishabh">{{cite news |date=16 October 2016 |title=Maharashtra take lead despite Pant's triple ton |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ranji-trophy-2016-17-1053433/jharkhand-vs-karnataka-group-b-1053495/match-report-4 |access-date=16 October 2016}}</ref>

On 8 November 2016, Pant scored the fastest century in the [[Ranji Trophy]], from just 48 balls,<ref>{{cite news |title=Rishabh Pant hits 48-ball hundred |work=ESPN Cricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rishabh-pant-hits-48-ball-hundred-1065212 |access-date=9 November 2016}}</ref> in Delhi's match against [[Jharkhand cricket team|Jharkhand]].<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2016-17/engine/match/1053573.html | title = Ranji Trophy: Delhi v Jharkhand at Thumba, Nov 5-8, 2016 | work = ESPN Cricinfo | access-date = 9 November 2016}}</ref>

In February 2017, Pant was named [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]'s captain for the [[2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy]]. He took over from [[Gautam Gambhir]], who led Delhi to the final of the previous season. Delhi coach [[Bhaskar Pillai]] said it was a "consensus decision" to prepare Pant for the future.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pant to captain Delhi in Vijay Hazare Trophy |work=ESPN Cricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rishabh-pant-to-captain-delhi-in-vijay-hazare-trophy-1081731 |access-date=9 February 2017}}</ref>

On 14 January 2018, in the [[2017–18 Zonal T20 League]] match between [[Himachal Pradesh cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]] and Delhi, Pant scored the second-fastest century in a Twenty20 match, making 100 from 32 balls.<ref name="PantT20100">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8661/report/1130710/ |title=Pant wallops 32-ball hundred, the fastest by an Indian |access-date=14 January 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

==Indian Premier League==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; float:right; clear:right; text-align:center; margin-right:15px"
!Season
!Team
!Matches
!Runs
|-
|| [[2016 Indian Premier League|2016]] ||style="text-align:left;"| [[Delhi Capitals|Delhi Daredevils]] || 10 || 198
|-
|| [[2017 Indian Premier League|2017]] ||style="text-align:left;"| [[Delhi Capitals|Delhi Daredevils]] || 14 || 366
|-
|| [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018]] ||style="text-align:left;"| [[Delhi Capitals|Delhi Daredevils]] || 14 || 684
|-
|| [[2019 Indian Premier League|2019]] ||style="text-align:left;"| [[Delhi Capitals]] || 16 || 488
|-
|| [[2020 Indian Premier League|2020]] ||style="text-align:left;"| [[Delhi Capitals]] || 14 || 343
|-
|| [[2021 Indian Premier League|2021]] ||style="text-align:left;"| [[Delhi Capitals]]|| 16|| 419
|-
|| [[2022 Indian Premier League|2022]] ||style="text-align:left;"| [[Delhi Capitals]] || 14 || 340
|-
!Total || || 98 || 2838
|-
| colspan="4"; | {{updated|30 May 2023}} – Source: IPL T20<ref name="IPLT20">{{cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/teams/delhi-capitals/squad-details/2972|work=IPL T20|title= squad Delhi Capitals- Rishabh Pant }}</ref>
|}
Pant was purchased by the [[Delhi Daredevils]] ahead of the [[2016 Indian Premier League]] on the same day he scored a century for [[India national under-19 cricket team|India U-19 team]] in the [[2016 Under-19 Cricket World Cup]], guiding them into the semi-finals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-rishabh-pant-powers-india-u-19-to-semi-finals-on-his-ipl-pay-day-2174661|title=Rishabh Pant powers India U-19 to semi-finals on his IPL 'Pay Day'|date=6 February 2016|work=DNA India|access-date=7 February 2016}}</ref> Playing his third game of the season, Pant made 69 runs off 40 balls to help Delhi secure an eight-wicket victory over [[Gujarat Lions]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ipl-2016-968923/gujarat-lions-vs-delhi-daredevils-31st-match-980961/match-report|title=Pant, bowlers help Daredevils crush Lions|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=4 January 2022|date=3 May 2016|first=Nikhil|last=Kalro}}</ref> In the [[2017 Indian Premier League|2017 season]], he scored 97 runs from 43 balls against the same team.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-lists/pant-samson-and-five-scorching-fifties-from-ipls-teens/209530|title=Pant, Samson and five scorching fifties from IPL's teens|access-date=5 May 2017|work=Wisden India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/indian-premier-league-2017/ipl-live-cricket-score-dd-vs-gl-1689637|title=IPL Highlights, DD Vs GL: Samson, Pant Power Delhi To 7-Wicket Win Vs Gujarat|access-date=5 May 2017|work=Sports NDTV}}</ref>

During the [[2018 Indian Premier League]], Pant scored an unbeaten 128 from 63 balls against the [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]], making it the then highest individual score by an Indian cricketer in IPL history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/686216 |title=Rishabh Pant rewrites records with 128* off 63 balls |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=11 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/1136602/delhi-daredevils-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-42nd-match-indian-premier-league-2018|title=Rishabh Pant's blistering 128* went in wain as Williamson-Dhawan combo thrashed Delhi Daredevils with a unbroken record stand of 176 runs|website=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=11 May 2018}}</ref> He also became the second youngest player to score a century in the IPL.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 May 2021|first=Rohan|last=Sen|title=This day that year: Rishabh Pant sets new record for highest IPL score by an Indian with unbeaten 128 vs SRH|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/this-day-that-year-rishabh-pant-smashes-128-goes-in-vain-against-sunrisers-hyderabad-dc-vs-srh-1800773-2021-05-10|access-date=27 August 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> In March 2021, Pant was named the captain of the Delhi Capitals for the [[2021 Indian Premier League]] after the regular captain [[Shreyas Iyer]] was ruled out of the entire tournament due to an injury.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2021-rishabh-pant-named-delhi-capitals-captain-1257307 |title=Rishabh Pant to lead Delhi Capitals in IPL 2021 |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=30 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IPL 2021: Rishabh Pant has got the intelligence to be one step ahead of the opponents, says Pragyan Ojha|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/ipl-2021/story/pragyan-ojha-praises-delhi-capitals-captain-rishabh-pant-ipl-14-1791374-2021-04-15|access-date=27 August 2021|website=India Today|language=en|date=15 April 2021}}</ref> He was retained as captain for the [[2022 Indian Premier League|2022 IPL season]] as well.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=C. A. |date=31 March 2022 |title=IPL 2022: I Am Sure Rishabh Pant Will Lead Delhi Capitals To Their Maiden Title Win This Year- Khaleel Ahmed |url=https://cricketaddictor.com/indian-premier-league-ipl-2022/ipl-2022-i-am-sure-rishabh-pant-will-lead-delhi-capitals-to-their-maiden-title-win-this-year-khaleel-ahmed/ |access-date=5 April 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==International career==
=== Early years (2017–19) ===
[[File:England v India, Trent Bridge (44180102251).jpg|Rishabh Pant wicket-keeping in [[Indian cricket team in England in 2018|India vs England series 2018]]|left|thumb]]
In January 2017, Pant was named in India's [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) squad for their series [[English cricket team in India in 2016–17|against England]].<ref name="IndLOI">{{cite web |title=Yuvraj recalled, Kohli named ODI and T20I captain |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/yuvraj-recalled-kohli-named-odi-and-t20i-captain-1075923 |access-date=6 January 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He made his debut for India in the third T20I against England at the [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]] on 1 February 2017.<ref name="T20I">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1034829.html |title=England tour of India, 3rd T20I: India v England at Bangalore, Feb 1, 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref> Pant was the then youngest player to debut for India in a T20I match at the age of 19 years 120 days.<ref name="youngest">{{cite news |title=Record bowling figures for India, and a near-record collapse from England |work=ESPN Cricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/stats-record-bowling-figures-for-india-and-a-near-record-collapse-from-england-1080564 |access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref>

In February 2018, he was named in India's T20I squad for the [[2018 Nidahas Trophy]].<ref name="Nidahas">{{cite web |url=http://www.bcci.tv/news/2018/press-releases/17166/rohit-sharma-to-lead-india-in-nidahas-trophy-2018 |title=Rohit Sharma to lead India in Nidahas Trophy 2018 | work=BCCI Press Release|access-date=25 February 2018 |date=25 February 2018}}</ref> In July 2018, Pant was named in India's [[Test cricket|Test]] squad for the series [[Indian cricket team in England in 2018|against England]].<ref name="IndTestSquad">{{cite web |title=Pant, Kuldeep picked for first three England Tests, Rohit dropped |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rishabh-pant-kuldeep-yadav-picked-for-first-three-tests-bhuvneshwar-kumar-doubtful-1152702 |access-date=18 July 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He made his Test debut against [[England cricket team|England]] on 18 August 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1119551.html |title=3rd Test, India tour of Ireland and England at Nottingham, Aug 18-22 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=18 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/virat-kohli-presents-maiden-test-cap-to-20-year-old-rishabh-pant-1317615-2018-08-18 |title=20-year-old Rishabh Pant becomes India's 291st Test player |work=India Today |access-date=18 August 2018}}</ref> He became the first batter for India to get off the mark in Test cricket with a six in the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/rishabh-pant-creates-history-on-test-debut-at-trent-bridge-1317928-2018-08-18 |title=Rishabh Pant creates history on Test debut at Trent Bridge |work=India Today |access-date=19 August 2018}}</ref> On 11 September 2018, Pant scored his maiden Test century, against England also becoming the second-youngest [[wicket-keeper]] and the first Indian wicket-keeper to score a Test century in England.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/rishabh-pant-second-youngest-wicketkeeper-to-score-a-test-century-744796 |title=Rishabh Pant second-youngest wicketkeeper to score a Test century |work=Cricket Country |access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/india-in-england/india-vs-england-pant-becomes-first-indian-wicketkeeper-to-score-century-in-england/articleshow/65773046.cms|title=India vs England: Pant becomes first Indian wicketkeeper to score century in England - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=14 September 2018}}</ref> The following month, he was named in India's [[One Day International]] (ODI) squad for their series [[West Indian cricket team in India in 2018–19|against the West Indies]].<ref name="IndODI">{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/877679 |title=Kohli returns to ODI squad as Pant replaces Karthik |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=11 October 2018}}</ref> He made his ODI debut for India against the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] on 21 October 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157754.html |title=1st ODI (D/N), West Indies tour of India at Guwahati, Oct 21 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=21 October 2018}}</ref>

In December 2018, during the [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2018–19#1st Test|first Test against Australia]], Pant took eleven catches, the most by a wicket-keeper for India in a Test match.<ref name="1TestStats">{{cite web |date=10 December 2018 |title=Stats - India savour a high not felt in 50 years |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/stats-india-savour-a-high-not-felt-in-50-years-1168466 |access-date=10 December 2018 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> In January 2019, during the [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2018–19#4th Test|fourth Test against Australia]], Pant became the first wicket-keeper for India to score a century in a Test match in Australia.<ref name="Pant100">{{cite web |title=Pant roars into record books with second Test ton |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/pant-roars-into-record-books-with-second-test-ton-1170691 |access-date=4 January 2019 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

In June 2019, Pant was called up to [[2019 Cricket World Cup squads#India|India's squad]] at the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]] as a replacement for [[Shikhar Dhawan]], who suffered a hairline fracture of his left thumb during India's game against Australia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rishabh Pant to join Indian squad as cover for Shikhar Dhawan |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rishabh-pant-to-join-indian-squad-as-cover-for-shikhar-dhawan-1188441 |access-date=12 June 2019 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Shikhar Dhawan ruled out of World Cup, Rishabh Pant confirmed as replacement |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/shikhar-dhawan-ruled-out-of-world-cup-rishabh-pant-confirmed-as-replacement-1189665 |access-date=19 June 2019 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Following the World Cup, the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) named Pant as the rising star of the squad.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1277753 |title=CWC19 report card: India |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=12 July 2019}}</ref>

In September 2019, during the [[Indian cricket team in the West Indies and the United States in 2019#2nd Test|second Test against the West Indies]], Pant became the fastest wicket-keeper for India to affect fifty dismissals in Test cricket.<ref name="Pant50">{{cite web|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/india-vs-west-indies-2nd-test-rishabh-pant-fastest-50-dismissals-surpass-ms-dhoni-1594387-2019-09-02|title=Rishabh Pant overtakes MS Dhoni to fastest 50 dismissals in Test cricket|work=India Today|access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref> In January 2021, during the [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2020–21#4th Test|fourth Test against Australia]], Pant became the fastest wicket-keeper for India to reach 1,000 runs in Test cricket.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rishabh Pant notches up 1000 Test runs, breaks MS Dhoni's record as Brisbane Test sees thrilling finale|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/cricket/report-rishabh-pant-reaches-1000-runs-in-tests-breaks-record-set-by-ms-dhoni-as-india-stay-on-course-for-historic-win-in-brisbane-test-vs-australia-2868987|access-date=19 January 2021 |work=Daily News & Analysis|date=19 January 2021}}</ref>

=== Form slump (2019–20) ===
The [[2019–20 Indian cricket season|2019–20 home season]] was billed as an important season for Pant<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 October 2019|title=Whether MS Dhoni wants to come back, that's for him to decide: Ravi Shastri|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ms-dhoni-future-plans-indian-cricket-team-head-coach-ravi-shastri-interview-1607407-2019-10-09|access-date=25 May 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> with [[MS Dhoni]] announcing a hiatus from international cricket.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Here's Why Former India Captain MS Dhoni Is Making Himself Unavailable For National Duty - REVEALED|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/sports-news-heres-why-former-india-captain-ms-dhoni-is-making-himself-unavailable-for-national-duty-revealed/339453|access-date=25 May 2021|website=Outlook India}}</ref> India went into the season in search of a new wicket-keeping mainstay with Pant as one of the front-runners.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 October 2019|title=National selectors on Dhoni, to Dhoni: We're moving on|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ms-dhoni-india-bangladesh-series-squad-rishab-pant-6086830/|access-date=25 May 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> However, ordinary performances from the left-hander and the emergence of [[KL Rahul]] as a wicket-keeping option<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 January 2020|title=Will continue with KL Rahul as wicketkeeper for a while: Virat Kohli after series win vs Australia|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/india-vs-australia-odi-series-virat-kohli-kl-rahul-wicketkeeper-pant-dhoni-1638360-2020-01-20|access-date=25 May 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> meant that Pant slipped down the pecking order.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 November 2020|first=Amit|last=Kumar|title=Rishabh Pant: The curious case of Rishabh Pant; coaches feel he is 'a long-term investment' {{!}} Cricket News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/the-curious-case-of-rishabh-pant-coaches-feel-he-is-a-long-term-investment/articleshow/79016016.cms|access-date=25 May 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

A dismal show in the [[2020 Indian Premier League|2020 IPL season]] didn't help either. Pant, who had scored a cumulative 1172 runs with a [[Strike rate (cricket)|strike rate]] of 168 in the last two seasons, only managed to amass 343 runs with a strike rate of 113.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IPLT20.com - Indian Premier League Official Website|url=https://www.iplt20.com/teams/delhi-capitals/squad/2972/rishabh-pant|access-date=25 May 2021|website=www.iplt20.com|language=en}}</ref> His only fifty came in the finals in a losing cause.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 November 2020|title=Rishabh Pant Hit Maiden Fifty of IPL 2020 in Final and Trolls are 'Deleting' Their Memes|url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/rishabh-pant-hit-maiden-fifty-of-ipl-2020-in-final-and-trolls-are-deleting-their-memes-3068279.html|access-date=25 May 2021|website=www.news18.com|language=en}}</ref>

Pant was consequently dropped from the limited-overs team touring [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2020–21|Australia in 2020–21]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bala|date=11 November 2020|title=Indian squad for the tour of Australia|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/ind-v-aus-2020-indian-squad-tour-australia|access-date=25 May 2021|website=www.sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref> He, however, kept his place in the Test team but did not make it to the playing eleven of the first Test in Adelaide.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 December 2020|title=India vs Australia 1st Test Playing 11: Prithvi Shaw, Wriddhiman Saha to play in Adelaide|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/india-vs-australia-1st-test-playing-11-players-list-squads-7107095/|access-date=25 May 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

During this period, Pant was heavily criticized by fans and the media. Disdainful comparisons with Indian cricket legend MS Dhoni were often brought up.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 November 2020|title='He can never be MS Dhoni': Gautam Gambhir feels Rishabh Pant 'has a lot to improve'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/he-can-never-be-ms-dhoni-gautam-gambhir-has-advice-for-rishabh-pant-asks-media-to-stop-comparing-him-to-msd/story-ypttZUmNtZbyHqud2t4Q7M.html|access-date=25 May 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=4 November 2019|title='You can't make MS Dhoni': Rishabh Pant trolled for poor showing vs Bangladesh|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/india-vs-bangladesh-1st-t20i-delhi-rishabh-pant-trolled-ms-dhoni-sanju-samson-1615450-2019-11-04|access-date=25 May 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> There were instances of the crowd chanting ''"Dhoni! Dhoni!"'' when Pant made a mistake on the field.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Not respectful' to chant MS Dhoni's name to wind up Rishabh Pant - Virat Kohli|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/not-respectful-to-chant-ms-dhoni-s-name-to-wind-up-rishabh-pant-virat-kohli-1209123|access-date=25 May 2021|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref>

=== Return to form (2021–present) ===
India was bowled out for 36 in the second innings of the first Test of the [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2020–21|Border Gavaskar Trophy 2020–21]] and hence lost the test by 8 wickets despite getting a healthy first-innings lead.<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 December 2020|title=Stats - India hit record low with 36 all out|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/30550761/aus-vs-ind-1st-test-adelaide-stats-india-hit-record-low-36-all-out|access-date=25 May 2021|website=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> Following this, Rishabh Pant was picked ahead of [[Wriddhiman Saha]] for the second test in [[Melbourne Cricket Ground|Melbourne]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=AUS vs IND, Boxing Day Test: Shubman Gill, Mohammed Siraj To Make Debuts; Rishabh Pant, Ravindra Jadeja Also In Playing XI {{!}} Cricket News|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/australia-vs-india-2020-21/2nd-test-shubman-gill-rishabh-pant-ravindra-jadeja-in-prithvi-shaw-wriddhiman-saha-dropped-2343447|access-date=25 May 2021|website=NDTVSports.com|language=en}}</ref>

While Pant scored 29 in the first innings of the Melbourne Test,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mustafi|first=Suvajit|date=28 December 2020|title=How Rishabh Pant's breezy cameo swung the momentum in India's favour at Melbourne|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/ind-v-aus-how-rishabh-pant-s-breezy-cameo-changed-india-s-momentum-melbourne|access-date=25 May 2021|website=www.sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref> it was at [[Sydney Cricket Ground|Sydney]] that he played a career-changing knock.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 January 2021|title=Rishabh Pant: The spark that triggered India's Sydney resistance|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/rishabh-pant-the-spark-that-triggered-india-s-sydney-resistance-101610419174156.html|access-date=25 May 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> With 97 overs to survive on the last day, he played a counter-attacking knock of 97 runs off just 118 balls, also putting up a 148-run partnership with [[Cheteshwar Pujara]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bruised and abused, Indians make their own luck at the SCG|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/aus-vs-ind-2020-21-3rd-test-bruised-and-abused-indians-make-their-own-luck-at-the-scg-1247526|access-date=25 May 2021|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Ravindra Jadeja suffers dislocated left thumb, Rishabh Pant has elbow injury|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/aus-vs-ind-3rd-test-depleted-india-stretched-further-with-rishabh-pant-and-ravindra-jadeja-injuries-1247165|access-date=25 May 2021|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref> The match ultimately ended in a [[Result (cricket)#Draw|draw]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ajinkya Rahane: Draw at SCG 'as good as winning a Test match'|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/aus-vs-ind-2020-21-3rd-test-pant-ashwin-pujara-vihari-ajinkya-rahane-draw-at-scg-as-good-as-winning-a-test-match-1247525|access-date=25 May 2021|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref>

India had many first-choice players unavailable due to injury,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=15 January 2021|first=Akshay|last=Ramesh |title=Brisbane Test: No Jasprit Bumrah and R Ashwin, Indian bowling attack has total experience of 4 Tests|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/australia-vs-india-4th-test-bumrah-ashwin-injuries-siraj-bowling-attack-natarajan-shardul-sundar-1759232-2021-01-15|access-date=25 May 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=India's walking wounded - Jadeja ruled out of Brisbane Test|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/aus-vs-ind-3rd-test-india-s-walking-wounded-jadeja-ruled-out-of-brisbane-test-1247534|access-date=25 May 2021|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=AUS vs IND: Hanuma Vihari Out Of Brisbane Test, Unlikely For England Series, Shardul Thakur Likely Replacement For Ravindra Jadeja, Says Report {{!}} Cricket News|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/australia-vs-india-2020-21/hanuma-vihari-out-of-brisbane-test-unlikely-for-england-series-shardul-thakur-likely-replacement-for-ravindra-jadeja-says-report-2350924|access-date=25 May 2021|website=NDTVSports.com|language=en}}</ref> and were the underdogs going into the match played in [[The Gabba]] where Australia had not been defeated since 1988.<ref>{{Cite web|title=An ultimate decider that will test resilience and composure|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-australia-2020-21-1223867/australia-vs-india-4th-test-1223872/match-preview|access-date=25 May 2021|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref> Pant put in a match-winning performance on day five, as India chased down a target of 328 in the fourth innings,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=AUS vs IND: Rishabh Pant Heroics Help India Conquer Fortress Gabba, Clinch Series 2-1 {{!}} Cricket News|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/australia-vs-india-2020-21/rishabh-pant-cheteshwar-pujara-shubman-gill-shine-as-india-win-brisbane-test-series-2-1-2354656|access-date=25 May 2021|website=NDTVSports.com|language=en}}</ref> scoring an unbeaten 89.<ref name=":4" />

In September 2021, Pant was named in India's squad for the [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |title=India's T20 World Cup squad: R Ashwin picked, MS Dhoni mentor |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-s-2021-t20-world-cup-squad-r-ashwin-picked-ms-dhoni-named-mentor-1276821 |access-date=8 September 2021 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> At the annual [[ICC Awards]] in January 2022, Pant was named in [[ICC Men's Test Team of the Year]] for 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2451778|title= ICC Men's Test Team of the Year revealed |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=21 January 2022}}</ref> In March 2022, during the second match [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2021–22|against Sri Lanka]], Pant scored the fastest half-century by a batter for India in a Test match, breaking the record previously held by [[Kapil Dev]]. He brought up his half-century in just 28 deliveries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rishabh Pant breaks Kapil Dev's record of fastest Test fifty by an Indian|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/sri-lanka-in-india/rishabh-pant-breaks-kapil-devs-record-of-fastest-test-fifty-by-an-indian/articleshow/90187205.cms|access-date=13 March 2022|work=Times of India}}</ref>

In May 2022, Pant was named as the vice-captain of the Indian team for the [[South African cricket team in India in 2022|South Africa tour of India 2022]] series. However, one day before the first match of the series, Pant was named as the captain, after India's captain [[KL Rahul]] was ruled of the series out due to an injury.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Injured Rahul and Kuldeep out of South Africa T20I series, Pant to lead India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ind-vs-sa-t20i-series-injury-puts-kl-rahul-kuldeep-yadav-out-of-south-africa-t20i-series-rishabh-pant-to-lead-india-1318849 |access-date=2022-06-08 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> At the age of 24 years and 248 days, Pant became the second-youngest captain to lead India in a T20I match.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Captain Rishabh Pant set to overtake Virat Kohli, MS Dhoni in elite list during 1st T20I against South Africa |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/captain-rishabh-pant-set-to-overtake-virat-kohli-ms-dhoni-in-elite-list-during-1st-t20i-against-suth-africa-article-92090009 |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=TimesNow}}</ref>

In July 2022, in the final match of [[Indian cricket team in England in 2022|India's tour of England]], Pant recorded his maiden [[Century (cricket)|century]] in ODI cricket scoring 125 runs and remaining [[not out]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/england-vs-india-rishabh-pant-hits-maiden-odi-hundred-to-rattle-england-in-manchester-1976733-2022-07-17 |title=England vs India: Rishabh Pant hits maiden ODI hundred in 27th match |work=India Today |access-date=17 July 2022}}</ref>

==2022 car crash==
On 30 December 2022, Pant was involved in a near-fatal car crash on the [[Delhi]]-[[Dehradun]] highway near [[Roorkee]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rishabh Pant in near-fatal car accident near Roorkee, admitted with injuries |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/rishabh-pant-in-near-fatal-car-accident-near-roorkee-admitted-with-injuries-2315250-2022-12-30 |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He was cleared of any serious injury and remained stable despite sustaining injuries to his head, back and feet including two cuts on his forehead and a [[ligament]] tear to his right knee. He also hurt his right wrist, ankle and toe and suffered [[Abrasion (medical)|abrasion]] injuries to his back.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rishabh Pant: India wicketkeeper undergoes plastic surgery after serious car crash |url=https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12123/12777023/rishabh-pant-india-wicketkeeper-undergoes-plastic-surgery-after-serious-car-crash |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=Sky Sports |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-30 |title=Rishabh Pant: Indian cricketer injured in car accident |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-64115325 |access-date=2022-12-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stambaugh |first=Swati Gupta,Vedika Sud,Alex |date=2022-12-30 |title=India cricket star Rishabh Pant injured in car accident |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/30/sport/rishabh-pant-cricketer-india-car-accident-intl-hnk-spt/index.html |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rishabh Pant accident: He is stable and undergoing scans, confirms BCCI Secretary |url=https://www.jkyouth.com/rishabh-pant-accident-he-is-stable-and-undergoing-scans-confirms-bcci-secretary.html |publisher=JKYouth Newspaper |date=31 December 2022}}</ref> Pant was initially admitted to Saksham Hospital, near New Delhi, and was transferred to [[Max Healthcare|Max Hospital]] in Dehradun.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rishabh Pant stable after car accident, MRI scans normal |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2998671 |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pant likely to be flown to Delhi or Mumbai for further treatment |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/125023/pant-likely-to-be-flown-to-delhi-or-mumbai-for-further-treatment |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=Cricbuzz |language=en}}</ref> The [[MRI scans]] of his brain and spine indicated they were normal but he was advised to undergo plastic surgery for his facial injuries, lacerations and abrasions. Scans of his ankle and knee were postponed due to pain and swelling.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rishabh Pant's brain and spine MRI scan results normal after car crash |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rishabh-pant-brain-and-spine-mri-scan-results-normal-after-car-crash-1351686 |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Pant was reportedly driving his Mercedes SUV car from Roorkee to New Delhi and was the only person inside the vehicle, according to eye-witnesses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rishabh Pant suffers multiple injuries in serious car crash |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rishabh-pant-injured-in-car-crash-on-way-to-delhi-1351631 |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> The car reportedly caught fire when it collided with a central divider on the road. The incident was reported to have taken place at 5.30am and the car [[Skid (automobile)|skid]]ded for about 200 metres before hitting the road divider.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Rishabh Pant was rescued: 'The car had already caught sparks so I and the conductor rushed to get him out' |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rishabh-pant-car-accident-bus-drivers-eye-witness-account-of-crash-1351697 |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-30 |title=India wicketkeeper Rishabh Pant 'lucky to survive' after serious car accident |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/dec/30/indian-cricketer-rishabh-pant-injured-in-serious-car-accident |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Some sources claimed that Pant may have fallen asleep while driving.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-30 |title=Rishabh Pant met with an accident; fell asleep while driving: Note these crucial DON'TS to avoid car accidents |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/rishabh-pant-met-with-an-accident-fell-asleep-while-driving-note-these-crucial-donts-to-avoid-car-accidents/photostory/96620080.cms |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> He was rescued by Sushil Kumar, a bus driver, and Paramjeet Singh, a bus conductor, both employees of [[Haryana Roadways]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The good Samaritans who came to Rishabh Pant's rescue |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/125034/the-good-samaritans-who-came-to-rishabh-pants-rescue |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=Cricbuzz |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sushil Mann, the hero who saved Rishabh Pant, recalls horrifying moments from car crash |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/sushil-mann-the-hero-who-saved-rishabh-pant-recalls-horrifying-moments-from-car-crash-2315487-2022-12-30 |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Ranji Trophy triple centuries]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=931581}}

{{India Squad 2019 Cricket World Cup}}
{{ICC Emerging Player of the Year}}
{{Delhi Capitals squad}}
{{Delhi cricket team squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pant, Rishabh}}
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:India Test cricketers]]
[[Category:India One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:India Twenty20 International cricketers]]
[[Category:Delhi cricketers]]
[[Category:Delhi Capitals cricketers]]
[[Category:India Red cricketers]]
[[Category:Indian A cricketers]]
[[Category:People from Haridwar district]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 2019 Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:Wicket-keepers]]

Siddharth Sukhlal Kushwaha

2023-09-17T05:10:07Z

Rajinderkumargill: Produced a new article.

{{Short description|Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh }}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =Siddarth Sukhlal Kushwaha
| image = File:Siddarth Sukhlal Kushwaha.png
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| residence =
| office1 = Member of the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|constituency1= [[Satna Assembly constituency|Satna]]
|term_start1 = 2018
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = Shankar Lal Tiwari
| successor1 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| otherparty =
| alma_mater =
| parents = Sukhlal Kushwaha
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
| spouse =
| nationality = Indian
| children =
}}
'''Siddharth Sukhlal Kushwaha''' alias '''Dabbu''' is an [[Indian National Congress]] politician from [[Madhya Pradesh]], who is serving as a member of the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from 2018 representing [[Satna Assembly constituency]]. He is a son of former Member of Indian Parliament [[Sukhlal Kushwaha]], who was elected to lower house of Indian Parliament ([[Lok Sabha]]) from [[Satna Lok Sabha constituency]] by defeating former Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, [[Arjun Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Arjun Singh]]. Siddarth became M.L.A for the first time in 2018 Madhya Pradesh Assembly elections by defeating three term M.L.A., Shankarlal Tiwari.<ref name=bhaskar>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/mp/satna/news/siddharth-kushwaha-mla-from-satna-will-be-the-candidate-congress-released-the-list-bjp-still-confused-129916507.html|title=MLA from Satna, Siddarth Kushwaha will be congress Mayor candidate|website=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]|accessdate=16 September 2023|archive-date=16 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616081916/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/mp/satna/news/siddharth-kushwaha-mla-from-satna-will-be-the-candidate-congress-released-the-list-bjp-still-confused-129916507.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://prsindia.org/mlatrack/siddharth-sukhlal-kushwaha|title=Siddarth Kushwaha biography|website=PRS Legislative Research|accessdate=16 September 2023|archive-date=16 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916173322/https://prsindia.org/mlatrack/siddharth-sukhlal-kushwaha|url-status=live}}</ref> He also served as president of [[Other Backward Class]] wing of the Indian National Congress for the state of Madhya Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/cong-mla-siddharth-kushwaha-is-obc-dept-chief/articleshow/92155309.cms|title=Siddarth Kushwaha is OBC department chief|website=Times of India|accessdate=17 September 2023|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707111641/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/cong-mla-siddharth-kushwaha-is-obc-dept-chief/articleshow/92155309.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Political career==
Kushwaha is a son of [[Sukhlal Kushwaha]], a former Member of Indian Parliament, who was elected to [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of Indian Parliament from Satna Lok Sabha constituency. He contested the Assembly elections of 2018 and was elected as Member of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Satna Assembly constituency. In this election, he defeated three term MLA Shankarlal Tiwari. The Assembly constituency, from which he is elected is considered as an [[Other Backward Class|OBC]] stronghold and in order to reap the benefits of [[caste]] equation, he was nominated as the candidate of Indian National Congress for the [[Mayor]] elections later, in the last years of his term as a Member of Legislative Assembly. Soon afterwards, the INC leadership made him president of [[Other Backward Class]] wing of the party for the state of Madhya Pradesh. It was believed by the political analysts that this was done in a bid to reward him for not changing his loyalty during the fall of Indian National Congress government in [[2020 Madhya Pradesh political crisis|2020 political crisis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/madhya-pradesh-chhattisgarh/mp/satna-mla-siddhartha-kushwaha-appoint-mp-nikay-chunav-obc-state-president-mayor-candidate-ngmp/1216841|title=सतना विधायक सिद्धार्थ कुशवाहा को कमलनाथ ने दी बड़ी जिम्मेदारी, OBC वोटबैंक पर है नजर|website=Zee News|accessdate=16 September 2023|archive-date=22 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622191632/https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/madhya-pradesh-chhattisgarh/mp/satna-mla-siddhartha-kushwaha-appoint-mp-nikay-chunav-obc-state-president-mayor-candidate-ngmp/1216841|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2018/madhya-pradesh/satna-rural-election-result-s12a063/|website=News18|title=Satna Assembly constituency result|accessdate=16 September 2023|archive-date=16 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916173311/https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2018/madhya-pradesh/satna-rural-election-result-s12a063/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/satna/mp-election-2023-satna-bjp-will-not-be-easy-to-defeat-congress-sukhlal-kushwaha-mla-810127.html|title=MP Election 2023: सतना सीट पर कांग्रेस को हराना भाजपा के लिए नहीं होगा आसान, क्या कहते हैं सियासी आंकड़े?|website=one india|accessdate=16 September 2023|archive-date=27 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827072221/https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/satna/mp-election-2023-satna-bjp-will-not-be-easy-to-defeat-congress-sukhlal-kushwaha-mla-810127.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kushwaha is considered close to former Chief Minister of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Kamal Nath]]. He was raised to the position of [[Other Backward Class]] wing of Madhya Pradesh Congress by replacing the [[Rajya Sabha]] member and veteran Congress leader, [[Rajmani Patel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/bhopal/mla-siddharth-became-the-president-of-congress-obc-department-686949.html|title=Siddarth Kushwaha became the president of Congress' OBC department|website=One India|accessdate=17 September 2023|archive-date=30 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530085647/https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/bhopal/mla-siddharth-became-the-president-of-congress-obc-department-686949.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Earlier, in Assembly elections conducted in [[Raigaon Assembly constituency]], Kushwaha was given charge of campaign to ensure the victory of INC candidate. He was reported to have played significant role in ensuring the victory of INC candidate from this constituency, which was, until then, considered as stronghold of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name=bhaskar/>

==Personal life==
Kushwaha completed his bachelor's degree in 2007 from Government Swashasi College in Satna. He, besides being a politician, also runs a transport business.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-mp-congress-mlas-siddharth-kushwaha-suneel-saraf-accused-of-molesting-woman-on-train-2991042|website=DNA India|title=Congress MLAs accused of molesting women|accessdate=16 September 2023|archive-date=13 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313133233/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-mp-congress-mlas-siddharth-kushwaha-suneel-saraf-accused-of-molesting-woman-on-train-2991042|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kushwaha, Siddharth Sukhlal}}
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Satna district]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Jharkhand cricket team

2023-08-20T02:55:57Z

Rajinderkumargill: /* Notable players */

{{short description|Indian cricket team}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| name = Jharkhand cricket team
| image = JSCA cricket stadium Entrance.jpg
| captain = [[Virat Singh]]
| coach = Shiv Shankar Rao
| founded = 2004
| ground = [[JSCA International Stadium Complex]], [[Ranchi]]
| capacity = 50,000
| owner = [[Jharkhand Cricket Association]]
| first_fc = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| first_fc_year = 2004
| first_fc_venue = [[Madhavrao Scindia Cricket Ground|Madhavrao Scindia Cricket Ground, Rajkot]]
| title1 = [[Ranji Trophy]]
| title1wins = 0
| title2 = [[Irani Cup]]
| title2wins = 0
| title3 = [[Vijay Hazare Trophy]]
| title3wins = 1 (2010-11)
| title4 = [[Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]]
| title4wins = 0
| website = [http://www.cricjharkhand.org/ Jharkhand State Cricket Association]
}}

The '''Jharkhand cricket team''' is a [[First-class cricket|first-class]] [[cricket]] team based in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cricketnext.in.com/live/news/nadeem-retained-as-jharkhand-ranji-skipper/67576-13.html |title=Nadeem retained as Jharkhand Ranji skipper : Cricketnext |website=cricketnext.in.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906203919/http://cricketnext.in.com/live/news/nadeem-retained-as-jharkhand-ranji-skipper/67576-13.html |archive-date=6 September 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-04/ranji-trophy/33581009_1_jharkhand-ranji-team-jharkhand-state-cricket-association-camp |title=Second camp for Jharkhand Ranji team at Keenan - Times of India |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216063110/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-04/ranji-trophy/33581009_1_jharkhand-ranji-team-jharkhand-state-cricket-association-camp |archive-date=16 February 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/sports/cricket/jharkhand-team-for-vijay-hazare-trophy-announced_737829.html|title=Jharkhand team for Vijay Hazare Trophy announced|date=18 February 2012|website=Zeenews.india.com|access-date=17 April 2021}}</ref> When the old state of Bihar was split into [[Jharkhand|Jharkhand state]] and [[Bihar|Bihar state]], the Jharkhand team took the place of the [[Bihar cricket team]], as much of the former's state's cricketing infrastructure was in [[Jharkhand]].

== History ==
[[Jharkhand State Cricket Association]] was formed on November 15, 2000 and the team made its [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut in November 2004 against [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]] in the [[Ranji Trophy|2004/05 Ranji Trophy]] at [[Madhavrao Scindia Cricket Ground]], [[Rajkot]]. The match was drawn.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/81/81051.html| title = Saurashtra v Jharkhand 2004-05| publisher = CricketArchive| access-date = 26 December 2016}}</ref>

The team won the [[Vijay Hazare Trophy|2010/11 Vijay Harare Trophy]] against [[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]] at the [[Holkar Cricket Stadium]] in [[Indore]]. Jharkhand batted first and were boosted by several useful contributions from their batsmen while Gujarat in their reply failed to measure up against a dominating bowling performance to sink to a 159-run defeat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2010-11-471506/gujarat-vs-jharkhand-final-471570/match-report|title=Nadeem stars in Jharkhand's title win|website=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=17 April 2021}}</ref>

In 2021, Jharkhand have scored 422 runs losing 9 wickets in the first innings. It is the highest ever total in 50 over domestic cricket in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sixsports.in/mi-ishan-kishan-scored-173-runs-call-in-national-team/|title=Mumbai Indians' star scored 173, earned national team call-up|website=Six Sports|date=21 February 2021|access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> In March 2022, in the preliminary quarter-final match against [[Nagaland cricket team|Nagaland]] in the [[2021–22 Ranji Trophy]], Jharkhand made their highest team total in a first-class cricket match with 880,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ranji-trophy-2021-22-1280196/jharkhand-vs-nagaland-preliminary-quarter-final-1280465/match-report-2 |title=Kushagra and Nadeem lead Jharkhand to record total |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=13 March 2022}}</ref> the [[List of Ranji Trophy records#Highest innings totals|fourth-highest team total]] in the Ranji Trophy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportstiger.com/ranji-trophy-2021-22-jharkhand-bowled-out-for-880-record-fourth-highest-ranji-trophy-team-total/ |title=Ranji Trophy 2021-22: Jharkhand bowled out for 880, record fourth-highest Ranji Trophy team total |work=Sports Tiger |access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref>

==Home grounds==
{| class ="wikitable sortable"
|-
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Dhanbad|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]] || [[Dhanbad]] || [[Jharkhand]] || 2006 || ||
|-
| [[Railway Stadium, Dhanbad|Railway Stadium]] || [[Dhanbad]] || [[Jharkhand]] || 2009 || ||
|-
| [[Nehru Stadium, Giridih|Nehru Stadium]] || [[Giridih]] || [[Jharkhand]] || 1989 || 1989 ||
|-
| [[Hazaribagh Stadium]] || [[Hazaribagh]] || [[Jharkhand]] || 1988 || 1988 ||
|-
| [[Tata Digwadih Stadium]] || [[Jamadoba]] || [[Jharkhand]] || 1969 || ||
|-
| [[Keenan Stadium]] || [[Jamshedpur]] || [[Jharkhand]] || 1939 || 2008 || Hosted ten ODIs.
|-
| [[Telco Club Ground]] || [[Jamshedpur]] || [[Jharkhand]] || 2004 || 2004 ||
|-
| [[Birsa Munda Athletics Stadium|Birsa Stadium]] || [[Ranchi]] || [[Jharkhand]] || 1993 || 1999 ||
|-
| [[JSCA International Stadium Complex]]|| [[Ranchi]] || [[Jharkhand]] || 2010 || || Hosted 4 ODIs,1 T20I & 1 Test.
|-
| [[Metallurgical & Engineering Consultant Ltd Sail Stadium]] || [[Ranchi]] || [[Jharkhand]] || 1984 || ||
|}

==Notable players==

Players from Jharkhand who have played Test cricket for India, along with year of Test debut:
*[[M.S Dhoni|Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] (2005)
*[[Varun Aaron]] (2011)
*[[Shahbaz Nadeem]] (2019)
*[[Ishan Kishan]] (2021)

Players from Jharkhand who have played ODI but not Test cricket for India, along with year of ODI debut :
*[[Saurabh Tiwary]] (2010)

Notable players at the domestic level:
*[[Ishank Jaggi]]
*[[Rahul Shukla]]

== Current squad ==

Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
|-
!align=center| Name
!align=center| Birth date
!align=center| Batting style
!align=center| Bowling style
!align=center| Notes
|-
! colspan="5" style="background: #DCDCDC" align="center" | Batsmen
|-
| [[Virat Singh]] || {{birth date and age|1997|12|08|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] ||'''Captain'''
|-
| '''[[Saurabh Tiwary]]''' || {{birth date and age|1989|12|30|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
| [[Kumar Suraj]] || {{birth date and age|1997|3|16|df=y}} ||Left-handed || ||
|-
| [[Kumar Deobrat]] || {{birth date and age|1992|10|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast Bowling|medium]] ||
|-
| [[Nazim Siddiqui]] || {{birth date and age|1994|10|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || ||
|-
| Aryaman Sen || {{birth date and age|2000|1|15|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] ||
|-
| Aayush Bhardwaj || {{birth date and age|1995|10|30|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="background: #DCDCDC" align="center" | All-Rounder
|-
| [[Anukul Roy]] || {{birth date and age|1998|11|30|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || Plays for '''[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| [[Utkarsh Singh]] || {{birth date and age|1998|5|7|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
| [[Supriyo Chakraborty]] || {{birth date and age|1995|5|9|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast Bowling|medium]] ||
|-
| Rajandeep Singh || || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="background: #DCDCDC" align="center" | Wicket-keepers
|-
| [[Kumar Kushagra]] || {{birth date and age|2004|10|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || ||
|-
| '''[[Ishan Kishan]]''' || {{birth date and age|1998|7|18|df=y}} || Left-handed || ||Plays for '''[[Mumbai Indians]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| [[Pankaj Kumar (cricketer)|Pankaj Kumar]] || {{birth date and age|1999|11|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="background: #DCDCDC" align="center" | Spin-bowlers
|-
| '''[[Shahbaz Nadeem]]''' || {{birth date and age|1989|09|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] ||
|-
| Manishi Kumar || {{birth date and age|2003|11|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="background: #DCDCDC" align="center" | Fast-bowlers
|-
| [[Rahul Shukla]] || {{birth date and age|1990|08|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast Bowling|medium-fast]] ||
|-
| [[Vikash Singh]] || {{birth date and age |1994|6|28|df=y}} ||Left-handed|| Left-arm [[Fast Bowling|medium]] ||
|-
| [[Ashish Kumar (cricketer)|Ashish Kumar]] || {{birth date and age|1988|12|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast Bowling|medium]] ||
|-
| [[Vivekanand Tiwari]] || {{birth date and age |1998|10|5|df=y}} ||Right-handed|| Right-arm [[medium-fast]] ||
|-
| [[Sushant Mishra]] || {{birth date and age|2000|12|23|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast Bowling|medium-fast]] ||
|-
| [[Bal Krishna (cricketer)|Bal Krishna]] || {{birth date and age|1998|12|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast Bowling|medium-fast]] ||
|}

''Updated as on 31 January 2023''

==Coaching staff==
Coaching staff have one head coach.
* Head Coach :- S.S.Rao
Assistant Coach :- Satish Singh

==See also==
* [[Jharkhand State Cricket Association]]
* [[Bihar Cricket Association]]
* [[Bihar cricket team]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.cricjharkhand.org/ Official website of Jharkhand State Cricket Association]
* [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/2/2907/2907.html Jharkhand] at CricketArchive

{{Ranji Trophy}}
{{Cricket in India}}
{{Jharkhand}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jharkhand Cricket Team}}
[[Category:Indian first-class cricket teams]]
[[Category:Cricket in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:2004 establishments in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Cricket clubs established in 2004]]

Katt Bafla

2023-07-17T19:01:44Z

Rajinderkumargill: Finished writing a new contribution.

{{Short description|Food from Northern India}}
{{Infobox food
| name = Katt Bafla
| name_lang = Hindi
| course = Main course
| place_of_origin = [[Bundi]]
| region = [[Hadoti]]
| associated_cuisine = [[Rajasthani cuisine]]
| creator = [[Pandits]]
| main_ingredient = [[Wheat flour]], [[Ghee]], [[Jaggery]]
| similar_dish = [[Dal Bati Churma]]
}}

'''Katt Bafla''' is a popular and traditional dish from the [[Bundi]] district of [[Hadoti]] region in [[Rajasthan]], India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |title=राजस्थान का कत-बाफला पूरे देश में प्रसिद्ध, जानिए- क्यों है पर्यटकों की पहली पसंद? |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/rajasthan/rajasthan-kat-bafla-is-famous-all-over-the-country-jaipur-news-dal-bati-churma-ann-2169746 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref> It is a famous dish across the north Indian states in India. Traditionally this dish is made on every occasion in Rajasthan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=बूंदी जिले के कत बाफ्ले का स्वाद ऐसा की सात पकवान भी फेल, देश भर में है इसकी डिमांड |url=https://citynewsrajasthan.com/271/ |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=CITY NEWS RAJASTHAN |language=en-US}}</ref> In this dish Bafla is a type of spherical wheat bread where as the Katt is a type of [[Barfi]] made by mixture of unsalted wheat bread coarse powder with [[ghee]] and [[jaggery]] powder. Traditionally this dish is served with [[Dal|Daal]] and [[Kadhi]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=बूंदी जहां शुभ अवसरों पर पंडित बनाते हैं लड्डू बाटी और बर्फी की तरह परोसा जाता है चूरमा - |url=https://www.jagran.com/lifestyle/travel-tourism-famous-dishes-of-bundi-rajasthan-19532022.html |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

== History ==
[[Rajasthan]] is famous for its history as well as its various dishes such as [[Dal bati churma|Dal Baati churma]]. There are specially confectioners who make this food for making this Dal Baati churma. Who are also called [[Pandit|Pandits]] in Rajasthan. It is said that earlier [[Brahmin|Brahmins]] used to eat this food and they used to cook it. But with time now everyone is eating this dish. For this reason, the confectioner of this food is called Pandit or this food is called Pandit's food. The reason behind this is that it is pure and all the procedures are followed while eating which purifies that food. That's why the artisan who makes this food is called [[Pandit]]. This dish is offered to God in the form of [[Bhog]] in most religious programs. It is specially served in a plate made on the leaves of a tree, which is called [[Patravali|Pattal]].<ref name=":0" />

== Katt ==
Katt is a kind of [[dessert]]. It is made by mixing coarse powder of unsalted wheat bread cooked on [[dry dung fuel]] and mixed with [[ghee]], powdered sugar or jaggery powder, Then this mixture is spread in a tray and kept for a while to set and decorated with [[Dried fruit|dry fruit]] clippings, then it is cut into small square pieces and given a barfi-like shape.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== Bafla ==
Bafla is prepared by making of dough of wheat flour with [[buttermilk]] and some whole spices like [[fennel seeds]], [[Coriander|corriander]] seeds, and [[ajwain]] are added.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Move Over Dal Bati, Try And Make Delicious Dal Bafla At Home Instead (Recipe Video Inside) |url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/move-over-dal-bati-try-and-make-delicious-dal-bafla-at-home-instead-recipe-video-inside-2190511 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=NDTV Food |language=en}}</ref> Then round shaped balls are made by this dough and boiled in water until they are cooked through. After boiling, the baflas are typically roasted or baked on dry dung fuel or in a tandoor (clay oven) until they acquire a crispy texture. The roasting process gives the baflas a smoky flavor and a golden-brown color.<ref>{{Cite web |title=इंदौर की यह मशहूर डिश आपके मुंह में भी पानी ला देगी {{!}} Dal bafla recipe |url=https://www.patrika.com/indian-regional/dal-bafla-recipe-1938827/ |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Patrika News |language=hi-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=मीठी रोटी, बाफला बाटी, मेवा स्टफ्ड शाही गट्टे की सब्जी: राजस्थान, गुजरात और यूपी का जायका बनाएगा संडे स्पेशल |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/women/recipes/news/sweet-roti-bafla-bati-nuts-stuffed-shahi-gatte-ki-sabzi-the-flavor-of-rajasthan-gujarat-and-up-will-make-sunday-special-129160916.html |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref>

Once the baflas are cooked and roasted, they are dipped in ghee so that they can soak up the ghee properly and served with katt [[Dal|daal]] and [[kadhi]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Foods]]
[[Category:Rajasthani cuisine]]
[[Category:Indian cuisine]]

List of Mizoram cricketers

2023-07-16T11:36:24Z

Rajinderkumargill: Wrote an insightful guide.

This is a list of cricketers who have played [[First-class cricket|first-class]], [[List A cricket|List A]] or [[Twenty20 cricket]] for the [[Mizoram cricket team]], representing the Indian state of [[Mizoram]]. The side was established in July 2018<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/24129178/nine-new-teams-ranji-trophy-2018-19 Nine new teams in Ranji Trophy 2018–19], [[CricInfo]], 2018-07-18. Retrieved 2022-02-19.</ref><ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/bcci-schedule-2018-19-domestic-games-5265019/ Logistical nightmare on cards as BCCI announces 37-team Ranji Trophy for 2018–19 season], ''[[Indian Express]]'', 2018-07-18. Retrieved 2022-02-19.</ref><ref>[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/cricket/180718/indian-domestic-cricket-season-2018-19-ranji-trophy-vijay-hazare-troph.html BCCI to host over 2000 matches in the upcoming 2018–19 domestic season], ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'', 2018-07-18. Retrieved 2022-02-19.</ref> and played its first matches during the [[2018–19 Indian cricket season]].<ref name=ca>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/43/43711/43711.html Mizoram], CricketArchive. Retrieved 2023-07-10. {{subscription}}</ref>

The details given are the players name. Note that some players will have played senior matches for other sides, including the [[India national cricket team]].

{{compactTOC8|center=yes|b=B|c=C|e=E|f=F||m=M|n=N|o=O|q=Q|t=T|u=U|w=W|x=X|refs=yes|notes=no|nobreak=yes}}
{{updated|13 July 2023}}

==A==
* [[Uday Abhay]]
* Jehu Anderson

==D==
* [[Pratik Desai]]

==G==
* [[Gaurav Singh (Mizoram cricketer)|Gaurav Singh]]
* [[Shreevats Goswami]]
* Naveen Gurung

==H==
* Rinsangzela Hmamte

==I==
* [[Iqbal Abdulla]]

==J==
* [[Abhay Joshi]]

==K==
* [[Uday Kaul]]
* [[Abrar Kazi]]
* [[Sinan Khadir]]
* [[Taruwar Kohli]]

==L==
* [[G Lalbiakvela]]
* [[Lalchhuanliana]]
* [[Golden Lalchhuanmawia]]
* [[Lalhmangaiha]]
* [[K Lalhmingmawia]]
* Lalhriatrenga
* [[Reuben Lalhruaizela]]
* [[Lalhruaizela]]
* F Lalmuanzuala
* B Lalnunfela
* [[Lalnuntluanga]]
* [[Michael Lalremkima]]
* [[Lalrempuia]]
* [[Khawlhring Lalremruata]]
* [[Jonathan Lalrinchhana]]
* [[C Lalrinsanga]]
* [[Lalruatdika]]
* Joseph Lalthankhuma
* [[Ricky Lalthlamuana]]
* [[Sumit Lamba]]

==P==
* [[Parvez Ahmed]]
* [[KB Pawan]]

==R==
* [[Akhil Rajput]]
* [[Lalhruai Ralte]]
* Remruatdika Ralte
* [[Rosiamliana Ralte]]
* [[Moses Ramhlunmawia]]
* [[Darremsanga|Darremsanga Renthlei]]
* [[Henry Renthlei]]
* [[Lalfakzuala Renthlei]]

==S==
* [[Saidingliana Sailo]]

==V==
* [[Andrew Vanlalhruaia]]
* Vanlalhruailuanga
* [[Khawlhring Vanlalruata]]
* [[Lalnunkima Varte]]
* [[Vikash Kumar]]

==Y==
* [[Avinash Yadav]]

==Z==
* [[Sailung Zorinliana]]
* [[Hmar Zothanchhunga]]
* [[Bobby Zothansanga]]
* Zothanzuala

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lists of Indian cricketers}}

[[Category:Lists of Indian cricketers by state or union territory|Mizoram]]
[[Category:Mizoram cricketers| List]]

Dabhi Kolis

2023-07-09T08:11:35Z

Rajinderkumargill: Shaped unique article content.

{{Short description|Clan of Koli caste}}

The '''Dabhi'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=General |first=India (Republic) Office of the Registrar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-McAQAAMAAJ |title=Census of India, 1961 |publisher=Manager of Publications |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=7: Chunvalia Kolis have 21 principal sub - divisions namely Abasania, Adhgama, Baroga, Basukia, '''Dabhi''', Dhamodia, Dhandhukia, Gohel, Jandaria |language=en}}</ref> ([[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]: ડાભી, [[Hindi]]: डाभी) is a [[clan]] ([[Gotra]]) of the [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] found in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Union territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shibani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4RJAAAAMAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=1983 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98 |language=en}}</ref> The Kolis of the Dabhi clan ruled over [[Ghorasar]] state during [[British Raj|British rule]] in India.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Raymond Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs5JDwAAQBAJ&q=dabhi+Koli |title=Swaminarayan Hinduism: Tradition, Adaptation, and Identity |last2=Trivedi |first2=Yogi |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-908959-8 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=The following is a list of the Koli [[Thakor|Thakorda]]s or lordlings in [[North Gujarat]]: the Solankis of Bhankoda, Chaniar, Dekavada, and Kukvav in Chunwal; the Makwanas of Katosan, Jhunjuvara, and Punar, the Rathods of Ghanti and Vaghpur on the banks of the Sabarmati; the '''Dabhis'' of Ghodasar in the Charotar; the Chauhans of Amliara in the Mahi Kantha; and the Vaghelas of Kankrej |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lobo |first=Lancy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Thakors of North Gujarat: A Caste in the Village and the Region |publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7075-035-2 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=139 |language=en}}</ref>

{{Infobox tribe|name=Dabhi Koli|local name=ડાભી કોલી|type=[[Gotra]] of [[Koli people|Koli]] caste in [[Gujarat]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gujarat (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eCMbAAAAIAAJ |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Banaskantha District |date=1981 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |year=1981 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=182: The [[Koli people|Koli]] [[Thakor|Thakarda]]s are divided into eight clans, viz, Solanki, Rathod, Chohan, Parmar, Bhatesaria, '''Dabhi''', Arnivadia and Kham- boai |language=en}}</ref>|ethnicity=[[Koli people]]|location=*[[Gujarat]]
*[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]|varna=Warrior|parent_tribe=*[[Chunvalia Koli]]
*[[Talpada Kolis]]
*[[Ghedia Koli]]
*[[Divecha|Divecha Koli]]|demonym=[[Koli people|Koli]]|language=*[[Koli language|Koli]]
*[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
*[[Hindi]]
*[[English language|English]]|religion=[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|surnames=*[[Patel]]
*[[Koli Darbar|Darbar]]
*[[Thakor]]
*[[Garasia]]
*[[Pagi (title)|Pagi]]
*[[Dharala (title)|Dharala]]}}

== See also ==
*[[Gujarati people]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koli, Dabhi}}

[[Category:Koli people]]
[[Category:Koli clans]]

Danish language

2023-05-10T08:14:59Z

Rajinderkumargill: Published a captivating publication.

{{Short description|North Germanic language}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Danish
| nativename = {{lang|da|dansk}}
| pronunciation = {{IPA-da|ˈtænˀsk}}<ref name="ordnet.dk">{{cite web|url=https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=dansk&tab=for|title=dansk – Den Danske Ordbog|website=ordnet.dk}}</ref>
| states = {{ublist |[[Denmark]] |{{nowrap|[[Schleswig-Holstein]] ([[Germany]])}}}}
| region = [[Denmark]], [[Schleswig-Holstein]] ([[Germany]]); Additionally in the [[Faroe Islands]] and [[Greenland]]
| image = Codex Holmiensis CE 1350.jpg
| imagecaption = The first page of the Jutlandic Law originally from 1241 in [[Codex Holmiensis]], copied in 1350. '''The first sentence is:''' "{{lang|non|Mæth logh skal land byggas}}" '''Modern orthography:''' "{{lang|da|Med lov skal land bygges}}" '''English translation:''' "With law shall a country be built"
| speakers = {{sigfig|5.97|2}} million
| ethnicity = {{plainlist|
*[[Danish people|Danes]]
}}
| date = 2019
| ref = e18
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Germanic languages|Germanic]]
| fam3 = [[Northwest Germanic]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/olde1239 |title=Older Runic |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=[[Glottolog]] |last1=Hammarström |first1=Harald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113105941/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/olde1239 |archive-date=2022-11-13 |url-status=live |publisher=[[Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology]] |last2=Forkel |first2=Robert |last3=Haspelmath |first3=Martin |last4=Bank |first4=Sebastian}}</ref>
| fam4 = [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]]
| fam5 = [[East Scandinavian languages|East Scandinavian]]<ref>{{glottolog|sout3248}}</ref>
| ancestor = [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]]
| ancestor2 = [[Old East Norse]]
| ancestor3 = [[Old Danish|Early Old Danish]]
| ancestor4 = [[History of Danish#Medieval Danish|Late Old Danish]]
| dia1 = [[Jutlandic dialect|Jutlandic]]
| dia2 = [[Insular Danish|Insular]]
| dia3 = [[Gøtudanskt accent|Dano-Faroese]]
| dia4 = [[Southern Schleswig Danish|Southern Schleswig]]
| dia5 = [[Perkerdansk]]
| dia6 = [[Dano-Norwegian]] {{extinct}}
| script = {{plainlist|
* [[Latin script|Latin]] ([[Danish and Norwegian alphabet|Danish alphabet]])
* [[Danish Braille]]}}
| nation = {{flag|Kingdom of Denmark}}
* {{DNK}}
* {{FRO}}
''{{flag|Nordic Council}}''
''{{EU}}''
| minority = {{ublist | {{GRL}}|{{GER}}}}
| agency = {{longitem|[[Dansk Sprognævn]] (Danish Language Council)}}
| iso1 = da
| iso2 = dan
| lc1 = dan
| ld1 = Insular Danish
| lc2 = jut
| ld2 = Jutlandic
| lingua = 5 2-AAA-bf & -ca to -cj
| glotto = dani1285
| glottoname = Danish
| glotto2 = juti1236
| glottoname2 = Jutish
| notice = IPA
| map = Idioma danés.PNG
| mapcaption = Dark Blue: Spoken by a majority
Light Blue: Spoken by a minority
| map2 =
| mapcaption2 =
}}

'''Danish''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-uk-Danish.ogg|ˈ|d|eɪ|n|ᵻ|ʃ}}; {{lang|da|dansk}} {{IPA-da|ˈtænˀsk|pron|Da-dansk.ogg}}, {{lang|da|dansk sprog}} {{IPA-da|ˈtænˀsk ˈspʁɔwˀ}})<ref name="ordnet.dk" /> is a [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic language]] spoken by about six million people, principally in and around [[Denmark]]. Communities of Danish speakers are also found in [[Greenland]],{{sfn|Frederiksen|Olsen|2017}} [[the Faroe Islands]], and the northern [[Germany|German]] region of [[Southern Schleswig]], where it has [[minority language]] status.<ref name=deofficial-law /><ref name="deofficial-tvsyd" /> Minor Danish-speaking communities are also found in [[Norway]], [[Sweden]], the [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[Brazil]], and [[Argentina]].{{sfn|Kühl|Petersen|Hansen|2020}}

Along with the other North Germanic languages, Danish is a descendant of [[Old Norse]], the common language of the [[Germanic peoples]] who lived in [[Scandinavia]] during the [[Viking Age|Viking Era]]. Danish, together with Swedish, derives from the ''East Norse'' [[dialect group]], while the [[Middle Norwegian]] language (before the influence of Danish) and [[Bokmål|Norwegian Bokmål]] are classified as ''West Norse'' along with [[Faroese language|Faroese]] and [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]. A more recent classification based on [[mutual intelligibility]] separates modern spoken Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish as "mainland (or ''continental'') Scandinavian", while Icelandic and Faroese are classified as "insular Scandinavian". Although the written languages are compatible, spoken Danish is distinctly different from Norwegian and Swedish and thus the degree of mutual intelligibility with either is [[North Germanic languages#Mutual intelligibility|variable between regions and speakers]].

Until the 16th century, Danish was a continuum of dialects spoken from [[Southern Jutland]] and [[Duchy of Schleswig|Schleswig]] to [[Scania]] with no [[standard language|standard variety]] or spelling conventions. With the Protestant [[Reformation]] and the [[History of printing|introduction of the printing press]], a standard language was developed which was based on the educated dialect of [[Copenhagen]] and [[Malmö]].{{sfn|Dal|1991}} It spread through use in the education system and administration, though German and Latin continued to be the most important written languages well into the 17th century. Following the loss of territory to Germany and Sweden, a nationalist movement adopted the language as a token of Danish identity, and the language experienced a strong surge in use and popularity, with major works of literature produced in the 18th and 19th centuries. Today, traditional [[Danish dialects]] have all but disappeared, though regional variants of the standard language exist. The main differences in language are between generations, with youth language being particularly innovative.

Danish has a very large vowel inventory consisting of 27 [[phonemes|phonemically distinctive]] [[vowel]]s,{{sfn|Haberland|1994|page=318}} and its [[Prosody (linguistics)|prosody]] is characterized by the distinctive phenomenon {{lang|da|[[stød]]}}, a kind of [[glottal consonant|laryngeal phonation type]]. Due to the many pronunciation differences that set Danish apart from its neighboring languages, particularly the vowels, difficult prosody and "weakly" pronounced consonants, it is sometimes considered to be a "difficult language to learn, acquire and understand",{{sfn|Grønnum|2008a}}{{sfn|Grønnum|2008b}} and some evidence shows that children are slower to acquire the phonological distinctions of Danish compared to other languages.{{sfn|Trecca|Bleses|Højen|Madsen|2020}} The grammar is moderately [[Fusional language|inflective]] with strong (irregular) and weak (regular) conjugations and inflections. Nouns and demonstrative pronouns distinguish common and neutral gender. Like English, Danish only has remnants of a former [[grammatical case|case system]], particularly in the pronouns. Unlike English, it has lost all person marking on verbs. Its word order is [[V2 word order|V2]], with the finite verb always occupying the second slot in the sentence.

== Classification ==
{{cladogram
| cladogram =
{{clade
| label1 = [[Proto-Germanic]]
| 1 =
{{clade
| 1 = [[East Germanic languages]]
| 2 = [[West Germanic languages]]
| label3 = [[Proto-Norse]]
| 3 =
{{clade
| label1 = [[Old Norse]]
| 1 =
{{clade
| label1 = [[Old West Norse]]
| 1 =
{{clade
| 1 = [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
| 2 = [[Faroese language|Faroese]]
| 3 = [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
}}
| label2 = [[Old East Norse]]
| 2 =
{{clade
| 1 = '''Danish'''
| 2 = [[Swedish language|Swedish]]
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
| caption = Danish and its historical relationships to other North Germanic languages within the Germanic branch of Indo-European. [[North Germanic languages#Classification|Another classification]] can be drawn based on mutual intelligibility.
| align = left
}}
Danish is a [[Germanic languages|Germanic language]] of the [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic branch]]. Other names for this group are the Nordic{{sfn|Vikør|2002}} or Scandinavian languages. Along with Swedish, Danish descends from the Eastern dialects of the [[Old Norse language]]; Danish and Swedish are also classified as East Scandinavian or East Nordic languages.{{sfn|Torp|2006}}{{sfn|Rischel|2012|pp=809-810}}

Scandinavian languages are often considered a [[dialect continuum]], where no sharp dividing lines are seen between the different vernacular languages.{{sfn|Torp|2006}}

Like Norwegian and Swedish, Danish was significantly influenced by Low German in the Middle Ages, and has been influenced by English since the turn of the 20th century.{{sfn|Torp|2006}}

Danish itself can be divided into three main dialect areas: [[Jutlandic dialect|Jutlandic]] (West Danish), [[Insular Danish]] (including the standard variety), and [[East Danish]] (including [[Bornholmsk dialect|Bornholmian]] and [[Scanian dialect|Scanian]]). Under the view that Scandinavian is a dialect continuum, East Danish can be considered intermediary between Danish and Swedish, while Scanian can be considered a Swedified East Danish dialect, and Bornholmian is its closest relative.{{sfn|Torp|2006}}

Contemporary Scanian is fully mutually intelligible with Swedish and less so with Danish since it shares a standardized vocabulary and less distinct pronunciations with the rest of Sweden than in the past. [[Blekinge]] and [[Halland]], the two other provinces further away from Copenhagen that transitioned to Sweden in the 17th century, speak dialects more similar to standard Swedish.{{cn}}

=== Vocabulary ===
[[File:VW Passat of the Danish military police.jpg|thumb|Danish label reading {{lang|da|militærpoliti,}} "military police", on a police vehicle]]
About 2000 of Danish non-compound words are derived from the [[Old Norse language]], and ultimately from [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto Indo-European]]. Of these 2000 words, 1200 are nouns, 500 are verbs, 180 are adjectives and the rest belong to other word classes.{{sfn|Haberland|1994|pp=346-347}} Danish has also absorbed a large number of [[loan words]], most of which were borrowed from [[Middle Low German]] in the [[late medieval]] period. Out of the 500 most frequently used words in Danish, 100 are medieval loans from Middle Low German, as Low German was the other official language of Denmark–Norway.<ref name=Sproget>{{cite web|url=http://sproget.dk/raad-og-regler/artikler-mv/svarbase/SV00001479|title=Antal arveord og låneord|first=Anita Ågerup |last=Jervelund|publisher=Dansk Sprognævns svarbase|year=2008}}</ref> In the 17th and 18th centuries, [[German language|standard German]] and [[French language|French]] superseded Low German influence and in the 20th century, English became the main supplier of loan words, especially after [[World War II]]. Although many old Nordic words remain, some were replaced with borrowed synonyms, as can be seen with {{lang|da|æde}} (to eat) which became less common when the Low German {{lang|da|spise}} came into fashion. As well as loan words, new words are freely formed by compounding existing words. In standard texts of contemporary Danish, Middle Low German loans account for about 16–17% of the vocabulary, Graeco-Latin-loans 4–8%, French 2–4% and English about 1%.<ref name=Sproget />

Danish and English are both Germanic languages. Danish is a North Germanic language descended from Old Norse, and English is a West Germanic language descended from Old English. Old Norse exerted a strong influence on Old English in the early medieval period. To see their shared Germanic heritage, one merely has to note the many common words that are very similar in the two languages. For example, commonly used Danish nouns and prepositions such as {{lang|da|have}}, {{lang|da|over}}, {{lang|da|under}}, {{lang|da|for}}, {{lang|da|give}}, {{lang|da|flag}}, {{lang|da|salt}}, and {{lang|da|kat}} are easily recognizable in their written form to English speakers.{{sfn|Bredsdorff|1958|pp=6-10}} Similarly, some other words are almost identical to their [[Scots language|Scots]] equivalents, e.g., {{lang|da|kirke}} (Scots ''kirk'', i.e., 'church') or {{lang|da|barn}} (Scots ''bairn'', i.e. 'child'). In addition, the word {{lang|da|by}}, meaning "village" or "town", occurs in many English place-names, such as ''Whitby'' and ''Selby'', as remnants of the [[Danelaw|Viking occupation]]. During the latter period, English adopted "are", the third person plural form of the verb "to be", as well as the corresponding personal pronoun form "they" from contemporary Old Norse.

=== Mutual intelligibility ===
Danish is largely [[mutually intelligible]] with [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] and [[Swedish language|Swedish]]. Proficient speakers of any of the three languages can often understand the others fairly well, though studies have shown that the mutual intelligibility is asymmetric: speakers of Norwegian generally understand both Danish and Swedish far better than Swedes or Danes understand each other. Both Swedes and Danes also understand Norwegian better than they understand each other's languages.{{sfn|Åkesson|2005}} The reason Norwegian occupies a middle position in terms of intelligibility is because of its shared border with Sweden resulting in a similarity in pronunciation, combined with the long tradition of having Danish as a written language which has led to similarities in vocabulary.{{sfn|Torp|2006|pp=70-72}} Among younger Danes, Copenhageners are worse at understanding Swedish than Danes from the provinces. In general, younger Danes are not as good at understanding the neighboring languages as Norwegian and Swedish youths.{{sfn|Åkesson|2005}}

== History ==
{{Main|History of Danish}}
The Danish philologist Johannes Brøndum-Nielsen divided the history of Danish into a period from 800 AD to 1525 to be "Old Danish", which he subdivided into "Runic Danish" (800-1100), Early Middle Danish (1100–1350) and Late Middle Danish (1350–1525).{{sfn|Howe|1996}}

{{Anchor|Runic Danish: Dǫnsk tunga}}

=== Runic Danish ===
{{Main|Old Norse}}{{Old Norse language map}}
{{Quote box |align=left|quoted=true |
|salign=right
|quote= {{lang|non|Móðir Dyggva var Drótt, dóttir Danps konungs, sonar Rígs er fyrstr var konungr kallaðr á danska tungu}}. "[[Dyggvi]]'s mother was Drott, the daughter of king Danp, [[Rígsþula|Ríg]]'s son, who was the first to be called king in the Danish tongue."
|source= {{lang|non|[[Heimskringla]]}} by [[Snorri Sturluson]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Ynglinga_saga|title=Ynglinga saga – heimskringla.no|website=heimskringla.no}}</ref>
}}
By the eighth century, the common Germanic language of Scandinavia, [[Proto-Norse]], had undergone some changes and evolved into [[Old Norse]].
This language was generally called the "Danish tongue" ({{lang|non|Dǫnsk tunga}}), or "Norse language" ({{lang|non|Norrœnt mál}}). Norse was written in the [[runic alphabet]], first with the [[elder futhark]] and from the 9th century with the [[younger futhark]].{{sfn|Faarlund|1994|pp=38-41}}

From the seventh century, the common Norse language began to undergo changes that did not spread to all of Scandinavia, resulting in the appearance of two dialect areas, Old West Norse ([[Norway]] and [[Iceland]]) and Old East Norse ([[Denmark]] and [[Sweden]]). Most of the changes separating East Norse from West Norse started as innovations in Denmark, that spread through Scania into Sweden and by maritime contact to southern Norway.{{sfn|Faarlund|1994|p=39}} A change that separated Old East Norse (Runic Swedish/Danish) from Old West Norse was the change of the [[diphthong]] ''æi'' (Old West Norse ''ei'') to the [[monophthong]] ''e'', as in {{lang|non|stæin}} to {{lang|non|sten}}. This is reflected in runic inscriptions where the older read {{lang|non|stain}} and the later {{lang|non|stin}}. Also, a change of ''au'' as in {{lang|non|dauðr}} into ''ø'' as in {{lang|non|døðr}} occurred. This change is shown in runic inscriptions as a change from {{lang|non|tauþr}} into {{lang|non|tuþr}}. Moreover, the {{lang|non|øy}} (Old West Norse {{lang|non|ey}}) diphthong changed into {{lang|da|ø}}, as well, as in the Old Norse word for "island". This monophthongization started in Jutland and spread eastward, having spread throughout Denmark and most of Sweden by 1100.{{sfn|Faarlund|1994|p=41}}

Through Danish conquest, Old East Norse was once widely spoken in the [[Danelaw|northeast counties of England]]. Many words derived from Norse, such as "gate" ({{wiktda|gade}}) for street, still survive in [[Yorkshire]], the East Midlands and East Anglia, and [[Danelaw|parts of eastern England]] colonized by Danish [[Vikings]]. The city of [[York]] was once the Viking settlement of Jorvik. Several other English words derive from Old East Norse, for example "knife" ({{wiktda|kniv}}), "husband" ({{wiktda|husbond}}), and "egg" ({{wiktda|æg}}). The suffix "-by" for 'town' is common in place names in Yorkshire and the east Midlands, for example Selby, Whitby, Derby, and Grimsby. The word "dale" meaning valley is common in Yorkshire and Derbyshire placenames.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viking.no/e/england/e-pl-england.htm |title=Viking place names and language in England |publisher=Viking.no |access-date=2013-09-22}}</ref>

{{Anchor|Old/Middle Danish|Old and Middle Danish}}

=== Old and Middle dialects ===
{{Quote box |align=right|quoted=true |
|salign=right
|quote={{lang|non|Fangær man saar i hor seng mæth annæns mansz kunæ. oc kumær han burt liuænd...}}. "If one catches someone in the whore-bed with another man's wife and he comes away alive..."
|source= Jutlandic Law, 1241{{sfn|Pedersen|1996|page=220}}
}}
In the medieval period, Danish emerged as a separate language from Swedish. The main written language was Latin, and the few Danish-language texts preserved from this period are written in the Latin alphabet, although the runic alphabet seems to have lingered in popular usage in some areas. The main text types written in this period are laws, which were formulated in the vernacular language to be accessible also to those who were not Latinate. The [[Codex Holmiensis|Jutlandic Law]] and [[Scanian Law]] were written in vernacular Danish in the early 13th century. Beginning in 1350, Danish began to be used as a language of administration, and new types of literature began to be written in the language, such as royal letters and testaments. The orthography in this period was not standardized nor was the spoken language, and the regional laws demonstrate the dialectal differences between the regions in which they were written.{{sfn|Pedersen|1996|pages=219–221}}

Throughout this period, Danish was in contact with [[Low German language|Low German]], and many Low German loan words were introduced in this period.{{sfn|Pedersen|1996|pages=221–224}} With the [[Protestant Reformation in Denmark|Protestant Reformation]] in 1536, Danish also became the language of religion, which sparked a new interest in using Danish as a literary language. Also in this period, Danish began to take on the linguistic traits that differentiate it from Swedish and Norwegian, such as the {{lang|da|[[stød]]}}, the voicing of many stop consonants, and the weakening of many final vowels to /e/.{{sfn|Torp|2006|pp=57-58}}

The first printed book in Danish dates from 1495, the {{lang|da|Rimkrøniken}} (''Rhyming Chronicle''), a history book told in rhymed verses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kb.dk/da/kb/nb/ha/virtuelt_bogmuseum/bogmuseum_danmark.html|publisher=Royal Danish Library|title=Bog Museum (Book Museum)|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221182726/http://www.kb.dk/da/kb/nb/ha/virtuelt_bogmuseum/bogmuseum_danmark.html|archive-date=21 December 2014}}</ref> The first complete translation of the [[Bible]] in Danish, the Bible of Christian II translated by [[Christiern Pedersen]], was published in 1550. Pedersen's orthographic choices set the ''de facto'' standard for subsequent writing in Danish.{{sfn|Pedersen|1996|page=225}} From around 1500, several printing presses were in operation in Denmark publishing in Danish and other languages. In the period after 1550, presses in Copenhagen dominated the publication of material in the Danish language.{{sfn|Dal|1991}}

{{Anchor|Early Modern Danish}}

=== Early Modern ===
{{Quote box |align=right|quoted=true |
|salign=right
|quote={{lang|da|Herrer og Narre have frit Sprog}}. "Lords and jesters have free speech."
|source= [[Peder Syv]], proverbs
}}
Following the first Bible translation, the development of Danish as a [[written language]], as a language of religion, administration, and public discourse accelerated. In the second half of the 17th century, grammarians elaborated grammars of Danish, first among them [[Rasmus Bartholin]]'s 1657 Latin grammar {{lang|la|De studio lingvæ danicæ}}; then [[Laurids Olufsen Kock]]'s 1660 grammar of the [[Zealand]] dialect {{lang|la|Introductio ad lingvam Danicam puta selandicam}}; and in 1685 the first Danish grammar written in Danish, {{lang|da|Den Danske Sprog-Kunst}} ("The Art of the Danish Language") by [[Peder Syv]]. Major authors from this period are [[Thomas Kingo]], poet and psalmist, and [[Leonora Christina Ulfeldt]], whose novel {{lang|da|Jammersminde}} (''Remembered Woes'') is considered a literary masterpiece by scholars. [[Orthography]] was still not standardized and the principles for doing so were vigorously discussed among Danish philologists. The grammar of [[Jens Pedersen Høysgaard]] was the first to give a detailed analysis of Danish phonology and prosody, including a description of the {{lang|da|stød}}. In this period, scholars were also discussing whether it was best to "write as one speaks" or to "speak as one writes", including whether archaic grammatical forms that had fallen out of use in the vernacular, such as the plural form of verbs, should be conserved in writing (i.e. {{lang|da|han er}} "he is" vs. {{lang|da|de ere}} "they are").{{sfn|Pedersen|1996}}

The East Danish provinces were lost to Sweden after the [[Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645)]] after which they were gradually Swedified; just as Norway was politically severed from Denmark, beginning also a gradual end of Danish influence on Norwegian (influence through the shared written standard language remained). With the [[History of Denmark#Absolutism|introduction of absolutism]] in 1660, the Danish state was further integrated, and the language of the Danish chancellery, a Zealandic variety with German and French influence, became the ''de facto'' [[Lingua franca|official standard language]], especially in writing—this was the original so-called {{lang|da|rigsdansk}} ("Danish of the Realm"). Also, beginning in the mid-18th century, the {{lang|da|skarre-R}}, the [[Guttural R|uvular R]] sound ({{IPA|[ʁ]}}), began spreading through Denmark, likely through influence from [[Parisian French]] and German. It affected all of the areas where Danish had been influential, including all of Denmark, Southern Sweden, and coastal southern Norway.{{sfn|Torp|2006|p=52}}

In the 18th century, Danish philology was advanced by [[Rasmus Rask]], who pioneered the disciplines of [[Comparative linguistics|comparative]] and [[Historical linguistics|historical]] linguistics, and wrote the first English-language grammar of Danish. Literary Danish continued to develop with the works of [[Ludvig Holberg]], whose plays and historical and scientific works laid the foundation for the Danish literary canon. With the Danish colonization of Greenland by [[Hans Egede]], Danish became the administrative and religious language there, while Iceland and the Faroe Islands had the status of Danish colonies with Danish as an official language until the mid-20th century.{{sfn|Pedersen|1996}}

=== Standardized national language ===
{{Quote box |align=right|quoted=true |
|salign=right
|quote={{lang|da|Moders navn er vort Hjertesprog, kun løs er al fremmed Tale. Det alene i mund og bog, kan vække et folk af dvale.}} "Mother's name is our hearts' tongue, only idle is all foreign speech It alone, in mouth or in book, can rouse a people from sleep."
|source= [[N.F.S. Grundtvig]], "Modersmaalet"
}}

Following the loss of Schleswig to Germany, a sharp influx of German speakers moved into the area, eventually outnumbering the Danish speakers. The political loss of territory sparked a period of intense nationalism in Denmark, coinciding with the so-called "[[Danish Golden Age|Golden Age]]" of Danish culture. Authors such as [[N.F.S. Grundtvig]] emphasized the role of language in creating national belonging. Some of the most cherished Danish-language authors of this period are [[existentialism|existential]] [[philosopher]] [[Søren Kierkegaard]] and prolific [[fairy tale]] author [[Hans Christian Andersen]].{{sfn|Rischel|2012|p=828}} The influence of popular literary role models, together with increased requirements of education did much to strengthen the Danish language, and also started a period of homogenization, whereby the Copenhagen standard language gradually displaced the regional vernacular languages. Throughout the 19th century, Danes emigrated, establishing small expatriate communities in the Americas, particularly in the United States, Canada, and Argentina, where memory and some use of Danish remains today.
[[File:LinguisticSituationSchleswigSlesvig.png|thumb|right|[[Language shift]] in the 19th century in southern [[Schleswig]]]]

After the [[Schleswig plebiscites, 1920|Schleswig referendum in 1920]], a number of Danes remained as a [[Danish minority of Southern Schleswig|minority within German territories]].{{sfn|Rischel|2012|p=831}}
After the occupation of Denmark by Germany in World War II, the 1948 orthography reform dropped the German-influenced rule of capitalizing nouns, and introduced the letter {{vr|å}}. Three 20th-century Danish authors have become [[Nobel Prize]] laureates in [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]]: [[Karl Adolph Gjellerup|Karl Gjellerup]] and [[Henrik Pontoppidan]] (joint recipients in 1917) and [[Johannes Vilhelm Jensen|Johannes V. Jensen]] (awarded 1944).

With the exclusive use of {{lang|da|rigsdansk}}, the High Copenhagen Standard, in national broadcasting, the traditional dialects came under increased pressure. In the 20th century, they have all but disappeared, and the standard language has extended throughout the country.{{sfn|Pedersen|2003}} Minor regional pronunciation variation of the standard language, sometimes called {{lang|da|regionssprog}} ("regional languages") remain, and are in some cases vital. Today, the major varieties of Standard Danish are High Copenhagen Standard, associated with elderly, well to-do, and well educated people of the capital, and low Copenhagen speech traditionally associated with the working class, but today adopted as the prestige variety of the younger generations.{{sf|Kristiansen|Jørgensen|2003}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Quist |first=P. |title=lavkøbenhavnsk |url=http://dialekt.ku.dk/sociolekter/lavkoebenhavnsk/ |website=dialekt.ku.dk}}</ref> Also, in the 21st century, the influence of immigration has had linguistic consequences, such as the emergence of a so-called [[multiethnolect]] in the urban areas, an immigrant Danish variety (also known as {{lang|da|[[Perkerdansk]]}}), combining elements of different immigrant languages such as Arabic, Turkish, and Kurdish, as well as English and Danish.{{sfn|Kristiansen|Jørgensen|2003}}

== Geographic distribution and status ==
=== Danish Realm ===
Within the [[Danish Realm]], Danish is the national language of Denmark and one of two official languages of the Faroe Islands (alongside [[Faroese language|Faroese]]). A Faroese variant of Danish is known as [[Gøtudanskt accent|Gøtudanskt]]. Until 2009, Danish had also been one of two official languages of Greenland (alongside [[Greenlandic language|Greenlandic]]). Danish is widely spoken in Greenland now as ''lingua franca'', and an unknown portion of the native Greenlandic population has Danish as their first language; a large percentage of the native Greenlandic population speaks Danish as a second language since its introduction into the education system as a compulsory language in 1928. Danish was an official language in Iceland until 1944, but is today still widely used and is a mandatory subject in school taught as a second foreign language after English. Iceland was a territory ruled by [[Denmark–Norway]], one of whose official languages was Danish.{{sfn|Jacobsen|2003}} About 10% of [[Demographics of Greenland#Ethnic groups|the population]] of Greenland speak Danish as their [[first language]] owing to immigration.{{sfn|Frederiksen|Olsen|2017}}

No law stipulates an official language for Denmark, making Danish the ''de facto'' official language only. The Code of Civil Procedure does, however, lay down Danish as the language of the courts.{{sfn|Rischel|2012|pp=822–823}} Since 1997, public authorities have been obliged to observe the official spelling by way of the Orthography Law. In the 21st century, discussions have been held regarding creating a language law that would make Danish the official language of Denmark.{{sfn|Heltoft|Preisler|2007}}

===Surrounding countries===
[[File:Learn Danish in Germany, 2012, ubt.JPG|thumb|''Learn Danish'' banner in [[Flensburg]], [[Germany]], where it is an officially recognized [[regional language]]]]
In addition, a noticeable community of Danish speakers is in [[Southern Schleswig]], the portion of Germany bordering Denmark, and a variant of Standard Danish, [[Southern Schleswig Danish]], is spoken in the area. Since 2015, [[Schleswig-Holstein]] has officially recognized Danish as a [[regional language]],<ref name=deofficial-law>{{cite web |title=§ 82b LVwG, Regional- und Minderheitensprachen vor Behörden - Gesetze des Bundes und der Länder |url=http://www.lexsoft.de/cgi-bin/lexsoft/justizportal_nrw.cgi?xid=148815,381 |website=www.lexsoft.de |access-date=20 December 2022}}</ref><ref name="deofficial-tvsyd">{{cite news |last1=Nygaard |first1=Jørgen |last2=Møller |first2=Ernst |title=Dansk er blevet officielt sprog i Slesvig |url=https://www.tvsyd.dk/sydslesvig/dansk-er-blevet-officielt-sprog-i-slesvig |access-date=20 December 2022 |work=TV SYD |language=da}}</ref> just as [[German language|German]] is north of the border. Furthermore, Danish is one of the official languages of the [[European Union]] and one of the working languages of the [[Nordic Council]].<ref name=norden>{{cite web|title=Nordic language co-operation|url=http://www.norden.org/en/about-nordic-co-operation/areas-of-co-operation/language/nordic-language-co-operation|publisher=Nordic Council|access-date=1 January 2013|archive-date=7 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207182526/http://www.norden.org/en/about-nordic-co-operation/areas-of-co-operation/language/nordic-language-co-operation|url-status=dead}}</ref> Under the [[Nordic Language Convention]], Danish-speaking citizens of the Nordic countries have the opportunity to use their native language when interacting with official bodies in other Nordic countries without being liable for any [[interpreting|interpretation]] or [[translation]] costs.<ref name=norden />

The more widespread of the two varieties of written [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], {{lang|no|[[Bokmål]]}}, is very close to Danish, because standard Danish was used as the ''[[de facto]]'' administrative language until 1814 and one of the official languages of [[Denmark–Norway]]. {{lang|no|Bokmål}} is based on Danish, unlike the other variety of Norwegian, {{lang|no|[[Nynorsk]]}}, which is based on the Norwegian dialects, with [[Old Norwegian]] as an important reference point.{{sfn|Torp|2006}} Also [[North Frisian language|North Frisian]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Wie bitte? Friesisch? Was ist das denn? (Seite 2) |url=https://www.ndr.de/kultur/norddeutsche_sprache/friesisch/friesisch2_page-2.html |website=www.ndr.de |publisher=NDR |access-date=17 January 2023 |language=de}}</ref> and [[Gutnish|Gutnish (Gutamål)]] were influenced by Danish.<ref>Bengt Pamp: ''Svenska dialekter''. Natur och Kultur, Stockholm 1978, {{ISBN|91-27-00344-2}}, p. 76</ref>

===Other locations===
There are also Danish emigrant communities in other places of the world who still use the language in some form. In the Americas, Danish-speaking communities can be found in the [[US]], [[Canada]], [[Argentina]] and [[Brazil]].{{sfn|Kühl|Petersen|Hansen|2020}}

== Dialects ==
[[File:Danishdialectmap.png|thumb|left|upright=1.15|Map of Danish dialects]]
[[File:Denmark-stoed.png|right|thumb|A map showing the distribution of stød in Danish dialects: Dialects in the pink areas have {{lang|da|stød}}, as in standard Danish, while those in the green ones have tones, as in Swedish and Norwegian. Dialects in the blue areas have (like Icelandic, German, and English) neither {{lang|da|stød}} nor tones.]]
[[File:Denmark-gender.png|thumb|right|The distribution of one, two, and three grammatical genders in Danish dialects. In Zealand, the transition from three to two genders has happened fairly recently. West of the red line, the definite article goes before the word as in English or German; east of the line it takes the form of a suffix.]]
Standard Danish ({{lang|da|rigsdansk}}) is the language based on dialects spoken in and around the capital, [[Copenhagen]]. Unlike Swedish and Norwegian, Danish does not have more than one regional speech norm. More than 25% of all Danish speakers live in the metropolitan area of the capital, and most government agencies, institutions, and major businesses keep their main offices in Copenhagen, which has resulted in a very homogeneous national speech norm.{{sfn|Pedersen|2003}}{{sfn|Torp|2006}}

Danish dialects can be divided into the traditional dialects, which differ from modern Standard Danish in both phonology and grammar, and the Danish accents or regional languages, which are local varieties of the Standard language distinguished mostly by pronunciation and local vocabulary colored by traditional dialects. Traditional dialects are now mostly extinct in Denmark, with only the oldest generations still speaking them.{{sfn|Kristiansen|1998}}{{sfn|Pedersen|2003}}

Danish traditional dialects are divided into three main dialect areas:
* [[Insular Danish]] ({{lang|da|ømål}}), including dialects of the [[Danish islands]] of Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster, and Møn<ref>{{cite web |last1=Quist |first1=Pia |title=Hvor mange dialekter er der i Danmark? |url=https://dialekt.ku.dk/dialekter/hvor_mange_danske_dialekter/ |website=dialekt.ku.dk |publisher=University of Copenhagen |access-date=17 January 2023 |language=da }}</ref>
* [[Jutlandic]] ({{lang|da|jysk}}), further divided in North, East, West, and [[South Jutlandic]]{{sfn|Nielsen|1959}}
* [[East Danish]] ({{lang|da|østdansk}}), including dialects of [[Bornholmsk dialect|Bornholm]] ({{lang|da|bornholmsk}}), [[Scanian dialect|Scania]], Halland and Blekinge {{sfn|Prince|1924}}

Jutlandic is further divided into [[South Jutlandic|Southern Jutlandic]] and Northern Jutlandic, with Northern Jutlandic subdivided into North Jutlandic and West Jutlandic. Insular Danish is divided into Zealand, Funen, Møn, and Lolland-Falster dialect areas―each with addition internal variation. Bornholmian is the only Eastern Danish dialect spoken in Denmark. Since the Swedish conquest of the Eastern Danish provinces [[Scania|Skåne]], [[Halland]] and [[Blekinge]] in 1645/1658, the Eastern Danish dialects there have come under heavy Swedish influence. Many residents now speak regional variants of [[Standard Swedish]]. However, many researchers still consider the dialects in Scania, Halland ({{lang|da|hallandsk}}) and Blekinge ({{lang|da|blekingsk}}) as part of the East Danish dialect group.<ref>Niels Åge Nielsen: Dansk dialektantologi. Bind 1: Østdansk og ømål, København 1978</ref><ref>Harry Perridon: ''Dialects and written language in Old Nordic II: Old Danish and Old Swedish'', I: Oskar Bandle, Kurt Braunmuller, Ernst Hakon Jahr, Allan Karker, Hans-Peter Naumann og Ulf Teleman: ''The Nordic Languages: An International Handbook of the History of the North Germanic Languages'', Berlin 2003, {{ISBN|3-11-014876-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Samfund,_jura_og_politik/Sprog/Dansk/danske_dialekter |title=danske dialekter | Gyldendal – Den Store Danske |language= da |publisher=Denstoredanske.dk |access-date=2013-09-22}}</ref> The Swedish National Encyclopedia from 1995 classifies Scanian as ''an Eastern Danish dialect with South Swedish elements''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hallberg |first1=Göran |title=Dialekter - Uppslagsverk - NE.se |url=https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/sk%C3%A5ne/dialekter |website=www.ne.se |publisher=Nationalencyclopedin |access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref>

Traditional dialects differ in phonology, grammar, and vocabulary from standard Danish. Phonologically, one of the most diagnostic differences is the presence or absence of {{lang|da|stød}}.{{sfn|Sørensen|2011}} Four main regional variants for the realization of stød are known: In Southeastern Jutlandic, Southernmost Funen, Southern Langeland, and Ærø, no {{lang|da|stød}} is used, but instead a [[pitch accent]] (like in [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], [[Swedish language|Swedish]] and [[Gutnish]]). South of a line ({{lang|da|stødgrænsen}}, 'the stød border') going through central South Jutland, crossing Southern Funen and central Langeland and north of Lolland-Falster, Møn, Southern Zealand and Bornholm neither {{lang|da|stød}} nor pitch accent exists.<ref name="dialekt">{{cite web |url=http://dialekt.ku.dk/dialekter/dialekttraek/stoed/ |title=Stød |publisher=University of Copenhagen, Center for Dialect Studies }}</ref> Most of Jutland and on Zealand use {{lang|da| stød}}, and in Zealandic traditional dialects and regional language, {{lang|da|stød}} occurs more often than in the standard language. In Zealand, the {{lang|da|stød}} line divides Southern Zealand (without {{lang|da|stød}}), an area which used to be directly under the Crown, from the rest of the Island that used to be the property of various noble estates.{{sfn|Ejskjær|1990}}{{sfn|Kroman|1980}}

Grammatically, a dialectally significant feature is the number of grammatical genders. Standard Danish has two genders and the definite form of nouns is formed by the use of [[suffix]]es, while Western Jutlandic has only one gender and the definite form of nouns uses an article before the noun itself, in the same fashion as [[West Germanic languages]]. The Bornholmian dialect has maintained to this day many archaic features, such as a distinction between three [[grammatical gender]]s.{{sfn|Prince|1924}} Insular Danish traditional dialects also conserved three grammatical genders. By 1900, Zealand insular dialects had been reduced to two genders under influence from the standard language, but other Insular varieties, such as Funen dialect had not.{{sfn|Arboe|2008}} Besides using three genders, the old Insular or Funen dialect, could also use personal pronouns (like he and she) in certain cases, particularly referring to animals. A classic example in traditional Funen dialect is the sentence: "Katti, han får unger", literally ''The cat, he is having kittens'', because cat is a masculine noun, thus is referred to as {{lang|da|han}} (he), even if it is a female cat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dialekt.ku.dk/dialekter/dialekttraek/navneordenes_koen/|publisher=Copenhagen University, Center for Dialect Research|title=Navneordenes køn}}</ref>

== Phonology ==
[[File:Michael Noer - voice - da.flac|thumb|Spoken Standard Danish of a male born 1978 in [[Esbjerg]].]]
{{Main|Danish phonology}}

The sound system of Danish is unusual, particularly in its large vowel inventory and in the unusual prosody. In informal or rapid speech, the language is prone to considerable reduction of unstressed syllables, creating many vowel-less syllables with syllabic consonants, as well as reduction of final consonants. Furthermore, the language's prosody does not include many clues about the sentence structure, unlike many other languages, making it relatively more difficult to perceive the different sounds of the speech flow.{{sfn|Grønnum|2008a}}{{sfn|Grønnum|2008b}} These factors taken together make Danish pronunciation difficult to master for learners, and Danish children are indicated to take slightly longer in learning to segment speech in early childhood.{{sfn | Trecca | Bleses | Højen | Madsen | 2020}}

=== Vowels ===
Although somewhat depending on analysis, most modern variants of Danish distinguish 12 long vowels, 13 short vowels, and two ''schwa'' vowels, {{IPA|/ə/}} and {{IPA|/ɐ/}} that only occur in unstressed syllables. This gives a total of 27 different vowel phonemes – a very large number among the world's languages.{{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=319}} At least 19 different diphthongs also occur, all with a short first vowel and the second segment being either {{IPA|[j]}}, {{IPA|[w]}}, or {{IPA|[ɐ̯]}}.{{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=320}} The table below shows the approximate distribution of the vowels as given by {{Harvcoltxt|Grønnum|1998a}} in Modern Standard Danish, with the symbols used in [[Help:IPA/Danish|IPA/Danish]]. Questions of analysis may give a slightly different inventory, for example based on whether r-colored vowels are considered distinct phonemes. {{harvcoltxt|Basbøll|2005|page=50}} gives 25 "full vowels", not counting the two unstressed ''schwa'' vowels.

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | [[Front vowel|Front]]
! [[Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan="2" | [[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! style="font-size: smaller" | unrounded
! style="font-size: smaller" | rounded
! style="font-size: smaller" | unrounded
! style="font-size: smaller" | unrounded
! style="font-size: smaller" | rounded
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| {{IPA link|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
| {{IPA link|y}} {{IPA|yː}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
! [[Near-close vowel|Near-close]]
| {{IPA link|ɪ|e̝}} {{IPA|e̝ː}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! [[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| {{IPA link|e}} {{IPA|eː}}
| {{IPA link|ø}} {{IPA|øː}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|o}} {{IPA|oː}}
|-
! [[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|
|
| {{IPA link|ə}}
|
|
|-
! [[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| {{IPA link|ɛ}} {{IPA|ɛː}}
| {{IPA link|œ|œ}} {{IPA|œː}}
|
| {{IPA link|ʌ}}
| {{IPA link|ɔ}} {{IPA|ɔː}}
|-
! [[Near-open vowel|Near-open]]
| æ æː
| {{IPA link|œ̝|œ̞}} {{IPA|œ̞ː}}
| {{IPA link|ɐ}}
|
|
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| {{IPA link|ɶ}}
|
| {{IPA link|ä|ɑ}} {{IPA|ɑː}}
| {{IPA link|ɔ|ɒ}} {{IPA|ɒː}}
|}

=== Consonants ===
The consonant inventory is comparatively simple. {{harvcoltxt|Basbøll|2005|p=73}} distinguishes 16 non-syllabic consonant phonemes in Danish.

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
!
! [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]/ [[Pharyngeal consonant|Pharyngeal]]{{sfn|Basbøll|2005|p=130}}
! [[glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
| {{IPA|m}}
| {{IPA|n}}
|
| {{IPA|ŋ}}
|
|
|-
! [[Stop consonant|Stop]]
| {{IPA|p}}⠀{{IPA|b}}
| {{IPA|t}}⠀{{IPA|d}}
|
| {{IPA|k}}⠀{{IPA|ɡ}}
|
|
|-
! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| {{IPA|f}}
| {{IPA|s}}
|
|
|
| {{IPA|h}}
|-
! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| {{IPA|v}}
| {{IPA|l}}
| {{IPA|j}}
|
| {{IPA|ʁ}}
|
|}

Many of these phonemes have quite different [[allophone]]s in [[Syllable onset|onset]] and [[Syllable coda|coda]] where intervocalic consonants followed by a full vowel are treated as in onset, otherwise as in coda.{{sfn|Basbøll|2005|p=43}} Phonetically there is no voicing distinction among the stops, rather the distinction is one of aspiration and fortis vs. lenis.{{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=320}} {{IPA|/p t k/}} are aspirated in onset realized as {{IPA|[pʰ, tsʰ, kʰ]}}, but not in coda. The pronunciation of ''t'', {{IPA|[tsʰ]}}, is in between a simple aspirated {{IPA|[tʰ]}} and a fully affricated {{IPA|[tsʰ]}} (as has happened in German with the second [[High German consonant shift]] from ''t'' to ''z''). There is dialectal variation, and some [[Jutlandic]] dialects may be less affricated than other varieties, with Northern and Western Jutlandic traditional dialects having an almost unaspirated ''dry t''.{{sfn|Puggaard|2021}}

{{IPA|/v/}} is pronounced as a {{IPA|[w]}} in syllable coda, so e.g. {{IPA|/ɡraːvə/}} ({{lang|da|grave}}) is pronounced {{IPA|[kʁɑːwə]}}.{{sfn|Basbøll|2005|p=64}}

{{IPA|[ʋ, ð]}} often have slight frication, but are usually pronounced as [[approximant]]s. Danish {{IPA|[ð]}} differs from the similar sound in English and Icelandic, in that it is not a dental fricative but an alveolar [[approximant]] which is frequently heard as {{IPA|[l]}} by second language learners.{{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=320}}

The sound {{IPA|[ɕ]}} is found for example in the word /sjovˀ/ "fun" pronounced {{IPA|[ɕɒwˀ]}} and {{IPA|/tjalˀ/}} "marijuana" pronounced {{IPA|[tɕælˀ]}}. Some analyses have posited it as a phoneme, but since it occurs only after {{IPA|/s/}} or {{IPA|/t/}} and {{IPA|[j]}} does not occur after these phonemes, it can be analyzed as an [[allophone]] of {{IPA|/j/}}, which is devoiced after voiceless alveolar frication. This makes it unnecessary to postulate a {{IPA|/ɕ/}}-phoneme in Danish.{{sfn|Grønnum|2005|pp=305–306}} Jutlandic dialects often lack the sound {{IPA|[ɕ]}} and pronounce the ''sj'' cluster as {{IPA|[sj]}} or {{IPA|[sç]}}.

In onset {{IPA|/r/}} is realized as a [[voiced uvular fricative|uvu-pharyngeal approximant]], {{IPA|[ʁ]}}, but in coda it is either realized as a non-syllabic [[near-open central vowel|low central vowel]], {{IPA|[ɐ̯]}} or simply coalesces with the preceding vowel. The phenomenon is comparable to the ''r'' in German or in [[non-rhotic]] pronunciations of English. The Danish realization of {{IPA|/r/}} as guttural – the so-called ''skarre-r'' – distinguishes the language from those varieties of Norwegian and Swedish that use trilled {{IPA|[r]}}. Only very few, middle-aged or elderly, speakers of Jutlandic retain a frontal {{IPA|/r/}} which is then usually realised as a flapped {{IPA|[ɾ]}} or approximant {{IPA|[ɹ]}}.

=== Prosody ===
Danish is characterized by a [[prosody (linguistics)|prosodic]] feature called {{lang|da|[[stød]]}} (lit. "thrust"). This is a form of laryngealization or [[creaky voice]]. Some sources have described it as a [[glottal stop]], but this is a very infrequent realization, and today phoneticians consider it a phonation type or a prosodic phenomenon.{{sfn|Fischer-Jørgensen|1989}} It has phonemic status, since it serves as the sole distinguishing feature of words with different meanings in [[minimal pair]]s such as {{lang|da|bønder}} ("peasants") with stød, versus {{lang|da|bønner}} ("beans") without stød. The distribution of stød in the vocabulary is related to the distribution of the common Scandinavian [[pitch accent]]s found in most dialects of [[Norwegian phonology#Accent|Norwegian]] and [[Swedish phonology#Stress and pitch|Swedish]].{{sfn| Basbøll|2005|pp=83-86}}

[[stress (linguistics)|Stress]] is phonemic and distinguishes words such as {{lang|da|billigst}} {{IPA|[ˈpilist]}} "cheapest" and {{lang|da|bilist}} {{IPA|[piˈlist]}} "car driver".{{sfn|Rischel|2012|p=811}}

Danish [[Intonation (linguistics)|intonation]] has been described by [[Nina Grønnum]] as a hierarchical model where components such as the stress group, sentence type and prosodic phrase are combined, and where the stress group is the main [[intonation unit]] and in Copenhagen Standard Danish mainly has a certain pitch pattern that reaches its lowest peak on the stressed syllable followed by its highest peak on the following unstressed syllable, after which it declines gradually until the next stress group.{{sfn|Grønnum|1998b}}
The {{lang|da|stød}} is also dependent on stress, while some varieties also realize it primarily as a tone.{{sfn|Kyst|2008}}
There are also various studies on specific [[Interactional linguistics|interactional]] phenomena in Danish focusing on pitch, such as Mikkelsen & Kragelund on ways to mark the end of a story{{sfn|Mikkelsen|Kragelund|2015}} and Steensig (2001) on turn-taking.{{sfn|Steensig|2001}}

== Grammar ==
{{Main|Danish grammar}}

Similarly to the case of English, modern Danish grammar is the result of a gradual change from a typical Indo-European [[Dependent-marking language|dependent-marking]] pattern with a rich [[inflection]]al morphology and relatively free word order, to a mostly [[Analytic language|analytic]] pattern with little inflection, a fairly fixed [[SVO word order]] and a complex syntax. Some traits typical of Germanic languages persist in Danish, such as the distinction between irregularly inflected [[strong inflection|strong]] stems inflected through [[ablaut]] or [[Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] (i.e. changing the vowel of the stem, as in the pairs {{lang|da|tager/tog}} ("takes/took") and {{lang|da|fod/fødder}} ("foot/feet")) and weak stems inflected through affixation (such as {{lang|da|elsker/elskede}} "love/loved", {{lang|da|bil/biler}} "car/cars"). Vestiges of the Germanic case and gender system are found in the pronoun system. Typical for an Indo-European language, Danish follows [[Nominative–accusative language|accusative]] [[morphosyntactic alignment]]. Danish distinguishes at least seven major word classes: verbs, nouns, numerals, adjectives, adverbs, articles, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections and [[onomatopoeia]].{{sfn|Becker-Christensen|2010|p=17}}

=== Nouns ===
Nouns are inflected for number (singular vs. plural) and definiteness, and are classified into two grammatical genders. Only pronouns inflect for case, and the previous genitive case has become an [[enclitic]]. A distinctive feature of the Nordic languages, including Danish, is that the definite articles, which also mark noun gender, have developed into suffixes. Typical of Germanic languages plurals are either irregular or "[[strong inflection|strong]]" stems inflected through [[Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] (i.e. changing the vowel of the stem) (e.g. {{lang|da|fod/fødder}} "foot/feet", {{lang|da|mand/mænd}} "man/men") or "weak" stems inflected through affixation (e.g. {{lang|da|skib/skibe}} "ship/ships", {{lang|da|kvinde/kvinder}} "woman/women").{{sfn|Haberland|1994|pp=323-331}}

==== Gender ====
{{Main|Gender in Danish and Swedish}}
Standard Danish has two [[Grammatical gender|nominal genders]]: ''common'' and ''neuter''; the common gender arose as the historical feminine and masculine genders conflated into a single category. Some traditional dialects retain a three-way gender distinction, between masculine, feminine and neuter, and some dialects of Jutland have a masculine/feminine contrast. While the majority of Danish nouns (ca. 75%) have the ''common'' gender, and ''neuter'' is often used for inanimate objects, the genders of nouns are not generally predictable and must in most cases be memorized. The gender of a noun determines the form of adjectives that modify it, and the form of the definite suffixes. {{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=323-324}}

==== Definiteness ====
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|-
|+ Danish regular plural patterns
|-
! colspan="3" | Class 1
! colspan="3"|Class 2
! colspan="3" | Class 3
|-
! style="font-size: smaller" | Sg.
! style="font-size: smaller" | Pl.
! style="font-size: smaller" | Pl. definite.
! style="font-size: smaller" | Sg.
! style="font-size: smaller" | Pl.
! style="font-size: smaller" | Pl. definite.
! style="font-size: smaller" | Sg.
! style="font-size: smaller" | Pl.
! style="font-size: smaller" | Pl. definite.
|-
|{{lang|da|måned}} month||{{lang|da|måneder}} months||{{lang|da|månederne}} the months||{{lang|da|dag}} day||{{lang|da|dage}} days||{{lang|da|dagene}} "the days"||{{lang|da|år}} year||{{lang|da|år}} years ||{{lang|da|årene}} the years
|-
|{{lang|da|bil}} car||{{lang|da|biler}} cars||{{lang|da|bilerne}} the cars||{{lang|da|hund}} dog||{{lang|da|hunde}} dogs||{{lang|da|hundene}} the dogs||{{lang|da|fisk}} fish||{{lang|da|fisk}} fish (pl.)||{{lang|da|fiskene}} the fishes
|-
|}
Definiteness is marked by two mutually exclusive articles: either a postposed enclitic or a preposed article which is the obligatory way to mark definiteness when nouns are modified by an adjective.{{sfn|Rischel|2012|p=813}} Neuter nouns take the clitic {{lang|da|-et}}, and common gender nouns take {{lang|da|-en}}. Indefinite nouns take the articles {{lang|da|en}} (common gender) or {{lang|da|et}} (neuter). Hence, the common gender noun {{lang|da|en mand}} "a man" (indefinite) has the definite form {{lang|da|manden}} "the man", whereas the neuter noun {{lang|da|et hus}} "a house" (indefinite) has the definite form, "the house" (definite) {{lang|da|huset}}.{{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=323-324}} {{sfn|Lundskaer-Nielsen|Holmes|2015|p=61-68}}

Indefinite:
*''Jeg så '''et''' hus'': "I saw a house"

Definite with enclitic article:
*''Jeg så hus'''et''''': "I saw the house"

Definite with preposed demonstrative article:
*''Jeg så '''det''' store hus'':<ref group='nb'>Note here that in Swedish and Norwegian the preposed and the enclitic article occur together (e.g. {{lang|da|det store huset}}), whereas in Danish the enclitic article is replaced by the preposed demonstrative.</ref> "I saw the big house"

The plural definite ending is {{lang|da|-(e)ne}} (e.g. {{lang|da|drenge}} "boys > {{lang|da|drengene}} "the boys" and {{lang|da|piger}} "girls" > {{lang|da|pigerne}} "the girls"), and nouns ending in {{lang|da|-ere}} lose the last {{lang|da|-e}} before adding the -ne suffix (e.g. {{lang|da|danskere}} "Danes" > {{lang|da|danskerne}} "the Danes"). When the noun is modified by an adjective, the definiteness is marked by the definite article {{lang|da|den}} (common) or {{lang|da|det}} (neuter) and the definite/plural form of the adjective: {{lang|da|den store mand}} "the big man", {{lang|da|det store hus}} "the big house".{{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=330}}{{sfn|Lundskaer-Nielsen|Holmes|2015|p=61-68}}

{{reflist|group=nb}}

==== Number ====
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|-
|+ Danish irregular plurals
|-
! Sg.
! Pl.
! Pl. definite
|-
|{{lang|da|mand}} man||{{lang|da|mænd}} men||{{lang|da|mændene}} the men
|-
|{{lang|da|ko}} cow||{{lang|da|køer}} cows||{{lang|da|køerne}} the cows
|-
|{{lang|da|øje}} eye||{{lang|da|øjne}} eyes || {{lang|da|øjnene}} the eyes
|-
|{{lang|da|konto}} account||{{lang|da|konti}} accounts|| {{lang|da|kontiene}} the accounts
|-
|}
There are three different types of regular plurals: Class 1 forms the plural with the suffix {{lang|da|-er}} (indefinite) and {{lang|da|-erne}} (definite), Class 2 with the suffix {{lang|da|-e}} (indefinite) and {{lang|da|-ene}} (definite), and Class 3 takes no suffix for the plural indefinite form and {{lang|da|-ene}} for the plural definite.{{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=325-326}}

Most irregular nouns have an ablaut plural (i.e. with a change in the stem vowel), or combine ablaut stem-change with the suffix, and some have unique plural forms. Unique forms may be inherited (e.g. the plural of {{lang|da|øje}} "eye", which is the old dual form {{lang|da|øjne}}), or for loan words they may be borrowed from the donor language (e.g. the word {{lang|da|konto}} "account" which is borrowed from Italian and uses the Italian masculine plural form {{lang|da|konti}} "accounts").{{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=326}}{{sfn|Lundskaer-Nielsen|Holmes|2015|p=35-40}}

==== Possession ====
Possessive phrases are formed with the enclitic -''s'', for example {{lang|da|min fars hus}} "my father's house" where the noun {{lang|da|far}} carries the possessive enclitic.{{sfn|Herslund|2001}} This is however not an example of genitive case marking, because in the case of longer noun phrases the -s attaches to the last word in the phrase, which need not be the head-noun or even a noun at all. For example, the phrases {{lang|da|kongen af Danmarks bolsjefabrik}} "the king of Denmark's candy factory", where the factory is owned by the king of Denmark, or {{lang|da|det er pigen Uffe bor sammen meds datter}} "that is the daughter of the girl that Uffe lives with", where the enclitic attaches to a stranded preposition.{{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=325}}{{sfn|Lundskaer-Nielsen|Holmes|2015|p=53-60}}

==== Pronouns ====

{| class="wikitable floatright"
|-
|+ Danish personal pronouns
|-
! scope="col" | Person
! scope="col" | Nominative case
! scope="col" | Oblique case
! scope="col" | Possessive case/adjective
|-
! scope="row" | 1st p. sg.
| {{lang|da|jeg}} I || {{lang|da|mig}} me || {{lang|da|min/mit/mine}} my, mine
|-
! scope="row" | 2nd p. sg.
| {{lang|da|du}} You || {{lang|da|dig}} you|| {{lang|da|din/dit/dine}} your(s)
|-
! scope="row" | 3rd p. sg.
| {{lang|da|han/hun /den/det}} he/she/it|| {{lang|da|ham/hende /den/det}} him/her/it|| {{lang|da|hans/hendes /dens/dets}} his/her(s)/its
|-
! scope="row" | 1st p. pl.
| {{lang|da|vi}} we || {{lang|da|os}} us || {{lang|da|vores}} our(s)
|-
! scope="row" | 2nd p. pl.
| {{lang|da|I}} you (pl.) || {{lang|da|jer}} you (pl.) || {{lang|da|jeres}} your(s) (pl.)
|-
! scope="row" | 3rd p. pl
| {{lang|da|de}} they|| {{lang|da|dem}} them || {{lang|da|deres}} their(s)
|-
!3rd p. ref.
|N/A
|{{lang|da|sig}} him/her/itself, themself/selves
| {{lang|da|sin/sit/sine}} his/her(s)/its (own)
|}
As does English, the Danish pronominal system retains a distinction between nominative and oblique case. The nominative form of pronouns is used when pronouns occur as grammatical subject of a sentence (and only when non-coordinated and without a following modifier{{sfn|Herslund|2002|p=49}}), and oblique forms are used for all non-subject functions including direct and indirect object, predicative, comparative and other types of constructions. The third person singular pronouns also distinguish between animate masculine ({{lang|da|han}} "he"), animate feminine ({{lang|da|hun}} "she") forms, as well as inanimate neuter ({{lang|da|det}} "it") and inanimate common gender ({{lang|da|den}} "it"). {{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=326-328}}

*{{lang|da|Jeg sover}}: "I sleep"
*{{lang|da|Du sover}}: "you sleep"
*{{lang|da|Jeg kysser dig}}: "I kiss you"
*{{lang|da|Du kysser mig}}: "you kiss me"

Possessive pronouns have independent and adjectival uses, but the same form.{{sfn|Allan|Lundskaer-Nielsen|Holmes|2005|p=61}} The form is used both adjectivally preceding a possessed noun ({{lang|da|det er min hest}} "it is my horse"), and independently in place of the possessed noun ({{lang|da|den er min}} "it is mine"). In the third person singular, {{lang|da|sin}} is used when the possessor is also the subject of the sentence, whereas {{lang|da|hans}} ("his"), {{lang|da|hendes}} (her) and {{lang|da|dens/dets}} "its" is used when the possessor is different from the grammatical subject.{{sfn|Allan|Lundskaer-Nielsen|Holmes|2005|p=63}}{{sfn|Bredsdorff|1958|pp=83-85}}

*''Han tog '''sin''' hat'': He took his (own) hat
* ''Han tog '''hans''' hat'': He took his hat (someone else's hat)

==== Nominal compounds ====
Like all Germanic languages, Danish forms compound nouns. These are represented in Danish orthography as one word, as in {{lang|da|kvindehåndboldlandsholdet}}, "the female national handball team". In some cases, nouns are joined with ''s'' as a [[interfix|linking element]], originally possessive in function, like {{lang|da|landsmand}} (from {{lang|da|land}}, "country", and {{lang|da|mand}}, "man", meaning "compatriot"), but {{lang|da|landmand}} (from same roots, meaning "farmer"). Some words are joined with the linking element {{lang|da|e}} instead, like {{lang|da|gæstebog}} (from {{lang|da|gæst}} and {{lang|da|bog}}, meaning "guest book"). There are also irregular linking elements.

=== Verbs ===
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|-
|+ Danish verbal forms|-
! infinitive
! Present
! Past
|-
|{{lang|da|at være}} to be||{{lang|da|er}} is/are/am||{{lang|da|var}} was/were
|-
|{{lang|da|at se}} to see||{{lang|da|ser}} sees||{{lang|da|så}} saw
|-
|{{lang|da|at vide}} to know||{{lang|da|ved}} knows||{{lang|da|vidste}} knew
|-
|{{lang|da|at huske}} to remember||{{lang|da|husker}} remembers|| {{lang|da|huskede}} remembered
|-
|{{lang|da|at glemme}} to forget||{{lang|da|glemmer}} forgets|| {{lang|da|glemte}} forgot
|-
|}
Danish verbs are morphologically simple, marking very few grammatical categories. They do not mark person or number of subject, although the marking of plural subjects was still used in writing as late as the 19th century. Verbs have a past, non-past and infinitive form, past and present participle forms, and a passive, and an imperative.{{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=331}}

{{Anchor|Tense, Aspect, Mood, Voice}}

==== Tense, aspect, mood, and voice ====
Verbs can be divided into two main classes, the strong/irregular verbs and the regular/weak verbs.{{sfn|Rischel|2012|p=813}} The regular verbs are also divided into two classes, those that take the past suffix {{lang|da|-te}} and those that take the suffix {{lang|da|-ede}}.{{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=332}}

The infinitive always ends in a vowel, usually -e (pronounced {{IPA|[ə]}}), infinitive forms are preceded by the article {{lang|da|at}} (pronounced {{IPA|[ɒ]}}) in some syntactic functions.{{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=332}} The non-past or present tense takes the suffix {{lang|da|-r}}, except for a few strong verbs that have irregular non-past forms. The past form does not necessarily mark past tense, but also counterfactuality or conditionality, and the non-past has many uses besides present tense time reference.{{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=333}}

The present participle ends in {{lang|da|-ende}} (e.g. {{lang|da|løbende}} "running"), and the past participle ends in {{lang|da|-et}} (e.g. {{lang|da|løbet}} "run"), {{lang|da|-t}} (e.g. købt "bought"). The [[Perfect (grammar)|Perfect]] is constructed with {{lang|da|at have}} ("to have") and participial forms, like in English. But some transitive verbs form the perfect using {{lang|da|at være}} ("to be") instead, and some may use both with a difference in meaning.

* {{lang|da|Hun har gået}}. {{lang|da|Flyet har fløjet}}: ''She has walked''. ''The plane has flown''
* {{lang|da|Hun er gået}}. {{lang|da|Flyet er fløjet}}: ''She has left''. ''The plane has taken off''
* {{lang|da|Hun havde gået}}. {{lang|da|Flyet havde fløjet}}: ''She had walked''. ''The plane had flown''
* {{lang|da|Hun var gået}}. {{lang|da|Flyet var fløjet}}: ''She had left''. ''The plane had taken off''

The passive form takes the suffix -s: {{lang|da|avisen læses hver dag}} ("the newspaper is read every day"). Another passive construction uses the auxiliary verb {{lang|da|at blive}} "to become": {{lang|da|avisen bliver læst hver dag}}.{{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=333}}{{sfn|Rischel|2012|p=814}}

The imperative form is the infinitive without the final schwa-vowel, with {{lang|da|stød}} potentially being applied depending on syllable structure.:
*{{lang|da|løb!}}: "run!"

=== Numerals{{anchor|Numerals}} ===
The numerals are formed on the basis of a [[vigesimal]] system with various rules. In the word forms of numbers above 20, the units are stated before the tens, so 21 is rendered {{lang|da|enogtyve}}, literally "one and twenty".

The numeral {{lang|da|halvanden}} means {{frac|1|1|2}} (literally "half second", implying "one plus half of the second one"). The numerals {{lang|da|halvtredje}} ({{frac|2|1|2}}), {{lang|da|halvfjerde}} ({{frac|3|1|2}}) and {{lang|da|halvfemte}} ({{frac|4|1|2}}) are obsolete, but still implicitly used in the vigesimal system described below. Similarly, the [[time|temporal designation]] ({{lang|da|klokken}})'' halv tre'', literally "half three (o'clock)", is half past two.

One peculiar feature of the Danish language is that the numerals 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 are (as are the [[French language|French]] numerals from 80 through 99) based on a vigesimal system, meaning that the [[20 (number)|score]] (20) is used as a base unit in counting. {{lang|da|Tres}} (short for {{lang|da|tre-sinds-tyve}}, "three times twenty") means 60, while 50 is {{lang|da|halvtreds}} (short for {{lang|da|halvtredje-sinds-tyve}}, "half third times twenty", implying two score plus half of the third score). The [[suffix|ending]] {{lang|da|sindstyve}} meaning "times twenty" is no longer included in [[cardinal number]]s, but may still be used in [[ordinal number]]s. Thus, in modern Danish fifty-two is usually rendered as {{lang|da|tooghalvtreds}} from the now obsolete {{lang|da|tooghalvtredsindstyve}}, whereas 52nd is either {{lang|da|tooghalvtredsende}} or {{lang|da|tooghalvtredsindstyvende}}. Twenty is {{lang|da|tyve}} (derived from Old Danish {{lang|da|tiughu}}, a [[haplology]] of {{lang|da|tuttiughu}}, meaning 'two tens'<ref name="ODS">{{cite web|url=http://ordnet.dk/ods/ordbog?select=tyve,4&query=tyve |title=tyve,4 – ODS|website=ordnet.dk}}</ref>), while thirty is {{lang|da|tredive}} (Old Danish {{lang|da|þrjatiughu}}, "three tens"), and forty is {{lang|da|fyrre}} (Old Danish {{lang|da|fyritiughu}}, "four tens",<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mørch |first1=Ida Elisabeth |title=de danske tal; halvtreds |url=https://sproget.dk/raad-og-regler/artikler-mv/svarbase/SV00000047 |website=sproget.dk |publisher=Dansk Sprognævn |access-date=17 December 2021 |language=da }}</ref> still used today as the [[archaism]] {{lang|da|fyrretyve}}).{{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=348}} Thus, the suffix {{lang|da|-tyve}} should be understood as a plural of {{lang|da|ti}} (10), though to modern Danes {{lang|da|tyve}} means 20, making it hard to explain why {{lang|da|fyrretyve}} is 40 (four tens) and not 80 (four twenties).

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! '''Cardinal numeral''' || '''Danish''' || '''Literal translation''' || '''Ordinal numeral''' || '''Danish''' || '''Literal translation'''
|-
| 1 || {{lang|da|én}} / {{lang|da|ét}} || one || 1st || {{lang|da|første}} || first
|-
| 12 || {{lang|da|tolv}} || twelve || 12th || {{lang|da|tolvte}} || twelfth
|-
| 23 || {{lang|da|treogtyve}} || three and twenty || 23rd || {{lang|da|treogtyvende}} || three and 20th
|-
| 34 || {{lang|da|fireogtredive}} || four and thirty || 34th || {{lang|da|fireogtred(i)vte}} || four and 30th
|-
| 45 || {{lang|da|femogfyrre(tyve)}} || five and forty (four tens) || 45th || {{lang|da|femogfyrretyvende}} || five and four tens-th
|-
| 56 || {{lang|da|seksoghalvtreds(indstyve)}} || six and [two score plus] half [of the] third (score) || 56th || {{lang|da|seksoghalvtredsindstyvende}} || six and [two score plus] half [of the] third score-th
|-
| 67 || {{lang|da|syvogtres(indstyve)}} || seven and three (score) || 67th || {{lang|da|syvogtresindstyvende}} || seven and three score-th
|-
| 78 || {{lang|da|otteoghalvfjerds(indstyve)}} || eight and [three score plus] half [of the] fourth (score) || 78th || {{lang|da|otteoghalvfjerdsindstyvende}} || eight and [three score plus] half [of the] fourth score-th
|-
| 89 || {{lang|da|niogfirs(indstyve)}} || nine and four (score) || 89th || {{lang|da|niogfirsindstyvende}} || nine and four score-th
|-
| 90 || {{lang|da|halvfems(indstyve)}} || [four score plus] half [of the] fifth (score) || 90th || {{lang|da|halvfemsindstyvende}} || [four score plus] half [of the] fifth score-th
|}

For large numbers (one billion or larger), Danish uses the [[Long and short scales|long scale]], so that the short-scale billion (1,000,000,000) is called {{lang|da|milliard}}, and the short-scale trillion (1,000,000,000,000) is {{lang|da|billion}}.

=== Syntax ===
Danish basic constituent order in simple sentences with both a subject and an object is [[Subject–verb–object|Subject–Verb–Object]].{{sfn|Becker-Christensen|2010|p=24}} However, Danish is also a [[V2 word order|V2 language]], which means that the verb must always be the second constituent of the sentence. Following the Danish grammarian [[Paul Diderichsen]]{{sfn|Diderichsen|1974}} Danish grammar tends to be analyzed as consisting of slots or fields, and in which certain types of sentence material can be moved to the pre-verbal (or ''foundation'') field to achieve different pragmatic effects. Usually the sentence material occupying the preverbal slot has to be pragmatically marked, usually either new information or [[Topic and comment|topics]]. There is no rule that subjects must occur in the preverbal slot, but since subject and topic often coincide, they often do. Therefore, whenever any sentence material that is not the subject occurs in the preverbal position the subject is demoted to postverbal position and the sentence order becomes VSO.{{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=336}}

*{{lang|da|Peter (S) så (V) Jytte (O)}}: "Peter saw Jytte"

but

*{{lang|da|I går så (V) Peter (S) Jytte (O)}}: "Yesterday, Peter saw Jytte"

When there is no pragmatically marked constituents in the sentence to take the preverbal slot (for example when all the information is new), the slot has to take a [[Dummy pronoun|dummy subject]] "der".{{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=344}}

*{{lang|da|der kom en pige ind ad døren}}: there came a girl in through the door, "A girl came in the door"

==== Main clauses ====
{{Harvtxt|Haberland|1994|p=336}} describes the basic order of sentence constituents in main clauses as comprising the following 8 positions:

{| style="text-align: center;"
|-
|{{lang|da|Og}}||{{lang|da|ham}}||{{lang|da|havde}}||{{lang|da|Per}}||{{lang|da|ikke}}||{{lang|da|skænket}}||{{lang|da|en tanke}}||{{lang|da|i årevis}}
|-
|And||him||had||Per||not||given||a thought||for years
|-
|0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7
|-
|colspan="8" | "And him Per hadn't given a thought in years"

|}

Position 0 is not part of the sentence and can only contain sentential connectors (such as conjunctions or interjections). Position 1 can contain any sentence constituent. Position 2 can only contain the finite verb. Position 3 is the subject position, unless the subject is fronted to occur in position 1. Position 4 can only contain light adverbs and the negation. Position 5 is for non-finite verbs, such as auxiliaries. Position 6 is the position of direct and indirect objects, and position 7 is for heavy adverbial constituents.{{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=336}}

Questions with [[Interrogative word|wh-words]] are formed differently from yes/no questions. In wh-questions the question word occupies the preverbal field, regardless of whether its grammatical role is subject or object or adverbial. In yes/no questions the preverbal field is empty, so that the sentence begins with the verb.

Wh-question:
*{{lang|da|hvem så hun?}}: whom saw she, "whom did she see?"
*{{lang|da|så hun ham?}}: saw she him?, "did she see him?"

==== Subordinate clauses ====
In subordinate clauses, the word order differs from that of main clauses. In the subordinate clause structure the verb is preceded by the subject and any light adverbial material (e.g. negation).{{sfn|Jensen|2011}} [[Complement clause]]s begin with the particle {{lang|da|at}} in the "connector field".

*''Han sagde, '''at han ikke ville gå''''': he said that he not would go, "He said that he did not want to go"

[[Relative clause]]s are marked by the relative pronouns {{lang|da|som}} or {{lang|da|der}} which occupy the preverbal slot:

*''Jeg kender en mand, '''som''' bor i Helsingør:{{sfn|Haberland|1994|p=345}} "I know a man who lives in Elsinore"

== Writing system and alphabet ==
{{Main|Danish orthography}}
[[File:Illuminated keyboard 2.JPG|thumb|right|Danish keyboard with keys for Æ, Ø, and Å]]

The oldest preserved examples of written Danish (from the Iron and Viking Ages) are in the [[Runic alphabet]].{{sfn|Rischel|2012|p=815}} The introduction of [[Christianity]] also brought the [[Latin script]] to Denmark. And at the end of the [[High Middle Ages]], Runes had more or less been replaced by Latin letters.

Danish orthography is [[Conservative (linguistics)|conservative]], using most of the conventions established in the 16th century. The spoken language however has changed a lot since then, creating a gap between the spoken and written languages.{{sfn|Rischel|2012|p=820}} Since 1955, [[Dansk Sprognævn]] has been the official language council in Denmark.

The modern Danish alphabet is similar to the English one, with three additional letters: {{vr|[[æ]]}}, {{vr|[[ø]]}}, and {{vr|[[å]]}}, which come at the end of the [[Danish alphabet|alphabet]], in that order. The letters {{vr|c}}, {{vr|q}}, {{vr|w}}, {{vr|x}} and {{vr|z}} are only used in loan words. A [[spelling reform]] in 1948 introduced the letter {{vr|å}}, already in use in Norwegian and Swedish, into the Danish alphabet to replace the [[digraph (orthography)|digraph]] {{vr|aa}}.{{sfn|Rischel|2012|p=815}} The old usage continues to occur in some personal and [[geographical name]]s; for example, the name of the city of {{lang|da|[[Aalborg]]}} is spelled with {{vr|Aa}} following a decision by the City Council in the 1970s and {{lang|da|[[Aarhus]]}} decided to go back to {{vr|Aa}} in 2011. When representing the same sound {{vr|å}}, {{vr|aa}} is treated like {{vr|å}} in [[collating|alphabetical sorting]], though it appears to be two letters. When the letters are not available due to technical limitations, they are often replaced by {{vr|ae}} (for {{vr|æ}}), {{vr|oe}} or {{vr|o}} (for {{vr|ø}}), and {{vr|aa}} (for {{vr|å}}), respectively.

The same spelling reform changed the spelling of a few common words, such as the past tense {{lang|da|vilde}} (would), {{lang|da|kunde}} (could) and {{lang|da|skulde}} (should), to their current forms of {{lang|da|ville}}, {{lang|da|kunne}} and {{lang|da|skulle}} (making them identical to the infinitives in writing, as they are in speech). Modern Danish and Norwegian use the same alphabet, though spelling differs slightly, particularly with the phonetic spelling of loanwords;{{sfn|Waddingham|Ritter|2014|pp=243–244}} for example the spelling of {{lang|da|station}} and {{lang|da|garage}} in Danish remains identical to other languages, whereas in Norwegian, they are transliterated as {{lang|no|stasjon}} and {{lang|no|garasje}}.

==Research==
Danish is a well-studied language, and multiple universities in Denmark have departments devoted to Danish or linguistics with active research projects on the language, such as the [[Copenhagen School (linguistics)|Linguistic Circle of Copenhagen]],<ref>{{cite web |title=The Linguistic Circle of Copenhagen |url=https://lingvistkredsen.ku.dk/english/ |website=lingvistkredsen.ku.dk |publisher=University of Copenhagen |access-date=12 December 2021 |language=en }}</ref> and there are many dictionaries and technological resources on the language. The language council Dansk Sprognævn also publishes research on the language both nationally and internationally.<ref>{{cite web |title=Udgivelser |url=https://dsn.dk/udgivelser/ |publisher=Dansk Sprognævn |access-date=14 December 2021 |language=da-DK}}</ref> There are also research centers focusing specifically on the dialects: The Peter Skautrup center at [[Aarhus University]] describes the dialects and varieties of the Jutlandic peninsula and is working on a dictionary of Jutlandic,<ref>{{cite web |title=Peter Skautrup Centeret |url=https://jysk.au.dk/ |website=jysk.au.dk |publisher=Aarhus University |access-date=14 December 2021 |language=da}}</ref> while the Center for Dialect Research at [[University of Copenhagen]] works on the Insular Danish varieties.<ref>{{cite web |title=Center for Dialektforskning |url=https://nors.ku.dk/forskning/centre-og-forskergrupper/center-for-dialektforskning/ |website=nors.ku.dk |publisher=Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics |access-date=14 December 2021 |language=da }}</ref> The [https://projects.au.dk/the-puzzle-of-danish Puzzle of Danish] - a research project at Aarhus University, funded by the Danish Research Council - investigates whether the challenging sound structure of Danish has an impact on how native speakers process and produce Danish language. Their findings suggest that native speaker of Danish tend to use contextual cues to process Danish sounds and sentences, more than native speakers of other comparable languages, and that they produce more lexically, syntactically, and semantically redundant language in conversation.{{sfn|Trecca|2021}}

Multiple [[Text corpus|corpora]] of Danish language data are available. The [https://gigaword.dk/ Danish Gigaword project] provides a curated corpus of a billion words.{{sfn|Strømberg-Derczynski|2020}} {{lang|da|KorpusDK}} is a corpus of written texts in Danish.<ref>{{cite web |title=KorpusDK |url=https://ordnet.dk/korpusdk_en?set_language=en |website=ordnet.dk |publisher=Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab |access-date=14 December 2021}}</ref> There are also a number of conversations available in {{lang|da|SamtaleBanken}}, the Danish part of [[TalkBank]].<ref>{{cite web |title=SamtaleBank |url=https://samtalebank.talkbank.org/ |website=samtalebank.talkbank.org |publisher=TalkBank.org |access-date=12 December 2021}}</ref>{{sfn|MacWhinney|Wagner|2010}}

Academic descriptions of the language are published both in Danish and English. The most complete grammar is the {{lang|da|Grammatik over det Danske Sprog}} (Grammar of the Danish Language) by Erik Hansen & Lars Heltoft, and it is written in Danish and contains over 1800 pages.{{sfn|Hansen|Heltoft|2011}} Multiple phonologies have been written, most importantly by Basbøll{{sfn|Basbøll|2005}} and Grønnum,{{sfn|Grønnum|1998b}} based on work that used to take place at the former Institute of Phonetics at the University of Copenhagen.

== Example text ==
Article 1 of the ''[[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]]'' in Danish:
:{{lang|da|Alle mennesker er født frie og lige i værdighed og rettigheder. De er udstyret med fornuft og samvittighed, og de bør handle mod hverandre i en broderskabets ånd.}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights|website=ohchr.org|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/udhr/pages/Language.aspx?LangID=dns}}</ref>

Article 1 of the ''Universal Declaration of Human Rights'' in English:
:''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''<ref>{{cite news |title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights|publisher=United Nations |url=https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights}}</ref>

== See also ==
Realm languages:
* [[Faroese language|Faroese]]
* [[Greenlandic language|Greenlandic]]

[[North Germanic languages|Nordic languages]]:
* [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
* [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
* [[Swedish language|Swedish]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin|indent=yes|30em}}
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*{{cite book|last1=Allan|first1=Robin|first2=Tom|last2=Lundskaer-Nielsen|first3=Philip|last3=Holmes |title=Danish: An essential grammar|publisher=Routledge|year=2005}}
*{{cite book|last=Arboe|first=Torben|year=2008|chapter=Pronominal repræsentation i danske dialekter|title=12. Møde om Udforskningen af Dansk Sprog|pages=29–38|chapter-url=http://muds.dk/rapporter/MUDS_12.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518072643/http://muds.dk/rapporter/MUDS_12.pdf|archive-date=18 May 2015|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite book| author-link=Hans Basbøll| last=Basbøll| first=Hans| year=2005| title=The Phonology of Danish|publisher=Oxford University Press| isbn=978-0-19-824268-0}}
*{{cite book|title=Dansk syntaks|first=Christian |last=Becker-Christensen|publisher=Samfundslitteratur |year=2010}}
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*{{cite book |last1=Grønnum |first1=Nina |author-link=Nina Grønnum |editor1-last=Hirst |editor1-first=Daniel |editor2-last=Cristo |editor2-first=Albert Di |title=Intonation Systems |year=1998b |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=9780521395137 |pages=131–151 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/dk/academic/subjects/languages-linguistics/phonetics-and-phonology/intonation-systems-survey-twenty-languages?format=HB |chapter=Intonation in Danish }}
*{{cite journal|last=Grønnum|first=Nina|year=1998a|title=Illustrations of the IPA: Danish|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=28|issue=1 & 2|pages=99–105 |doi=10.1017/s0025100300006290 |s2cid=249412109 }}
*{{cite book|last=Grønnum|first=Nina|year=2005|title=Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk |edition=3rd |trans-title=Phonetics and Phonology, general and Danish|language=da|publisher=Akademisk Forlag |place=Copenhagen |isbn=978-87-500-3865-8}}
*{{cite journal|last=Grønnum|first=Nina|year=2008a|title=Hvad er det særlige ved dansk som gør det svært at forstå og at udtale for andre?: Første del: enkeltlydene|trans-title=What is the peculiarity of Danish that makes it difficult for others to understand and pronounce? First part: Segmentary sounds|journal=Mål og Mæle|volume=31|issue=1|pages=15–20}}
*{{cite journal|last=Grønnum|first=Nina|year=2008b|title=Hvad er det særlige ved dansk som gør det svært at forstå og at udtale for andre?: Anden del: prosodi|trans-title=What is the peculiarity of Danish that makes it difficult for others to understand and pronounce? Second part: Prosody|language=da|journal=Mål og Mæle|volume=31|issue=2|pages=19–23}}
*{{cite book |last=Haberland|first=Hartmut|chapter=Danish|pages=313–349|editor1-last=König |editor1-first=Ekkehard |editor2-last=van der Auwera |editor2-first=Johan |title=The Germanic Languages |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-28079-2 |series=Routledge Language Family Descriptions |jstor=4176538 }}
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*{{cite book|last=Hansen|first=Aage|year=1943|title=Stødet i dansk|trans-title=The Stød in Danish|language=da|series=De Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Historisk-Filologiske Meddelelser |volume=XXIX |issue=5 |location=Copenhagen|publisher=Munksgaard}}
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*{{cite journal|last=Jensen|first=Torben Juel |year=2011|title=Ordstilling i ledsætninger i moderne dansk grammatik|journal=Ny Forskning i Grammatik|volume=18|pages=123–150}}
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*{{cite book|last=Jespersen|first=Otto|year=1906|title=Modersmålets fonetik|trans-title=The phonetics of the Mothertongue|language=da|publisher=Schuboth|author-link=Otto Jespersen}}
*{{cite journal|last=Kristiansen|first=Tore|title=The role of standard ideology in the disappearance of the traditional Danish dialects|journal=Folia Linguistica |volume=32|issue=1–2|year=1998|pages=115–130 |doi=10.1515/flin.1998.32.1-2.115|s2cid=143911692}}
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*{{cite journal|last=Kroman|first=E|title=Debat: Stød-og accentområder og deres oprindelse|trans-title=Stød and accent areas and their origins|language=da|journal=Fortid og Nutid, 1.|year=1980}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Kühl |first1=Karoline |last2=Petersen |first2=Jan Heegård |last3=Hansen |first3=Gert Foget |title=The Corpus of American Danish: a language resource of spoken immigrant Danish in North and South America |journal=Language Resources and Evaluation |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=831–849 |doi=10.1007/s10579-019-09473-5|s2cid=201873487 }}
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*{{cite journal |last1=MacWhinney |first1=Brian |last2=Wagner |first2=Johannes |title=Transcribing, searching and data sharing: The CLAN software and the TalkBank data repository |journal=Gesprächsforschung |volume=11 |pages=154–173 |pmid=25484851 |pmc=4257135 |url=http://www.gespraechsforschung-online.de/fileadmin/dateien/heft2010/px-macwhinney.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711110207/http://www.gespraechsforschung-online.de/fileadmin/dateien/heft2010/px-macwhinney.pdf |archive-date=2016-07-11 |url-status=live |access-date=12 December 2021|author1-link=Brian MacWhinney}}
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*{{cite book|last=Nielsen|first=Niels Åge|title=De jyske Dialekter|year=1959|publisher=Gyldendal |location=Copenhagen}}
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*{{cite book|last=Pedersen|first=Inge Lise|year=2003|chapter=Traditional dialects of Danish and the de-dialectalization 1900–2000|title=The Sociolinguistics of Danish|publisher=International Journal of the Sociology of Language|pages=159–9}}
*{{cite journal|last=Prince|first=John Dyneley |title=The Danish Dialect of Bornholm|journal=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society|volume= 63|issue=2|year=1924|pages=190–207}}
*{{cite book |last1=Puggaard |first1=Rasmus |editor1-last=Van de Velde |editor1-first=Hans |editor2-last=Hilton |editor2-first=Nanna Haug |editor3-last=Knooihuizen |editor3-first=Remco |title=Language Variation – European Perspectives VIII |publisher=John Benjains |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9789027259820 |pages=80–110 |url=https://benjamins.com/catalog/silv.25.04pug |access-date=10 December 2021 |chapter=Modeling regional variation in voice onset time of Jutlandic varieties of Danish }}
*{{cite journal|last=Rischel|first=Jørgen|author-link=Jørgen Rischel|year=2012|title=Danish|journal=Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire|volume=90|issue=3|pages=809–832|doi=10.3406/rbph.2012.8263}}
*{{cite book |last1=Steensig |first1=Jakob |title=Sprog i virkeligheden: bidrag til en interaktionel lingvistik |year=2001 |publisher=Aarhus University Press |location=Aarhus |isbn=9788772888736}}
*{{cite arXiv |last1=Strømberg-Derczynski |first1=Leon |display-authors=etal |title=The Danish gigaword project |year=2020 |class=cs.CL |eprint=2005.03521}}
*{{cite book|last=Sørensen|first=V.|year=2011|title=Lyd og prosodi i de klassiske danske dialekter|trans-title=Sound and prosody in the classical Danish dialects|language=da|publisher=Peter Skautrup Centret |url=http://jysk.au.dk/fileadmin/www.jysk.au.dk/publikationer/centrets_publikationer/Lydogprosodi.pdf |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518194257/http://jysk.au.dk/fileadmin/www.jysk.au.dk/publikationer/centrets_publikationer/Lydogprosodi.pdf|archive-date=18 May 2015}}
*{{cite book|last=Torp|first=Arne|chapter=Nordiske sprog i fortid og nutid. Sproglighed og sprogforskelle, sprogfamilier og sprogslægtskab|publisher=Nordens Sprogråd|trans-chapter=Nordic languages in past and present. Language and language diversity, language families and linguistic relatedness|language=da|title=Nordens Sprog med rødder og fødder|trans-title=The languages of the Nordic countries with roots and feet|year=2006 |url=http://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:700645/FULLTEXT01.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034917/http://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:700645/FULLTEXT01.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=live}}
*{{cite journal | last1=Trecca | first1=Fabio | last2=Bleses | first2=Dorthe | last3=Højen | first3=Anders | last4=Madsen | first4=Thomas O | last5=Christiansen | first5=Morten H. | title=When Too Many Vowels Impede Language Processing: An Eye-Tracking Study of Danish-Learning Children | journal=Language and Speech | publisher=SAGE Publications | volume=63 | issue=4 | date=3 January 2020 | issn=0023-8309 | doi=10.1177/0023830919893390 | pages=898–918| pmid=31898932 | s2cid=147513872 | url=https://psyarxiv.com/qhnyj//download |author5-link=Morten H. Christiansen}}
*{{Cite journal |last=Trecca |first=Fabio |title=Danish as a Window Onto Language Processing and Learning |journal=Language Learning |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=799–833 |doi=10.1111/lang.12450 |s2cid=233707119 |url=https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/271695232/Danish_as_a_window_onto_language_processing_and_learning_Accepted_manuscript.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027113205/https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/271695232/Danish_as_a_window_onto_language_processing_and_learning_Accepted_manuscript.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-27 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite book |last1=Vikør |first1=Lars|chapter=The Nordic language area and the languages in the north of Europe|editor1-last=Bandle |editor1-first=Oskar |editor2-last=Braunmüller |editor2-first=Kurt |editor3-last=Jahr |editor3-first=Ernst Håkon |editor4-last=Karker |editor4-first=Allan |editor5-last=Naumann |editor5-first=Hans-Peter |editor6-last=Telefon |editor6-first=Ulf |title=The Nordic Languages I |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |location=Berlin/New York |isbn=9783110197051|doi=10.1515/9783110197051-002|author-link=Lars Vikør}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Waddingham|first1=Anne|last2=Ritter|first2=R. M.|year=2014|title=New Hart's rules: the Oxford style guide|place=Oxford, UK|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780191649134|oclc=883571244}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{InterWiki|code=da}}
{{Wiktionary category|Danish language}}
* [http://sproget.dk/ "Sproget.dk"] (a website where you can find guidance, information and answers to questions about the Danish language and language matters in Denmark (in Danish))
* [https://samtalegrammatik.dk/en/ "Samtalegrammatik.dk"] (parts of a grammar of spoken Danish)

{{Danish language|state=expanded}}
{{Languages of Denmark}}
{{Denmark topics}}
{{Germanic languages}}

[[Category:Danish language| ]]
[[Category:Fusional languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Denmark]]
[[Category:Languages of Norway]]
[[Category:Languages of Sweden]]
[[Category:Languages of Iceland]]
[[Category:Languages of the Faroe Islands]]
[[Category:Languages of Germany]]
[[Category:Languages of Greenland]]
[[Category:East Scandinavian languages]]
[[Category:North Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Scandinavian culture]]
[[Category:Subject–verb–object languages]]
[[Category:Verb-second languages]]
[[Category:Stress-timed languages]]

CNBC

2023-04-15T20:56:25Z

Rajinderkumargill: Shared an engaging publication.

{{short description|American television business news channel}}
{{about|the business news channel in the United States|its sister general news channel|MSNBC|all international CNBC channels|List of CNBC channels|other uses}}
{{Use mdy dates}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = CNBC LLC
| logo = CNBC logo.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| launch_date = {{start date and age|1989|4|17}}
| closed_date =
| picture_format = [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]]
| owner = [[Comcast]]
| parent = [[NBCUniversal Television and Streaming#NBCUniversal News Group|NBCUniversal News Group]]
| country = United States
| language = English
| area = United States, Canada
| headquarters = [[Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey]], U.S.
| replaced = {{ubl| [[Satellite Program Network]] | [[Financial News Network]]}}
| replaced by =
| sister_channels = {{ubl|[[Bravo (American TV network)|Bravo]]|[[CNBC World]]|[[MSNBC]]|[[NBC]]|[[USA Network]]|[[Golf Channel]]|[[Syfy]]|[[E!]]|[[Sky News]]}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.cnbc.com/}}
| online_serv_1 = CNBC Pro
| online_chan_1 = {{url|https://www.cnbc.com/application/pro/|CNBC Pro}} (requires subscription)
| online_serv_2 = {{Url|https://www.claropr.com/personas/servicios/servicios-hogar/claro-tv-plus/|ClaroTV+}} 
| online_chan_2 = {{small|(requires subscription to access content)}}

* ch.725
}}
[[File:111807f.jpg|thumb|right|325px|The newsroom at CNBC headquarters, also used to host ''[[Power Lunch]]'']]
[[File:CNBC NJ HQ Control Room.jpg|thumb|right|CNBC's control room in New Jersey]]
[[File:CNBC SNG 02.jpg|thumb|right|CNBC's SNG]]
[[File:CNBC Squawk on the Street studio set 201207.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Melissa Lee (journalist)|Melissa Lee]] and Simon Hobbs on assignment during the show ''[[Squawk on the Street]]'']]
[[File:Jim Goldman.jpg|thumb|right|200px|CNBC Silicon Valley bureau chief Jim Goldman on assignment at the Palo Alto [[Apple Store (retail)|Apple Store]]]]
[[File:NASDAQ studio.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The TV studio at the [[NASDAQ MarketSite]], where CNBC's market updates and the show ''[[Fast Money (CNBC)|Fast Money]]'' are hosted]]
[[File:111807i.jpg|thumb|right|200px|CNBC New Jersey headquarters]]
[[File:111807k.jpg|thumb|right|200px|CNBC New Jersey headquarters]]
[[File:111807g.jpg|thumb|right|275px|The newsroom at CNBC's New Jersey headquarters]]
[[File:Becky Quick 2-1.jpg|thumb|right|A ''[[Squawk Box]]'' [[Outside broadcasting|outside broadcast]], hosted by [[Rebecca Quick]]]]
[[File:Fleet Place.jpg|thumb|upright|CNBC Europe's headquarters in Fleet Place, [[London]]]]
[[File:International Plaza, Jan 06.JPG|thumb|upright|CNBC Asia's headquarters in [[International Plaza (Singapore)|International Plaza]], [[Singapore]]]]
'''CNBC''' (formerly '''Consumer News and Business Channel''') is an American [[basic cable]] [[List of business news channels|business news channel]] and [[website]]. It provides business news programming on weekdays from 5:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m., [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern Time]], while broadcasting [[talk show]]s, investigative reports, [[documentaries]], [[infomercial]]s, [[reality show]]s, and other programs at all other times. Along with [[Fox Business]] and [[Bloomberg Television]], it is one of the three major business news channels. It also operates a [[website]] and [[mobile app]]s, whereby users can watch the channel via [[streaming media]], and which provide some content that is only accessible to paid subscribers. CNBC content is available on demand on [[smart speaker]]s including [[Amazon Echo]] devices with [[Amazon Alexa]], [[Google Home]] and app devices with [[Google]] Assistant, and on [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] [[Siri]] voice interfaces including [[iPhones]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/24/amazon-echo-tips-and-tricks.html |title=Here are a bunch of things you can do with your new Amazon Echo |first=Todd |last=Haselton |website=CNBC |archive-date=June 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616154817/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/24/amazon-echo-tips-and-tricks.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Many CNBC TV shows are available as [[podcast]]s for on-demand listening.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/podcast/ |title=Podcasts |website=CNBC |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410224648/https://www.cnbc.com/podcast/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Graphics are designed by Sweden-based Magoo 3D studios.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.magoo.se/portfolio/rebrand-cnbc/ |title=Rebrand for CNBC |website=Magoo 3D |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026123022/http://www.magoo3dstudios.com/work/cnbc201/ |archive-date=October 26, 2014}}</ref>

CNBC is a division of [[NBCUniversal Television and Streaming#NBCUniversal News Group|NBCUniversal News Group]], a subsidiary of [[NBCUniversal]], which is owned by [[Comcast]]. It is headquartered in [[Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey]].

In addition to the domestic U.S. feed, there are several international editions on the [[list of CNBC channels]], although many just license the CNBC name.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/01/technology/01iht-tv02.2989349.html | title=CNBC pushes hard to fend off rival Fox - Technology - International Herald Tribune | first=Eric | last=Pfanner | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=October 1, 2006 | url-access=limited}}</ref> Examples include [[CNBC World]], [[CNBC Europe]], [[CNBC Asia]], [[Class CNBC]] in Italy, [[CNBC Indonesia]] in Indonesia, [[CNBC Arabiya]] in the UAE, [[Nikkei CNBC]] in Japan, [[CNBC TV18]], [[CNBC Awaaz]], and CNBC Baazar (A special [[Gujarati language]] channel) in India, and [[GNN (news channel)|GNN/CNBC Pakistan]] in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/cnbc-preps-launch-south-korea-100685/ |title=CNBC Preps Launch in South Korea | work=[[Adweek]] | date=October 22, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705022552/http://www.adweek.com/news/television/cnbc-preps-launch-south-korea-100685 | archive-date=July 5, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SBS-CNBCLaunch">{{cite press release | url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/34950399/ | title=CNBC Launch 24-hour Korean Language Business News Channel, SBS-CNBC | publisher=CNBC | date=January 20, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116063451/https://www.cnbc.com/id/34950399/ | archive-date=November 16, 2020 | url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==
CNBC traces its roots to the founding in 1979 of the [[Satellite Program Network]] (SPN), showing a low-budget mix of old movies and instructional and entertainment programs. The channel later changed its name to Tempo Television. After initially signing a letter of intent to acquire Tempo,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/03/business/the-media-business-nbc-to-buy-cable-service.html | title=The Media Business; NBC to Buy Cable Service | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=May 3, 1988 | url-access=limited | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090807191148/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/03/business/the-media-business-nbc-to-buy-cable-service.html | archive-date=August 7, 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> [[NBC]] opted for a deal to lease the channel's [[transponder]] in June 1988.<ref>{{cite news | last=Boyer | first=Peter J. | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/10/business/the-media-business-nbc-cable-deal-is-off-but-lease-accord-is-set.html | title=The Media Business; NBC Cable Deal Is Off, But Lease Accord Is Set | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=June 10, 1988 | url-access=limited | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112060718/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/10/business/the-media-business-nbc-cable-deal-is-off-but-lease-accord-is-set.html | archive-date=November 12, 2012 | url-status=live}}</ref> On this platform, and under the guidance of [[Tom Rogers (executive)|Tom Rogers]], the channel was relaunched on April 17, 1989, as the '''Consumer News and Business Channel'''. NBC and [[Cablevision]] initially operated CNBC as a 50–50 [[joint venture]],<ref>{{cite news |title=The Media Business; New CNBC President | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/27/business/the-media-business-new-cnbc-president.html | work=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116024936/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/27/business/the-media-business-new-cnbc-president.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Carter | first=Bill |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/10/business/the-media-business-television-nbc-walks-into-a-cable-minefield.html?pagewanted=2 |title=The Media Business: Television; NBC Walks Into a Cable Minefield |work=[[The New York Times]] | date=April 10, 1989 | url-access=limited | archive-date=July 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728035653/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/10/business/the-media-business-television-nbc-walks-into-a-cable-minefield.html?pagewanted=2 |url-status=live}}</ref> and it was headquartered in [[Fort Lee, New Jersey]]. [[Sue Herera]] and Scott Cohn joined CNBC at its inception.<ref>{{cite web |website=CNBC | url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/15838111/ |title=Sue Herera |access-date=November 14, 2007 | archive-date=September 30, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930204301/http://www.cnbc.com/id/15838111/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |website=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/15838202/ | title=Scott Cohn |archive-date=May 13, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513103024/http://www.cnbc.com/id/15838202 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Vrana | first=Debora| url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-may-11-fi-36209-story.html | title=They've Got the Beat | work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=May 11, 1999 | url-access=limited}}</ref>

CNBC had considerable difficulty getting cable carriage at first, as many providers were skeptical of placing it alongside the longer-established [[Financial News Network]]. By the winter of 1990, CNBC was in only 17 million homes – less than half of FNN's potential reach – despite the size of NBC, its parent.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/27/business/the-media-business-surprise-pact-by-ge-unit-to-buy-fnn.html |first=Geraldine |last=Fabrikant |title=The Media Business; Surprise Pact By G.E. Unit To Buy FNN |work=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112060726/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/27/business/the-media-business-surprise-pact-by-ge-unit-to-buy-fnn.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

After an [[accounting scandal]], FNN filed for [[bankruptcy protection]] on March 2, 1991 and put itself up for sale. After a bidding war with a [[Dow Jones & Company]]–[[Westinghouse Broadcasting]] consortium, CNBC was awarded FNN by a bankruptcy judge for $154.3 million on May 21, 1991 and merged the two operations.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/10/business/the-media-business-cnbc-wins-bidding-war-for-fnn.html | title=THE MEDIA BUSINESS; CNBC Wins Bidding War For FNN | first=Geraldine | last=Fabrikant | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=May 10, 1991 | url-access=limited}}</ref> CNBC hired around 60 of FNN's 300-person workforce. [[Bill Griffeth]] and [[Joe Kernen]], who are still with the channel, joined CNBC at that time.<ref>{{cite web |website=CNBC | url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/15838087/ |title=Joe Kernen |archive-date=September 30, 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930203531/http://www.cnbc.com/id/15838087/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |website=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/15838137/ | title=Bill Griffeth |archive-date=May 13, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513104248/http://www.cnbc.com/id/15838137/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Other former FNN's workforce were hired by [[Bloomberg Television]].<ref name="Seattle">{{cite news |url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19910526&slug=1285405 |title=Purchase Of FNN Boosts NBC's Cable-Market Share | agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |archive-date=May 16, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516011912/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19910526&slug=1285405 |url-status=live}}</ref> The deal increased the distribution of the network to over 40 million homes.<ref name="Seattle" /> Cablevision sold its 49.5% stake in CNBC to NBC upon completion of the deal.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/02/26/CNBC-to-buy-FNN/1610667544400/ | title=CNBC to buy FNN | work=[[United Press International]] | date=February 26, 1991}}</ref>

[[Roger Ailes]] was hired as the president of CNBC in August 1993,<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://buffalonews.com/news/ailes-named-to-head-cnbc/article_e856300d-c528-517c-8177-8ab4f5b6f95c.html | title=AILES NAMED TO HEAD CNBC | work=[[The Buffalo News]] | date=August 31, 1993}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/07/20/how-embattled-fox-news-ceo-roger-ailes-transformed-cable-news.html | title=How embattled Fox News CEO Roger Ailes transformed cable news | first=Michelle | last=Castillo | work=CNBC| date=July 20, 2016}}</ref> tasked by NBC CEO [[Bob Wright]] with turning around the struggling network. Ailes resigned in January 1996 due to disagreements with management including the decision by NBC management to form a joint venture with [[Microsoft]] that included the rebrand of "[[America's Talking]]" as [[MSNBC]]. Under the leadership of Ailes, annual revenue at CNBC rose from $43 million to $110 million.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/19/business/the-media-business-ailes-steps-down-as-head-of-cnbc-cable-channel.html | title=THE MEDIA BUSINESS;Ailes Steps Down as Head Of CNBC Cable Channel | first=Bill | last=Carter | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=January 19, 1996}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/18/how-foxs-ailes-changed-cable-news.html |title=Roger Ailes' knack for turning politics into entertainment changed cable news |first=Michelle |last=Castillo | website=CNBC |archive-date=November 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109070940/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/18/how-foxs-ailes-changed-cable-news.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

CNBC launched [[CNBC Asia]], headquartered in [[Singapore]] in June 1995<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://adage.com/article/news/cnbc-launched-asia/16020 | title=CNBC LAUNCHED IN ASIA | work=[[Ad Age]] | date=June 21, 1995}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://apnews.com/article/d69ab8532a9d452497cc277f6098a97d | title=NBC Launches CNBC Asia | work=[[Associated Press]] | date=June 20, 1995}}</ref> and [[CNBC Europe]], headquartered in [[London]], in March 1996.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://adage.com/node/1933366/printable/print | title=CNBC OPENS IN EUROPE | work=[[Ad Age]] | date=March 12, 1996}}</ref>

In December 1997, CNBC formed a strategic alliance with Dow Jones, including content sharing with [[Dow Jones Newswires]], ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', [[MarketWatch]], and ''[[Barron's (newspaper)|Barron's]]'' and the rebranding of the channel as "a service of NBC and Dow Jones" (later "a service of NBC Universal and Dow Jones" following the formation of [[NBCUniversal]] in 2004).<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1997/12/09/NBC-Dow-Jones-form-alliance/2119881643600/ | title=NBC, Dow Jones form alliance | work=[[United Press International]] | date=December 9, 1997}}</ref><ref name="alliance">{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1997/12/10/dow-jones-teams-up-with-nbc/e0095b96-1225-4063-b338-574e53e21fc5/ | title=DOW JONES TEAMS UP WITH NBC | first=Devon | last=Spurgeon | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=December 10, 1997}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-12-10-9712100261-story.html | title=ONE ALLIANCE, 2 BIG NAMES | first=Tim | last=Jones | work=[[Chicago Tribune]] | date=December 10, 1997 | url-access=limited}}</ref> Fox merged with Dow Jones in 2007 and [[Fox Business]] later became a competitor to CNBC.

Also in December 1997, CNBC's international channels were merged into a 50–50 joint venture with their Dow Jones–owned rivals, London-based European Business News and Singapore-based Asia Business News.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nexttv.com/news/nbc-throws-some-towels-overseas-158880 | title=NBC Throws In Some Towels Overseas | first1=JANET | last1=STILSON | first2=WILLIAM | last2=MAHONEY | work=[[Multichannel News]] | date=April 19, 1998}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB88162680535901000 | title=Dow Jones, GE's NBC Agree To Consolidate TV Operations | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | date=December 9, 1997 | url-access=subscription}}</ref>

During the late 1990s and early 2000s, CNBC's ratings increased sharply along with the stock market, often beating those of [[CNN]] during market hours.<ref>{{cite news | first=Charles | last=Fishman | title=The Revolution Will Be Televised (on CNBC) | url=https://www.fastcompany.com/39859/revolution-will-be-televised-cnbc | work=[[Fast Company]] | date=May 2000 | archive-date=September 30, 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930201708/http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/35/cnbc.html | url-status=live}}</ref> The highest daytime viewership of the network in 2000 was 343,000.<ref>{{cite news |first=Joel |last=Topcik |title=Wald Boosts Business at CNBC | work=[[Broadcasting & Cable]] | url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6372783.html |archive-date=October 12, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012191836/http://broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6372783.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

However, after the burst of the [[dot-com bubble]], CNBC's viewing figures declined in tandem. In 2002, CNBC's ratings fell 44% and were down another 5% in 2003.<ref name=look>{{cite news | url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&id=GALE%7CA111023283&v=2.1&it=r&sid=AONE&asid=1a404fa6&userGroupName=anon%7E21e25fc | title=CNBC Fell from Grace When the Bubble Burst. How Does It Look Now? |last=Brady | first=Ray | date=December 2003 | work=[[Columbia Journalism Review]] | archive-date=April 11, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411120059/http://cjrarchives.org/issues/2003/6/cnbc-brady.asp | url-status=live}}</ref> The network's ratings steadily fell until bottoming in Q1 2005, with an average viewership of 134,000 during the day.<ref>{{cite news | first=Michael | last=Learmonth |title=CNBC on a Road Bound for Revamps | work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | date=February 7, 2005 | url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117917550.html?categoryid=1237&cs=1 | archive-date=March 21, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321081533/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117917550.html?categoryid=1237&cs=1 | url-status=dead}}</ref>

From 2001<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/2001/BUSINESS/04/23/is_feed/cnbc/ | title=CNBC.com to merge with MSN MoneyCentral | first=Kenneth | last=Li | publisher =[[CNN]] | date=April 23, 2001 | archive-date=May 2, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502160245/http://www.cnn.com/2001/BUSINESS/04/23/is_feed/cnbc/ | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-apr-24-fi-54824-story.html | title=MoneyCentral and CNBC.com to Merge | agency=[[Associated Press]] | work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=April 24, 2001 | url-access=limited | archive-date=May 2, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502160245/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-apr-24-fi-54824-story.html | url-status=live}}</ref> to 2006, the CNBC website was operated by [[MSN]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/04/business/worldbusiness/04iht-cnbc.3767602.html | title=CNBC redesigns its Web site | agency=[[International Herald Tribune]] | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=December 4, 2006 | archive-date=May 2, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502160245/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/04/business/worldbusiness/04iht-cnbc.3767602.html | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/335495 | title=US financial channel CNBC moves Web content off MSN, relaunches own site | agency=[[Associated Press]] | publisher=[[Taiwan News]] | date=December 4, 2006 | archive-date=May 2, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502160247/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/335495 | url-status=live}}</ref>

In August 2003, CNBC signed a deal to provide weather content from [[AccuWeather]].<ref>{{Cite press release | url=https://www.accuweather.com/en/press/36874 | title=CNBC Selects AccuWeather as Primary Weather Provider | publisher=[[AccuWeather]] | date=August 12, 2003}}</ref>

[[File:CNBC entry jeh.jpg|thumb|[[Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey|Englewood Cliffs]] headquarters]]

In October 2003, CNBC moved its world [[headquarters]] from Fort Lee (which became the new home of [[Telemundo]] flagship station [[WNJU]]) to a new [[digital video]] production studio in [[Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/27/realestate/commercial-property-new-jersey-englewood-cliffs-adding-cnbc-to-corporate-logos.html | title=Commercial Property/New Jersey; Englewood Cliffs Adding CNBC to Corporate Logos | first=Rachelle | last=Garbarine | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=August 27, 2000 | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.tvtechnology.com/news/cnbcs-new-network-broadcast-operations | title=CNBC's new network broadcast operations | first=Michael | last=Grotticelli | work=[[TV Technology]] | date=February 1, 2004}}</ref>

NBC Universal reacquired full control of loss-making CNBC Europe and CNBC Asia from Dow Jones at the end of 2005. The licensing agreement between Dow and CNBC U.S. remained intact, until it expired in 2012.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.ft.com/content/6a5f28d6-f9df-11d9-b092-00000e2511c8 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/6a5f28d6-f9df-11d9-b092-00000e2511c8 |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | title=Dow Jones severs links with business TV | first=Aline | last=van Duyn | work=[[Financial Times]] | date=July 21, 2005}}</ref>

CNBC reported annual revenues of $510 million in 2006.<ref>{{cite news |first=J. Maz | last=Robins |title=A Modified MSNBC? |work=[[Broadcasting & Cable]] | url=https://www.nexttv.com/news/modified-msnbc-73473 | archive-date=October 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071002225012/http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6374608.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

In September 2006, CNBC launched the FTSE CNBC Global 300 [[stock market index]] in conjunction with [[FTSE Group]]. The index includes the fifteen largest companies from each of the sectors of the [[Industry Classification Benchmark]] as well as the thirty largest companies from [[emerging markets]].<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/18042479 | title=FTSE and CNBC Team up to create FTSE CNBC Global 300 Index |website=[[CNBC Europe]] | date=September 18, 2006 |archive-date=August 16, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080816071423/http://www.cnbc.com/id/18042479 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Profits at CNBC exceeded $333 million in 2007, making CNBC the second most profitable of NBC Universal's thirteen cable channels in the United States, behind only the [[USA Network]].<ref name="Hempel" /> Ratings hit an all-time high in 2007.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/22503610 | title=CNBC has Robust Ratings Growth in 2007 | first=Jennifer | last=Dauble | work=CNBC | date=January 4, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.adweek.com/tvnewser/a-lot-of-bests-in-cnbcs-2007-ratings-report/18625/ | title=A Lot of "Bests" in CNBC's 2007 Ratings Report | author=SteveK | work=[[AdWeek]] | date=January 4, 2008}}</ref>

[[CNBC Africa]] was launched on June 1, 2007.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2007/04/10/cnbc-to-launch-new-affiliate-channel-in-africa.html | title=CNBC to Launch New Affiliate Channel in Africa | work=CNBC | date=April 10, 2007}}</ref>

[[File:CNBCHD 20140409.png|thumb|right|290px|CNBC HD on April 9, 2014.]]
On October 22, 2007, CNBC launched "CNBC Investor Network", a series of [[webcam]] connections to the [[trading room]]s of various independent financial institutions across the United States, allowing traders to be interviewed instantaneously as news breaks.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.adweek.com/tvnewser/cnbc-sets-up-trading-floor-webcams/17719/ | title=CNBC Sets Up Trading Floor Webcams | first=Chris | last=Ariens | work=[[Ad Week]] | date=October 22, 2007}}</ref>

In December 2007, CNBC formed a content partnership with [[Yahoo! Finance]].<ref>{{cite news | first=Brian |last=Stelter |title=Yahoo Deal Adds Content From CNBC |work=[[The New York Times]] | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/12/business/media/12cnbc.html |archive-date=December 10, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210202648/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/12/business/media/12cnbc.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

In January 2008, CNBC formed a content partnership with ''[[The New York Times]]'', which was seen as an attempt by both parties to take on increased competition from News Corporation.<ref>{{cite news |title=CNBC and The New York Times make content deal | agency=[[Associated Press]] | work=[[International Herald Tribune]] | url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/01/07/technology/cnbc.php}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Sweney | first=Mark |title=New York Times and CNBC in alliance |work=[[The Guardian]] | date=January 8, 2008 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/jan/08/rupertmurdoch.newscorporation | location=[[London]] |archive-date=September 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901100403/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/jan/08/rupertmurdoch.newscorporation |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/07/business/media/07paper.html | title=Times and CNBC to Share Material on Web Sites | first=Richard | last=Pérez-Peña | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=January 7, 2008 | url-access=limited}}</ref>

In May 2008, CNBC formed a content partnership with [[AOL]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Rex | last=Crum |title=AOL announces new content deal with CNBC |work=[[MarketWatch]] | url=http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/aol-announces-new-content-deal/story.aspx?guid=%7BB5C73D86-4B58-49B8-AD5F-736D94DA3F17%7D&dist=msr_1 |archive-date=September 29, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929034657/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/aol-announces-new-content-deal-with-cnbc?dist=msr_1 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Average daytime viewership (6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.) reached a seven-year high of 310,000 viewers in the first quarter of 2008.<ref name="Hempel">{{cite news | first=Jessi | last=Hempel | url=https://money.cnn.com/2008/03/31/news/companies/cnbc_pain.fortune/ | title=CNBC Feels Your Pain... |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409205739/https://money.cnn.com/2008/03/31/news/companies/cnbc_pain.fortune/?postversion=2008033112 |archive-date=April 9, 2008}}</ref>

Ratings plummeted in 2009 as the network aired bad economic news resulting from the [[Great Recession]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/cnbc-viewership-down-sharply-from-08-and-07-2009-12 | title=CNBC Viewership Down Sharply From '08 AND '07 | first=Joe | last=Weisenthal | work=[[Business Insider]] | date=December 3, 2009}}</ref>

In January 2010, the launch of the [[Korean language]] channel [[SBS-CNBC]] marked the fifteenth CNBC-branded channel worldwide.<ref name="SBS-CNBCLaunch" />

In July 2010, BT signed a five-year contract with CNBC Europe to distribute content from its London headquarters to sister sites in Europe and the US.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2010/07/08/bt-signs-cnbc-deal/ | title=BT signs CNBC deal | work=[[Informa]] | date=July 8, 2010}}</ref>

In 2011, CNBC won an award at the [[International Broadcasting Convention]] for its CNBC 4D: Interactive motion tracking that allows CNBC presenters to interact with 3D graphics, using technology from Unreel, Brainstorm, Motion Analysis.<ref>{{Cite press release | url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ibc2011-innovation-awards-spans-the-globe-with-remarkable-advances-124347789.html | title=IBC2011 Innovation Awards Spans the Globe with Remarkable Advances | publisher=[[PR Newswire]] | date=June 22, 2011}}</ref>

In June 2012, CNBC expanded its partnership with Yahoo! Finance in an effort to reach more online viewers. That month, CNBC.com had 6.5 million unique visitors in the United States while Yahoo! Finance had 37.5 million.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/13/business/media/cnbc-and-yahoo-finance-expand-partnership-to-online-video.html | title=To Bolster Web Reach, CNBC Joins With Yahoo | first=Brian | last=Stelter | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=June 13, 2012 | url-access=limited}}</ref>

In 2013, host [[Maria Bartiromo]] left CNBC for [[Fox Business]] in part because Fox offered her $5–6 million per year compared to the $4 million per year that she made at CNBC.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/why-maria-bartiromo-cnbc-to-fox-2013-11 | title=Here's Why Maria Bartiromo Is Leaving CNBC For FOX Business | first1=Julia | last1=La Roche | first2=Henry | last2=Blodget | authorlink2=Henry Blodget | work=[[Business Insider]] | date=November 22, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=David |last=Wighton |title=Lunch with the FT: She's the One |work=[[Financial Times]] | url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/77ed78d0-e0bc-11da-90ad-0000779e2340.html?nclick_check=1 | date=May 12, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Friedman |title=CNBC's Maria Bartiromo Outgrows the 'Money Honey' Label |work=[[MarketWatch]] | url=http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/cnbcs-maria-bartiromo-outgrows-money/story.aspx?guid=%7B6B2F0C22-4473-4413-A3D0-DAF38FF7296B%7D |archive-date=September 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929034656/https://www.marketwatch.com/latest-news |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Conflict in Plane Sight |work=[[Broadcasting & Cable]] |url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6413191.html | archive-date=December 1, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201224325/http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6413191.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

On January 6, 2015, CNBC changed the way it calculates ratings, switching from [[Nielsen ratings]] to a system by Cogent Research to calculate the viewership of its business day programming by surveying financial advisers and investors, with the goal of providing a more accurate measurement of the network's out-of-home viewership; Nielsen is still used to track the viewership of its entertainment programming.<ref>{{cite news | title=CNBC to Stop Using Nielsen for Ratings | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/cnbc-to-stop-using-nielsen-for-ratings-1420520556 | first=Joe | last=Flint | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | date=January 6, 2014 | url-access=subscription | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214101431/https://www.wsj.com/articles/cnbc-to-stop-using-nielsen-for-ratings-1420520556 | archive-date=February 14, 2017 | url-status=live}}</ref>

In October 2015, CNBC reached a record in viewership when it hosted one of the [[United States presidential debates]] of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/28/business/media/a-debate-cnbc-plans-to-win.html | title=CNBC May Be the Big Winner of the Next Republican Debate | first=John | last=Koblin | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=October 28, 2015 | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.thewrap.com/cnbc-wont-back-down-from-hosting-another-presidential-debate-exclusive/ | title=CNBC Won't Back Down From Hosting Another Presidential Debate (Exclusive) | first=Jordan | last=Chariton | work=[[TheWrap]] | date=October 30, 2015}}</ref>

On January 10, 2016, CNBC and [[Trans Media]] announced a strategic partnership to create [[Indonesian language]] channel [[CNBC Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/01/10/cnbc-and-pt-trans-media-corpora-announce-indonesia-partnership.html | title=CNBC and PT Trans Media Corpora announce Indonesia Partnership | date=10 January 2016 | work=CNBC |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043741/https://www.cnbc.com/2016/01/10/cnbc-and-pt-trans-media-corpora-announce-indonesia-partnership.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The channel was launched in 2018.

By 2017, Fox Business had overtaken CNBC as the most watched daytime business news network.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.thewrap.com/fox-business-network-surpassed-cnbc/ | title=Has Fox Business Dethroned CNBC as New King of Daytime Cable Biz News? | first=Brian | last=Flood | work=[[TheWrap]] | date=March 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://thehill.com/homenews/media/326126-fox-business-tops-cnbc-in-total-viewers-for-6th-straight-month/ | title=Fox Business tops CNBC in total viewers for 6th-straight month | first=JOE | last=CONCHA | work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] | date=March 28, 2017}}</ref>

CNBC's online video operations generated an all-time high of 1.92 billion total digital video starts across platforms in 2020.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/19/cnbc-digital-has-record-year-in-2020.html | title=CNBC Digital Has Record Year in 2020 | publisher=CNBC | date=January 19, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524053027/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/19/cnbc-digital-has-record-year-in-2020.html | archive-date=May 24, 2021 | url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2020, CNBC hired [[Shepard Smith]] from [[Fox News]] to be its primary news anchor, providing a salary of approximately $10 million. However, viewers did not follow him from Fox.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/media/shepard-smith-was-a-big-catch-for-cnbc-but-the-viewers-havent-followed-him-from-fox/2020/12/03/704488bc-2e7c-11eb-96c2-aac3f162215d_story.html | title=Shepard Smith was a big catch for CNBC. But the viewers haven't followed him from Fox. | first=Paul | last=Farhi | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=December 3, 2020 | url-access=limited}}</ref>

In 2021, CNBC signed a new multi-platform deal with [[Jim Cramer]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/cnbc-jim-cramer-new-deal-1235010604/ | title=CNBC Signs Jim Cramer to New Multiplatform Deal | first=ALEX | last=WEPRIN | work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] | date=September 9, 2021}}</ref>

In 2021, CNBC moved their Singapore HQ to Mapletree Business City

==Physical stores==
[[File:CNBC News Store - Detroit.jpg|thumb|CNBC News Store at [[Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport]]]]
[[File:CNBC News Store - Raleigh-Durham.jpg|thumb|CNBC News Store at [[Raleigh-Durham International Airport]]]]
[[File:CNBCStorePhiladelphia.jpg|thumb|right|CNBC News in [[Philadelphia International Airport]]]]
CNBC has a licensing partnership with [[Paradies Lagardère]] to operate retail locations in [[List of airports in the United States|United States airports]] branded as CNBC News, CNBC Express, and CNBC SmartShop. The stores sell CNBC-branded merchandise as well as snacks and drinks.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.paradieslagardere.com/brands | title=Paradies Lagardère: Brands | publisher=[[Paradies Lagardère]] | access-date=May 3, 2021 | archive-date=May 4, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504154959/https://www.paradieslagardere.com/brands | url-status=live}}</ref>

==Criticism==
{{See also|Jon Stewart's 2009 criticism of CNBC}}CNBC has been criticized for allegedly amplifying [[bull market|bull]] and [[bear market|bear]] markets, particularly in the run-up to the [[dot-com bubble]] and the [[subprime mortgage crisis]] a decade later.<ref name=look/><ref name="nytimes1">{{cite news |last=Rutenberg |first=Jim |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/26/business/media-cnbc-suffers-slings-and-arrows-of-market-s-slide.html?pagewanted=2 |title=Media; CNBC Suffers Slings and Arrows of Market's Slide |work=The New York Times |access-date=March 12, 2009 |archive-date=May 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527173420/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/26/business/media-cnbc-suffers-slings-and-arrows-of-market-s-slide.html?pagewanted=2 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nytimes2">{{cite news |last=Stelter |first=Brian |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/09/business/media/09cnbc.html |title=CNBC Thrives as Hosts Deliver News With Attitude |work=The New York Times |access-date=March 12, 2009 |archive-date=April 9, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409190035/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/09/business/media/09cnbc.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In response to these criticisms, CNBC anchors have pointed to the size of the market and noted that influencing it is "a little out of our reach."<ref name="nytimes1" />

[[Jon Stewart]] on [[Comedy Central]]'s ''[[The Daily Show]]'' has been a vocal critic of CNBC and some of its personalities, beginning after comments were made by [[Rick Santelli]].<ref name="CNBC">{{cite web |last=Santelli |first=Rick |url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/29283701 |title=Rick Santelli's Shout Heard 'Round the World |website=CNBC |access-date=February 22, 2009 |archive-date=February 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225034711/http://www.cnbc.com/id/29283701 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="dailyshow">{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailyshow.com/video/index.jhtml?videoId=220252&title=cnbc-financial-advice |title=CNBC Financial Advice |website=TheDailyShow.com |access-date=May 6, 2009 |archive-date=September 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929034657/https://www.cc.com/shows/the-daily-show-with-trevor-noah |url-status=live}}</ref> Despite the lack of direct comments by the network, several personalities have defended their predictions and comments.<ref name="nwherald1">{{cite news |last=Gold |first=Matea |url=http://www.nwherald.com/articles/2009/03/11/45796046/index.xml |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130130055325/http://www.nwherald.com/articles/2009/03/11/45796046/index.xml |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 30, 2013 |title=Economy not small issue in deepening Stewart-CNBC feud |work=[[Northwest Herald]] |access-date=March 12, 2009}}</ref><ref name="santelliarticle">{{cite web |last=Santelli |first=Rick |url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/29471026 |title=Rick Santelli: I Want to Set the Record Straight |website=CNBC |access-date=March 3, 2009 |archive-date=November 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114213239/https://www.cnbc.com/id/29471026 |url-status=live}}</ref>

CNBC was accused by the Obama administration of "cable chatter"—the excessive and sometimes brutal discussion on a particular topic, often one-sided.<ref name="ap1">{{cite web |last=Bauder |first=David |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-obama-cable-chatter-030409-2009mar04-story.html |title=Obama administration goes after cable chatter |work=[[San Diego Union Tribune]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] | url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/blogs/2009/02/23/politics/politicalhotsheet/entry4822891.shtml |title=Another Swipe From Obama At "Cable Chatter" |work=[[CBS News]] |archive-date=February 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227112228/http://www.cbsnews.com/blogs/2009/02/23/politics/politicalhotsheet/entry4822891.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Performance of Jim Cramer's stock picks===
Regarding CNBC's ''[[Mad Money]]'' host [[Jim Cramer]], an August 20, 2007 article in ''[[Barron's (newspaper)|Barron's]]'' stated that "his picks haven't beaten the market. Over the past two years, viewers holding Cramer's stocks would be up 12% while the Dow rose 22% and the S&P 500 16%."<ref>{{cite news | last=Alpert | first=Bill | url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/SB118681265755995100 | title=Shorting Cramer | work=[[Barron's (newspaper)|Barron's]] | date=August 20, 2007 | url-access=subscription}}</ref>

== High definition ==
On October 10, 2007, CNBC HD, a [[1080i]] [[high-definition television]] [[simulcast]] of CNBC, was launched, first on [[DirecTV]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Dauble |first=Jennifer |title=CNBC HD+, The Essential Service for the Investor, Launches in October |work=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/20830595 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915010359/https://www.cnbc.com/id/20830595 |archive-date=September 15, 2021}}</ref>

On October 13, 2014, coincidentally the 11th anniversary of CNBC's relocation to its current facilities in Englewood Cliffs, NJ, CNBC switched to a full 16:9 letterbox presentation, in line with [[CNBC Asia]] and [[CNBC Europe]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=POWER LUNCH VIDEOS |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/tvshows/power-lunch/Videos |publisher=[[BroadwayWorld]]}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="160px">
File:CNBC Pakistan HQ at night.jpg|CNBC Awaaz headquarters at night in [[Karachi]]
File:CNBC Awaaz News Van.jpg|[[CNBC Awaaz]] News Van
File:TVN CNBC Biznes.jpg|[[TVN CNBC Biznes]] interview
File:CNBC in Dubai.jpg|[[CNBC Arabiya]] headquarters
</gallery>

== Programming ==
Current notable programming (as of March 2023)<ref>{{cite web |title=CNBC TV Schedule |url=http://www.cnbc.com/live-tv/schedule |url-status=live |publisher=CNBC}}</ref>
* ''[[Closing Bell]]'': [[Scott Wapner]]
* ''Closing Bell Overtime'': Morgan Brennan, [[Jon Fortt]]
* ''[[Fast Money (CNBC)|Fast Money]]'': Melissa Lee (host), [[Guy Adami]], Tim Seymour, and [[Karen Finerman]] (panelists)
* ''[[Fast Money (CNBC)|Fast Money Halftime Report]]'': Scott Wapner
* ''Last Call'': [[Brian Sullivan (news anchor) | Brian Sullivan]]
* ''[[Mad Money]]'': [[Jim Cramer]]
* ''[[Power Lunch]]'': [[Kelly Evans]] and [[Tyler Mathisen]]
* ''[[Squawk Box]]'': [[Joe Kernen]], [[Rebecca Quick]], and [[Andrew Ross Sorkin]]
* ''[[Squawk on the Street]]'': [[Carl Quintanilla]], [[David Faber (CNBC)|David Faber]], [[Sara Eisen]], and [[Jim Cramer]]
* ''[[Street Signs (TV program)|Street Signs]]'': Joumanna Bercetche and Julianna Tatelbaum (produced by [[CNBC Europe]])
* ''The Exchange'': [[Kelly Evans]]
* ''[[Worldwide Exchange]]'': [[Frank Holland]]

=== Non-business-programming, including Reality television ===
* ''[[American Greed]]''
* ''[[Blue Collar Millionaires]]''
* ''[[Business Nation]]'', anchored by award-winning journalist [[David Faber (CNBC)|David Faber]]. Each edition of the program covers three stories; a mixture of profiles, investigative pieces and features. The format of the show is structured similarly to [[HBO]]'s ''[[Real Sports]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=CNBC looking to distinguish itself |work=[[USA Today]] |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2006-10-30-cnbc_x.htm |url-status=live |access-date=July 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318063440/http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2006-10-30-cnbc_x.htm |archive-date=March 18, 2009}}</ref>
* ''[[Cleveland Hustles]]''
* ''[[CNBC on Assignment]]'' (for example, ''[[The Age of Wal-Mart]]'')<ref>{{Cite web |title=CNBC ON ASSIGNMENT |url=https://www.cnbc.com/cnbc-on-assignment/ |publisher=CNBC}}</ref>
* ''[[Cover to Cover (2005 TV program)|Cover to Cover]]''
* ''[[Jay Leno's Garage]]''
* ''[[On the Money (2013 TV series)|On the Money]]''
* ''[[Restaurant Startup]]''
*
* ''[[Secret Lives of the Super Rich]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=CNBC unveils primetime line-up |url=http://www.c21media.net/cnbc-unveils-primetime-line-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315003716/http://www.c21media.net/cnbc-unveils-primetime-line-up/ |archive-date=March 15, 2018 |website=C21 Media}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CNBC reboots Deal or No Deal |url=http://www.c21media.net/cnbc-reboots-deal-or-no-deal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315003726/http://www.c21media.net/cnbc-reboots-deal-or-no-deal/ |archive-date=March 15, 2018 |website=C21 Media}}</ref>
* ''[[Staten Island Hustle]]'', a revival of former NBC game show ''[[Deal or No Deal (American game show)|Deal or No Deal]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Petski |first=Denise |title=CNBC Greenlights 'Deal Or No Deal' Reboot With Howie Mandel |work=Deadline Hollywood |url=https://deadline.com/2018/03/cnbc-greenlights-deal-or-no-deal-reboot-howie-mandel-1202336799/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501023746/https://deadline.com/2018/03/cnbc-greenlights-deal-or-no-deal-reboot-howie-mandel-1202336799/ |archive-date=May 1, 2019}}</ref>
* ''[[The Car Chasers]]''
* ''The News with [[Shepard Smith]]'' - described as being "non-partisan" and "fact-based".<ref>{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Ted |title=CNBC Sets September 30 Premiere Date For Shepard Smith Newscast |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |url=https://deadline.com/2020/08/shaped-smith-cnbc-newscast-1203021432/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918085629/https://deadline.com/2020/08/shaped-smith-cnbc-newscast-1203021432/ |archive-date=September 18, 2020}}</ref>
* ''[[The Partner (TV series)|The Partner]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Marotti |first=Ally |title=Marcus Lemonis announces new CNBC show 'The Partner' |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/bluesky/originals/ct-marcus-lemonis-announces-the-partner-bsi-20160114-story.html |url-status=live |access-date=January 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114235927/http://www.chicagotribune.com/bluesky/originals/ct-marcus-lemonis-announces-the-partner-bsi-20160114-story.html |archive-date=January 14, 2016}}</ref>
* ''[[The Profit (TV series)|The Profit]]''
* ''The [[Suze Orman]] Show''
* ''[[Trash Inc: The Secret Life of Garbage]]'' (2010)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trash Inc.: The Secret Life of Garbage |url=https://www.cnbc.com/trash-inc/ |publisher=CNBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bukszpan |first=Daniel |title=TRASH INC.: THE SECRET LIFE OF GARBAGE - Where America's Trash Comes From—And Where It Goes |url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/39406340 |work=CNBC}}</ref>
* ''[[Treasure Detectives]]''<ref name="tvn-cnbcprime">{{cite web |title=Inside CNBC Prime, CNBC's New Primetime Entertainment Block |url=http://www.mediabistro.com/tvnewser/inside-cnbc-prime-cnbcs-new-primetime-entertainment-block_b169517 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409064747/http://www.mediabistro.com/tvnewser/inside-cnbc-prime-cnbcs-new-primetime-entertainment-block_b169517 |archive-date=April 9, 2013 |work=TVNewser |publisher=MediaBistro}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CNBC Prime: A New Look, New Attitude, New Reality |url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/100360861 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523035542/http://www.cnbc.com/id/100360861 |archive-date=May 23, 2017 |access-date=8 April 2017 |website=CNBC}}</ref>
* ''[[West Texas Investors Club]]''

===Notable former programming===

====Weekly, weekend and other programming====
* [[American Le Mans Series]] races (inaugural [[1999 American Le Mans Series season|1999 season]] only, as part of agreement with [[NBC Sports]])
* [[Champions Tour]] golf (moved to [[Golf Channel]])
* ''[[CNET]]''
* ''[[DLife]]: Your Diabetes Show'' (2005-2013, using weekend [[infomercial|paid programming]] time)
* ''[[Louis Rukeyser]]'s Wall Street'' (ended its run on December 31, 2004 at [[Louis Rukeyser]]'s request due to illness)
* ''[[Market Watch]]''
* ''Market Week with [[Maria Bartiromo]]'' (renamed ''After Hours with Maria Bartiromo'' and then ''Special Report with Maria Bartiromo''—cancelled in 2004)
* ''[[National Geographic Explorer]]'' (moved to [[MSNBC]] and then to the [[National Geographic Channel]])
* ''[[Nightly Business Report]]'', a 30-minute weeknight business newscast hosted by [[Sue Herera]] and [[Bill Griffeth]] and distributed to U.S. [[public television]] stations. Launched in 1979, CNBC assumed production of the series in 2013 and ended production in December 2019.
* ''[[Real Personal (TV series)|Real Personal]]''
* ''[[Squawk Alley]]''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Steinberg |first=Brian |title=CNBC Will Replace 'Squawk Alley' With 'TechCheck' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/cnbc-squawk-alley-techcheck-1234914127/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Squawk Alley |url=https://www.nbc.com/squawk-alley |publisher=NBC.com}}</ref>
* ''[[TechCheck]]''
* ''The Big Idea with [[Donny Deutsch]]''
* ''The [[Charles Grodin]] Show'' (moved to MSNBC in 1998)
* ''[[The Dick Cavett Show]]''
* ''[[The McLaughlin Group]]''
* ''The [[Suze Orman]] Show''
* ''[[Tim Russert (talk show)|Tim Russert]]''
* ''[[Tom Snyder]]''
* ''Topic [A] with [[Tina Brown]]''
* ''[[Ushuaia]]''<ref>{{Cite news |title=That's entertainment on CNBC weekends |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1998/tv/news/that-s-entertainment-on-cnbc-weekends-1117434939/}}</ref>
* ''[[Weekend Squawk Box]]''

====Non-business programming====
* ''[[1 vs. 100 (American game show)|1 vs. 100]]''
* ''[[Deal or No Deal (American game show)|Deal or No Deal]]''
* ''[[Dennis Miller]]''
* ''[[Late Night with Conan O'Brien]]''
* ''[[The Apprentice (American TV series)|The Apprentice]]''
** ''[[The Apprentice: Martha Stewart]]''

==See also==
{{portal|Economy|Television}}
* [[CNBC Ticker]]
* [[List of CNBC personalities]]
* [[NBC Sports on CNBC]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|https://www.cnbc.com/}}
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Dharamyudh (Sikhism)

2023-03-20T19:38:06Z

Rajinderkumargill: Just finished drafting a fresh page.

{{Use British English}}{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Sikhism sidebar}}

In [[Sikhism]], '''dharamyudh''', '''dharam-yudh''' or '''dharam yudh''' ([[Gurmukhi]]: ਧਰਮਯੁਧ) is a term which is variously translated as '[[religious war]]',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dhavan |first=Purnima |title=When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-7HJ5idB8_QC&pg=PA76 |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |page=76 |isbn=9780199756551 |access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="Chima">{{Cite book |last=Chima |first=Jugdep S. |title=The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qJaHAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA70 |location=New Delhi |publisher=SAGE Publications India |page=70 |isbn=9788132105381 |access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref> 'war of righteousness',<ref name="Chima"/> 'war in defence of righteousness',<ref name="Fenech">{{Cite book |last1=Fenech |first1=Louis E. |last2=McLeod |first2=W. H. |title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA99 |location=Plymouth & Lanham, Maryland |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |pages=99–100 |isbn=9781442236011 |access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref> or 'war for justice'.<ref name="Schnabel">{{Cite book |last1=Schnabel |first1=Albrecht |last2=Gunaratna |first2=Rohan |title=Wars From Within: Understanding And Managing Insurgent Movements |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mdi3CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA194 |location=London |publisher=Imperial College Press |page=194 |isbn=9781783265596 |access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref> Though some core tenets in the Sikh religion are understood to emphasise peace and nonviolence, especially before the 1606 execution of [[Guru Arjan]] by [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Jahangir]],<ref name="Syan">{{Cite book |last=Syan |first=Hardip Singh |title=Sikh Militancy in the Seventeenth Century: Religious Violence in Mughal and Early Modern India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9RzzxcEL4C0C&pg=PA3 |location=London & New York |publisher=I.B.Tauris |pages=3–4, 252 |isbn=9781780762500 |access-date=15 September 2019}}</ref> military force may be justified if all peaceful means to settle a conflict have been exhausted, thus resulting in a ''dharamyudh''.<ref name="Fenech"/>

== Etymology ==
The first part of the term ''dharamyudh'' comes from [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] ''dharm'' or ''dharam'' ([[:wikt:ਧਰਮ#Punjabi|ਧਰਮ]]), which is usually translated as 'religion',<ref name="Fenech"/> although it is said to 'encapsulate a wider understanding of appropriate conduct, moral order, and bodily discipline' than the words 'religion' and 'religious practice' in English do.<ref name="Dhavan14-15"/> It is derived from [[Sanskrit]] ''dhárma'' ([[:wikt:धर्म#Sanskrit|धर्म]]),<ref name="Dhavan14-15">Dhavan, pp. 14–15.</ref> which has various possible meanings<ref name="Fenech"/> including 'morality', 'justice', 'law', 'religion', 'devotion' and 'sacrifice'. The second part is a cognate of [[Hindi]] ''yuddh'' ([[:wikt:युद्ध#Hindi|युद्ध]], meaning 'war'), derived from Sanskrit ''yuddhá'' ([[:wikt:युद्ध#Sanskrit|युद्ध]], meaning 'battle', 'fight' or 'war'). The meaning of the term ''dharamyudh'' appears to have been somewhat ambiguous in the writings of the early Sikh Gurus, ranging from 'an interior, individual, spiritual struggle' to 'a war to defend one's beliefs', but by the 18th century, it was increasingly interpreted as 'a religiously sanctioned war against Muslims in particular', which scholars attribute to the changing political circumstances that the Sikhs found themselves in, or moved themselves into.<ref name="Dhavan14-15"/>

[[Hinduism]] also has a similar concept called ''[[dharma-yuddha]]'' that appears several times in the ''[[Mahabharatha]]''.

== History ==
=== Militarisation of Sikhism (17th century) ===
{{See also|Just war theory}}
Sikhism, founded in the late 15th century by [[Guru Nanak]] in the [[Punjab]] region, which was conquered by the [[Mughal Empire]] in the early 16th century, is generally considered to have been pacifist until the early 17th century.<ref name="Syan"/> Perceiving the growth of the Sikhs as a threat, the Mughal authorities began to persecute them, and in 1606 Sikh leader [[Guru Arjan]] was executed by Mughal emperor [[Jahangir]], apparently for refusing to [[Forced conversion|convert]] to [[Islam]], though this remains disputed.<ref name="Syan"/> Sikhism split into two movements: one led by Guru Arjan's son [[Guru Hargobind]] began to regard Guru Arjan as a martyr, became more political and militaristic, and started organising armed rebellions against the Mughals; the other, the [[Mina (Sikhism)|''Minas'']] led by Guru Arjan's older brother [[Prithi Chand]], would be concerned with defining themselves as maintainers of the precept of interiorization, rejecting uprisings against the state.<ref name="Syan"/> The militarized Sikhs justified armed conflict as self-defence against Mughal oppression,<ref>Syan, pp. 8–10.</ref> trained themselves to become warriors and ''[[nihang]]s'', and organised themselves in ''[[jatha]]s''. In 1621, the first acts of open rebellion led to the eruption of the [[Mughal-Sikh Wars]].

=== Sikh imperialism (1716–1849) ===
[[File:Sikh_Akalis_on_the_March.jpg|thumb|right|alt=5 early [[Nihang|Akali]] Sikh warriors, one carrying a flag, one on horseback.|19th-century ''[[Nihang|Akali]]'' Sikh warriors.]]
Over the course of several decades, small Sikh states known as [[misl]]s combined to form the [[Sikh Confederacy]] in 1716, that jointly fought against Mughal power. Professionalisation of combat led the last [[Guru Gobind Singh]] to create the [[Khalsa]], a special class of Sikh warriors, in 1699.<ref>Fenech, p. 178.</ref> In 1735, the jathas would be merged into a single army, the [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh army)|Dal Khalsa]]. During the [[Afghan–Sikh Wars]], the Sikhs expanded even further and in 1799 the [[Sikh Empire]] was founded, which would last until 1849, when it was [[Second Anglo-Sikh War|defeated]] and annexed by the [[British East India Company]].<ref>Fenech, p. 37.</ref> Sikh warriors would continue to serve in the [[British Indian Army]].

=== Modern period (1970s–1995) ===
{{Main|Dharam Yudh Morcha|Khalistan movement|Punjab insurgency}}
The Dharam Yudh Morcha ("righteous campaign";<ref name=bakke/> ''morcha'' meaning "agitation"<ref name="Schnabel"/>) was a political movement launched in 1982<ref name="Chima"/> by the Sikh political party [[Akali Dal]] in partnership with [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]], with its stated aim being the fulfillment of a set of devolutionary objectives based on the [[Anandpur Sahib Resolution]] (1973).<ref name=bakke>{{cite book |last1=Bakke |first1=Kristin |title=Decentralization and Intrastate Struggles: Chechnya, Punjab, and Québec |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |isbn=9781107094383 |edition=illustrated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ipfwCAAAQBAJ |page=143 }}</ref> While this movement advocated for more autonomy for Punjab within India, the more radical separatist [[Khalistan movement]] also emerged, demanding a fully independent Sikh state.<ref name="Enc Sikhs"/><ref name="Schnabel"/> As the protest movement gained momentum, the government began to run out of room in jails for the over 25,000 peaceful volunteer protestors.<ref name=grewal>{{cite book |last1=Grewal |first1=J. S. |title=The Sikhs of the Punjab (The New Cambridge History of India II.3) |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |isbn=9781316025338 |page=222 |edition=Revised |url=https://archive.org/details/sikhsofpunjab0000grew |author1-link=J. S. Grewal}}</ref> Over 150,000 protestors would be arrested over the course of the ''morcha''.<ref>Chima, p. 83.</ref> The central government, instead of preempting the agitation regarding [[Punjab, India|Punjab state]] by constitutionally referring all the legal issues to the nation's Supreme Court as demanded, played up the threat to law and order, and was ineffective in resolving the issues politically.<ref name=pettigrew>{{cite journal |last1=Pettigrew |first1=Joyce |title=In Search of a New Kingdom of Lahore |journal=Pacific Affairs |volume=60 |issue=1 |page=20, 24 |doi=10.2307/2758827 |jstor=2758827}}</ref> Extrajudicial killings by police forces of orthodox Sikh youth in rural areas during the summer and winter of 1982 and early 1983 resulted in retaliatory violence.<ref name=pettigrew/> Progressively, violent actions by Sikh militants to achieve their demands also took place.<ref>Chima, p. 71.</ref> In June 1984, the movement reached its zenith during [[Operation Blue Star]], when Indian security forces stormed the holiest Sikh site, the [[Golden Temple]] in [[Amritsar]], where militants had set up their headquarters.<ref name="Enc Sikhs">Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "Sikhs. §3. Autonomie". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.</ref> In retaliation, the two Sikh bodyguards of Prime Minister [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi assassinated her]] in October 1984.<ref>Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "Gandhi, Indira".</ref> The killing was followed by many [[1984 anti-Sikh riots|anti-Sikh massacres]] as well as more Sikh militant attacks which cost dozens of lives.<ref>Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "India. §5.5 Tweede regeerperiode Indira Gandhi".</ref> In the end, Sikh militancy did not bring about a separate state, and the Indian Government achieved victory in 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5sSXCwAAQBAJ|title=Unconventional Warfare in South Asia: Shadow Warriors and Counterinsurgency|first1=Scott|last1=Gates|first2=Kaushik|last2=Roy|publisher=Routledge|access-date=10 October 2017|via=Google Books|pp=163}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Sikhism}}

[[Category:Sikhism and violence]]
[[Category:Sikh Empire]]
[[Category:Sikh terminology]]