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Punjab cricket team (India)

2023-10-02T08:32:14Z

Raheeljib:

{{short description|Indian cricket team}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox cricket team
|name = Punjab cricket team
|image =
|captain = [[Mandeep Singh]]
|coach = [[Munish Bali]]
|founded = 1890
|ground = [[Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium]], [[Mohali]] [[Maharaja Yadavindra Singh International Cricket Stadium]], [[Mullanpur Garibdass|Mullanpur]], [[Mohali district|Mohali]] [[Dhruve Pandove Stadium]], [[Patiala]] [[Gandhi Sports Complex Ground]], [[Amritsar]]
|capacity = 28,000
|owner = [[Punjab Cricket Association]]
| first_fc = [[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| first_fc_year = 1968
| first_fc_venue = [[Maulana Azad Stadium|Maulana Azad Stadium, Jammu]]
| title1 = [[Ranji Trophy]]
| title1wins = 1
| title2 = [[Irani Trophy]]
| title2wins = 0
| title3 = [[Vijay Hazare Trophy]]
| title3wins = 0
| title4 = [[Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]]
| title4wins = 0
| website = [http://www.cricketpunjab.in/ PCA]
}}
The '''Punjab cricket team''' is a first-class cricket team that represents the [[India|Indian]] state of Punjab. They have qualified for only one Ranji Trophy semi-final in the last five seasons and made it to the final in the 2004–05 tournament, where they lost to Railways in the first innings. They also play in other domestic cricket tournaments in [[India]]. They have only been winners of the Ranji Trophy once, in the 1992–93 season.

== Competition history ==
In 1968-69, Punjab competed as a unified team for the first time. Before then, [[Southern Punjab cricket team (India)|Southern Punjab]], [[Eastern Punjab cricket team|Eastern Punjab]] and [[Northern Punjab cricket team|Northern Punjab]] had competed at various times. Punjab has won the Ranji Trophy only once, in 1992–93. That year, they lost the [[Irani Trophy]] against a Rest of the Indian team that featured the likes of [[Rahul Dravid]], and [[Sourav Ganguly]]. [[Ajay Jadeja]] and [[Nayan Mongia]]. Punjab has never won the one-day trophy.

=== Best performances in Ranji Trophy ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Position
|-
| 2004–05 || Runner-up
|-
| 1994–95 || Runner-up
|-
| 1992–93 || '''Winner'''
|-
| 1938–39 || Runner-up
|}

==Home ground==
The Punjab cricket team are based and plays their home matches at the [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]] in [[Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar]], established in 1993 on swampland. New cricket grounds of International recognition are expected to come up at [[Bathinda]] and one more at [[Ludhiana]] or [[Amritsar]] as per the saying of the Punjab govt.

The international stadium and the proposed of Punjab cricket team:-

* [[Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium]], [[Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar]]. It is a regular test venue for the BCCI and the home of the IPL team [[Kings XI Punjab]].
* [[Gandhi Sports Complex Ground]], [[Amritsar]] – hosted 2 ODI matches.
* [[Gandhi Stadium]], [[Jalandhar]] – hosted a Test and 3 ODI.
* [[Dhruve Pandove Stadium]], [[Patiala]] – the oldest ground in [[Punjab]].
* [[Maharaja Yadavindra Singh International Cricket Stadium]], [[Mullanpur- Garibdas|Mullanpur]], [[Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar]].
* Shaheed Udham Singh Stadium, [[Amritsar]] – proposed in 2011.
* Bathinda International Cricket Stadium, a stadium presented by [[Bathinda]], has been under construction since 2007.

== Current squad ==
Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
!align=center| Name
!align=center| Birth date
!align=center| Batting style
!align=center| Bowling style
!align=center| Notes
|-
! colspan="6" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| Batters
|-
| '''[[Mandeep Singh]]''' || {{birth date and age|1991|12|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || '''Captain''' Plays for '''[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| [[Anmolpreet Singh]] || {{Birth date and age|1998|3|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || Plays for '''[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| Naman Dhir || {{Birth date and age|1999|12|31|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
| [[Nehal Wadhera]] || {{Birth date and age|2000|9|4|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || Plays for '''[[Mumbai Indians]]'''in [[Indian Premier League |IPL]]
|-
| Pukhraj Mann || {{Birth date and age|2001|6|7|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] ||
|-
| '''[[Shubman Gill]]''' || {{Birth date and age|1999|9|8|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || Plays for '''[[Gujarat Titans]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
! colspan="6" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| All-rounders
|-
| [[Abhishek Sharma (cricketer, born 2000)|Abhishek Sharma]] || {{Birth date and age|2000|9|4|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] ||Plays for '''[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| [[Sanvir Singh]] || {{birth date and age|1996|10|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || Plays for '''[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]''' in '''[[Indian Premier League|IPL]]'''
|-
| [[Ramandeep Singh (cricketer)|Ramandeep Singh]] || {{birth date and age|1997|4|13|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||Plays for '''[[Mumbai Indians]]''' in '''[[Indian Premier League|IPL]]'''
|-
! colspan="6" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| Wicket-keepers
|-
| [[Prabhsimran Singh]] || {{birth date and age|2000|8|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || || Plays for '''[[Punjab Kings]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| [[Anmol Malhotra]] || {{birth date and age|1995|11|29|df=y}} || Right-handed || ||
|-
! colspan="6" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| Spin Bowlers
|-
| '''[[Mayank Markande]]''' || {{Birth date and age|1997|11|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || Plays for '''[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]''' in '''[[Indian Premier League|IPL]]'''
|-
| [[Harpreet Brar]] || {{Birth date and age|1995|9|16|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] ||
|-
| [[Vinay Choudhary]] || {{Birth date and age|1993|9|4|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] ||
|-
| Gaurav Chaudhary || {{Birth date and age|1998|10|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
! colspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=center| Pace Bowlers
|-
| [[Baltej Singh]] || {{birth date and age|1990|11|4|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] ||Plays for '''[[Punjab Kings]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| '''[[Siddarth Kaul]]''' || {{birth date and age|1990|5|19|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] ||Plays for '''[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]''' in '''[[Indian Premier League|IPL]]'''
|-
| Gurnoor Brar || {{birth date and age|2000|5|25|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||Plays for '''[[Punjab Kings]]''' in '''[[Indian Premier League|IPL]]'''
|-
| [[Ashwani Kumar (cricketer)|Ashwani Kumar]] || {{birth date and age|2001|8|29|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
| '''[[Arshdeep Singh (cricketer)|Arshdeep Singh]]''' || {{birth date and age|1999|2|5|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] ||Plays for '''[[Punjab Kings]]''' in '''[[Indian Premier League|IPL]]'''
|}

''Updated as on 31 January 2023''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjab Squads for all cricket series and tournaments |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/team/punjab-2012/squads |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

== Notable players ==
{{main|List of Punjab cricketers}}

=== Players from Punjab who have played Test cricket for India, along with their year of Test debut ===
*[[Jahangir Khan (cricketer)|Mohammad Jahangir Khan]] (1932)
*[[Lall Singh]] (1932)
*[[Mohammad Nissar]] (1932)
*[[Nazir Ali (cricketer)|Syed Nazir Ali]] (1932)
*[[Syed Wazir Ali]] (1932)
*[[Lala Amarnath]] (1933)
*[[Dilawar Hussain]] (1934)
*[[Yadavindra Singh|Yadavindra Singh (Maharaja of Patiala)]] (1934)
*[[Baqa Jilani]] (1936)
*[[Abdul Hafeez Kardar]] (1946)
*[[Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi|Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi (Nawab of Pataudi)]] (1946)
*[[Amir Elahi]] (1947)
*[[Kanwar Rai Singh]] (1948)
*[[Vijay Rajindernath]] (1952)
*[[Vijay Mehra (Indian cricketer)|Vijay Mehra]] (1955)
*[[Bishan Singh Bedi]] (1966)
*[[Mohinder Amarnath]] (1969)
*[[Surinder Amarnath]] (1976)
*[[Yashpal Sharma (cricketer)|Yashpal Sharma]] (1979)
*[[Yograj Singh]] (1981)
*[[Navjot Singh Sidhu]] (1983)
*[[Gursharan Singh]] (1990)
*[[Aashish Kapoor]] (1994)
*[[Vikram Rathour]] (1996)
*[[Harbhajan Singh]] (1998)
*[[Harvinder Singh]] (1998)
*[[Sarandeep Singh]] (2000)
*[[Yuvraj Singh]] (2003)
*[[Vikram Raj Vir Singh]] (2006)
*[[Shubman Gill]] (2020)

=== Players from Punjab who have played ODI but not Test cricket for India, along with their year of ODI debut ===
*Bhupinder Singh
*Pankaj Dharmani
*Reetinder Singh Sodhi
*Dinesh Mongia
*Manpreet Gony
*Rahul Sharma
*Barinder Sran
*Gurkeerat Singh Mann
*Siddarth Kaul
*

=== Players from Punjab who have played T20I but not ODI or Test cricket for India, along with their year of T20I debut ===
*Sandeep Sharma
*Mandeep Singh
*Mayank Markande
*Arshdeep singh

=== Notable players at the domestic level ===
*Dhruv Pandove
*Uday Kaul
*Anmolpreet Singh
*Abhishek Sharma
*Lovish Dubey
*Harman Singh
*Prabhsimran singh

==External links==
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Teams/0/275/First-Class_Matches.html First-class matches played by Punjab] at CricketArchive

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Punjab cricket squad}}
{{Cricket in India}}

[[Category:Indian first-class cricket teams]]
[[Category:Cricket in Punjab, India|Cricket]]
[[Category:Cricket clubs established in 1890]]
[[Category:1890 establishments in British India]]

List of biblical names

2023-09-30T22:36:19Z

Raheeljib:

{{Short description|None}}
[[File:Smith's Bible Dictionary 1863.jpg|thumb|{{center|''[[Smith's Bible Dictionary]]'' 1863}}]]
[[File:Easton's Bible Dictionary 1894.jpg|thumb|{{center|''[[Easton's Bible Dictionary]]'' 1894}}]]
[[File:Nave's Topical Bible 1905.jpg|thumb|{{center|[[Nave's Topical Bible]] 1905}}]]
Names play a variety of roles in the [[Bible]]. They sometimes relate to the nominee's role in a [[biblical narrative]], as in the case of [[Nabal]], a foolish man whose name means "fool".<ref>See 1 Samuel 25:25</ref> Names in the Bible can represent human hopes, [[divine revelation]]s, or are used to illustrate [[prophecies]].<ref>Lockyer, pp. 11-14</ref>{{clarify|date=February 2019|reason=There are three references by Lockyer}}

==Most popular names==
During the period 330 BC – 200 AD, the most common male names in [[Hasmonean dynasty|Judea]] or post [[Kingdom of Judah|Kingdom of Israel]] were:<ref name=Bauckham2017>{{cite book|last=Bauckham|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Bauckham|edition=2nd|title=Jesus and the Eyewitnesses: The Gospels as Eyewitness Testimony|chapter=Palestinian Jewish Names|pages=67–92|publisher=Eerdmans|location=Grand Rapids|year=2017|isbn=978-0-8028-7431-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J2lAvgAACAAJ&q=most+popular+male+names}}</ref>
*1. Simon/Simeon
*2. Joseph/Joses
*3. Lazarus
*4. Judah
*5. John
*6. Jesus
*7. Ananias
*8. Jonathan
*9. Matthew/Matthias
*10. Manaen
*11. James
*12. Michael

During this period, the most common female names were:<ref name=Bauckham2017/>
*1. Mary
*2. Salome
*3. Shelamzion
*4. Martha
*5-6. Joanna and Sapphira (equally common)
*7. Berenice
*8-9. Imma and Mara (equally common)
*10{{ndash}}12. Cyprus, Sarah, and Alexandra

==Lists==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[List of biblical names starting with A]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with B]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with C]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with D]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with E]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with F]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with G]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with H]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with I]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with J]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with K]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with L]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with M]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with N]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with O]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with P]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with Q]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with R]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with S]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with T]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with U]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with V]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with Y]]
*[[List of biblical names starting with Z]]
{{div col end}}

==See also==
*[[Gemstones in the Bible]]
*[[Genealogies in the Bible]]
*[[List of major biblical figures]]
*[[List of minor Old Testament figures, A–K]]
*[[List of minor Old Testament figures, L–Z]]
*[[List of minor New Testament figures]]
*[[List of biblical places]]
*[[List of animals in the Bible]]
*[[List of plants in the Bible]]
*[[List of women in the Bible]]
*[[List of names for the biblical nameless]]
*[[List of modern names for biblical place names]]
*''[[Young's Analytical Concordance to the Bible]]'' – for which later editions contain ''A complete list of Scripture Proper Names as in the Authorised and Revised Versions, showing their modern pronunciation and the exact form of the original Hebrew'' by Wm. B. Stevenson.
*[[Theophory]]
* [[Bible names in their native languages]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Comay, Joan, ''Who's Who in the Old Testament'', Oxford University Press, 1971, {{ISBN|0-19-521029-8}}
*Elwell, Walter A., ''Evangelical Dictionary of Theology'', Baker Publishing Group, 1984, ISB 9781441200303
*Lockyer, Herbert, ''All the men of the Bible'', Zondervan Publishing House (Grand Rapids, Michigan), 1958
*Lockyer, Herbert, ''All the women of the Bible'', Zondervan Publishing 1988, {{ISBN|0-310-28151-2}}
*Lockyer, Herbert, ''All the Divine Names and Titles in the Bible'', Zondervan Publishing 1988, {{ISBN|0-310-28041-9}}
*Tischler, Nancy M., ''All things in the Bible: an encyclopedia of the biblical world '', Greenwood Publishing, Westport, Conn. : 2006 {{ISBN|0-313-33082-4}}

== External links ==

*[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/nave/bible.naves.html Nave's Topical Bible]
*[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/smith_w/bibledict.toc.html Smith's Bible Dictionary]
*[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/easton/ebd2.EBD.html Easton's Bible Dictionary]
*[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/herbermann/cathen01.toc.html Catholic Encyclopedia 1917]
*[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/encyc13a.TitlePage.html New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge] (Dictionary edition)

{{Personal names}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Biblical Names}}

{{list of lists |religion |listcat=Lists of biblical names}}

Gujarat Titans

2023-09-18T14:28:50Z

Raheeljib: /* External links */

{{Short description|Indian cricket franchise}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| name = Gujarat Titans
| alt_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Gujarat Titans Logo.svg
| image_size = 240px
| alt =
| nickname =
| league = [[Indian Premier League]]
| captain = [[Hardik Pandya]]
| coach = [[Ashish Nehra]]
| chairman =
| batting_coach =
| bowling_coach =
| fielding_coach =
| owner = [[CVC Capital Partners]]
| ceo =
| manager =
| adviser =
| city = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], India
| colours =
| founded = {{Start date and age|2021|10|25|df=yes}}
| dissolved =
| ground = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Motera]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| capacity = 132,000
| ground2 =
| capacity2 =
| ipl_wins = ([[2022 Indian Premier League|2022]])
| clt20_wins =
| t_leftarm = E9CBFF
| t_pattern_la = _gt23_cancer_awareness
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| current = [[Gujarat Titans in 2023]]
| website = [https://www.gujarattitansipl.com/ gujarattitansipl.com]
}}
{{Season sidebar
| title = Seasons
| list =
* [[Gujarat Titans in 2022|2022]]
* [[Gujarat Titans in 2023|2023]]
}}
[[File:Hardik Pandya (cropped 2).jpg|thumb|[[Hardik Pandya]] (Captain)]]
[[File:Ashish Nehra (6160488612) (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Ashish Nehra]] (Head coach)]]
'''Gujarat Titans (GT)''' is a professional franchise [[cricket]] team based in [[Ahmedabad, Gujarat]], India. The Titans compete in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2022-ahmedabad-team-officially-named-gujarat-titans-101644387930322.html|title=IPL 2022: Ahmedabad team officially named Gujarat Titans|work=Hindustantimes|date=9 February 2022|access-date=9 February 2022|archive-date=7 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107004233/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-2022-ahmedabad-team-officially-named-gujarat-titans-101644387930322.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/article/ipl-2022-ahmedabad-ipl-franchise-to-be-called-gujarat-titans/856658|title=It's official! Ahmedabad IPL franchise to be called 'Gujarat Titans'|work=TIMESNOWNEWS.com|date=9 February 2022|access-date=9 February 2022|archive-date=9 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209071245/https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/article/ipl-2022-ahmedabad-ipl-franchise-to-be-called-gujarat-titans/856658|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-gujarat-titans-unveiled-as-name-for-new-ahmedabad-franchise-1300376|title=Gujarat Titans unveiled as name for new Ahmedabad IPL franchise|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=9 February 2022|archive-date=9 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209080934/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-gujarat-titans-unveiled-as-name-for-new-ahmedabad-franchise-1300376|url-status=live}}</ref> Founded in 2021, Gujarat Titans' home ground is [[Narendra Modi Stadium]] in [[Motera]]. The franchise is owned by [[CVC Capital Partners]]. The team is captained by [[Hardik Pandya]] and coached by [[Ashish Nehra]].<ref name="New">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/hardik-pandya-named-captain-of-ahmedabad-ipl-team-for-ipl-2022-rashid-khan-and-shubman-named-as-draft-picks-101642783655545.html|title=Hardik Pandya announced as captain of Ahmedabad team for IPL 2022, Rashid Khan and Shubman Gill included as draft picks|work=Hindustantimes.com|date=21 January 2022|access-date=7 February 2022|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207005132/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/hardik-pandya-named-captain-of-ahmedabad-ipl-team-for-ipl-2022-rashid-khan-and-shubman-named-as-draft-picks-101642783655545.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/nehra-all-set-to-become-head-coach-of-ahmedabad-ipl-team-vikram-solanki-to-be-director-of-cricket-7704623/|title=Nehra all set to become head coach of Ahmedabad IPL team, Vikram Solanki to be 'Director of Cricket'|work=Indian express.com|date=4 January 2022|access-date=7 February 2022|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207130004/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/nehra-all-set-to-become-head-coach-of-ahmedabad-ipl-team-vikram-solanki-to-be-director-of-cricket-7704623/|url-status=live}}</ref> They won their maiden title in the [[2022 Indian Premier League|2022 season]], which was also their debut season.

== Franchise history ==
The Governing Council of the Indian Premier League issued an invitation to tender for two new sides in August 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2021/news/154995/bcci-announces-release-of-tender-to-own-and-operate-ipl-team|title=BCCI ANNOUNCES RELEASE OF TENDER TO OWN AND OPERATE IPL TEAM|work=BCCI|access-date=7 February 2022|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207142902/https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2021/news/154995/bcci-announces-release-of-tender-to-own-and-operate-ipl-team|url-status=live}}</ref> A total of 22 companies declared an interest, but with a high base price for the new teams, there were no more than six serious bidders. The [[Board of Cricket Control in India|Board of Control for Cricket in India]] allowed a consortium of three companies or individuals to bid for each franchise. In October 2021, [[CVC Capital Partners]] won the rights to operate the Ahmedabad franchise with a bid of {{INRConvert|5625|c}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=New IPL teams: CVC Capital wins bid for Ahmedabad, RPSG Group gets Lucknow |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/ipl-cvc-capital-partners-gets-ahmedabad-rpsg-group-gets-lucknow-121102501288_1.html |newspaper=Business Standard India |access-date=26 October 2021 |date=25 October 2021 |agency=Press Trust of India |archive-date=26 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026012646/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/ipl-cvc-capital-partners-gets-ahmedabad-rpsg-group-gets-lucknow-121102501288_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/3735/bcci-announces-the-successful-bidders-for-two-new-indian-premier-league-franchises|title=BCCI ANNOUNCES THE SUCCESSFUL BIDDERS FOR TWO NEW INDIAN PREMIER LEAGUE FRANCHISES|website=iplt20.com|access-date=7 February 2022|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207142046/https://www.iplt20.com/news/3735/bcci-announces-the-successful-bidders-for-two-new-indian-premier-league-franchises|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=RPSG, CVC Capital win bids for Lucknow, Ahmedabad IPL teams|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/119555/rpsg-cvc-capital-win-bids-for-lucknow-ahmedabad-ipl-teams|access-date=8 February 2022|website=Cricbuzz|date=25 October 2021|archive-date=25 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025160632/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/119555/rpsg-cvc-capital-win-bids-for-lucknow-ahmedabad-ipl-teams|url-status=live}}</ref> Ahead of the IPL 2022 auctions, the franchise drafted [[Hardik Pandya]] as their captain.<ref name="New"/> In February 2022, the team was officially named Gujarat Titans.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofsports.com/cricket/ipl/gujarat-titans-name-meaning/amp/|title=Gujarat Titans Name Meaning: Ahmedabad Based IPL Franchise Explains|work=Timesofsports|date=8 March 2022|access-date=6 April 2022|archive-date=18 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418013153/https://www.timesofsports.com/cricket/ipl/gujarat-titans-name-meaning/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cricketaddictor.com/indian-premier-league-ipl-2022/gujarat-titans-revealed-as-the-official-name-of-ahmedabad-franchise-in-the-indian-premier-league/|title=Gujarat Titans Revealed As The Official Name Of Ahmedabad Franchise In The Indian Premier League|work=Cricket Addictor|date=9 February 2022|access-date=6 April 2022|archive-date=6 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406140030/https://cricketaddictor.com/indian-premier-league-ipl-2022/gujarat-titans-revealed-as-the-official-name-of-ahmedabad-franchise-in-the-indian-premier-league/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Team history ==
=== 2022 IPL season ===

Although their auction methods and their selections during their first-ever auction were considered weak, and the team was written off, the Titans surprised everyone with their performances, gaining their first win against fellow newcomers [[Lucknow Super Giants]]. That win was the first in their inaugural campaign, which saw the Titans eventually win 10 of their 14 group matches, qualifying at the top of the table with 20 points. They then won the first qualifier against [[Rajasthan Royals]], whom they would meet again in the final after their qualifier win against [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]. Gujarat won the final by restricting Rajasthan to 130 on a pitch on which they were asked to bowl first, and chasing down the target with 11 balls to spare, which included Shubman Gill hitting the winning six off the first ball of the 19th over. Hardik Pandya was adjudged the Man of the Match for his bowling figures of 3/17 and his 34 from 30 balls with a strike rate of 113.33. Critics have praised Pandya's captaincy, bowling, and batting, with many agreeing that he and the management used their players well and worked as a team to win the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-24 |title=IPL 2022 Final: Gujarat win IPL title in fairytale debut season |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/sports-gallery/ipl-2022-final-gt-vs-rr-gujarat-titans-7942814/ |access-date=2023-06-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

This win meant that Gujarat became the second team to win the IPL in their very first season, the first being their final opponents, Rajasthan Royals. Nevertheless, Gujarat became the first team in the IPL against teams who already have been playing since 2008 to win the title in their very first outing. This win is also Hardik's 5th IPL title, and first as a captain, having won all previous four with the [[Mumbai Indians]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-30 |title=Want to win the World Cup for India: Hardik Pandya |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/122431/want-to-win-the-world-cup-for-india-hardik-pandya |access-date=2023-06-07 |website=Cricbuzz |language=en}}</ref>

==Team identity==
The team anthem used to be 'Aava De'. In the first IPL season, the song was sung by [[Aditya Gadhvi]].

== Home ground ==
The team's home ground is the [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], which is situated in [[Motera]], [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 March 2022 |title=Gujarat Titans to host its inaugural event at World's Largest Cricket Stadium in Ahmedabad on March 13 |work=Times Now |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/gujarat-titans-to-host-its-inaugural-event-at-worlds-largest-cricket-stadium-in-ahmedabad-on-march-13-article-90140931 |access-date=29 May 2022 |archive-date=29 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529181734/https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/gujarat-titans-to-host-its-inaugural-event-at-worlds-largest-cricket-stadium-in-ahmedabad-on-march-13-article-90140931 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Kit manufacturers and sponsors==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Year
!Kit manufacturer
!Shirt sponsor (front)
!Shirt sponsor (back)
!Chest branding
|-
|2022
|rowspan=2|EM
|rowspan=2|[[Ather Energy|Ather]]
|rowspan=2|[[Balkrishna Industries|BKT]]
|rowspan=2|Capri Loans
|-
|2023
|}

== Seasons ==

=== Indian Premier League ===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"|
! '''Year'''
! League standing
! Final standing
|-
! '''[[Gujarat Titans in 2022|2022]]'''
| 1st out of 10
| style="background: gold;"| '''Champions'''
|-
! '''[[Gujarat Titans in 2023|2023]]'''
| 1st out of 10
| style="background: silver;"| '''Runners-up'''
|-
! '''[[Gujarat Titans in 2024|2024]]'''
| TBD
| style="background: white;"| '''TBD'''
|}

==Current squad==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#FFCCCC|<nowiki>*</nowiki>}} denotes a player who is fully unavailable.
* {{color box|border=darkgray|#EEE8AA|<nowiki>*</nowiki>}} denotes a player who will be partially unavailable.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:80%;"
|-
! No.
! Name
! Nationality
! Birth date
! Batting style
! Bowling style
! Signed year
! Salary
! Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batters
|-
| 9 || [[Rahul Tewatia]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1993|5|20|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|9|c}} ||
|-
| 7 || '''[[Shubman Gill]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1999|9|8|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|8|c}} ||
|-
| 10 || '''[[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age|1989|06|10|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 18 || [[Abhinav Manohar]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1994|9|16|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.6|c}} ||
|-
| 23 || [[Sai Sudharsan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|2001|10|15|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-style="background:#FFCCCC"|
| || '''[[Kane Williamson]]''' || {{cr|NZ}} || {{birth date and age|1990|08|8|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2|c}} || Overseas
|-
| || [[Urvil Patel]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1998|10|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || - || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
| || '''[[Dasun Shanaka]]''' || {{cr|SRI}} || {{birth date and age|1991|9|9|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| – || Overseas Replacement for Kane Williamson
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
| 6 || '''[[Wriddhiman Saha]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1984|10|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || - || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.9|c}} ||
|-
| 13 || '''[[Matthew Wade]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age|1987|12|26|df=y}} || Left-handed || - || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.4|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 14|| '''[[K. S. Bharat]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1993|10|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || - || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.2|c}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounder
|-
| 59 || '''[[Vijay Shankar (cricketer)|Vijay Shankar]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1991|1|26|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.4|c}} ||
|-
| 33 || '''[[Hardik Pandya]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1993|10|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|15|c}} || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Spin Bowlers
|-
| 19 || '''[[Rashid Khan]]''' || {{cr|AFG|2013}} || {{birth date and age|1998|09|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|15|c}} || Overseas,
|-
| 1 || [[Ravisrinivasan Sai Kishore]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1996|11|6|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Slow left-arm orthodox|orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3|c}} ||
|-
| 22 || '''[[Jayant Yadav]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1990|1|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off-break]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|1.7|c}} ||
|-
| 15 || '''[[Noor Ahmad]]''' || {{cr|AFG|2013}} || {{birth date and age|2005|1|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Slow left-arm unorthodox|unorthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|30|l}} || Overseas
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Pace Bowlers
|-
| 11 || '''[[Mohammed Shami]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1990|9|3|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|6.25|c}} ||
|-
| 133 || [[Yash Dayal]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1997|12|13|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|3.20|c}} ||
|-
| 8 || '''[[Alzarri Joseph]]''' || {{cr|WIN}} || {{birth date and age|1996|11|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|2.4|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 12 || [[Pradeep Sangwan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1990|11|5|df=y}}|| Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
| 04 || [[Darshan Nalkande]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1998|10|4|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2022 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|20|l}} ||
|-
| || '''[[Shivam Mavi]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1998|11|26|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|6|c}} ||
|-
| 82 || '''[[Josh Little]]''' || {{cr|IRE}} || {{birth date and age|1999|11|1|df=y}}|| Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|4.4|c}} || Overseas
|-
| 27|| '''[[Mohit Sharma]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age|1988|9|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} ||
|-
| || '''[[Odean Smith]]''' || {{cr|WIN}} || {{birth date and age|1996|11|1|df=y}}|| Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;" | 2023 || style="text-align:right;"| {{INRConvert|50|l}} || Overseas
|-
! colspan="9" style="text-align:center;"| Source:[https://www.gujarattitansipl.com/players GT Players]
|}
==Administration and support staff==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
| COO|| Arvinder Singh
|-
| Team manager|| [[Satyajit Parab]]
|-
|Director of cricket|| [[Vikram Solanki]]
|-
|Head coach|| [[Ashish Nehra]]
|-
|Batting coach and mentor|| [[Gary Kirsten]]
|-
|Assistant coach|| [[Aashish Kapoor]]
|-
|Assistant coach|| Naeem Amin
|-
|Assistant coach|| [[Narender Negi]]
|-
|Assistant coach|| [[Mithun Manhas]]
|-
|Head physiotherapist|| Rohit Sawalkar
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align center;"| Source:[https://www.gujarattitansipl.com/players GT Staff]
|}

== Statistics ==

=== Overall results in the IPL ===
''Last updated 22 May 2023''
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Total
!Wins
!Losses
!No result
!Win %
!Position
!Summary
|-
|2022
|16
|12
|4
|0
|75.00%
|1
|Champions
|-
|2023
|17
|11
|6
|0
|64.71%
|2
|Runners-up
|- class="sortbottom"
|'''Total'''
|33
|23
|10
|0
|69.70%
| colspan="2" |
|}

=== By opposition ===
''Last updated 27 May 2023''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Opposition
!Played
!Won
!Lost
!NR
!Win %
|-
|[[Mumbai Indians]]
|4
|2
|2
|0
|50%
|-
|[[Chennai Super Kings]]
|5
|3
|2
|0
|60%
|-
|[[Delhi Capitals]]
|3
|2
|1
|0
|66.66%
|-
|[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|3
|2
|1
|0
|66.66%
|-
|[[Punjab Kings]]
|3
|2
|1
|0
|66.66%
|-
|[[Rajasthan Royals]]
|5
|4
|1
|0
|80%
|-
|[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
|3
|2
|1
|0
|66.66%
|-
|[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|3
|2
|1
|0
|66.66%
|-
|[[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|4
|4
|0
|0
|100%
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.gujarattitansipl.com/ Official website]

{{Indian Premier League}}
{{Gujarat Titans}}
{{Gujarat Titans squad}}

[[Category:Indian Premier League teams]]
[[Category:Cricket in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Sports clubs and teams in India]]
[[Category:Sport in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Sports clubs and teams established in 2021]]
[[Category:2021 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Gujarat Titans| ]]
[[Category:Cricket clubs established in 2021]]

Asafpur, Mainpuri

2023-09-06T22:46:42Z

Raheeljib: Published an influential piece.

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{other uses|Asafpur}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Asafpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.33716|N|79.19495|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mainpuri district|Mainpuri]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bhongaon]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.23
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 455
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 205267
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Asafpur''' ([[Devanagari]]: आसफ़पुर {{IAST|Āsafpur}}) is a village in [[Sultanganj, Mainpuri|Sultanganj]] block of [[Mainpuri district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. As of 2011, it has a population of 455, in 92 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Asafpur had a population of 455, in 92 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|167}} This population was 51.6% male (235) and 48.4% female (220). The 0-6 age group numbered 53 (25 male and 28 female), or 11.6% of the total population. 126 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 27.7% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1259/download/4050/DH_2011_0917_PART_B_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|124-5}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Asafpur as having a population of 328 people, in 60 households.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Mainpuri |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29484/download/32665/28516_1981_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|166-7}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Asafpur as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 243 people (139 male and 104 female), in 50 households and 38 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 306 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (24 - Mainpuri District) |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28772/download/31954/22833_1961_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|xciv}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Asafpur had 1 middle school (but no primary or secondary schools); it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1258/download/4046/DH_2011_0917_PART_A_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|167-72}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mainpuri district}}

[[Category:Villages in Mainpuri district]]

Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1748–1814)

2023-07-28T19:20:31Z

Raheeljib: added sourced content

{{Short description|19th-century ruler of the Emirate of Diriyah (1748–1814}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox royalty
|full name = Saud bin Abdulaziz bin Muhammad bin Saud
|succession = [[Emirate of Diriyah|Emir and Imam of Diriyah]]
|reign = 1803{{Snd}} 1814
|predecessor = [[Abdulaziz bin Muhammad Al Saud]]
|successor = [[Abdullah bin Saud Al Saud]]
| father = Abdulaziz bin Muhammad
| house = [[House of Saud|Al Saud]]
|birth_date = 1748
|birth_place = [[Diriyah]], Emirate of Diriyah
|death_date = 27 April {{death year and age|1814|1748}}
|death_place = Diriyah, Emirate of Diriyah
| issue = {{Collapsible list|state=collapsed|
{{ubl|[[Abdullah bin Saud|Abdullah]]|Turki|Nasser|Saad|Mishari|[[Khalid bin Saud Al Saud (1811–1865)|Khalid]]}}}}
}}
'''Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud''' ({{lang-ar|سعود بن عبد العزيز بن محمد بن سعود|Saʿūd ibn ʿAbd al ʿAzīz ibn Muḥammad ibn Saʿūd}}; 1748 – 27 April 1814) ruled the [[First Saudi State]] from 1803 to 1814.<ref name=pak9>{{cite thesis|author=Parvaiz Ahmad Khanday|title=A Critical Analysis of the Religio-Political Conditions of Modern Saudi|location=Aligarh Muslim University|degree=PhD|url=http://ir.amu.ac.in/6467/1/T%207405.pdf|year=2009|page=37}}</ref> Saud annexed Mecca and Medina from the [[Ottoman Empire]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Sayed Khatab|year=2011|title=Understanding Islamic Fundamentalism: The Theological and Ideological Basis of Al-Qa'ida's Political Tactics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KBYnDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA74|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|isbn=9789774164996|location=Cairo; New York|page=74}}</ref> making him the first Al Saud ruler who received the title of the [[Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques|servant of the Two Holy Cities]].<ref name=bak97/> During his rule the state experienced a significant level of strength and expansion for which he was called Saud Al Kabeer or Saud the Great.<ref name=nawaf/><ref name=mmel/>

==Early life==
Saud was born in Diriyah in 1748.<ref name=gss84/><ref name=albees>{{cite thesis|author=Saeed 'Amr M. Al-'Amr Al-Beeshi|title=The Social and Political History of the Western Coast of the Gulf, 1207-1256/1793-1840|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2217103618|pages=59,68|isbn=978-1-392-10160-5|location=University of Manchester|degree=PhD|id={{ProQuest|2217103618}}|year=1994}}</ref> He was the eldest son of [[Abdulaziz bin Muhammad Al Saud|Abdulaziz bin Muhammad]].<ref>{{cite thesis|author=Charles F. Balka|title=The Fate of Saudi Arabia: Regime Evolution in the Saudi Monarchy|url=https://calhoun.nps.edu/handle/10945/3805|location=Naval Postgraduate School|date=December 2008|page=16|degree=MA|hdl=10945/3805}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis|author=Abdullah M. Zaid|title=A practical critique of contemporary Arabian civilization|degree=PhD|location=University of Oklahoma|year=1972|page=22|hdl=11244/3480|url=https://shareok.org/bitstream/handle/11244/3480/7315339.PDF?sequence=1}}</ref> The mother of Saud was a daughter of Uthman bin Mu'ammar, ruler of [['Uyayna|Uyaina]].<ref>{{Cite book|year=2010|isbn=978-0-8160-7876-9|author=James Wynbrandt|page=120
|publisher=Facts on File|location=New York|title=A Brief History of Saudi Arabia|archive-date=26 May 2021|url=https://www.booksfree.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/James_Wynbrandt_Fawaz_A._Gerges_A_Brief_HistoryBookFi.org_.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526163714/https://www.booksfree.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/James_Wynbrandt_Fawaz_A._Gerges_A_Brief_HistoryBookFi.org_.pdf}}</ref>

Saud's succession was decided and announced in 1787.<ref name=pak9/><ref name=bak97>{{cite thesis|author=Bilal Ahmad Kutty|title=Saudi Arabia under King Faisal|degree=PhD|year=1997|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/144512812.pdf|location=Aligarh Muslim University|pages=29–30}}</ref> [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab|Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab]], religious leader of the state, asked people to express their allegiance to him as heir apparent.<ref name=cole23>{{cite book|author1=Cole M. Bunzel|title=Wahhābism: The History of a Militant Islamic Movement|year=2023|page=209
|doi=10.1515/9780691241609|url=https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691241609|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|location=Princeton, NJ; Oxford
|isbn=9780691241609}}</ref> It was Abdul Wahhab's last significant function in affairs of state.<ref name=cole23/> From early age Saud began to act as the chief military commander of the Emirate together with his uncle, [[Abdullah bin Muhammad Al Saud|Abdullah bin Muhammad]], who was the father of [[Turki bin Abdullah bin Muhammad Al Saud|Turki bin Abdullah]], the founder of the [[Emirate of Nejd]] or the Second Saudi State.<ref name=gss84>{{cite thesis|author=Gary Samuel Samore|title=Royal Family Politics in Saudi Arabia (1953-1982)|location=Harvard University|page=19
|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/303295482|year=1984|degree=PhD|id={{ProQuest|303295482}}|isbn=9798641924397}}</ref> Saud led the forces of the Emirate in 1789 and conquered [[Al-Ahsa Oasis|Al Hasa region]] defeating the army of the [[Bani Khalid Emirate]] who had been the ruler of the region.<ref name=sani>{{cite thesis|author=Sani Ali Bashir|title=A study of Al Khalifah's rule in Bahrain, 1783-1820|location=McGill University
|url=https://archive.org/details/a-study-of-al-khalifahs-rule-in-bahrain-1783-1820|pages=12–13|degree=MA|year=1979}}</ref> Although the rule of Bani Khalid Emir, Abdul Muhsin bin Abdullah Al Hamid, was ended by them, the Emirate could not completely capture the eastern Arabia.<ref name=sani/> When Abdul Muhsin was killed by his tribe members in 1791, Saud again attacked them and won a victory eliminating the dominance of Bani Khalid in the region in 1792.<ref name=albees/><ref name=sani/>

In April 1802 Saud led an army with 12,000 Wahhabis and attacked [[Karbala]] destroying the tomb of [[Imam Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain bin Ali]], a grandson of [[Prophet Muhammad]].<ref name=abdulw>{{cite thesis|author=Abdul Wahap Saleh Babeair|title=Ottoman Penetration of the Eastern Region of the Arabian Peninsula, 1814-1841|location=Indiana University|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/303386071|degree=PhD|year=1985|pages=24,36,67–68|isbn=979-8-204-34728-1|id={{ProQuest|303386071}}}}</ref> In addition, they stole valuable materials in the tomb and killed the inhabitants of the city.<ref name=abdulw/> Following the incident Saud sent a message to the [[Ottoman Iraq|Ottoman governor in Iraq]] stating: "As for your statement that we seized Karbala, slaughtered its people, and took their possessions — praise belongs to God, Lord of the Worlds! We make no apology for that, and we say: 'And like catastrophes await the unbelievers' [Quran 47:10]."<ref>{{cite web|author=Cole Bunzel|title=The Kingdom and the Caliphate. Duel of the Islamic States|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|access-date=9 January 2022|date=February 2016
|pages=6–7|url=https://carnegieendowment.org/2016/02/18/kingdom-and-caliphate-duel-of-islamic-states-pub-62810}}</ref>

==Reign==
The reign of Saud bin Abdulaziz began in 1803. Upon his accession to the throne he held the titles of both Emir and Imam like his father.<ref>{{cite thesis|author=Alejandra Galindo Marines|title=The relationship between the ulama and the government in the contemporary Saudi Arabian Kingdom: an interdependent relationship?|location=Durham University|url=http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3989/1/3989_1506.pdf?UkUDh:CyT|degree=PhD
|year=2001}}</ref>

Saud's reign was a period of religious cleansing in Arabia and in nearby regions.<ref name=shaf/><ref name=fandy>{{cite thesis|author=Mamoun Hamza Fandy|title=State Islam and state violence: The case of Saudi Arabia|pages=69–70|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/304092255|year=1993
|degree=PhD|location=Southern Illinois University at Carbondale|id={{ProQuest|304092255}}|isbn=979-8-208-43297-6}}</ref> He continued to attack on shrines in Iraq, and Basra was blockaded by his forces for twelve days.<ref name=mza/> The Emirate extended its rule beyond Najd and into the Hijaz which culminated with the capture of Medina in April 1804<ref>{{cite thesis|author=Jerald L. Thompson|title=H. St. John Philby, Ibn Saud and Palestine|location=University of Kansas|degree=MA|date=December 1981|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA111290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324065359/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA111290|url-status=live|archive-date=24 March 2022}}</ref> and Mecca in 1806.<ref name=shaf>{{cite thesis|author=Shazia Farhat|title=Exploring the Perspectives of the Saudi State's Destruction of Holy Sites: Justifications and Motivations|year=2018|url=https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/42004034|location=Harvard Extension School|degree=Master of Liberal Arts}}</ref> In addition to capturing Hijaz he managed to strengthen his authority there.<ref name=mza>{{cite thesis|author=Mohamed Zayyan Aljazairi|title=Diplomatic history of Saudi Arabia, 1903-1960's|location=The University of Arizona|page=3|degree=MA|hdl=10150/318068
|url=https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/318068|year=1968}}</ref> Furthermore, Bahrain and Oman were annexed to the Emirate, and Saud exerted his influence in Yemen.<ref name=mza/> In 1805 Saud's supremacy was also recognized by the rulers of [[Qawasim]] and [[Muscat]], and Saud managed to capture a part of Oman.<ref name=abdulw/> The same year he also annexed the [[Buraimi Oasis]].<ref name=abdulw/>

Saud's forces transformed the [[Kaaba]] in Mecca and destroyed the tombs of numerous religious figures in Medina in accordance with [[Wahhabi]] theology.<ref name=shaf/> Due to the differences between Saud and the Ottomans in terms of the interpretation of Islam Saud ordered not to mention the name of the [[Ottoman sultan]] in [[Friday prayers]] in Mecca.<ref name=emine>{{cite journal|author=Emine Ö. Evered|title=Rereading Ottoman Accounts of Wahhabism as Alternative Narratives: Ahmed Cevdet Paşa's Historical Survey of the Movement|journal=Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East|year=2012|volume=32|issue=3|pages=622–632|doi=10.1215/1089201X-1891615|s2cid=144063808 }}</ref> Following the capture of Mecca he sent a letter to Ottoman Sultan [[Selim III]], inviting him to follow the Wahhabi theology.<ref name=emine/> In the same letter he declared that he had captured Mecca and destroyed all tombs there and that he would not let people from Damascus and Cairo to visit Mecca "with the [[Mahmal]] and with trumpet and drums."<ref>{{cite book|author=Jacob Goldberg|title=The Foreign Policy of Saudi Arabia. The Formative Years|year=1986|isbn=9780674281844|doi=10.4159/harvard.9780674281844.c1|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, MA
|url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.4159/harvard.9780674281844.c1/html|page=11-12}}</ref>

In 1807 Saud did not permit pilgrims from Egypt, Syria and Istanbul to enter Hijaz and expelled Turkish soldiers and settlers from Mecca.<ref name=mza/><ref>{{cite book|author=Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim|editor=M. Daly|title=The Cambridge History of Egypt|year=1998|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=9781139053341|page=199|chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521472111.009|chapter=The Egyptian Empire, 1805-1848|doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521472111.009}}</ref> Such religious transformations did not sit well with other Muslims, and many other Muslims found his actions to be extreme, and were stunned that the holy cities had been taken so easily. The Ottoman Empire did not want to relent control over the cities to local tribesmen. The Ottomans could not retake the cities on their own though as the bulk of their forces were tied up in Europe. [[Mehemet Ali|Muhammad Ali]], the viceroy of Egypt, was assigned to recapture the Arabian territories in 1809.<ref name=shaf/><ref>{{cite thesis|author=Mohammed Ameen|title=A Study of Egyptian Rule in Eastern Arabia (1814-1841)|url=https://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.item?id=TC-QMM-52480&op=pdf&app=Library&oclc_number=891205897|location=McGill University|page=33|degree=MA|date=March 1981|oclc=891205897}}</ref> One of his sons, commanding the Egyptian troops, succeeded in re-conquering Hijaz in 1813.<ref name=emine/>

==Personal life and death==
Saud had a very different personality than his father, who was a deeply religious figure.<ref name=nawaf>{{cite thesis|author=Nawaf bin Ayyaf Almogren|title=Diriyah Narrated by Its Built Environment: The Story of the First Saudi State (1744-1818)|location=MIT|year=2020
|url=https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/127856|hdl=1721.1/127856|degree=MS}}</ref> He was interested in material side of the rule.<ref name=nawaf/> However, like his grandfather and father he dressed in a plain way, and his armaments were not decorated unlike those of the [[Mamluk Sultanate|Mamluk]] and [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman rulers]].<ref name=mmel>{{cite thesis|author=Mohamed Mohamed El Amrousi|title=Beyond Muslim space: Jeddah, Muscat, Aden and Port Said|degree=PhD|year=2001|isbn=978-0-493-48568-3|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/304688724
|location=UCLA|id={{ProQuest|304688724}}|pages=24,46}}</ref> He died in Diriyya on 27 April 1814<ref name=abdulw/> due to fever and was succeeded by his eldest son [[Abdullah bin Saud|Abdullah]].<ref name=pak9/><ref>{{cite book|author=Nadav Safran|title=Saudi Arabia: The Ceaseless Quest for Security|date=2018|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/2157431|publisher=Cornell University Press|page=13|location=Ithaca, NY; London|author-link=Nadav Safran|isbn=9780674789852}}</ref>

Saud's other sons included Mishari, Turki, Nasser and Saad.<ref>{{cite thesis|author=Zamil Muhammad Al Rashid|title=A Study of Su'udi Relations with Eastern Arabia and 'Uman (1800-1971)|location=McGill University|year=1980|page=184|url=https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/5138jj559
|degree=MA}}</ref> His youngest son, [[Khalid bin Saud Al Saud (1811–1865)|Khalid]], ruled the [[Emirate of Nejd]] or the Second Saudi State from 1838 to 1841 with the support of the Ottomans.<ref>{{cite web|author=Roby C. Barrett|title=Saudi Arabia: Modernity, Stability, and the Twenty-First Century Monarchy|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA620023|publisher=Joint Special Operations University
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429094416/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA620023|url-status=live|archive-date=29 April 2022|format=Report|date=June 2015|page=22}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=R. Bayly Winder|title=Saudi Arabia in the Nineteenth Century|year=1965
|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9780333055410|page=108|doi=10.1007/978-1-349-81723-8|location=London
|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-349-81723-8}}</ref> Three of Saud's sons were killed in the siege of Diriyah by [[Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt|Ibrahim Pasha]], who also arrested Saud's successor, Abdullah bin Saud.<ref name=matas>{{cite thesis|author=Mashaal Abdullah Turki Al Saud
|year=1982|title=Permanence and Change: An Analysis of the Islamic Political Culture of Saudi Arabia with Special Reference to the Royal Family
|degree=PhD|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/303215917|location=The Claremont Graduate University|id={{ProQuest|303215917}}|isbn=979-8-204-29112-6}}</ref> Mishari bin Saud returned to Diriyah in 1819 and attempted to establish his rule, but Mohammed bin Mishari bin Muammar who began to rule the region after the collapse of the Emirate imprisoned him.<ref name=matas/>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/misc/uncomfortable-contradictions.htm Uncomfortable Contradictions - The Hidden Problem Within Modern Salafism in Relation to Takfir]

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box | before=[[Abdulaziz bin Muhammad Al Saud]] | title=Emir and Imam of [[First Saudi State]] | after=[[Abdullah bin Saud Al Saud]] | years=1803–1814}}
{{S-end}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saud, Saud Abdulaziz}}
[[Category:19th-century monarchs in the Middle East]]
[[Category:1748 births]]
[[Category:1814 deaths]]
[[Category:Arabs from the Ottoman Empire|Saud]]
[[Category:House of Saud|Saud]]
[[Category:People of the Wahhabi War]]
[[Category:Saudi Arabian Wahhabists]]

Zee ETC Bollywood

2022-10-22T04:52:29Z

Raheeljib:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Zee ETC Bollywood
| logo = ZeeETCBollywoodLogo.png
| logo_alt =
| logo_size = 170px
| launch_date = {{Launch date and age|1999|09|11|df=y}}
| closed_date = {{end date and age|2020|10|17|df=y}}
| picture_format = [[576i]] [[SDTV]] [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]
| owner = [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]]
| headquarters = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]]
| area = Worldwide
| sister_channels = [[Zee Live]], [[Zee Tv]]
| website = [http://www.etc.in/ www.etc.in]
}}

'''Zee ETC Bollywood Channel''' was a Bollywood trade television channel. The channel caters to audiences in the Asia Pacific region and has shows that are hosted in English and [[Hindi]]. The channel features reviews, previews, box office collections, details of new and upcoming releases, trade speculations of [[Hindi]] films. Talks with [[Bollywood]] actors, trade pundits, directors, producers, distributors and film marketers etc. give audiences the insights about a particular film from a business perspective. Well known film critic, Komal Nahta stepped into film critic Taran Adarsh's shoes as a host of one of the most prominent shows of the channel,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://media247.co.uk/bizasia/newsarchive/2010/04/komal_nahta_con.php|title=Komal Nahta confirmed as new host for ZEE show|publisher=Biz Asia|date=26 April 2010|access-date=16 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125120038/http://media247.co.uk/bizasia/newsarchive/2010/04/komal_nahta_con.php|archive-date=25 November 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> B Biz Reviews in April 2010.

'''ETC''' is an [[India]]-based satellite television channel based in [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etc.in/|title=Contact Us – ETC Bollywood Business |publisher=etc.in |access-date=22 March 2012}}</ref> ETC was a 24-hour Indian Music Channel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ekikrat.in/ETC_Channel|title=About ETC Channel|publisher=ekikrat.in|date=7 August 2008}}</ref>

'''ZEEL India''' decided to close the broadcast operations of '''ZEE ETC BOLLYWOOD''' from 17 October 2020 at 12:00 M.N. onwards from all leading DTH & MSO platforms. ZETC Will Be continue the IPTV Providers In the U.S.{{fact|date=July 2022}}

==Network slogans==
* 'ETC Pe Fit Toh Picture Hit’
* 'The Business of Bollywood’

==References==
<references />
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1999]]
[[Category:Television stations in Mumbai]]
[[Category:1999 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Defunct television channels in India]]
[[Category:Zee Entertainment Enterprises]]

Centenarian

2022-08-27T00:10:47Z

Raheeljib:

{{short description|Person who lives to or beyond the age of 100 years}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
[[File:Mjalexander centenarians.jpg|thumb|right|[[M.J. Alexander|Mary Jane Alexander]]'s portraits of centenarians in the Tulsa World Gallery at the Oklahoma Heritage Associations]]
A '''centenarian''' is a [[Human|person]] who has [[Ageing|reached the age]] of 100 years. Because [[life expectancy|life expectancies]] worldwide are below 100, the term is invariably associated with [[longevity]]. The [[United Nations]] in 2012 estimated that there were 316,600 living centenarians worldwide.<ref name="WORLD2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/publications/2012/UNFPA-Report-Chapter1.pdf|title=Chapter 1: Setting the Scene|year=2012|publisher=UNFPA|access-date=11 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612052543/http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/publications/2012/UNFPA-Report-Chapter1.pdf|archive-date=12 June 2013}}</ref>

As [[world population]] and life expectancy continue to increase, the number of centenarians is expected to increase substantially in the twenty-first century.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/1977733.stm|title=Life expectancy to soar|work=BBC News}}</ref> According to the [[Office for National Statistics|Office of National Statistics]] in the United Kingdom, one-third of babies born in the country in 2013 are expected to live to 100.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/lifetables/historic-and-projected-data-from-the-period-and-cohort-life-tables/2012-based/sty-babies-living-to-100.html|title=[Archived Content] One third of babies born in 2013 are expected to live to 100|publisher=ONS|access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref>

The United Nations estimates that currently there are 573,000 centenarians, almost quadruple the estimate of 151,000 made in 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|website=population.un.org|access-date=19 February 2020}}</ref> According to a 1998 United Nations demographic survey, Japan is expected to have 272,000 centenarians by 2050;<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.un.org/NewLinks/older/99/older.htm |title= Demographics of older persons |publisher=UN |access-date=4 November 2010}}</ref> other sources suggest that the number could be closer to 1 million.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7612363.stm |title= Japan centenarians at record high |work= BBC News |access-date=4 November 2010}}</ref> The incidence of centenarians in Japan was one per 3,522 people in 2008.<ref>[http://www.avmaroc.com/pdf/centenaires-japon-actualite-a140600-d.pdf ''De plus en plus de centenaires au Japon'' (PDF)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927131702/http://www.avmaroc.com/pdf/centenaires-japon-actualite-a140600-d.pdf }}. Agence France Presse via Avmaroc.com. 12 September 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2013.</ref>

In Japan, the number of centenarians is highly skewed towards females. Japan in fiscal year 2016 had 57,525 female centenarians, while there were 8,167 males, a ratio of 7:1. The increase of centenarians was even more skewed at 11.6:1.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/09/13/national/aging-japan-now-65692-centenarians/ |title= Aging Japan now has 65692 centenarians |access-date= 22 April 2017 |work= The Japan Times}}</ref>

== Worldwide incidence by country ==
The total number of centenarians in the world is uncertain. The [https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/ Population Division] of the United Nations estimated that there were 23,000 in 1950, 110,000 in 1990, 150,000 in 1995, 209,000 in 2000, 324,000 in 2005,<ref>[http://esa.un.org/unpp "World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision"] {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071216015218/http://esa.un.org/unpp/ }}. United Nations. Retrieved 24 February 2013.</ref> 455,000 in 2009<ref name=UN1002009>[https://healthprep.com/aging/#WPA2009-report.pdf "World Population Ageing 2009"]. (PDF) ST/ESA/SER.A/295. Population Division – Department of Economic and Social Affairs. United Nations. October 2010. p.27.</ref> and 573,000 in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title=Infographic: Is 100 the New 80?: Centenarians Are Becoming More Common|url=https://www.statista.com/chart/18826/number-of-hundred-year-olds-centenarians-worldwide/|access-date=3 August 2021|website=Statista Infographics|language=en}}</ref> However, these older estimates did not take into account downward adjustments of national estimates made by several countries such as the United States. The UN estimated in 2012, as a result of these adjustments, that there were only 316,600 centenarians worldwide.<ref name=WORLD2012/> The following table gives estimated centenarian populations by country, including both the latest and the earliest known estimates, where available.
[[File:The chances of, in 2013, surviving to age 100.png|thumb|Chances of surviving to age 100 in the UK in 2013|upright]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Country !! data-sort-type="number" |Latest estimate (year) !! data-sort-type="number" | Earliest estimate (year) !! data-sort-type="number" | Centenarians per 100,000 people
|-
|[[Andorra]]|| 7 (2002)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://medlem.spray.se/celvin/infostat_AD.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530183757/http://medlem.spray.se/celvin/infostat_AD.html |archive-date=30 May 2004 |title=Andorra |year=2002 |website=Celvin Ruisdael |access-date=22 April 2013}}{{rs}}</ref> || – || 10.2
|-
|[[Argentina]]|| 15,491 (2020)<ref>{{cite web |title=La avanzada centenaria: hay más de 15 mil mayores de cien años en el país y podrían ser el triple en 2040 |url=https://www.clarin.com/sociedad/avanzada-centenaria-15-mil-mayores-cien-anos-pais-podrian-triple-2040_0_NPhPb8Ac.html |website=www.clarin.com |access-date=24 June 2021 |language=es }}</ref> || 234 (1869);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.estadistica.ec.gba.gov.ar/dpe/Estadistica/censos/C1869-TU.pdf|title=Primer Censo de la República Argentina (1869)|page=29|work=Imprenta El Porvenir}}</ref> 863 (1947)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dybsets/1955%20DYB.pdf|title=Demographic Yearbook: 1955|page=554|work=Statistical Office of the [[United Nations]]}}</ref> || 34.4
|-
|[[Australia]]|| 8,262 (2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/latest-release#data-downloads-data-cubes|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|title =Home >Statistics>People Population National, state and territory population >September 2021> Data downloads - data cubes>Population by age and sex - national>Tabel8 Estimated resident population, by age and sex–at 30 June 2021|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref>||{{Hs|1901}}50 (1901) || 32.1
|-
|[[Austria]]|| 1,686 (2022)<ref>[http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstruktur/bevoelkerung_nach_alter_geschlecht/index.html Austrian Demographics] retrieved 1 October 2014</ref>||232 (1990),<ref name="Jeune">{{cite web|title=In Search of the First Centenarians|url=http://www.demogr.mpg.de/Papers/Books/Monograph2/search.htm|access-date=20 April 2013|author=Jeune, B.|publisher=Demogr.mpg.de}}</ref> {{Hs|1960}}25 (1960)<ref name="Jeune" />|| 18.8
|-
|[[Barbados]]|| 114 (2016)<ref>Nationnews [https://www.nationnews.com/nationnews/news/81655/barbados-home-100-centenarians « Barbados home to over 100 centenarians »]</ref><ref>[https://centenariansofbarbados.com CentenariansofBarbados.com], [[Government of Barbados]]</ref>|| –|| 39.9
|-
|[[Belgium]]|| 2,163 (2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bestat.statbel.fgov.be/bestat/crosstable.xhtml?view=bd99d3d7-5019-44f7-991e-050a9d991641|title=Statbel>Thèmes>Population>Structure de la population>Population par lieu de résidence, nationalité (Belge/non-Belge), état civil, âge et sexe (Statbel>Themes>Population>Population structure>Population by place of residence, nationality (Belgian/non-Belgian), marital status, age and sex)|website=Statbel|publisher=[[:w:Statistics Belgium]]|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref>||{{Hs|1950}}23 (1950)<ref name="Herm">{{cite web|url=http://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vaerak/050_vaerak_tau_205.px/?rxid=35ef5690-566a-4ca8-980b-1b27d5145ce3|title=Population Statistics|publisher=|pages=19–25 [20]|work=Asian Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics|access-date=8 March 2013|author1=Herm, A.|author2=Cheung, S.L.K.|author3=Poulain, M.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108052251/http://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vaerak/050_vaerak_tau_205.px/?rxid=35ef5690-566a-4ca8-980b-1b27d5145ce3|archive-date=8 November 2016}}</ref>|| 18.8
|-
|[[Brazil]]|| 23,760 (2010)<ref name="Herm" /> || – || 12.5
|-
|[[Bulgaria]]|| 325 (2021)<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nsi.bg/bg/content/2977/население-по-статистически-райони-възраст-местоживеене-и-пол|title= Население по статистически райони, възраст, местоживеене и пол|language=bg|publisher=National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria|access-date=11 August 2022}}</ref> || 233 (2010) || 4.8
|-
|[[Cambodia]]|| 3,143 (2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rasmeinews.com/archives/529869 |title=ស្ថិតិរបស់ក្រសួងផែនការៈ ប្រជាជនកម្ពុជាដែលមានអាយុ ១០០ឆ្នាំឡើងមានជាង ៣០០០នាក់ |publisher=Rasmei News |language=km|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref> || – || 20.2
|-
|[[Canada]]|| 12,822 (2021)<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000501|title=Population estimates on July 1st, by age and sex|website=[[Statistics Canada]]|doi=10.25318/1710000501-eng|access-date=21 March 2022|author1=Statistics Canada }}</ref>|| – || 33.5
|-
|[[China]]||54,166 (2013)<ref>{{Cite news|title=Top 10 national longevity announced: over 50,000 elderly people over 100 years old(中国の長寿者トップ10発表百歳以上の高齢者5万人超)|newspaper=[[People's Daily]] Japanese|language=ja|url=http://j.people.com.cn/94475/8428621.html|access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref> ||{{Hs|1990}}4,469 (1990),<ref name="Herm" /> 17,800 (2007)<ref>Lee, Sharon. [http://english.rednet.cn/c/2007/12/20/1400517.htm "17.8 thousand centenarians in China".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081501/http://english.rednet.cn/c/2007/12/20/1400517.htm }} Rednet.cn. 30 December 2007. Retrieved 20 April 2013.</ref>|| 4.0
|-
|[[Czech Republic]]||845 (2020)<ref>{{cite web|author=[[:w:Český statistický úřad]]((Czech Statistical Office)|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/age-distribution-of-the-population-2020|title =Home>We publish>Catalogue of Products >Age Distribution of the Population - 2020>Population by age as of 31 December 2020|format=Excel|access-date=26 March 2022}}</ref> ||{{Hs|2006}}404 (2006)<ref>''Prague Daily Monitor''. [http://praguemonitor.com/2011/10/14/number-centenarians-rising-czech-republic "Number of centenarians rising in Czech Republic"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217212613/http://praguemonitor.com/2011/10/14/number-centenarians-rising-czech-republic }}. 14 October 2011 (against 404 in November 2006: Horaova, Pavla. [http://www.radio.cz/en/article/85314 "Number of Centenarians Rising as Population Ageing Continues"]. Radio Praha. 15 November 2006).</ref> || 7.9
|-
|[[Denmark]]|| 1,220 (2022)<ref>{{cite web|author =[[Statistics Sweden]] (SCB)|url=https://www.statbank.dk/statbank5a/selectvarval/define.asp?PLanguage=1&subword=tabsel&MainTable=FOLK1A&PXSId=199114&tablestyle=&ST=SD&buttons=0|title=People>FOLK1A: Population at the first day of the quarter by region, sex, age and marital status|format=Excel|access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref> ||32 (1941)<ref name="Robine et.al">{{cite journal|author1=Robine, Jean-Marie |author2=Caselli, Graziella|title=An unprecedented increase in the number of centenarians|journal=Genus|volume=61|issue=1|pages=57–82|jstor=29788836}}</ref> || 20.8
|-
|[[Estonia]]|| 154 (2021)<ref name="Eurostat">{{cite web|author=Eurostat|author-link=Eurostat|url=https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do|title=Population on 1 January by age and sex|access-date=3 April 2022}}</ref>||42 (1990)<ref name="Jeune" /> || 11.6
|-
|[[Finland]]|| 1,038 (2020)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11s3.px/table/tableViewLayout1/|title=Population 31.12. by Year, Area, Urban-rural classification, Sex, Information and Age|newspaper=Statistics Finland's PxWeb databases|access-date=26 March 2022}}</ref> ||{{Hs|1960}}11 (1960)<ref name="Jeune" />|| 18.8
|-
|[[France]]|| 25,961 (2021)<ref name="Population totale">{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6038698?sommaire=6036447|title=Bilan démographique 2021>Pyramides des âges>au 1er janvier 2021（Demographic report 2021>Age pyramids>as of January 1, 2021）|publisher=L'Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques]]（[[INSEE|フランス国立統計経済研究所]]）|format=Excel|access-date=21 March 2022 }}</ref>||{{Hs|1900}}100 (1900)<ref>INED [http://www.ined.fr/fr/pop_chiffres/france/structure_population/nombre_centenaires/ « Nombre de centenaires. Evolution et projection »]; [http://www.ined.fr/fr/pop_chiffres/france/structure_population/nombre_centenaires/bdd/export/1/para/34618/ data] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530143455/http://www.ined.fr/fr/pop_chiffres/france/structure_population/nombre_centenaires/bdd/export/1/para/34618}}</ref>|| 38.4<ref>Insee [https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2496218 21 000 centenaires en 2016 en France, 270 000 en 2070 ?"], January 2016.</ref>
|-
|[[Germany]]||23,513 (2021)<ref>[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/Zahl-der-Woche/2022/PD22_28_p002.html ''Zahl der mindestens Hundertjährigen im Jahr 2021 auf neuem Höchststand.''] destatis.de, 12. Juli 2022</ref>||{{Hs|1885}}232 (1885)<ref>{{cite news|author=[ Displaying Abstract ] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1887/05/01/archives/centenarians-in-germany.html |title=Centenarians in Germany |work=The New York Times |access-date=4 November 2010}}</ref> || 28.2
|-
|[[Hungary]]||3,363 (2021)<ref name="Eurostat" />||{{Hs|1949}}76 (1949), 227 (1990)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ksh.hu/interaktiv/mstat2015/grafikonok.html |title=Magyar statisztikai évkönyv, 2015 – Grafikonok |publisher=Ksh.hu |access-date=27 July 2017}}</ref>||34.6
|-
|[[Iceland]]|| 43 (2021)<ref name="Eurostat" /><ref>[http://hagstofa.is/?PageID=2593&src=https://rannsokn.hagstofa.is/pxis/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=MAN00101%26ti=Mannfj%F6ldi+eftir+kyni+og+aldri+1841%2D2015++++++%26path=../Database/mannfjoldi/Yfirlit/%26lang=3%26units=Fj%F6ldi "Mannfjöldi eftir kyni og aldri 1841-2015"]. Hagstofa Íslands. 21 March 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2015.</ref> ||{{Hs|1960}}3 (1960)<ref name="Jeune" />|| 11.7
|-
|[[India]]|| 27,000 (2015)<ref name=PEW16>[http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/21/worlds-centenarian-population-projected-to-grow-eightfold-by-2050/ PEW: World's centenarian population projected to grow eightfold by 2050] Retrieved 22 April 2016.</ref> || –|| 2.1
|-
|[[Ireland]]|| 2,179 (2021)<ref name="Eurostat" /> || 87 (1990)<ref name="Jeune" /> || 8.5
|-
|[[Israel]]|| 3,061 (2017)<ref>[https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/documents/DYB2018/table07.pdf "Population by age, sex and urban/rural residence: latest available year, 2009-2018"] Retrieved 29 August
2020.</ref> || –|| 35.1
|-
|[[Italy]]|| 19,095 (2021)<ref>{{cite web|title=Popolazione residente al 1° Gennaio 2021 per sesso, età e stato civile (n)Italia（Resident population as of 1 January 2021 by sex, age and marital status (n) Italy）|url=https://demo.istat.it/popres/index.php?anno=2021&lingua=ita|website=demo.istat.it|access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref>||{{Hs|1872}}99 (1872)<ref name="Robine et.al" />|| 29.0
|-
|[[Japan]]|| 90,526 (2022)<ref name=Japan100+>{{cite press release|title=Congratulatory letter and presentation of souvenirs to 100-year-old seniors:45,141 hundred-year-olds were awarded（百歳の高齢者へのお祝い状及び記念品の贈呈について:百歳高齢者表彰の対象者は45,141人）|publisher=[[Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare]]|url=https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/newpage_28032.html|access-date=17 September 2022}}</ref>||81 (1884),<ref>{{Citation|author=Cabinet Statistics Bureau(内閣統計局)|author-link=Statistics Bureau (Japan)|title=III. Population 19. Registered domicile population by age and gender age by 5 years old (nationwide)(III. 人口 19.本籍人口年齢大別及男女年齢五歳階級別（全国）)|publisher=Tokyo Statistics Association(東京統計協会)|series=Japan Empire Statistical Yearbook(日本帝国統計年鑑)|volume=33|page=36|url=https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/2216954/36|doi=10.11501/2216954}}</ref> 105 (1930),<ref name="Demographic data collection">{{cite web|url=https://www.ipss.go.jp/syoushika/tohkei/Popular/P_Detail2021.asp?fname=T02-01.htm|title=Demographic data collection in 2021(人口統計資料集(2021))|access-date=12 February 2022|publisher=[[National Institute of Population and Social Security Research]](国立社会保障・人口問題研究所)}}</ref> 97 (1950),<ref name="Demographic data collection" /> 155 (1960),<ref>Kannisto, Väinö (1994). [http://www.demogr.mpg.de/papers/Books/Monograph1/start.html "Development of Oldest-Old Mortality, 1950–1990: Evidence from 28 Developed Countries"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728011547/http://www.demogr.mpg.de/papers/Books/Monograph1/start.html }}. ''Monographs on Population Aging''. No.1. Odense University Press: Odense, Denmark. 108 pp. Updated 1 February 1999. [http://www.demogr.mpg.de/papers/Books/Monograph1/table5.html Table5]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728011630/http://www.demogr.mpg.de/papers/Books/Monograph1/table5.html }}</ref> 54,397 (2013)<ref name="Japan2012">{{cite news|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/09/13/national/centenarians-set-to-hit-record-high-of-54397/#.VAWQpcWSyCk|title=Centenarians set to hit record high of 54,397|access-date=2 September 2014|location=London|first=Justin|last=McCurry}}</ref>|| 72.1
|-
|[[Malaysia]]|| 43,599 (2015)<ref name=TheStar>[https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/11/03/parliament-40000-centenarians-in-malaysia/ Over 40,000 centenarians in Malaysia] Retrieved 6 December 2021.</ref> || –|| 134.68
|-
|[[Mexico]]|| 18,295 (2020)<ref>{{cite web|website=[[National Institute of Statistics and Geography|Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia]] |url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/tabulados/interactivos/?pxq=Poblacion_Poblacion_01_e60cd8cf-927f-4b94-823e-972457a12d4b&idrt=123&opc=t |title=Población total por entidad federativa y grupo quinquenal de edad según sexo, serie de años censales de 1990 a 2020 |access-date=27 March 2022 |language=es}}</ref>||{{Hs|1990}}2,403 (1990) || 14.5
|-
|[[Netherlands]]|| 2,189 (2019)<ref>{{Cite press release|title=Over 2 thousand centenarians in the Netherlands|publisher=[[:de:Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek|Statistics Netherlands (CBS)]]|url=https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2019/24/over-2-thousand-centenarians-in-the-netherlands|access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref>||{{Hs|1830}}18 (1830)<ref>[http://www.volkstellingen.nl/nl/volkstelling/imageview/VT183001B/index.html 1830 Census] (in Dutch). Volkstellingen.nl. Retrieved 26 July 2013.</ref>|| 10.4
|-
|[[New Zealand]]|| 297 (1991)<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Wilkinson | first1 = T. J.
| last2 = Sainsbury | first2 = R.
| title = A census-based comparison of centenarians in New Zealand with those in the United States
| journal = Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
| volume = 46
| issue = 4
| pages = 488–491
| year = 1998
| pmid = 9560074
| doi = 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb02472.x
| s2cid = 24620147
}}</ref> ||{{Hs|1960}}18 (1960)<ref name="Jeune" />|| 5.9
|-
|[[Norway]]|| 1,309 (2022) <ref>{{cite web|author=[[Statistics Norway]]|url=https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/07459/|title=Home>Population>Population count>Population>07459: Population, by sex and one-year age groups (M) 1986 - 2022|access-date=27 March 2022}}</ref>||{{Hs|1951}}44 (1951)<ref name="Robine et.al" />|| 24.1
|-
|[[Peru]]|| 2,707 (2013) || 1,682 (2011)<ref>EleccionesPeru and Elcomercio.pe. [http://www.eleccionesenperu.com/noticia-electores-mayores-edad-1332-19.html "1,682 electors are over 100 years"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312231457/http://www.eleccionesenperu.com/noticia-electores-mayores-edad-1332-19.html}}. Lima, Peru. 7 February 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2013.</ref>|| 8.4
|-
|[[Poland]]|| 7,232 (2021)<ref name="Eurostat" />||{{Hs|1970}}500 (1970)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.money.pl/emerytury/wiadomosci/artykul/specemerytura;dla;stulatka,62,0,181054.html|title=Specemerytura dla stulatka (in Polish)|publisher=Money.pl|access-date=5 December 2012}}</ref>|| 19.1
|-
|[[Portugal]]|| 5,025 (2021)<ref name="Eurostat" /> || – || 48.8
|-
|[[Romania]]|| 9,912 (2022) <ref>{{cite web|url=https://insse.ro/cms/files/statistici/comunicate/com_anuale/populatie/poprez_ian2022e.xls |title= Usually resident population by gender and age on 1st January 2022|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)]]|access-date=30 August 2022}}</ref> || - || 52
|-
|[[Russia]]|| 22,600 (2020)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20200419/1570253849.html|title=Росстат подсчитал число россиян старше 100 лет|author=|website=|publisher=[[РИА Новости]]|language=ru|access-date=19 April 2020}}</ref>|| 6,700 (2007)|| 15.5
|-
|[[Singapore]]|| 1,500 (2020)<ref>{{cite web|title=Reaching 100: Number of centenarians in Singapore has doubled in 10 years|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/reaching-100-number-of-centenarians-here-has-doubled-in-10-years|access-date=6 December 2021|author=Tan, Teresa|author2=Goh, Yan Han}}</ref> ||{{Hs|1990}}41 (1990)<ref name="Jeune" />|| 26.38
|-
|[[Slovenia]]|| 281 (2021)<ref name="Statistični letopis">{{cite web|url=https://pxweb.stat.si/SiStatData/pxweb/sl/Data/-/05C2002S.px|publisher=Statistični urad Republike Slovenije（[[Statistical Office of Slovenia]]）|title=Prebivalstvo po velikih in petletnih starostnih skupinah in spolu, statistične regije, Slovenija, letno(Population by large and five-year age group and sex, statistical regions, Slovenia, annual)|access-date=21 March 2022|author=Statistični urad Republike Slovenije（Statistical Office of Slovenia）|year=2021}}</ref> ||{{Hs|1953}}2 (1953),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.si/letopis/1966/1966_03.pdf|work=Statistični letopis Republike Slovenije 1966|publisher=Statistični urad Republike Slovenije|title=Prebivalstvo|access-date=18 August 2013|year=1966}}</ref> 224 (2013)<ref name="Statistični letopis" />|| 13.3<ref name="Statistični letopis" />
|-
|[[South Africa]]|| 15,581 (2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/15-000-in-SA-aged-over-100-Census-20121101|title=15 000 in SA aged over 100 – Census|work=News24|access-date=9 September 2015|archive-date=6 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106030218/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/15-000-in-SA-aged-over-100-Census-20121101}}</ref> || – || 30.1
|-
|[[South Korea]]|| 21,912 (2020)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20210117000140|title=[News Focus] 1 in 4 female Seoulites aged 60 or over|work=The Korea Herald|access-date=17 January 2021}}</ref> ||{{Hs| – }}961 || 42.4
|-
|[[Spain]]|| 19,573 (2022)<ref>{{cite web|title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain) 2020 | url=https://ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=9688 | access-date=7 August 2021 }}</ref> || 4,269 (2002)<ref>{{cite web|title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain) | url=http://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=9663&L=1 }}</ref> || 41.1
|-
|[[Sweden]]|| 2,410 (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/statistik-efter-amne/befolkning/befolkningens-sammansattning/befolkningsstatistik/| publisher = SCB| title=Befolkningsstatistik>Helårsstatistik – Riket>Äldre i befolkningen（人口統計>年間統計-国全体>高齢者人口）|access-date =26 March 2022}}</ref>||{{Hs|1950}}46 (1950) || 23.1
|-
|[[Switzerland]]|| 1,726 (2021) ||{{Hs|1860}}7 (1860)<ref name="Robine et.al" />|| 19.9
|-
|[[Thailand]]|| 26,137 (2021)<ref name="ThaiNSO">{{cite web | url =http://statbbi.nso.go.th/staticreport/page/sector/th/01.aspx | title =1 สถิติประชากรศาสตร์ ประชากรและเคหะ＞ขนาดและโครงสร้างของประชากรตามอายุและเพศ＞จำนวนประชากรจากการทะเบียน จำแนกตามอายุ เพศ ภาคและจังหวัด พ.ศ. 2564（1 Demographic statistics Population and Housing ＞ Population size and structure by age and sex ＞Age, gender, sector, registered population by prefecture, Buddhist calendar 2564(AD2021)） | publisher = Department of Provincial Administration, Ministry of Interior |access-date=21 March 2022}} {{XLSlink}}</ref> || –|| 39.5
|-
|[[Turkey]]
|5,780 (2021)<ref name="Eurostat" />
| –
|6.9
|-
|[[United Kingdom]]|| 15,120 (2020)<ref>{{cite web |title=Estimates of the very old, including centenarians, UK: 2002 to 2020 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/ageing/bulletins/estimatesoftheveryoldincludingcentenarians/2002to2020 |website=Office for National Statistics |access-date=23 January 2022 }}</ref>||{{Hs|1911}}107 (1911)<ref name="Robine et.al" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Scotland in 1911|url=http://www.scotland.org/features/scotland-in-1911/|website=scotland.org|access-date=22 June 2015}}</ref>|| 23
|-
|[[United States]]||97,914 (2021)<ref name="USA100+">{{cite web|author=United States Census Bureau|author-link=United States Census Bureau|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-national-detail.html|title=National Population by Characteristics: 2020-2021 Tables>Median Age and Age by Sex>Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Single Year of Age and Sex for the United States: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2021 (NC-EST2021-SYASEX)|format=Excel|access-date=25 July 2022}}</ref>||{{Hs|1950}} 2,300 (1950),<ref>Krach, Constance A. and Velkoff, Victoria A (1999). [https://www.census.gov/prod/99pubs/p23-199.pdf "Centenarians in the United States"]. ''Current Population Reports'' (Series P23-199RV). U.S. Bureau of the Census. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. iii + 18 pp.</ref> 53,364 (2010)<ref name="Meyer">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/reports/c2010sr-03.pdf|title=Centenarians: 2010|last=Meyer|first=Julie|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=23 January 2013}}</ref> || 28
|-
|[[Uruguay]]|| 519 (2011)<ref name="UY2011">{{cite web|title=Población por área y sexo, según grupo quinquenal de edades|url=http://www.ine.gub.uy/censos2011/resultadosfinales/cuadros/NIVEL%20NACIONAL/Poblaci%C3%B3n/Generales/P_3_CAR.xls|work=Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Uruguay)|access-date=10 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309021649/http://www.ine.gub.uy/censos2011/resultadosfinales/cuadros/NIVEL%20NACIONAL/Poblaci%C3%B3n/Generales/P_3_CAR.xls|archive-date=9 March 2013}}</ref> || – || 15.8<ref>Total population: 3,285,877 + 437 homeless, per [http://www.ine.gub.uy/censos2011/resultadosfinales/cuadros/NIVEL%20NACIONAL/Poblaci%C3%B3n/Generales/P_3_CAR.xls 2011 census data] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309021649/http://www.ine.gub.uy/censos2011/resultadosfinales/cuadros/NIVEL%20NACIONAL/Poblaci%C3%B3n/Generales/P_3_CAR.xls }}</ref>
|- class="sortbottom"
|'''World Estimates'''|| '''451,000''' (2015)<ref name=PEW16/> || {{Hs|1950}} 23,000 (1950), 316,600 (2012)<ref name="WORLD2012" /> || '''6.2'''
|}

==Supercentenarians==
{{main article|Supercentenarian}}
[[File:Aarne Arvonen (Cropped).jpg|thumb|[[List of Finnish supercentenarians#Aarne Arvonen|Aarne Arvonen]] (1897–2009), a [[supercentenarian]] from [[Finland]], was one of the oldest men ever, living for 111 years and 150 days.|upright]]
A [[supercentenarian]], sometimes hyphenated as super-centenarian, is a person who has reached the age of 110 years. This age milestone is only achieved by about one in a thousand centenarians.

Even rarer is a person [[List of the verified oldest people|who has lived to 115]]. There are 67 people in [[recorded history]] who have indisputably reached 115. Only three of the people who have reached 115 are men. [[Maria Branyas]], [[List of Japanese supercentenarians#Fusa Tatsumi|Fusa Tatsumi]], Edie Ceccarelli, Tomiko Itooka and Inah Canabarro Lucas are the only people currently alive who have reached the 115 years milestone.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.soa.org/library/journals/north-american-actuarial-journal/2002/july/naaj0207_6.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703065315/http://www.soa.org/library/journals/north-american-actuarial-journal/2002/july/naaj0207_6.pdf |archive-date=3 July 2010 |title=Emergence of supercentenarians in low-mortality countries |journal=North American Actuarial Journal |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=54–63 |doi=10.1080/10920277.2002.10596057 |s2cid=129046321 |access-date=4 November 2010 |last1=Robine |first1=Jean-Marie |last2=Vaupel |first2=James W. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.supercentenarians.org/publications.htm |title=Publications |website=Supercentenarians |access-date=4 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613010740/http://www.supercentenarians.org/publications.htm |archive-date=13 June 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Supercentenarians by H. Maier, J. Gampe, B. Jeune, J.-M. Robine and J.W. Vaupel. Springer 2010 |series=Demographic Research Monographs |year=2010 |publisher=Springerlink.com |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-11520-2 |isbn=978-3-642-11519-6 }}</ref><ref name="GRG">{{cite web |title=Gerontology Research Group Index Page, as of [1997 - 2007] |url=https://grg.org |access-date=6 August 2022 |publisher=Grg.org}}</ref>

[[Jeanne Calment]] from [[France]] is the only age-verified person in human history to have reached the age of 120 years.

== Recognition and congratulations ==
===History, blessings and traditions===
An aspect of [[blessing]] in many cultures is to offer a wish that the recipient lives to 100 years old. Among [[Hindu]]s in India, where touching feet of elders and respected is a tradition, people who touch the feet of elders are often blessed with "May you live a hundred years". In Sweden, the traditional birthday song states, ''May he/she live for one hundred years''. In [[Judaism]], [[Live until 120|''May you live to be 120 years old'']] is a common blessing. In Poland, ''[[Sto lat]]'', a wish to live a hundred years, is a traditional form of praise and good wishes, and the song "sto lat, sto lat" is sung on the occasion of the birthday celebrations—arguably, it is the most popular song in Poland and among Poles around the globe.

According to legends, [[sage (philosophy)|Sage]]s from Ancient India lived and meditated for tens of thousands of years while Great Kings ruled their kingdoms for thousands of years.

[[Chinese emperors]] were hailed to live [[ten thousand years]], while [[Chinese empress|empresses]] were hailed to live a thousand years.

In Italy, "A hundred of these days!" (''cento di questi giorni'') is an [[augury]] for birthdays, to live to celebrate 100 more birthdays.<ref>[http://en.allexperts.com/q/Italian-Language-1584/Italian-Translation.htm Italian Translation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222021528/http://en.allexperts.com/q/Italian-Language-1584/Italian-Translation.htm }}. AllExperts.com. 21 June 2007. Retrieved 22 March 2012.</ref> Some Italians say "Cent'anni!", which means "a hundred years", in that they wish that they could all live happily for a hundred years. In Greece, wishing someone Happy Birthday ends with the expression {{lang|el|να τα εκατοστήσεις}} ({{transliteration|el|na ta ekatostisis}}), which can be loosely translated as "may you make it one hundred birthdays". In Sri Lanka, it is a custom to bless as "you may live 220 instead of 120".

In many countries, people receive a gift or congratulations from federal/state institutions on their 100th birthday.

==United States==
[[File:100th birthday card Fords.jpg|thumb|right|Greeting card sent by former United States President [[Gerald Ford|Gerald R. Ford]] and first lady [[Betty Ford]]]]

In the United States, recipients usually receive a letter of congratulation from the [[United States President]] to mark their longevity.

''[[The Today Show]]'' also presents a segment honouring centenarians and older, sponsored by [[Smuckers]]. The tradition was created in 1983 by weather presenter [[Willard Scott]], and is now presented by his successor [[Al Roker]].<ref name=:dlh">{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/09/willard-scott-dead-today-weatherman-celebrated-centenarians-was-87-obituary-1234827550/ |title=Willard Scott Dies: 'Today' Weatherman Who Celebrated Centenarians Was 87 }}</ref>

==Canada==
In Canada, as a [[commonwealth realm|commonwealth country]], centenarians can receive a greeting by the [[British Monarch]], and can also receive congratulations from the [[Canadian Governor General]], by applying through the GGS official website<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gg.ca/en/contact-us/birthday-anniversary-greetings|title=Requesting a Greeting The Governor General of Canada}}</ref>

==Asia==
Japanese centenarians receive a silver cup and a certificate from the [[Prime Minister of Japan]] upon the [[Respect for the Aged Day]] following their 100th birthday, honouring them for their longevity and prosperity in their lives.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-birthday-idUSTRE5220ZP20090303 Ageing Japan cuts cost of 100th birthday gifts March 3, 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927142713/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/03/03/us-japan-birthday-idUSTRE5220ZP20090303 }} ''[[Reuters]]'' Retrieved 26 September 2015</ref><ref>Izadi, Elahe [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/08/21/japan-has-so-many-super-old-people-that-it-cant-afford-to-give-them-special-sake-cups-anymore/ Japan has so many super old people that it can't afford to give them special sake cups anymore August 21, 2015] ''[[The Washington Post]]'' Retrieved 26 September 2015</ref><ref>Plucinska, Joanna (20 August 2015). [http://time.com/4004281/japan-centenarian-gift-seniors-day-sakazuki/ "Japan Can't Afford to Give Centenarians Gifts Anymore Because There Are Too Many of Them"]. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''. Retrieved 26 September 2015.</ref>

In [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]], the award known as [[Shatayu Samman]] is given out to persons who live at least 100 years to promote awareness of good health.<ref>{{cite web|title='Oldest' Indian man dies in Madhya Pradesh|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/oldest-indian-man-dies-in-madhya-pradesh_100583050.html|access-date=10 June 2012}}</ref>

North Korean centenarians receive a birthday congratulatory letter from the [[Supreme Leader (North Korean title)|Supreme Leader of the DPRK]].<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web | url=http://kcna.kp/en/article/q/669b072ea5f3c88b187b56eb6eaada1ab047a9adc1830b7a656940b07f437b7786fcb80279650b5a4a0c95ba67a96378.kcmsf | title=KCNA | Article | Society-Life | Centenarian Receives Birthday Spread }}</ref>

On 6 July 2022, Pak Hak Sil, a centenarian living in Koup-ri of [[Kangnam County]], [[Pyongyang]], received a birthday letter sent by [[Kim Jong Un]].<ref name="autogenerated1"/>

In Taiwan, people aged 100 or above receive a golden pendant necklace on [[Chong Yang Festival]] each year from the [[President of the Republic of China|President]] and [[Ministry of Health and Welfare (Taiwan)|Ministry of Health and Welfare]].<ref>{{cite web |title=衛福部年度重陽節致贈人瑞金鎖片採購案 |url=http://www.solerie.com/page/album/show.aspx?num=26&kind=19&page=1 |website=崇光金品 |access-date=22 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=蔡 |first1=慧貞 |title=衛福部贈重陽金鎖片爆百名幽靈人瑞 |url=https://www.storm.mg/article/22072 |access-date=22 September 2022 |work=風傳媒}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=郭 |first1=建志 |title=敬老人瑞金鎖片再貴也要買 |url=https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83-%E6%95%AC%E8%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E7%91%9E%E9%87%91%E9%8E%96%E7%89%87-%E5%86%8D%E8%B2%B4%E4%B9%9F%E8%A6%81%E8%B2%B7-234926109.html |access-date=22 September 2022 |work=工商時報 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922105032/https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83-%E6%95%AC%E8%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E7%91%9E%E9%87%91%E9%8E%96%E7%89%87-%E5%86%8D%E8%B2%B4%E4%B9%9F%E8%A6%81%E8%B2%B7-234926109.html |archive-date=22 September 2022}}</ref>

==Europe==
In the Netherlands, [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|the monarch]] and their Commissioner sends a letter on the 100th birthday and on every birthday beginning with the 105th.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nijmegen.nl/diensten/onderscheidingen/jubilea/|title=Jubilea - Onderscheidingen - Diensten|website=Gemeente Nijmegen}}</ref>

German centenarians receive a letter of congratulations from the [[President of Germany]].

Centenarians born in Italy receive a letter of congratulations from the [[President of Italy]].{{Citation needed}}

Swedish centenarians receive a [[telegram]] from the [[Monarchy of Sweden|King and Queen of Sweden]].<ref>[https://www.gp.se/fler-100-%C3%A5ringar-ger-hovet-merarbete-1.1101899 "Fler 100-åringar ger hovet merarbete"] (in Swedish). ''Göteborgs-Posten''. 29 December 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2019.</ref>

==United Kingdom and Ireland==
In the United Kingdom and the other [[Commonwealth realm]]s, centenarians can receive a congratulations card greetings from the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British monarch]] [[Charles III|King Charles III]] and [[Queen Camilla]], who send greetings on one's 100th birthday and on every birthday beginning with the 105th.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|url=https://bbc.com/news/uk-63364125|title=King Charles III first set of 100th birthday cards delivered|work=BBC News }}</ref>

In Ireland, centenarians can receive a €2,540 "Centenarians' Bounty" and a letter from the [[President of Ireland]], even if they are [[Irish diaspora|resident abroad]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2006/0328/breaking61.htm |title=Centenarians abroad to get birthday bonus |work=Irish Times |access-date=4 November 2010}}</ref>

Irish people celebrating their 101st birthday may also receive a special silver minted coin with a quote by a Famous Irish writer or poet<ref name=<Independent">{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/ripe-old-age-earns-more-centnarians-a-tidy-birthday-bounty-from-president-26269687.html|title=Ripe old age earns more centenarians, a tidy birthday bonus from President}}</ref>

===British traditions===
[[File:Queen Birthday Card 2.jpg|thumb|right|Queen Elizabeth sent a greeting card to centenarians as a congratulations.]]
The traditions of British centenarians receiving greetings and congratulations was established by [[Edward VII|King Edward VII]] in 1908.

The famous [[acrobat]] and [[tightrope walker]] [[Henry Johnson (acrobat)|Henry Johnson]] received a congratulatory letter from Edward VII via his royal courtier [[Francis Knollys, 1st Viscount Knollys|Viscount Knollys]] in 1906.<ref name="Boston Guardian 26 August 1905 via GR" >{{cite news |title=Performers of the Past: famous Grantham gymnast, interesting recollections |url=https://www.genesreunited.co.uk/searchbna/viewrecord/bl/0001888/19050826/113/0004?confirmed=1 |access-date=8 November 2021 |work=Boston Guardian and Lincolnshire Independent |agency=Genes Reunited |url-access=subscription|page=4 col.7}}</ref> The tradition of Royal congratulations continued in 1908, when the Secretary for King Edward VII sent a congratulatory letter to Reverend Thomas Lord of [[Horncastle, Lincolnshire|Horncastle]], Lincolnshire in a newspaper clipping, declaring, "I am commanded by the King to congratulate you on the attainment of your hundredth year, after a most useful life".{{citation needed}}

The practice was formalised from 1917, under the reign of King [[George V]], who also sent congratulations then sent by a telegram on the attainment of a [[Diamond jubilee|Diamond Wedding Anniversary]] (or jubilee) marking 60 years of marriage.

During the reign of King George V, only 24 telegrams were sent; however, with the aging population, this increased to 273 during 1952, when long-reigning monarch Queen [[Elizabeth II]] ascended the throne.<ref name="BBC" /> The Queen also sent a telegram, and later a portrait-style greeting card with the notation, "I am so pleased to know that you are celebrating your one hundredth birthday. I send my congratulations and best wishes to you on such a special occasion." Each few years the card was updated with a current updated picture of the Queen to ensure people did not receive the same card more than once. The Queen further sent her congratulations on one's 105th birthday and every year thereafter as well as on special wedding anniversaries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalcentral.co.uk/blogs/a-royal-tradition-the-queens-100th-birthday-messages-8673|title=A Royal tradition: The Queen's 100th birthday messages|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215065254/http://royalcentral.co.uk/blogs/a-royal-tradition-the-queens-100th-birthday-messages-8673|archive-date=15 February 2019}}</ref>

==Oceania==
In [[Commonwealth Countries]] like New Zealand and Australia, congratulations are sent to recipients by the British Monarch as well as dignitaries including the [[Governor General]], the [[Prime Minister]], the [[Minister for Seniors]] and also [[local Government]], honorees must apply for greetings through the official government website.<ref name="GNZ">{{cite web|url=https://www.govt.nz/browse/family-and-whanau/congratulatory-messages/|title=Congratulatory Messages New Zealand Government}}</ref>

==Centenarians in antiquity==
While the number of centenarians per capita was much lower in ancient times than today, the data suggest that they were not unheard of.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Postel-Vinay O |title=Histoire Le Cas de la Grèce Antique |journal=[[La Recherche|La Recherche Special]] |volume=322 |page=90 |url=http://www.larecherche.fr/content/recherche/article?id=15880 |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929202051/http://www.larecherche.fr/content/recherche/article?id=15880 |archive-date=29 September 2011 }}</ref>{{better source needed| given source no longer online, gives only Gorgias as clear centenarian, none with exactly known age}}

Estimates of [[life expectancy]] in antiquity are far lower than modern values mostly due to the far greater incidence of deaths in infancy or childhood. Those who lived past early childhood had a reasonable chance of living to a relatively old age.<ref>Mirko Grmek and [[Danielle Gourevitch]] (1998). ''Illness in Antiquity''. Fayard.</ref> The assumption of what constitutes "old age", or being "elderly", at least, seems to have remained unchanged since antiquity, the line being generally drawn at either sixty or sixty-five years;<ref>JOURNAL ARTICLE M. I. Finley, "The Elderly in Classical Antiquity", ''Greece & Rome'' 28.2 (1981), 156-171</ref> [[Psalm 90]]:10 in the [[Hebrew Bible]] appears to give seventy to eighty years as the natural life expectancy of a person surviving into old age, "The years of our life are seventy, or even by reason of strength eighty".

A survey of the lifespans of male individuals with entries in the ''[[Oxford Classical Dictionary]]'' (i.e., a sample pre-selected to include those who lived long enough to attain historical notability) found a median lifespan of 72 years, and a range of 32 to 107 years, for 128 individuals born before 100 BC (though the same study found a median lifespan of 66 years for 100 individuals born after 100 BC but no later than 602 AD); by comparison, male individuals listed in ''Chambers Biographical Dictionary'' who died between 1900 and 1949 had a median lifespan of 71.5 years, with a range between 29 and 105 years.

The author of the 1994 study concluded that it was only in the second half of the 20th century that medical advances have extended the life expectancy of those who live into adulthood.<ref>"On this analysis, it is only in the present half-century that advances in medicine have allowed us to outlive those ancients of the BC era who managed to survive the early perils." J D Montagu, "Length of life in the ancient world: a controlled study", ''Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine'' 87 (January 1994).</ref>

Reliable references to individuals in antiquity who lived past 100 years are quite rare, but they do exist. For instance, Cicero's wife [[Terentia]] was reported by [[Pliny the Elder]] to have lived from 98 BC to 6 AD, 104 years.<ref>[[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]], [[wikisource:la:Naturalis Historia/Liber VII|Naturalis Historia, lib. vii, 158]].</ref> Regnal dates of Bronze Age monarchs are notoriously unreliable; the [[Sixth dynasty of Egypt|sixth dynasty]] Egyptian ruler [[Pepi II]] is sometimes listed as having lived c. 2278 – c. 2184 BC, as he is said to have reigned for 94 years,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/course/98-030/hist1.pdf |title=A Short History of Egypt: Part I: From the Predynastic Period to the Old Kingdom |publisher=[[Carnegie Mellon University]] |access-date=4 November 2010}}</ref> but alternative readings cite a reign of just 64 years.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jacques Kinnaer |url=http://www.ancient-egypt.org/index.html |title=Pepi II |publisher=Ancient-Egypt.org |access-date=4 November 2011}}</ref> [[Adad-guppi]], mother of the last king of the [[Neo-Babylonian Empire]] [[Nabonidus]] apparently lived from c. 648-544 BC (c. 104 years) according to inscriptions on funeral [[stele]]s.<ref>{{Citation|last=Melville|first=Sarah C.|title=Adad-guppi|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah24003|encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Ancient History|pages=wbeah24003|editor-last=Bagnall|editor-first=Roger S|place=Hoboken, NJ, USA|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|language=en|doi=10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah24003|isbn=978-1-4443-3838-6|access-date=17 January 2022|editor2-last=Brodersen|editor2-first=Kai|editor3-last=Champion|editor3-first=Craige B|editor4-last=Erskine|editor4-first=Andrew}}</ref>

[[Diogenes Laërtius]] (c. AD 250) gives one of the earliest references regarding the plausible centenarian longevity given by a scientist, the astronomer [[Hipparchus]] of Nicaea (c. 185 – c. 120 BC), who, according to the doxographer, said that the philosopher [[Democritus of Abdera]] (c. 470/460 – c. 370/360 BC) lived 109 years. Other ancient accounts of Democritus agree that the philosopher lived at least 90 years. The case of Democritus differs from those of, for example, [[Epimenides]] of Crete (7th and 6th centuries BC), who is said to have lived an implausible 154, 157, or 290 years, depending on the source.

Other ancient Greek philosophers thought to have lived beyond the age of 90 include [[Xenophanes of Colophon]] (c. 570/565 – c. 475/470 BC), [[Pyrrho]] of Ellis (c. 360 – c. 270 BC), and [[Eratosthenes]] of Cirene (c. 285 – c. 190 BC).

[[Hosius of Córdoba]], the man who convinced [[Constantine the Great]] to call the [[First Council of Nicaea]], reportedly lived to age 102.{{cn}}

A rare record of an ordinary person who lived to be a centenarian is the tombstone of [[Roman Britain|Roman British]] legionary veteran Julius Valens, inscribed "VIXIT ANNIS C".<ref>[https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/363 Funerary inscription for Julius Valens]. Roman Inscriptions of Britain – RIB 363.</ref>

In the medieval period, [[Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan]] (d. 1097) is said by [[Bernold of Constance]] to have lived past 100 years (''iam maior centenario'').<ref>''Bernoldi Chronicon'' (1097). MGH SS V, p. 465.</ref>

==Research==
{{Main|Research into centenarians}}
Research in Italy suggests that healthy centenarians have high levels of both [[vitamin A]] and [[vitamin E]] and that this seems to be important in causing their extreme longevity.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mecocci P, Polidori MC, Troiano L |title=Plasma antioxidants and longevity: a study on healthy centenarians |journal=Free Radic Biol Med |volume=28 |issue=8 |pages=1243–8 |pmid=10889454 |doi=10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00246-X |display-authors=etal}}</ref> Other research contradicts this, however, and has found that this theory does not apply to centenarians from [[Sardinia]], for whom other factors probably play a more important role.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Polidori MC, Mariani E, Baggio G |title=Different antioxidant profiles in Italian centenarians: the Sardinian peculiarity |journal=Eur J Clin Nutr |volume=61 |issue=7 |pages=922–4 |pmid=17228351 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602596 |s2cid=34833898 |display-authors=etal|doi-access=free }}</ref> A preliminary study carried out in Poland showed that, in comparison with young healthy female adults, centenarians living in [[Upper Silesia]] had significantly higher red blood cell [[glutathione reductase]] and [[catalase]] activities, although serum levels of [[vitamin E]] were not significantly higher.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kłapcińska B, Derejczyk J, Wieczorowska-Tobis K, Sobczak A, Sadowska-Krepa E, Danch A |title=Antioxidant defense in centenarians (a preliminary study) |journal=Acta Biochim. Pol. |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=281–92 |year=2000 |pmid=11051193 |url=http://www.actabp.pl/pdf/2_2000/281.pdf|doi=10.18388/abp.2000_4008 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Researchers in Denmark have also found that centenarians exhibit a high activity of [[glutathione reductase]] in red blood cells. In this study, the centenarians having the best cognitive and physical functional capacity tended to have the highest activity of this [[enzyme]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Andersen HR, Jeune B, Nybo H, Nielsen JB, Andersen-Ranberg K, Grandjean P |title=Low activity of superoxide dismutase and high activity of glutathione reductase in erythrocytes from centenarians |journal=Age Ageing |volume=27 |issue=5 |pages=643–8 |pmid=12675104 |doi=10.1093/ageing/27.5.643 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Other research has found that people whose parents became centenarians have an increased number of naïve [[B cell]]s. It is well known that the children of parents who have a long life are also likely to reach a healthy age, but it is not known why, although the inherited genes are probably important.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080629084531/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2194078/Blood-tests-%27could-be-used-to-predict-lifespan%27.html "Blood tests 'could be used to predict lifespan'"]. ''The Daily Telegraph''. 25 June 2008. Retrieved 30 June 2008.</ref> A variation in the gene [[FOXO3]]A is known to have a positive effect on the life expectancy of humans, and is found much more often in people living to 100 and beyond – moreover, this appears to be true worldwide.<ref>[http://www.physorg.com/news152884067.html "Living longer thanks to the 'longevity gene'"]. PhysOrg.com. 3 February 2009. Retrieved 4 February 2009.</ref>

Men and women who are 100 or older tend to have extroverted personalities, according to Thomas T. Perls, the director of the New England Centenarian Study at Boston University.<ref>{{cite web | title=Researchers Identify Personality Traits of Centenarian Offspring Which May Influence Longevity | website=Boston University Medical Campus | date=13 April 2009 | url=https://www.bumc.bu.edu/2009/04/13/researchers-identify-personality-traits-of-centenarian-offspring-which-may-influence-longevity/ | access-date=3 June 2023}}</ref> Centenarians will often have many friends, strong ties to relatives and high self-esteem. In addition, some research suggests that the offspring of centenarians are more likely to age in better cardiovascular health than their peers.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Adams ER, Nolan VG, Andersen SL, Perls TT, Terry DF |title=Centenarian offspring: start healthier and stay healthier |journal=J Am Geriatr Soc |volume=56 |issue=11 |pages=2089–92 |pmid=18811609 |doi=10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01949.x |pmc=2892731 }}</ref>

===DNA repair===
[[Lymphoblast]]oid cell lines established from blood samples of centenarians have significantly higher activity of the DNA repair protein PARP ([[Poly ADP ribose polymerase]]) than cell lines from younger (20 to 70 years old) individuals.<ref name="pmid9587069">{{cite journal |vauthors=Muiras ML, Müller M, Schächter F, Bürkle A |s2cid=24616650 |title=Increased poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in lymphoblastoid cell lines from centenarians |journal=J. Mol. Med. |volume=76 |issue=5 |pages=346–54 |year=1998 |pmid=9587069 |doi= 10.1007/s001090050226}}</ref> The lymphocytic cells of centenarians have characteristics typical of cells from young people, both in their capability of priming the mechanism of repair after H2O2 sublethal oxidative DNA damage and in their PARP capacity.<ref name="pmid17518695">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chevanne M, Calia C, Zampieri M, Cecchinelli B, Caldini R, Monti D, Bucci L, Franceschi C, Caiafa P |title=Oxidative DNA damage repair and parp 1 and parp 2 expression in Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized B lymphocyte cells from young subjects, old subjects, and centenarians |journal=Rejuvenation Res |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=191–204 |year=2007 |pmid=17518695 |doi=10.1089/rej.2006.0514 |hdl=11573/142209 }}</ref> PARP activity measured in the permeabilized mononuclear [[leukocyte]] blood cells of thirteen [[mammal]]ian species correlated with maximum lifespan of the species.<ref name="pmid1465394">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grube K, Bürkle A |title=Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in mononuclear leukocytes of 13 mammalian species correlates with species-specific life span |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=89 |issue=24 |pages=11759–63 |year=1992 |pmid=1465394 |pmc=50636 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.89.24.11759|bibcode=1992PNAS...8911759G |doi-access=free }}</ref> These findings suggest that PARP mediated DNA repair activity contributes to the longevity of centenarians, consistent with the [[DNA damage theory of aging]].<ref>[https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=43247 Bernstein H, Payne CM, Bernstein C, Garewal H, Dvorak K (2008). Cancer and aging as consequences of un-repaired DNA damage. In: New Research on DNA Damages (Editors: Honoka Kimura and Aoi Suzuki) Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, Chapter 1, pp. 1-47. open access, but read only] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025091740/https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=43247 }} {{ISBN|978-1-60456-581-2}}</ref>

===Japanese bio-study===
{{see|Aging of Japan}} {{see|Elderly people in Japan}}
Many experts attribute Japan's high life expectancy to the typical Japanese diet, which is particularly low in refined simple carbohydrates, and to hygienic practices. The number of centenarians in relation to the total population was, in September 2010, 114% higher in [[Shimane Prefecture]] than the national average. This ratio was also 92% higher in [[Okinawa Prefecture]].<ref name="Santrock">Santrock, John (2008). "Physical Development and Biological Aging". In Mike Ryan, Michael J. Sugarman, Maureen Spada, and Emily Pecora (eds.): ''A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development'' (pp. 129-132). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.</ref><ref>''Japan Times'' (15 September 2010). [http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20100915a8.html "Centenarians to Hit Record 44,000"]. Retrieved 6 February 2013.</ref><ref>In 2006, official data from the Okinawa Prefectural government were slightly inflated because of a methodological flaw. See Willcox, D. Craig; Willcox, Bradley J.; He Qimei; Wang Nien-chiang and Suzuki Makoto. [http://www.okicent.org/docs/age_validation_in_okinawa_jgbs_2008.pdf "They Really Are That Old: A Validation Study of Centenarian Prevalence in Okinawa"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727142859/http://www.okicent.org/docs/age_validation_in_okinawa_jgbs_2008.pdf }}. (PDF) ''The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences''. Vol. 63. 2008. pp. 338–349.</ref> In Okinawa, studies have shown five factors that have contributed to the large number of centenarians in that region:<ref name="Santrock"/>
# A diet that is heavy on grains, fish, and vegetables and light on meat, eggs, and dairy products.
# Low-stress lifestyles, which are proven significantly less stressful than that of the mainland inhabitants of Japan.
# A caring community, where older adults are not isolated and are taken better care of.
# High levels of activity, where locals work until an older age than the average age in other countries, and more emphasis on activities like walking and gardening to keep active.
# Spirituality, where a sense of purpose comes from involvement in spiritual matters and prayer eases the mind of stress and problems.<ref name="Santrock"/>

Although these factors vary from those mentioned in the previous study, the culture of Okinawa has proven these factors to be important in its large population of centenarians.<ref name="Santrock"/>

A historical study from Korea found that male [[eunuchs]] in the royal court had a centenarian rate of over 3%, and that eunuchs lived on average 14 to 19 years longer than uncastrated men.<ref name="eunuch">{{cite web|title=Upside to castration? Eunuchs lived longer, study finds|url=http://vitals.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/09/24/14070451-upside-to-castration-eunuchs-lived-longer-study-finds|publisher=Reuters via NBC|access-date=26 September 2012|archive-date=27 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927032015/http://vitals.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/09/24/14070451-upside-to-castration-eunuchs-lived-longer-study-finds}}</ref>

====Centenarian controversy in Japan====
The number of Japanese centenarians was called into question in 2010, following a series of reports showing that hundreds of thousands of elderly people had gone "missing" in the country. The deaths of many centenarians had not been reported, casting doubt on the country's reputation for having a large population of centenarians.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/11/world/asia/11japan.html |title=Japan's Elderly Count Was Off by 234,000 |first=Martin |last=Fackler |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=26 July 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11258071 |title=More than 230,000 Japanese centenarians 'missing' |publisher=BBC |access-date=4 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/09/10/world/main6853038.shtml |title=More Than 230,000 Centenarians Missing in Japan |work=CBS News |access-date=4 November 2010}}</ref>

In July 2010, [[Sogen Kato]], a centenarian listed as the oldest living male in [[Tokyo]], registered to be aged 111, was found to have died some 30 years before; his body was found mummified in his bed,<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/7917131/Tokyos-oldest-man-dead-for-30-years.html "Tokyo's 'oldest man' dead for 30 years"]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. 29 July 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2013.</ref> resulting in a police investigation into centenarians listed over the age of 105. Soon after the discovery, the Japanese Justice Ministry found that at least 234,354 other Japanese centenarians were "missing"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20100911a1.html |title=234,000 centenarians listed in registries missing |work=Japan Times |access-date=4 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412135540/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2010/09/11/news/234000-centenarians-listed-in-registries-missing/ |archive-date=12 April 2016 }}</ref> and began a nationwide search in early August 2010.<ref name=missing>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iil_RjydtLTWi6oePInR32Uvnu9w |title=Nearly 200 of Japan's oldest citizens 'missing' |work=AFP |access-date=26 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817004208/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iil_RjydtLTWi6oePInR32Uvnu9w |archive-date=17 August 2010 }}</ref>

===Epigenetic studies===
By measuring the biological age of various tissues from centenarians, researchers may be able to identify tissues that are protected from aging effects. According to a study of 30 different body parts from centenarians and younger controls, the [[cerebellum]] is the youngest brain region (and probably body part) in centenarians (about 15 years younger than expected<ref name="Horvath2015cerebellum">{{Cite journal| title = The cerebellum ages slowly according to the epigenetic clock. | journal = Aging| volume = 7 | year = 2015| pmid = 26000617 |pmc= 4468311|vauthors=Horvath S, Mah V, Lu AT, Woo JS, Choi OW, Jasinska AJ, Riancho JA, Tung S, Coles NS, Braun J, Vinters HV, Coles LS | issue = 5 | doi=10.18632/aging.100742 | pages=294–306}}</ref>) according to an epigenetic biomarker of tissue age known as [[epigenetic clock]].<ref name="Horvath2013">{{cite journal | last1 = Horvath | first1 = S | year = 2013 | title = DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types | journal = Genome Biology | volume = 14| issue = 10 | page = R115 | doi = 10.1186/gb-2013-14-10-r115 | pmid=24138928 | pmc=4015143}}</ref>

These findings could explain why the cerebellum exhibits fewer neuropathological hallmarks of age related dementias compared to other brain regions. Further, the offspring of semi-supercentenarians (subjects who reached an age of 105–109 years) have a lower epigenetic age than age-matched controls (age difference=5.1 years in peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and centenarians are younger (8.6 years) than expected based on their chronological age.<ref name="Horvath2015centenarian">{{cite journal | last1 = Horvath | first1 = S | date = 2015 | title = Decreased epigenetic age of PBMCs from Italian semi-supercentenarians and their offspring.| journal = Aging | volume = 7| issue = Dec| pages =1159–1170| pmc = 4712339| pmid = 26678252 | doi = 10.18632/aging.100861 }}</ref>

==Media references==
{{Synthesis|section}}

Centenarians are often the subject of news stories, which often focus on the fact that they are over 100 years old. Along with the typical birthday celebrations, these reports provide researchers and cultural historians with evidence as to how the rest of society views this elderly population. Some examples:

* In 2013, 107-year-old man from [[Pine Bluff, Arkansas]], Monroe Isadore dies in shootout with [[SWAT]]<ref>
{{cite web
|title = 107-year-old Arkansas man dies in shootout with S.W.A.T.
|url = http://www.thv11.com/news/article/278849/2/107-year-old-Arkansas-man-dies-in-shootout-with-SWAT
|access-date = 8 September 2013
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130910060104/http://www.thv11.com/news/article/278849/2/107-year-old-Arkansas-man-dies-in-shootout-with-SWAT
|archive-date = 10 September 2013
}} CBS affiliate KTVH 11, 8 September 2013. Includes photo of deceased.</ref><ref>
{{cite journal
| title = 107-year-old man killed in gun battle with SWAT team
| journal = The Christian Science Monitor
| url = http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/USA-Update/2013/0908/107-year-old-man-killed-in-gun-battle-with-SWAT-team-video
| access-date = 9 September 2013
| date = 8 September 2013
}} Christian Science Monitor, 8 September 2013. Video, photo of house.</ref><ref>
{{cite news
| title = Monroe Isadore, 107-year-old Arkansas man, killed during shootout with SWAT team
| url = https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504083_162-57601946-504083/monroe-isadore-107-year-old-arkansas-man-killed-during-shootout-with-swat-team/
| access-date = 9 September 2013
| work=CBS News
| date=9 September 2013
}} CBS News, 9 September 2013</ref>
* 103-year-old last [[Livonian language]] native speaker [[Grizelda Kristiņa]] in [[Canada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://suomenkuvalehti.fi/jutut/ulkomaat/liivinkielisia-ei-enaa-ole-viimeinen-kuoli-103-vuotiaana/|title=Liivinkielisiä ei enää ole - viimeinen kuoli 103-vuotiaana}}</ref>
* 101-year-old Nepalese man Funchu Tamang was rescued from the [[April 2015 Nepal earthquake|Nepal earthquake]] in 2015<ref name="rescue101">{{cite news|url=http://telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/nepal/11580267/Miraculous-rescue-of-101-year-old-man-pulled-alive-from-Nepal-quake-rubble.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/http://telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/nepal/11580267/Miraculous-rescue-of-101-year-old-man-pulled-alive-from-Nepal-quake-rubble.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Miraculous rescue of 101-year-old man pulled alive from Nepal quake rubble}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* In 2015, Japanese man [[Hidekichi Miyazaki]], a [[masters athlete]], became the world's oldest sprinter upon winning the 100m aged 105, earning a place in the [[Guinness World Record]] book<ref name="miyazaki">{{cite news|author=|title=Japan's 105-year-old 'Golden Bolt' sets sprint record, misses personal best|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-centenarian-idUSKCN0RO0IW20150924 |language=en|work=Reuters|access-date=26 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="telegraph">{{cite news|last=Demetriou|first=Danielle|title=Japan's 105-year-old 'Golden Bolt' sets world record for 100m|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/11887113/Japans-105-year-old-Golden-Bolt-sets-world-record-for-100m.html|url-status=live|department=News|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108104901/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/11887113/Japans-105-year-old-Golden-Bolt-sets-world-record-for-100m.html|archive-date=8 November 2020|url-access=limited}}</ref>
* In 2015, Mieko Nagaoka, a 100-year-old Japanese woman, became the first centenarian to complete a 1500m swim in a 25-meter pool; specifically, she completed 30 laps of the pool in 1 hour, 15 minutes, 54 seconds, in a masters event in Matsuyama, Japan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/06/sport/100-year-old-swimmer-record-holder/ |title=Centenarian swimmer breaks record |publisher=Edition.cnn.com |access-date=7 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://olympictalk.nbcsports.com/2015/04/06/100-year-old-woman-swimming-record-1500-freestyle-mieko-nagaoka/related/ |title=Japanese woman, 100, swims 1500m record {{pipe}} OlympicTalk |publisher=Olympictalk.nbcsports.com |date= 6 April 2015|access-date=7 April 2015}}</ref>
* In May 2015 Marjorie "Bo" Gilbert, from [[South Wales]], became the first centenarian to appear in the magazine ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'', when she was featured as part of an advertisement for the department store [[Harvey Nichols]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/heres-first-100-old-appear-100000088.html |title=Here's The First 100-Year-Old To Appear In Vogue |publisher=Uk.style.yahoo.com |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2016/04/29/harvey-nichols-100-year-old-model-campaign |title=Harvey Nichols 100 Year Old Model Campaign |publisher=Vogue.co.uk |access-date=1 May 2016}}</ref>
* William A. Del Monte, the last known survivor of the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]], died at a retirement facility in [[Marin County]] in 2016 aged 109.<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/12/us/william-del-monte-last-known-survivor-of-the-1906-san-francisco-earthquake-dies-at-109.html|title=William Del Monte, Last known Survivor of the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake, Dies at 109|work=The New York Times |agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref name="times">{{cite news|url=http://thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/obituaries/article4672393.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507182857/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/obituaries/article4672393.ece|archive-date=7 May 2016|title=William Del Monte|newspaper=The Times}}</ref>
* On 30 April 2016, [[Ida Keeling]] became the first woman in history to complete a 100-meter run aged 100. Her time of 1:17.33 was witnessed by a crowd of 44,469 at the 2016 [[Penn Relays]], until her death aged 106.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://masterstrack.com/w100-ida-keeling-makes-statement-with-100-wr-at-penn/|title=masterstrack.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/the-turnstile/watch--100-year-old-ida-keeling-breaks-100-meter-age-group-record-170631416.html?guid=nbc_oly_80older100m_160430&t=59|title=Watch: 100-year old Ida Keeling breaks 100-meter age group record|work=Yahoo Sports}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/sportsnow/la-sp-sn-ida-keeling-100-world-record-20160503-story.html|title=Watch 100-year-old Ida Keeling set a world record in the 100-meter dash, then do some push-ups |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>
* In 2017, Julia Hawkins (age 101) became the oldest woman ever in the USA Track and Field Outdoors Masters Championships, and ran the 100 meters in 40.12 seconds.<ref name="washingtonpost1">{{cite news|last=Payne |first=Marissa |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2017/07/15/i-missed-my-nap-for-this-101-year-old-sprinter-breaks-100-meter-dash-record/ |title='I missed my nap for this': 101-year-old sprinter breaks 100-meter dash record |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=27 July 2017}}</ref> Previously that year she had run the 100 meters in 39.62 seconds.<ref name="washingtonpost1"/> That is a new world record for women 100 or older.<ref name="washingtonpost1"/>

==See also==
{{col div|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Food choice of older adults]]
* [[Life extension]]
* [[Lists of centenarians]]
* [[New England Centenarian Study]]
* [[Okinawa Centenarian Study]]
* [[Oldest people]]
* [[Queensland Community Care Network]], which operates the centenarians-only 100+ club

{{colend}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book |first1=Tina |last1=Koch |first2=Debbie |last2=Kralik |first3=Charmaine |last3=Power |year=2005 |title=100 Years Old: 24 Australian Centenarians Tell Their Stories |publisher=Dilip kumarng |location=Camberwell, Vic |isbn=0-670-02872-X }}

==External links==
* [http://www.bumc.bu.edu/centenarian New England Centenarian Study]
* [http://www.okicent.org/ Okinawa Centenarian Study]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060216001232/http://paa2005.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=51387 Mortality of Centenarians] via Princeton University (archived 16 February 2006)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090111234128/http://politicalgraveyard.com/special/lived-long.html U.S. politicians who lived the longest] via Political Graveyard (archived 11 January 2009)
* [http://www.genarians.com/ Noted Nonagenarians and Centenarians] via Genarians.com
* [http://www.AdlerCentenarians.org/ Centenarian research and celebration] via AdlerCentenarians.org
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170616222541/http://www.ilcuk.org.uk/index.php/publications/publication_details/living_beyond_100_a_report_on_centenarians Living Beyond 100] via International Longevity Center UK (archived 16 June 2017)
* [http://www.demogr.mpg.de/Papers/Books/Monograph1/table5.htm Table of numbers of centenarians for select nations, 1960 and 1990] via Demogr.mpg.de
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070624175925/http://www.viadeicentenari.it/ENG/centenariansroadproject.htm Centenarians' Road Project website] (archived 24 June 2007)
* [http://oldestinbritain.nfshost.com/index.php Oldest People in Britain]

{{Longevity}}

[[Category:Lists of people by age|*Centenarians]]
[[Category:Centenarians| ]]
[[Category:Senescence]]

INSAT

2022-08-26T18:16:18Z

Raheeljib: Added a new addition to the platform.

#REDIRECT [[Indian National Satellite System]]