https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=RajKarmakar7602996600Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-18T05:06:48ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chennai_Mass_Rapid_Transit_System&diff=493827Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System2026-05-08T06:04:21Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: </p>
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<div>{{Short description|Metropolitan elevated railway line in Chennai, India}}<br />
{{good article}}<br />
{{about|the suburban railway|the urban transit system|Chennai Metro}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=April 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox public transit<br />
| name = Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System<br />
| image = Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg<br />
| imagesize = 100px<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| image2 = Velachery Railway station June 2010.jpg<br />
| imagesize2 = 300<br />
| caption2 = [[Velachery railway station|Velachery MRTS station]]<br />
| native_name = சென்னை பறக்கும் இரயில் திட்டம்<br />
| owner = [[Southern Railway (India)|Southern Railway]]<br />
| area served = <br />
| locale = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br />
| transit_type = [[Rapid transit|Rapid Transit]]<br />
| lines = 1<br />
| line_number = <br />
| start = [[Chennai Beach railway station|Chennai Beach]]<br />
| end = [[Velachery railway station|Velachery]]<br />
| stations = 21<br />
| annual_ridership = <br />
| chief_executive = <br />
| website = {{URL|www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in|}}<br />
| began_operation = {{start date and age|df=yes|16 November 1995}}<br />
| operator = [[Southern Railway (India)|Southern Railway]]<br />
| marks = <br />
| character = At-Grade and Elevated<br />
| vehicles = 42<br />
| train_length = 9 coaches<br />
| system_length = {{cvt|23.98|km}}<br />
| track_gauge = {{track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}}<br />
| el = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]]<br />
| map = <br />
| map_state = collapsed<br />
| ridership = 200,000 (2023)<ref name="Rider">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/velachery-st-thomas-mount-mrts-stretch-to-get-metro-like-facilities/articleshow/97675235.cms|title=Velachery-St Thomas Mount MRTS stretch to get metro like stations|date=7 February 2023|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=15 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215180507/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/velachery-st-thomas-mount-mrts-stretch-to-get-metro-like-facilities/articleshow/97675235.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
| headquarters = Chennai<br />
| minimum_radius_of_curvature = <br />
| notrack = 2<br />
}}<br />
The '''Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System''', commonly referred to as '''Chennai MRTS''', is a metropolitan rail transit system in [[Chennai]], [[India]]. It is operated by [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]] of the state-owned [[Indian Railways]]. Opened in 1995, it was the first [[elevated railway]] line in India. The railway line runs from [[Chennai Beach railway station|Chennai Beach]] to [[St. Thomas Mount (Chennai Suburban Railway)|St. Thomas Mount]], covering a distance of {{cvt|23.98|km}} with 21 stations and is integrated with the wider [[Chennai Suburban Railway|Chennai suburban railway]] network.<br />
<br />
While the suburban railway has been operational in Chennai since 1931, the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]] of [[Government of India]] formed a research group to recommend development of transportation in major cities including Madras in 1965. The Madras Area Transportation Study Unit identified eight transport corridors including the {{cvt|39|km}} north–southeastern rail corridor along the [[Buckingham Canal]]. The [[Government of India]] approved a [[Mass Rapid Transit System]] for the southern section in 1983–84 with the project to be implemented in four phases. The project was implemented by the [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]] and construction began in 1991. The first phase from Chennai Beach to [[Chepauk railway station|Chepauk]] was completed in 1995 with further extension to [[Thirumayilai railway station|Thirumayilai]] in 1997. Part of second phase from Thirumayilai to [[Thiruvanmiyur railway station|Thiruvanmiyur]] was completed in 2004 with further extension to [[Velachery railway station|Velachery]] in 2007. The planned extension from Velachery to St. Thomas Mount was completed in March 2026, after repeated delays.<br />
<br />
The Chennai MRTS line is largely [[elevated railway|elevated]] with [[at-grade crossing|at-grade]] sections at its terminals. The line runs at-grade initially till [[Chennai Park Town railway station|Park Town]], parallel to the suburban railway network. It becomes elevated thereon, roughly following the course of the [[Buckingham Canal]] and running parallel to the [[Coromandel Coast]] till Thiruvanmiyur before deviating west towards Velachery. It uses the same [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|broad gauge]] (5&nbsp;ft 6in) as the suburban system, thus allowing the movements of trains between the existing suburban lines and the MRTS. The Chennai MRTS uses 9-car [[Electric multiple unit|electrical multiple unit]] (EMU) train sets. The trains use [[25 kV AC railway electrification|25 kV]] [[overhead catenary]] for [[Railway electric traction|traction]]. The coaches are manufactured by the [[Integral Coach Factory|Integral Coach Factory, Chennai]]. The coaches are not air-conditioned and are equipped with first-class and second-class passenger seating.<br />
<br />
{{As of|2023}}, the system has a daily ridership of 100,000. With the implementation of the [[Chennai Metro Rail]] starting in 2015 and planned expansion of the same, further expansion of the MRTS system was put on hold in 2017, with the plans for the MRTS system to be taken over by [[Chennai Metro Rail Limited]]. In 2022, the [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]] of Indian Railways gave an in-principle approval for the take-over under which the coaches, stations and other infrastructure will be upgraded on par with the Chennai Metro.<br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
The [[Chennai Suburban Railway]] started operations in 1931 on a single electrified line from [[Chennai Beach railway station|Chennai Beach]] to [[Tambaram railway station|Tambaram]]. Suburban services commenced on the second line between [[Chennai Central]] and [[Gummidipoondi]] in 1985 the third line from Central towards [[Arakkonam Junction railway station|Arakkonam]] was added later.<ref name="SR">{{cite report|url=https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1325745996774-about.pdf|title=Chennai Division, SR|work=[[Southern Railway zone]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=15 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215180509/https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1325745996774-about.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=https://ta.chennaimetrorail.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/11/project_brief_updated_aug081.pdf|title=Chennai Metro, project brief|work=[[Chennai Metro Rail Limited]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091808/https://ta.chennaimetrorail.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/11/project_brief_updated_aug081.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1965, the [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]] formed a group to study the suitability of the existing transportation network, to ascertain the viability of various ways of transportation and advocate plans for the expansion of transportation in metropolitan cities including Madras.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://mrvc.indianrailways.gov.in/works/uploads/File/Institutional%20Development%20of%20the%20suburban%20rail%20system%20(TA2)(1).pdf|title=Institutional Development of Suburban Rail systems|work=[[Indian Railway]]|access-date=1 December 2023|page=10|quote=This was appreciated by the Planning Commission way back in 1965, when it took the initiative to set up Metropolitan Transport Teams (MTT) to study the transport problems of the first four metropolitan cities of Bombay, Calcutta, Delhi and Madras and to recommend policies and programs for their improvement.|archive-date=2 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402081546/https://mrvc.indianrailways.gov.in/works/uploads/File/Institutional%20Development%20of%20the%20suburban%20rail%20system%20(TA2)(1).pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CAG">{{cite report|title=Report No.5 of 2006 (Railways)|url=https://cag.gov.in/uploads/old_reports/union/union_compliance/2005_2006/Railways/Report_No_5/chap_3.pdf|work=[[Comptroller and Auditor General of India]]|access-date=26 December 2023|page=2-3|archive-date=15 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415020150/https://cag.gov.in/uploads/old_reports/union/union_compliance/2005_2006/Railways/Report_No_5/chap_3.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Planning ===<br />
Surveys were conducted to supplement the existing transport infrastructure in Madras, such as the Madras Area Transportation Study (1968), Integrated Transport Plan (1977) and Madras Route Rationalisation Study (1986).<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/Volume3_English_PDF/Vol3_Chapter05_Traffic%20and%20Transportation.pdf|title=Traffic and Transportation in CMA|work=[[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]]|access-date=1 December 2023|page=1|archive-date=23 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923070102/https://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/Volume3_English_PDF/Vol3_Chapter05_Traffic%20and%20Transportation.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The Madras Area Transportation Study Unit (MATSU) identified eight important transport corridors including the north–southeastern rail corridor connecting [[Kasturba Nagar, Chennai|Kasturba Nagar]] and [[Manali, Chennai|Manali Road]]. The study suggested the implementation of a rail-based [[Mass Rapid Transit System]] (MRTS) on the southern section of the line along the [[Buckingham Canal]], connecting to the existent suburban system.<ref name="INAE">{{cite report|title=Indian Engineering Heritage|url=https://www.inae.in/wp-content/themes/fortuna-child/img/IEH-Railways%20Third%20Report.pdf|pages=41–43|access-date=1 December 2023|work=[[Indian National Academy of Engineering]]|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091808/https://www.inae.in/wp-content/themes/fortuna-child/img/IEH-Railways%20Third%20Report.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The system was envisaged as a {{convert|59.38|km|mi|abbr=on}} loop line connecting Chennai Beach and [[Tiruvottiyur]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Sreevatsan|first=Ajai|title=Metro Rail may take over MRTS|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai|date=10 August 2010|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/metro-rail-may-take-over-mrts/article562317.ece|access-date=19 August 2012|archive-date=10 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160210143554/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/metro-rail-may-take-over-mrts/article562317.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Since the planned railway line would pass through congested parts of the city, an elevated rail system was selected, to avoid land acquisition problems.<ref name="MRTS">{{cite news|title=Mass rejected transit system|newspaper=Business Today|date=4 April 2010|url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/mass-rejected-transit-system/1/5396.html|access-date=15 August 2012|archive-date=7 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707020812/http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/mass-rejected-transit-system/1/5396.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The project was intended to be implemented in four phases: Chennai Beach to [[Thirumayilai railway station|Thirumayilai]], Tirumayilai to [[St. Thomas Mount (Chennai Suburban Railway)|St. Thomas Mount]], St. Thomas Mount to [[Villivakkam railway station|Villivakkam]] and Villivakkam to [[Ennore railway station|Ennore]].<ref name="MRTS1"/><ref name="Project">{{cite web|title=Towards a discussion of support to Urban Transport development in India, March 2005|url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSARREGTOPTRANSPORT/Resources/UrbanTransportSectorStrategyNote.pdf|work=[[World Bank]]|pages=22, 52|access-date=25 October 2012|archive-date=20 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020125646/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSARREGTOPTRANSPORT/Resources/UrbanTransportSectorStrategyNote.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Construction and opening ==<br />
[[File:Chennai_Metro_Map_updated.svg|thumb|Railway map of the Chennai showing the MRTS line in olive green]]<br />
<br />
=== Phase I ===<br />
The project was sanctioned for implementation by the [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]], [[Government of India]] in 1983-84.<ref name="CAG"/><ref name="MRTS1">{{cite web|title=Development of MRTS in Chennai|url=http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/mrts_phase1.html|work=[[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=12 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712090557/https://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/mrts_phase1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After multiple delays, construction began in 1991 and part of the first phase from Chennai Beach to [[Chepauk railway station|Chepauk]] was completed in 1995.<ref name="INAE"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/mrts-connectivity-from-velachery-to-st-thomas-mount-to-be-ready-by-march/article66081326.ece|title=MRTS connectivity from Velachery to St Thomas Mount to be ready by March|date=1 November 2022|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=1 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101090921/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/mrts-connectivity-from-velachery-to-st-thomas-mount-to-be-ready-by-march/article66081326.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> It became operational on 16 November 1995 and was the first operational elevated railway line in India. The line was extended to Thirumayilai in 1997.<ref name="INAE"/><ref name="MRTS1"/> The cost of construction of the first phase between Chennai Beach and Thirumayilai, estimated to be {{INRconvert|2.8|b|year=1997}}, was fully financed by the Government of India.<ref name="INAE"/> The first phase was projected to serve about 600,000 passengers per day.<ref name="Project"/><ref>{{cite news|title=MRTS work in progress|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3YhlAAAAIBAJ&pg=813,1543448&dq=mrts-project-work-in-progress&hl=en|access-date=18 September 2012|newspaper=[[New Indian Express]]|date=16 July 1994|archive-date=26 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926143344/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3YhlAAAAIBAJ&pg=813,1543448&dq=mrts-project-work-in-progress&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Phase II ===<br />
RITES conducted further studies in 1987 and 1994 on the effectiveness of the existing public transport system for the growing population. The studies proposed further expansion of the MRTS line. In 1998, the Railway Board sanctioned Phase II of the project from Thirumayilai to [[Velachery railway station|Velachery]].<ref name="CAG" /> Part of the Phase II line from Thirumaylai to [[Thiruvanmiyur railway station|Thiruvanmiyur]] was opened on 26 January 2004.<ref>{{cite news|title=MRTS services extended|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2004/01/27/stories/2004012701031100.htm|access-date=29 July 2012|newspaper=[[Business Line]]|date=27 January 2004|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029205707/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2004/01/27/stories/2004012701031100.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> It initially consisted of a single line of track for both forward and return journeys.<ref>{{cite news|first1=T. E.|last1=Raja Simhan|first2=M.|last2=Ramesh|title=Extended MRTS stretch in Chennai ready for inauguration|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-logistics/article1666758.ece|access-date=18 August 2012|newspaper=[[Business Line]]|date=18 August 2007|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201813/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-logistics/article1666758.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 November 2007, the network was extended from Thiruvanmiyur to Velachery.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tiruvanmiyur-Velachery MRTS service opened|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-logistics/article1675152.ece|access-date=21 August 2012|newspaper=[[Business Line]]|date=20 November 2007|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200725/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-logistics/article1675152.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|title=Traffic and Transportation, Chapter 5|url=http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/Volume3_English_PDF/Vol3_Chapter05_Traffic%20and%20Transportation.pdf|work=[[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]]|access-date=19 August 2012|archive-date=31 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131172239/http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/Volume3_English_PDF/Vol3_Chapter05_Traffic%20and%20Transportation.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Ajai|last=Sreevatsan|title=Evolution of Chennai's Public Transport System|url=http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/archive/00824/Evolution_of_Chenna_824269a.pdf|access-date=29 February 2012|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=31 October 2011|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105193053/http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/archive/00824/Evolution_of_Chenna_824269a.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> While the state government gave only the required land for the first phase, it contributed two-thirds of the total project cost of {{INRconvert|6.91|b}} for the second phase.<ref name="CAG" /><ref name="INAE" /><ref>{{cite news|title=MRTS Phase II: Three steel girders installed across existing tracks|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/mrts-phase-ii-three-steel-girders-installed-across-existing-tracks-near-st-thomas-mount-station-using-six-giant-cranes/articleshow/104859971.cms|access-date=1 December 2023|date=31 October 2023|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226132425/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/mrts-phase-ii-three-steel-girders-installed-across-existing-tracks-near-st-thomas-mount-station-using-six-giant-cranes/articleshow/104859971.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Phase II extension ===<br />
The construction for the extended second phase of the project connecting Velachery with St. Thomas Mount started in 2008. It was planned at an estimated cost of {{INRconvert|7.33|b}} with the central government bearing two-thirds of the cost and the state government bearing the rest.<ref name="MRTS1"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Velachery-St Thomas Mount MRTS by 2022-end|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2021/Dec/28/velachery-st-thomas-mount-mrts-by-2022-end-2400456.html|date=28 December 2021|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115214151/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2021/dec/28/velachery-st-thomas-mount-mrts-by-2022-end-2400456.amp|url-status=live}}</ref> The initial planned alignment was altered subsequently and necessitated the demolition of over 70 residential units, which led to protests by the locals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Protest against MRTS corridor realignment|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai|date=2 October 2010|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article809134.ece|access-date=15 August 2012|archive-date=16 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416175322/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article809134.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Threat of relocation evokes protests as Southern Railway alters MRTS alignment|location=Chennai|date=1 August 2010|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/threat-of-relocation-evokes-protests-as-southern-railway-alters-mrts-alignment/articleshow/6245686.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=15 August 2012|archive-date=15 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215180508/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/threat-of-relocation-evokes-protests-as-southern-railway-alters-mrts-alignment/articleshow/6245686.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In the Government of India's annual [[Railway budget of India|Railway Budget]] of 2012, it was announced that the line would be commissioned in 2013.<ref>{{cite report|title=Railway Budget 2012-13|url=https://www.irtsa.net/pdfdocs/Railway_Budget_2012-13.pdf|page=25|work=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226093310/https://www.irtsa.net/pdfdocs/Railway_Budget_2012-13.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2012, [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]] (CMDA) resumed the land acquisition for the proposed extension after the [[Madras High Court]] vacated its earlier stay order on the same.<ref>{{cite news|title=MRTS upto St. Thomas Mount back on track|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=16 October 2012|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/mrts-upto-st-thomas-mount-back-on-track/article4000113.ece|access-date=15 December 2012|archive-date=8 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108181027/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/mrts-upto-st-thomas-mount-back-on-track/article4000113.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=MRTS extension stopped in its tracks|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/mrts-extension-stopped-in-its-tracks/articleshow/7714536.cms|access-date=21 August 2023|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 March 2011|archive-date=15 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215180509/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/mrts-extension-stopped-in-its-tracks/articleshow/7714536.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> While land acquisition was completed for the construction of majority of the line by April 2013, there were further delays in acquiring land for about {{cvt|0.5|km}} of the stretch and the construction of [[Pulhuthivakkam railway station|Puzhuthivakkam station]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Decks cleared for acquisition of land for Adambakkam station|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/decks-cleared-for-acquisition-of-land-for-adambakkam-station/article4599229.ece|access-date=19 April 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 April 2013|archive-date=13 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413131418/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/decks-cleared-for-acquisition-of-land-for-adambakkam-station/article4599229.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2014}}, the construction of about {{cvt|3.7|km}} of the proposed extension was complete.<ref name="Ext">{{cite news|first=C.|last=Shivakumar|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2014/May/23/mrts-phase-ii-extension-starts-next-month-616162.html|title=MRTS Phase II Extension Starts Next Month|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=23 May 2014|access-date=5 August 2014|archive-date=2 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602200108/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/MRTS-Phase-II-Extension-Starts-Next-Month/2014/05/23/article2240000.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In May 2014, the High Court ruled that compensation be paid as per newly enacted [[Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013|Land Acquisition Act 2013]] on the cases filed by the land owners.<ref name="Ext"/> In March 2016, the [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]] stated that the final phase of the MRTS would take at least 18 months after the state government handed over land to Indian Railways and that it had not yet done so.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/mrts-final-phase-will-take-at-least-18-more-months-johri/article8287446.ece|title=The final leg of Mass Rapid Transit System for a distance of 500 metres is not likely to be completed in the near future|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=27 February 2016}}</ref> In 2018, further discussion between the CMDA and the land owners on the compensation to be paid for the land acquisition failed.<ref name="Land">{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2021/Dec/28/velachery-st-thomas-mount-mrts-by-2022-end-2400456.html|first=C.|last=Shivakumar|title=Velachery-St Thomas Mount MRTS by 2022-end|date=29 December 2021|access-date=1 June 2024|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|archive-date=4 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904121020/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2021/Dec/28/velachery-st-thomas-mount-mrts-by-2022-end-2400456.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/land-acquisition-talks-for-mrts-link-fail-again/articleshow/66872716.cms|title=Land acquisition talks for MRTS link fail again|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=24 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224004401/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/land-acquisition-talks-for-mrts-link-fail-again/articleshow/66872716.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2019}}, the Indian Railways had completed the construction of [[Adambakkam railway station|Adambakkam]] and [[Puzhuthivakkam railway station|Puzhuthivakkam]] elevated stations, with about {{cvt|0.5|km}} of the line pending for construction.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/Nov/12/after-11-year-wait-construction-on-st-thomas-mount-adambakkam-mrts-stretch-in-chennai-to-begin-soon-2060966.html|title=After 11-year wait, construction on St Thomas Mount-Adambakkam MRTS stretch in Chennai to begin soon|date=13 November 2019|access-date=1 June 2024|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|archive-date=4 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904124458/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/Nov/12/after-11-year-wait-construction-on-st-thomas-mount-adambakkam-mrts-stretch-in-chennai-to-begin-soon-2060966.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, the Madras High Court directed the CMDA to pay higher compensation to the land owners.<ref name="Land"/> However, the CMDA filed a review petition against the order in the [[Supreme Court of India|Indian Supreme Court]].<ref>{{cite news|date=21 September 2020|title=Chennai MRTS's last stretch to be delayed further as CMDA approaches SC|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/chennai-mrts-s-last-stretch-be-delayed-further-cmda-approaches-sc-133526|access-date=7 July 2023|newspaper=[[The News Minute]]|archive-date=3 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403130335/https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/chennai-mrts-s-last-stretch-be-delayed-further-cmda-approaches-sc-133526|url-status=live}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The Supreme Court ordered fair compensation for the land owners and directed the CMDA to complete the land acquisition by 8 January 2021.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chennai: Last-mile demolition to acquire land for MRTS extension begins|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/chennai-last-mile-demolition-to-acquire-land-for-mrts-extension-begins/articleshow/80037972.cms|date=7 January 2021|access-date=1 July 2023|archive-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925212945/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/chennai-last-mile-demolition-to-acquire-land-for-mrts-extension-begins/articleshow/80037972.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2022, officials announced that the land acquisition for the final stretch would be completed in the next three months.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2022/Jun/24/construction-of-mrts-final-pillar-to-start-in-six-months-land-acquisition-nearing-end-2469023.html|first=C.|last=Shivakumar|title=Construction of MRTS' final pillar to start in six months, land acquisition nearing end|date=24 June 2022|access-date=1 June 2024|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|archive-date=4 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904124459/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2022/Jun/24/construction-of-mrts-final-pillar-to-start-in-six-months-land-acquisition-nearing-end-2469023.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2023, the authorities said that the construction will be completed by the end of the month and the line will be commissioned for use within the end of the year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/construction-of-velachery-st-thomas-mount-mrts-stretch-will-be-completed-by-end-of-july/article67075660.ece|title=Construction of Velachery-St. Thomas Mount MRTS stretch will be completed by end of July|date=13 July 2023|access-date=1 June 2024|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=4 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904124458/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/construction-of-velachery-st-thomas-mount-mrts-stretch-will-be-completed-by-end-of-july/article67075660.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 January 2024, a concrete girder on the stretch collapsed, which was expected to further delay the opening of the line.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/concrete-girder-of-bridge-collapses-at-mrts-worksite-in-thillai-ganga-nagar/article67753317.ece|title=Concrete girder of bridge collapses at MRTS worksite in Thillai Ganga Nagar|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 January 2024|access-date=1 March 2024|archive-date=31 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131190926/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/concrete-girder-of-bridge-collapses-at-mrts-worksite-in-thillai-ganga-nagar/article67753317.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/part-of-bridge-falls-rail-project-delayed-again/articleshow/106972134.cms|title=Part of bridge falls, rail project delayed again|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 January 2024|access-date=1 March 2024|archive-date=31 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331141533/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/part-of-bridge-falls-rail-project-delayed-again/articleshow/106972134.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Multiple revised deadlines to complete the construction of the final phase were not met.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2018/Oct/31/hope-for-chennai-mrts-phase-ii-extension-1892364.html|title=Hope for Chennai MRTS phase-II extension|date=31 October 2018|access-date=1 June 2024|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|archive-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022172155/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2018/oct/31/hope-for-chennai-mrts-phase-ii-extension-1892364.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/mount-velachery-beach-mrts-misses-deadline-again/articleshow/109635917.cms|title=Mount-Velachery-Beach MRTS misses deadline, again|date=27 April 2024|access-date=1 June 2024|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=10 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510014236/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/mount-velachery-beach-mrts-misses-deadline-again/articleshow/109635917.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> After the construction was completed, trial runs were conducted in the first week of March 2026.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/chennai/velachery-st-thomas-mount-mrts-line-set-for-to-mar-10-launch|title=Velachery-St Thomas Mount MRTS line set for to Mar 10 launch|date=6 March 2026|access-date=6 March 2026|work=[[DT Next]]}}</ref> Commercial service began on the extended section from 14 March 2026.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2026/Mar/13/mrts-service-on-mount-velachery-line-from-saturday|title=MRTS service on Mount-Velachery line from Saturday|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=13 March 2026|access-date=13 March 2026}}</ref><ref name="TNIE">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/mrts-train-services-begin-on-velachery-st-thomas-mount-extended-section/article70742263.ece|title=MRTS train services begin on Velachery-St. Thomas Mount extended section|date=15 March 2026|access-date=15 March 2026|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Future plans ===<br />
The third and fourth phases of the MRTS were initially planned to connect St. Thomas Mount with [[Villivakkam]] and Villivakkam with [[Ennore]].<ref name="Project"/> The plans have been shelved after the lines overlapped with the proposed extension of the [[Chennai Metro Rail]].<ref name="CMDA"/> In early 2024, a feasibility report was submitted to the state government for a new line from [[Poonamallee]] and the planned new airport at [[Chennai Greenfield Airport, Parandur |Parandur]]. The {{cvt|43.63|km}} line would have 19 stations and is expected to cost {{INRconvert|107.12|b}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2024/Jan/05/parandur-poonamallee-mrts-in-chennai-to-cost-rs-10k-crore-2648038.html|title=Parandur-Poonamallee MRTS in Chennai to cost Rs 10k crore|date=5 January 2024|access-date=1 June 2024|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
With the Chennai Metro operational since 2015, the Indian Railways proposed for the MRTS system to be taken over by [[Chennai Metro Rail Limited]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chennai Metro-MRTS merger report in six months|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/report-on-merger-of-metro-rail-mrts-in-six-months/article18596779.ece|access-date=29 May 2017|newspaper=The Hindu|date=29 May 2017|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229182158/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/report-on-merger-of-metro-rail-mrts-in-six-months/article18596779.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2018, [[PwC]] said that the merger would be expensive, costing around {{INRconvert|30|b}} to replace the train-sets and establish other facilities.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sekar|first=Sunitha|title=Metro-MRTS merger likely to be a costly affair|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/metro-mrts-merger-likely-to-be-a-costly-affair/article24455379.ece|access-date=22 July 2018|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 July 2018|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109040049/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/metro-mrts-merger-likely-to-be-a-costly-affair/article24455379.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> On 11 May 2022, the Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways granted in-principle approval for the takeover.<ref>{{cite news|title=MRTS merger with Chennai Metro gets railway's approval|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2022/may/15/mrts-merger-with-chennai-metro-gets-railways-approval-2453717.html|access-date=16 May 2022|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=15 May 2022 |archive-date=15 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515193548/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2022/may/15/mrts-merger-with-chennai-metro-gets-railways-approval-2453717.html|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|July 2024}}, the take over was still pending as the [[Indian Railway Board]] had not approved the same.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/city/cmrls-takeover-of-mrts-yet-to-make-any-headway-794922|title=CMRL's takeover of MRTS yet to make any headway|date=15 July 2024|access-date=15 July 2024|work=[[Daily Thanthi]]|archive-date=15 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715043038/https://www.dtnext.in/news/city/cmrls-takeover-of-mrts-yet-to-make-any-headway-794922|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Infrastructure ==<br />
[[File:MRTS crossing in IT corridor.JPG|thumb|MRTS runs on an elevated course for most of its length. Pictured is the crossing over [[Rajiv Gandhi Salai|OMR highway]]]]<br />
<br />
=== Network and lines ===<br />
The {{cvt|23.98|km}} line from Chennai Beach to St. Thomas Mount is largely elevated, with a few [[at-grade crossing|at-grade]] sections along the line. The line runs at-grade for {{cvt|2.4|km}} from Chennai Beach to [[Chennai Park Town railway station|Park Town]], alongside the suburban railway line.<ref name="INAE"/><ref name="MRTS1"/><ref name="CMDA"/> From the Park Town station, the line becomes elevated and roughly follows the course of the [[Buckingham Canal]], which runs parallel to the [[Coromandel Coast]].<ref name="INAE"/><ref name="MRTS1"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/how-buckingham-canal-could-have-saved-chennai/article62313082.ece|title=How Buckingham canal could have saved Chennai|date=27 December 2018|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=9 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209213701/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/how-buckingham-canal-could-have-saved-chennai/article62313082.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The line remains elevated for the alignment of the second phase up to [[Perungudi railway station|Perungudi]], after which it returns to an at-grade section at the Velachery station, after which the final section of the line from Velachery to St. Thomas Mount is again elevated.<ref name="MRTS1"/><ref name="CMDA"/><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" style="font-size: 85%"<br />
|+Chennai MRTS network<ref name="MRTS1"/><ref name="CMDA">{{cite report|title=Presentation on MRTS & Rail facilities in and around Chennai|url=https://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/SMPS/SMPS_Session2.pdf|work=[[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]]|access-date=19 August 2012|pages=5–8|archive-date=2 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702062005/http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/SMPS/SMPS_Session2.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
!Phase <br />
!Length<br />
!Route<br />
!Stations<br />
!Opening Date<br />
|-<br />
|Phase I-A<br />
|{{cvt|5.10|km}}<br />
|[[Chennai Beach railway station|Chennai Beach]]{{ndash}}[[Chepauk railway station|Chepauk]]<br />
|5<br />
|16 November 1995<br />
|-<br />
|Phase I-B<br />
|{{cvt|3.63|km}}<br />
|[[Chepauk railway station|Chepauk]]{{ndash}}[[Thirumayilai railway station|Thirumayilai]]<br />
|4<br />
|19 October 1997<br />
|-<br />
|Phase II-A<br />
|{{cvt|5.99|km}}<br />
|[[Thirumayilai railway station|Thirumayilai]]{{ndash}}[[Thiruvanmiyur railway station|Thiruvanmiyur]]<br />
|6<br />
|26 January 2004<br />
|-<br />
|Phase II-B<br />
|{{cvt|4.62|km}}<br />
|[[Thiruvanmiyur railway station|Thiruvanmiyur]]{{ndash}}[[Velachery railway station|Velachery]]<br />
|3<br />
|19 November 2007<br />
|-<br />
|Phase II-B Extension<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/mrts-suburban-train-linking-work-resumes-after-long-delay/article33884294.ece|title=MRTS-suburban train linking work resumes after long delay|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=20 February 2021|access-date=20 February 2021|archive-date=20 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220062024/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/mrts-suburban-train-linking-work-resumes-after-long-delay/article33884294.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|{{cvt|4.64|km}}<br />
|[[Velachery railway station|Velachery]]{{ndash}}[[St. Thomas Mount railway station|St. Thomas Mount]]<br />
|3<br />
|14 March 2026<ref name="TNIE"/><br />
|}<br />
[[File:Chennai MRTS Map.svg|thumb|Chennai MRTS]]<br />
The route taken by the MRTS line has resulted in the pillars of the elevated section of the railway encroaching the Buckingham Canal. Although the pillars were placed basis the approval of the state government, the government later proposed plans to restore the canal to make it navigable.<ref name="Feasible">{{cite report|url=https://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Online/TOR/0_0_14_Jul_2014_1655134371AnnexurePrefeasibilityReport.pdf|title=Feasibility report|work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=1 December 2023|pages=1–2|archive-date=14 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414162518/https://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Online/TOR/0_0_14_Jul_2014_1655134371AnnexurePrefeasibilityReport.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/Oct/08/buckingham-canal-restoration-wrd-submits-plan-2621913.html|title=Buckingham canal restoration: WRD submits plan|date=3 October 2023|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|archive-date=14 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014061345/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/oct/08/buckingham-canal-restoration-wrd-submits-plan-2621913.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=River restoration only on paper, a sham on ground|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/river-restoration-only-on-paper-a-sham-on-ground/articleshow/103152608.cms|access-date=1 September 2023|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 August 2003|archive-date=1 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901074106/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/river-restoration-only-on-paper-a-sham-on-ground/articleshow/103152608.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> However, as the MRTS pillars have reduced the canal width, a section of the canal is not navigable, and the pillars block the flow of rainwater discharge.<ref name="Feasible" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/Civic-infrastructure-struggling-to-be-rain-ready/article16437421.ece|title=Civic infrastructure struggling to be rain-ready|date=5 November 2016|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=3 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403154404/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/Civic-infrastructure-struggling-to-be-rain-ready/article16437421.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/pdfs/SeminarOnWaterways/5.pdf|title=Waterways|work=[[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=24 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024085751/https://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/pdfs/SeminarOnWaterways/5.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> <br />
<br />
=== Track ===<br />
[[File:Chennai local 14003.jpg|thumb|A six car [[Electric Multiple Unit|EMU]] at [[Velachery railway station|Velachery station]]]]<br />
<br />
The Chennai MRTS line bears greater resemblance to the suburban railway than a [[rapid transit]] line as it uses the same [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|broad gauge]] (5&nbsp;ft 6in) as the Chennai Suburban Railway system, allowing the usage of same train-sets across the existing suburban lines and the MRTS.<ref name="INAE"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-metro.html#mad|title=Metro – Urban – Suburban Systems|work=IRFCA|access-date=13 November 2012|archive-date=4 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104064610/http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-metro.html#mad|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Track (rail transport)#Ballastless track|Ballastless track]] is used in the elevated sections between Tirumayilai and St.Thomas Mount stations.<ref name="INAE"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Prabhakar |first=Siddharth|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2015/Feb/19/ballast-less-tracks-the-solution-719167.html |title=Ballast-less tracks the Solution?|date=19 February 2015|access-date=1 September 2023|work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The trains use [[25 kV AC railway electrification|25 kV]] [[overhead catenary]] for [[Railway electric traction|traction]].<ref name="INAE"/><ref>{{cite web|title=General Description of Electrical Rolling Stock|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/codesmanual/ACTraction-I/AcTractionICh3_Data.htm|work=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=15 September 2012|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029194429/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/codesmanual/ACTraction-I/AcTractionICh3_Data.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Rolling stock ===<br />
The Chennai MRTS earlier used six-car [[Electric multiple unit|electrical multiple unit]] train sets, which was replaced by nine-car train sets in 2021.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/mrts-goes-full-ninecar/article7496649.ece|title=MRTS goes full nine-car|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=30 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930074953/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/mrts-goes-full-ninecar/article7496649.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> A nine-car rake typically has three sets of three motor coaches each at the front, the middle and the last with electric motors used to drive the wheels of the train at a stipulated speed.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://scr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1574744335252-JE%20LDCE2.pdf|title=Three phase EMU|page=5|work=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=15 October 2023|archive-date=13 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113070416/https://scr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1574744335252-JE%20LDCE2.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The EMU coaches are manufactured by the [[Integral Coach Factory]] in Chennai.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/fort-station-to-be-mrts-hub-post-cmrl-merger/articleshow/57954858.cms|title=Fort station to be MRTS hub post CMRL merger|date=1 April 2017|access-date=1 June 2024|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://icf.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,294|title=Integral Coach Factory|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=9 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209062951/https://icf.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,294|url-status=live}}</ref> The coaches are not air-conditioned and are equipped with two-class (first and second class) passenger seating configuration.<ref>{{cite news|first=G|last=Ananthakrishnan|title=Why no AC train for Chennai MRTS?|url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/blogs/blog-urban-prospects/article4459119.ece|access-date=19 April 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=27 February 2013|archive-date=7 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407115624/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/blogs/blog-urban-prospects/article4459119.ece?|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/chennai-metro-rail-limited-to-assess-if-suburban-trains-can-have-ac-coaches/articleshow/94772362.cms|title=Chennai Metro Rail Limited to assess if suburban trains can have AC coaches|date=11 October 2022|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=3 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403154409/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/chennai-metro-rail-limited-to-assess-if-suburban-trains-can-have-ac-coaches/articleshow/94772362.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/a-first-class-conundrum-for-mrts-ticket-checkers/article8038657.ece|title=A first class conundrum for MRTS ticket checkers|date=29 December 2015|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=3 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403154406/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/a-first-class-conundrum-for-mrts-ticket-checkers/article8038657.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Plan to launch AC coaches on Chennai suburban trains a non-starter|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/plan-to-launch-ac-coaches-on-chennai-suburban-trains-a-non-starter/articleshow/87076076.cms|date=17 October 2021|access-date=1 August 2023|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091807/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/plan-to-launch-ac-coaches-on-chennai-suburban-trains-a-non-starter/articleshow/87076076.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Stations ===<br />
[[File:Chennai Chintadripet Metro Station.jpg|thumb|[[Chintadripet railway station|Chintadripet station]], one of the stations on the MRTS line]]<br />
<br />
The MRTS line has 21 stations, and the stations are designed to accommodate six and nine-car train rakes.<ref name="CMDA"/><ref name="Timetable">{{cite web|title=Indian Railways Time Table|url=https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1345106736152-MRTS%20WEEK.pdf|work=Indian Railways|access-date=31 March 2024|archive-date=14 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414163041/https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1345106736152-MRTS%20WEEK.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BT">{{cite news|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/case-study/story/mass-rejected-transit-system-17368-2010-03-16|title=Can Chennai's Mass Rapid Transit System revive itself?|newspaper=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]|date=16 March 2010|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=11 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111095936/https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/case-study/story/mass-rejected-transit-system-17368-2010-03-16|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Chennai Beach station, one of the termini, is a hub for several suburban trains. Along with the [[Chennai Fort station]], it offers connectivity to the commercial area of [[Parry's Corner|Broadway]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2017/Sep/26/beach-station-awaits-makeover-as-metro-plans-mrts-takeover-1662744.html|title=Beach station awaits makeover as Metro plans MRTS takeover|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=26 September 2017|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=31 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331144814/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2017/Sep/26/beach-station-awaits-makeover-as-metro-plans-mrts-takeover-1662744.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/21-storey-bldg-skywalk-part-of-broadway-bus-terminus-plan/articleshow/74274348.cms|title=Chennai: 21-storey building, skywalk part of Broadway bus terminal|date=24 February 2022|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=31 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331144815/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/21-storey-bldg-skywalk-part-of-broadway-bus-terminus-plan/articleshow/74274348.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The Park Town station is located near the [[Chennai Central]] station, which is a hub for other suburban lines and for long-distance express trains.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/central-to-park-station-an-ordeal/articleshow/98554443.cms|title=Central to Park station, an ordeal|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 March 2023|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=31 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331144814/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/central-to-park-station-an-ordeal/articleshow/98554443.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/web-stories/india/8-biggest-railway-stations-in-india-with-most-platforms-1714145433213|title=Eight biggest railway stations in India|access-date=1 December 2023|work=[[Daily news and analysis]]|archive-date=12 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912073437/https://www.dnaindia.com/web-stories/india/8-biggest-railway-stations-in-india-with-most-platforms-1714145433213|url-status=live}}</ref> The St. Thomas Mount station at the southern end of the line, serves as the intersection of various railway networks. The suburban and long-distance express trains ply on the conventional tracks at ground level, the elevated MRTS line is located at the first level, and the Chennai Metro operates at the second level.<ref>{{cite news|first=A.|last=Srivathsan|title=Integrated station at St. Thomas Mount planned|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article395615.ece|access-date=18 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=13 April 2010|archive-date=8 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108181027/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article395615.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Places of interest such as [[Parthasarathy Temple, Triplicane|Parthasarathy Temple]], [[Kapaleeshwarar Temple]] and [[Mundagakanniamman Koil railway station|Mundagakanniamman Koil]] are located close to the MRTS railway line.<ref name="Temple1"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/temples-on-metro-route-strike-gold/articleshow/12182882.cms|title=Temples on metro route strike gold|date=8 March 2012|access-date=1 June 2024|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925185542/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/temples-on-metro-route-strike-gold/articleshow/12182882.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kovil"/> [[Marina Beach]] spans along a stretch of the line close to [[Thiruvallikeni railway station|Thiruvallikeni station]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/iit-m-to-study-upgrade-of-two-mrts-stations/articleshow/107177859.cms|title=IIT Madras to study upgrade of two MRTS stations|date=27 January 2024|access-date=1 March 2024|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=14 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214233352/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/iit-m-to-study-upgrade-of-two-mrts-stations/articleshow/107177859.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Chepauk railway station|Chepauk station]] is located close to the [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]].<ref name="Cricket1">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/ipl-matches-in-chennai-southern-railway-to-run-special-mrts-trains/articleshow/108672792.cms|title=Southern Railway to run special MRTS trains|date=21 March 2024|access-date=31 March 2024|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=28 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328060718/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/ipl-matches-in-chennai-southern-railway-to-run-special-mrts-trains/articleshow/108672792.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The MRTS passes along the [[Rajiv Gandhi Salai|Old Mahabalipuram Road]] (OMR), which also forms part of the [[information technology]] corridor where many companies are located.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/MRTS-upto-St.-Thomas-Mount-back-on-track/article12558936.ece|title=MRTS upto St. Thomas Mount back on track|date=16 October 2012|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=26 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826212621/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/MRTS-upto-St.-Thomas-Mount-back-on-track/article12558936.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/u-shaped-flyover-on-omr-to-be-completed-by-may-end/article66721098.ece|title=U-shaped flyover on OMR to be completed by May end|date=13 April 2023|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=3 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403154407/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/u-shaped-flyover-on-omr-to-be-completed-by-may-end/article66721098.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=https://chennaimetrorail.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Comprehensive-Detailed-Project-Report-for-Chennai-Metro.pdf|title=Detailed project report for Chennai Metro|access-date=1 December 2023|work=[[Chennai Metro]]|archive-date=3 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403154406/https://chennaimetrorail.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Comprehensive-Detailed-Project-Report-for-Chennai-Metro.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/brts-one-solution-for-two-problems-on-omr/articleshow/105424881.cms|title=BRTS: One solution for two problems on OMR|date=3 November 2023|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=1 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201072929/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/brts-one-solution-for-two-problems-on-omr/articleshow/105424881.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" style="text-align:left;" style="font-size: 85%"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2"| #<br />
! colspan="3"|Station name<ref name="Timetable"/><br />
! rowspan="2"|{{tooltip|Distance (km)|Distance from Chennai Beach in km}}<ref name="CMDA"/><br />
! rowspan="2"|Opening<ref name="CMDA"/><br />
! rowspan="2"|Connections<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chennaimetrorail.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Line-Map.pdf|title=Chennai metro map|work=[[Chennai Metro]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=8 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208073455/https://chennaimetrorail.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Line-Map.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
! rowspan="2"|Layout<br />
|-<br />
! English || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || Transliteration<br />
|-<br />
|1 || [[Chennai Beach]] || சென்னை கடற்கரை || Cennaī Kadarkarai || 0 ||rowspan="5"|16 November 1995 || {{rint|chennai|s}} [[Chennai Beach]] ([[South Line, Chennai Suburban|South Line]])<br />
| rowspan="3" |At-Grade<br />
|-<br />
|2 || [[Chennai Fort]] || சென்னை கோட்டை || Cennaī Kottai || 1.70 || {{rint|chennai|s}} [[Chennai Fort]] ([[South Line, Chennai Suburban|South Line]]) <br /> {{rint|bus}} [[Broadway bus terminus]]<br />
|-<br />
|3 || [[Chennai Park Town railway station|Chennai Park Town]] || சென்னை பூங்கா நகர் || Cennaī Poonga Nagar || 2.54 || {{ric|Indian Railways}} [[Chennai Central Railway Station|Chennai Central]] <br />
{{rint|chennai|s}} [[Chennai Park railway station|Park]] ([[South Line, Chennai Suburban|South Line]]) <br> {{rint|chennai|s}} [[Moore Market Complex railway station|Moore Market]]<br />
([[North Line, Chennai Suburban|North Line]]) ([[West Line, Chennai Suburban|West Line]])<br/ > {{ric|Chennai Metro}} [[Chennai Central metro station|Central]] {{rcb|Chennai Metro|Blue|croute}} {{rcb|Chennai Metro|Green|croute}}<br />
|-<br />
|4 || [[Chintadripet railway station|Chintadripet]] || சிந்தாதிரிப்பேட்டை || Chinthadripettai || 3.43 || {{ric|Chennai Metro}} [[Government Estate metro station|Government Estate]] {{rcb|Chennai Metro|Blue|croute}}|| rowspan="13" |Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|5 || [[Chepauk railway station|Chepauk]] || சேப்பாக்கம் || Chepakkam || 5 || rowspan="16" {{n/a}}<br />
|-<br />
|6 || [[Thiruvallikeni railway station|Thiruvallikeni]] || திருவல்லிக்கேணி || Thiruvallikeni || 5.74 || rowspan="2"|19 October 1997<br />
|-<br />
|7 || [[Light House railway station|Light House]] || கலங்கரை விளக்கம் || Kalangarai Vilakkam || 6.95<br />
|-<br />
|8 || [[Mundakanniamman Koil railway station|Mundagakanniamman Koil]] || முண்டகக்கண்ணியம்மன் கோவில் || Mundagakanniamman Kovil || 7.925 || 14 May 2014<ref name="Kovil">{{cite news|url=https://www-newindianexpress-com.translate.goog/cities/chennai/2014/May/15/mylapore-locals-get-a-new-stop-612741.html|title=Mylapore Locals Get a New Stop|date=15 May 2014|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|9 || [[Thirumayilai railway station|Thirumayilai]] || திருமயிலை || Thirumayilai || 8.66 || 19 October 1997 <br />
|-<br />
|10 || [[Mandaveli railway station|Mandaveli]] || மந்தைவெளி || Mandaiveli || 9.699 || rowspan="6"|26 January 2004<br />
|-<br />
|11 || [[Greenways Road railway station|Greenways Road]] || பசுமைவழிச் சாலை || Pasumaivazhi Salai || 11.02<br />
|-<br />
|12 || [[Kotturpuram railway station|Kotturpuram]] || கோட்டூர்புரம் || Kottoorpuram || 11.892<br />
|-<br />
|13 || [[Kasturba Nagar railway station|Kasturba Nagar]] || கஸ்தூரிபாய் நகர் || Kasturibai Nagar || 12.824<br />
|-<br />
|14 || [[Indira Nagar railway station|Indira Nagar]] || இந்திரா நகர் || Indira Nagar || 13.796<br />
|-<br />
|15 || [[Thiruvanmiyur railway station|Thiruvanmiyur]] || திருவான்மியூர் || Thiruvanmiyur || 14.655<br />
|-<br />
|16 || [[Taramani railway station|Taramani]] || தரமணி || Tharamani || 16.57 || rowspan="3"|19 November 2007<br />
|-<br />
|17 || [[Perungudi railway station|Perungudi]] || பெருங்குடி || Perungudi || 17.713 || rowspan="2"|At Grade<br />
|-<br />
|18 || [[Velachery railway station|Velachery]] || வேளச்சேரி || Velachery || 19.34<br />
|-<br />
|19 || [[Puzhuthivakkam railway station|Puzhuthivakkam]] || புழுதிவாக்கம் || Pulutivakkam || 21.19 || 14 March 2026<ref name="TNIE"/> || rowspan="3"|Elevated<br />
|-<br />
|20 || [[Adambakkam railway station|Adambakkam]] || ஆதம்பாக்கம் || Adambakkam || 22.19 || TBD<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/chennai/chennai-mrts-skips-adambakkam-for-now|title=Chennai: MRTS train to skip Adambakkam station for now|newspaper=[[DT Next]]|date=13 March 2026|access-date=15 March 2026}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|21 || [[St. Thomas Mount railway station|St. Thomas Mount]] || பரங்கிமலை || Parangimalai || 23.98 || 14 March 2026<ref name="TNIE"/> || {{rint|chennai|s}} {{ric|Chennai Metro}} [[St. Thomas Mount railway station|St. Thomas Mount]] {{rcb|Chennai Metro|green|croute}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[File:Tirumailai MRTS station Chennai (Madras).jpg|thumb|MRTS coaches have open doors on both sides. Pictured is an [[Electric Multiple Unit|EMU]] at [[Thirumayilai railway station|Thirumayilai]]]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Indian Railways has made various plans to use the empty space in the MRTS stations.<ref>{{cite news|first=Aloysius Xavier|last=Lopez|title=Amma canteens may soon come up at Chennai's MRTS stations|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/amma-canteens-may-soon-come-up-at-chennais-mrts-stations/article5201923.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=5 October 2013|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=30 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930123532/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/amma-canteens-may-soon-come-up-at-chennais-mrts-stations/article5201923.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2009, [[Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation]] (IRCTC) announced plans to set up food stalls at MRTS stations with the first such stall inaugurated in April 2018 at Thiruvanmiyur station.<ref>{{cite news|title=Snazzy food stalls at MRTS stations|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/snazzy-food-stalls-at-suburban-mrts-stations/articleshow/4197755.cms|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=27 February 2009|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=3 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403154404/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/snazzy-food-stalls-at-suburban-mrts-stations/articleshow/4197755.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ayyappan|first=V.|title=IRCTC to build food kiosks at MRTS stations off-track|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/food-kiosks-at-mrts-stations-off-track/articleshow/12463544.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=30 March 2012|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091808/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/food-kiosks-at-mrts-stations-off-track/articleshow/12463544.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Vivek|last=Narayanan|title=Missed a meal? Grab a bite at MRTS station in Chennai|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/missed-a-meal-grab-a-bite-at-mrts-station-in-chennai/article5178571.ece?homepage=true|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 September 2013|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=8 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108181027/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/missed-a-meal-grab-a-bite-at-mrts-station-in-chennai/article5178571.ece?homepage=true|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=IRCTC opens 1st food plaza at Thiruvanmiyur MRTS station|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/irctc-opens-1st-food-plaza-at-thiruvanmiyur-mrts-station/articleshow/63561998.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=2 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402022712/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/irctc-opens-1st-food-plaza-at-thiruvanmiyur-mrts-station/articleshow/63561998.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
MRTS has been criticised by the public for poor maintenance of the stations, lack of inter-modal transport facilities and security issues.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lack of safety measures turn incomplete MRTS stations into death trap|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/lack-of-safety-measures-turn-incomplete-mrts-stations-into-death-trap/articleshow/7399944.cms|access-date=1 August 2023|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=1 February 2011|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091812/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/lack-of-safety-measures-turn-incomplete-mrts-stations-into-death-trap/articleshow/7399944.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ayyappan|first=V.|title=Badly maintained stations hamper optimum patronage|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/badly-maintained-stations-hamper-optimum-patronage/articleshow/5375707.cms|access-date=1 August 2023|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=25 December 2009|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091811/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/badly-maintained-stations-hamper-optimum-patronage/articleshow/5375707.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The director of Chennai Metro called for the various government agencies to work together to improve the connectivity to the stations.<ref>{{cite news|title=Need to integrate MRTS with other public transport systems|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/need-to-integrate-mrts-with-other-public-transport-systems/article23051580.ece|access-date=21 August 2023|newspaper=[[Business Line]]|date=25 February 2011|archive-date=3 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403154404/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/need-to-integrate-mrts-with-other-public-transport-systems/article23051580.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The stations often face issues such as seepage of rainwater and no access to clean drinking water.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/rain-leak-leaves-mrts-stations-in-mess/articleshow/3710964.cms|title=Rain leak leaves MRTS stations in mess|date=14 November 2008|access-date=1 June 2024|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925212359/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/rain-leak-leaves-mrts-stations-in-mess/articleshow/3710964.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/mrts-stations-in-terrible-state-after-rain/articleshow/5217270.cms|title=MRTS stations in terrible state after rain|date=11 November 2009|access-date=1 June 2024|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925212305/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/mrts-stations-in-terrible-state-after-rain/articleshow/5217270.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Sowmiya|last=Ashok|title=How safe is drinking water at train terminals ?|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article2225539.ece|access-date=21 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=14 July 2011|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105193153/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article2225539.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> A 2006 report by the [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India]] cited delays in installation of station amenities such as escalators.<ref>{{cite web|title=Planning, execution and operation of Mass 1Rapid Transit System, Chennai. Chapter III|url=https://cag.gov.in/uploads/old_reports/union/union_compliance/2005_2006/Railways/Report_No_5/chap_3.pdf|work=[[Comptroller and Auditor General of India]]|access-date=1 September 2023|archive-date=15 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415020150/https://cag.gov.in/uploads/old_reports/union/union_compliance/2005_2006/Railways/Report_No_5/chap_3.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2012, there was a shortage of the [[Railway Protection Force]] personnel at MRTS stations, which raised security concerns.<ref>{{cite news|first=Vivek|last=Narayanan|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/railway-cops-shortage-hits-security-at-mrts-stations/article4168100.ece|title=Railway cops shortage hits security at MRTS stations|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=6 December 2012|access-date=6 December 2012|archive-date=8 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208153456/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/railway-cops-shortage-hits-security-at-mrts-stations/article4168100.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, to improve the security for the passengers using the network, Indian Railways declared that the MRTS stations would have a single designated entry and exit point as it was difficult for the existing RPF personnel to monitor multiple gates at the same time.<ref>{{cite news|first=Vivek|last=Narayanan|title=MRTS stations to have 1 entry, exit|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/mrts-stations-to-have-1-entry-exit/article4273819.ece|access-date=5 January 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=5 January 2013|archive-date=8 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130108105624/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/mrts-stations-to-have-1-entry-exit/article4273819.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|title=Protection of Passengers and their belongings including Strategy to Control Crime|url=https://cag.gov.in/uploads/download_audit_report/2011/Union_Performance_Railways_Security_Management_14_2011_Chapter_3.pdf|work=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 August 2023|archive-date=16 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916193159/https://cag.gov.in/uploads/download_audit_report/2011/Union_Performance_Railways_Security_Management_14_2011_Chapter_3.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> If the planned takeover by Chennai Metro is completed, the existing line is planned to be upgraded to be compatible with the metro system. Plans to modernise infrastructure include improved facilities at stations and single integrated ticketing system among others.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/City/Chennai/Chennai-Metro-rail-likely-to-take-over-MRTS/articleshow/39454072.cms|title=Chennai Metro rail likely to take over MRTS|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|access-date=5 August 2014|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112040213/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Chennai-Metro-rail-likely-to-take-over-MRTS/articleshow/39454072.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Operations ==<br />
The operational route length between Chennai Beach and St.Thomas Mount is {{cvt|23.98|km}} with a journey time of more than 65 minutes one way.<ref name="CMDA"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Operational time of MRTS trains revised|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-downtown/article3590030.ece|access-date=21 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=1 July 2012|archive-date=8 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708032004/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-downtown/article3590030.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=R.|last=Srikanth|title=Technical snag delays MRTS services|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3007154.ece|access-date=21 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 March 2012|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105193058/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3007154.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The system handles about 70 trains on weekdays and reduced capacity on Sundays.<ref>{{cite report|title=Chennai Beach – Velachery – Chennai Beach Week days service|url=https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1345106736152-MRTS%20WEEK.pdf|access-date=1 December 2023|work=[[Southern Railway zone]], [[Indian Railways]]|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091809/https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1345106736152-MRTS%20WEEK.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|title=Chennai Beach – Velachery – Chennai Beach Sunday service|url=http://www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1345106764192-MRTSun.pdf|work=[[Southern Railway zone]], [[Indian Railways]]|access-date=18 August 2012|archive-date=6 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906183601/http://www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1345106764192-MRTSun.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, Indian Railways made the schedule for the MRTS services available on [[Google Maps]] on [[Android (operating system)|Android]] smartphones.<ref>{{cite news|first=Karthik|last=Subramanian|title=Google simplifies public transit information|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/internet/article3796171.ece|access-date=20 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 August 2012|archive-date=22 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822164634/http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/internet/article3796171.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Karthikeyan|first=Hemalatha|title=Mass Rapid Transit System, Metro path map is now part of mobile app|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/mass-rapid-transit-system-metro-path-map-is-now-part-of-mobile-app/articleshow/15563644.cms|access-date=1 August 2023|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=20 August 2012|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091811/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/mass-rapid-transit-system-metro-path-map-is-now-part-of-mobile-app/articleshow/15563644.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The trains can be tracked in real time and the users are provided with updates through an automated [[SMS]] system.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kabirdoss|first=Yogesh|title=Track MRTS trains through SMS|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2012/feb/18/track-mrts-trains-through-sms-341177.html|access-date=1 August 2023|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=18 February 2012|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091807/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2012/feb/18/track-mrts-trains-through-sms-341177.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Fares and ticketing ===<br />
The minimum fare for a second class is {{INRconvert|5}}.<ref name="Subsidy">{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2023/May/04/mrts-fare-hike-in-the-offing-as-tamil-nadu-govt-prepares-for-takeover-2572162.html|title=MRTS fare hike in the offing as Tamil Nadu govt prepares for takeover|date=5 May 2023|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|archive-date=3 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403154404/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2023/May/04/mrts-fare-hike-in-the-offing-as-tamil-nadu-govt-prepares-for-takeover-2572162.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A second class ticket from Beach to St. Thomas Mount is priced at {{INRconvert|10}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2018/Jan/20/chennai-post-metro-merger-mrts-fares-may-go-up-by-five-to-seven-times-1759169.html|title=Chennai: Post-Metro merger, MRTS fares may go up by five to seven times|date=20 January 2018|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|archive-date=3 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403154406/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2018/Jan/20/chennai-post-metro-merger-mrts-fares-may-go-up-by-five-to-seven-times-1759169.html|url-status=live}}</ref> First class tickets cost about five times higher than the second class fare.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/first-class-mrts-commuters-complain-of-shoddy-facilities/articleshow/67050869.cms|title=First-class MRTS commuters complain of shoddy facilities|date=12 December 2018|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=3 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403154404/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/first-class-mrts-commuters-complain-of-shoddy-facilities/articleshow/67050869.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition to one-time tickets, the Southern Railway issues monthly tickets and quarterly season tickets for frequent travelers.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1309779486465-ST-FARE-LIST.pdf|title=Season ticket fare list|work=[[Southern Railway zone]], [[Indian Railways]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=3 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403154407/https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1309779486465-ST-FARE-LIST.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Narayanan|first=Vivek|title=Wait for ticket gets painful|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3394846.ece|access-date=21 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 May 2012|archive-date=11 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511203206/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3394846.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Short validity tickets are available for tourists.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=8532&did=15771820428170372B05269DDBB2851DEA3EB8F9D77E2|title=Tourist Tickets introduced in Chennai Suburban|date=24 December 2019|access-date=1 December 2023|work=[[Southern Railway zone]], [[Indian Railways]]|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091811/https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=8532&did=15771820428170372B05269DDBB2851DEA3EB8F9D77E2|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=https://icf.indianrailways.gov.in/works/uploads/File/202001.pdf|title=ICF monthly bulletin|date=January 2020|work=[[Integral Coach Factory]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=3 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403154407/https://icf.indianrailways.gov.in/works/uploads/File/202001.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/Dec/24/southern-railway-introduces-tourist-tickets-in-chennai-suburban-areas-2080604.html|title=Southern Railway introduces tourist tickets in Chennai suburban areas|date=25 December 2019|access-date=1 June 2024|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|archive-date=12 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912073600/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/Dec/24/southern-railway-introduces-tourist-tickets-in-chennai-suburban-areas-2080604.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The tickets can be bought at the railway ticket counters or booked through a [[mobile application]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/buy-suburban-train-tickets-via-app/article33712431.ece|title=Buy suburban train tickets via app|date=1 February 2021|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091808/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/buy-suburban-train-tickets-via-app/article33712431.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Patronage ===<br />
[[File:MRTS Chennai passenger passenger patronage chart.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Average daily patronage by station (2009–10)]]<br />
<br />
The ridership of the Chennai MRTS system increased from approximately 9,000 in 2003 to 66,518 passengers per day in 2008.<ref name="Project"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Srikanth|first=R.|title=MRTS getting popular, yet it has miles to go|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=11 November 2008|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article1373635.ece|access-date=15 August 2012|archive-date=10 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160210143554/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article1373635.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> When the line was extended up to Velachery in 2007, the daily ridership increased and it saw a three-fold increase in the revenue.<ref name="3 fold">{{cite report|url=https://ta.chennaimetrorail.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/11/project_brief_updated_aug081.pdf|title=Updated project brief|page=4|work=[[Chennai Metro]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091808/https://ta.chennaimetrorail.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/11/project_brief_updated_aug081.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/20-years-on-a-favourite-with-commuters/article7496648.ece?ref=relatedNews|title=20 years on, a favourite with commuters|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=8 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108181027/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/20-years-on-a-favourite-with-commuters/article7496648.ece?ref=relatedNews|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2023}}, the daily ridership is about 100,000.<ref name="Rider"/> Three stations—Beach, Thirumayilai, and Velachery—accounted for nearly 40 percent of the ridership in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sreevatsan|first=Ajai|title=Swanky new road, but MTC buses shy away|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article2806275.ece|access-date=21 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=17 January 2012|archive-date=5 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705141513/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article2806275.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2010, the Indian Railways rolled out dedicated trains for women, which saw poor patronage.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sreevatsan|first=Ajai|title=Poor patronage for MRTS Ladies Special service|date=24 February 2010|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/Poor-patronage-for-MRTS-Ladies-Special-service/article16816301.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=1 August 2023|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091810/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/Poor-patronage-for-MRTS-Ladies-Special-service/article16816301.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, [[Chennai Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority]] (CUMTA) introduced new plans to improve last-mile connectivity to the stations.<ref name="RD"/> Indian Railways operates special trains on certain occasions to boost revenue. As the route passes close to some popular religious sites, the MRTS operates special trains during popular religious festivals such as the [[Vaikunta Ekadashi]] at Parthasarathy Temple in [[Triplicane|Thiruvallikeni]] and the Arupathumoovar festival at the Kapaleeshwarar Temple in [[Mylapore|Thirumayilai]].<ref name="Temple1">{{cite news|title=Huge crowds throng temples on Vaikunta Ekadasi|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/huge-crowds-throng-temples-on-vaikunta-ekadasi/articleshow/7120088.cms|access-date=1 August 2023|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 December 2010|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091809/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/huge-crowds-throng-temples-on-vaikunta-ekadasi/articleshow/7120088.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Temple2">{{cite press release|title=MRTS specials for 'Arupathumoovar' festival|url=https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=5148&did=1491560784693F4D3A095ACAE163AD3712528CCAEFC03.web91|access-date=1 August 2023|publisher=[[Southern Railway zone]], [[Indian Railways]]|date=7 April 2017|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091810/https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=5148&did=1491560784693F4D3A095ACAE163AD3712528CCAEFC03.web91|url-status=live}}</ref> Special trains are run when [[cricket]] matches are hosted at the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in [[Chepauk]],<ref name="Cricket1"/><ref name="Cricket">{{cite news|title=Special trains for cricket match|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article1552252.ece|access-date=18 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 March 2011|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029212125/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article1552252.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=Special trains on MRTS in view of ICC World Cup Cricket Match|url=http://www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=143&did=13003629024502C69AA1396142E8B93536D41E1D6F1D2.web103|work=[[Southern Railway zone]], [[Indian Railways]]|access-date=18 August 2012|archive-date=3 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403152125/http://www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=143&did=13003629024502C69AA1396142E8B93536D41E1D6F1D2.web103|url-status=live}}</ref> during [[Pongal (festival)|Kaanum Pongal]] festival at Marina Beach,<ref>{{cite news|title=Thousands throng Marina for Kaanum Pongal|url=http://news.oneindia.in/2008/01/17/thousands-throng-marina-for-kaanum-pongal-1200571583.html|access-date=18 August 2012|work=[[One India]] News|date=17 January 2008|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201216/http://news.oneindia.in/2008/01/17/thousands-throng-marina-for-kaanum-pongal-1200571583.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> and during bus strikes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Commuters stranded across Tamil Nadu as bus strike enters 4th day|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/commuters-stranded-across-tamil-nadu-as-bus-strike-enters-4th-day/articleshow/62401540.cms|access-date=1 August 2023|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=7 January 2018|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091807/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/commuters-stranded-across-tamil-nadu-as-bus-strike-enters-4th-day/articleshow/62401540.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
As the MRTS system is not fully integrated with other modes of transportation in the city, access to the stations is an issue.<ref>{{cite web|title=Review of First Master Plan, Chapter 1|url=http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/Volume1_English_PDF/Vol1_Chapter01_FMP%20Review.pdf|access-date=19 August 2012|work=[[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]]|archive-date=3 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203015339/http://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/Volume1_English_PDF/Vol1_Chapter01_FMP%20Review.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ananthakrishnan|first=G.|title=Not all together here|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/not-all-together-here/article5157531.ece|access-date=14 October 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 September 2013|archive-date=16 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016071518/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/not-all-together-here/article5157531.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> As per a survey conducted in 2012, the public called for special focus on pedestrian facilities that would provide access to MRTS stations from nearby roads and bus stops, as well as identifying new feeder routes for the network.<ref>{{cite news|title=Survey to identify lacunae in facilities near MRTS stations|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/survey-to-identify-lacunae-in-facilities-near-mrts-stations/article4010299.ece|access-date=20 October 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 October 2012|archive-date=21 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021060801/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/survey-to-identify-lacunae-in-facilities-near-mrts-stations/article4010299.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Post the completion of the under construction extension, the MRTS system will be connected to the Suburban Railway and the Metro. This would enable commuters to access the railway grid of the different operational rail systems and facilitate improved connectivity from the stations on the MRTS network.<ref>{{cite news|title=Last mile MRTS link likely to redefine train travel in city|date=15 March 2012|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/rail-budget/last-mile-mrts-link-likely-to-redefine-train-travel-in-city/articleshow/12270274.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=15 August 2023|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226091807/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/rail-budget/last-mile-mrts-link-likely-to-redefine-train-travel-in-city/articleshow/12270274.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The proposed extension up to St. Thomas Mount was expected to increase patronage from people working in the IT establishments, residences and other offices located close to the MRTS network,<ref>{{cite news|first=E.|last=Raja Simhan|title=Velachery-St Thomas Mount MRTS link, boon for biz units|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/logistics/article2999276.ece|access-date=21 August 2012|newspaper=[[Business Line]]|date=16 March 2012|archive-date=22 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822220345/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/logistics/article2999276.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Three-avatars-of-rail-services-under-one-house/articleshow/6978476.cms?referral=PM|title=Three avatars of rail services under one house|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=24 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224004314/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Three-avatars-of-rail-services-under-one-house/articleshow/6978476.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> and the ridership increased following the opening of the extended section from Velachery to St. Thomas Mount in March 2026, as it provided access to metro and suburban lines.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chennai MRTS ridership jumps after St Thomas Mount–Velachery extension |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/urban-transportation/chennai-mrts-ridership-jumps-after-st-thomas-mountvelachery-extension/129714032 |access-date=22 March 2026 |date=22 March 2026 |work=[[The Economic Times]] }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Finances ===<br />
In a 10 month period in 2009–10, the MRTS earned a revenue of {{INRconvert|127.6|m}} with {{INRconvert|122.1|m}} coming from ticketing sales. It had operating expenses of about {{INRconvert|230|m}}, which translated to net loss of more than {{INRconvert|100|m}}.<ref name="BT"/> {{As of|2023}}, the MRTS registered revenues of {{INRconvert|200|m}} annually. With estimated operational expenses of about {{INRconvert|1.05|b}}, the annual loss widened to {{INRconvert|0.85|b}}.<ref name="RD">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/mrts-takeover-cumta-to-promote-last-mile-connectivity-at-18-stations/articleshow/103677732.cms|title=CUMTA to promote last mile connectivity at 18 stations|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=15 September 2023|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=11 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111094855/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/mrts-takeover-cumta-to-promote-last-mile-connectivity-at-18-stations/articleshow/103677732.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=MRTS upto St. Thomas Mount back on track|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/mrts-upto-st-thomas-mount-back-on-track/article4000113.ece|access-date=16 October 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=16 October 2012|archive-date=8 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108181027/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/mrts-upto-st-thomas-mount-back-on-track/article4000113.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> A major contributor to the losses is the revenue deficit due to subsidised cheaper fares offered by the Southern Railway, which runs the service.<ref name="Subsidy"/><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Chennai Metrolite]]<br />
* [[Rapid transit in India]]<br />
* [[Transport in Chennai]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
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{{Chennai Topics}}<br />
{{Transport in Chennai}}<br />
{{Chennai - Suburban Railway, MRTS}}<br />
{{Urban transit in Chennai}}<br />
{{Rapid transit in India}}<br />
{{Transport in Tamil Nadu}}<br />
{{Indian Railways}}<br />
}}{{Portal bar|India|Transport|Engineering}}<br />
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[[Category:Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System]]<br />
[[Category:Urban transit in Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]<br />
[[Category:Transport in Chennai]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royapuram_Assembly_constituency&diff=530987Royapuram Assembly constituency2026-05-08T05:44:54Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|State Legislative Assembly Constituency in Tamil Nadu}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
<br />
| name = Royapuram<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| constituency_no = 17<br />
| map_image = Constitution-Royapuram.svg<br />
| mla = [[Idream R. Murthy]]<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
| alliance = {{legend2|#dd1100|'''[[Secular Progressive Alliance|SPA]]'''|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br />
| latest_election_year = 2021<br />
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
| district = [[Chennai district|Chennai]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Chennai North Lok Sabha constituency|Chennai North]]<br />
| established = 1977<br />
| electors = 159,654 <br />
}}<br />
'''Royapuram''' is a [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly|legislative assembly]] constituency, that includes the locality of [[Royapuram]]. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 17. Royapuram Assembly constituency is a part of [[Chennai North Lok Sabha constituency]]. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.<br />
<br />
==Members of Legislative Assembly==<br />
{| class="wikitable" <br />
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year<br />
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner<br />
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party<br />
|-<br />
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]||rowspan=3|P. Ponnurangam|| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=4}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]||[[R. Mathivanan]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]||[[D. Jayakumar]]|| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]||R. Mathivanan|| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]||rowspan=4|D. Jayakumar||rowspan=4 {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=4}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]||[[Idream R. Murthy]]|| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]|| [[K. V. Vijay Damu]]||{{Full party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
{{bar box<br />
|float=right<br />
|title= Vote share of winning candidates<br />
|titlebar=#ddd<br />
|width=300px<br />
|barwidth=275px<br />
|bars=<br />
{{bar percent|[[#2026|2026]]|{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}|46.4}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|DMK}}|53.56}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|45.21}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|57.89}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.26}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|56.76}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|57.78}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|59.04}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|45.95}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.26}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.31}}<br />
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|33.54}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== 2026 ===<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Royapuram<ref>https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2026/ConstituencywiseS2217.htm</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. V. Vijay Damu]]| |party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes=59091 |percentage=46.4|change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Subair Khan|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=44,842|percentage=35.21|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Jayakumar|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=18,420|percentage=14.46|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S Bbabu Mailan|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=2947|percentage=2.31|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above|votes=459|percentage=0.36|change=}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=14249 |percentage= |change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|votes=127356|percentage=|change=}}<br />
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 159654|change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2021 ===<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Royapuram<ref>{{cite web|title=royapuram Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a017|access-date= 12 Jun 2022}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Idream R. Murthy|Idreams Murthy]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=64,424 |percentage=53.56% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[D. Jayakumar]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=36,645 |percentage=30.46% |change=-14.74 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Gunasekaran |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=8,166 |percentage=6.79% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Kamali |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=7,953 |percentage=6.61% |change=+4.66 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Ramajayam |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,128 |percentage=0.94% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=901 |percentage=0.75% |change=-1.17 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=27,779 |percentage=23.09% |change= 16.52% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=120,290 |percentage=62.45% |change= -1.06% }}<br />
{{Election box rejected|votes=326|percentage=0.27% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 192,617 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 8.35% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2016 ===<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Royapuram<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[D. Jayakumar]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=55,205 |percentage=45.21% |change=-12.68 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Manohar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=47,174 |percentage=38.63% |change=-0.25 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=H. Syed Rafi Basha |party=Social Democratic Party of India |votes=4,345 |percentage=3.56% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. R. Jemelaa |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,562 |percentage=2.92% |change=+1.42 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Biju Chacko |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=3,191 |percentage=2.61% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. Ananda Raj |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=2,387 |percentage=1.95% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=2,348 |percentage=1.92% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. S. Perumal |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=2,126 |percentage=1.74% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,031 |percentage=6.58% |change= -12.43% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=122,117 |percentage=63.51% |change= -7.07% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 192,283 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -12.68% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== 2011 ===<br />
<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Royapuram<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[D. Jayakumar]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=65,099 |percentage=57.89% |change=+4.62 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Manohar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=43,727 |percentage=38.88% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chandar (Alias) D. Chandru |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,683 |percentage=1.50% |change=+0.72 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=21,372 |percentage=19.00% |change= 4.80% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=112,461 |percentage=70.58% |change= 1.56% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 159,349 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 4.62% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2006===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Royapuram<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 2006 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| access-date = 12 May 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[D. Jayakumar]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=50,647 |percentage=53.26% |change=-3.5 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. P. Sarkunapandian |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,144 |percentage=39.06% |change=-0.2 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Royapuram V. Babu |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=5,033 |percentage=5.29% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. C. Kumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=735 |percentage=0.77% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,503 |percentage=14.20% |change= -3.30% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=95,090 |percentage=69.02% |change= 18.97% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 137,772 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -3.50% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===2001===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Royapuram<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[D. Jayakumar]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=44,465 |percentage=56.76% |change=+21.39 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Nargunan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=30,753 |percentage=39.26% |change=-18.52 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. M. Gopinathan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,772 |percentage=2.26% |change=-1.33 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Dhanraj |party=Independent politician |votes=430 |percentage=0.55% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,712 |percentage=17.50% |change= -4.90% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=78,335 |percentage=50.05% |change= -10.94% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 156,528 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -1.01% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1996===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Royapuram<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 1996 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Mathivanan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=44,893 |percentage=57.78% |change=+20.01 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[D. Jayakumar]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=27,485 |percentage=35.37% |change=-23.67 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Mohan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,793 |percentage=3.59% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Gnanam |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=1,201 |percentage=1.55% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nannuri Venkateswara Rao |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=675 |percentage=0.87% |change=-0.23 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,408 |percentage=22.40% |change= 1.13% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=77,702 |percentage=60.99% |change= 1.58% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 130,238 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -1.27% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1991===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Royapuram<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[D. Jayakumar]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=46,218 |percentage=59.04% |change=+51.09 }}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Mathivanan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=29,565 |percentage=37.77% |change=-8.18 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. S. Perumal |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=1,278 |percentage=1.63% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Narasimman |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=857 |percentage=1.09% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,653 |percentage=21.27% |change= 6.95% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=78,278 |percentage=59.41% |change= -10.66% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 133,943 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 13.10% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1989===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Royapuram<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Mathivanan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,742 |percentage=45.95% |change=-4.31 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Arumugaswamy |party=Independent politician |votes=25,976 |percentage=31.62% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Ramani Bai |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,681 |percentage=10.57% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Somasundaram |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=6,532 |percentage=7.95% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Veerasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=1,325 |percentage=1.61% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. S. Madasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=432 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,766 |percentage=14.32% |change= 12.73% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=82,142 |percentage=70.07% |change= 0.73% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 118,588 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -4.31% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
* Due to the split after MGR's death, R. Somasundaram, was part of ADK (Janaki), and not part of the other splinter group ADK (Jayalalitha).<br />
<br />
===1984===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Royapuram<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=P. Punnurangam |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=40,727 |percentage=50.26% |change=-0.05 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Rajan |party=Gandhi Kamaraj National Congress |votes=39,432 |percentage=48.66% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,295 |percentage=1.60% |change= 0.34% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=81,031 |percentage=69.34% |change= 5.05% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 118,621 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -0.05% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
*K. Rajan belonged to the Gandhi Kamaraj National Congress.<br />
<br />
===1980===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Royapuram<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf| archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=P. Ponnurangam |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,390 |percentage=50.31% |change=+16.77 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Pandian |party=Communist Party of India |votes=36,455 |percentage=49.05% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=935 |percentage=1.26% |change= -0.95% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=74,319 |percentage=64.30% |change= 12.87% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 116,630 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 16.77% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===1977===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Royapuram<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=P. Ponnurangam |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=24,217 |percentage=33.54% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Raji |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=22,626 |percentage=31.34% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Ramani Bai |party=Janata Party |votes=17,456 |percentage=24.18% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Thangarajan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,742 |percentage=9.34% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Salappan |party=Independent politician |votes=582 |percentage=0.81% |change= ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,591 |percentage=2.20% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=72,194 |percentage=51.43% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 141,692 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date= 5 October 2010}}<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}<br />
{{Tamil Nadu assembly elections}}<br />
{{coord|13.114|80.297|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Chennai district]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]<br />
[[Category:1977 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kannad_Assembly_constituency&diff=508260Kannad Assembly constituency2026-05-06T21:29:42Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: added new stub - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Kannad<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| map_image = 105-Kannad.svg<br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| state = [[Maharashtra]]<br />
| district = [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]<br />
| division = [[Aurangabad Division|Aurangabad]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Aurangabad (Maharashtra Lok Sabha constituency)|Aurangabad]]<br />
| constituency_no = 105<br />
| established = 1962<br />
| reservation = <!-- SC, ST or None --><br />
| abolished = <br />
| mla = [[Sanjana Jadhav]]<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
| incumbent_image = <br />
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
| electors =333,280 <br />
}}<br />
'''Kannad Assembly constituency''' is one of the six constituencies of [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]] located in the [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad district]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
It is a part of the [[Aurangabad (Maharashtra Lok Sabha constituency)|Aurangabad (Lok Sabha constituency)]] along with five other assembly constituencies, viz [[Vaijapur Assembly constituency]], [[Gangapur, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Gangapur Assembly constituency]], [[Aurangabad East Assembly constituency]], [[Aurangabad Central Assembly constituency]] and [[Aurangabad West Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archivedate=2010-03-18 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kannad Vidhan Sabha Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/kannad.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref><br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
|Kakasaheb Bhikanrao Deshmukh<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Narayan Patil<br />
|-<br />
|[[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]<br />
|[[T. S. Patil]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br />
|Raibhan Jadhav<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (U)|dab=yes}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br />
|Kishore Patil<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian Congress (Socialist)|dab=yes}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |Raibhan Jadhav<br />
|{{party name with color|Independent politician}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<br />
|Nitin Suresh Patil<br />
|-<br />
|[[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br />
|Namdev Pawar<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Harshvardhan Jadhav]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<br />
|[[Udaysingh Rajput]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
|[[Sanjana Jadhav]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
=== Assembly Election 2024 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kannad <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Kannad, Maharashtra Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: SHS's Sanjana Jadhav defeats Independent candidate Harshwardhan Jadhav with 18201 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/kannad-maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-maelb-2638213-2024-11-23 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Kannad">{{cite news |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Kannad |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13105.htm |access-date=20 December 2024 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241220065039/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13105.htm |archive-date=20 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sanjana Jadhav|Sanjanatai Harshvardhan Jadhav]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 84,492 |percentage = 36.54% |change = {{decrease}}0.55 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Harshvardhan Jadhav]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 66,291 |percentage = 28.67% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Udaysingh Rajput]] |party = Shiv Sena (UBT) |votes = 46,510 |percentage = 20.12% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Manoj Keshavrao Pawar |party = Independent politician |votes = 11,735 |percentage = 5.08% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ayas Makbul Shah |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 8,539 |percentage = 3.69% |change = {{decrease}}3.03 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chavhan Lakhan Rohidas |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 3,595 |percentage = 1.55% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abdul Javed Abdul Wahed |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,208 |percentage = 1.39% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sangita Ganesh Jadhav |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,764 |percentage = 0.76% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,093 |percentage = 0.47% |change = {{decrease}}0.54 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,201 |percentage = 7.87% |change = {{decrease}}0.88 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 232,302 |percentage = 69.70% |change = {{increase}}1.14 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 231,209}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 333,280 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.91 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |swing = {{decrease}}0.55 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 2019 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kannad <ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Udaysingh Rajput]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 79,225 |percentage = 37.09% |change = {{increase}}4.12 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Harshvardhan Jadhav]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 60,535 |percentage = 28.34% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kolhe Santosh Kisan |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 43,625 |percentage = 20.43% |change = {{decrease}}11.72 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Maruti Gulab Rathod |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 14,349 |percentage = 6.72% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kishor (Aaba) Narayanrao Pawar |party = Independent politician |votes = 10,614 |percentage = 4.97% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vitthalrao Narayan Thorat |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,247 |percentage = 1.52% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 2,167 |percentage = 1.01% |change = {{decrease}}0.09 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,690 |percentage = 8.75% |change = {{increase}}7.93 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 215,758 |percentage = 68.56% |change = {{increase}}0.38 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 213,583}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 314,679 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.82 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |swing = {{increase}}4.12 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 2014 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kannad <ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Harshvardhan Jadhav]] |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 62,542 |percentage = 32.97% |change = {{increase}}19.74 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Udaysingh Rajput]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 60,981 |percentage = 32.15% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Sanjay Gavhane |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 28,037 |percentage = 14.78% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Namdev Ramrao Pawar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,865 |percentage = 11.53% |change = {{decrease}}2.84 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rathod Maruti Gulabrao |party = Rashtriya Samaj Paksha |votes = 5,732 |percentage = 3.02% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Subhash Patil |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 3,602 |percentage = 1.90% |change = {{decrease}}25.08 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rathod Keshav Mansing |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,522 |percentage = 1.86% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 2,094 |percentage = 1.10% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,561 |percentage = 0.82% |change = {{decrease}}1.58 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 191,865 |percentage = 68.18% |change = {{increase}}1.72 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 189,687}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 281,425 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.43 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |swing = {{increase}}5.99 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 2009 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kannad <ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Harshvardhan Jadhav]] |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 46,106 |percentage = 26.98% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Udaysingh Rajput]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 41,999 |percentage = 24.57% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bharatsingh Shivsingh Rajput |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,561 |percentage = 14.37% |change = {{decrease}}6.36 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Namdev Ramrao Pawar |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 22,619 |percentage = 13.23% |change = {{decrease}}7.91 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Annasaheb Panditrao Shinde |party = Independent politician |votes = 19,829 |percentage = 11.60% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gajanan Ganpatrao Surase |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,304 |percentage = 1.35% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shaikh Yakub Mahemood |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,106 |percentage = 1.23% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Bharat Laxman |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,954 |percentage = 1.14% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,107 |percentage = 2.40% |change = {{increase}}1.99 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 170,914 |percentage = 66.46% |change = {{decrease}}6.95 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 170,911}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 257,180 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.99 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing = {{increase}}5.84 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 2004 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kannad }}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Namdev Ramrao Pawar |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 35,951 |percentage = 21.14% |change = {{decrease}}11.20 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nitin Suresh Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 35,251 |percentage = 20.73% |change = {{decrease}}12.79 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Harshvardhan Jadhav]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 34,278 |percentage = 20.16% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Udaysingh Rajput]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 33,789 |percentage = 19.87% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Uttamrao Balachand Rathod |party = Independent politician |votes = 12,821 |percentage = 7.54% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vilas Kishanrao More |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,717 |percentage = 4.54% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shaikh Yakub Shaikh Mehmood |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 4,708 |percentage = 2.77% |change = {{increase}}2.07 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chawan Yogeshwarrao Eknathrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,837 |percentage = 2.26% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 700 |percentage = 0.41% |change = {{decrease}}0.77 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 170,095 |percentage = 73.41% |change = {{increase}}4.94 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 170,056}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 231,705 |ref = |change = {{increase}}20.40 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}12.38 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1999 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kannad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Nitin Suresh Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 41,096 |percentage = 33.52% |change = {{decrease}}19.26 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Namdev Ramrao Pawar |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 39,651 |percentage = 32.34% |change = {{increase}}2.78 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Tejaswini Raibhan |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 39,548 |percentage = 32.25% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vitthalrao Narayan Thorat |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,470 |percentage = 1.20% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhosale Haridas Bajirao |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 853 |percentage = 0.70% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,445 |percentage = 1.18% |change = {{decrease}}22.04 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 131,761 |percentage = 68.47% |change = {{increase}}21.16 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 122,618}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 192,440 |ref = |change = {{increase}}2.09 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}19.26 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly By-election 1998 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1998 elections in India#Maharashtra|1998 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Kannad <ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/ByeElection/ByeFeb1998/Bye-June1998.htm |title=Bye-Election Results - Election Commission of India |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Tejaswini Raibhan |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 45,642 |percentage = 52.78% |change = {{increase}}18.14 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Subhash Patil |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 25,559 |percentage = 29.56% |change = {{increase}}12.72 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Uttamrao Rathod |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 15,037 |percentage = 17.39% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,083 |percentage = 23.22% |change = {{increase}}6.92 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 89,190 |percentage = 47.31% |change = {{decrease}}26.03 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 86,472}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 188,508 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}1.15 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}18.14 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1995 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kannad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Raibhan Rambhaji Jadhav |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 46,639 |percentage = 34.64% |change = {{increase}}8.38 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pawar Narayan Bajirao |party = Independent politician |votes = 24,692 |percentage = 18.34% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kolhe Kishan Budhaji |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 22,672 |percentage = 16.84% |change = {{decrease}}0.22 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jadhav Sitaram Jesu |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 19,702 |percentage = 14.63% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Kishor Patilba |party = Independent politician |votes = 12,393 |percentage = 9.20% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajput Narayansingh Budhsinh |party = Janata Dal |votes = 4,684 |percentage = 3.48% |change = {{decrease}}8.78 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Wagh Rameshrao Wamanrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,506 |percentage = 1.12% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 21,947 |percentage = 16.30% |change = {{increase}}9.75 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 139,859 |percentage = 73.34% |change = {{increase}}10.97 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 134,635}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 190,695 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.26 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}1.83 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1990 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kannad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Raibhan Rambhaji Jadhav |party = Independent politician |votes = 34,832 |percentage = 32.81% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kishor Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,875 |percentage = 26.26% |change = {{increase}}1.22 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Yeshwant Pawar |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 18,110 |percentage = 17.06% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kolhe Bhagaji Budhaji |party = Janata Dal |votes = 13,019 |percentage = 12.26% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Uttamrao Balachand Rathod |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,454 |percentage = 7.02% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vithalbai Madhavrao Khairnar |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,226 |percentage = 1.15% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kailas Manikrao Bodkhe |party = Independent politician |votes = 817 |percentage = 0.77% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,957 |percentage = 6.55% |change = {{decrease}}5.71 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 108,864 |percentage = 62.37% |change = {{increase}}3.16 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 106,148}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 174,538 |ref = |change = {{increase}}26.79 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian Congress (Socialist) |swing = {{decrease}}4.48 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1985 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kannad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kishore Patil Adhav |party = Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes = 29,462 |percentage = 37.29% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narayan Girmaji Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,778 |percentage = 25.04% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sudam Bala Jadhav |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 14,093 |percentage = 17.84% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Walmik Poma Chavan |party = Independent politician |votes = 10,171 |percentage = 12.88% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Syed Daud Syed Hayat |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,404 |percentage = 4.31% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dagdu Shravan |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,324 |percentage = 1.68% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jape Shasikant Raghunath |party = Independent politician |votes = 766 |percentage = 0.97% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,684 |percentage = 12.26% |change = {{decrease}}4.24 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 81,510 |percentage = 59.21% |change = {{increase}}7.48 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 78,998}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 137,661 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.22 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian Congress (Socialist) |loser = Indian National Congress (U) |swing = {{increase}}0.33 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1980 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kannad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Raibhan Rambhaji Jadhav |party = Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 23,144 |percentage = 36.96% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Baburao Manikrao |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 12,813 |percentage = 20.46% |change = {{increase}}3.11 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramrao Gangaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,606 |percentage = 12.15% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[T. S. Patil|Tukaram Shankar Patil]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 6,204 |percentage = 9.91% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Asaram Sakharam |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,354 |percentage = 6.95% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vishwanath Govindrao Nimbhorkar |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,031 |percentage = 6.44% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kanhiram Gurudayal |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,249 |percentage = 3.59% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dagdu Shravan Divekar |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,153 |percentage = 1.84% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,331 |percentage = 16.50% |change = {{increase}}5.84 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 64,603 |percentage = 51.73% |change = {{decrease}}11.28 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 62,621}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 124,895 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.24 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (U) |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}8.49 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1978 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kannad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[T. S. Patil|Tukaram Shankar Patil]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 31,450 |percentage = 45.45% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pandurang Shenphadu |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,075 |percentage = 34.79% |change = {{decrease}}20.86 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Asaram Sakharam |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 12,008 |percentage = 17.35% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhaginath Tatyarao Bhairav |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,668 |percentage = 2.41% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,375 |percentage = 10.66% |change = {{decrease}}0.63 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 72,043 |percentage = 63.01% |change = {{increase}}12.76 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 69,201}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 114,327 |ref = |change = {{increase}}19.35 }}<br />
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}10.20 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1972 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kannad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Narayan Girmaji Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 25,765 |percentage = 55.65% |change = {{decrease}}10.61 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tila Sajan |party = Samyukta Socialist Party |votes = 20,536 |percentage = 44.35% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,229 |percentage = 11.29% |change = {{decrease}}30.93 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 48,136 |percentage = 50.25% |change = {{increase}}6.03 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 46,301}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 95,792 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.58 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}10.61 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1967 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kannad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Narayan Girmaji Patil |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 22,731 |percentage = 66.26% |change = {{increase}}12.75 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Gurudayal |party = Independent politician |votes = 8,245 |percentage = 24.03% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. Mhasu |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,331 |percentage = 9.71% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,486 |percentage = 42.22% |change = {{increase}}5.70 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 37,299 |percentage = 44.22% |change = {{decrease}}8.80 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 34,307}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 84,341 |ref = |change = {{increase}}1.02 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}12.75 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1962 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kannad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kakasaheb Bhikanrao Deshmukh |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,926 |percentage = 53.51% |change = {{increase}}10.03 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kanhiram Gurudayal |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 6,959 |percentage = 16.98% |change = {{decrease}}17.18 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Girjaram Bapurao |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,259 |percentage = 15.27% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mishrilal Jawahirmal |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,834 |percentage = 14.24% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,967 |percentage = 36.52% |change = {{increase}}27.20 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 44,270 |percentage = 53.02% |change = {{increase}}13.69 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 40,978}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 83,489 |ref = |change = {{increase}}23.39 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}10.03 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1957 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Kannad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Baburao Manikrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 11,569 |percentage = 43.48% |change = {{decrease}}7.14 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kakasaheb Bhikanrao Deshmukh |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 9,089 |percentage = 34.16% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Shaikhlal |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,202 |percentage = 12.03% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Eknath Deoram |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,750 |percentage = 10.33% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,480 |percentage = 9.32% |change = {{increase}}8.07 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 26,610 |percentage = 39.33% |change = {{decrease}}6.73 }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 26,610}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 67,665 |ref = |change = {{increase}}24.92 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}7.14 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
=== Assembly Election 1952 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Kannad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Nawadar, Ramgopal Ramakishan |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 12,630 |percentage = 50.62% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kakasaheb Alias Tajpal |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 12,319 |percentage = 49.38% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 311 |percentage = 1.25% |change = }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 24,949 |percentage = 46.06% |change = }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 24,949}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 54,167 |ref = |change = }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Vaijapur]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}<br />
{{coord|20.27|75.13|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Aurangabad district (Maharashtra)|Assembly constituencies of Aurangabad district]]<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]<br />
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=M._Srinivas_(politician,_born_1945)&diff=514010M. Srinivas (politician, born 1945)2026-04-20T01:30:31Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: new basic info basic info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Indian patronymic|Srinivas|Manjappa}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| image =<br />
| name = M. Srinivas<br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date |df=yes|1945|1|30}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Narasimharajapura]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]] (Now [[Chikmagalur district]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]])<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| office7 = Member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Council]]<br />
| predecessor7 = <br />
| term_end7 = 14 June 2016<br />
| term_start7 = 15 June 2004<br />
| party = [[Janata Dal (Secular)]]<br />
| profession = Business (Industrialist)<br />
| spouse = Malini Srinivas<br />
| children = 2<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
| date = <br />
| year = <br />
| source = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Manjappa Srinivas''' (born 30 January 1945) is an Indian politician and former member of [[Karnataka Legislative Council]] from [[Janata Dal (Secular)]].<ref name="KLC">{{cite book|author=Karnataka Legislative Council|title=M. Srinivas|url=https://kla.kar.nic.in/mlc'list/Sri%20M%20Srinivas.htm|accessdate=10 October 2023|year=2003|publisher=Karnataka Legislative Council}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=Karnataka legislative council - Oath register | url=http://kla.kar.nic.in/council/LCmem1952tilldate.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121074757/http://kla.kar.nic.in/council/LCmem1952tilldate.pdf | archive-date=2015-01-21}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Srinivas, M}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1945 births]]<br />
[[Category:Janata Dal (Secular) politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Karnataka Legislative Council]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phatak_(surname)&diff=525346Phatak (surname)2026-04-19T16:24:20Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: Adding a entry</p>
<hr />
<div>{{hatnote|For the [[Ahir]] clan, see [[Phatak]].}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}<br />
{{Short description|Indian surname}}<br />
'''Phatak''' is a surname used by [[Chitpavan Brahmins]] of the [[Kaushik]] [[gotra]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rānaḍe |first1=Sadāśiva Bhāskara |author1-link=Sadashiv Ranade |title=Citpāvana Kauśika gotrī Phāṭaka-kula-vr̥ttānta |trans-title=The Phatak Family Genealogy belonging to the [[Chitpavan]] [[Kaushik]] [[Gotra]] |date=1982 |edition=1st |oclc=20671450 |language=Marathi}}{{Qn|date=November 2024}}</ref><ref name="Phatak">{{cite book |title=Citpāvana Kauśika gotrī Phāṭaka-kula-vr̥ttānta |date=2014 |publisher=Phatak Committee |location=[[Pune]] |language=Marathi|edition=2nd |trans-title=The Phatak Family Genealogy belonging to the [[Chitpavan]] [[Kaushik]] [[Gotra]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== People ==<br />
*[[Ashutosh Phatak]], Indian music composer<br />
*[[Balkrishna Phatak]], war secretary during the [[Maratha confederacy|Peshwai]]<br />
*[[Deepak B. Phatak]] (b. 1948), Indian computer scientist<br />
*[[Chimnaji Phatak]], aide-de-camp during the [[Maratha confederacy|Peshwai]]<br />
*[[Jairaj Phatak]], Indian [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer<br />
*[[Narahar Raghunath Phatak]] (1893–1979), Indian biographer and literary critic<br />
*[[Ramachandra Krishanji Phatak]] (1917–2002), [[Marathi language|Marathi]] music composer and singer<br />
*[[Ravindra Phatak]], Indian politician for [[Shiv Sena]]<br />
<br />
=== Groups ===<br />
* [[Phatak]], a clan of the [[Ahir]] community of the [[kshatriya]] caste<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
*{{look from}}<br />
*{{in title}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Surname}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi-language surnames]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thanesar_Assembly_constituency&diff=540262Thanesar Assembly constituency2026-04-15T23:51:55Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: added</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Haryana State, India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
|name = Thanesar<br />
|type= SLA <br />
| map_image = Thanesar Assembly constituency map.svg<br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
|alliance = <!--Name of the current MLA's party alliance. Leave blank for former constituencies--><br />
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
|region = <br />
|division = <br />
|constituency_no = 13 <br />
|established = <!-- year of establishment --><br />
|abolished = <!-- year abolished --><br />
<br />
| mla = [[Ashok Kumar Arora]]<br />
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| state = [[Haryana]]<br />
| district = [[Kurukshetra district|Kurukshetra]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Kurukshetra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kurukshetra]]<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| electors = 2,17,381<br />
}}<br />
'''Thanesar Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Haryana]] state in [[India]].<ref name=eci1>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=The Election Commission of India |pages=6, 148–157}}</ref><br />
<br />
It is part of [[Kurukshetra district|Kurukshetra]] district.<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thanesar Assembly constituency Election Result 2024 - Candidates, MLAs, Live Updates & News |url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/thanesar.html |access-date= |website=www.elections.in}}</ref><br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
|- <br />
| [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || D. Prakash || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]] || rowspan=2 | Om Parkash <br />
|- <br />
| [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br />
|- <br />
| [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || Devendra Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || Sahab Singh Saini || {{Full party name with color|Lokdal|rowspan=2}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || Gurdial Singh Saini <br />
|- <br />
| 1989^ || Devendra Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || Ram Parkash <br />
|- <br />
| [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || rowspan=2 | [[Ashok Kumar Arora|Ashok Arora]]|| {{Full party name with color|Samata Party}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]] || Ramesh Gupta || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || [[Ashok Kumar Arora|Ashok Arora]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || rowspan=2 | [[Subhash Sudha]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
|[[Ashok Kumar Arora|Ashok Arora]]<br />
|{{Full party name with color |Indian National Congress}} <br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
===Assembly Election 2024===<br />
{{Election box begin|<br />
|title=[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanesar<ref name="Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Thanesar">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Thanesar |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-S0713.htm |accessdate=27 October 2024 |date=8 October 2024}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ashok Kumar Arora]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=70,076 |percentage=48.93% |change={{increase}}6.55 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Subhash Sudha]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=66,833 |percentage=46.67% |change={{increase}}3.63 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishan Bajaj |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=2,948 |percentage=2.06% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tanuja |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,709 |percentage=1.19% |change={{increase}}0.02 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=798 |percentage=0.56% |change={{decrease}}0.18 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,243 |percentage=2.26% |change= {{increase}}1.61 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,43,212 |percentage=65.57% |change= {{decrease}}1.56 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,17,381 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.16 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}5.90 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2019 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanesar<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate= 2 February 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Subhash Sudha]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=55,759 |percentage=43.03% |change=-9.83% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Kumar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=54,917 |percentage=42.38% |change=31.69% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parveen Choudhary |party=Independent politician |votes=11,939 |percentage=9.21% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yogesh Kumar |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=2,012 |percentage=1.55% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Naveen Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,519 |percentage=1.17% |change=0.47% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=951 |percentage=0.73% |change=0.23% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kalawati |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=734 |percentage=0.57% |change=-32.39% }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=842 |percentage=0.65% |change=-19.26% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,29,573 |percentage=67.13% |change= -8.42% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,93,017 |change =13.25% }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= -9.83% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2014 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanesar}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Subhash Sudha]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=68,080 |percentage=52.87% |change=49.05% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Kumar |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=42,442 |percentage=32.96% |change=0.14% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pawan Garg |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,769 |percentage=10.69% |change=-12.92% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh Sharma |party=Haryana Jan Chetna Party (V) |votes=1,017 |percentage=0.79% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashwani Malhotra |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=909 |percentage=0.71% |change=-4.12% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=655 |percentage=0.51% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=25,638 |percentage=19.91% |change=10.70% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,28,775 |percentage=75.56% |change= 1.99% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,70,438 |change =39.42% }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= 20.05% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2009 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanesar}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Kumar |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=29,516 |percentage=32.82% |change=-2.33% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramesh Gupta |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,231 |percentage=23.61% |change=-24.24% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Subhash Sudha]] |party=Independent politician |votes=17,025 |percentage=18.93% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balkar Singh |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=12,323 |percentage=13.70% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devendra Sharma |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=4,339 |percentage=4.82% |change=3.27% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishan Bajaj |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,437 |percentage=3.82% |change=-7.04% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramesh Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=606 |percentage=0.67% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,285 |percentage=9.21% |change=-3.48% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=89,929 |percentage=73.57% |change= -0.33% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,22,244 |change =-22.44% }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -15.03% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2005 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanesar}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramesh Kumar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=55,729 |percentage=47.85% |change=14.23% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Kumar |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=40,943 |percentage=35.15% |change=-13.49% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gurdial Singh Saini |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=12,656 |percentage=10.87% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harpal Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,814 |percentage=1.56% |change=0.29% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sutender Gaur |party=Bharatiya Republican Paksha |votes=1,431 |percentage=1.23% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Som Nath |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,326 |percentage=1.14% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bal Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=934 |percentage=0.80% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Govind Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=821 |percentage=0.70% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,786 |percentage=12.70% |change=-2.33% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,16,465 |percentage=73.89% |change= 4.37% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,57,609 |change =19.26% }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= -0.79% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2000 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanesar}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Kumar |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=44,678 |percentage=48.64% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shashi Saini |party=Indian National Congress |votes=30,877 |percentage=33.62% |change=20.80% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kaka Jatinder Singh |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=11,494 |percentage=12.51% |change=-5.40% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bashir Ahmed Khan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,446 |percentage=1.57% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kamlesh Dhiman |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,166 |percentage=1.27% |change=-0.47% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=829 |percentage=0.90% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Kumar Moudgil |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=516 |percentage=0.56% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karnail Singh Saini |party=Independent politician |votes=502 |percentage=0.55% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,801 |percentage=15.03% |change=9.97% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=91,847 |percentage=69.52% |change= -6.83% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,32,154 |change =-2.34% }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Samata Party |swing= 14.99% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1996 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanesar}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Kumar |party=Samata Party |votes=25,175 |percentage=25.57% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramesh Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=20,200 |percentage=20.51% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sahab Singh |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=17,640 |percentage=17.91% |change=-2.80% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pawan Garg |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,626 |percentage=12.82% |change=-20.83% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Parkash |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=11,068 |percentage=11.24% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Siri Parkash Mishra |party=Independent politician |votes=5,248 |percentage=5.33% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kulwant Singh Saini |party=Janata Dal |votes=1,731 |percentage=1.76% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baldev Singh Saini |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,714 |percentage=1.74% |change=-0.45% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhash Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=1,461 |percentage=1.48% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,975 |percentage=5.05% |change=-3.22% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=98,471 |percentage=76.35% |change= 8.97% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,35,322 |change =21.78% }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Samata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -8.08% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1991 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanesar}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Parkash |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,471 |percentage=33.65% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Kumar |party=Janata Party |votes=18,458 |percentage=25.38% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sahab Singh |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=15,064 |percentage=20.71% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Atam Parkash |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=10,477 |percentage=14.41% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,590 |percentage=2.19% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manga Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=943 |percentage=1.30% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Pal |party=Independent politician |votes=445 |percentage=0.61% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,013 |percentage=8.27% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=72,722 |percentage=67.38% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,11,123 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly By-election 1989 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Haryana Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Thanesar}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Sharma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=30,414 |percentage= |change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Kumar S/O M.Raj |party=Janata Dal |votes=30,290 |percentage= |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=F. Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=396 |percentage= |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=345 |percentage= |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=285 |percentage= |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Nath |party=Independent politician |votes=234 |percentage= |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Deba |party=Independent politician |votes=154 |percentage= |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Pal |party=Independent politician |votes=144 |percentage= |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=143 |percentage= |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Mohan |party=Independent politician |votes=135 |percentage= |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=94 |percentage= |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=124 |percentage= |change= }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Lokdal |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1987 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanesar}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Gurdial Singh |party=Lokdal |votes=35,585 |percentage=55.16% |change=11.93% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sahab Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,961 |percentage=20.09% |change=-19.00% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nathi Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=3,924 |percentage=6.08% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhim Chawla |party=Independent politician |votes=3,798 |percentage=5.89% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishna Kumar Bajaj |party=Independent politician |votes=3,383 |percentage=5.24% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phool Chand Goyal |party=Janata Party |votes=2,416 |percentage=3.75% |change=-8.41% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Des Raj |party=Independent politician |votes=776 |percentage=1.20% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=22,624 |percentage=35.07% |change=30.93% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=64,507 |percentage=69.30% |change= -2.77% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 94,239 |change =25.98% }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Lokdal |swing= 11.93% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1982 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanesar}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sahab Singh |party=Lokdal |votes=22,893 |percentage=43.23% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,698 |percentage=39.09% |change=9.17% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phool Chand |party=Janata Party |votes=6,437 |percentage=12.16% |change=-57.03% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rameshwar Dass |party=Independent politician |votes=1,188 |percentage=2.24% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Durga Prashad |party=Independent politician |votes=500 |percentage=0.94% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chuhar Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=405 |percentage=0.76% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kura |party=Independent politician |votes=390 |percentage=0.74% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,195 |percentage=4.15% |change=-35.13% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=52,951 |percentage=72.06% |change= 1.55% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 74,802 |change =28.82% }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Janata Party |swing= -25.96% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1977 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanesar}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Devendra Sharma |party=Janata Party |votes=28,044 |percentage=69.19% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Prakash |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,126 |percentage=29.92% |change=-18.05% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Nath |party=Independent politician |votes=202 |percentage=0.50% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,918 |percentage=39.27% |change=34.16% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=40,532 |percentage=70.52% |change= -5.39% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 58,068 |change =-0.47% }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 21.22% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1972 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanesar}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,657 |percentage=47.96% |change=-0.09% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Saran Das |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=18,454 |percentage=42.85% |change=-3.93% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Muthra |party=Independent politician |votes=2,189 |percentage=5.08% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mihan Singh |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes=1,584 |percentage=3.68% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ishak Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=183 |percentage=0.42% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,203 |percentage=5.12% |change=3.84% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=43,067 |percentage=75.91% |change= 15.48% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 58,342 |change =13.85% }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -0.09% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1968 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanesar}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,473 |percentage=48.05% |change=-4.43% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Saran Das |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=14,089 |percentage=46.78% |change=5.08% }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishan Chand |party=Republican Party of India |votes=1,558 |percentage=5.17% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=384 |percentage=1.27% |change=-9.52% }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=30,120 |percentage=60.42% |change= -17.15% }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 51,244 |change =5.24% }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -4.43% }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1967 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Thanesar}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Prakash |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,659 |percentage=52.49% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Singh |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=14,822 |percentage=41.69% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=843 |percentage=2.37% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=793 |percentage=2.23% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Sawarup |party=Sanghata Socialist Party |votes=434 |percentage=1.22% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,837 |percentage=10.79% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=35,551 |percentage=77.57% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 48,691 |change = }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]<br />
* [[Kurukshetra district]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Haryana constituencies}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|29.97|76.82|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kurukshetra district]]<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]<br />
[[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anantapur_Assembly_constituency&diff=486336Anantapur Assembly constituency2026-04-14T03:15:02Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: put up first entry w/ sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Defunct Legislative Assembly constituency in Andhra Pradesh, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Anantapur<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| map_image = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| district = [[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]<br />
| division = <br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Anantapur Lok Sabha constituency|Anantapur]]<br />
| constituency_no = <br />
| established = 1951<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| abolished = 2008<br />
| electors = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Anantapur Assembly constituency''' was an assembly constituency of the [[Madras Legislative Assembly]] until 1953 and of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[India]] after 1953. It was one of constituencies in the [[Anantapur district]].<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
It was part of [[Anantapur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ECI">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf Lok Sabha Constituencies and Assembly constituencies of India - Delimitation Order, 2008] - Election Commission of India</ref><br />
<br />
Constituency Details of Anantapur Assembly constituency:<ref name="an ref2">{{Cite news |title=Anantapur Urban Assembly Election Results 2019 Live: Anantapur Urban Constituency (Seat) Election Results, Live News. |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2019/andhra-pradesh/anantapur-urban-election-result-s01a153/ |access-date=2 December 2021 |publisher=News18}}</ref><br />
<br />
* Country: India.<br />
* State: Andhra Pradesh.<br />
* District: Anantapur district.<br />
* Region: Rayalaseema.<br />
* Seat: Unreserved.<br />
* Eligible Electors as per 2019 General Elections: 2,55,682 Eligible Electors. Male Electors: 1,26,711. Female Electors: 1,28,924.<br />
<br />
== Members of Legislative Assembly ==<br />
<br />
=== Madras State ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan="2" | Political party<br />
|-<br />
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br />
| [[T. Nagi Reddy]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4100-madras-1951/ | title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1951 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF MADRAS | work=Election Commission of India | access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/1st_1952/Review_1-52-57.pdf | title=MADRAS LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY 1952-1957 A REVIEW | work=Legislative Assembly Department Madras-2 | access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Andhra State===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan="2" | Political party<br />
|-<br />
| [[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election|1955]]<br />
| P. Anthony Reddy<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4042-andhra-pradesh-1955/?do=download&r=9588&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=509ce4a0803d5875525ecf5c936087d5 | title=andhra pradesh LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY 1955 | work=Election Commission of India | access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/1st_1952/Review_1-52-57.pdf | title=MADRAS LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY 1952-1957 A REVIEW | work=Legislative Assembly Department Madras-2 | access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://elections.traceall.in/vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/anantapur-in-Andhra-Pradesh | title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results (constituency Wise) | work=traceall.in | access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref><br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Andhra Pradesh===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan="2" | Political party<br />
|-<br />
| [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br />
| P. Anthony Reddy<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
| [[T. Pallem Venkatesan ]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |<br />
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br />
| Anantha Venkatareddy<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]<br />
| B. T. L. N. Chowary<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1978-election-results.html | title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results 1978 | work=elections.in | access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref><br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]<br />
| D. Narayanaswamy<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br />
| N. Ramakrishna<br />
|-<br />
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br />
| Bodimalla Narayana Reddy<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]<br />
| [[K. Ramakrishna]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<br />
| rowspan=2 |Bodimalla Narayana Reddy<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
===2004===<br />
{{Election box begin | title= [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anantapur<ref name=election2004>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4053-andhra-pradesh-2004/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2004 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 18 May 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Bodimalla Narayana Reddy<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:}}<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
<!--<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = <br />
|party = <br />
|votes = {{formatnum:}}<br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
--><br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = <br />
|percentage = <br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = Indian National Congress<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}<br />
<br />
{{Coord|14.67|77.60|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Anantapur district]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br />
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]<br />
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]<br />
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohd_Israil&diff=518237Mohd Israil2026-04-11T09:16:21Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: new first post from scratch - done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = Mohd Israil<br />
| office = [[MLA (India)|Member of the]] [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| term_start = 8 October 2024<br />
| birth_place = [[Hathin]], [[Haryana]], [[India]]<br />
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br />
| image =<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Chaudhary]]<br />
| constituency = [[Hathin Assembly constituency|Hathin]]<br />
| caption = Israil in 2024<br />
| parents = [[Jaleb Khan]] (Father)<br />
| predecessor = [[Praveen Dagar]] <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Chaudhary Mohd Israil''' is an Indian politician who is a current member of the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Hathin Assembly constituency|Hathin constituency]] of the [[Palwal district]] of [[Haryana]]. He was elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the]] [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Hathin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Hathin constituency]] in the [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Hathin, Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: INC's Mohd Israil with 79907 defeats BJP's Manoj Kumar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/hathin-haryana-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-aelb-2612858-2024-10-08 |access-date=8 October 2024 |website=[[India Today]]|date=8 October 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2024 |title=Hathin, Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: INC's Mohd Israil defeats BJP's Manoj Kumar with 32396 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/hathin-haryana-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-aelb-2612858-2024-10-08 |access-date=8 October 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2024 |title=Hathin Election Result 2024 LIVE Update: Assembly Winner, Leading, MLA, Margin, Candidates |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/hathin-election-result-2024-live-update-9077369.html |access-date=8 October 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs">{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|title=A look at Haryana's 40 first-time MLAs|date=2 December 2024|accessdate=4 July 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250704171938/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|archivedate=4 July 2025|publisher=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Chaudhary Mohd Israil was born to [[Chaudhary]] [[Jaleb Khan]] in the village of Kot/Uttawar [[Hathin]], Haryana. Israil has a younger brothers (Mohd Sajid Khan) who is serving as Deputy Superintendent of Jail in [[Haryana Police]]. He is an [[Meo (ethnic group)|Ethnic Meo]] belonging to the [[Meo (ethnic group)#Pals and Gotras|Chhirkalot pal]]. His father was a famous [[Chaudhary]] in the [[Mewat|Mewat region]] of [[Haryana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Mohammad Israil(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- HATHIN(PALWAL) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/haryana2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=8021 |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=MyNeta.info}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Political career ==<br />
Mohd Israil contested his first election in the [[Hathin Assembly constituency|Hathin constituency]] after the death of his father in 2019 under the [[Indian National Congress]], where he lost to [[Praveen Dagar|Parveen dagar]] by a margin of 2887 votes. In 2024, he re-contested where he won his first election from the same seat. Chaudhary Mohd Israil an alumnus of [[Jamia Millia Islamia]], [[University]] [[New Delhi]], won the [[Hathin|Hathin assembly]] seat in [[Haryana]] by a margin of 32396 votes. Mohd Israil defeated Manoj Kumar Rawat of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janta party]]. He got a total of 79907 votes. This is the biggest margin on this seat since 1967 and after 34 years the [[Indian National Congress|Congress candidate]] has won this assembly seat.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Jaleb Khan]]<br />
* [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]<br />
* [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://www.facebook.com/Israilhathin/ Mohd Israil] at [[Facebook]]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Israil, Mohd}}<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2024–2029]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
<br />
{{Haryana-INC-politician-stub}}</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kilimarathukavu_Temple&diff=509924Kilimarathukavu Temple2026-03-28T23:34:47Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: added a location</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Hindu temple in Kerala, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox Hindu temple<br />
| name = Kilimarathukavu Temple<br />
| image = Kilimarathukavu.jpg<br />
| caption = The main temple <br />
| map_type = India Kerala<br />
| map_caption = Kilimarathukavu Temple, [[Kadakkal]], [[Kollam district|Kollam]], Kerala<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|8|49|44.3|N|76|55|14.6|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kilimarathukavu_Temple&params=8_49_44.3_N_76_55_14.6_E_type:landmark_region:IN]<br />
| native_name = കിളിമരത്തുകാവ് ക്ഷേത്രം<br />
| country = India<br />
| state = [[Kerala]]<br />
| district = [[Kollam district|Kollam]]<br />
| location = [[Kadakkal]]<br />
| elevation_m = 150<br />
| deity = [[Shiva]] <br />
| festivals = [[Shivaratri]], [[Surasamharam|Skanda Shashti]], [[Navaratri]], [[Hanuman Jayanti]]<br />
| architecture = Traditional Kerala style<br />
| temple_quantity = One<br />
| monument_quantity = As per traditional vastushastra <br />
| inscriptions = <br />
| year_completed = Records indicate the temple is thousands of years old. Renovated in the 21st century.<br />
| creator = <br />
| governing_body = [[Travancore Devaswom Board]]<br />
| website = [http://www.kilimarathukavu.com/ www.kilimarathukavu.com]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Kilimarathukavu Shiva Parvathy Temple''' is a Hindu temple located in [[Kadakkal]] Kollam district, Kerala, India. The temple deities include the [[cult image]]s of 'Dharma Shastha', and an [[epithet]] of [[Ayyappan]] is also present within the temple.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://templesofkerala.org/kollam/kilimarathukavutemple.html |title=Kilimarathukavu Temple Kadakkal |website=templesofkerala.org |access-date=12 November 2024}}</ref> Kilimarathukavu Temple was taken over by the [[Travancore Devaswom Board]] under Government of Kerala in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Travancore Devaswom Board – Travancore Devaswom Board |url=https://travancoredevaswomboard.org/about/ |access-date=2025-12-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
[[File:Kilimarathukavu Old.jpg|thumb|Kilimarathukavu temple compound before renovation]]<br />
<br />
Kilimarathukavu Temple is believed to be an ancient temple that was destroyed, leaving only idols behind.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=ashish |date=29 May 2020 |title=Kilimarathukavu Temple in Kerala – Kilimarathukavu Temple Pooja Timing, Location |url=https://tours.sacredyatra.com/temples/kilimarathukavu-temple-kollam-kerala/ |access-date=30 May 2025 |website=Religious & Pilgrimage Tour Packages}}</ref> A new temple was constructed sometime in the 21st century.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
== Temple legend ==<br />
As requested by [[Parvati]], [[Shiva]] came Infront of Arjuna disguised as a tribal man, and Parvati as a tribal woman. Same time an [[asura]] in the form of a pig was sent by [[Duryodhana]] to kill Arjuna. Arjuna and Shiva (in his disguise) shot the monster with their arrows. During the ensuing argument, Arjuna struck the tribal man (Shiva in disguise) with his [[Bow (archery)|bow]]. [[Parvati]] stopped him and revealed the man's true identity. Hearing this, Arjuna did the [[Sashtanga Namaskara]], and Shiva gifted him the [[Pashupatastra]] and blessed him. Several other Hindu deities, including [[Ganapathy]], [[Murugan]], [[Shasta (deity)|Shastha]], and [[Hanuman|Anjaneyan]], also joined the scene. Shiva, satisfied with Arjuna's devotion told him, "The place where we are now is very sacred, and whoever comes here for prayer shall be blessed". Upon saying this [[Shiva]] disappeared and a [[Lingam|Shivalingam]] appeared in his place. Today, the two [[Lingam|Shivalingams]] in this temple are worshipped by devotees.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kilimarathukavu Siva Parvathy Temple |url=https://www.kilimarathukavu.com/about |access-date=12 November 2024 |website=www.kilimarathukavu.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Deities==<br />
<br />
The temple has two Shiva [[Deity|deities]]: Shiva and Mahanadan.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==Festivals==<br />
<br />
[[File:Navarathri.jpg|thumb|right|Navaratri Pooja]]<br />
<br />
* [[Maha Shivaratri]] on [[Aquarius (astrology)|Kumbham]], [[Malayalam calendar]].<br />
* [[Navaratri]] on [[Virgo (astrology)|Kanni]], [[Malayalam calendar]].<br />
* Skandha Shashti on [[Libra (astrology)|Thulam]], [[Malayalam calendar]].<br />
* Mandalapooja [[Makaravilakku]] on [[Scorpio (astrology)|Vrischika]], [[Malayalam calendar]].<br />
* [[Hanuman Jayanti]] on [[Aries (astrology)|Medam]], [[Malayalam calendar]].<br />
[[File:Skandhashashti.jpg|thumb|right|Skandha Shashti]]<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindudevotionalblog.com/2017/01/kilimarthukava-temple-kadakkal-kerala.html |title=Kilimarthukava Temple Kadakkal Kerala |website=hindudevotionalblog.com |access-date=12 November 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
* [[Guruvayoorappan]]<br />
* [[Kadakkal Devi Temple]]<br />
* [[Kulathupuzha Sastha Temple]]<br />
* [[Sabarimala]]<br />
* [[Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple|Sri Padmanabhaswami Temple]]<br />
* [[Temples of Kerala|Hindu temples of Kerala]]<br />
* [[Chottanikkara Temple|Chottanikara Bhagavathy Amman Temple]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
* [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kilimarathukavu_Temple&params=8_49_44.3_N_76_55_14.6_E_type:landmark_region:IN GeoHack – Kilimarathukavu Temple]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qj2vSzu8Rt0 Sathya Sai Veda Vahini – Inauguration of Veda Patana Kendram -Kadakkal], YouTube video showing the temple (not in English language)<br />
* [http://www.kilimarathukavu.com/ Official site of Kilimarathukavu Temple]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hindu temples in Kollam district]]<br />
[[Category:Shiva temples in India]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu festivals in Kerala]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohan_Agashe&diff=473348Mohan Agashe2026-03-28T08:06:47Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: quick improved information per sources further and updated info</p>
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<div>{{short description|Indian psychiatrist and actor (born 1947)|bot=PearBOT 5}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Mohan Agashe<br />
| image = Mohan Agashe O1.jpg<br />
| alt = Mohan Agashe looking at camera<br />
| caption = Agashe in 2013<br />
| imagesize = <br />
| birth_name = Mohan Mahadeo Agashe<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y |1947|7|23}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Bhor]],<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195644463.001.0001/acref-9780195644463-e-0006?rskey=e1n7Ox&result=5&q= |title=Oxford Reference |isbn=978-0-19-564446-3 |access-date=1 April 2013 |archive-date=11 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011170419/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195644463.001.0001/acref-9780195644463-e-0006?rskey=e1n7Ox&result=5&q= |url-status=live |last1=Lal |first1=Ananda |year=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref> [[Bombay Province]], [[British India]]<br />
| death_date = <br />
| death_place = <br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|psychiatrist}}<br />
| networth = <br />
| yearsactive = <br />
| othername = <br />
| spouse = <br />
| children = <br />
| website =<br />
| awards = {{ubl|[[Padma Shri]] (1990)|[[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] (1996)|[[Goethe Medal]] (2004)}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dr. Mohan Agashe''' (born 23 July 1947)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/born-free----------------------------------------------------------------/209670/|title=BORN FREE – Indian Express|last=Mehta|first=Sunanda|date=11 August 2007|website=archive.indianexpress.com|access-date=22 March 2019|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011170417/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/born-free----------------------------------------------------------------/209670/|url-status=live}}</ref> is an Indian psychiatrist and actor. He was awarded the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in 1996 in theatre.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/Awardees.php?section=all&awtype=&page=6|title=List of Awardees|website=sangeetnatak.gov.in|access-date=2019-03-22|archive-date=31 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331043913/http://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/Awardees.php?section=all&awtype=&page=6|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Agashe was born in [[Bhor]], [[Maharashtra]]. He studied in [[B. J. Medical College, Pune]] for his [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]] and [[Doctor of Medicine#India|MD]] degree in psychiatry.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanetkar |first=Riddhima |title=Meet man, psychiatrist-turned-actor, who became overnight star after debut, worked with Smita Patil in National Award-winning film, his name is... |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-meet-man-mohan-agashe-psychiatrist-turned-actor-who-overnight-star-after-debut-worked-with-smita-patil-in-national-award-winning-film-his-name-is-3171884 |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> He later became a professor, before becoming an actor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/doctor-of-human-emotions|title=Doctor of human emotions|last=Sengupta|first=Meenakshi|date=1 December 2018|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-22|archive-date=22 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322074600/https://telanganatoday.com/doctor-of-human-emotions|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
=== Medicine ===<br />
Agashe served as a professor of psychiatry at the [[B. J. Medical College, Pune|B. J. Medical College]] and [[Sassoon Hospital]] in [[Pune]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6AkE52aoFvoC&q=Professor+of+Psychiatry+at+the+B.+J.+Medical+College+mohan+agashe&pg=PA353|title=World Mental Health: Problems and Priorities in Low-income Countries|last1=Desjarlais|first1=Robert|last2=Eisenberg|first2=Leon|date=1995|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-511311-2|pages=354|language=en|access-date=18 January 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011170401/https://books.google.com/books?id=6AkE52aoFvoC&lpg=PA353&dq=Professor+of+Psychiatry+at+the+B.+J.+Medical+College+mohan+agashe&pg=PA353&hl=en#v=onepage&q=Professor%20of%20Psychiatry%20at%20the%20B.%20J.%20Medical%20College%20mohan%20agashe&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> Apart from his medical career, he also worked in the fields of clinical psychology and [[psychopharmacology]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-06 |title=Mohan Agashe - History Literature Festival |url=https://historylitfest.com/Speakers/mohan-agashe/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |language=en}}</ref> Agashe was also instrumental in establishing the Maharashtra Institute of Mental Health in 1991, a state level training and research institute in mental health sciences, located in [[Pune]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/living-longer-may-not-necessarily-be-a-boon/article23409061.ece|title=Living longer may not necessarily be a boon|last=Rajagopal|first=Shyama|date=2 April 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-03-25|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Agashe headed the five-year study on the trauma of the [[1993 Latur earthquake]], initiated by the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/living/story/19961130-latur-earthquake-three-years-after-tragedy-lives-of-survivors-still-under-siege-834152-1996-11-30|title=Latur earthquake: Three years after tragedy, lives of survivors still under siege|last=Menon|first=Ramesh|date=30 November 1996|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-03-25|archive-date=25 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325111351/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/living/story/19961130-latur-earthquake-three-years-after-tragedy-lives-of-survivors-still-under-siege-834152-1996-11-30|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
During his early career, Agashe worked in a government hospital at [[Pune]]. He also chaired the organising committee meetings for the Annual National Conference of [[Indian Psychiatric Society]] held at [[Armed Forces Medical College (India)|Armed Forces Medical College, Pune]]. In 1998, Agashe's project to improve mental health education and service led to the formation of a new policy on mental education by the [[Government of Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Directors |url=https://mimhpune.org/directors.php#:~:text=In%201998,%20his%20project%20to%20improve%20mental,mental%20education%20by%20the%20Government%20of%20Maharashtra. |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=mimhpune.org}}</ref> He has also served as an Advisor to the [[Government of Maharashtra]] on Mental Health Education and Service.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Mohan Agashe {{!}} Medtalks |url=https://hcp.medtalks.in/user/mrmohanagashe |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251013092457/https://hcp.medtalks.in/user/mrmohanagashe |archive-date=2025-10-13 |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=hcp.medtalks.in |language=en}}</ref> Agashe is presently the [[Principal Investigator|principal investigator]] for an Indo–US joint project on Cultural Disorders of Fatigue and Weaknesses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meeting dear friend Mohan Agashe once again |url=https://www.theweek.in/columns/Shobhaa-De/2023/08/19/meeting-dear-friend-mohan-agashe-once-again.html |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Acting ===<br />
Agashe started out as a theatre artist through [[Sai Paranjpye|Sai Paranjape's]] children's play.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/kolhapur-western-maharashtra-news/kolhapur/dr-mohan-agashe-to-be-honored-by-prestigious-bhave-medal/articleshow/66090828.cms|title=डॉ. मोहन आगाशे यांना भावे पदक|date=6 October 2018|website=Maharashtra Times|language=mr|access-date=2019-04-07|archive-date=7 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407145007/https://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/kolhapur-western-maharashtra-news/kolhapur/dr-mohan-agashe-to-be-honored-by-prestigious-bhave-medal/articleshow/66090828.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Apart from his career in the medical profession, Mohan Agashe was also quite fond of acting. His love of acting made him take time out of his busy schedule to work in plays. He started his career in acting by working in the theatre. From April 1997 to April 2002, he was the Director General of the [[Film and Television Institute of India]], Pune.<ref name=":0" /> He was part of a play called ''Jara Samjhun Ghya (translation: Try to understand a bit),'' which he presented for [[Indian Medical Association|IMA's]] awareness drive to strength doctor-patient relationship in Pune.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/ima-to-conduct-awareness-drive-to-strength-doctor-patient-relationship-in-pune/story-EGtfEj5e8VbSnDDQIVrOSJ.html|title=IMA to conduct awareness drive to strength doctor-patient relationship in Pune|last=Sayyed|first=Nozia|date=3 February 2019|website=The Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-04-07|archive-date=7 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407145010/https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/ima-to-conduct-awareness-drive-to-strength-doctor-patient-relationship-in-pune/story-EGtfEj5e8VbSnDDQIVrOSJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, he was also part of a Harry Potter spoof video by [[Bharatiya Digital Party]], where he portrayed Bumbledore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/886387/meet-hari-potdar-hagrat-mama-and-bumbledore-from-the-new-pune-branch-of-hogwarts|title=Meet Hari Potdar, Hagrat Mama and Bumbledore from the new Pune branch of Hogwarts|date=13 July 2018|website=Scroll|access-date=7 April 2019|archive-date=7 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407145007/https://scroll.in/reel/886387/meet-hari-potdar-hagrat-mama-and-bumbledore-from-the-new-pune-branch-of-hogwarts|url-status=live}}</ref> He was also part of a short film ''#PuranaPyaar,'' by Gorilla Shorts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mensxp.com/brands/gorilla-shorts/45452-in-these-stressful-times-this-funny-and-beautiful-short-film-on-elderly-love-is-winning-the-internet.html|title=In These Stressful Times, This Funny And Beautiful Short Film On Elderly Love Is Winning The Internet|last=Khanna|first=Nupur|date=18 June 2018|website=MensXP|access-date=7 April 2019|archive-date=7 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407145008/https://www.mensxp.com/brands/gorilla-shorts/45452-in-these-stressful-times-this-funny-and-beautiful-short-film-on-elderly-love-is-winning-the-internet.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
[[File:Mohan and Lillete performing in a play Aadhe Adhoore in Bharat Bhavan Bhopal.jpg|thumb|Mohan Agashe and [[Lillete Dubey]] performing in the play Aadhe Adhoore, written by [[Mohan Rakesh]]]]<br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
=== Films ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role!! Language <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|1975<br />
| ''[[Samna (film)|Samna]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Samna (1975) – IMDb |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0192566/characters/nm0012881 |access-date=2019-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408152037/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0192566/characters/nm0012881 |url-status=live |archive-date=8 April 2019}}</ref>''<br />
| Maruti Kamble<br />
|Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nishaant|Nishant]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-10-04 |title=Nishant (1975) |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Nishant-1975/article12544822.ece |url-status=live |access-date=2019-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518030926/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/nishant-1975/article3965004.ece |archive-date=18 May 2014 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>''<br />
| Prasad (Zamindar's brother)<br />
| rowspan="4" |Hindi <br />
|-<br />
| 1976<br />
| ''[[Manthan]]''<br />
| [[Deshmukh]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3| 1977<br />
| ''Smothered Voices''<br />
|Homi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Bhumika (film)|Bhumika]]''<br />
|Siddharth Sutar<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jait Re Jait]]''<br />
| Nagya (Bhagat)<br />
|Marathi <br />
|-<br />
| 1978<br />
| ''[[Hungama Bombay Ishtyle]]''<br />
|Jaggu Dada<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3| 1980<br />
| ''[[Sinhasan]]''<br />
| Budhajirao<br />
|Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aakrosh (1980 film)|Aakrosh]]''<br />
| Bhonsle, President of the City Council<br />
|Hindi <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Sea Wolves]]''<br />
| Brothel Keeper<br />
|English<br />
|-<br />
| 1981<br />
| ''[[Sadgati]]''<br />
| The Brahmin<br />
| rowspan="4" |Hindi<br />
|-<br />
| 1982<br />
| ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]''<br />
| Tyeb Mohammed's friend<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 1984<br />
| ''[[Mashaal]]''<br />
| Keshav<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Paar (film)|Paar]]''<br />
| Hari Singh<br />
|-<br />
| 1985<br />
| ''Mahananda''<br />
|Mama<br />
|Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=3|1986<br />
| ''[[Kala Dhanda Goray Log]]''<br />
| Custom Office Sudarshan Kumar<br />
| rowspan="9" |Hindi<br />
|-<br />
| ''Musafir''<br />
| P. A. Pillai<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kissa Kathmandu Ka]]''<br />
| Lalmohan Ganguly (Jatayu)<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3| 1987<br />
| ''Uprant''<br />
|Mohan<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Susman (film)|Susman]]''<br />
| President of Handloom Cooperative Society<br />
|-<br />
| ''Maha Yatra''<br />
| Ved Maharaj<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 1988<br />
| ''[[The Perfect Murder (1988 film)|The Perfect Murder]]''<br />
| A.C.P. Samant<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Rihaee (1988 film)|Rihaee]]''<br />
| Roopji<br />
|-<br />
| 1989<br />
| ''[[Bye Bye Blues (film)|Bye Bye Blues]]''<br />
| Rug Merchant<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 1991<br />
| ''Suryodaya''<br />
|Raosaheb Patil<br />
|Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mississippi Masala]]''<br />
| Kanti Napkin<br />
| English<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2|1992<br />
| ''[[Dil Aashna Hai]]''<br />
| Prem (pimp)<br />
| Hindi/[[Urdu]]<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ek Hota Vidushak]]''<br />
| Himmatrao Inamdar<br />
| Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| 1994<br />
| ''[[Patang (film)|Patang]]''<br />
|Criminal<br />
| rowspan="6" | Hindi<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=4|1995<br />
| ''Mohini''<br />
| Dr. Mohan Agashe / Anand<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Target (1995 film)|Target]]''<br />
| Vindhyachal Singh<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Angrakshak]]''<br />
| Khare<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Trimurti (1995 film)|Trimurti]]''<br />
| Kooka Singh<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3| 1996<br />
| ''Vrindavan Film Studios''<br />
| Hiralal<br />
|-<br />
| ''Katha Don Ganpatraonchi''<br />
| Ganpatrao Moray-Patil<br />
| Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| ''Feluda 30''<br />
| Maganlal Meghraj<br />
| Bengali<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 1997<br />
| ''[[Gudia (1997 film)|Gudia]]''<br />
| Braganza<br />
| rowspan="4" | Hindi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mrityudand]]''<br />
| Abhay Singh<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3| 1998<br />
| ''[[Zor (film)|Zor]]''<br />
| Swami Satyavadhi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Train to Pakistan (film)|Train to Pakistan]]''<br />
| British Official<br />
|-<br />
| ''Bombay Blue''<br />
|Commissioner Singh <br />
|English<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=4| 1999<br />
| ''[[Hu Tu Tu]]''<br />
| Sawantrao Gadre<br />
| Hindi<br />
|-<br />
| ''Golapi Mukto Rahasya''<br />
| Maganlal Meghraj<br />
| rowspan="2" | Bengali<br />
|-<br />
| ''Jato Kando Kathmandu Te''<br />
| Maganlal Meghraj<br />
|-<br />
| ''Katt Katt Kad Kaddu''<br />
|Hemant's Friend<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2000<br />
|''Raju''<br />
|Guruji<br />
|Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Seducing Maarya]]''<br />
| Vijay Chatterjee<br />
| rowspan="4" | Hindi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Gaja Gamini]]''<br />
| Kalidasa<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2001<br />
| ''Meri Ishq Ki Kahani''<br />
|Baji<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aks (2001 film)|Aks]]''<br />
| Prime Minister<br />
|-<br />
| ''A Pocket Full of Dreams''<br />
| Om<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2002<br />
| ''[[Agni Varsha]]''<br />
| Raibhya<br />
| rowspan="3" |Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 2003<br />
| ''[[Gangaajal]]''<br />
| DIG Verma<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Paap]]''<br />
| Kaya's Father<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=4| 2004<br />
| ''[[Devrai]]''<br />
| Psychologist<br />
| Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ab Tak Chappan]]''<br />
| Ex-Commissioner Pradhan<br />
| Hindi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dance Like a Man]]''<br />
| Amritlal Parekh<br />
| English<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Asambhav]]''<br />
| President Veer Pratap Singh<br />
| Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3| 2005<br />
| ''[[James (2005)|James]]''<br />
| DCP Vijay Singh Rawat<br />
| Hindi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kay Dyache Bola]]''<br />
| Judge Justice Prabhune<br />
| Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Apaharan]]''<br />
| Prof. Raghuvansh Shastri<br />
| Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3| 2006<br />
| ''1st Bite''<br />
| Guru<br />
|English<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Rang De Basanti]]''<br />
| Indian Defence Minister Shastri<br />
| Hindi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Shevri]]''<br />
|Vidya's Boss<br />
| rowspan="9" |Marathi <br />
|-<br />
| 2008<br />
| ''[[Valu (film)|Valu]]''<br />
| Sarpanch <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=5|2009<br />
| ''[[Gulmohar (2009 film)|Gulmohar]]''<br />
|Vidya's Father<br />
|-<br />
| ''Agnidivya''<br />
| Dadu Bhat<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Rita (2009 Indian film)|Rita]]''<br />
| Shanks<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Vihir]]''<br />
| Ajoba<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Nishani Dava Anghatha]]''<br />
|Unnamed<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2010<br />
| ''Samudra''<br />
|Vishnu Khot<br />
|-<br />
|''Kon Aahe Re Tikde?''<br />
|Zunjarrao Shirke<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2011<br />
| ''[[Phhir]]''<br />
|Swamiji<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Deool]]''<br />
| Aamdar Saheb<br />
| rowspan="5" | Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" |2012<br />
| ''Gola Berij''<br />
|Chitale Master<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Masala (2012 film)|Masala]]''<br />
|Sethji<br />
|-<br />
| ''Maximum''<br />
|Mr. Sathe<br />
|-<br />
| ''Bharatiya''<br />
| Sirpanch Sirdeshmukh<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Jism 2]]''<br />
|Unnamed<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|''[[The King & the Commissioner]]''<br />
|Indian Prime Minister<br />
|[[Malayalam]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=4|2013<br />
|''Janmantar''<br />
|Unnamed<br />
| rowspan="2" |Marathi<br />
|-<br />
|''Gadya Aapla Gaon Bara''<br />
|Nana<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Jolly LLB]]''<br />
|Senior Dewan<br />
|[[Hindi]]<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Prem Mhanje Prem Mhanje Prem Asta]]''<br />
|Mrunal's Father<br />
| rowspan="2" |Marathi<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3| 2014<br />
| ''[[Akalpith]]''<br />
| Justice Gore<br />
|-<br />
| ''Mohan Rakesh's Adhe Adhure''<br />
| Singhania / Juneja / Mahendranath<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dr. Prakash Baba Amte – The Real Hero]]''<br />
| Baba Amte<br />
| rowspan="2" |<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=8| 2015<br />
|''[[Astu]] – So Be It''<br />
| Appa – Dr.Chakrapani Shastri<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Ab Tak Chhappan 2]]''<br />
|Ex Commissioner Pradhan<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Hindi]]<br />
|-<br />
|''Mahesh Dattani's Hasmukh Saab ki Wasihat''<br />
|Hasmukh Mehta<br />
|-<br />
|''Dhurandhar Bhatawdekar''<br />
|Appa Bhatawdekar<br />
| rowspan="5" |[[Marathi cinema|Marathi]]<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Welcome Zindagi]]''<br />
|Colonel Vagaskar<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Deool Band]]''<br />
|Dr. Vyas<br />
|-<br />
|''[[The Bright Day]]''<br />
|Old Man<br />
|-<br />
|''Monel Maya''<br />
|Bramhanikar Gaonkar<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2016<br />
|''[[Manithan (2016 film)|Manithan]]''<br />
|Ram Dewan<br />
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Lost and Found (2016 Indian film)|Lost and Found]]''<br />
|Shrirang Uncle<br />
| rowspan="2" |Marathi<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Phuntroo]]''<br />
|Prof. Shankar Rao<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2017<br />
|''[[Yeh Hai India]]''<br />
|Prime Minister<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Kaasav]]''<br />
|Dattabhau<br />
| rowspan="2" |Marathi<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Deva (2017 film)|Deva]]''<br />
|Krishnakant<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2020<br />
|''[[Welcome Home (2020 film)|Welcome Home]]''<br />
|Apparao Joshi<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|''Bonus''<br />
|Aajoba<br />
| rowspan="2" |Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2021<br />
|''Karkhanisanchi Waari''<br />
|Satish Karkhanis<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Toofaan]]''<br />
|Bala Kaka<br />
| rowspan="3" |Hindi<br />
|-<br />
|''Walk Alone''<br />
|Nana<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2022<br />
|''[[Bachchhan Paandey]]''<br />
|Minister Laalji Bhagat<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|Chandramukhi]]''<br />
|Dadasaheb Saswadkar<br />
| Marathi<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Vezham]]''<br />
|Leena's grandfather<br />
|Tamil<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Ekda Kaay Zala]]''<br />
|Kiran's Father<br />
|Marathi<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2023<br />
|''[[Pachuvum Athbutha Vilakkum]]''<br />
|Nana<br />
|Malayalam<br />
|-<br />
|''Pillu Bachelor''<br />
|Pillu's Grandfather<br />
| rowspan="3" |Marathi<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Aathvani]]''<br />
|Rama<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2024<br />
|''[[Lokshahi]]''<br />
|Gajanan Chitre<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Nayan Rahasya]]''<br />
|Mahesh Hingorani<br />
|Bengali<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Article 370 (film)|Article 370]]''<br />
|Jagmohan Patil<br />
|Hindi<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2025<br />
|''[[Devmanus (film)|Devmanus]]''<br />
|Varkari<br />
| rowspan="2" |Marathi<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Aatli Baatmi Futli]]''<br />
|Bhaskar Wankhede<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year !! Show!! Role !! Channel !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|1986–1987 ||''[[Kissa Kathmandu Ka]]''||Lalmohan Ganguly (Jatayu)||[[DD Bangla]]|| Originally on DD National<br />
|-<br />
|2008–2010 || ''[[Agnihotra (TV series)|Agnihotra]]'' || Vinayak (Appa) Ganesh Agnihotri || [[Star Pravah]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|2011 || ''[[Guntata Hriday He]]'' || Ananya's Father-in-law || [[Zee Marathi]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|2012 || ''[[Eka Lagnachi Tisri Goshta]]'' || Advocate Deshmukh || [[Zee Marathi]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|2017 ||''[[Rudram (TV series)|Rudram]]''|| Ragini's Father|| [[Zee Yuva]] || <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/mukta-barve-back-on-tv-with-rudram/articleshow/59703358.cms|title=Mukta Barve back on TV with Rudram – Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 July 2017|access-date=2019-05-24|archive-date=28 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028173325/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/mukta-barve-back-on-tv-with-rudram/articleshow/59703358.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 2019 || ''Ti Phulrani'' ||Jagadish Mahapatre || [[Sony Marathi]] ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/veteran-actor-mohan-agashe-to-play-jagadish-mahapatre-in-ti-phulrani/articleshow/68149817.cms|title=Veteran actor Mohan Agashe to play 'Jagadish Mahapatre' in Ti Phulrani – Times of India|date=25 February 2019|website=The Times of India|access-date=2019-03-22|archive-date=28 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328031136/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/veteran-actor-mohan-agashe-to-play-jagadish-mahapatre-in-ti-phulrani/articleshow/68149817.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''Hutatma'' || Special appearance|| [[ZEE5]] || Web Series <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/hutatma-a-web-series-on-the-creation-of-maharashtra-1510497-2019-04-26|title=Hutatma, a web series on the creation of Maharashtra|date=26 April 2019|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=7 May 2019|archive-date=7 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507023022/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/hutatma-a-web-series-on-the-creation-of-maharashtra-1510497-2019-04-26|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|''[[Akkad Bakkad Rafu Chakkar]]''<br />
|Babaji<br />
|[[Amazon Prime Video]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2022<br />
|''Human''<br />
|Mohan Vaidya<br />
|[[Disney+ Hotstar]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[RaanBaazaar]]''<br />
|Satish Naik<br />
|[[Planet Marathi OTT]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Avrodh: The Siege Within 2]]''<br />
|Prime Minister<br />
|[[SonyLIV]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''B. E. Rojgaar''<br />
|Shantanu<br />
|[[Bharatiya Digital Party]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|''Do Gubbare''<br />
|Aajoba<br />
|[[Disney+ Hotstar]]<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Plays ===<br />
* ''Daakghar''<br />
* ''Dhanya MI Kritarth''<br />
* ''Ashi Pakhare Yeti''<br />
* ''Ghashiram Kotval''<br />
* ''Katkon Trikon''<br />
<br />
=== Short films ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"<br />
!scope="col"| Year<br />
!scope="col"| Title<br />
!scope="col"| Role<br />
!scope="col"| Language<br />
!class=unsortable scope="col"| Notes<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="1"|2018<br />
! scope="row"| ''Purana Pyaar''<br />
| Dev Pratap Singh<br />
| Hindi<br />
|Finalist for Filmfare Short Film Awards<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/short-films-2019/finalists/puranapyaar/3415|title=Best Drama Short Films|publisher=Filmfare|access-date=17 March 2019|archive-date=18 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018104059/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/short-films-2019/finalists/puranapyaar/3415|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Web series ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Serial<br />
!Role<br />
!Notes<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|''[[RaanBaazaar]]'' <br />
|Satish Naik<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-20 |title=RaanBaazaar is a once-in-a-lifetime experience: Senior actor Sachin Khedekar |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/raanbaazaar-is-a-once-in-a-lifetime-experience-senior-actor-sachin-khedekar/articleshow/91682913.cms |access-date=2023-05-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|''Do Gubbare''<br />
|Aajoba <br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Awards and nominations ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Year<br />
!Award<br />
!Result<br />
!Notes<br />
|-<br />
|1990<br />
|[[Padma Shri]]<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/life-is-about-subtext-says-theatre-actor-mohan-agashe/|title=Life is about subtext, says theatre actor Mohan Agashe|last=Parul|date=9 September 2018|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-03-22|archive-date=22 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322074602/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/life-is-about-subtext-says-theatre-actor-mohan-agashe/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|1996<br />
|[[Filmfare Best Villain Award]]<br />
|{{Nom}}<br />
|For ''[[Trimurti (1995 film)|Trimurti]]''<br />
|-<br />
|1996<br />
|[[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|for theatre (Acting: Marathi)<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
|2004<br />
|[[Goethe Medal]]<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/home/theatre-actor-mohan-agashe-gets-prestigious-german-award_151111.html|title=Theatre actor Mohan Agashe gets prestigious German award|date=2004-03-23|website=Zee News|language=en|access-date=2019-05-24|archive-date=24 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524055232/https://zeenews.india.com/home/theatre-actor-mohan-agashe-gets-prestigious-german-award_151111.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shop.scroll.in/book/843417/feminist-publisher-urvashi-butalia-wins-the-prestigious-goethe-medal|title=Feminist publisher Urvashi Butalia wins the prestigious Goethe Medal|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-24|archive-date=24 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524055233/https://shop.scroll.in/book/843417/feminist-publisher-urvashi-butalia-wins-the-prestigious-goethe-medal|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2014<br />
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Marathi]]<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|''[[Astu]]''<br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
|Thespo Lifetime Achievement Award<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianage.com/life/art/271217/thespo-lifetime-achievement-award-for-mohan-agashe.html|title=Thespo Lifetime Achievement award for Mohan Agashe|last=Thakore|first=Quasar|date=27 December 2017|website=The Asian Age|access-date=7 April 2019|archive-date=7 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407145007/https://www.asianage.com/life/art/271217/thespo-lifetime-achievement-award-for-mohan-agashe.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|Vishnudas Bhave Puraskar<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/actor-playwright-dr-mohan-agashe-to-be-given-vishnudas-bhave-award/states/news/1371288.html|title=Actor, playwright De. Mohan Agashe to be given Vishnudas Bhave award|date=6 October 2018|website=United News of India|access-date=7 April 2019|archive-date=7 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407125819/http://www.uniindia.com/actor-playwright-dr-mohan-agashe-to-be-given-vishnudas-bhave-award/states/news/1371288.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|Pride of Planet Award <br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/dr-pachlore-foundations-pride-of-planet-2018-awarded-to-padmashri-dr-mohan-agashe/07241037,%20https://www.nagpurtoday.in/dr-pachlore-foundations-pride-of-planet-2018-awarded-to-padmashri-dr-mohan-agashe/07241037|title=Dr.Pachlore foundations 'Pride Of Planet 2018' Awarded to Padmashri Dr. Mohan Agashe|date=24 July 2018|website=Nagpur Today|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-07}}{{dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|Lotu Patil Theatre Award<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/veteran-actor-mohan-agashe-won-lotu-patil-natya-award-170853|title=Veteran actor Mohan Agashe won Lotu Patil Natya award|last=Kamble|first=Madhukar|date=12 February 2019|website=Sakal|language=mr|access-date=7 April 2019|archive-date=7 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407150519/https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/veteran-actor-mohan-agashe-won-lotu-patil-natya-award-170853|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb name}}<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br />
* {{BH person}}<br />
<br />
{{Subject bar<br />
|commons = yes<br />
|commons-search = <br />
|d = yes<br />
|d-search = <br />
|portal1 = Biography<br />
|portal2 = India<br />
}}<br />
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Agashe, Mohan}}<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi theatre]]<br />
[[Category:1947 births]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Pune]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]<br />
[[Category:Producers who won the Best Feature Film National Film Award]]<br />
[[Category:Indian psychiatrists]]<br />
[[Category:Filmfare Awards Marathi winners]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi television]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ashalata_Devi_Loitongbam&diff=487839Ashalata Devi Loitongbam2026-03-22T15:31:35Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: put up the bio needs work</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian footballer (born 1993)}}<br />
{{Western name order|Loitongbam Ashalata Devi}}<br />
{{Meitei name|Loitongbam|Ashalata|Devi}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox football biography<br />
| name = Ashalata Devi<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| fullname = Ashalata Devi Loitongbam<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1993|7|3}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]], India<br />
| height = <br />
| position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]<br />
| currentclub = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]<br />
| clubnumber = 4<br />
| years1 = <br />
| clubs1 = [[KRYPHSA FC|KRYPHSA]]<br />
| caps1 = <br />
| goals1 = <br />
| clubs2 = [[New Radiant W.S.C.|New Radiant]]<br />
| years2 = 2015<br />
| caps2 = <br />
| goals2 = <br />
| clubs3 = [[Rising Student Club|Rising Student]]<br />
| years3 = 2016–2017<br />
| caps3 = <br />
| goals3 = <br />
| years4 = 2017–2018<br />
| clubs4 = [[KRYPHSA FC|KRYPHSA]]<br />
| caps4 = <br />
| goals4 = <br />
| years5 = 2018–2020<br />
| clubs5 = [[Sethu FC|Sethu]]<br />
| caps5 = 13<br />
| goals5 = 1<br />
| years6 = 2021–2024<br />
| clubs6 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC (women)|Gokulam Kerala]]<br />
| caps6 = 32<br />
| goals6 = 4<br />
| years7 = 2024–<br />
| clubs7 = [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]]<br />
| caps7 = 14<br />
| goals7 = 1<br />
| nationalyears1 = 2008<br />
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national under-17 football team|India U17]]<br />
| nationalcaps1 = <br />
| nationalgoals1 = <br />
| nationalyears2 = 2011–<br />
| nationalteam2 = [[India women's national football team|India]]<br />
| nationalcaps2 = 100<br />
| nationalgoals2 = 4<br />
| club-update = 24 March 2024<br />
| nationalteam-update = 27 October 2024<br />
}}<br />
'''Ashalata Devi Loitongbam''' ({{langx|mni|Loitongbam Ashalata Devi}}, born 3 July 1993) is an Indian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Defender (association football)|defender]] for the [[Indian Women's League]] club [[East Bengal FC (women)|East Bengal]] and the [[India women's national football team|India women's national team]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 November 2019|title=Indian Women's Football Team Captain Ashalata Devi Has Been Nominated For AFC 'Player Of The Year' Award|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/sports/indian-women-s-football-team-captain-ashalata-devi-has-been-nominated-for-afc-player-of-the-year-award-500613.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118052237/https://www.indiatimes.com/sports/indian-women-s-football-team-captain-ashalata-devi-has-been-nominated-for-afc-player-of-the-year-award-500613.html|archive-date=18 January 2021|access-date=4 December 2020|website=www.indiatimes.com}}</ref> Devi is considered one of the finest defenders from Asia and is the first women's footballer to play 100 matches for the Indian national team.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 September 2020|title=Beacons who lit the way for women's football in India|url=https://www.olympicchannel.com/en/stories/features/detail/indian-female-football-team-players-best-national-women/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205135343/https://www.olympicchannel.com/en/stories/features/detail/indian-female-football-team-players-best-national-women/|archive-date=5 December 2020|access-date=4 December 2020|website=www.olympicchannel.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ashalata Devi - Indian women's football team's first centurion|url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/who-is-ashalata-devi-india-footballer|date=17 October 2024|website=Olympics}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Devi was born in [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Ashalata Devi Loitongbam – Eurosport|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/ashalata-devi-loitongbam_prs403711/person.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909000418/http://www.eurosport.com/football/ashalata-devi-loitongbam_prs403711/person.shtml|archive-date=9 September 2017|access-date=4 December 2020|website=www.eurosport.com}}</ref> She started playing football at the age of 13.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 May 2019|title=ASHALATA DEVI: "I TRY TO BE A BETTER PLAYER THAN WHAT I WAS YESTERDAY"|url=https://www.fistosports.com/ashalata-devi-try-better-player-yesterday-hero-iwl-sethu-fc|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125202253/https://www.fistosports.com/ashalata-devi-try-better-player-yesterday-hero-iwl-sethu-fc|archive-date=25 November 2020|access-date=4 December 2020|website=www.fistosports.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Club career ==<br />
<br />
=== New Radiant ===<br />
In 2015, Devi signed for the [[Dhivehi Premier League|Dhivehi Women's Premier League]] franchise [[New Radiant W.S.C.|New Radiant W.S.C]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 May 2015|title=Bembem, Bala and Ashalata Devi invited to play in Maldivian League|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/bembem-bala-and-ashalata-devi-invited-to-play-in-maldivian-league|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023115511/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/bembem-bala-and-ashalata-devi-invited-to-play-in-maldivian-league|archive-date=23 October 2020|access-date=5 December 2020|website=All India Football Federation}}</ref> She thus became the second Indian to play for a club outside India after [[Oinam Bembem Devi|Bembem Devi]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 March 2020|title=The glorious saga of Indian women football team – Ashalata Devi section|url=https://sportslibro.com/football/news/indian-women-football-team/5251#Loitongbam_Ashalata_Devi:|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819104743/https://sportslibro.com/football/soccer-news/indian-women-football-team/5251#Loitongbam_Ashalata_Devi:|archive-date=19 August 2022|access-date=5 December 2020|website=Sports Libro}}</ref> She won the league with the club in that particular season.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Loitongbam Ashalata Devi signed for New Radiant|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-new-indian-express/20170921/282205126067797|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819104747/https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-new-indian-express/20170921/282205126067797|archive-date=19 August 2022|access-date=5 December 2020|via=PressReader}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Rising Student Club ===<br />
In 2016, Devi signed for the newly formed [[Rising Student's Club|Rising Student Club]] to feature in the first edition of the [[Indian Women's League]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 October 2020|title=Ashalata Devi: My family initially felt that football is not for girls|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/indian-womens-football-ashalata-devi/v0ur69mc0yo1sxrk0zx19uus|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819104814/https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/indian-womens-football-ashalata-devi/v0ur69mc0yo1sxrk0zx19uus|archive-date=19 August 2022|access-date=5 December 2020|website=www.goal.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== KRYPHSA ===<br />
In 2017, Devi joined the Indian Women's League club [[KRYPHSA F.C.]] for the [[2017–18 Indian Women's League season|2017–18 Indian Women's League]] season.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nayak|first=Nicolai|title=Relishing challenges and leading by example: Meet Indian women's football team captain Ashalata Devi|url=https://scroll.in/field/931258/relishing-challenges-and-leading-by-example-meet-indian-womens-football-team-captain-ashalata-devi|access-date=2021-01-29|website=Scroll.in|date=21 July 2019 |language=en-US|archive-date=7 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235814/https://scroll.in/field/931258/relishing-challenges-and-leading-by-example-meet-indian-womens-football-team-captain-ashalata-devi|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Sethu ===<br />
In 2018, Devi transferred to [[Tamil Nadu]] based club [[Sethu FC]] which participates in the Indian Women's League.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 March 2020|title=The glorious saga of Indian women football team|url=https://sportslibro.com/football/news/indian-women-football-team/5251|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819104743/https://sportslibro.com/football/soccer-news/indian-women-football-team/5251|archive-date=19 August 2022|access-date=5 December 2020|website=Sports Libro}}</ref> In the [[2018–19 Indian Women's League season]], [[Sethu FC|Sethu]] won the tournament by defeating [[Manipur Police Sports Club|Manipur Police SC]] 1–3 in the finals, where Devi won her maiden Indian Women's League trophy.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 May 2019|title=Hero Indian Women's League 2018–19 , Final {{!}} Manipur Police Sports Club 1–3 Sethu|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/5200|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928164118/https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/5200|archive-date=28 September 2020|access-date=5 December 2020|website=All India Football Federation}}</ref><br />
<br />
== International career ==<br />
In 2008 at the age of 15, Devi was called-up for [[India women's national under-17 football team|India U17]]. Devi was called-up for the senior team and debuted in the year 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ASHALATA DEVI: "I AM AFRAID OF NO ONE ON THE PITCH"|url=https://sethufc.com/ashalata-devi-i-am-afraid-of-no-one-on-the-pitch.php|access-date=4 December 2020|website=Sethu FC Official Website}}</ref> She served as the captain of the India women's national football team from 2018 till 2024. Devi played a pivotal role in India's success in qualifying for the [[2020 Summer Olympics|2021 Olympics]] (supposed to be held in 2020) which is going to be held in [[Tokyo]]. Devi has several achievements with the national team. Devi was a part of the Indian tea that won two [[South Asian Games]] gold medals in [[2016 South Asian Games|2016]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 February 2016|title=Indian Women win Gold in South Asian Games|url=http://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-women-win-gold-in-south-asian-games|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708162159/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-women-win-gold-in-south-asian-games|archive-date=8 July 2020|access-date=5 December 2020|website=All India Football Federation}}</ref> and [[2019 South Asian Games|2019]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 December 2019|title=Bala Devi brace powers Indian women's team to 3rd straight SAG Gold|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/bala-devi-brace-powers-indian-womens-team-to-3rd-straight-sag-gold|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621201235/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/bala-devi-brace-powers-indian-womens-team-to-3rd-straight-sag-gold|archive-date=21 June 2021|access-date=5 December 2020|website=All India Football Federation}}</ref> and was also part of the team that won the [[SAFF Women's Championship]] four times consecutively, in [[2012 SAFF Women's Championship|2012]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=INDIA DEFEND TITLE IN STYLE|url=http://www.the-aiff.com/pages/news/index.php?N_Id=3296|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105004205/http://www.the-aiff.com/pages/news/index.php|archive-date=5 January 2013|access-date=5 December 2020|website=All India Football Federation}}</ref> [[2014 SAFF Women's Championship|2014]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 November 2014|title=Six star India retain SAFF Women's Championship|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/six-star-india-retain-saff-womens-championship|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819104743/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/six-star-india-retain-saff-womens-championship|archive-date=19 August 2022|access-date=5 December 2020|website=All India Football Federation}}</ref> [[2016 SAFF Women's Championship|2016]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 January 2017|title=India Defeat Bangladesh To Clinch The SAFF Cup 2016|url=https://feminisminindia.com/2017/01/06/south-asian-football-federation-cup-india-wins-2016/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107082601/https://feminisminindia.com/2017/01/06/south-asian-football-federation-cup-india-wins-2016/|archive-date=7 January 2021|access-date=5 December 2020|website=feminismindia.com}}</ref> and finally in [[2019 SAFF Women's Championship|2019]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 March 2019|title=INDIAN WOMEN CLINCH FIFTH STRAIGHT SAFF TITLE AFTER 3–1 WIN OVER NEPAL|url=http://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-women-clinch-fifth-straight-saff-title-after-3-1-win-over-nepal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915034537/http://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-women-clinch-fifth-straight-saff-title-after-3-1-win-over-nepal|archive-date=15 September 2020|access-date=5 December 2020|website=All India Football Federation}}</ref> She was nominated by [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] for the women's player of the year in 2019<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 November 2019|title=India's Ashalata Devi nominated for AFC 'Player of the Year' award|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/indias-ashalata-devi-nominated-for-afc-player-of-the-year-award/articleshow/72092425.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117084305/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/indias-ashalata-devi-nominated-for-afc-player-of-the-year-award/articleshow/72092425.cms|archive-date=17 November 2019|access-date=5 December 2019|website=The Times of India}}</ref> and was selected as the [[All India Football Federation|AIFF]] women's player of the year for her performance in the 2018–19 campaign.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 July 2019|title=PRAFUL PATEL ANNOUNCES 2018–19 AIFF AWARDS|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/praful-patel-announces-2018-19-aiff-awards#:~:text=Among%20the%20women%2C%20Ashalata%20Devi,of%20the%20Year%202018%2D19.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819104743/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/praful-patel-announces-2018-19-aiff-awards#:~:text=Among%20the%20women%2C%20Ashalata%20Devi,of%20the%20Year%202018%2D19.|archive-date=19 August 2022|access-date=5 December 2020|website=All India Football Federation}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career statistics==<br />
===International===<br />
{{Updated|27 October 2024}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"<br />
!National team!!Year!!Caps!!Goals<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=13|[[India women's national football team|India]]<br />
|2011<br />
|3<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|2012<br />
|5<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|2013<br />
|5<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|2014<br />
|8<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|2<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
|7<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
|7<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|3<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|26<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|9<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|6<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|9<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|10<br />
|0<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=2|Total<br />
!100<br />
!4<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===International goals===<br />
:''Scores and results list India's goal tally first.''<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|+List of international goals scored by Loitongbam Ashalata Devi<br />
! No. !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition<br />
|-<br />
| 1 || 14 September 2014 || [[Incheon Namdong Asiad Rugby Field]], [[Incheon]], [[South Korea]] || {{fbw|MDV}} || align=center|10–0 || align=center| 15–0 || [[Football at the 2014 Asian Games|2014 Asian Games]]<br />
|-<br />
| 2 || 13 March 2015 || [[Mandalar Thiri Stadium]], [[Mandalay]], [[Myanmar]] || {{fbw|SRI}} || align=center|2–0 || align=center| 4–0 || [[2016 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament|2016 Olympic Qualifiers]]<br />
|-<br />
| 3 || 15 February 2016 || [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]], [[Shillong]], [[India]] || {{fbw|NEP}} || align=center|4–0 || align=center| 4–0 || [[2016 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament|2016 Olympic Qualifiers]]<br />
|-<br />
| 4 || 6 April 2019 || [[Mandalar Thiri Stadium]], [[Mandalay]], [[Myanmar]] || {{fbw|NEP}} || align=center|3–1 || align=center| 3–1 || [[2020 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament|2020 Olympic Qualifiers]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Honours==<br />
<br />
'''India'''<br />
*[[SAFF Women's Championship]]: [[2012 SAFF Women's Championship|2012]], [[2014 SAFF Women's Championship|2014]], [[2016 SAFF Women's Championship|2016]], [[2019 SAFF Women's Championship|2019]]<br />
*[[Football at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]] Gold medal: [[2016 South Asian Games|2016]], [[2019 South Asian Games|2019]]<br />
<br />
'''East Bengal'''<br />
* [[Indian Women's League]]: [[2024–25 Indian Women's League|2024–25]]<br />
<br />
'''Sethu FC'''<br />
*[[Indian Women's League]]: [[2018–19 Indian Women's League season|2018–19]]<br />
<br />
'''Gokulam Kerala'''<br />
*[[Indian Women's League]]: [[2021–22 Indian Women's League season|2021–22]], [[2022–23 Indian Women's League season|2022–23]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Gokulam Kerala steamroll Kickstart to complete hat-trick of Hero IWL titles|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/gokulam-kerala-steamroll-kickstart-to-complete-hat-trick-of-hero-iwl-titles|access-date=21 May 2023 |website=the-aiff.com|publisher=All India Football Federation|date=21 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522160849/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/gokulam-kerala-steamroll-kickstart-to-complete-hat-trick-of-hero-iwl-titles|archive-date=22 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Indian Women's League 2023: Gokulam Kerala thrash Kickstart FC 5–0 to win third consecutive title|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/gokulam-kerala-wins-indian-womens-league-gkfc-5-0-kickstart-fc-sabitra-bhandari-top-scorer-iwl-records-milestones-stats/article66878249.ece|website=sportstar.thehindu.com|publisher=[[Sportstar]]|date=21 May 2023|access-date=22 May 2023|location=Chennai|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522151217/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/gokulam-kerala-wins-indian-womens-league-gkfc-5-0-kickstart-fc-sabitra-bhandari-top-scorer-iwl-records-milestones-stats/article66878249.ece|archive-date=22 May 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''Railways'''<br />
* [[Rajmata Jijabai Trophy]]: [[2015–16 Rajmata Jijabai Trophy|2015–16]]<br />
<br />
'''New Radiant'''<br />
*[[FAM Women's Football Championship]]: [[2015 FAM Women's Football Championship|2015]]<br />
<br />
'''Individual'''<br />
* Indian Women's League Best Defender: [[2021–22 Indian Women's League season|2021–22]]<br />
* AIFF women's player of the year: [[AIFF Player of the Year|2018–19]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sportstar|first=Team|title=Sunil Chhetri and Ashalata Devi bag top honours at AIFF Awards|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football-aiff-awards-sunil-chhetri-ashalata-devi-dangmei-grace-sahad-abdul-samad-jammu-and-kashmir-football/article28332935.ece|date=9 July 2019|access-date=25 March 2022|website=sportstar.thehindu.com|publisher=[[Sportstar]]|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027045433/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football-aiff-awards-sunil-chhetri-ashalata-devi-dangmei-grace-sahad-abdul-samad-jammu-and-kashmir-football/article28332935.ece|language=en}}</ref><br />
* [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] women's player of the year 2019: Nominee<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of Indian football players in foreign leagues]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/62505 Loitongbam Ashalata Devi] at All India Football Federation<br />
* {{GSA player|ashalata-devi/51329}}<br />
* [http://www.eurosport.com/football/ashalata-devi-loitongbam_prs403711/person.shtml Loitongbam Ashalata Devi] at Eurosport<br />
<br />
{{India squad 2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Loitongbam, Ashalata Devi}}<br />
[[Category:1993 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women's footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Footballers from Imphal]]<br />
[[Category:India women's international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:India women's youth international footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Women's association football central defenders]]<br />
[[Category:Sportswomen from Manipur]]<br />
[[Category:Rising Students Club players]]<br />
[[Category:KRYPHSA FC players]]<br />
[[Category:Sethu FC players]]<br />
[[Category:Gokulam Kerala FC Women players]]<br />
[[Category:East Bengal FC Women players]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Women's League players]]<br />
[[Category:Indian expatriate women's footballers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian expatriate sportspeople in the Maldives]]<br />
[[Category:Expatriate women's footballers in the Maldives]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games footballers for India]]<br />
[[Category:Footballers at the 2014 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Footballers at the 2022 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]<br />
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in football]]<br />
[[Category:FIFA Women's Century Club]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]<br />
[[Category:2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup players]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tera_Kya_Hoga_Alia&diff=540079Tera Kya Hoga Alia2026-03-15T19:25:11Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2019 Indian TV series}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox television<br />
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]<br />
| image = Tera Kya Hoga Alia.png<br />
| caption = <!--Please don't use captions for obvious title cards.--><br />
| alt_name = Carry on Alia<br />
| genre = [[Comedy]]<br />
| creator =<br />
| based_on = <br />
| writer = <br />
| list_episodes = <br />
| opentheme = <br />
| endtheme = <br />
| composer = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br />
| num_seasons = 2<br />
| num_episodes = 229<br />
| director = <br />
| executive_producer = Aayush Agrawal<br />
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br />
| runtime = 21 minutes<br />
| company = Optimystix Entertainment<br />
| network = [[Sony SAB]]<br />
| producer = Vipul D Shah<br />
| editor = <br />
| released = <br />
| first_aired = {{Start date|2019|08|27|df=y}}<br />
| last_aired = {{End date|2020|10|23|df=y}}<br />
| narrated = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Tera Kya Hoga Alia''''' ({{translation|''What will happen to you, Alia?''}}) is an Indian [[Hindi language|Hindi-language]] television comedy series. The show was produced by Vipul D Shah through Optimystix Entertainment on [[Sony SAB]]. The first season was broadcast from 27 August 2019 to 28 August 2020 and depicted Alia as a former beauty queen who teaches history. The series was revamped and was retitled '''''Carry on Alia''''' for its the second season. Season two premiered on 31 August 2020 and ended on 23 October 2020 when the series was cancelled. It depicted Alia as an honest television reporter at odds with Dhadkan, a glamorous, dishonest anchor who only cares about ratings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/sony-sab-announces-new-show-tera-kya-hoga-alia-99076.html|title=Sony SAB announces new show 'Tera Kya Hoga Alia' - Exchange4media|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Series overview==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="padding: 0 8px" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Season<br />
! rowspan="2" |Title<br />
! style="padding: 0 8px" rowspan="2" | No. of episodes<br />
! colspan="2" | Originally broadcast <small>(India)</small><br />
|-<br />
! style="padding: 0 8px" | First aired<br />
! style="padding: 0 8px" | Last aired<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#FF0000"|<br />
|align="center"| 1<br />
|Tera Kya Hoga Alia<br />
|align="center"| 189<br />
|align="center"| {{Start date|2019|08|27|df=yes}}<br />
|align="center"| {{End date|2020|08|28|df=yes}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="background:#FF0FF0"|<br />
|align="center"| 2<br />
|Carry on Alia<br />
|align="center"| 40<!--as of 23 October 2020--><br />
|align="center"| {{Start date|2020|08|31|df=yes}}<br />
|align="center"|{{End date|2020|10|23|df=yes}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
<!--Per MOS:TVPLOT, these plot summaries should be no longer than 500 words per season. If editors wish to include episode-by-episode details, that should be done in a stand-alone episode list.--><br />
<br />
===Season 1: Tera Kya Hoga Alia===<br />
<br />
Set in [[Agra]], Mrs. Alia Alok Parihar becomes insecure about her growing weight. She and her friend Rabiya try to keep women away from Alia's handsome husband Alok, though Alok is committed to Alia and maintains a distance from women. Alia and Alok work together in the same Hindi medium school as history and physical training (PT) teachers, respectively. Tara Kohli joins the school as an English teacher and considers Alok as only her friend but Alia becomes insecure of Tara's beauty and charm. Tara is later promoted as vice-principal of the school.<br />
<br />
Believing that her son Rohan can foresee the future through his drawings and has a vision about her death, Alia tries to search for a new wife for Alok and a mother for Rohan. She offers the role to Tara, who is initially reluctant but becomes attracted to Alok's charm and softheartedness. Alia signs an agreement that Tara will still marry Alok if Alia doesn't die. When the prediction is understood to be about something else, Alia apologizes to Tara and Alok. Obsessed with Alok, Tara fakes amnesia, invents stories of her marriage with Alok, and bribes a doctor who asks Alia and Alok to care for her and indulge her marriage fantasy. Her mother Simran arrives from Delhi and helps her to impress Alok. Alia learns about the conspiracy but fails to prove it to Alok. Later, Tara tries to defame Alia and creates hurdles for her while both participate in the Mrs. Agra contest. Affluent journalist Rohit befriends and helps Alia, much to Alok's insecurity, and she wins the contest.<br />
<br />
Following the [[COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India|COVID-19 lockdown]], during which the school building became a quarantine centre, Simran's affluent friend Saudamini Sahu becomes the school principal and restructures it as an international [[English-medium school]] in a new building. All the teachers had to leave the teacher's colony and share homes, with Alia, Alok and Tara cohabiting. Alia works with the other Hindi teachers to impress the parents and school committee and save their jobs. It is decided to teach the students online. Alia struggles with conflicts from vice-principal Tara and the continuing pandemic. Later, Simran tries to legitimately marry Alok and Tara, but Alok puts a halt to it. Tara and Simran are exposed at the wedding venue and apologize. Alok and Alia are remarried while Tara and Simran return to South Delhi. During the [[Ganesh Chaturthi]] festival, Saudamini decides to close the school due to financial loss, leaving the teachers unemployed. Rohit offers the teachers the opportunity to work for a news channel, to which they agree.<br />
<br />
===Season 2: Carry on Alia===<br />
<!--Given the relative number of episodes, the second season should only have 21% of the weight of the first season, or about 100 words. To go larger would give undue weight/importance to the second season.--><br />
<br />
Alia and the other teachers become reporters at television channel Desh Ki Dhadkan (English: Country's Heart Beat). Famous anchor Ms. Dhadkan of show ''Apki Dhadkan Boli'' (Bid Your Heart) covers entertainment, glamour and sensational stories, but Alia determines to cover important stories and show the truth.<br />
<br />
In one of her first news investigations, Alia uncovers a fiasco and gains national praise. This results in Alia getting her own show, ''Carry on Alia'', which soon outperforms Dhadkan's show in the ratings. Although they occasionally cooperate, Dhadkan's jealousy of Alia's popularity grows and she plots against the newcomer. When it is decided that Alia will be promoted, Dhadkan attempts to frame Alia for the robbery of funds intended for pregnant women. Alia is arrested but exonerated when her team expose Dhadkan's conspiracy with a rival television channel.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
===Main===<br />
* Anusha Mishra as Alia Parihar - Alok's wife; Roham's mother; a history teacher and vice-principal of the Hindi medium school; later a television field reporter.<br />
* [[Harshad Arora]] as Alok Parihar - Alia's husband; Rohan's father; PT<!--physical training--> teacher of the school;<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/harshad-arora-supports-safety-for-actors-resuming-shoots/articleshow/76983481.cms|title=Harshad Arora supports safety for actors resuming shoots|access-date=15 July 2020|website=Times of India|date=15 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref> later a television sports and health reporter.<br />
* [[Priyanka Purohit]] as Tara Kohli - an English teacher and vice-principal of the English medium school. (Season 1)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/alia-to-get-alok-and-tara-engaged-in-the-show-tera-kya-hoga-alia/articleshow/72053875.cms|title=Alia to get Alok and Tara engaged in the show, Tera Kya Hoga Alia - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=14 November 2019 }}</ref><br />
** [[Chhavi Pandey]] replaced Priyanka Purohit as Tara.<br />
* Jiya Mustafa as Dhakan - Alia's colleague and the anchor of ''Aap Ki Dhadkan Boli''. She is self-centred and only cares about television ratings.<br />
<br />
===Recurring===<br />
* Namrata Pathak as Rabia Merchant - Alia's best friend; a librarian; later an entertainment reporter. She is married to Mr. Merchant. She had a catchphrase "Merchant to gaya [[Dubai]]".<br />
* [[Smita Singh]] as Durga Parihar - Alok's mother; Alia's mother-in-law. She is often seen arguing with her childhood friend Aabha who is Alia's mother. Also they both provide catering business to the school and the bureau office.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/smita-singh-looking-at-my-friends-who-resumed-shooting-gave-me-confidence/articleshow/76836896.cms|title=Smita Singh: Looking at my friends, who resumed shooting, gave me confidence|access-date=7 July 2020|website=Times of India|date=7 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref><br />
* Jhumma Mitra as Aabha - Alia's mother; Alok's mother-in-law.<br />
* Atharv Johnny as Rohan Parihar - Alia's and Alok's son.<br />
* [[Neelu Kohli]] as Principal Saudamini Sahu. She is strict, wealthy, and cares about funds and hence often says "Money is what matters!".<br />
* [[Rakhi Vijan]] as Simran Kohli - Tara's snobbish mother; Saudamini's Friend. She helps Tara in her plan to marry Alok. She is a wealthy lady from South Delhi.<br />
* [[Karan Veer Mehra]] as Rohit Khanna, a journalist and Alia's helpful friend.<br />
* Deepak Pareek as Mr. Vajpayee - Rohit's boss.<br />
* Neelesh Malviya as Rajesh Bhadoriya - Shalini's husband. He often tries to impress Shalini but fails due to his father-in-law. His catchphrase is "Zalim and Jaaneman".<br />
* Gouri M. Sharma as Shalini Tomar Bhadoriya + Rajesh's fiancée; a crafts teacher; later a receptionist at the television station.<br />
* Abhay Pratap Singh as Gopal 'GK' Kumar - a mathematics teacher; later a stock market reporter. He often says "Babu" (English: Dude).<br />
* Rahul Singh<!-- NOT Rahul Singh (actor); birthyear unknown--> as Nandan - the peon of the school. He holds a degree in law and often loses his cool when somebody does not listen to him; later a researcher for the television station along with Alia.<br />
* Ayush Agarwal as Merchant - Rabiya's husband; a music teacher; later an entertainment reporter.<br />
* Jiten Mukhi as Colonel - Durga's brother; Alok's maternal uncle; Abha's friend who also has a crush on her.<br />
* Jitendra Vashist as D.K. Sinha - Principal of Gyan Sarovar School; later a political news reporter.<br />
* Bhakti Chauhan as Mrs. Sinha - D.K. Sinha's wife.<br />
* [[Neel Motwani]] as Kunal - Tara's friend and her ex-fiancé.(2019-2020)<br />
* Shiny Dixit as Kavya Klinton.<br />
* Aarvika Gupta as Yashika Dubey.<br />
<br />
==''Kuch Smiles Ho Jayein... With Alia''==<br />
'''''Kuch Smiles Ho Jayein... With Alia''''' is an Indian Game show which was made at home during the [[COVID-19 lockdown in India]] and aired on [[Sony SAB]]. It was hosted by Anusha Mishra as Alia and Balraj Syal. It was completely shot remotely. Mishra and Syal invited the star cast of [[Sony SAB]]'s ''Tera Kya Hoga Alia'', ''[[Tenali Rama]]'', ''[[Baalveer|Baalveer Returns]]'', ''[[Bhakharwadi (TV series)|Bhakharwadi]]'', ''[[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga]]'', ''Apna News Aayega'' and ''[[Maddam Sir]]'' to play games remotely. The series ended on 1 June 2020 after five episodes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tv-show-kuch-smiles-ho-jayein-with-alia-shot-at-home-during-lockdown/articleshow/75715585.cms|title=TV show 'Kuch Smiles Ho Jayein... With Alia' shot at home during lockdown|date=13 May 2020|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India|access-date=22 October 2023|archive-date=5 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305142751/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tv-show-kuch-smiles-ho-jayein-with-alia-shot-at-home-during-lockdown/articleshow/75715585.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
* [[List of programs broadcast by Sony SAB]]<br />
* [[List of Hindi comedy shows]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://m.imdb.com/title/tt10750526/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0 Tera Kya Hoga Alia] on [[IMDb]]<br />
* [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/carry-on-alia-1700000094/ Carry on Alia]<br />
{{SAB TV Programmes}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sony SAB original programming]]<br />
[[Category:2019 Indian television series debuts]]<br />
[[Category:Indian comedy television series]]<br />
[[Category:2020 Indian television series endings]]<br />
[[Category:Television shows set in Agra]]<br />
[[Category:Television productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Falcon&diff=467936Falcon2026-03-11T21:22:01Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Birds of prey in the genus Falco}}<br />
{{Other uses|Falcon (disambiguation)|Falcons (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}<br />
{{Automatic taxobox<br />
| fossil_range = [[Late Miocene]] to present<br />
| image = Brown-Falcon,-Vic,-3.1.2008.jpg<br />
| image_caption = [[Brown falcon]] (''Falco berigora'') in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], Australia<br />
| taxon = Falco<br />
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]<br />
| type_species = ''[[Eurasian hobby|Falco subbuteo]]''<ref name=HM4>{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=35 |title= Falconidae |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-25}}</ref><br />
| type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758<br />
| subdivision_ranks = Species<br />
| subdivision = 38; see [[#Species|text]].<br />
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|<br />
*''Aesalon''<!-- this might have been given twice: Kaup 1829 and Morris 1837 --><br />
*''Lithofalco''<!-- this might have been given twice: Reider & Hahn 1835 and Bonaparte (unjustified emendation: 1840) --><br />
*''Tinnunculus'' <small>Linnaeus, 1766</small><br />
*''Hierofalco'' <small>[[Frédéric Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1817</small><br />
*''Cerchneis'' <small>Boie, 1826</small><br />
*''Hypotriorchis'' <small>Boie, 1826</small><br />
*''Rhynchodon'' <small>Nitzsch, 1829</small><br />
*''Ieracidea'' <small>[[John Gould|Gould]], 1838</small><br />
*''Hieracidea'' <small>[[Hugh Edwin Strickland|Strickland]], 1841 [[Emendation (zoology)|(unjustified emendation]]<ref>{{Cite journal |journal=The Annals and Magazine of Natural History |series=Series 1 |volume=6 |date=February 1841 |issue=39 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nnc1.1001656368?urlappend=%3Bseq=450 |access-date=2024-02-08 |via=HathiTrust |language=en |title=XLVIII. Commentary on Mr. G R. Gray's 'Genera of Birds.' 8vo. London, 1840. |first=H.E. |last=Strickland |page=416|hdl=2027/nnc1.1001656368?urlappend=%3Bseq=450 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |website=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species |title=Hieracidea Strickland, 1841 |url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1507473 |access-date=2024-02-08 |date=2021-04-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102124602/http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1507473 |archive-date=2022-01-02 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-03-06 |title=FALNOV.pdf |url=https://nzbirdsonline.org.nz/sites/all/files/FALNOV.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208234459/https://nzbirdsonline.org.nz/sites/all/files/FALNOV.pdf |archive-date=2024-02-08 |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=New Zealand Birds Online |publication-date=2020-09-03}} (Text extracted from {{Cite book |last1=Gill |first1=B.J. |last2=Bell |first2=B.D. |last3=Chambers |first3=G.K. |last4=Medway |first4=D.G. |last5=Palma |first5=R.L. |last6=Scofield |first6=R.P. |last7=Tennyson |first7=A.J.D. |last8=Worthy |first8=T.H. |date=2010 |title=Checklist of the birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica |edition=4th |publisher=Wellington, Te Papa Press and Ornithological Society of New Zealand |pages=174–176}})</ref></small><br />
*''Gennaia'' <small>[[Johann Jakob Kaup|Kaup]], 1847</small><br />
*''Jerafalco'' <small>[[Johann Jakob Kaup|Kaup]], 1850 (unjustified emendation)</small><br />
*''Harpe'' <small>Bonaparte, 1855 (''non'' Lacepède 1802<!-- possibly 1803 - print vs publication date? -->:<ref>{{Cite book |title=The birds of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalog of the higher groups, genera, species, and subspecies of birds known to occur in North America, ... |date=1950 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/osu.32435029597671?urlappend=%3Bseq=633 |access-date=2024-02-09 |via=HathiTrust |language=en |page=615 |series=Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum Bulletin, no. 50, part 11 |first=Herbert |last=Friedmann |publisher=United States Government Printing Office|hdl=2027/osu.32435029597671?urlappend=%3Bseq=633 }}</ref> [[Homonym (biology)|preoccupied]])</small><!-- possibly also Harpe Merrem 1818, which would be preoccupied the same way as the name by Bonaparte.--><br />
*''Dissodectes'' <small>[[Philip Sclater|Sclater]], 1864</small><br />
*''Harpa'' <small>[[Richard Bowdler Sharpe|Sharpe]], 1874 (''non'' Pallas 1774: preoccupied)</small><br />
*''Gennadas'' <small>Heine & [[Anton Reichenow|Reichenow]], 1890<ref>{{Cite book |title=List of generic terms proposed for birds during the years 1890 to 1900, inclusive, to which are added names omitted by Waterhouse in his "Index generum avium," ... |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924090189725?urlappend=%3Bseq=25 |access-date=2024-02-09 |via=HathiTrust |language=en |page=685 |issue=1267 |volume=24 |series=Proceedings of the United States National Museum |publisher=Smithsonian Institution / Government Printing Office |location=Washington |date=1902 |first=Charles W. |last=Richmond| hdl=2027/coo.31924090189725?urlappend=%3Bseq=25 }}</ref> (unjustified emendation)</small><br />
*''Nesierax'' <small>[[Harry Church Oberholser|Oberholser]], 1899</small><br />
*''Nesihierax'' <small>Dubois, 1902 (unjustified emendation)</small><br />
*''Asturaetus'' <small>[[Charles Walter De Vis|De Vis]], 1906 (non ''Asturaetos'' Brehm 1855: preoccupied)</small><br />
*''Plioaetus'' <small>[[Charles Wallace Richmond|Richmond]], 1908</small><br />
*''Sushkinia'' <small>Tugarinov, 1935 (''non'' Martynov 1930: preoccupied)<!-- a prehistoric Protozygoptera/Archizygoptera "dragonfly" genus --> – see below</small><br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Falcons''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|ɒ|l|k|ən|,_|ˈ|f|ɔː|l|-|,_|ˈ|f|æ|l|-}}) are [[birds of prey]] in the [[genus]] '''''Falco''''', which includes about 40 [[species]]. Some small species of falcons with long, narrow [[bird wing|wing]]s are called [[hobby (bird)|hobbies]],<ref name="Oberprieler-2009">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GXhFAQAAIAAJ&q=Some+small+falcons+with+long,+narrow+wings+are+called+%22hobbies%22|title=The raptor guide of Southern Africa|last1=Oberprieler|first1=Ulrich|last2=Cillié|first2=Burger|date=2009|publisher=Game Parks Publishing|isbn=9780620432238|language=en}}</ref> and some that [[hover (behaviour)#Wind hoverers|hover]] while hunting are called [[kestrel]]s.<ref name="Oberprieler-2009" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J2z8CQAAQBAJ&q=falcons+which+hover+while+hunting+are+called+%22kestrels%22&pg=PP50|title=Falcons (Collins New Naturalist Library, Book 132)|last=Sale|first=Richard|date=28 July 2016|publisher=HarperCollins UK|isbn=9780007511433|language=en}}</ref> Falcons are widely distributed on all continents of the world except [[Antarctica]], though closely related raptors did occur there in the [[Eocene]].<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/s10336-015-1316-0|title=A stem falconid bird from the Lower Eocene of Antarctica and the early southern radiation of the falcons|journal=Journal of Ornithology|volume=157|issue=3|pages=885|year=2016|last1=Cenizo|first1=Marcos|last2=Noriega|first2=Jorge I.|last3=Reguero|first3=Marcelo A.|bibcode=2016JOrni.157..885C |s2cid=15517037|url=http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/107977|hdl=11336/54190|hdl-access=free}}</ref><br />
<br />
Adult falcons have thin, tapered wings, which enable them to fly at high speed and change direction rapidly. Fledgling falcons, in their first year of flying, have longer [[flight feather]]s, which make their configuration more like that of a general-purpose bird such as a [[wikt:broadwing|broadwing]]. This makes flying easier while still learning the aerial skills required to be effective hunters like the adults.<br />
<br />
The falcons are the largest genus in the Falconinae [[subfamily]] of [[Falconidae]], which also includes two other subfamilies comprising [[caracara (subfamily)|caracara]]s and a few other species of "falcons". All these birds kill prey with their [[beak]]s, using a [[beak#Tomia|tomial]] "tooth" on the side of their beaks—unlike the [[hawk]]s, [[eagle]]s and other larger birds of prey from the unrelated family [[Accipitridae]], who use [[Talon (anatomy)|talon]]s on their feet.<br />
<br />
The largest falcon is the [[gyrfalcon]] at up to {{cvt|65|cm}} in length. The smallest falcon species is the [[pygmy falcon]], which measures just {{cvt|20|cm}}. As with hawks and [[owl]]s, falcons exhibit [[sexual dimorphism]], with the females typically larger than the males, thus allowing a wider range of prey species.<ref name=SPR>{{cite journal |title= The Evolution of Reversed Sexual Dimorphism in Hawks, Falcons and Owls: a comparative study |journal= Evolutionary Ecology |volume= 19 |issue= 5 |pages= 467–486 |doi= 10.1007/s10682-005-0293-9 |year = 2005|last1 = Krüger|first1 = Oliver|s2cid= 22181702 }}</ref><br />
<br />
As is the case with many birds of prey, falcons have exceptional powers of [[Visual perception|vision]]; the [[visual acuity]] of one species has been measured at 2.6 times that of [[human eye]]s.<ref name=j1/> They are fast fliers, with the [[Peregrine falcon]]s having been recorded diving at speeds of {{cvt|200|mph|km/h|order=flip}}, making them the fastest-moving creatures on Earth; the fastest recorded dive attained a vertical speed of {{cvt|390|km/h|mph}}.<ref>"The Speed of Animals" in ''The New Book of Knowledge''. Grolier Academic Reference. 2003. p. 278. {{ISBN|071720538X}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
The [[genus]] ''Falco'' was introduced in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist [[Carl Linnaeus]] in the [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|tenth edition]] of his ''[[Systema Naturae]]''.<ref>{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1 | edition=10th | page=88 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | location=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726995 }}</ref> The [[type species]] is the [[Merlin (bird)|merlin]] (''Falco columbarius'').<ref>{{ cite book | editor-last1=Dickinson | editor-first1=E.C. | editor1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | editor-last2=Remsen | editor-first2=J.V. Jr. | editor2-link=James Van Remsen, Jr. | year=2013 | title=The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World | volume= 1: Non-passerines | edition=4th | location=Eastbourne, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-0-8 | page=349 }}</ref> The genus name {{lang|la|Falco}} is [[Late Latin]] meaning a "falcon" from {{lang|la|falx}}, {{lang|la|falcis}}, meaning "a sickle", referring to the claws of the bird.<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=63 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Shorter Oxford English dictionary on historical principles|date=2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|editor-last1=Stevenson |editor-first1=Angus |editor-last2=Brown |editor-first2=Lesley |isbn=9780199206872|edition= 6th.|location=Oxford|oclc=170973920}}</ref> In [[Middle English]] and [[Old French]], the title {{lang|enm|faucon}} refers generically to several captive raptor species.<ref name="Groombridge" /><br />
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The traditional term for a male falcon is ''tercel'' ([[British English|British spelling]]) or ''tiercel'' ([[American English|American spelling]]), from the Latin {{lang|la|tertius}} ([[3 (number)|third]]) because of the belief that only one in three eggs hatched a male bird. Some sources give the etymology as deriving from the fact that a male falcon is about one-third smaller than a female<ref>{{OEtymD|tercel}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/tercel |title= tercel |publisher= Dictionary.reference.com |access-date= 20 March 2010}}</ref><ref>"tercel", Oxford Dictionary</ref> ({{langx|fro|tiercelet}}). A falcon chick, especially one reared for [[falconry]], still in its downy stage, is known as an ''eyas''<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.thefreedictionary.com/eyas |title=eyas |publisher= Thefreedictionary.com |access-date= 20 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/dictionaries/difficultwords/data/d0005484.html |title=Dictionary of Difficult Words – eyas |publisher=Tiscali.co.uk |date=21 September 1964 |access-date=20 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105233550/http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/dictionaries/difficultwords/data/d0005484.html |archive-date=5 January 2009}}</ref> (sometimes spelled ''eyass''). The word arose by mistaken division of [[Old French]] {{lang|fro|un niais}}, from Latin presumed {{lang|la|nidiscus}} (nestling) from {{lang|la|nidus}} ([[nest]]). The technique of hunting with trained captive birds of prey is known as [[falconry]].<br />
<br />
Compared to other birds of prey, the [[fossil]] record of the falcons is not well distributed in time. For years, the oldest fossils tentatively assigned to this genus were from the Late [[Miocene]], less than 10 million years ago.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Zhiheng |last2=Zhou |first2=Zhonghe |last3=Deng |first3=Tao |last4=Li |first4=Qiang |last5=Clarke |first5=Julia A. |date=June 4, 2014 |title=A falconid from the Late Miocene of northwestern China yields further evidence of transition in Late Neogene steppe communities |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/26c878fa-ddf5-456b-81ca-afd12dd48b0a/content |journal=The Auk: Ornithological Advances |volume=131 |pages=335–350}}</ref> This coincides with a period in which many modern genera of birds became recognizable in the fossil record. As of 2021, the oldest falconid fossil is estimated to be 55 million years old.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mayr |first1=Gerald |last2=Kitchener |first2=Andrew C. |date=2021-10-01 |title=New fossils from the London Clay show that the Eocene Masillaraptoridae are stem group representatives of falcons (Aves, Falconiformes) |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=41 |issue=6 |article-number=e2083515 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2021.2083515 |issn=0272-4634|doi-access=free |bibcode=2021JVPal..41E3515M }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kirschbaum |first=Kari |title=Falconidae (falcons) |url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Falconidae/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=Animal Diversity Web |language=en}}</ref> Given the distribution of fossil and living ''Falco'' [[taxa]], falcons are probably of North American, African, or possibly Middle Eastern or European origin. Falcons are not closely related to other birds of prey, and their [[Bird of prey#Phylogeny|nearest relatives]] are [[parrots]] and [[songbirds]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Suh A, Paus M, Kiefmann M |title=Mesozoic retroposons reveal parrots as the closest living relatives of passerine birds |journal=[[Nature Communications]] |volume=2|pages=443–8 |year=2011 |pmid=21863010 |doi=10.1038/ncomms1448 |pmc=3265382 |issue=8|bibcode=2011NatCo...2..443S |display-authors=etal |article-number=443 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Overview===<br />
Falcons are roughly divisible into three or four groups. The first contains the [[kestrel]]s (probably excepting the [[American kestrel]]);<ref name=Groombridge/> usually small and stocky falcons of mainly brown upperside colour and sometimes sexually dimorphic; three African species that are generally gray in colour stand apart from the typical members of this group. The [[fox kestrel|fox]] and [[greater kestrel]]s can be told apart at first glance by their tail colours, but not by much else; they might be very close relatives and are probably much closer to each other than the lesser and common kestrels. Kestrels feed chiefly on [[terrestrial animal|terrestrial]] [[vertebrate]]s and [[invertebrate]]s of appropriate size, such as [[rodent]]s, [[reptile]]s, or [[insect]]s.<br />
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The second group contains slightly larger (on average) species, the hobbies and relatives. These birds are characterized by considerable amounts of dark slate-gray in their plumage; their [[Cheek|malar]] areas are nearly always black. They feed mainly on smaller birds.<br />
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Third are the peregrine falcon and its relatives, variably sized powerful birds that also have a black malar area (except some very light color [[morph (zoology)|morph]]s), and often a black cap, as well. They are very fast birds with a maximum speed of 390 kilometres per hour. Otherwise, they are somewhat intermediate between the other groups, being chiefly medium grey with some lighter or brownish colours on their upper sides. They are, on average, more delicately patterned than the hobbies and, if the hierofalcons are excluded (see below), this group typically contains species with horizontal barring on their undersides. As opposed to the other groups, where tail colour varies much in general but little according to [[evolution]]ary relatedness,<ref group=note>For example, tail colour in the [[common kestrel|common]] and [[lesser kestrel]]s is absolutely identical, yet they do not seem closely related.</ref> the tails of the large falcons are quite uniformly dark grey with inconspicuous black banding and small, white tips, though this is probably [[plesiomorph]]ic. These large ''Falco'' species feed on mid-sized birds and terrestrial vertebrates.<br />
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Very similar to these, and sometimes included therein, are the four or so species of [[hierofalcon]] (literally, "hawk-falcons"). They represent taxa with, usually, more [[phaeomelanin]]s, which impart reddish or brown colors, and generally more strongly patterned plumage reminiscent of [[hawk]]s. Their undersides have a lengthwise pattern of blotches, lines, or arrowhead marks.<br />
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While these three or four groups, loosely circumscribed, are an informal arrangement, they probably contain several distinct [[clade]]s in their entirety.<br />
<br />
A study of [[mtDNA]] [[cytochrome b|cytochrome ''b'']] [[DNA sequence|sequence]] data of some kestrels<ref name=Groombridge/> identified a clade containing the common kestrel and related "[[Cheek|malar]]-striped" species, to the exclusion of such taxa as the greater kestrel (which lacks a malar stripe), the lesser kestrel (which is very similar to the common, but also has no malar stripe), and the American kestrel, which has a malar stripe, but its colour pattern – apart from the brownish back – and also the black feathers behind the ear, which never occur in the true kestrels, are more reminiscent of some hobbies. The malar-striped kestrels apparently split from their relatives in the [[Gelasian]], roughly 2.0–2.5 million years ago (Mya), and are seemingly of tropical East African origin. The entire "true kestrel" group—excluding the American species—is probably a distinct and quite young [[clade]], as also suggested by their numerous [[apomorph]]ies.<br />
[[File:FalconHeadBeak.png|thumb|Most members of the genus ''Falco'' show a "tooth" on the upper [[mandible]].]]<br />
Other studies<ref name=Helbig/><ref name=Wink1998/><ref name=Wink2000/><ref name=Wink2004/><ref name=Nittinger/> have confirmed that the hierofalcon are a [[monophyly|monophyletic]] group–and that [[hybrid (biology)|hybridization]] is quite frequent at least in the larger falcon species. Initial studies of mtDNA cytochrome ''b'' sequence data suggested that the hierofalcon are [[Sister group|sister]] to other living falcons.<ref name=Helbig/><ref name=Wink1998/> The discovery of a [[Numt|NUMT]] proved this earlier theory erroneous.<ref name=Wink2000/> In reality, the hierofalcon are a rather young group, originating at the same time as the start of the main kestrel radiation, about 2 Mya. Very little fossil history exists for this lineage. However, the present diversity of very recent origin suggests that this lineage may have nearly gone extinct in the recent past.<ref name=Nittinger/><ref name=Johnson/><br />
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The phylogeny and delimitations of the peregrine and hobby groups are more problematic. Molecular studies have only been conducted on a few species, and the morphologically ambiguous taxa have often been little researched. The [[morphology (biology)|morphology]] of the [[Syrinx (bird anatomy)|syrinx]], which contributes well to resolving the overall [[phylogeny]] of the [[Falconidae]],<ref name=Griffiths1999/><ref name=Griffiths2004/> is not very informative in the present genus. Nonetheless, a core group containing the peregrine and Barbary falcons, which, in turn, group with the hierofalcon and the more distant [[prairie falcon]] (which was sometimes placed with the hierofalcon, though it is entirely distinct [[biogeographical]]ly), as well as at least most of the "typical" hobbies, are confirmed to be [[monophyly|monophyletic]] as suspected.<ref name=Helbig/><ref name=Wink1998/><br />
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Given that the American ''Falco'' species of today belong to the peregrine group, or are apparently [[Sister group|sister]] to other species in the clade, the initially most successful [[evolutionary radiation]] seemingly was a [[Holarctic]] one that originated possibly around central Eurasia or in (northern) Africa. One or several lineages were present in North America by the [[Early Pliocene]] at the latest.<br />
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The origin of today's major ''Falco'' groups—the "typical" hobbies and kestrels, for example, or the peregrine-hierofalcon complex, or the [[aplomado falcon]] lineage—can be quite confidently placed from the [[Miocene]]-[[Pliocene]] boundary through the [[Zanclean]] and [[Piacenzian]] and just into the Gelasian, that is from 2.4 to 5.3 Mya, when the malar-striped kestrels diversified. Some groups of falcons, such as the hierofalcon complex and the peregrine-Barbary superspecies, have only evolved in more recent times; the species of the former seem to be 120,000 years old or so.<ref name=Nittinger/><br />
<br />
===Species===<br />
The sequence follows the taxonomic order of White ''et al.'' (1996),<ref name=White/> except for adjustments in the kestrel sequence.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable collapsible"<br />
|-<br />
! Image !! Common name !! Scientific name !! Distribution<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Madagascar Kestrel RWD.jpg|120px]]|| [[Malagasy kestrel]]|| ''Falco newtoni'' || Madagascar, Mayotte, and the Comores.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Falco araea Seychelles Kestrel side views (cropped).jpg|120px]]|| [[Seychelles kestrel]]|| ''Falco araeus'' ||Seychelles Islands<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Mauritius_kestrel_(Falco_punctatus).jpg|120px]]|| [[Mauritius kestrel]]|| ''Falco punctatus'' || Mauritius<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Spotted kestrel flying (16862666012).jpg|120px]]|| [[Spotted kestrel]]|| ''Falco moluccensis'' ||Wallacea and Java.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Nankeen Kestrel - Bimbi.jpg|120px]]|| [[Nankeen kestrel]] or Australian kestrel || ''Falco cenchroides'' || Australia and New Guinea.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Common kestrel falco tinnunculus.jpg|120px]]|| [[Common kestrel]]|| ''Falco tinnunculus'' || Widespread in Europe, Asia, and Africa, as well as occasionally reaching the east coast of North America.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Rock Kestrel (Falco rupicolus), Mountain Zebra NP, South Africa.jpg|120px]]|| [[Rock kestrel]]|| ''Falco rupicolus'' ||Northwestern Angola and southern Democratic Republic of Congo to southern Tanzania, and south to South Africa.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Hi There (41472582).jpeg|120px]]|| [[Greater kestrel]]|| ''Falco rupicoloides'' ||Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, parts of Angola and Zambia and in much of South Africa. <br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Falco alcopex.jpg|120px]]|| [[Fox kestrel]]|| ''Falco alopex'' || South of the Sahara from Mali eastwards as far as Ethiopia and north-west Kenya. It occasionally wanders west to Senegal, the Gambia and Guinea and south to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Falco naumanni, Israel 02.jpg|120px]]|| [[Lesser kestrel]]|| ''Falco naumanni'' || Mediterranean across Central Asia into China and Mongolia.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Grey Kestrel (Falco ardosiaceus) (6861327565).jpg|120px]]|| [[Grey kestrel]]|| ''Falco ardosiaceus'' ||Ethiopia, western parts of Kenya and Tanzania.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Dickinson's Kestrel (Falco dickinsoni) (23164736424).jpg|120px]]|| [[Dickinson's kestrel]]|| ''Falco dickinsoni'' || Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia and Malawi along with north-eastern South Africa.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Cerchneis zoniventris.jpg|120px]]|| [[Banded kestrel]]|| ''Falco zoniventris'' ||Madagascar<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Red-Necked Falcon.JPG|120px]]|| [[Red-necked falcon]]|| ''Falco chicquera'' ||Africa, India<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Red-footed Falcon.jpg|120px]]|| [[Red-footed falcon]]|| ''Falco vespertinus'' ||Russia, Ukraine and bordering regions.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Amur falcon, Falco amurensis, male at Eendracht Road, Suikerbosrand, Gauteng, South Africa (25817217862).jpg|120px]]|| [[Amur falcon]]|| ''Falco amurensis'' ||South-eastern Siberia and Northern China.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Eleonorenfalke1.jpg|120px]]|| [[Eleonora's falcon]]|| ''Falco eleonorae'' ||Greece, Cyprus, the Canary Islands, Ibiza and off Spain, Italy, Croatia, Morocco and Algeria.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Sooty Falcon, Allée des Baobabs near Morondava, Madagascar.jpg|120px]]|| [[Sooty falcon]]|| ''Falco concolor'' ||Northeastern Africa to the southern Persian Gulf region.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:AmericanKestrel02.jpg|120px]]|| [[American kestrel]] or "sparrow hawk"|| ''Falco sparverius'' ||Central and western Alaska across northern Canada to Nova Scotia, and south throughout North America, into central Mexico and the Caribbean. <br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Falcão De Coleira Aplomado Falcon Falco Femoralis (45602460).jpeg|120px]]|| [[Aplomado falcon]]|| ''Falco femoralis'' ||Northern Mexico and Trinidad locally to southern South America.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Falco columbarius PP.jpg|120px]]|| [[Merlin (bird)|Merlin]] or "pigeon hawk"|| ''Falco columbarius'' || Eurasia, North Africa, North America.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:OFalco rufigularis Bat Falcon (cropped).jpg|120px]]|| [[Bat falcon]]|| ''Falco rufigularis'' || Tropical Mexico, Central and South America, and Trinidad<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Falco deiroleucus - Orange-breasted Falcon.JPG|120px]]|| [[Orange-breasted falcon]]|| ''Falco deiroleucus'' || Southern Mexico to northern Argentina.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Hobby - Falco subbuteo.jpg|120px]]|| [[Eurasian hobby]]|| ''Falco subbuteo'' ||Africa, Europe and Asia.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:African Hobby bwindi jan06 (cropped).jpg|120px]]|| [[African hobby]]|| ''Falco cuvierii'' || Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Oriental Hobby - Falco severus - Falco (2526569907).jpg|120px]]|| [[Oriental hobby]]|| ''Falco severus'' ||Eastern Himalayas and ranges southwards through Indochina to Australasia<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Australian Hobby Pikedale Jul02.JPG|120px]]|| [[Australian hobby]] or little falcon|| ''Falco longipennis'' || Australia<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Nz falcon.JPG|120px]]|| [[New Zealand falcon]] or karearea|| ''Falco novaeseelandiae'' ||New Zealand<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Brown falcon.jpg|120px]]|| [[Brown falcon]]|| ''Falco berigora'' ||Australia and New Guinea. <br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Grey Falcon (1) - Christopher Watson (cropped).jpg|120px]]|| [[Grey falcon]]|| ''Falco hypoleucos'' || Australia<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Falco subniger.jpg|120px]]|| [[Black falcon]]|| ''Falco subniger'' || Australia<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Falco biarmicus02.png|120px]]|| [[Lanner falcon]]|| ''Falco biarmicus'' || Africa, southeast Europe and just into Asia.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Laggar Falcon adult male.jpg|120px]]|| [[Laggar falcon]]|| ''Falco jugger'' || Southeastern Iran, southeastern Afghanistan, Pakistan, through India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and northwestern Myanmar.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Сокол балобан на обучении (Falco cherrug).jpg|120px]]|| [[Saker falcon]]|| ''Falco cherrug'' || Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia and China.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Gyr falcon - Falco rusticolus - Fálki 2.jpg|120px]]|| [[Gyrfalcon]]|| ''Falco rusticolus'' ||Eastern and western Greenland, Canada, Alaska, Iceland and Norway.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Falco mexicanus -San Luis Obispo, California, USA-8.jpg|120px]]|| [[Prairie falcon]]|| ''Falco mexicanus'' ||Western North America.<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Falco peregrinus m Humber Bay Park Toronto.jpg|120px]]|| [[Peregrine falcon]]|| ''Falco peregrinus'' || Cosmopolitan<br />
|-<br />
|[[File:Falco fasciinucha, Chimanimani National Park, Zimbabwe 1.jpg|120px]]|| [[Taita falcon]]|| ''Falco fasciinucha'' ||Kenya <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Extinct species===<br />
*[[Réunion kestrel]], ''Falco duboisi'' – [[Holocene extinction|extinct]] (about 1700)<br />
<br />
===Fossil record===<br />
*''[[Falco medius]]'' (Late Miocene of Cherevichnyi, Ukraine)<ref group=note>[[IZAN]] 45-4033: left [[carpometacarpus]]. Small species; possibly closer to kestrels than to peregrine lineage or hierofalcons, but may be more basal altogether due to its age</ref><ref name=Becker/><ref name=Mlikovsky/><br />
*''?Falco'' sp. (Late Miocene of Idaho)<ref group=note>[[Idaho Museum of Natural History|IMNH]] 27937. A [[coracoid]] of a [[merlin (bird)|merlin]]-sized species. It does not seem close to ''F. columbarius'' or the Recent North American species (Becker 1987).</ref><br />
*''Falco'' sp. (Early<ref name=Martin/> Pliocene of Kansas)<ref name=Feduccia/><br />
*''Falco'' sp. (Early Pliocene of Bulgaria – Early Pleistocene of Spain and Czech Republic)<ref group=note>A [[hierofalcon]] (Mlíkovský 2002)? If so, probably not close to the living species, but an earlier divergence that left no descendants; might be more than one species due to large range in time and/or include common ancestor of hierofalcons and peregrine-Barbary complex (Nittinger ''et al.'' 2005).</ref><br />
*''[[Falco oregonus]]'' (Early/Middle Pliocene of Fossil Lake, Oregon) – possibly not distinct from a living species<br />
*''[[Falco umanskajae]]'' (Late Pliocene of Kryzhanovka, Ukraine) – includes "[[Falco odessanus]]", a ''[[nomen nudum]]''<!--- not italicized --><ref name=Sobolev/><br />
*''?[[Falco bakalovi]]'' (Late Pliocene of Varshets, Bulgaria)<ref>Boev, Z. 1999. ''Falco bakalovi'' sp. n. – a Late Pliocene falcon (Falconidae, Aves) from Varshets (W Bulgaria). – Geologica Balcanica, 29 (1–2): 131–35.</ref><ref>Boev, Z. 2011. New fossil record of the Late Pliocene kestrel (''Falco bakalovi'' Boev, 1999) from the type locality in Bulgaria. – Geologica Balcanica, 40 (1–3): 13–30.</ref><br />
*''[[Falco antiquus]]'' (Middle Pleistocene of Noailles, France and possibly Horvőlgy, Hungary)<ref group=note>Supposedly a [[saker falcon]] [[paleosubspecies]] (Mlíkovský 2002), but this is not too likely due to the probable [[Eemian]] origin of that species.</ref><ref name=Nittinger/><!-- Boreas, Vol. 32, pp. 521–31. --><br />
* [[Cuban kestrel]], ''Falco kurochkini'' (Late Pleistocene/Holocene of Cuba, West Indies)<!-- RevBiol18 p155 --><br />
* ''[[Falco chowi]]'' (China)<br />
*''[[Falco bulgaricus]]'' (Late Miocene of Hadzhidimovo, Bulgaria)<ref>Boev, Z. 2011. ''Falco bulgaricus'' sp. n. (Aves, Falconiformes) from the Middle Miocene of Hadzhidimovo (SW Bulgaria). – Acta zoologica bulgarica, 63 (1): 17–35.</ref><br />
<br />
Several more paleosubspecies of extant species have also been described; see species accounts for these.<br />
<br />
''"Sushkinia" pliocaena'' from the Early Pliocene of Pavlodar (Kazakhstan) appears to be a falcon of some sort. It might belong in this genus or a closely related one.<ref name=Becker/> In any case, the genus name ''[[Sushkinia]]'' is invalid for this animal because it had already been allocated to a prehistoric [[dragonfly]] relative. In 2015 the bird genus was renamed ''[[Psushkinia]]''.<ref>Nikita V. Zelenkov; Evgeny N. Kurochkin (2015). "КЛАСС AVES". In E.N. Kurochkin; A.V. Lopatin; N.V. Zelenkov. Ископаемые позвоночные России и сопредельных стран. Ископаемые рептилии и птицы. Часть 3 / Fossil vertebrates of Russia and adjacent countries. Fossil Reptiles and Birds. Part 3. GEOS. pp. 86–290. {{ISBN|978-5-89118-699-6}}.</ref><br />
<br />
The supposed ''"Falco" pisanus'' was actually a pigeon of the genus ''[[Columba (genus)|Columba]]'', possibly the same as ''Columba omnisanctorum'', which, in that case, would adopt the older species name of the "falcon".<ref name= Mlikovsky/> The [[Eocene]] fossil ''"Falco" falconellus'' (or ''"F." falconella'') from Wyoming is a bird of uncertain affiliations, maybe a falconid, maybe not; it certainly does not belong in this genus. ''"Falco" readei'' is now considered a [[paleosubspecies]] of the [[yellow-headed caracara]] (''Milvago chimachima'').<br />
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==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Birds}}<br />
<br />
*[[Ra]]<br />
*[[Horus]]<br />
*[[Khonsu]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist|group=note}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name=Becker>{{cite journal|author=Becker, Jonathan J. |year=1987|title= Revision of ''"Falco" ramenta'' Wetmore and the Neogene evolution of the Falconidae|journal=[[Auk (journal)|Auk]]|volume=104|issue=2|pages= 270–76|jstor = 4087033|url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v104n02/p0270-p0276.pdf|doi=10.1093/auk/104.2.270}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=Feduccia>[[UMMP]] V27159, V29107, V57508-V57510, V57513/V57514 some limb bones. Slightly smaller than a [[merlin (bird)|merlin]] and more robust than [[American kestrel]], and seems not too distant from ''F. columbarius''. {{cite journal|author=Feduccia, J. Alan |year=1970|title= Some birds of prey from the Upper Pliocene of Kansas|journal=[[Auk (journal)|Auk]]|volume=87|issue=4|pages= 795–97|url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v087n04/p0795-p0797.pdf|doi=10.2307/4083714|last2=Ford|first2=Norman L.|jstor=4083714}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=Griffiths1999>{{cite journal|author=Griffiths, Carole S. |year=1999|title= Phylogeny of the Falconidae inferred from molecular and morphological data|journal=[[Auk (journal)|Auk]]|volume=116|issue=1|pages= 116–30|url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v116n01/p0116-p0130.pdf|doi=10.2307/4089459|jstor=4089459}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=Griffiths2004>{{cite journal|author1=Griffiths, Carole S. |author2=Barrowclough, George F. |author3=Groth, Jeff G. |author4=Mertz, Lisa |year=2004|title= Phylogeny of the Falconidae (Aves): a comparison of the efficacy of morphological, mitochondrial, and nuclear data|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=32|issue=1|pages= 101–09|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2003.11.019|pmid=15186800|bibcode=2004MolPE..32..101G }}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=Groombridge>{{cite journal|author1=Groombridge, Jim J. |author2=Jones, Carl G. |author3=Bayes, Michelle K. |author4=van Zyl, Anthony J. |author5=Carrillo, José |author6=Nichols, Richard A. |author7=Bruford, Michael W. |year=2002|title= A molecular phylogeny of African kestrels with reference to divergence across the Indian Ocean|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=25|issue=2|pages= 267–77|doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00254-3|pmid=12414309|bibcode=2002MolPE..25..267G }}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=Helbig>Helbig, A.J.; Seibold, I.; Bednarek, W.; Brüning, H.; Gaucher, P.; Ristow, D.; Scharlau, W.; Schmidl, D. & Wink, Michael (1994): [http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institute/fak14/ipmb/phazb/pubwink/1994/4.%201994.pdf Phylogenetic relationships among falcon species (genus Falco) according to DNA sequence variation of the cytochrome b gene]. ''In:'' Meyburg, B.-U. & Chancellor, R.D. (eds.): ''Raptor conservation today'': pp. 593–99</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=j1>{{cite journal|doi=10.1126/science.1257767|title=Falcon visual acuity|year=1976|last1=Fox|first1=R|last2=Lehmkuhle|first2=S.|last3=Westendorf|first3=D.|journal=Science|volume=192|issue=4236|pages=263–65|pmid=1257767|bibcode=1976Sci...192..263F}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=Johnson>{{cite journal|author1=Johnson, J.A. |author2=Burnham, K.K. |author3=Burnham, W.A. |author4=Mindell, D.P. |year=2007|title= Genetic structure among continental and island populations of gyrfalcons|journal=Molecular Ecology|volume=16|pages=3145–60|doi=10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03373.x|issue=15|pmid=17651193|bibcode=2007MolEc..16.3145J |url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71471/1/j.1365-294X.2007.03373.x.pdf|hdl=2027.42/71471 |s2cid=17437176 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=Martin>Fox Canyon Local Fauna, 4.3–4.8 [[million years ago]]: Martin, R.A.; Honey, J.G. & Pelaez-Campomanes, P. (2000): [http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/OFR/2000/OFR00_61/index.html The Meade Basin Rodent Project; a progress report]. Kansas Geological Survey Open-file Report 2000-61. ''Paludicola'' '''3'''(1): 1–32.</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=Mlikovsky>Mlíkovský, Jirí (2002): [http://www.nm.cz/download/JML-18-2002-CBE.pdf ''Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520101755/http://www.nm.cz/download/JML-18-2002-CBE.pdf |date=20 May 2011 }}. Ninox Press, Prague<!-- This should be treated with extreme caution as regards merging of species. Splits are usually good though. See also critical review in Auk 121:623–27 here http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3793/is_200404/ai_n9396879 --></ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=Nittinger>{{cite journal|author1=Nittinger, F. |author2=Haring, E. |author3=Pinsker, W. |author4=Wink, Michael |author5=Gamauf, A. |year=2005|title= Out of Africa? Phylogenetic relationships between ''Falco biarmicus'' and other hierofalcons (Aves Falconidae)|journal=Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research|volume=43|issue=4|pages= 321–31|doi=10.1111/j.1439-0469.2005.00326.x|url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institute/fak14/ipmb/phazb/pubwink/2005/28.2005.pdf}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=Sobolev>[[National Academy of Science of Ukraine|NNPM NAN]] 41-646. Almost complete left [[tarsometatarsus]]. Probably a prehistoric hobby, perhaps less specialized for bird hunting: Sobolev, D.V. (2003): [http://www.v-zool.kiev.ua/pdfs/2003/6/11.pdf Новый вид плиоценового сокола (Falconiformes, Falconidae)] [A new species of Pliocene falcon (Falconiformes, Falconidae)] ''Vestnik zoologii'' 37 (6): 85–87. [Russian with English abstract]</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=White>White, Clayton M.; Olsen, Penny D. & Kiff, Lloyd F. (1994): Family Falconidae. ''In:'' del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew & Sargatal, Jordi (editors): ''[[Handbook of Birds of the World]], Volume 2 (New World Vultures to Guineafowl)'': 216–75, plates 24–28. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. {{ISBN|84-87334-15-6}}</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=Wink1998>Wink, Michael; Seibold, I.; Lotfikhah, F. & Bednarek, W. (1998): [http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institute/fak14/ipmb/phazb/pubwink/1998/31.%201998.pdf Molecular systematics of holarctic raptors (Order Falconiformes)]. ''In:'' Chancellor, R.D., Meyburg, B.-U. & Ferrero, J.J. (eds.): ''Holarctic Birds of Prey'': 29–48. Adenex & WWGBP</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=Wink2000>Wink, Michael & Sauer-Gürth, Hedi (2000): [http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institute/fak14/ipmb/phazb/pubwink/2000/29.%202000.pdf Advances in the molecular systematics of African raptors]. ''In:'' Chancellor, R.D. & Meyburg, B.-U. (eds): ''Raptors at Risk'': 135–47. WWGBP/Hancock House, Berlin/Blaine.</ref><br />
<br />
<ref name=Wink2004>Wink, Michael; Sauer-Gürth, Hedi; Ellis, David & Kenward, Robert (2004): [http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institute/fak14/ipmb/phazb/pubwink/2004/27.2004.pdf Phylogenetic relationships in the Hierofalco complex (Saker-, Gyr-, Lanner-, Laggar Falcon)]. ''In:'' Chancellor, R.D. & Meyburg, B.-U. (eds.): ''Raptors Worldwide'': 499–504. WWGBP, Berlin</ref><br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
{{Refbegin}}<br />
*{{ cite journal | last1=Fuchs | first1=J. | last2=Johnson | first2=J.A. | last3=Mindell | first3=D.P. | year=2015 | title=Rapid diversification of falcons (Aves: Falconidae) due to expansion of open habitats in the Late Miocene | journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] | volume=82 | pages=166–182 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.010 | pmid=25256056 | bibcode=2015MolPE..82..166F }}<br />
{{Refend}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Wiktionary}}<br />
*[http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/falcons-caracaras-falconidae Falconidae videos] on the Internet Bird Collection, ibc.lynxeds.com<br />
*[https://www.raptorresource.org/ The Raptor Resource Project] – Peregrine, owl, eagle and osprey cams, facts, and other resources, raptorresource.org<br />
<!--Paraphyletic group; includes Polihierax semitorquatus--><br />
*{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Falcon |year=1905 |short=x}}<br />
<br />
{{Falconiformes|F.|state=collapsed}}<br />
{{Taxonbar|from=Q43489}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Birds of prey]]<br />
[[Category:Extant Miocene first appearances]]<br />
[[Category:Falco (genus)| ]]<br />
[[Category:Falcons| ]]<br />
[[Category:Falconry]]<br />
[[Category:National symbols of Saudi Arabia]]<br />
[[Category:Animal taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]<br />
[[Category:National symbols of Kuwait]]<br />
[[Category: Bird common names]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_member_associations_of_the_BCCI&diff=513077List of member associations of the BCCI2026-03-10T11:31:11Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|List of members of BCCI}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=August 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}<br />
The [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) has member associations grouped into five geographic zones: [[North India|North]], [[Central India|Central]], [[East India|East]], [[West India|West]] and [[South India|South]]. Members include [[List of Indian states|state]] associations, regional bodies, [[Union territory|union territory]] associations and institutional teams.<br />
<br />
Most of the member associations govern cricket in their respective [[States and union territories of India|states]], while some govern the sport in specific cities or regions. Others govern cricket in [[Union territory|union territories]], and some represent government institutions such as [[Indian Railways]] and the [[Indian Armed Forces]].<br />
<br />
==Affiliated Members==<br />
Membership of the Board of Control for Cricket in India is made up of Full Members and Associate Members.<ref>{{Cite book |title=BCCI Constitution PDF Archived |url=http://relaunch-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/documents/58cd5b0aa29c3-BCCI%20Constitution%20as%20Finalized%20by%20COA.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127035803/http://relaunch-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/documents/58cd5b0aa29c3-BCCI%20Constitution%20as%20Finalized%20by%20COA.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=constitution2022>{{cite book |title=BCCI Constitution |url=https://bcciplayerimages.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/bcci/documents/1638281851_BCCI-%20Constitution-.pdf |publisher=BCCI |access-date=20 September 2022 |date=2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Full Members ===<br />
The majority of full members are [[States and union territories of India|state]] cricket associations. Each state is permitted one representative, except for [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]] which have three each. There are additional representatives from Indian [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]] and Indian Armed Forces' [[Services Sports Control Board|Services]]. Changes recommended by the [[Lodha Committee]] included restricting full membership to state associations and limiting states to one full member, with the others becoming associate members,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Menon |first1=Suresh |title=Wisden India Almanack 2017 |date=23 February 2017 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9789385936500 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AqcoDgAAQBAJ }}</ref> but these have not been fully adopted by the BCCI, with existing members retaining full membership except for [[Cricket Club of India]] (Mumbai) and National Cricket Club (Kolkata).<ref name=supremecourt2018>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court approves new BCCI constitution, with a couple of key tweaks |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/supreme-court-approves-new-bcci-constitution-with-a-couple-of-key-tweaks-1154796 |access-date=2022-09-20 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|+<br />
!Name<br />
!Represents<br />
!President<br />
!Zone<br />
|-<br />
|[[Andhra Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
|[[Kesineni Sivanath]]<br />
|[[South Zone cricket team|South]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Arunachal Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br />
|T. C. Tok<br />
|[[East Zone cricket team|East]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Assam Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Assam]]<br />
|[[Taranga Gogoi]]<br />
|East<br />
|-<br />
|[[Baroda Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Vadodara]] {{small|(Gujarat)}}<br />
|Pranav Amin<br />
|[[West Zone cricket team|West]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Bihar Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Bihar]]<br />
|Rakesh Kumar Tiwary<br />
|East<br />
|-<br />
|[[Chhattisgarh State Cricket Sangh]]<br />
|[[Chhattisgarh]]<br />
|Jubin Shah<br />
|[[Central Zone cricket team|Central]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Cricket Association of Bengal]]<br />
|[[West Bengal]]<br />
|[[Sourav Ganguly]]<br />
|[[East Zone cricket team|East]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Cricket Association of Mizoram]]<br />
|[[Mizoram]]<br />
|Lalrochhuanga Pachuau<br />
|East<br />
|-<br />
|[[Cricket Association of Pondicherry]]<br />
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br />
|G. Ramachandran<br />
|South<ref>{{cite web |title=Cricket Association of Pondicherry granted associate membership by BCCI |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27472685/cricket-association-pondicherry-granted-associate-membership-bcci |website=ESPNcricinfo |date=27 August 2019}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Cricket Association of Uttarakhand]]<br />
|[[Uttarakhand]]<br />
|[[Jot Singh Gunsola]]<br />
|Central<br />
|-<br />
|[[Delhi & District Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Delhi]]<br />
|[[Rohan Jaitley]]<br />
|[[North Zone cricket team|North]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Goa Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Goa]]<br />
|Vipul Phadke<br />
|South<br />
|-<br />
|[[Gujarat Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Gujarat]]<br>{{small|(excluding [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] and [[Vadodara]])}}<br />
|Dhanraj Nathwani<br />
|West<br />
|-<br />
|[[Haryana Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Haryana]]<br />
|Paramjit Mann <br />
|North<br />
|-<br />
|[[Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
|Arun Dhumal<br />
|North<br />
|-<br />
|[[Hyderabad Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Telangana]]<br />
|Jagan Mohan Rao<br />
|South<br />
|-<br />
|[[Jammu & Kashmir Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
|Anil Gupta<br />
|North<br />
|-<br />
|[[Jharkhand State Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Jharkhand]]<br />
|Sanjay Sahay<br />
|East<br />
|-<br />
|[[Karnataka State Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Karnataka]]<br />
|Raghuram Bhat Adwai<br />
|South<br />
|-<br />
|[[Kerala Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Kerala]]<br />
|Jayesh George<br />
|South<br />
|-<br />
|[[Madhya Pradesh Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]<br />
|Abhilash Khandekar<br />
|Central<br />
|-<br />
|[[Maharashtra Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Maharashtra]]<br>{{small|(excluding [[Mumbai]] and [[Vidarbha]])}}<br />
|[[Rohit Rajendra Pawar]]<br />
|West<br />
|-<br />
|[[Manipur Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Manipur]]<br />
|Nongthombam Zico Meetei<br />
|East<br />
|-<br />
|[[Meghalaya Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Meghalaya]]<br />
|Danny Marak<br />
|East<br />
|-<br />
|[[Mumbai Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Mumbai]] {{small|(Maharashtra)}}<br />
|Ajinkya Naik<br />
|West<br />
|-<br />
|[[Nagaland Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Nagaland]]<br />
|Kechangulie Rio<br />
|East<br />
|-<br />
|[[Odisha Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Odisha]]<br />
|Pankaj Lochan Mohanty<br />
|East<br />
|-<br />
|[[Punjab Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br />
|Gulzar Inder Chahal<br />
|North<br />
|-<br />
|[[Railways Sports Promotion Board]]<br />
|[[Indian Railways]]<br />
|D. K. Gayen<br />
|Central<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rajasthan Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Rajasthan]]<br />
|Vaibhav Gahlot<br />
|Central<br />
|-<br />
|[[Saurashtra Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] and [[Kutch district|Kutch]] {{small|(Gujarat)}}<br />
|[[Jaydev Shah]]<br />
|West<br />
|-<br />
|[[Services Sports Control Board]]<br />
|[[Indian Armed Forces]]<br />
|Varun Singh<br />
|North<br />
|-<br />
|[[Sikkim Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Sikkim]]<br />
|Tika Subba<br />
|East<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Tamil Nadu]]<br />
|Dr. P. Ashok Sigamani<br />
|South<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tripura Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Tripura]]<br />
|Tapan Lodh<br />
|East<br />
|-<br />
|[[Union Territory Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Chandigarh]]<br />
|[[Sanjay Tandon]]<br />
|North <br />
|-<br />
|[[Uttar Pradesh Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
|Dr. Nidhipati Singhania<br />
|Central<br />
|-<br />
|[[Vidarbha Cricket Association]]<br />
|[[Vidarbha]] {{small|(Maharashtra)}}<br />
|Vinay Deshpande<br />
|Central<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[BCCI domestic teams]]<br />
* [[List of Indian state football associations]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.bcci.tv Official BCCI Website]<br />
<br />
{{Cricket in India}}<br />
{{BCCI Members}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Members of the Board of Control for Cricket in India}}<br />
[[Category:India cricket-related lists]]<br />
[[Category:Cricket administration in India|*Members]]<br />
[[Category:Cricket governing bodies in India| ]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big_tent&diff=473160Big tent2026-03-10T02:41:22Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Broad political party}}<br />
{{For|items relating to or named for a big top tent|Big Top (disambiguation){{!}}Big Top}}<br />
{{use mdy dates|date=January 2012}}<br />
{{party politics|types}}<br />
<br />
A '''big-tent party''', or '''catch-all party''', is a [[political party]] having members covering a broad spectrum of beliefs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Definition of "big tent" in English|url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/big_tent|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213121332/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/big_tent|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 13, 2019|website=oxforddictionaries.com|publisher=[[Oxford English Dictionary]]|access-date=2 May 2017}}</ref> This is in contrast to other kinds of parties, which defend a determined ideology, seek voters who adhere to that ideology, and attempt to convince people towards it.<br />
<br />
==Examples==<br />
===Armenia===<br />
Following the [[2018 Armenian parliamentary election]], the [[My Step Alliance]] rose to power on an anti-corruption and pro-democracy platform. The alliance has been described as maintaining a big tent ideology, as the alliance did not support any one particular political position. Instead, it focused on strengthening [[Armenia]]'s civil society and economic development.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://europeelects.eu/2018/12/04/armenian-snap-elections-seen-as-the-final-chapter-of-the-velvet-revolution/|title=Armenian snap elections seen as the final chapter of the Velvet Revolution|website=Europe Elects|date=December 4, 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-10-25}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Australia===<br />
The [[Liberal Party of Australia]] and its predecessors originated as an alliance of liberals and conservatives in opposition to the [[Australian Labor Party]], beginning with the [[Commonwealth Liberal Party]] in 1909. This ideological distinction has endured to the present day, with the modern Liberal Party frequently described as a "[[broad church]]", a term popularised by former leader and Prime Minister [[John Howard]]. In this context, "broad church" is largely synonymous with "big tent". In the 21st century, the party is often characterised as having a "small-l liberal" wing and a conservative wing, which frequently come into conflict with each other. The party has historically found strong support primarily from the middle-class, though it has in recent decades appealed to socially conservative working-class voters.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/divergent-views-vital-to-howards-broad-church-20050322-gdkz67.html|title=Divergent views vital to Howard's broad church|publisher=Sydney Morning Herald|date=22 March 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://theconversation.com/can-the-liberal-party-hold-its-broad-church-of-liberals-and-conservatives-together-93575|title=Can the Liberal Party hold its 'broad church' of liberals and conservatives together?|date=10 April 2018|publisher=The Conversation}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Argentina===<br />
From its foundation the [[Justicialist Party]] has been a [[Peronism|Peronist]] catch-all party, which focuses on the figure of [[Juan Perón]] and his wife [[Eva Perón|Eva]]. Since [[Nestor Kirchner]] took the presidency in 2003, the party is considered as part of center-left coalition. It has divided into left-wing and right-wing factions, with [[left-wing populist]] [[Kirchnerism|Kirchnerists]] now dominating the party. Despite this, the [[Federal Peronism|right-wing]] faction still exists.<br />
<br />
[[Juntos por el Cambio]] is an Argentine big tent political coalition. It was created in 2015 as Cambiemos. It is composed of [[Republican Proposal]] ([[Centre-right politics|centre-right]]), [[Civic Coalition ARI]] ([[Centrism|centre]]) and [[Radical Civic Union]] ([[Centrism|centre]]), with common goals to oppose Peronist parties. It is considered as part of center-right coalition.<br />
<br />
=== Bangladesh ===<br />
<br />
In Bangladesh [[Awami League|Awami League's]] [[Grand Alliance (Bangladesh)]] and [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP's]] [[20 Party Alliance]] forms coalition with a wide range of parties, thus being catch all parties.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-08 |title=OP-ED: How the house of cards came crashing down |url=https://archive.dhakatribune.com/opinion/op-ed/2021/04/08/op-ed-how-the-house-of-cards-came-crashing-down}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Brazil ===<br />
In Brazil, the [[Centrão]] ({{Literal translation|big centre}}) is a term for a large bloc of political parties that do not have a specific or consistent ideological orientation, and focus on negotiating support for the government in exchange for positions, resources, and political influence. These parties tend to form the parliamentary base of different administrations, shifting positions as needed, and play a decisive role in forming majorities in the [[Brazilian National Congress|National Congress]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2018-07-29 |title=Centrão vive quarta encarnação, agora restrito ao fisiologismo |url=https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/centrao-vive-quarta-encarnacao-agora-restrito-ao-fisiologismo-22929632 |work=O Globo |language=pt-br}}</ref> The [[Brazilian Democratic Movement]] (MDB) is one of the oldest and most notable "Centrão" and Big Tent parties in Brazil; despite being Brazil's largest party, both in number of members and number of officials elected, it has never elected a [[President of Brazil|President]], but has used its position as the largest party as a "bargaining chip" for privileges and advantages.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benites |first=Talita Bedinelli, Afonso |date=2017-12-19 |title=PMDB volta a se chamar MDB: retorno ao passado para aplacar crise de imagem |url=https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2017/12/19/politica/1513695154_142381.html |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=El País Brasil |language=pt-br}}</ref> MDB was founded in 1965 at the start of the [[Brazilian military dictatorship]] as part of an enforced [[two-party system]] by the dictatorship, in which the only allowed parties were [[National Renewal Alliance Party]] (ARENA), a catch-all party representing the interests of the dictatorship, and MDB, formed to represent a wide-range moderate and less radical opposition to the dictatorship, without a clear program except the democratization of the country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deak |first=Andre |date=2014-11-12 |title=Partidos políticos |url=https://memoriasdaditadura.org.br/partidos-politicos/ |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=Memórias da ditadura |language=pt-BR}}</ref> <br />
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Brazil also has a number of minor parties known as "{{ill|Rental Party|lt=Rental Parties|pt|Partido de aluguel}}" ({{langx|pt|Partido de Aluguel}}), or "dwarf parties" ({{langx|pt|Partidos Nanicos}}), that generally have a "catch-all" alignment, with no electoral base of their own, existing primarily to negotiate political support, access to resources, or advertising time.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2025-10-07 |language=pt-br |title=Fim da coligação e partido de aluguel {{!}} Gazeta Digital |url=https://www.gazetadigital.com.br/editorias/opiniao/fim-da-coligacao-e-partido-de-aluguel/496091 |website=Fim da coligação e partido de aluguel {{!}} Gazeta Digital}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><br />
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Other Big Tent ''centrão'' parties include the [[Progressistas|Progressists]] (PP), [[Brazilian Labour Party (current)|Brazilian Labour Party]] (PTB), [[Podemos (Brazil)|We Can]] (PODE), [[Brazil Union]] (UB), [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)|Social Democratic Party]] (PSD), [[Social Christian Party (Brazil)|Social Christian Party]] (PSC), [[Act (Brazil)|Act]] (AGIR), [[Patriota|Patriot]] (PATRI), [[Avante (political party)|Forward]] (AVANTE), [[Solidariedade|Solidarity]] (SD).<ref>{{Cite news |title=O que é o poderoso centrão, que pode definir o sucessor de Cunha |language=pt-BR |work=BBC News Brasil |url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-36771079 |access-date=2022-09-24}}</ref><br />
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===China===<br />
The [[Kuomintang]] (KMT), the ruling party of the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] (1912–1949), operated as a catch-all party encompassing a wide ideological spectrum, from the "diehard Right" to the "pink Left." However, following its defeat in the [[Chinese Civil War]] and the [[Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan|Great Retreat]] in 1949, the KMT in Taiwan gradually transitioned into a more consolidated conservative right-wing party.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 October 1946 |title=GENERALS OUTBID CHINESE LIBERALS; Their Military Success Makes Compromise Less Likely |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1946/10/06/archives/generals-outbid-chinese-liberals-their-military-success-makes.html |access-date=3 February 2026 |work=[[The New York Times]] |quote=Although China has a one-party Government, the Kuomintang is actually a '''catch-all''' of coalition groups ranging from the diehard Right to the pink Left. On the Right are such men as Gen. Ho Ying-chin and Minister of Organization Chen Li-fu; on the Left are such men as Dr. Sun Fo and Shao Li-tze, Secretary General of the People's Political Council. }}</ref><br />
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===Canada===<br />
At the federal level, Canada has been dominated by two big tent parties practicing "brokerage politics."{{efn| name=politics|Brokerage politics: "A Canadian term for successful big tent parties that embody a [[pluralism (political philosophy)|pluralistic]] catch-all approach to appeal to the median Canadian voter... adopting [[Centrism|centrist policies]] and [[Electoral alliance|electoral coalitions]] to satisfy the short-term preferences of a majority of electors who are not located on the ideological fringe."<ref name="MarlandGiasson2012">{{cite book|first1=Alex |last1=Marland |first2=Thierry |last2=Giasson |first3=Jennifer |last3=Lees-Marshment |title=Political Marketing in Canada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GSeSaYPa2A4C&pg=PA257|year=2012|publisher=UBC Press|isbn=978-0-7748-2231-2|page=257}}</ref><ref name="CourtneySmith2010">{{cite book|author1=John Courtney|author2=David Smith|title=The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5KomEXgxvMcC&pg=PA195|year=2010|publisher=OUP USA|isbn=978-0-19-533535-4|page=195}}</ref>}}<ref name="Brooks2004">{{cite book|first=Stephen |last=Brooks|title=Canadian Democracy: An Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/canadiandemocrac0000broo_m5a9|url-access=registration |year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-541806-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/canadiandemocrac0000broo_m5a9/page/265 265]|quote= two historically dominant political parties have avoided ideological appeals in favour of a flexible centrist style of politics that is often labelled "brokerage politics"}}</ref><ref name="Johnson2016c">{{cite book|first=David |last=Johnson|title=Thinking Government: Public Administration and Politics in Canada, Fourth Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I_HzDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|year=2016|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-3521-0|pages=13–23|quote=...most Canadian governments, especially at the federal level, have taken a moderate, centrist approach to decision making, seeking to balance growth, stability, and governmental efficiency and economy...}}</ref><ref name="BaumerGold2015">{{cite book|first1=Donald C. |last1=Baumer|first2=Howard J. |last2=Gold|title=Parties, Polarization and Democracy in the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uBbvCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT152|date= 2015|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-25478-2|page=152}}</ref> Both the [[Liberal Party of Canada]] and the [[Conservative Party of Canada]] (and its [[Conservative Party of Canada#Predecessors|predecessors]]) have attracted support from a broad spectrum of voters.<ref name="Smith2014">{{cite book|first=Miriam |last=Smith|title=Group Politics and Social Movements in Canada: Second Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iG4rAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17|year=2014|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-0695-1|page=17|quote=Canada's party system has long been described as a “brokerage system” in which the leading parties (Liberal and Conservative) follow strategies that appeal across major [[cleavage (politics)|social cleavages]] in an effort to defuse potential tensions.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Plurality-Majority Electoral Systems: A Review |url=http://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=rec/fra/sys/courtney&document=courtney&lang=e |website=Elections Canada|quote= First Past the Post in Canada has favoured broadly-based, accommodative, centrist parties...|author=Elections Canada|year=2018}}</ref><ref name="Olive2015c">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bvw_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA55|title=The Canadian Environment in Political Context|author=Andrea Olive|date=2015|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-0871-9|pages=55–60}}</ref> Although parties such as the Quebec nationalist [[Bloc Québécois]] have elected members to the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]], [[far-right]] and [[far-left]] parties have never gained a prominent force in Canadian society and have never formed a government in the [[Canadian Parliament]].<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1080/13537113.2015.1032033|title = Canadian Multiculturalism and the Absence of the Far Right| journal=Nationalism and Ethnic Politics| volume=21| issue=2| pages=213–236|year = 2015|last1 = Ambrose|first1 = Emma| last2=Mudde| first2=Cas|s2cid = 145773856}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/27/world/canada/canadas-secret-to-resisting-the-wests-populist-wave.html|title=Canada's Secret to Resisting the West's Populist Wave|newspaper=The New York Times|year=2017|last1=Taub|first1=Amanda}}</ref><ref name="MarlandGiasson2012"/><br />
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===Colombia===<br />
In Colombia, the presumed [[League of Anti-Corruption Governors]], led by the former presidential candidate, sometimes referred to as "the Colombian Trump", has been described as a "catch-all party",<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-31 |title=Elecciones presidenciales en Colombia: la hora de la esperanza |url=https://perio.unlp.edu.ar/2022/05/31/elecciones-presidenciales-en-colombia-la-hora-de-la-esperanza/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social - UNLP}}</ref> although analysts agree that it belongs to a more or less [[authoritarian]] [[right-wing]]. That is to say to a type of [[extreme right]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-15 |title=La Justicia obliga a Rodolfo Hernández a debatir con Gustavo Petro ante el balotaje en Colombia |work=Tiempo Argentino |url=https://www.tiempoar.com.ar/mundo/la-justicia-obliga-a-rodolfo-hernandez-a-debatir-con-gustavo-petro-ante-el-balotaje-en-colombia/ |access-date=2023-06-29|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Schneider |first=Aaron |title=Colombia's Hernandez is offering a passive revolution from above |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2022/6/8/colombia-right-wing-populism-anti-corruption-and-revolution-fro |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
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===Finland===<br />
The centre-right [[National Coalition Party]] has been described as catch-all party supporting the interests of the urban middle classes.<ref name="Karvonen2014">{{cite book|last=Karvonen|first=Lauri|title=Parties, Governments and Voters in Finland: Politics Under Fundamental Societal Transformation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SxmCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20|year= 2014|publisher=ECPR Press|isbn=978-1-910259-33-7|page=20}}</ref><br />
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===France===<br />
The [[La République En Marche!|Renaissance]] party (formerly La République En Marche!) founded by President [[Emmanuel Macron]] has been described as a centrist party with a catch-all nature.<ref name="Francesco-Mayot">{{cite book|author=Sophie Di Francesco-Mayot|chapter=The French Parti Socialiste (2010–16): from office to crisis|editor1=Rob Manwaring|editor2=Paul Kennedy|title=Why the Left Loses: The Decline of the Centre-Left in Comparative Perspective|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VFI8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162|year=2017|publisher=Policy Press|isbn=978-1-4473-3269-5|page=162}}</ref><br />
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===Germany===<br />
Both the [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]]/[[Christian Social Union in Bavaria]] (CDU/CSU) and the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] (SPD) are considered big tent or catch-all parties, known in German as ''Volksparteien'' ("people's parties").<ref name="HertnerSloam2014">{{cite book|last1=Hertner|first1=Isabelle|last2=Sloam|first2=James|chapter=The Europeanisation of the German Party System|editor=Erol Külahci|title=Europeanisation and Party Politics: How the EU affects Domestic Actors, Patterns and Systems|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H8T9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA35|year=2014|publisher=ECPR Press|isbn=978-1-907301-84-1|page=35}}</ref><br />
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===India===<br />
The [[Indian National Congress]] attracted support from Indians of all classes, castes and religions supportive of the [[Indian independence movement]].<ref name="MeyerBrysac2012">{{cite book|last1=Meyer|first1=Karl Ernest|last2=Brysac|first2=Shareen Blair|title=Pax Ethnica: Where and How Diversity Succeeds|url=https://archive.org/details/paxethnicawhereh0000meye|url-access=registration|access-date=7 April 2016|year=2012|publisher=PublicAffairs|isbn=9781610390484|pages=[https://archive.org/details/paxethnicawhereh0000meye/page/64 64]–}}</ref> The [[Janata Party]] which came into power in India in 1977, was a catch-all party that consisted of people with different ideologies opposed to [[The Emergency (India)|The Emergency]].<ref name="centrist3">{{cite web|title=Political Parties - NCERT|url=https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/jess406.pdf|access-date=8 May 2021|publisher=[[National Council of Educational Research and Training]]}}</ref><br />
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===Ireland===<br />
[[Fine Gael]] and [[Fianna Fáil]] are considered catch-all parties and are supported by people from different social classes and political ideologies.<ref name="Weeks2018">{{cite book|last=Weeks |first=Liam |chapter= Parties and the party system |editor1= John Coakley |editor2= Michael Gallagher |title= Politics in the Republic of Ireland: Sixth Edition |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=oW5ADwAAQBAJ&pg=PT156|year=2018|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-31269-7|page=156}}</ref> The two parties are usually described as being very similar in their current and recent policies, both being positioned on the [[centre-right politics|centre-right]] with a [[liberal-conservative]] ideology. The reasons for their remaining separate are mainly historical, with those who supported the [[Anglo-Irish Treaty]] in the 1920s eventually becoming Fine Gael and those who opposed the treaty having joined Fianna Fáil to seek an independent Ireland.<br />
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===Italy===<br />
In Italy, the [[Five Star Movement]], founded and formerly led by the comedian and actor [[Beppe Grillo]], has been described as a catch-all [[protest party]] and "post-ideological big tent" because its supporters do not share similar policy preferences, are split on major economic and social issues and are united largely based on "anti-establishment" sentiments.<ref name="FTFive">Valentina Romei, [https://www.ft.com/content/553bcf9a-d326-11e6-b06b-680c49b4b4c0 Five Star Movement: the protest party explained in charts: Direct democracy and rejection of binary politics brings success but stunts maturity], ''Financial Times'' (January 10, 2017).</ref> The Five Star Movement's "successful campaign formula combined anti-establishment sentiments with an economic and political protest which extends beyond the boundaries of traditional political orientations", but its "'catch-all' formula" has limited its ability to become "a mature, functional, effective and coherent contender for government".<ref name="FTFive"/><br />
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=== Japan ===<br />
The [[New Frontier Party (Japan)|New Frontier Party]], which existed from 1994 to 1997, was considered a big political party because it was created to oppose the LDP by people of various ideologies, including social democrats, liberals, neoliberals, Buddhist democrats, and conservatives.<ref>{{cite book |editor1=Ronald J. Hrebenar |editor2=Akira Nakamura |title=Party Politics in Japan: Political Chaos and Stalemate in the 21st Century |quote= The initial period of party system change found its first culmination in 1996 when a new catch-all party, the Shinshinto (New Frontier Party), got founded by Ozawa and others. |date=2014 |page=81 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=9781317745976 }}</ref><br />
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The former main [[centre-left]] opposition, the [[Democratic Party of Japan]] (DPJ), was Japan's version of third way politics and served since the mid-1990s as a ‘big tent party’ for a plethora of heterogeneous groups ranging from two [[socialist]] parties to [[Liberalism in Japan|liberal]] and [[conservative]] groups.<ref name="IPS">{{cite news |last=Spremberg |first=Felix |title=How Japan's Left is repeating its unfortunate history |url=https://www.ips-journal.eu/topics/democracy/how-japans-left-is-repeating-its-unfortunate-history-4819/ |access-date=19 November 2021 |work=International Politics & Society Journal |date=25 November 2020|quote=The former main centre-left opposition, the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), was Japan’s version of third way politics and served since the mid-1990s as a ‘big tent party’ for a plethora of heterogeneous groups ranging from two socialist parties to liberal and conservative groups.}}</ref><br />
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===Mexico===<br />
The [[Institutional Revolutionary Party]] (PRI) held power in Mexico for 71 uninterrupted years, from 1929 to 2000. It was founded after the [[Mexican Revolution]] by Mexican president [[Plutarco Elías Calles]]. Then known as the National Revolutionary Party, it was founded with the intent of providing a political space to allow all surviving leaders and combatants of the Mexican Revolution to participate and to resolve the grave political crisis that had been caused by the assassination of President-elect [[Álvaro Obregón]] in 1928. Throughout its nine-decade existence, the PRI has adopted a vast array of ideologies, which have often been determined by the [[President of Mexico|president of the republic]] in office at the time. The party nationalized the petroleum industry in 1938 and the banking industry in 1982. In the 1980s, the party went through reforms that shaped its current incarnation, with policies characterized as centre-right, such as the [[privatization]] of state-run companies, closer relations with the [[Catholic]] Church, and embracing [[free-market capitalism]] and neoliberal policies.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/english/meade-king-mexican-sandwich |title=Meade, the King of the Mexican Sandwich |newspaper=[[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]] |date=January 11, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Russell2009">{{cite book |last=Russell |first=James W. |title=Class and Race Formation in North America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PZgR6ubuUXcC&pg=PA155 |date=2009 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-9678-4 |page=155}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L2jwAwAAQBAJ&q=%22Institutional+Revolutionary+Party%22+center-right&pg=PA334 |title=Comparative Politics: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in a Changing Global Order |first1=Jeffrey |last1=Kopstein |first2=Mark |last2=Lichbach |first3=Stephen E. |last3=Hanson |date=July 21, 2014 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781139991384 |access-date=April 6, 2018}}</ref><br />
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The [[National Regeneration Movement]], founded by [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]], has often been described as a big-tent party because of the various constituents who joined its ranks during the 2018 Mexican general elections.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mexico 2018: How AMLO Took a Page from the PRI Playbook|url=https://www.americasquarterly.org/content/mexico-2018-how-amlo-took-page-pri-playbook|work=Americas Quarterly|first=Macario|last=Schettino|quote=Morena's star has risen so quickly because it offers refuge to such a wide range of beliefs and ideologies. The party has room for old guard supporters of Hugo Chávez and Fidel Castro, young leftist academics, former PRI leaders, evangelical Christians, actors, athletes, and even the odd business tycoon or two. In this way the party resembles the big tent of the PRI, which more than a guiding philosophy was guided by the administration of political power.|date=6 June 2018|access-date=18 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607003117/https://www.americasquarterly.org/content/mexico-2018-how-amlo-took-page-pri-playbook|archive-date=June 7, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mexican leftist's 'big tent' pitch puts presidency in sight|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-election-analysis/mexican-leftists-big-tent-pitch-puts-presidency-in-sight-idUSKBN1GW2UZ|work=Reuters|first=Dave|last=Graham|date=20 March 2018|access-date=18 September 2018|quote=In a few months, he has assembled a coalition stretching from socially conservative Christian evangelicals to admirers of socialist Venezuela and business tycoons, each with contrasting visions for Mexico. Dozens of lawmakers from across the political spectrum have switched sides to join Lopez Obrador’s National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), a party that is not yet four years old.}}</ref> [[Juntos Hacemos Historia]] is a big-tent alliance led by the National Regeneration Movement that contested the [[2021 Mexican legislative election]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Morena, PT y PVEM presentan alianza 'Juntos hacemos historia' para elecciones de 2021|url=https://elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/morena-pt-y-pvem-presentan-alianza-juntos-hacemos-historia-para-elecciones-de-2021|access-date=2021-02-22|website=El Financiero|date=December 24, 2020 |language=es}}</ref> The successor alliance, [[Sigamos Haciendo Historia]], has been described by some political scientists as catch-all.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Almaraz |first=Karina |date=2024-05-28 |title=Ideología de Morena y coalición Sigamos Haciendo Historia: cuál es |url=https://www.telediario.mx/politica/elecciones/ideologia-morena-coalicion-sigamos-historia-cual-es |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=Telediario México |language=es-MX |quote=“Yo designaría a Morena como un partido 'cacha todo', en donde la dirigencia ha buscado perfiles de candidatos con bases electorales que ayuden a generar más voto sin necesariamente ser de izquierda o tener una ideología determinada”, dijo Enrique Solis, consultor de políticas públicas y asuntos públicos consultado para esta nota. |trans-quote=I would designate Morena as a 'cacha all' party, where the leadership has sought profiles of candidates with electoral bases that help generate more votes without necessarily being left-wing nor having a determined ideology, said Enrique Solis, public policy and public affairs consultant consulted for this excerpt.}}</ref><br />
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The [[Ecologist Green Party of Mexico]] has often been described in terms of catch all politics. AP News describes it as a "strange political group" that almost always joins the governing party's coalition to maintain influence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-14 |title=Mexico's small, oft-questioned Green Party to become the second-largest force in Congress |url=https://apnews.com/article/mexico-green-party-second-force-congress-opportunism-4b6edb2251e39870a84af954456f0556 |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> According to Muñoz Patraca, a professor of political science at [[National Autonomous University of Mexico|UNAM]], the PVEM is not a political party like other movements in favor of democratization, or economic or social struggles. Rather, the party serves, in name only, to concerns about the environment - escaping the traditional left-right ideological axis.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Espejel Espinoza |first=Alberto |title=Tendencias Organizacionales y Democracia Interna en Los Partidos Políticos en México: Los Casos Del PAN, PRI, PRD, PT, PVEM, MC y MORENA |date=2022 |publisher=Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre la Universidad y la Educacion |others=Mariela Díaz Sandoval |isbn=978-607-30-5637-3 |location=Ciudad de México |publication-date=2022 |pages=189}}</ref> Miguel Angel Toro, the Director of the Bachelor's Degree in Government and Public Transformation at Tecnológico de Monterrey, describes the party as a "party that has no ideology... It’s been with parties who are on the right, center, and the left.” Critically, Toro says, “the big parties overestimate the votes the Partido Verde can bring in, so the party always ends up with more seats than they would have gotten. That gives the Green Party more life than it should have.” <ref>{{Cite news |last=Rios |first=Lorena |date=2021-06-30 |title=Green Like AstroTurf—or Dollars |url=https://slate.com/technology/2021/06/mexico-green-party-politics-amlo-environmental-policy.html |access-date=2025-02-13 |work=Slate |language=en-US |issn=1091-2339}}</ref><br />
===Portugal===<br />
The centre-left [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist Party]] (PS) and centre-right [[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|Social Democratic Party]] (PSD) have been described as catch-all parties.<ref name="Lisi2014">{{cite book |last1= Lisi |first1= Marco |last2= Freire |first2= André |chapter=The selection of political party leaders in Portugal |editor1= Jean-Benoit Pilet |editor2= William Cross |title= The Selection of Political Party Leaders in Contemporary Parliamentary Democracies: A Comparative Study |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_2mvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA124 |year=2014 |publisher= Routledge |isbn= 978-1-317-92945-1 |page=124}}</ref><br />
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===Romania===<br />
Romania's [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]] has been referred to as a catch-all party. Political analyst Radu Magdin described it in December 2016 as having conservative values, while being [[Economic liberalism|economically liberal]], and espousing left-leaning rhetoric on public policies.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/pragmatism-is-a-winner-for-romanian-left-social-democrats-psd-corruption-scandal-liviu-dragnea-victor-ponta-elections/ |title=Pragmatism is a winner for Romanian Left |work=Politico |first=Carmen|last=Păun |date=13 December 2016|access-date=20 May 2023}}</ref><br />
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===Spain===<br />
[[Citizens (Spanish political party)|Citizens]] (Spanish: ''Ciudadanos'') has been considered as an example of [[astroturfing]] in the [[Mass media in Spain|Spanish media]] since 2015. Originally founded as a [[social-democratic]] regional party opposed to [[Catalan nationalism]], the party switched to a catch-all message to attract votes from the right to the moderate left in the party's appearance in the national political landscape. Its stance includes a mix of [[liberalism]] and [[pro-Europeanism]], but the party has also embraced [[populist]] views on the legitimacy of its political opponents; [[conservative]] views on topics such as the criminal system and personal property and [[Spanish nationalism|Spanish nationalist]] positions. It has become one of the most recognisable catch-all parties in the history of the country. In the mid-2010s, however, the party's main ideology is perceived to have drifted towards the right, with [[Albert Rivera]] admitting that it would not agree to form a coalition with the two main centre-left and left parties after the [[April 2019 Spanish general election]], regardless of the results.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.abc.es/espana/20150516/abci-partidos-ciudadanos-ideologias-201505151650.html |title=¿Ciudadanos es de izquierdas o de derechas? |date=2015-05-15 |access-date=2019-04-25 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.elespanol.com/opinion/20190303/albert-rivera-no-pactar-psoe-sanchez-echaremos/380212377_0.html |title=Albert Rivera: "No vamos a pactar con el PSOE ni con Sánchez, les echaremos y punto" |date=2019-03-03 |access-date=2019-04-25 |language=es-ES}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.eldiario.es/piedrasdepapel/va-Ciudadanos-derecha_6_833326686.html |title=¿Se va Ciudadanos a la derecha? Sí, pero quizás no tanto |last=Orriols |first=Lluís |access-date=2019-04-25 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425210241/https://www.eldiario.es/piedrasdepapel/va-Ciudadanos-derecha_6_833326686.html |archive-date=April 25, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Furthermore, some commentators argue that Ciudadanos was attempting to supplant the [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]], which suffered massive losses as the hegemonic party of the right and thus contributed to the shift in Ciudadanos to the right. Similarly, Ciudadanos has allied with both the conservative People's Party and the far-right [[Vox (political party)|Vox]] to achieve coalitions in regional parliaments. That has given rise to the expression "the three rights" or colloquially "''El Trifachito"'' to describe the grouping, which defines its opposition as "the left".<br />
<br />
=== South Africa ===<br />
The [[African National Congress]] (ANC) has been the governing party of [[South Africa]] since the country's [[1994 South African general election|first democratic election, in 1994]], and it has been described by the media as a "big tent" party.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-05-05-curiouser-and-curiouser-the-strange-case-of-the-2019-elections/|title=2019 Elections - ANALYSIS: Curiouser and Curiouser – the strange case of the 2019 elections|last=Grootes|first=Stephen|website=Daily Maverick|date=May 5, 2019|language=en|access-date=2019-11-09}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/political-opening-south-africa|title=A Political Opening in South Africa|last=Campbell|first=John|date=July 18, 2017|work=Council on Foreign Relations|access-date=2019-11-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africasacountry.com/2019/03/south-africas-third-way-revival|title=South Africa's Third Way revival|last=Shoki|first=William|date=April 2019|website=africasacountry.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2010-09-15-anc-stability-shakes-sas-economic-future/|title=ANC stability shakes SA's economic future|last=Herskovitz|first=Jon|website=The M&G Online|date=September 15, 2010|language=en|access-date=2019-11-09}}</ref> An important aspect of its electoral success has been its ability to include a diverse range of political groups most notably in the form of the [[Tripartite Alliance]] between the ANC; the [[South African Communist Party]]; and the country's largest trade union, [[Congress of South African Trade Unions|COSATU]].<ref name=":0" /> Additional interest groups in the party are members of the business community and traditional leaders.<br />
<br />
===United Kingdom===<br />
When [[Gordon Brown]] became the [[prime minister of the United Kingdom]] in 2007, he invited several members from outside the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] into [[Brown ministry|his government]]. They included former CBI Director-General [[Digby Jones]] who became a Minister of State and former [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]] leader [[Paddy Ashdown]] who was offered the position of [[Northern Ireland Secretary]] (Ashdown turned down the offer).<ref>{{cite news|title=In full: Brown's government|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6255914.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|date=June 29, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The fallout from Brown's job offer|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6225674.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|date=June 21, 2007}}</ref> The media often referred to Brown's ministry as "a [[Premiership of Gordon Brown#"Government of All the Talents"|government of all the talents]]" or simply "Brown's big tent".<ref>{{cite news|title=First 100 days: Gordon Brown|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7027581.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|date=October 5, 2007}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[All for Unity]] was a big tent anti-SNP electoral alliance that contested the [[2021 Scottish Parliament election]] but failed to win any seats.<ref>{{Cite news|first1=Kieran|last1=Andrews|last2=Wade|first2=Mike|title=Galloway's bid to form united front to save Union shunned|newspaper=[[The Times]]|language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/galloways-bid-to-form-united-front-to-save-union-shunned-lwc3shxjb|access-date=2021-03-28|issn=0140-0460}}</ref><br />
<br />
===United States===<br />
The [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] was a "big-tent" party during the [[New Deal coalition]], which was formed to support President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s [[New Deal]] policies from the 1930s to the 1960s.<ref name="King">{{cite book |first=David C. |last=King |author-link=David C. King |chapter=The Polarization of American Parties and Mistrust of Government |title=Why People Don't Trust Government |editor1-first=Joseph S. |editor1-last=Nye |editor1-link=Joseph S. Nye |editor2-first=Philip |editor2-last=Zelikow |editor2-link=Philip Zelikow |editor3-first=David C. |editor3-last=King |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1997}}</ref> The coalition brought together [[Trade union|labor unions]], working-class voters, lower-middle class voters, farm organizations, secular liberals, [[Southern Democrats]], [[African Americans]], urban voters, and immigrants.<ref>{{cite book |first=Lisa |last=Young |title=Feminists and Party Politics |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=2000 |page=84}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Holly M. |last=Allen |title=New Deal Coalition |encyclopedia=Class in America: An Encyclopedia |volume=2: H–P |editor-first=Robert E. |editor-last=Weir<!--not Wier--> |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2007 |page=571 |quote=During the 1930s liberals, labor unions, white ethnics, African Americans, farm groups, and Southern whites united to form the New Deal coalition. Though never formally organized, the coalition was sufficiently cohesive to make the Democratic Party the majority party from 1931 into the 1980s. Democrats won seven out of nine presidential contests and maintained majorities in both houses of Congress from 1932 to 1964. The divisiveness of the Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War, the increasing segmentation of the labor force, and waning influence of unions, and the relative weakness of Democratic Party leadership are among the factors that led to the coalition's erosion in the late 1960s.}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the 1974 [[Dallas Accord]], the [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]] embraced the big-tent idea to the extent it ensured that the [[anarcho-capitalism|anarcho-capitalist]] views would not be excluded from the majority [[minarchism|minarchist]] party.<ref>{{cite book |first=Paul |last=Gottfried |title=The conservative movement: Social movements past and present |publisher=Twayne |year=1993 |page=46}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Libertarian Socialist Caucus of the [[Democratic Socialists of America]] identifies DSA as a "big tent" organization amongst the [[American left]], as individual members are aligned with a wide range of socialist ideologies, including [[social democracy]], [[democratic socialism]], the [[democratic road to socialism]], [[Trotskyism]], [[Marxism–Leninism]], and [[anarchism]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-31 |title=A Guide to DSA Politics |url=https://dsa-lsc.org/2025/01/31/a-guide-to-dsa-politics/ |access-date=2025-10-24 |website=Democratic Socialists of America's Libertarian Socialist Caucus |quote=Under this umbrella fall ideologies such as Trotskyism, anarchism, reformism, orthodox Marxism, libertarian Marxism, the democratic road to socialism, Marxism–Leninism, and more. In other words, there is no such thing as being 'more left-wing than DSA'—the organization is meant to be a big tent that includes all socialists from the center-left to the far-left.}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Other examples==<br />
{{div col}}<br />
* [[ANO 2011]], Czech Republic<br />
* [[Austrian People's Party]]<ref name="Wiliarty20102">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4xYAlBYDvrkC&pg=PA221|title=The CDU and the Politics of Gender in Germany: Bringing Women to the Party|author=Sarah Elise Wiliarty|date=16 August 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-49116-7|pages=218–221}}</ref><br />
*[[Awami League]], Bangladesh <br />
* [[Brazilian Democratic Movement]], Brazil<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-35922425|title=Dilma Rousseff and Brazil face up to decisive month|last1=Gallas|first1=Daniel|work=BBC News|date=March 29, 2016|access-date=27 August 2017}}</ref><br />
* [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]],<ref name="NewellNewell20102">{{cite book|title=The Politics of Italy: Governance in a Normal Country|first=James L.|last=Newell|date=28 January 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-84070-5|page=27}}<!--|access-date=24 July 2013--></ref> Italy (1943–1994)<br />
* [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]]<ref name="HertnerSloam20142">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H8T9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA35|title=Europeanisation and Party Politics: How the EU affects Domestic Actors, Patterns and Systems|last1=Hertner|first1=Isabelle|last2=Sloam|first2=James|publisher=ECPR Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1-907301-84-1|editor=Erol Külahci|page=35|chapter=The Europeanisation of the German Party System}}</ref><ref name="Wiliarty20102" /><br />
* [[Civic Platform]],<ref name="Curry20112">{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BjVNJ1REkoEC&pg=PA171 |title=Central and East European Politics: From Communism to Democracy|author=Jane L. Curry |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7425-6734-4 |editor1=Sharon L. Wolchik |page=171 |chapter=Poland: The Politics of "God's Playground" |editor2=Jane L. Curry}}</ref> Poland<br />
* [[Democratic Party (United States)]] United States<br />
* [[Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro]]<br />
* [[Fianna Fáil]],<ref name="Maguire19862">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GaWtd5zJfB8C&pg=PA333|title=Growth to Limits: Germany, United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy|last=Maguire|first=Maria|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=1986|isbn=978-3-11-011131-6|editor=Peter Flora|page=333|chapter=Ireland}}</ref><ref name="O'Malley20112">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=noMdBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA13 |title=Contemporary Ireland |last=O'Malley |first=Eoin |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-230-34382-5 |page=13 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Republic of Ireland<br />
* [[Five Star Movement]], Italy<br />
* [[Georgian Dream]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/Brief_26.pdf|title=The Georgian succession|last1=Ditrych|first1=Ondrej|date=July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222193553/http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/Brief_26.pdf|archive-date=22 February 2016|publisher=[[European Union Institute for Security Studies]]|page=4|quote=...GD as a catch-all movement...|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />
* [[Indian National Congress]]<ref name="Barrington20092">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3uuAtazupnAC&pg=PA379|title=Comparative Politics: Structures and Choices|last=Barrington|first=Lowell|publisher=Cengage Learning|year=2009|isbn=978-0-618-49319-7|page=379}}</ref><br />
* [[Institutional Revolutionary Party]], Mexico<br />
* [[Islamic Iran Participation Front]]<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Mohammadighalehtaki|first=Ariabarzan|date=2012|title=Organisational Change in Political Parties in Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. With Special Reference to the Islamic Republic Party (IRP) and the Islamic Iran Participation Front Party (Mosharekat)|type=Ph.D. thesis|publisher=[[Durham University]]|url=http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3507/|page=176}}</ref><br />
* [[Joint List]], Israel<br />
* [[Labour Party (United Kingdom)]] United Kingdom<br />
* [[Labour Party (Lithuania)|Labour Party]], Lithuania<br />
* [[La République En Marche!]],<ref name="Francesco-Mayot2">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VFI8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162|title=Why the Left Loses: The Decline of the Centre-Left in Comparative Perspective|author=Sophie Di Francesco-Mayot|publisher=Policy Press|year=2017|isbn=978-1-4473-3269-5|editor1=Rob Manwaring|page=162|chapter=The French Parti Socialiste (2010–16): from office to crisis|editor2=Paul Kennedy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/2017/06/09/actualite/actualite/legislatives-le-parti-demmanuel-macron-un-caractere-attrape-tout/|title=Législatives : "Le parti d'Emmanuel Macron a un caractère attrape-tout"|website=Les Inrocks|date=June 9, 2017 }}</ref> France<br />
* [[Liberal party of Canada]] Canada<br />
* [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]],<ref name="HookGilson20012">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MHhE6AlgkIoC&pg=PA58|title=Japan's International Relations: Politics, Economics and Security|author1=Glenn D. Hook|last2=Gilson|first2=Julie|author3=Christopher W. Hughes|last4=Dobson|first4=Hugo|publisher=Routledge|year=2001|isbn=978-1-134-32806-2|page=58}}</ref> Japan<br />
* [[National Coalition Party]],<ref name="Karvonen20142">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SxmCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20|title=Parties, Governments and Voters in Finland: Politics Under Fundamental Societal Transformation|last=Karvonen|first=Lauri|publisher=ECPR Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1-910259-33-7|page=20}}</ref> Finland<br />
* [[National Liberation Front (Algeria)|National Liberation Front]], Algeria<br />
* [[National Regeneration Movement]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://intoleranciadiario.com/articles/educacion/2023/02/16/1007664-morena-no-esta-institucionalizado-cacha-de-todos-lados-politologo-ibero.html|title=Morena no está institucionalizado; "cacha" de todos lados: politólogo Ibero|trans-title=Morena is not institutionalized; it "gets it" from all sides: Ibero political scientist|language=es|date=2018-01-21}}</ref> Mexico<br />
* [[Nuevas Ideas]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.civicus.org/index.php/media-resources/news/interviews/5298-el-salvador-the-president-s-aim-is-to-concentrate-power|title=El Salvador: "The President's Aim is to Concentrate Power"|language=en|date=22 September 2021|access-date=1 October 2023|work=[[Civicus]]}}</ref> El Salvador<br />
* [[People's Front for Democracy and Justice]],<ref>{{Citation |last1=O'Kane |first1=David |title=Biopolitics, Militarism, and Development: Eritrea in the Twenty-First Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x1pxdhO1RD0C&pg=PR20 |page=xx |year=2011 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-0-85745-399-0 |access-date=15 January 2011 |last2=Hepner |first2=Tricia}}</ref> Eritrea<br />
* [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada]]<ref name="Cross20152">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XGChCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA50|title=Party Members and Activists|last=Cross|first=William|publisher=Routledge|year=2015|isbn=978-1-317-52432-8|editor1=Emilie van Haute|page=50|chapter=Party Membership in Quebec|editor2=Anika Gauja}}</ref><br />
* [[Republican Party of Armenia]], Armenia<ref name="Iskandaryan">{{cite journal|last1=Iskandaryan|first1=Alexander|date=23 May 2012|title=Armenian Elections: Technology vs. Ideology|url=http://www.css.ethz.ch/publications/pdfs/CAD-39-2-4.pdf|journal=Caucasus Analytical Digest|publisher=[[ETH Zurich]]|page=3|quote=Both major parties in the Armenian parliament [Republican Party and Prosperous Armenia] represent elite groups. With almost no ideology to speak of, they are catch-all parties, a phenomenon becoming typical in the modern world.}}</ref><br />
* [[Scottish National Party]], Scotland<ref>David Torrance, "Scotland's Progressive Dilemma," The Political Quarterly, 88 (2017): 52–59. doi:10.1111/1467-923X.12319.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/blog/2011/apr/25/alex-salmond-tommy-sheridan-election |title=Alex Salmond's big tent bulges as Tommy Sheridan lends voteless support |last=Carrell |first=Severin |date=25 April 2011 |work=The Guardian |access-date=26 April 2020 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><br />
* [[Serbian Progressive Party]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orca.cf.ac.uk/115510/1/Serbian%20Compliance%20Patterns%20towards%20EU%20Integration.pdf|title=Serbian Compliance Patterns towards EU Integration under the Progressive Party: An Exercise in Statecraft|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Party Responses to the EU in the Western Balkans: Transformation, Opposition or Defiance?|last=Stojić|first=Marko|publisher=Springer|year=2017|page=135}}</ref><br />
* [[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|Social Democratic Party]],<ref name="Lisi20142">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_2mvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA124|title=The Selection of Political Party Leaders in Contemporary Parliamentary Democracies: A Comparative Study|last1=Lisi|first1=Marco|last2=Freire|first2=André|publisher=Routledge|year=2014|isbn=978-1-317-92945-1|editor1=Jean-Benoit Pilet|page=124|chapter=The selection of political party leaders in Portugal|editor2=William Cross}}</ref><ref name="GallagherWilliams19892">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SCG8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA271|title=Southern European Socialism: Parties, Elections, and the Challenge of Government|last1=Gallagher|first1=Tom|author2=Allan M. Williams|publisher=Manchester University Press|year=1989|isbn=978-0-7190-2500-6|editor1=Tom Gallagher|page=271|chapter=Southern European socialism in the 1990s|editor2=Allan M. Williams}}</ref> Portugal<br />
* [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]]<ref name="HertnerSloam20142" /><br />
* [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist Party]],<ref name="Lisi20142" /> Portugal<br />
* [[South Tyrolean People's Party]]<ref name="Pallaver20082">{{cite book|title=Tolerance Through Law: Self Governance and Group Rights In South Tyrol|last=Pallaver|first=Günther|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|year=2008|isbn=978-90-04-16302-7|editor1=Jens Woelk|pages=305, 309|chapter=South Tyrol's Consociational Democracy: Between Political Claim and Social Reality|editor2=Francesco Palermo|editor3=Joseph Marko}}</ref><ref name="Lublin20142">{{cite book|title=Minority Rules: Electoral Systems, Decentralization, and Ethnoregional Party Success|last=Lublin|first=David|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-994884-0|page=229}}</ref><br />
* [[Together for Yes]],<ref name="ara.cat2">{{cite news|url=http://www.ara.cat/en/Junts-Together-Yes-We-the_0_1397860276.html|title=Junts pel Sí (Together for Yes): "We are all in, we've reached the end of the line"|date=2015-07-21|work=Ara}}</ref> Ireland<br />
* [[Junts pel Sí|Together for Yes]],<ref name="ara.cat2" /> Spain<br />
* [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]], Tanzania <br />
* [[United Russia]],<ref name="MakarychevMommen20132">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RWIdAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA35|title=Russia's Changing Economic and Political Regimes: The Putin Years and Afterwards|author1=Sventlana S. Bodrunova|author2=Anna A. Litvinenko|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=978-1-135-00695-2|editor1=Andrey Makarychev|page=35|chapter=New media and political protest: the formation of a public counter-sphere in Russia, 2008–2012|editor2=Andre Mommen}}</ref> Russia<br />
* [[Barisan Nasional]],<ref name="LiowLeifer2014">{{Cite book|author1=Joseph Liow|author2=Michael Leifer|title=Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G5KLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA102|date=20 November 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-62233-8|pages=102–}}</ref> Malaysia<br />
* [[Pakatan Harapan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.astroawani.com/politics-news/new-pakatan-harapan-coalition-formed-74160|title=New Pakatan Harapan coalition formed|author=Harits Asyraf Hasnan|publisher=Astro Awani|date=22 September 2015|access-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026205305/http://english.astroawani.com/politics-news/new-pakatan-harapan-coalition-formed-74160|archive-date=26 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysias-opposition-forms-pakatan-harapan-alliance|title=Malaysia's opposition forms Pakatan Harapan alliance|author=Shannon Teoh|publisher=The Straits Times|date=23 September 2015|access-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213015558/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysias-opposition-forms-pakatan-harapan-alliance|archive-date=13 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Malaysia<br />
* [[Perikatan Nasional]],<ref name="PN Official">{{Cite web|last=PN Official|first=Leadership|date=2020-03-23|title=Persatuan Perikatan Parti Malaysia (PPPM) telah menjadi Gabungan rasmi politik yang dikenali sebagai Parti Perikatan Nasional (PN)|url=https://perikatan-nasional.org.my/|access-date=2020-03-23|website=Gabungan Perikatan Nasional|language=ms}}</ref> Malaysia<br />
* [[Pakatan Rakyat]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://malaysiakini.com/news/114553|title=ROS: Pakatan can register as a single party|publisher=[[Malaysiakini]]|date=8 October 2009|access-date=8 October 2009}}</ref> Malaysia<br />
* [[United Borneo Alliance]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2010/12/16/jeffrey-kitingan-forms-united-borneo-front-to-get-more-for-sabah-sarawak|title=Jeffrey Kitingan forms United Borneo Front to get more for Sabah, Sarawak|author=|work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]|date=16 December 2010|access-date=23 April 2018}}</ref> State of [[Sabah]] and State of [[Sarawak]], Malaysia<br />
* [[United Sabah Alliance]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=97773|title=Opposition parties form United Sabah Alliance|publisher=Daily Express|date=10 March 2015|access-date=12 April 2018}}</ref> State of Sabah, Malaysia<br />
* [[United Alliance of Sabah|The United Alliance of State]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2018/05/368753/sabah-bn-coalition-be-disbanded-pave-way-gabungan-bersatu|title=Sabah BN coalition to be disbanded to pave way for Gabungan Bersatu|author=Kristy Inus|publisher=New Straits Times|date=12 May 2018|access-date=13 May 2018}}</ref> Malaysia<br />
* [[Gabungan Rakyat Sabah]],<ref name="Bernama">{{Cite news|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2022/03/13/ros-approves-registration-of-gabungan-rakyat-sabah-says-hajiji/2047212|title=RoS approves registration of Gabungan Rakyat Sabah, says Hajiji|last=Bernama|date=11 March 2022|newspaper=malaymail|access-date=13 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="Express">{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news/204596/grs-stronger-now-as-a-fully-local-party-/|title='GRS stronger now as a fully local party'|last=Express|first=Daily|date=18 December 2022|newspaper=Daily Express|access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref> State of Sabah, Malaysia<br />
* [[Gabungan Parti Sarawak]],<ref name="pull out">{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/06/12/sarawak-bn-parties-pull-out-of-coalition/|title=Sarawak BN parties pull out of coalition to form independent state-based pact|author1=Sharon Ling|author2=Geryl Ogilvy|work=The Star|date=12 June 2018|access-date=12 June 2018}}</ref> State of Sarawak, Malaysia<br />
* [[Gerakan Tanah Air]] (GTA),<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr M announces new coalition of four parties, Gerakan Tanah Air |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2022/08/819394/dr-m-announces-new-coalition-four-parties-gerakan-tanah-air |website=New Straits Times |date=August 4, 2022 |access-date=5 August 2022}}</ref> Malaysia<br />
* [[Parti Impian Sabah]],<ref>[https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/695922/berita/politik/video-prn-sabah-parti-impian-sabah-boleh-jadi-parti-dominan Sabah Dream Party can be recognized as dominant party in Sabah]</ref> State of Sabah, Malaysia<br />
* [[White Movement]],<ref name="un2">{{Cite book| url=https://academic.oup.com/book/10472/chapter-abstract/158344535 | doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250219.003.0001 | chapter=Civil War | title=The White Russian Army in Exile 1920-1941 | date=2002 | last1=Robinson | first1=Paul | pages=1–15 | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=978-0-19-925021-9 }}</ref><ref name="un">{{cite web | url=https://www.hoover.org/research/wake-empire | title=In the Wake of Empire }}</ref> Russian State (1917–1923)<br />
{{end div col}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Bipartisanship]]<br />
* [[Broad church]]<br />
* [[Elite party]]<br />
* [[Purity test (politics)]], a rigid standard on a specific issue by which a politician is judged<br />
* [[Party of power]]<br />
* [[Popular front]]<br />
* [[Syncretic politics]]<br />
* [[United front]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Wiktionary}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
[[Category:Pluralism (philosophy)]]<br />
[[Category:Political ideologies]]<br />
[[Category:Political party systems]]<br />
[[Category:Political science terminology]]<br />
[[Category:Political terminology]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Battle_of_Sirte&diff=466341First Battle of Sirte2026-03-08T02:19:13Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: minor edit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Naval battle in the Second World War}}<br />
{{Other uses|Battle of Sirte (disambiguation){{!}}Battle of Sirte}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=February 2024}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox military conflict<br />
| conflict = First Battle of Sirte<br />
| image = Andrea Doria 1940.jpg<br />
| image_upright = 1.0<br />
| caption = Italian battleship ''Andrea Doria'', 31 December 1939<br />
| partof = the [[Battle of the Mediterranean]] of the [[Second World War]]<br />
| date = 17 December 1941<br />
| place = [[Gulf of Sidra]], [[Mediterranean Sea]]<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|34|8|4|N|17|57|5|E|display=title}}<br />
| result = Inconclusive <br />
| combatant1 = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} <br /> {{flagcountry|Australia}} <br /> {{flagdeco|Netherlands}} [[Dutch government-in-exile|Netherlands]]<br />
| combatant2 = {{flagcountry|Fascist Italy (1922-1943)}}<br />
| commander1 = {{flagdeco|UK|naval}} [[Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope|Andrew Cunningham]]<br />{{flagdeco|UK|naval}} [[Philip Vian]]<br />
| commander2 = {{flagdeco|Fascist Italy (1922-1943)}} [[Angelo Iachino]]<br />{{flagdeco|Fascist Italy (1922-1943)}} [[Guido Porzio Giovanola]]<br />
| strength1 = 5 light cruisers <br /> 14 destroyers<br />
| strength2 = 4 battleships <br /> 2 heavy cruisers <br /> 3 light cruisers <br /> 13 destroyers<br />
| casualties1 = 1 killed <br /> 2 destroyers damaged<br />
| casualties2 = None<br />
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Mediterranean Campaign}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''First Battle of Sirte''' was fought between forces of the British [[Mediterranean Fleet]] and the {{lang|de|[[Regia Marina]]}} (Italian Royal Navy) during the [[Battle of the Mediterranean]] in the [[Second World War]]. The engagement took place on 17 December 1941, south-east of [[Malta]], in the [[Gulf of Sidra|Gulf of Sirte]]. The engagement was inconclusive as both forces were protecting convoys and wished to avoid battle.<br />
<br />
In the following days, two Royal Navy forces based at Malta ran into Italian minefield T off [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] and two British battleships were disabled by Italian [[Human torpedo]] during the [[Raid on Alexandria (1941)|Raid on Alexandria]]. By the end of December, the balance of naval power in the Mediterranean had shifted in favour of the {{lang|de|Regia Marina}}.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
The British [[Eighth Army (United Kingdom)|Eighth Army]] and the [[Axis powers|Axis]] armies in North Africa were engaged in battles resulting from [[Operation Crusader]], which had been fought between 18 November and 4 December. Its aim was to defeat the ''[[Afrika Korps]]'' and relieve the siege of [[Tobruk]]. This had been achieved and Axis forces were conducting a fighting retreat; by 13 December, they were holding a defensive line at [[Gazala]], east of [[Benghazi]]. The Axis were desperate to supply their forces, intending to transport stores to [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]], their main port in [[Libya]] and Benghazi, the port closest to the front line. The island garrison of Malta was under siege and the British wanted to supply their forces on the island.{{sfn|Greene|Massignani|2002|pp=196–204}}<br />
<br />
==Prelude==<br />
<br />
===Convoy M41/M42===<br />
<br />
The Italians were preparing to send Convoy M41, of eight ships, to Africa on 13 December 1941. That morning, their previous supply attempt, two fast cruisers carrying fuel to Tripoli, had failed when they were sunk at the [[Battle of Cape Bon (1941)|Battle of Cape Bon]] by a force of destroyers ''en route'' to [[Alexandria]]. The eight merchant ships were in three groups, with a close escort of five destroyers and a distant cover force of the [[battleship]]s {{Ship|Italian battleship|Littorio||2}} and {{Ship|Italian battleship|Vittorio Veneto||2}}, four [[destroyer]]s and two [[torpedo boat]]s. Soon after sailing on 13 December, a group of Convoy M41 was attacked by the British [[submarine]] {{HMS|Upright|N89|6}} and two ships were sunk; later that day two ships collided and had to return to base, while the distant cover force was sighted by the submarine {{HMS|Urge|N17|6}} and ''Vittorio Veneto'' was torpedoed and forced to return to port.{{sfn|Greene|Massignani|2002|pp=196–204}}<br />
<br />
''[[Supermarina]]'', the high command of the Italian navy, rattled by these losses and a report that a British force of two battleships was at sea, ordered the ships to return to await reinforcement but the "force of two battleships" was a decoy operation by the [[minelayer]] {{HMS|Abdiel|M39|6}}. On 16 December, the four-ship Italian convoy, renamed Convoy M42, left [[Taranto]], picking up escorts along the way. The close escort was provided by seven destroyers and a torpedo boat; by the time they reached [[Sicily]] they were also accompanied by a close cover force, comprising the battleship {{Ship|Italian battleship|Duilio||2}}, three light cruisers and three destroyers. The distant covering force consisted of the battleships ''Littorio'', {{Ship|Italian battleship|Andrea Doria||2}} and {{Ship|Italian battleship|Giulio Cesare||2}}, two cruisers and 10 destroyers.{{sfn|Groves|1993|pp=72–74}}<br />
<br />
=== Allied convoy ===<br />
The British planned to run supplies to Malta using the fast merchant ship ''Breconshire'', covered by a force of cruisers and destroyers, while the destroyers from the Cape Bon engagement would proceed to Alexandria from Malta covered by [[Force K]] and [[Force B]] from Malta on 15 December.{{sfn|Groves|1993|pp=72–74}} The British force was depleted when the [[light cruiser]] {{HMS|Galatea|71|6}} was torpedoed and sunk by {{GS|U-557||2}}, just before midnight on 14 December.{{sfn|Brown|1995|pp=54–55}} ''U-557'' was accidentally sunk less than 48 hours later, by the Italian torpedo boat ''Orione''.{{sfn|Blair|1996|pp=400, 736}} On 15 December, ''Breconshire'' sailed from Alexandria escorted by three cruisers and eight destroyers under [[Rear admiral (Royal Navy)|Rear-Admiral]] [[Philip Vian]] in {{HMS|Naiad|93|6}}. On 16 December, the four destroyers of 4th Flotilla (Commander G. Stokes in {{HMS|Sikh|F82|6}}) left Malta, covered by Force K (Captain [[William Agnew (Royal Navy officer)|William 'Bill' Agnew]] in {{HMS|Aurora|12|6}}), two cruisers and two destroyers.{{sfn|Greene|Massignani|2002|pp=196–204}} Thirty Italian warships were escorting four cargo ships. The two British groups were also at sea and steaming toward each other; the opposing forces were likely to cross each other's tracks east of Malta on 18 December.<br />
<br />
==Battle==<br />
On 17 December, an Italian reconnaissance aircraft spotted the British westbound formation near [[Sidi Barrani]], apparently proceeding from Alexandria to intercept the Italian convoy. The British convoy was shadowed by Axis aeroplanes and attacked during the afternoon but no hits were scored and Agnew and Stokes met the westbound convoy. By late afternoon the Italian fleet was close by and spotter planes from the battleships had made contact with the British convoy, but the planes misidentified ''Breconshire'' as a battleship.{{sfn|Giorgerini|2002|p=342}} At 17:42, the fleets sighted each other; Admiral [[Angelo Iachino]]—commander of the Italian forces—moved to intercept to defend his convoy.{{sfn|Groves|1993|pp=72–74}}<br />
<br />
Vian also wished to avoid combat, so with the British giving ground and the Italians pursuing with caution, the British were easily able to avoid an engagement. Just after sunset, an air attack on the British ships caused them to return fire with their [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft guns]], allowing the Italian naval force to spot them. Iachino took in the distant covering force and opened fire at about {{cvt|32000|m|order=flip|abbr=on}}, well out of range of the British guns. Vian immediately laid smoke and moved to the attack while ''Breconshire'' moved away, escorted by the destroyers {{HMS|Decoy|H75|6}} and {{HMS|Havock|H43|6}}.{{sfn|Greene|Massignani|2002|pp=196–204}}<br />
<br />
Lacking [[radar]] and mindful of their defeat in the night action at the [[Battle of Cape Matapan]], the Italians wished to avoid a night engagement. The Italians fired for only 15 minutes before disengaging and returning westwards to cover convoy M42. {{HMS|Kipling|F91|6}} suffered the loss of one [[midshipman]] and some damage due to a near-miss either from an {{cvt|8|in|abbr=on}} shell, possibly fired by the Italian cruiser {{Ship|Italian cruiser|Gorizia||2}} or as stated by British official reports by {{cvt|320|mm|order=flip|abbr=on}} shell splinters from ''Andrea Doria'' and ''Giulio Cesare'', that knocked down wireless aerials and holed the hull, superstructure and ship's boats.{{sfn|Brescia|2012|p=77}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=H. M. Ships Damaged or Sunk by Enemy Action in WWII |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/media-room/publications/hm-ships-damaged-or-sunk-enemy-action-wwii |website=Royal Australian Navy |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref> According to Italian sources, the [[Royal Australian Navy]] (RAN) destroyer {{HMAS|Nizam|G38|6}} was also damaged by near-misses from the {{ship|Italian destroyer|Maestrale||6}}.{{sfn|Bragadin|1957|p=149}} British reports tell of other warships punctured by splinters.{{sfn|O'Hara|2009|p=158}}<br />
<br />
==Aftermath==<br />
<br />
===Minefield T===<br />
<br />
After dark, Vian turned to return with Stokes to Alexandria, leaving Agnew to bring ''Breconshire'' to Malta, joined by Force B, one cruiser (the other was under repair) and two destroyers. ''Breconshire'' and her escorts arrived in Malta at 15:00 on 18 December.{{sfn|Groves|1993|pp=72–74}} At midday, the Italian force also split up and three ships headed for Tripoli, accompanied by the close cover force, while the German supply ship ''Ankara'', headed for Benghazi. The distant cover force remained on station in the Gulf of Sidra until evening, before heading back to base. The British had now realised that the Italians had a convoy in the area; Vian searched for it without success as he returned to Alexandria.<br />
<br />
In the afternoon, the position of the Tripoli group was established; a cruiser and two destroyers of Force B and two cruisers and two destroyers of Force K (Captain O'Conor, on the cruiser {{HMS|Neptune|20|6}}) sortied from Malta at 18:00 to intercept. The force ran into a minefield (Minefield T) {{cvt|20|mi|nmi+km|abbr=on}} off Tripoli, in the early hours of 19 December. The minefield took the British by surprise as the water-depth was {{cvt|600|ft|m|abbr=on}}, which they had thought was too deep for mines. ''Neptune'' struck four mines and sank, the destroyer {{HMS|Kandahar|F28|6}} struck a mine and was scuttled the following day. The cruisers ''Aurora'' and {{HMS|Penelope|97|2}} were badly damaged but were able to return to Malta. About 830 Allied seamen, many of them New Zealanders from ''Neptune'', were killed.{{sfn|Brown|1995|p=54}} The Malta Strike Force, which had been such a threat to Axis shipping to Libya during most of 1941, was much reduced in its effectiveness and was later forced to withdraw to Gibraltar.{{sfn|Bartimeus|1944|p=195}}<br />
<br />
===Attack on Alexandria===<br />
{{Main|Raid on Alexandria (1941)}}<br />
While steaming back to Alexandria along with Vian's force, destroyer {{HMS|Jervis||6}} reported an apparently successful depth-charge attack on an unidentified submarine.{{sfn|Bartimeus|1944|p=190}} The only axis submarine off Alexandria was the Italian {{Ship|Italian submarine|Sciré|1938|2}}, which was carrying a group of six Italian frogmen commandos, including [[Luigi Durand De La Penne]], equipped with [[manned torpedo]]es. Shortly after Vian's force arrived in Alexandria, on the night of 18 December, the Italians penetrated the harbour and attacked the fleet. ''Jervis'' was damaged, a large Norwegian tanker disabled and the battleships {{HMS|Valiant|1914|6}} and {{HMS|Queen Elizabeth|1913|2}} were severely damaged. This was a strategic change of fortune against the Allies whose effects were felt in the Mediterranean for several months.{{sfn|Greene|Massignani|2002|pp=196–204}}<br />
<br />
==Results==<br />
Both sides achieved their strategic objectives; the British got supplies through to Malta and the Axis got their ships through to Tripoli and Benghazi, although Benghazi fell to the Eighth Army five days later, on 24 December.<br />
<br />
==Order of battle==<br />
Forces present 17 December 1941<ref>[http://www.navweaps.com/index_oob/OOB_WWII_Mediterranean/OOB_WWII_First-Sirte.htm Order of Battle -First Battle of Sirte by Dan Muir]</ref><br />
<br />
===Italy===<br />
[[File:Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg|40px]]<br />
<br />
Admiral Angelo Iachino (on ''Littorio'')<br />
* Close covering force – Vice Admiral [[Raffaele de Courten]] (on ''Duca d'Aosta'')<br />
** One [[battleship]]: {{ship|Italian battleship|Duilio||2}}<br />
** Three [[light cruiser]]s (''7a Divisione Incrociatori''): {{Ship|Italian cruiser|Emanuele Filiberto Duca d'Aosta||2}}, {{Ship|Italian cruiser|Muzio Attendolo||2}}, {{Ship|Italian cruiser|Raimondo Montecuccoli||2}}<br />
** Three [[destroyer]]s, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Ascari||2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Aviere|1937|2}}, and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Camicia Nera||2}}<br />
* Distant covering force – Vice Admiral [[Angelo Parona]] (on ''Gorizia'')<br />
** Three battleships: {{ship|Italian battleship|Andrea Doria||2}}, {{ship|Italian battleship|Giulio Cesare||2}} and {{ship|Italian battleship|Littorio||2}}<br />
** Two [[heavy cruiser]]s: {{Ship|Italian cruiser|Gorizia||2}}, and {{Ship|Italian cruiser|Trento||2}}<br />
** 10 destroyers, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Vincenzo Gioberti||2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Alfredo Oriani||2}} (''9a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere'')<br />
::{{ship|Italian destroyer|Maestrale||2}} (''10a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere'')<br />
::{{ship|Italian destroyer|Carabiniere|1938|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Corazziere|1938|2}} (''12a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere'')<br />
::{{ship|Italian destroyer|Alpino|1938|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Bersagliere|1938|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Fuciliere|1938|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Granatiere|1938|2}} (''13a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere'')<br />
::{{ship|Italian destroyer|Antoniotto Usodimare||2}} (''16a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere'')<br />
* Close escort:<br />
** Six destroyers: {{ship|Italian destroyer|Saetta||2}} (''7a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere'')<br />
::{{ship|Italian destroyer|Antonio da Noli||2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Ugolino Vivaldi||2}} (''14a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere'')<br />
::{{ship|Italian destroyer|Lanzerotto Malocello||2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Nicolò Zeno||2}} (''15a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere'')<br />
::{{ship|Italian destroyer|Emanuele Pessagno||2}} (''16a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere'')<br />
* {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Pegaso|1936|2}}<br />
* Convoy M42<br />
** [[motorship]]s ''Monginevro'', ''Napoli'', ''Vettor Pisani''<br />
** [[Cargo ship|freighter]] ''Ankara'' (German)<br />
<br />
===Allies===<br />
[[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|border|40px]] [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|40px]] [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|40px]] [[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|40px]]<br />
* Convoy Escort – Rear-Admiral Philip Vian (on ''Naiad'')<br />
** Three light cruisers: {{HMS|Naiad|93|6}}, {{HMS|Euryalus|42|2}}, {{HMS|Carlisle|D67|2}}<br />
** Eight destroyers, {{HMS|Jervis}}, {{HMS|Kimberley|F50|2}}, {{HMS|Kingston|F64|2}}, {{HMS|Kipling|F91|2}} (damaged), {{HMAS|Nizam|G38|6}} (damaged), {{HMS|Havock|H43|6}}, {{HMS|Hasty|H24|2}} and {{HMS|Decoy|H75|2}} (''14th Destroyer Flotilla'')<br />
* Convoy<br />
** Fast merchantman: [[MV Breconshire|''Breconshire'']]<br />
* Force K<br />
** Two light cruisers: {{HMS|Aurora|12|6}}, {{HMS|Penelope|97|2}}<br />
** Two destroyers {{HMS|Lance|G87|6}}, {{HMS|Lively|G40|2}}<br />
* [[Force B]]<br />
** One cruiser: {{HMS|Neptune|20|6}}<br />
** Two destroyers: {{HMS|Jaguar|F34|6}}, {{HMS|Kandahar|F28|2}}<br />
* [[4th Destroyer Flotilla]]<br />
** Four destroyers, {{HMS|Sikh|F82|6}}, {{HMS|Maori|F24|2}}, {{HMS|Legion|G74|2}}, {{HNLMS|Isaac Sweers|1940|6}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Second Battle of Sirte]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Bartimeus |title=East of Malta, West of Suez |year=1944 |publisher=Little, Brown |location=Boston |oclc=1727304}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Blair |first=Clay |title=Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters 1939–1942 |year=1996 |publisher=Random House |location=New York |isbn=0-394-58839-8}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Bragadin |first=M. |authorlink=Marcantonio Bragadin (admiral) |editor-last=Fioravanzo |editor-first=G. |translator-last=Hoffman |translator-first=G. |title=The Italian Navy in World War II |year=1957 |orig-year=1948 |publisher=United States Naval Institute |location=Annapolis, Maryland |edition=Eng. trans. |oclc=602717421}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Brescia |first=Maurizio |title=Mussolini s Navy: A Reference Guide to the Regia Marina 1930–1945 |publisher=Seaforth |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-84832-115-1}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Brown |first=David |title=Warship Losses of World War Two |year=1995 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, MD |isbn=1-55750-914-X}}<br />
* {{cite book |first=Giorgio |last=Giorgerini |title=La guerra italiana sul mare. La Marina tra vittoria e sconfitta 1940–1943 |trans-title=The Italian War at Sea. The Navy between Victory and Defeat |year=2002 |publisher=Mondadori |location=Milano |isbn=978-8-80-450150-3}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Greene |first1=J. |last2=Massignani |first2=A. |title=The Naval War in the Mediterranean 1940–1943 |year=2002 |orig-year=1998 |publisher=Chatham |location=Rochester |edition=pbk. repr. |isbn=1-86176-190-2}}<br />
* {{cite book |first=Eric |last=Groves |title=Sea Battles in Close-Up |volume=II |year=1993 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, MD |isbn=0-7110-2118-X}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=O'Hara |first=Vincent P. |year=2009 |title=Struggle for the Middle Sea: The Great Navies at War in the Mediterranean Theater, 1940–1945 |publisher=Conway |location=London |isbn=978-1-84486-102-6}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
* {{cite book |first=G. G. |last=Connell |title=Mediterranean Maelstrom: HMS Jervis and the 14th Flotilla |year=1987 |publisher=William Kimber |location=London |isbn=978-0-7183-0643-4}}<br />
* {{cite book |series=History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series |title=The War at Sea 1939–1945: The Defensive |volume=I |last=Roskill |first=S. W. |author-link=Stephen Roskill |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J. R. M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |year=1957 |orig-year=1954 |publisher=HMSO |location=London |edition=4th impr. |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-RN-I/index.html |oclc=881709135 |access-date=24 November 2017 |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227021618/http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-RN-I/index.html |url-status=live}}<br />
* {{cite book |first1=Jürgen |last1=Rohwer |first2=Gerhard |last2=Hümmelchen |title=Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two |year=2005 |orig-year=1972 |publisher=Chatham |location=London |edition=3rd rev. |isbn=1-86176-257-7}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Peter |last2=Walker |first2=Edwin |series=Sea Battles in Close-up (No. 11) |title=The Battles of the Malta Striking Forces |year=1974|publisher=Ian Allan |location=Shepperton |isbn=0-7110-0528-1}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090912020612/http://www.regiamarinaitaliana.it/Sirte1.html La I Battaglia della Sirte] {{in lang|it}}<br />
* [http://digilander.libero.it/planciacomando/WW2/primasirte1.htm Prima battaglia della Sirte] – Plancia di Commando {{in lang|it}}<br />
* [https://www.regiamarina.net/ The Italian Navy in World War II]<br />
<br />
{{World War II}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conflicts in 1941|Sirte]]<br />
[[Category:1941 in Libya]]<br />
[[Category:Battle of the Mediterranean|Sirte, First]]<br />
[[Category:Naval battles of World War II involving Australia|Sirte]]<br />
[[Category:Naval battles of World War II involving Italy|Sirte]]<br />
[[Category:Naval battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom|Sirte]]<br />
[[Category:Libya in World War II|Sirte, First]]<br />
[[Category:Gulf of Sidra]]<br />
[[Category:Maritime incidents in Libya]]<br />
[[Category:Malta Convoys|Sirte, First Battle of]]<br />
[[Category:Mediterranean convoys of World War II|Sirte]]<br />
[[Category:Mine warfare|Sirte]]<br />
[[Category:December 1941 in Africa]]<br />
[[Category:Maritime incidents in December 1941]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gypsum&diff=455718Gypsum2026-03-05T21:36:20Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: fixed formatting based on references and updated info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Soft calcium sulfate mineral}}<br />
{{About|the mineral|}}<br />
{{Use American English|date=May 2022}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox mineral<br />
| name = Gypsum<br />
| category = [[Sulfate mineral]]s<br />
| boxwidth = <br />
| boxbgcolor = <br />
| image = Gypse Caresse.jpg <br />
| caption = Gypsum from southwest France (27 × 22 cm)<br />
| formula = {{chem2|CaSO4*2H2O}} <br />
| IMAsymbol = Gp<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Warr|first=L.N.|date=2021|title=IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=85|issue=3|pages=291–320|doi=10.1180/mgm.2021.43|bibcode=2021MinM...85..291W|s2cid=235729616|doi-access=free}}</ref><br />
| molweight = <br />
| strunz = 7.CD.40<br />
| system = [[Monoclinic]]<br />
| class = Prismatic (2/m) <br/>[[H-M symbol]]: (2/m)<br />
| symmetry = Monoclinic <br/>[[Space group]]: ''I''2/a<br />
| unit cell = a = 5.679(5), b = 15.202(14) <br/>c = 6.522(6)&nbsp;Å; β = 118.43°; Z&nbsp;=&nbsp;4<br />
| color = Colorless (in transmitted light) to white; often tinged other hues due to impurities; may be yellow, tan, blue, pink, dark brown, reddish brown or gray<br />
| habit = Massive, flat. Elongated and generally prismatic crystals<br />
| twinning = Very common on {110}<br />
| cleavage = Perfect on {010}, distinct on {100}<br />
| fracture = Conchoidal on {100}, splintery parallel to [001]<br />
| tenacity = Flexible, inelastic<br />
| mohs = 1.5–2 (defining mineral for 2)<br />
| luster = Vitreous to silky, pearly, or waxy<br />
| refractive = ''n''<sub>α</sub> = 1.519–1.521<br/> ''n''<sub>β</sub> = 1.522–1.523<br/> ''n''<sub>γ</sub> = 1.529–1.530<br />
| opticalprop = Biaxial (+)<br />
| birefringence = δ = 0.010<br />
| pleochroism = None<br />
| 2V = 58°<br />
| streak = White<br />
| gravity = 2.31–2.33<br />
| melt = <br />
| fusibility = 5<br />
| diagnostic = <br />
| solubility = Hot, dilute HCl<br />
| diaphaneity = Transparent to translucent<br />
| other = <br />
| references = <ref>{{cite book|editor1=Anthony, John W. |editor2=Bideaux, Richard A. |editor3=Bladh, Kenneth W. |editor4=Nichols, Monte C. |title= Handbook of Mineralogy|publisher= Mineralogical Society of America|place= Chantilly, VA, US|chapter-url=http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/gypsum.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060206190607/http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/gypsum.pdf |archive-date=2006-02-06 |url-status=live|chapter=Gypsum|isbn=978-0-9622097-0-3 |volume=V (Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates)|year=2003}}</ref><ref>[http://www.mindat.org/min-1784.html Gypsum]. Mindat</ref><ref name=Cornelis>{{citation |first1= Cornelis |last1= Klein | first2= Cornelius S. Jr. |last2= Hurlbut |year= 1985 |title= Manual of Mineralogy |url= https://archive.org/details/manualofmineralo00klei/page/352 |publisher= John Wiley |edition= 20th |pages= 352–353 |isbn= 978-0-471-80580-9 |url-access= registration }}</ref><br />
| var1 = Satin spar|var1text = Pearly, fibrous masses<br />
| var2 = [[Selenite (mineral)|Selenite]]|var2text = Transparent and bladed crystals<br />
| var3 = [[Alabaster]]|var3text = Fine-grained, slightly colored<br />
}}<br />
'''Gypsum''' is a soft [[sulfate mineral]] composed of [[calcium sulfate]] [[Hydrate|dihydrate]], with the [[chemical formula]] {{chem2|CaSO4*2H2O}}.<ref name=Cornelis/> It is widely mined and is used as a [[fertilizer]] and as the main constituent in many forms of [[plaster]], [[drywall]] and [[blackboard]] or [[sidewalk chalk]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Institute |first=Canadian Conservation |date=2017-09-14 |title=Care of Objects Made of Plaster of Paris – Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI) Notes 12/2 |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/conservation-institute/services/conservation-preservation-publications/canadian-conservation-institute-notes/care-plaster-paris.html |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=www.canada.ca}}</ref><ref>Make your own sidewalk chalk. (1998, July 21). Christian Science Monitor. 13.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Plaster {{!}} Definition, Uses, Types, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/plaster |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=drywall — definition |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/drywall |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=Merriam-Webster |language=en}}</ref> Gypsum also [[Crystallization|crystallizes]] as translucent crystals of [[selenite (mineral)|selenite]].<ref name="Higgins">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zNicdkuulE4C&pg=PA521 |pages=521–522 |title=Industrial Minerals & Rocks: Commodities, Markets, and Uses |year=2006 |editor=Jessica Elzea Kogel |publisher=Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration |isbn=978-0-87335-233-8 }}</ref> It forms as an [[evaporite]] mineral and as a [[Mineral hydration|hydration]] product of [[anhydrite]].{{cn|date=September 2025}} The [[Mohs scale of mineral hardness]] defines gypsum as hardness value 2 based on [[Scratch hardness|scratch]] [[hardness comparison]].<ref name="Higgins"/><br />
<br />
Fine-grained white or lightly tinted forms of gypsum known as [[alabaster]] have been used for [[sculpture]] by many cultures including [[Ancient Egypt]], [[Mesopotamia]], [[Ancient Rome]], the [[Byzantine Empire]], and the [[Nottingham alabaster]]s of [[Medieval England]].<br />
<br />
==Etymology and history==<br />
<br />
The word ''[[wikt:gypsum|gypsum]]'' is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word {{transliteration|grc|gypsos}} ({{wikt-lang|el|γύψος}}), "plaster".<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/gypsum| archive-url= https://archive.today/20120719220246/http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/gypsum| archive-date= 19 July 2012|title=Compact Oxford English Dictionary: gypsum |website=Oxford Dictionaries }}</ref> Because the [[quarry|quarries]] of the [[Montmartre]] district of Paris have long furnished burnt gypsum ([[calcination|calcined]] gypsum) used for various purposes, this dehydrated gypsum became known as [[plaster of Paris]]. Upon adding water, after a few dozen minutes, plaster of Paris becomes regular gypsum (dihydrate) again, causing the material to harden or "set" in ways that are useful for casting and construction.<ref name=Szostakowski>{{Cite journal|last1=Szostakowski|first1=B.|last2=Smitham|first2=P.|last3=Khan|first3=W.S.|date=2017-04-17|title=Plaster of Paris–Short History of Casting and Injured Limb Immobilisation |journal=The Open Orthopaedics Journal|volume=11|pages=291–296|doi= 10.2174/1874325001711010291 |doi-access=free|issn=1874-3250|pmc=5420179|pmid=28567158}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gypsum was known in Old English as {{lang|ang|spærstān}}, "spear stone", referring to its crystalline projections. Thus, the word [[Spar (mineralogy)|spar]] in mineralogy, by comparison to gypsum, refers to any non-[[ore]] mineral or crystal that forms in spearlike projections. In the mid-18th century, the German clergyman and agriculturalist [[Johann Friedrich Mayer (agriculturist)|Johann Friderich Mayer]] investigated and publicized gypsum's use as a fertilizer.<ref>See:<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Thaer|first1=Albrecht Daniel|translator-last1=Shaw|translator-first1=William|translator-last2=Johnson|translator-first2=Cuthbert W.|title=The Principles of Agriculture |date=1844 |publisher=Ridgway |location=London, England |volume= 1 |pages=519–520 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zAhJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA519}}<br />
* {{NDB|16|544|545|Mayer, Johann Friedrich|Klaus Herrmann|104138432}} From p. 544: ''" … er bewirtschaftete nebenbei ein Pfarrgüttchen, … für die Düngung der Felder mit dem in den nahen Waldenburger Bergen gefundenen Gips einsetzte."'' ( … he also managed a small parson's estate, on which he repeatedly conducted agricultural experiments. In 1768, he first published the fruits of his experiences during this time as "Instruction about Gypsum", in which he espoused the fertilizing of fields with the gypsum that was found in the nearby Waldenburg mountains.)<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Beckmann |first1=Johann |title=Grundsätze der deutschen Landwirtschaft |trans-title=Fundamentals of German Agriculture |date=1775 |publisher=Johann Christian Dieterich |location=Göttingen, (Germany) |page=60 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q8w6AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA60 |language=de}} From p. 60: ''"Schon seit undenklichen Zeiten … ein Gewinn zu erhalten seyn wird."'' (Since times immemorial, in our vicinity, in the ministry of Niedeck [a village southeast of Göttingen], one has already made this use of gypsum; but Mr. Mayer has the merit to have made it generally known. In the ''History of Farming in Kupferzell'', he had depicted a crushing mill (p. 74), in order to pulverize gypsum, from which a profit has been obtained, albeit with difficulty.)<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Mayer |first1=Johann Friderich |title=Lehre vom Gyps als vorzueglich guten Dung zu allen Erd-Gewaechsen auf Aeckern und Wiesen, Hopfen- und Weinbergen |trans-title=Instruction in gypsum as an ideal good manure for all things grown in soil on fields and pastures, hops yards and vineyards |date=1768 |publisher=Jacob Christoph Posch |location=Anspach, (Germany) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lSlAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 |language=de}}</ref> Gypsum may act as a source of sulfur for plant growth, and in the early 19th century, it was regarded as an almost miraculous fertilizer. American farmers were so anxious to acquire it that a lively smuggling trade with Nova Scotia evolved, resulting in the so-called [[Hants County, Nova Scotia#Plaster War|"Plaster War"]] of 1820.<ref>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Joshua|title=Borderland smuggling: Patriots, loyalists, and illicit trade in the Northeast, 1780–1820|year=2007|publisher=UPF|location=Gainesville, FL|isbn=978-0-8130-2986-3|pages=passim}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Plaster War of 1820 &#124; Not Your Grandfathers Mining Industry, Nova Scotia, Canada | url=https://notyourgrandfathersmining.ca/plaster-war-1820#:~:text=The%20Plaster%20War%20of%201820,illegal%20trade%20with%20the%20US }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Physical properties==<br />
[[File:Gypsum deformed cristal-MCG 7747-P4150901-black.jpg|thumb|left|Gypsum crystals are soft enough to bend under pressure of the hand. Sample on display at Musée cantonal de géologie de Lausanne.]]<br />
Gypsum is moderately water-soluble (~2.0–2.5&nbsp;g/L at 25&nbsp;°C)<ref name="Bock_1961">{{Cite journal| last = Bock| first = E.| year = 1961| title = On the solubility of anhydrous calcium sulphate and of gypsum in concentrated solutions of sodium chloride at 25&nbsp;°C, 30&nbsp;°C, 40&nbsp;°C, and 50&nbsp;°C| journal = Canadian Journal of Chemistry| volume = 39| issue = 9| pages = 1746–1751 | doi = 10.1139/v61-228| doi-access = free}}</ref> and, in contrast to most other salts, it exhibits [[Solubility#Factors affecting solubility|retrograde solubility]], becoming less soluble at higher temperatures. When gypsum is heated in air it loses water and converts first to calcium sulfate hemihydrate ([[bassanite]], often simply called "plaster") and, if heated further, to anhydrous [[calcium sulfate]] ([[anhydrite]]). As with anhydrite, the solubility of gypsum in saline solutions and in [[brine]]s is also strongly dependent on [[sodium chloride]] (common table salt) concentration.<ref name="Bock_1961"/><br />
<br />
The structure of gypsum consists of layers of calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) and sulfate ({{chem2|SO4(2-)}}) ions tightly bound together. These layers are bonded by sheets of [[water of crystallization]] via weaker [[hydrogen bond]]ing, which gives the crystal perfect cleavage along the sheets (in the {010} plane).<ref name=Cornelis/><ref>{{cite journal| doi= 10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00675-5| last1= Mandal| first1= Pradip K|year=2002|page=313|volume=32|journal=Cement and Concrete Research|last2=Mandal|first2=Tanuj K| title= Anion water in gypsum (CaSO<sub>4</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O) and hemihydrate (CaSO<sub>4</sub>·1/2H<sub>2</sub>O)|issue=2}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Crystal varieties==<br />
{{main|Selenite (mineral)}}<br />
Gypsum occurs in nature as flattened and often [[crystal twinning|twinned]] [[crystal]]s, and transparent, cleavable masses called selenite. In the form of selenite, gypsum forms some of the largest crystals found in nature, up to {{convert|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} long.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Juan Manuel |last1= García-Ruiz |first2= Roberto |last2= Villasuso |first3= Carlos |last3= Ayora |first4= Angels |last4= Canals |first5= Fermín |last5= Otálora |title= Formation of natural gypsum megacrystals in Naica, Mexico |journal= Geology |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=327–330 |year=2007 |doi= 10.1130/G23393A.1|bibcode = 2007Geo....35..327G |url=https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/3439/1/garciaruiznaica.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816122316/http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/3439/1/garciaruiznaica.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-16 |url-status=live |hdl= 10261/3439 |hdl-access= free }}</ref> Selenite contains no significant [[selenium]]; rather, both substances were named for the ancient Greek word for the [[Moon]].<br />
<br />
Selenite may also occur in a silky, fibrous form, in which case it is commonly called "satin spar". <br />
<br />
It may also be granular or quite compact. In hand-sized samples, it can be anywhere from transparent to opaque. <br />
<br />
A very fine-grained white or lightly tinted variety of gypsum, called [[alabaster]], is prized for ornamental work of various sorts. <br />
<br />
In arid areas, gypsum can occur in a flower-like form, typically opaque, with embedded sand grains called [[desert rose (crystal)|desert rose]].<br />
<br />
==Occurrence==<br />
Gypsum is a common mineral, with thick and extensive [[evaporite]] beds in association with [[sedimentary rock]]s. Deposits are known to occur in [[stratum|strata]] from as far back as the [[Archean|Archaean]] [[Aeon|eon]].<ref name="Cockell">{{cite journal| last1= Cockell| first1= C. S.|last2= Raven |first2= J. A.|year=2007|title=Ozone and life on the Archaean Earth|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A|volume=365|pages=1889–1901|doi=10.1098/rsta.2007.2049| pmid= 17513273|issue=1856|bibcode = 2007RSPTA.365.1889C | s2cid= 4716}}</ref><!--What about the Messinian evaporites?--> Gypsum is deposited from lake and sea water, as well as in [[hot spring]]s, from [[volcano|volcanic]] vapors, and sulfate solutions in [[Vein (geology)|veins]]. [[Hydrothermal]] [[anhydrite]] in veins is commonly hydrated to gypsum by groundwater in near-surface exposures. It is often associated with the minerals [[halite]] and [[sulfur]]. Gypsum is the most common sulfate mineral.<ref name="DHZ1966">{{cite book |title=An Introduction to the Rock Forming Minerals | publisher=Longman |last1=Deer |first1=W.A. |last2=Howie |first2=R.A. |last3=Zussman |first3=J. |year=1966 |location=London |page=469 |isbn=978-0-582-44210-8}}</ref> Pure gypsum is white, but other substances found as impurities may give a wide range of colors to local deposits.<br />
<br />
Because gypsum dissolves over time in water, gypsum is rarely found in the form of sand. However, the unique conditions of the [[White Sands National Park]] in the US state of [[New Mexico]] have created a {{convert|710|km2|adj=on|abbr=on}} expanse of white gypsum sand, enough to supply the US construction industry with [[drywall]] for 1,000 years.<ref name='The Albuquerque Journal 1999-02-07'>{{cite news|last = Abarr|first = James|title = Sea of sand|newspaper = The Albuquerque Journal|date = 7 February 1999|url = http://www.abqjournal.com/venue/travel/tourism/heritage_whitesands.htm|access-date = 27 January 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060630120616/http://www.abqjournal.com/venue/travel/tourism/heritage_whitesands.htm|archive-date = 30 June 2006|url-status = live}}</ref><br />
Commercial exploitation of the area, strongly opposed by area residents, was permanently prevented in 1933 when President [[Herbert Hoover]] declared the gypsum [[dune]]s a protected [[National monument (United States)|national monument]].<br />
<br />
Gypsum is also formed as a by-product of [[sulfide]] [[oxidation]], amongst others by [[pyrite]] [[oxidation]], when the [[sulfuric acid]] generated reacts with [[calcium carbonate]]. Its presence indicates oxidizing conditions. Under reducing conditions, the sulfates it contains can be reduced back to sulfide by [[sulfate-reducing bacteria]]. This can lead to accumulation of elemental sulfur in oil-bearing formations,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Machel |first1=H.G |title=Bacterial and thermochemical sulfate reduction in diagenetic settings — old and new insights |journal=Sedimentary Geology |date=April 2001 |volume=140 |issue=1–2 |pages=143–175 |doi=10.1016/S0037-0738(00)00176-7|bibcode=2001SedG..140..143M |s2cid=4606551 }}</ref> such as salt domes,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sassen |first1=Roger |last2=Chinn |first2=E.W. |last3=McCabe |first3=C. |title=Recent hydrocarbon alteration, sulfate reduction and formation of elemental sulfur and metal sulfides in salt dome cap rock |journal=Chemical Geology |date=December 1988 |volume=74 |issue=1–2 |pages=57–66 |doi=10.1016/0009-2541(88)90146-5|bibcode=1988ChGeo..74...57S }}</ref> where it can be mined using the [[Frasch process]]<ref name =Ullmann>{{Ullmann | title = Sulfur | author = Wolfgang Nehb, Karel Vydra | doi = 10.1002/14356007.a25_507.pub2}}</ref> Electric power stations burning coal with [[flue gas desulfurization]] produce large quantities of gypsum as a byproduct from the scrubbers.<br />
<br />
Orbital pictures from the [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]] (MRO) have indicated the existence of gypsum dunes in the northern polar region of Mars,<ref>[http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/nea.php High-resolution Mars image gallery]. University of Arizona</ref> which were later confirmed at ground level by the [[Mars Exploration Rover]] (MER) ''[[Opportunity rover|Opportunity]]''.<ref>[http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mer/news/mer20111207.html NASA Mars Rover Finds Mineral Vein Deposited by Water] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615235154/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mer/news/mer20111207.html |date=15 June 2017 }}, NASA, 7 December 2011.</ref><br />
<gallery mode="packed" heights="100"><br />
File:Lechuguilla Chandelier Ballroom.jpg|Large gypsum crystals in [[Lechuguilla Cave]]'s "chandelier ballroom" <br />
File:Cristales cueva de Naica.JPG|Gypsum crystals in the [[Cave of the Crystals]] in Mexico (person at lower right for scale)<br />
File:GypsumCrystalsLakeLucerno.jpg|Gypsum crystals formed as the water evaporated in [[Lake Lucero]], White Sands National Park<br />
File:White Gypsum - geograph.org.uk - 2503198.jpg|Gypsum veins in the silts/marls of the Tea Green and Grey Marls, [[Blue Anchor]], [[Somerset]], United Kingdom<br />
File:Gypsum layers Caprock Canyons 1.JPG|Gypsum veins in [[Caprock Canyons State Park and Trailway]], Texas<br />
File:Yardangs in dunes, White Sands National Park, New Mexico, United States.jpg|Dunes made of small crystals of gypsum, White Sands National Park<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Mining==<br />
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:right; float:right;"<br />
|+ Estimated production of Gypsum in 2015<br/>(thousand metric tons)<ref>{{cite web |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |title=GYPSUM |url=https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/gypsum/mcs-2016-gypsu.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161212180411/http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/gypsum/mcs-2016-gypsu.pdf |archive-date=2016-12-12 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
! Country || Production || Reserves<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[China]]||132,000||{{N/A}}<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[Iran]]||22,000||1,600<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[Thailand]]||12,500||{{N/A}}<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[United States]]||11,500||700,000<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[Turkey]]||10,000||{{N/A}}<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[Spain]]||6,400||{{N/A}}<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[Mexico]]||5,300||{{N/A}}<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[Japan]]||5,000||{{N/A}}<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[Russia]]||4,500||{{N/A}}<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[Italy]]||4,100||{{N/A}}<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[India]]||3,500||39,000<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[Australia]]||3,500||{{N/A}}<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[Oman]]||3,500||{{N/A}}<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[Brazil]]||3,300||290,000<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[France]]||3,300||{{N/A}}<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[Canada]]||2,700||450,000<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[Saudi Arabia]]||2,400||{{N/A}}<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[Algeria]]||2,200||{{N/A}}<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[Germany]]||1,800||450,000<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[Argentina]]||1,400||{{N/A}}<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[Pakistan]]||1,300||{{N/A}}<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| [[United Kingdom]]||1,200||55,000<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| Other countries||15,000||{{N/A}}<br />
|-<br />
| style=text-align:left;| World total||258,000||{{N/A}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Commercial quantities of gypsum are found in the cities of [[Araripina]] and [[Grajaú]] in Brazil; in Pakistan, Jamaica, Iran (world's second largest producer), Thailand, Spain (the main producer in Europe), Germany, Italy, England, Ireland, Canada<ref name='Mining Canada'>{{cite web |url=http://mmsd1.mms.nrcan.gc.ca/mmsd/producers/commodityCompany_e.asp?nId=51&mineType=nonMetal |title=Mines, mills and concentrators in Canada |access-date=27 January 2007 |date=24 October 2005 |publisher=Natural Resources Canada |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050313183544/http://mmsd1.mms.nrcan.gc.ca/mmsd/producers/commodityCompany_e.asp?nId=51&minetype=nonMetal |archive-date=13 March 2005 }}</ref> and the United States. Large open pit quarries are located in many places including [[Fort Dodge, Iowa]], which sits on one of the largest deposits of gypsum in the world,<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide|publisher=Helion|year=2018|via=Credo Reference}}</ref> and [[Plaster City, California]], United States, and East [[Kutai]], [[Kalimantan]], Indonesia. Several small mines also exist in places such as [[Kalannie]] in [[Western Australia]], where gypsum is sold to private buyers for additions of calcium and sulfur as well as reduction of aluminium toxicities on [[soil]] for agricultural purposes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Australia - Gypsum industry news from Global Gypsum |url=https://www.globalgypsum.com/news/itemlist/tag/Australia?start=70 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=www.globalgypsum.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Livebearing Aquarium Fish—Habitat, Diet, and Breeding |url=https://www.thesprucepets.com/livebearing-aquarium-fish-1378599 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=The Spruce Pets |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Crystals of gypsum up to {{convert|11|m|abbr=on}} long have been found in the caves of the [[Naica Mine]] of [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]], Mexico. The crystals thrived in the cave's extremely rare and stable natural environment. Temperatures stayed at {{cvt|58|C}}, and the cave was filled with mineral-rich water that drove the crystals' growth. The largest of those crystals weighs {{convert|55|t|ST}} and is around 500,000 years old.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper = The Telegraph| url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/3269047/Worlds-largest-crystal-discovered-in-Mexican-cave.html| title =World's largest crystal discovered in Mexican cave| access-date=6 June 2009|location=London|first=Richard|last=Alleyne|date=27 October 2008}}</ref><br />
<gallery widths="220px" heights="200px" perrow="3"><br />
File:Gypsum-24382.jpg|Golden gypsum crystals from [[Winnipeg]]<br />
File:WhiteSandsGypsum.jpg|Gypsum [[sand]] from [[White Sands National Park]], [[New Mexico]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Synthesis==<br />
[[Chemical synthesis|Synthetic]] gypsum is produced as a waste product or by-product in a range of industrial processes.<br />
<br />
=== Desulfurization ===<br />
[[Flue gas desulfurization]] gypsum (FGDG) is recovered at some coal-fired power plants. The main contaminants are Mg, K, Cl, F, B, Al, Fe, Si, and Se. They come both from the limestone used in desulfurization and from the coal burned. This product is pure enough to replace natural gypsum in a wide variety of fields including drywalls, water treatment, and cement set retarder. Improvements in flue gas desulfurization have greatly reduced the amount of toxic elements present.<ref name="pmid31561139">{{cite journal |last1=Koralegedara |first1=NH |last2=Pinto |first2=PX |last3=Dionysiou |first3=DD |last4=Al-Abed |first4=SR |title=Recent advances in flue gas desulfurization gypsum processes and applications – A review. |journal=Journal of Environmental Management |date=1 December 2019 |volume=251 |article-number=109572 |doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109572 |pmid=31561139 |pmc=7396127}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Desalination ===<br />
Gypsum precipitates onto brackish water [[membrane]]s, a phenomenon known as mineral salt [[Fouling|scaling]], such as during [[brackish]] water [[desalination]] of water with high concentrations of [[calcium]] and [[sulfate]]. Scaling decreases membrane life and productivity.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Uchymiak |first1=Michal |last2=Lyster |first2=Eric |last3=Glater |first3=Julius |last4=Cohen |first4=Yoram |title=Kinetics of gypsum crystal growth on a reverse osmosis membrane |journal=Journal of Membrane Science |date=April 2008 |volume=314 |issue=1–2 |pages=163–172 |doi=10.1016/j.memsci.2008.01.041}}</ref> This is one of the main obstacles in brackish water membrane desalination processes, such as [[reverse osmosis]] or [[nanofiltration]]. Other forms of scaling, such as [[calcite]] scaling, depending on the water source, can also be important considerations in [[distillation]], as well as in [[heat exchanger]]s, where either the salt [[solubility]] or [[concentration]] can change rapidly.<br />
<br />
A new study has suggested that the formation of gypsum starts as tiny crystals of a mineral called [[bassanite]] (2CaSO<sub>4</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O).<ref>{{Cite journal| last1 = Van Driessche| first1 = A.E.S.| first2 = L. G. | last2= Benning | first3= J. D. | last3= Rodriguez-Blanco| first4= M. | last4= Ossorio| first5= P. | last5= Bots | first6= J. M. | last6= García-Ruiz| year = 2012| title = The role and implications of bassanite as a stable precursor phase to gypsum precipitation| journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]]| volume = 336| issue = 6077| pages = 69–72 | doi = 10.1126/science.1215648|bibcode = 2012Sci...336...69V| pmid=22491851| s2cid = 9355745}}</ref> This process occurs via a three-stage pathway: <br />
# homogeneous nucleation of nanocrystalline bassanite; <br />
# self-assembly of bassanite into aggregates, and <br />
# transformation of bassanite into gypsum.<br />
<br />
=== Refinery waste ===<br />
The production of [[phosphate]] fertilizers requires breaking down calcium-containing [[phosphate rock]] with acid, producing calcium sulfate waste known as [[phosphogypsum]] (PG). This form of gypsum is contaminated by impurities found in the rock, namely [[fluoride]], [[silica]], radioactive elements such as [[radium]], and heavy metal elements such as [[cadmium]].<ref name=Taylor>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.03.007|pmid=19406560|title=Environmental Impact and Management of Phosphogypsum|journal=Journal of Environmental Management|volume=90|pages=2377–2386|year=2009|last1=Tayibi|first1= Hanan|last2=Choura|first2=Mohamed|last3=López|first3=Félix A.|last4=Alguacil|first4=Francisco J.|last5=López-Delgado|first5=Aurora|issue=8|bibcode=2009JEnvM..90.2377T |hdl=10261/45241|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Similarly, production of [[titanium dioxide]] produces titanium gypsum (TG) due to neutralization of excess acid with [[calcium hydroxide|lime]]. The product is contaminated with silica, fluorides, organic matters, and alkalis.<ref name="pmid26495867">{{cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Y |last2=Wang |first2=F |last3=Huang |first3=H |last4=Guo |first4=Y |last5=Li |first5=B |last6=Liu |first6=Y |last7=Chu |first7=PK |title=Gypsum blocks produced from TiO2 production by-products. |journal=Environmental Technology |date=2016 |volume=37 |issue=9 |pages=1094–100 |doi=10.1080/09593330.2015.1102329 |url=https://www1.cugb.edu.cn/uploadCms/file/20600/papers_upload/20161008164505966187.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325023932/https://www1.cugb.edu.cn/uploadCms/file/20600/papers_upload/20161008164505966187.pdf |archive-date=2022-03-25 |url-status=live |pmid=26495867|bibcode=2016EnvTe..37.1094Z |s2cid=28458281 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Impurities in refinery gypsum waste have, in many cases, prevented them from being used as normal gypsum in fields such as construction. As a result, waste gypsum is stored in stacks indefinitely, with significant risk of leaching their contaminants into water and soil.<ref name=Taylor/> To reduce the accumulation and ultimately clear out these stacks, research is underway to find more applications for such waste products.<ref name="pmid26495867"/><br />
<br />
== Occupational safety ==<br />
{{NFPA 704 | H= 0 | F= 0 | R= 0 | S= |caption=Gypsum |ref=<ref name="MSDS">{{cite web |last1=Michigan Gypsum |title=MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Gypsum (Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate) |url=https://www.ncmissouri.edu/consumerinfo/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/Gypsum-Calcium-Sulfate-msds.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121062715/https://www.ncmissouri.edu/consumerinfo/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/12/Gypsum-Calcium-Sulfate-msds.pdf |archive-date=2021-11-21 |url-status=live |website=Consumer Information |publisher=NorthCentral Missouri College |access-date=21 November 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
People can be exposed to gypsum in the workplace by breathing it in, skin contact, and eye contact. Calcium sulfate ''per se'' is nontoxic and is even approved as a food additive,<ref name=pc>{{cite web |title=Compound Summary for CID 24497 – Calcium Sulfate |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/calcium_sulfate#section=Food-Additives-and-Ingredients |publisher=PubChem}}</ref> but as powdered gypsum, it can irritate skin and mucous membranes.<ref name="cdc">{{Cite web|title = CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Gypsum|url = https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0308.html|website = www.cdc.gov|access-date = 2015-11-03}}</ref><br />
<br />
===United States===<br />
The [[Occupational Safety and Health Administration]] (OSHA) has set the legal limit ([[permissible exposure limit]]) for gypsum exposure in the workplace as TWA 15&nbsp;mg/m<sup>3</sup> for total exposure and TWA 5&nbsp;mg/m<sup>3</sup> for respiratory exposure over an eight-hour workday. The [[National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] (NIOSH) has set a [[recommended exposure limit]] (REL) of TWA 10&nbsp;mg/m<sup>3</sup> for total exposure and TWA 5&nbsp;mg/m<sup>3</sup> for respiratory exposure over an eight-hour workday.<ref name="cdc"/><br />
<br />
==Uses==<br />
[[File:2.-Calera. Cal i guix (26561676342).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Gypsum works, [[Valencian Museum of Ethnology]]]]<br />
[[File:Algepsar d'Alfarb. Forn primer, 1 (País Valencià).jpg|thumb|Old [[Alfarb]] kiln for making plaster as a construction material]]<br />
[[File:KirkbyThoreGypsumPlant(SimonLedingham)May2005.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|right|British Gypsum, [[Kirkby Thore]]]]<br />
[[File:Geography of Ohio - DPLA - aaba7b3295ff6973b6fd1e23e33cde14 (page 96) (cropped2).jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|Map of gypsum deposits in northern Ohio, black squares indicate the location of deposits, from ''"Geography of Ohio"'', 1923]]<br />
Gypsum is used in a wide variety of applications:<br />
<br />
===Construction industry===<br />
*[[Drywall|Gypsum board]]<ref>*[http://www.csinet.org/s_csi/docs/9400/9361.pdf Complimentary list of MasterFormat 2004 Edition numbers and titles] (large PDF document)</ref> is primarily used as a finish for walls and ceilings, and is known in construction as plasterboard, "sheetrock", or drywall. Gypsum provides a degree of fire-resistance to these materials, and glass fibers are added to their composition to accentuate this effect. Gypsum has negligible heat conductivity, giving its plaster some insulative properties.<ref name="Bonewitz-2008">{{Cite book |last=Bonewitz |first=Ronald |title=Rock and Gem: The Definitive Guide to Rocks, Minerals, Gems, and Fossils |publisher=DK |year=2008 |location=United States |page=47 |language=English}}</ref><br />
*[[Gypsum block]]s are used like concrete blocks in construction.<br />
*[[Gypsum mortar]] is an ancient mortar used in construction.<br />
*A component of [[Portland cement]] used to prevent flash setting (too rapid hardening) of [[concrete]].<br />
*A wood substitute in the ancient world: For example, when wood became scarce due to deforestation on [[Bronze Age]] [[Crete]], gypsum was employed in building construction at locations where wood was previously used.<ref>{{cite journal| first= C. Michael |last= Hogan| url= http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/10854/knossos.html#fieldnotes |title= Knossos fieldnotes| journal= Modern Antiquarian | year= 2007}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Agriculture===<br />
*[[Fertilizer]]: In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Nova Scotia gypsum, often referred to as plaster, was a highly sought fertilizer for wheat fields in the United States.<ref>{{cite journal |jstor=3739630|title=The Gypsum Trade of the Maritime Provinces: Its Relation to American Diplomacy and Agriculture in the Early Nineteenth Century |last1=Graham |first1=Gerald S. |journal=Agricultural History |year=1938 |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=209–223 }}</ref> Gypsum provides two of the [[plant nutrition|secondary plant macronutrients]], calcium and sulfur. Unlike limestone, it generally does not affect soil pH.<ref name="soilsorg"/><br />
*[[Land reclamation|Reclamation]] of [[saline soils]], regardless of pH. When gypsum is added to sodic (saline) and [[acidic soil]], the highly [[soluble]] form of [[boron]] ([[sodium metaborate]]) is converted to the less soluble calcium metaborate. The exchangeable sodium percentage is also reduced by gypsum application.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ANCBDwAAQBAJ&dq=boron+sodium+soil&pg=PA99 Genesis and Management of Sodic (Alkali) Soils.] (2017). (n.p.): Scientific Publishers.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400010010x |first1=J. D. |last1=Oster |first2=H. |last2=Frenkel |year=1980 |title=The chemistry of the reclamation of sodic soils with gypsum and lime |journal=[[Soil Science Society of America Journal]] |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=41–45 |bibcode=1980SSASJ..44...41O }}</ref> The [[Zuiderzee Works]] uses gypsum for the recovered land.<ref name="ley196110">{{Cite magazine |last=Ley |first=Willy |date=October 1961 |title=The Home-Made Land |department=For Your Information |url=https://archive.org/stream/Galaxy_v19n06_1961-08#page/n65/mode/1up |magazine=Galaxy Science Fiction |pages=92–106}}</ref><br />
*Other [[soil conditioner]] uses: Gypsum reduces aluminium and boron toxicity in acidic soils. It also improves soil structure, water absorption, and aeration.<ref name="soilsorg">{{cite web |title=Gypsum as an agricultural product {{!}} Soil Science Society of America |url=https://www.soils.org/news/science-news/gypsum-agricultural-product/ |website=www.soils.org}}</ref><br />
*Soil [[water potential]] monitoring: a gypsum block can be inserted into the soil, and its electrical resistance can be measured to derive soil moisture.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Durner |first1=W. |last2=Or |first2=D. |year=2006 |chapter=Soil water potential measurement |title=Encyclopedia of hydrological sciences |editor-last1=Anderson |editor-first1=M.G. |publisher=John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |chapter-url=http://www.soil.tu-bs.de/download/downloads/pubs/2005.hsa077a.Durner-Or.SoilWaterPotentialMeasurement.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616051818/http://www.soil.tu-bs.de/download/downloads/pubs/2005.hsa077a.Durner-Or.SoilWaterPotentialMeasurement.pdf |archive-date=2022-06-16 |url-status=live|access-date=23 May 2022 |isbn=978-0-471-49103-3}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Modeling, sculpture and art===<br />
*[[Plaster]] for casting moulds and modeling.<br />
*As [[alabaster]], a material for sculpture, it was used especially in the ancient world before steel was developed, when its relative softness made it much easier to carve.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rapp |first1=George |title=Archaeomineralogy |chapter=Soft Stones and Other Carvable Materials |series=Natural Science in Archaeology |date=2009 |pages=121–142 |doi=10.1007/978-3-540-78594-1_6|isbn=978-3-540-78593-4 }}</ref> During the [[Middle Ages]] and [[Renaissance]], it was preferred even to [[marble]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kloppmann |first1=W. |last2=Leroux |first2=L. |last3=Bromblet |first3=P. |last4=Le Pogam |first4=P.-Y. |last5=Cooper |first5=A. H. |last6=Worley |first6=N. |last7=Guerrot |first7=C. |last8=Montech |first8=A. T. |last9=Gallas |first9=A. M. |last10=Aillaud |first10=R. |title=Competing English, Spanish, and French alabaster trade in Europe over five centuries as evidenced by isotope fingerprinting |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=7 November 2017 |volume=114 |issue=45 |pages=11856–11860 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1707450114|pmid=29078309 |pmc=5692548 |bibcode=2017PNAS..11411856K |doi-access=free }}</ref> <br />
*In the medieval period, [[scribe]]s and [[Illuminated manuscript|illuminators]] used it as an ingredient in [[gesso]], which was applied to illuminated letters and gilded with gold in illuminated manuscripts.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Michelle |title=Understanding illuminated manuscripts: a guide to technical terms |date=1995 |location=Los Angeles, California|publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-89236-217-2 |page=58}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Food and drink===<br />
*A [[tofu]] (soy bean curd) coagulant, making it ultimately a significant source of dietary [[calcium]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shurtleff |first1=William |title=Tofu & soymilk production: a craft and technical manual |date=2000 |publisher=Soyfoods Center |location=Lafayette, CA |isbn=978-1-928914-04-4|page=99}}</ref><br />
*Adding [[hard water|hardness]] to water used for [[brewing]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.howtobrew.com/section1/chapter4-2.html| title= Water Chemistry Adjustment for Extract Brewing|access-date=15 December 2008|first= John |last=Palmer |publisher= HowToBrew.com}}</ref><br />
*Used in baking as a dough conditioner, reducing stickiness, and as a baked goods source of dietary calcium.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usg.com/rc/technical-specifications/fillers/food-grade-calcium-sulfate-for-baking-industry-technical-specifications-en-IG130.pdf |work=United States Gypsum Company |title=Calcium sulphate for the baking industry |access-date=1 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704125140/http://www.usg.com/rc/technical-specifications/fillers/food-grade-calcium-sulfate-for-baking-industry-technical-specifications-en-IG130.pdf |archive-date=4 July 2013 }}</ref> The primary component of mineral yeast food.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lesaffreyeastcorp.com/sites/default/files/products_files/Tech%20Sheet%20-%20RS%20Yeast%20Food.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185607/http://www.lesaffreyeastcorp.com/sites/default/files/products_files/Tech%20Sheet%20-%20RS%20Yeast%20Food.pdf|work=Lesaffre Yeast Corporation |title=Tech sheet for yeast food |access-date=1 March 2013 |archive-date=2013-10-29}}</ref><br />
*Used in mushroom cultivation to stop grains from clumping together.<br />
<br />
===Medicine and cosmetics===<br />
*[[Plaster]] for surgical splints.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Austin |first1=R.T. |title=Treatment of broken legs before and after the introduction of gypsum |journal=Injury |date=March 1983 |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=389–394 |doi=10.1016/0020-1383(83)90089-X|pmid=6347885 }}</ref><br />
*Impression plasters in dentistry.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Drennon |first1=David G. |last2=Johnson |first2=Glen H. |title=The effect of immersion disinfection of elastomeric impressions on the surface detail reproduction of improved gypsum casts |journal=The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry |date=February 1990 |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=233–241 |doi=10.1016/0022-3913(90)90111-O|pmid=2106026 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
*An alternative to iron oxide in some [[thermite]] mixes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Govender |first1=Desania R. |last2=Focke |first2=Walter W. |last3=Tichapondwa |first3=Shepherd M. |last4=Cloete |first4=William E. |title=Burn Rate of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate–Aluminum Thermites |journal=ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces |date=20 June 2018 |volume=10 |issue=24 |pages=20679–20687 |doi=10.1021/acsami.8b04205|pmid=29842778 |bibcode=2018AAMI...1020679G |hdl=2263/66006 |s2cid=206483977 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><br />
*Tests have shown that gypsum can be used to remove pollutants such as [[lead]]<ref>{{cite journal| doi=10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.04.007| title=Interaction of gypsum with lead in aqueous solutions| journal=Applied Geochemistry| volume=25| issue=7| page=1008| year=2010| last1=Astilleros| first1=J.M.| last2=Godelitsas| first2=A.| last3=Rodríguez-Blanco| first3=J.D.| last4=Fernández-Díaz| first4=L.| last5=Prieto| first5=M.| last6=Lagoyannis| first6=A.| last7=Harissopulos| first7=S.| bibcode=2010ApGC...25.1008A| hdl=10651/9252| url=https://eprints.ucm.es/18174/1/1000958.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809180523/http://eprints.ucm.es/18174/1/1000958.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-09 |url-status=live}}</ref> or [[arsenic]]<ref>{{cite journal| doi=10.2138/am.2008.2750| title=Interaction of gypsum with As(V)-bearing aqueous solutions: Surface precipitation of guerinite, sainfeldite, and Ca<sub>2</sub>NaH(AsO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>⋅6H<sub>2</sub>O, a synthetic arsenate| journal=American Mineralogist| volume=93| issue=5–6| page=928| year=2008| last1=Rodriguez| first1=J. D.| last2=Jimenez| first2=A.| last3=Prieto| first3=M.| last4=Torre| first4=L.| last5=Garcia-Granda| first5=S.| bibcode=2008AmMin..93..928R| s2cid=98249784| hdl=10651/5785| hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| doi=10.1021/cg070222+|title=Oriented Overgrowth of Pharmacolite (CaHAsO<sub>4</sub>⋅2H2O) on Gypsum (CaSO<sub>4</sub>⋅2H<sub>2</sub>O)|author1=Rodríguez-Blanco, Juan Diego |author2=Jiménez, Amalia |author3=Prieto, Manuel |journal=Cryst. Growth Des.|year= 2007|volume= 7 |issue=12|pages=2756–2763}}<br />
</ref> from contaminated waters.<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
<gallery widths="165" heights="130" caption="Unusual gypsum specimens from around the world"><br />
File:Gypsum-71006.jpg|Green gypsum crystals from Pernatty Lagoon, Mt Gunson, [[South Australia]] - its green color is due to presence of [[copper]] ions.<br />
File:Gypsum-162462.jpg|Unusual selenite gypsum from the [[Red River of the North|Red River]], Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada<br />
File:Gypsum-47190.jpg|Classic "ram's horn" gypsum from [[Santa Eulalia, Chihuahua]], Mexico, 7.5×4.3×3.8&nbsp;cm<br />
File:Roses des Sables Tunisie.jpg|[[Desert rose (crystal)|Desert rose]], 47&nbsp;cm long<br />
File:Gypsum-53691.jpg|Gypsum from Pernatty Lagoon, Mt Gunson, Stuart Shelf area, Andamooka Ranges - Lake Torrens area, South Australia, Australia<br />
File:Copper-Gypsum-203925.jpg|Gypsum with crystalline [[native copper]] inside<br />
File:Gypsum J1.jpg|Gypsum from Swan Hill, Victoria, Australia. The coloring is due to the copper oxide<br />
File:Gypsum-21996.jpg|Waterclear twined crystal of the form known as "Roman sword". Fuentes de Ebro, Zaragoza (Spain)<br />
File:Botryogen-Gypsum-199664.jpg|Bright, cherry-red gypsum crystals 2.5&nbsp;cm in height colored by rich inclusions of the rare mineral [[botryogen]]<br />
File:Gypse Naica.jpg|Gypsum from Naica, Mun. de Saucillo, Chihuahua, Mexico<br />
File:Gypsum-251118.jpg|Golden color gem, "fishtail"-twinned crystals of gypsum sitting atop a "ball" of gypsum which is composed of several single bladed crystals<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Gypcrust]]<br />
*[[Gypsum flora of Nova Scotia]]<br />
*[[Gypsum recycling]]<br />
*[[Phosphogypsum]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons}}<br />
{{wiktionary}}<br />
*[http://webmineral.com/data/Gypsum.shtml WebMineral data]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070814041825/http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/sulfates/gypsum/gypsum.htm Mineral galleries – gypsum]<br />
*[https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0308.html CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards]<br />
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Gypsum|short=x}}<br />
*{{Cite AmCyc|wstitle=Gypsum|short=x}}<br />
* [[usgs.gov]] (Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025): [https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2025/mcs2025.pdf#page=90 Gypsum] <br />
<br />
{{Mohs}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Calcium minerals]]<br />
[[Category:Sulfate minerals]]<br />
[[Category:Sedimentary rocks]]<br />
[[Category:Evaporite]]<br />
[[Category:Alchemical substances]]<br />
[[Category:Monoclinic minerals]]<br />
[[Category:Minerals in space group 15]]<br />
[[Category:Alabaster]]<br />
[[Category:Luminescent minerals]]<br />
[[Category:Industrial minerals]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oruvar_Vaazhum_Aalayam&diff=450494Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam2026-03-03T05:12:26Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: General cleanup and content improvements</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = Shanmugapriyan<br />
| producer = M. M. Thaha<br />
| writer = Shanmugapriyan<br />
| starring = [[Sivakumar]]<br />[[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]]<br />[[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]]<br />[[Raadhu (actress)|Raadhu]]<br />
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<br />
| cinematography = Viswam Nataraj<br />
| editing = R. Baskaren<br />
| studio = Royal Cini Creations<br />
| released = {{Film date|1988|3|23|df=y}}<br />
| runtime = 119 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam''''' ({{Translation|The temple where one lives}}) is a 1988 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film, written and directed by Shanmugapriyan. The film stars [[Sivakumar]], [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]], [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] and [[Raadhu (actress)|Raadhu]]. It was released on 23 March 1988.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ஒருவர் வாழும் ஆலயம் / Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam (1988) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/oruvar-vaazhum-aalayam |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120052033/https://screen4screen.com/movies/oruvar-vaazhum-aalayam |archive-date=20 November 2023 |access-date=10 December 2021 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
{{More plot|date=March 2023}}<br />
Jeeva and Swaminathan are friends who meet up by fate. Swaminathan hates women and does not respect them, but Jeeva respects women. The story then goes back to a village where Jeeva comes to learn carnatic music from Sivagurunathan. Sivagurunathan does not accept to teach him music. Meanwhile, Jeeva loves Sarada, the daughter of Sivagurunathan. She is also pecked by the village headman. Sivagurunathan loses his belief in God and disrespects everyone he meets. A tragic story of him is revealed where he is married to Sivakami, who is a dancer ignored by the village. She gives birth to Sarada and passes away as she is a heart patient, which was unknown to Sivagurunathan. He assumes that the cause of death for his wife was his own daughter. The only way to become his student is to sing a song sung by Sivakami, as suggested by Sarada. He accepts Jeeva as his student.<br />
<br />
At first, Sivagurunathan does not accept their love but then accepts it when Sarada attempts suicide. Meanwhile, the village headman plans to kill Jeeva. Jeeva's father comes to speak of their marriage and insults Sivagurunathan. At that moment, he plans to marry Sarada to his servant's son Swaminathan. It takes time for them to get going in their life. Meanwhile, the village headman still pecks at Sarada. Sivagurunathan gives a concert for a lakh rupees and dies. Later Swaminathan suspects his wife of an affair with Jeeva, rumoured around the village. However, it is a devious plan hatched by the headman to manhandle Sarada. The movie ends with a reunion of the couple with Jeeva sacrificing his life in the fight with the village head.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{cast listing|<br />
* [[Sivakumar]] as Sivagurunathan<br />
* [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] as Swaminathan<br />
* [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] as Jeeva<br />
* [[Raadhu (actress)|Raadhu]] as Saradha<br />
* [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]] as Sivakami (Special Appearance)<br />
* [[Senthil]]<br />
* [[Pasi Narayanan]]<br />
* [[Anandaraj]]<br />
* [[Sethu Vinayagam]]<br />
* Raj Bhagadhoor<br />
* G. Sreenivasan<br />
* Janardhanan<br />
* Jayabal<br />
* Chinna Murugan<br />
* Sivaraman<br />
* Mottai Seetharaman<br />
* Durai<br />
* Kandhasamy<br />
* Arunachalam<br />
* Madurai Saroja<br />
* Viji<br />
* Premi<br />
* Yogeswari<br />
* Susheela<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
''Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam'' is the debut film for Anandaraj.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CR |first=Sharanya |date=11 November 2014 |title=My wife is happy that I am a villain: Anand Raj |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/my-wife-is-happy-that-i-am-a-villain-anand-raj/articleshow/45098013.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919101047/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/My-wife-is-happy-that-I-am-a-villain-Anand-Raj/articleshow/45098013.cms |archive-date=19 September 2020 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It also marked the return of Raadhu to Tamil cinema after ''[[Nizhalgal]]'' (1980).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sampath |first=Janani |date=17 March 2014 |title=Eighties' Girl Returns With Magnum Opus |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2014/Mar/17/eighties-girl-returns-with-magnum-opus-587046.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503055045/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2014/Mar/17/eighties-girl-returns-with-magnum-opus-587046.html |archive-date=3 May 2024 |access-date=3 May 2024 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraaja |url=https://macsendisk.com/product/oruvar-vaazhum-aalayam-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraaja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304050222/https://macsendisk.com/product/oruvar-vaazhum-aalayam-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraaja/ |archive-date=4 March 2023 |access-date=4 March 2023 |website=Macsendisk |language=en}}</ref> The song "Nee Pournami" is set in [[Simhendramadhyamam]] raga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=20 January 2012 |title=A Raga's Journey&nbsp;— The passionate appeal of Simhendramadhyamam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-ragas-journey-the-passionate-appeal-of-simhendramadhyamam/article2817296.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201141513/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-ragas-journey-the-passionate-appeal-of-simhendramadhyamam/article2817296.ece |archive-date=1 February 2018 |access-date=8 March 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> "Vaanin Devi" is set in [[Amritavarshini]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=30 March 2012 |title=A Raga's Journey&nbsp;— Appealing Amritavarshini |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/a-ragas-journey-appealing-amritavarshini/article3262431.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911095628/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/a-ragas-journey-appealing-amritavarshini/article3262431.ece |archive-date=11 September 2019 |access-date=8 March 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> "Uyire Uyire" is set in [[Mayamalavagowla]] raga<ref>{{Cite web |last=ஜி.ராமானுஜன் |first=டாக்டர் |date=25 May 2018 |title=ராக யாத்திரை 06: உயிரை உருக்கும் உன்னத இசை! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/129627-06-2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302135946/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/129627-06-2.html |archive-date=2 March 2024 |access-date=27 February 2024 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=Ta}}</ref> and "Pallaviye Saranam" is set in [[Khamas (raga)|Khamas]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=24 May 2013 |title=Endearing Khamas |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/endearing-khamas/article4746020.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330135217/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/endearing-khamas/article4746020.ece |archive-date=30 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=18 January 2013 |title=Tones of grace |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/tones-of-grace/article4319761.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024020838/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/tones-of-grace/article4319761.ece |archive-date=24 October 2013 |access-date=8 March 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics<br />
|-<br />
| "Baby You Are My" || Francis Lazarus, Anuradha || Dr. Kalyan<br />
|-<br />
| "Nee Pournami" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || rowspan=6|Ponnadiyan<br />
|-<br />
| "Pallaviye Charanam" || [[S. Janaki]], [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]<br />
|-<br />
| "Malaiyoram Mayile" || [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[K. S. Chithra]]<br />
|-<br />
| "Uyire Uyire" || K. J. Yesudas, S. Janaki<br />
|-<br />
| "Singaara Pennoruthi" || [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]<br />
|-<br />
| "Vaanin Devi Varuga" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1988 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:1988 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1988 films]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oru_Modhal_Oru_Kadhal&diff=523168Oru Modhal Oru Kadhal2026-03-03T03:32:02Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: Adding new details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2014 Indian film by TG Keerthi Kumar}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Oru Modhal Oru Kadhal<br />
| image = Oru Modhal Oru Kadhal Poster.jpg<br />
| director = [[TG Keerthi Kumar]]<br />
| producer = {{Plain list|<br />
* RR <br />
* S.A. Jawahar Basha<br />
}}<br />
| writer = TG Keerthi Kumar<br />
| starring = {{Plain list|<br />
* [[Vivek Rajgopal]]<br />
* [[Megha Burman]]<br />
}}<br />
| runtime = 115 minutes<br />
| music = K. R. Kawin Siva<br />
| cinematography = Yugga H.<br />
| editing = Sathyaraj<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|03|14}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
| budget = <br />
}}<br />
'''''Oru Modhal Oru Kadhal''''' ({{Translation|One collision, one love}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film written and directed by [[TG Keerthi Kumar]] and produced by RR under the banner of Kandan Gearup Entertainment. This film stars [[Vivek Rajgopal]] and [[Megha Burman]].<br />
<br />
It is loosely based on the love story of director and his wife.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
''Oru Modhal Oru Kadhal'' is a story of Karthik, who falls in love with a girl, and their trouble-filled journey from Chennai to Bangalore to Delhi giving troubles to his friends and family, is portrayed hilariously.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
* [[Vivek Rajgopal]] as Karthik<br />
* [[Megha Burman]] as Anusha<br />
* [[Pyramid Natarajan]] as Karthik's father<br />
* [[Meera Krishnan]] as Karthik's mother<br />
* [[Swaminathan]] as Shrinivasan<br />
* [[Imman Annachi]]<br />
* Mamta Prasad as Anusha's aunt<br />
* Ammu Ramachandran as Karthik's sister<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Oru Modhal Oru Kadhal<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = K.R. Kawin<br />
| cover =<br />
| alt =<br />
| released = 29 January 2014<br />
| recorded =<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length =<br />
| label = [[Divo (record label)|Divo]]<br />
| producer =<br />
| prev_title =<br />
| prev_year =<br />
| next_title =<br />
| next_year =<br />
}}<br />
The film has seven songs which were composed by K. R. Kawin Siva with lyrics for most songs by Dr. [[Piraisoodan]]. The centerpiece of the soundtrack is the [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-[[Hindi language|Hindi]] song "Punjabi Paartha", sung by [[Shankar Mahadevan]] and [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], with lyrics by Aditi K.K.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=15 February 2014 |title=Audio Beat: Oru Mothal Oru Kadhal - A leaf out of life |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-oru-mothal-oru-kadhal-a-leaf-out-of-life/article5693272.ece |access-date=19 September 2019 |work=The Hindu}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|- style="background:#ff9; text-align:center;"<br />
! Track# !! Song !! Singer(s) !! Duration<br />
|-<br />
| 1 || "Punjabiya Partha" || [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]] || 4:36<br />
|-<br />
| 2 || "Kalangathe Namba" || [[Velmurugan]] || 4:41<br />
|-<br />
| 3 || "Crystal Vanilla" || [[Vijay Prakash]], Sharky || 5:27<br />
|-<br />
| 4 || "Appana Police Copu" || [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Chinna Ponnu]] || 5:25<br />
|-<br />
| 5 || "Kadhal Devathai" || KR. Kawin || 3:32<br />
|-<br />
| 6 || "Punjabiya Partha (Club Mix)" || [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]] || 4:29<br />
|-<br />
| 7 || "OMOK Theme" || KR. Kawin || 0:52<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
===Critical response===<br />
''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "The film often has the feel of an amateur effort, its humour is corny, the plot is weak, and the acting by the lead pair is strictly functional".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Oru Modhal Oru Kadhal Movie Review {2/5}: Critic Review of Oru Modhal Oru Kadhal by Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/oru-modhal-oru-kadhal/movie-review/32132602.cms |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ஒரு மோதல் ஒரு காதல் - விமர்சனம் |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/1144/Oru-Modhal-Oru-Kadhal/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Maalaimalar cinema :Oru modhal oru kadhal |url=https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2014/03/14130603/Oru-Modhal-Our-Kadhal-Movie-Re.vpf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506071804/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/Cinema/Review/2014/03/14130603/Oru-Modhal-Our-Kadhal-Movie-Re.vpf |archive-date=2017-05-06 |access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote that "Oru Modhal Oru Kadhal is a debutant director's efforts gone awry".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rom-com Formula Gone Wrong |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2014/mar/15/rom-com-formula-gone-wrong-586405.html}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|3599196}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2014 films]]<br />
[[Category:2014 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Omerta_(2017_film)&diff=459010Omerta (2017 film)2026-03-02T09:46:46Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: slightly updated content per standard format and added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|2017 film by Hansal Mehta}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Omerta<br />
| image = Omerta film.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Hansal Mehta]]<br />
| producer = Nahid Khan<br />
| writer = [[Mukul Dev]]<br />Hansal Mehta<br />
| starring = [[Rajkummar Rao]]<br />
| music = Ishaan Chhabra<br />
| cinematography = Anuj Rakesh Dhawan<br />
| editing = Aditya Warrior<br />
| studio = {{Plainlist|<br />
* Swiss Entertainment<br />
* Karma Features<br />
}}<br />
| distributor = NH Studioz<br />
| released = {{film date|2017|9|8|[[2017 Toronto International Film Festival|TIFF]]|2018|5|4|India|df=yes}}<br />
| runtime = 105 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Hindi<br>English<br />
| budget = {{INR}}18 [[crore]]<ref name="omertarao" /><br />
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR}}4.49 crore<ref>{{Cite web|title=Omerta - Movie - Box Office India|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3761|access-date=2020-07-27|website=www.boxofficeindia.com}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Omerta''''' is a 2017 Indian [[biographical film|biographical]] [[crime film|crime]] [[drama film]] directed by [[Hansal Mehta]] and stars [[Rajkumar Rao]] in the role of [[Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh]], British terrorist of Pakistani descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Sundayapp/t2mS1LBKYqgPy7GLyzLRSO/The-simplified-terror-in-Omerta.html|title=The simplified terror in Omerta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/omerta-16399|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419053214/https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/omerta-16399|url-status=live|archive-date=19 April 2018|title=Omerta review: Steely, concise portrait of a terrorist|date=18 April 2018|website=Cinestaan}}</ref> The film explores the [[1994 kidnappings of Westerners in India]] for which Omar was arrested and served time in prison and the plotting of murder of ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' journalist [[Daniel Pearl]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/191017/omerta-movie-review-brilliant-performance-trapped-in-a-not-quite-brilliant-film.html|title=Omerta Movie Review: Brilliant performance trapped in a not quite brilliant film|date=19 October 2017|publisher=|access-date=20 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/omerta-first-look-hansal-mehta-rajkummar-rao-team-up-again-for-this-intriguing-looking-film-3337936.html|title=Omerta first look: Hansal Mehta, Rajkummar Rao team up again for this intriguing looking film|publisher=|access-date=20 October 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
The title refers to the Mafia's code of silence <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/omert%C3%A0|title=Omerta Italian noun|publisher=Merriam Webster|access-date=29 December 2021}}</ref> but is also a play on the name of the main character.<br />
Produced by Nahid Khan of Swiss Entertainment and Shaailesh R Singh of Karma Features,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/showbiz/omerta-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-hansal-mehtas-film-is-worth-a-watch-3033995/|title=Rajkummar Rao Starrer Omerta Gets Thumbs Up From Critics – Read Reviews|last=Nathan|first=Leona|date=3 May 2018|website=India.com|language=en|access-date=23 December 2018}}</ref> it was screened in the Special Presentations section at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]], the [[Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image|Mumbai Film Festival]], Florence Film Festival, [[Hong Kong International Film Festival]] and the [[Busan International Film Festival]].<ref name="TIFF">{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2017/07/toronto-film-festival-2017-margot-robbie-gary-oldman-jake-gyllenhaal-emma-stone-christian-bale-1202135285/ |title=Toronto Film Festival 2017 Unveils Strong Slate |work=Deadline |access-date=25 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.asianage.com/entertainment/bollywood/150318/hansal-mehta-surprised-by-ua-certification-for-omerta.html|title=Hansal Mehta surprised by U/A certification for Omerta|last=Jha|first=Subhash K.|work=The Asian Age|date=15 March 2018|access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/hansal-mehta-hard-push-against-terrorism-in-omerta-5109964/|title=Hansal Mehta: Happy that audience appreciated hard push against terrorism in Omerta|work=The Indian Express|date=24 March 2018|access-date=25 March 2018}}</ref> Omerta was the closing night film in 2018 [[New York Indian Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/sridevi-shashi-kapoor-omerta-nude-new-york-indian-film-festival-5104146|title=Omerta, Nude to screen at New York Indian Film Festival, tributes to Sridevi and Shashi Kapoor planned}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaac.us/NYIFF2018/CN-Film-Profile.htm|title=CLOSING NIGHT FILM SCREENING HANSAL MEHTA OMERTA|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514141706/http://www.iaac.us/NYIFF2018/CN-Film-Profile.htm|archive-date=14 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Omerta'' was released on 4 May 2018 and received positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailyo.in/arts/omerta-hansal-mehta-rajkumar-rao-aditya-warrior-best-example-of-film-editing/story/1/24092.html|title=Why Omerta should be remembered as a classic example of film editing}}</ref><ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/omerta_2018</ref><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
* [[Rajkummar Rao]] as [[Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh]]<br />
* Timothy Ryan Hickernell as [[Daniel Pearl]]<br />
* [[Rajesh Tailang]] as General Mahmud<br />
* [[Rupinder Nagra]] as Maulana Ismail<br />
* Keval Arora as Saeed Sheikh, Omar's father<br />
* Orvana Ghai as Saadia, Omar's wife<br />
* Kallirroi Tziafeta as [[Mariane Pearl]]<br />
* Aamir Wani <br />
* Harmeet Singh Sawhney as Abdul<br />
* Sanjeev Mehta as Maulana [[Masood Azhar]]<br />
* [[Satwant Kaur]] as Qaisra Sheikh- Omar’s mother<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
The story of ''Omerta'' was suggested to director [[Hansal Mehta]] by actor [[Mukul Dev]] in 2005, who marks his debut as a writer.<ref name=question>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/hansal-mehta-omerta-rajkummar-rao-5099186/|title=Omerta raises uncomfortable questions but does not provide any answers: Hansal Mehta|last=Kameshwari|first=A.|work=The Indian Express|date=16 March 2018|access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/mukul-dev-omar-sheikh-turned-me-into-a-writer/19202176|title=Mukul Dev: Omar Sheikh Turned Me Into A Writer|last=Parkar|first=Shaheen|work=Mid Day|date=16 March 2018|access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref> Mehta said that at the time when Dev told him the story, the internet was "really slow". So he had to buy books, material from the archives and magazines for the research.<ref name=question /> He started developing the script but made ''[[Shahid (film)|Shahid]]'' (2012) with [[Rajkummar Rao]] instead, as he felt the latter was an "easier film to make".<ref name=mm>{{cite news|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/omerta-director-hansal-mehta-i-am-the-outsider-even-after-25-years/articleshow/63371453.cms|title=Omerta director Hansal Mehta: I am the outsider even after 25 years|last=Bhattacharya|first=Roshmila|work=Mumbai Mirror|date=20 March 2018|access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref> He credits Rao being a reason ''Omerta'' was made. "I had to meet Rajkummar and because I met him, he became an enabler and because of him, I could make this film."<ref name=question /> Initially, Hansal was thinking of casting [[Riz Ahmed]], a British actor of Pakistani descent, as the lead actor for Omerta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/movies-to-look-forward-to/it-was-this-hollywood-actor-who-was-the-first-choice-for-omerta-not-rajkummar-rao/photostory/63780946.cms|title=It was this Hollywood actor who was the first choice for 'Omerta', not Rajkummar Rao!|website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref><br />
<br />
Mehta stated that his intention behind making ''Omerta'' was to explore evil as a "human characteristic".<ref name=question /> He further said that he wanted to leave the audience with a sense of "awe, disgust, hate, surprise" and to examine the "ramifications of these [terror] events on their lives today."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/omerta-director-hansal-mehta-wants-to-leave-the-viewer-with-a-sense-of-disgust-hate-1823918|title=Omerta Director Hansal Mehta Wants To 'Leave The Viewer With A Sense Of Disgust, Hate'|last=Srivastava|first=Shruti|publisher=NDTV|date=14 March 2018|access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref> Mehta called the villain of the film, Omar Sheikh, the "[[Hannibal Lecter|hannibal]]" of terrorism who could be planning how to outwit you even while talking to you."<ref name=mm /><br />
[[File:Omertamaking.jpg|right|thumb|Omerta in the making]]<br />
Mehta further told that the film "exposes [[state-sponsored terrorism]] and how it manipulates young minds into believing a sordid interpretation of Jihad."<ref name=speechless>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/omerta-first-look-rajkummar-rao-as-an-antagonist-will-leave-you-speechless-1822992|title=Omerta First Look: Rajkummar Rao As An Antagonist Will Leave You Speechless|last=Srivastava|first=Shruti|publisher=NDTV|date=13 March 2018|access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref> The film was shot in real locations across London and Punjab, Old Delhi,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/omerta-traces-a-dreaded-terrorists-footsteps/articleshow/63987150.cms|title='Omertà' traces a dreaded terrorist's footsteps|website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> parts of Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh in India,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/omar-shaikh-the-man-who-beheaded-daniel-pearl/articleshow/63918645.cms|title=OMAR SHAIKH: THE MAN WHO BEHEADED DANIEL PEARL}}</ref> while the scenes of Afghanistan and Pakistan were recreated.<ref name=tie>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/omerta-director-hansal-mehta-rajkummar-rao-5097789/|title=Omerta director Hansal Mehta: With Rajkummar Rao, no challenge seems insurmountable|work=The Indian Express|date=14 March 2018|access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref> Mehta, along with his crew, visited some of the places that Ahmed Sheikh had visited.<ref name=tie /> Mehta said that the film does not show the backstory of Sheikh and how he became a terrorist: "It is an uncomfortable film which will raise uncomfortable questions and answers that we have to compel our establishment to find".<ref name=question /> Several real life footage's were purchased from different sources of the [[Indian Airlines flight 814 hijacking]], media footage following the [[September 11 attacks]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/hansal-mehta-omerta-5104666/|title=Hansal Mehta: Purchased actual footage to keep Omerta as real as possible|work=The Indian Express|date=20 March 2018|access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
To prepare for the role, Rao watched several videos, documentaries and hate speeches of Sheikh repeatedly to "gather a lot of hatred and anger" inside himself.<ref name=disturbed>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/rajkummar-rao-omerta-5098425/|title=Rajkummar Rao: I was very disturbed while shooting for Omerta|last=Kameshwari|first=A.|work=The Indian Express|date=14 March 2018|access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref> He expressed that he was "disturbed" while shooting the film, because of the character he was playing and called it "easily the toughest character" he has played till date.<ref name=disturbed /><ref name=speechless /> While filming, the [[November 2015 Paris attacks]] took place. Rao stated that he was in the character and appreciated the attacks, but soon realised that it was wrong.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/omerta-trailer-rajkummar-rao-rajkumar-rao-hansal-mehta-0/208141|title=During Omertà filming, Rajkummar Rao had a shocking reaction to the 2015 Paris attacks|publisher=Times Now|date=16 March 2018|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> The title of the film refers to the Italian term for a criminal code of honor that encompasses absolute non-cooperation with legal authorities.<ref name=variety>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/reviews/omerta-review-1202564089/|title=Toronto Film Review: 'Omertà'|last=Harvey|first=Dennis|work=Variety|date=22 September 2017|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Anuj Rakesh Dhawan and Aditya Warrior served as the director of photography and editor respectively.<ref name=thr>{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/omerta-review-1057542|title='Omerta': Film Review: Mumbai 2017|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=13 November 2017|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Omerta was made on a budget of {{INR}} 18 crore (including marketing and promotions).<ref name="omertarao">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/that-old-magic/article23844614.ece|title=That old magic|website=[[The Hindu]] }}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Central Board of Film Certification]] cleared Omerta with an 'A' certificate,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/hansal-mehta-on-omertas-censor-hurdle-revising-committee-lopped-off-frontal-nudity/19355168|title=Hansal Mehta On Omerta's Censor Hurdle: Revising Committee Lopped Off Frontal Nudity}}</ref> with only two cuts, where the censor board has asked for the national anthem to be removed from an offensive scene<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/rajkummar-rao-starrer-omertas-release-date-pushed-to-4-may-cbfc-clears-film-with-a-certificate-4437731.html|title=Rajkummar Rao-starrer Omerta's release date pushed to 4 May; CBFC clears film with 'A' certificate}}</ref> and a scene involving full frontal nudity that was showcased to portray the mental condition of the protagonist.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/omerta-hansal-mehta-asked-to-chop-off-rajkummar-raos-frontal-nudity-scene-despite-a-certificate-4455289.html|title=Omerta: Hansal Mehta asked to chop off Rajkummar Rao's frontal nudity scene despite A certificate}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/omerta-censor-board-demands-two-scenes-cut-from-the-rajkummar-rao-starrer/photostory/63905703.cms|title='Omerta': Censor board demands two scenes cut from the Rajkummar Rao starrer|website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> There was report that banned scenes were leaked online few days before film’s release.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.in.com/entertainment/bollywood/omerta-banned-scenes-leaked-online-days-before-films-release-122789.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502003943/https://www.in.com/entertainment/bollywood/omerta-banned-scenes-leaked-online-days-before-films-release-122789.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2018-05-02|title=Omerta: Banned scenes leaked online days before film's release}}</ref><br />
<br />
A special screening of Omerta was held on 29 April 2018,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/bollywood-celebrities-react-to-rajkummar-rao-starrer-omerta/articleshow/63971460.cms|title=Bollywood celebrities react to Rajkummar Rao starrer 'Omerta'|website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> the same day director [[Hansal Mehta]] also celebrated his 50th birthday.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/photogallery/movies/omertas-special-screening-hansal-mehtas-birthday-party-1733457.html|title=Omerta's Special Screening & Hansal Mehta's Birthday Party}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
[[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of Firstpost praised the acting of Rajkumar Rao and gave it 3.5 stars.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/omerta-movie-review-rajkummar-raos-stellar-performance-carries-hansal-mehtas-gripping-clinical-terrorography-4455985.html|title=Omerta movie review: Rajkummar Rao's stellar performance carries Hansal Mehta's gripping, clinical terrorography}}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] of [[CNN-IBN]] praised the gripping story line of film and gave it 3 stars.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/omerta-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-plays-a-sociopath-with-an-iciness-that-will-stay-with-you-1738555.html|title=Omerta Review: Rajkummar Rao Plays a Sociopath With an Iciness That Will Stay With You}}</ref> Saibal Chatterjee of [[NDTV]] stated Rajkumar Rao performance as pitch- perfect in this riveting thriller and gave it 3.5 stars.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/omerta-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-gives-pitch-perfect-performance-in-this-riveting-thriller-1846933|title=Omerta Movie Review: Rajkummar Rao Gives Pitch Perfect Performance In This Riveting Thriller}}</ref> Sweta Kaushal of The Hindustan Times praised the spine-chiling acting of Rajkumar rao and gave the film 3.5 stars.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/omerta-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-goes-completely-dark-in-hansal-mehta-s-deft-docu-drama/story-9lB2ycjBag0DQ6TBQpYMfI.html|title=Omerta movie review: Rajkummar Rao's film focuses on the terrorist's modus operandi, not his ideology|date=4 May 2018|publisher=|access-date=13 May 2018}}</ref> Priyanka Bhadani of the Week praised the film editing and gave it 3 stars.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/877721/omerta-film-review-a-damp-squib-about-deadly-terrorist-omar-saeed-sheikh|title='Omerta' film review: A damp squib about deadly terrorist Omar Saeed Sheikh|first=Nandini|last=Ramnath|publisher=|access-date=13 May 2018}}</ref> Economic Times states that Omerta is a brutal tale of terrorism and gave it 3 stars.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/omerta-review-brutal-and-nerve-wracking-tale-of-terrorism/articleshow/64025517.cms|title='Omerta' review: A brutal and nerve-wracking tale of terrorism|date=7 May 2018|publisher=|access-date=13 May 2018|via=The Economic Times}}</ref> Meena Iyer of DNA praised the film as worth watching and gave it 3 stars.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-omerta-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-hansal-mehta-s-film-is-worth-a-dekho-if-you-like-terror-sagas-2611149|title='Omerta' Movie Review: Rajkummar Rao-Hansal Mehta's film is worth a dekko if you like terror sagas – Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=3 May 2018|publisher=|access-date=13 May 2018}}</ref> Devesh Sharma of Filmfare praised the film as dramatic account of a terrorist life and gave it 3 stars.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/omerta-movie-review-a-dramatic-account-of-a-dreaded-terrorists-life-27992.html|title=Movie Review: Omerta|publisher=|access-date=13 May 2018}}</ref> Deborah Young of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' called it a "gripping study of evil that reveals nothing".<ref name=thr /> Dennis Harvey called it a "slickly mounted film" but criticised the lack of motivation behind the crimes.<ref name=variety /> [[Namrata Joshi]] of [[The Hindu]] did not find the film clinical.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/omerta-review-doesnt-go-beyond-the-clinical/article23773182.ece|title='Omerta' review: doesn't go beyond the clinical|first=Namrata|last=Joshi|date=4 May 2018|publisher=|access-date=13 May 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> Shalini Langer of The Indian Express termed the film as a passion-less biopic and gave it 2.5 stars.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/omerta-movie-review-rajkummar-rao-5162482/|title=Omerta movie review: A surprisingly passion-less biopic of Omar Saeed Sheikh|date=4 May 2018|publisher=|access-date=13 May 2018}}</ref> Tanul Thakur of the Wire did not find the film too compelling.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/film/omerta-film-review-hansal-mehta-rajkummar-rao|title='Omertà' Fails to Go Deeper Than the Basic Facts – The Wire|website=The Wire|access-date=13 May 2018}}</ref> Nandini Ramnath of Scroll.in described the film as a damp squib.<ref name="auto" /><br />
<br />
=== Box office ===<br />
''Omerta'' was released in 500 screens in India.<ref name="omertarao" /> Omerta did not open well at the Indian box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/omerta/box-office/|title=Omerta Box Office Collection till Now – Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |publisher=|access-date=15 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-update/bo-update-102-not-opens-15-omerta-disaster/|title=BO update: 102 NOT OUT opens to 15%, OMERTA is a disaster – Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=4 May 2018|publisher=|access-date=15 May 2018}}</ref> It grossed {{INR}} 54 lakhs on the first day. The collections picked up on the first weekend and the film grossed more than {{INR}} 2 crores on Saturday and Sunday.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/omerta-box-office-collection-day-2-rajkummar-raos-film-adds-rs-1-crore-to-its-business-1847934|title=Omerta Box Office Collection Day 2: Rajkummar Rao's Film Adds Rs. 1 Crore To Its Business}}</ref> Omerta grossed {{INR}} 3.25 crores in the first week.<ref name="omertadis">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3920|title=102 Not Out Decent First Week – Omerta Disaster – Box Office India|website=www.boxofficeindia.com|access-date=13 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3916|title=102 Not Out Is Rock Steady On Tuesday – Box Office India|website=www.boxofficeindia.com|access-date=13 May 2018}}</ref> Director Hansal Mehta said that film's poor collections were due to bad show timings after the success of ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'' in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/thanks-to-the-success-of-avengers-we-were-given-very-poor-show-timings-hansal-mehta-on-omerta-collection/story-BfUHiIcIvEe04wybXTVJjO.html|title=Thanks to the success of Avengers, we were given very poor show timings: Hansal Mehta on Omerta collection|date=6 May 2018|publisher=|access-date=13 May 2018}}</ref> Omerta was not released in Bahrain, as Censor Board did not grant permission.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-hansal-mehtas-rajkummar-rao-starrer-omerta-faces-censor-issue-bahrain/|title=BREAKING: Hansal Mehta's Rajkummar Rao starrer Omerta faces censor issue in Bahrain|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/after-india-rajkummar-rao-starrer-omerta-faces-censor-board-trouble-in-bahrain/photostory/63997997.cms|title=After India, Rajkummar Rao starrer 'Omerta' faces Censor Board trouble in Bahrain – Censor Board controversies – The Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=15 May 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Controversy ===<br />
On 26 April 2018, [[Supreme Court of India]] passed a judgement, demanding director [[Hansal Mehta]] to deposit Omerta's earnings in separate bank account to pay up dues of Adarsh Telemedia — a film production house financed by Amit Agarwal, Kolkata-based businessman.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-hansal-mehta-can-t-use-his-earnings-from-rajkummar-rao-s-omerta-here-s-why-2608949|title=Hansal Mehta can't use his earnings from Rajkummar Rao's Omerta, here's why}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hansal-mehta-ordered-by-sc-to-deposit-omertas-earnings-in-separate-account-to-pay-up-rs-7-cr-dues-4447875.html|title=Hansal Mehta ordered by SC to deposit Omerta's earnings in separate account to pay up Rs 7 cr dues}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|6978268}}<br />
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|omerta}}<br />
* [https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/omerta/0-0-189437 ''Omerta''] at [[ZEE5]]<br />
<br />
{{Hansal Mehta}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Omerta}}<br />
[[Category:2017 films]]<br />
[[Category:2017 crime drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2017 biographical drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2017 Hindi-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]<br />
[[Category:Films about Islamic terrorism in India]]<br />
[[Category:Films about jihadism]]<br />
[[Category:Indian biographical drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Hansal Mehta]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language crime drama films]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Surjit_Athwal&diff=519195Murder of Surjit Athwal2026-02-26T05:43:47Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Honour killing of a British Indian woman in India}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
|name = Surjit Kaur Athwal<br />
|image = Surjit_Athwal.jpg <br />
|caption = Surjit Athwal<br />
|birth_date={{Birth-date|17 July 1971}}<br />
|death_date={{Death-date|December 1998}} (aged 27)<br />
|birth_place = [[Coventry]], England<br />
|death_place =[[Punjab, India]]<br />
|spouse = Sukhdev Singh Athwal <br />
|occupation = Customs agent at [[London Heathrow Airport]]<br />
|known= Being the victim of an honour killing in India<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Surjit Kaur Athwal''' (17 July 1971 – December 1998)<ref name="Casemine">{{cite web |title=Athwal/Athwal:: Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) Judgment |url=https://www.casemine.com/judgement/uk/5b46f1f72c94e0775e7ef25d |website=www.casemine.com |language=en |date=7 May 2009}}</ref> was a [[British Indians|British-Indian]] woman murdered in an [[honour killing]] in [[India]]. She was 27 years old at the time of her death, and had two children, aged 7 and 9 months.<ref>{{cite web|author=Singh, Manpreet K|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/language/english/it-s-decided-we-must-kill-her|title='It's decided, we must kill her'|work=[[SBS Punjabi]]|date=2018-08-24}}</ref><br />
<br />
Her murder was instigated by her mother-in-law, 70-year-old Bachan Kaur Athwal, in collusion with Surjit's husband, Sukhdev Singh Athwal. Surjit had started divorce proceedings against her abusive husband. A divorce would bring shame onto the Athwals, so Bachan Kaur lured Surjit to India, leading her to believe that if she attended two weddings in Punjab, the family would consent to a divorce. Instead, she was killed there and her body has never been found.<br />
<br />
This case marked the first conviction, in a British court, of an honour killing committed outside of the UK.<ref name=Ecclestonfresh>{{cite web|author=Eccleston, Ben|url=https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/surjit-athwal-honour-killing-coventry-14517005|title=Surjit Athwal's family make fresh calls for public inquiry|work=[[Coventry Telegraph]]|date=2018-04-11}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
Surjit was born in [[Coventry]], England,<ref name=Taneja>{{cite web|author=Taneja, Poonam|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-23328216|title=Brother wants 'justice for honour killing'|work=[[BBC]]|date=2013-07-16|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> in 1971 and grew up in the [[Foleshill]] suburb of the city.<ref name=Ecclestonfresh/><br />
<br />
In 1988, at age 16, she married Sukhdev Singh Athwal in a [[forced marriage]]. He was ten years older than Surjit and they'd met only once before they were married and she moved in with his family.<ref name="Counsel">{{cite journal |author1=James Keeley |title=Breaking the silence |journal=Counsel |issue=September 2017 |url=https://www.counselmagazine.co.uk/articles/breaking-the-silence |publisher=LexisNexis}}</ref> Both Sukhdev and Surjit's family are [[Sikhism|Sikhs]],<ref name=McVeigh>{{cite web|author=McVeigh, Karen|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/sep/20/ukcrime.prisonsandprobation|title=Woman, 70, and her son get life for 'honour killing' of daughter-in-law|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=2007-09-20}}</ref> of [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] origin.<ref name="Casemine" /><br />
<br />
Bachan Kaur Athwal was the [[Matriarchy|matriarch]] of the family, described as "controlling" by her daughter-in-law<ref name="Ward June 13">{{cite news |title=Living with my mother in law, the honour killing matriarch |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/living-with-my-mother-in-law-the-honour-killing-matriarch-59fzwx5kdbr |work=[[The Times]] |language=en}}</ref> and was said to treat Surjit like a slave.<ref name="TOI 2019">{{cite news |title=British Sikh woman's honour killing story hits TV screens |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/british-sikh-womans-honour-killing-story-hits-tv-screens/articleshow/67949548.cms |work=The Times of India |date=12 Feb 2019 |language=en}}</ref><br />
Keen for some independence, Surjit found work as a customs agent with [[HM Customs and Excise]] at [[London Heathrow Airport]]; she began to dress in western-style clothing, wore make-up and socialised with her colleagues.<ref name="Ward June 13" /> Both Bachan Kaur and Sukhdev beat and abused her to try and get her to conform to their standards and Sukhdev started spying on her while she was out with her workmates, eventually spotting her with another man.<ref name="Shamed C10">{{cite book |last1=Athwal |first1=Sarbjit Kaur |title=Shamed: The Honour Killing That Shocked Britain |date=2013 |publisher=Virgin Books |isbn=978-0-7535-4154-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3XFlAQAAQBAJ&q=Shamed%3A+The+Honour+Killing+That+Shocked+Britain+%E2%80%93+by+the+Sister+Who+Fought+for+Justice |language=en |chapter=Chapter 10}}</ref> She had formed a relationship with someone she had met at work and was having an affair. When this was discovered, she sought a divorce.<ref name="BBC Affair/Divorce">{{cite news |title=Justice sought over India murder |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-14340954 |work=BBC News |date=29 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="Casemine" /><br />
<br />
At the time of her disappearance, Surjit and Sukhdev resided in [[Hayes, Hillingdon|Hayes]], [[London Borough of Hillingdon]];<ref name=Taneja/> they lived next door to Sukhdev's mother, his brother Hardev Athwal and sister-in-law Sarbjit Athwal and had two children.<ref name="Casemine" /><br />
<br />
==Murder==<br />
In December 1998, a meeting was held at the home of Bachan Kaur Athwal; in attendance were her daughter, Bhajan Kaur Bhinder, her two sons and her daughter-in-law, Sarbjit. It is claimed that Bachan Kaur told the other attendees that she intended to "get rid of" Surjit and would be taking her to India, where plans had already been made to achieve this aim.<ref name="Ward June 13" /><ref name="Casemine" /><br />
<br />
Meanwhile, after initially refusing to agree to a divorce, Bachan Kaur told Surjit that a divorce could go ahead if she accompanied her to two weddings in India; the pair flew to Delhi on 4 December 1998.<ref name="Counsel" /><ref name=Taneja/> They were met at the airport by Bachan Kaur's brother, Darshan Singh, and on 5 and 6 December attended two weddings in rural Punjab. After the weddings Surjit went to a travel agent to try to secure an earlier flight home but was unable to do so, and she did not return on 18 December as originally scheduled.<ref name="Casemine" /><br />
<br />
When Surjit failed to return and questions were asked about her whereabouts, Bachan Kaur and Sukhdev wove a web of deceit to cover up her disappearance; they claimed that she had run away with another man in India<ref name="BBC Grandmother guilty">{{cite news |title=Grandmother guilty of murder plot |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/6906735.stm |work=BBC |date=26 July 2007}}</ref> and Sukhdev claimed to have spoken to her on the phone to confirm that she wasn't coming back,<ref name="Driscoll">{{cite book |last1=Driscoll |first1=Clive |title=In Pursuit of the Truth |date=2015 |publisher=Ebury Publishing |isbn=978-1-78503-008-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mq2_DAAAQBAJ |language=en |chapter=Chapter 15}}</ref> yet he told someone else she'd "passed away"; they forged letters purporting to be from the Metropolitan Police which they sent to the Indian Police to put them off investigating,<ref name="Met Police Conviction" /> and they forged [[conveyancing]] documents so they could transfer Surjit's financial share of the family home to themselves. It also transpired that Sukhdev had taken out a life insurance policy on Surjit the day she flew to India;<ref name="Reuters">{{cite news |title=Grandmother gets 20 years for murder |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-honour/grandmother-gets-20-years-for-murder-idUKL1987934020070919 |work=Reuters |date=19 September 2007 |language=en}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="Aus WW">{{cite web |title=The grandma who plotted an honour killing over tea |url=https://www.nowtolove.com.au/news/real-life/the-grandma-who-plotted-murder-over-tea-9033 |publisher=Australian Women's Weekly |language=en |date=27 June 2013}}</ref> he then petitioned for a divorce,<ref name="Casemine" /> claiming [[Divorce in England and Wales#The ground for divorce|desertion]].<ref name="BBC Grandmother guilty" /><br />
<br />
In reality, Bachan and Sukhdev had conspired to have Surjit murdered in India.<ref name="Counsel" /> She was taken by two men{{Dash}}one of whom was, allegedly, the brother of Bachan Kaur{{Dash}}and was drugged and strangled.<ref name="Ward June 13" /> Her body was thrown in the [[Ravi River]] and has never been recovered.<ref name=McVeigh/><br />
<br />
==Investigation== <br />
The day after Surjit flew to Delhi her sister-in-law, Sarbjit Athwal, claims to have contacted [[Crimestoppers UK]], leaving an answerphone message about her concerns for Surjit's safety but didn't receive a response.<ref name="Aus WW" /><ref name="Shamed C11">{{cite book |last1=Athwal |first1=Sarbjit Kaur |title=Shamed: The Honour Killing That Shocked Britain |publisher=Virgin Books |isbn=978-0-7535-4154-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3XFlAQAAQBAJ&q=Shamed:+The+Honour+Killing+That+Shocked+Britain+%E2%80%93+by+the+Sister+Who+Fought+for+Justice |language=en |chapter=Chapter 11|year=2013 }}</ref> When Surjit failed to return to the UK on 18 December, she sent an anonymous letter to the local police station repeating her concerns.<ref name="Ward June 13" /><br />
<br />
In May 2000, Bachan Kaur, Sukhdev Athwal and two other family members were arrested on suspicion of conspiracy to murder<ref name="Met Police Conviction">{{cite web |title=Mother and son convicted of murder (Metropolitan Police Service) |url=http://content.met.police.uk/News/Mother-and-son-convicted-of-murder/1260267582525/1257246745756 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20150409061738/http://content.met.police.uk/News/Mother-and-son-convicted-of-murder/1260267582525/1257246745756 |archive-date=9 April 2015 |access-date=3 September 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> but were released without charge.<ref name="BBC Nov 03">{{cite news |title=Missing woman's family pin hopes on Straw |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3241195.stm |work=BBC |date=6 November 2003}}</ref> The evidence was deemed purely circumstantial.<ref name="Casemine" /><br />
<br />
Sarbjit described the years following Surjit's disappearance as living "in a constant climate of fear"; she was effectively coerced and threatened into silence. It wasn't until 2004, when she was taken into hospital with a life-threatening, stress-related condition, that she decided to try and free herself from the Athwal family.<ref name="Aus WW" /><ref name="Ward June 13" /> When she left hospital she went back to her parents' home, where she told her father everything that had happened<ref name="Ward June 13" /> and he eventually managed to persuade her to go back to the police and make a statement.<ref name="BBC CPS">{{cite news |title=Murder without a body of evidence |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7002853.stm |work=BBC |date=19 September 2007}}</ref> Sarbjit and her family were subjected to death threats, intimidation and were shunned within the local Sikh community as a result.<ref name="Counsel" /><br />
<br />
In 2005, after Sarbjit had given a police statement, British authorities re-opened the murder case.<br />
<br />
Sarbjit's statement referenced the family meeting at which the plot to "get rid of" Surjit was discussed and it also alleged that Bachan Kaur had explicitly told her that Surjit had been killed in India and thrown in the river.<ref name="Ward June 13" /><br />
<br />
On 3 November 2005, one of Bachan Kaur's daughters' was arrested and quizzed about the family meeting of December 1998; she denied being at the meeting, but she did acknowledge that her mother had told her that Surjit had been killed. She later backtracked and claimed not to remember anything about such a conversation, but was compelled to testify as a [[hostile witness]] at the trial.<ref name="Casemine" /><br />
<br />
Metropolitan Police officers, led by DCI Clive Driscoll, travelled to India to gather evidence and interview suspects<ref name="Counsel" /> and, after a complex investigation, Bachan Kaur and Sukhdev Athwal were charged with conspiracy to murder in November 2005 and with murder in August 2006.<ref name="Casemine" /><br />
<br />
===Legal proceedings===<br />
Bachan Kaur Athwal and Sukhdev Athwal stood trial at the [[Old Bailey]] in spring 2007; the trial, led by Michael Worsley QC and DI Gill Barratt lasted for three months.<ref name="Met Police Conviction" /> Sarbjit spent three-and-a-half days giving evidence and being [[Cross-examination|cross-examined]];<ref name="Counsel" /> she was the first person to testify against her own family members in an open court, in a British honour killing trial.<ref name="Aus WW" /><br />
<br />
Both Bachan Kaur Athwal and Sukhdev Athwal were found guilty of murder; Bachan Kaur was given a life sentence with a [[Life imprisonment in England and Wales#Minimum term|minimum term]] of 20 years; Karen McVeigh of ''[[The Guardian]]'' stated that Bachan was "one of the oldest women in criminal history to be jailed for life"; she was aged 70 at the time of sentencing.<ref name=McVeigh/> Sukhdev received a life sentence with a minimum term of 27 years.<ref name="McVeigh"/><br />
<br />
In March 2009, Bachan Kaur appealed against both her conviction and sentence. Her appeal against conviction was dismissed, but her minimum tariff was reduced to 15 years. It was deemed that the original sentence was "manifestly excessive" due to her advanced age and the "grave cultural difficulties (Bachan) will encounter" in jail.<ref name="Dent" /><ref name="Casemine" /><br />
<br />
Sukhdev appealed against his sentence but not his conviction; the minimum tariff was duly reduced to 20 years.<ref name="Casemine" /><ref name="Dent">{{cite journal |last1=Dent |first1=Kevin |title=Crimes of 'honour' or violent control? A new way forward |journal=Counsel Magazine |issue=February 2019 |url=https://www.counselmagazine.co.uk/articles/crimes-of-honour-or-violent-control-a-new-way-forward |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Aftermath===<br />
Surjit's children were taken into the care of Social Services when their father was arrested.<ref name=McVeigh/><br />
<br />
In January 2008, a [[Confiscation#History|confiscation order]] was issued to recoup proceeds obtained by Bachan Kaur and Sukhdev Athwal when they fraudulently transferred ownership of Surjit's previous home to themselves. Sukhdev had forged Surjit's signature on the documentation in 2004 and the house was sold in 2007, the money was deposited into Bachan Kaur's account and then quickly transferred out into the bank accounts of various family members.<ref>{{cite news |title=Killer to hand over cash |url=https://www.hillingdontimes.co.uk/news/1983563.killer-to-hand-over-cash/ |work=Hillingdon Times |date=22 January 2008 |language=en}}</ref> After being forced to return what would've been Surjit's portion of the proceeds, it was awarded to her two children via a [[Sentencing in England and Wales#Compensation and restitution orders|compensation order]].<ref name="Casemine" /><br />
<br />
Surjit's brother, Jagdeesh, who campaigned relentlessly for action after his sister's disappearance, continued to pursue his quest to have those directly responsible for Surjit's murder prosecuted;<ref name="Jagdeesh">{{cite web |last1=Singh |first1=Jagdeesh |title=UK-Punjabi Mother & Wife -Tale of Surjit Kaur murder in India |url=https://www.theworldsikhnews.com/uk-punjabi-mother-wife-surjit-kaur-murder-in-india/ |website=The World Sikh News |date=18 July 2017}}</ref> in 2013, he wrote to British Prime Minister, [[David Cameron]], asking that he "press the Indian Prime Minister" to have the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) of India reinvestigate the case. In response, the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] stated: "We cannot interfere in another country's legal procedures, just as they cannot interfere in ours".<ref name=Taneja/> Surjit's killers remain free.<br />
<br />
== In media ==<br />
[[Donal MacIntyre]], a [[journalist]] covering the criminal sphere, made a documentary about the case. (''CBS Reality: Murder Files. Series 1, Episode 7'')<ref>{{cite web|author=Eccleston, Ben|url=https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/tv/surjit-athwal-cbs-reality-14516696|title=Coventry honour killing: Who was Surjit Athwal and what happened to her?|work=[[Coventry Telegraph]]|date=2018-04-11}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Really (TV channel)]] crime series, ''"The Killer in My Family"'' ''(Series 1, Episode 5 - Bachan Kaur Athwal'') also covered the case.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Killer in My Family - Bachan Kaur Athwal |url=https://www.sky.com/watch/title/series/eeef3d05-4f01-4f1b-a448-b70abeb7b31f/the-killer-in-my-family-eeef3d05-4f01-4f1b-a448-b70abeb7b31f/episodes/season-1/episode-5 |website=Sky |publisher=Really}}</ref><br />
<br />
In September 2022, Surjit's story was featured on the podcast ''Method & Madness''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.methodandmadnesspodcast.com/episodes/disposed-surjit-athwal | title=Surjit Athwal }}</ref><br />
<br />
In June 2023, Surjit's story was revisited in series 2 of 'When Missing Turns to Murder'.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt26688484/?ref_=ttep_ep6 | title=Netflix Series Season 2 | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://www.abc.net.au/foreign/honour-and-obey/5087444 ''ABC Foreign Correspondent - Honour and Obey''. (Documentary on UK HBV cases including Surjit Athwal]<br />
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZ0XHZhlpBc ''Al Jazeera: Everywoman- Honour Killings- 07 Dec 07- Part 2''. (Interview with Surjit's brother)]<br />
*[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/3638014.stm ''BBC Newsnight: Honour Killings by Navdip Dhariwal. (Sept 04'')] - Dhariwal visits the village where Surjit was last seen.<br />
<br />
{{Honor killing}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Athwal, Surjit}}<br />
[[Category:1998 murders in India]]<br />
<!--The murder occurred in India--><br />
[[Category:1998 murders in Asia]]<!--The murder occurred in India--><br />
[[Category:English people murdered abroad]]<br />
[[Category:Female murder victims]]<br />
[[Category:Honor killing victims]]<br />
[[Category:Honour killing in India]]<!--The murder occurred in India--><br />
[[Category:Honour killing in the United Kingdom]]<!--The murder was plotted in the UK, and was prosecuted by UK authorities--><br />
[[Category:Missing person cases in India]]<!--Surjit Athwal's disappearance took place in India--><br />
[[Category:People murdered in Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:British Indian history]]<br />
[[Category:Murder convictions without a body]]<br />
[[Category:Uxoricides in India]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nandi_Award_for_Best_Cinematographer&diff=454263Nandi Award for Best Cinematographer2026-02-22T15:01:31Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian film award}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}<br />
The [[Nandi Award]] for Best Cinematographer winners was instituted in 1977. This is a list of the winners of the award over the years and the films they have won for.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/nandi-awards-2012-and-2013-rajamouli-ilayaraja-samantha-and-prabhas-emerge-winners-4549659/|title=Nandi Awards 2012 and 2013: Rajamouli, Ilayaraja, Samantha and Prabhas emerge winners|date=1 March 2017|publisher=}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" width="50%"<br />
|- bgcolor="#d1e4fd"<br />
! Year || Cinematographer || Film<br />
|-<br />
| 2016 || [[Sameer Reddy]] || ''[[Sathamanam Bhavati]]''<br />
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2015 || [[K. K. Senthil Kumar]] || ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2014 || Sai Sriram || ''[[Ala Ela]]''<br />
|-style="background:#edf3fe;"<br />
| 2013 ||S. Murali Mohan Reddy || ''[[Kamalatho Naa Prayanam]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2012 || [[K. K. Senthil Kumar]] || ''[[Eega]]''<br />
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2011 || P. R. K. Raju || ''[[Sri Rama Rajyam]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2010 || [[Prasad Murella]] || ''[[Namo Venkatesa]]''<br />
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/60631.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008175836/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/60631.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 October 2010|title=Nandi Awards 2009 Winners List|publisher=}}</ref> || N. Sudhakar Reddy ||''[[Amaravathi (2009 film)|Amaravathi]]'' <br />
|-<br />
|2008 || [[Chota K. Naidu]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/nandiawards2008.html|title=Nandi awards 2008 announced - Telugu cinema news|publisher=}}</ref> || ''[[Kotha Bangaru Lokam]]''<br />
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2007 || [[Ram Prasad (cinematographer)|C. Ramprasad]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/nandiawards2007.html|title=Nandi awards 2007 announced - Telugu cinema news|publisher=}}</ref> || ''[[Munna (2007 film)|Munna]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2006 || [[Vijay C. Kumar]] || ''[[Godavari (2006 film)|Godavari]]'' <br />
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2005 || P. R. K. Raju || ''[[Radha Gopalam]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| 2004 || [[Chota K. Naidu]] || ''[[Anji (film)|Anji]]'' <br />
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2003 || [[Sekhar V. Joseph]] || ''[[Okkadu]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2002 || [[Jayanan Vincent]]|| ''[[Takkari Donga]]''<br />
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 2001 || [[Rasool Ellore]] || ''[[Nuvvu Nenu]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 2000 || [[Ashok Kumar (cinematographer)|Ashok Kumar]] || ''Sri Sai Mahima'' <br />
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 1999 || Venkata Prasad || ''[[Prema Katha]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| 1998 || [[Jayanan Vincent]] || ''[[Premante Idera]]''<br />
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 1997 || [[ A. Vincent]] || ''[[Annamayya (film)|Annamayya]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1996 || Vaasu || ''Maina'' ||<br />
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 1995 || K. Ravindra Babu <ref>[http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.indian.telugu/browse_thread/thread/79e94bd7e9aa16c1/210f1b260340e59a Google Discussiegroepen<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> || ''[[Dharma Chakram]]'' || <br />
|-<br />
| 1994 || [[S. Gopal Reddy]] ||'' [[Hello Brother (1994 film)|Hello Brother]]''<br />
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 1993 || [[Rasool Ellore]] ||'' [[Gaayam]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1992 || K. C. Diwakar || ''[[Lathi (1992 film)|Laati]]''<br />
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 1991 || [[S. Gopal Reddy]] || ''[[Kshana Kshanam]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1990 || [[Madhu Ambat]] || ''[[Hrudayanjali]]''<br />
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 1989 || [[P. C. Sriram]] || ''[[Geethanjali (1989 film)|Geethanjali]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1988 || P.S. Prakash || ''[[Prema (1989 film)|Prema]]''<br />
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 1987 || [[V. S. R. Swamy]] || ''[[Viswanatha Nayakudu]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1986 || [[Balu Mahendra]] || ''[[Nireekshana]]''<br />
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 1985 || [[Hari Anumolu|Srihari Anumolu]] || ''[[Mayuri (film)|Mayuri]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1984 || P. Bhaskar Rao || Suvarna Sundari<br />
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 1983 || [[S. Gopal Reddy]] || ''[[Ananda Bhairavi (film)|Ananda Bhairavi]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1982 || Selva Raj || ''[[Meghasandesam]]''<br />
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 1981 || Kasturi || ''[[Saptapadi (1981 film)|Saptapadi]]''<br />
|-<br />
| 1980 || No Award || No Award<br />
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 1979 || [[P. S. Nivas]] || ''[[Nimajjanam]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| 1978 || [[Balu Mahendra]] || ''[[Manavoori Pandavulu]]''<br />
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe<br />
| 1977 || [[A. Vincent]] ||''[[Adavi Ramudu (1977 film)|Adavi Ramudu]]''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nandi Award For Best Cinematographer}}<br />
[[Category:Nandi Awards|Cinematography]]<br />
[[Category:Awards for best cinematography]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patiala_School_for_the_Blind&diff=524779Patiala School for the Blind2026-02-22T04:31:50Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: Adding info</p>
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<div>{{Infobox school<br />
| name = Patiala School for the Blind<br />
| image =<br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = <br />
| address = Village Saifdipur, Behind Punjabi University<br />
| city = [[Patiala]]<br />
| district = <br />
| state = [[Punjab, India|Panjab]]<br />
| postal_code = 147001<br />
| country = India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|30.370893|76.449807|display=inline}}<br />
| schooltype = [[Special education|Special school]]<br />
| established = 1967<br />
| status = Open<br />
| superintendent = <br />
| principal = <br />
| viceprincipal = <br />
| administrator = <br />
| director = <br />
| campus_type = <br />
| athletic_conference = <br />
| motto = <br />
| rival = <br />
| mascot = <br />
| school colors = <br />
| gender = <br />
| enrollment = 60<br />
| classes = Pre-nursery–12th<br />
| language = <br />
| enrollment_as_of = <br />
| affiliations = [[Punjab School Education Board|PSEB]]<br />
| communities = <br />
| feeder_schools = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
| picture = <br />
| website = [http://www.patialaschool.org www.patialaschool.org]<br />
| free_label = Manager<br />
| free_text = [[Society for Welfare of the Handicapped]]<br />
| online news = <br />
| newspaper = <br />
| yearbook = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Patiala School for the Blind''' is a special school for blind children in Patiala city of Panjab.<ref name=ps>{{cite web |url = http://patialaschool.org/inner/psfordeaf.html |title = Patiala School for Deaf |publisher = patialaschool.org |access-date = 16 November 2014 |archive-date = 8 February 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200208221621/http://patialaschool.org/inner/psfordeaf.html |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=islpro>{{cite web |url = http://islpro.org/schools-for-the-deaf/ |title = Schools for the deaf |publisher = islpro.org |access-date = 16 November 2014 |archive-date = 7 November 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141107225819/http://islpro.org/schools-for-the-deaf/ |url-status = dead }}</ref> ''Society for Welfare of the Handicapped'' started the school in 1967.<ref name=uri>{{cite web |url = https://www.uri.org/files/static_page_files/swh_simplex.pdf |title = SOCIETY FOR WELFARE OF THE HANDICAPPED (REGD) |format = PDF |publisher = uri.org |date = |access-date = 19 November 2014 |archive-date = 29 November 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141129051823/https://www.uri.org/files/static_page_files/swh_simplex.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=ps/><br />
<br />
The school charges no fees from the students and server from pre-nursery to 12th class. This and [[Patiala School for the Deaf]] together have 200 children of which 140 are the deaf and 60 are the blind.<ref name=ps/> Hostel facility is also provided free of cost and currently, 180 students are staying in the hostel. The school also provides uniforms, stationery, meals and others free of cost.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Mahant Gurbanta Das School for Deaf & Dumb]], Bathinda<br />
* [[Vatika High School for Deaf & Dumb]], Chandigarh<br />
* [[Patiala School for the Deaf]]<br />
* [[Patiala School for the Deaf-blind]]<br />
* [[Umeed Red Cross School for Hearing Impaired]], Faridkot<br />
* [[Khosla School for the Deaf]], Jalandhar<br />
* [[School for Deaf]], Barnala<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Schools for the blind}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Schools for the blind in Punjab]]<br />
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1967]]<br />
[[Category:1967 establishments in Punjab, India]]<br />
<br />
{{disability-stub}}</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adinath_Kothare&diff=447604Adinath Kothare2026-02-19T06:48:14Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actor, director and producer (born 1984)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}} <br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Adinath Kothare<br />
| image = Addinath Kothare Receiving The Rajat Kamal at the 66th National Awards For The Film 'Paani'.jpg<br />
| caption = Kothare (right) in 2019<br />
| birth_name = Adinath Mahesh Kothare<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age |1984|5|13|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]], India<br />
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Urmilla Kothare]]|2011}}<br />
| parents = <br />
| father = [[Mahesh Kothare]]<br />
| children = 1<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|filmmaker}}<br />
| years_active = 1994–present<br />
| relatives = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Adinath Kothare''' ({{IPA|hns|ˈaːd̪iːnaːt̪ʰ koʈʰaːɾe|pron}}; born 13 May 1984) is an Indian actor and filmmaker who predominantly works in [[Marathi cinema|Marathi]] and [[Hindi cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Happy Birthday Adinath Kothare: 5 Lesser-Known Facts About The Marathi Actor - ZEE5 News|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/happy-birthday-adinath-kothare-5-lesser-known-facts-about-the-marathi-actor/amp?amp_js_v=a6&amp_gsa=1&usqp=mq331AQKKAFQArABIIACAw==#aoh=16249515323807&referrer=https://www.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251$s&ampshare=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/happy-birthday-adinath-kothare-5-lesser-known-facts-about-the-marathi-actor|access-date=2021-06-29|website=ZEE5| date=13 May 2020 }}</ref> He has received numerous accolades, including a [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]], a [[Maharashtra State Film Awards|Maharashtra State Film Award]], three [[Filmfare Awards Marathi|Filmfare Marathi Awards]] and four [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Adinath Kothare acted as a child artist in Maza Chakula |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/did-you-know/adinath-kothare-mahesh-kothare-maza-chakula-ved-lavi-jeeva-satrangee-re-dubhang-zapatlela-2-laxmikant-berde-ashok-saraf-prashant-damle/articleshow/34734419.cms |access-date=2023-04-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
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Born into the [[List of Hindi film families#Kothare family|Kothare family]], he first appeared on screen as a child actor in his father's film ''[[Majha Chakula]]'' (1994). As an adult, he made his acting debut with ''Ved Lavi Jeeva'', earning a nomination at the [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]], and went on to appear in the sports drama ''Standby'' (2011) and [[Aditya Sarpotdar]]'s college drama ''Satrangi Re'' (2012). He gained recognition for playing a ventriloquist in ''[[Zapatlela 2]]'' (2013), an adventurous young man in ''[[Hello Nandan]]'' (2014), an atheist student in ''[[Avatarachi Goshta]]'' (2014) and cricketer [[Dilip Vengsarkar]] in the Hindi film ''[[83 (film)|83]]'' (2021).<br />
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He rose to prominence in the 2020s with the musical romantic drama ''[[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|Chandramukhi]]'' (2022), followed by the family drama [[Shaktiman (2024 film)|''Shaktimaan'']] and the comedy ''[[Panchak]]'' (both 2024). The former earned him his first [[Filmfare Awards Marathi|Filmfare Marathi Award]] nomination. Kothare made his directorial debut with ''[[Paani (film)|Paani]]'', which won the [[National Film Award for Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation]] along with several other awards and nominations. He was also a part of series such as ''[[City of Dreams (TV series)|City of Dreams - Season 2]]'' and ''[[Crime Beat]]'' (2025).<br />
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Kothare and his father jointly own [[Kothare Vision]], a production company established in 2008 that produces films, television serials, and web series. He is married{{Clarify|reason=Are they now separated? Says so in the infobox|date=November 2025}} to actress [[Urmilla Kothare|Urmila Kothare]], with whom he has a daughter.<br />
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== Early life ==<br />
Kothare was born on 13 May 1984 in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], to [[Mahesh Kothare]] and Nilima Kothare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-04 |title=Video: "कजरा रे…", गाण्यावर बाप-लेक थिरकणार; पाहा महेश कोठारे व आदिनाथ कोठारे यांच्या धमाल डान्सची झलक |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/mahesh-kothare-and-adinath-kothare-father-son-duo-will-dance-on-kajra-re-song-at-zee-chitra-gaurav-puraskar-2025-watch-video-nsp-98-4929337/ |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> His father, Mahesh Kothare, is a renowned Indian filmmaker, actor, and producer known for his contributions to Marathi cinema. He pioneered innovative techniques, including special effects and fantasy elements.<ref>{{Cite web |last=मेढे |first=जयदीप |date=2024-05-23 |title=बँकेने घरावर जप्ती आणली, मुंबईत बेघर झालो...अभिनेता आदिनाथ कोठारेने सांगितला कुटुंबावर ओढावलेला |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/adinath-kothare-marathi-actor-revel-struggle-during-father-mahesh-kothare-bad-patch-time-1284374 |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bodke |first=Chetan |date=2024-05-24 |title=बँकेचे हफ्ते थकले अन् मुंबईत बेघर झालो...; आदिनाथ कोठारेने सांगितला कुटुंबावर ओढावलेला वाईट काळ |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/marathi-movie-famous-actor-adinath-kothare-revealed-about-his-father-mahesh-kothare-struggling-period-cb99 |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Marathi News Saam TV |language=mr}}</ref> His mother, Nilima, is a homemaker.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2018 |title=Adinath Kothare - Marathi cinema's famous star kids |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/marathi-cinemas-famous-star-kids/adinath-kothare/photostory/63332716.cms |access-date=2021-06-29 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Coming from a family deeply rooted in the film industry, Kothare is the grandson of Amber Kothare and Saroj Kothare. Amber Kothare was a veteran Marathi theater artist, actor, and film producer, widely recognized for his contributions to experimental theater. Later, he also played negative and character roles in his son's films.<ref>{{Cite web |title=प्रदीर्घ कालपटाचा साक्षीदार |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/editorial/manasa/amber-kothare-the-witness-of-the-long-film/articleshow/97296547.cms |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> Saroj Kothare, popularly known in the industry as Jenma, was a respected colorist and producer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-16 |title=Veteran Producer Saroj Amber Kothare AKA Jenma Dies At 93. Mahesh Kothare Pays Respects To Late Mother |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/veteran-producer-saroj-amber-kothare-aka-jenma-dies-at-93-mahesh-kothare-pays-respects-to-late-mother-article-101792273 |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><br />
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==Career==<br />
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=== Child actor and initial work (1994–2009) ===<br />
Kothare began his career as a child actor in 1994 at the age of ten starring in his father's Marathi directorial drama ''[[Majha Chakula]]''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2020-05-13 |title=हा गोंडस मुलगा आहे प्रसिद्ध अभिनेता; वडिलही होते बालकलाकार |url=https://www.mymahanagar.com/entertainment/birthday-boy-marathi-actor-adinath-kotharea/184133/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=My Mahanagar |language=mr}}</ref> He played a pivotal role as a mischievous boy who gets kidnapped from a bank but cleverly escapes from his captors, with actress [[Nivedita Saraf|Nivedita Joshi]] portraying his mother in the film.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}} The movie was both a critical and commercial success, earning Kothare the [[Maharashtra State Film Awards|Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Child Actor]].<ref name=":1" /><br />
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Subsequently, he was an assistant director to his father on ''[[Chimani Pakhar]]'', ''[[Pachadlela]]'' and [[Khabardar (film)|''Khabardar'']].<br />
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=== Lead Acting Debut and Recognition (2010–2015) ===<br />
Kothare made his leading debut in 2010 with ''Ved Lavi Jeeva'', opposite debutant Vaidehi Parshurami. Directed by his father, the love drama featured him as a car mechanic who falls in love with a wealthy girl.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2021-09-27 |title=आदिनाथ कोठारे याचे सर्वोत्कृष्ट 10 सिनेमे |url=https://www.mensxp.com/marathi/entertainment/marathi-movies/94056-adinath-kothare-best-movies.html |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=MensXP |language=mr-IN}}</ref> The film and the lead pair's chemistry were well received, earning Kothare nominations for Best Debut and [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Actor|Best Actor]] at the [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]. The following year, he starred as a footballer in Sanjay Surkar's sports drama ''Stand By'', which explored corruption, favoritism, and nepotism in Indian football.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2011-08-26 |title=Stand By |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/stand-by/?ref=archive_pg |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> While the film received mixed reviews, [[Taran Adarsh]] of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' praised Kothare's performance, stating, "It is Adinath Kothare who catches you with complete surprise in a challenging role that offers him ample scope to exhibit his range as an actor."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2011-08-26 |title=Stand By Review 2.5/5 {{!}} Stand By Movie Review {{!}} Stand By 2011 Public Review {{!}} Film Review |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/stand-by/critic-review/stand-by-movie-review/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |language=en}}</ref> Kothare then starred alongside [[Urmilla Kothare|Urmila Kanetkar]] in ''Dubhang'', playing a financially struggling boxer dealing with unexpected challenges after having twins. It was the first Marathi film to use [[Dolby Digital|Dolby Digital 7.1]] sound technology.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Chettiar |first=Blessy |title=Review: ' Dubhang' is a confused sports melodrama |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-dubhang-is-a-confused-sports-melodrama-1610810 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> Namita Nivas of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' appreciated his performance, remarking, "Kothare as Rohan is very impressive in his performance but he looks to young to play father."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-21 |title=Dubhang |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/dubhang/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In 2012, his only release was the musical romance ''Satrangi Re'', directed by [[Aditya Sarpotdar]].<ref>{{Cite web|title='Satrangi Re' - Marathi Movie|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/marathi-movies-of-bhushan-pradhan-you-should-not-miss/satrangi-re/photostory/65318384.cms|access-date=2021-06-29|website=The Times of India|date=18 September 2018 }}</ref><br />
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He gained further attention in 2013 as [[Zapatlela (film series)#Aditya Bolke|Aditya Bolke]] in ''[[Zapatlela 2]]'', the sequel to the 1993 cult classic horror-comedy ''[[Zapatlela]]'', making it the first Marathi film to be released in [[3D film|3D]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=Mahesh trusts Indian artistes for Zapatlela 3 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/mahesh-ropes-in-indian-vfx-artistes-for-zapatlela-3/articleshow/46976794.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-10 |title=Glorious muhurat of Marathi movie 'Zapatlela 2' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/glorious-muhurat-of-marathi-movie-zapatlela-2/articleshow/16638785.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> His performance received widespread acclaim from both critics and audiences.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shirke |first=Ullhas |date=2013-06-07 |title='Zapatlela 2' is more of fantasy than a scary film |url=https://marathimovieworld.com/review/zapatlela2-movie-review.php |access-date=2025-03-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' praised him, stating, "The young Kothare carries the film on his shoulders with his zany charm, nervous energy and excellent comic timing."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Zapatlela 2 - 3D Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/zapatlela-2-3d/movie-review/20488958.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film grossed {{INRConvert|12|c}}, making it [[List of Marathi films of 2013#Box office collection|the third highest-grossing marathi film of 2013]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=narayan |first=kimaya |date=2024-10-26 |title=आदिनाथ नाही तर लक्ष्याचा खरा लेक अभिनय होता 'झपाटलेला 2' चा खरा हिरो ! पण 'या' कारणामुळे हुकली संधी |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/not-adinath-but-abhinay-berde-was-first-choice-for-zapatlela-2-as-lakshyas-son-role-entertainment-news-kds07 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=Mr}}</ref> In the same year, he reunited with [[Sonalee Kulkarni]] in Neeraj Udhwani's Hindi short film ''Rewind'', where he played a man who discovers his arranged bride was once a call girl he had paid, struggles to accept her past, but eventually realizes his mistake.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=Watch hot and steamy Sonalee |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/adinath-kothare-sonalee-neeraj-udhwani-dil-toh-bachcha-hai-ji-mere-dad-ki-maruti-bollywood/articleshow/34880854.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> ''India Forums'' and ''[[India.com]]'' listed the short film among the Top 20 and Top 10 best short films, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tisca Chopra's Chutney and 10 other Indian short films you should watch now! {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/tisca-chopras-chutney-and-10-other-indian-short-films-you-should-watch-now-1676180/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=20 Short Films That Are Way Too Beautiful To Miss. {{!}} Bollywood |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/forum/bollywood/4545503/20-short-films-that-are-way-too-beautiful-to-miss |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref><br />
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2014 was a busy year for Kothare, with five releases. He starred in ''[[Hello Nandan]]'', a thriller about a man searching for a lost mobile number, which leads to life-altering discoveries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=हॅलो नंदन १४ मार्चपासून |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/hello-nandan-marathi-film/articleshow/31846846.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> ''The Times of India'' praised his performance, stating, "He is at ease in front of the camera and expresses the frustration, confusion and helplessness of Nandan with effortless ease."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hello Nandan Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/hello-nandan/movie-review/32018424.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He then starred in [[Gajendra Ahire]]'s ''[[Anvatt]]'', playing a doctor alongside his wife, Urmila Kanetkar, in what marked their second and final collaboration. They portrayed a couple who decide to spend a year in a remote village to fulfill Vinay's late grandfather's wish.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Punemirror |date=2014-07-24 |title=The Unexplained |url=https://punemirror.com/entertainment/marathi-reviews/the-unexplained/cid5011367.htm |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=punemirror.com |language=en}}</ref> The film received critical acclaim, with their performances being particularly appreciated.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shirke |first=Ullhas |date=2014-07-25 |title='Anvatt' challenges blind faith |url=https://marathimovieworld.com/review/anwatt-review.php#google_vignette |access-date=2025-03-14 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-08-01 |title=Anvatt (Marathi) / Entertaining thriller |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/anvatt-marathi-entertaining-thriller/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Additionally, their on-screen kissing scene became a widely discussed topic, adding to the film's buzz.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Urmila Kanetakar kisses Adinath Kothare in 'Anvat' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/marathi/urmila-kanetakar-kisses-adinath-kothare-in-anvat/videoshow/38003215.cms |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> He also played romantic leads in ''[[Ishq Wala Love]]'' and ''[[Premasathi Coming Suun]]'', both of which received mixed receptions.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Premasathi Coming Suun Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/premasathi-coming-suun/movie-review/45501721.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> His final release of the year was the critically and commercially acclaimed Marathi drama ''[[Avatarachi Goshta]]'', where he portrayed an atheist engineering student who helps a young boy break free from his fantasy of avatars.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=Adinath goes back to school |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/adinath-goes-back-to-school/articleshow/45573409.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-14 |title=Marathi Film Avatarachi Goshta launches its promotional song |url=https://www.apnnews.com/marathi-film-avatarachi-goshta-launches-its-promotional-song/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=APN News |language=en-US}}</ref> Keertikumar Kadam remarked, "Adinath looks cute and boyish and has delivered ably, what was expected from him, but he has been wasted in the first half. However, in the second half, director has given his character maximum scope."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kadam |first=Keertikumar |date=2014-12-26 |title='Avtarachi Goshta' speaks about other side of faith |url=https://marathimovieworld.com/review/avatarachi-goshta-review.php |access-date=2025-03-14 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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In 2015, he had a brief role in Ahire's period drama ''[[Nilkanth Master]]'', set during India's independence movement, where he played a revolutionary leader.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nilkanth Master Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/milkanth-master-marathi-movie-review/movie-review/48404036.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film premiered as the closing film at the [[International Film Festival of India]] but received mixed reviews upon release.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=Goa film festival was a hit |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/goa-film-festival-was-a-hit/articleshow/48200941.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He also appeared in [[Shrabani Deodhar]]'s ''[[Sata Lota Pan Sagla Khota]]''.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |author=EDITORIAL Staff |date=2015-05-25 |title=विनोदी अंगाने तरुणाईला चिमटा घेणारा 'साटंलोटं...पण सगळं खोटं' |url=https://marathistars.com/news/a-comical-barb-at-the-youth-in-sata-lota-pan-sagla-khota/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=MarathiStars |language=en-US}}</ref> He made his television debut in the thrilling crime drama ''[[100 Days (2016 TV series)|100 Days]]'' on [[Zee Marathi]], starring alongside [[Tejaswini Pandit]] as a [[Sub-inspector|PSI]] officer investigating a woman's husband's murder.<ref>{{Cite web |author=EDITORIAL Staff |date=2016-10-24 |title=100 Days: The New Thriller On Zee Marathi! |url=https://marathistars.com/tv-serial/news-tv-serial/100-days-new-thriller-zee-marathi/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=MarathiStars |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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=== Directorial Debut and commercial success (2018–present) ===<br />
After a three-year gap, Kothare returned in 2018 with a supporting role in ''[[Take Care Good Night]]'', a cybercrime thriller.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-03-16 |title=Adinath Kothare returns to silver screen after three years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/adinath-kothare-returns-to-silver-screen-after-three-years/articleshow/63335746.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Mihir Bhanage of ''The Times of India'' noted, "Kothare makes the most of his role but should’ve had more screen time."<ref>{{Cite news |title=TC.GN :Take Care Good Night Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/tc-gn-take-care-good-night/movie-review/65622743.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> <br />
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The year 2019 proved pivotal, he starred opposite [[Mrunmayee Deshpande]] in [[Madhuri Dixit]]'s maiden production ''[[15 August (2019 film)|15 August]].''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-27 |title=Madhuri Dixit-Produced Netflix Film, '15 August', Gets March Release Date |url=https://www.gadgets360.com/entertainment/news/netflix-india-15-august-madhuri-dixit-release-date-march-2019-1999383 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Gadgets 360 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2018-03-09 |title=Madhuri Dixit kicks off her first Marathi production 15th August : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/madhuri-dixit-kicks-off-first-marathi-production-15th-august/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |language=en}}</ref> The same year, he made his directorial debut with ''[[Paani (film)|Paani]]'', a survival drama co-produced by [[Priyanka Chopra|Priyanka Chopra Jonas]]’ [[Purple Pebble Pictures]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2018-05-15 |title=REVEALED: Priyanka Chopra to produce her next Marathi film on water scarcity : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/revealed-priyanka-chopra-produce-next-marathi-film-water-scarcity/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Adinath's directorial debut is a biopic - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/adinath-kothare-director-debut/articleshow/51821834.cms|access-date=2021-06-29|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The film, based on the true story of Hanumant Kendre, a man from drought-hit [[Nanded]] (played by Kothare himself), had been in development since 2014 and was filmed in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desai |first=Nandini |date=2016-04-18 |title=Adinath Kothare turns director |url=https://marathistars.com/news/adinath-kothare-turns-director-with-paani/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=MarathiStars |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Actor, producer and now director Adinath Kothare talks about '83 and Paani {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/exclusive-actor-producer-and-now-director-adinath-kothare-talks-about-83-and-paani-51407.html |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref> Premiered at the [[New York Film Festival]] and screened at the [[National Film Archive of India]], ''Paani'' was highly acclaimed but underperformed theatrically.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paani: Adinath Kothare At The NFAI For The Screening Of His National Award Winning Film {{!}} SpotboyE |url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/paani-adinath-kothare-at-the-nfai-for-the-screening-of-his-national-award-winning-film/5d8a2ff3c43f2f22b71d3b57 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=www.spotboye.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=मेढे |first=जयदीप |date=2024-08-20 |title=सिनेइंडस्ट्रीतील तीन दिग्गज पहिल्यांदाच एकत्र, आदिनाथ कोठारेच्या दिग्दर्शनातील पहिल्या चित्रपटा |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/paani-marathi-movie-release-date-announce-adinath-kothare-directorial-debut-film-paani-rajshri-entertainment-kothare-vision-private-limited-priyanka-chopra-1307004 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref> Siddhant Adlakha of ''[[Firstpost]]'' called it, "a nuanced character piece" and wrote, "Kothare commands both sides of the camera. Behind it, he crafts a masterful portrait of rural Nagdarwadi and its villagers, ...in front of it, Kothare plays a paragon of decency around whom his story pivots."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-03 |title=Paani movie review: This Priyanka Chopra-produced Marathi film is part 'message' drama, part oddball romance |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/paani-movie-review-this-priyanka-chopra-produced-marathi-film-is-part-message-drama-part-oddball-romance-6721031.html |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> Nandini Ramnath for ''[[Scroll.in]]'' wrote, "Kothare is competent too as the home-grown hero who rouses the masses into performing a rare Marathwada miracle." while Kalpeshraj Kubal of ''The Times of India'' stated, "He is at his natural best here, portraying the struggle, determination and optimism through Hanumant's portrayal."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=2024-10-18 |title='Paani' review: An engaging saga of a rare miracle in drought-prone Marathwada |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1074448/paani-review-an-engaging-saga-of-a-rare-miracle-in-drought-prone-marathwada |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Paani Movie Review : An inspiring story of a common man's uncommon struggle |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/paani/movie-review/114348495.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film and Kothare's work were honored with multiple awards, including the MaTa Sanman, [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Film|Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]], and [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Marathi|Filmfare Awards Marathi]] for Best Director. ''Paani'' also won the [[National Film Award for Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation|Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation]] at the [[66th National Film Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZEE Chitra Gaurav Puraskar Paani : झी चित्र गौरव पुरस्कार सोहळ्यात पाणी ठरला अव्वल! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/photos/zee-chitra-gaurav-puraskar-aadinath-kothare-s-film-paani-wins-7-awards/887079 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Zee 24 taas |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-12-23 |title=66th National Film Awards: Addinath Kothare's 'Paani' wins the best film for environment conversation; WATCH |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/66th-national-film-awards-addinath-kothares-paani-wins-the-best-film-for-environment-conversation-watch/articleshow/72938943.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> <br />
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In 2020, Kothare appeared in the romantic short film ''Shevanti'', which explored the journey of a couple through the phases of love—before and after marriage, and how their relationship evolves over time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shevanti: Deepti Devi And Addinath Kothare Starrer Romantic Shortfilm Coming Soon {{!}} SpotboyE |url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/shevanti-deepti-devi-and-addinath-kothare-starrer-romantic-shortfilm-coming-soon/5ef9cc0463a45629e5b6bc52 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=www.spotboye.com |language=en}}</ref> The film garnered critical appreciation and was officially selected for the [[Asian Film Festival]], [[Mumbai International Film Festival]], and Siliguri Short Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-03 |title=‘शेवंती’ नाते संबंध जपायला आणि जगायला शिकवणारी कथा |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/adinath-kothare-and-deepti-devi-starrer-shevanti-short-film-written-by-chandrashekhar-gokhale-and-director-by-nilesh-kunjir/526087 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Zee 24 taas |language=mr}}</ref> It also won the Best Short Film award at the Maac 24FPS International Animation Awards.<ref name=":10" /> Kothare joined the ensemble cast of [[83 (film)|''83'']] (2021), [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]]’s biographical sports drama about India's historic cricket [[World cup|World Cup]] victory.<ref>{{Cite web |title='83': Ranveer Singh introduces Adinath Kothare as Dilip Vengsarkar |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/entertainment/bollywood/83-ranveer-singh-introduces-adinath-kothare-as-dilip-vengsarkar20200121124533/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-31 |title=83: Marathi actor Adinath Kothare to play Dilip Vengsarkar in Ranveer Singh's upcoming sports drama |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/83-marathi-actor-adinath-kothare-to-play-dilip-vengsarkar-in-ranveer-singhs-upcoming-sports-drama-6360811.html |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> He portrayed a stylish right-handed batsman and one of India's most successful players of the 1980s, [[Dilip Vengsarkar]], who missed the latter half of the tournament due to an injury sustained during the [[1983 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-25 |title=What Dilip Vengsarkar told Adinath Kothare about his 83 injury during match with West Indies: 'I just wanted to…' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/adinath-kothare-bag-dilip-vengsarkar-role-in-83-film-ranveer-singh-kabir-khan-7688321/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Despite critical acclaim, the film underperformed at the Indian box office.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-12-24 |title='83: FIVE reasons why you should not miss Kabir Khan's sports drama starring Ranveer Singh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/83-five-reasons-why-you-should-not-miss-kabir-khans-sports-drama-starring-ranveer-singh/photostory/88444588.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
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In 2022, Kothare portrayed a charismatic politician in [[Prasad Oak]]'s musical romantic drama ''[[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|Chandramukhi]]'' opposite [[Amruta Khanvilkar]]. The film was based on [[Vishwas Patil|Vishwas Patil's]] novel of the same name.<ref>{{Cite web |last=टीम |first=एबीपी माझा वेब |date=2022-03-16 |title='चंद्रमुखी' मधील 'दौलत' साकारणार आदिनाथ कोठारे; रूबाबदार लूक चर्चेत |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/adinath-kothare-will-play-daulat-role-in-chandramukhi-movie-1041896 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref> To prepare for the role, he underwent rigorous training to perfect his body language and mannerisms, even turning down three other projects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CineBlitz |first=Team |date=2022-03-16 |title=Adinath Kothare to play a dreamy politician in 'Chandramukhi' |url=https://cineblitz.in/news-gossip/adinath-kothare-to-play-a-dreamy-politician-in-chandramukhi/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=CineBlitz |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> Critics praised his performance, with Mihir Bhanage of ''The Times of India'' stating that he "fits the part and channels the 'macho persona with a heart of gold' character well."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandramukhi Movie Review: A decent love story which could have been a better political drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/chandramukhi/amp_movie_review/91177509.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> [[The Week (Indian magazine)|''The Week'']] noted, "it is hard to shake off Adinath Kothare's shrewd politician persona which makes a hard impact. He embodies flamboyance and charisma with elan."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ace performances, stellar cast, epic dialogues: Audiences applaud the magnum opus drama 'Chandramukhi' |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2022/05/05/Ace-performances-stellar-cast-epic-dialogues-Audiences-applaud-the-magnum-opus-drama-chandramukhi.html |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref> The film was a commercial success, grossing {{INRConvert|24|c}} at the worldwide box office, making it [[List of Marathi films of 2022|the fourth highest-grossing Marathi film of 2022]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaushal |first=Sweta |title=Marathi Cinema: Planet Marathi, Everest Entertainment Lead Industry To Steady Growth |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/swetakaushal/2023/05/08/marathi-cinema-planet-m-everest-entertainment-lead-industry-to-steady-growth/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> He earned nominations at [[Fakt Marathi Cine Sanman for Best Actor in a Lead Role|Fakt Marathi Cine Sanman]], [[MFK Award for Favourite Actor|Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]] and his first [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Marathi|Filmfare Marathi]] nomination for Best Actor.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Nominations announced for the Planet Marathi presents Filmfare Awards Marathi 2022 {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-announced-for-the-planet-marathi-filmfare-awards-marathi-2022_-57599.html |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
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He reunited with Dixit's production house once more for the 2024 horror-comedy ''[[Panchak]]'', featured an ensemble cast that included [[Dilip Prabhavalkar]], [[Bharati Achrekar]], Anand Ingale and [[Tejashri Pradhan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=एबीपी माझा एंटरटेनमेंट |date=2023-11-03 |title=माधुरी दीक्षितच्या मराठी सिनेमात 'हे' कलाकार दिसणार मुख्य भूमिकेत |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/madhuri-dixit-marathi-movie-dhak-dhak-girl-madhuri-dixit-announce-new-marathi-movie-panchak-with-husband-shriram-nene-know-about-movie-release-date-starcast-film-details-actress-entertainment-1225017 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref> The film revolves around a family struggling with superstitions and the fear of death.<ref>{{Cite web |last=More |first=Priya |date=2023-12-21 |title=Panchak Movie: आदिनाथ कोठारेने उघड केली 'पंचक'ची मिस्ट्री, चित्रपटाच्या नावाचा काय आहे अर्थ? |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/marathi-actor-adinath-kothare-and-dipti-devi-explain-what-is-meaning-of-movie-panchak-pvm91 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Marathi News Saam TV |language=mr}}</ref> ''Panchak'' premiered at the [[Pune International Film Festival]] before its theatrical release.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dolare |first=Rahul |date=2023-01-23 |title=Seven films shortlisted in Marathi competition section for 21st Pune International Film Festival |url=https://www.punekarnews.in/seven-films-shortlisted-in-marathi-competition-section-for-21st-pune-international-film-festival/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Punekar News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-25 |title=Madhuri Dixit Nene's 'Panchak' gets a standing ovation at the film festival; set to release on 5th January 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/madhuri-dixit-nenes-panchak-gets-a-standing-ovation-at-the-film-festival-set-to-release-on-5th-january-2024/articleshow/104690170.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film earned {{INRConvert|4.19|c}} at the box office, achieving moderate commercial success.<ref>{{Cite web |title=जोरदार प्रमोशन, पण कमाई मात्र नाहीच; माधुरी दीक्षितच्या 'पंचक'नं पाच दिवसात कमावले फक्त... |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/box-office-collections/madhuri-dixit-and-shriram-nene-marathi-movie-panchak-movie-box-office-collection/articleshow/106696475.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> Critics praised Kothare's performance, with Keyur Seta for ''The Common Man Speaks'' noting, "Kothare is thoroughly impressive as a firm but affectionate Madhav."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-07 |title=Panchak (Marathi movie) Review |url=https://thecommonmanspeaks.com/panchak-marathi-movie-review/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=The Common Man Speaks |language=en-US}}</ref> His second release of the year, ''[[Shaktiman (2024 film)|Shaktiman]]'', directed by Prakash Kunte, was a family drama centered on a couple navigating personal challenges.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/spruha-joshi-and-adinath-kothare-new-marathi-movie-shaktiman-will-release-in-24-may-a-a971/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=www.lokmat.com |title="बाबा, तू होऊ शकतो सुपरहीरो?", 'शक्तिमान' सिनेमातून आदिनाथ कोठारे-स्पृहा जोशी प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला |date=10 May 2024 }}</ref> ''The Times of India'' critic Kalpeshraj Kubal remarked that the film rested on Kothare's shoulders, adding, "He delivers a relatable performance but the makers seem to have gotten carried away while trying to bring all the focus to his character."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shaktiman Movie Review : Heartfelt, but predictable |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/shaktiman/movie-review/110423211.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Kothare was nominated at the Aaryans Awards for Best Actor and Best Singer Male.<ref>{{Cite web |title='आर्यन सन्मानासाठी' कलाकृती पाठविण्याचे आवाहन |url=https://www.mahamtb.com/Encyc/2024/8/22/Aryan-sanman.html |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=www.mahamtb.com |language=mr}}</ref><br />
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Beyond films, Kothare played an inspector in [[Rohan Sippy]]’s legal drama series ''[[Criminal Justice: Adhura Sach]]'' (2022), and a strong-willed politician in ''[[City of Dreams (TV series)|City of Dreams – Season 2]]'' (2023), directed by [[Nagesh Kukunoor]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2021-08-09 |title=EXCLUSIVE: “Nagesh Kukunoor has pulled-off one of the finest scripts I think in web series”- Adinath Kothare talks about City Of Dreams season 2 2 : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-nagesh-kukunoor-pulled-off-one-finest-scripts-think-web-series-addinath-kothare-talks-city-dreams-season-2/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |language=en}}</ref> His performance in ''City of Dreams'' was met with acclaim, with both critics and audiences appreciating his screen presence and conviction.<ref>{{Cite web |title=City Of Dreams 2: Priya Bapat, Siddharth Chandekar And Addinath Kothare Starrer Web Series Crosses 7.6 Million Viewers In 10 Days {{!}} SpotboyE |url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/city-of-dreams-2-priya-bapat-siddharth-chandekar-and-addinath-kothare-starrer-web-series-crosses-7-6-million-viewers-in-10-days/6113954cc22b2417f3f9434e |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=www.spotboye.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=City Of Dreams Season 2 Review : A political thriller that's grander in scale, but not in its impact |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/city-of-dreams/season-2/seasonreview/84641864.cms |access-date=2025-03-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> <br />
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Continuing his momentum, 2025 brought several noteworthy appearances, he starred as an [[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] in ''[[Crime Beat]]'', a drama centered on investigative journalism and crime reporting, inspired by Somnath Batabyal's 2013 novel ''The Price You Pay''.<ref name=":11" /> Sumit Rajguru of ''[[Times Now]]'' praised his performance, writing, "Kothare looks convincing in the role of an emotionally charged cop. His sincere performance touches your heart."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-21 |title=Crime Beat Review: Saqib Saleem-Saba Azad’s Show Is Lousy Representation Of Investigative Journalism |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/crime-beat-review-saqib-saleem-saba-azad-show-is-lousy-representation-of-investigative-journalism-review-118418067 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> He also made a brief but memorable appearance in [[Netflix]]’s ''[[The Royals (2025 TV series)|The Royals]]'' as a calculating money man, a role that drew positive attention.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The Royals review: Ishaan Khatter, Bhumi Pednekar series struggles for air under all that costumery |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-royals-review-ishaan-khatter-bhumi-pednekar-series-struggles-for-air-under-all-that-costumery-9992646/ |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Also in that year, Kothare took on the spiritually significant role of [[Namdev|Sant Namdev]], widely known for his devotional [[Abhang|abhangas]] in [[Digpal Lanjekar]]’s historical film ''[[Sant Dnyaneshwaranchi Muktai]]'', where portrayal was well received and noted for its quiet depth and sincerity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhingarde |first=Santosh |date=2025-04-19 |title=Sant Dnyaneshwaranchi Muktaai review: माऊली आणि त्यांच्या भावंडांची भक्तीमय गाथा; कसा आहे 'संत ज्ञानेश्वरांची मुक्ताई' चित्रपट? |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/sant-dnyaneshwaranchi-muktaai-movie-review-mauli-story-psn14 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=Mr}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Other works and media image ==<br />
Apart from his work in films and television, Kothare has also gained recognition for his style and public presence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-23 |title=Maharashtra's Most Desirable Men 2018 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/times-poll-2018/pune-times-most-desirable-men |access-date=2022-06-14 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-06 |title=Adinath Kothare flaunts his hot beach bod and social media can't keep calm! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/adinath-kothare-flaunts-his-hot-beach-bod-and-social-media-cant-keep-calm/articleshow/70105047.cms |access-date=2025-03-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He appeared in ''[[The Times of India]]''<nowiki/>'s "Most Desirable Men of Maharashtra" list for four consecutive years, from 2017 to 2020, solidifying his status as a popular and influential personality.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-06 |title=Maharashtra's Most Desirable Men 2017 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/times-poll-2017/pune-times-most-desirable-men |access-date=2022-06-14 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-29 |title=Make way for Maharashtra's Most Desirable men of 2019 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/make-way-for-maharashtras-most-desirable-men-of-2019/articleshow/74402558.cms |access-date=2022-06-14 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-03 |title=Make Way For The Most Desirable Men Of Maharashtra 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/make-way-for-the-most-desirable-men-of-maharashtra/etphotostory/83193350.cms |access-date=2022-06-14 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In 2022, he walked as the showstopper for Shruti Mangaaysh at Pune Times Fashion Week, sharing the runway with [[Amruta Khanvilkar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pune Times Fashion Week 2022: Day 3 - Shruti Mangaaysh |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/fashion/indian-shows/pune-times-fashion-week-2022-day-3-shruti-mangaaysh/articleshow/90628619.cms |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=photogallery.indiatimes.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Production ===<br />
In 2008, Mahesh Kothare and Adinath Kothare established their production company, [[Kothare Vision|Kothare & Kothare Vision]], now known as Kothare Vision Pvt. Ltd. Their first production under this banner was the film ''[[Full 3 Dhamaal]].''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full 3 Dhamaal |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/full-3-dhamaal/cast/2000308153/ |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en}}</ref> Before this, Mahesh Kothare had successfully produced films under the banner Jenma Films International, many of which he also directed, with some being distributed by Adinath Films Distributors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhumdhadaka (1985) |url=https://indiancine.ma/ZQF/info |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> Kothare Vision later expanded into television production, beginning with the Marathi daily soap ''[[Man Udhan Varyache]]'' for [[Star Pravah]]. Their mythological series ''[[Jai Malhar]]'' for [[Zee Marathi]] became a milestone, breaking several TRP records.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=कोठारे व्हिजन्सचा पौराणिक मालिकांकडेच कल का? आदिनाथनेच सांगितलं नेमकं कारण |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/adinath-kothare-share-why-kothare-vision-makes-mythological-serials-more-than-others/articleshow/103544508.cms |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-12-21 |title=Adinath's cheerful selfie for Jai Malhar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/adinaths-cheerful-selfie-for-jai-malhar/articleshow/45374049.cms |access-date=2025-03-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The production house continued to back successful mythological shows, including ''[[Vithu Mauli]]'' (2017–2020) and ''Ude Ga Ambe'' (2024). Among their other successful productions, the fantasy drama ''[[Sukh Mhanje Nakki Kay Asta!]]'' became one of the longest-running shows on the channel.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-23 |title=१२६१ भाग, ४ वर्षांचा प्रवास; 'स्टार प्रवाह'ची 'ही' लोकप्रिय मालिका संपली! सेटवर 'असं' पार पडलं सेलिब्रेशन, कलाकार झाले भावुक |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/star-pravah-sukh-mhanje-nakki-kay-asta-serial-off-air-last-celebration-on-the-set-video-viral-softnews-sva-00-4784245/ |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Kothare met actress [[Urmilla Kothare|Urmila Kanetkar]] in the mid-2010s when she visited his home to meet his father, who was set to direct the Marathi film ''Shubhamangal Savdhan'' and wanted her to make her debut in the industry.<ref>{{Cite web |last=author/online-lokmat |date=2022-05-04 |title=उर्मिला कानेटकर-कोठारे आणि आदिनाथ कोठारेची हटके 'प्यारवाली लव्हस्टोरी'!, जाणून घ्या याबद्दल |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/urmila-kanetkar-kothare-and-adinath-kothares-loving-love-story-learn-about-it-a603/ |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref> He was working as an assistant director on the film when they started dating.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Story about Marriage of Urmilla and Adinath Kothare |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-MB-story-about-marriage-of-urmila-and-adinath-kothare-5668039-PHO.html }}</ref> After a few years of dating, they got married in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-13 |title=पहिल्याच भेटीत आदिनाथ पडला होता उर्मिलाच्या प्रेमात... वाचा काय आहे स्टोरी |url=https://www.mensxp.com/marathi/entertainment/marathi-movies/96251-adinath-kothare-biography-in-marathi.html |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=MensXP |language=mr-IN}}</ref> In January 2018, the couple welcomed their daughter, Jiza Kothare.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-03-19 |title=Here's what Urmila and Adinath have named their newborn daughter |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/heres-what-urmila-and-adinath-have-named-their-newborn-daughter/articleshow/63367844.cms |access-date=2025-03-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=आदिनाथ-उर्मिलाच्या बाळाचं आहे 'हे' नाव! |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/photogallery/entertainment/naming-ceremony-of-actor-adinath-kothare-and-actress-urmila-kothare/photoshow/msid-63365811,picid-63365844.cms |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> Their married life has frequently caught media attention, with fans and tabloids following their journey; with speculations surrounding their separation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marathi |first=TV9 |date=2023-03-12 |title=Urmila Kothare {{!}} .. तर दुसरं प्रेम शोधायचं ; घटस्फोटाच्या चर्चांदरम्यान उर्मिला कोठारेचं वक्तव्य चर्चेत |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/entertainment/urmila-kothare-talks-about-love-amid-divorce-rumours-with-husband-adinath-kothare-au163-888704.html |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-14 |title=उर्मिला-आदिनाथमध्ये खरंच बिनसलंय? अभिनेत्याने स्वतः केला खुलासा |url=https://lokmat.news18.com/entertainment/marathi-actor-adinath-kothare-react-on-wife-urmila-kanitkar-and-his-bond-mhad-702499.html |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=News18 लोकमत |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-04 |title=Trouble in Addinath and Urmila Kothare's paradise? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/trouble-in-addinath-and-urmila-kothares-paradise/articleshow/91319544.cms |access-date=2025-03-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
===Films===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
<br />
! Year <br />
! Title !! Role<br />
!Language!! Actor <br />
!Director!! Producer !! Assistant director <br />
!Notes<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 1994 <br />
| ''[[Majha Chakula]]'' || Adinath (Chakula)<br />
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]|| {{Yes}} <br />
| {{No}}|| {{No}}|| {{No}}<br />
|Child actor<br />
|<ref name=":2" /><br />
|-<br />
| 2003 <br />
| ''[[Chimani Pakhar]]'' ||<br />
| Marathi|| {{No}}<br />
| {{No}}|| {{No}}|| {{Yes}}<br />
|<br />
|{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2004 <br />
| ''[[Pachadlela]]'' ||<br />
| Marathi|| {{No}}<br />
| {{No}}|| {{No}}|| {{Yes}}<br />
|<br />
|{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2006 <br />
| ''[[Khabardar (film)|Khabardar]]'' ||<br />
| Marathi|| {{No}}<br />
| {{No}}|| {{No}}|| {{Yes}}<br />
|<br />
|{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2008 <br />
| ''[[Full 3 Dhamaal]]'' ||<br />
| Marathi|| {{No}}<br />
| {{No}}|| {{yes}} || {{No}}<br />
|<br />
|{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2010 <br />
| ''Ved Lavi Jeeva'' || Jagdish (Jaggu)<br />
| Marathi|| {{yes}} <br />
| {{No}}|| {{No}}|| {{No}}<br />
|<br />
|{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2011 <br />
| ''Stand By'' || Rahul Narvekar<br />
| Marathi|| {{yes}} <br />
| {{No}}|| {{No}}|| {{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-08 |title=Standby |url=https://www.koimoi.com/movie/standby/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Koimoi |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''Dubhang'' || Rohan Jadhav<br />
| Marathi|| {{yes}} <br />
| {{No}}|| {{No}}|| {{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref name=":3" /><br />
|-<br />
| 2012 <br />
| ''Satrangi Re'' || Rego <br />
| Marathi|| {{yes}} <br />
| {{No}}|| {{No}}|| {{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Editorial |first=M. M. W. |date=2015-01-01 |title=Satrangi Re |url=https://marathimovieworld.com/moviedetail/satrangi-re.php |access-date=2025-03-14 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2013 <br />
| ''[[Zapatlela 2]]'' || [[Zapatlela (film series)#Aditya Bolke|Aditya Bolke]]<br />
| Marathi|| {{yes}} <br />
| {{No}}|| {{yes}} || {{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-24 |title=Fun has three dimensions now! {{!}} Sakal Times |url=http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=4829844957560003148 |access-date=2025-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924093719/http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=4829844957560003148 |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''Rewind''<br />
|Anurag <br />
|[[Hindi]]<br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{no}} <br />
| {{no}} <br />
| {{no}} <br />
| Short film<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=Mere Dad Ki Maruti writer directs Adinath-Sonalee |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/mere-dad-ki-maruti-zapatlela-2-adinath-kothare-sonalee-rewind-neeraj-udhwani-dil-toh-bachcha-hai-ji-mumbai-unbreakable/articleshow/35014773.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" | 2014 <br />
| ''[[Hello Nandan]]'' || Nandan<br />
| Marathi|| {{yes}} <br />
| {{No}}|| {{No}}|| {{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='हॅलो नंदन'घालणार तरुणाईला भुरळ |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/hallo-nandan-film-marathi/articleshow/31614574.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Anvatt]]''|| Dr. Vinay<br />
| Marathi|| {{yes}} <br />
| {{No}}|| {{No}}|| {{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-25 |title=Expect the unexpected |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/expect-the-unexpected/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ishq Wala Love]]''|| Ajinkya<br />
| Marathi|| {{yes}} <br />
| {{No}}|| {{No}}|| {{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-12 |title=Trailer launch of Ishq Wala Love |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/trailer-launch-of-ishq-wala-love/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Premasathi Coming Suun]]''|| Aditya <br />
| Marathi|| {{yes}} <br />
| {{No}}|| {{No}}|| {{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=Romancing Adinath was not difficult at all: Neha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/romancing-adinath-was-not-difficult-at-all-neha/articleshow/45248626.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''The Judgement Day''<br />
|Rohit Muzumdar<br />
|Marathi<br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{no}} <br />
| {{no}} <br />
| {{no}} <br />
|Short film<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Avatarachi Goshta]]''|| Amod<br />
| Marathi|| {{yes}} <br />
| {{No}}|| {{No}}|| {{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Avatarchi Goshta: Song launch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/marathi/avatarchi-goshta-song-launch/videoshow/45523472.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2015 <br />
| ''[[Sata Lota Pan Sagla Khota]]''|| Jayvardhan<br />
| Marathi|| {{yes}} <br />
| {{No}}|| {{No}}|| {{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref name=":4" /><br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Nilkanth Master]]''|| Vyankatesh<br />
| Marathi|| {{yes}} <br />
| {{No}}|| {{No}}|| {{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-21 |title='Nilkanth Master' to release on August 7 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/nilkanth-master-to-release-on-august-7/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2018<br />
|''[[Take Care Good Night]]''<br />
|Gautam<br />
|Marathi<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=TC.GN Take Care Good Night - Official Trailer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/marathi/tcgn-take-care-good-night-official-trailer/videoshow/65719857.cms |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''Perspective''<br />
|<br />
| -<br />
|{{yes}}<br />
|{{yes}}<br />
|{{yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|Short film<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2019<br />
|''[[15 August (2019 film)|15th August]]''<br />
|Amit Inamdar <br />
|Marathi<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-28 |title=15 August review: This Netflix film is a timely, eccentric exploration of the meaning of 'freedom' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/15-august-review-this-netflix-film-is-a-timely-eccentric-exploration-of-the-meaning-of-freedom-6344931.html |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Paani (film)|Paani]]''<br />
|Hanumant Kendre<br />
|Marathi<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|Also lyricist <br />
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Paani Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} पाणी {{!}} Exclusive 2024 - Rang Marathi |url=https://rangmarathi.com/paani-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=20 August 2024 |date=20 August 2024}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|''Shevanti'' <br />
|Rohan<br />
|Marathi<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|Short film<br />
|<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2020-06-30 |title=नात्यातील गुंता हळुवारपणे सोडवणारी 'शेवंती' |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/deepti-devi-and-addinath-kothare-starrer-romantic-shortfilm-shevanti/articleshow/76810638.cms |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|''[[83 (film)|83]]''||[[Dilip Vengsarkar]]<br />
| Hindi<br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{No}}<br />
| {{No}}<br />
| {{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=30 March 2019 |title=Adinath Kothare to portray Dilip Vengsarkar in Kabir Khan's 83 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/adinath-kothare-to-portray-dilip-vengsarkar-in-kabir-khan-83-5650031/ |access-date=2021-06-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|''[[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|Chandramukhi]]''<br />
|Daulat Deshmane<br />
|Marathi<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |date=2022-03-28 |title=EXCLUSIVE! Addinath Kothare as Daulat Deshmane in Chandramukhi |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/exclusive-addinath-kothare-as-daulat-deshmane-in-chandramukhi/articleshow/90225122.cms |access-date=2023-07-22 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|''[[Shastry Viruddh Shastry]]''<br />
|Jayesh Dave<br />
|Hindi<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-09 |title=Shastry Viruddh Shastry: Not Shiv Panditt but Shahid Kapoor & Ayushmann Khurrana were first choices for the film? |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/shastry-viruddh-shastry-not-shiv-panditt-but-shahid-kapoor-ayushmann-khurrana-were-first-choices-for-the-film-13367642.html |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2024<br />
|''[[Panchak]]''<br />
|Madhav Khot<br />
|Marathi<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-24 |title=Video: दसऱ्याच्या मुहूर्तावर माधुरी दीक्षितने केली तिच्या नव्या मराठी चित्रपटाची घोषणा, प्रदर्शनाची तारीख शेअर करत म्हणाली… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/actress-madhuri-dixit-and-her-husband-shriram-nene-announce-their-second-marathi-film-panchak-rnv-99-4007325/ |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Shaktiman (2024 film)|Shaktimaan]]''<br />
|Siddharth<br />
|Marathi<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|<br />
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Shaktimaan Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} Shaktiman Marathi Movie {{!}} शक्तिमान {{!}} Exclusive 2024 - Rang Marathi |url=https://rangmarathi.com/shaktimaan-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=16 May 2024 |date=15 May 2024}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|''[[Sant Dnyaneshwaranchi Muktai]]''<br />
|[[Namdev|Sant Namdev]]<br />
|Marathi<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Muktaai Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} Sant Dnyaneshwaranchi Muktaai {{!}} संत ज्ञानेश्वरांची मुक्ताई {{!}} Exclusive 2024 - Rang Marathi |url=https://rangmarathi.com/muktaai-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=22 June 2024 |date=30 January 2024}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2026<br />
|{{Pending film|Ramayana: Part 1}}<br />
|[[Bharata (Ramayana)|Bharata]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Popular Marathi actor Adinath Kothare is all set to feature in 'Ramayan' opposite Ranbir Kapoor as lord Ram's brother Bharat |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/popular-marathi-actor-adinath-kothare-is-all-set-to-feature-in-ramayan-opposite-ranbir-kapoor-as-lord-rams-brother-bharat-article-12542261.html/amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402150215/https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/popular-marathi-actor-adinath-kothare-is-all-set-to-feature-in-ramayan-opposite-ranbir-kapoor-as-lord-rams-brother-bharat-article-12542261.html/amp |archive-date=2 April 2024 |access-date=2025-02-03 |work=Moneycontrol }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|{{TableTBA}}<br />
|{{Pending film|Bena}}<br />
|{{TableTBA}}<br />
|Marathi<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-03 |title=आदिनाथ कोठारे नव्या भूमिकेतून लवकरच प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला; फोटो पोस्ट करत सांगितलं चित्रपटाचं नाव |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/adinath-kothare-has-announced-his-new-and-upcoming-film-bena-photo-share-on-instagram-rsj-99-4866866/ |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|{{TableTBA}}<br />
|{{Pending film|Zapatlela 3}}<br />
|{{TableTBA}}<br />
|Marathi<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-17 |title=Mahesh Kothare's directorial 'Zapatlela 3' announced with a new poster featuring Addinath Kothare |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/mahesh-kothares-directorial-zapatlela-3-announced-with-a-new-poster-featuring-addinath-kothare/articleshow/109381375.cms |access-date=2025-07-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Title<br />
!Role<br />
!Channel<br />
!Actor<br />
!Producer<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|2009–2011<br />
|''[[Man Udhan Varyache]]''<br />
|<br />
|[[Star Pravah]]<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|<ref name=":9" /><br />
|-<br />
|2011<br />
|''Anolkhi Disha''<br />
|<br />
|Star Pravah<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2014–2017<br />
|''[[Jai Malhar]]''<br />
|<br />
|[[Zee Marathi]]<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kothare celebrates his b'day with Jai Malhar team - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/mahesh-kothare-celebrates-his-bday-with-jai-malhar-team/articleshow/49137532.cms|access-date=2021-06-29|website=The Times of India|date=28 September 2015 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2015–2017<br />
|''[[Ganpati Bappa Morya]]''<br />
|<br />
|[[Colors Marathi]]<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|<ref name=":9" /><br />
|-<br />
|2016–2017<br />
|''[[100 Days (2016 TV series)|100 Days]]''<br />
|PSI Ajay Thakur<br />
|Zee Marathi<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fans praise Adinath Kothare for 100 Days - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/adinath-kothares-100-days-are-over/articleshow/57286814.cms|access-date=2021-06-29|website=The Times of India|date=22 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2017–2020<br />
|''[[Vithu Mauli]]''<br />
|<br />
|Star Pravah<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mahesh Kothare and Adinath Kothare is coming with new serial Vithu Mauli on Star Pravah|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/mahesh-kothare-is-coming-with-new-serial-vithu-mauli-on-star-pravah-1575141/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Loksatta}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|''Ek Hoti Rajkanya''<br />
|<br />
|[[Sony Marathi]]<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sony Marathi launches new show 'Ek Hoti Rajkanya'|url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/television/sony-marathi-launches-new-show-ek-hoti-rajkanya-kiran-dhane-as-avani-33619|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Mumbai Live|language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2019–2020<br />
|''Prem Poison Panga''<br />
|<br />
|[[Zee Yuva]]<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Adinath Kothare's as producer new serial Prem Poison Panga {{!}} Lokmat.com|url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/adinath-kothares-producer-new-serial-prem-poison-panga/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Lokmat|date=28 October 2019 |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2020–2024<br />
|''[[Sukh Mhanje Nakki Kay Asta]]!''<br />
|<br />
|Star Pravah<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=मेढे |first=जयदीप |date=2024-12-22 |title='सुख म्हणजे नक्की काय असतं' घेणार प्रेक्षकांचा निरोप;शुटींगच्या शेवटच्या दिवशी कलाकार भावुक |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/sukh-mhanje-nakki-kay-asta-star-pravah-marathi-serial-last-days-shooting-television-marathi-news-1334267 |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2020–2021<br />
|''Dakkhancha Raja Jotiba''<br />
|<br />
|Star Pravah<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Upcoming TV show Dakhhancha Raja Jyotiba to entertain Marathi audience soon - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/upcoming-tv-show-dakhhancha-raja-jyotiba-to-entertain-marathi-audience-soon/articleshow/77720740.cms|access-date=2021-06-29|website=The Times of India|date=24 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021–2022<br />
|''Aai Mayecha Kavach''<br />
|<br />
|Colors Marathi<br />
|{{no}}<br />
|{{yes}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-12-05 |title=Bhargavi Chirmuley to play the lead role in new show 'Aai - Mayecha Kavach' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/bhargavi-chirmuley-to-play-the-lead-role-in-new-show-aai-mayecha-kavach/articleshow/88102679.cms |access-date=2025-07-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|''[[Pahile Na Mi Tula]]''<br />
|<br />
|Zee Marathi<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|<ref>{{Citation|title='Pahile Na Me Tula' - 1 March 2021|url=https://www.facebook.com/addinathmkothare/videos/pahile-na-me-tula-1-march-2021/1393814784285988/|language=en|access-date=2021-06-29}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|''[[Criminal Justice: Adhura Sach]]''<br />
|Inspector Prashant Waghmare<br />
|[[Disney+ Hotstar]]<br />
|{{yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-17 |title=Criminal Justice: Pankaj Tripathi Returns As Madhav Mishra For New Season. Watch |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/criminal-justice-pankaj-tripathi-returns-as-madhav-mishra-for-new-season-watch-article-110201263 |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022–2024<br />
|''[[Pinkicha Vijay Aso!]]''<br />
|<br />
|Star Pravah<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=मेढे |first=जयदीप |date=2024-05-23 |title=नव्या मालिकेसाठी 'स्टार प्रवाह'वरील 'ही' मालिका घेणार प्रेक्षकांचा निरोप, शेवट कसा असणार? |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/marathi-serial-updates-marathi-serial-star-pravah-pinkicha-vijay-aso-goes-off-air-last-episode-telecast-on-26th-may-2024-1284323 |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|''[[City of Dreams (TV series)|City of Dreams]]''<br />
|Mahesh Arawle<br />
|Disney+ Hotstar<br />
|{{yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khatoon |first=F. |date=2021-08-26 |title=Actor-director Adinath Kothare, who shines in City of Dreams 2, is all set for '83 |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2021/Aug/26/national-award-winning-director-adinathkotharemakes-a-mark-in-city-of-dreams-2-gears-for-83-35305.html |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|''Bajao''<br />
| Omkar Gangwal (OG)<br />
|[[JioCinema]]<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|''Nexa Journeys Presents Konkan Diaries''<br />
|Host<br />
|[[Zee Zest]]<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-11 |title=PeepingMoon Exclusive: ‘Konkan Diaries is a non-fiction, unscripted show, everything is real, including my vlogs,’ says ’83 actor Addinath Kothare on his new series |url=https://www.peepingmoon.com/exclusive-news/news/68997/PeepingMoon-Exclusive-Konkan-Diaries-is-a-non-fiction-unscripted-show-everything-is-real-including-my-vlogs--says--actor-Addinath-Kothare-on-his-new-series.html |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=www.peepingmoon.com/ |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|''[[Manvat Murders]]''<br />
|<br />
|[[SonyLIV]] <br />
|{{no}}<br />
|{{yes}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Manvat Murders to premiere on Sony LIV in October |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/manvat-murders-to-premiere-on-sony-liv-in-october/cid/2045795 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250609163824/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/manvat-murders-to-premiere-on-sony-liv-in-october/cid/2045795 |archive-date=9 June 2025 |access-date=2025-07-12 |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|''[[Crime Beat]]''<br />
|ACP Mayank Sharma<br />
|[[ZEE5]]<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=2025-03-16 |title=Crime Beat's Adinath Kothare Opens Up About Struggling With Delhi Accent: Watched Kapil Sharma's Show - EXCL |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/crime-beat-adinath-kothare-opens-up-about-struggling-with-delhi-accent-watched-kapil-sharma-show-exclusive-article-119056356 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|''[[The Royals (2025 TV series)|The Royals]]''<br />
|Zubin Daruwala<br />
|[[Netflix]]<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|{{No}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Royals Review - Royal Misfire {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/web-series/the-royals-review-royal-misfire-73729.html |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|''Nasheebvan''<br />
|Rudrapratap<br />
|Star Pravah <br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|{{Yes}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=narayan |first=kimaya |date=2025-08-13 |title=स्टार प्रवाहवरील नशीबवान मालिका आहे 'या' गाजलेल्या सिरियलचा रिमेक ! असं असू शकतं कथानक |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/star-pravah-upcoming-nashibvan-serial-is-remake-of-popular-tamil-serial-nayagi-entertainment-news-kds07 |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=Mr}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Award<br />
!Category<br />
!Work<br />
!Result<br />
!Ref.<br />
|-<br />
|1995<br />
|[[Maharashtra State Film Awards]]<br />
|Best Child Artist<br />
|''[[Majha Chakula]]''<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<ref name=":1" /><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2011<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]<br />
|Best Male Debut<br />
| rowspan="2" |''Ved Laavi Jeeva''<br />
|{{Nom}}<br />
| rowspan="2" |<br />
|-<br />
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Actor|Best Actor]]<br />
|{{Nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2014<br />
|Maharashtra State Film Awards<br />
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[Avatarachi Goshta]]''<br />
|{{Nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Winners at the 51st Maharashtra State Awards|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/winners-at-the-51st-maharashtra-state-awards/photostory/40284322.cms|access-date=2021-06-29|website=The Times of India|date=29 August 2018 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar<br />
|Best Actor<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=PIX: 'झी गौरव पुरस्कार 2014'चा दिमाखदार सोहळा, सई-अंकुशच्या सूत्रसंचालनाने बहरला कार्यक्रम|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-zee-gaurav-awards-winners-2014-4556020-PHO.html|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Divya Marathi|language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[66th National Film Awards|2018]]<br />
|[[National Film Awards]]<br />
|[[National Film Award for Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation|Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation]]<br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[Paani (film)|Paani]]''<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=66th National Awards announced: Adinath Kothare's Paani wins best film for environment conversation - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/66th-national-awards-announced-adinath-kothares-paani-wins-best-film-for-environment-conversation/articleshow/70604970.cms |access-date=2021-06-29 |website=The Times of India |date=9 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|[[New York Indian Film Festival]]<br />
|Best Actor<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title='Paani': Addinath Kothare bags the Best Actor award at New York Indian Film Festival - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/paani-addinath-kothare-bags-the-best-actor-award-at-new-york-indian-film-festival/articleshow/69309183.cms|access-date=2021-06-29|website=The Times of India|date=13 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|Star Pravah Parivaar Puraskar<br />
|Special Mention (Series) <br />
|''Dakkhancha Raja Jotiba''<br />
|{{Won}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Star Pravah Parivaar Awards 2021 Winners List Out! - Filmibeat|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/amphtml/marathi-movies/news/star-pravah-parivaar-awards-2021-winners-list-out-aai-kuthe-kay-karte-mulgi-zali-ho-win-big-312123.html?amp_js_v=a6&amp_gsa=1&usqp=mq331AQKKAFQArABIIACAw==#aoh=16252594905534&referrer=https://www.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251$s&ampshare=https://www.filmibeat.com/marathi-movies/news/star-pravah-parivaar-awards-2021-winners-list-out-aai-kuthe-kay-karte-mulgi-zali-ho-win-big-312123.html|access-date=2021-07-02|website=| date=5 April 2021 }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|[[Fakt Marathi Cine Sanman]]<br />
|[[Fakt Marathi Cine Sanman for Best Actor in a Lead Role|Best Actor in a Lead Role]]<br />
| rowspan="4" |[[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|Chandramukhi]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=फक्त मराठी सन्मान: धर्मवीरची बाजी, चंद्रमुखीचा डंका.. |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/fakt-marathi-sanman-winner-dharmveer-and-chandramukhi-movie-nsa95 |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=eSakal - Marathi Newspaper |date=28 July 2022 |language=mr-IN}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[13th MFK Awards|2023]]<br />
|[[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]<br />
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Actor|Favourite Actor]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bodke |first=Chetan |title=Chandramukhi Marathi Movie: चंद्रमुखीच्या शिरपेचात आणखी एक मानाचा तुरा, 'या' पुरस्काराने कमवले नाव... |url=https://www.saamtv.com/entertainment/amruta-khanvilkar-won-best-actress-award-in-maharashtracha-favourite-kon-award-cb99 |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=Saam TV {{!}} साम टीव्ही |date=20 January 2023 |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[7th Filmfare Awards Marathi|2023]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Awards Marathi]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Marathi|Best Actor]]<br />
|{{Nom}}<br />
|<ref name=":6" /><br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|Navarashtra Planet Marathi Film & OTT Awards<br />
|Best Actor<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Navarashtra Planet Marathi Film & OTT Award' 2023 {{!}} नवराष्ट्र के साथ प्लैनेट मराठी का 'फिल्म एंड ओटीटी अवॉर्ड' का जगमगाता समारोह {{!}} Navabharat (नवभारत) |url=https://www.enavabharat.com/entertainment/planet-marathis-film-ott-awards-glittering-ceremony-with-navrashtra-734712/ |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=www.enavabharat.com}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2025<br />
| rowspan="4" |City Cine Awards<br />
|Best Film<br />
| rowspan="3" |''Paani''<br />
|{{won}}<br />
| rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marathi Cinema's Finest Honored: City Cine Awards Marathi 2024 Results |url=https://www.radiocity.in/ccamarathi |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Radiocity}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Best Director<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Actor<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Lyricist <br />
|''Paani'' <small>(Paani – Title track)</small><br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2025<br />
| rowspan="2" |Aaryans Sanman<br />
|Best Actor<br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[Shaktiman (2024 film)|Shaktimaan]]''<br />
|{{Nom}}<br />
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-25 |title='Aaryans Navdurga Sanman Award' and 'Aaryans Samman Film-Drama 2024' Nomination Ceremony announced! |url=https://www.cinebuster.in/aaryans-navdurga-sanman-award-and-aaryans-samman-film-drama-2024-nomination-ceremony-announced/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=CineBuster |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Best Male Playback Singer <br />
|{{Nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[25th Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar|2025]]<br />
| rowspan="6" |[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]<br />
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Film|Best Film]]<br />
| rowspan="15" |''Paani''<br />
|{{won}}<br />
| rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-08 |title='झी चित्र गौरव' पुरस्कारांमध्ये 'या' सिनेमाने मारली बाजी! सर्वोत्कृष्ट अभिनेता व अभिनेत्री ठरले...; वाचा विजेत्यांची संपूर्ण यादी... |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-chitra-gaurav-2025-winners-list-best-movie-is-paani-and-mahesh-manjrekar-won-best-actor-award-read-full-list-sva-00-4938781/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Director|Best Director]]<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Actor|Best Actor]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Story (with Nitin Dixit)<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Editor (with Mayur Hardas)<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" |2025<br />
| rowspan="4" |NDTV Marathi Entertainment Awards<br />
|Best Film<br />
|{{won}}<br />
| rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=NDTV Marathi ENT Awards 2025: एनडीटीव्ही मराठी पुरस्कार सोहळ्यात 'फुलवंती'ची बाजी! पाहा सर्व विजेत्यांची यादी.... |url=https://marathi.ndtv.com/entertainment/ndtv-marathi-entertainment-awards-2025-prajakta-mali-won-best-actress-award-look-at-all-winners-here-7786498 |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=marathi.ndtv.com |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Best Director<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Story (with Nitin Dixit)<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Editor (with Mayur Hardas)<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" |2025<br />
| rowspan="7" |MaTa Sanman<br />
|Best Film<br />
|{{won}}<br />
| rowspan="7" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=पाणी, इंद्रायणीचा 'मटा सन्मान'वर ठसा; वैदेही, समीर, शर्वरी सर्वोत्कृष्ट, विजेत्यांची संपूर्ण यादी |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/mata-sanmaan/news/mata-sanman-2025-winners-list-aadinath-kothare-vaidehi-parshurami-sharvari-jog-sameer-paranjape-won-best-actor-awards/articleshow/118915210.cms |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|Best Director<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Actor<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Lyricist<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Editor (with Mayur Hardas)<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Show<br />
|''[[Savalyachi Janu Savali]]''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Web Series <br />
|''[[Manvat Murders]]''<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" |[[9th Filmfare Awards Marathi|2025]]<br />
| rowspan="7" |[[Filmfare Awards Marathi]]<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Marathi|Best Film]]<br />
| rowspan="7" |''Paani''<br />
|{{won}}<br />
| rowspan="7" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-10 |title=Filmfare Awards Marathi 2025: Paani Wins Best Film, Addinath Kothare Lifts Best Director Trophy At Mega Event |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/filmfare-awards-marathi-2025-paani-wins-best-film-addinath-kothare-lifts-best-director-trophy-at-mega-event-article-152259262 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Naik |first=Payal |date=2025-07-07 |title=१०व्या मराठी फिल्मफेअर पुरस्कार नामांकनांची यादी जाहीर; कोण ठरणार सर्वोत्कृष्ट? 'या' चित्रपटांमध्ये चुरस |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/10th-marathi-filmfare-awards-nominations-announced-who-will-be-best-intense-competition-among-these-films-psn14 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=Mr}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film – Marathi|Best Film Critics]] <br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Marathi|Best Director]]<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Debut Director – Marathi|Best Director Debut]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|Best Actor<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Marathi|Best Actor Critics]]<br />
|{{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Editing – Marathi|Best Editing]] (with Mayur Hardas)<br />
|{{won}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of Marathi film actors]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{commons}}<br />
<!-- Per [[WP:ELMINOFFICIAL]], choose one official website only --><br />
* {{Facebook|addinathmkothare}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|11239672}}<br />
<br />
{{Portal bar|Biography|India|Film}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kothare, Adinath}}<br />
[[Category:1984 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi television]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Film directors from Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Film producers from Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:Marathi film producers]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Filmfare Awards Marathi winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Child Artist National Film Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Directors who won the Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation National Film Award]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male child actors]]<br />
[[Category:Producers who won the Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation National Film Award]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dharti_Pakar&diff=496780Dharti Pakar2026-02-18T05:58:03Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: Started a stub</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Pseudonym of various Indian perennial candidates}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
'''Dharti Pakar''' (also spelt Dharti Pakad; transcribed as Dhartipakar and Dhartipakad as well) (etymology: ''Dharti'' = Earth; ''Pakar'' = Grasp: "One who clings on") is the nickname of at least three [[perennial candidate]]s in India who contested unsuccessfully in several elections against top political leaders.<br />
<br />
A [[satirical]] television show looking at the electoral politics was named ''Dharti Pakar'' after a man named [[Joginder Singh (politician)|Joginder Singh]], whose nickname was Dharti Pakar. Mohan Lal, a cloth merchant from [[Bhopal]], also had the nickname of Dharti Pakar for contesting elections against five different Prime Ministers and losing the deposit in all these elections.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/full.asp?fodname=20070507&fname=Cover+Story+%28F%29&sid=1&pn=2 |title=The Miracle That Is India |publisher=Outlookindia.com |accessdate=2012-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070505231300/http://www.outlookindia.com/full.asp?fodname=20070507 |archive-date=5 May 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nagarmal Bajoria is also known by the nickname of Dharti Pakar;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040328/nation.htm |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Nation |publisher=Tribuneindia.com |accessdate=2012-02-18}}</ref> he contested from over 278 constituencies and used donkeys for campaigning in an election.<ref>[http://in.news.yahoo.com/050210/43/2jis5.html ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050913005959/http://in.news.yahoo.com/050210/43/2jis5.html |date=13 September 2005 }}</ref> There are others who have contested several elections (see [https://archive.today/20130125081728/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Guwahati/Lost-81-times-ready-to-take-on-PM/Article1-221372.aspx this] for example) unsuccessfully, but not necessarily known by the [[sobriquet]].<br />
<br />
Dharti Pakar is also a popular nickname in office politics referring to individuals who have no case for meaningful existence in the prevailing environment.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311074451/http://www.newswatch.in/?p=323]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Indian television series]]<br />
[[Category:Nicknames of politicians]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-tv-stub}}<br />
{{India-politician-stub}}</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajyotsava_Awards_(2022)&diff=528844Rajyotsava Awards (2022)2026-01-30T12:46:06Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: Adding info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Awards given by the government of Karnataka, India}}<br />
{{no footnotes|date=December 2022}}<br />
[[Rajyotsava_Prashasti|Rajyotsava Awards]] are awarded every year on November 1, the eve of [[Karnataka Rajyotsava]], the day [[Karnataka]] State was formed.<br />
<br />
Below are the dignitaries, who were awarded the same for the year 2022.<br />
<br />
==Sankeerna (Complex) Category==<br />
<br />
[[File:K. Sivan.jpg|upright|thumbnail|Dr. K. Sivan, ISRO]]<br />
[[File:HGDattatreya.jpg|upright|thumbnail|H.G. Dattatreya]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Avinash (Indian actor).jpg|upright|thumbnail|Avinash Yelandur]]<br />
Achievers whose contribution is in more than 1 field are awarded under <br />
# Subbarama Shetty (Bangalore)<br />
# Vidwan Gopal Krishna Sharma (Bangalore),<br />
# Mrs. Soligara Madamma (Chamarajanagar)<br />
<br />
==Military Service/Soldiers==<br />
# Subedar BK Kumaraswamy (Bangalore)<br />
<br />
==Journalism==<br />
# H.R. Srisha (Bangalore),<br />
# GM Shirahatti (Gadag)<br />
<br />
==Agriculture==<br />
# Ganesh Thimmaiah (Kodagu),<br />
# Chandrasekhar Narayanpur (Chikkamagaluru)<br />
<br />
==Science and Technology==<br />
# [[K. Sivan]] (Bangalore)<br />
# D.R.Baluragi (Raichur)<br />
<br />
==Environment==<br />
# Salumada Ninganna (Ramanagar)<br />
<br />
==Civil Service==<br />
# Mallamma Hoovina Hadagali, pourakarmika personnel (Vijayanagar)<br />
<br />
==Administration==<br />
#L.H. Manjunath (Shivamogga),<br />
# Madan Gopal IAS (Retd) (Bangalore)<br />
<br />
==NRK/Abroad==<br />
#Devidas Shetty (Mumbai),<br />
# Arvind Patil (Overseas),<br />
# Krishnamurthy Manja (Telangana)<br />
# Rajkumar of Gulf Country (Gulf Nation)<br />
<br />
==Medical==<br />
# Dr. H. S. Mohan (Shivamogga)<br />
# Dr. Basavanthappa (Davanagere)<br />
<br />
==Social service==<br />
# Ravishetti (South Kannada)<br />
# Kariappa (Bangalore Rural)<br />
# MS KoriShetter (Haveri)<br />
# D. Madegowda (Mysore)<br />
# Balbir Singh (Bidar)<br />
<br />
==Media Brroadcasting==<br />
# BV Naidu (Bangalore)<br />
# Jayaram Banan (Udupi)<br />
# Srinivas (Kolar)<br />
<br />
==Theatre==<br />
#Tippanna Helavar (Yadagiri)<br />
# Lalitabai Channadasar (Vijaypur)<br />
# Gurunath Hoogar (Kalaburgi)<br />
# Prabhakar Joshi (Udupi)<br />
# Srishaila Huddar (Haveri)<br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
# Narayan.M (South Kannada)<br />
# Anantacharya Balacharya (Dharwad)<br />
# Anjinappa Satpadi (Chikkaballapur)<br />
# Ananta Kulkarni (Bagalakot)<br />
<br />
==Folklore==<br />
# Samadevappa Erappa Nadiger (Northern Kannada)<br />
# Gudda Panara-Divine Dancer (Udupi)<br />
# Kamalamma Midwife (Raichur)<br />
# Savitri Pujar (Dharwad)<br />
# Rachaiah Salimath (Balakote),<br />
# Mahadeshwar Gowda Lingadahalli, Veeragase (Haveri)<br />
<br />
==Sculpture==<br />
# Parushuram Pawar (Bagalakot),<br />
# Hanumanthappa Balappa Hukkeri (Belagavi)<br />
<br />
==Painting/Fine Arts==<br />
# Sannarangappa Chitrakar-Kinna's Art (Koppal)<br />
<br />
==Movie==<br />
# Wing Commander H G Dattatreya popularly known as [[H._G._Dattatreya|Dattanna]] (Chitradurga)<br />
# [[Avinash Yelandur]] (Bangalore)<br />
<br />
==Television==<br />
# [[Sihi Kahi Chandru]] (Bangalore)<br />
<br />
==Yakshagana==<br />
# MA Naik (Udupi)<br />
# Subrahmanya Dhareshwar (Uttar Kannada)<br />
# Sarapadi Ashok Shetty (South Kannada)<br />
<br />
==Open==<br />
# Advaiah Cha Hiremath-Doddata (Dharwad)<br />
# Shankarappa Mallappa Horpet (Koppal)<br />
# H. Pandurangappa (Bellary)<br />
<br />
==Literature==<br />
# Shankar Buchadi (Belagavi)<br />
# Krishna Gowda (Mysore)<br />
# Ashoka Babu Nilagarh (Belagavi)<br />
# A. Ra Mitra (Hassan)<br />
# Ramakrishna Marathe (Kalaburgi)<br />
<br />
==Education==<br />
# Koti Rangappa (Tumkur)<br />
# MG Nagaraj - Researcher (Bangalore)<br />
<br />
==Sports==<br />
# Dattatreya Govinda Kulkarni (Dharwad)<br />
# Raghavendra Anvekar (Belagavi) - Para swimmer.<br />
<br />
==Judiciary==<br />
# Venkatachalapathy (Bangalore)<br />
# Nanjundereddy (Bangalore)<br />
<br />
==Dance==<br />
# Kamalaksha Acharya (South Kannada)<br />
<br />
Amrita Mahotsava Rajyotsava Award of Independence-2022<br />
# Ramakrishna Ashram (Mysore)<br />
# Lingayat Progressive Organization (Gadag)<br />
# Agadi Tota (Haveri)<br />
# Thalassemia and Haemophilia Society (Bagalakote)<br />
# Amrita Shishu Niwas (Bangalore)<br />
# Sumana Foundation (Bangalore)<br />
# Yuva Vahini Organization (South Kannada)<br />
# Nele Foundation-Orphan Rehabilitation Center (Bangalore)<br />
# Nammane Summane - Refugee Ashram (Mangalmukhi Institute (Bangalore)<br />
# Uma Maheshwari Backward Classes Development Trust (MANDYA)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
*https://web.archive.org/web/20221209105656/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2022/oct/31/karnataka-sivan-dattanna-among-67-to-receive-rajyotsava-awards-2513334.html<br />
*https://web.archive.org/web/20220000000000*/https://english.sakshi.com/news/national/kannada-rajyotsava-award-2022-winners-list-163876<br />
<br />
{{Karnataka topics}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rajyotsava Award|*]]<br />
[[Category:Awards established in 1966]]<br />
[[Category:1966 establishments in Mysore State]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rawal_(caste)&diff=465010Rawal (caste)2025-12-31T06:14:38Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: expand layout per standard format</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Community in Rajasthan and Gujarat}}<br />
'''Rawal''' is an Indian community from [[Rajasthan]] and [[Gujarat]]. They are known as [[Priest|priests]] of [[devi]] temples and perform a form of dance known as Rammat during the worship. They were well respected and patronised by the [[Charan]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kothiyal|first=Tanuja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IQS-DAAAQBAJ|title=Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian Desert|date=2016-03-14|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-316-67389-8|language=en|quote=Another client caste of the Charans were the Bhands, who sang and danced for the Charans on festive occasions. Their particular form of dance is still popular and called rammat.}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Mathur|first=Madan Mohan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yjVNAQAAIAAJ|title=Kuchamaṇi Khyal: An Endangered Folk Theatre Style of Rajasthan|date=2006|publisher=Madan Mohan Mathur|language=en|quote=Rawals are the caste genealogists of the Charans . They claim to have been converted from the Brahmins in about 1195 A.D.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Qanungo|first1=Kalika Ranjan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F149AAAAMAAJ|title=Studies in Rajput History|last2=Kānūnago|first2=Kālikā Rañjana|date=1960|publisher=S. Chand|language=en|quote=There are seven categories of persons and communities, who in their turn have a hereditary claim on the Charan’s bounty, and are not allowed to beg of any other community. Besides their kula-guru family of Brahmans living in Ujjain till today, and the purohit (family priest), these are: the Rao Bhat of Chandisa sept of Marwar (who are the Bhats of the Charans as of the Rathors of Marwar); the Rawal Brahmans, the Goind-pota and the Viram-pota (Bhats singing with dhol?) and the Motisar community}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Origin ==<br />
The Rawals claim to be converted from [[Brahmin]]s around the 12th century.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
{{when|date=February 2022}} Rawals would wander from village to village to present night-long Rammat performances in the temples.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Rajasthan|first1=India Superintendent of Census Operations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SStXAAAAMAAJ|title=Ethnographic Atlas of Rajasthan: With Reference to Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes|last2=Mathur|first2=U. B.|date=1969|publisher=Manager of Publications|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Vidyarthi|first1=Lalita Prasad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CaIiAAAAMAAJ|title=Applied Anthropology and Development in India|last2=Sahay|first2=B. N.|date=1980|publisher=National|language=en|quote=The Rawals provide entertainment particularly for the people of Charan caste by arranging night long shows.}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Rammat of Rawal ==<br />
Rawals are known for their performances called ''Rammat'', which are [[Devotional prayer|devotional]] in nature dedicated to their [[Patronage|patron]] [[goddess]]. It begins with a prayer to the goddess after which the performing [[arena]] is marked with a [[sword]]. This Rammat [[tradition]] is thought to be ‘almost extinct’ in modern times.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
Mahendra Bhanawat in the study of folk theatre traditions of Rajasthan, states about the origin of Ramat:<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Bhanawat|first=Mahendra|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.18326|title=Overview of the folk theatre of Rajasthan|date=1979|publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi, New Delhi}}</ref><blockquote>“Rawals of [[Rajasthan]] who visit their distinguished clients ([[Charan]] [[Yajamana|Yajamans]]) for gifts (virats) would impersonate in various [[disguise]]s (Swangs) and perform various acts of [[entertainment]]s-called Ramats. I was told on [[Inquiry|enquiry]] that the Rawals, in earlier times, would impersonate the goddesses they worshipped during [[Navaratri|Navaratras]] and would sing [[devotional song]]s ([[Chirja|Charjayen]]) to the accompaniment of [[Mridangam|mridanga]], [[Taal (instrument)|taal]] and rawaj etc. With the passage of time, they started playing kheras in front of Charans also and presented different impersonations(swangs). For a Khera performance, a boy would dress up like the goddess and another boy in his female garb would present various Charjas throughout the night laced with songs, [[dance]] and [[drum]]s. These devotional performances came to be known as Ramats.”<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z52fAAAAMAAJ |title=Sangeet Natak |date=1979 |publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref></blockquote><br />
<br />
== Genealogists ==<br />
Rawals are one of the [[caste]]s who acted as [[Genealogy|genealogists]] for the [[Charan]]s.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Jansen|first1=Jan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UJEyHSUy8GMC|title=Epic Adventures: Heroic Narrative in the Oral Performance Traditions of Four Continents|last2=Maier|first2=Hendrik M. J.|date=2004|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|isbn=978-3-8258-6758-4|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Modern occupations ==<br />
Presently, Rawals are mainly engaged in [[Agriculture|cultivation]] and in the [[weaving]] of coarse [[cotton]] cloth and tapes.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
== Population ==<br />
According to the [[1961 Census of India|1961 Census]], the Rawal population in Rajasthan was approximately 4,500.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
<br />
# [https://books.google.com/books?id=L8pWAAAAMAAJ Rājasthāna ke Rāvala By Devilal Samar · 1967]<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
*[[Motisar (caste)|Motisar]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --><br />
{{reflist}}{{Social groups of Rajasthan}}{{Social groups of Gujarat}}<br />
[[Category:Indian castes]]<br />
[[Category:Charan]]<br />
[[Category:Social groups of Gujarat]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manjunath_Nagar_metro_station&diff=516134Manjunath Nagar metro station2025-12-24T21:59:01Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: new new stub v1</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Namma Metro's Green Line metro station}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox station<br />
| name = Manjunath Nagar<br />
| type = {{Namma Metro Infobox station line|line=Green}}<br />
| style = Namma Metro<br />
| image = Manjunatha Nagara metro station (Feb '25).jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| image_caption = Station Board as of February 2025<br />
| address = Tumkur Road, Manjunath Nagar, Bagalkunte, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560073<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|13.0501368|77.4944134|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}<br />
| line = {{rcb|Namma Metro|Green|croute}}<br />
| other = <br />
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]<br />
| platform = [[Side platform]]<br><br />
Platform-1 → {{stl|Namma Metro|Madavara}}<br>Platform-2 → {{stl|Namma Metro|Silk Institute}}<br />
| depth = <br />
| levels = 2<br />
| tracks = 2<br />
| parking = '''''(TBC)'''''<br />
| bicycle = <br />
| baggage_check = <br />
| opened = {{start date and age|7 November 2024|df=yes}}<br />
| opening = <br />
| closed = <br />
| rebuilt = <br />
| electrified = 750 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[third rail]]<br />
| accessible = '''''(TBC)'''''<br />
| status = Operational & Staffed<br />
| code = MNJN<br />
| owned = [[Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd]] (BMRCL)<br />
| operator = [[Namma Metro]]<br />
| architect = Simplex Infrastructure<br />
| architectural_style = <br />
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}}<br />
<br />
'''Manjunath Nagar''' is an elevated metro station on the North-South corridor of the [[Green Line (Namma Metro)|Green Line]] of [[Namma Metro]] in [[Bengaluru]], India. Around this metro station holds the main '''Bengaluru-Nelamangala Expressway''' (NH-75) leading towards the suburb of [[Nelamangala]] in [[Karnataka]]. <br />
<br />
The '''Madavara - Nagasandra''' stretch trial run was conducted on August 6 2024<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ghoshal |first=Sudeshna |date=August 6, 2024 |title=Bengaluru metro update: New trains on Green line for THESE stations in Bangalore; trial run today |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/bengaluru-metro-update-new-trains-on-green-line-for-these-stations-in-bangalore-trial-run-today-11722916704593.html |access-date=August 7, 2024 |newspaper=Mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Sridhar Vivan |date=August 5, 2024 |title=Green line trial runs kick off in August |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/green-line-trial-runs-kick-off-in-august/articleshow/112274026.cms |access-date=2024-08-07 |newspaper=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref> and with approval from Commissioner of Metro Railway Safety (CMRS) received on October 4, the section finally opened to public on 7 November 2024, with the formal inauguration to be done at a later stage. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Day before public launch, DK Shivakumar takes metro ride to Madavara |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/day-before-public-launch-dk-shivakumar-takes-metro-ride-to-madavara-3265346 |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-06 |title=After 7 years, extended Green Line opens today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/bengalurus-green-line-extended-new-metro-opens-after-7-years/articleshow/115027816.cms |access-date=2024-11-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-06 |title=Extended Metro green line from Nagasandra to Madavara inaugurated - Public TV English |url=https://english.publictv.in/extended-metro-green-line-from-nagasandra-to-madavara-inaugurated/ |access-date=2024-11-07 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-05 |title=Extended Namma Metro Green Line operation launch likely on November 6 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/namma-metro-green-line-extended-operations-set-to-launch-on-november-6/articleshow/114990458.cms |access-date=2024-11-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengaluru Metro's Green Line extension set to open on Nov 7 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/bengaluru-metros-green-line-extension-set-to-open-on-nov-7-3263488 |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Station layout ==<br />
{{stack|{{Routemap<br />
| title = Manjunath Nagar track layout<br />
| title color = white<br />
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Green}}<br />
| legend = track<br />
| collapsible = no<br />
| map = vCONTgfa<br />
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Namma Metro|Chikkabidarakallu}}<br />
*'''P1'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P2'''<br />
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Namma Metro|Nagasandra}}<br />
vCONTgfe<br />
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div><br />
}}}}<br />
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=30 valign=top|'''G'''<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85 valign=top|Street level<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance<br />
|-<br />
|valign=top|'''L1'''<br />
|valign=top|Mezzanine<br />
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover<br><br />
|-<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''<br />
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|<small>[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}</small><br />
|-<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|<span style=color:#{{rail color|Namma Metro|Green}}>'''Platform 2'''<br>'''Southbound'''</span><br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|Towards → {{stl|Namma Metro|Silk Institute}}<br><small>'''Next Station:''' {{stl|Namma Metro|Nagasandra}}</small><br />
|-<br />
|<span style=color:#{{rail color|Namma Metro|Green}}>'''Platform 1'''<br>'''Northbound'''</span> <br />
|Towards ← {{stl|Namma Metro|Madavara}}<br><small>'''Next Station:''' {{stl|Namma Metro|Chikkabidarakallu}}</small><br />
|-<br />
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" colspan=2 align=center|<small>[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}</small><br />
|-<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|<br />
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Bengaluru]]<br />
*[[List of Namma Metro stations]]<br />
*[[Transport in Karnataka]]<br />
*[[List of metro systems]]<br />
*[[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]<br />
{{Clear}}<br />
{{Portal bar|Bengaluru|Transport|Engineering}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons|Namma Metro}}<br />
{{Wikivoyage|Bengaluru}}<br />
* [https://english.bmrc.co.in Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (Official site)] <br />
* [http://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.<br />
<br />
{{Namma Metro|green line=yes}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Namma Metro stations]]<br />
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2024]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alasa_Kanya&diff=485440Alasa Kanya2025-12-08T16:23:46Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: put up the article needs work!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Female sculptural form on Indian temples}}<br />
<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}<br />
[[File:Bhuvanesvar 3004.jpg|thumb|Alasa kanya in a niche, in Vaital Deul temple, [[Bhubaneswar]], constructed in 8th century.]]'''Alasa Kanya''' ({{Langx|sa|अलसकन्या|translit=Alasakanyā}}) is a form of [[Surasundari]] in [[Indian iconography]], which portrays an indolent female or maiden.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Bawa |first=Seema |title=From Aditi /Laksmi to Dugdhadharini: A Gendered Analysis of Iconography in Post Mauryan Art |date=2002 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44158081 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=63 |pages=121–137 |jstor=44158081 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bowie |first1=Theodore Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z6JNAAAAYAAJ |title=Ancient Indian Sculpture and Painting |last2=Art |first2=Indiana University Museum of |date=1965 |publisher=Indiana University Art Museum |language=en}}</ref> There are several forms and representation of this imagery, observed mainly in temple architecture from medieval period in the form of sculptures. It is believed these female representations are a dedication to [[Devi]] and her characteristics. Several such forms adorn the temples of [[Odisha]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-07-27 |title=Secular Female Imagery in Orissan Temple Architecture: the Case of Alasa Kanyas |url=https://chitrolekha.com/v4n206/ |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=The Chitrolekha Journal on Art and Design |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== History and origin ==<br />
[[File:Bhuvanesvar016.jpg|thumb|Alasa Kanya in Raja Rani Temple, Bhubaneswar]]<br />
[[File:Bhuvanesvar2024.jpg|thumb|Shukasarika form of alasa kanaya with a parrot in Vaital Deul, temple, Bhubaneswar.]]<br />
[[File:Bhuvanesvar011.jpg|thumb|[[Rajarani Temple|Rajarani]] temple, Bhubaneshwar, from 11th century depicting an alasa kanya. ]]<br />
Dominantly there are three types of female imagery in Hindu temple architecture{{Dash}}divine, semi-divine and secular. The divine images are a portrayal of goddesses, standing alone as well as with [[Vishnu]], [[Brahma]] and [[Shiva]]. Other female depictions often seen on the temples such as [[Apsara]] and Surasundari are considered to be semi-divine. They are at times also represented as attendants of female divine figure. Apart from the divine and semi-divine, the earthly female representation is define as secular.<ref name=":0" /> Some scholars define Alasa Kanya as earthly [[Ashta Nayika|Nayikas]], although one of the prominent scholar, Donaldson refers Alasa Kanya as an Apsara, who are the semi-divine figures.<ref>{{Cite web |title=criticalcollective.in |url=https://criticalcollective.in/ArtHistoryDetail.aspx?Eid=586 |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=criticalcollective.in}}</ref> One of the earliest reference to Alasa Kanya is in a 9th-century manual ''Shilpa Prakasha''.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
== Form and postures ==<br />
Alasa Kanya is depicted in an erotic manner, to enchant man with their playful glances. Common posture of Alasa Kanya is with her hands above her head in ''uromandali hasta'', however their postures change in accordance to their position or placement in the temple.<ref>DEVANGANA SCULPTURAL IMAGE STUDY PART-II - POST GUPTA MEDIEVAL DEVANGANAS : THEIR INDIVIDUAL MOTIF ANALYSIS http://dspace.hmlibrary.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1719/12/12_Chapter%206.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725133541/http://dspace.hmlibrary.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1719/12/12_Chapter%206.pdf |date=25 July 2023 }}</ref> In some instances alasa kanya figures are standing together in a row, this is referred as Nari Bandhan by ''Shilpa Prakasha''.<ref name=":0" /> Different postures of Alasa Kanya is derived from Alasa ''Yantra'' or a magical diagram which depicts the line for varying postures.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Donaldson |first=Thomas E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tQLWAAAAMAAJ |title=Kamadeva's Pleasure Garden, Orissa |date=1987 |publisher=B.R. Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7018-393-8 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
''Shilpa Prakash'', the historic text defines minimum sixteen forms of Alasa Kanya: ''Torana'' (one forming an arch), ''Mugdha'' (innocent and simple), ''Manini'' (resentful offended), ''Dalamalika'' (pulling down a branch of tree), ''Padmagandha'' (smelling the lotus), ''Darpana'' (holding a mirror), ''Vinyasa'' (thoughtful and meditative), ''Ketakibharana'' (wearing ketaki blossom), ''Matrmurti'' (the mother with child ), ''Chamara'' (one holding a fly whisk), ''Gunthana'' (the one who hides herself), ''Nartaki'' (dancer), ''Shukasarika'' (One playing with a parrot), ''Nupurpadika'' (one wearing anklets) and ''Mardala'' (drummer).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parida |first=Asok Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EZ5NAAAAYAAJ |title=Early Temples of Orissa: From the Sixth Century A.D. to the End of Somavamsi Rule |date=1999 |publisher=Commonwealth Publishers |isbn=978-81-7169-519-5 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Alasa Kanya depiction can also be discussed in reference to the evolution of temple architecture in Odisha. During the 8th century, the female figures such as Alasa Kanya sculptures are placed alone inside the niches, surrounded by scrolls, the sculptures given impression of being self-absorbent with revealing any emotion and seldomly the figures jut out of their niches. Progressing to the 10th century with the development of Panch Ratha plan, figures of alasa kanya are placed on the corners of the temples, here the sculptures are not confined to the niches but are carved in relief and is part of different scenes. From 11th century onwards the figure becomes more beautiful and is some of the best examples of alasa kanya sculptures. As the height of the temples become double storey, the figures are placed above the eye level giving an impression that they are celestial or heavenly beings.<ref name=":0" /><ref>The Sculpture of Odisha- A Study on Women on Odishan Temple Dr. Ramakanta Bhuyan, International Journal of Innovative Studies in Sociology and Humanities (IJISSH) ISSN 2456-4931 (Online) Volume: 4 Issue: 6 | June 2019,https://ijissh.org/storage/Volume4/Issue6/IJISSH-040604.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421191556/https://ijissh.org/storage/Volume4/Issue6/IJISSH-040604.pdf |date=21 April 2023 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Types ==<br />
The sixteen types of Alasa Kanya mentioned in the text of ''Shilpa Prakasha'' is described below<ref name=":0" /><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
|''Torana''<br />
|Torana means a gateway, generally in case of the temples. As the name suggests the alasa kanya form arch arch or a gateway by joining her hands above her head.<br />
|-<br />
|''Mugdha''<br />
|She is portrayed as a female adorned with jewellery with her right hand in naga mudra and left is resting on her hips. <br />
|-<br />
|''Manini''<br />
|Manini is also adorned with jewellery along with fine draperies. Her left hand touches the lower and the other hand is raised, which also believed to depict pride. Her eyes are just slightly open and the mouth is ajar, while lower lip expressing lasya bhava.<br />
|-<br />
|''Dalmalika''<br />
|The alasya kanya is holding tip of a branch with her right hand and the other end of the branch with left. The origin of this figure could be ashoka dahoda<br />
|-<br />
|''Padmagandha''<br />
|She is the most beautiful, holding a lotus in her left hand and bending towards it, while her hands rest on her hips.<br />
|-<br />
|''Darpana''<br />
|One of the most widely depicted alasa kanya, holding amirron in one hand and admiring her beauty with her hair in the front. The mirror can be placed in any of the hands, as per the artist. This figure is seen in bellur and Khajuro too.<br />
|-<br />
|''Vinayasa''<br />
|The maiden is in a meditative mood with her hand in karakacchapika mudra, in the shape of an oyster and the other hand is in japa naysa, as if chanting god's name.<br />
|-<br />
|''Ketakibharana''<br />
|The alasya is standing cross legged holding a ketaki flower and has wide hips. The figure is considered to be auspicious. <br />
|-<br />
|''Matrmurti''<br />
|The left hand holds a baby and the right rests on her hips. This image is a depiction of fertility cult.<br />
|-<br />
|''Camara''<br />
|The posture is same as matrmurti, in this case she holds a fly wishk instead of a chinf and holds her drapery with other hand.<br />
|-<br />
|''Gunthana''<br />
|She is shown from her backside, standing with a virile attitude and her legs crossed.<br />
|-<br />
|''Nartaki''<br />
|She represents a celestial dancer with her legs crossed and body swaying in a dance form.<br />
|-<br />
|''Shukasarika''<br />
|The maiden is adorned with a parrot which could be replaced with a maina.<br />
|-<br />
|''Nupurpadika''<br />
|The maiden has a beautiful body and is bending down on her left to tie or untie her anklet, holding a lotus bud in the right hand.<br />
|-<br />
|''Mardala''<br />
|She is the sole musician in the group of 16, shown to be playing an instrument and her facial features depict as she is lost in music.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Rajarani Temple]]<br />
* [[Konark Sun Temple]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Cultural depictions of women]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu temple architecture]]<br />
[[Category:Indian sculpture]]<br />
[[Category:Indian iconography]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu iconography]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghoman,_Gurdaspur&diff=500415Ghoman, Gurdaspur2025-11-21T23:05:40Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: Started a info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Village in Gurdaspur district of Punjab, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br />
'''Ghoman''', also spelt as '''Ghuman''', is a village in [[Tehsil]] [[Sri Hargobindpur]] of [[Gurdaspur district]] of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab, India]]. The village lies 44 kilometres south of the Gurdaspur District Headquarters, about 10 kilometres west of [[Sri Hargobindpur]]. The village is now famous as a town due to substantial business expansion. Ghoman is also famous for presence of [[Radha Soami|Radhasoami]] population.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sadarangani |first=Neeti M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WVQrKJbJ2JIC&pg=PA146 |title=Bhakti Poetry in Medieval India: Its Inception, Cultural Encounter and Impact |publisher=Sarup & Sons |year=2004 |isbn=9788176254366 |page=146}}</ref> [[Postal Index Number]] of Ghoman is 143514.<br />
<br />
== Namdev shrine ==<br />
[[File:Photograph of the shrine of Bhagat Namdev in Ghuman, as published in 'The Sikh Religion' (1909).jpg|thumb|Photograph of the shrine of Bhagat Namdev in Ghuman, as published in 'The Sikh Religion' (1909)]]<br />
A shrine there is dedicated to [[Namdev]], a [[Bhakti]] saint, and is believed by the villagers to represent the place where he was cremated after his travels from [[Maharashtra]]. The tradition, which also says that he spent the last 20 years of his life in that village, is not universally accepted. Several families in Ghoman, particularly from the Ghuman Jat clan, have historically served as sevadars (volunteers) and granthis (religious custodians) at the shrine of Bhagat Namdev. Among them, families with the honorific surname "Bawa" are recognized for their longstanding spiritual service and leadership in maintaining the traditions of the Tapiana Sahib Gurdwara.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gurdwara Tapiana Sahib Bhagat Namdev Ji |url=https://www.historicalgurudwaras.com/GurudwaraDetail.aspx?gid=8358 |website=Historical Gurudwaras |access-date=2025-07-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Songs of the Saints from the Adi Granth |first=Nirmal |last=Dass |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2000 |isbn=9780791446836 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B0mJM1IFkLoC&pg=PA26 |page=26}}</ref> The shrine of Namdev contained murals dating to the late 18th century.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kang |first=Kanwarjit Singh |date=21 November 2010 |title=Gurus in murals |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20101121/spectrum/main2.htm |access-date=21 November 2025 |work=The Tribune |quote=From among the extant remains of the murals in Punjab, the earliest rendering of Guru Nanak is from the late 18th century painted panel in the temple of Shri Namdev at Ghoman in Gurdaspur.}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Bawa Families ==<br />
<br />
The surname "Bawa" is used by several families in Ghuman to denote respect and spiritual service. Among the Ghuman Jat clan, the Bawa families have historically held roles as granthis (scripture readers), sevadars (volunteers), and custodians of the Gurdwara Tapiana Sahib, the shrine of Bhagat Namdev Ji.<br />
<br />
The title "Bawa" is considered an honorific, rather than a caste marker, and reflects a lineage of devotion, religious duty, and leadership in maintaining the traditions of the shrine. These families trace their roots through the Ghuman (Ghumman) clan, which has historical connections to the Janjua Rajput lineage.<br />
<br />
Descendants of the Bawa families continue to maintain ties with Ghuman, even as many have migrated to urban centers and abroad. They often return during religious gatherings and melas held at the Tapiana Sahib shrine.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gurdwara Tapiana Sahib Bhagat Namdev Ji |url=https://www.historicalgurudwaras.com/GurudwaraDetail.aspx?gid=8358 |website=Historical Gurudwaras |access-date=2025-07-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gurdwara Tapiana Sahib Bhagat Namdev Ji - SikhiWiki |url=https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Gurdwara_Tapiana_Sahib_Bhagat_Namdev_Ji |website=SikhiWiki |access-date=2025-07-13}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Location==<br />
<br />
The village lies about 10&nbsp;km from [[Sri Hargobindpur]], and about 25&nbsp;km from [[Batala]].<br />
<br />
Closest nearby villages are Pandori (2&nbsp;km), Kaure (2&nbsp;km), [[Bhattiwal]] (3&nbsp;km), Sakhowal (3&nbsp;km), Dakoha, Veela Bajju, Cheema, Sukala, Bariar, Nawan Pind, Mandiala.<br />
<br />
== Notable people ==<br />
* [[Jaimal Singh|Baba Jaimal Singh Ji Maharaj]] - Founder and first Satguru of Radha Soami Satsang Beas.<br />
* [[Namdev|Bhagat Namdev]]- Bhakti-movement saint, spent later parts of his life at Ghoman.<ref>{{cite news |last=Shukla |first=Vandana |date=5 April 2015 |title=Little Maharashtra in Punjab village |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/little-maharashtra-in-punjab-village-62948 |work=[[Tribune India]] |location=Chandigarh |access-date=8 August 2023}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|31|41|22|N|75|22|49|E|display=title|region:IN_type:city}}<br />
<br />
{{Gurdaspur district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Gurdaspur district]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nandi_Awards_of_1986&diff=451281Nandi Awards of 19862025-10-31T07:55:31Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: Refined content and updated sections</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Telugu film and TV awards ceremony}}<br />
{{one source|date=July 2021}}<br />
{{Nandi Awards}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}<br />
<br />
Nandi Awards presented annually by Government of Andhra Pradesh. First awarded in 1964.<br />
<br />
== 1986 Nandi Awards Winners List ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Category<ref>{{cite web|date=|title=Nandi Award winners 1964-2008|url=https://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|accessdate=14 July 2021}}</ref><br />
!Winner<br />
!Film<br />
|-<br />
|[[List of winners of the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film]]<br />
|[[K. Viswanath]]<br />
|[[Swathi Muthyam]]<br />
|-<br />
|Second Best Feature Film<br />
|[[T. Krishna]]<br />
|[[Repati Pourulu]]<br />
|-<br />
|Third Best Feature Film<br />
|[[Muthyala Subbaiah]]<br />
|[[Aruna Kiranam]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1986 Indian film awards]]<br />
[[Category:Nandi Awards]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wellesley_Bridge,_Srirangapatna&diff=545625Wellesley Bridge, Srirangapatna2025-08-19T09:51:20Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox bridge<br />
| name = Wellesley Bridge, Srirangapatna<br />
| native_name = Kiraguru Sethuve<br />
| native_name_lang = Kannada<br />
| image = Srirangapatna bridge.jpg<br />
| image_upright = <br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Wellesley Bridge<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| os_grid_reference = <br />
| carries = Mysore-Srirgapatna-Bengaluru Road<br />
| crosses = [[Kaveri River]]<br />
| locale = [[Srirangapatna]]<br />
| official_name = <br />
| other_name = Purnaiah Bridge<br />
| named_for = [[Richard Wellesley, Governor General of India]] <br />
| owner = Archaeology Department of Karnataka<br />
| maint = <br />
| heritage = Heritage bridge<br />
| id = <br />
| id_type = <br />
| website = <br />
| preceded = <br />
| followed = <br />
| design =<br />
| material = Entirely of stone <br />
| material1 = <br />
| material2 = <br />
| length = {{Convert|512|ft}}<br />
| width = {{Convert|20| ft}}<br />
| height = <br />
| depth = <br />
| traversable = <br />
| towpath = <br />
| mainspan = {{Convert|8|ft}} each span<br />
| number_spans = 64<br />
| piers_in_water = <br />
| load = <br />
| clearance_above = <br />
| clearance_below = {{Convert|22| feet}}<br />
| life = More than 200 years<br />
| architect = <br />
| designer = <br />
| contracted_designer = <br />
| winner = <br />
| engineering = <br />
| builder = [[Dewan Purnaiah]] of [[Mysore Kingdom]]<br />
| fabricator = <br />
| begin = 1802<br />
| complete = 1804<br />
| cost = Rs 5.5 lakhs<br />
| open = Now open to cycles, motorcycles and pedestrians only <br />
| inaugurated = 4 October 1804<br />
| rebuilt = Renovated in 2022<br />
| collapsed = <br />
| closed = <br />
| replaces = <br />
| traffic = <br />
| toll = <br />
| map_type = <br />
| map_relief = <br />
| map_dot_label = <br />
| map_image = <br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Wellesley Bridge, Srirangapatna''' is an ancient stone bridge built in 1804 on the Highway road leading to Bengaluru from Mysuru in the state of [[Karnataka]]. This stone bridge is built across the north bank of the [[Cauvery River]] (also spelled Kaveri River). When built it was the main first artery approach to the island town of [[Srirangapatna]] (also known as Seringapatam during [[British Raj]]) which was initially the capital city of the [[Wodeyar Dynasty]] of [[Mysore Kingdom]] after the death of [[Tipu Sultan]] in 1799. The bridge was dedicated to [[Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley|Marquis Wellesley]] who was the [[Governor-General of British India]] when it was completed, and it was inaugurated in October 1804. It was built under the overall supervision of [[Dewan]], [[Purnaiah]] of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]], as directed by the King [[Krishnaraja Wadiyar III|Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar]].<br />
<br />
The strong bridge is built from stone pillars and corbels, surrounded by stone girders, and survived over 200 years of heavy traffic and heavy floods in the river. It was repaired in 2018-22 and put to use by cyclists, motor cyclists, and pedestrians. It has been proposed to promote the bridge to a heritage monument.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
After this war, the Kingdom of Mysore was restored to the Wodeyar Dynasty by the British Raj with the King Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar as the ruler.<ref name=Muthanna>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5MBAAAAMAAJ&q=Wellesley+Bridge,+Srirangapatna|last=Muthanna|first=I.M.|title=Tipu Sultan X'rayed|year=1980|pages=501–502|publisher=Usha Press}}</ref> The then Dewan - Regent, Purnaiah of the Mysore Kingdom, was directed by the King (who was still a minor) to embark on planning and building a strong bridge across the Cauvery River on priority to open up an easy means of communication to Srirangapatna which was still the capital city of Wodeyar kingdom before it was shifted to Mysore city.<br />
<ref name=Bridge>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Kq1AAAAIAAJ&q=Wellesley+Bridge,+Srirangapatna|last=SriSathyan|first=B.N.|title=Mysore State Gazetteer: Mandya District|year=1967|page=218|publisher=Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press}}</ref><ref name=Young>{{Cite news|url= https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2021/feb/14/the-wellesley-bridge-200-years-young-2263845.html|last= Bhardwaj|first= Meera|title=The Wellesley Bridge: 200 years young- The New Indian Express|date= 14 February 2021|publisher= New Indian Express}}</ref><ref name=Times>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/mysuru-works-begin-on-historical-wellesley-bridge-restoration/articleshow/79487944.cms|title=Mysuru: Works begin on historical Wellesley Bridge restoration |date= 30 November 2020|publisher=Times of India (indiatimes.com)}}</ref><br />
<br />
Purnaiah prepared an estimate of Rs 5.5 lakhs to build the bridge to connect to Kirigur and beyond to Mysore. The site for the bridge was selected by [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington]], the governor of Seringapatam and Mysore, who had led the British regiment against Tipu Sultan in 1799. He was the brother of Richard Wellesley, the Governor-General after whom the bridge has been named. Purnaiah was awarded for his work on this bridge and he also received a pension.<ref name=Heritage>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/heritrage-lover-historians-urge-govt-to-preserve-wellesley-bridge/articleshow/65095199.cms | last= Urs |first= Shivendra |title=Heritage lover, historians urge govt to preserve Wellesley Bridge |date= 23 July 2018|publisher= Times of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
A bilingual inscription (English and Persian) on this bridge records the naming of the bridge in honour of Marques Wellesley Bahadur referred to in the Persian text as Jisr-i-Wellesley.<ref name=Survey>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TP9tAAAAMAAJ&q=Wellesley+Bridge,+Srirangapatna|title=Indian Archaeology|year=2000|page=85| publisher=Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Features==<br />
The bridge built on the northern branch of the Kaveri River has a total of 64 spans of 8&nbsp;ft each with 512 feet of linear waterway. In local Kannada language it is called as Kirangur Sethuve ('Sethuve' meaning "bridge") meaning the bridge that leads to Kirangur village. It has withstood heavy floods of the Kaveri River during the intense rains of the [[south-west monsoon]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/t/019pho000430s41u00037000.html|title=The Wellesley Bridge, Seringapatam|year= 1890|publisher= British Libraray}}</ref> Following the construction of the [[Krishna Raja Sagara|KRS dam]] on the Kaveri river in upstream reaches, the bridge has withstood releases of more than 100000 cusecs of flood water.<ref name=Times/><ref name=Young/><br />
<br />
The bridge, though rough in appearance, was built to native architectural design with monolithic stone pillars mounted with stone corbels (in two layers) that support four layers of stone girders which are topped by the stone slabs of the roadway.<ref name=Young/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/o.nlineex/apac/photocoll/c/019pho0000096s1u00092000.html|title=Cauvery Bridge [Wellesley] at Seringapatam|year=1860|publisher=British Library}}</ref> This bridge was the main source for the vehicular traffic between [[Bengaluru]] and [[Mysuru]] region till a new bridge was constructed in 1967, downstream.<ref name=Times/><br />
<br />
The Heritage Committee of Mysore has urged the Government of Karnataka to declare the bridge as a heritage monument as it meets the criteria.<ref name=Heritage/><br />
<br />
==Restoration==<br />
Over its two centuries of existence, the bridge had seen cracks, weeds and tree growth endangering its stability, and even a part of its abutment retaining wall had collapsed. Urged by the expert heritage committee, the repair and restoration works of the bridge including the piers were initiated by the Department of Archaeology, Museums and Heritage<br />
in 2018 at an estimated cost of Rs 28 lakh. Apart from the piers, the top slab at the base of the bridge has been replaced with new stones. The restoration works have since been completed in line with the original construction limestone, burnt bricks and small stones and made strong enough to withstand heavy flood discharge in the river.<ref name=Young/><ref name=Times/><ref name=Heritage/><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Srirangapatna]]<br />
[[Category:Kingdom of Mysore]]<br />
[[Category:Kaveri River]]<br />
[[Category:Bridges in Karnataka]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palghat_R._Raghu&diff=469437Palghat R. Raghu2025-07-27T08:25:18Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: minor expand page for consistency and updated info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Burmese singer (1928–2009)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=June 2009}}<br />
{{infobox person<br />
|name = Palghat R. Raghu<br />
|birth_name = Palghat Ramaswamy Raghu<br />
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1928|1|9}}<br />
|birth_place = Rangoon, Burma {{small|(present-day [[Yangon]], Myanmar)}}<br />
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2009|6|2|1928|1|9}}<br />
|parents = Palghat Ramasamy Iyer, Ananthalakshmi Ammal<br />
|spouse = Swarnambal <br />
|occupation = carnatic musician, percussionist<br />
}}<br />
'''Palghat R. Raghu''' (9 January 1928&nbsp;– 2 June 2009) was a [[Carnatic music]]ian and [[percussion]]ist. He was awarded the [[Madras Music Academy]]'s [[Sangeetha Kalanidhi]] in 2007.<ref name="mask">{{Cite web |url=https://musicacademymadras.in/awards/sangita-kalanidhi/ |title=Sangita Kalanidhi recipients list from The Music Academy (official site) |access-date=26 June 2019 |archive-date=26 November 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191126074617/https://musicacademymadras.in/awards/sangita-kalanidhi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Palghat Ramaswamy Raghu was born in [[Rangoon]], [[Burma]] (now Myanmar) to Palghat Ramaswamy Iyer and Ananthalakshmi Ammal. As a child, he was immensely talented and inducted into [[mridangam]] lessons very early in his life. His first mridangam lessons were from Tinniam Venkatarama Iyer and Trichy Raghava Iyer. Later he learnt the art from [[Palghat Mani Iyer|Palghat T. S. Mani Iyer]], to whose niece, Swarnambal, he was married. He was a graduate of mathematics.<br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
* [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in 1983<br />
* Palghat Mani Iyer award (first recipient)<br />
* [[Padma Shri]] in [[Padma Shri Awards (1980-1989)|year 1985]]<br />
* Mridangam Chakravarty award<br />
* [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]] in 1979<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keralaculture.org/classical-music/456|title=Classical Music|publisher=Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala|access-date=24 February 2023}}</ref><br />
* [[Kalaimamani]] ([[Tamil Nadu]])<br />
* [[Sangeetha Choodamani]] by Sri Krishna Gana Sabha, Chennai (1978)<br />
* Mridangam Nada Mani (Shankaracharya)<br />
* Nada Brahmam&nbsp;— award from Narada Gana Sabha( 2000)<br />
* Nada Nidhi (2001)<br />
* [[Sangeetha Kalanidhi]] (2007)<br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
<br />
Raghu toured extensively in [[Europe]], United States, Australia, Malaysia and Singapore. He performed with artists such as Sitar Maestro Pandit [[Ravi Shankar]], Flute [[Hariprasad Chaurasia]], [[Santoor]] [[Shivkumar Sharma]] and [[Alla Rakha]] in numerous concerts in India and abroad. He had also been involved in east–west fusion music. He had been visiting professor of music at [[Wesleyan University]] in [[Connecticut]], [[San Diego State University]] and [[University of California, Berkeley]]. He regularly conducted advanced mridangam classes for the benefit of his students and upcoming mridangam artists.<br />
<br />
Palghat Raghu's grandsons are carnatic musician [[Abhishek Raghuram]] and mridangam artist Anantha R. Krishnan.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.palghatraghu.org Official Website of Palghat R. Raghu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227032812/http://palghatraghu.org/ |date=27 February 2021 }}<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090606134836/http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/03/stories/2009060358910800.htm Obituary in The Hindu newspaper]<br />
<br />
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}<br />
{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}<br />
{{Sangeet Natak Akademi Award Winners of Kerala}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Raghu, Palghat}}<br />
[[Category:1928 births]]<br />
[[Category:2009 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Mridangam players]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]<br />
[[Category:Sangeetha Kalanidhi recipients]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil musicians]]<br />
[[Category:Wesleyan University faculty]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian musicians]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century drummers]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punnakkulangara&diff=463293Punnakkulangara2025-05-09T14:38:15Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: expanded content</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Punnakkulangara<br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = village<br />
| image_skyline = Punnakkulangara.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|11.993148|N|75.3641939|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kannur district|Kannur]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = <br />
| population_as_of = <br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 670564<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = +91 497<br />
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-13, [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-59<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Taliparamba]]<br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Kannur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kannur]]<br />
| website = {{URL|punnakkulangara.blogspot.com}}<br />
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KL]]<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
[[File:Punnakkulangara 1.jpg|thumb|Paddy fields @ Punnakkulangara]]<br />
[[File:Neeliyaar Kottam Kulam.jpg|thumb|Neeliyar Kottam Pond]]{{More citations needed|date=May 2025}}<br />
'''Punnakkulangara''' is a significant part as well as a Municipal Ward of [[Anthoor|Anthoor Municipality]] in [[Kannur district]] of [[Kerala]], India.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Primary Census Abstract Data Tables – India: Final Population Totals |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=27 April 2025 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Location and Local Governance ==<br />
<br />
Punnakkulangara is a village in [[North Malabar]]. It is situated in [[Anthoor]] [[Municipality]] of [[Kannur]] district. Punnakkulangara comes under the [[Morazha]] village.<br />
<br />
Even though a small village, Punnakkulangara is surrounded by important places. Historic place of Independence Movement, [[Morazha]], Bakkalam are situated around Punnakkulangara. [[Kannur University]] is situated south of Punnakkulangara. Kerala Armed Police IVth Battalion is the south east boundary of this village. [[Government College of Engineering, Kannur]], Doordarshan Kannur Centre, [[Public sector undertakings in Kerala|KELTRON, Kannur]], [[Parassinikkadavu Snake Park]] etc. are very near to this place.<br />
<br />
== Demography ==<br />
<br />
The [[demography]] of Punnakkulangara is of mixed nature. [[Hindu]]s and [[Muslim]]s are the dominant [[religions]]. [[Christians]] are also there. Among the Hindus most of them belongs to [[Thiyya]] caste.<br />
<br />
== Education ==<br />
<br />
Punnakkulangara has an almost 95% [[literacy rate]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2016}} On average there is at least one graduate in every home. Most of the people attend Punnakkulangara Anganvaadi for preschool education. Almost 100% of the children used to go to schools.{{Citation needed|date=February 2016}} Most of the people attend government schools around Punnakkulangara like Morazha South A.L.P School, Morazha Central U.P. School, and Government Higher Secondary School Morazha. <br />
For higher secondary education, people largely rely upon Morazha Govt. Higher Secondary school and K.P.R Gopalan Smaraka Govt Higher Secondary School, [[Kalliasseri]]. <br />
There is no college in Punnakkulangara. People depends upon Private and parallel Colleges in and around [[Taliparamba]], [[Kannur]], [[Payyannur]], and [[Cherukunnu]].<br />
<br />
== Economy ==<br />
<br />
'''Agriculture''' - Once the major activity of the people in Punnakkulangara, is now in its downward swing. There are still a lot of people engaged in agriculture, but as a side business only. Once the vast paddy fields on the sides of the canal flowing through the center of Punnakkulngara was a nice scene. Slowly, but more and more paddy fields are becoming sterile. Major agricultural activities includes [[rice]], [[coconut]], [[areca nut]], [[Black pepper|pepper]], [[cashew]], other seasonal activities...<br />
<br />
'''Business and Industry''' - There is no industry in Punnakkulangara. Lot of people are engaged in small and medium business in Kerala and abroad also. It ranges from small scale trading to trading abroad.<br />
<br />
== Vocation ==<br />
<br />
A major portion of the population in Punnakkulnagara are labourers. The main fields which provides vocation to them are construction, agriculture (seasonal), etc. Co-operative sector is a large source of livelihood. This include Weavers co-operative societies like Kalliassery Weavers Ind. Co-op society, Morazha Weavers Ind Co-op Society, [[Kerala Dinesh Beedi Co-op Society]], [[Indian Coffee House]] etc. One of the most important section is the people employed in other parts of India and abroad. Most of the Non resident are employed in Arabian countries. Another important area is Government sector. Many people are employed in Government offices, Schools, University etc. Nowadays people employed in IT and allied industries are also rising up. In Punnakkulangara also, rather than unemployment, underemployment is the main problem.<br />
<br />
== Politics ==<br />
<br />
Punnakkulangara is always been a fertile land for pro-proletarian forces. Many times, in the local body election there was no opposition. Punnakkulangara, 3rd ward of the former Anthoor Panchyath and 27th ward of former unified [[Taliparamba]] municipality, now 21st ward of [[Anthoor]] Municipality, never elected any non left member.<br />
<br />
::*Councillor - Kamala<br />
::*M.L.A. - M V Govindan Master<br />
::*M.P. - K Sudhakaran<br />
<br />
==Transportation==<br />
The national highway passes through [[Dharmashala, Kannur|Dharmashala]] junction. [[Mangalore]] and [[Mumbai]] can be accessed on the northern side and [[Cochin]] and [[Thiruvananthapuram]] can be accessed on the southern side. The nearest railway stations are [[Kannapuram]] and [[Kannur railway station|Kannur]] on [[Mangalore]]-[[Palakkad]] line. There are airports at [[Mangalore Airport|Mangalore]] and [[Calicut International Airport|Calicut]].<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [[Anthoor]]<br />
* [[Morazha]]<br />
* [[Parassinikkadavu]]<br />
* [[Kannapuram]]<br />
* [[Cherukunnu]]<br />
* [[Kalliasseri]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
*Punnakkulangara in Wikimapia : [http://wikimapia.org/#lat=11.9902935&lon=75.3658676&z=15&l=0&m=b&v=1&show=/15925682/Punnakkulangara]<br />
*[http://Punnakkulangara.blogspot.com Website of Punnakkulangara]<br />
<br />
{{Kerala}}<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[North Malabar]]<br />
|list =<br />
{{North Malabar}}<br />
{{Places of interest in North Malabar}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Kannur district}}<br />
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[[Category:Villages near Dharmashala, Kannur]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2016_(January)_Patna_Pirates_season&diff=4825432016 (January) Patna Pirates season2025-03-29T01:14:57Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: put up the data basic info</p>
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<div>{{Multiple issues|<br />
{{Orphan|date=March 2025}}<br />
{{context|date=July 2017}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''2016 (January) Patna Pirates season''' contains information about an Indian Kabbadi team and its games in 2016.{{2016 Pro Kabaddi League season points table}}<br />
<br />
== Season 3 Performance ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; width:70%;"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:Grey; color:Black; text-align:center;"| Match<br />
! style="background:Grey; color:Black; text-align:center;"| Date<br />
! style="background:Grey; color:Black; text-align:center;"| Opponent<br />
! style="background:Grey; color:Black; text-align:center;"| Venue<br />
! style="background:Grey; color:Black; text-align:center;"| Score<br />
|-<br />
|5|| 1 Feb 2016||[[Jaipur Pink Panthers]] || Vizag || 29–28<br />
|-<br />
|8|| 3 Feb 2016||[[Bengaluru Bulls]] || Bengaluru || 33–24 <br />
|-<br />
|13|| 6 Feb 2016||[[U Mumba]] || Bengaluru || 40–26 <br />
|-<br />
|17|| 8 Feb 2016||[[Telugu Titans]] || Kolkata || 29–25 <br />
|-<br />
|19|| 9 Feb 2016||[[Bengal Warriors]] || Kolkata || 36–31<br />
|-<br />
|22|| 11 Feb 2016||[[Puneri Paltan]] || Pune || 30-30 <br />
|-<br />
|23|| 12 Feb 2016||[[Dabang Delhi]] || Pune || 47–34 <br />
|-<br />
|29|| 16 Feb 2016||[[Bengal Warriors]] || Patna || 32–27 <br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|17 Feb 2016<br />
|[[Bengaluru Bulls]]<br />
|Patna<br />
|36-32 <br />
|-<br />
|33<br />
|18 Feb 2016<br />
|[[Puneri Paltan]]<br />
|Patna<br />
|28-28 <br />
|-<br />
|35<br />
|19 Feb 2016<br />
|[[U Mumba]]<br />
|Patna<br />
|28-34 <br />
|-<br />
|42<br />
|23 Feb 2016<br />
|[[Jaipur Pink Panthers]]<br />
|Jaipur<br />
|47-24 <br />
|-<br />
|45<br />
|25 Feb 2016<br />
|[[Dabang Delhi]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|67-34<br />
|-<br />
|51<br />
|28 Feb 2016<br />
|[[Telugu Titans]]<br />
|Mumbai<br />
|41-42 <br />
|-<br />
|Semi-Final<br />
|04 Mar 2016<br />
|[[Puneri Paltan]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|40-21<br />
|-<br />
|Final<br />
|05 Mar 2016<br />
|[[U Mumba]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|31-28<br />
|}<br />
<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prokabaddi.com/season3-results |title = Pro Kabaddi - Season 3 Results {{!}} ProKabaddi.com |access-date=2017-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707200316/http://www.prokabaddi.com/season3-results |archive-date=2017-07-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
[[Category:2016 in Indian sport|Patna Pirates]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diving_in_India&diff=497414Diving in India2024-07-13T12:13:54Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: Started a data</p>
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<div>{{Infobox sport overview<br />
| title = Diving in India<br />
| image = Cadet diving into a swimming pool at the Indian Naval Academy.jpg<br />
| caption = Cadet diving into a swimming pool at the [[Indian Naval Academy]]<br />
| union = [[Swimming Federation of India]]<br />
| country = India<br />
| sport = [[Diving (sport)|Diving]]<br />
| noncountry = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| first = <br />
| registered = <br />
| clubs = <br />
<br />
<!-- COMPETITIONS --><br />
| national_list = <br />
| club_list = <br />
| intl_list = <br />
<!-- Best Fighter --><br />
| Name =<br />
<!-- AUDIENCE RECORDS --><br />
| match = <br />
| league = <br />
<!-- FAN GROUPS --><br />
| fan_org =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Diving''' is a minor sport in India. Diving in India is administered by the [[Swimming Federation of India]].<br />
<br />
Two [[Arjuna award|Arjuna awardees]], Bajrangi Prasad (1961) and Manjari Bhargava (1974) together with the Swimming Federation of India and the Army Sports Institute are working to uplift the sport in India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sarangi |first1=Y. B. |title=Diving’s infrastructure major roadblock, says FINA technical committee member Mayur Vyas |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/diving-in-india-infrastructure-fina-technical-committee-member-mayur-vyas/article65865651.ece |access-date=13 July 2024 |work=Sportstar |date=8 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Gymnast-turned-diver Medali Redkar won gold in the 1m spring board contest at the National Games in [[Rajkot]] in October 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=National Games: Gymnast-turned-diver Medhali Redkar wins diving gold |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/national-games-gymnast-turned-diver-medhali-redkar-wins-diving-gold/articleshow/94709452.cms |access-date=13 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=7 October 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Army Sports Institute==<br />
The Army Sports Institute in [[Pune]] has taken the initiative to develop young athletes into divers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Taking a plunge: Inside Indian Army’s mission to convert young gymnasts into international divers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/taking-a-plunge-inside-indian-armys-mission-to-convert-young-gymnasts-into-international-divers-8838375/ |access-date=13 July 2024 |work=The Indian Express |date=15 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref> India's current international divers, Hemam London Singh and Siddharth Pardeshi are both proteges of the ASI.<br />
<br />
==Asian Games==<br />
India has won five medals in the event since its inception including two gold, one silver and two bronze, making it the third most successful nation behind Japan and China.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sportstar |first1=Team |title=India diving squad for Asian Games 2023: Full list of players, team news, previous performance |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/asian-games/india-asian-games-2023-hangzhou-2022-diving-squad-swimming-federation-trials-medal-tally-team-news/article67197472.ece |access-date=13 July 2024 |work=Sportstar |date=29 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Two Indian athletes, Siddharth Bajrang Pardeshi and Hemam London Singh, competed in four events at the [[2023 Asian Games|Asian Games]] in Hangzhou in 2023, but did not win any medals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Asian Games 2023 diving: India draw blank in Hangzhou |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/asian-games-2023-hangzhou-diving-india-results-wrap |access-date=13 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Asian Games: Indian divers Siddharth Pardeshi and London Singh fail to qualify for men's 3m springboard final |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/asian-games-2023/india-asian-games/asian-games-indian-divers-siddharth-pardeshi-and-london-singh-fail-to-qualify-for-mens-3m-springboard-final/articleshow/104125581.cms |access-date=13 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=3 October 2023}}</ref> Hemam London Singh is from [[Manipur]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Mom stands on vigil in Manipur, son London on diving board |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/asian-games-2023/india-asian-games/mom-stands-on-vigil-in-manipur-son-london-on-diving-board/articleshow/103983770.cms |access-date=13 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=27 September 2023}}</ref> while Siddharth Pardeshi is from [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nair |first1=Abhijit |title=Meet India's most consistent diver Siddharth Pardeshi who dreams of the Olympics |url=https://thebridge.in/swimming/had-very-good-chance-qualifying-tokyo-olympics-not-meant-to-be-diver-siddharth-pardeshi-21495 |access-date=13 July 2024 |work=thebridge.in |date=15 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite web |title=Swimming Federation of India - Governing Body of Aquatic Sports |url=https://www.swimming.org.in/ |website=Swimming Federation Of India |access-date=13 July 2024}}<br />
* {{cite web |title=Diving |url=https://armysportsinstitute.com/diving/ |website=Army Sports Institute |access-date=13 July 2024}}<br />
<br />
{{Sport in India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sport in India by sport]]<br />
[[Category:Water sports in India]]<br />
[[Category:Diving (sport)]]<br />
<br />
{{India-sport-stub}}</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aandavan_Kattalai&diff=445975Aandavan Kattalai2024-05-15T18:40:27Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: </p>
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<div>'''Aandavan Kattalai''' ({{lit|Command of the Lord}}) may refer to:<br />
* [[Aandavan Kattalai (1964 film)]], an Indian Tamil-language film<br />
* [[Aandavan Kattalai (2016 film)]], an Indian Tamil-language film<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Aandavan (disambiguation)]]<br />
*[[Kattalai (disambiguation)]]<br />
<br />
{{disambiguation}}</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmadpur,_Barnahal&diff=484942Ahmadpur, Barnahal2024-02-11T23:04:40Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: put up first entry first draft</p>
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<div>{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}<br />
{{Other uses|Ahmadpur (disambiguation){{!}}Ahmedpur}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Ahmadpur<br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = <br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| settlement_type = Village<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| image_map = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|27.01871|N|78.81865|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = [[India]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mainpuri district|Mainpuri]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Karhal]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/><br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = 1.256<br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 1620<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/><br />
| demographics_type1 = <br />
| demographics1_title1 = <br />
| demographics1_info1 = <br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = <br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Ahmadpur''' is a village in [[Barnahal]] block of [[Mainpuri district]], Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it had a population of 1,620, in 271 households.<br />
<br />
== Demographics ==<br />
As of 2011, Ahmadpur had a population of 1,620, in 271 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|131}} This population was 53.8% male (871) and 46.2% female (749).<!-- Census 2011 B, p. 106 --> The 0-6 age group numbered 289 (151 male and 138 female), or 17.8% of the total population.<!-- Census 2011 B, p. 106 --> 70 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 4.3% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1259/download/4050/DH_2011_0917_PART_B_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|106–7}}<br />
<br />
The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Ahmadpur as comprising 4 hamlets, with a total population of 634 people (346 male and 288 female), in 107 households and 70 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 316 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (24 - Mainpuri District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28772/download/31954/22833_1961_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|liv}}<br />
<br />
== Infrastructure ==<br />
As of 2011, Ahmadpur had 2 primary schools; it did not have any kind of healthcare facilities.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 131-2 --> Drinking water was provided by tap, hand pump, and tube well; there were no public toilets.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 133 --> The village had a post office and public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 134, 6 --> Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<!-- Census 2011 A, p. 135 --><ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1258/download/4046/DH_2011_0917_PART_A_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|131–6}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Mainpuri district}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Villages in Mainpuri district]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panyam_mandal&diff=467585Panyam mandal2023-11-13T17:04:22Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: basic reworked formatting for accuracy additionally</p>
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<div>{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = <br />
| native_name = <br />
| native_name_lang = te<br />
| other_name = <br />
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh<br />
| seat_type = Headquarters<br />
| seat = [[Panyam]]<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|15.2411|N|78.6026|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nandyal district|Nandyal]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = 51,426<br />
| population_as_of = <br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --><br />
| postal_code = <br />
| registration_plate = AP<br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=250|frame-height=200|frame-align=center|type=shape|id=|stroke-colour=#C60C30|stroke-width=2|text=Interactive map outlining mandal}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Panyam mandal''' is one of the 29 mandals in [[Nandyal district]] of the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-23 |title=Andhra Pradesh CM lays foundation for three renewable energy projects worth over Rs 25,000 crore |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/andhra-pradesh-cm-lays-foundation-for-three-renewable-energy-projects-worth-over-rs-25000-crore/articleshow/102991034.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-30 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> It is under the administration of [[Nandyal revenue division]], and the headquarters are located at [[Panyam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mandal {{!}} Nandyal District {{!}} India |url=https://nandyal.ap.gov.in/mandal/ |access-date=2023-09-30 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Visualizations {{!}} Government of India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/data-visualizations/PopulationSearch_PCA_Indicators |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Nandyal district}}<br />
[[Category:Mandals in Nandyal district]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chandraprava_Saikiani&diff=493461Chandraprava Saikiani2022-12-16T16:57:41Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: Created a redirect</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Chandraprabha Saikiani]] {{R from merge}} {{R from alternative transliteration}}</div>RajKarmakar7602996600https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goan_Inquisition&diff=477106Goan Inquisition2008-02-06T11:02:52Z<p>RajKarmakar7602996600: Added A Post.</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Goa Inquisition]]</div>RajKarmakar7602996600