Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Ajit Agarkar

2023-10-02T20:02:54Z

RaashPabri: Add refs

{{short description|Indian cricketer and a commentator (born 1977)}}
{{BLP sources| date= March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Ajit Agarkar
| fullname = Ajit Bhalchandra Agarkar
| image = AjitAgarkar.jpg
| caption = Agarkar in 2014
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1977|12|04|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| height = 5 ft 7 in<ref>{{Cite web|title=Agarkar pulls out of NZ tour|url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/1998/dec/02b.htm|date=2 December 1998|work=[[Rediff.com]]|first=Faisal|last=Shariff|quote=Sanjay Manjrekar, Agarkar's skipper in Ranji Trophy games last season, said in the course of a recent commentary session: "That boy weighs 58 kilos (his height, by the way, is five foot seven). I told him, he has either to add body weight, or stop bowling fast."}}</ref>
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[fast bowling|fast-medium]]
| role = All rounder
| international = true
| internationalspan = 1998–2007
| country = India
| testcap = 216
| testdebutagainst = Zimbabwe
| testdebutdate = 7 October
| testdebutyear = 1998
| lasttestagainst = Pakistan
| lasttestdate = 13 January
| lasttestyear = 2006
| odicap = 111
| odidebutagainst = Australia
| odidebutdate = 1 April
| odidebutyear = 1998
| lastodiagainst = England
| lastodidate = 5 September
| lastodiyear = 2007
| odishirt = 68 (previously 9)
| T20Icap = 1
| T20Idebutagainst = South Africa
| T20Idebutdate = 1 December
| T20Idebutyear = 2006
| lastT20Iagainst = New Zealand
| lastT20Idate = 16 September
| lastT20Iyear = 2007
| T20Ishirt = 68
| club1 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| year1 = 1996–2013
| club2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| year2 = 2008–2010
| club3 = [[Delhi Daredevils]]
| year3 = 2011–2013
| club4 = [[Cricket Club of India]]
| year4 = 2014
| columns = 4
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches1 = 26
| matches2 = 191
| matches3 = 110
| matches4 = 270
| runs1 = 571
| runs2 = 1,269
| runs3 = 3,336
| runs4 = 2,275
| bat avg1 = 16.79
| bat avg2 = 14.58
| bat avg3 = 28.75
| bat avg4 = 17.50
| 100s/50s1 = 1/0
| 100s/50s2 = 0/3
| 100s/50s3 = 4/16
| 100s/50s4 = 1/7
| top score1 = 109[[not out|*]]
| top score2 = 95
| top score3 = 145
| top score4 = 100
| deliveries1 = 4,857
| deliveries2 = 9,484
| deliveries3 = 18,132
| deliveries4 = 13,322
| wickets1 = 58
| wickets2 = 288
| wickets3 = 299
| wickets4 = 420
| bowl avg1 = 47.32
| bowl avg2 = 27.85
| bowl avg3 = 30.69
| bowl avg4 = 26.16
| fivefor1 = 1
| fivefor2 = 2
| fivefor3 = 12
| fivefor4 = 3
| tenfor1 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling1 = 6/41
| best bowling2 = 6/42
| best bowling3 = 6/41
| best bowling4 = 6/18
| catches/stumpings1 = 68/–
| catches/stumpings2 = 52/–
| catches/stumpings3 = 37/–
| catches/stumpings4 = 69/–
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/ajit-agarkar-26184 Cricinfo
| date = 13 September
| year = 2022
}}

'''Ajit Bhalchandra Agarkar''' {{audio|Ajit Agarkar.ogg|pronunciation}} (born 4 December 1977) is a former Indian [[cricket]]er and a commentator. He is and has been the chairman of the [[India national cricket team selectors|BCCI selection committee]] since July 4, 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesofsports.com/cricket/news/indian-cricket-team-chief-selector-2023/ | title=Indian Cricket Team Chief Selector is Ajit Agarkar - BCCI | date=4 July 2023 }}</ref> He has represented India in more than 200 international matches across all three formats of the game.
He is the third highest wicket-taker for India in [[One Day International]]s (ODIs) and has represented India in the [[1999 Cricket World Cup]], [[2003 Cricket World Cup]], [[2007 Cricket World Cup|2007 World Cup]] and was member of the inaugural [[2007 ICC World Twenty20]] winning squad, along with one of the joint winners of the [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy]], which was shared with Sri Lanka.

He played for the [[Delhi Daredevils]] (Now Delhi Capitals) and the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] in the [[Indian Premier League|IPL]], and captained [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]] to its 40th [[Ranji Trophy]] title in 2013. He made his Test and ODI debuts in 1998 and [[Twenty20 International|T20I]] debut in 2006. In 2013, Agarkar announced his retirement from all forms of cricket. Post-retirement, he began a new career as a [[Color commentator|cricket analyst]]. He holds the record for the quickest 50 in ODIs by an Indian coming off just 21 balls (against Zimbabwe in 2000).

==Personal life==
Agarkar was born on 4 December 1976 in [[Mumbai]],<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Indian player profiles |url=https://www.sportstarlive.com/tss2649/stories/20031206002601900.htm |website=sportstarlive.com |access-date=27 July 2018 |date=December 2003 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> to Meena and Balachandra Agarkar. He has one sister, Manik Agarkar.<ref name="rediff1">{{cite news |last1=Panicker |first1=Prem |title=Strike force! |url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/1998/jul/10g.htm |access-date=27 July 2018 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=10 July 1998}}</ref><ref>Hari Menon (8 November 2004), [https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/bones-of-a-riddle/225620 "Bones Of A Riddle"], ''[[Outlook India]]''. Retrieved 20 March 2019.</ref> Agarkar started out as a batsman since his childhood before he was entrusted to cricket coach [[Ramakant Achrekar]] by his father. On Achrekar's insistence, Agarkar shifted his school from IES to Shardashram Vidyamandir for Grade six. He developed as a batsman who could bowl a bit during this time while practicing at the [[Shivaji Park]]. He went on to perform consistently as a batsman scoring heavily in the inter-school Giles Shield tournament for the Under-16s making a triple century when he was 15. He carried the form into the Harris Shield under-19 tournament scoring consistently "showing signs of being another [[Sachin Tendulkar|Tendulkar]] in the making." It was during this time that he began shifting focus to his bowling after it was "pointed out to [him] that it would be hard to make it into the Mumbai team as a pure batsman, and that he stood a better chance as an all-rounder". As a child, Agarkar idolized pacers [[Kapil Dev]], [[Michael Holding]] and [[Ian Botham]]; later also taking a liking to [[Allan Donald]].<ref name="rediff1"/>

Agarkar is an alumnus of [[Ruparel College]] in [[Matunga]]. He married Fatima Ghadially and has a son named Raj with her. He resides in Narayan Pujari Nagar on the [[Worli]] Seaface in South Mumbai in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ajit Agarkar – Bio Page |url=http://www.lookuppage.com/users/ajitagarkar/ |website=lookuppage.com |access-date=19 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075120/http://www.lookuppage.com/users/ajitagarkar/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Bowling style==
He is relatively short compared to other fast bowlers, but he could still bowl at speeds more than 90 mph (~142–150 km/h).{{Citation needed|date= March 2022}}

He was generally a wicket taking bowler being the fastest (at the time) to 50 wickets. During his career, many questions aroused about his economy rate. However, his career economy rate was fair (5.07).<ref name="cricinfo">{{cite web |title=Ajit Agarkar |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/26184.html |website=Cricinfo}}</ref>

==International career==
Agarkar made his [[One day international|ODI]] debut against [[Australian national cricket team|Australia]] at [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Kochi|Kochi]], on 1 April 1998. He took the wicket of [[Adam Gilchrist]] in that match.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://espnpressroom.com/caribbean/bios/jonathan-trott/#:~:text=Agarkar%20made%20his%20ODI%20debut,prized%20wicket%20of%20Adam%20Gilchrist. | title=Agarkar Profile }}</ref>

Soon after his debut, a 20-year-old Agarkar achieved his first [[Man of the match]] award in a crucial Coca-Cola champions trophy match against New Zealand taking four wickets including the crucial wickets of [[Stephen Fleming]] and [[Craig McMillan]] while India was defending just 220 on 17 April 1998.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-v-new-zealand-1997-1998-151463| title=Match Report }}</ref>

The positive start to his early career, Indian fans were hopeful of him forming a strong bowling partnership with [[Javagal Srinath]]. Srinath had been sidelined by injury during Agarkar's 1st season and was the only successful pace bowler in the National Team. The emergence of [[Ashish Nehra]] in 1999 and [[Zaheer Khan]] in 2000 created further competition for pace bowling options especially in home conditions. Frequent injuries to Srinath, Nehra, and Agarkar meant India struggled with pace bowling resources.{{Citation needed|date= March 2022}}

While Agarkar remained a part of the team, he was not able to hold down a guaranteed place due to frequent injuries and severe competition for places especially after the emergence of [[Irfan Pathan]] in 2004. He was an important part of the hugely successful Indian team in 2002 and 2003 with Agarkar contributing some memorable performances with the bat and the ball. During this period, he was also a member of the Indian team which finished in the runner-up spot in the 2003 World Cup in South Africa, although he did not play in a single game throughout the tournament.

Amongst Agarkar's better performances were his performances in Australia in the Test series of 1999, and also in the test series in 2003. At [[Adelaide Oval]] in 2003, Agarkar took 6/41, to help India to win their first test in Australia in over 20 years. Agarkar has performed better in ODI cricket, where he takes wickets regularly, although his economy rate is high. He has also had a number of good batting performances. He was the best Indian bowler in the one-day series during India's tour of West Indies in 2006.

As a batsman, Agarkar is one of the few players who scored a Test century at Lords against England during India's tour to England in 2002 when he scored 109 not out. Although India lost the test, his batting skills were quite noticeable. He also holds the record of the fastest fifty in ODI's for India when he scored 67 not out in 25 balls at Rajkot against Zimbabwe in 2000.<ref>[http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284095.html Fastest fifties] at [[Cricinfo]]</ref> However, his batting exploits have been frequently overshadowed by seven consecutive instances of no scoring against Australia, five in Australia and two at home.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alloutcricket.com/blogs/sundries/you-can-quote-me-on-that-ajit-agarkar |title=You Can Quote Me on That: Ajit Agarkar – All Out Cricket |access-date=2013-12-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215121632/http://www.alloutcricket.com/blogs/sundries/you-can-quote-me-on-that-ajit-agarkar |archive-date=15 December 2013 }}</ref> His first four dismissal also happened to have been on the first ball he faced.

He is currently the 3rd highest wicket taker (288) for India in ODI's after Javagal Srinath (315) and [[Anil Kumble]] (337).
One of the notable performances in the domestic cricket came in the 2009–10 Ranji trophy finals against Karnataka in which he took 5 wickets in the second innings ensuring a narrow win for Mumbai.

On 16 October 2013, Agarkar announced his retirement from all forms of cricket just before the start of the 2013–14 Ranji season.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/current/story/679933.html | title=Agarkar retires from all cricket | work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] | access-date=16 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="IE2013">{{cite news|title=Adelaide hero, Lord's centurion, Bombay duck Ajit Agarkar calls it quits|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/adelaide-hero-lords-centurion-bombay-duck-ajit-agarkar-calls-it-quits/1183631/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=17 October 2013}}</ref>

=== As an all-rounder ===
[[John Wright (cricketer, born 1954)|John Wright]] used to send Agarkar as a pinch hitter in ODIs up the order to increase the scoring rate. He demonstrated good batting skills with extra slogging. Some of his acclaimed knocks in ODIs are when he smacked the fastest 50 in 21 balls in 2000 against Zimbabwe and took 3 wickets as well in that match,<ref>{{cite web|title=fastest 50|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/64684.html}}</ref> in another knock his 95 against West Indies in 2002 at [[Jamshedpur]] when he was sent up the order at number 3.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ajit 95|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/64785.html}}</ref>
In the same season in 2002 he joined the group of few Indians to have scored a century at Lord's, when he scored a century in the first test of series batting at no. 8.<ref>{{cite web|title=109* agarkar|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/63997.html}}</ref> He got a runner-up medal in 2003 World Cup.

===Records===
Early in his career, Agarkar broke [[Dennis Lillee]]'s world record for the fastest 50 wickets in [[One Day International|ODIs]], achieving the feat from only 23 matches. He held the record from 1998 until 2009 when [[Ajantha Mendis]] achieved the feat from just 19 matches. Agarkar holds the Indian record of scoring the fastest 50 in ODI: he scored 50 off 21 balls. Agarkar also holds another ODI record, which is the quickest in terms of fewest matches played to take 200 wickets and complete 1000 runs. Agarkar achieved this feat in 133 matches breaking the previous record held by South African [[Shaun Pollock]], who accomplished this feat in his 138th match.<ref>{{cite web|title= Agarkar Records|date=4 December 2020 |url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/happy-birthday-ajit-agarkar-top-5-glorious-moments-of-his-career-959963}}</ref>

During India's 1999-2000 tour of Australia, Agarkar set a record of five consecutive innings (seven consecutive innings against Australia)
resulting in [[Duck (cricket)|ducks]] (four of them first ball), which earned him the nickname "Bombay Duck".<ref name="IE2013"/><ref name="Beard">{{cite book |title=Ask Bearders |last=Frindall |first=Bill |author-link=Bill Frindall |year=2009 |publisher=[[BBC Books]]|isbn=978-1-84607-880-4 |pages=80–81}}</ref> The wicket takers were [[Damien Fleming]], [[Brett Lee]](twice), [[Mark Waugh]] and [[Glenn McGrath]].

==Domestic career==
Agarkar represented [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] in [[Indian Premier League]] for three seasons. In the fourth season, he was contracted by [[Delhi Daredevils]] for US$210,000.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Binoy |first1=George |title=How the squads stack up |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2011-how-the-ipl-squads-stack-up-495840 |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 October 2023 |date=8 January 2011}}</ref>

In February 2012 it was announced that Agarkar would captain Mumbai in the 2012 [[Vijay Hazare Trophy]].<ref name=toi12>{{cite news|title=Ajit Agarkar to lead Mumbai in one-dayer|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/domestic-cricket/vijay-hazare-trophy/Ajit-Agarkar-to-lead-Mumbai-in-one-dayers/articleshow/11893244.cms|access-date=15 February 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=15 February 2012}}</ref>

He was also the captain of the [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]] team that won the 2013 Ranji Trophy.<ref name="cricinfo"/> In the quarter-final, he scored 52* (from 53 balls) against [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]] to ensure a mammoth total of 645/9 declared. In the semi-final against [[Services cricket team|Services]], he scored 145 and made a 246-run 7th wicket partnership with wicketkeeper [[Aditya Tare]] (120) to rescue Mumbai from 169/6, and take the total to 454/8 declared.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mumbai v Services, 2nd Semi-Final, Delhi, January 16 - 21, 2013 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ranji-trophy-2012-13-574010/services-vs-mumbai-2nd-semi-final-574135/full-scorecard |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=26184}}
{{Navboxes
| title = India squads
| bg = #0077FF
| fg = white
| list1 ={{India Squad 1999 Cricket World Cup}}
{{India Squad 2002 ICC Champions Trophy}}
{{India Squad 2003 Cricket World Cup}}
{{India Squad 2007 Cricket World Cup}}
{{India Squad 2007 Cricket World Twenty20}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Agarkar, Ajit}}
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:India One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:India Test cricketers]]
[[Category:India Twenty20 International cricketers]]
[[Category:Middlesex cricketers]]
[[Category:Mumbai cricketers]]
[[Category:Kolkata Knight Riders cricketers]]
[[Category:Delhi Capitals cricketers]]
[[Category:West Zone cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 1999 Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 2003 Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 2007 Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:People from Mumbai City district]]
[[Category:Indian cricket commentators]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Mumbai]]

Asoke Chandra Mitra

2023-07-17T05:49:50Z

RaashPabri: Initiated an original article.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Asoke Chandra Mitra
| image = File:Asoke Chandra Mitra.jpg
| office1 = Member of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 2023
| predecessor1 = [[Badal Choudhury]]
| 1blankname2 =
| 1namedata2 =
| cabinet =
| birth_name = Asoke Chandra Mitra
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1949|02|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = Tripura, India
| parents =
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| spouse = Subhra Mitra
| children = 2
| alma_mater = [[Maharaja Bir Bikram College]]
}}
'''Asoke Chandra Mitra''' is an Indian politician and member of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Badal Choudhury’s daughter Barsha campaigns for Left Front candidate Ashok Mitra at Hrishyamukh AC - Tripura Chronicle |url=https://tripurachronicle.in/local-news/badal-choudhurys-daughter-barsha-campaigns-for-left-front-candidate-ashok-mitra-at-hrishyamukh-ac/ |access-date=2023-07-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]], representing the [[Hrishyamukh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Hrishyamukh constituency]] in the [[South Tripura district]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tripura Assembly election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-constituency-winners-list-8473554/ |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hrishyamukh Election Result 2023 LIVE: Hrishyamukh MLA Election Result & Vote Share - Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/hrishyamukh-assembly-elections-tr-37/ |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MLA Profiles {{!}} Tripura State Portal |url=https://tripura.gov.in/mla-profile |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=tripura.gov.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mitra, Asoke Chandra}}
[[Category:People from South Tripura district]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Tripura]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:1949 births]]

{{Tripura-politician-stub}}
{{CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}

7:11 PM (film)

2023-07-09T17:53:10Z

RaashPabri: Wrote an insightful manuscript.

{{Infobox film
|name=7:11 PM<ref>{{cite news|title=Tollywood Director Gopichand Malineni launches the teaser of Sci-Fi action thriller film 7:11PM|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/tollywood-director-gopichand-malineni-launches-the-teaser-of-sci-fi-action-thriller-film-711-pm/articleshow/100812526.cms?from=mdr|access-date=11 June 2023|work=Times Of India|date=7 June 2023|language=en|archive-date=11 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611172318/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/tollywood-director-gopichand-malineni-launches-the-teaser-of-sci-fi-action-thriller-film-711-pm/articleshow/100812526.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref>
|image=7 - 11 PM film poster.jpg
|caption=Release poster
|director=Chaitu Madala
|writer={{ubl|Chaitu Madala|Hemant K Bhatnagar}}
|producer={{ubl|Naren Yanamadala| Madhuri Ravipati| Vani Kanneganti}}
|starring={{ubl|Saahas Pagadala| Deepika Reddy| Tess Walsh|[[Raghu Karumanchi]]| [[Bharath Reddy (actor)|Bharath Reddy]]| Rising Raju}}
|cinematography={{ubl|Siva Shankar| Fabio Capodivento}}
|editing=Srinu Thota
|music=Gyaani
|studio= Arcus Films
|distributor=[[Mythri Movie Makers]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Mythri Movie Distributors LLP to release the sci-fi action thriller 7:11 PM|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/mythri-movie-distributors-llp-to-release-the-sci-fi-action-thriller-711-pm.html|access-date=11 June 2023|work=123 Telugu|language=en|archive-date=11 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611162307/https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/mythri-movie-distributors-llp-to-release-the-sci-fi-action-thriller-711-pm.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|released=7 July 2023
|runtime=
|country=India
|language=Telugu
|budget=
}}
''''' 7:11 PM ''''' is a 2023 Indian Telugu language sci-Fi action thriller film director by Chaitu Madala<ref>{{cite news|title='7:11 PM' Teaser: 2 Planets, 3 Time Periods & One Intriguing Concept!|url=https://english.tupaki.com/politicalnews/article/7-11-PM-Teaser-Telugu/139640|access-date=11 June 2023|work=English Tupaki|language=en|archive-date=11 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611172320/https://english.tupaki.com/politicalnews/article/7-11-PM-Teaser-Telugu/139640|url-status=live}}</ref> and produced by Naren Yanamadala, Madhuri Ravipati, Vani Kanneganti under Arcus Films banner. In this film, main lead actors are Saahas Pagadala, Deepika Reddy, Tess Walsh, [[Raghu Karumanchi]], [[Bharath Reddy (actor)|Bharath Reddy]], and Rising Raju. Music scored by Gyaani. Camera by Siva Shankar and Fabio Capodivento and edited by Srinu Thota.

==Plot==
A future being from a distant planet arrives in a little Indian village named Hamsaladeevi<ref>{{cite news|title=7:11 PM Teaser: Beyond Your Imagination|url=https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/news/711-pm-teaser-beyond-your-imagination-129770|access-date=11 June 2023|work=Greatandhra|language=en|archive-date=11 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611172319/https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/news/711-pm-teaser-beyond-your-imagination-129770|url-status=live}}</ref> on a fateful day in 1999 in search of answers that will determine in the human species survives. On the same day, things are already moving quickly to wipe the town off the map. At 7:11 PM, These events come together to create a suspenseful thriller that will have you guessing and on the edge of your seat.

== Cast ==
{{Colbegin}}
*Saahas Pagadala as Ravi
*Deepika Reddy as Vimala
*Tess Walsh as Sarah
*[[Raghu Karumanchi]] as Ganda
*[[Bharath Reddy (actor)|Bharath Reddy]] as Krishna
*Charan Kurugonda as Einstein
*Surabhi Prabhavathi as Pinni
*Mathew Da Via as Ein
*Sienna Lillie Ham as Sienna
*Clay Antonio as Titus
*Louie Athanasiou as Peter
*Hemant k Bhatnagar as Babar
*Marina Bi as Arra
*Anil Vemuri as Veera
*Rajesh Pilla as Aparimitham Rajesh
*Vasu Routhu as Ramu
{{Colend}}

== Production ==
The film was produced by Naren Yanamadala, Madhuri Ravipati and Vani Kanneganti under the banner of Arcus Films. The film's cinematography was done by Siva Shankar and Fabio Capodivento. The editing of the film was handled by Srinu Thota. The trailer was released on 29 June 2023.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sistu |first1=Suhas |title=‘7:11 PM’ trailer review: Innovative & extraordinary |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/711-pm-trailer-review-innovative-extraordinary-806261 |website=www.thehansindia.com |access-date=6 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706195256/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/711-pm-trailer-review-innovative-extraordinary-806261 |archive-date=6 July 2023 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Trailer of sci-fi thriller 7:11 PM is here |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/jun/29/trailer-ofsci-fi-thriller-711-pm-is-here-45098.html |website=[[Cinema Express]] |access-date=6 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706195224/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/jun/29/trailer-ofsci-fi-thriller-711-pm-is-here-45098.html |archive-date=6 July 2023 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref>
== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Hans India]]'' has called the film as technically high with VFX being exceptionally great with all the space shots and other interesting scenes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=hansindia |title=‘7:11 PM’ movie review: Technically high |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/711-pm-movie-review-technically-high-79398 |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=te |archive-date=2023-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707163002/https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/711-pm-movie-review-technically-high-79398 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Sakshi (newspaper)]] gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars.<ref>{{cite web |title=7:11 PM Movie Review |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/711-pm-movie-review-and-rating-telugu-1685833 |website=Sakshi |access-date=7 July 2023 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |language=te |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162538/https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/711-pm-movie-review-and-rating-telugu-1685833 }}</ref> [[NTV (Telugu)|ntvtelugu]] has given a rating of 2.25/5.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=ntv |title=7:11 PM Review: 7:11 పీఎం మూవీ రివ్యూ |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/711-pm-movie-telugu-review-and-rating-401991.html |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=NTV Telugu |language=te-IN |archive-date=2023-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162213/https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/711-pm-movie-telugu-review-and-rating-401991.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Kiran Kumar Thanjavur of ''[[News18 Telugu]]'' gave it 2.5 out of 5 stars and stated, "An impressive time travel drama here and there."<ref>{{cite web |title=7:11 PM Movie Review: 7:11 PM మూవీ రివ్యూ.. అక్కడక్కడ ఆకట్టుకునే టైమ్ ట్రావెల్ డ్రామా.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/7-11-pm-movie-review-rating-public-talk-another-time-travel-drama-ta-1950816.html |website=News18 Telugu |access-date=6 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706195630/https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/7-11-pm-movie-review-rating-public-talk-another-time-travel-drama-ta-1950816.html |archive-date=6 July 2023 |language=te |url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt26258634}}

[[Category:Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction films]]
[[Category:2023 in Indian cinema]]

Khushal Singh

2023-07-07T18:48:45Z

RaashPabri:

'''Khushal Singh''' may refer to:

* [[Khushal Singh Singhpuria]], the second chief of Singhpuria Misl from 1753 to 1795
* [[Khushal Singh Jamadar]], a military officer and Chamberlain of the Sikh Empire

{{hndis}}

Reddi Kingdom

2023-02-05T23:38:21Z

RaashPabri: Developed original content.

{{Short description|Historical kingdom in India}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{use Indian English}}
{{Infobox Former Country
|conventional_long_name = Reddi kingdom
|common_name = Reddi kingdom
|era = [[Medieval India]]
|year_start = 1325
|year_end = 1448
|p1 = Kakatiya dynasty
|flag_p1 =
|s1 = Vijayanagara Empire
|flag_s1 = Flag of vijaynagara.jpg
|s2 = Gajapati Empire
|flag_s2 =
|image_map = {{South Asia in 1400|center||{{Annotation|143|172|[[File:Long Rectangle (plain).png|27px]]}}||none}}
|image_map_caption =Reddi Kingdom and contemporary main South Asian polities in 1400 CE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=39, 147|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=076}}</ref>
|capital = [[Addanki]] (initial)<br />[[Kondavid Fort|Kondavidu]]<br />[[Rajahmundry]]
|common_languages = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|religion = [[File:Om.svg|15px]] [[Hinduism]]
|government_type = Monarchy
}}


The '''Reddi kingdom''' or '''Kondavidu Reddi kingdom''' (1325–1448 CE){{sfn|Talbot|2001|p=202}}{{sfn|Farooqui|2011|pp=117–118}} was established in [[South India|southern India]] by Prolaya Vema Reddi. Most of the region that was ruled by the Reddi dynasty is now part of modern-day [[coastal Andhra|coastal]] and central [[Andhra Pradesh]].

==Etymology==
The Telugu term "''Reddi''", whose earlier forms were "''Raddi''", "''Rattodi''", and "''Rattakudi''", linked to the Sanskrit term "''Rashtrakuta''", was used for village headmen, who were responsible for organising the cultivation of the agricultural lands of the villages and collecting taxes. From the seventh century, some of the members of the Rattakudi families had important posts in the administration of the kingdoms.{{sfn|Somasekhara Sarma|1946|pp=70–75}} A copperplate record mentioned the grandfather of the founder of the dynasty as a ''sainya-nayaka'', a commander of the forces.{{sfn|Somasekhara Sarma|1946|pp=66–67}}

==Origin==
The fall of the Kakatiya Kingdom in 1323, after being subject to seizes by the Tughlaq dynasty, led to a political vacuum in the Andhras.The Islamic conquerors failed to keep the region under effective control and constant infighting among themselves coupled with the martial abilities of the local Telugu warriors led to the loss of the entire region by 1347.{{sfn|Talbot|2001|p=176}}{{verify source}}

Whilst, this led to the rise of the [[Musunuri Nayakas|Musunuris]] (initially were based in Coastal Andhra) and [[Recherla Nayakas|Recharlas]] in the [[Telangana]] region, the coastal belt saw the rise of a third warrior lineage—the Reddi''s'' of the Panta clan.{{sfn|Talbot|2001|p=177}}{{verify source}}

Established in about 1325 by Prolaya Vema Reddi,(also known as Komati Vema), his territory extended along the coast to Nellore in the south and Srisailam, in the west. He was succeeded by Anavota Reddi who consolidated the kingdom extensively and established its capital at Kondavidu in Guntur District.{{sfn|Talbot|2001|p=177}}{{verify source}}

By 1395, a second Reddi kingdom was established by a branch of the same lineage, with its capital in Rajahmundry, East Godavari District.{{sfn|Talbot|2001|p=177}}{{verify source}}

The Reddi kings’ ancestors were part of the Kakatiya military and held important posts such as the sainya-nayaka. {{sfn|Talbot|2001|p=177}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sundarayya.org/saraiirasatau-raedadaikaula-nairanaya-camdaraika|title=Reddi Kula Nirnaya Chandrika, Sheshadri Ramana Kavulu}}</ref> {{verify source}}

==Extent of rule==
[[File:Kondavid-drug. Signed 'W.R.'.jpg|thumb|260px|Water colour painting - Kondavidu fort, Reddi Kingdom.]]

The Reddi kings ruled [[coastal Andhra|coastal]] and central [[Andhra Pradesh|Andhra]] for over a hundred years from 1325 to 1448.{{sfn|Rao & Shulman, Srinatha|2012|p=16}} At its maximum extent, the Reddi kingdom stretched from [[Cuttack, Orissa]] to the north, [[Kanchipuram|Kanchi]] to the south and [[Srisailam]] to the west.{{sfn|Raghunadha Rao|1994|p=82}} The initial capital of the kingdom was [[Addanki]].{{sfn|Durga Prasad|1988|p=173}} Later, it was moved to [[Kondavidu]] and a subsidiary branch was established at [[Rajahmundry]].{{sfn|Durga Prasad|1988|pp=174, 177}} The Reddis were known for their fortifications. Two major [[hill fort]]s, one at [[Kondapalli]], 20 km north west of [[Vijayawada]] and another at Kondavidu about 30 km west of [[Guntur]] stand testimony to the fort building skill of the Reddi kings.{{sfn|Raghunadha Rao|1994|p=83}} The forts of [[Bellamkonda]], [[Vinukonda]] and [[Nagarjunakonda]] in the [[Palnadu]] region were also part of the Reddi kingdom.{{sfn|Raghunadha Rao|1994|p=83}} The dynasty remained in power till the middle of the 15th century. In 1424, Kondavidu was annexed to the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] and Rajahmundry was conquered by the [[Gajapati Kingdom|Gajapatis]] some twenty five years after.{{sfn|Rao & Shulman, Srinatha|2012|p=16}} The [[Gajapati Kingdom|Gajapatis]] eventually lost control of coastal Andhra after the defeat of Gajapati Prataprudra Deva by [[Krishna Deva Raya]] of Vijayanagara. The territories of the Reddi kingdom thus came under the control of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]].<ref name="KulkeRothermund2004">{{cite book|last1=Kulke |first1=Hermann |author-link1=Hermann Kulke |last2=Rothermund |first2=Dietmar |author-link2=Dietmar Rothermund |title=A history of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C|access-date=16 August 2011 |year=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-32919-4 |page=189}}</ref>

==Religion==
[[File:Srisailam-temple-entrance.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Mallikarjuna Swamy Temple, Srisailam]]
[[File:Jwala Narasimha Ahobilam.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Lord [[Narasimha]], Ahobilam]]

The Reddi rulers played a prominent part in post-[[Kakatiya dynasty|Kakatiyas]] of [[Telangana]]. The Kakatiya empire came to an end in 1323 after the army of the [[Delhi sultanate]] invaded [[Warangal]] and captured Kakatiya ruler Pratapa Rudra. Warangal fell to the invaders and Ulugh Khan commanded Warangal and Telangana. During this time of foreign invasion and chaos in Telugu country, seeds of revolt were sown by two princes, Annaya Mantri and Kolani Rudradeva.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Amaresh |last1=Datta|first2=Mohan |last2=Lal|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay-Zorgot|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hc5jAAAAMAAJ&q=prolaya+vema+reddy|access-date=5 August 2011|year=1992|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|page=4637|isbn=9780836422832}}</ref>{{qn}}

It was during this chaotic period in Andhra history that Prolaya Vema Reddi established the Reddi kingdom in 1325. The Reddi rulers patronised and protected Hinduism and its institutions. The [[Brahmin]]s were given liberal grants by the Reddi kings and the agraharas of Brahmins were restored. Vedic studies were encouraged. The Hindu temples of [[Srisailam]] and [[Ahobilam]] were provided with more facilities. Prolaya Vema Reddi bestowed a number of [[agraharam|agraharas]] on the Brahmins. He was revered by the title of ''Apratima-Bhudana-Parasurama''.<ref name="Chitnis2003">{{cite book|first=Krishnaji Nageshrao |last=Chitnis|title=Medieval Indian history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xMcIu7kL42MC&q=prolaya+vema+|access-date=2 September 2011|year=2003|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-7156-062-2|pages=77, 83}}</ref> He commissioned major repairs to the Srisailam Mallikarjuna Swami temple, and had a flight of steps built from the [[Krishna River]] to the temple. The [[Narasimha]] Swamy temple at Ahobilam was built during his reign. He built 108 temples for [[Shiva]].{{sfn|Raghunadha Rao|1994|p=89}}

==Literature==

[[Telugu language|Telugu]] literature blossomed under the Reddi kings. The Reddi kings also patronized [[Sanskrit]]. Several of the Reddi kings themselves were distinguished scholars and authors. Kumaragiri Reddi, Kataya Vema Reddi and Pedakomati Vema Reddi were the most outstanding among them. [[Yerrapragada|Errapragada]] (Errana), [[Srinatha]] and [[Potana]] were the remarkable poets of this period. Errapragada, the last of the [[Kavitrayam|Kavitraya]] (Trinity of Poets) was the court poet of Prolaya Vema Reddi. He completed the Telugu translation of the [[Mahabharata]]. He completed the rendition of the [[Aranya Parva]] of Mahabharata left incomplete by [[Nannaya|Nannaya Bhattu]] (Aadi Kavi who started the translation of Mahabharata into Telugu). He wrote Hari Vamsa and Narasimha Purana. Errana's translation of the [[Ramayana]] in ''Chapu'' form (a style of poetry) has been lost.{{sfn|Raghunadha Rao|1994|p=83}}

==Administration==
{|width="250" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="1" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-family: arial; font-size: 90%; background-color: ##F0F8FF; border: 1px solid #cccccc;"
|-
|colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#99CCCC"|<big>'''Reddi Kings'''{{sfn|Somasekhara Sarma|1946|p=47}}</big> '''(1325–1448 CE)'''
|-
|Prolaya Vema Reddi
|(1325–1353)
|-
|Anavota Reddi
|(1353–1364)
|-
|Anavema Reddi
|(1364–1386)
|-
|Kumaragiri Reddi
|(1386–1402)
|-
|Kataya Vema Reddi
|(1395–1414)
|-
|Peda Komati Vema Reddi
|(1402–1420)
|-
|Racha Vema Reddi
|(1420–1424)
|-
|Allada Reddi
|(1414–1423)
|-
|Veerabhadra Reddi
|(1423–1448)
|}
The administration was carried according to the "Dharmasutras". One-sixth of agriculture surplus was levied as tax. Under the reign of Anavota Reddi custom duties and taxes on trade were lifted. As a result, trade flourished. Sea trade was carried through the port Motupalli. A large number of merchants settled down near it. Celebrating 'Vasantotsavalu' was revived during the rule of Anavema Reddi. The Brahmins were given liberal grants by the Reddi kings. Caste system was observed. Heavy taxes by Racha Vema Reddi made him highly unpopular.{{sfn|Raghunadha Rao|1994|pp=87,88}}
== See also ==
* [[Gadwal Samsthanam]]
* [[Wanaparthy Samsthanam]]
* [[Papannapet Samsthanam]]
* [[History of Andhra Pradesh]]

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Book sources==
* {{citation |last=Farooqui |first=Salma Ahmed |title=A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sxhAtCflwOMC |year=2011 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-3202-1}}
* {{citation |first=G. |last=Durga Prasad |title=History of the Andhras up to 1565 A. D. |publisher=P. G. Publishers |location=Guntur |year=1988 |url=https://www.katragadda.com/articles/HistoryOfTheAndhras.pdf |access-date=27 August 2018 |archive-date=14 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214212948/http://www.katragadda.com/articles/HistoryOfTheAndhras.pdf |url-status=dead }}
* {{Citation |last=Raghunadha Rao |first=P. |year=1994|title=History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh: From the earliest times to the present day |publisher=Sterling Publishers|isbn=81-207-1719-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Rao |first=Velcheru Narayana |chapter=Multiple Literary Cultures in Telugu: Court, Temple and Public |editor=Sheldon I. Pollock |title=Literary cultures in history: reconstructions from South Asia |pages=383–436 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak9csfpY2WoC&pg=PA385 |year=2003 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-22821-4}}
* {{citation |first1=Velcheru Narayana |last1=Rao |first2=David |last2=Shulman |title=Srinatha: The Poet Who Made Gods and Kings |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0199863044 |url=|ref={{sfnref|Rao & Shulman, Srinatha|2012}}}}
* {{citation |first=Mallampalli |last=Somasekhara Sarma |title=History of the Reddi Kingdoms (Circa. 1325 A.D., to circa. 144B A.D.) |publisher=Andhra University |location=Waltair |year=1946 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32066 |via=archive.org}}
* {{citation |last=Talbot |first=Cynthia |title=Pre-colonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19803-123-9 |year=2001 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C}}

[[Category:States and territories established in 1325]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1448]]
[[Category:Telugu society]]
[[Category:Empires and kingdoms of India]]
[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:14th century in India]]
[[Category:15th century in India]]

Rapprochement

2022-03-01T13:37:49Z

RaashPabri: Just completed a comprehensive guide.

{{short description|French term for re-establishment of friendly relations}}
In [[international relations]], a '''rapprochement''', which comes from the [[French language|French]] word ''rapprocher'' ("to bring together"), is a re-establishment of cordial relations between two countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/rapprochement|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719224740/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/rapprochement|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 19, 2012|title=rapprochement - definition of rapprochement in English from the Oxford dictionary|work=oxforddictionaries.com}}</ref> This may be done due to a mutual enemy, as was the case with [[German Empire|Germany]] for [[French Third Republic|France]] and the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] and their signing of the [[Entente Cordiale]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Théophile Delcassé and the making of the Entente Cordiale|author=Andrew, Christopher M.|oclc=641439750}}</ref> It has also been done, particularly in the cold war between the [[Soviet Union]] and the [[United States]], in an effort to reduce tensions and the likelihood of war.

In the political scene of an individual country, rapprochement means the bringing together of diverse political factions as, for example, during [[Metapolitefsi#Metapolitefsi through Democracy: The transition that worked|metapolitefsi]] in [[Greece]].

== Historical examples ==

=== The Great Rapprochement ===
Relations between the United States and the United Kingdom warmed significantly in the period leading up to [[World War I]]. After multiple border and influence disputes in the 19th century, particularly that of the [[Venezuelan crisis of 1895|Anglo-American border dispute in Venezuela]], interests in the western hemisphere aligned. Public opinion in the United Kingdom supported the United States in the [[Spanish–American War]], though previously they were skeptical of American domination of the Caribbean.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Britain and the Americas : culture, politics, and history : a multidisciplinary encyclopedia|editor=Will Kaufman|editor2=Heidi Slettedahl Macpherson|isbn=9781849723817|pages=48–49|oclc=299474335}}</ref> Rather than intervene, the British government remained neutral. Likewise, the government of the United States refused to aid the Boers in the [[Second Boer War|Boer War]], and instead sold limited amounts of war materials to the United Kingdom.<ref name=":0" /> The roots of this rapprochement were both not only strategic, but cultural; many notable political figures including [[Theodore Roosevelt|President Theodore Roosevelt]] supported the United Kingdom on the basis of supporting Anglo-Saxon culture.<ref name=":0" />

=== Entente Cordiale ===
The Entente Cordiale was a series of diplomatic agreements between the United Kingdom and France in 1904 that saw the warming of relations and simplification of overseas borders.<ref name=":1" /> In particular, the original cause for the negotiations was the disputed north African colonies of both colonial powers.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Cross-Channel currents 100 hundred years of the Entente Cordiale|author=Johnson, Douglas|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780203624586|oclc=1086417487}}</ref> Diplomats agreed to colonial concessions in order to prevent colonial conflict between the two; it would eventually grow to be a military alliance acting as a counterweight to the [[Triple Alliance (1882)|Triple Alliance]] that would see conflict in World War I. Rather than a formal agreement to military aid, the Entente Cordiale grew with the various diplomatic crises leading up to World War I. The effects of rapprochement could be seen with Franco-British unity in the [[First Moroccan Crisis|Moroccan Crisis]] against the German Empire.<ref name=":1" />

=== Chinese-American rapprochement ===
[[File:President Richard Nixon and Mao Zedong.jpg|thumb|right|250px|General Secretary [[Mao Zedong]] (left) shakes hands with President [[Richard Nixon]] (right) during [[Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China|the latter's visit to China in 1972]].]]

The mending of [[Sino-American relations|relations]] between the [[United States]] under [[Richard Nixon]] and the [[People's Republic of China]] from 1972 onward can be considered to be rapprochement. In a 1979 reversal of previous diplomatic policy, the [[Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations]] ended the official recognition of the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]] and caused the American withdrawal of troops from Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=People's Republic of China-United States: Establishment of Diplomatic Relations|journal=International Legal Materials|volume=18|issue=1|pages=272–275|doi=10.1017/s0020782900043886|s2cid=249005911 |issn=0020-7829}}</ref> It was the culmination of a warming of relations, effectively recognizing the People's Republic of China (as opposed to the Republic of China) as the sole government of China.

=== Détente ===
The period known as [[détente]], or "relaxation", between the United States and the Soviet Union during the 1970s was a time of rapprochement. Treaties limiting the scope and number of strategic weapons, including [[SALT I]], were signed. This was partially in response to construction of missile defense systems, which would allow a nation to launch a [[Pre-emptive nuclear strike|first strike]] and shoot down retaliation.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/salt|title=Milestones: 1969–1976 - Office of the Historian|website=history.state.gov|access-date=2019-03-04}}</ref> As such, agreements were signed to reduce the feasibility of a first strike, and further agreements sought to reduce strategic weapons systems, rather than cap them.<ref name=":2" /> This led to more cordial relations between the two superpowers.

== Methods and causes ==
Rapprochement often begins with a joint policy, treaty or statement, such as with the SALT I treaty or the Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations. Often, the rapprochement occurs specifically in an attempt to counter another power, like with Chinese-American rapprochement targeted towards the Soviet Union.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Sino-Soviet Split : Cold War in the Communist World|author=Lüthi, Lorenz M.|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1282964754|oclc=824163308}}</ref> Likewise, France and the United Kingdom sought to counter the German Empire.<ref name=":1" />

== See also ==
* [[The Great Rapprochement]]
* [[Entente Cordiale]]
* [[Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations]]
* [[Détente]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references group="" responsive="0"></references>

[[Category:Diplomacy]]