Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

South Africa national cricket team

2023-10-14T00:15:17Z

Radhika: /* Cricket World Cup */

{{short description|National cricket team of South Africa}}
{{about|the men's team|the women's team|South Africa women's national cricket team}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| name = South Africa
| image = [[Image:Southafrica cricket logo.svg|180px]]
| alt = Refer to caption
| caption = South Africa Cricket's coat of arms
| website = https://cricket.co.za/
| nickname = Proteas
| association = [[Cricket South Africa]]
| test_captain = [[Temba Bavuma]]
| od_captain = [[Temba Bavuma]]
| t20i_captain = [[Aiden Markram]]
| coach = [[Shukri Conrad]] (Test) Rob Walter (Limited Overs)
| icc_status = Full member
| icc_member_year = 1909
| icc_region = [[Africa Cricket Association]]

| test_rank = 4th
|odi_rank = 3rd
| odi_rank_best = 1st (1 May 1996))
| t20i_rank = 5th
| test_rank_best = 1st (1 January 1969)
| t20i_rank_best = 1st (8 August 2012)

| first_test = v {{cr|ENG}} at [[St George's Park Cricket Ground|St George's Park]], [[Port Elizabeth]], 12–13 March 1889
| most_recent_test = v {{cr|WIN}} at [[Wanderers Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]]; 8–11 March 2023
| num_tests = 460
| num_tests_this_year = 3
| test_record = 177/158 (125 draws)
| test_record_this_year = 2/0 (1 draw)

| wtc_apps = 2
| wtc_first = [[2019–2021 ICC World Test Championship|2019–2021]]
| wtc_best = 3rd place ([[2021–2023 ICC World Test Championship|2021–2023]])

| first_odi = v {{cr|IND}} at [[Eden Gardens]], [[Calcutta]]; 10 November 1991
| most_recent_odi = v {{cr|AUS}} at [[BRSABV Ekana Cricket Stadium]], [[Lucknow]]; 12 October 2023
| num_odis = 661
| num_odis_this_year = 14
| odi_record = 404/230 (6 ties, 21 no results)
|odi_record_this_year = 10/4 (0 ties, 0 no results)

| wc_apps = 8
| wc_first = [[1992 Cricket World Cup|1992]]
| wc_best = Semi-finalist ([[1992 Cricket World Cup|1992]], [[1999 Cricket World Cup|1999]], [[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007]], [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015]])
| first_t20i = v {{cr|NZL}} at [[Wanderers Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]]; 21 October 2005
| most_recent_t20i = v {{cr|AUS}} at [[Kingsmead Cricket Ground]], [[Durban]]; 3 September 2023
| num_t20is = 171
| num_t20is_this_year = 6
| t20i_record = 95/72 (1 tie, 3 no results)
| t20i_record_this_year = 1/5 (0 ties, 0 no results)

| wt20_apps = 8
| wt20_first = [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|2007]]
| wt20_best = Semi-finalist ([[2009 ICC World Twenty20|2009]], [[2014 ICC World Twenty20|2014]])

| h_pattern_la =
| h_pattern_b = _collar
| h_pattern_ra =
| h_pattern_pants =
| h_leftarm = FFFFF0
| h_body = FFFFF0
| h_rightarm = FFFFF0
| h_pants = FFFFF0
| a_pattern_la = _thinyellowborder
| a_pattern_b = _Roma1
| a_pattern_ra = _thinyellowborder
| a_pattern_pants =
| a_leftarm = 00884E
| a_body = 009148
| a_rightarm = 00884E
| a_pants = 00884E
| t_pattern_la = _greenborder3
| t_pattern_b = _collar_vert
| t_pattern_ra = _greenborder3
| t_pattern_pants =
| t_leftarm = FFDD00
| t_body = FFDD00
| t_rightarm = FFDD00
| t_pants = 00884E

| asofdate = 12 October 2023
}}

The '''South Africa men's national cricket team''', also known as the '''Proteas''', represent [[South Africa]] in men's [[international cricket]] and is administered by [[Cricket South Africa]] (CSA). South Africa is a full member of the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC), Its nickname derives from South Africa's [[Floral emblem|national flower]], ''[[Protea cynaroides]]'', commonly known as the "King Protea".

South Africa entered [[First-class cricket|first-class]] and international cricket at the same time when they hosted an [[England cricket team]] in the 1888–89 season. Initially, the team was no match for [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] or [[England cricket team|England]] but, having gained experience and expertise, they were able to field a competitive team by the first decade of the 20th century. The team regularly played against Australia, England and [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] through to the 1960s, by which time there was considerable opposition to the country's [[apartheid]] policy. The ICC imposed an international ban on the team, commensurate with actions taken by other global sporting bodies. When the ban was imposed, South Africa had developed to a point where its team was arguably the very best in the world, and had even out-played Australia.

The ban remained in place until 1991, after which South Africa played against [[India national cricket team|India]], [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]], [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] and the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] for the first time. The team has been strong since its reinstatement, and has at several times held the number-one positions in international rankings. South Africa is also one of the most successful teams in ODI cricket, winning more than 60 per cent of their matches.<ref name="results_summ">{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283878.html |title=Records; One-Day Internationals; ESPN Cricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=1 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224020144/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283878.html |archive-date=24 February 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, the [[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998 Champions Trophy]] is its sole success in ICC-organised tournaments. South Africa won the gold medal at the [[Commonwealth Games]] in [[Cricket at the 1998 Commonwealth Games|1998]].<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/77653.html ''The Commonwealth Games Experience'' by Shaun Pollock] ESPN Cricinfo</ref>

As of October 2022, team is currently ranked 4th in ODIs, 5th in T20Is and 4th in Tests.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=ICC overview of Player Rankings International Cricket Council|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/rankings/mens/overview|access-date=28 January 2021|website=[[International Cricket Council]]|language=en}}</ref>

==History==
===Beginnings and early developments===
{{main|History of cricket in South Africa to 1918}}
European colonisation of southern Africa began on Tuesday, 6 April 1652 when the [[Dutch East India Company]] established a settlement called the [[Cape Colony]] on [[Table Bay]], near present-day [[Cape Town]], and continued to expand into the hinterland through the 17th and 18th centuries. It was founded as a victualling station for the Dutch East Indies trade route but soon acquired an importance of its own due to its good farmland and mineral wealth. There was virtually no British interest in South Africa until 1795 when troops under General Sir [[James Henry Craig]] seized Cape Colony during the [[French Revolutionary War]], the Netherlands having been occupied by French forces the same year. After the British seized Cape Colony a second time in 1806 to counteract French interests in the region in the course of the [[Napoleonic Wars]], Cape Colony was turned into a permanent British settlement. As in most other parts of the world, British colonisation brought in its wake the introduction of the game of [[cricket]], which began to develop rapidly. The first-ever recorded cricket match in South Africa took place in 1808, in Cape Town between two service teams for a prize of one thousand rix-dollars.<ref name="auto">[http://bleacherreport.com/articles/79768-history-of-south-african-sport-vi-cricket History of South African sport – Cricket] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909122025/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/79768-history-of-south-african-sport-vi-cricket |date=9 September 2017 }} BleacherReport. 9 November 2008. Retrieved 16 June 2017.</ref>

The oldest cricket club in South Africa is the Port Elizabeth Cricket Club, founded in 1843. In 1862, an annual fixture "Mother Country v Colonial Born" was staged for the first time in Cape Town. By the late 1840s, the game had spread from its early roots in Cape Colony and permeated the [[Afrikaners]] in the territories of [[Orange Free State]] and [[South African Republic|Transvaal]], who were descendants of the original Dutch settlers and were not considered naturally a cricket-playing people. In 1876, Port Elizabeth presented the "Champion Bat" for competition between South African towns. The first tournament was staged in [[Port Elizabeth]]. King William's Town Cricket Club won the tournament in 1876 and the following year, in 1877, too.<ref name="auto"/>

In 1888, [[Donald Currie|Sir Donald Currie]] sponsored the first [[English cricket team in South Africa in 1888–89|English team]] to tour South Africa. It was managed by [[Robert Warton (umpire)|Major R. G. Warton]] and captained by future Hollywood actor [[C. Aubrey Smith]]. The tour marked the advent, retrospectively, of both [[first-class cricket|first-class]] and [[Test cricket]] in South Africa. Currie donated the [[Sunfoil Series|Currie Cup]] (originally called the Kimberley Cup) that became the trophy, first won by [[Gauteng cricket team|Transvaal]] in 1889–90, for a national championship of the provincial teams in South Africa.<ref name="auto"/>

===Early Test history===
In 1889, South Africa became the third test-playing nation when it played against England at Port Elizabeth,<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/62426.html South Africa's debut Test match 1889 scorecard] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 17 June 2017.</ref> captained by [[Owen Dunell|Owen Robert Dunell]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Coverdrive: Owen Dunell, South Africa's first skipper|url=http://coverdrive.co.za/2017/08/23/owen-dunnell-south-africas-first-skipper/|access-date=31 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401075109/http://coverdrive.co.za/2017/08/23/owen-dunnell-south-africas-first-skipper/|archive-date=1 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Soon after, a 2nd test was played at Cape Town. However, these two matches, as was the case with all early matches involving the erstwhile 'South African XI' against all touring teams, did not receive the status of official 'Test' matches until South Africa formed the [[International Cricket Council|Imperial Cricket Conference]] with England and Australia in 1906. Neither did the touring English team organised by Major Warton even claim to be representing the [[England national cricket team|English cricket team]]; the matches were marketed as 'Major Warton's XI' v/s 'South African XI' instead. Even the players who participated did not know that they had played international cricket, and the side that played South Africa was regarded to be of weak county strength. The team was captained by [[C. Aubrey Smith]], a decent medium pacer from [[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]], and for two of the Major Warton's XI, [[Basil Grieve]] and [[Charles Coventry (British Army officer)|The Honourable Charles Coventry]], the two Tests constituted their entire first-class career. Even so, the nascent, fledgling 'South African XI' was very weak, losing both tests comfortably to England, English spinner [[Johnny Briggs (cricketer)|Johnny Briggs]] claiming 15–28 in the second Test at Cape Town.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/436989.html The ignorant internationals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515095405/http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/436989.html |date=15 May 2017 }} Martin Williamson, ESPNcricinfo. 28 November 2009. Retrieved 11 November 2011.</ref> However, [[Albert Rose-Innes]] did make history by becoming the first South African bowler to take a five-wicket haul in Tests at Port Elizabeth.

South Africa's early Test record remains the worst among all current Test-playing nations with ten defeats and just a solitary draw from their first eleven tests,<ref name="auto1">[http://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/south-africa-beat-england-in-a-thriller-to-achieve-their-maiden-test-win-86197 South Africa beat England in a thriller to achieve their maiden Test win] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520053733/http://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/south-africa-beat-england-in-a-thriller-to-achieve-their-maiden-test-win-86197 |date=20 May 2018 }} Cricket Country. 8 January 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2017.</ref> and it was not until 1904 that they began to emerge as a quality international team. They recorded their first Test win against England in 1906, which took them 17 years. The low point of this barren early period for the South African team was an [[English cricket team in South Africa in 1895–96|English tour of 1895–96]], where South Africa was humiliated 3–0 in 3 Tests by an English side for the first time remotely comparable to a full-strength team, losing all the tests by 288 runs,<ref>[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/4/4478.html England vs South Africa 1st Test 1895–96 Scorecard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902230143/http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/4/4478.html |date=2 September 2017 }} CricketArchive. Retrieved 17 June 2016.</ref> an innings and 197 runs,<ref>[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/4/4485.html England vs South Africa 2nd Test 1895–96 Scorecard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520125720/https://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/4/4485.html |date=20 May 2018 }} CricketArchive. Retrieved 17 June 2017.</ref> and by an innings and 32 runs<ref>[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/4/4488.html England vs South Africa 3rd Test 1895–96 Scorecard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520054456/https://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/4/4488.html |date=20 May 2018 }} CricketArchive. Retrieved 17 June 2017</ref> respectively. The touring English team, arranged by [[Martin Hawke, 7th Baron Hawke|Lord Hawke]], included four of the best cricketers of the world at the time: [[Tom Hayward]], [[C.B. Fry]], [[George Lohmann]] and [[Sammy Woods]].

===Emergence as a quality international team===
[[File: Jimmy Sinclair c1905.jpg|left|thumb|[[Jimmy Sinclair]], who holds the record for the highest [[strike rate]] in the history of [[Test cricket]]]]
In the early 1900s, the first world-class South African cricket team emerged, comprising stars such [[Bonnor Middleton]], [[Jimmy Sinclair]], [[Charlie Llewellyn]], [[Dave Nourse]], [[Louis Tancred]], [[Aubrey Faulkner]], [[Reggie Schwarz]], [[Percy Sherwell]], [[Tip Snooke]], [[Bert Vogler]], and [[Gordon White (cricketer)|Gordon White]], players who were capable of giving any international teams a run for their money. In addition to possessing batsmen such as Sinclair (the batsman with the highest [[strike rate]] in Test history), Nourse, Tancred, all-rounder Faulkner, Sherwell, Snooker, and White, the South Africans developed the world's first (and arguably greatest) spin attack which specialised in [[googly]]. Greatest among the South African googly quartet was Schwarz, who, inspired by English googly bowler [[Bernard Bosanquet (cricketer)|Bernard Bosanquet]], regarded as the inventor of the googly, developed into the most devastating googly bowler of his time. He taught diligently the secrets of the googly to allrounder Faulkner, medium-pacer Vogler, and specialist batsman White, and together the four formed a quartet which began to lead South Africa to unprecedented heights in Test cricket.<ref name="auto1"/> Another important force during this period for South Africa was the all-around performances of Faulkner and Llewellyn. Faulkner came to be regarded as the first great South African all-rounders in the international game, regarded by some as even the greatest all-rounder in the world in the pre-1st World War period.<ref>[http://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/aubrey-faulkner-the-first-of-the-great-south-african-all-rounders-76039 Aubrey Faulkner: The first of the great South African all-rounders] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909035413/https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/aubrey-faulkner-the-first-of-the-great-south-african-all-rounders-76039 |date=9 September 2018 }} Cricket Country. 17 December 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2017.</ref>

[[File: Aubrey Faulkner c1920.jpg|left|thumb|[[Aubrey Faulkner]], regarded as the first great South African all-rounder in [[international cricket]]. In a legendary 25-match [[Test cricket|Test]] career spanning from 1906 to 1924, he scored 1754 runs at 40.79 and claimed 82 wickets at 26.58]]
[[File: Reggie Schwarz c1905.jpg|right|thumb|[[Reggie Schwarz]], the pioneer of the [[googly]] and the 'googly revolution' in South Africa and one of the world's first great googly bowlers]]

The [[Australia national cricket team|Australian cricket team]] [[Australian cricket team in South Africa in 1902–03|toured]] South Africa in 1902, with an extremely strong squad comprising many prominent members of 'The Golden Age of Australian Cricket' such as [[Victor Trumper]], [[Joe Darling]], [[Clem Hill]], [[Syd Gregory]], [[Monty Noble]], [[Reggie Duff]], [[Warwick Armstrong]], [[Hugh Trumble]], and [[Ernie Jones (Australian sportsman)|Ernie Jones]]. Though South Africa lost the 3-match Test series 2–0, they avoided defeat for the first time by drawing the first game at Johannesburg, even forcing the touring side to follow on thanks to some outstanding all-round performances from Llewellyn.<ref name="auto1"/>

In 1904, South Africa was invited by the [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] for a [[South African cricket team in England in 1904|tour of England]] to play a series of first-class matches, the team not being regarded as sufficiently high standard to play-official Tests. The side won ten out of their twenty-two matches, including a thrilling [[Result (cricket)#Tie|tie]] with [[Middlesex County Cricket Club|Middlesex]], who finished among the top four in that year's [[County Championship]], due to some magic weaved by Schwarz through his googlies. He repeated his heroics against an all-England XI, whom South Africa recorded an upset victory against by 189 runs. Unfortunately, the match was not accorded official Test status.<ref name="auto1"/>

In 1906, England made a reciprocal [[English cricket team in South Africa in 1905–06|tour]] to South Africa, which this time consisted of a 5-match official Test series. The touring English team was a second-string team, with only [[Colin Blythe]], [[Schofield Haigh]] and [[Jack Crawford (cricketer)|JN Crawford]] being those who could be considered regulars of the England team. Nevertheless, South Africa was still not favouriting going into the series. However, in a shocking result at [[Johannesburg]], the inspired South Africans, led by Sherwell and their googly quartet, defeated England by 1 wicket, thereby recording her first Test win. Schwarz, Vogler, and Faulkner led the way for South Africa.<ref name="auto1"/> Afterwards, South Africa defeated England by 9 wickets in the 2nd Test at Johannesburg, a 243-run win in the 3rd test at the same venue as well as an innings-and-16 runs victory at Cape Town in the 5th Test to secure a 4–1 domination of England. Schwarz picked up 18 in the series at 17.22, Faulkner 14 at 19.42. However, Vogler was not so successful with 9 wickets at 22.33.<ref name="auto1"/> The series is widely recognised as the one which heralded the arrival of South Africa as a major force on the international cricket scene. The MCC duly complied by inviting the South African team to [[South African cricket team in England in 1907|tour]] England in 1907 for the first time to play-official Tests. Though the series finished 1–0 to England with two draws, the quartet of Schwarz, Faulkner, Vogler, and White were praised for their exceptional quality of googly bowling,<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Green |editor-first=Benny |title=Wisden Anthology 1900–1940 |publisher=[[Queen Anne Press]] |location=London |year=1980 |isbn=0-362-00513-3 |chapter=South African bowling, 1907 |last=Foster |first=R. E. |author-link=R. E. Foster |pages=44–47}}</ref> and Schwarz and Vogler came to be recognised as [[Wisden Cricketers of the Year|'' Wisden'' Cricketers of the Year]] the following year – the first South Africans to win the prestigious [[award]].

England's next [[English cricket team in South Africa in 1909–10|tour]] of South Africa came about in 1909–10. Once again, South Africa was dominant, winning the 5-match Test series 3–2, with victories in the first Test at Johannesburg by 19 runs,<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/8/8050.html South Africa vs England 1st Test Scorecard 1909–10] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913234328/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/8/8050.html |date=13 September 2017 }} CricketArchive. Retrieved 18 June 2017</ref> second Test at [[Durban]] by 95 runs,<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/8/8057.html South Africa vs England 2nd Test Scorecard 1909–10] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912203441/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/8/8057.html |date=12 September 2017 }} CricketArchive. Retrieved 18 June 2017</ref> and by 4 wickets in the 4th Test at Cape Town.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/8/8075.html South Africa vs England 4th Test Scorecard 1909–10] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912202925/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/8/8075.html |date=12 September 2017 }} CricketArchive. Retrieved 18 June 2017</ref> South Africa's captain was [[Tip Snooke]].

The South African cricket team [[South African cricket team in Australia in 1910–11|toured]] Australia for the first time in 1910–11. The Australian team was then considered as the leading cricket team of the era, in what has been described as 'The Golden Age of Australian Cricket'. Led by the legendary [[Clem Hill]] and the batting exploits of [[Victor Trumper]], Australia won the 5-match Test series comfortably 4–1, though South Africa made history by recording their first-ever overseas Test victory, as well as a maiden Test victory against Australia at the 3rd Test in [[Adelaide Oval]].<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/62508.html Australia vs South Africa 3rd Test Scorecard 1910–11] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114030504/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/62508.html |date=14 January 2017 }} ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</ref> The tour was significant for the rise of [[Billy Zulch]] as a leading batsman of the South African cricket team; and after a resolute 150 in the 1st Test at [[Sydney Cricket Ground]] in a heavy innings defeat for South Africa,<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/48109.html Players: Billy Zulch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707055221/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/48109.html |date=7 July 2017 }} ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 18 June 2017</ref> he scored South Africa's highest individual score of 105 in their maiden overseas Test win at Adelaide, a match also characterised by the all-round performances [[Charlie Llewellyn]] and the outstanding bowling of [[Reggie Schwarz]].

South Africa's next international cricketing involvement was a [[1912 Triangular Tournament|triangular tournament]] held in England, involving England, Australia, and South Africa, the only three Test-playing nations of the era. By this time, the googly duo of Schwarz and White were past their prime, while Vogler had already retired. Additionally, retirements of key players such as Sherwell ensured that South Africa was nowhere near their best in the series. South Africa finished bottom with just one draw, but the series was notable for the debut of [[Herbie Taylor]], regarded as one of the finest batsmen of the era. The tournament marked the international swansong for Schwarz and White. The tournament also marked the peak of the short, but moderately successful test career of medium-pacer [[Sid Pegler]], whose rise, coinciding as it did with the decline of Schwarz and Vogler, briefly caused him to hold the mantle of the lead bowler of the South African bowling attack before as well as to emerge as South Africa's leading bowler and a resounding success in the Triangular tournament, before commitments elsewhere in the form of the appointment as a colonial district commissioner in [[Nyasaland]] forced him to drift out of cricket – meaning that the enormous potential that he showed in that Triangular, as well as the expectations that he could be a mainstay in the South African bowling in the coming years, were not quite fulfilled.

[[File: Herbie Taylor 1924-04-29.jpg|thumb|[[Herbie Taylor]], whose career spanned 20 years and 42 Tests, was the first South African to reach the landmark of 2,500 Test [[Run (cricket)|runs]] at an average of 40.77. He was the mainstay of the South African batting as well as one of the leading batsmen in the world from his debut in 1912 until his retirement in 1932. He was an expert on the matting pitches that were prevalent in South Africa at the time and scored six of his seven centuries at home. His batting was also noted for quick footwork and exceptional 'back play'.]]

Prodigious batsman Herbie Taylor was named captain of the South African team to face off against [[English cricket team in South Africa in 1913–14|the visiting English team]] in 1913–14, in what would prove South Africa's last international cricketing involvement before the First World War. Overall, the series was extremely poor for a South African side in transition, who failed to replicate the achievements of the South African sides 1905–06 and 1909–10, losing the 5-match Test series 4–0 against an extremely strong English side playing under the banner of the MCC. However, the series became memorable for Herbie Taylor's exceptional batting, who heralded his arrival as a new colossus in the world game, scoring a phenomenal 508 runs at an [[Batting average (cricket)|average]] of 50.80 against a terrific [[Sydney Barnes]] at his prime, who had claimed a record 49 wickets during the series [[Bowling average|at]] just 10.93. The cricket historian [[Harry Altham|H.S. Altham]] wrote: "The English cricketers were unanimous that finer batting than his against Barnes at his best they never hoped to see." [[Neville Cardus]] noted it was "perhaps the most skillful of all Test performances by a batsman." It also led Cardus to count Taylor as "one of the six greatest batsmen of the post-Grace period".

===The inter-war years===
{{main|History of cricket in South Africa from 1918–19 to 1945}}
The war brought in its wake the temporary suspension of international cricket. [[Sunfoil Series|The Currie Cup]], which had hitherto not been held during the years of [[Second Boer War|The Boer War]] (1899–1902) and on the years when England had visited as a touring team, faced cancellation during the years of war (1914–18). Cricketing activity in South Africa resumed to normal with the armistice in November 1918.

Post World War I, South Africa first hosted in 1919–20 an Australian Imperial Forces side boasting cricketers of the calibre of [[Jack Gregory (cricketer)|Jack Gregory]], [[Herbie Collins]], [[Bert Oldfield]], and [[Nip Pellew]]. The South African XI lost both of their matches against them.

Australia became the first international team to make an official tour to South Africa in 1921–22. The first two tests at Durban and Johannesburg were drawn,<ref>[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/10/10325.html 1st Test South Africa vs Australia 1921–22 Scorecard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520053915/https://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/10/10325.html |date=20 May 2018 }} CricketArchive. Retrieved 18 June 2017</ref><ref>[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/10/10326.html 2nd Test South Africa vs Australia 1921–22 Scorecard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520054731/https://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/10/10326.html |date=20 May 2018 }} CricketArchive. Retrieved 18 June 2017</ref> with Australia sealing the series 1–0 with a 10-wicket win in the 3rd Test at Cape Town.<ref>[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/10/10331.html 3rd Test South Africa vs Australia 1921–22 Scorecard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520124201/https://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/10/10331.html |date=20 May 2018 }} CricketArchive. Retrieved 18 June 2017</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://content.cricinfo.com/statsguru/engine/series/60303.html |title=Australia in South Africa Test Series, 1921/22 – Matches |access-date=21 May 2009 |work=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130120014308/http://content.cricinfo.com/statsguru/engine/series/60303.html |archive-date=20 January 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Herbie Taylor, who captained the South Africans, finished with 200 runs at 33.33. [[Claude Carter]] was the South Africans' leading bowler, taking 15 wickets at 21.93.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/2/Australia_in_South_Africa_1921-22/t_South_Africa_Bowling.html| title = Test bowling for South Africa 1921–22| website = CricketArchive| access-date = 4 February 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170204170121/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/2/Australia_in_South_Africa_1921-22/t_South_Africa_Bowling.html| archive-date = 4 February 2017| url-status = live}}</ref>

[[File: Bruce Mitchell cricketer 1935.jpg|left|thumb|[[Bruce Mitchell (cricketer)|Bruce Mitchell]], who scored 3,471 Test runs, at that time a national record]]
[[File: Dudley Nourse.jpg|right|thumb|[[Dudley Nourse]], who scored 2960 Test runs in 34 Tests at 53.81 and had 9 centuries to his credit, at the time a national record]]
The following season, in 1922–23, an English cricket team [[English cricket team in South Africa in 1922–23|toured]]. Just like nine years, previous Taylor was at his best. In the first Test at Johannesburg, he batted at number three and in the second innings scored a superb 176, the next highest score in the match was 50.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://content.cricinfo.com/statsguru/engine/match/62534.html |title=South Africa v England, 1922/23, First Test, Scorecard |access-date=21 May 2009 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Taylor's knock included 25 boundaries and was the largest by a South African against England.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/statsguru/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;opposition=1;team=3;template=results;type=batting;view=innings |title=Statsguru – Test matches – Highest innings for South Africa against England |access-date=21 May 2009 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> South Africa won the Test by 168 runs, it was Taylor's first victory as captain and as a Test player.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/statsguru/engine/player/47535.html?class=1;template=results;type=allround;view=results |title=Statsguru – HW Taylor – Test matches – Match results |access-date=21 May 2009 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He followed that in the second Test with scores of 9 and 68 as England narrowly won by one wicket.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://content.cricinfo.com/statsguru/engine/match/62535.html |title=South Africa v England, 1922/23, Second Test, Scorecard |access-date=21 May 2009 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In the third Test at Durban he was moved back up to open the innings, he scored 91 and shared 110 with [[Bob Catterall]]. The third day's play was washed out leaving the draw inevitable in a four-day match.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://content.cricinfo.com/statsguru/engine/match/62536.html |title=South Africa v England, 1922/23, Third Test, Scorecard |access-date=21 May 2009 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> The fourth Test was also drawn, Taylor scored 11 at number four and then moved back as the opener in the second innings made 101. ''Wisden'' wrote: "Taylor, who hit out freely when fear of defeat had gone, played a masterly game, but he had a little luck".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://content.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/151696.html |title=England v South Africa, 1922–23, Fourth Test – Match Report |access-date=21 May 2009 |year=1924 |work=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive |publisher=John Wisden & Co. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011063826/http://content.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/151696.html |archive-date=11 October 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> With the series still level at 1–1, the fifth and final Test was made [[Timeless Test|Timeless]] to ensure a winner of the series. England's [[C. A. G. Russell]] scored two centuries in the match and South Africa were set a target fourth innings target of 344. Taylor, at number four, batted for four and a half hours over an innings of 102 however he received little support from his teammates and South Africa lost by 109 runs.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://content.cricinfo.com/statsguru/engine/match/62538.html |title=South Africa v England, 1922/23, Fifth Test, Scorecard |access-date=21 May 2009 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Taylor finished the series with 582 runs at 64.66 and was the highest scorer on either side, his total was 278 more than the next South African.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=45;type=series |title=England in South Africa Test Series, 1922/23 – Most runs |access-date=21 May 2009 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> His series total was at the time a Test record for a captain, later surpassed by [[Don Bradman]] in 1936.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/statsguru/engine/stats/index.html?captain=1;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;template=results;type=batting;view=series |title=Statsguru – Test matches – Most runs in a series by captain |access-date=21 May 2009 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> His three centuries in the series set a South African Test record which was only bettered in 2003/04 by [[Jacques Kallis]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/statsguru/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=start;qualmin1=3;qualval1=hundreds;team=3;template=results;type=batting;view=series |title=Statsguru – Test matches – Three or more hundreds in a series by a South African |access-date=21 May 2009 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> The ''Wisden'' report of the series recorded that "H. W. Taylor as a batsman was in a class by himself".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://content.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/155202.html |title=England M. C. C. team in South Africa 1922–23 – Series Report |access-date=21 May 2009 |year=1924 |work=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online archive |publisher=John Wisden & Co. |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714013940/http://content.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/155202.html |archive-date=14 July 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> The series cemented Taylor's position as a leading batsman in the world.

With Faulkner retiring in 1924, the South Africans, who had only two quality players in Taylor and Cattrell, underwent somewhat of a barren period in the 1920s. However, the emergence of a new generation of South African cricketers, more so in their batting than in their bowling, in the 1930s such as [[Bruce Mitchell (cricketer)|Bruce Mitchell]], [[Xen Balaskas]], [[Ken Viljoen]], [[Dudley Nourse]], [[Eric Rowan]], [[Alan Melville]], [[Pieter van der Bijl]], and [[Ronnie Grieveson]] once again ensured that South Africa became a top-quality international team. The team's leading batsmen during this era were Mitchell, Nourse, Rowan, Melville, and van der Bijl. Nourse, in particular, became famous for his hand-eye coordination and his excellent fielding, one of many to be produced by South Africa in the coming decades; natural skills which were according to legend inspired and developed by his father Dave's refusal to coach him as a youngster, demanding that he learned the rudiments of the game on his own, as he himself had. This South African team was also distinct from past South African teams in one respect: whereas the previous teams had been composed entirely of British-origin players, this team had Afrikaners like van der Bijl and Greeks such as Balaskas, regarded by wide consensus to be the greatest [[Greeks|Greek]] cricketer ever.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Stern |editor-first=John |title=My Favourite Cricketer |publisher=[[A & C Black]] |location=London |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-4081-2340-9 |chapter=Graeme Pollock |last=Kuper |first=Simon |author-link=Simon Kuper |pages=118–121}}</ref>

===The post-war years===
{{main|History of cricket in South Africa from 1945–46 to 1970}}
The South African cricket team toured England in 1947. At [[Trent Bridge]], Captain [[Alan Melville]] and [[captain (cricket)|vice-captain]], [[Dudley Nourse]] achieved a Test match record for a third wicket partnership of 319. The following year Nourse, 38-year-old captain of [[Natal Province|Natal]], was appointed Captain for the 1948 MCC Test matches in South Africa.<ref name=Times1948>[[The Times]], 27 October 1948, ''Cricket South Africa's Captain''</ref>

They continued to play regularly against [[England cricket team|England]], [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] and [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] until 1970.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/series_results.html?class=1;id=3;type=team |title=Records / South Africa / Test matches / Series results |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 November 2011}}</ref> The membership rules of the [[International Cricket Council|Imperial Cricket Conference]] (ICC) meant that when South Africa left the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] in May 1961, they also left the ICC. Despite the rules being changed in 1964 to allow other nations to be "Associate" members, South Africa did not reapply.<ref name="icchistory">{{cite web |url=http://icc-cricket.yahoo.net/the-icc/about_the_organisation/history.php |title=History of the International Cricket Council |publisher=[[International Cricket Council]] |access-date=17 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706011331/http://icc-cricket.yahoo.net/the-icc/about_the_organisation/history.php |archive-date=6 July 2009 }}</ref> Due to South African [[apartheid laws]], which introduced legal [[racial segregation]] to the country in 1948, no non-white (defined under the legislation as either "black", "coloured" or "Indian") player was eligible to play Test cricket for South Africa.<ref>{{cite |title=International Boycott of Apartheid Sport |last1=Minty |first1=Abdul |publisher=United Nations Unit on Apartheid |date=April 1971 }}</ref>

===The international ban===
{{main|History of cricket in South Africa from 1970–71 to 1990}}
The [[anti-apartheid movement]] led the ICC to impose a moratorium on tours in 1970.<ref>{{cite book |last=Booth |first=Douglas |author-link=Doug Booth |title=The Race Game: Sport and Politics in South Africa |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-7146-4799-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/racegamesportpol0000boot/page/99 99] |url=https://archive.org/details/racegamesportpol0000boot/page/99 }}</ref> This decision excluded players such as [[Graeme Pollock]], [[Barry Richards]] and [[Mike Procter]] from international Test cricket for most of their careers. It would also cause the emigration of future stars such as [[Allan Lamb]] and [[Robin Smith (cricketer)|Robin Smith]], who both played for England, and [[Kepler Wessels]], who initially played for Australia before returning to South Africa. World class cricketers of their day such as [[Clive Rice]] and [[Vintcent van der Bijl]] also never played Test Cricket despite their strong first class records.

===A rainbow nation===
{{main|History of cricket in South Africa from 1990–91 to 2000}}
The [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] reinstated South Africa as a Test nation in 1991, and the team played its first [[:wikt: sanction|sanction]]ed international match since 1970 (and its first-ever One-Day International) against [[India national cricket team|India]] in [[Calcutta]] on 10 November 1991 losing by 3 wickets. South Africa's first Test match after re-admission was played against the [[West Indies Cricket Team|West Indies]] in April 1992. The match was played in [[Bridgetown, Barbados]] and South Africa lost by 52 runs.

Since South Africa has been reinstated they have achieved mixed success and hosted the [[International Cricket Council]] [[Cricket World Cup]] in 2003. However, it is widely believed<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/international/england/10128812/Champions-Trophy-2013-England-underachievers-v-South-Africa-chokers-battle-to-lose-tags.html|title=Champions Trophy 2013: England (underachievers) v South Africa (chokers) battle to lose tags|first=Derek|last=Pringle|date=18 June 2013|access-date=8 September 2018|work=The Daily Telegraph|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909000217/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/international/england/10128812/Champions-Trophy-2013-England-underachievers-v-South-Africa-chokers-battle-to-lose-tags.html|archive-date=9 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> the sides containing the likes of [[Allan Donald]], [[Shaun Pollock]], [[Gary Kirsten]], [[Jacques Kallis]] and [[Hansie Cronje]] grossly underachieved, gaining a reputation as "[[Choke (sports)|chokers]]", due to them reaching the semi-finals of the [[Cricket World Cup]] four times, but failing to progress into the finals. In the second part of the 1990s, South Africa had the highest winning percentage in ODIs of any team, but they were knocked out of the 1996 World Cup in the [[quarter-finals]], and then were eliminated on countback after tying their [[semi-final]] against Australia in 1999.

Their most noted international win was their win in the inaugural [[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|Champions Trophy]] in 1998. The team also won Commonwealth Games Gold medal in [[Cricket at the 1998 Commonwealth Games|1998]].

===21st century Proteas===
{{main|History of cricket in South Africa from 2000–01}}
[[File: South African Cricket team 2008.jpg|thumb|left|400px|The South African team at [[The Oval]] in August 2008]]
In the 2003 World Cup, South Africa was one of the favourites but was eliminated by only one run in the group stages after they had mistakenly counted the number of runs they needed. They have also had bad press for failing in vital matches in global tournaments including the [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy]] and the [[2007 ICC World Twenty20]].<ref>[http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/twenty20wc/content/current/story/311892.html South Africa choke on their lines again Hugh Chevallier in Durban] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010001218/http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/twenty20wc/content/current/story/311892.html |date=10 October 2007 }} 20 September 2007 Cricinfo</ref>

With [[Allan Donald|Donald]] retiring, Cronje banned for [[match-fixing]] and later [[Hansie Cronje#Death|killed in a plane crash]], and Pollock also retiring from international cricket, the team once again changed shape. [[Graeme Smith]] was made captain, although following injuries to Smith and [[Jacques Kallis]], [[Ashwell Prince]] deputised as Test captain on 12 July 2006. At the age of 29, he became the first [[Person of color|non-white]] man to captain the once all-white South African cricket team. Although that [[racial quota]] policy, was rescinded in 2007,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/front_page/7082466.stm South Africa Remove Racial Quotas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109071213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/front_page/7082466.stm |date=9 November 2007 }} 7 November 2007 BBC Sport</ref> a new rule passed in 2016 stated that the team had to have an average minimum of six Black players, of which two must be Black African, in matches over the season.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-cricket-safrica-quotas/south-africa-announce-racial-quotas-for-national-team-idUKKCN1190M8|title=South Africa announce racial quotas for national team|newspaper=Reuters|date=3 September 2016|access-date=8 September 2018}}</ref>

With the addition of high-class players such as AB de Villiers and Hashim Amla, the South African Cricket team started rising in the ICC rankings. After many of the major players in the [[Australia national cricket team|Australian]] side that had dominated the early 2000s had retired, the number one place in the [[ICC Test Championship]] was a wide-open race, with [[India national cricket team|India]] and [[England national cricket team|England]] having short stints as the number one side. [[South Africa cricket team in England in 2012|South Africa toured England in 2012]] for a three-Test series with the winner assured of being the world No. 1. South Africa went on to take the series comfortably 2–0 and claim the top spot in the rankings, a position they retained for over a full calendar year from 20 August 2012.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/rankings/content/current/page/211271.html ICC Rankings] 17 October 2013 ESPN Cricinfo</ref> Eight days later, on 28 August 2012, South Africa became the first team to top the rankings in all [[Cricket#Types of matches|three formats of the game]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/england-v-south-africa-2012/content/story/579730.html |title=Amla ton leads SA to third No. 1 spot |last=McGlashan |first=Andrew |date=28 August 2012 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=25 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004034225/http://www.espncricinfo.com/england-v-south-africa-2012/content/story/579730.html |archive-date=4 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In February 2014 South Africa took on Australia in a Test series, with the winner being ranked No. 1 team in the world. Australia won the series 2–1.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/south-africa-v-australia-2013-14/engine/series/648635.html|title=Results {{!}} South Africa v Australia {{!}} ESPN Cricinfo|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> South Africa later in the year would regain the No. 1 ranking. As of 4 May 2020, South Africa is ranked 6th in Test Cricket.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/team-rankings/test|title=ICC Test match Team Rankings International Cricket Council|website=icc-cricket.com|access-date=19 May 2020}}</ref>

During this time of dominance in the Test arena, the ODI and T20I performances were far less consistent, as South Africa search for a winning formula ahead of the [[2014 ICC World Twenty20]] and the [[2015 ICC Cricket World Cup]]. A notable ODI series loss to [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] at home in January 2013, and a further loss in [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] highlighted South Africa's recent difficulties. Exits from the [[2012 ICC World Twenty20]] and the [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy]] only served to improve South Africa's reputation as 'chokers' in major tournaments. In the latter years of Smith's career, South Africa split the captaincy in the shorter forms of the game, with the ODI side being led by [[AB de Villiers]] and the T20I side by [[Faf du Plessis]]. After Smith's retirement, [[Hashim Amla]] was appointed captain of the test side, leading his side to victory in his first test in charge, in [[Galle]] in Sri Lanka.

==Tournaments==

South Africa has a record of failing to win world cups and is much-maligned because of this. The [[1992 Cricket World Cup]], for example, featured a rain-affected semi-final played before the introduction of the [[Duckworth-Lewis]] rain rule. South Africa needed 22 runs from 13 balls when rain intervened. After the delay, they were left in the situation of requiring 22 runs from one ball to progress. In 1996 they were eliminated in the quarter-finals despite being one of the fancied teams and having qualified first in their group. In 1999 South Africa lost in the semi-final to eventual champions Australia. The match ended in a tie with both South Africa and Australia managing 213 but [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] advanced to the Final as Australia finished higher than South Africa in the group.

South Africa hosted the [[2003 Cricket World Cup]] but failed to progress beyond the group stage due to a misunderstanding of how many runs they needed to score in a rain-affected run chase. As a result of this, [[Shaun Pollock]] resigned as captain and was replaced by young batsman [[Graeme Smith]], although Pollock continued to play for the team. Under Smith's leadership, South Africa has achieved some success, although they have been hampered by the retirements of many star players, including fast bowler [[Allan Donald]] and one-day specialist [[Jonty Rhodes]]. As a result, they had a poor 2004, only winning against the [[West Indies cricket team|Windies]].

In the [[2007 Cricket World Cup]] they had a rollercoaster ride that included dominant wins over [[England national cricket team|England]], the West Indies, [[Ireland national cricket team|Ireland]], [[Netherlands national cricket team|Netherlands]] and [[Scotland national cricket team|Scotland]], and a narrow win over [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]], but devastating losses to Australia, [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] and Bangladesh that cost them the No. 1 ranking. Then they bowed out in the semi-finals with their lowest ever score in a World Cup as Australia bowled them out for 149 and won by 7 wickets.

In the [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011 World Cup]], South Africa topped Group B with the distinction of bowling out every side they played within the 50 over the limit, which also included a famous victory over hosts India. In the quarter-final, they were beaten by New Zealand after suffering a dramatic collapse and losing eight wickets for 64 runs.

Even after many setbacks, their biggest heartbreak was awaiting them in the [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015 World cup]] semi-final where they lost to the tournament runners-up New Zealand in a rain-affected tie. Batting first South Africa posted 281–5 and set a revised target of 298 to New Zealand, thanks to an amazing batting performance by [[Faf du Plessis]], [[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]] and captain [[AB de Villiers]]. Chasing a mammoth target of 298 New Zealand got off to a flier inspired by their captain [[Brendon McCullum]]. But the real hero of the match was [[Grant Elliott]], who scored 84* including a second-last ball six off the then world's best bowler [[Dale Steyn]]. This saw South Africa crash out of the 2015 World Cup despite playing some fantastic cricket throughout the entire tournament. After a good world cup, South Africa went on to dominate ODI cricket in bilateral series which saw the Proteas rise to No. 1 in the [[ICC ODI Championship]].

At the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]] South Africa lost the opening match of the tournament to England and followed this up with losses to Bangladesh and India. Rained out against West Indies, they defeated Afghanistan but then lost to New Zealand and Pakistan, to end their chances of qualifying for the next stage.

They also hold the record of the highest successful run chase and made the highest total (the latter record has been surpassed) in One-Day Internationals (438–9 in 49.5 overs), in [[Australia in South Africa, 5th ODI, 2006|an iconic match]] against [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] on 12 March 2006. This game is considered by many to be the greatest One-Day International ever played.

South Africa beat the Netherlands by 231 runs in [[Mohali]] in Group matches in [[ICC World Cup 2011]], The 231-run win is the fourth-largest margin of victory for any team in World Cups and the largest for South Africa in World Cups. It is also the second-largest margin of victory for South Africa in ODIs on 3 March 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=Netherlands vs South Africa, ICC World Cup 2011|url=http://iccworld-cup2011.blogspot.com/2011/03/south-africa-vs-netherlands-mohali-3rd.html|date=March 2011|publisher=iccworld-cup2011.blogspot.com|access-date=3 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708042825/http://iccworld-cup2011.blogspot.com/2011/03/south-africa-vs-netherlands-mohali-3rd.html|archive-date=8 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
The 87-run stand between [[JP Duminy]] and [[Colin Ingram (cricketer)|Colin Ingram]] is the highest for the sixth wicket for South Africa in World Cups. The highest sixth-wicket stand for South Africa in ODIs is the 137 between Hansie Cronje and Shaun Pollock against [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]] in 1997. The triumph is South Africa's seventh by a fringe of hundred or more runs in World Cups.<ref>{{cite web|title=South Africa vs Ireland, ICC World Cup 2011|url=http://iccworld-cup2011.blogspot.com/2011/03/south-africa-vs-ireland-kolkata-15th.html|date=March 2011|publisher=iccworld-cup2011.blogspot.com|access-date=16 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708043155/http://iccworld-cup2011.blogspot.com/2011/03/south-africa-vs-ireland-kolkata-15th.html|archive-date=8 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

'''ICC World Cup 2023 : 7th''' warm up match between South africa and New Zealand was scheduled on 2 OCT 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joseph |date=2023-10-02 |title=world cup 2023 : New Zealand vs. South Africa 7th world cup warm up match |url=https://theblogscorner.news.blog/2023/10/01/world-cup-2023-new-zealand-vs-south-africa-7th-world-cup-warm-up-match/ |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=TheBlogsCorner |language=en}}</ref>

Due to rain South Africa lost that warmup match to New Zealand by 7 runs ('''DLS''')<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joseph |date=2023-10-02 |title=World Cup 2023: New Zealand won the Warm up Match against South Africa by 7 runs (DLS method) |url=https://theblogscorner.news.blog/2023/10/02/world-cup-2023-new-zealand-won-the-warm-up-match-against-south-africa-by-7-runs-dls-method/ |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=TheBlogsCorner |language=en}}</ref>

==Records==
===Test matches===
{{Main|List of South Africa Test cricket records}}

===One-Day Internationals===
{{Main|List of South Africa One Day International cricket records}}

===T20 Internationals===
{{Main|List of South Africa Twenty20 International cricket records}}

==International grounds==
{{location map+|South Africa|float=center|width=390|caption=Locations of all stadiums which have hosted an international cricket match within South Africa|places=
{{location map~|South Africa|label=[[Boland Bank Park|Boland Park]]|position=right|lat=-33.741281|long=18.998247}}
{{location map~|South Africa|label=[[Buffalo Park]]|position=left|lat=-33.006706|long=27.919367}}
{{location map~|South Africa|label=[[City Oval]]|position=top|lat=-29.610325|long=30.380825}}
{{location map~|South Africa|label=[[De Beers Diamond Oval|Diamond Oval]]|position=left|lat =-28.742431|long=24.797722}}
{{location map~|South Africa|label=[[Ellis Park Stadium|Ellis]]|position=bottom|lat =-25.999999|long=28.060833}}
{{location map~|South Africa|label=[[Kingsmead Cricket Ground|Kingsmead]]/[[Lord's No. 1 Ground|Lord's 1]]|position=bottom|lat =-29.850058|long=31.027814}}
{{location map~|South Africa|label=[[Mangaung Oval|Mangaung]]|position=left|lat =-29.116678|long=26.205269}}
{{location map~|South Africa|label=[[Moses Mabhida Stadium|MMS]]|position=right|lat =-29.829|long=31.0303}}
{{location map~|South Africa|label=[[Newlands Cricket Ground|Newlands]]|position=left|lat =-33.970556|long=18.468333}}
{{location map~|South Africa|label=[[Old Wanderers|Old]]/[[The Wanderers Stadium|Wanderers]]|position=left|lat =-26.19772|long=28.040659}}
{{location map~|South Africa|label=[[Senwes Park]]|position=bottom|lat =-26.695658|long=27.100772}}
{{location map~|South Africa|label=[[St George's Park (cricket ground)|St. George's Park]]|position=left|lat =-33.966486|long=25.609997}}
{{location map~|South Africa|label=[[SuperSport Park|SuperSport]]|position=top|lat =-25.859722|long=28.195278}}
{{location map~|South Africa|label=[[Willowmoore Park|Willowmoore]]|position=right|lat =-26.195228|long=28.317972}}
}}

==Tournament history==
=== ICC World Test Championship ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
| colspan="19" | [[ICC World Test Championship|ICC World Test Championship record]]
|-
! width="245" rowspan="3" | Year
! colspan="10" | League stage
! width="250" ! rowspan="3" | Final Host
! width="450" rowspan="3" | Final
! width="75" rowspan="3" | Final Position
|-
! width="20" rowspan="2" | {{abbr|Pos|Position}} !! colspan="5" | Matches !! width="20" rowspan="2" | {{abbr|Ded|Deductions}} !! width="20" rowspan="2" | {{abbr|PC|Points Contested}} !! width="20" rowspan="2" | {{abbr|Pts|Points}} !! width="20" rowspan="2" | {{abbr|PCT|Fraction of Points Won out of Points Contested}}
|-
! width="20" | {{abbr|P|Played}} !! width="20" | {{abbr|W|Won}} !! width="20" | {{abbr|L|Lost}} !! width="20" | {{abbr|D|Drawn}} !! width="20" | {{abbr|T|Tied}}
|-
| [[2019-21 ICC World Test Championship|2019–21]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021-1195334/points-table-standings|title=ICC World Test Championship 2019–2021 Table|access-date=29 August 2021|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> || 5/9 || 13 || 5 || 8 || 0 || 0 || 6 || 600 || 264 || '''44''' || {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Rose Bowl (cricket ground)|Rose Bowl]], England || DNQ || 5th
|- style="background:#c96";
| [[2021-23 ICC World Test Championship|2021–23]]
|3/9
|15
|8
|6
|1
|0
|0
|180
|100
|55.6
|{{Flagicon|ENG}} [[The Oval]], England
|DNQ
|3rd
|}

=== Cricket World Cup ===

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|-
! I round
! II round
! Semi-finals
! Final
! SA Coach
! SA Captain
|-
! colspan="9" | [[1992 Cricket World Cup]]
|-
| colspan="2" bgcolor="LightGreen" | {{cr|South Africa|1928|name=SA}} || bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|England|name=ENG}} || || [[Mike Procter]] || [[Kepler Wessels]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[1996 Cricket World Cup]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|West Indies|name=WI}} || || || [[Bob Woolmer]] || [[Hansie Cronje]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[1999 Cricket World Cup]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || bgcolor="LightGreen" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|Australia|name=AUS}} || || [[Bob Woolmer]] || [[Hansie Cronje]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2003 Cricket World Cup]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || || || || [[Eric Simons]] || [[Shaun Pollock]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2007 Cricket World Cup]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || bgcolor="LightGreen" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|Australia|name=AUS}} || || [[Mickey Arthur]] || [[Graeme Smith]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2011 Cricket World Cup]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|New Zealand|name=NZ}} || || || [[Corrie van Zyl]] || [[Graeme Smith]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2015 Cricket World Cup]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || bgcolor="LightGreen" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|New Zealand|name=NZ}} || || [[Russell Domingo]] || [[AB de Villiers]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2019 Cricket World Cup]]
|-
| colspan="2" bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || || || [[Ottis Gibson]] || [[Faf du Plessis]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2023 Cricket World Cup]]
|-
| colspan="2" bgcolor="White" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || || || [[Rob Walter]] || [[Temba Bavuma]]
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|-
! Champions
! Semi-finalists
! Quarter Finalists
! Group stage KnockOuts
|-
! colspan="9" | South Africa CWC record
|-
| 0 || 4 || 2 || 2
|}

† For World Cups from 1975 to 1987 inclusive, South Africa was not an ICC member, and therefore ineligible to compete in the tournament.

=== ICC T20 World Cup ===

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|-
! Super 8/10/12
! Semi-finals
! Final
! SA Coach
! SA Captain
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|2007 World T20]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || || || [[Mickey Arthur]] || [[Graeme Smith]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2009 ICC World Twenty20|2009 World T20]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|Pakistan|name=Pakistan}} || || [[Mickey Arthur]] || [[Graeme Smith]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2010 ICC World Twenty20|2010 World T20]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || || || [[Corrie van Zyl]] || [[Graeme Smith]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2012 ICC World Twenty20|2012 World T20]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || || || [[Gary Kirsten]] || [[AB de Villiers]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2014 ICC World Twenty20|2014 World T20]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|India|name=India}} || || [[Russell Domingo]] || [[Faf du Plessis]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2016 ICC World Twenty20|2016 World T20]]
|-
| bgcolor="Pink" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || || || [[Russell Domingo]] || [[Faf du Plessis]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2021 ICC T20 World Cup|2021 T20 World Cup]]
|-
| bgcolor="Pink" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || || || [[Mark Boucher]] || [[Temba Bavuma]]
|-
! colspan="10" | [[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2022 T20 World Cup]]
|-
| bgcolor="Pink" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || || || [[Mark Boucher]] || [[Temba Bavuma]]
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|-
! Champions
! Semi-finalists
! Super KOs
|-
! colspan="8" | South Africa WT20 record
|-
|| 0 || 2 || 6
|}

=== ICC Champions Trophy ===

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|-
! Group stages
! Semi-finals
! Final
! SA Coach
! SA Captain
|-
! colspan="9" | [[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998 Champions Trophy]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || bgcolor="LightGreen" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || bgcolor="Gold" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || [[Bob Woolmer]] || [[Hansie Cronje]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000 Champions Trophy]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|India|name=IND}} || || || [[Shaun Pollock]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002 Champions Trophy]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|India|name=IND}} || || [[Eric Simons]] || [[Shaun Pollock]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004 Champions Trophy]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || || || || [[Graeme Smith]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006 Champions Trophy]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|West Indies|name=WIN}} || || [[Mickey Arthur]] || [[Graeme Smith]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009 Champions Trophy]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || || || [[Mickey Arthur]] || [[Graeme Smith]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013 Champions Trophy]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|England|name=ENG}} || || [[Gary Kirsten]] || [[AB de Villiers]]
|-
! colspan="9" | [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017 Champions Trophy]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightPink" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || || || [[Russell Domingo]] || [[AB de Villiers]]
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|-
! Champions
! Semi-finalists
! Group KOs
|-
! colspan="9" | South Africa Champions Trophy record
|-
|| 1 || 4 || 3
|}

=== Commonwealth Games ===

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|-
! Group stages
! Semi-finals
! Gold Medal
! SA Coach
! SA Captain
|-
! colspan="9" | [[Cricket at the 1998 Commonwealth Games|1998]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || bgcolor="LightGreen" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || bgcolor="Gold" | {{cr|South Africa|name=SA}} || [[Bob Woolmer]] || [[Shaun Pollock]]
|}

== Honours ==
===ICC===

*'''[[ICC Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy]]:'''
** '''Champions (1):''' [[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]

===Others===
*'''[[Cricket at the Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]]:'''
** '''Gold medal (1):''' [[Cricket at the 1998 Commonwealth Games|1998]]

==Team colours==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-left:1em; float:right"
|-
!Period
!Kit manufacturer
!Shirt sponsor
|-
|'''1992–1996'''
|[[ISC (sportswear)|ISC]]
|
|-
|'''1997–2001'''
|[[Adidas]]
|[[Castle Lager|Castle]]
|-
|'''1999 ICC World cup'''
|[[Asics]]
|[[Standard Bank]]
|-
|'''2001–2005'''
|[[Admiral Sportswear|Admiral]]
|[[Castle Lager|Castle]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''2005–2008'''
| rowspan="2" |[[Hummel International|Hummel]]
|[[Castle Lager|Castle]]
|-
|[[Standard Bank]]
|-
|'''2008–2011'''
|[[Reebok]]
|[[Castle Lager|Castle]]
|-
|rowspan=2|'''2011–2015'''
|rowspan=2|[[Adidas]]
|[[Standard Bank]]
|-
|[[Castle Lager|Castle]]
|-
|'''2016–2021'''
|[[New Balance]]
|rowspan=3|[[Standard Bank]]
|-
|'''2021-2023'''
|[[Castore (brand)|Castore]]
|-
|'''2023-present'''
|[[Lotto Sport Italia]]
|}

South Africa's kit is manufactured by [[New Balance]], who replaced previous manufacturer Adidas in 2016.
When playing Test cricket, South Africa's [[cricket whites]] feature the king protea badge (the emblem of the South African Sports Commission) with the South African flag above it on the left of the shirt, the name and logo of the sponsors [[Standard Bank]] on the right, the [[New Balance]] logo on the right sleeve. South African fielders may wear a green cap or a white sun hat with the king protea badge in the middle. Helmets are also coloured green. Before 1996, the cap insignia was the [[Cricket South Africa|United Cricket Board of South Africa]] old badge, which was a circle with a ball superimposed over a wicket in the centre and the inscription which reads "UNITED CRICKET BOARD OF SOUTH AFRICA" around the circle's border. Before 1991, the cap insignia was a springbok head with under the inscription "S.A.C.B" in yellow letters (which changed to "S.A." with the years of the tour, for instance, "S.A. 1982–83").

In [[limited overs cricket]], South Africa's ODI and Twenty20 shirts feature the king protea badge with the national flag on the left of the shirt, Standard Bank on the right side, and the New Balance logo on the right sleeve.
In ODIs, the kit comprises a green shirt with yellow accents and dark green stylised protea leaves and green trousers, whilst the Twenty20 kit comprises a green shirt with a yellow gradient and the [[Oxigen Services|Oxigen]] logo in the front and green trousers. In both uniforms, the fielding hat is a green baseball cap with white piping and a yellow line on the visor border or a green sunhat, which are both green with the king protea badge.
In [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] limited-overs tournaments, a modified kit design is used with sponsor's logos moving to the sleeve and 'South Africa' printed across the front.

Since 2016, South Africa played some matches with an all-pink version of its uniform, to raise breast cancer awareness.

Previous suppliers were ISC (1992–1996), Asics (1999), Admiral (2000–2003), Hummel (2004–2007), Adidas (2011–2015) and New Balance (2016-2021).

Until 2016, the sponsor was [[Castle Lager]]. During the [[South African cricket team in Pakistan in 2003–04|2003–04 tour of Pakistan]], the Castle Lager logo was replaced by "Charles".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Katzenellenbogen |first1=Jonathan |title=South Africa: Charles' Stumps Ban On Proteas' Beer ADs |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200310200607.html |website=[[AllAfrica]] |access-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228205820/https://allafrica.com/stories/200310200607.html |archive-date=Feb 28, 2023 |language=en |date=20 October 2003 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Current squad==
This is a list of every active player who is contracted to Cricket South Africa, has played for South Africa since October 2022 or was named in the recent Test, ODI or T20I squads. Uncapped players are listed in italics. (Updated as of 12 October 2023)

For the 2023–24 period, CSA awarded 20 players national contracts, from which selectors choose the core of the Test, One-Day, and Twenty20 International teams.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/3103037|title=New faces in South Africa's latest Men's Contracts List for 2023-24|access-date=29 March 2023}}</ref> Non-contracted players remain eligible for selection and can be upgraded to a Cricket South Africa contract if they gain regular selection.

*Forms - This refers to the forms they've played for South Africa in the past year, not over their whole South Africa career
*C – Contracted to Cricket South Africa (Y = Holds contract)
*S/N – Shirt number

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="text-align:center; background:#007749; color:#FCCB12; | Name
! style="text-align:center; background:#007749; color:#FCCB12; | Age
! style="text-align:center; background:#007749; color:#FCCB12; | Batting style
! style="text-align:center; background:#007749; color:#FCCB12; | Bowling style
! style="text-align:center; background:#007749; color:#FCCB12; | Domestic team
! style="text-align:center; background:#007749; color:#FCCB12; | Forms
! style="text-align:center; background:#007749; color:#FCCB12; | C
! style="text-align:center; background:#007749; color:#FCCB12; | S/N
! style="text-align:center; background:#007749; color:#FCCB12; | Captain
! style="text-align:center; background:#007749; color:#FCCB12; | Last Test
! style="text-align:center; background:#007749; color:#FCCB12; | Last ODI
! style="text-align:center; background:#007749; color:#FCCB12; | Last T20I
|-
! colspan="12" | Batters
|-
| [[Temba Bavuma]] || {{age|1990|5|17}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || [[Highveld Lions cricket team|Lions]] || Test, ODI, T20I || Y || 11 || Test, ODI (C) || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023
|-
| [[Matthew Breetzke]] || {{age|1998|11|03}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Eastern Province (cricket team)|Eastern Province]] || T20I || {{n/a}} || 85 || || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023
|-
| [[Dean Elgar]] || {{age|1987|6|11}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox]] || [[Titans cricket team|Titans]] || Test || Y || 64 || || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{cricon|ZIM}} 2018 || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[Sarel Erwee]] || {{age|1989|11|10}} || Left-handed|| {{n/a}} || [[Dolphins cricket team|Dolphins]] || Test || {{n/a}} || 40 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023 || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[Tony De Zorzi]] || {{age|1997|8|28}} || Left-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Western Province cricket team (South Africa)|Western Province]] || Test, ODI || {{n/a}} || 33 || || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023|| {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[Reeza Hendricks]] || {{age|1989|8|14}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off spin|off break]] || [[Highveld Lions cricket team|Lions]] || ODI, T20I || Y || 17 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|ENG}} 2023 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023
|-
| [[Aiden Markram]] || {{age|1994|10|4}} || Right-handed || Right arm [[off spin|off break]] || [[Titans (cricket team)|Titans]] || Test, ODI, T20I || Y || 4 || T20I (C); ODI (VC) || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023
|-
| [[David Miller (South African cricketer)|David Miller]] || {{age|1989|6|10}} || Left-handed|| {{n/a}} || [[Dolphins cricket team|Dolphins]] || ODI, T20I || Y || 10 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023 || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023
|-
| [[Keegan Petersen]] || {{age|1993|8|8}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Dolphins cricket team|Dolphins]] || Test || Y || 93 || || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[Rilee Rossouw]] || {{age|1989|10|9}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off spin|off break]] || [[Knights cricket team|Knights]] || T20I || {{n/a}} || 32 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|AUS}} 2016 || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023
|-
| [[Rassie van der Dussen]] || {{age|1989|2|7}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Leg spin|leg break]] || [[Highveld Lions cricket team|Lions]] || ODI, T20I || Y || 72 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2022 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023
|-
| [[Khaya Zondo]] || {{age|1990|3|7}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Dolphins cricket team|Dolphins]] || Test || {{n/a}} || 73 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023 || {{cricon|NED}} 2021 || {{n/a}}
|-
! colspan="12" | All-rounders
|-
| [[Dewald Brevis]] || {{age|2003|4|29}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Titans (cricket team)|Titans]] || T20I || {{n/a}} || 52 || || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023
|-
| [[Donovan Ferreira]] || {{age|1998|7|21}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Titans cricket team|Titans]] || T20I || {{n/a}} || 55 || || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023
|-
| [[Marco Jansen]] || {{age|2000|5|1}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || [[Warriors cricket team|Warriors]] || Test, ODI, T20I || Y || 70 || || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023
|-
| [[Wiaan Mulder]] || {{age|1998|2|19}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium]] || [[Highveld Lions cricket team|Lions]] || Test || {{n/a}} || 13 || || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{cricon|SRI}} 2021 || {{cricon|SRI}} 2021
|-
| [[Senuran Muthusamy]] || {{age|1994|02|22}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox]] || [[Highveld Lions cricket team|Lions]] || Test || {{n/a}} || 67 || || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[Andile Phehlukwayo]] || {{age|1996|3|3}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || [[Dolphins cricket team|Dolphins]] || ODI || {{n/a}} || 23 || || {{cricon|IND}} 2018 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023 || {{cricon|ENG}} 2022
|-
! colspan="12" | Wicket-keepers
|-
| [[Quinton de Kock]] || {{age|1992|12|17}} || Left-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Titans cricket team|Titans]] || ODI, T20I || Y || 12 || || {{cricon|IND}} 2021 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023 || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023
|-
| [[Heinrich Klaasen]] || {{age|1991|7|30}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off spin|off break]] || [[Titans cricket team|Titans]] || Test, ODI, T20I || Y || 45 || || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023 || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023
|-
| [[Ryan Rickelton]] || {{age|1996|7|11}} || Left-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Highveld Lions cricket team|Lions]] || Test, ODI || Y || 44 || || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[Tristan Stubbs]] || {{age|2000|8|14}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off spin|off break]] || [[Warriors cricket team|Warriors]] || ODI, T20I || Y || 30 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023
|-
| [[Kyle Verreynne]] || {{age|1997|5|12}} || Right-handed || {{n/a}} || [[Western Province cricket team (South Africa)|Western Province]] || Test || {{n/a}} || 97 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023 || {{cricon|BAN}} 2022 || {{n/a}}
|-
! colspan="12" | Spin bowlers
|-
| [[Bjorn Fortuin]] || {{age|1994|10|21}} || Right-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox]] || [[Highveld Lions cricket team|Lions]] || ODI, T20I || Y || 77 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023
|-
| [[Simon Harmer]] || {{age|1989|02|10}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off spin|off break]] || [[Titans cricket team|Titans]] || Test || {{n/a}} || 47 || || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| [[Keshav Maharaj]] || {{age|1990|2|7}} || Right-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox]] || [[Dolphins cricket team|Dolphins]] || Test, ODI, T20I || Y || 16 || || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023
|-
| [[Tabraiz Shamsi]] || {{age|1990|2|18}} || Right-handed || [[Left-arm unorthodox]] || [[Titans cricket team|Titans]] || ODI, T20I || Y || 26 || || {{cricon|SRI}} 2018 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023
|-
! colspan="12" | Seam bowlers
|-
| [[Gerald Coetzee]] || {{age|2000|10|02}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || [[Knights cricket team|Knights]] || Test, ODI, T20I || {{n/a}} || 62 || || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{cricon|SL}} 2023 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023
|-
| [[Sisanda Magala]] || {{age|1991|01|07}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast-medium]] || [[Highveld Lions cricket team|Lions]] || ODI, T20I || Y || 58 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023 || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023
|-
| [[Lungi Ngidi]] || {{age|1996|3|29}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast-medium]] || [[Titans cricket team|Titans]] || ODI, T20I || Y || 22 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2022 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023
|-
| [[Anrich Nortje]] || {{age|1993|11|16}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || [[Warriors cricket team|Warriors]] || Test, ODI, T20I || Y || 20 || || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023 || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023
|-
| [[Wayne Parnell]] || {{age|1989|7|30}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || [[Western Province cricket team (South Africa)|Western Province]] || ODI, T20I || Y || 7 || || {{cricon|BAN}} 2017 || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023
|-
| [[Kagiso Rabada]] || {{age|1995|5|25}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast]] || [[Highveld Lions cricket team|Lions]] || Test, ODI, T20I || Y || 25 || || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023 || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023
|-
| [[Lizaad Williams]] || {{age|1993|10|01}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[fast bowling|medium-fast]] || [[Titans cricket team|Titans]] || T20I || {{n/a}} || 6 || || {{cricon|BAN}} 2022|| {{cricon|IRE}} 2021 || {{cricon|AUS}} 2023
|}

==Coaching staff==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:55%;"
|-
! style="background:#007749; color:#FCCB12; text-align:center;"| Position
! style="background:#007749; color:#FCCB12; text-align:center;"| Name
|-
| Director of cricket
| [[Enoch Nkwe]]
|}
=== Test ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:55%;"
|-
! style="background:#007749; color:#FCCB12; text-align:center;"| Position
! style="background:#007749; color:#FCCB12; text-align:center;"| Name
|-
| Head coach
| [[Shukri Conrad]]
|-
| Batting coach
| [[Neil McKenzie]]
|-
| Bowling coach
| [[Piet Botha (cricketer)|Piet Botha]]
|-
| Fielding coach
| [[Kruger van Wyk]]
|}

=== Limited overs ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:55%;"
|-
! style="background:#007749; color:#FCCB12; text-align:center;"| Position
! style="background:#007749; color:#FCCB12; text-align:center;"| Name
|-
| Head coach
| [[Rob Walter]]
|-
| Batting coach
| [[JP Duminy]]
|-
| Bowling coach
| [[Rory Kleinveldt]] (interim)
|-
| Fielding coach
| [[Wandile Gwavu]]
|}

===Coaching history===
*1991–1994: {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Mike Procter]]
*1994–1999: {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Bob Woolmer]]
*1999–2002: {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Graham Ford]]
*2002–2004: {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Eric Simons]]
*2004–2005: {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Ray Jennings]]
*2005–2010: {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Mickey Arthur]]
*2010–2011: {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Corrie van Zyl]]
*2011–2013: {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Gary Kirsten]]
*2012–2013: {{flagicon|RSA}} Gary Kirsten (Test, ODI) and [[Russell Domingo]] (T20I)
*2013–2017: {{flagicon|RSA}} Russell Domingo
*2017–2019: {{flagicon|BAR}} [[Ottis Gibson]]
*2019–2022: {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Mark Boucher]]
*2022–2023: {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Malibongwe Maketa]] (interim)
*2023–present: {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Shukri Conrad]] (Test) and {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Rob Walter]] (ODI, T20I)

==Current and former players==
{{for|a list of Test players|List of South Africa Test cricketers}}
{{for|a list of ODI players|List of South Africa ODI cricketers}}
{{for|a list of Twenty20 International players|List of South Africa Twenty20 International cricketers}}

===National captains===
{{for|a list of national captains|List of South Africa national cricket captains}}

==See also==

*[[Cricket in South Africa]]
*[[South Africa women's national cricket team]]
*[[History of Test cricket from 1884 to 1889]]
*[[History of Test cricket from 1890 to 1900]]
*[[International cricket in South Africa from 1971 to 1981]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.cricket.co.za/ Cricket South Africa]

{{International cricket tours of South Africa}}
{{Cricket in South Africa}}
{{South African cricket seasons}}
{{ICC Champions Trophy winners}}
{{National cricket teams}}
{{National Sports Teams of South Africa}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:South Africa National Cricket Team}}
[[Category:Cricket in South Africa]]
[[Category:National cricket teams]]
[[Category:South Africa in international cricket]]
[[Category:Cricket teams in South Africa]]
[[Category:National sports teams of South Africa|C]]
[[Category:History of cricket by national team]]

ICC Champions Trophy

2023-10-12T17:48:23Z

Radhika: Edit

{{Short description|International Cricket tournament}}
{{About||the equivalent women's tournament|ICC Women's T20 Champions Trophy}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament main
| name = ICC Champions Trophy
| image = ICC Champions Trophy official trophy in 2016 edition.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption = ICC Champions Trophy
| administrator = [[International Cricket Council]]
| cricket format = [[One-Day International]]
| tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]] and [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout]]
| first = [[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]] {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| last = [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]] {{flag|England}} & {{flag|Wales}}
| next = [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy|2025]] {{flag|Pakistan}}
| participants = 8
| champions ={{cr|PAK}} (1st title)
| most successful = {{cr|AUS}} {{cr|IND}} (2 titles each)
| most runs = {{flagicon|WIN}} [[Chris Gayle]] (791)<ref name="ICC CT MOST RUNS" />
| most wickets = {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Kyle Mills]] (28)<ref name="ICC CT MOST WICKETS" />
| website = [http://www.icc-cricket.com/champions-trophy Official Website]
}}
{{Season sidebar
| title = Tournaments
| list =
* [[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]
* [[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]]
* [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]]
* [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]]
* [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]]
* [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]]
* [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]
* [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]
* ''[[2025 ICC Champions Trophy|2025]]''
* ''[[2029 ICC Champions Trophy|2029]]''
}}

The '''ICC Champions Trophy''' is an [[One-Day International]] (ODI) [[cricket]] tournament organised by the [[International Cricket Council]] or [[International Cricket Council|ICC]]. Inaugrated in 1998, The ICC conceived the idea of the Champions Trophy – a short cricket tournament to raise funds for the development of the game in non-test playing countries. It remains as one of those ICC events that had the same format as that of another big cricketing event, like the [[Cricket World Cup]], with the format being [[One Day International|ODI]]'s. [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] are the current Champions Trophy winners, which they won by defeating [[India national cricket team|India]] in the final in [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]. In November 2021, the ICC confirmed the next edition of the tournament to take place in [[Pakistan]] in [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy|2025]]. It is expected to be played in February and March 2025.

== History ==
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="background:#F5FAFF; text-align:center; font-size:85%"
|+ Winners ICC Champions Trophy
|-
! Year !!style="width:200px"| Champions
|-
| [[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]
|style="text-align:left"| {{cr|SA}}
|-
| [[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]]
|style="text-align:left"| {{cr|NZ}}
|-
| [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]]
|style="text-align:left"| {{cr|IND}} {{cr|SL}}
|-
| [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]]
|style="text-align:left"| {{cr|WIN}}
|-
| [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]]
|style="text-align:left"| {{cr|AUS}}
|-
| [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]]
|style="text-align:left"| {{cr|AUS}} {{small|(2)}}
|-
| [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]
|style="text-align:left"| {{cr|IND}} {{small|(2)}}
|-
| [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]
|style="text-align:left"| {{cr|PAK}}
|-
| [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy|2025]]
|style="text-align:left"| TBD
|-
| [[2029 ICC Champions Trophy|2029]]
|style="text-align:left"| TBD
|-
|}

[[File:Two views of Chris Gayle (48020785077).jpg|thumb|right|Chris Gayle has scored the most runs in the tournament]]
[[File:Kyle_Mills.JPG|thumb|right|Kyle Mills has taken the most wickets in the tournament]]
It was inaugurated as the '''ICC KnockOut Tournament''' in 1998 and has been played approximately every four years since. Its name was changed to the Champions Trophy in 2002.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/short-history-of-iccs-champions-trophy/article18559653.ece|work=The Hindu|date=24 May 2017|access-date=17 June 2017|author1=Siddharth Benkat|title=The short history of ICC Champions Trophy}}</ref>

The ICC conceived the idea of the Champions Trophy – a short cricket tournament to raise funds for the development of the game in non-test playing countries, with the first tournaments being held in Bangladesh and [[Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://content.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/76807.html |title=Curtain falls amid high ICC hopes |date=2 November 1998 |publisher=[[Cricinfo]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070330074121/http://content.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/76807.html |archive-date=30 March 2007 |url-status=live |access-date=21 March 2009 |df=dmy }}</ref> Due to its massive commercial success,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/icc-champions-trophy-2017-final-india-vs-pakistan-television-advertising-rates-to-go-10-times-high-ahead-of-the-india-pakistan-final-4709819/|title=TV Ad rates rocket for India-Pakistan final|work=[[The Times of India]]|author1=Sanjay Syed|date=17 June 2017|access-date=19 June 2017}}</ref> the tournament has been held in nations like India and England as a revenue generator for the ICC, and the number of teams has been reduced to eight. The tournament, later dubbed as the mini-World Cup as it involved all of the full members of the ICC, was planned as a knock-out tournament so that it was short and did not reduce the value and importance of the World Cup. However, from 2002, the tournament has had a round-robin format, followed by a few knockout games but the tournament still takes places over a short period of time – about two weeks.

The number of teams competing has varied over the years; originally all the ICC's [[List of ICC members|full members]] took part, and from 2000 to 2004 associate members were also involved. Since 2009, the tournament has only involved the eight highest-ranked teams in the [[ICC ODI Championship|ICC ODI Rankings]] as of six months prior to the beginning of the tournament. The tournament has been held in 7 countries since its inception, with England hosting it thrice.

Up to 2006 the Champions Trophy was held every two years. The tournament had been scheduled to be held in Pakistan in 2008 but was moved to South Africa in 2009 due to security reasons. From then on it has been held every four years like the [[Cricket World Cup|World Cup]].

A total of thirteen teams competed in the eight editions of the tournament, with eight competing in the last edition in 2017. ICC Champions Trophy was scrapped keeping in line with ICC's goal of having only one pinnacle tournament for each of the three formats of international cricket.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/646147.html|title=Test Championship to replace Champions Trophy}}</ref> Australia and India have won the tournament twice each (India's [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]] win was shared with Sri Lanka due to the final being washed out twice), while South Africa, New Zealand, Sri Lanka (shared with India), [[West Indies]] and Pakistan have won it once each. No non-full member team has ever crossed the first round of the Champions Trophy.

In the lead-up to the 2017 tournament, the ICC had proposed starting an ODI League in 2019, which will most likely lead to the Champions Trophy getting scrapped.<ref>{{cite web|title=Future of Champions Trophy back in doubt|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/1028721.html|website=Cricinfo|access-date=17 February 2017|language=en}}</ref> Following the 2017 Champions Trophy, David Richardson (the ICC CEO) stated that the future status of the Champions Trophy was undecided, with both a possible [[Test cricket|Test]] league and an additional [[World T20]] putting additional pressure of fixtures.<ref>{{cite web|title=ICC mulls scrapping Champions Trophy|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/1104976.html|website=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=22 June 2017}}</ref> In December 2017, the ICC's Future Tours Programme listed the 2021 edition taking place in India.<ref name="Dates2021">{{cite web|title=IPL now has window in ICC Future Tours Programme|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21746867/ipl-now-window-icc-future-tours-programme|website=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref> However, in April 2018, the ICC announced that the tournament was scrapped, with the possibility of a [[ICC T20 World Cup|T20 World Cup]] tournament replacing it. [[2021 ICC T20 World Cup]] was originally due to be hosted in [[India]], however, it was moved to UAE due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name="scrap20">{{cite web|title=Back-to-back World T20s to replace Champions Trophy|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1144444.html|website=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=26 April 2018}}</ref>, and no Champions Trophy was contested in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-26|title=ICC to kill off Champions Trophy and announces 2019 World Cup schedule|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/cricket/icc-to-kill-off-champions-trophy-and-announces-2019-world-cup-schedule-1.725135|access-date=2021-06-01|website=The National|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-26|title=Champions Trophy to be replaced with world T20 tournament|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20180426-champions-trophy-be-replaced-with-world-t20-tournament|access-date=2021-06-01|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ICC scraps 50-over Champions Trophy, India to host 2021 edition as World T20 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/sports-news/icc-scraps-50-over-champions-trophy-india-to-host-2021-edition-as-world-t20-4446999.html|access-date=2021-06-01|website=Firstpost}}</ref> However, as part of the 2021 [[ICC Future Tours Programme|Future Tour Programme]], the event was reinstated for the 2025 cycle onwards.

== Format ==
The Champions Trophy differs from the World Cup in a number of ways. The matches in the Champions Trophy are held over a period of around two and a half weeks, while the World Cup can last for over a month. The number of teams in the Champions Trophy are less than the World Cup, with the [[2023 ICC Cricket World Cup|latest edition]] of the World Cup having 10 teams whereas the [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|latest edition]] of the Champions Trophy having 8.

For 2002 and 2004, twelve teams played a [[round-robin tournament]] in four pools of three, with the top team in each pool moving forward to the semi-final. A team would play only four games (two in the pool, semi-final and final) to win the tournament. The format used in the Knock Out tournaments differed from the formats used in the Champions Trophy. The competition was a straight [[knock out]], with no pools and the loser in each game being eliminated. Only eight games were played in 1998, and 10 games in 2000.

Since 2009, eight teams have played in two pools of four in a round-robin format, with the top two teams in each pool playing in the semi-finals. Losing a single match potentially means elimination from the tournament. A total of 15 matches are played in the present format of the tournament, with the tournament lasting about two and a half weeks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-champions-trophy-2017/content/series/1022345.html?template=fixtures|title=2017 Champions Trophy fixtures|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=1 June 2017|access-date=19 June 2017}}</ref>

==Qualification==
Since 1998, The top eight teams of [[ICC Men's ODI Team Rankings]] qualify for the event.

== Results == 
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" style="width:5%;"|Year
! rowspan="2" style="width:12%;"|Host nation(s)
! rowspan="2" style="width:14%;"|Final venue
!colspan=3|Final
! rowspan="2" style="width:10%;"|Final attendance
! rowspan="2" |Teams
|-
!width=17%|Winner
!width=27%|Result
!width=14%|Runner-up
|-
|[[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]
|{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Bangladesh]]
|[[Bangabandhu National Stadium]], [[Dhaka]]
|style="background:gold;" |{{cr|South Africa}} 248/6 (47 overs)
|'''South Africa won by 4 wickets''' [http://content.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/66169.html Scorecard]
|style="background: silver"|{{cr|West Indies}} 245 all out (49.3 overs)
! 40,000
!9
|-
|[[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]]
|{{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kenya]]
|[[Gymkhana Club Ground]], [[Nairobi]]
|style="background:gold;" |{{cr|New Zealand}} 265/6 (49.4 overs)
|'''New Zealand won by 4 wickets''' [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/66179.html Scorecard]
|style="background: silver"|{{cr|India}} 264/6 (50 overs)
! 7,000
!11
|-
|[[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]]
|{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[Sri Lanka]]
|[[R. Premadasa Stadium]], [[Colombo]]
|style="background:gold;" |{{cr|Sri Lanka}} 244/5 (50 Overs) & 222/7 (50 Overs) {{cr|India}} 14/0 (2 Overs) & 38/1 (8.4 Overs)
|'''India and Sri Lanka declared co-champions''' [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/66194.html Scorecard 1] & [http://usa.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/2002-03/OD_TOURNEYS/ICCCT/SCORECARDS/KNOCKOUTS/IND_SL_ICCCT_ODI-FINAL_30SEP2002.html Scorecard 2]
! None/Joint Winners !! 34,832
!12
|-
|[[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]]
|{{flagicon|England}} [[England]]
|[[The Oval]], [[London]]
|style="background:gold;" |{{cr|West Indies}} 218/8 (48.5 overs)
|'''West Indies won by 2 wickets''' [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/66210.html Scorecard]
|style="background: silver"|{{cr|England}} 217 all out (49.4 overs)
! 18,600
!12
|-
|[[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]]
|{{flagicon|India}} [[India]]
|[[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
|style="background:gold;" |{{cr|Australia}} 116/2 (28.1 overs)

|'''Australia won by 8 wickets ([[Duckworth–Lewis method|D/L method]]) ''' [http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/iccct2006/engine/match/249759.html Scorecard]
|style="background: silver"|{{cr|West Indies}} 138 all out (30.4 overs)
! 26,000
!10
|-
|[[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]]
|{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[South Africa]]
|[[SuperSport Park]], [[Centurion]]
|style="background:gold;" |{{cr|Australia}} 206/4 (45.2 overs)

|'''Australia won by 6 wickets''' [http://www.cricinfo.com/iccct2009/engine/match/415287.html Scorecard]
|style="background: silver"|{{cr|New Zealand}} 200/9 (50 overs)
! 22,456
!8
|-
|[[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|Wales}} [[England & Wales]]
|[[Edgbaston Cricket Ground]], [[Birmingham]]
|style="background:gold;" |{{cr|India}} 129/7 (20 overs)
|'''India won by 5 runs''' [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/566948.html Scorecard]
|style="background: silver"|{{cr|England}} 124/8 (20 overs)
! 24,867
!8
|-
|[[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]
|[[The Oval]], [[London]]
|style="background:gold;" |{{cr|Pakistan}} 338/4 (50 overs)
|'''Pakistan won by 180 runs''' [http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-champions-trophy-2017/engine/match/1022375.html Scorecard]
|style="background: silver"|{{cr|India}} 158 all out (30.3 overs)
! 26,000
!8
|-
|[[2025 ICC Champions Trophy|2025]]
|{{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|
|style="background:white;" |
|
|
|
|8
|-
|[[2029 ICC Champions Trophy|2029]]
|{{flagicon|India}} [[India]]
|
|style="background:white;" |
|
|
|
|8
|}

==Tournament summary==
Thirteen nations have qualified for the Champions Trophy at least once. Seven teams have competed in every finals tournament. Seven different nations have won the title. [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] won the inaugural tournament, [[India national cricket team|India]] and [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] have each won twice, while [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]], [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]], [[West Indies national cricket team|West Indies]] and [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] have each won once. [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] ([[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]], [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]]) is the only nation to have won consecutive titles. [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]], [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]] and [[England national cricket team|England]] are the only [[Test Cricket|Test]] playing nations not to win the Champions Trophy. [[England national cricket team|England]] has reached the final twice, but lost both times ([[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]], [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]), Bangladesh reached the semi-finals in [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]], while [[Zimbabwe national cricket team|Zimbabwe]] has never got past the first round. The highest rank secured by a non-Test playing nation is the 9th rank achieved by [[Kenya national cricket team|Kenya]] in [[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]].

[[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] was the first and only host to win the tournament, in [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]], but they were declared co-champions with [[India national cricket team|India]] as the final was twice washed out. [[England national cricket team|England]] is the only other host to have made the final. It has achieved this twice – in [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]] and [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]. [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] is the only host who did not take part in the tournament while hosting it, in [[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]. [[Kenya national cricket team|Kenya]] in [[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]], [[India national cricket team|India]] in [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]], and [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] in [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]] have been the only host teams that were eliminated in the first round.

=== Teams' performances ===
Comprehensive results for all teams participating in all tournaments for the ICC Champions Trophy is given below. For each tournament, the number of teams in each finals tournament (in brackets) are shown.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan="2" {{diagonal split header 2| Team|Host }}
! [[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]] (9)
! [[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]] (11)
! [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]] (12)
! [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]] (12)
! [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]] (10)
! [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]] (8)
! [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]] (8)
! [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]] (8)
! [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy|2025]] (8)
! [[2029 ICC Champions Trophy|2029]] (8)
!rowspan=2|{{tooltip|Apps.|Appearances}}
|-
!{{flagicon|Bangladesh}}
!{{flagicon|Kenya}}
!{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}}
!{{flagicon|England}}
!{{flagicon|India}}
!{{flagicon|South Africa}}
!{{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|Wales}}
!{{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|Wales}}
!{{flagicon|Pakistan}}
!{{flagicon|India}}
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|AUS}}||style="background:#ffebcd;"| 8th ||style="background:#ffebcd;"| 5th ||bgcolor=#c96| '''4th''' ||bgcolor=#c96|'''3rd'''||style="background: gold"|'''1st''' ||style="background: gold"|'''1st''' || 7th || 7th || ||
! 8
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|BAN}}|| || 9th || 11th || 11th || 9th || || || bgcolor=#c96|'''4th''' ||||
! 5
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|ENG}}||style="background:#ffebcd;"| 5th ||style="background:#ffebcd;"| 7th || 6th ||style="background: silver"| '''2nd''' || 7th ||bgcolor=#c96| '''4th''' ||style="background: silver"| '''2nd''' ||bgcolor=#c96|'''3rd''' || ||
! 8
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|IND}}||bgcolor=#c96| '''3rd''' ||style="background: silver"| '''2nd''' ||style="background: gold"|'''1st''' || 7th || 5th || 5th ||style="background: gold"|'''1st'''||style="background: silver"|'''2nd''' |||| Q
! 8
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|KEN}}|| || 10th || 10th || 10th || || || || || ||
! 3
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|NED}}|| || || 12th || || || || || || ||
! 1
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|NZL}}||style="background:#ffebcd;"| 7th ||style="background: gold"|'''1st'''|| 8th || 5th ||bgcolor=#c96| '''3rd''' ||style="background: silver"| '''2nd''' || 5th || 8th || ||
! 8
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|PAK}}||style="background:#ffebcd;"| 6th ||bgcolor=#c96| '''3rd''' || 5th ||bgcolor=#c96| '''4th''' || 8th ||bgcolor=#c96| '''3rd''' || 8th ||style="background: gold"|'''1st''' || Q ||
! 8
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|RSA}}||style="background: gold"|'''1st''' ||bgcolor=#c96| '''4th''' ||bgcolor=#c96| '''3rd''' || 6th ||bgcolor=#c96| '''4th''' || 7th ||bgcolor=#c96| '''4th''' || 5th ||||
! 8
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|SRI}}||bgcolor=#c96| '''4th''' ||style="background:#ffebcd;"| 6th ||style="background: gold"|'''1st'''|| 8th || 6th || 6th ||bgcolor=#c96| '''3rd''' || 6th || ||
! 8
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|USA}}|| || || || 12th || || || || || ||
! 1
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|West Indies}}||style="background: silver"| '''2nd''' || 11th || 7th ||style="background: gold"|'''1st''' ||style="background: silver"| '''2nd''' || 8th || 6th || || ||
! 7
|-
|align="left"|{{cr|ZIM}} || 9th ||style="background:#ffebcd;"| 8th || 9th || 9th || 10th || || || || ||
! 5
|}

'''Legend'''
*{{bg|gold|1st}} – '''Champions'''
*{{bg|silver|2nd}} – '''Runners-up'''
*{{bg|#cc9966|3rd and 4th}} – '''Semi-finalists'''
*{{bg|#ffebcd|5th-8th}} – Quarter-finalists (ICC KnockOut Trophy 1998-2000)
*5th-12th – Group Stage (ICC Champions Trophy 2002-2004)
*5th-8th – Group Stage (ICC Champions Trophy 2006-2017)
*9th – Pre Quarter-finalist (ICC KnockOut Trophy 1998)
*9th-11th – Pre Quarter-finalists (ICC KnockOut Trophy 2000)
*9th and 10th – Preliminary qualification stage (ICC Champions Trophy 2006)
*Q – Qualified
*Apps – Appearances

'''Notes'''
* The first two tournaments, in 1998 and 2000, were intended to raise the profile of the game in the host nations, [[Bangladesh]] and [[Kenya]].
* India and Sri Lanka were declared co-champions in 2002.

=== Overview ===

The table below provides an overview of the performances of teams over past ICC Champions Trophy. Teams are sorted by best performance, then by appearances, total number of wins, total number of games, and alphabetical order respectively.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! style="border-bottom:none" |
!colspan=3|Appearances
! style="border-bottom:none" |
!colspan=6|Statistics
|-
!style="border-top:none;width:150px;"|Team
!width=40|Total
!width=40|First
!width=40|Latest
!style="border-top:none;width:230px;"|Best result
!width=30|{{tooltip|Mat.|Matches Played}}
!width=30|Won
!width=30|Lost
!width=30|Tied
!width=30|{{Tooltip|NR|No result}}
!width=30|{{nowrap|Win%{{dagger}}}}
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|India}}
|8||[[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]||[[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]|| style="background:gold;" |'''Champions''' ([[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]], [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]])|| 29 || 18 || 8 || 0 || 3 || 69.23
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|Australia}}
|8||[[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]||[[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]|| style="background:gold;" |'''Champions''' ([[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]], [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]])|| 24 || 12 || 8 || 0 || 4 || 60.00
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|South Africa}}
|8||[[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]||[[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]|| style="background:gold;" |'''Champions''' ([[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]])|| 24 || 12 || 11 || 1 || 0 || 52.08
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|New Zealand}}
|8||[[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]||[[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]|| style="background:gold;" |'''Champions''' ([[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]])|| 24 || 12 || 10 || 0 || 2 || 54.54
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|Sri Lanka}}
|8||[[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]||[[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]|| style="background:gold;" |'''Champions''' ([[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]])|| 27 || 14 || 11 || 0 || 2 || 56.00
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|West Indies}}
|7||[[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]||[[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]|| style="background:gold;" |'''Champions''' ([[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]])|| 24 || 13 || 10 || 1 || 0 || 56.25
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|Pakistan}}
|8||[[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]||[[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]|| style="background:gold;" |'''Champions''' ([[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]])|| 23 || 11 || 12 || 0 || 0 || 47.82
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|England}}
|8||[[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]||[[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]|| style="background:silver;" |'''Runners-up''' ([[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]], [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]])|| 25 ||14 || 11 || 0 || 0 || 56.00
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|Bangladesh}}
|5|||[[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]]||[[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]||bgcolor=#c96|'''Semi-finals''' ([[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]])|| 12 || 2 || 9 || 0 || 1 || 18.18
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|Zimbabwe}}
|5|||[[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]||[[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]]||style="background:#ffebcd;" |Quarter-finals ([[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]])|| 9 || 0 || 9 || 0 || 0 || 0.00
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|Kenya}}
|3|||[[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]]||[[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]]||Pool/Group ([[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]], [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]])|| 5 || 0 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0.00
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|Netherlands}}
|1|||[[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]]||[[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]]||Pool stage ([[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]])|| 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0.00
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|{{Cr|United States}}
|1|||[[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]]||[[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]]||Group stage ([[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]])|| 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0.00
|-
!colspan=11|Last Updated: 18 June 2017 Source: [http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?id=44;type=trophy Cricinfo]
|}

{{dagger}} The win percentage excludes matches with no result and counts ties as half a win.

=== 1998 ICC Knock Out tournament ===
Won by {{cr|SA}}
{{Main|1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy}}
All of the matches in the 1998 tournament were played in Bangladesh at [[Bangabandhu National Stadium]] in [[Dhaka]]. The tournament was won by South Africa who beat West Indies in the final. Philo Wallace of West Indies was the leading run scorer in the tournament of scoring 221 runs.

=== 2000 ICC Knock Out tournament ===
Won by {{cr|NZ}}
{{Main|2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy}}
All of the matches in the 2000 tournament were played at [[Gymkhana Club Ground]] in [[Nairobi]], Kenya. All the test playing nations participated in the tournament along with the finals, involving Kenya, India, Sri Lanka, West Indies, Bangladesh and England. The tournament was won by New Zealand who beat India in the final. Indian skipper Sourav Ganguly (348) was the leading run scorer in this tournament. Venkatesh Prasad (8) was the leading wicket taker. This was the first ICC event won by New Zealand. It was also their only ICC trophy till 2021.

=== 2002 ICC Champions Trophy ===
Won by {{cr|IND}}/{{cr|SL}} (Declared Co-Champions)
{{Main|2002 ICC Champions Trophy}}

The 2002 ICC Champions Trophy was held in [[Sri Lanka]], and included the 10 ICC Test playing nations including the newly appointed full member Bangladesh, [[Kenyan cricket team|Kenya]] (ODI status) and the [[2001 ICC Trophy]] winners [[Dutch cricket team|Netherlands]]. The final between [[Indian cricket team|India]] and [[Sri Lankan cricket team|Sri Lanka]] was washed out due to rain twice to leave no result. First, Sri Lanka played 50 overs and then India played two overs before the rain caused interruption. The next day, [[Sri Lanka]] again played 50 overs and [[India]] played eight overs. In the end India and Sri Lanka were declared joint winners. The teams played 110 overs, but there was no result. Virender Sehwag (271) had the highest number of runs in the tournament and Muralitharan (10) had the highest number of wickets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricmatez.com/2013/04/19/all-about-the-icc-champions-trophy/|title=All About ICC Champions Trophy|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208043215/http://www.cricmatez.com/2013/04/19/all-about-the-icc-champions-trophy/|archive-date=8 December 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

=== 2004 ICC Champions Trophy ===
Won by {{cr|WIN}}
{{Main|2004 ICC Champions Trophy}}
ICC CT 2004 was held in England and the nations competing included the ten ICC [[Test cricket|Test]] nations, [[Kenya national cricket team|Kenya]] (ODI status), and – making their [[One Day International]] debut – the [[United States national cricket team|United States]] who qualified by winning the recent [[2004 ICC Six Nations Challenge]]. The competition was more like a knockout series where teams losing even one game at the group stage were out of the tournament. The 12 teams were divided into 4 groups and the table topper from each group played semi finals. ENG defeated AUS in the 1st [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/66208.html semi-final] to make their 4th appearance in final of an ICC event. PAK lost to WI in the second semi final, which was a low scoring game. In the final game the WI team under Lara's leadership won a tense match with the help of wicket keeper C Browne and tailender Ian Bradshaw.

=== 2006 ICC Champions Trophy ===
Won by {{cr|AUS}}
{{Main|2006 ICC Champions Trophy}}
The 2006 ICC Champions Trophy was held in [[India]] with the final on 5 November 2006. A new format was used. Eight teams were competing in the group phase: the top six teams in the [[ICC ODI Championship]] on 1 April 2006, plus two teams chosen from the other four Test-playing teams [[Sri Lankan cricket team|Sri Lanka]], [[West Indian cricket team|West Indies]], [[Bangladesh cricket team|Bangladesh]] and [[Zimbabwean cricket team|Zimbabwe]], chosen from a pre-tournament round robin qualifying round. West Indies and Sri Lanka qualified ahead of Bangladesh and Zimbabwe.

The eight teams were then split into two groups of four in a round robin competition. While Australia and West Indies qualified from Group A, South Africa and New Zealand qualified from Group B for the semifinals. Australia and West Indies reached the final defeating New Zealand and South Africa, respectively. In the final, Australia beat West Indies by 8 wickets to win the trophy for the first time. The venues for the tournament were [[Mohali]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Jaipur]] and [[Mumbai]].

=== 2009 ICC Champions Trophy ===
Won by {{cr|AUS}}
{{Main|2009 ICC Champions Trophy}}

'''(postponed from 2008)'''

In 2006, the ICC selected [[Pakistan]] to host the [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2008 ICC Champions Trophy]]. On 24 August 2008 it was announced that the 2008 ICC Champions Trophy in Pakistan has been postponed to October 2009 as several countries were reluctant to visit Pakistan for security reasons. However, due to the crowded international schedule around that date, and concerns about whether the security situation would have changed by that time, there was widespread scepticism whether it would actually take place in 2009.<ref name="CT POSTPONED">{{cite web|url=http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/magazine/content/current/story/366169.html|title=A devastating decision|author=Osman Samiuddin|publisher=Cricinfo.com|date=25 August 2008}}</ref>

On 16 March 2009, an announcement was made that the ICC has recommended that the 2009 ICC Champions Trophy be moved from Pakistan to South Africa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://content.cricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/current/story/395417.html|title=ICC board endorses South Africa to host Champions Trophy|publisher=Cricinfo.com|date=16 March 2009}}</ref>

On 2 April 2009, Cricket South Africa confirmed that it would host the 2009 ICC Champions Trophy from 24 September to 5 October. The Board accepted recommendations from the ICC that Liberty Life Wanderers (Johannesburg) and Supersport Park (Centurion) be the host venues. The details of SA's hosting of the Champions Trophy were ironed out at a meeting between CSA's CEO Gerald Majola and ICC general manager – Commercial, Campbell Jamieson. Majola confirmed that the six warm-up games will be played at Benoni's Willowmoore Park, and Senwes Park in Potchefstroom.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricket.co.za/csa-to-host-icc-champions-trophy.html|title=CSA to host ICC Champions Trophy|publisher=Cricket South Africa|access-date=15 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423054812/http://www.cricket.co.za/csa-to-host-icc-champions-trophy.html|archive-date=23 April 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Australia beat England by 9 wickets in the 1st semi-final, and New Zealand beat Pakistan by 5 wickets in the 2nd semi-final, to set up a final that saw Australia beat New Zealand by 6 wickets, in 45.2 overs.

=== 2013 ICC Champions Trophy ===
Won by {{cr|IND}}
{{Main|2013 ICC Champions Trophy}}

England and Wales hosted the 2013 Champions Trophy.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/8780309.stm|title= England to host 2013 Champions Trophy tournament |publisher=BBC | date=1 July 2010}}</ref> England became the only country to host the Champions Trophy twice.<ref>{{cite news |title=No ICC Champions Trophy after 2013 |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/news/item/188615-no-icc-champions-trophy-after-2013 |work=NDTV Sports |date=17 April 2012 |access-date=17 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419195735/http://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/news/item/188615-no-icc-champions-trophy-after-2013 |archive-date=19 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Australia failed to win a single game in their group, and were knocked out along with New Zealand in Group A. Pakistan lost all three games in Group B and were knocked out along with West Indies. England and Sri Lanka from Group A, and India and South Africa from Group B, made it to the semi-finals.

India and England won their respective games against Sri Lanka and South Africa comprehensively and the final between the two took place on 23 June 2013. India beat England by 5 runs at [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]], winning their second title, although their first title, in [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]], was shared with Sri Lanka due to the final being washed out. [[Ravindra Jadeja]] was adjudged man of the match and he also received the "Golden Ball" for taking the most wickets in the tournament. [[Shikhar Dhawan]] received the "Golden Bat" for scoring the most runs in the series and was also adjudged the Man of the Series for his consistent outstanding performances. [[MS Dhoni]] became the first captain in history to win all three major ICC trophies – [[2011 ICC Cricket World Cup|World Cup in 2011]], [[2007 ICC World Twenty20|World T20 in 2007]] and [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|this edition of the Champions Trophy]].

=== 2017 ICC Champions Trophy ===
Won by {{cr|PAK}}<ref name="pakwin">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2017/jun/18/pakistan-v-india-icc-champions-trophy-2017-final-live| title=Pakistan beat India by 180 runs to win ICC Champions Trophy 2017 final| work=[[The Guardian]]| date=18 June 2017}}</ref>
{{Main|2017 ICC Champions Trophy}}

In the lead-up to the 2013 tournament, the ICC announced that the 2013 Champions Trophy was to be the last,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/current/story/561563.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |title= No Champions Trophy after 2013 |date=17 April 2012}}</ref> with its place in the cricketing calendar to be taken by a new [[ICC World Test Championship]].<ref>{{cite news |title=ICC confirms World Test Championship in England in 2017 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cricket/23114735 |work=BBC Sport |date=29 June 2013 |access-date=29 June 2013}}</ref> However, in January 2014, that decision was reversed, due to the massive success of the 2013 edition, with the ICC confirming that the 2017 Champions Trophy tournament would take place and the proposed Test Championship was cancelled.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://tvnz.co.nz/cricket-news/watered-down-icc-proposal-significant-nz-5814010| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140203181530/http://tvnz.co.nz/cricket-news/watered-down-icc-proposal-significant-nz-5814010| archive-date = 2014-02-03| title = Watered down ICC proposal significant for NZ Cricket - Cricket News {{!}} TVNZ}}</ref> England and Wales hosted the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy. England became the only country to host the Champions Trophy thrice, and England and Wales became the only countries to host the ICC Champions Trophy consecutively, also hosting the [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013 edition]]. [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] replaced the [[West Indies national cricket team|West Indies]], who finished outside the top eight in ninth position, in the ICC ODI Team Rankings on the cut-off date. Bangladesh returned to the ICC Champions Trophy for the first time since 2006, and, for the first time, the West Indies failed to qualify.

Arch-rivals India and Pakistan took each other on in the final of a tournament for the first time since 2007, with the final taking place at [[The Oval]] in [[London]].<ref name="fourth">{{cite news|title=ICC Champions Trophy: Dominant India set up blockbuster Pakistan final |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/champions-trophy-2017/top-stories/ind-vs-ban-score-updates/articleshow/59159486.cms |access-date=16 June 2017|work=[[The Times of India]] |date=16 June 2017}}</ref> It was India's fourth appearance and Pakistan's maiden appearance in a Champions Trophy final. Pakistan beat India comfortably by 180 runs, outclassing them across all three departments-batting, bowling and fielding, unlike in the match between the two teams in the group stages, where [[India national cricket team|India]] had beaten Pakistan by a huge margin.<ref name="pakwin" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1340320/pakistan-hand-339-run-target-to-india-in-high-octane-champions-trophy-final|title=Champions!|last=Dawn.com|date=2017-06-18|work=DAWN.COM|access-date=2017-06-18|language=en}}</ref> Pakistan, the lowest-ranked team in the competition,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/icc-champions-trophy-2017/england-favourites-for-icc-champions-trophy-pakistan-underdogs-waqar-younis/story-3U0nm4SjrW5l2uH5SUjQZL.html|title=England favourites, Pakistan underdogs:Waqar Younis|date=6 June 2017|access-date=17 June 2017|work=ICC Cricket|author1=Jon Stewart}}</ref> won their first Champions Trophy title and became the seventh nation to win it.

[[Fakhar Zaman (cricketer)|Fakhar Zaman]] of Pakistan received the Man of the Match award for scoring 114.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/zaman-the-fauji-who-is-now-the-fakhar-of-pakistan-icc-champions-trophy-4710730/|title=Former Navy officer, Fakhar Zaman is now the pride of Pakistan|work=The Indian Express|date=18 June 2017|author1=Rajdeep Sardesai}}</ref> [[Shikhar Dhawan]] of India received the "Golden Bat" award for scoring 338 runs, and became the first and only batter to not only win 2 Golden Bats in the ICC Champions Trophy but also 2 consecutive Golden Bats (he also won it in 2013).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/icc-champions-trophy-2017-shikhar-dhawans-dazzling-run-wins-him-golden-bat-4710559/|title=Shikhar Dhawan's dazzling run gets him Golden Bat|work=The Indian Express|author1=Bikas Jairu|date=18 June 2017}}</ref> [[Hasan Ali (cricketer)|Hasan Ali]] of Pakistan received the "Golden Ball" award for taking 13 wickets; he was also adjudged the Man of the Series for his outstanding contribution towards Pakistan's first ICC ODI tournament title since [[1992 ICC Cricket World Cup|1992]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/146284-hasan-ali-receives-player-of-the-tournament-golden-ball-on-outstanding-performance|title=Hasan Ali bags Golden Ball, Man of the Series for outstanding performances|date=18 June 2017|work=GEOtv|author1=Mohammad Zumman}}</ref>

=== 2025 ICC Champions Trophy ===

On 16 November 2021, it was announced that the [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy]] will be held in [[Pakistan]]. It is expected to be played in February and March 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=ANI|date=Nov 16, 2021|title=Pakistan to host 2025 Champions Trophy {{!}} Cricket News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/pakistan-to-host-2025-champions-trophy/articleshow/87739671.cms|access-date=2021-11-16|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

=== 2029 ICC Champions Trophy ===

On 16 November 2021, it was announced that the [[2029 ICC Champions Trophy]] will be held in [[India]]. It is expected to be played in October and November 2029.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=ANI|date=Nov 16, 2021|title=Pakistan to host 2025 Champions Trophy {{!}} Cricket News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/pakistan-to-host-2025-champions-trophy/articleshow/87739671.cms|access-date=2021-11-16|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== Debut of teams ==
Team appearing for the first time, in alphabetical order per year.

{| class="wikitable" width=90% sortable" style="text-align:"
|-
! Year
! Debutants
! Total
|-
|[[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]
| {{Cr|Australia}}, {{Cr|England}}, {{Cr|India}}, {{Cr|New Zealand}}, {{Cr|Pakistan}}, {{Cr|South Africa}}, {{Cr|Sri Lanka}}, {{Cr|West Indies}}, {{Cr|Zimbabwe}}
| 9
|-
| [[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]]
| {{Cr|Bangladesh}}, {{Cr|Kenya}}
| 2
|-
| [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]]
| {{Cr|Netherlands}}
| 1
|-
| [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]]
| {{Cr|United States}}
| 1
|-
| [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]]
| ''none''
| 0
|-
| [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]]
| ''none''
| 0
|-
| [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]
| ''none''
| 0
|-
| [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]
| ''none''
| 0
|-
| [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy|2025]]
| TBD
| 0
|-
| [[2029 ICC Champions Trophy|2029]]
| TBD
| 0
|-
| Total
|
| 13
|}

==Tournament records== 

=== Records summary ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="4" | Records Summary
|-
! colspan="4" | Batting
|-
|Most runs
|{{cricon|WIN}} [[Chris Gayle]]
|791 ([[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]]–[[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records - Most Runs|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[Batting average (cricket)|Highest average]] (min. 10 inns.)
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Virat Kohli]]
|88.16 ([[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]]–[[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/highest_career_batting_average.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records - Highest Averages|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
|Highest score
| {{cricon|New Zealand}} [[Nathan Astle]] v {{cr|USA}} {{cricon|ZIM}} [[Andy Flower]] v {{cr|IND}}
|145* ([[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]]) 145 ([[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records - High Scores|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
|Highest [[partnership (cricket)|partnership]]
| {{cricon|AUS}} [[Shane Watson]] & [[Ricky Ponting]] (2nd wicket) v {{cr|ENG}}
|252 ([[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fow/highest_partnerships_for_any_wicket.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records - Highest Partnership|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
|Most runs in a tournament
|{{cricon|WIN}} [[Chris Gayle]]
|474 ([[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_series.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records - Most Runs in a Series|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
|Most hundreds
|{{cricon|IND}} [[Shikhar Dhawan]] {{cricon|RSA}} [[Herschelle Gibbs]] {{cricon|IND}} [[Sourav Ganguly]] {{cricon|West Indies}} [[Chris Gayle]]
|3 ([[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]]–[[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]) 3 ([[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]]–[[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]]) 3 ([[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]–[[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]]) 3 ([[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]]–[[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_hundreds_career.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records - Most Hundreds|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="4" | Bowling
|-
|Most wickets
|{{cricon|NZ}} [[Kyle Mills]]
|28 ([[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]]–[[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records - Most Wickets|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
|Best [[bowling average]]
|{{cricon|RSA}} [[Dale Benkenstein]]
|1.66 ([[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]–[[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_career_bowling_average.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records - Best Bowling Averages|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
|Best [[strike rate]]
|{{cricon|RSA}} [[Dale Benkenstein]]
|7.6 ([[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]–[[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_career_strike_rate.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records – Best Strike Rates|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
|Best [[economy rate]]
|{{cricon|RSA}} [[Dale Benkenstein]]
|1.30 ([[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]–[[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_career_economy_rate.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records - Best Economy Rates|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
|Best bowling figures
|{{cricon|SRI}} [[Farveez Maharoof]] v {{cr|WIN}}
|6/14 ([[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_figures_innings.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records - Best Bowling Figures|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
|Most wickets in a tournament
|{{cricon|PAK}} [[Hasan Ali (cricketer)|Hasan Ali]] {{cricon|WIN}} [[Jerome Taylor]]
|13 ([[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]]) 13 ([[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_series.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records - Most Wickets in a Series|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="4" | Fielding
|-
|Most dismissals ([[wicket-keeper]])
|{{cricon|SRI}} [[Kumar Sangakkara]]
|33 ([[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]]–[[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most_dismissals_career.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records - Most Dismissals|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
|Most catches ([[fielding (cricket)|fielder]])
|{{cricon|SRI}} [[Mahela Jayawardene]]
|15 ([[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]]–[[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fielding/most_catches_career.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records - Most Catches|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="4" | Team
|-
|Highest team total
|{{cr|NZ}} (v {{cr|USA}})
|347/4 ([[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/highest_innings_totals.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records - Highest Totals|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
|Lowest team total
|{{cr|USA}} (v {{cr|AUS}})
|65 ([[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/lowest_innings_totals.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records - Lowest Totals|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
|Highest win % (min. 5 matches played)
|{{cr|IND}}
|69.23% (Played 29, Won 18) ([[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]]–[[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records - Highest Win Percentage|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
|Largest victory (by runs)
|{{cr|NZ}} (v {{cr|USA}})
|210 ([[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/largest_margins.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records - Largest Victories|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
|Highest match aggregate
|{{cr|IND}} v {{cr|SRI}}
|643-9 ([[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/highest_match_aggregates.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records - Highest Match Aggregate|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
|Lowest match aggregate
|{{cr|AUS}} v {{cr|USA}}
|131-11 ([[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]])
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/lowest_match_aggregates.html?id=44;type=trophy|title=ICC Champions Trophy Records - Lowest Match Aggregate|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4"; style="text-align:center;" | Last updated: 12 November 2021
|}

=== Batting ===
==== Most tournament runs ====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Runs
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Team
! scope="col" | Matches
! scope="col" | Innings
! scope="col" | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 791
| {{sortname|Chris|Gayle}}
| {{cr|WIN}}
| align=center | 17
| align=center | 17
| 2002–2013
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 741
| {{sortname|Mahela|Jayawardene}}
| {{cr|SL}}
| align=center | 22
| align=center | 21
| 2000–2013
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 701
| {{sortname|Shikhar|Dhawan}}
| {{cr|IND}}
| align=center | 10
| align=center | 10
| 2013–2017
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 683
| {{sortname|Kumar|Sangakkara}}
| {{cr|SL}}
| align=center | 22
| align=center | 21
| 2000–2013
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 665
| {{sortname|Sourav|Ganguly}}
| {{cr|IND}}
| align=center | 13
| align=center | 11
| 1998–2004
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=7 | Last updated: 18 June 2017<ref name="ICC CT MOST RUNS">{{cite web|title=ICC Champions Trophy records – Most tournament runs|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=44;type=trophy|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307212737/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=44;type=trophy|archive-date=7 March 2017}}</ref>
|}

==== Highest individual score ====
{{See also|List of ICC Champions Trophy centuries}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Runs
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Team
! scope="col" | Opposition
! scope="col" | Venue
! scope="col" | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|1|145*}}
| {{sortname|Nathan|Astle}}
| {{cr|NZL}}
| {{cr|USA}}
| [[The Oval]], [[London]], England
| {{dts|format=dmy|2004|September|10}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|2|145}}
| {{sortname|Andy|Flower}}
| {{cr|ZIM}}
| {{cr|IND}}
| [[R. Premadasa Stadium]], [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka
| {{dts|format=dmy|2002|September|14}}
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|3|141*}}
| {{sortname|[[Sourav Ganguly]]
| {{cr|IND}}
| {{cr|RSA}}
| [[Gymkhana Club Ground]], [[Nairobi]], Kenya
| {{dts|format=dmy|2000|October|13}}
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|4|141}}
| {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| {{cr|IND}}
| {{cr|AUS}}
| [[Bangabandhu National Stadium]], [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
| {{dts|format=dmy|1998|October|28}}
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|5|141}}
| {{sortname|Graeme|Smith}}
| {{cr|RSA}}
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[SuperSport Park]], [[Centurion, Gauteng|Centurion]], South Africa
| {{dts|format=dmy|2009|September|27}}
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=7 | Last updated: 4 June 2017<ref>{{cite web|title=ICC Champions Trophy records – Highest individual score|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?id=44;type=trophy|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604024401/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?id=44;type=trophy|archive-date=4 June 2017}}</ref>
|}

=== Bowling ===
==== Most tournament wickets ====
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Wickets
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Team
! scope="col" | Matches
! scope="col" | Innings
! scope="col" | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 28
| {{sortname|Kyle|Mills}}
| {{cr|NZL}}
| align=center | 15
| align=center | 15
| 2002–2013
|-
| align=center rowspan=2 | {{sort|3|2=2}}
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2 | 24
| {{sortname|Muttiah|Muralitharan}}
| {{cr|SL}}
| align=center | 17
| align=center | 15
| 1998–2009
|-
| {{sortname|Lasith|Malinga}}
| {{cr|SL}}
| align=center | 15
| align=center | 15
| 2006–2017
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 22
| {{sortname|Brett|Lee}}
| {{cr|AUS}}
| align=center | 16
| align=center | 15
| 2000–2009
|-
| align=center rowspan=2 | {{sort|5|2=5}}
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2 | 21
| {{sortname|Glenn|McGrath}}
| {{cr|AUS}}
| align=center | 12
| align=center | 12
| 2000–2006
|-
| {{sortname|James|Anderson|dab=cricketer}}
| {{cr|ENG}}
| align=center | 12
| align=center | 12
| 2006–2013
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=7 | Last updated: 11 June 2017<ref name="ICC CT MOST WICKETS">{{cite web|title=ICC Champions Trophy records – Most tournament wickets|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=44;type=trophy|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621231152/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=44;type=trophy|archive-date=21 June 2013}}</ref>
|}

==== Best figures in an innings ====
{{See also|List of ICC Champions Trophy five-wicket hauls}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Figures
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Team
! scope="col" | Opposition
! scope="col" | Venue
! scope="col" | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|686|6/14}}
| {{sortname|Farveez|Maharoof}}
| {{cr|SL}}
| {{cr|WIN}}
| [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]], India
| {{dts|format=dmy|2006|October|14}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|648|6/52}}
| {{sortname|Josh|Hazlewood}}
| {{cr|AUS}}
| {{cr|NZL}}
| [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]], [[Birmingham]], England
| {{dts|format=dmy|2017|June|2}}
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|589|5/11}}
| {{sortname|Shahid|Afridi}}
| {{cr|PAK}}
| {{cr|KEN}}
| [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]], [[Birmingham]], England
| {{dts|format=dmy|2004|September|14}}
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|579|5/21}}
| {{sortname|Makhaya|Ntini}}
| {{cr|RSA}}
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium]], [[Mohali]], India
| {{dts|format=dmy|2006|October|27}}
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|571|5/29}}
| {{sortname|Mervyn|Dillon}}
| {{cr|WIN}}
| {{cr|BAN}}
| [[Rose Bowl (cricket ground)|The Rose Bowl]], [[Southampton]], England
| {{dts|format=dmy|2004|September|15}}
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=7 | Last updated: 4 June 2017<ref>{{cite web|title=ICC Champions Trophy records – Best figures in an innings|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_figures_innings.html?id=44;type=trophy|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031111357/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_figures_innings.html?id=44;type=trophy|archive-date=31 October 2014}}</ref>
|}

=== By tournament ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
|-
! Year !! Winning Captain !! Player of the final !! Player of the tournament !! Most runs !! Most wickets
|-
| [[1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy|1998]] ||{{flagicon|RSA}} [[Hansie Cronje]] ||{{flagicon|RSA}} [[Jacques Kallis]] ||{{flagicon|RSA}} [[Jacques Kallis]] || {{flagicon|WIN}} [[Philo Wallace]] (221) || {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Jacques Kallis]] (8)
|-
| [[2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy|2000]] ||{{flagicon|NZ}} [[Stephen Fleming]] ||{{flagicon|NZ}} [[Chris Cairns]] || ''Not awarded''
|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sourav Ganguly]] (348) || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Venkatesh Prasad]] (8)
|-
| [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]] ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saurav Ganguly]] / {{flagicon|SL}} [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] || ''Not awarded'' || ''Not awarded'' || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Virender Sehwag]] (271) || {{flagicon|SL}} [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] (10)
|-
| [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]] ||{{flagicon|WIN}} [[Brian Lara]] || {{flagicon|WIN}} [[Ian Bradshaw]] || {{flagicon|WIN}} [[Ramnaresh Sarwan]] || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Marcus Trescothick]] (261) || {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Andrew Flintoff]] (9)
|-
| [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006]] ||{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Ricky Ponting]] || {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Shane Watson]] || {{flagicon|WIN}} [[Chris Gayle]] || {{flagicon|WIN}} [[Chris Gayle]] (474) || {{flagicon|WIN}} [[Jerome Taylor]] (13)
|-
| [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy|2009]]|| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Ricky Ponting]] || {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Shane Watson]] || {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Ricky Ponting]] || {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Ricky Ponting]] (288) || {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Wayne Parnell]] (11)
|-
| [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy|2013]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ravindra Jadeja]]|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shikhar Dhawan]] || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shikhar Dhawan]] (363) || {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ravindra Jadeja]] (12)
|-
| [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy|2017]] || {{flagicon|PAK}} [[Sarfaraz Ahmed]] ||{{flagicon|PAK}} [[Fakhar Zaman (cricketer)|Fakhar Zaman]]|| {{flagicon|PAK}} [[Hasan Ali (cricketer)|Hasan Ali]]|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shikhar Dhawan]] (338) || {{flagicon|PAK}} [[Hasan Ali (cricketer)|Hasan Ali]] (13)
|-
| [[2025 ICC Champions Trophy|2025]] || || || || ||
|-
| [[2029 ICC Champions Trophy|2029]] || || || || ||
|}

==See also==
*[[ICC Cricket World Cup]]
*[[ICC T20 World Cup]]
*[[ICC World Test Championship]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{ICC Champions Trophy}}
{{International cricket}}
{{ICC Champions Trophy winners}}

[[Category:ICC Champions Trophy| ]]
[[Category:International Cricket Council events|Champions Trophy]]
[[Category:One Day International cricket competitions]]
[[Category:Recurring sporting events established in 1998]]
[[Category:Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2017]]

Cuttack

2023-10-01T09:33:12Z

Radhika: fix

{{About|the city|the district|Cuttack district|}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Cuttack
| other_name = Kataka
| settlement_type = City
| translit_lang1_info =
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 290
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow = 1/2/2/1
| image1 = Cuttack Bali Yatra Gate.jpg
| image2 = South East Corner view of the Elephant stables at Barabati Fort , Cuttack 05.jpg
| image3 = Barabati Stadium IPL Match Pune Warriors India vs. Deccan Chargers.jpg
| image4 = Cuttack Chandi.jpg
| image5 = Banasur Temple Barapurikia.jpg
| image6 = Bridge near mahanadi vihar cuttack.JPG
}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Clockwise from top: Bali Jatra Gate, Barabati Stadium, Banasura Temple, Mahanadi Bridge, Cuttack Maa Chandi, Barabati Fort
| nicknames = Silver City Millennium City <ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/cuttack/travel-guide/exploring-cuttackodishas-silver-city/gs47642177.cms |title= Exploring Cuttack―Odisha's Silver City |website= [[The Times of India]] |access-date=4 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822035017/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/cuttack/travel-guide/exploring-cuttackodishas-silver-city/gs47642177.cms |archive-date=22 August 2020 |url-status=live }} [https://www.nativeplanet.com/travel-guide/places-visit-cuttack-odisha-000737.html Alt URL]</ref>
| pushpin_map = India Odisha#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Odisha, India
| coordinates = {{coord|20|31|25|N|85|47|17|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Odisha|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{Flagicon image|Orissa Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Odisha]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Cuttack District|Cuttack]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 989 CE
| founder = Markat Keshari of Keshari Dynasty
| named_for = Ancient military cantonment of [[Utkal]]
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = [[Cuttack Municipal Corporation|Cuttack Municipal Corporation (CMC)]]
| leader_title = [[Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]]
| leader_name = Shri Bhartruhari Mahatab
| leader_party = [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
| leader_title1 = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Members of Legislative Assembly]]
| leader_name1 = Barabati-Cuttack : Shri Mohammed Moquim, [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
Choudwar-Cuttack : Shri Souvic Biswal, [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
Cuttack Sadar (SC) : Shri Chandra Sarathi Behera, [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
| leader_title2 = [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader_name2 = Nikhil Pavan Kalyan, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title3 = [[Superintendent of police (India)|Deputy Commissioner of Police]]
| leader_name3 = Pinak Mishra, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name='CMC'>{{cite web|title=Cuttack Municipal Corporation}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 192.5
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_rank = 2nd in Odisha .
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 36
| population_total = 606,007
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="pop">{{cite web|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|publisher=Census of India, Government of India|access-date=2 November 2011}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro = 666,702
| population_rank = [[List of most populous cities in India|India 72nd]], [[List of most populous cities in Odisha|Odisha 2nd]]
| population_demonym = Katakia
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|ZIP code(s)]]
| postal_code = 7530xx/754xxx
| area_code = 0671
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = OD-05
| blank_name_sec1 = [[UN/LOCODE]]
| blank_info_sec1 = IN CUT
| website = {{URL|cmccuttack.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| official_name =
}}

'''Cuttack''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Cuttack.ogg|ˈ|k|ʌ|t|ə|k}}, or officially '''Kataka''' {{IPA-or|ˈkɔʈɔkɔ|}}) in [[Odia language|Odia]], is the former capital and the second largest city in the Indian state of [[Odisha]]. It is the headquarters of the [[Cuttack district]]. The name of the city is an anglicised form of the [[Odia language|Odia]] and [[Sanskrit]] name ''Kataka'' which literally means ''The Fort'', a reference to the ancient [[Barabati Fort]] around which the city initially developed. Cuttack is known as the ''Millennium City'' as well as the ''Silver City'' due to its history of 1000 years and famous silver filigree works. The [[Orissa High Court]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cuttackroadmap_new2.asp|title=odisha high court location map|work=Odisha high court road map|publisher=Odisha Government|access-date=8 August 2014}}{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> is located there. It is the commercial capital of Odisha which hosts many trading and business houses in and around the city. Cuttack is famous for its [[Durga Puja]] which is one of the most important [[festivals of Odisha]]. Cuttack is also the birthplace of Indian nationalist & freedom fighter Netaji [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] from [[West Bengal|Bengal]]. The city is categorised as a [[Classification of Indian cities|Tier-II]] city as per the ranking system used by [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/tier-1-and-2-cities.html|title=Tier I and Tier II Cities map|work=Tier II Cities map|publisher =maps of India|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/10-indian-cities-quiet-peaceful-life-for-retirement/1/198976.html|title=Tier II and Tier III Cities|work=Tier II Cities|date=12 October 2013 |publisher=Business Today|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbmcw.com/reports/construction-infra-industry/30474-tier-ii-a-iii-cities-growth-engines-for-the-future.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715045352/http://www.nbmcw.com/reports/construction-infra-industry/30474-tier-ii-a-iii-cities-growth-engines-for-the-future.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 July 2013|title=Growth of Tier II and Tier III Cities|work=Tier II Cities growth|publisher=NBM Media|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref>

The old and the most important part of the city is centred on a strip of land between the [[Kathajodi River]] and the [[Mahanadi River]], bounded on the south-east by Old Jagannath Road.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmccuttack.gov.in/(S(1oirng45sr0ka255bqmljbz0))/geographical_details.html|title=Geographical Details of CMC|work=Geography|publisher=cuttack Municipal Corporation|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> The city, being a part of the [[Cuttack Municipal Corporation]] consisting of 59 wards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmccuttack.gov.in/overview_on_cmc.html|title=Welcome to Cuttack Municipal Corporation|work=Overview on CMC|publisher=cuttack Municipal Corporation|access-date=24 April 2018}}</ref> Cuttack stretches from Phulnakhara across the [[Kathajodi River|Kathajodi]] in the south to [[Choudwar]] in north across the Birupa River, while in the east it begins at Kandarpur and runs west as far as Naraj. Four rivers including [[Mahanadi River|Mahanadi]] and its distributaries [[Kathajodi River|Kathajodi]], [[Kuakhai River|Kuakhai]], Birupa run through the city. Further Kathajodi is distributed into [[Devi River|Devi]] and Biluakhai which often makes the geographical area look like fibrous roots.

Cuttack and [[Bhubaneswar]] are often referred to as the Twin-Cities of Odisha. The metropolitan area formed by the two cities has a population of 1.862 million in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html|title=Major Agglomerations of the World|work=City Population|publisher=City Population, Germany|access-date=24 April 2018}}</ref>
Cuttack, an unplanned city, is characterized by a maze of streets, lanes and by-lanes which have given it the nickname of a city with ''Bauna Bazaar, Tepana Galee'' and i.e. 52 markets and 53 streets.
{{TOC limit|2}}

== Etymology ==
The name ''Cuttack'' is an anglicised form of ''Kataka'' ([[Odia language|Odia]]: କଟକ) which is derived from [[Sanskrit]] meaning capital, fort and military establishment or a cantonment.<ref name="Bhoi">{{Cite journal|author1=Bhoi, Debendra Nath|author2=Bakshi, Priyadarshini|title=Historical Importance of Cuttack Town|journal=Orissa Historical Research Journal|volume=47|issue=2|pages=132–136|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/journal/journal2/pdf/ohrj-018.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903144524/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Journal/Journal2/pdf/ohrj-018.pdf|archive-date=3 September 2013}}</ref> The city was known as Bidanasi Kataka (meaning Bidanasi Military Base) during the days when [[Barabati Fort]] was in existence. Bidanasi is now one of the localities of the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Description of the Ward no.1|publisher=Cuttack Municipal Corporation|url=http://www.cmccuttack.gov.in/elected_corporator_1.html}}</ref>

== History ==
The earliest written history of Cuttack may go back to the [[Keshari dynasty]].<ref name="Bhoi" /> As stated by the historian Andrew Stirling, present-day Cuttack was established as a military cantonment by king Nrupa Keshari of Keshari dynasty in 989 CE. Stirling based his opinion on the [[Madala Panji]], a chronicle of the [[Jagannath]]a temple of [[Puri]].<ref>{{Cite book|author=Stirling, Andrew|year=1822|title=An account, geographical, statistical and historical of Orissa proper, or Cuttack|location=[Calcutta]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rYkIAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> The reign of Maharaja Markata Keshari was distinguished for the stone embank built to protect the new capital from flood in 1002 CE.

Historical and archaeological evidence suggests Cuttack becoming capital of a kingdom founded by Raja Anangabhimadeva III of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Ganga dynasty]] in 1211 CE.<ref name="Mohanty-PK">{{Cite journal|author=Mohanty, Pramod Kumar|year=2007|title=Cuttack : Carrying the Heritage of Orissa|journal=Orissa Review|volume=63|issue=1|pages=57–61|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/jan-2007/engpdf/57-61.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727052933/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/jan-2007/engpdf/57-61.pdf|archive-date=27 July 2014}}</ref> After the end of Ganga rule, [[Odisha]] passed to the hands of the [[Gajapati Kingdom|Suryavamsi Gajapati dynasty]] (1434–1541 CE) under whom Cuttack continued to be the capital of Odisha.<ref name="Mohanty-PK" /> After the death of Raja Mukunda deva,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Reddy|first=Krishna|year=2005|title=General Studies History 4 UPSC|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|page=B-32|isbn=978-0-07-060447-6}}</ref> the last Hindu [[List of rulers of Odisha|king of Orissa]], Cuttack first came under Muslim rule and later under [[Mughals]],<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Das, G. S.|year=1955|title=History of Cuttack|journal=Orissa Historical Research Journal |volume=3|pages=197–214}}</ref> who made Cuttack the seat of the new [[Orissa Subah]] (imperial top-level province) under [[Shah Jahan]].

By 1750, Cuttack came under the [[Maratha Empire]] and it grew fast as a business centre being the convenient point of contact between the [[Bhonsale]] Marathas of [[Kingdom of Nagpur|Nagpur]] and the [[East India Company|English merchants of Bengal]]. The term "Attock te Cuttack" ([[Attock]] to Cuttack) was first used to describe the extent of the [[Maratha Empire]] after they conquered Cuttack in 1750 and Attock in 1758. It was occupied by the British in 1803 and later became the capital of Odisha division in 1816. From 1948 onwards, when the capital was shifted to [[Bhubaneswar]], the city remained the administrative headquarters for the state of [[Odisha]].

The introduction of the Sharadiya Utsav tradition in the city dates back to the visit of Saint Chaitanya in the 16th century when the consecration of the idol of [[Durga]] by using the mask pattern was conducted in his presence at Binod Behari Devi Mandap.{{cn|date=November 2022}}

The remains of the old moated [[Barabati Fort]] still exist in the heart of Cuttack.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mohanty, Arun K.|year=2000|title=Cuttack: City of the Fort|journal=Orissa Review|volume=2000|issue=7 (September)|pages=36–40}}</ref>

== Geography ==

Cuttack is located at {{Coord|20|31|23|N|085|47|17|E|}}<ref>{{GEOnet2|32FA8823083C3774E0440003BA962ED3|Cuttack Approved – N}}, [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref> and has an average elevation of {{convert|36|m|ft}}. The city is spread across an area of {{convert|192.5|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}. The city, being a [[Cuttack Municipal Corporation]] which consists of 59 wards. The city stretches from Phulnakhara in south to Choudwar in north and Kandarpur in east to naraj in west while main city is located at the apex of the [[Mahanadi River]] delta. Apart from Mahanadi, four of its distributaries also run through the city. The distributaries include Mahanadi, Kathajodi, Kuakhai and Birupa where Kathajodi further has two distributaries; the right being Devi while the left is Biluakhai. Mahanadi runs through the city on the northern side separating the main city from the Jagatpur Industrial Area. The Kathajodi river forms a riverine island of Bayalis Mouza (42 Wards) after separating the main city from Gopalpur. The Kuakhai river separates the southern part of the city into two-halves, namely Pratap Nagri and the new township of Naranpur. The Kuakhai runs throughout the south of the city along Phulnakhara before entering Bhubaneswar. The Birupa river runs through the north of Jagatpur Industrial Area separating it from Choudwar. There are numerous ponds known as (''pokharis'') in the city that store rain water. The Mahanadi provides much of the drinking water to the city.{{cn|date=November 2022}} Recent growth of the city has resulted in expansion across the [[Kathajodi River]] and a newer township towards the head of the delta formed between the tributary Kathajodi river and the main river Mahanadi has come up by the name of Markat Nagar (popularly known as CDA by the local residents) which is spread across 2000 acres. CDA has 15 sectors out of which 11 are residential & has population around {{formatnum:150000}}. Jagatpur & Mahanadi Vihar are the other two townships in the city. [[Mahanadi Vihar]] is the first satellite city project in [[Odisha]]. Cuttack is referred to as a city with ''Baaban Bazaar, Teppan Galee'' i.e. this is the city of 52 markets and 53 streets which is told by people of [[Odisha]] for the largeness of this city.{{cn|date=November 2022}} Naranpur is another satellite township coming up in Trishulia, on the other side of [[Kathajodi River]].

=== Climate ===
Cuttack experiences a [[tropical wet and dry climate]]. The summer season is from March to June when the climate is hot and humid. The temperature around this season is 35 °C to 40 °C Thunderstorms are common at the height of the summer. The monsoon months are from July to October when the city receives most of its rainfall from the South West Monsoon. The annual rainfall is around {{Convert|1597.9|mm|cm}}. Temperatures are considerably lower during the rainy season, averaging around 30 °C. The winter season from November to February is characterised by mild temperatures and occasional showers. The winter months feature chilly northerly winds which bring down the temperature to around 15 °C, though the bright sunshine helps maintain the pleasant weather. Temperatures may exceed 45 °C at the height of summer and may fall below 10 °C in winter. The highest recorded temperature is {{Convert|47.7|C|F|abbr=on}} recorded on 2 May 1957, and the lowest is {{Convert|5.8|C|F|abbr=on}} recorded on 7 January 1986.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Swain|display-authors=et al |first1=S. |title=2017 2nd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT) |chapter=A multiple linear regression model for precipitation forecasting over Cuttack district, Odisha, India |pages=355–357 |doi=10.1109/I2CT.2017.8226150 |isbn=978-1-5090-4307-1 |year=2017 |s2cid=11416484 }}</ref>

Due to the proximity to coast, the city is prone to cyclones from the [[Bay of Bengal]]. One such cyclone struck Cuttack in [[1971 Odisha cyclone|1971]], resulting in more than 10,000 deaths in the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osdma.org/ViewDetails.aspx?vchglinkid=GL002&vchplinkid=PL005|title=History of Cyclone|access-date=10 June 2014|publisher=Odisha State Disaster Management Authories|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714162617/http://www.osdma.org/ViewDetails.aspx?vchglinkid=GL002&vchplinkid=PL005|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Bureau of Indian Standards]] places the city inside [[Earthquake hazard zoning of India|seismic zone III]] on a scale ranging from {{nowrap|I to V}} in order of increasing susceptibility to earthquakes.<ref name="hazardprofile">{{cite web|url=http://www.undp.org.in/dmweb/hazardprofile.pdf|title=Hazard profiles of Indian districts|access-date=23 August 2006 |work=National Capacity Building Project in Disaster Management |publisher=[[UNDP]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519100611/http://www.undp.org.in/dmweb/hazardprofile.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2006}}</ref> The [[United Nations Development Programme]] reports that there is "very high damage risk" from winds and [[cyclone]]s.<ref name="hazardprofile" /> The [[1999 Odisha cyclone]] caused major damage to the city claiming many lives.<ref>{{cite news|last=Goldenberg|first=Suzanne|title=Cyclone kills hundreds in India|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/01/naturaldisasters.weather1|access-date=14 December 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=1 November 1999}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| location = Cuttack (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2010)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 36.6
| Feb record high C = 40.1
| Mar record high C = 42.8
| Apr record high C = 45.0
| May record high C = 47.7
| Jun record high C = 47.2
| Jul record high C = 42.3
| Aug record high C = 38.4
| Sep record high C = 41.1
| Oct record high C = 40.0
| Nov record high C = 36.9
| Dec record high C = 33.7
| year record high C = 47.7
| Jan high C = 28.8
| Feb high C = 31.8
| Mar high C = 35.3
| Apr high C = 37.2
| May high C = 37.2
| Jun high C = 35.1
| Jul high C = 32.5
| Aug high C = 32.0
| Sep high C = 32.7
| Oct high C = 32.6
| Nov high C = 30.9
| Dec high C = 28.9
| year high C = 32.9
| Jan low C = 14.7
| Feb low C = 17.8
| Mar low C = 21.4
| Apr low C = 23.9
| May low C = 25.0
| Jun low C = 24.8
| Jul low C = 24.0
| Aug low C = 24.1
| Sep low C = 24.0
| Oct low C = 22.3
| Nov low C = 18.3
| Dec low C = 14.5
| year low C = 21.2
| Jan record low C = 5.8
| Feb record low C = 8.5
| Mar record low C = 13.0
| Apr record low C = 13.5
| May record low C = 16.5
| Jun record low C = 17.0
| Jul record low C = 18.2
| Aug record low C = 17.5
| Sep record low C = 17.0
| Oct record low C = 14.0
| Nov record low C = 10.0
| Dec record low C = 7.5
| year record low C = 5.8
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 14.0
| Feb rain mm = 16.6
| Mar rain mm = 23.8
| Apr rain mm = 45.0
| May rain mm = 106.0
| Jun rain mm = 196.0
| Jul rain mm = 361.4
| Aug rain mm = 365.0
| Sep rain mm = 258.4
| Oct rain mm = 176.2
| Nov rain mm = 31.4
| Dec rain mm = 4.1
| year rain mm = 1597.9
| Jan rain days = 0.8
| Feb rain days = 1.8
| Mar rain days = 2.0
| Apr rain days = 2.6
| May rain days = 5.1
| Jun rain days = 10.8
| Jul rain days = 14.6
| Aug rain days = 16.2
| Sep rain days = 12.0
| Oct rain days = 6.3
| Nov rain days = 1.9
| Dec rain days = 0.5
| year rain days = 74.3
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 54
| Feb humidity = 50
| Mar humidity = 52
| Apr humidity = 58
| May humidity = 61
| Jun humidity = 70
| Jul humidity = 79
| Aug humidity = 81
| Sep humidity = 79
| Oct humidity = 71
| Nov humidity = 63
| Dec humidity = 57
| year humidity = 65
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Cuttack Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 215–216
| access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M162
| access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=IMDcityrainfall>
{{cite web
| url = https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?stn=42970
| title = Cuttack(42970)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| access-date = 13 August 2022}}</ref>
| source =
}}

== Culture ==
{{unreferencedsect|date=November 2022}}
=== Pilgrimage sites ===
[[File:Cuttack Chandi.jpg|thumb|Cuttack Chandi Deity]]

==== Cuttack Chandi Temple ====
Dedicated to the Goddess [[Chandi]], the presiding deity of Cuttack. The [[Cuttack Chandi Temple]] is located in proximity to the banks of the Mahanadi River. It is famous for its annual Durga Puja and Kali Puja festivals. The Durga Puja festivities are prominent in Maa Katak Chandi temple which takes place for 16 days starting from dark fortnight of Ashwina Krishna Ashtami till Ashwina Shukla navami and Vijayadashami. The Goddess popularly called as [[Chanditala I|Maa Kataka Chandi]], sits and rules on the heart of the ancient city. Gada Chandi Temple situated within the premises of the [[Barabati Fort]] is one of the oldest temples in Cuttack and is believed to be the older temple of Cuttack Chandi before her shift to the present Cuttack Chandi Temple.

==== Dhabaleshwar Temple ====
Dedicated to the worship of Lord Shiva [[Dhabaleswar|Dhabaleswar Temple]] is situated on an exotic island in the [[Mahanadi River]] and is embellished with stone carvings that date back to the early 10th and 11th century. The island is connected to the mainland on the other side by a suspension bridge which is the first and only of its kind in the state.

==== Paramhansa Nath Temple ====
[[File:Dhabaleswara Cuttack.jpg|thumb|Dhabaleswara Bridge]]Paramhansa Nath Temple, Biribat built, 11th A.D. 4 km from the Cuttack - Paradeep Road. This is situated right on banks of River Kathajodi. Another hidden Gem of Katak, and it is still standing upright 80 ft for 1000 years. This is a five-chambered rekha and pidha shrine. The [[Vimana (architectural feature)|Vimana]] is of [[Pancharatha]] rekha style. The doorjambs of the vimana and the bhogomandapa portray sculptures of the navagraha and dvarapalas. The Plinth of the temple exhibits sculptures portraying war scenes, elephants and horses in procession, decorated swans. In the sanctum is a Patal-Phuta Shiva Linga. There is a wooden canopy and possibly added sometime in the mid-15th or 16th century. Other deities around the temple are Parvati, Kartikeya and Ganesh. A big bull figure and a Rama-abhisekha images are found on the northern wall of the temple. Two Vishnu images are found on the outer walls of the temple. Built by Somavanshi Dynasty.

==== Baba Ramdev Temple ====
[[File:Baba Ramdev Temple, Bhubaneswar - Cuttack Highway, Odisha.jpg|thumb|Baba Ramdev Temple]]
The temple is located beside the Cuttack – Bhubaneswar national highway. It is built entirely of white marble. [[Ramdev Pir]] is a Hindu folk deity of Rajasthan in India. Ramdev is considered to be an incarnation of Krishna. He was said to have had miraculous powers, and his fame reached far and wide. Legend has it that five Pirs from Mecca came to test Ramdev's powers.

==== Qadam e Rasool ====
Believed to be for the veneration of [[Muhammad]]. It comes from the belief started early in [[Islam]] that when [[Muhammad]] stepped on a rock his footprint left an imprint. This belief was not accepted by [[Wahabbi]] influenced sub-sects of Islam. However, the idea was disseminated widely and led to the creation of many shrines around such imprints one of them being situated in Cuttack.

==== Jama Masjid ====
Built during the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] era. Earlier there used to be a [[Madrasa]] in this mosque. However, since a decade, the Madrasa is shifted out. The neighbourhood surrounding the Jama Masjid is inhabited predominantly by Hindus.

==== Gurdwara Guru Nanak Daatan Sahib ====
A holy historical Sikh shrine, the Daatan Sahib [[Gurdwara]] is where the first Sikh Guru, [[Guru Nanak|Shree Guru Nanak]], halted on his way to [[Puri]]. It is believed that a tree branch planted by him after using it as a tooth cleaner still flourishes here, hence the name Daatan Sahib.[[File:Shrine of Baba Bukhari, Cuttack.jpg|thumb|Bukhari Baba Peer]]

==== Bukhari Baba Dargah ====

Bukhari Baba [[Dargah]], one of the well known dargahs in the silver city, draws a huge crowd, especially on Thursdays. People from diverse religions come here to offer prayer to get their wishes fulfilled. The ancient dargah of [[Sufism|Sufi]] saint Sayeed Ali Saheed Bukhari, popularly known as Bukhari Baba's majjar, is situated near [[Barabati fort|Barabati Fort]] in Cuttack. The structure with a white dome is an example of [[Mughal architecture]] built in 1468. It attracts devotees from across the state. Not only Muslim but even people of other religions are regular 'Murid' of the 'dargah'. Around two lakh devotees visit the sacred shrine annually.

==== Digambar Jain Mandir ====
There are four Jain temples in Cuttack City which were established by [[Digambara|Digambar]] and [[Śvētāmbara|Swetambar]] [[Jainism|Jain]] Sects who had migrated to Cuttack from [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Rajasthan]]. These are situated at Choudhury Bazar, Jaunliapatty, Alamchand Bazar and Kaji Bazar, Tirthankara images have been installed in these temples. Digambar Jain temple at Choudhury Bazar was constructed during the second half of the 20th century and is remarkable for its artistic design.

==== The Church of Epiphany ====
Although there are several churches in Cuttack, the oldest among them all is the Church of Epiphany on the Cantonment Road built in the year 1865. This iconic brick structure is an example of the [[Architecture of the United Kingdom|British era colonial architecture]]. [[File:Chaudhury Bazar Chandi Medha.jpg|thumb|Goddess Durga Idol in Chaudhury Bazar]]Other famous temples in Cuttack are Gada Chandi Temple, Khannagar Sai Mandir, Amareswar Temple, Raghunath Jew Temple, Gopal Jew temple,Nitai Gouranga Matha, Rasabihari Matha,Shyamsundar Matha, Ramakrishna Mission|Ramakriskna Mission]], Maa Jhanjhirimangala Temple, Dolamundai Jagannath Temple, Chahata Ram Mandir, Badambadi Siddhivinayak Temple, Khannagar Kali Mandir, Kalia Boda Shani Temple, etc. Cuttack also houses many churches including Holy Rosary Church and Oriya [[Baptist Church]].

=== Festivals ===

* [[Durga Puja in Odisha|Durga Puja]]: Cuttack is famous throughout the nation for its Durga puja celebrations. Nearly 200 earthen idols of Goddess Durga are prepared by the different Puja Committees of the city to worship Goddess Durga The speciality Cuttack Durga Puja are its Durga puja '''Suna Medha''', in which the idols are adorned with huge amounts of gold and silver, with localities trying to outsmart each other by constructing more attractive idols. Cuttack celebrates Durga Puja with full energy on Maha Saptami, Maha Ashtami, Maha Navami and on [[Vijayadashami|Vijaya Dashami or Dussehra]] by burning an effigy of the demon [[Ravana]]. People from all of [[Odisha]] and nearby states visit Cuttack during this period observe the famous festival.
*[[Boita Bandana]]: This festival is celebrated on the last day of the holy Hindu month of [[Kartik (month)|Kartik]]. On this auspicious day people flow miniature boitas or model boats in the Mahanadi and Kathajodi rivers to pay homage to the ancient merchants of [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga Kingdom]]. This day also marks the beginning of [[Bali Jatra]]. This festival is similar to the ''Masakapam Kepesih'' festival of [[Bali]],<ref>{{citation |title=Kalinga Maritime history |publisher=Indo Nordic Author's Collective |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344443146 |author=Uday Dokras |date=October 2020 |access-date=9 February 2021 }}</ref> and to the ''[[Loi Krathong]]'' festival of [[Thailand]], both of which involve ritualistic floating of model boats around the same time of year
*[[Bali Jatra]]: The festival which the people of Cuttack await the most is the [[Bali Jatra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baliyatra.org/|title=Bali Jatra|work=Online Webpage Bali Jatra|publisher=Directorate of Culture, Cuttack|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809131653/http://baliyatra.org/|archive-date=9 August 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=8 August 2014}}</ref> Bali Yatra is supposedly the second largest trade festival in Asia and the largest in India. The name Bali Jatra literally means '''A Voyage to Bali'''. In olden times, merchants used to trade with South-East Asian Island Countries of [[Bali]], [[Java]], [[Sumatra]], [[Borneo]]. Whatever items they brought from those places after trading Oriya goods used to be put up for sale in the capital (which was then Cuttack). People from all over the state and beyond used to come to Cuttack to buy these items. [[Bali Jatra]] is the festival of continuing this ancient tradition. It is held every year in November on the banks of the [[Mahanadi River|Mahanadi]]. Many stalls are set up selling both local and exotic goods. People from all over Odisha come to the Bali Jatra to buy items, as was the custom back in those days.
* [[Kali puja]]: This festival is dedicated to the Hindu Goddess [[Kali]] and is celebrated on the new moon day of the Hindu month of Kartik. It coincides with the pan-Indian festival of [[Diwali]] amidst the bursting of [[firecrackers]]. [[File:Balijatra cuttack.JPG|thumb|Bali Jatra Entrance Gate]]
* [[Kartikeya|Kartikeshwar Puja]]: The puja in Cuttack is organized by the puja committees of Cuttack. This festival is observed to worship [[Kartikeya]], the eldest son of [[Lord Shiva]]. Nowhere else except [[Sabarimala]] is the Kartikeswar puja carried out with so much elan.
* Bada Osha: This is unique to Dhabaleswar Temple. Special Bhoga namely Gaja and Tarana are prepared on this day for the worshippers.
* [[Manabasa Gurubara]] was unique of Cuttack Odisha later celebrated by east Odisha, west Odisha is worship to goddess [[Laxmi]].
* [[Kite]] flying is also celebrated with much enthusiasm and energy in the city. Kite-flying culminates with the Makar Sankranti, with kite-flying competitions being held all over. Cuttack is the first city in the [[East India|Eastern India]] to introduce kite-flying.

All the other regular Indian festivals like [[Ratha-Yatra|Ratha Yatra]], [[Raja Parba|Raja]], [[Ganesh Chaturthi]], [[Vasant Panchami]], [[Holi]], [[Diwali]], [[Chhath]], [[Eid al-Fitr|Eid]], [[Good Friday]], Christmas, and the numerous festivals are celebrated here.

=== Cuisine ===
[[File:Cuttack dahibara aludum.jpg|thumb|Cuttack Dahibara Aloodam]]
Cuttack is the ''street food'' capital of Odisha. It is famous for its [[Dahibara Aludam]], a local delicacy made using black gram (a cousin of the mung bean) and potato curry.''[[Chhena poda]]'' and [[Rasgulla|''Rasagulla'']] from [[Salepur]] by [[Bikalananda Kar]] are local desserts made of unripened curd cheese made from buffalo or cow milk. Apart from Dahibara Aloodam: Chaat, Gupchup (puchuka/panipuri) and samosas rule the streets. The city has major food joints like Chandini Chowk, Bidanasi, Stadium Road, Buxi Bazar, Dolamundai, Choudhary Bazar, etc. Thunka puri is a famous delicacy available only during Baliyatra. Traditional Oriya food such as ''[[Pakhala|Dahi-Pakhal]]'' (rice soaked in water with yogurt and seasonings) is considered a body coolant, accompanied by ''Badi chura'' or ''saga'' are consumed during the months of April–June.

Due to the quantity of Muslim households in the city, traditional Islamic and Mughlai cuisines like [[Biryani|Biriyani]], [[Tandoori chicken|Tandoor]] and [[Sheer khurma|Sheer kurma]] are also popular among the denizens. Due to its close proximity to Paradip and Mahanadi catchment area, Cuttack is one of the major producer and consumer of fish. [[Machher Jhol|Fish curry]] is a popular dish among Odia households.

== Art and literature ==
Cuttack has been the home to many notable personalities who have contributed a lot towards the culture and history of modern Odisha. It is rightly called the Cultural capital.{{cn|date=January 2023}}

=== Drama and theater culture ===
Cuttack had been the centre of art and literature in the past. [[Annapurna Theatre]] is considered as the pioneer of Oriya theatre company. The B-Group of the Annapurna theatre, situated in Buxi Bazar is also one of the oldest theatres of Odisha. Kala Vikash Kendra in Cuttack is another institution for dance, drama and music in Odisha. It organizes international theatre olympiads annually where artists from different countries participate along with the local artists. Sarala Sahitya Sansad, Utkal Sahitya Samaj and Marwari Yuva Manch are some other organisations contributing to the rich culture of Odisha.

=== Libraries, Art Galleries and Auditoriums ===
Cuttack has been the seat of various literary activities and many notable writers and poets lived and worked here. There are many old libraries in Cuttack including the first library of the state Kanika Library at Ravenshaw University, Biswanath Pandit Central Library, Odisha Urdu Library, Madhusudan Library, PK Padhihari Pathagara, Bakul Library, Biren Mitra Library etc. CMC Sahid Bhawan has a big art gallery for exhibitions. Town Hall, KVK, Sahid Bhawan, Satabdi Bhawan, Sarala Bhawan etc. are the prominent auditoriums in the city.

[[File:BIJU PATTANAIK FILM & TELEVISION INSTITUTE OF ODISHA CUTTACK.JPG|thumb|Biju Pattnaik Film and Television Institute of Odisha at Jobra]]

=== Odia film industry ===
The [[Cinema of Odisha|Odia Film Industry]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orissacinema.com/|title=Orissacinema.com|publisher=Orissacinema.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205004524/http://www.orissacinema.com/|archive-date=5 February 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=24 September 2013}}</ref> has its base in Cuttack. The Oriya film industry is popularly known as '''Ollywood''', the name is a portmanteau of the words Oriya and Hollywood. In 1974, the [[Government of Odisha]] declared film making and construction of cinema theatres as industry in the state,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/Position-of-Oriya-Film-Industry.asp|title=Position of Oriya Film Industry|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref> and two years later in 1976, it established the [[Orissa Film Development Corporation]] in Cuttack.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wfi2P9pz2RkC&q=Orissa+Film+Development+Corporation&pg=PA124|title=Industrial Development|last=Nanda|first=Jayanta K.|publisher=Sarup & Sons|year=2001|isbn=978-8176252539|page=146}}</ref> One of the regional offices for [[Central Board of Film Certification]] is situated in Cuttack.

=== Movie theatres ===
The city has several cinemas playing movies in Odia, Hindi and English languages. Historically, Cuttack accounted for almost half of the number of cinema halls in the state but eventually, those numbers declined. Presently, Cuttack hosts five single-screen movie theatres name Grand, Brindaban, Samrat, Nishamani and Jayashree. It also houses two multiplexes namely [[INOX Leisure Limited|Inox]] and Sangam; the former being the state's second four-screen multiplex after its Bhubaneswar branch. Odisha's First Cinema Hall marks its beginning from Cuttack. In 1926 a Mobile Cinema Hall named Chameria Cinema Company showed films. Thereafter Annapurna Theatre came into existence. In 1932 Hallmuk Cinema Hall marked its beginning at Tinkonia Bagicha. Movies like Harischandra and Odia First movie Sita Bibah screen from this cinema hall in 1934. Another cinema hall named Capital Cinema was also built in Tinkonia Bagicha in 1936. Second Odia film ''Lalita'' release from this Hall. Similarly, in 1944-45 Pravat Cinema Hall near Baropathar, in 1951 Hind Cinema was built. In 1962 United Talkies Came into existence in Saheed Bhawan. Thereafter Parvati Talkies also built in Kalyanmandap of CUTTACK Municipality. In 1969 Grand Cinema and Suraj Talkies, 1972 Jyoti Cinema which renamed as Laxmi Hall came into existence. 1979 Durga Hall, 1980 Nisamani Hall, Samrat Hall, 1982 Brundaban Hall, Sagar Sangam Hall, Devi Cinema, 1983 Rajtarangini, 1985 Jaysree Talkies Came into existence. [[INOX Leisure Limited|Inox Multiplex]] opened in 2018, as Odisha's second after Bhubaneswar Inox.

== Demographics ==
{{see also|List of cities in Odisha}}

=== Population ===
According to the 2011 census of India,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/269-cuttack.html |title=Top Cities of India, Census of 2011|work=Online Webpage of Census of India|publisher=Registrar General, Government of India|access-date=4 August 2014}}</ref> the population of Cuttack City in 2011 was 606,007: 331,246 male and 302,477 female. Its urban / metropolitan population was 658,986 of which 331,246 males and 327,740 are females. There were 48,585 children aged 0–6, 8.02% of total population of Cuttack City: 25,358 boys and 23,227 girls. The gender ratio of Cuttack City was 997 per 1000 males, for children 916 girls per 1000 boys.

=== Literacy ===
{{bar box
|title=Literacy in Cuttack
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Literacy
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|Male|lightblue|94.12}}
{{bar percent|Female|pink|84.49}}
{{bar percent|All|lightgrey|91.17}}
}}
Cuttack has an average literacy rate of 91.17% with male literacy at 97.87% and female literacy at 84.49%. The Cuttack ranks high in literacy rate among Top Cities of India.

=== Religion ===
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Cuttack
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|DarkOrange|89.65}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|8.23}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|red|1.35}}
{{bar percent|Others|#808080|0.65}}
|caption=Others include [[Jainism]], [[Sikhism]] and [[Buddhism]]
}}
Around 89.65% of the city's population are [[Hindus]] while [[Muslims]] account for 8.23% and the rest constitute 2% of the total population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/Religion_WhizMap1/housemap.htm |title=India (Religion), Census of 2001 |work=Online Webpage of Census of India |publisher=Registrar General, Government of India |access-date=24 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706213221/http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/Religion_WhizMap1/housemap.htm |archive-date=6 July 2010 }}</ref> Cuttack has the largest population of [[Christians]] in the state.

=== Languages ===
[[Odia language|Odia]] is the primary language used in the city, besides which English and {{Citation needed span|text=[[Hindi]] may be spoken and understood.|date=October 2022}} There are people who also speak [[Santali language|Santali]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Marwari language|Marwari]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Urdu]], etc. English is widely used for commercial purposes. Most of the banners are written in [[Odia language|Odia]] and English .

== Civic administration ==

=== Political and municipal administration ===
The City of Cuttack is administered by the Cuttack Municipal Corporation. [[Cuttack Municipal Corporation|CMC]] was established as a municipality on 4 June 1876 and was named as a corporation on 15 August 1994. This corporation covers an area of 192.5 km2.<ref name='CMC'/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Overview on CMC|publisher=Cuttack Municipal Corporation|url=http://www.cmccuttack.gov.in/(S(x2raur55fal2keauxvb4ue45))/overview_on_cmc.html}}</ref> The CMC is in charge of the civic and infrastructure needs of the Metropolitan City.<ref>{{Cite news |title=BJD Forms CMC Council, Anita Behera Elected as New Mayor |date=14 February 2014 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/BJD-Forms-CMC-Council-Anita-Behera-Elected-as-New-Mayor/2014/02/14/article2055613.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308083456/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/BJD-Forms-CMC-Council-Anita-Behera-Elected-as-New-Mayor/2014/02/14/article2055613.ece |archive-date=8 March 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Anita Behera elected CMC mayor |date=14 February 2014 |newspaper=The Pioneer |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/anita-behera-elected-cmc-mayor.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304032340/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/anita-behera-elected-cmc-mayor.html |archive-date=4 March 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Mayor heads the Municipal Corporation and the Municipal Commissioner is head of the executive arm. Municipal Commissioner is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer appointed by the State Government. [[Subhash Chandra Singh]] is the first directly elected Mayor of Cuttack and holds executive power in the Municipal Corporation.

Cuttack City is divided into three constituencies which are represented at the State Legislative Assembly viz. [[Barabati-Cuttack (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Barabati-Cuttack]], [[Choudwar-Cuttack (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Choudwar-Cuttack]] and [[Cuttack Sadar (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Cuttack Sadar]]. Cuttack-Sadar is represented by Chandra Sarathi Behera (BJD) whereas Barabati-Cuttack is represented by Er.Mohammad Moquim (INC) while Choudwar-Cuttack is represented by Souvic Biswal (BJD).
[[File:Odisha High Court.JPG|thumb|Odisha High Court from Ravenshaw Collegiate school]]

=== Police and judicial administration ===

[[Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Police Commissionerate]], under the control of Commissioner of Police, looks after the law enforcement in Cuttack. Cuttack has 25 Police Stations in the city. The headquarters of the [[Odisha Police|state police]] are situated in Cuttack. Cuttack is the judicial capital of Odisha as the High Court is situated here. Apart from it many other courts and tribunals have their offices in the city. Cuttack also houses circle jail at Choudwar.

=== Utilities, NGOs and charitable organisations ===
Electricity is supplied by the state-operated [[Central Electricity Supply Utility of Odisha]], or CESU. Fire services are handled by the state agency [[Odisha Fire Service]]. Drinking water is sourced from the underground wells and Mahanadi river. [[Water supply]] and [[sewerage]] are handled by the [[Public Health Engineering Organisation]]. State-owned [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited]], or BSNL, as well as private enterprises, among them [[Vodafone]], [[Bharti Airtel]], [[Jio]], and [[Idea Cellular]] are the leading telephone, cell phone and [[Internet service provider]]s in the city.

Cuttack has the largest number of NGOs, charitable organisations, orphanages, old age and destitute homes than anywhere else in the state. Famous ones include Matrubhaban, Josoda Sadan, Daya Ashram, Basundhara orphanage, Odisha Children's Orphanage, Leprosy Home, Regional Institute of Mental Health, etc.[[File:Elephants sculpted from cow horns.jpg|thumb|Traditional cow horn sculpture]]

== Economy ==
Cuttack is widely known as the commercial capital of [[Odisha]]. It is believed to have the largest GDP among all cities in [[Odisha]] due to its large business houses and a wide range of industries ranging from ferrous alloys, steel and logistics to agriculture and traditional industries like textiles and handicrafts. There are many trading houses in the city renowned nationally and internationally. The [[Paradip Port]] which is around 85 km from the city facilitates this process.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Paradip Port Limited|url=http://www.paradipport.gov.in/|access-date=23 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224035244/http://paradipport.gov.in/|archive-date=24 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Traditional Industries ===
[[File:Cuttack Tarkasi (silver filigree) pendant & ear rings.jpg|thumb|Tarakasi (Silver Filigree) Pendant and Ear rings]]The city is one of the largest hub for textiles in eastern India. The city's annual textile trade generates over a billion dollars of revenue. A large textile park is planned, giving a facelift to the erstwhile Orissa Textile Mills in city outskirts. Cuttack is famous for its silver filigree works and only because of these works it is also known as the silver city of India.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Precious Emotions Captured in Silver: The Silver Filigree Work of Cuttack|journal=Orissa Review|volume=2002|issue=November|page=5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mohanty, Rabindra K.|title=Socio-economic Conditions of Silver Filigree Artisans: A Pilot Study in the Silver City|journal=Orissa Review|volume=1993|issue=August|pages=31–41}}</ref> Cuttack is also famous for its handicraft works using cow and mostly Buffaloes horn. Cuttack has only one retail store for horn items named Utkal Gaurab Madhusudhan Horn Work. It was greatly contributed by Late Kalandi Charana Behera. Generally, the horn of dead cattle is used and it is performed by licensed craftsmen only. This peculiar artefact is limited to Cuttack only and anything of such kind is found nowhere else in the world. These fine and unique handicraft works add significantly to the local economy.

=== Industrial corridor and Special Economic Zone ===
{{unreferencedsect|date=November 2022}}
There are 11 large-scale industries in and around Cuttack mostly in [[Choudwar]] and [[Athagad|Athagarh]] and many more in the pipeline. These industries include steel, power, automobile, alloys, fireclay, etc. Indian Metals & Ferro Alloys (IMFA), the country's largest producer of [[ferrous metal|ferrous]] [[alloy]]s is in Choudwar, Cuttack. A mega-auto complex is in implementation stages on the city's outskirts. Cuttack occupies a very significant place in the logistics map of the country. The number of medium- and small-scale industries concentrated around Cuttack is by far the largest among the cities in the state. The industrial estates in and around Cuttack numbers around eight. [[Jagatpur, India|Jagatpur]] and Khapuria are industrial estates inside the city. A large chunk of these serve as ancillary industries for the big industrial houses in [[Odisha]] and other states.

=== Service sector ===
{{unreferencedsect|date=November 2022}}
Being the former capital and now the partial capital of the state and a big business hub, many central and state government and corporate offices are in Cuttack. The service sector is quite large. The people of nearby districts are heavily depended on the city for their livelihood, contributing to the service sector and, thus, the floating population. The presence of Central Rice Research Institute (CRRI), the largest rice research institute in Asia, adds to the importance of Cuttack in the agricultural map of the country. The presence of [[Odisha High Court]] and the [[SCB Medical College|SCB Medical & College]], the largest medical institution in the state, further nourishes the service sector. Education is a major industry due to large number of universities, colleges, schools and coaching centres and caters to the neighbouring districts. The proximity to [[Paradip Port]] comes as an added advantage. OSL Group, one of the leading stevedore firms of the country is headquartered in Cuttack. Cuttack, being the largest business hub of the state is the nodal point of trade and transport. It also has the largest wholesale commodities market of the state at Malgodown and Chhatra Bazaar catering the whole state.

=== Media ===
[[File:The Samaja Office Cuttack.JPG|thumb|The Samaja Office]]
Cuttack has a Doordarshan centre which telecasts Odia programs. The Cuttack station of [[All India Radio]] started post-independence in 1948 and broadcasts programs in [[AM broadcasting|AM]] as well as [[FM broadcasting|FM]] bandwidth catering the whole [[Odisha|state]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=History|publisher=All India Radio, Cuttack|url=http://aircuttack.com/history.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726230423/http://aircuttack.com/history.php|archive-date=26 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="air">{{cite web |title=Cuttack Radio station |url=http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Station/CUTTACK/ |publisher=All India Radio |access-date=23 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119095153/http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Station/CUTTACK/ |archive-date=19 January 2013 }}</ref> At present Cuttack has [[List of FM radio stations in India|six local radio stations]] broadcasting on [[frequency modulation|FM]], including two from AIR. The private FM stations include 91.9 Sarthak FM, BIG 92.7 FM, RED 93.5 FM and Radio Choklate 104 FM.<ref>{{cite web|title=List of operational private FM channels in India|url=http://www.mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/fm/operationalised_fmchannels.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|access-date=23 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120105950/http://www.mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/fm/operationalised_fmchannels.pdf|archive-date=20 November 2012}}</ref>

Among several print media houses located at Cuttack, the Oriya newspapers published here includes ''[[The Samaja]]'' (founded by Utkala Mani Gopabandhu Das), ''Prajatantra'' (founded by Harekrushna Mahatab, former Chief Minister of Odisha and former Governor of [[Maharashtra]]), ''[[Sambad]], Dharitri'' and the ''Matrubhasha'' to name a few.

== Healthcare ==
[[File:Shishu Bhaban Main Building.JPG|thumb|Sishu Bhawan Main Building]]
Cuttack is the healthcare hub of Odisha. Millions of people from different parts of Odisha and other states throng to the city with the hope of better medical facilities.{{cn|date=November 2022}} [[Shri Ramachandra Bhanj Medical College|Shri Ramachandra Bhanj Medical College (SCBMCH)]], the largest medical college of the state is located in Cuttack. The [[Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Centre]] (AHRCC), the only one of its kind in Eastern India, carries out high-end research and treatment in cancer. The [[Regional Spinal Injury Center|Regional Spinal Injury Centre]] (RSIC) is also situated in the S.C.B. Medical College Campus which provides rehabilitation measures to persons with disabilities especially spinal injury. Swami Vivekananda [[National Institute of Rehabilitation Training and Research]] (SVNIRTAR) is the most prestigious institution in the field of rehabilitation located at Olatpur, 30 km from Cuttack. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel PG Institute of Paediatrics (SVPPIG), popularly known as Sishu Bhawan is an annex hospital of SCBMCH. It is the largest hospital of its kind in eastern India. Leprosy Home and Hospital near Nuabazar is over 100 years old and is still serving the people.

Major hospitals in and around Cuttack are District Headquarters Hospital (City Hospital), Shanti Memorial Hospital, HCG Panda Cancer Hospital, Ashwini Hospital, Sun Hospital,<ref>[https://www.sunhospitals.com/ Sun Hospital]</ref> Sabarmati General Hospital, [[Dr. Agarwal's Eye Hospital]], Heritage Healthcare Hospital, Rotary Eye Hospital and Melvin Jones Lion's Eye Hospital among others.

== Education ==

=== Schools and colleges in Cuttack ===
Schools in Cuttack are either run by the [[Cuttack Municipal Corporation]] or by private trusts and individuals. The Odia medium schools in Cuttack are affiliated to the [[Board of Secondary Education, Odisha]] whilst the English medium affiliated to either [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations|ICSE]] or the [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]. Apart from English and Odia medium schools, certain Hindi, Urdu, Gujarati, Bengali and Telugu medium schools are also present in Cuttack. [[Ravenshaw Collegiate School]], the oldest school of Odisha which proudly boasts many eminent personalities in its alumni including [[Subash Chandra Bose|Netaji Subash Chandra Bose]], [[Biju Patnaik]], Harekrushna Mahatab, etc. is situated in Cuttack. Some of the other prominent Odia medium schools of the city include [[Secondary Board High School]], [[Jobra High School|Jobra High SchoolJobra High School]], Ravenshaw Girls High School, Ranihat High School, Nua Bazar High School, Odisha Police High School, Christ Collegiate School, Kamalakanta Vidayapitha, Peary Mohan Academy, Badambadi New Colony High School, [[Matrubhaban School & College, Cuttack|Matrubhaban School & College]], Buckley Girls School, CRRI High School.

The city has a number of Saraswati Shishu Mandirs and CBSE schools. The prominent public schools are [[SAI International Residential School|Sai International Residential School (SIRS)]], [[D.A.V. College Managing Committee|D.A.V. Public School, Sector-6, CDA]], L.R.D.A.V Public School, Gandarpur, D.A.V. Public School, Rajabagicha, [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Mundali|Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya]], Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1, Kendriya Vidyalaya No.2, Mahanadi Vihar, Kendriya Vidyalaya No.3, Kendriya Vidyalaya Arc Charbatia, [[Stewart School, Cuttack|Stewart School]], New Stewart School, Delhi Public School Kalinga, St. Xavier's High School, Sri Sathya Sai School, St. Joseph's Girls High School, S.C.B. Medical Public School, Cambridge School, Joharimall High School, Modern Public School, Queen Mary's School etc. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose studied at Stewart School briefly before moving to Ravenshaw Collegiate School.

Under the 10+2+3/4 plan, students complete ten years of schooling and then enroll for two years in junior college, where they select one of three streams: arts, commerce, or science. This is followed by either a general degree course in a chosen field of study, or a professional degree course, such as law, engineering, and medicine. Most of the colleges in the city are affiliated to the Council of Higher Secondary Education. Some of the prominent colleges include [[Ravenshaw]] College, Stewart Science College, Christ College, [[Choudwar]] College, Choudwar women's college, Cuttack College, Jatiya Kabi Bira Kishore (J.K.B.K.) College, Netaji City College, Raghunathjew College, Sailabala Women's College, Emarti Devi Women's College, Indira Gandhi Women's College, City Women's College, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Higher Studies & Research, Kishore Nagar College, Kandarpur College. Sailabala Women's college established in 1913 is the oldest women's college in Odisha.

=== Universities and institutes of higher education and research ===
The ''Twin Cities'' account for around 100 engineering colleges. Cuttack is home to several technical institutions which include [[Institute of Management and Information Technology, Cuttack|Institute of Management and Information Technology (IMIT)]], Bhubananda Orissa school of Engineering(BOSE), Institute of Textile Technology (ITT), [[DRIEMS|Dhaneshwar Rath Institute of Engineering & Management Studies (DRIEMS)]], [[Image Institute of Technology & Management|Image Institute of Technology & Management (IITM)]], [[Ajay Binay Institute of Technology|Ajay Binay Institute of Technology (ABIT)]], Institute of Professional Studies and Research (IPSAR), Jagannath Institute of Engineering and Technology, Barabati Institute of Management Studies etc.
Some of the other institutes include Biju Pattnaik Institute of Film and Television and the [[Madhusudan Law College]]. Madhusudan Law college has been declared to be upgraded as a university.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

Established in 1869 as Cuttack Normal School, converted to Cuttack Training School in 1875 and later in 1923 as Secondary Training School, later renamed as Radhanath Training School, after the eminent teacher and poet [[Radhanath Ray]], now known as Radhanatha Institute of Advanced Studies in Education (RNIASE) offers various teaching Courses, is located adjacent to the campus wall of Ravenshaw Collegiate School and in front of [[Swaraja Asrama|Swaraj Asrama]] in Bakharabad is the oldest institute in the State. Also in 1912, Odisha's only Urdu teacher training school was established in Sheikh Bazar Which is now only the Muslim Minority Govt Elementary Teacher Education Institution in Odisha where every year 100 pupil teachers complete their elementary teacher training.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

==== National Law University Odisha (NLUO) ====
Cuttack is the home to the [[National Law University Odisha]], one of the 14 NLU's in India, which was established under the National Law University Odisha Act of 2008, the [[National Law University Odisha|National Law University(NLU Cuttack)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nluo.ac.in/|title=National Law University, Orissa ← NLUO|publisher=Nluo.ac.in|access-date=24 September 2013}}</ref> It is one of the institutes for legal education in India funded by the Central as well as the State government. Housed in a sprawling campus the university sees a host of legal luminaries who impart education to the students.{{CN|date=June 2022}}[[File:Ravenshaw Convention Centre,Ravenshaw University,Cuttack.jpg|thumb|Ravenshaw Seven Pillars of Wisdom]]

==== Madhusudan Law University (MLU) ====
Cuttack houses Odisha's oldest law college, [[Madhusudan Law College]]. In 1869 the law course was introduced in the Ravenshaw Collegiate School, thereafter it continued in the Ravenshaw College. That time the Bachelor of Law course was under the University of Calcutta and after the foundation of [[Utkal University]] in 1943 the Madhusudan Law College was also established in the same year. This college is named after National Leader and politician [[Madhusudan Das]]. With effect from June 2020, Madhusudan Law College has been upgraded to Madhusudan Law University. As per the notification from DHE Odisha, "[a]ll the existing government and private law colleges, except the constituent law colleges of different universities of the state shall be affiliated and cease to be affiliated from their respective universities from that date and direct that the said University shall have jurisdiction, save as aforesaid, over all law colleges of the state."

==== Ravenshaw University ====
[[Ravenshaw University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ravenshawuniversity.ac.in/|title=Welcome to Ravenshaw University|date=13 September 2013|publisher=Ravenshawuniversity.ac.in|access-date=24 September 2013}}</ref> is one of the oldest institutes of India and the oldest college of the state which was founded by Thomas Edward Ravenshaw in 1868 and was granted University status on 15 November 2006. Ravenshaw University came into existence on 15 November 2006. It was an up-gradation of Ravenshaw College established in 1868, one of the oldest and largest colleges in India which subsequently became an autonomous college with CPE status by UGC and 'A' grade by NAAC. {{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

==== Sri Sri University ====
[[File:Sri Sri University Signage.jpg|thumb|Sri Sri University at Naraj]] [[Sri Sri University]] established by [[Sri Sri Ravi Shankar]] and [[Art of Living Foundation|Art of Living]] is situated at the far end of the city in Naraj.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.srisriuniversity.org/|title=Enjoy situations with college paper generating?|access-date=6 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426190058/http://www.srisriuniversity.org/|archive-date=26 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> It came into operation in the year 2012.

==== National Rice Research Institute (NRRI) ====

Asia's largest rice research institute, the [[Central Rice Research Institute]] (CRRI)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crri.nic.in/|title=Central Rice Research Institute (ICAR) (homepage)|publisher=Central Rice Research Institute|access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref> is situated in Cuttack. In 1945, the Government of India decided to establish a central Institute for rice research. As a result, the Central Rice Research Institute (CRRI) was set up on 23 April 1946 at Bidhyadharpur, Cuttack, Odisha with an experimental farmland of 60 hectares provided by Government of Orissa. The CRRI is one of the Institutes of the ICAR under the Division of Crop Sciences. The institute has two research stations- Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station (CRURRS), Hazaribagh, in Jharkhand, and the Regional Rainfed Lowland Rice Research Station (RRLRRS), Gerua, in Assam. These research stations were established to tackle the problems of rainfed uplands, and flood-prone rainfed lowlands, respectively. Two Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) also function under the CRRI and guided by the DDG (Agril. Extension). These KVKs are located at Santhapur, Cuttack and Jainagar, Koderma.

==== Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital (SCBMCH) ====
[[Shri Ramachandra Bhanj Medical College|Shri Ramachandra Bhanj Medical College (SCB)]], the largest medical college of the state is located in Cuttack. The S.C.B. Medical College also has a dental wing which offers bachelor's degree in dental sciences. [[Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Centre]] (AHRCC), the only one of its kind in Eastern India, carries out high-end research and treatment in cancer. The Regional Spinal Injury Centre (RSIC) is also situated in the S.C.B. Medical College Campus. RSIC is an autonomous organisation under the administrative and financial control of Department of Health & Family Welfare, [[Government of Odisha]] and is headed by the director of the RSIC which provides rehabilitation measures to persons with disabilities especially spinal injury.

==== Swami Vivekananda National Institute of Rehabilitation Training and Research (SVNIRTAR) ====
Svnitar is an institute in the field of rehabilitation. Swami Vivekanand National Institute of Rehabilitation Training and Research (SVNIRTAR) is an Autonomous body under Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (DIVYANGJAN), Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Govt. of India. It provides total medical rehabilitation for the Persons with Locomotor Disabilities. It also conducts three bachelor's degree courses in Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, three Postgraduate courses of Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Prosthetics and Orthotics affiliated to Utkal University, Bhubaneswar. It also has an accreditation for DNB in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of National Board of Examination (NBE), New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.svnirtar.nic.in/|title=SVNIRTAR|website=www.svnirtar.nic.in|language=en|access-date=27 May 2018}}</ref>

==== Sardar Vallabhbahai Patel Post Graduate Institute of Paediatrics (SVPPGIP) ====
SVPPGIP also known as Shishu Bhawan is the largest Paediatrics hospital in eastern India. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Post Graduate Institute of Paediatrics (Sishubhawan), Cuttack, Orissa is based on manifold historic backgrounds situated on the bank of river Kathjori amidst the lush greenery. This palatial building was the center of administration during Mugul, Maratha and British regime from 1568 A.D. till independence. After independence this building was known as "Rajbhawan" where Governor of Orissa used to stay.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.svppgip.org/index.html|title=Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Post Graduate Institute of Paediatrics|website=www.svppgip.org|access-date=27 May 2018}}</ref>

==== Biju Pattnaik Film and Television Institute of Odisha (BPFTIO) ====
The government of Odisha has established an autonomous Institute in the name and style of Biju Pattnaik Film & Television Institute of Orissa (BPFTIO) under World Bank assisted scheme to meet the emerging demand of well trained technical manpower in the field of television network and film production activities. Situated on the bank of river Mahanadi, BPFTIO occupies an independent space in the sprawling campus of Bhubanananda Orissa School of Engineering (BOSE), Cuttack the oldest Engineering School of the State. Funded by Government of Odisha, Department of Employment and Technical Education & Training, the institute offers diploma courses in 3 disciplines such as Cinematography, Sound & TV. Engineering and Film & Video Editing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bpftio.org.in/View/Home.aspx|title=:: Biju Patnaik Film & Television Institute of Orissa ::|website=www.bpftio.org.in|access-date=27 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114636/http://www.bpftio.org.in/View/Home.aspx|archive-date=26 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Transport ==
{{mapframe|frame=yes|type=point|zoom=SWITCH:4,6,10|switch=zoomed out, zoomed mid, zoomed in}}

=== Air ===
Cuttack has an Air Base named [[Charbatia Air Base]] for the exclusive use for light exercises and on and off training purposes of the [[Indian Air Force]]. The nearest commercial airport is the [[Biju Patnaik Airport|Biju Patnaik International Airport]] at [[Bhubaneswar]], about 28 km away but the establishment of an Airport in Cuttack, at [[Choudwar]] or Naraj to serve such a large population in and around the city is needed.
[[File:Badambadi bus stand.JPG|thumb|Badambadi Bus Stand]]

=== Road ===
On 28 April 2010, the [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]] officially published a new numbering system for the National highway network in the Gazette of the Government of India. As per the new numbering [[List of National Highways in India by highway number|National Highway 16]] ([[National Highway 5 (India)|former National Highway 5]]) runs from North to South of the city. As a part of the [[Golden Quadrilateral]] project, this highway runs from [[Chennai]] to [[Kolkata]]. [[List of National Highways in India by highway number|National Highway 55]] ([[National Highway 42 (India)|former National Highway 42]]) connects Cuttack with [[Sambalpur]]. Also Asian Highway 45 passes through the city. Feeder State Highways connect Cuttack to [[Jajpur]], [[Paradeep]], [[Talcher]], [[Angul]], [[Kendrapara]] and nearby towns in [[Cuttack district]]. Intra city transport is primarily through [[Auto rickshaws]]. Nowadays DTS city buses ply in the city to join different places in the city and the state capital. Cuttack is a major junction connecting all the major parts of the state. The bus terminus at Cuttack is located at Badambadi, and is one of the largest bus terminus in India, and thousands of private and government buses ply to hundreds of destinations every day. A new Inter-state bus terminus (ISBT) at Balikuda is under construction to relieve pressure off the Badambadi Bus Terminus. Cuttack is now more strongly connected to Bhubaneswar and Dhenkanal due to the addition of two new bridges namely [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Setu]] on Kathjodi and [[Utkal Gourab Madhusudan Setu]] on Mahanadi. The former is the longest road bridge in Odisha.

=== Rail ===
[[File:Cuttack Railway Station - Odisha 20180127060736.jpg|thumb|[[Cuttack Junction railway station|Cuttack Junction Railway Station]]]]
[[Cuttack railway station|Cuttack Junction]] is one of the stations on the [[Howrah-Chennai main line]] of the [[East Coast Railway]] and falls under the Khurda Road division. A branch line to [[Paradeep]] starts from Cuttack. It is connected to all parts of India through trains run by the [[Indian Railways]]. The Cuttack Railway station is selected to be developed as a multi-functional railway station with food courts shopping plaza, theatres to be developed . Other railway stations in the city are [[Barang Junction railway station]], Balikuda, Matagajpur, Kandarpur, [[Katha Jori railway station|Katha Jori]], Kendrapara Road, Kapilas Road, Manguli, Nergundi and Naraj. The Mahanadi Rail bridge is the 5th longest rail bridge in India.

=== Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) ===
The Government of Odisha has proposed a rapid transit system for the cities of [[Bhubaneswar Metro|Cuttack and Bhuabneswar]]. On 23 August 2014, Government of Odisha's Housing and Urban Development Department signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Balaji Railroad Systems Ltd (BARSYL) for preparation of a detailed project report (DPR) for mass rapid transit system (MRTS) between Cuttack and Bhubaneswar. The Balaji Railroad Systems Ltd (BARSYL) would get Rs 25 million for preparation of DPR for approximately 30 km within a period of ten months. The government officials said it would be a testing for them to evict encroachments for expansion of roads in the twin cities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://odishasuntimes.com/81462/odisha-ready-go-mrts-faster-travel-twin-cities/|title=Odisha ready to go for MRTS for faster travel between twin cities|work=OdishaSunTimes.com|date=23 August 2014|access-date=6 May 2015}}</ref>

The Government of Odisha is working on introduction of [[Monorail]] service in Cuttack. The Housing and Urban Development Department has taken up the issue for exploring Monorail system in Cuttack to make it the first city in the state to have Monorail service. A study on the viability of launching the monorail over an eight to 10 km stretch in the city is expected to be carried out soon. The Engineering Projects (India) Ltd would conduct a comprehensive survey of the city's capacity to host the system as well as the traffic and congestion problems and submit a proposal. The initially proposed route of circular Ring Road has been ruled out as it was not considered feasible on traffic considerations. While Badambadi-Madhupatana Link Road stretch is the most congested with traffic density crossing 300 per minute, thoroughfares like Choudhury Bazar College Square, Mangalabag, Buxi Bazaar, Chandni Chowk, CDA Square see peak flow of over 100 vehicles per minute are more likely to be taken into consideration.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Monorail-system-in-Cuttack-on-cards/2013/09/17/article1788592.ece|title=Monorail system in Cuttack on cards|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=6 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-01-09/news/36237712_1_monorail-transit-system-odisha-government-epi|title=Odisha plans Monorail transit system for Cuttack and Bhubaneswar|work=timesofindia-economictimes|access-date=6 May 2015}}</ref>

== Sports ==
Cuttack is the sports hub of Odisha. It is the host to the famous Barabati Stadium as well as many other stadium and grounds. Cuttack has a branch of Sports Authority of India (SAI) training centres, which was established on 26 March 1987 under Sports Hostel Scheme in the Barabati Sports Complex. The authority is responsible for training in Athletics, Basketball, Football, Volleyball, and Gymnastics.
[[File:Sachin Tendulkar Indoor Hall at cuttack.jpg|thumb|Sachin Tendulkar Indoor Hall]]

=== Barabati Sports Complex ===
Cuttack is the home to the Barabati Sports Complex. The [[Barabati Stadium]] is an important venue for international cricket and football matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/Barabati-Stadium-47570.htm |title=Barbati Stadium |publisher=India9.com |date=7 June 2005 |access-date=24 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58027.html |title=Barabati Stadium | India | Cricket Grounds | ESPN Cricinfo |publisher=Cricinfo.com |access-date=24 September 2013}}</ref> The Barabati Sports Complex hosts the head offices of most of the sports bodies of the state. Apart from cricket and football, the sports complex also has facilities for Lawn Tennis, Basketball, Volleyball, Swimming. The sports complex also houses an indoor hall christened as '''Sachin Tendulkar Indoor Hall''', dedicated to legendary cricketer [[Sachin Tendulkar]]. The construction of the indoor hall was a joint venture of the [[Odisha Cricket Association]] and the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] which was formally inaugurated on the auspicious occasion of [[Odisha Day|Utkal Divas]]. The centrally air-conditioned 185 feet long, 65 feet wide and 44 feet high four-storied complex has been built primarily to provide practise facility to cricketers during off season. The complex is also used to stage competitions in different indoor sports including basketball, volleyball, badminton, table tennis, fencing, judo, weight-lifting and wrestling.[[File:Indoor stadium cuttack.jpg|thumb|Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium]]

=== Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium ===
[[East India]]'s second and Odisha's only indoor arena, Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium is situated in Cuttack. The indoor arena is primarily used for Gymnastics and Martial Arts. It has hosted many international and national sporting events in the past. It is also used to host musical concerts and award shows. It hosted the 21st edition of the [[Commonwealth Table Tennis Championships]] from 17 to 21 July 2019. It will host the [[BWF World Tour]] tournament [[Odisha Open]] from [[2022 Odisha Open|2022]] Onwards.

=== Satyabrata Stadium ===
This is situated inside the fort area and is primarily used for athletics and soccer. It has a concrete track used for athletics and synthetic basketball courts. It is used by the locals for jogging and morning exercises too.

=== Jagatpur Water Sports Complex ===
Cuttack is also the only hub in Odisha for [[List of water sports|Water Sports]]. The Rowing & Sculling Association of Odisha is situated in Cuttack at Jagatpur. The water sports events are facilitated in the River Birupa.

The [[DRIEMS]] Stadium at Tangi has also hosted international cricket matches and is a regular venue for [[Ranji Trophy]] matches. Cuttack also has some very good sporting grounds like Nimpur Grounds, Bidanasi Grounds, Sunshine Grounds, Ravenshaw Grounds, SCB Medical Grounds, BOSE Grounds which are the venues for annual state cricket and football championships and some of which are often used as additional venues for [[Ranji Trophy]] and [[Santosh Trophy]] matches.

Cuttack along with [[Mumbai]] has hosted the [[2013 Women's Cricket World Cup]]. Apart from it, Cuttack has also hosted matches in [[1987 Cricket World Cup]] and [[1996 Cricket World Cup]]. The 18th and 24th [[National Games of India|National Games]] were held in Cuttack in 1958 and 1970 respectively.

== Historical places of interest ==
{{Wide image|Barabati durga Cuttack Barabati Fort Wide look-1.jpg|500px|Barabati Fort ruins of nine-storied palace complex}}

=== Barabati Fort and Cantonment ===
[[File:Barabati Fort Main Entrance.jpg|thumb|Barabati Fort arched gate over the moat is a symbol of Cuttack]]The [[Barabati Fort]] is a 10th-century castle built by the [[Somavamshi dynasty]] lineage ruler Maharaja Markata Keshari.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/Cuttack/Barabati-Fort/ps47642223.cms|title = Barabati Fort|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The ruins of the fort still remain with its moat, gate and the earthen mound of the nine-storied palace, which evokes the memories of past days. The ruins of the fort still remain on the right bank of the Mahanadi, in the western part of the city with its moat, gate and the earthen mound of the nine-storied palace, which evokes the memories of past days.

=== Chudangagarh Fort ===
Chudangagarh otherwise called Sarangagarh is located near the [[Barang Junction railway station]] and is 8 km. south-west of Cuttack city on a fair-weather road. Like [[Barabati fort|Barabati Fort]] this fort also played a significant role in the medieval history of Orissa. Chodagandadeva of Ganga dynasty selected this site and built the fort for effective safeguard of his vast empire. Remains of fort walls, stepped wells, dilapidated temples, tanks with stone revetments, granary house, watch towers and dressed stones are abundantly noticed within the fortified area. A ruined palace containing sixteen rooms called Solapura Uasa is located inside the fort. The granary of the fort is indicated at a place called Chaula Ghara Banks. Chudangagarh is now a protected monument of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]], New Delhi.

=== Netaji Birthplace Museum ===
Cuttack takes pride in being the birthplace of Netaji [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], the prominent Indian freedom-fighter and founder of [[Azad Hind Fauj]]. The birthplace of Netaji is situated in Oriya Bazar known as Janakinath Bhawan, behind Big Bazaar. The place has now been converted into a museum named Netaji Birth Place Museum. The museum showcases the original letters written by Netaji along with other important materials used by Netaji.

=== Madhusudan Sangrahalaya ===
Cuttack is the birthplace of Utkala Gaurav [[Madhusudan Das]]. His former residence and workplace Madhusmruti was converted to Sailabala Women's College in 1952. A small hall within the college premises has been preserved as Madhusudan Sangrahalaya, that contains works and memoirs of the great architect of [[Odisha]].
[[File:Anand Bhawan, Cuttack.jpg|thumb|Anand Bhawan Museum and Learning Centre]]

=== Anand Bhavan Museum and Learning Centre ===
Anand Bhavan, the ancestral house of [[Biju Patnaik]] at Tulsipur, was converted into a memorial museum in 2016. Chief Minister of Odisha [[Naveen Patnaik]]'s grandfather Laxmi Narayan Patnaik had built Anand Bhavan. Biju Babu was born there on 5 March 1916. Biju Babu's iconic Dakota DC-3 aircraft used to rescue Indonesian prime minister [[Sutan Sjahrir|Sultan Sjahrir]] is scheduled to be showcased near his ancestral home.

=== Odisha State Maritime Museum ===
[[File:Odisha State Maritime Muesuem.JPG|thumb|Odisha State Maritime Museum]]
The Odisha State Maritime Museum was inaugurated by the Odisha chief minister Shri Naveen Pattnaik on 1 April 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last1=dawn|first1=richard1|title=Odisha Maritime Museum|url=http://www.odishastatemaritimemuseum.org|website=www.odishastatemaritimemuseum.org|access-date=21 April 2016}}</ref> It has been set up at the erstwhile Jobra workshop on the banks of river [[Mahanadi]] near Jobra. It has 10 number of galleries and an aquarium. In 1882 the East India Irrigation Company build an anicut (Jobra Anicut) (6349 ft. long) across the river Mahanadi near jobra and the '''Jobra Khunti''' (Pillar) to serve as a lighthouse to boats and cargo vessels passing through the river and the Taladanda canal.

=== Old Jail Complex and the Freedom Fighter's Memorial ===

This location was inaugurated by [[The Honourable|Hon.]] [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] Mr. [[Naveen Patnaik]] on 23 January 2010, on the occasion of Netaji Jayanti. It is situated at the Old Jail complex. The old jail complex of Cuttack near Ganga Mandir tank and Dargha Bazar was a colonia-period jail cellular jail where many notable freedom fighters were imprisoned during the [[Swaraj]] movement.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}

=== Swaraj Ashram ===
The Swaraj Ashram at Telengabazar is synonymous with [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s relationship with Odisha, Cuttack in particular. The double-storey Ashram, located opposite the banks of the [[Kathajodi River]]. was in the thick of the Non Cooperation Movement in the 1920s. This is where Gandhi stayed during his visits to [[Odisha]]. The ashram that spreads over an area of {{convert|1100|sqft}} has been converted into a protected monument by the [[Government of Odisha]]. There are around 200 photographs in the ashram that captured Gandhi's visit to Odisha beginning with the one in 1921, the first of his seven trips to Odisha's 69 sites till 1946. Historians say that Cuttack was the seat of the Freedom Movement in Odisha and the Swaraj Ashram played a pivotal role in paving the way for Swaraj Movement

=== Maratha barracks ===
The Marhatta barracks are medieval era structures in Chauliaganj, presently used as headquarters of the 6th battalion of the Odisha State Armed police Force (OSAPF), were used as armoury both during the Marhatta and British rule. These iconic long barracks are one of the oldest surviving buildings of Odisha and are widely perceived as original remaining structures and a unique example of the synthesis of Maratha and Odishan architecture.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://odishatv.in/odisha/body-slider/preserve-the-cuttack-maratha-barracks-for-posterity-say-researchers-204163|title=Preserve the Cuttack Maratha barracks for posterity, say researchers {{!}} Odisha Television Limited|date=31 March 2017|access-date=6 February 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> Rajaram Pandit started the work in 1775 and it was completed by Sadasiva Rao in 1795.{{cn|date=November 2022}} Spread across a vast patch of forest land on the outskirts of the city, the place was infested by tigers, panthers, snakes and other wildlife. The forest was cleared except for some ancient trees, which are still standing tall. The domed structures were solidly built with local materials. Kiln baked bricks and lime mortar was used. There were big wells in the compound and underground cells. Separate stables for their horses and elephants, magazines for storing gunpowder, living quarters etc. were made. The barracks housed the artillery, cavalry and infantry forces. The Marathas had as many as 2,000 soldiers in the barracks.{{cn|date=November 2022}} There was a thick wall around with watchtowers, none of which now exist.

=== Salt House ===
Britishers had built the Salt House in 1847–48 and the Collectorate was functioned from this house till new building was built. River 'Kathajodi' was the main transit source for the commercial commodities. The length of the buildings is 190' with 66 pillars. Presently the building is used as Courts of Sub Divisional Judicial Magistrates. The building had an aristocratic look with 3 guns standing as guards. The architecture of the building has been completely disfigured with many brickworks and structures.

=== Lal Bagh Palace ===
Situated on the bank of the [[Kathajodi River|Kathjodi]], the Lal Bagh Palace at Cuttack has a long and colourful history. This building witnessed the rise and fall of several rulers who controlled the fortune of Odisha. It was constructed by the Mughal Subedar stationed at Cuttack. Subsequently, the property passed into the hands of the Marathas. Over the years the premises have undergone several alterations and modifications. [[William Burton (antiquary, died 1645)|William Bruton]] visited Cuttack in 1633, when the Lal Bagh Palace was under construction. In 1741, Saulat Jung, the Naib Nazim, fixed his residence in the palace. The building was occupied by the Naib Nazims till 1751 and by the representatives of the [[Bhonsle|Bhonslas]] of Nagpur from 1751 to 1803. Lal Bagh came into the possession of the British in 1803 when Colonel Harcourt's men defeated the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] soldiers. The Lal Bagh Palace was apparently leased out but again came into the possession of Government, who sold it in January 1862, and the purchaser sold the estate along with the building to the East India Irrigation Company. In 1863, the building came into the possession of the Government when they took over the irrigation works from the company. Since 1868 the building was occupied by Commissioners and sometimes by Collectors. In 1896, Shri R.C. Dutt, the then Commissioner, who was also a well-known historian, lived in this building. In a letter to his daughter, he describes the building as "the best-situated Commissioner's house." The building which was still under the Irrigation Branch was transferred to the Buildings and Roads Branch of the Government in 1914. In 1941, Shri K.C. Gajapati Narayan Deo, Maharaja of Parlakimedi and [[Prime Minister of Orissa|Premier of Orissa]], fixed his residence at the Lal Bagh palace for a time. On 18 July 1942, the Lal Bagh Palace became the new Government House. Sir Hawthorne Lewis was the first Governor to live in the Lal Bagh Palace. This historic building, which stood witness to countless political and social upheavals during [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]], [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] and [[British Raj|British]] rule in Odisha, became the center of administration. The Lal Bagh Palace continued to serve as the residence of the Governor till 1960. During the tenure of Shri Sukthankar in 1960, the [[Raj Bhavan, Bhubaneswar|Raj Bhavan]] was shifted from Cuttack to Bhubaneswar. Shri Sukthankar generously donated the building to the [[Indian Red Cross Society]] to utilize it as a children's hospital. The Government of Orissa [now, Odisha] took over this hospital in 1966 and made it an independent institute for post-graduate training and research. At present, the institute is known as Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Post Graduate Institute of Pediatrics, and is popularly known as Shishu Bhavan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rajbhavanodisha.gov.in/history.asp|title=Rajbhavan Odisha : History|website=www.rajbhavanodisha.gov.in|language=EN|access-date=29 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014105650/http://www.rajbhavanodisha.gov.in/history.asp|archive-date=14 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Kanika Rajbati ===
It is a palace built by Raja Bahadur Rajendra Narayan Bhanjdeo in Cuttack. Once a high-profile area and favourite homestay of Rajkanika rajas as well as British era guest house, this historic structure now lies in a dilapidated state.[[File:GORAKABAR CUTTACK.jpg|thumb|Gorakabar Anglican Cemetery]]

=== Gora Kabar Cemetery ===
The Gora Kabar was set up in an area of five acres by the banks of the Mahanadi on the outskirts of the city by the East India Company in 1822. The presence of the English officials and their families had become significant after the occupation of Cuttack in 1803. The site already had graves of a few Englishmen before it was walled in and designated as a graveyard. Initially it was a cemetery for all Christians, but later on it was used only by the Baptists.

=== Shree Gopal Krishna Goshala ===
The antiquity of this old complex is not exactly known. Old timers of Cuttack call it the [[Goshala]], but it was originally a Dharamshala for the pilgrims of the old Jagannath Sadak. Just 100 metres from the Nayabazar Chhak, on the far end of the city, it lay right by the side of the old road. This stretch of the Jagannath Sadak, from the Mahanadi till the Kathjori Ghat was once a 100 feet wide road. During the monsoons, when the Mahanadi was often in spate, pilgrims often had to camp for days to make the crossing; the Dharamshala was built well away from the flood plain, right between the two rivers. The place was originally set up as a Dharamshala by one ''Seth Jagannath Halan'' of Calcutta. It was a huge complex with rooms and halls for the pilgrims. There was a big tank and wells dug inside the complex and a large pond, which still exists. It was the largest Dharamshala of the old road and could house a thousand pilgrims. There was a separate accommodation block for the ''Sadhus'' and ''Mahants'' who traveled on the old road. Many of the pilgrims camped under the huge trees. In 1905, two benevolent Marwaris of Salkia in Howrah District, ''Seth Bishen Dayal'' and ''Seth Hari Dayal'', took over the abandoned Dharamshala and transformed it into a Goshala. There is a marble plaque which says that the ''Victoria Gorakhini Sabha'' opened the Goshala in the place in 1905. They made some alterations and repairs to the old building and made it into a charitable institution rendering service for old and infirm cattle.
[[File:Ratnagiri-(18).jpg|thumb|Lalitgiri as a part of Pushpagiri Mahavihara]]

=== Lalitgiri ===
Lalitgiri also known as '''Naltigiri''' is a major [[Buddhist]] [[Mahavihara]] complex in the Indian [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Odisha]] comprising major [[stupa]]s, 'esoteric' Buddha images, and monasteries ([[vihara]]s), one of the oldest sites in the region. Together with the [[Ratnagiri, Odisha|Ratnagiri]] and [[Udayagiri, Odisha|Udayagiri]] sites, Lalitgiri is part of [[Puspagiri University]] located on top of hills of the same names. The three complexes are known as the "Diamond Triangle". Significant finds at this complex include Buddha's relics. Tantric Buddhism was practiced at this site.

=== Olasuni Hill ===
Olasuni hill stands on the border of Cuttack and Jajpur district, adjacent to the Daitari- Paradip Express Highway. The saint Arakhita Das after travelling widely, finally chose Olasuni hill as his ''Sadhana Pitha''. There he meditated in a cave for a long period and finally attained salvation. The hill is dotted with temples, among which the temple of Goddess Olasuni, the presiding deity and the tomb of Saint Arakhit Das are famous. The sleepy Olasuni hill wakes up to the delight of the devotees, on ''Magha Ekadasi'' every year, who throng the place in large numbers to witness the nine-day Gumpha Yatra. The Yatra commemorates the death anniversary or Shradha Mahostav of the saint Arakhita Das who lived here 200 years ago.

Apart from these Odisha High Court Museum, Odisha Government Press Museum, Odisha Police Museum, Mahanadi River Boating Jetty, Jobra Lovers Point or Suicide Point, etc. are some newest attractions.

=== Parks and gardens ===

==== Ocean World water park ====

The city has the state's only water park named Ocean World. Due to the strategic location of the water park being situated on the midway of Cuttack and Bhubaneswar, it is a popular outing location for the people of both cities.

==== CMC Deer park ====

A deer park is situated beside the Mahanadi Ring Road at Madhusudan Nagar, overseeing the Mahanadi River. The park has about 200 deer. The Park is maintained by the [[Cuttack Municipal Corporation|CMC]].

==== Recreational parks ====
The city is filled with numerous social parks. Biju Pattnaik park, Birenmitra Park, Gouri Shankar park, Kathajodi river view park, Khannagar park, Jobra park Jayprakash Narayan park are some of the prominent existing parks.

==== Nandankanan Zoological Park and Botanical Gardens ====
Nandankanan is a 400-hectare (990-acre) [[zoo]] and [[botanical garden]] near Baranga between Cuttack and Bhubaneswar. Established in 1960, it was opened to the public in 1979 and became the first zoo in India to join [[World Association of Zoos and Aquariums]] (WAZA) in 2009. It also contains a botanical garden and part of it has been declared a sanctuary. Nandankanan, literally meaning ''The Garden of Heaven'', is located in the environs of the [[Chandaka Elephant Sanctuary|Chandaka forest]], and includes the 134-acre (54 ha) [[Kanjia lake]].

==== Chandaka Elephant Sanctuary ====
Chandka Elephant Sanctuary is a wildlife reserve located in the northwestern fringe of [[Bhubaneswar]] in the Indian state of [[Odisha]]. Nestled on Khurdha uplands of the [[Eastern Ghats]] biotic region, Chandaka forest is spread over 175.79 square kilometres (67.87 sq mi) of rolling table land and small sprawling hillocks of Khurdha and Cuttack Districts. It was designated as an elephant reserve in December 1982.

==== Naraj Peacock Valley ====
Situated at Talapada village a few minutes drive from Naraj bridge and hardly 15 km away from Cuttack is a forest famous for herds of peacocks. 16yrs back when super-cyclone plunked Odisha with its formidable appearance, 3 peacocks from Chandaka reserved forest popped up to this area, where a man named Panu Behera, serving as a forest range caretaker for the cashew nut forest took responsibility to feed them. Since then it has been more than one and half decade now and the flock has been raised to 48. Without any Govt support, Behera has pledged to take care all of these birds till his death thereby earning the name "Peacock man". A few local youngsters took over the charges of present-day peacock herd of 150 male and female.

==== Mahanadi River Boating ====
Jetty has been constructed on Mahanadi near Jobra to facilitate tourists for river cruise ride to Dhabaleshwar or motor boating on Mahanadi. NCC has an exclusive jetty for naval cadet training.

=== Lakes and reservoirs ===

[[File:Deojhar or Dian Dui Dhar Waterfall.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Anshupa Lake, Cuttack.jpg|thumb|Anshupa Lake]]

==== Deojhar WaterFalls, Narasinghpur, Cuttack ====
Considered as the one & only waterfall in the entire district this waterfall is around 100 km from Cuttack's main city & can be reached Via Athagada & Badamba.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}

==== Anshupa Lake ====
[[Anshupa Lake|Anshupa lake]] is a 141-hectare horseshoe-shaped [[fresh water]] lake on the left bank of the [[Mahanadi river]]. It is 40 km from the city and acts as a shelter for the migratory birds in the wintry weather season. This small lake holds a prominent position in the tourist map of Odisha for its natural environment and proximity to both Cuttack and [[Bhubaneswar]]. Some bamboo cottages are made on the top of Saranda hill for tourist refreshments. Boating facilities are available.

==== Jobra Barrage ====
Jobra [[Barrage (dam)|Barrage]] or Jobra Anikut as widely called is a major source of water for the Mahanadi delta region. Taladanda canal, a major irrigation and flood canal in coastal area starts from here. [[Indian Oil Corporation|IOCL]]'s [[Paradip Refinery]] has its water intake point from this barrage.

==== Naraj and Mundali Reservoirs ====
Situated at the bifurcation point of [[Mahanadi]] and [[Kathajodi River|Kathajodi]] rivers, it marks the westernmost tip of Cuttack city. It is a major [[Dam|irrigation dam]] on Kathajodi river that ensures the water level in Mahanadi river and thereby preventing flood situations in Cuttack. Near to the Naraj Barrage is the Mundali barrage that is the starting point of Puri Canal. Naraj is a major railway station apart from [[Cuttack Junction railway station|Cuttack railway station]]. The area surrounding Naraj has many industries.

==== Stone revetment on Mahanadi ====
Idea of Embankment and fund contribution given by Cuttack Raksaka Baimundi to Maharaja Markata Keshari to save Cuttack from Flood. The King then constructed the Historic Embankment and named as Baimundi Embankment.

== Notable people ==
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2022}}
The following notable people were born in, or have spent a major part of their life in, Cuttack.


{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|

* [[Afzal-ul Amin]]
* [[Susmita Bagchi]]
* [[Bhikari Bal]]
* [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]]
* [[Ramadevi Choudhury]]
* [[Bibhusita Das]]
* [[Madhusudan Das]]
* [[Mihir Das]]
* [[Sailabala Das]]
* [[Shiv Sunder Das]]
* [[Bijaya Jena]]
* [[Binod Kanungo]]
* [[Krushna Chandra Kar]]
* [[Giridharilal Kedia]]
* [[Annapurna Maharana]]
* [[Harekrushna Mahatab]]
* [[Sayeed Mohammed]]
* [[Mohammad Mohsin]]
* [[Sabyasachi Mishra]]
* [[Biren Mitra]]
* [[Akshaya Mohanty]]
* [[Anubhav Mohanty]]
* [[Artaballabha Mohanty]]
* [[Pradip Kumar Mohanty]]
* [[Debashish Mohanty]]
* [[Kumkum Mohanty]]
* [[Sona Mohapatra]]
* [[Baishnaba Pani]]
* [[Biswambhar Parida]]
* [[Biju Patnaik]]
* [[Hara Patnaik]]
* [[Naveen Patnaik]]
* [[Gopala Chandra Praharaj]]
* [[Radhanath Rath]]
* [[Koovarji Karsan Rathor]]
* [[Rabi Ray]]
* [[Subhash Chandra Singh]]
* [[Kabir Suman]]
* [[Nandini Satpathy]]
* [[Ratikant Satpathy]]
* [[Mayadhar Swain]]
* [[Samuel Tickell]]


}}

== See also ==

* [[Cuttack (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Cuttack Development Authority]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Prone to spam|date=September 2013}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110504091204/http://cmccuttack.gov.in/ Cuttack Municipal Corporation]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100325185314/http://as1.ori.nic.in/cdacuttack/ Cuttack Development Authority (CDA)]
* [http://cuttack.nic.in/ Official website of Cuttack district]
* {{Wikivoyage-inline}}

{{Odisha}}
{{Cuttack district}}
{{Industrial hubs in Odisha}}
{{Municipalities of Odisha}}

[[Category:Cuttack| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Cuttack district]]
[[Category:989 establishments]]
[[Category:Former capital cities in India]]
[[Category:10th-century establishments in India]]

Guwahati

2023-09-26T15:22:27Z

Radhika: fix

{{For|northern areas|North Guwahati|Assam}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Guwahati
| other_name = Gauhati
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Guwahati_citysky.jpg
| photo2a = MG 2907-1 Guwahati Club.jpg
| photo2b = Guwahati Planetarium.jpg
| photo3a = Guwahati Railway Station at Night.jpg
| photo3b = Kamakhya Guwahati.JPG
| photo1b= Guwahati Ropeway car View.jpg
| spacing = 1.5
| color_border = white
| color =
| size = 270
}}
| image_caption = From top, left-to-right: Guwahati Aerial View, Guwahati Ropeway car, Guwahati Club Area, [[Guwahati Planetarium]], [[Guwahati railway station]], [[Kamakhya Temple]]
| image_seal =
| seal_alt =
| nicknames = Gateway to Northeast India,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/sep/28/insider-guide-guwahati-gateway-india-northeast|title=An insider's guide to Guwahati: more than just a gateway to India's northeast|work=The Guardian|date=28 September 2015|access-date=5 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004215757/http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/sep/28/insider-guide-guwahati-gateway-india-northeast|archive-date=4 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> City of Temples, Light of the East<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kamrupmetro.nic.in/indexmain.asp |title=Kamrup Metro District |publisher=Kamrup(M) District Administration |access-date=5 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911190123/http://kamrupmetro.nic.in/indexmain.asp |archive-date=11 September 2015}}</ref>
| image_map = GMC-MAP-1.png
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Guwahati Municipal Corporation Map
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt = Kamrup
| pushpin_map_caption = Map of Assam
| coordinates = {{coord|26|10|20|N|91|44|45|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{Flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lower Assam]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kamrup Metropolitan district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = [[Guwahati Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title2 = Municipal Commissioner
| leader_name2 = Devashish Sharma, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title3 = Police Commissioner
| leader_name3 = Hitesh Roy, [[Assam Police|APS]]
| area_footnotes = <ref name='Guwahati City'>{{cite web|title=Guwahati City|url=https://gscl.assam.gov.in/information-services/guwahati-biodiversity}}</ref><ref name="The Telegraph">{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150101/jsp/northeast/story_6181.jsp#.VffzEfmqpBc |title=Magisterial powers for Guwahati top cop |work=The Telegraph|access-date=15 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930233628/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150101/jsp/northeast/story_6181.jsp#.VffzEfmqpBc |archive-date=30 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 216
| area_metro_km2 = 1528
| area_metro_footnotes = <ref name='GMDA'>{{cite web|title=GMDA|url=https://gmda.assam.gov.in/about-us/what-we-do-0}}</ref>
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 50-680 
| elevation_ft = 164-2231
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/191-guwahati.html |title=Guwahati City Census |publisher=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=15 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923201746/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/191-guwahati.html |archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_total = 957,352
| population_as_of = 2011<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://populationstat.com/india/gauhati |title = Population of Guwahati 2020 (Demographic, Facts, Etc) – India Population 2020}}</ref>
| population_rank = [[List of most populous cities in India|48th]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro_footnotes =
| population_metro =
| population_demonym = Guwahatian
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 781 0xx
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91 - (0) 361
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-AS]]
| registration_plate = AS-01 (Kamrup Metro) / AS-25 (Kamrup Rural and Dispur)
| blank5_name_sec1 = GDP {{nobold|(2020–21)}}
| blank5_info_sec1 = {{INRConvert|0.48|lc}}<ref name="Guwahati City Overview">{{cite web|url=https://metroverse.cid.harvard.edu/city/9915/overview|title=Guwahati City Overview|access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref>
| blank6_name_sec1 = GDP per capita {{nobold|(2020–21)}}
| blank6_info_sec1 = {{INRConvert|487572}}<ref name="Guwahati City Overview">{{cite web|url=https://metroverse.cid.harvard.edu/city/9915/overview|title=Guwahati City Overview|access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{increase}} 0.703 {{color|green|high}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.okd.in/downloads/assam_hdr_30sep2016.pdf|title=Archived copy|access-date=26 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322195446/http://okd.in/downloads/assam_hdr_30sep2016.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = 940 [[female|♀]]/ 1000 [[male|♂]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = City animal
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[South Asian river dolphin|Gangetic river Dolphin]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/home/environment/flora-fauna/Gangetic-river-dolphin-to-be-city-animal-of-Guwahati/articleshow/52623206.cms|title=Gangetic river dolphin to be city animal of Guwahati|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=14 June 2017|date=6 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924025948/http://m.timesofindia.com/home/environment/flora-fauna/Gangetic-river-dolphin-to-be-city-animal-of-Guwahati/articleshow/52623206.cms|archive-date=24 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cwa]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|2054|mm|in}}
| blank3_name_sec2 = {{nowrap|[[Official language]]}}
| blank3_info_sec2 = [[Assamese language|Assamese
]]
| blank4_name_sec2 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| blank4_info_sec2 = 91.47%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/191-guwahati.html |title=Guwahati City Census 2011 data |publisher=Census2011.co.in |access-date=2014-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923201746/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/191-guwahati.html |archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|www.gmcportal.in/gmc-web//}}
| official_name = Guwahati City
| leader_title = [[Guwahati Municipal Corporation|Mayor]]
| leader_name = Mrigen Sarania
| leader_party = [[BJP]]
| leader_title1 = Deputy Mayor
| leader_name1 = Ibemcha Singha
}}

'''Guwahati''' ({{IPA-as|ɡuaɦati}}) is the biggest city of the [[Indian state]] of [[Assam]] and also the largest [[metropolis]] in northeastern India. [[Dispur]], the capital of Assam, is in the circuit city region located within Guwahati and is the seat of the [[Government of Assam]]. A major riverine port city along with hills, and one of the fastest growing<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Choudhury|first=Rekha|date=2010-12-31|title=Floating population in Guwahati and its impact on the city's environment|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/10603/67544|journal=University|language=English}}</ref> cities in [[India]], Guwahati is situated on the south bank of the [[Brahmaputra]].<ref name="Capital of Assam">{{cite web |url=https://online.assam.gov.in/web/guest/capitalofassam |title=Capital of Assam |publisher=Assam Online Portal |access-date=31 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807175846/http://online.assam.gov.in/web/guest/capitalofassam |archive-date=7 August 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The city is known as the "gateway to North East India".<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 27, 2011|title=Guwahati a gateway to the exotic North East|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/Guwahati-a-gateway-to-the-exotic-North-East/articleshow/16183684.cms|access-date=2020-06-10|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bhushan|first=Chandra|title=Assam: Its Heritage and Culture|publisher=Kalpaz Publications|year=2005|isbn=978-8178353524|pages=182}}</ref>

The ancient cities of [[Pragjyotishpura]] and [[Durjaya]] ([[North Guwahati]]) were the capitals of the ancient state of [[Kamarupa]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://online.assam.gov.in/history | title=History | publisher=Government of Assam | access-date=14 June 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521185459/http://online.assam.gov.in/history | archive-date=21 May 2013 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
Many ancient Hindu temples like the [[Kamakhya Temple]], [[Ugratara Devalaya|Ugratara Temple]], [[Basistha Temple]], [[Doul Govinda Temple]], [[Umananda Temple]], [[Navagraha temples#Navagraha Temple in Assam|Navagraha Temple]], [[Sukreswar Temple]], [[Rudreswar Temple]], [[Manikarneswar Devalaya]], Aswaklanta Temple, [[Dirgheshwari temple|Dirgheshwari Temple]], Asvakranta Temple, [[Lankeshwar Temple]], Bhubaneswari Temple, Shree Ganesh Mandir, Shree Panchayatana Temple, Noonmati, and the like, are situated in the city, giving it the title of "The City of Temples".<ref name=" About Guwahati">{{cite web|url=http://www.guwahationline.in/city-guide/About-Guwahati|title=About Guwahati|publisher=guwahationline.in|access-date=17 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016012942/http://www.guwahationline.in/city-guide/about-guwahati|archive-date=16 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Guwahati lies between the banks of the [[Brahmaputra River]] and the foothills of the [[Shillong]] plateau, with [[Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport|LGB International Airport]] to the west and the town of [[Narengi]] to the east. The [[North Guwahati]] area, to the northern bank of the Brahmaputra, is being gradually incorporated into the city limits. The noted [[Madan Kamdev]] is situated {{Convert|30|km|mi|abbr=off}} from Guwahati. The [[Guwahati Municipal Corporation]], the city's local government, administers an area of {{convert|216|km2}},.<ref name='Guwahati City'/> At the same time, the [[Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority]] (GMDA) is the planning and development body of Greater Guwahati Metropolitan Area.<ref name='GMDA'/> Guwahati is the largest city in [[Northeast India]].<ref name="The Telegraph"/>

The Guwahati region hosts diverse wildlife including rare animals such as Asian elephants, pythons, tigers, rhinoceros, [[gaur]]s, primate species, and endangered birds.<ref>Choudhury, A.U. (2002). Big cats, elephant, rhino and gaur in Guwahati. ''The Rhino Found. NE India Newsletter'' 4:16-19.</ref><ref>Choudhury, A.U. (2003). Guwahati: the city of Adjutants and other endangered birds. ''The Rhino Found. NE India Newsletter'' 5:14-17.</ref>

== Etymology ==
Guwahati derives its name from the Assamese word "Guva" derived from the [[Sanskrit]] word Guvaka, meaning [[areca nut]] and its plant and "Hati" meaning rows, the rows of areca nut trees.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sharma|first=Mukunda Madhava|title=Inscriptions of Ancient Assam|publisher=Department of Publication, Gauhati University|year=1978|pages=137|quote=It is also significant that the capital city of Pragjyotisa has derived its modern name Gauhati (As. Guva̅ha̅ti) from rows of ta̅mbu̅la tree. Guva̅ ( = skt. guva̅ka= ta̅mbu̅la)+ha̅ti̅ ( = rows).}}</ref>

==History==

===Ancient history===
The 10th-12th century [[Kalika Purana]] mention that [[Kamrup region|Kamrup]] was inhabited by strong, cruel [[Kirata]] people.<ref>{{harvcol|Shin|2019|p=320}} According to the Kalika Puranaa, 'that country [Kamarupa], inhabited by the strong, cruel and foolish Kirata people, was kept concealed by Siva in the past for using as his own province' (Shastri 1992: chapter 38, 101)</ref> As per the legends constructed in the [[Yogini Tantra]], the tank [[Dighalipukhuri]] located in the heart of the city was dug by [[Bhagadatta|King Bhagadatta]] of [[Kamarupa|Kamrup]] on the occasion of the wedding of his daughter Bhanumati with [[Duryodhana|Duryodhan]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karmakar |first=Rahul |date=2018-07-24 |title=At Duryodhana's pond |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/at-duryodhanas-pond/article24505360.ece |access-date=2022-06-11 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Located within Guwahati is the Shakti temple of Goddess [[Kamakhya Temple|Kamakhya]] in Nilachal hill (an important seat of [[tantra|Tantric]] and [[Vajrayana]] [[Buddhism]]), the ancient and unique astrological temple Navagraha in Chitrachal Hill, and archaeological remains in [[Basistha]] and other archaeological locations of mythological importance.<ref name="Guwahati">{{cite web|url=http://www.guwahatitimes.com/guwahati/guwahati.html|title=Guwahati|publisher=guwahatitimes.com|access-date=9 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208185823/http://www.guwahatitimes.com/guwahati/guwahati.html|archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Kamakhya Temple - DEV 8829.jpg|left|thumb|A view of [[Kamakhya Temple]]]]

The [[Ambari]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=jan2316/at055|title=Civilisation existed in Guwahati between 2nd, 1st century BC|date=22 January 2016|work=The Assam Tribune|access-date=27 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127024137/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=jan2316%2Fat055|archive-date=27 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> excavations trace the period of the city of Guwahati between the 2nd century BCE and the 1st century CE, in the [[Shunga Empire|Shunga]]-[[Kushan Empire|Kushana]] period of [[History of India|Indian history]]. Descriptions by [[Xuanzang]] (Hiuen Tsang) reveal that during the reign of the Varman king [[Bhaskaravarman]] (7th century CE), the city stretched for about 30 ''li'' ({{cvt|15|km|disp=or}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://enajori.com/assam-in-the-eyes-of-hiuen-tsiang-avinibesh-sharma|title=Assam in the eyes of Hiuen Tsang|publisher=enajori.com|access-date=18 September 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812032520/http://enajori.com/assam-in-the-eyes-of-hiuen-tsiang-avinibesh-sharma/|archive-date=12 August 2015}}</ref> Archaeological evidence by excavations in Ambari, and excavated brick walls and houses discovered during construction of the present [[Cotton College, Guwahati|Cotton College]]'s auditorium suggest the city was of economic and strategic importance until the 9th–11th century CE.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://online.assam.gov.in/web/guest/history|title=History|publisher=Assam Online Portal|access-date=18 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002154140/https://online.assam.gov.in/web/guest/history|archive-date=2 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Medieval history===
{{Main article|Ahom–Mughal conflicts}}

[[Koch Hajo|Koch]] King Parikshit had his capital at Pragjyotishpur near the Aswatirtha during the conflicts with [[Mughals]]. It came under Mughal occupation between (1633–59, 1662–69, 1679–81), their vestige was completely removed after the [[Battle of Itakhuli]].

Guwahati was the headquarters of the [[Borphukan]], Ahom governor of [[Lower Assam division|Lower Assam]] till 1824.The Borphukan's residence was in the present [[Fancy Bazaar]] area and his council-hall, called ''Dopdar'', was about 300 yards (270 m) to the west of the [[Bharalu River|Bharalu]] stream.The Majindar Baruah, the personal secretary of the Borphukan, had his residence in the present-day deputy commissioner's residence.<ref name="Guwahati2">{{cite web|title=Guwahati|url=http://www.guwahatitimes.com/guwahati/guwahati.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208185823/http://www.guwahatitimes.com/guwahati/guwahati.html|archive-date=8 December 2015|access-date=9 November 2015|publisher=guwahatitimes.com}}</ref> During [[Ahom kingdom|Ahom]] period Guwahati was fortified strongly and connected with the country with a number of roads.<ref>{{cite news|author=Reporter, Staff|date=11 May 2009|title=Ambari excavation site reveals the age of Guwahati|work=The Assam Tribune|location=Guwahati|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/details.asp?id=may1109/City8|url-status=dead|access-date=12 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213217/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/details.asp?id=may1109%2FCity8|archive-date=4 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Saikh Md Sabah Al-Ahmed|title=The Tales of Ponds|work=The Assam Tribune|location=Guwahati|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/may3009/horizon.html|url-status=dead|access-date=12 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119053923/http://www.assamtribune.com/may3009/horizon.html|archive-date=19 January 2012}}</ref> The [[Dighalipukhuri]] was used as an boatyard during this period. <ref name="Guwahati22">{{cite web |title=Guwahati |url=http://www.guwahatitimes.com/guwahati/guwahati.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208185823/http://www.guwahatitimes.com/guwahati/guwahati.html |archive-date=8 December 2015 |access-date=9 November 2015 |publisher=guwahatitimes.com}}</ref> During the time of splendor, since the reign of [[Gadadhar Singha]]; the Ahom rulers paid their attention to building several temples in various religious sites at Guwahati.<ref>{{cite news |author=Reporter, Staff |date=11 May 2009 |title=Ambari excavation site reveals the age of Guwahati |work=The Assam Tribune |location=Guwahati |url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/details.asp?id=may1109/City8 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213217/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/details.asp?id=may1109%2FCity8 |archive-date=4 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Saikh Md Sabah Al-Ahmed |title=The Tales of Ponds |work=The Assam Tribune |location=Guwahati |url=http://www.assamtribune.com/may3009/horizon.html |url-status=dead |access-date=12 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119053923/http://www.assamtribune.com/may3009/horizon.html |archive-date=19 January 2012}}</ref>

===Colonial history===
{{Main article|Colonial Assam}}
On the [[British annexation of Assam|cession of Assam to the British]] in 1826 it was made the seat of the British administration of Assam, and so continued till 1874, when the headquarters were removed to [[Shillong]] in the [[Khasi hills]].<ref>{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Gauhati|volume=11|page=532}}</ref>

===Modern history===
{{Expand section|with=late colonial history and transition to independence|date=December 2022}}
The [[Gauhati High Court]] (formerly known as the High Court of Assam) was promulgated on 1 March 1948 by the then Governor General of India, [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Lord Mountbatten]], in accordance with the [[Government of India Act 1935]]. It became effective on 5 April 1948 and was initially established for the Province of Assam. [[R.F. Lodge]] was the inaugural Chief Justice of the Gauhati High Court, taking office on 5 April 1948.<ref>History – THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT [https://ghconline.gov.in/index.php/history/ (https://ghconline.gov.in/index.php/history/])</ref>

The [[Saraighat Bridge]], notable for its role in connecting [[Northeast India]] with the rest of the country, was constructed between 1959 and 1962 by the [[Hindustan Construction Company]] at a cost of approximately {{INR}} 106 million at the time. It was completed in September 1962, and the first engine crossed it on 23 September 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Kangkan Kalita|date=Nov 7, 2012 |title=50 years of Saraighat bridge {{!}} Guwahati News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/50-years-of-saraighat-bridge/articleshow/17121361.cms |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

In 1972, due to [[States and union territories of India|separation of Meghalaya from Assam]], the capital of Assam was moved to [[Dispur]], a neighbourhood in Guwahati from the erstwhile capital of Shillong.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Assam History {{!}} Assam State Portal |url=https://assam.gov.in/about-us/394 |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=assam.gov.in}}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:Peacock Island , Photo by Vikramjit Kakati 2012.jpg|left|thumb|The smallest inhabited riverine island in the world, Peacock Island, on the Brahmaputra river]]

The Brahmaputra river flows to the north of the metropolis. The city is bordered on the south by the foothills of the Shillong plateau and to the east by the Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary. The [[Bharalu River]], a tributary of the Brahmaputra, flows right through the heart of the city. To the south-west of the city lies [[Dipor Bil]], a permanent freshwater lake with no prominent inflows apart from monsoon run-off from the hills to the south of the lake. The lake drains into the Brahmaputra, {{cvt|5|km}} to the north, and acts as a natural stormwater reservoir for the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guwahationline.in/city-guide/geography-of-guwahati|title=Geography of Guwahati|publisher=Guwahati Online Portal|access-date=15 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017113955/http://www.guwahationline.in/city-guide/geography-of-guwahati|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.maharashtraweb.com/Assam/Cities/Guwahati/geographyofguwahati.asp| title=Geographical Profile of Guwahati| publisher=Maharashtra Web Portal| access-date=15 September 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070118000337/http://www.maharashtraweb.com/Assam/Cities/Guwahati/geographyofguwahati.asp| archive-date=18 January 2007| url-status=live}}</ref> There are also multiple hills within the city limits.

=== Urban morphology ===
[[File:Guwahati urban morphology.svg|thumb|Guwahati's urban morphology|alt=]]

Guwahati's 'urban form' radiates from a central core with growth corridors radiating and extending towards the south, east, and west. In the past few decades, southern Guwahati areas such as Ganeshguri, Beltola, Hatigaon, Six Mile, and Panjabari began forming a southern sub-center surrounding the capital complex at Dispur. The core area<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/jul1109/horizon.html |title=Assam Tribune online |publisher=Assamtribune.com |author=TI Trade |access-date=12 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222213058/http://www.assamtribune.com/jul1109/horizon.html |archive-date=22 February 2011 }}</ref> consists of the old city with [[Pan Bazaar]], [[Paltan Bazaar]], [[Fancy Bazaar]] and [[Uzan Bazaar]], with each area facilitating unique urban activities.<ref name="Capital of Assam" /><ref name="Guwahati's Urban Morphology">{{cite web|url=https://online.assam.gov.in/web/guest/urban|title=Guwahati's Urban Morphology|publisher=Assam Online Portal|access-date=31 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001020943/https://online.assam.gov.in/web/guest/urban|archive-date=1 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Among the city corridors, the most important is the corridor formed along the Guwahati-Shillong (GS) Road towards the south (almost {{cvt|15|km|disp=sqbr}} from the city-center). The GS Road corridor is an important commercial area with retail, wholesale and commercial offices developed along the main road; it is also a densely built residential area in the inner parts. The capital complex of Assam at [[Dispur]] is situated in this corridor. This corridor has facilitated the growth of a southern city sub-center at Ganeshguri, along with other residential areas to the south developed during the past few decades.<ref name="Capital of Assam" /><ref name="Guwahati's Urban Morphology" />

The corridor extending towards the west (around {{cvt|30|km|disp=sqbr}} from the city center) contains a rail-road linking not only Guwahati but also other parts of the northeastern region east of Guwahati to western Assam and the rest of India. The corridor links residential and historically important areas such as Nilachal Hill (Kamakhya), Pandu, and Maligaon (headquarters of Northeast Frontier Railways) before it separates into two – one towards North Guwahati via the [[Saraighat]] Bridge and the other continuing west towards LGB International Airport via [[Gauhati University]] (Jalukbari). There are also many river ports/jetties along this corridor.<ref name="Capital of Assam" /><ref name="Guwahati's Urban Morphology" />

The third major corridor extends towards the east (around {{convert|15|km|abbr=on|disp=sqbr}} from the city-center) linking Noonmati ([[Guwahati Refinery]]) and Narengi, and has facilitated residential growth along with it. Highway NH-37, which encircles the city's southern parts and links the southern corridor in Noumile to the western corridor in Jalukbari is currently supporting rapid development. Similarly, the VIP Road linking Zoo Road with the eastern corridor and recently completed Hengerabari-Narengi Road are also supporting massive residential development to the east.<ref name="Capital of Assam" /><ref name="Guwahati's Urban Morphology" />

Guwahati is one among 98 Indian cities proposed to become [[Smart city|Smart Cities]] under a project embarked on by [[Ministry of Urban Development]], Government of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=aug2815/at051|title=Guwahati among 7 NE Smart Cities|date=28 August 2015|publisher=The Assam Tribune|access-date=29 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831003453/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=aug2815%2Fat051|archive-date=31 August 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/article/economy/smart-cities-list-check-which-cities-have-been-selected-in-pm-modis-smart-city-mission/126368/|title=Smart City full list|date=28 August 2015|publisher=The Financial Express|access-date=29 August 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829023006/http://www.financialexpress.com/article/economy/smart-cities-list-check-which-cities-have-been-selected-in-pm-modis-smart-city-mission/126368/|archive-date=29 August 2015}}</ref>

===Climate===
Guwahati has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cwa''), falling just short of a [[tropical savanna climate]] (Köppen climate classification ''Aw'').<ref name="Peel">{{cite journal | last1=Peel |first1= M. C. |last2= Finlayson |first2= B. L. |last3=McMahon |first3=T. A. | year=2007 | title=Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification | journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences | volume=11 | issue=5 | pages=1633–1644 | doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |bibcode= 2007HESS...11.1633P | url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf | issn=1027-5606 | access-date=16 September 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203170339/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf | archive-date=3 February 2012 | url-status=live| doi-access=free }}</ref>

{{Weather box
| location = Guwahati ([[Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport]]) (Max, Min Temperature, Rainfall, Rainy Days, Relative Humidity) 1991–2020, extremes 1951–present
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 29.8
| Feb record high C = 35.7
| Mar record high C = 38.6
| Apr record high C = 40.6
| May record high C = 40.3
| Jun record high C = 39.0
| Jul record high C = 38.4
| Aug record high C = 39.2
| Sep record high C = 37.8
| Oct record high C = 37.0
| Nov record high C = 33.4
| Dec record high C = 30.9
| year record high C = 40.6
| Jan high C = 23.9
| Feb high C = 27.0
| Mar high C = 30.5
| Apr high C = 31.2
| May high C = 31.8
| Jun high C = 32.6
| Jul high C = 32.8
| Aug high C = 33.2
| Sep high C = 32.5
| Oct high C = 31.3
| Nov high C = 28.5
| Dec high C = 25.4
| year high C = 30.0
| Jan mean C = 17.4
| Feb mean C = 20.0
| Mar mean C = 23.5
| Apr mean C = 25.8
| May mean C = 27.4
| Jun mean C = 28.9
| Jul mean C = 29.4
| Aug mean C = 29.5
| Sep mean C = 28.7
| Oct mean C = 26.8
| Nov mean C = 22.9
| Dec mean C = 19.0
| year mean C = 24.9
| Jan low C = 10.8
| Feb low C = 13.0
| Mar low C = 16.5
| Apr low C = 20.3
| May low C = 22.9
| Jun low C = 25.2
| Jul low C = 25.9
| Aug low C = 25.8
| Sep low C = 24.9
| Oct low C = 22.3
| Nov low C = 17.2
| Dec low C = 12.6
| year low C = 19.7
| Jan record low C = 3.0
| Feb record low C = 5.3
| Mar record low C = 8.5
| Apr record low C = 10.3
| May record low C = 16.4
| Jun record low C = 20.4
| Jul record low C = 20.6
| Aug record low C = 20.8
| Sep record low C = 19.9
| Oct record low C = 13.8
| Nov record low C = 10.0
| Dec record low C = 4.9
| year record low C = 3.0
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 11.5
| Feb rain mm = 18.0
| Mar rain mm = 52.5
| Apr rain mm = 182.1
| May rain mm = 253.0
| Jun rain mm = 314.0
| Jul rain mm = 283.4
| Aug rain mm = 264.3
| Sep rain mm = 184.5
| Oct rain mm = 117.9
| Nov rain mm = 9.6
| Dec rain mm = 4.6
| year rain mm = 1695.3
| Jan rain days = 1.1
| Feb rain days = 1.9
| Mar rain days = 4.4
| Apr rain days = 10.6
| May rain days = 14.2
| Jun rain days = 14.6
| Jul rain days = 15.2
| Aug rain days = 12.3
| Sep rain days = 9.7
| Oct rain days = 4.8
| Nov rain days = 0.7
| Dec rain days = 0.5
| year rain days = 90.0
| Jan humidity = 72
| Feb humidity = 59
| Mar humidity = 51
| Apr humidity = 62
| May humidity = 71
| Jun humidity = 78
| Jul humidity = 80
| Aug humidity = 81
| Sep humidity = 82
| Oct humidity = 79
| Nov humidity = 77
| Dec humidity = 76
| year humidity = 72
| Jan sun = 225.5
| Feb sun = 213.8
| Mar sun = 220.1
| Apr sun = 200.6
| May sun = 191.1
| Jun sun = 133.1
| Jul sun = 123.7
| Aug sun = 161.6
| Sep sun = 139.0
| Oct sun = 205.8
| Nov sun = 230.9
| Dec sun = 231.7
| year sun = 2276.9
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]] (1991-2020) <ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| url = https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?stn=42410
| title = Station: Gauhati (A) (Bhorjar) Climatological Table 1991–2020
| work = Climatological Normals 1991–2020
| publisher = National Data Centre, India Meteorological Department, Pune
| date = August 2022
| pages = NIL
| access-date = 29 August 2022}}</ref>
| source 2 = [[NOAA]] (sun 1971–1990),<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/IN/42410.TXT
| title = Guwahati Climate Normals 1971–1990
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 20 April 2015}}</ref> Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1981–2010)<ref name=TCC>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200229205021/https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=42410
| archive-date = 29 February 2020
| url = https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=42410
| title = Normals Data: Guwahati - India Latitude: 26.10°N Longitude: 91.58°E Height: 54 (m)
| publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency
| access-date = 29 February 2020}}</ref>
| source =
}}

==Infrastructure==
[[File:Sarania-hills-brahmaputra.jpg|right|thumb|City view from Sarania Hill]]
The city has a comparatively high quality of life. A 2006 survey ranked Guwahati 17th among all the large and medium-sized Indian cities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookmoney.com/article.aspx?93579|title=Urban Matrix: India's Top 50 Cities Ranked on Quality of Life|publisher=Outlook Money|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924062644/http://www.outlookmoney.com/article.aspx?93579|archive-date=24 September 2015|access-date=15 September 2015}}</ref> The city provides competitive residential and working environments with beautiful landscapes, pleasant climate, modern shopping areas, modern apartments, and bungalows, and considerably developed social infrastructure. A centrally funded four-lane, ambitious East-West Corridor will pass through Guwahati and connect all the state capitals of [[Northeast India]]. Completion of the project will boost the vital upliftment of the whole region.<ref name="Capital of Assam" />

[[File:CIty Center Mall Guwahati.jpg|thumb|City Center Mall, GS Road, Guwahati]]

The city still needs attention to improve its infrastructure. Funding from the [[Asian Development Bank]] is providing assistance to improve Guwahati's transportation infrastructure along with a substantial amount from [[Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission]] (JNNURM) for its development.<ref name="Capital of Assam" />

==Administration and governance==
[[File:View of Guwahati city from atop Nilachal hill.jpg|thumb|Guwahati city]]
Dispur, the capital of Assam, lies in Guwahati. The passing of the North Eastern (Reorganization Areas) Act in 1971 by the [[Indian Parliament]] accorded [[Meghalaya]] the status of a full-fledged state. After the creation of Meghalaya as a separate state, Shillong continued to be the joint capital of both Assam and Meghalaya. However, in 1972, the Government of Assam decided to shift the capital to Dispur. Accordingly, the first sitting of the Budget Session of the Assam Legislative Assembly was held at Dispur on 16 March 1973.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://assamassembly.gov.in/history.html| title=Assam Legislative Assembly - History| publisher=assamassembly.gov.in| access-date=10 November 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919195931/http://www.assamassembly.gov.in/history.html| archive-date=19 September 2015| url-status=live}}</ref> Dispur houses the Secretariat of Assam Government, the Assam Assembly House, the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) Regional Office, the North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd (NEDFi) House and the Guwahati Tea Auction Centre (GTAC).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/assam/dispur-city-map.html |title=Dispur Map |publisher=Maps of India |access-date=16 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912054518/http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/assam/dispur-city-map.html |archive-date=12 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Guwahati Municipal Corporation]] is the local body responsible for governing, developing and managing the city. It is divided into 31 municipal wards.<ref>{{cite news|title=New Guwahati Municipal Corporation|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 April 2013 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/New-Guwahati-Municipal-Corporation-structure-gets-govt-approval/articleshow/19519161.cms|access-date=15 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831160412/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/New-Guwahati-Municipal-Corporation-structure-gets-govt-approval/articleshow/19519161.cms|archive-date=31 August 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority|Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority (GMDA)]] is an agency responsible for planning and development of the greater Guwahati Metropolitan Area and for revising the Guwahati Master Plan and Building Bylaws to cover an area of {{convert|3214|km2}} by 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=GMDA Master Plan |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/GMDA-to-revise-master-plan-for-expanding-city-area/articleshow/22566530.cms |work=The Times of India|date=14 September 2013 |access-date=15 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102040054/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/GMDA-to-revise-master-plan-for-expanding-city-area/articleshow/22566530.cms |archive-date=2 January 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Guwahati consists of four assembly constituencies: Jalukbari, Dispur, Gauhati East and Gauhati West,<ref>{{cite web|title=Map of Assembly constituencies, Assam|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/assam/|publisher=Maps of India|access-date=2 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322181937/http://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/assam/|archive-date=22 March 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> all of which are part of [[Gauhati (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf
|title=List of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies
|access-date=5 October 2008
|work=Assam
|publisher=Election Commission of India
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504181808/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf
|archive-date=4 May 2006
}}</ref>

===Police===
Guwahati is the headquarters of [[Assam Police]].

The city is under the Police Commissionerate of Guwahati headed by the Commissioner of Police, Guwahati. It is divided into three districts: East Police District, Central Police District, and West Police District, each headed by a Deputy Commissioner of Police. Each police district consists of officers, not below the rank of Assistant Commissioner of Police, functioning as executive magistrates within a said metropolitan area.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Guwahati-joins-big-cities-gets-police-commissioner/articleshow/45717894.cms| title=Guwahati gets police commissioner| work=The Times of India| date=January 2015| access-date=16 September 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606132707/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Guwahati-joins-big-cities-gets-police-commissioner/articleshow/45717894.cms| archive-date=6 June 2015| url-status=live}}</ref>

===Judiciary===
[[File:Vikramjit-Kakati-HC.jpg|thumb|The [[Gauhati High Court]]]]
Guwahati is the principal seat of the [[Gauhati High Court]]. It acts as the High Court of Assam and also of [[Nagaland]], [[Mizoram]] and [[Arunachal Pradesh]] with their outlying benches of [[Kohima]], [[Aizawl]] and [[Itanagar]], respectively. Gauhati High Court came in effect from 5 April 1948. It initially had its sittings at Shillong but was shifted to Gauhati from 14 August 1948.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://ghconline.gov.in| title=Gauhati High Court| publisher=Gauhati High Court| access-date=16 September 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913082403/http://www.ghconline.gov.in/| archive-date=13 September 2015| url-status=live}}</ref>

Guwahati also houses the Court of the District and Sessions Judge, Kamrup established in 1920. It is a lower court of the district judiciary having territorial jurisdiction over the greater Guwahati area only.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kamrup Metro District Judiciary |url=http://kamrupjudiciary.gov.in |publisher=Kamrup Metro District Judiciary |access-date=16 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208114205/http://kamrupjudiciary.gov.in/ |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Problems===
==== Increase in population ====
In recent years, Guwahati has experienced rapid population growth due to migration for education and employment opportunities. This population increase has led to undesirable expansion of the city and has resulted in various collateral problems, such as the rise in the number of slums.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Kangkan Kalita|date=Feb 13, 2018 |title=Forced migration causing an increase in Guwahati slums {{!}} Guwahati News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/forced-migration-causing-increase-in-guwahati-slums/articleshow/62897203.cms |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Problems of Guwahati">{{cite web|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=dec2610/city07|title=Problems of Guwahati|publisher=assamtribune.com|date=6 March 2015|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203041245/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=dec2610%2Fcity07|archive-date=3 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> It is projected that the population of Guwahati will reach 1.5 million by 2035, up from an estimated 1.1 million in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://populationstat.com/india/gauhati|title = Gauhati, India Population (2021) - Population Stat}}</ref>

==== Inflation ====
One of the economic problems that the citizens of Guwahati have to put up with is the hike in prices of many essentials, chiefly vegetables, poultry, and fish. The prices of these commodities keep escalating at an inordinate rate because of which the buyers find it difficult to buy these items. Vegetables are transported into Assam from [[West Bengal]], [[Bihar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Delhi]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Meghalaya]] and the truckers en route have to pay considerable amount of money as tax at various check posts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=apr2814/city05 |title=Increasing prices of potato causing concern |publisher=The Assam Tribune |date=28 April 2014 |access-date=21 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923175632/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=apr2814%2Fcity05 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/mdetails.asp?id=may0613/city06 |title=Govt yet to initiate action to check price rise |publisher=The Assam Tribune |date=6 May 2013 |access-date=21 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923200247/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/mdetails.asp?id=may0613%2Fcity06 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> It is one of the causes of rise in prices of vegetables in the markets of Guwahati. The prices of locally available vegetables and fruits undergo large [[Markup (business)|markup]] because of transportation expenses grounds, besides intra-State check posts taxes. In addition to these, the wholesale dealers, as well as the retail sellers, augment the prices of the commodities according to their own desires.

The price of poultry, mainly chicken, that reaches the city markets from places like [[Chaygaon]] and [[Barpeta district|Barpeta]] have been soaring rapidly because of similar factors. There has been steep rise in the price of fish as well, the prominent varieties of which being Rohu ("Rou"), Catla ("Bahu"), Walking catfish ("Magur") and Monopterus ("Kuchia") among many others.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=jun3013/city05 |title=Abnormal rise in prices of foodstuff hits citizens |publisher=The Assam Tribune |date=30 June 2013 |access-date=21 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923200125/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=jun3013%2Fcity05 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/city/guwahati/Rise-in-chicken-fish-prices-affects-locals/articleshow/20852487.cms|title=Rise in chicken, fish prices affects locals |work=The Times of India|date=1 July 2013 |access-date=21 August 2015}}</ref>

The COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated inflation, causing food prices to rise.<ref>{{Cite web |agency=TNN|date=Oct 24, 2021 |title=Skyrocketing prices add fuel to Cov fire {{!}} Guwahati News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/skyrocketing-prices-add-fuel-to-cov-fire/articleshow/87236853.cms |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==== Flooding ====
According to experts, urban flooding in Guwahati in the near future is expected to worsen to the point where residents of certain areas may be forced to relocate. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the alteration of drainage channels and wetlands due to rapid urbanization has exacerbated the problem of flooding.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |author=Mukut Das|date=Apr 10, 2021 |title='Guwahati floods will worsen, force people to abandon city' {{!}} Guwahati News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/guwahati-floods-will-worsen-force-people-to-abandon-city/articleshow/82003356.cms |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

Professor Abani Kumar Bhagawati of Gauhati University stated that since before there were sufficient wetlands to absorb rainwater and channels to carry excess water to the Brahmaputra, the city did not experience floods. However, human interference has disrupted the natural topography, leading to the current situation where "just half an hour of rain" can cause flooding in the city. Encroachment and concretization, which reduce open areas for natural water absorption, are the primary causes of floods according to Bhagawati.<ref name=":0" />

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|title = Historical Guwahati city population
|type =
|footnote =
|align = right
|width =
|state =
|shading =
|pop_name =
|percentages =
|source = Guwahati city historical demography<ref name="macrotrends.net">{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/21261/gauhati/population|title = Gauhati, India Metro Area Population 1950-2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/guwahati-population|title=Guwahati Population 2021 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)}}</ref>
|1951 | 45,000
|1961 | 138,000
|1971 | 203,000
|1981 | 348,000
|1991 | 591,000
|2001 | 823,000
|2011 | 968,000
|2021 | 1,135,000
}}

===Population===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Guwahati City (2011)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/over-30-seats-out-of-115-have-large-number-of-muslim-voters-in-3rd-phase/articleshow/68996797.cms|title = Over 30 seats out of 115 have large number of Muslim voters in 3rd phase|newspaper = The Economic Times}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|value1 = 72.19
|color1 = DarkOrange
|label2 = [[Islam]]
|value2 = 25
|color2 = Green
|label3 = [[Jainism]]
|value3 = 0.96
|color3 = Pink
|label4 = [[Christianity]]
|value4 = 0.93
|color4 = Blue
|label5 = [[Sikhism]]
|value5 = 0.36
|color5 = Darkkhaki
|label6 = [[Buddhism]]
|value6 = 0.16
|color6 = Yellow
|label7=Others
|value7=0.4
|color7=Grey
}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ ''Guwahati diversity by religious community (2011)''
|-
! Religion
! Population
|-
| [[Hindu]]
| 691,112
|-
| [[Muslim]]
| 239,230
|-
| [[Christians|Christian]]
| 8,913
|-
| [[Sikh]]
| 3,449
|-
| [[Buddhist]]
| 1,495
|-
| [[Jain]]
| 9,193
|-
| Others
| 3,960
|}
Guwahati is one of the fastest-growing cities in India.<ref name="Capital of Assam"/>
Guwahati has a population of 957,352 as of the 2011 census.
Population of Guwahati in 2021 is estimated to be 11 lakhs (approx).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.findeasy.in/population-of-guwahati/ |title = Population of Guwahati 2021 {{!}} Guwahati City Population| date=21 July 2020 }}</ref><ref name="macrotrends.net">{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/21261/gauhati/population|title = Gauhati, India Metro Area Population 1950-2021}}</ref> It is estimated that Guwahati metro will house 2.8 million residents by 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmda.co.in/maps/part2.pdf|title=Masterplan for Guwahati|publisher=GMDA|access-date=15 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630012955/http://gmda.co.in/maps/part2.pdf|archive-date=30 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=July 2016}}
Below Graph shows Population of Guwahati (1950-2040):<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/guwahati-population/|title = Guwahati Population 2021 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)}}</ref>-
{{Graph:Chart
|height = 400
|width = 700
|type = line
| yGrid =
| xGrid =
|showValues =
|showSymbols=1
|legend =
|colors = #2ca02c
|xAxisTitle = Year →
|yAxisTitle = Total Population →
|y = 1550000, 1520000, 1360000, 1120000, 1000000, 952000, 800660, 563800, 329400, 194700, 126300, 42000
|x = 2040, 2035, 2030, 2020, 2015, 2010, 2000, 1990, 1980, 1970, 1960, 1950
}}

===Literacy and sex ratio===
The percentage of the child population (0-14) in Guwahati was 9.40% in 2011. The average literacy rate was stated to be 91.47% with male literacy at 94.24% and female literacy at 88.50%. The sex ratio was recorded to be 933 females per 1000 males and child sex ratio to be 940 girls per 1000 boys.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/191-guwahati.html|title= Guwahati city population census 2011|publisher= census 2011|access-date= 24 October 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150923201746/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/191-guwahati.html|archive-date= 23 September 2015|url-status= live}}</ref>

=== Languages ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages spoken in Guwahati (2011)<ref name="censuslang">{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue - Guwahati |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1800.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=16 August 2020}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
|value1 = 58.34
|color1 = blue
|label2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|value2 = 20.73
|color2 = Yellow
|label3 = [[Hindi]]
|value3 = 14.42
|color3 = orange
|label4 = [[Bodo language|Bodo]]
|value4 = 1.7
|color4 = red
|label5=Other
|value5=4.72
|color5=Grey}}
According to the 2011 census, there were around 957,352 people living in Guwahati city, of which around 558,532 population spoke [[Assamese language|Assamese]], 198,544 spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 138,056 speaks [[Hindi]], 16,331 speaks [[Bodo language|Bodo]] , 4.72% speaks other minority languages like [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Manipuri language|Manipuri]], [[Nepali language|Nepali]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and others.<ref name="censuslang">{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue - Guwahati |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1800.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=16 August 2020}}</ref>

== Education ==
{{Further|List of educational institutions in Guwahati}}
[[File:Cotton College , Guwahati , Assam, India.jpg|thumb|left|[[Cotton University]]]]
[[File:Vikramjit Kakati 2011.jpg|thumb|right|[[IIT Guwahati]]]]
Guwahati is the central educational hub of Northeast India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://online.assam.gov.in/web/guest/education|title=Education|publisher=assam.gov.in|access-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729003231/http://online.assam.gov.in/web/guest/education|archive-date=29 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Among the esteemed institutions is the [[Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati]] (IIT), an autonomous institute dedicated in the field of technical studies in India. [[Cotton University]], erstwhile [[Cotton College, Guwahati|Cotton College]] is yet another century-old institution in the fields of Science and Arts.

Guwahati has numerous educational institutes and colleges such as [[Gauhati University]], [[Cotton University]], [[Srimanta Sankaradeva University of Health Sciences]], [[Assam Science and Technology University]], [[Dakshin Kamrup College]], [[Dakshin Kamrup Girls' College]], [[Gauhati Commerce College]], [[Arya Vidyapeeth College|Arya Vidyapeeth College (Autonomous)]], [[K.C. Das Commerce College]], [[Handique Girls College]], [[Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati]], [[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Guwahati]], [[NETES Institute of Technology and Science Mirza]], [[B. Borooah College]], [[Dispur College]], [[Regional Dental College, Guwahati]], [[NEF Law College|N.E.F Law College]], [[National Law University and Judicial Academy]], [[Gauhati Medical College and Hospital]], [[Government Ayurvedic College, Guwahati]], [[Assam Engineering College]], [[Assam Institute of Management]], [[Assam Don Bosco University]], [[Assam Down Town University]], [[Royal Global University]], [[Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education]] NE Regional Centre, [[Tata Institute of Social Sciences]], Guwahati Campus and [[Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University]], [[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati]] and [[Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology]].

There are various private schools too like [[Delhi Public School Society|Delhi Public School]], [[Sanskriti The Gurukul|Sanskriti the Gurukul]], [[Holy Child School Guwahati|Holy Child School]], [[St. Mary's English High School, Guwahati|St. Mary's English High School]], [[YWCA|YWCA English High School]] and [[Faculty Higher Secondary School, Amingaon|Faculty Higher Secondary School]].

==Economy==
[[Pandu, Guwahati|Pandu]], located on the banks of the Brahmaputra at the western part of the city, is an ancient urban area that acted as the chief military base for the Ahoms against external invasions. Due to extensive fortification ('Gorh') surrounding Pandu, it acts as a natural river harbor and is formally called Gar-Pandu. [[Pandu Port|Pandu port]] falls under Dhubri-Sadiya National Waterway-2 and is an important terminal and transit point for goods and cargo as well as passenger and tourist vessels. Construction of both low-level and high-level jetty of fixed terminal, capable of handling container vessels, has been completed and has further enhanced revenue generation for the city.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=National_Waterways-2| title=National Waterway-2| publisher=India-WRIS| access-date=7 November 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117021153/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=National_Waterways-2| archive-date=17 November 2015| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guwahati.com/content/pandu-river-port|title=Pandu-the river port|publisher=guwahati.com|date=7 November 2015|access-date=7 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117063340/http://www.guwahati.com/content/pandu-river-port|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:ASTC multi level parking at Paltanbazar, Guwahati.jpg|thumb|Multi Level Car Parking Facility operated by Assam State Transport Corporation (ASTC) situated at Paltanbazar, Guwahati]]
The manufacturing sector in Guwahati contributes a substantial share to the economy of the city. Petroleum manufacturing is an important economic activity in the city. The [[Guwahati Refinery]] is the most important manufacturing industry in the city. Located at Noonmati, the refinery was set up by the Indian Oil Corporation Limited as the first public sector refinery of India as well as the refinery of Indian Oil since 1962. It was built with an initial crude processing capacity of 0.75 million [[tonne]]s per year at the time of its commission which was gradually increased to 1.0 million tonnes per year. It produces various products and supplies them to the other northeast states and also beyond to Siliguri through the Guwahati-Siliguri pipeline. The various products produced by the refinery include Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Kerosene Oil, Turbine Fuel (aviation use), Motor Spirit, High-Speed Motor Diesel, Light Diesel Oil, and Raw Petroleum Coke. There is also an LPG bottling plant in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guwahationline.in/city-guide/guwahati-refinery|title=Guwahati Refinery|publisher=guwahationline.in|date=6 November 2015|access-date=6 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208141900/http://www.guwahationline.in/city-guide/guwahati-refinery|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iocl.com/maps/office/Indane/AOD/IB_NORTH-GUWAHATI.html|title=Indian Oil|website=www.iocl.com|access-date=2019-09-21|archive-date=21 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921115446/https://www.iocl.com/maps/office/Indane/AOD/IB_NORTH-GUWAHATI.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Tea manufacturing and processing is another important activity of Guwahati. Assam is one of the highest tea-producing areas in the world, contributing 80% of India's export and 55% of the country's total tea production. So high is the production of tea in Assam that it is the biggest industry in the state. The headquarters of the [[Indian Tea Association|Assam Branch Indian Tea Association (ABITA)]] is located at Guwahati. The [[Guwahati Tea Auction Centre]] (GTAC), located adjacent to the capital complex at Dispur, is the world's largest CTC tea auction center and the second largest in terms of total tea auctioned. The inaugural sale took place on 25 September 1970 and the first lot of tea was auctioned at the price of {{INR}} 42.50 which, during those days, was a significant achievement. In the month of August 2019, a kilogram of Maijan Orthodox Golden tea sold for a record-setting price of {{INR}} 70,501 at the [[Guwahati Tea Auction Centre]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assams-maijan-tea-fetches-rs-70000-for-a-kilo-breaks-record/articleshow/70479878.cms|title=Assam's Maijan tea fetches {{INR}} 70,000 for a kilo, breaks record |date=1 August 2019|first=Prabin |last=Kalita|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref>

Many centralised, private and international banks have set up their branches in the city with the [[Reserve Bank of India]] having one of its own at Pan Bazaar.<ref name="Business and Economy of Guwahati">{{cite web |url=http://www.guwahationline.in/city-guiduwahatie/business-and-economy-of-g |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902220645/http://www.guwahationline.in/city-guiduwahatie/business-and-economy-of-g |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 September 2018 |title=Business and Economy of Guwahati |publisher=GuwahatiOnline |access-date=31 August 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://online.assam.gov.in/web/guest/capitalofassam|title=Economy|publisher=Assam Online Portal|date=6 November 2015|access-date=6 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001010659/https://online.assam.gov.in/web/guest/capitalofassam|archive-date=1 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rbi.org.in/regionalbranch/guwahati/Profile.aspx|title=Reserve Bank of India, Guwahati Profile|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008231359/https://rbi.org.in/regionalbranch/guwahati/Profile.aspx|archive-date=8 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Transport==
[[File:Guwahati Airport Entrance.jpg|thumb|[[Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport]]]]

===Air===
Guwahati is served by the [[Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport]], in [[Borjhar]], about {{convert|20|km}} west from the heart of the city. With all major domestic and international airlines flying into Guwahati, it is the [[List of busiest airports in India|tenth busiest airport in India]] in total passenger traffic. Daily and weekly flights are available to Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Lucknow, Jaipur, Kochi, Bangkok, Paro, Kathmandu etc.

===Rail===
[[File:Guwahati Railway Station at Night.jpg|thumb|left|{{center|Guwahati Railway Station}}]]

The city of Guwahati and the northeastern region falls under the [[Northeast Frontier Railway]] (NFR) Zone of the Indian Railways, the headquarters of which is in Maligaon, near Nilachal Hills, in the northwest of the city. The [[Guwahati railway station]], located in [[Paltan Bazaar]] area of Guwahati, is the busiest railway station in the city. It lies along the [[Barauni-Guwahati Line]] and [[Guwahati–Lumding section]], categorised as an A-1 railway station under [[Lumding railway division]].

There are four more railway stations in the city – the [[Kamakhya Junction]] for passenger and freight services, the [[New Guwahati railway station]] (near Noonmati) for only freight services, [[Narangi railway station]] and [[Azara railway station]]. There are regular trains connecting Guwahati to and from other major cities of the country. [[Rajdhani Express]], [[Poorvottar Sampark Kranti Express]], [[Brahmaputra Mail]], [[Kamrup Express]], [[North East Express|Northeast Express]], [[Saraighat Express]] and [[Garib Rath Express|Garib Rath]] are some significant trains running to and from Guwahati. The train with the longest route in India, [[Vivek Express]], which runs from [[Dibrugarh]] in Upper Assam to [[Kanyakumari]] in the southern tip of India passes through Guwahati.<ref name="Public Transport in Guwahati">{{cite web|url=http://www.guwahationline.in/city-guide/Transport-in-Guwahati|title=Public Transport in Guwahati|publisher=guwahationline.in|date=17 October 2015|access-date=17 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017055210/http://www.guwahationline.in/city-guide/transport-in-guwahati|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Road===
[[File:ISBT Guwahati.jpg|thumb|Buses standing at Rupnath Brahma Inter-State Bus Terminal (ISBT), Guwahati]]
[[File:জালুকবাৰী.jpg|thumb|left|Roads in Jalukbari, Guwahati]]
[[File:Guwahati Ropeway car View.jpg|thumb|Guwahati Ropeway]]
[[File:Guwahati, Longest Flyover, Inaugurated, Panoramic View, Maligaon Area.jpg|thumb|Nilachal Flyover, located in the Maligaon area of Guwahati is one of the longest flyover of Assam]]

The length of surfaced roads within the city is {{cvt|218|km}}. [[National Highway 27 (India)|National Highway 27]] connects Guwahati with the states [[West Bengal]], [[Bihar]] and rest of [[India]]. This highway connects Guwahati with [[Silchar]] in [[Barak Valley]] [[Assam]] and further connecting the city to the states of [[Meghalaya]], [[Manipur]], [[Mizoram]] and [[Tripura]]. [[National Highway 17 (India)|National Highway 17]] from [[Sevoke]] in West Bengal terminates in [[Jalukbari]] and connects Guwahati with the major cities of [[Dhubri]] and [[Cooch Behar]]. [[National Highway 15 (India)|National Highway 15]] and its several secondary roads runs through both the banks of River [[Brahmaputra]] and connects the Guwahati with the cities of [[Tezpur]], [[Jorhat]], [[Dibrugarh]] in [[Upper Assam]] and the states of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and [[Nagaland]].<ref name="How To Reach Guwahati">{{cite web|url=http://www.guwahatitimes.com/guwahati/howtoreach.html|title=How To Reach Guwahati|publisher=guwahatitimes.com|date=9 November 2015|access-date=9 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208191715/http://www.guwahatitimes.com/guwahati/howtoreach.html|archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref>

Public transportation is well developed in the city. Buses are the major means of public transport in Guwahati. The state-owned Assam State Urban Transport Corporation, a subsidiary of [[Assam State Transport Corporation]] (ASTC) and private operators provide the city bus services within the city. ASTC also operates the [[Volvo]] [[air-conditioned]] bus services within the city as well as to the LGBI airport. In addition to this, there are a number of private bus operators that regularly run day and night bus services from Guwahati to neighbouring towns and cities within [[Assam]] and the other Northeastern States. [[Rupnath Brahma Inter State Bus Terminus]] (ISBT), located at Betkuchi area on NH-37, is the most significant terminal cum transit point for buses plying between Guwahati and other destinations in Assam and Northeast India. The areas of Adabari and Paltan Bazaar also act as nodal points in providing bus services to towns and cities in Assam and adjoining states.<ref name="Public Transport in Guwahati"/><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.assamtimes.org/node/13327| title=Guwahati to have AC city buses| work=Assam Times| date=17 October 2015| access-date=17 October 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208152012/http://www.assamtimes.org/node/13327| archive-date=8 December 2015| url-status=live}}</ref>

A [[Guwahati Metro|metro rail]] project has also been planned to relieve the hectic traffic conditions on the streets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/transportation/railways/guwahati-to-get-metro-rail-and-feeder-bus-rapid-transit-system/articleshow/17984521.cms?intenttarget=no |title=Guwahati to get metro rail and feeder Bus Rapid Transit System - The Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=11 January 2013 |access-date=12 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510151622/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/transportation/railways/guwahati-to-get-metro-rail-and-feeder-bus-rapid-transit-system/articleshow/17984521.cms?intenttarget=no |archive-date=10 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Johnson |first=Marc |url=http://www.rail.co/2013/01/22/assam-government-discusses-guwahati-metro-proposal/ |title=Assam Government discusses Guwahati metro proposal - Rail News from |publisher=rail.co |date=22 January 2013 |access-date=12 February 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130219214501/http://www.rail.co/2013/01/22/assam-government-discusses-guwahati-metro-proposal/ |archive-date=19 February 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Guwahati has also seen a rise in the usage of cycling as a mode of transport and as per some unofficial estimates, there was almost a 50% increase in the number of people who took up cycling in the wake of COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=Aug 20, 2020|title=Online drive in city for cycling to stay fit and break chain of virus {{!}} Guwahati News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/online-drive-in-city-for-cycling-to-stay-fit-and-break-chain-of-virus/articleshow/77652991.cms|access-date=2020-10-06|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The city has an active cycling community and is amongst the few Indian cities that has a Bicycle Mayor and a Junior Bicycle Mayor.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Das|first=Amlan Jyoti|title=Guwahati among 95 cities to register for 'India Cycles 4 Change Challenge'|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/assam/2020/08/25/guwahati-among-95-cities-to-register-for-india-cycles-4-change-challenge|access-date=2020-10-06|website=EastMojo|date=25 August 2020|language=en}}</ref>

===Water===
The Inland Water Transport Department is headquartered at Pandu port in Guwahati. The waterways transportation services in Guwahati are used for transporting bulk goods and cargo, and for movement of passenger and tourist vessels. Ferry services are available for transportation of people from different ports along the Brahmaputra to Pandu port.<ref name="Public Transport in Guwahati" />

==Sports==
[[File:Rongmon Statue at Sorusajai Stadium.jpg|right|thumb|upright|''One-Horned Rhino'' Statue at Sarusajai Sports Complex]]
[[File:Barsapara Cricket Stadium match under floodlights.jpg|thumb|left|ACA Stadium, Barsapara]]
[[File:Sarusajai2.jpg|thumb|left|[[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]|alt=]]
[[File:Nehru Stadium Guwahati.jpg|right|thumb|Nehru Stadium, Guwahati]]

Guwahati features the multi-purpose [[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]] which hosts mostly [[Association football|football]] and [[cricket]] located in the R.G. Baruah Sports Complex, one of the oldest in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://online.assam.gov.in/web/guest/sports |title=Sports |publisher=assam.gov.in |access-date=28 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729012249/http://online.assam.gov.in/web/guest/sports |archive-date=29 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It comprises the Kanaklata Indoor Stadium (for [[badminton]]), swimming pool and tennis courts. The [[North-East Frontier Railway Stadium]] of [[Maligaon]], the [[Sports Authority of India]] (SAI) complex of Paltan Bazaar and the [[Judges Field]] are other prominent sporting venues of the city.

The sporting infrastructures especially constructed for the [[2007 National Games of India|33rd National Games]] in 2007 include [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]] —the main stadium at Sarusajai Sports Complex, Dr. Zakir Hussain Aquatic Complex, and the Karmabir Nabin Chandra Bordoloi A.C. Indoor Stadium.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sports.assam.gov.in/portlets/sports-infrastructure|title=Sports Infrastructure|publisher=sports.assam.gov.in |access-date=15 May 2023}}</ref> Other new sports venues include [[Maulana Md. Tayabullah Hockey Stadium]] at [[Bhetapara]], Deshbhakta Tarun Ram Phookan Indoor Stadium at Ulubari, Rajiv Gandhi Indoor Stadium at [[Amingaon]], Chachal Tennis Complex and the Tepesia Sports Complex.<ref name="33rd National Games Guwahati 2007- India’s Biggest Extravaganza">{{cite web |url=http://www.batchmates.com/bmtimes/content.aspx?contentId=983 |title=33rd National Games Guwahati 2007- India's Biggest Extravaganza |publisher=batchmates.com |access-date=2 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923153114/http://www.batchmates.com/bmtimes/content.aspx?contentId=983 |archive-date=23 September 2016}}</ref> The renovated sports complexes include Ganesh Mandir Indoor Stadium at Khanapara, Rudra Singha Sports Complex at Dispur and Gauhati University Sports Stadium. The [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]] was also the main venue of the [[2016 South Asian Games]] and the Himalayan Region Games in 2017.

Guwahati is home to the professional [[Association football|football]] club of [[Indian Super League]] (ISL) [[NorthEast United FC]].<ref name="Indian Super League-Northeast United FC">{{cite web |url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/northeast-united-fc |title=Indian Super League-Northeast United FC |publisher=indiansuperleague.com |access-date=15 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912232452/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/northeast-united-fc |archive-date=12 September 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> They play their home matches at the Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium. It presents one of the finest football atmospheres in India. The stadium also hosted matches of the [[2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup|FIFA U-17 World Cup]] in 2017.

The international cricket venue [[Assam Cricket Association Stadium, Guwahati|Assam Cricket Association Stadium]] at Barsapara, is the home of [[Assam cricket team]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thenewsmill.com/2023/04/barsapara-stadium-gears-up-to-host-first-ever-ipl-match/?amp |title=Barsapara stadium gears up to host first-ever IPL match |publisher=thenewsmill.com |access-date=15 May 2023}}</ref> It is the largest cricket stadium in Northeast India with seating capacity of 40,000 and 2nd largest in East India. It hosted an [[Indian cricket team|India]] vs [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] T20I match in 2017 in its international debut. The first ODI in the stadium was held in 2018 between India and [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]].

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+Professional sports clubs based in the city
|-
! Club !! Sport !! League !! Stadium !! Established
|-
|[[NorthEast United FC]]
|[[Association football|Football]]
|[[Indian Super League]]
|[[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|2014
|-
|[[Northeastern Warriors]]
|[[Badminton]]
|[[Premier Badminton League]]
|Karmabir Nabin Chandra Bordoloi Indoor Stadium
|2017
|-
|[[Guwahati FC]]
|[[Association football|Football]]
|[[I-League 2nd Division]], [[Assam State Premier League]]
|[[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]], [[North-East Frontier Railway Stadium]]
|2014
|-
|[[ASEB Sports Club|ASEB SC]]
| |[[Association football|Football]]
| GSA Super Division Football League
|[[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]]
|1975
|-
|[[Gauhati Town Club]]
|[[Association football|Football]]
| GSA Super Division Football League, [[Youth League U18]]
|[[Judges Field]]
|1906
|-
|[[FC Green Valley]]
|[[Association football|Football]]
| GSA Super Division Football League, [[Assam State Premier League]]
|[[Nehru Stadium, Guwahati|Nehru Stadium]]
|2010
|-
|[[Guwahati City FC]]
|[[Association football|Football]]
|[[Indian Women's League]]
|Udayan Kristi Sangha Field
|N.A.
|-
|[[Assam Titans Futsal Club]]
|[[Futsal]]
|[[North East Futsal League]]
| Karmabir Nabin Chandra Bordoloi Indoor Stadium
|N.A.
|}

==Media & telecommunications==
[[File:Assam tribune picture by Vikramjit Kakati.jpg|thumb|The Dainik Asom building at Chandmari]]

Assamese daily newspapers published from the city are ''[[Dainik Agradoot]]'', ''[[Asomiya Pratidin]]'', {{Lang|as-latn|[[Asomiya Khabar]]}}, {{Lang|as-latn|[[Amar Asom]]}}, {{Lang|as-latn|[[Dainik Janambhumi]]}}, ''[[Janasadharan]]'', ''[[Niyomiya Barta]]'', ''[[Dainik Asam]]'', ''Dainandin Barta'' and ''[[Gana Adhikar]]''. English dailies are ''[[The Assam Tribune]]'', ''[[The Sentinel (Guwahati)|The Sentinel]]'', ''[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]'', ''[[The Times of India]]'' and ''Eastern Chronicle''. Eclectic Northeast Magazine<ref name="eclecticnortheast.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.eclecticnortheast.in|title=Eclectic NorthEast |access-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407075622/https://eclecticnortheast.in/|archive-date=7 April 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> is a leading Guwahati-based monthly Northeast magazine with an online version. G Plus is the only English weekly tabloid published from Guwahati.<ref name="A">{{cite news|last1=Gupta|first1=Devesh|title=Weekly tabloid G Plus launched in Guwahati|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/39578_Weekly-tabloid-G-Plus-launched-in-Guwahati|publisher=afaqs.com|date=3 January 2014|access-date=28 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228163213/http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/39578_Weekly-tabloid-G-Plus-launched-in-Guwahati|archive-date=28 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

The state-owned television broadcaster [[DD Assam]] provides free-to-air satellite television services. Guwahati-based 24-hour regional satellite news channels include [[News Live (Indian TV channel)|News Live]], [[DY 365]], [[Pratidin Time]], [[Prag News]], [[Assam Talks]] and [[News18 Assam-North East]].

The Guwahati Radio Station of state-owned [[All India Radio]] was inaugurated on 1 July 1948 as Shillong-Guwahati Station.<ref name="airguwahati.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://airguwahati.gov.in/history-of-air-guwahati.asp|title=Brief History of All India Radio, Guwahati|access-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810142729/http://airguwahati.gov.in/history-of-air-guwahati.asp|archive-date=10 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The Headquarter of the Shillong-Guwahati Station was shifted from Shillong to Guwahati in 1953.<ref name="airguwahati.gov.in"/> It is a full-fledged Regional broadcasting station with three channels; the Guwahati A & B Channels are AM Channels, and the CBS Channel is an FM Channel. The other FM stations include [[BIG FM 92.7|92.7 BIG FM]], Radio Gup-Shup 94.3 FM, [[Red FM 93.5]] and [[Radio Mirchi]]. Telecom services are [[BSNL]], [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]], [[Vodafone Idea]] and [[Jio]].

== Notable places of worship ==
<gallery widths="120" caption="Temples in Guwahati">
File:Basistha Temple, Guwahati.jpg|[[Basistha Temple]], re-constructed by Ahom King [[Rajeswar Singha]] in CE 1764.
File:Doul Govinda Temple.jpg|[[Doul Govinda Temple]].
File:Umananda Temple-Guwahati-Assam-DSC0001.jpg|[[Umananda Temple]], constructed by King [[Gadadhar Singha]] in CE 1694 on the [[Umananda Island|world's smallest island]].
File:Kamakhya Guwahati.JPG|[[Kamakhya Temple]], the oldest among the [[Shakti Pitha|Shakti pethas]], situated on the top of Nilachal hills.
</gallery>
*[[Kamakhya Temple]]
*[[Rudreswar Temple]]
*[[Doul Govinda Temple]]
*[[Ugratara Devalaya]]
*[[Basistha Temple]]
*[[Sukreswar Temple]]
*[[Lankeshwar Temple]]
*[[Dirgheshwari temple]]
*[[Umananda Temple]]
*[[Navagraha temples]]

==Notable people==


* [[Nabakanta Barua]], poet and academician
*[[Dipankar Bhattacharjee]], Indian badminton player and Olympian
*[[Barsha Rani Bishaya]], Assamese film actor
*[[Gaurav Bora]]. footballer
*[[Ashmita Chaliha]], Indian badminton player
*[[Utpal Das]], Assamese film actor
*[[Somdev Devvarman]], tennis player
*[[Zubeen Garg]], singer
*[[Shrinjan Rajkumar Gohain]], Indian chess player
*[[Arnab Goswami]], journalist
*[[Mamoni Raisom Goswami]], novelist and academician
* [[Bhupen Hazarika]], singer
*[[Reema Kagti]], director and screenwriter
*[[Durgabar Kayastha]], medieval littérateur
*[[Abu Nechim]], cricketer
*[[Nayyara Noor]], singer
*[[Papon (singer)|Papon]], singer and composer
*[[Riyan Parag]], cricketer
*[[Bhabendra Nath Saikia]], novelist, short story writer and film director
*[[Himanta Biswa Sarma]], current Chief Minister of Assam
*[[Jayanta Talukdar]], Indian archer and Olympian
*[[Shiva Thapa]], boxer and Olympian



==See also==
* [[Assam State Museum]]
* [[Brahmaputra Valley Film Festival]]
* [[History of Beltola]]
* [[List of colleges affiliated to Gauhati University]]
* [[List of people from Western Assam ]]
* [[Saraighat Bridge]]
* [[Varman dynasty]]
* [[Silchar]]
* [[Jorhat]]
* [[Tezpur]]
* [[Dibrugarh]]
* [[Bongaigaon]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{Citation| last = Shin| first = Jae-Eun| contribution = Region Formed and Imagined: Reconsidering temporal, spatial and social context of Kamarupa| year = 2018| title = Modern Practices in North East India: History, Culture, Representation| editor-last = Dzüvichü| editor-first = Lipokmar |editor2-last=Baruah |editor2-first=Manjeet |pages = 23–55| place = London & New York| publisher = Routledge}}
* {{cite book|first=Rai Bahadur Kanak Lal|last=Barua|title=Early History of Kāmarupa: From the Earliest Times to the End of the Sixteenth Century|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.14887|year=1933|publisher=The Author}}
* {{cite book|first1=Swarna Lata|last1=Baruah|title=Last Days of Ahom Monarchy: A History of Assam from 1769 to 1826|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cFFuAAAAMAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Limited|isbn=978-81-215-0462-1}}
* {{cite book|first1=Sir Edward Albert|last1=Gait|title=A History of Assam|url=https://archive.org/details/ahistoryassam02gaitgoog|author-link1=Edward Albert Gait|year=1906|publisher=Thacker, Spink & Company}}
* {{Cite book|first=Jae-Eun|last=Shin|title=Redefining Divine Presence: A Study of Hidden Lingas in the Mid-Brahmaputra Valley|url=https://www.academia.edu/39112095|year=2019|publisher=Primus Books|pages=313–334}}

==External links==
* [http://assam.gov.in/ The Government of Assam]
* [http://kamrup.nic.in/ The District of Kamrup]

{{Assam}}
{{North East India}}

[[Category:Guwahati| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Kamrup Metropolitan district]]
[[Category:Former capital cities in India]]
[[Category:River ports]]
[[Category:Smart cities in India]]

Alai Minar

2023-09-16T15:24:51Z

Radhika: Article published.

{{Infobox historic site
| native_name = अलाई मीनार
| name = Alai Minar
| native_language = hi
| image = Qutb Complex Alai Minar.JPG
| caption = The image of the unfinished monument
| native_name2 = الائی مینار
| native_language2 = ur
| built = 1316
| built_for = Remembering as the Victory sign of Khalji
| architect = [[Alauddin Khalji]]
| owner = [[Government of India]] under the Delhi Tourism
| beginning_date = 1308
| architecture = Indo-Persian
}}'''Alai Minar''' is an unfinished monument<ref>{{Cite web |title=History's most famous unfinished buildings {{!}} Times of India Travel |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/historys-most-famous-unfinished-buildings/amp_photostory/87627520.cms |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> in the [[Qutb Minar complex|Qutub Minar complex]] in [[Mehrauli]] area of Indian National Capital [[Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=दिल्ली: अलाई मीनार पर अब नहीं चढ़ सकेंगे पर्यटक, जानें क्यों |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/story-now-tourist-can-not-climb-on-alai-minar-2403053.html |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/233/ |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> It was being built by the Ruler [[Alauddin Khilji]] in the 12th century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=At far end of Qutub complex, 13th Century gateway offers a lesson on architecture |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/at-far-end-of-qutub-complex-13th-century-gateway-offers-a-lesson-on-architecture-8912337/ |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Padmavati Trailer: A Look at Alauddin Khilji's Architectural Contributions that still Remain |url=https://www.india.com/travel/articles/padmavati-trailer-a-look-at-alauddin-khiljis-architectural-contributions-that-still-remain-3228117/ |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=India.com |language=en}}</ref> The [[Khalji dynasty|Khilji dynasty]] ruler Alauddin Khilji ordered to built a more good looking Minar than [[Qutb Minar|Qutub Minar]] should be built in the same complex as the Tower of Victory.<ref>{{Cite web |title=have you ever been to the alai minar darwaza qutub complex in mehrauli? its a marvel! |url=https://so.city/amp/delhi/alai-minar-darwaza-qutub-complex-mehrauli-new-delhi.html |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=So City}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Haunting legacy |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/heritage/haunting-legacy/article9449634.ece |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=frontline.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
The Khilji dynasty ruler Alauddin Khilji ordered to built a more good building ([[Minaret|Minar]]) near the Qutub Minar on his name, ''Alai Minar'' means the [[Minaret]] of Alauddin. However the Ruler died when only the basement of the Monument was completed. Hence it was not even seen by other ruler to complete it. It is standing like that still.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alai Minar- The story behind the incomplete monument |url=https://firstindia.co.in/news/lifeStyle/alai-minar-the-story-behind-the-incomplete-monument |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=firstindia.co.in |language=en}}</ref>

Alauddin Khilji had also built the [[Alai Darwaza]] at the entrance of Qutub Minar complex.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alai Darwaza, gateway to Qutub, set for facelift |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/alai-darwaza-gateway-to-qutub-set-for-facelift-101676918468065.html |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Light at Qutub Minar's gateway, Alai Darwaza - The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2019/aug/04/light-at-qutub-minars-gateway-alai-darwaza-2013746.amp |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=www.newindianexpress.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Alauddin Khalji]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in India]]
[[Category:Mehrauli]]

Line 4 (Coimbatore Metro)

2023-07-20T14:43:17Z

Radhika: Just completed a fresh chapter.

{{Short description|Transit line in Coimbatore, India}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Infobox rail line
| name = Green Line
| color = aced19
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Rapid transit]]
| system = [[Coimbatore Metro]]
| status = Proposed
| locale =
| start = [[Coimbatore Junction railway station|Coimbatore Junction]]
| end = Valiyampalayam Pirivu
| stations = 14
| daily_ridership =
| open =
| close =
| owner =
| operator =
| character = 14 km Elevated
| stock =
| linelength_km =
| tracklength =
| tracks = 2
| gauge =
| electrification =
| speed_km/h = 80
| elevation =
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The '''GreenLine''' or '''Line 4''' is one of the two proposed lines of [[Coimbatore Metro]], Phase 1 Project, the second being the [[Line 1 (Coimbatore Metro)|Red line]] (Line 1). The line stretches from [[Coimbatore Junction railway station|Coimbatore Junction]] to Valiyampalayam Pirivu. The line consists of 14 [[Metro station|station]]s,<ref>{{cite news|title= DPR for Coimbatore metro rail project to be submitted to Tamil Nadu government by July 15|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/dpr-for-coimbatore-metro-rail-project-to-be-submitted-to-tamil-nadu-government-by-july-15/article67030788.ece|access-date=1 July 2023|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= CMRL Submits Detailed Project Reports for Madurai and Coimbatore Metro Projects|url=https://www.metrorailnews.in/cmrl-submits-detailed-project-reports-for-madurai-and-coimbatore-metro-projects/|access-date=15 July 2023|newspaper=The Metro Rail News}}</ref>.

==Stations==
The stations proposed in the first phase of [[Coimbatore Metro]] in the Line-4 are:<ref>{{cite news|title= 39km Metro Line project in Phase 1|url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Breaking/Read/994605228/-km-Long-Distance-Coimbatore-Metro-Rail-Service-A-to-Z-Overview|access-date=7 July 2023|newspaper=India Herald}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" width="95%"
|-
!align="center" colspan="9" style="background:#b6e943;" | '''Green Line'''
|-
! rowspan="2"|S.No
! colspan="2"|Station Name
! rowspan="2"|Interchange connection
! rowspan="2"|Places Connected
! rowspan="2"|Layout
! rowspan="2"|Opened
! rowspan="2" |Depot Connection
! rowspan="2" |Depot Layout
|-
! [[English language|English]]||[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|-
|1||align="center"|Coimbatore Junction||கோயம்புத்தூர் சந்திப்பு||{{color box|Red||rail color}} [[Line 1 (Coimbatore Metro)|Red Line]], {{rint|rail}} [[Coimbatore Junction railway station]]||[[Coimbatore Medical College|Coimbatore Government Hospital]]||Elevated||Proposed Phase 1||None||None
|-
|2||align="center"|Ramnagar||ராம்நகர்||None||None||Elevated||Proposed Phase 1||None||None
|-
|3||align="center"|Gandhipuram Central Bus Terminus||காந்திபுரம் மத்திய பேருந்து நிலையம்||{{rint|bus}} [[Gandhipuram Central Bus Terminus]], {{rint|bus}} [[Gandhipuram Town Bus stand]]||None||Elevated||Proposed Phase 1||None||None
|-
|4||align="center"|Coimbatore Omni Bus Stand||கோயம்புத்தூர் ஆம்னி பேருந்து நிலையம்||{{rint|bus}} [[Coimbatore Omni Bus Terminus]]||None||Elevated||Proposed Phase 1||None||None
|-
|5||align="center"|Moor Market||மூர் மார்க்கெட்||None||None||Elevated||Proposed Phase 1||None||None
|-
|6||align="center"|Ganapathy Pudur||கணபதி புதூர்||None||None||Elevated||Proposed Phase 1||None||None
|-
|7||align="center"|Athipalayam||அத்திபாளையம்||None||None||Elevated||Proposed Phase 1||None||None
|-
|8||align="center"|Ramakrishna Mills||ராமகிருஷ்ணா மில்ஸ்||None||[[Prozone Mall (Coimbatore)|Prozone Mall]]||Elevated||Proposed Phase 1||None||None
|-
|9||align="center"|Vinayagapuram||விநாயகபுரம்||None||None||Elevated||Proposed Phase 1||None||None
|-
|10||align="center"|Chithra Nagar||சித்ரா நகர்||None||None||Elevated||Proposed Phase 1||None||None
|-
|11||align="center"|Saravanampatti||சரவணம்பட்டி||None||None||Elevated||Proposed Phase 1||None||None
|-
|12||align="center"|Viswasapuram||விஸ்வாசபுரம்||None||None||Elevated||Proposed Phase 1||None||None
|-
|13||align="center"|VGP Nagar||விஜிபி நகர்||None||None||Elevated||Proposed Phase 1||None||None
|-
|14||align="center"|Valiyampalayam Pirivu||வலியம்பாளையம் பிரிவு||None||None||Elevated||Proposed Phase 1||None||None
|}

==See also==
* [[Line 1 (Coimbatore Metro)]]
* [[Coimbatore Metro]]
* [[Transport in Coimbatore]]
* [[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]
* [[List of metro systems]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Rapid transit in India}}
{{Railways in Southern India}}

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Transport in Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Standard gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Proposed rapid transit in India]]
[[Category:Proposed infrastructure in Tamil Nadu]]

Parimoo

2023-07-14T20:59:59Z

Radhika:

{{Short description|Kashmiri surname}}
{{Use Indian English}}

'''Parimoo''' or '''Parimu''' is a [[Kashmiris|Kashmiri]] clan and surname native to the [[Kashmir Valley]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Khalid Bashir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=txtBDwAAQBAJ&dq=jalali+kashmiri+surname&pg=PT262 |url-status=live |access-date=July 9, 2023 |title=Kashmir: Exposing the Myth Behind the Narrative |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]] |quote=One would come across among Muslims of Kashmir any number of surnames that are equally common among the Pandits. Among these are Bhat, Raina, Nath, Langoo, Malla, Bazaz, Saraf, Munshi, Watal, Wali, Khar, Shangloo, Nehru, Gagar, Kharoo, Aga, Jalali, Peer, Pandit, '''Parimoo''' and Mattoo. |isbn=9789386062819 |language=en-IN }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=[[Bansi Pandit|Pandit, Bansi]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zsoC6GWr47QC&dq=bhat+butt+name+kashmir&pg=PA99 |url-status=live |access-date=July 9, 2023 |title=Explore Kashmiri Pandits |page=101 |publisher=Dharma Publications |isbn=9780963479860 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Anwar |last2=Bhat |first1=Tarique |first2=Rajesh |url=https://twocircles.net/2008feb23/kashmiryat_kashmiri_surnames.html |url-status=live |access-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226225421/https://twocircles.net/2008feb23/kashmiryat_kashmiri_surnames.html |archive-date=February 26, 2008 |title=Kashmiryat in Kashmiri surnames |quote=Similarly, Mirza, Dhar or Dar, Bhat, Kaul, Akhoon, Chakoo, Durrani, Kachroo, Draboo, Kaloo, Kanna, Kaw, Khar, Khuda, Kitchloo, Munshi, Machama, Mirza, Padar, '''Parimoo''' and Raina are a few typical surnames that are used by both Hindus, and Muslims of Kashmir! |publisher=[[Two Circles]] |language=en-IN }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kaul |first=Upendra |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/todays-paper/my-name-is-khan-and-im-kaul |url-status=live |access-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.is/2Qp7X |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |title=My name is Khan, and I'm Kaul |quote=Similarly, Mirza, Dhar or Dar, Bhat, Akhoon, Chakoo, Durrani, Kachroo, Draboo, Kaloo, Kanna, Kaw, Khar, Khuda, Kitchloo, Munshi, Machama, Mirza, Padar, '''Parimoo''' and Raina are a few typical surnames that are used by both Hindus, and Muslims of Kashmir |publisher=[[Greater Kashmir]] |language=en-IN }}</ref> It is used by both [[Kashmiri Muslims]] and [[Kashmiri Hindus]].

==Notable people==

* [[Lalit Parimoo]] (born 1964), Indian actor
* [[Ratan Parimoo]] (born 1936), Indian [[Art history|art historian]] and painter

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{surname}}
{{Kashmirifamalies}}

[[Category:Indian surnames]]
[[Category:Hindu surnames]]
[[Category:Kashmiri tribes]]
[[Category:Kashmiri-language surnames]]
{{India-ethno-stub}}

Kakuda (Indian movie)

2023-07-06T16:03:02Z

Radhika: Added page structure.

{{Infobox film
| name = Kakuda
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Aditya Sarpotdar]]
| producer =
| writer = Avinash Dwivedi, Chirag Garg
| based_on =
| starring = [[Riteish Deshmukh]] [[Sonakshi Sinha]] [[Saqib Saleem]]
| narrator = 
| music =
| cinematography = Lawrence Alex Dchuna
| editing = Faisal Mahadik
| studio = [[RSVP Movies]]
| distributor =
| released = [[TBA]]
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Kakuda''''' is an upcoming horror-comedy Hindi-language movie directed by [[Aditya Sarpotdar]] and produced by [[Ronnie Screwvala]] under banner of [[RSVP Movies]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Taank |first=Shagun |title=Kakuda: Sonakshi Sinha, Riteish Deshmukh And Saqib Saleem Are "Triple Trouble" In New Film |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kakuda-sonakshi-sinha-riteish-deshmukh-and-saqib-saleem-are-triple-trouble-in-new-film-2490572 |access-date=4 January 2023 |work=[[NDTV]] }}</ref> The flim starrs [[Sonakshi Sinha]], [[Riteish Deshmukh]] and [[Saqib Saleem]] in prime roles.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sonakshi Sinha wraps up horror-comedy film 'Kakuda'; pens a note of gratitude for her team - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sonakshi-sinha-wraps-horror-comedy-film-kakuda-pens-a-note-of-gratitude-for-her-team/articleshow/86289408.cms |access-date=4 January 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Kakuda' to star Sonakshi Sinha and Riteish Deshmukh |url=https://telanganatoday.com/kakuda-to-star-sonakshi-sinha-and-riteish-deshmukh |access-date=18 April 2023 |work=[[Telangana Today]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sonakshi Sinha, Riteish Deshmukh to star in Bollywood horror comedy ‘Kakuda’ |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/sonakshi-sinha-riteish-deshmukh-to-star-in-bollywood-horror-comedy-kakuda-1.80775974 |access-date=6 July 2023 |work=[[Gulf News]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Sonakshi Sinha]]
* [[Riteish Deshmukh]]
* [[Saqib Saleem]]
* Sachin Vidrohi
* Arun Dubey
* Suraj Raj Madhwani

== Production ==
=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] of the movie started on July 20, 2021.<ref>{{cite news |last=Srivastava |first=Samriddhi |title=Sonakshi Sinha and Riteish Deshmukh's horror-comedy Kakuda shoot begins today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/sonakshi-sinha-and-riteish-deshmukh-s-horror-comedy-kakuda-shoot-begins-today-1830323-2021-07-20 |access-date=5 January 2023 |work=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Bhasin |first=Shriya |title='Kakuda' starring Riteish Deshmukh, Sonakshi Sinha goes on floors |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/kakuda-starring-riteish-deshmukh-sonakshi-sinha-goes-on-floors-720746 |access-date=6 July 2023 |work=[[India TV]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sonakshi Sinha, Saqib Saleem and Riteish Deshmukh come together for Kakuda |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/sonakshi-sinha-saqib-saleem-and-riteish-deshmukh-come-together-for-kakuda-49642.html |access-date=6 July 2023 |work=[[Filmfare]] |language=en}}</ref> The movie was shot in places across Guajarat.<ref>{{cite news |last=Panchal |first=Komal RJ |title=Riteish Deshmukh, Sonakshi Sinha and Saqib Saleem start shooting for horror-comedy Kakuda |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/riteish-deshmukh-sonakshi-sinha-and-saqib-saleem-start-shoot-horror-comedy-kakuda-7413311/ |url-access=limited |access-date=5 January 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The unit wrapped up on 17 September 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sonakshi Sinha pens a note of gratitude for her team as they wrap up horror-comedy film Kakuda : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/sonakshi-sinha-pens-note-gratitude-team-wrap-horror-comedy-film-kakuda/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=6 July 2023 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=⚡Kakuda: It’s a Wrap for Sonakshi Sinha’s Upcoming Horror-Comedy Movie in Bhuj |url=https://www.latestly.com/quickly/entertainment/bollywood/kakuda-it-s-a-wrap-for-sonakshi-sinha-s-upcoming-horror-comedy-movie-in-bhuj-2803196.html |access-date=6 July 2023 |work=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref>

== Reference ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Upcoming Indian films]]
[[Category:Upcoming Hindi-language films]]

DNA (newspaper)

2023-03-28T23:15:39Z

Radhika: Created an inspiring write-up.

#REDIRECT [[Zee Media Corporation#Daily News and Analysis]]

Amar Singh (cricketer)

2022-12-26T00:27:29Z

Radhika: /* Praise from Wally Hammond */

{{more citations needed|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Amar Singh
| image = Amar_Singh_of_India.jpg
| caption =
| fullname = Ladhabhai Nakum Amar Singh
| birth_date = {{birth date|1910|12|04|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Rajkot]], [[Gujarat]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1940|05|21|1910|12|04|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Jamnagar]], Gujarat, British India
| nickname =
| role = [[All-rounder]]
| family = [[Ladha Ramji]] (brother)
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm fast-medium
| columns = 2
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 7
| runs1 = 292
| bat avg1 = 22.46
| 100s/50s1 = 0/1
| top score1 = 51
| deliveries1 = 2,182
| wickets1 = 28
| bowl avg1 = 30.64
| fivefor1 = 2
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 7/86
| catches/stumpings1= 3/–
| column2 = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| matches2 = 92
| runs2 = 3,344
| bat avg2 = 24.23
| 100s/50s2 = 5/18
| top score2 = 140[[not out|*]]
| deliveries2 = 23,689
| wickets2 = 506
| bowl avg2 = 18.35
| fivefor2 = 42
| tenfor2 = 14
| best bowling2 = 8/23
| catches/stumpings2= 77/–
| international = true
| country = India
| internationalspan = 1932–1936

| testdebutfor = India
| testcap = 1
| testdebutagainst = England
| testdebutdate = 25 June
| testdebutyear = 1932
| lasttestdate = 15 August
| lasttestfor = India
| lasttestagainst = England
| lasttestyear = 1936

| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/26228.html ESPN Cricinfo
| date = 9 May
| year = 2020
}}

'''Ladhabhai Nakum Amar Singh''' {{audio|Amar_Singh.ogg|pronunciation}} (4 December 1910 – 21 May 1940) was an Indian [[Test cricket]]er.<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/26228.html |title=Amar Singh|accessdate=9 May 2020 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> A right-arm [[fast bowler|fast-medium bowler]] and effective lower-order [[batsman]], Amar Singh Ladha played in seven Tests for [[India national cricket team|India]] before [[World War II]]. He took 28 wickets in these matches. He was the first Indian Fast bowler and All-rounder, and the first Indian to receive a Test cap. He also scored India's first half-century in Test cricket, in [[Indian cricket team in England in 1932#Test summary|India's first Test]].

==Career==

=== First Class career ===
[[File:1932 Indian Test Cricket team.jpg|thumb|The 1932 Indian Test Cricket team that toured England. Amar Singh seen standing fifth from right on this photo of the team captained by [[Maharaja of Porbandar]].]]

Amar Singh Ladha played [[first-class cricket]] over a nine-year period; in 92 first-class matches he took 508 wickets at the [[bowling average]] of 18.35. He also scored five centuries as a batsman. In domestic cricket he was the first Indian to complete the all-rounder's double of 1000 runs and 100 wickets in the [[Ranji Trophy]].

=== International Cricket ===
Against England at [[Chennai|Madras]] in 1933–34, Amar Singh Ladha scored 48 in the second essay after taking 7 for 86 off 44.4 overs in the visitors' first innings total of 335. At [[Lord's]] in 1936 he claimed 4/10 in his first nine overs and overall 6 for 35 from his 25.1 overs. In the next Test at [[Old Trafford Cricket Ground|Old Trafford]] he hit 48 not out to save India from an innings defeat. In the unofficial five-Test series against Lord Tennyson's [[Marylebone Cricket Club|MCC]] team of 1937–38 he captured 36 wickets at 16.66.

Much to the delight of the Burnley supporters, Amar Singh scored two centuries and six half-centuries. There was a 167 against Rishton, followed by a hard-hitting 112 versus East Lancashire, both at Turf Moore. Amar Singh topped the batting and bowling aggregates as well as averages. In all, he took 101 wickets at 12.11 in 360 overs; and scored 806 runs at 39.38 in 23 innings.

Amar Singh Ladha along with Mohammad Nissar formed part of a duo of fast bowlers for India. [[Wally Hammond]] said that he was '"as dangerous an opening bowler as I have ever seen".<ref>Simon Wilde, ''Number One: The World's Best Batsmen and Bowlers'', Victor Gollancz, 1998, {{ISBN|0-575-06453-6}}, p135.</ref>

In [[club cricket]] he played for [[Colne Cricket Club|Colne]] in the [[Lancashire League (cricket)|Lancashire League]]. As the club's first overseas professional he was seen as a rival to [[Nelson Cricket Club|Nelson]]'s [[Learie Constantine]] and his arrival caused the club's gate receipts and membership to double.<ref>[http://www.colnecc.com/betweenwars.asp?slid=3&mid=2 Colne Cricket Club ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928180955/http://www.colnecc.com/betweenwars.asp?slid=3&mid=2 |date=28 September 2007 }}</ref>

=== Praise from famous cricketers ===
According to English cricket legend [[Wally Hammond]], Amar Singh was "as dangerous an opening bowler as I have ever seen, coming off the pitch like the crack of doom". In an informal press meeting in 1940, [[Leonard Hutton]] said that "There is no better bowler in the world today than Amar Singh." Len Hutton said this out of experience as he had played against Singh during his years with Yorkshire. Amar Singh also had an elder brother, [[Ladha Ramji]], an aggressive fast bowler, who played a test for India against England in Bombay. His nephew, [[Vajesingh Nakum|VL Nakum]], also played first class cricket.

Singh died on the morning of 21 May 1940 from [[pneumonia]] at his residence in [[Jamnagar]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Amar Singh Dead|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=368-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=AkwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6016%2C2052904|accessdate=12 July 2017|work=The Indian Express|date=22 May 1940|page=1}}</ref>

==Test career==
Amar Singh Ladha was one of the amateurs of the Indian team. With his bowling partner Nissar, the two fast bowlers were the centre of attraction on the first day of the match being played at [[Lord's]]. It was first Nissar who wreaked havoc with the English top order, dismissing the openers, [[Percy Holmes]] and [[Herbert Sutcliffe]] to reduce England 1 for 8 and 2 for 11.

[[Frank Woolley]], was later run out after adding none runs to their score. At 19 for 3, England were in deep trouble, but the legendary [[Wally Hammond]], who would later go on to praise Singh lavishly, mounted a recovery with his Captain [[Douglas Jardine]], the pair added 82 runs for the third wicket before giving Amar Singh his first wicket in test Cricket, later, Nissar carried on his fine work and took three more wickets, cleaning up the middle order, while [[CK Nayudu]] (who was the Indian Captain, and who took two for 40 in England's first innings), and Singh mopped up the tail as England were shot out for 259. Amar Singh bowled 31.1 overs, taking 2 for 75.

=== Wisden Report ===
In Wisden's report of the test, it was noted that, "Amar Singh bowled almost as well, making the ball curl in the air either from leg or from the off and causing it to come off the pitch at a tremendous pace." This was highly unexpected as England looked particularly strong on the batting front on paper. India, though, squandered their bowlers good work, and were all out for 189 runs, after they imploded after being 153 for 4. England started their second innings badly as well, losing Sutcliffe, after an opening stand of 30, to Amar Singh. From that point on, Jahangir khan, another Indian fast bowler, ran through England's middle order, taking 4 for 60. Amar Singh bowled for 41 overs, taking 2 for 84. However, Wisden heaped praise on the Indian fast bowler, stating, "When England went in a second time, Amar Singh bowled even better than before". England declared at 275 for 8, with Jardine once again displaying an excellent temperament, scored 85 not out to go with his 79 in the first innings, another innings which was highly received by Wisden and spectators alike, as one particular onlooker's reports, which was retrieved by [[The Cricketer]], praised his gritty innings, stating "Luckily England had in Jardine, the captain, a steel-hearted warrior to hold the pass".<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketer/content/story/298007.html Jardine spares England's blushes]</ref>

=== Fighting Half century ===
Thus, India, set a target of 346 in the second innings, came out to bat, but were outclassed by England's superior bowling. In fact, Wisden stated in its match reports, that "India fared so badly that they lost seven wickets for 108 ...". However, it was Amar Singh, this time, who displayed his lower-order batting prowess, hitting 51 with the help of one six. He added 74 runs for the eighth wicket with Lall Singh, who scored 29 runs. Ultimately, Amar Singh was the last man out for 187, and India lost by 158 runs.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/151765.html Wisden report-ENGLAND v INDIA]</ref>

Amar Singh Ladha played the rest of his six test matches against England, producing several of his best displays, including 4 for 106 in [[Kolkata]]<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62617.html 2nd Test, England v India at Kolkata, 5–8 Jan 1934]</ref> in 1934, 6 or 35 at Lord's in 1936,<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62638.html 1st test, England v India, at Lord's, 27–30 June 1936]</ref> and his career-best figures of 7 for 86<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62618.html England v India, at Chennai, 1934]</ref> in the Chennai match in 1934. However, he bowled more than thirty-five overs in an innings on six occasions, giving rise to the perception that he was perhaps being used as a workhorse.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/91081.html India's first lethal weapon]</ref>

==Cricketing style==
Amar Singh was a tall man; standing at over six feet and two inches, Amar Singh used this height advantage to great effect. He was wiry and broad shouldered.<ref>[http://www.cricketnetwork.co.uk/main/s119/st26334.php Fast bowling legacy: Mohammad Nissar and Amar Singh]</ref> Though not really fast, Amar Singh used his height to extract bounce and movement off the pitch. He was said to have had a clean action, and generated much energy from a run-up of a little more than a dozen yards. This was the reason why English conditions suited him well. Amar Singh was also said to have had the ability to exploit the new ball well, making it swing both the ways, and when the shine was off, his "devastating breakback often penetrated the defense of well set batsmen, castling them comprehensively".

=== Aggressive field setting ===
One reason for Amar Singh's high number of wickets was that he bowled with an aggressive field setting and more importantly, he aimed at the stumps while bowling. His field settings generally consisted of two or three slips, a gully, a cover point, and third man on the off side. On the leg side he usually had a short fine leg, a forward short leg, a silly mid-on and a long leg. He maintained this field against all batsmen.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}

=== Pinch Hitter of Ball ===
Amar Singh's batting was more or less as much as aggressive as his bowling. He was a pinch-hitter, who was effective on some occasions. Surprisingly, Amar Singh was shifted up the [[batting order (cricket)|batting order]]. He was also made to play in the top five positions three times; but, also scored four scores above forty. In the summer of his first test match, Amar Singh hit an unbeaten 131, against [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]], coming at no.10, a position from which he had scored his 51 against England in his first test match.

In the light of his bowling performances, another aspect of his game that had been overshadowed along with his batting was Singh's fielding an catching. In 92 first class matches, Singh snaffled 77 catches, and according to Rusi Modi, he was easily as good as [[Bob Simpson (cricketer)|Bob Simpson]] or Wally Hammond in terms of slip catching. However, it is highly debatable whether India's other fielders were as good, as it is reported that many edges of Nissar's and Singh's bowling were dropped {{Citation needed|date=September 2012}}.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{cricinfo|id=26228}}
*[https://www.sportifnews.com/latest-article/amar-singh-born-4-dec-1910-an-exciting-all-round-indian-cricketer-who-washed-out-the-mighty-australian-side-in-1938 Indian cricketer who washed out the mighty Australian side in 1938 at sportifnews.com]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Amar}}
[[Category:1910 births]]
[[Category:1940 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Rajkot]]
[[Category:India Test cricketers]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:Patiala cricketers]]
[[Category:Western India cricketers]]
[[Category:Saurashtra cricketers]]
[[Category:Hindus cricketers]]
[[Category:Sir L. Parkinson's XI cricketers]]
[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia in India]]
[[Category:Roshanara Club cricketers]]
[[Category:Viceroy's XI cricketers]]

Anti-Muslim violence in India

2022-04-15T13:38:35Z

Radhika: Finished writing a new contribution.

#REDIRECT [[Violence against Muslims in independent India]]